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+[{"audio_id": "fAIjsDxG9PE", "text": {"fAIjsDxG9PE-00000-00000525-00000671": "Eric Green: Well, good afternoon, everyone.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00001-00000671-00000817": "Thank you for coming.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00002-00000817-00001223": "I'm Eric Green, director of the National Human Genome Research Institute.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00003-00001223-00001741": "And I welcome all of you to what is the last talk in this special series of lectures we've", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00004-00001741-00002260": "had commemorating the 25th anniversary of the launch of the Human Genome Project.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00005-00002260-00002885": "As I've pointed out at each of these talks, we had a lineup of these six presentations", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00006-00002885-00003641": "all geared towards giving us a bit of a reminder and a bit of a reflection of what the Genome", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00007-00003641-00004255": "Project was all about, from hearing from people who were participants in various ways and", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00008-00004255-00004537": "contributing to that very important endeavor.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00009-00004537-00005028": "And it's really, certainly, a great pleasure to me to introduce our final speaker in this", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00010-00005028-00005612": "series, and -- who really represents a great friend of myself and also the Institute, really,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00011-00005612-00005712": "for many years.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00012-00005712-00006328": "And I can think of no one other than David Bentley to sort of wrap up this six-part series", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00013-00006328-00006781": "and conclude it, I think, in a very effective way, as you'll hear from someone who really", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00014-00006781-00007140": "was a beginning and end participant in the Human Genome Project.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00015-00007140-00007709": "By way of background, David graduated with an MA degree in natural sciences from Cambridge", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00016-00007709-00008064": "and a Doctor of Philosophy from Oxford University.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00017-00008064-00008538": "He was then a post-doctoral Beit Memorial Research Fellow at Oxford, at that time studying", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00018-00008538-00008972": "the genetics of class 3 HLA genes with Rod Porter.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00019-00008972-00009522": "And then in 1988, he became a lecturer at London University developing molecular tests", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00020-00009522-00010062": "for genetic diseases and initiating studies to map human genomes in Guy's Hospital.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00021-00010062-00010522": "It was actually at that time that I got to know David.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00022-00010522-00011247": "I was then a post-doctoral fellow, just about the time the genome project was either launching", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00023-00011247-00011436": "or about to launch.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00024-00011436-00011929": "We actually developed a trans-Atlantic collaboration, and really the rest is history.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00025-00011929-00012392": "We've been lifelong friends ever since and have really, I think, interacted in many ways", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00026-00012392-00012901": "as each of our careers have taken various twists and turns along the way.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00027-00012901-00013619": "Well, in 1993, after the Human Genome Project started, David and I were actually both quite", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00028-00013619-00013868": "involved in the genomics community at that time.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00029-00013868-00014386": "But David made the move, at that point, to go back to the Cambridge area, take up the", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00030-00014386-00014831": "position as head of human genetics, principle investigator, and a founding member of the", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00031-00014831-00015509": "board of management of this newly-formed entity called the Sanger Center in England, which", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00032-00015509-00015916": "was directed by John Sulston, shown here.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00033-00015916-00016452": "Here's a picture of David and Sir John, he is now Sir John Sulston.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00034-00016452-00016900": "This was actually -- took place at a very special venue, at a very special meeting.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00035-00016900-00017415": "I think this was the first of a series of meetings in Bermuda that were associated with", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00036-00017415-00018372": "crafting the policy that came out of the Human Genome Project to have a very liberal release", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00037-00018372-00018876": "of data, well advanced of publication, and the famous Bermuda principles for data release,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00038-00018876-00019268": "which I think is one of the great outcomes of the Human Genome Project, came about at", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00039-00019268-00019414": "this exact meeting.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00040-00019414-00019652": "Obviously, it was a very nice setting.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00041-00019652-00020123": "It was partway between the U.S. and the U.K., which is why Bermuda was picked.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00042-00020123-00020333": "And David took advantage of these surroundings.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00043-00020333-00020795": "He was on the ride of his life, and you can see here him sort of enjoying what you can", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00044-00020795-00021284": "do in Bermuda when you're not in a dimly lit room talking about hard issues like data release.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00045-00021284-00021716": "I remember taking this picture and joking with David at the time that maybe I'll be", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00046-00021716-00022090": "able to use it someday when he gets famous to embarrass him, so this is one of the times", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00047-00022090-00022441": "I’m taking advantage of trying to embarrass him now that he is famous.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00048-00022441-00023051": "Well, needless to say, David took a leading position in the Human Genome Project and related", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00049-00023051-00023326": "international consortia over the years.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00050-00023326-00023667": "Particular as the Genome Project was lining up, and then beyond the Genome Project, he", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00051-00023667-00024190": "took a special interest in human genomic variation, a heavy contributor to the SNIP Consortium,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00052-00024190-00024686": "a heavy contributor to the International HapMap Project and also the Thousand Genomes project,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00053-00024686-00025082": "being involved intellectually at every one of these at some level.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00054-00025082-00025604": "But then in 2005, David departed the Sanger to become the chief scientist of what was", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00055-00025604-00025864": "then Solexa, which later became Illumina.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00056-00025864-00026297": "And then since 2007, he's been vice president and chief scientist at Illumina.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00057-00026297-00026826": "His long-term interest in the study of human sequence variation, particularly human genomic", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00058-00026826-00027319": "variation and its impact and implications for human health and disease, really have", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00059-00027319-00027783": "served, have created a path forward that he's been involved with both on the academic side", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00060-00027783-00028394": "at the Sanger, and now, in more recent years, on the commercial side working with Illumina.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00061-00028394-00028936": "I think his work at Illumina's really focused on trying to develop fast and accurate sequencing", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00062-00028936-00029581": "of human genomes for adoption and to the benefit of health care with a focus on rare genetic", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00063-00029581-00030008": "diseases, cancer, and, I think, increasingly all types of relevant applications for health", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00064-00030008-00030118": "care.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00065-00030118-00030582": "I think these efforts have been exemplified by the goals of efforts that he's been in", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00066-00030582-00030989": "some way involved with, such as Hundred Thousand Genomes Project, which is a partnership that", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00067-00030989-00031389": "includes Illumina Genomics England and the National Health Service in England.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00068-00031389-00032079": "And a more local level to NHGRI, David has been a longtime friend of the Institute.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00069-00032079-00032266": "He served in various capacities.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00070-00032266-00032805": "I was just reminiscing that David was brought on to our board of scientific counselors of", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00071-00032805-00033330": "our intramural research program about the third or fourth year that that program existed", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00072-00033330-00033430": "and served.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00073-00033430-00033856": "And, in fact, I can see several people from some of the intramural investigators here", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00074-00033856-00034538": "who David saw at very junior level and have sort of benefitted from his wise counsel.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00075-00034538-00034763": "But there's been other times we've used him in other ways.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00076-00034763-00035259": "He's been involved in numerous planning meetings at the Institute, planning especially beyond", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00077-00035259-00035750": "the Human Genome Project, various major strategic meetings that we had.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00078-00035750-00035863": "Shown here is one such one.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00079-00035863-00036169": "I would be betting that this is probably an early house.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00080-00036169-00036547": "I'm getting a nod that, yes, this is indeed one of our important planning events that", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00081-00036547-00036866": "led to publication of one of our strategic plans.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00082-00036866-00037360": "And always, David's advice has been generously accepted and his expertise of input put to", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00083-00037360-00037672": "thinking very broadly about what needs to happen in genomics.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00084-00037672-00038137": "And also bringing, importantly, the international perspective, which we value greatly, has been", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00085-00038137-00038682": "greatly beneficial to NHGRI and its planning pursuits in doing so on behalf of the whole", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00086-00038682-00038903": "genomics community.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00087-00038903-00039261": "So please welcome David Bentley to the podium.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00088-00039261-00039701": "He's here today to wrap up this series with a talk entitled \"The Genome is for Life.\"", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00089-00039701-00039801": "David.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00090-00039801-00039901": "[applause].", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00091-00039901-00040200": "David Bentley: Thank you very much.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00092-00040200-00040572": "Eric, you're too kind.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00093-00040572-00040999": "I'm sure you have even more embarrassing photographs, but [laughs].", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00094-00040999-00041458": "Okay, so thank you all for the opportunity.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00095-00041458-00041757": "It's really wonderful hospitality here that I've received in coming back.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00096-00041757-00041950": "It's been a while, actually.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00097-00041950-00042328": "But certainly, this feels like -- if not home, it feels like home from home.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00098-00042328-00042979": "And I hope to really go back in time a little bit to give you some reflections of perspectives", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00099-00042979-00043666": "that I have drawn on throughout the career, much of which Eric actually outlined already.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00100-00043666-00044270": "So what I'd like to do then is to first of all summarize the entire course, which I have", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00101-00044270-00044566": "learned so much about in these four goals.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00102-00044566-00045100": "From the very earliest times and long before the human genome project was truly vocalized,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00103-00045100-00045738": "I became involved in finding mutations that cause disease, to really have an impact on", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00104-00045738-00045931": "understanding and treating illness.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00105-00045931-00046365": "And then, of course, the second part of this talk will be really to focus on the move in", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00106-00046365-00046681": "to the human genome and to sequence it, and why.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00107-00046681-00047034": "Some of the immediate follow-on projects, where we're all beginning to wonder: What", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00108-00047034-00047413": "was it about and what impact would it have?", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00109-00047413-00047584": "And thirdly, then, to develop technology.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00110-00047584-00047733": "This was the big transition.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00111-00047733-00048202": "There was really much to be gained from new technology development, to bring genomes to", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00112-00048202-00048715": "the individual and individuals to the genome, and finally to really move, as recently, into", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00113-00048715-00048815": "healthcare.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00114-00048815-00049244": "And I'll have a few slides available depending on time and interest to really cover something", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00115-00049244-00049828": "of the recent work that really was -- the early foundations were laid some twenty-odd", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00116-00049828-00050437": "years ago, and bring us full-circle to what we're trying to do: understand and treat illness.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00117-00050437-00050567": "So those are the four sections.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00118-00050567-00050719": "Let me start off with the early concepts.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00119-00050719-00051263": "And I'm going to start off with this iconic slide, which is not just an obvious one to", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00120-00051263-00051627": "bring as an iconic slide, but it's one which has motivated me for some time.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00121-00051627-00051974": "I spent some time collecting these images as part of an educational program.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00122-00051974-00052112": "But they strike a chord.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00123-00052112-00052326": "On the top left, that is the human genome.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00124-00052326-00052788": "That is about the only time you ever see the human genome in all its glory and in all its", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00125-00052788-00052926": "individual chromosomes.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00126-00052926-00053416": "And, of course, the concept here is of gradually unraveling those chromosomes to look at the", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00127-00053416-00053767": "beads on the Y, which illustrate the nucleosomes, through to the threads.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00128-00053767-00054226": "You really can see these wonderful, individual threads, which are then, of course, encapsulated", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00129-00054226-00054374": "by the double helical structure.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00130-00054374-00054704": "The point to make, though, about this -- or first point to make -- is really -- it's the", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00131-00054704-00054804": "property of DNA.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00132-00054804-00055287": "It’s the thread, it's the linearity, it's the continuity of DNA in these structures,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00133-00055287-00055769": "which of course confer so much about the genetic properties and everything we've been studying.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00134-00055769-00056167": "And I think it's been our course -- certainly my course over the last 30 years or so -- has", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00135-00056167-00056399": "been really rooted in the properties of this material.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00136-00056399-00056926": "In another very important sense, of course, it is the complete genetic code, which is", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00137-00056926-00057141": "the recipe for life.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00138-00057141-00057758": "And the first in several references, this really is the genome, which is for life.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00139-00057758-00058057": "Let me take you back to my first year as a Ph.D. student for a moment.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00140-00058057-00058444": "I actually had the pleasure of working in Fred Sanger's division, and this was at the", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00141-00058444-00058885": "time when they were just learning how to do lambda a second time.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00142-00058885-00059319": "They'd gotten 90 percent of the way there with restriction fragments and isolating them", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00143-00059319-00059763": "and cloning them and sequencing them, but the Fred Sanger group had observed in their", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00144-00059763-00060244": "final publication, the various methods were studied for sequencing specific regions, but", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00145-00060244-00060428": "all of them were much slower than the random approach.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00146-00060428-00060617": "And this really was the beginning of the concept.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00147-00060617-00061080": "If you randomly sample and keep on doing the same thing, it is simple, straightforward,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00148-00061080-00061180": "you can do it.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00149-00061180-00061649": "You can maintain quality and productivity, and you end up with the complete solution,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00150-00061649-00061787": "because of the continuity of the DNA.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00151-00061787-00062264": "And the bottom right was actually a pilot study from Steve Anderson, who was in the", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00152-00062264-00062669": "lab at the time, who demonstrated you don't asymptotically approach completion, but in", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00153-00062669-00063053": "his case you actually reach completion as you start to oversample.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00154-00063053-00063470": "And, of course, oversampling also enables the duplication and replication of results.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00155-00063470-00063704": "That, again, was a very impactful time.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00156-00063704-00064364": "Moving on to Oxford, this was my first contig, or mine and my colleagues', I should say.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00157-00064364-00064845": "When, as Eric has alluded to, the actual concept -- the top half of the slide illustrates the", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00158-00064845-00064945": "unknown.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00159-00064945-00065336": "And Rob Porter insisted we put that figure in, because it illustrated what we knew when", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00160-00065336-00065713": "we started the project was much less than what we knew at the end.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00161-00065713-00066119": "We were able to really organize these genes and even to discover the evidence for two", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00162-00066119-00066239": "C4 genes and not one.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00163-00066239-00066744": "And really the field opened up in that transition from figure 1 to figure 2 was really what", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00164-00066744-00066869": "it was all about.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00165-00066869-00066974": "But it was the first contig.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00166-00066974-00067112": "It was physical mapping.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00167-00067112-00067561": "It was the beginning of looking at the linear relationship of genes on DNA to actually decode", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00168-00067561-00067768": "the information.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00169-00067768-00068123": "Switching gears for a moment, this -- I have to say, acknowledging my wife here and not", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00170-00068123-00068223": "me.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00171-00068223-00068323": "This is my wife's work.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00172-00068323-00068714": "Indeed, I met her somewhat during this work.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00173-00068714-00069245": "And she was involved in utilizing all the studies of genomics to actually investigate", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00174-00069245-00069345": "individual patients.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00175-00069345-00069605": "So you'll see we’re going to come full circle with this at the end.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00176-00069605-00070156": "But here was a patient suffering hemophilia, hemophilia B, in theory a defect of the Factor", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00177-00070156-00070256": "IX gene.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00178-00070256-00070850": "And she did an extensive six- to nine-month program: genomic cloning, screening, sub-cloning.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00179-00070850-00071060": "There was no PCR at that point.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00180-00071060-00071533": "And eventually sub-cloning and sequencing the exomes of the genes to find one mutation.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00181-00071533-00071774": "This really was a needle in a haystack par excellence.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00182-00071774-00072257": "And that change induced a change in a protein structure, which was a non-obvious mutation.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00183-00072257-00072650": "And actually what was needed was a great deal of protein work to actually investigate what", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00184-00072650-00072808": "did the mutation actually do.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00185-00072808-00073157": "And this, of course, is an interpretation challenge, which is still with us today.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00186-00073157-00073532": "How do you prove a mutation that you think is there is actually there?", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00187-00073532-00073901": "This showed a high molecular protein in this particular patient compared to the others.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00188-00073901-00074357": "And I've highlighted over there the actual and terminal protein sequence that Anne [spelled", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00189-00074357-00074661": "phonetically] determined in the course of demonstrating that what she inferred from", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00190-00074661-00075057": "the sequence was actually true at the protein level and really raised the whole functional", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00191-00075057-00075214": "implications of these changes.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00192-00075214-00075641": "So these are very early examples of problems we still grapple with today.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00193-00075641-00075938": "Staying with the burden of proof, there's another important example, which I wanted", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00194-00075938-00076413": "to flag; because it illustrates also technical challenges and the way we work to them.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00195-00076413-00076885": "Among a series of Hunter syndrome patients, which we identified mutations in, was one", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00196-00076885-00076985": "silent change.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00197-00076985-00077480": "And the interesting thing here is a silent change led to a cryptic donor splice site,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00198-00077480-00077810": "which actually was predicted to remove part of the coding sequence.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00199-00077810-00077980": "But again, it required proof.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00200-00077980-00078483": "And as it happens, we were working on small amounts of CDNA from the blood.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00201-00078483-00079060": "And so the evidence was there before us to show the altered size of the molecule, which", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00202-00079060-00079610": "is actually incorporated a piece of sequence, which was abnormal and created something unusual.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00203-00079610-00080006": "So the burden of proof is really there and is still with us today, in terms of proving", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00204-00080006-00080510": "what we infer and how do we establish the functional importance of particular mutations?", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00205-00080510-00080936": "It has got a little easier, but this has been going for a long time.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00206-00080936-00081379": "Tackling the question of completeness for a moment and the conundrum, this was interesting.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00207-00081379-00081832": "This began to move us from single mutations and single cases to try to understand the", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00208-00081832-00082023": "complete spectrum of disease.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00209-00082023-00082418": "This was DMD and Becker muscular dystrophy, its milder phenotype.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00210-00082418-00082761": "And here, one of the observations was two-thirds of them have deletions.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00211-00082761-00082917": "What about the other third?", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00212-00082917-00083306": "But also, the deletions don't actually correlate with the size.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00213-00083306-00083722": "The intensity does not correlate with the size of what we actually found by extensive", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00214-00083722-00084132": "searching with non-sequencing techniques first -- I'll come on to that in a second -- to", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00215-00084132-00084522": "find actually that the point mutations were every bit as severe as big deletions, because", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00216-00084522-00084681": "they resulted in premature termination.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00217-00084681-00085144": "But they also explained the complete spectrum and shed light on the functional importance", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00218-00085144-00085244": "of the C terminus.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00219-00085244-00085488": "Lose the C terminus and you have Duchenne.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00220-00085488-00085843": "Keep it, and regardless of the growth deletion in the middle, and you actually have Beckham", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00221-00085843-00085962": "muscular dystrophy.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00222-00085962-00086454": "So a fascinating look at the spectrum mutations that cause disease.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00223-00086454-00086962": "This last one steps back a couple of years to Factor9 again, to look at, again, a non-sequencing", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00224-00086962-00087062": "method.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00225-00087062-00087440": "Because it simply was impossible to sequence for mutations, period.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00226-00087440-00087945": "If you're going to look at seven in this case and multiple patients with hemophilia B, and", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00227-00087945-00088279": "we had this method, which was actually based on the chemistry of Maximilian Gilward [spelled", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00228-00088279-00088452": "phonetically], to screen for mutations.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00229-00088452-00088887": "And actually found, in one experiment, four out of the seven patients we identified mutations", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00230-00088887-00089081": "between these two exomes.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00231-00089081-00089425": "The other important part about this slide is this was my calling card.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00232-00089425-00089676": "This was the first time I presented at Cold Spring Harbor.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00233-00089676-00090006": "I was very surprised to present this data.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00234-00090006-00090435": "And that's when I met Eric and I also met Maynard Olson, who was fascinated -- and I", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00235-00090435-00090760": "realized he'd been interested in the same topic for some time.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00236-00090760-00091226": "And so I came on out to St. Louis to meet Maynard and Eric and many of the group.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00237-00091226-00091619": "And really, this was the beginning of this long and successful relationship, all because", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00238-00091619-00091899": "of this early study.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00239-00091899-00092374": "So this really was the very seed in the beginning of -- slightly prior to human genome, at the", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00240-00092374-00092879": "same time I was working on this, we were actually spending some time working on pilot studies", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00241-00092879-00093307": "for chromosome mapping, combining the two interests, if you will.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00242-00093307-00093641": "And so I'm going to transition rather rapidly now to the process that then took us into", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00243-00093641-00094072": "the human genome towards the end of my time at Guy's Hospital and the beginning in Sanger,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00244-00094072-00094314": "of course.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00245-00094314-00094701": "To summarize, again, just to sort of put us back on track in terms of some crisp facts,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00246-00094701-00095272": "if you will: These are my -- at least four key decisions that were taken in terms of", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00247-00095272-00095708": "the planning and the strategy for the Human Genome Project.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00248-00095708-00096000": "The first was to sequence all the genome and not just the cDNAs.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00249-00096000-00096538": "There was a tremendous argument about whether to sequence the non-coding or just to work", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00250-00096538-00096727": "on cDNAs.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00251-00096727-00097177": "And clearly for the very reason that you want to understand the unknown, you should sequence", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00252-00097177-00097277": "it.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00253-00097277-00097574": "And this was an argument which John held, but others did not necessarily agree with.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00254-00097574-00097921": "And that was really quite a debate, and it as rather important that that debate was won,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00255-00097921-00098152": "as we'll see a little bit later.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00256-00098152-00098511": "Second, not to wait for new technology, and I'll flag why in a second.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00257-00098511-00099033": "Third, really, to establish an international consortium in the public genome program.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00258-00099033-00099529": "And fourth, as Eric has already mentioned, to create a formal public data release policy,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00259-00099529-00099945": "and that's the Bermuda statement right there, which I think is probably very well-known.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00260-00099945-00100132": "So I won't go into detail.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00261-00100132-00100616": "But it is the freely available in the public domain, to encourage further benefit, which", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00262-00100616-00101088": "is the real essence of the Bermuda statement.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00263-00101088-00101498": "This was a statement made by John Sulston at the time of writing the proposal to start", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00264-00101498-00101598": "the Sanger Center.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00265-00101598-00101775": "It was a very bold proposal.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00266-00101775-00102226": "It won 2 million pounds per page, which is about the top density of grant writing which", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00267-00102226-00102484": "we've ever had in the U.K., I think.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00268-00102484-00102584": "It was bold.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00269-00102584-00102943": "The proposal was bold, let alone the actual document.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00270-00102943-00103424": "And this illustrates some of the little features to capture the spirit of starting Sanger.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00271-00103424-00103870": "The Sanger was formed in '92 to sequence the worm and the yeast, and actually to work out", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00272-00103870-00104108": "what to do about the human.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00273-00104108-00104449": "This was not a done deal, the Wellcome Trust with funding the human genome at this point.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00274-00104449-00104758": "They were funding the sequencing of nematode and yeast.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00275-00104758-00105165": "And to give us a chance to work on how to tackle the human.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00276-00105165-00105378": "Some of these questions were still being answered.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00277-00105378-00105935": "And clearly that was my role, very much, to bring human genome mapping from my pilot experiments", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00278-00105935-00106410": "at Guy's -- funded powerfully by MRC and partly privately -- to actually form the seeds for", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00279-00106410-00106667": "the human genetics part of Sanger.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00280-00106667-00107170": "And I brought with me two chromosomes, axon 22, as part of that exercise.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00281-00107170-00107642": "We weren't necessarily going to stay at Hinxton, but interestingly, two old friends got together,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00282-00107642-00108074": "and this was the beginning of the EBI and the really cementing of the EBI campus, the", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00283-00108074-00108551": "Hinxton campus itself, as the genome campus of the Wellcome Trust.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00284-00108551-00109061": "My cash burner there and John Sulston really brought the EBI and its funding, the European", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00285-00109061-00109354": "Center, to the Hinxton campus.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00286-00109354-00109578": "And that really cemented it.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00287-00109578-00110029": "Fred Sanger was actually asked whether he minded putting his name to the institute.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00288-00110029-00110315": "He thought about it and said, \"Yes, but with one proviso.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00289-00110315-00110560": "It had better be good.\"", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00290-00110560-00110669": "[Laughter].", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00291-00110669-00111246": "I gather John Sulston said he wished he'd never -- he hadn't asked.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00292-00111246-00111474": "Clearly the buyback of all this is the worm project.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00293-00111474-00112052": "I really want to acknowledge the strong UK/US collaboration, which in so many ways exemplified", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00294-00112052-00112692": "what we were to do with the human genome, and John was a tremendous protagonist of this.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00295-00112692-00113058": "And, of course, Bob also in [unintelligible] so the chance to meet Bob at the same time", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00296-00113058-00113383": "as Eric and Maynard was a great opportunity.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00297-00113383-00114005": "Sometimes it got rather lively, and sometimes it got committed to some satire when the worm", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00298-00114005-00114189": "was at the heart of the Genome Project.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00299-00114189-00114541": "But I don't know if that was the English view or the international view, but certainly I", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00300-00114541-00114746": "think this was provided to me.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00301-00114746-00115084": "This was my leaving present from Sanger, actually, was this picture.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00302-00115084-00115603": "Then a very important character, Michael Morgan -- and I've jumped forward now to 1998 -- to", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00303-00115603-00116068": "pick out perhaps the most important statement, which is 1998.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00304-00116068-00116492": "Which is when there was a big debate about the human genome and Solera was on the map,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00305-00116492-00116977": "and the Wellcome Trust decided that it agreed with us to fund one third of the human genome", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00306-00116977-00117077": "at that point.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00307-00117077-00117440": "And that was really putting a stake in the ground on behalf of the international community", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00308-00117440-00117582": "to say, \"This should be done.\"", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00309-00117582-00117970": "And interestingly, there was a real teaser in this.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00310-00117970-00118445": "It's interesting because, at the time, they were in the Wellcome Trust, and I was actually", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00311-00118445-00119115": "here in Cold Spring Harbor at a strategy meeting, which Craig Ventura, Mike Hunkapiller were", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00312-00119115-00119325": "visiting and were invited to.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00313-00119325-00119782": "And there was a very interesting debate about what to do, given this new challenge, this", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00314-00119782-00120058": "competitor, if you will, to the public domain project.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00315-00120058-00120605": "And the tweak, the twist in the tale, was that the Wellcome Trust agreed to state that", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00316-00120605-00121107": "in order to ensure the whole genome would be in the public domain, it would, if necessary,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00317-00121107-00121602": "fund a half, or if necessary would fund even more -- that was a big stake.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00318-00121602-00121935": "Because suddenly that meant -- suggested that the Wellcome Trust was prepared to have Sanger", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00319-00121935-00122122": "really do the majority of the genome.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00320-00122122-00122577": "And that was a tremendous support, I think, for Francis and colleagues here at the NIH", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00321-00122577-00122850": "to figure, \"Yep, there is a real commitment to do this.\"", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00322-00122850-00123156": "And clearly a similar sort of discussions were taking place over here.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00323-00123156-00123571": "But that was the moment, I think, at which the project really got cemented in a very", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00324-00123571-00124007": "exciting fax, I think, that was received at the strategy meeting.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00325-00124007-00124205": "And everybody was paying attention to the speaker.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00326-00124205-00124673": "And if Jim Watson came in -- this thing had come to a private fax -- and it landed in", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00327-00124673-00125023": "the corner on the table, and the first person's eyes went down to read this statement.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00328-00125023-00125383": "Then it got passed along, and more and more heads just went down.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00329-00125383-00125817": "And suddenly nobody was looking at the speaker, and everybody was absorbed the implications", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00330-00125817-00126257": "of this fax and what it meant for the future of the human genome.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00331-00126257-00126508": "I forget who the speaker was.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00332-00126508-00126659": "[Laughter].", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00333-00126659-00127063": "And this is a board of management that really was assembled to put it into practice.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00334-00127063-00127229": "We were mostly imposed.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00335-00127229-00127504": "Mike Stratton, top right, joined us at about that time.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00336-00127504-00127932": "But you can see the rest of the cast of characters there.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00337-00127932-00128047": "There's another way of looking at Hinxton.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00338-00128047-00128373": "You can see something of the idyllic nature of the process, and I just wanted to pause", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00339-00128373-00128723": "for a moment to entertain you with something else.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00340-00128723-00129289": "There was much entertainment and joyous celebrations throughout our time at Hinxton, but this is", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00341-00129289-00129625": "a particularly poignant moment that summarizes, I think, the spirit of Hinxton.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00342-00129625-00130052": "Not only the geography and the architecture, but this sketch is something which I drew", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00343-00130052-00130386": "as a leaving present for our head of corporate services.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00344-00130386-00130548": "It was carved onto a park bench.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00345-00130548-00131345": "But you can see the elements here range from the serious aspects of the nematode worm and", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00346-00131345-00132040": "the mouse, which had been started at that point and right on to the local ossuary, where", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00347-00132040-00132226": "many of the most important decisions were taken.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00348-00132226-00132358": "It was the Red Lion.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00349-00132358-00132623": "And various other aspects.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00350-00132623-00133028": "Mario was particularly annoyed at the moles that kept on digging holes in his grounds,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00351-00133028-00133666": "and so I had to capture that on his departure, to say the moles got the last word.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00352-00133666-00134262": "On to progress following the real cementing of the program, and chromosome 22 was a really", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00353-00134262-00134609": "important decision that had been taken some four or five years before.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00354-00134609-00134967": "I'd been working on the X chromosome; other groups were working on other chromosomes.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00355-00134967-00135428": "And it occurred to me to move to a less populated chromosome, made sense for a lot of reasons.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00356-00135428-00135909": "And also, not least, it was smaller than all the ones that everybody else was working on,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00357-00135909-00136412": "so actually obtaining that all-important continuity of the DNA, to describe a complete chromosome", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00358-00136412-00136842": "or a complete genetic unit, it was only one-third the size of the nematode worms.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00359-00136842-00137091": "So really, it seemed a much more tractable problem.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00360-00137091-00137624": "And Ian Dunham, who in fact was working in the same lab as Eric at the time in St. Louis,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00361-00137624-00138073": "actually came back and started this program, and we made very rapid progress in Guy's,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00362-00138073-00138455": "and took the entire map up to Sanger.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00363-00138455-00138803": "And that's how we really got to be in the position we are, in essentially the first", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00364-00138803-00139266": "human chromosome sequence, which certainly followed many of the concepts established", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00365-00139266-00139521": "for following C. elegans sequence.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00366-00139521-00139791": "We documented it for this chromosome.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00367-00139791-00140292": "The accuracy, the continuity, and also, very importantly, the annotation.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00368-00140292-00140765": "Actually using the sequence to really describe the gene structures and also finding a rather", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00369-00140765-00141134": "large number of pseudo-genes, which of course were going to complicate the picture of annotation", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00370-00141134-00141421": "forever, to be honest.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00371-00141421-00141936": "And this is a really important painstaking work, that Ian Dunham led and really worked", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00372-00141936-00142213": "closely with his own mapping.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00373-00142213-00142709": "And of course, Jane Rogers and John Sulston leading the sequencing and the overall charge.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00374-00142709-00143240": "And this was a collaboration with three other groups, particularly Japan, America had -- were", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00375-00143240-00143397": "contributing to this program as well.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00376-00143397-00143777": "So again, it was already the international consortium was well-established, even within", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00377-00143777-00144100": "the same chromosome.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00378-00144100-00144491": "Very important, it happened in December, and this was the catchphrase that was adopted", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00379-00144491-00144792": "by the Wellcome Trust: Chromosome 22 is for Christmas.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00380-00144792-00145002": "It came in time for Christmas.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00381-00145002-00145427": "But we had to reflect on the fact the human genome is for life, it's going to take a little", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00382-00145427-00145527": "longer.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00383-00145527-00145627": "But it's going to be with us.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00384-00145627-00146079": "So once again, the genome is for life was somewhat coined by this Wellcome Trust piece", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00385-00146079-00146259": "of logroll.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00386-00146259-00146626": "This summarizes the program as a whole.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00387-00146626-00147097": "It is a hierarchical or clone-by-clone approach, but what you see here is the layout after", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00388-00147097-00147211": "layout of maps.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00389-00147211-00147655": "And I think I was discussing this morning with Chris Donahue the concept of -- these", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00390-00147655-00148060": "were important steps because they provided some level of reassurance about how we were", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00391-00148060-00148369": "doing and where we were going.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00392-00148369-00148770": "And some of this was really very novel stuff, the genetic map -- in this case, I'm citing", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00393-00148770-00149330": "the Jean Weissenbach microsatellite map, which provided a genome-wide consistent genetic", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00394-00149330-00149753": "map, though other genetic maps as well, particularly over here, from Marsh Field and others.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00395-00149753-00150148": "And then the ability to integrate markers that were both polymorphic and non-polymorphic", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00396-00150148-00150371": "using radiation hybrid mapping.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00397-00150371-00150916": "By selection genome markers, building a map of genes of all that was known at the time", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00398-00150916-00151261": "about the -- not only the panoply, but now the order of genes.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00399-00151261-00151845": "And so, once again, my recurring theme -- well, we maybe not get that.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00400-00151845-00152345": "The recurring theme being that we're looking at order across this, essentially continuous", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00401-00152345-00152798": "piece of string, and using the continuity of DNA, even though it's been broken off in", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00402-00152798-00153005": "radiation hybrid poles.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00403-00153005-00153491": "Nevertheless, the continuity can be rebuilt by reassembling the patterns so that you can", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00404-00153491-00153947": "see which gene, which probe is next to which probe on the basis -- the further apart they", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00405-00153947-00154326": "are in the genome, the less similar the patterns are.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00406-00154326-00154503": "They're fingerprints, if you like.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00407-00154503-00154920": "And hence pattern recognition, from patterns of inheritance in families, for the genetic", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00408-00154920-00155490": "map, patterns in RHMs, similarity in distance is a surrogate for -- sorry, similarity in", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00409-00155490-00156154": "difference is a surrogate for distance in markers, and that is then capitulated in transferring", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00410-00156154-00156735": "that framework map to the clones, which themselves are being overlapped independently by fingerprinting", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00411-00156735-00157238": "-- again, a message from John Sulston and also from Bob Walston [spelled phonetically]", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00412-00157238-00157349": "and Maynard, as well.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00413-00157349-00157720": "He was very much involved in a different method of fingerprinting, but the same concept in", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00414-00157720-00158284": "mind: to get rapid, repeated experiments that lead to continuity that will touch on Steve", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00415-00158284-00158608": "Anderson's sequencing anecdote from the beginning.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00416-00158608-00158940": "And so the clone map was assembled, really, belts and braces.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00417-00158940-00159273": "Fingerprinting, which is pattern recognition again, to detect overlaps.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00418-00159273-00159673": "Anchored by all those probes from the earlier layers, and through to the sequencing, which,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00419-00159673-00160037": "of course, is much more familiar to all of us.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00420-00160037-00160507": "And just to list the features for a moment there, they're particular to comment on the", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00421-00160507-00160941": "fact that -- given it was clone-based, it relied on the accuracy of bacterial cloning", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00422-00160941-00161556": "and replication to provide template that was unmutated, and also very much provided a source", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00423-00161556-00162033": "material, not just for the initial sequencing, but you get to go back to any point in the", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00424-00162033-00162350": "genome and do localized problem-solving and high-quality finishing.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00425-00162350-00162600": "And that's where we really got to the quality we're at today.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00426-00162600-00162963": "And that's why I emphasize the fact that waiting for new technology might've resulted in a", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00427-00162963-00163151": "very different product.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00428-00163151-00163591": "It was the fact that we adhered to these well-established methods, we knew what we're dealing with,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00429-00163591-00164011": "and the hierarchy approach led to a framework that allowed for a very highly accurate and", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00430-00164011-00164209": "highly continuous genome.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00431-00164209-00165213": "More about the initial impact, best summarized perhaps in the front pages of the journals.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00432-00165213-00165654": "Clearly we're not going to go into any of the content, I'm just going to summarize a", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00433-00165654-00165905": "few thoughts from the impact of the initial genome.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00434-00165905-00166171": "This, of course, was a draft genome at this point.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00435-00166171-00166570": "There was a complete transition from the finishing being the all-important thing to getting it", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00436-00166570-00166670": "out there.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00437-00166670-00166965": "And actually, in many ways, that was a very good thing.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00438-00166965-00167595": "I think the urgency with which the thing became a race, which in many ways was uncomfortable", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00439-00167595-00168178": "at the time, in theory may have compromised quality through producing a draft.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00440-00168178-00168555": "The point was, first of all, that it accelerated the entire process.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00441-00168555-00168877": "Everything came together and coalesced within 3 or 4 years.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00442-00168877-00169327": "And secondly, was the commitment to continue after this to get the finishing done to that", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00443-00169327-00169653": "very high standard that I just mentioned earlier.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00444-00169653-00169854": "So once again, the genome is for life.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00445-00169854-00170039": "Suddenly, this genome exists.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00446-00170039-00170639": "It's in the public databases, and there's a question of reconciling versions of it,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00447-00170639-00170862": "which got resolved, I think, later on.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00448-00170862-00171057": "But nevertheless, this is here.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00449-00171057-00171290": "This is going to change things, and it's an important impact.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00450-00171290-00171490": "Which, of course, we didn't fully understand.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00451-00171490-00172040": "And if you do go back, as I did the other day, to read the draft genome paper, there", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00452-00172040-00172276": "is -- there are some very humble statements in there.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00453-00172276-00172510": "It's acknowledged: We haven't finished.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00454-00172510-00172752": "We don't understand much about what the genome means yet.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00455-00172752-00173002": "We can't devise all the results and all the genes.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00456-00173002-00173544": "And while things like chromosome 22 were pointing the way, at the same time, there was really", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00457-00173544-00173655": "a great deal we didn't know.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00458-00173655-00173908": "We knew we were putting down a foundation.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00459-00173908-00174265": "We didn't know what was going to build on those foundations.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00460-00174265-00174707": "And that's a very important and very appropriate, I think, conclusion or tone from the paper.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00461-00174707-00174923": "What did others think?", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00462-00174923-00175314": "Oh, let's deal with the international genome for a moment.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00463-00175314-00175909": "This -- to summarize, three years on, the variety of contributions and clearly this", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00464-00175909-00176378": "is the slightly UK perspective, because it divides up all the US labs and makes Sanger", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00465-00176378-00176528": "look rather big [laughs].", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00466-00176528-00176733": "I make no apology for that.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00467-00176733-00177284": "It is my home country.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00468-00177284-00177566": "But to me, the point was that there were large and small contributors.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00469-00177566-00178262": "And I think while some felt squeezed by the process, there were small contributors and", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00470-00178262-00178819": "recent late entrants to the human genome who actually, because there was a transparent", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00471-00178819-00179146": "and coordinated process, they were able to participate.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00472-00179146-00179414": "And that's a really important element of this.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00473-00179414-00179961": "Equally important, this provides a jolly good artwork for a T-shirt.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00474-00179961-00180714": "And, of course, the nationalism, rather, took an extra leap when these T-shirts were distributed", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00475-00180714-00181289": "to the entire staff of Sanger on the finishing of the human genome.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00476-00181289-00181419": "What about far-reaching impact?", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00477-00181419-00181907": "Back in -- these the overall summaries, if you will, to which I've attached some thoughts", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00478-00181907-00182189": "about each of the key decisions.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00479-00182189-00182759": "If we had sequenced the cDNAs and not the genome, we would not have any of this in blue.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00480-00182759-00183286": "Understanding non-coding, RNA genes with DNA protein interactions, regulation, disease-causing", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00481-00183286-00183723": "mutations except in the cDNAs, and the higher order structure.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00482-00183723-00184163": "That's a huge amount of research that has already passed since then, which really arose", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00483-00184163-00184644": "from the determination to decide to do the entire genome and to invest in it.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00484-00184644-00185158": "I've mentioned already the advantages of waiting for a new, not waiting for a new technology.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00485-00185158-00185638": "We captured the advantage of clone-based continuity and the accuracy.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00486-00185638-00186087": "And also, as I'll show -- but later, this was the very foundation for new technologies", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00487-00186087-00186199": "to be successful.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00488-00186199-00186414": "And I'll explain what that means a bit later.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00489-00186414-00186910": "Third, the international consortium -- can't underestimate the success of the model for", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00490-00186910-00187185": "sharing consensus, standards, discipline.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00491-00187185-00187334": "It wasn't easy.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00492-00187334-00187795": "It was a pretty tough -- to be part of these consortia -- but it made a model for the HapMap", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00493-00187795-00188310": "and the SNIP consortium that followed, and provided a level of social engagement and", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00494-00188310-00188854": "economy, and to create the public data release policy.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00495-00188854-00189450": "Looked at from other pairs of eyes, this remarkable one, back in '98, which I have to share -- Matt", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00496-00189450-00189618": "Ridley really is something of a visionary.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00497-00189618-00189847": "He's a journalist.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00498-00189847-00190211": "Medicine we no longer treat the population, we start to treat the individual.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00499-00190211-00190921": "The seeds of personalized medicine were really here in this document.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00500-00190921-00191266": "Far-reaching impacts taken up by the other national dailies are indeed the same one:", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00501-00191266-00191707": "what it is to be human was, quite simply -- what on earth are we looking at?", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00502-00191707-00192127": "The challenges of clinical interpretation are, perhaps, indeed the medical -- the training", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00503-00192127-00192397": "of the medical professional to understand genomes.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00504-00192397-00192540": "Sorry, I'm not a genius.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00505-00192540-00192907": "I was holding your genetic map upside down.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00506-00192907-00193207": "Question interpretation remains unresolved.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00507-00193207-00193612": "And the predictor of genetic information -- I really thought this one was going to be right.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00508-00193612-00194124": "Now we'll be able to live to 150 and still never see a Brit win Wimbledon.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00509-00194124-00194224": "[laughter]", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00510-00194224-00194721": "Thankfully, Ani Mari [spelled phonetically] proved us wrong, back in 2012.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00511-00194721-00195039": "So we have some milestones, and I'm just going to give one slide, I think, on each of the", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00512-00195039-00195608": "next three just to provide the continuity before I move on to new technology in the", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00513-00195608-00196094": "more recent implications of the journey from the human genome.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00514-00196094-00196415": "But these were the immediate projects that really started from it.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00515-00196415-00196917": "From looking at a sequence of bases to identifying points that were varied in different populations", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00516-00196917-00197376": "through the SNIP map to then beginning to collapse the information to blocks, haplo", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00517-00197376-00197866": "types that made sense and beginning to condense the genome again into more manageable proportions", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00518-00197866-00198011": "for genetic studies.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00519-00198011-00198555": "And then, of course, associating a subset of those blocks with actual associations with", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00520-00198555-00198876": "disease through GUR studies.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00521-00198876-00199313": "All to say about the SNIP consortium, it's been quite well-documented.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00522-00199313-00199749": "But it was an international public/private partnership, which took some time to set up.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00523-00199749-00200302": "And then became, essentially, an international academic network for data generation.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00524-00200302-00200924": "And very importantly, data coordination from Lincoln Stein leading the center at Cold Spring", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00525-00200924-00201024": "Harbor.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00526-00201024-00201554": "One of the key things about this project was the goal was set at 300,000 SNIPs.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00527-00201554-00201762": "The result was 1.42 million.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00528-00201762-00202291": "That's one of those under-budget and -- whatever it is -- overachieving that Francis so often", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00529-00202291-00202512": "quotes and aspires to.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00530-00202512-00203139": "But how is it done when it started before the genome with reduced representation strategy,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00531-00203139-00203727": "where we isolated restriction fragment populations to sample the genome at discreet points based", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00532-00203727-00203899": "on the same-size fragment?", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00533-00203899-00204258": "And then sequenced to try to then focus the depth of sequence in certain areas.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00534-00204258-00204616": "And what you see is what we got there -- in that there are a few places where the reads", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00535-00204616-00204987": "pile up enough to identify SNIPs, and we recorded them.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00536-00204987-00205119": "And that was it.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00537-00205119-00205419": "That was the goal for 300,000 SNIPs.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00538-00205419-00205866": "But particularly a strategy which I like to credit Jim Mullikan for really driving.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00539-00205866-00206239": "I'm sorry Jim's not here today, but I saw him last night.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00540-00206239-00206781": "But as the draft genome was emerging, we moved from a pre-genome to a post-genome strategy,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00541-00206781-00206967": "and we took all the data and aligned it to the genome.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00542-00206967-00207383": "And of course, it then immediately pulled out all the other SNIPs in the single reads", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00543-00207383-00207527": "that until then had been orphaned.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00544-00207527-00207940": "And in a bigger way, this was the concept that John Sulston really advanced.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00545-00207940-00208454": "The human genome by its continuity will draw together all of the biological information", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00546-00208454-00209065": "that has sequence attached to it, and therefore will actually give a much more complete picture.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00547-00209065-00209703": "But to have it happen so rapidly and so quantitatively -- a fourfold improvement for probably a few", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00548-00209703-00210321": "nights of analysis from Jim -- but realizing the value of the genome to make more of the", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00549-00210321-00210571": "result was a phenomenal outcome for the SNIP consortium.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00550-00210571-00211171": "Again, I'm not going to say much about that HapMap project, except to comment on a very", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00551-00211171-00211821": "complex organization, some 50 groups at this point brought in just to phase one, to take", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00552-00211821-00212431": "the snips or a subset that were from the SNIP consortium and use them now in multiple populations,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00553-00212431-00212973": "not just the Europeans, but the Arubans, Chinese and Japanese groups as well, even in phase", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00554-00212973-00213073": "one.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00555-00213073-00213464": "And this project really took off to a much bigger study beyond the phase one that I was", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00556-00213464-00213866": "involved in, and is published in a series of articles.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00557-00213866-00214348": "But it all led to this continued -- this condensation of the genome into a simpler pattern of haploid", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00558-00214348-00214461": "type blocks.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00559-00214461-00214891": "And this is illustrated, actually, best, I think, in the commentary of the time by Svante", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00560-00214891-00215481": "Pääbo, who illustrated the population pool, and individuals drawn from the pool to take", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00561-00215481-00215704": "particular combinations of those haplo-type blocks.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00562-00215704-00216327": "And we should consider the genome as a mosaic of these discrete segments, which really illustrated", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00563-00216327-00216827": "our entire history and current relationships.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00564-00216827-00217194": "One part of HapMap was community engagement, and I saw Charles Rotimi, I'm delighted to", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00565-00217194-00217648": "see he's here, and I hope he remembers this wonderful time when I got involved in the", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00566-00217648-00217964": "community engagement process just peripherally with the Maasai.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00567-00217964-00218330": "And another very interesting feature here -- it was a delicate process, actually, to", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00568-00218330-00218607": "engage and have their permission to go out to the village.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00569-00218607-00219153": "It was broken by a local doctor, clinician, Duncan Nighari [spelled phonetically].", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00570-00219153-00219436": "And then the children, of course, always steal the show.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00571-00219436-00219753": "And the children had never seen photographs, I don't think, but they certainly had never", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00572-00219753-00220142": "seen photographs of themselves coming out of the back of the camera.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00573-00220142-00220721": "And this was the digital age arriving to a village near them, deep in Kenya.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00574-00220721-00221452": "And finally, one point about moving for the Wellcome Trust case controlled consortium,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00575-00221452-00221909": "this is moving from now a HapMap project to applying for case control studies.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00576-00221909-00222240": "And here in particular, this -- one of the big transitions here, which I was very conscious", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00577-00222240-00222831": "of -- this was a transition for an international to a national consortium.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00578-00222831-00223309": "And a remarkably interesting combination of clinical and genomic and statistical individuals.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00579-00223309-00223714": "And the other important thing about this, perhaps, was the concept that the traditional", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00580-00223714-00224161": "case control study takes 2,000 cases and 2,000 matched controls.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00581-00224161-00224325": "And the matching is important.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00582-00224325-00224800": "And you look for associations that are particular to the cases and absent from the controls,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00583-00224800-00225154": "or allele frequencies, which are higher or lower.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00584-00225154-00225280": "Higher in one than the other.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00585-00225280-00225721": "And in particular, the concept here was to use common controls, which of course could", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00586-00225721-00226053": "go much further if you actually included, in this case, 3,000 blood donors, into the", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00587-00226053-00226153": "collection.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00588-00226153-00226694": "And actually, they served as controls for all the other studies, and they proved to", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00589-00226694-00226901": "be remarkably successful strategy.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00590-00226901-00227394": "It also really helped, I think, to fuel the concept of biobanking and having collections", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00591-00227394-00227613": "of samples that have long-term value.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00592-00227613-00228113": "It's not just collect it, investigate and then publish and finish.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00593-00228113-00228575": "And this, for me, is the most compelling figure today, even: the Manhattan plot, I don't know", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00594-00228575-00229042": "where it started, but certainly this was remarkable, in one figure looking at seven disease studies", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00595-00229042-00229259": "and summarizing a complete genome.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00596-00229259-00229807": "This is a whole genome for each of these cases, association studies and significant associations", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00597-00229807-00230406": "within that, which really illustrated for me the outcome, if you will, of much of the", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00598-00230406-00230506": "work that had gone before.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00599-00230506-00231030": "We were now luring difficult common disease association loci onto the genome.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00600-00231030-00231452": "I'm just going to switch gears now, because this was one of the last very important things", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00601-00231452-00232023": "that happened back in 2004, was actually pressured by Chris Gunter, who is the biology editor", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00602-00232023-00232431": "of Nature, to consider about genomes being used a bit further on.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00603-00232431-00232758": "And this came up how personal genome information will be used.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00604-00232758-00233134": "Now, the top left is the entire program we've talked about so far.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00605-00233134-00233769": "And the bottom left is a distillation of the data to illustrate what is clinically relevant,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00606-00233769-00234217": "the causal variants, what's known about them, selected risk information, which could be", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00607-00234217-00234621": "brought together, layered on again to a personal sequence.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00608-00234621-00235238": "And this, of course, is one of the great stimulating thoughts that were going on in 2004, 2005.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00609-00235238-00235623": "There was now stimulated by the question of a new technology or some way of actually taking", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00610-00235623-00236240": "this very public, very detailed, very sophisticated body of research knowledge and actually applying", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00611-00236240-00236556": "it to people, to individuals.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00612-00236556-00236906": "Getting right back to that first hemophilia B example I showed you, how could this become", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00613-00236906-00237007": "relevant to people?", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00614-00237007-00237590": "And that, of course, from them on really began to fuel a lot of my thinking.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00615-00237590-00238092": "And so I'd like to move on now to new technology, and very quickly give you something of the", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00616-00238092-00238321": "flavor of new technology.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00617-00238321-00238996": "Back in 1998, which was before the human genome was really -- the draft was just about, let's", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00618-00238996-00239309": "see -- getting not complete, but at a rather early stage.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00619-00239309-00239590": "Probably a third of the genome, or something.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00620-00239590-00240029": "We were shown this picture, two of us: Richard Durbin and I were shown this picture of what", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00621-00240029-00240526": "were purportedly single molecules attached to a surface that he felt might be useful", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00622-00240526-00240784": "for some form of polymerase-based assay.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00623-00240784-00241182": "Now, we had no idea whether there was a single molecule or not, but the evidence is on the", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00624-00241182-00241621": "right that if you look at bleaching, you see a stepwise process.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00625-00241621-00241939": "When one molecule has one fluorescent dye, it bleaches.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00626-00241939-00242411": "It's gone, and you actually see these things blinking or blinking out.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00627-00242411-00242829": "And you can actually see then examples of molar dispersion, the single molecules and", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00628-00242829-00243167": "the few which had two or three molecules superimposed.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00629-00243167-00243617": "And this was actually the concept that started Solexa.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00630-00243617-00243923": "We brainstormed a little bit about what could be done with this.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00631-00243923-00244190": "We weren't really sure was there a need?", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00632-00244190-00244408": "And sure enough, of course, there was.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00633-00244408-00244880": "Fast forward about five years, this was an astonishing [unintelligible] graph that appeared", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00634-00244880-00245263": "on desks just the day I was visiting as a consultant to Solexa.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00635-00245263-00245707": "And this demonstrated they had put together a chemistry with reversible terminators and", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00636-00245707-00246308": "an enzyme that would actually look at these terminators to incorporate, step-by-step,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00637-00246308-00246808": "twenty bases in an entirely base-specific way with very little residue, a very efficient", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00638-00246808-00247038": "chemistry on day one.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00639-00247038-00247358": "This was the kind of experiment that took about 14 hours to do.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00640-00247358-00247811": "And I don't know how many of you all go this far back, but I had a Ph.D. student who manually", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00641-00247811-00248041": "did PCR before the polymer-stable polymerase.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00642-00248041-00248521": "And he had to do it from 10 at night to about 7 in the morning.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00643-00248521-00248763": "And this was a similar kind of experiment.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00644-00248763-00249246": "She dumped the autoradiograph on the table and said, \"I'm not doing that one again.\"", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00645-00249246-00249403": "She didn't have to.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00646-00249403-00249665": "This was the essence of SBS.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00647-00249665-00250089": "So here's the summary of the technology, and on the top right of those arrays, now turned", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00648-00250089-00250450": "into single molecules which are now amplified, but in situ.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00649-00250450-00250669": "They're amplified, but they're still single molecule arrays.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00650-00250669-00250789": "They're still clonal.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00651-00250789-00251226": "So here they are very genuinely replacing cloning, but still allowing this amplification", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00652-00251226-00251369": "of template.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00653-00251369-00251865": "On the right is the reversible terminated chemistry -- very innovative synthetic chemistry.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00654-00251865-00252103": "The bottom left illustrates the one set of paired reads.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00655-00252103-00252253": "I'll share that again in a second.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00656-00252253-00252521": "On the bottom right is the whole image data collection.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00657-00252521-00252942": "Now, the optics inside the box and the ability to take many, many thousands of photographs", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00658-00252942-00253544": "and, nowadays, millions to actually capture in this case, the same cluster, about a micron", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00659-00253544-00253894": "across, which changes color in accordance with the base sequence.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00660-00253894-00254275": "And once again, we're beginning to put together a continuity of the bases in the DNA.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00661-00254275-00254852": "But now in very short fragments in a step-wise manner, as illustrated in the previous [unintelligible]", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00662-00254852-00254980": "graph.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00663-00254980-00255088": "This was the first box.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00664-00255088-00255373": "I think it was maybe the second or third.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00665-00255373-00255900": "And the only reason to share this, this was developed in 2006, and this was at a time", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00666-00255900-00256528": "when the NHGRI Genome Centers were going through their renewal.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00667-00256528-00256889": "And clearly, there was a lot of thought about new technology, and that was an important", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00668-00256889-00257363": "feather to have in your cap when you were actually going for renewal.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00669-00257363-00257619": "This is one notable center.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00670-00257619-00258292": "Not mentioning names, it was the most northeastern of them in the U.S. Have you gotten a phone", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00671-00258292-00259096": "call with the P.I. in question who was noted in the Human Genome Program?", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00672-00259096-00259257": "And I'm assuming, you know, it's not really ready.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00673-00259257-00259808": "You know, it's not, you know, it's with signs of signals working, and we're not sure it", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00674-00259808-00260134": "really works reliably enough for you.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00675-00260134-00260528": "And so the response down the phone came, \"Send it anyway.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00676-00260528-00260792": "I don't care if it works, just send it.\"", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00677-00260792-00261228": "And, in fact, remarkably, it did work.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00678-00261228-00261619": "But it was just that timing was kind of perfect.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00679-00261619-00261916": "So the concept of short reads remained a mystery to many people.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00680-00261916-00262317": "But this is where, again, the human genome played an enormous part and an impact, where", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00681-00262317-00262652": "once you have a known sequence, you can align very short reads.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00682-00262652-00263012": "You can remove the ones that have ambiguous locations, and you end up with a high fraction", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00683-00263012-00263235": "of genome built through a consensus.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00684-00263235-00263701": "Add in the paired reads on top of that, and you now have two chances to align a read.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00685-00263701-00264081": "And here, you don't have to remove the ones in the repeat, and that actually increases", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00686-00264081-00264201": "the coverage.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00687-00264201-00264669": "Something which looked good on paper, but over the course of the next few months proved", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00688-00264669-00265145": "itself to be pretty much right, and this was the basis on which we went for a human genome.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00689-00265145-00265472": "And I show this because there were a number of human genomes that were well-known from", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00690-00265472-00265572": "the HapMap.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00691-00265572-00266127": "And actually, Francis and Eric and Jim Mullikin were all involved in actually the optimal", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00692-00266127-00266633": "choice of a genome, which powerfully, thanks to Charles Rotimi, I felt also had to be an", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00693-00266633-00267024": "African genome because there weren't African genomes really focused on the same way.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00694-00267024-00267504": "So we wanted to complement what else was going on and actually sequence a genome of a Yoruba", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00695-00267504-00267773": "from Ibadan, Nigeria.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00696-00267773-00268031": "This was the anatomy of the genome.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00697-00268031-00268464": "Deep consensus -- I won't go into the numbers, but we were looking at structure of variance", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00698-00268464-00268843": "within this genome and, very importantly, assembling novel pieces of genome that were", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00699-00268843-00269018": "not in the reference.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00700-00269018-00269408": "So the blue are the aligned reads, and the red are assembled reads across new areas that", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00701-00269408-00269880": "were not in the reference, and this really illustrated the concept of getting into the", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00702-00269880-00270055": "genome.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00703-00270055-00270686": "This was published in Nature alongside a tumor-normal pair from Washington University, from Tim", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00704-00270686-00271028": "Layital [spelled phonetically] and Elaine Mardis and Rick Wilson.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00705-00271028-00271408": "And also alongside a genome of an Asian individual.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00706-00271408-00271578": "All are the same assumed nature.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00707-00271578-00272006": "And if you recall, a few slides ago I was talking about where Chris Gunter was pushing", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00708-00272006-00272286": "my thinking in terms of personal genomes.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00709-00272286-00272911": "To my astonishment, the -- from Nature, the front page of Nature picked it up and provided", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00710-00272911-00273300": "this very provocative cover, which I didn't really even fully get for a few minutes until", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00711-00273300-00273400": "I saw.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00712-00273400-00273918": "The original draft sequence cover was in this -- safety contained in the \"break glass when", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00713-00273918-00274048": "ready\".", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00714-00274048-00274215": "But are we ready?", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00715-00274215-00274646": "And suddenly our life is in our hands once we let this genie out of the bottles and genomes", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00716-00274646-00274807": "become for everyone.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00717-00274807-00275253": "And it was the dawn of the personal genome age really brought it in front of us -- quite", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00718-00275253-00275906": "literally, in front of our noses by nature themselves.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00719-00275906-00276335": "Another paradigm I just want to mention briefly is, shortly after this, and I guess it was", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00720-00276335-00276845": "probably a year after this, Marco Marra, who I think spoke to you recently, although I", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00721-00276845-00277318": "gather from VideoLink -- busy man -- actually provided this.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00722-00277318-00277654": "He said he'd tell us a story about can [spelled phonetically] sequencing form therapy, and", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00723-00277654-00278319": "this was a case of secondary metastases from a cancer which he sequenced genome and transcriptome", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00724-00278319-00278782": "and showed exactly why the existing drug didn't work -- because the mutations were in the", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00725-00278782-00279368": "target, identified a pathway that was knocked out in 17 different ways or disrupted in 17", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00726-00279368-00279716": "different ways by what he had observed from the sequence data.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00727-00279716-00280193": "And furthermore, identified another drug, which is FDA-approved already and could be", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00728-00280193-00280314": "immediately used.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00729-00280314-00280859": "And this absolutely was tailored medicine, personalized medicine, exactly the illustration", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00730-00280859-00281238": "of the concept that Matt Ridley had written in, I think, the Daily Telegraph some years", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00731-00281238-00281355": "before.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00732-00281355-00281846": "And this was a real eye-opener for me in a very big way and published somewhat later", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00733-00281846-00282020": "on by Steve Jones, et.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00734-00282020-00282335": "al., from Marco's group.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00735-00282335-00282681": "So now we add two more milestones to the summary.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00736-00282681-00283300": "Personal genome sequencing has been illustrated and genome sequencing can improve therapy.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00737-00283300-00283803": "This is really why I wanted to move to the final piece of my presentation to illustrate", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00738-00283803-00284229": "where things are going now, which is, if you will, our own contributions to what the future", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00739-00284229-00284498": "of health care might look like.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00740-00284498-00285009": "Just to reiterate this slide, which had come from 2004, I added two important areas that", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00741-00285009-00285133": "I probably should have added earlier.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00742-00285133-00285290": "How do others benefit after this?", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00743-00285290-00285731": "And the answer is by doing that, that the actual outcome is from every clinical decision,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00744-00285731-00286464": "and each individual sequence should be fed back in some way to the community.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00745-00286464-00286933": "So the main thing was to start on the process of getting individuals supported by the genome,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00746-00286933-00287570": "and this is a fast genetic diagnosis where an individual undiagnosed condition -- actually,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00747-00287570-00288009": "we can do a whole genome in four days and get the answer back by filtering an apparently", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00748-00288009-00288584": "inordinate number of variants that might be relevant very quickly down to six or to one.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00749-00288584-00289121": "And indeed, to illustrate that once the genome had spoken and revealed the mutation in question,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00750-00289121-00289670": "then it is possible to actually confirm the diagnosis by working in tandem with the clinical", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00751-00289670-00289770": "observation.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00752-00289770-00290265": "So the genome and the clinical observations come together to give a convincing picture", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00753-00290265-00290446": "that this is a mutation of relevance.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00754-00290446-00290846": "And, of course, one of the reasons it is relevant is you can look at all the previous examples", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00755-00290846-00291246": "in this gene most previously known to disrupt cofometabolism [spelled phonetically], which", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00756-00291246-00291810": "is extremely relevant to the diagnosis which is eventually made, which is Menkes disease.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00757-00291810-00292202": "The same thing was true of cancer, and this is quite simply a re-run of Marco.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00758-00292202-00292318": "This is in the U.K.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00759-00292318-00292743": "And the reason I'm showing this will become evident in the next slide, I think.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00760-00292743-00292959": "But this was a glioblastoma not responding.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00761-00292959-00293338": "We sequenced the three biopsies and gave the answer back in ten days.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00762-00293338-00294065": "And just as before, a few CNVs in this case hit the same pathway and disrupted it in multiple", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00763-00294065-00294514": "ways to actually indicate that there was a highly disrupted signaling pathway.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00764-00294514-00294941": "And not only that, but once again there were actually no less than three drugs that could", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00765-00294941-00295498": "hit this pathway and were potentially of relevance to the non-responder who is still in the clinic", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00766-00295498-00295638": "recovering from the surgery.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00767-00295638-00296060": "And so this is really a home-grown example of our getting back to the U.K. now for a", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00768-00296060-00296275": "moment, thanks to Marco's paradigm.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00769-00296275-00297002": "I try to illustrate what was going to -- what was being talked about in the U.K.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00770-00297002-00297371": "So one other collaboration that's important, and this is where really we get to the momentum", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00771-00297371-00297479": "of setting up something.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00772-00297479-00297692": "Is this really going to happen?", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00773-00297692-00297917": "Many of the thought leaders were involved in collaborations.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00774-00297917-00298408": "This is a collaboration involving 500 genomes, which actually on Mendelian cases revealed", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00775-00298408-00298799": "34 percent success rate in identifying mutations.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00776-00298799-00299326": "And if you include the parents way, you can increase the power to detect de novos, potentially", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00777-00299326-00299834": "dominant mutations, and compound het's and recessives, then actually over half the cases", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00778-00299834-00299998": "were actually successfully interpreted.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00779-00299998-00300400": "And again, essentially a few-day turnaround, but if these -- some of these ran long because", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00780-00300400-00300685": "it was a research program, which started early.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00781-00300685-00301104": "But nevertheless, the concept of turning from the anecdote to the small cohort, then asking,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00782-00301104-00301434": "\"Is this now viable for a larger-scale study?\"", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00783-00301434-00301677": "I was clearly part of this collaboration.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00784-00301677-00302204": "And those thought leaders, John Bell among them, were actually then present in a remarkable", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00785-00302204-00302304": "event.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00786-00302304-00302615": "And I thought the Olympics was about sport and athletics and things like that.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00787-00302615-00303055": "It turns out the Olympics is just as much about business summits and looking at the", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00788-00303055-00303155": "future.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00789-00303155-00303691": "And so I gave my slides to the organizers of this business summit, and they came back", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00790-00303691-00304306": "covered in union jacks, which once again reflects on the continuing national spirit within the", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00791-00304306-00304441": "U.K.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00792-00304441-00304849": "And I was left with only two-thirds of the slide area to actually put data on.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00793-00304849-00305266": "I said I would never show these slides again, but I used to take some pleasure in sharing", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00794-00305266-00305366": "the joke.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00795-00305366-00305921": "At least, I hope it's a joke because I certainly wouldn't put the union jacks there if I were", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00796-00305921-00306021": "me.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00797-00306021-00306309": "But you can see some of the slides I already showed you turning up and once again, the", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00798-00306309-00306647": "thought leaders were there chattering in the audience, saying, \"You know, we could really", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00799-00306647-00306800": "do this.\"", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00800-00306800-00307198": "And so it proved, and then cutting the story short, if you will.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00801-00307198-00307760": "The inception of the 100,000 Genomes Project at 2012, at the Olympics, David Cameron, the", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00802-00307760-00308172": "Prime Minister, if we could get this right, we could transform how we diagnose and treat", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00803-00308172-00308579": "our most complex diseases, not only here but across the world.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00804-00308579-00309056": "And so here again was a national organization, but I think in a different way reaching out", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00805-00309056-00309524": "hopefully to the concert to the international relationship, diseases being the same the", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00806-00309524-00309913": "world over -- apologies -- the infectious diseases, of course, in the developing-world", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00807-00309913-00310082": "countries are a much bigger health burden.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00808-00310082-00310635": "But the cause of a particular disease can be the same across the world.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00809-00310635-00311148": "Also very important -- and David Cameron, he's not a geneticist, he's not a doctor,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00810-00311148-00311553": "but it's amazing what individual chances happen.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00811-00311553-00312085": "And David Cameron's elder son actually died of a rare and undiagnosed genetic disease,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00812-00312085-00312493": "so he knew from a parent point of view what this was all about, and I think that helped", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00813-00312493-00312813": "hugely in short-cutting much of the communication.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00814-00312813-00313208": "Two years later, we actually signed the deal.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00815-00313208-00313685": "And, of course, the newspapers once again blew it up out of all proportion and said", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00816-00313685-00314077": "English patients are set for 300,000 million pounds genetic revolution.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00817-00314077-00314555": "To this day, I'm struggling to know how they put 300 million together in the arithmetic.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00818-00314555-00315007": "But anyway, I've left out a lot of building up to the whole process, but what I would", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00819-00315007-00315499": "like to say is that by this time, of course, we had launched the system, which is about", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00820-00315499-00315941": "a thousand-dollar genome, and you can argue what about the indirect costs and it doesn't", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00821-00315941-00316446": "really work that efficiently in many organizations because you can't get the sample supply.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00822-00316446-00316961": "Nevertheless, that whole last technology development only happened because of conversations like", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00823-00316961-00317163": "this to identify the need.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00824-00317163-00317338": "It really is -- it's another partnership.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00825-00317338-00317777": "It's a public-private partnership, not just to do the project, but going back two years", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00826-00317777-00318203": "to decide whether to do the project and what it would need.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00827-00318203-00318764": "So the goals are summarized on the right and you can read them to benefit patients, to", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00828-00318764-00319380": "create a transparent program to kick-start the collection of data on cancer and rare", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00829-00319380-00319747": "genetic disease in a secure manner.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00830-00319747-00320229": "And just to illustrate the progress, some 13,000 samples have been delivered to date", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00831-00320229-00320480": "at a [unintelligible]-built facility.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00832-00320480-00320890": "Coming back home, this laboratory, it's a Luminol lab, but it's actually in Hingston,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00833-00320890-00321070": "and so it benefits from the genome campus.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00834-00321070-00321406": "Indeed, it was funded by the Wellcome Trust.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00835-00321406-00321781": "This actually -- infrastructure and the various contributors to the program are acknowledged", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00836-00321781-00322348": "in the relevant logos at the bottom.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00837-00322348-00322591": "My last data slide -- so I wasn't supposed to say data, was I?", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00838-00322591-00323083": "But anyway, a data slide -- just some recently-solved cases coming back over here to the U.S.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00839-00323083-00323541": "And this illustrates perhaps an important element of the whole genome and whole exome,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00840-00323541-00323646": "for that matter.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00841-00323646-00324226": "But the hypothesis-free search finds answers where you don't expect to find them.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00842-00324226-00324894": "It also now finds mutations and causes of disease which involve complex mutations, CNVs,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00843-00324894-00325002": "very much part of the story.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00844-00325002-00325571": "And these are clues to how we can now move from the 34 percent successful diagnosis or", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00845-00325571-00325767": "the 57 percent diagnosis.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00846-00325767-00326106": "What is it that stops us getting to 100 percent successful diagnoses?", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00847-00326106-00326731": "And among other things, heterogenetic clinical observations and so on and so forth, are actually", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00848-00326731-00326949": "-- it's rooted in the genome, once again.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00849-00326949-00327370": "There are complex variants that are relevant, and this is illustrated, perhaps even more", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00850-00327370-00327988": "importantly, in this last case, where our investigators in my San Diego lab, she looked", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00851-00327988-00328470": "very hard and found this mutation -- tempting mutation in the top haplotype.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00852-00328470-00328609": "But they couldn't at the time.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00853-00328609-00328940": "CNV detection wasn't really there or thereabouts yet.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00854-00328940-00329443": "But actually, on closer examination, finding a CNV in the other haplotype revealed this", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00855-00329443-00329824": "to be a compound heterozygote and results in a diagnosis that had been waiting most", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00856-00329824-00330645": "of the 16 years of this child's life resolved as a result of this particular test.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00857-00330645-00331066": "So summarizing where this is leading us at the moment, and this is something which, I", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00858-00331066-00331189": "am sure, is on many slides.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00859-00331189-00331774": "I think it applies to the embracing of the concept of precision medicine.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00860-00331774-00332435": "It starts with the patient, and here is a timeline over the life of a patient to illustrate", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00861-00332435-00332673": "the clinical observations along the top.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00862-00332673-00333163": "This is, unfortunately, a cancer patient who suffers a prolonged struggle to cancer before", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00863-00333163-00333263": "dying.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00864-00333263-00333585": "But on the bottom is a series of measurements that can be taken throughout the life of the", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00865-00333585-00333838": "patient, many of which have already been taken.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00866-00333838-00334356": "But these arrows in particular refer to the opportunity for intervening to look at sequence", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00867-00334356-00334726": "information that may be relevant to correlate with the clinical information.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00868-00334726-00335039": "So it's not a static one off patient get a genome.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00869-00335039-00335554": "It's how do we much more fully integrate sequence information and genomics and ultimately the", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00870-00335554-00336268": "information from the genome into managing and understanding better this patient's condition,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00871-00336268-00336554": "both in a reactive and indeed a proactive way.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00872-00336554-00337078": "There's some pre-symptomatic screening there in the blue arrows and we collect sequence", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00873-00337078-00337178": "information.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00874-00337178-00337667": "And so, once again, in a third or fourth way perhaps now, this really is -- the genome", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00875-00337667-00337767": "is for life.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00876-00337767-00337970": "This genome is this person's genome.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00877-00337970-00338230": "There is somatic mutations in this person's genome.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00878-00338230-00338679": "But they go throughout this person's life, the [unintelligible] line and the somatic", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00879-00338679-00339100": "mutation profiles in order to really -- but then they're telling us something.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00880-00339100-00339600": "They really are providing some beacons about this individual: their response to drugs,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00881-00339600-00339944": "the possibility that they might acquire a particular condition, their risk susceptibility", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00882-00339944-00340192": "at birth, and so on and so forth.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00883-00340192-00340661": "And once again, if all this information is not left to die in a clinical archive, it", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00884-00340661-00340822": "becomes part of a knowledge base.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00885-00340822-00341316": "It's supports both research and the decision either about that patient or, or course, about", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00886-00341316-00341428": "patients in the future.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00887-00341428-00341700": "And that really is, I think, the twofold vision.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00888-00341700-00342073": "I just came back to summarize at the end the four goals.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00889-00342073-00342832": "I hope I've covered something of this remarkable journey with you and shared some of the perspectives", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00890-00342832-00343028": "from it.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00891-00343028-00343229": "They weren't all, of course, drawn up on day one.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00892-00343229-00343711": "These have emerged over the course of the journey, but clearly have been a remarkable", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00893-00343711-00344167": "thread and ability to gradually develop a better vision, a better view of what needs", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00894-00344167-00344267": "to be done.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00895-00344267-00344739": "I can't do acknowledgements, of course, really because there are so many, many people, including", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00896-00344739-00345127": "collaborators and many of them here and all over the world.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00897-00345127-00345603": "What I would like to do is to give you a little insight into my current research group who", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00898-00345603-00346193": "are very active in some of the most recent research and at a recent scientific conference", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00899-00346193-00346583": "in [unintelligible].", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00900-00346583-00346706": "Thank you very much.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00901-00346706-00346808": "[applause].", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00902-00346808-00347322": "Male Speaker: Thank you, David.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00903-00347322-00347925": "People, please come to the microphones and either -- I ought to ask questions.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00904-00347925-00348070": "Let me start off and ask the first one.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00905-00348070-00348656": "Do you -- I found it rather ironic that you talked early on about the raging debate at", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00906-00348656-00349182": "the time of the genome project's start about the value of the whole genome versus CDNA.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00907-00349182-00349671": "And in some ways, that's now reverberating currently with lots of discussion around whole", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00908-00349671-00349818": "genome sequencing, whole exome sequencing.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00909-00349818-00350083": "You want to comment sort of on that historic irony.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00910-00350083-00350529": "It seems like, did we not learn our lesson or -- people who are digging their heels in", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00911-00350529-00350791": "and pushing for whole-exome approaches only.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00912-00350791-00351167": "David Bentley: It's suddenly a historic irony.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00913-00351167-00351303": "I'm not sure we didn't learn the lesson.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00914-00351303-00351662": "I think it's a different lesson or a more complex lesson.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00915-00351662-00352027": "It is one thing to characterize once and for all a reference that is going to support everything", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00916-00352027-00352420": "possible in the future with a strong emphasis on discovery.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00917-00352420-00352848": "It is another to decide what information you need in order to make progress in the medical", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00918-00352848-00353015": "care of an individual.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00919-00353015-00353435": "And so if you choose to think the answer is in the exome, if you've previously done 100", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00920-00353435-00353836": "and you're pretty sure where you're going to look, then that really -- it already transforms", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00921-00353836-00354451": "diagnosis from a few percent before exomes to 25 percent, 30 percent with exomes.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00922-00354451-00354945": "That's a massive win for the patient and indeed for translational research, as well.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00923-00354945-00355198": "What I've always tended to do is to try and look beyond that.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00924-00355198-00355520": "Well, that's all very well, but what about the other 70 percent?", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00925-00355520-00356000": "And that's where we do a lot of comparisons ourselves and others with exome versus genome.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00926-00356000-00356604": "And in fact, a particular feature now is to take exome patients when no results have been", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00927-00356604-00357038": "found for the exome and reflex into a whole genome to see if they can teach us more.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00928-00357038-00357265": "And two things happen.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00929-00357265-00357426": "One -- three things happen.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00930-00357426-00357652": "The first is -- I remember three.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00931-00357652-00358048": "The first is that you can find variants you can't find with the exome, or not easily.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00932-00358048-00358455": "You get better coverage with the exome than the genome and more of the structural variants", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00933-00358455-00358638": "are easier to find.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00934-00358638-00359192": "The second thing, actually, is that the -- I'm only going to get to two.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00935-00359192-00359328": "I've forgotten the third one.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00936-00359328-00359787": "The second one, though, is quite simply it is technically much easier to do a genome.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00937-00359787-00360056": "There is no amplification in a PCR-free system.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00938-00360056-00360185": "And think about that.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00939-00360185-00360749": "The GC-rich -- oh, the promoters and other things tend to get lost in amplification.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00940-00360749-00361200": "And so every other protocol for genomes relies on amplification, whereas the whole genome", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00941-00361200-00361300": "does not.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00942-00361300-00361490": "And so these are simple in a sense.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00943-00361490-00362130": "Of course, you want to do the best for every patient, but it's costly and it takes time,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00944-00362130-00362521": "and it's too much data; and of course, that's where we're working on, trying to address", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00945-00362521-00363049": "those questions and learning because ultimately, for each patient, if I were sick I'd like", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00946-00363049-00363149": "to have a genome done.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00947-00363149-00363645": "At least, if I fell sick or something that wasn't understood, it would provide more information.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00948-00363645-00364187": "And if that appetite takes off, then back to the public-private partnership I mentioned,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00949-00364187-00364659": "if there is an appetite, the technology itself will evolve more to see what people want to", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00950-00364659-00364791": "do.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00951-00364791-00365215": "And so it's a very real and very live tension between exome and genome.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00952-00365215-00365526": "Male Speaker: Yeah, two questions.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00953-00365526-00365857": "Thank you for the wonderful lecture.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00954-00365857-00366633": "With respect to the unfulfilled promise of things or yields, 34 percent or whatever it", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00955-00366633-00367233": "is, how much do you think we have to gain from potentially a future transition -- not", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00956-00367233-00367788": "genomes aligned to reference, but actually individual de novo assemblies?", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00957-00367788-00368430": "David Bentley: I don't know, is the answer.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00958-00368430-00369070": "And I think that any de novo assembly is going to introduce new technical challenges.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00959-00369070-00369283": "There is no question about that.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00960-00369283-00369663": "If you're looking at the utopian medical tests tomorrow, yeah, I'll wait until next year.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00961-00369663-00369922": "We'll be doing over 7 million genomes.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00962-00369922-00370518": "Even if we are, we operate with a whole new complexity of unknown weaknesses -- faults", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00963-00370518-00370618": "in the system.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00964-00370618-00371104": "An importance of systems is that you have to bed them down and learn, so I think in", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00965-00371104-00371541": "pragmatic terms or practical terms, it's going to be a while, and I don't think the technology", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00966-00371541-00371780": "exists yet.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00967-00371780-00372372": "I think the other way or the other side of this coin is that it is premature to suggest", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00968-00372372-00372873": "we've got as far as we're going to with the 34 percent or whatever it is, and the next", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00969-00372873-00373290": "thing has to be the de novo assembly because we haven't.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00970-00373290-00373563": "I tried to illustrate through the CNV examples there.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00971-00373563-00373767": "We weren't detecting CNVs a few months ago.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00972-00373767-00374315": "We're not detecting them well now, but they're already making a big impact on diagnoses.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00973-00374315-00374616": "So that alone is one of the simple gains.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00974-00374616-00375158": "We have really incorporated the local de novo assembly, which I think is a much stronger", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00975-00375158-00375345": "and more immediate contribution.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00976-00375345-00375767": "So there are other ways, and the goal has to be not how do you get to a perfect genome,", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00977-00375767-00375892": "whatever that means.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00978-00375892-00376446": "The goal is how to maximize the utility for diagnosis and for the patients.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00979-00376446-00376906": "And I sense that in that sense, I think we have a long way to go in our current trajectory.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00980-00376906-00377209": "I will give one more example, so I'm taking up time here.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00981-00377209-00377802": "But a lot of people think well, we've aligned the -- that's very relevant to your question", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00982-00377802-00378152": "-- is that you take the short reads, you align them to the genome, and I've used the pairings", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00983-00378152-00378517": "and we've got longer reads and everything's great for most of the genome.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00984-00378517-00379041": "But bear in mind the complex variants are the ones that have scrambled the genome most", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00985-00379041-00379676": "and have disrupted the individual reads most and are least likely to align to the reference", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00986-00379676-00379915": "genome because they just don't exist.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00987-00379915-00380411": "So we've spent the last year -- one guy in particular has spent almost his entire year.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00988-00380411-00381161": "He's one of the ones in the guild who is actually minding the unlined reads which are all available", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00989-00381161-00381347": "in every BAM for whole genome.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00990-00381347-00381861": "And what you find there is signatures of complex structures, signatures of junction fragments.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00991-00381861-00382218": "You also -- and I didn't show you this -- you find triplet repeat expansions, which are", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00992-00382218-00382407": "completely diagnostic.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00993-00382407-00383167": "ALS, 97-98 percent sensitive unspecific and fragile X we can diagnose.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00994-00383167-00383335": "But the information's in the underlined reads.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00995-00383335-00383654": "So to some extent, this is addressed to the question of well, can I move away from the", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00996-00383654-00383754": "aligned genome?", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00997-00383754-00384109": "Well, we are, but we're just looking at the data we haven't looked at yet, and people", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00998-00384109-00384271": "haven't thought about it very much, perhaps.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-00999-00384271-00384715": "It's hard to analyze, but it's quite possible to put in all sorts of information about perhaps", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01000-00384715-00385384": "the richest, the most rearranged reads, and actually make sense of them from the existing", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01001-00385384-00385484": "technologies.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01002-00385484-00385664": "That was only the first question.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01003-00385664-00385859": "Male Speaker: The second one's the harder one.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01004-00385859-00386050": "Eric Green: I don't like the multi-part questions.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01005-00386050-00386150": "I can do them one at a time.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01006-00386150-00386339": "David Bentley: I really appreciate -- you know, I couldn't", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01007-00386339-00386451": "even remember my third point.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01008-00386451-00386602": "So two questions, I don't have a hope.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01009-00386602-00387053": "Male Speaker: So you graciously glided over some of the", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01010-00387053-00387582": "controversy in the genome project where more than a few people said it wasn't even science", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01011-00387582-00387943": "at all and it was a gross waste of money, et cetera, et cetera.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01012-00387943-00388624": "And, you know, to an extent, it is a bit of a disruptive science in that it somewhat upsets", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01013-00388624-00389321": "the apple cart with the various formal hypothesis testing mode of science that we've been used", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01014-00389321-00389421": "to.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01015-00389421-00389957": "Where do you think we are in the big picture with sort of science and then also medicine", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01016-00389957-00390794": "coming to accept the hypothesis -- not quite hypothesis for you, but not totally hypothesis-driven", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01017-00390794-00391013": "approach to science and diagnosis?", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01018-00391013-00391379": "David Bentley: So I wouldn't regard that as a big tension", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01019-00391379-00391904": "on the basis that, for a start, the genome doesn't dictate that you take a hypothesis-free", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01020-00391904-00392060": "approach.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01021-00392060-00392189": "You sequence a person's genome.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01022-00392189-00392424": "You've reduced it to really economical, quick process.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01023-00392424-00392664": "You can still ask any hypothesis you like.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01024-00392664-00392989": "You sequence a genome and ask does it have delta or 508?", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01025-00392989-00393168": "That's a very hypothesis-driven question.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01026-00393168-00393408": "There's just something different you're working with.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01027-00393408-00393823": "The great thing is, you can then, an hour later or even ten minutes later, you can ask", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01028-00393823-00393935": "another hypothesis.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01029-00393935-00394526": "You can create 10, 20, 50 different hypotheses and just press a button and answer it.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01030-00394526-00394710": "You don't have to order another single-gene test.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01031-00394710-00394895": "You don't have to order a panel.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01032-00394895-00395236": "You don't have to wish the next gene you want to ask about was on the panel.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01033-00395236-00395336": "It's all in the data.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01034-00395336-00395775": "And that is a really important element of having all the data.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01035-00395775-00396103": "That is one of the underlying precepts of the human genome as well.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01036-00396103-00396822": "So that's an important balance of not saying it is no longer a hypothesis, that we have", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01037-00396822-00397034": "to adopt a hypothesis-free approach.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01038-00397034-00397406": "I think the other thing which is touching, and I'm not sure if you're alluding to this", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01039-00397406-00397854": "or not, to be honest, but the actual debate about is it really science, going back to", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01040-00397854-00398296": "the human genome, it's not rigorous testing, and I'm not quite sure where this -- this", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01041-00398296-00398547": "question could go many ways.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01042-00398547-00398868": "But just for a moment, consider all they're doing is sequencing the genome.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01043-00398868-00399366": "That's not rigorous information in some way, but one of the key things from that very first", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01044-00399366-00399848": "light, of course, is that the DNA sequence information, it's digital, it's locked in", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01045-00399848-00400026": "the structure of the helix.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01046-00400026-00400443": "And when it is actually written down, it is unequivocally right or you can assess the", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01047-00400443-00400619": "errors and re-look at it.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01048-00400619-00400880": "It's very hard to do that with many biological measurements.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01049-00400880-00401432": "In that sense, proving the correctness of the sequence itself was something that was", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01050-00401432-00401791": "actually rather easy from the point of view of the sequence and consensus, and a lot of", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01051-00401791-00402126": "work went into accuracy and QC and so on.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01052-00402126-00402396": "And it's important to build in, again, for personal sequencing.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01053-00402396-00402593": "I appreciate that hugely.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01054-00402593-00402831": "But it's not that it's unrigorous.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01055-00402831-00403676": "The sequence does actually sort of prove the identity of the base calls in a construction", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01056-00403676-00403870": "of the sequence or the assembly of the sequence.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01057-00403870-00404446": "I don't know quite if you were going there or not, but I -- indeed he was.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01058-00404446-00404546": "Thank you, Liz.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01059-00404546-00404760": "Eric Green: Well, I think we'll stop there.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01060-00404760-00405071": "Thank you, David, for doing a perfect job wrapping up this series.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01061-00405071-00405171": "Thank you all for participating.", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01062-00405171-00405271": "[applause]", "fAIjsDxG9PE-01063-00405271-00405271": "[end of transcript]"}}, {"audio_id": "fALeGF95hgU", "text": {"fALeGF95hgU-00000-00001630-00002207": "Hi! This is Lesson 2.2 in Data Mining with Weka, and here we're going to look at training", "fALeGF95hgU-00001-00002207-00002771": "and testing in a little bit more detail.", "fALeGF95hgU-00002-00002771-00002936": "Here's a situation.", "fALeGF95hgU-00003-00002936-00003451": "We've got a machine learning algorithm, and we feed into it training data, and it produces", "fALeGF95hgU-00004-00003451-00003837": "a classifier -- a basic machine learning situation.", "fALeGF95hgU-00005-00003837-00004362": "For that classifier, we can test it with some independent test data.", "fALeGF95hgU-00006-00004362-00004982": "We can put that into the classifier and get some evaluation results, and, separately,", "fALeGF95hgU-00007-00004982-00005515": "we can deploy the classifier in some real situation to make predictions on fresh data", "fALeGF95hgU-00008-00005515-00005858": "coming from the environment.", "fALeGF95hgU-00009-00005858-00006353": "It's really important in classification, when you're looking at your evaluation results,", "fALeGF95hgU-00010-00006353-00006902": "you only get reliable evaluation results if the test data is different from the training data.", "fALeGF95hgU-00011-00007008-00007425": "That's what we're going to look at in this lesson.", "fALeGF95hgU-00012-00007425-00007909": "What if you only have one dataset? If you just have one dataset, you should divide it", "fALeGF95hgU-00013-00007909-00008068": "into two parts.", "fALeGF95hgU-00014-00008068-00008418": "Maybe use some of it for training and some of it for testing.", "fALeGF95hgU-00015-00008418-00008754": "Perhaps, 2/3rds of it for training and 1/3rd of it for testing.", "fALeGF95hgU-00016-00008754-00009236": "It's really important that the training data is different from the test data.", "fALeGF95hgU-00017-00009236-00009875": "Both training and test sets are produced by independent sampling from an infinite population.", "fALeGF95hgU-00018-00009875-00010347": "That's the basic scenario here, but they're different independent samples.", "fALeGF95hgU-00019-00010347-00010495": "It's not the same data.", "fALeGF95hgU-00020-00010495-00010947": "If it is the same data, then your evaluation results are misleading.", "fALeGF95hgU-00021-00010947-00011647": "They don't reflect what you should actually expect on new data when you deploy your classifier.", "fALeGF95hgU-00022-00011706-00012260": "Here we're going to look at the segment dataset, which we used in the last lesson.", "fALeGF95hgU-00023-00012260-00012960": "I'm going to open the segment-challenge.", "fALeGF95hgU-00024-00012975-00013263": "I'm going to use a supplied test set.", "fALeGF95hgU-00025-00013263-00013911": "First of all, I'm going to use the J48 tree learner.", "fALeGF95hgU-00026-00013911-00014153": "I'm going to use a supplied test set,", "fALeGF95hgU-00027-00014153-00014557": "and I will set it to the appropriate segment-test file, segment-test.arff.", "fALeGF95hgU-00028-00015287-00015857": "I'm going to open that. Now we've got a test set, and let's see how it does.", "fALeGF95hgU-00029-00015887-00016551": "In the last lesson, on the same data with the user classifier, I think I got 79% accuracy.", "fALeGF95hgU-00030-00016551-00016914": "J48 does much better;", "fALeGF95hgU-00031-00016914-00017598": "it gets 96% accuracy on the same test set.", "fALeGF95hgU-00032-00017598-00018067": "Suppose I was to evaluate it on the training set? I can do that by just specifying under", "fALeGF95hgU-00033-00018067-00018304": "Test options Use training set.", "fALeGF95hgU-00034-00018304-00018806": "Now it will train it again and evaluate it on the training set, which is not what you're", "fALeGF95hgU-00035-00018806-00019231": "supposed to do, because you get misleading results.", "fALeGF95hgU-00036-00019231-00019773": "Here, it's saying the accuracy is 99% on the training set.", "fALeGF95hgU-00037-00019773-00020464": "That is not representative of what we would get using this on independent data.", "fALeGF95hgU-00038-00020464-00021054": "If we had just one dataset, if we didn't have a test dataset, we could do a percentage split.", "fALeGF95hgU-00039-00021054-00021190": "Here's a percentage split.", "fALeGF95hgU-00040-00021190-00021721": "This is going to be 66% training data and 34% test data.", "fALeGF95hgU-00041-00021721-00022020": "That's going to make a random split of the dataset.", "fALeGF95hgU-00042-00022020-00022701": "If I run that, I get 95%.", "fALeGF95hgU-00043-00022701-00023016": "That's just about the same as what we got when we had an independent test set,", "fALeGF95hgU-00044-00023016-00023200": "just slightly worse.", "fALeGF95hgU-00045-00023410-00024110": "If I were to run it again, if we had a different split, we'd expect a slightly different result,", "fALeGF95hgU-00046-00024181-00024864": "but actually, I get exactly the same results, 95.098%.", "fALeGF95hgU-00047-00024864-00025471": "That's because Weka, before it does a run, it reinitializes the random number generator.", "fALeGF95hgU-00048-00025471-00025822": "The reason is to make sure that you can get repeatable results.", "fALeGF95hgU-00049-00025822-00026212": "If it didn't do that, then the results that you got would not be repeatable.", "fALeGF95hgU-00050-00026212-00026794": "However, if you wanted to have a look at the differences that you might get on different", "fALeGF95hgU-00051-00026794-00027256": "runs, then there is a way of resetting the random number between each run.", "fALeGF95hgU-00052-00027256-00027788": "We're going to look at that in the next lesson.", "fALeGF95hgU-00053-00027788-00027863": "That's this lesson.", "fALeGF95hgU-00054-00027863-00028244": "The basic assumption of machine learning is that the training and test sets are independently", "fALeGF95hgU-00055-00028244-00028672": "sampled from an infinite population, the same population.", "fALeGF95hgU-00056-00028672-00029275": "If you have just one dataset, you should hold part of it out for testing, maybe 33% as we", "fALeGF95hgU-00057-00029275-00029600": "just did or perhaps 10%.", "fALeGF95hgU-00058-00029600-00030055": "We would expect a slight variation in results each time if we hold out a different set,", "fALeGF95hgU-00059-00030055-00030566": "but Weka produces the same results each time by design by making sure it reinitializes", "fALeGF95hgU-00060-00030566-00030944": "the random number generator each time.", "fALeGF95hgU-00061-00030944-00031238": "We ran J48 on the segment-challenge dataset.", "fALeGF95hgU-00062-00031238-00031608": "If you'd like, you can go and look at the course text on", "fALeGF95hgU-00063-00031608-00031818": "Training and testing, Section 5.1,", "fALeGF95hgU-00064-00031818-00032138": "and please go and do the activity associated with this lesson.", "fALeGF95hgU-00065-00032158-00032318": "Bye for now!"}}, {"audio_id": "fANU8t1qWSE", "text": {"fANU8t1qWSE-00000-00000050-00000224": "hello!!! Welcome. This is a small bio-gas", "fANU8t1qWSE-00001-00000236-00000670": "apparatus, which tells about how biogas is prepared.  To prepare a biogas, i`ve", "fANU8t1qWSE-00002-00000690-00000996": "taken a small bottle of 500ml, and a", "fANU8t1qWSE-00003-00000996-00001358": "air tight tube and a pen cap (nib holder to be precise) which acts as a nozzle.", "fANU8t1qWSE-00004-00001384-00001554": "I`ve kept a hole here", "fANU8t1qWSE-00005-00001566-00001762": "to let the biogas to come out", "fANU8t1qWSE-00006-00001772-00001876": "to prepare a biogas", "fANU8t1qWSE-00007-00001880-00002160": "i've taken half of the bottle to the water", "fANU8t1qWSE-00008-00002160-00002276": "i.e., H20", "fANU8t1qWSE-00009-00002304-00002548": "and filled it with some cow Dung", "fANU8t1qWSE-00010-00002574-00002876": "and organic matter like onion peels, etc.....", "fANU8t1qWSE-00011-00002942-00003192": "prevent every joint with tape", "fANU8t1qWSE-00012-00003226-00003547": "to prevent escaping of biogas", "fANU8t1qWSE-00013-00003592-00003724": "now", "fANU8t1qWSE-00014-00003747-00004094": "store it in dry place from 2-3 weeks. In the mean time, the", "fANU8t1qWSE-00015-00004094-00004380": "disintegration of  organic matter takes place", "fANU8t1qWSE-00016-00004380-00004675": "i.e., cow dung and onion peels in 2-3 weeks", "fANU8t1qWSE-00017-00004676-00004990": "and you can see like this after 2-3 weeks.", "fANU8t1qWSE-00018-00005112-00005441": "In the mean time, the CO2 will be collected at the top", "fANU8t1qWSE-00019-00005441-00005705": "and reacts with H2O i.e., present upto", "fANU8t1qWSE-00020-00005705-00005987": "this level and methane gas forms", "fANU8t1qWSE-00021-00005988-00006194": "i.e.,  CH4 (Did you just realise that i said C2H4)", "fANU8t1qWSE-00022-00006196-00006523": "As being a constant volume, the pressure develops here", "fANU8t1qWSE-00023-00006524-00006840": "which is equal at the same datum level.", "fANU8t1qWSE-00025-00007080-00007356": "a nozzle is kept here, which helps", "fANU8t1qWSE-00026-00007378-00007686": "the convertion of  pressure energy to kinetic energy", "fANU8t1qWSE-00027-00007731-00008087": "and develops a fire here. so, we`ll see how it works now.", "fANU8t1qWSE-00028-00008088-00008404": "**GIBBERISH**", "fANU8t1qWSE-00029-00008764-00008908": "now see, how it works here.", "fANU8t1qWSE-00030-00008984-00009316": "now bio gas comes out of cap (nib holder)", "fANU8t1qWSE-00031-00009324-00009470": "which is acting as a nozzle", "fANU8t1qWSE-00033-00009855-00010091": "**GIBBERISH**", "fANU8t1qWSE-00034-00010161-00010463": "**MORE GIBBERISH**"}}, {"audio_id": "fAWXOkyafP8", "text": {"fAWXOkyafP8-00000-00000762-00001059": "Anthony Comegna: Antinomianism is all around us.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00001-00001059-00001748": "Its spirits and ideas permeate modern Western culture and define much of our existence.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00002-00001748-00002334": "Though they banished Anne Hutchinson, hanged Mary Dyer and orchestrated an oppressive Quasi", "fAWXOkyafP8-00003-00002334-00002476": "theocracy.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00004-00002476-00002999": "The Puritan Divines were powerless to stop the spread of Antinomian truth.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00005-00002999-00003538": "[00:00:30] From its points of origin in old and New England, Antinomianism spread from", "fAWXOkyafP8-00006-00003538-00004067": "back country farmers to indentured servants in the field and in the town, from sailor", "fAWXOkyafP8-00007-00004067-00004742": "to sailor and port to port, radical individualism shaped and re-shaped minds across the Atlantic", "fAWXOkyafP8-00008-00004742-00004898": "Zone.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00009-00004898-00005453": "Sailors told city slaves, city slaves told country slaves and before long, more people", "fAWXOkyafP8-00010-00005453-00006060": "than ever before began to think to themselves, \"We don't have to live this way.\"", "fAWXOkyafP8-00011-00006060-00006376": "[00:01:00] This is Liberty Chronicles.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00012-00006376-00007714": "A project of libertarianism.org I'm Anthony Comegna.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00013-00007714-00008361": "From August to September 1637 a [Sennid 00:01:20] of Puritan Ministers from Massachusetts Bay", "fAWXOkyafP8-00014-00008361-00008959": "in Connecticut convened to express their mutual disgust for Anne Hutchinson and her radical", "fAWXOkyafP8-00015-00008959-00009070": "individualism.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00016-00009070-00009584": "[00:01:30] Threatened on their borders by terrible conflicts with the Pequot Indians,", "fAWXOkyafP8-00017-00009584-00010096": "the Puritan Divines hoped to woo or strong arm their neighboring colonies into friendly", "fAWXOkyafP8-00018-00010096-00010259": "compliance.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00019-00010259-00010815": "The usual sort of inter colonial border disputes and power struggles prevented joint operations", "fAWXOkyafP8-00020-00010815-00011481": "for several years but by May 1643, the Puritan Colonies joined together in the Confederation", "fAWXOkyafP8-00021-00011481-00011775": "of the United Colonies of New England.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00022-00011775-00012201": "The Confederation was essentially a vehicle for Massachusetts [00:02:00] and its elite", "fAWXOkyafP8-00023-00012201-00012659": "to get their way and extend their control over New World territory.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00024-00012659-00013197": "The project began with organization at home, continued through settlement, intensified", "fAWXOkyafP8-00025-00013197-00013809": "with expropriation of Indian lands and once the localized Pequot War had been accomplished,", "fAWXOkyafP8-00026-00013809-00014065": "the mission transformed once more.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00027-00014065-00014754": "Now, Massachusetts Bay was in a position to control all New England, dominate rival colonies", "fAWXOkyafP8-00028-00014754-00015263": "and compel global recognition of [00:02:30] God's kingdom on Earth.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00029-00015263-00015840": "Where theology presented a bright millennial vision, reality progressed much faster and", "fAWXOkyafP8-00030-00015840-00015940": "unexpectedly.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00031-00015940-00016570": "While the Puritan Divines busied themselves with persecuting Indians and Hutchinsonians,", "fAWXOkyafP8-00032-00016570-00016965": "England's Antinomian impulse seized destiny.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00033-00016965-00017526": "During the later stages of Europe's 30 Years War, England's King Charles I was in constant", "fAWXOkyafP8-00034-00017526-00017678": "need of money.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00035-00017678-00017995": "Without parliament, the king could not raise significant revenues.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00036-00017995-00018534": "[00:03:00] Parliament suspected Charles of Crypto Catholicism, especially given his French-Catholic", "fAWXOkyafP8-00037-00018534-00018755": "wife, Henrietta Maria.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00038-00018755-00019120": "The body refused to levy the king's taxes.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00039-00019120-00019579": "Parliament jockeyed for position and Charles fought to maintain some sort of integrity.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00040-00019579-00020151": "The religious divide between Charles' High Church Anglicans, mainstream Anglicans and", "fAWXOkyafP8-00041-00020151-00020731": "the strong minority contingent of Puritans blended with political battles between traditional", "fAWXOkyafP8-00042-00020731-00021415": "and revolutionary predatory elites. [00:03:30] What became the first English Civil War, really", "fAWXOkyafP8-00043-00021415-00022074": "began on the Scottish border in 1639 after Charles tried to impose a uniform Anglicanism", "fAWXOkyafP8-00044-00022074-00022256": "on Scotland.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00045-00022256-00022881": "Once again, seeking funds to end rebellion, Charles summoned Parliament in 1640.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00046-00022881-00023340": "Parliament demanded concessions of royal power and enlarged powers of their own.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00047-00023340-00023715": "The king assented to some, and considered other treasonous.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00048-00023715-00024133": "When he tried and failed to arrest several members [00:04:00] of the commons, the king", "fAWXOkyafP8-00049-00024133-00024288": "fled London.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00050-00024288-00024770": "His greatest strength was in his fortified towns on the North and West, along with the", "fAWXOkyafP8-00051-00024770-00025138": "calvary officers filling his relatively small ranks.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00052-00025138-00025612": "Parliament had the larger army, it controlled the Navy and occupied the capital.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00053-00025612-00026200": "The cavalier, or royalists and round head, or parliamentary armies numbered about 15,000", "fAWXOkyafP8-00054-00026200-00026389": "each at their peaks.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00055-00026389-00026797": "Most people preferred to avoid the war as much as possible.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00056-00026797-00027245": "Throughout the country side, village committee's [00:04:30] of club men and other vigilantes", "fAWXOkyafP8-00057-00027245-00027958": "attacked both sides to discourage martial exploitation of the people.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00058-00027958-00028480": "Parliamentarians at the local level sensed conflict in the winds and moved toward mobilization", "fAWXOkyafP8-00059-00028480-00028606": "first.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00060-00028606-00029086": "They had the edge over the royalists through most of the war and after three years of bloody", "fAWXOkyafP8-00061-00029086-00029618": "conflict, Parliament organized the new model army, a massive combination of existing Puritan", "fAWXOkyafP8-00062-00029618-00029983": "Officers and impressed infantrymen.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00063-00029983-00030461": "The army's [00:05:00] purpose was to go wherever it might serve Parliament's cause and a sizable", "fAWXOkyafP8-00064-00030461-00031030": "portion of the soldiers believed they were fighting for the common person's liberty.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00065-00031030-00031573": "The army's leadership core, however, had the goal of supremacy.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00066-00031573-00032161": "Oliver Cromwell and his clique of militant Puritans represented a revolutionary new coalition", "fAWXOkyafP8-00067-00032161-00032425": "in the early modern Atlantic world.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00068-00032425-00032863": "They protected the interests of merchants and corporations, small land holders hoping", "fAWXOkyafP8-00069-00032863-00033394": "to gain advantage over the great [00:05:30] lords, a generation of newcomers to the colonies", "fAWXOkyafP8-00070-00033394-00033956": "and the budding generations of England's first proper industrialists, themselves, already", "fAWXOkyafP8-00071-00033956-00034358": "deeply connected to the New World's slave production regime.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00072-00034358-00034966": "The kind represented old and established interests, corporate interests, who relied exclusively", "fAWXOkyafP8-00073-00034966-00035509": "upon his grant of power and privilege and those who feared losing status and position", "fAWXOkyafP8-00074-00035509-00035794": "to interlopers from all directions.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00075-00035794-00036183": "But who spoke for you and I? [00:06:00] While the king in Parliament battled", "fAWXOkyafP8-00076-00036183-00036735": "it out for political supremacy, England's Antinomians seized the opportunity to create", "fAWXOkyafP8-00077-00036735-00037177": "a more libertarian world for themselves and their communities.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00078-00037177-00037781": "During the 1630's and 40's, Antinomians from the New World and the old created a slew of", "fAWXOkyafP8-00079-00037781-00038406": "new denominations, new movements, separating themselves from the Anglican Church.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00080-00038406-00038816": "Divided national powerment and unprecedented degree of religious liberty for descenters", "fAWXOkyafP8-00081-00038816-00038981": "of all variety.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00082-00038981-00039478": "In the mid [00:06:30] 17th century, they are peered Vandalists, Enthusiasts, Sabbatarians,", "fAWXOkyafP8-00083-00039478-00040330": "Ranters, Riggers, Quakers, Levellers, Fifth Monarchy Men, Brownists, Baptists, Beamonists,", "fAWXOkyafP8-00084-00040330-00040716": "Muggletonians, Grindletonians, Philadelphians and more.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00085-00040716-00041374": "Each with distinct practices of theology, styles, priority and visions for socio-political", "fAWXOkyafP8-00086-00041374-00041547": "reform.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00087-00041547-00041953": "Most important for our purposes were the Diggers and the Levellers.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00088-00041953-00042424": "Led by Gerrard [00:07:00] Winstanley, the Diggers harken back to the days before enclosure", "fAWXOkyafP8-00089-00042424-00042697": "and practice reclamation of the commons.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00090-00042697-00043244": "They gathered to till and sow on common fields, ignoring the rights of powerful lords, so", "fAWXOkyafP8-00091-00043244-00043618": "the people could benefit equally from God's plenty.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00092-00043618-00044053": "Colonel Thomas Rainsborough led the Levellers, who like the Diggers believed in the fundamental", "fAWXOkyafP8-00093-00044053-00044282": "equality of persons.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00094-00044282-00044650": "The Levellers were, in some ways, the first true political party.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00095-00044650-00045165": "They were an organized, political, even democratic opposition to [00:07:30] aristocratic interests", "fAWXOkyafP8-00096-00045165-00045431": "in both war and camps.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00097-00045431-00045938": "If anyone with power and influence did actually speak for the people during the English Civil", "fAWXOkyafP8-00098-00045938-00046538": "Wars, it was Thomas Rainsborough on behalf of the common soldier during the Putney debates", "fAWXOkyafP8-00099-00046538-00046856": "of 1647.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00100-00046856-00047313": "In the Fall of that year, Cromwell's grond days in the Parliament considered how they", "fAWXOkyafP8-00101-00047313-00047615": "might negotiate a final settlement with King Charles.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00102-00047615-00048075": "The Cromwellian's would have not only retained the king but allowed [00:08:00] a royal and", "fAWXOkyafP8-00103-00048075-00048499": "House of Lords veto over any acts from the commons.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00104-00048499-00048943": "The army's soldiers and radical descenting officers refused to abandon the Libertarian", "fAWXOkyafP8-00105-00048943-00049149": "cause so easily, though.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00106-00049149-00049749": "The king resent in uneasy imprisonment at Hampton Palace, temporarily defeated but always", "fAWXOkyafP8-00107-00049749-00050072": "scheming for a return to power.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00108-00050072-00050518": "Cromwell and the Parliament controlled England from Westminster and the new model army camped", "fAWXOkyafP8-00109-00050518-00050758": "between them at Putney.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00110-00050758-00051261": "The army occupied the geographical and historical [00:08:30] mid ground between the forces of", "fAWXOkyafP8-00111-00051261-00051863": "a traditional order and a new class of would be exploiters, eager to consolidate their", "fAWXOkyafP8-00112-00051863-00052244": "new found political supremacy.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00113-00052244-00052813": "In the Putney debates of October 29th, 1647, Colonel Thomas Rainsborough presented the", "fAWXOkyafP8-00114-00052813-00053361": "leveler case for equal rights, a revival of the commons, the abolition of special powers", "fAWXOkyafP8-00115-00053361-00053954": "and privileges, the erosion of aristocracy and a full reversal of William the Conquerors", "fAWXOkyafP8-00116-00053954-00054616": "futile conquests of [00:09:00] the more ancient, Libertarian, commonist ways of life.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00117-00054616-00055498": "Speaker 2: Putney, 29th October 1647.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00118-00055498-00055645": "Rainsborough.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00119-00055645-00056157": "I think that the poorest he that is in England hath a life to live as the greatest he and", "fAWXOkyafP8-00120-00056157-00056658": "therefore truly sir, I think it's clear that every man that is to live under a government,", "fAWXOkyafP8-00121-00056658-00057145": "on first, by his own consent to put himself under that [00:09:30] government and I do", "fAWXOkyafP8-00122-00057145-00057687": "think that the poorest man in England is not at all bound in a strict sense to that government", "fAWXOkyafP8-00123-00057687-00058316": "that he hath not had a voice to put himself under and I am confident that when I've heard", "fAWXOkyafP8-00124-00058316-00058835": "the reasons against it, something will be said to answer those reasons in so much that", "fAWXOkyafP8-00125-00058835-00059223": "I should doubt whether he was and Englishman or no.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00126-00059223-00059589": "That showed doubt of these things.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00127-00059589-00059814": "Ireton.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00128-00059814-00060226": "That's the meaning of this according [00:10:00] to the number of inhabitants.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00129-00060226-00060661": "Give me leave to tell you that if you make this the rule, I think that you must fly for", "fAWXOkyafP8-00130-00060661-00061245": "refuge to an absolute natural right and you must deny all civil right and I'm sure it", "fAWXOkyafP8-00131-00061245-00061438": "will come to that in the consequence.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00132-00061438-00061936": "This, I perceive is pressed as that which is so essential in due.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00133-00061936-00062466": "The right of the people of the kingdom and as they are the people of this kingdom, distinct", "fAWXOkyafP8-00134-00062466-00063004": "and divided from other people and that we must, for this right, lay aside all other", "fAWXOkyafP8-00135-00063004-00063104": "considerations.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00136-00063104-00063261": "[00:10:30] This is so just.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00137-00063261-00063411": "This is so due.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00138-00063411-00063632": "This is so right to them.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00139-00063632-00063916": "For my part, I think it is no right at all.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00140-00063916-00064368": "I think that no person hath a right to an interest or share in the disposing of the", "fAWXOkyafP8-00141-00064368-00065025": "affairs of the kingdom that hath not a permanent fixed interest in this kingdom and those persons", "fAWXOkyafP8-00142-00065025-00065568": "together are properly the representant of this kingdom and consequently are also to", "fAWXOkyafP8-00143-00065568-00066102": "make up the resresenters of this kingdom who take in together, [00:11:00] do comprehend", "fAWXOkyafP8-00144-00066102-00066626": "what-so-ever is a real or permanent interest in the kingdom and I am sure otherwise, I", "fAWXOkyafP8-00145-00066626-00067179": "can atel what any man can say why a foreigner comminate amongst us, or as many as will comminate", "fAWXOkyafP8-00146-00067179-00067738": "amongst us or by force or otherwise selling themselves here or at least by our permission", "fAWXOkyafP8-00147-00067738-00067926": "having a being here.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00148-00067926-00068367": "Why they should not as well lay claim to it as any other.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00149-00068367-00068533": "Rainsborough.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00150-00068533-00069061": "I remember that in a former speech, which this gentlemen brought before [00:11:30] this", "fAWXOkyafP8-00151-00069061-00069161": "meeting.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00152-00069161-00069595": "He was saying that in some cases he should not value whether there were a king or kind,", "fAWXOkyafP8-00153-00069595-00070105": "were there lords or no lords, whether a property or no property.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00154-00070105-00070335": "For my part, I differ in that.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00155-00070335-00070883": "I very much care whether there be a king or not kind, lords or no lords, property or no", "fAWXOkyafP8-00156-00070883-00071498": "property and I think if we do not all take care, we shall all have none of these very", "fAWXOkyafP8-00157-00071498-00072031": "shortly but as to this present business, I do hear nothing at all that could convince", "fAWXOkyafP8-00158-00072031-00072512": "[00:12:00] me why any man that is born in England ought not to have his voice in election", "fAWXOkyafP8-00159-00072512-00072612": "of burgesses.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00160-00072612-00073154": "It is said that if a man have not a permanent interest, he can have no claim and that we", "fAWXOkyafP8-00161-00073154-00073820": "must be no freer than the laws will let use be and that there is no law in any chronicle", "fAWXOkyafP8-00162-00073820-00074122": "would let us be freer than we now enjoy.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00163-00074122-00074326": "Something was said to this yesterday.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00164-00074326-00074820": "I do think that the main cause, why all mighty God gave men reason, it was that they should", "fAWXOkyafP8-00165-00074820-00075246": "make use of that reason and that [00:12:30] they should improve it for that end and purpose", "fAWXOkyafP8-00166-00075246-00075792": "that God gave it to them and truly, I think that half a loaf is better than none if a", "fAWXOkyafP8-00167-00075792-00075999": "man be hungry.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00168-00075999-00076480": "This gift of reason, without other property may seem a small thing, yet I think there", "fAWXOkyafP8-00169-00076480-00077014": "is nothing that God half given a man that anyone else can take from him and therefore,", "fAWXOkyafP8-00170-00077014-00077620": "I say that either it must be the law of God or the law of man that must prohibit the meanest", "fAWXOkyafP8-00171-00077620-00077994": "men in the kingdom to have this benefit, as well as the greatest.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00172-00077994-00078600": "[00:13:00] I do not find anything in the law of God that a lord shall choose 20 burgesses", "fAWXOkyafP8-00173-00078600-00078994": "and gentlemen but two and a poor man shall choose none.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00174-00078994-00079611": "I find no such thing in the law of nature, nor the law of nations but I do find that", "fAWXOkyafP8-00175-00079611-00080182": "all Englishmen must be subject to English laws and I do verily believe there is no man", "fAWXOkyafP8-00176-00080182-00080889": "but will say that the foundation of all laws lies in the people and if it lie in the people,", "fAWXOkyafP8-00177-00080889-00081141": "I am to seek for this [00:13:30] exemption.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00178-00081141-00081646": "Truly, I know nothing free but only the knight of the shire, nor do I know anything in a", "fAWXOkyafP8-00179-00081646-00082244": "Parliamentary way that is clear from the height and fullness of tyranny but only that.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00180-00082244-00082750": "As for this, of corporations, which you also mentioned, it is as contrary to freedom as", "fAWXOkyafP8-00181-00082750-00082869": "may be.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00182-00082869-00083041": "For sir, what is it?", "fAWXOkyafP8-00183-00083041-00083502": "The king he grants a patten under the broad seal of England to such a corporation to send", "fAWXOkyafP8-00184-00083502-00083605": "burgesses.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00185-00083605-00083894": "He grants too, such a city to send burgesses.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00186-00083894-00084397": "When a poor [00:14:00] base corporation from the king's grant shall send two burgesses", "fAWXOkyafP8-00187-00084397-00084754": "when 500 men of a state shall not send one.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00188-00084754-00085258": "When those that are to make their laws are called by the king or cannot act but by such", "fAWXOkyafP8-00189-00085258-00085794": "a call, truly I think that the people of England have little freedom.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00190-00085794-00086006": "Ireton.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00191-00086006-00086450": "I think if the gentlemen remembered himself, he cannot but remember that what I said was", "fAWXOkyafP8-00192-00086450-00087049": "to this effect; that if I saw the hand of God leading so far as to destroy a king [00:14:30]", "fAWXOkyafP8-00193-00087049-00087583": "and destroy lords and destroy property and leave no such thing at all amongst us, I should", "fAWXOkyafP8-00194-00087583-00087925": "acquiesce in it and so I did not care.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00195-00087925-00088472": "If no king, no lords or no property should be in comparison of the tender care that have", "fAWXOkyafP8-00196-00088472-00089032": "the honor of God and that the people of God whose good name is so much concerned in this", "fAWXOkyafP8-00197-00089032-00089132": "army.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00198-00089132-00089544": "This I did deliver so and not absolutely.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00199-00089544-00089996": "All the main thing that I speak for is because I would have an eye to property.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00200-00089996-00090430": "I [00:15:00] hope we do not come to contend for victory but let every man consider with", "fAWXOkyafP8-00201-00090430-00090882": "himself that he do not go that way to take away all property.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00202-00090882-00091391": "For here is the case of the most fundamental part of the Constitution of the Kingdom, which", "fAWXOkyafP8-00203-00091391-00091761": "if you take away, you take away all by that.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00204-00091761-00092113": "Here men of this and this quality are determined to be the are determined to be the electors", "fAWXOkyafP8-00205-00092113-00092567": "of men to the Parliament and they are all those who have any permanent interest in the", "fAWXOkyafP8-00206-00092567-00093080": "kingdom and who, taken together, do comprehend the whole permanent [00:15:30] local interest", "fAWXOkyafP8-00207-00093080-00093180": "of the kingdom.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00208-00093180-00093793": "I mean by permanent and local that it is not able to be removed anywhere else.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00209-00093793-00094325": "As for instance, he that hath a freehold and that freehold cannot be removed out of the", "fAWXOkyafP8-00210-00094325-00094982": "kingdom and so there's a freemont of a corporation, a place which hath the privilege of market", "fAWXOkyafP8-00211-00094982-00095376": "and trading, which if you should allow to all places equally.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00212-00095376-00095809": "I do not see how you could reserve any peace in the kingdom and that is the reason why", "fAWXOkyafP8-00213-00095809-00096172": "in the constitution we have but some few [00:16:00] market towns.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00214-00096172-00096482": "He that is here today and gone tomorrow.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00215-00096482-00096805": "I do not see that he hath such a permanent interest.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00216-00096805-00097285": "Since you cannot plead to it by anything but the law of nature or for anything but for", "fAWXOkyafP8-00217-00097285-00097912": "the end of better being and since that better being is not certain and what is more, destructive", "fAWXOkyafP8-00218-00097912-00098545": "to another upon these grounds, if you do, paramount to all constitutions, hold up this", "fAWXOkyafP8-00219-00098545-00099033": "law of nature, I would feign have any man show me their bounds where you will [00:16:30]", "fAWXOkyafP8-00220-00099033-00099502": "end and why you should not take away all property.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00221-00099502-00099710": "Rainsborough.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00222-00099710-00100006": "To the thing itself, property in the franchise.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00223-00100006-00100531": "I would feign know how it comes to be the property of some men and not of others.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00224-00100531-00101025": "As for estates and those kinds of things and other things that belong to men, it will be", "fAWXOkyafP8-00225-00101025-00101538": "granted that they are property but I deny that, that is a property to a lord.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00226-00101538-00101951": "To a gentlemen, to a man more than any other in the kingdom of England.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00227-00101951-00102501": "If [00:17:00] it be a property, it is a property by law, neither do I think that there is very", "fAWXOkyafP8-00228-00102501-00103015": "little property in this thing by the law of the land because I think that the law of the", "fAWXOkyafP8-00229-00103015-00103465": "land and that thing is the most tyrannical law under heaven.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00230-00103465-00103732": "I would feign know what we have fought for it.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00231-00103732-00103953": "For our laws and liberties?", "fAWXOkyafP8-00232-00103953-00104456": "And this is the old law of England and that which enslaves the people of England that", "fAWXOkyafP8-00233-00104456-00104874": "they should be bound by laws in which they have no voice at all.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00234-00104874-00105289": "With respect to the Divine [00:17:30] Law which says, \"Honor thy father and thy mother,\"", "fAWXOkyafP8-00235-00105289-00105700": "the great dispute is who is a right father and a right mother?", "fAWXOkyafP8-00236-00105700-00106271": "I am bound to know who is my father and mother and I take it in the same sense you do, I", "fAWXOkyafP8-00237-00106271-00106906": "would have a distinction, a character where my God commands me to honor them and for my", "fAWXOkyafP8-00238-00106906-00107372": "part, I look upon the people of England so that wherein they have not voices in the choosing", "fAWXOkyafP8-00239-00107372-00107916": "of their governors, their civil fathers and mothers, they are not bound to that commandment.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00240-00107916-00108427": "Anthony Comegna: [00:18:00] The Levellers at Putney may have been bold revolutionaries", "fAWXOkyafP8-00241-00108427-00108965": "but they were still a minority among main line Anglicans and more conservative Cromwellian", "fAWXOkyafP8-00242-00108965-00109295": "Puritans in the Parliament and even the army.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00243-00109295-00109969": "An unsuccessful rising of royalists in 1648, called the Second English Civil War culminated", "fAWXOkyafP8-00244-00109969-00110117": "in prides purge.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00245-00110117-00110634": "A Coup D'etat, in which colonel Thomas pried in the army forced Cromwell's opponents out", "fAWXOkyafP8-00246-00110634-00110773": "of the Parliament.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00247-00110773-00111208": "The remaining rump Parliament tried, convicted [00:18:30] and executed Charles the I for", "fAWXOkyafP8-00248-00111208-00111797": "his treasons.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00249-00111797-00112603": "On the 30th of January, 1649 an unknown hangman proved that kings too, could be laid low.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00250-00112603-00113170": "Cavaliers horrified by the regicide now flocked Charles the II while Cromwell tried his hand", "fAWXOkyafP8-00251-00113170-00113431": "at exterminating the Irish.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00252-00113431-00113882": "Cromwell and the rump Parliament struggled to recover lost legitimacy, fighting an ever", "fAWXOkyafP8-00253-00113882-00114483": "swelling tide of [00:19:00] descenting traditions, threats of colonial rebellion, cavalier colonial", "fAWXOkyafP8-00254-00114483-00114859": "governors, royalist invasions from Scotland.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00255-00114859-00115395": "The new political class' only weapon was an idiology, hyper reliant on brute force and", "fAWXOkyafP8-00256-00115395-00115660": "military dictatorship.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00257-00115660-00116145": "Only the influence of Cromwell maintained the integrity of Parliamentary government.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00258-00116145-00116688": "Upon his death in 1658, Oliver's son, Richard assumed the title of Lord Protector.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00259-00116688-00117163": "Tired of the entire affair, the army and its grandes removed [00:19:30] him from office,", "fAWXOkyafP8-00260-00117163-00117560": "restored the purged members of Parliament and invited Charles the II to return from", "fAWXOkyafP8-00261-00117560-00117905": "exile to a restored monarchy.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00262-00117905-00118383": "England's common wealth occupies a special historical space in which the philosophies", "fAWXOkyafP8-00263-00118383-00118878": "of slavery and freedom became clearly distinguished and delineated.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00264-00118878-00119415": "Antinomian conceptions of individual liberty developed in direct opposition to new forms", "fAWXOkyafP8-00265-00119415-00120033": "of slavery in the army on the tall sailing ship, the tobacco and sugar plantation, [00:20:00]", "fAWXOkyafP8-00266-00120033-00120808": "in conquered and bloody Ireland, in the installation of a revolutionary new ruling class.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00267-00120808-00121347": "In the North American colonies, Puritans rejoiced with each victory from the new model army.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00268-00121347-00121955": "The Massachusetts Divines plan to lead God's people into paradise seemed, for a moment", "fAWXOkyafP8-00269-00121955-00122603": "superseded by the revolution at home but the experiment collapsed and the restored Mary", "fAWXOkyafP8-00270-00122603-00123244": "Monarch had a bit of a grudge against stern Puritanism. [00:20:30] From this point forward,", "fAWXOkyafP8-00271-00123244-00123748": "common people around the Atlantic began to realize, in ever greater numbers what elites", "fAWXOkyafP8-00272-00123748-00124392": "had known for some time, they were engaged in a timeless, class war and thought the predators", "fAWXOkyafP8-00273-00124392-00125511": "change from time to time, the great bulk of humanity are still their prey.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00274-00125511-00126111": "Liberty Chronicles is a project of Libertarianism.org It is produced by Tess [00:21:00] Terrible.", "fAWXOkyafP8-00275-00126111-00126530": "To learn more about Liberty Chronicles, visit libertarianism.org"}}, {"audio_id": "fBmarFSjxSA", "text": {"fBmarFSjxSA-00000-00000098-00000735": "[Music]", "fBmarFSjxSA-00001-00000544-00000783": "when a growing enterprise has needs that", "fBmarFSjxSA-00002-00000735-00000992": "extend", "fBmarFSjxSA-00003-00000783-00001128": "well beyond the limitations of standard", "fBmarFSjxSA-00004-00000992-00001416": "security systems", "fBmarFSjxSA-00005-00001128-00001648": "it's time to step up to power series pro", "fBmarFSjxSA-00006-00001416-00001880": "tyco's solution for small businesses to", "fBmarFSjxSA-00007-00001648-00002048": "large-scale commercial properties", "fBmarFSjxSA-00008-00001880-00002303": "with integrated cyber protection", "fBmarFSjxSA-00009-00002048-00002503": "features power series pro is the first", "fBmarFSjxSA-00010-00002303-00002640": "commercial intrusion security panel that", "fBmarFSjxSA-00011-00002503-00002848": "can handle large commercial", "fBmarFSjxSA-00012-00002640-00003040": "installations without needing wires on", "fBmarFSjxSA-00013-00002848-00003376": "sensors or keypads", "fBmarFSjxSA-00014-00003040-00003664": "easy to install no drills no wires", "fBmarFSjxSA-00015-00003376-00003771": "no problem and with long range power g", "fBmarFSjxSA-00016-00003664-00004039": "technology", "fBmarFSjxSA-00017-00003771-00004168": "128 bit encrypted wireless communication", "fBmarFSjxSA-00018-00004039-00004368": "capabilities", "fBmarFSjxSA-00019-00004168-00004552": "power series pro can fulfill all", "fBmarFSjxSA-00020-00004368-00004703": "commercial grade applications without", "fBmarFSjxSA-00021-00004552-00004832": "the need for an endless series of", "fBmarFSjxSA-00022-00004703-00005048": "repeaters", "fBmarFSjxSA-00023-00004832-00005239": "it's a security system built to truly", "fBmarFSjxSA-00024-00005048-00005368": "handle the realities of a large-scale", "fBmarFSjxSA-00025-00005239-00005616": "enterprise", "fBmarFSjxSA-00026-00005368-00005736": "added to that are modular communicators", "fBmarFSjxSA-00027-00005616-00005992": "onboard ethernet", "fBmarFSjxSA-00028-00005736-00006176": "enhanced triple end of line and power g", "fBmarFSjxSA-00029-00005992-00006400": "anti-masking technology", "fBmarFSjxSA-00030-00006176-00006584": "removable terminal strips programmable", "fBmarFSjxSA-00031-00006400-00006808": "hardwire zone resistance", "fBmarFSjxSA-00032-00006584-00007023": "and additional current availability that", "fBmarFSjxSA-00033-00006808-00007152": "allows you to add more devices as", "fBmarFSjxSA-00034-00007023-00007384": "necessary", "fBmarFSjxSA-00035-00007152-00007559": "power series pro is also compatible with", "fBmarFSjxSA-00036-00007384-00007656": "a long list of additional security", "fBmarFSjxSA-00037-00007559-00007968": "products", "fBmarFSjxSA-00038-00007656-00008120": "install them together or as you go the", "fBmarFSjxSA-00039-00007968-00008392": "system meshes them together", "fBmarFSjxSA-00040-00008120-00008528": "seamlessly it also supports multiple", "fBmarFSjxSA-00041-00008392-00008720": "third-party integrations", "fBmarFSjxSA-00042-00008528-00008904": "including building management software", "fBmarFSjxSA-00043-00008720-00009088": "and video access solutions", "fBmarFSjxSA-00044-00008904-00009288": "offering a versatile platform for", "fBmarFSjxSA-00045-00009088-00009552": "holistic commercial security", "fBmarFSjxSA-00046-00009288-00009664": "power series pro is easy to install and", "fBmarFSjxSA-00047-00009552-00009856": "easy to use", "fBmarFSjxSA-00048-00009664-00010056": "making it perfectly suited to the needs", "fBmarFSjxSA-00049-00009856-00010256": "of small businesses all the way up to", "fBmarFSjxSA-00050-00010056-00010456": "large scale commercial properties", "fBmarFSjxSA-00051-00010256-00010672": "with cyber protection and scalable", "fBmarFSjxSA-00052-00010456-00010920": "growth opportunities in mind", "fBmarFSjxSA-00053-00010672-00011136": "for more information on power series pro", "fBmarFSjxSA-00054-00010920-00011447": "visit dsc.com", "fBmarFSjxSA-00055-00011136-00011639": "power series pro", "fBmarFSjxSA-00056-00011447-00011775": "make sure to subscribe to our youtube", "fBmarFSjxSA-00057-00011639-00012047": "page and click", "fBmarFSjxSA-00058-00011775-00012224": "the show more tab underneath the video", "fBmarFSjxSA-00059-00012047-00012432": "where you can view valuable links", "fBmarFSjxSA-00060-00012224-00012752": "pertaining to this product", "fBmarFSjxSA-00061-00012432-00013223": "similar how-to videos and our low-cost", "fBmarFSjxSA-00062-00012752-00013223": "no contract alarm monitoring services"}}, {"audio_id": "fBUvYhQljqY", "text": {"fBUvYhQljqY-00000-00000096-00000803": "the Ferrari Purosangue is the first heart created by Ferrari with four doors and four seats", "fBUvYhQljqY-00001-00000803-00001278": "the new model is called Purosangue which translates directly to pure blood", "fBUvYhQljqY-00002-00001452-00002190": "as the result of 75 years of Cutting Edge research, Ferrari has created a unique vehicle", "fBUvYhQljqY-00003-00002190-00002724": "in which performance driving pleasure and comfort coexist and Perfect Harmony"}}, {"audio_id": "fCfln5EN120", "text": {"fCfln5EN120-00000-00000003-00000516": "Hi guys, My name's Ben Taylor and welcome to today's video. In today's video we're", "fCfln5EN120-00001-00000516-00002046": "going to be talking all about the Panasonic S1. Let's roll that intro. If this is your", "fCfln5EN120-00002-00002046-00002460": "first time arriving on my channel please hit the subscribe button and then hit", "fCfln5EN120-00003-00002460-00002946": "the notification bar. This just means you can sit back and relax, while YouTube send", "fCfln5EN120-00004-00002946-00003311": "you the good stuff. In today's video I'm going to be discusing with you the", "fCfln5EN120-00005-00003311-00003755": "Panasonic S1. I'm gonna be sharing with you all the information so that you can", "fCfln5EN120-00006-00003755-00004320": "make your mind up if you want to buy it or not. The Panasonic S1 is a 24", "fCfln5EN120-00007-00004320-00004911": "megapixel full-frame mirrorless camera, and at last panasonic has joined the", "fCfln5EN120-00008-00004911-00005568": "lights of Nikon, Sony and yes ok, cannon in the full-frame mirrorless marke.t this", "fCfln5EN120-00009-00005568-00006119": "is a 24 megapixel camera and it comes with a CMOS sensor, so it's very similar", "fCfln5EN120-00010-00006119-00006663": "to the likes of these Z6 and the Sony A7 III if we look at this camera", "fCfln5EN120-00011-00006663-00007077": "externally to start with it's made of a magnesium alloy, which", "fCfln5EN120-00012-00007077-00007493": "probably means absolutely nothing to you but basically put, it means that it's", "fCfln5EN120-00013-00007493-00008018": "durable and also feels refined to touch. Also the body is weather sealed which is", "fCfln5EN120-00014-00008018-00008393": "fantastic because this means is going to protect you against the harsher", "fCfln5EN120-00015-00008393-00008825": "conditions. The size of the camera is actually quite big it's very similar to", "fCfln5EN120-00016-00008825-00009438": "the size the nikon Z6. Now this doesn't mean it's massive by any means but it", "fCfln5EN120-00017-00009438-00009950": "does mean that it's bigger than some of its rivals like the Sony a7 III. This extra", "fCfln5EN120-00018-00009950-00010511": "size has not been put to waste though as the external of the panasonic lumix s1", "fCfln5EN120-00019-00010511-00011007": "is feature-rich to say the least. If we come around to the back of the Lumix s1", "fCfln5EN120-00020-00011007-00011520": "you can see straight away it has a 3.2 inch touchscreen display. And at the", "fCfln5EN120-00021-00011520-00012039": "moment this screen offers the highest resolution around. It has a triangle tilt", "fCfln5EN120-00022-00012039-00012464": "screen which means it can be viewed vertically and horizontally but I'm", "fCfln5EN120-00023-00012464-00012861": "never really that impressed by anything other than an articulated screen, and", "fCfln5EN120-00024-00012861-00013344": "also Panasonic have offered this on some of their Micro 4 -3 cameras. So", "fCfln5EN120-00025-00013344-00013763": "not quite sure why they haven't transfer this over to their full frame. On the", "fCfln5EN120-00026-00013763-00014219": "side of the Lumix S1 camera buddy you can see that there are two card slots one", "fCfln5EN120-00027-00014219-00014922": "for the SD UHS 2. The other for the X cube d you also have a 3.5 millimeter", "fCfln5EN120-00028-00014922-00015638": "headphone socket and a full size HDMI thank you very much Panasonic. You also", "fCfln5EN120-00029-00015638-00016194": "have the ability to add a Panasonic XLR one mic adapter, this will support any", "fCfln5EN120-00030-00016194-00016560": "professional XLR mics and any other input devices.", "fCfln5EN120-00031-00016560-00017100": "One really impressive feature about the Panasonic s1 is yet has Ibis built into", "fCfln5EN120-00032-00017100-00017700": "five stops which is incredible.  To add to that if you use the new lumix s", "fCfln5EN120-00033-00017700-00018150": "range of lenses which panasonic have released three of them, alongside this", "fCfln5EN120-00034-00018150-00018783": "you can full six tops of stabilization. That's going to get rid of most unwanted", "fCfln5EN120-00035-00018783-00019194": "camera shakes. Now the s-1 has a respectable 9 frames per second", "fCfln5EN120-00036-00019194-00019635": "continuous shooting speed, but unfortunately this drops to 6 frames a", "fCfln5EN120-00037-00019635-00020097": "second if the first shot is not locked on focus. There is a fallback to this", "fCfln5EN120-00038-00020097-00020643": "though because the Panasonic s1 offers something called a 6k photo mode. Now if", "fCfln5EN120-00039-00020643-00021033": "you don't know what this is it basically means that you can shoot a 6k video and", "fCfln5EN120-00040-00021033-00021645": "take an 18 megapixel still picture from it. You might still be a bit confused but", "fCfln5EN120-00041-00021645-00022269": "it basically means you can take an 18 megapixel picture from a video. The Lumix", "fCfln5EN120-00042-00022269-00022839": "s1 comes with an oled viewfinder display and as of this video it has the highest", "fCfln5EN120-00043-00022839-00023256": "resolution currently out there. Now this means that you're going to get super", "fCfln5EN120-00044-00023256-00023784": "sharp and crispy images through the viewfinder and also the menu section. A", "fCfln5EN120-00045-00023784-00024270": "lot of people have also been talking about the s-1 for its video capabilities", "fCfln5EN120-00046-00024270-00024711": "though, and not just its photo capabilities. Impressively the camera", "fCfln5EN120-00047-00024711-00025557": "shoots 4k at 60 frames a second, and it also shoots 1080p 180 frames per second", "fCfln5EN120-00048-00025557-00026085": "providing you with some beautiful slow-motion footage. I will say there is", "fCfln5EN120-00049-00026085-00026558": "a drawback with the 4k 60 frames a second though, this is, that", "fCfln5EN120-00050-00026558-00027019": "have a crop attached to it but this is only at the 60 frames per second. Now", "fCfln5EN120-00051-00027019-00027500": "the s1r which is the sister to this camera or let's say that bigger brother,", "fCfln5EN120-00052-00027500-00028031": "does actually shoot 4k 60 frames per second without a crop. So they have", "fCfln5EN120-00053-00028031-00028444": "provided that just unfortunately not in this model. Now something which has", "fCfln5EN120-00054-00028444-00029030": "caused a bit of negative press around the s-1 is its autofocus, now you", "fCfln5EN120-00055-00029030-00029578": "probably know if you own a Panasonic that they use contrast based autofocus", "fCfln5EN120-00056-00029578-00030149": "depth by defocus. Now I'm not going to go into too much detail about this but I", "fCfln5EN120-00057-00030149-00030569": "think this is one subject which is highly misunderstood by a lot of people.", "fCfln5EN120-00058-00030569-00031102": "It gets a lot of negative press because contrast based autofocus is seen has not", "fCfln5EN120-00059-00031102-00031603": "been as good as phase detection or hybrid focus or if you're in a Canon", "fCfln5EN120-00060-00031603-00031978": "then you're going to be looking at draw pixel focus. Now different kinds of", "fCfln5EN120-00061-00031978-00032413": "autofocus and all the details involved in them is a whole labyrinth to get", "fCfln5EN120-00062-00032413-00032881": "involved into which are not going to in this video. But contrast based autofocus", "fCfln5EN120-00063-00032881-00033362": "is actually very accurate and quick but unfortunately it's not particularly good", "fCfln5EN120-00064-00033362-00033836": "with moving subjects. It's better if the subjects are quite static and then it", "fCfln5EN120-00065-00033836-00034441": "offers very good autofocus. Now Panasonic have introduced a feature called face", "fCfln5EN120-00066-00034441-00035027": "and body detection which is pretty cool. Actually it's surounds the subjects in the", "fCfln5EN120-00067-00035027-00035512": "video with a box and then it's able to track onto and keeping multiple focus", "fCfln5EN120-00068-00035512-00035962": "points going at once. So even though contrast based focus may have some", "fCfln5EN120-00069-00035962-00036212": "negatives it certainly has lots of positives as", "fCfln5EN120-00070-00036212-00036608": "well and it should definitely not be a deal-breaker when you're considering", "fCfln5EN120-00071-00036608-00037003": "buying this camera. Now one really important thing to discuss alongside the", "fCfln5EN120-00072-00037003-00037556": "s-1 release will be lens selection. Now Panasonic have mentioned that they will", "fCfln5EN120-00073-00037556-00038177": "be releasing the Lumix S range of lenses these will be compatible with the s1 and", "fCfln5EN120-00074-00038177-00038975": "the s1r. The three lenses consist of a 24 to 3 to 105 f/4 a 50 millimeter f1", "fCfln5EN120-00075-00038975-00039556": "point 4 and finally a 70 through to 200 millimeter f/4. Now if you want any other", "fCfln5EN120-00076-00039556-00039936": "lenses outside of this you're going to be looking at the Leica lenses", "fCfln5EN120-00077-00039936-00040438": "which fit the Panasonic mount. Now we all know Leica have great quality but", "fCfln5EN120-00078-00040438-00041118": "unfortunately they also have high price. My final opinion on the Panasonic s1 is", "fCfln5EN120-00079-00041118-00041625": "a good one it looks like it's set to be a solid all-rounder that provides both", "fCfln5EN120-00080-00041625-00042137": "good photos and good videos. Now this means that it will compete nicely with", "fCfln5EN120-00081-00042137-00042659": "other cameras of the same price range in the market such as the Nikon Z6", "fCfln5EN120-00082-00042659-00043215": "and the Sony a7 III. Panasonic are certainly not lagging behind on this", "fCfln5EN120-00083-00043215-00043668": "camera and I think it's a great addition to the ongoing battle of the full-frame", "fCfln5EN120-00084-00043668-00044055": "mirrorless cameras. I want to thank you guys for watching today's video and", "fCfln5EN120-00085-00044055-00044493": "remember if this is your first time arriving here, hit subscribe hit the", "fCfln5EN120-00086-00044493-00044966": "notification bar sit back and let YouTube send you the good stuff. whatever", "fCfln5EN120-00087-00044966-00045359": "you do today guys, I hope you have an awesome day and I'll see you in the next", "fCfln5EN120-00088-00045359-00045584": "video."}}, {"audio_id": "fClYfmg1NP8", "text": {"fClYfmg1NP8-00000-00000549-00000649": "Hi.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00001-00000649-00000811": "I’m Lynette from PanicAttackRecovery.com.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00002-00000811-00001390": "We’re a collaboration of former sufferers who are helping current sufferers of anxiety,", "fClYfmg1NP8-00003-00001390-00001501": "panic attacks and agoraphobia.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00004-00001501-00001716": "I’d like to ask you something:", "fClYfmg1NP8-00005-00001716-00002140": "Do you ever go through your day and find that you can’t remember certain things?", "fClYfmg1NP8-00006-00002140-00002706": "For instance, do you wonder whether you have turned off the stove, locked the door, or", "fClYfmg1NP8-00007-00002706-00003086": "taken care of some other necessary part of your day?", "fClYfmg1NP8-00008-00003086-00003639": "Perhaps you find yourself in the middle of a conversation with someone (or at least that’s", "fClYfmg1NP8-00009-00003639-00004224": "what you’re supposed to be doing!), and at the end of the conversation, you realize", "fClYfmg1NP8-00010-00004224-00004772": "that you haven’t heard one word the other person was saying.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00011-00004772-00005208": "This tendency is related to something called mindfulness.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00012-00005208-00005887": "The Centre for Mindfulness Studies explains that mindfulness is a non-judgmental way of", "fClYfmg1NP8-00013-00005887-00006122": "paying attention in the present moment.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00014-00006122-00006801": "It enables us to increase our understanding of our habitual reactions to challenging situations", "fClYfmg1NP8-00015-00006801-00007396": "and creates the possibility of choosing to respond in more effective ways.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00016-00007396-00008028": "The simplest way to think of mindfulness is that it refers to paying attention to what", "fClYfmg1NP8-00017-00008028-00008229": "is happening in the present moment.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00018-00008229-00008907": "As an anxiety sufferer, at times you’ll likely find yourself so immersed in your thoughts", "fClYfmg1NP8-00019-00008907-00009399": "that you are likely not paying attention to the present moment.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00020-00009399-00010031": "The relationship between the lack of mindfulness and anxiety works like this.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00021-00010031-00010686": "Your anxious thoughts can sort of run on auto-pilot at the expense of your not attending to other", "fClYfmg1NP8-00022-00010686-00011310": "things…interestingly, paying attention to these things can break the flow of anxious", "fClYfmg1NP8-00023-00011310-00011649": "thoughts if you were to attend to them.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00024-00011649-00012220": "Learning this concept can allow you to avoid missing out on all the neat things that the", "fClYfmg1NP8-00025-00012220-00012413": "present moment has to offer.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00026-00012413-00012894": "Better yet, you can do so in two simple steps:", "fClYfmg1NP8-00027-00012894-00013002": "1.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00028-00013002-00013594": "by choosing to focus your attention on the present moment and really making a commitment", "fClYfmg1NP8-00029-00013594-00013875": "in this regard, and 2.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00030-00013875-00014528": "bringing your attention back to the moment when it begins to drift.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00031-00014528-00014902": "You might be wondering what does the evidence says about mindfulness?", "fClYfmg1NP8-00032-00014902-00015576": "Authors of a study published in the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology conducted", "fClYfmg1NP8-00033-00015576-00016268": "literature search of 39 studies totaling 1,140 participants.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00034-00016268-00016815": "The participants were receiving mindfulness-based therapy for a range of conditions, including", "fClYfmg1NP8-00035-00016815-00017484": "cancer, generalized anxiety disorder, depression, and other psychiatric or medical conditions.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00036-00017484-00018204": "The authors concluded: \"These results suggest that mindfulness-based therapy is a promising", "fClYfmg1NP8-00037-00018204-00018632": "intervention for treating anxiety and mood problems in clinical populations.\"", "fClYfmg1NP8-00038-00018632-00019518": "Dr. Daniel Goleman, in his video on Focus: The Secret to High Performance and Fulfilment", "fClYfmg1NP8-00039-00019518-00020121": "discusses the power of mindfulness, which he refers to as cognitive control.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00040-00020121-00020789": "In particular, Dr. Goleman discussed a longitudinal study in New Zealand that looked at Cognitive", "fClYfmg1NP8-00041-00020789-00020928": "Control.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00042-00020928-00021203": "The results of the study revealed that:", "fClYfmg1NP8-00043-00021203-00021944": "\"Cognitive control was as a better predictor of financial success and health later in life", "fClYfmg1NP8-00044-00021944-00022655": "than the subjects' IQ or socioeconomic status of the family.\"", "fClYfmg1NP8-00045-00022655-00023147": "The researchers in charge of the study argued we should be teaching cognitive control skills", "fClYfmg1NP8-00046-00023147-00023387": "to children in order to level the playing field.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00047-00023387-00024052": "Dr. Goleman also discusses research from Dr. Richard Davidson, a renowned neuroscientist.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00048-00024052-00024675": "When we are agitated, there is a lot of activity in the right side of the brain and the amygdala,", "fClYfmg1NP8-00049-00024675-00025095": "the triage point for fight or light response related to anxiety.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00050-00025095-00025707": "When we are in a positive state, there is a lot of activity in the left side and no", "fClYfmg1NP8-00051-00025707-00025877": "activity in the right.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00052-00025877-00026518": "Dr. Davidson paired up with Dr. Jon Kabat-Zinn in order to address chronic conditions in", "fClYfmg1NP8-00053-00026518-00026730": "the workplace.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00054-00026730-00027193": "Researchers were hired by a company to teach their employees mindfulness.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00055-00027193-00027713": "When taught mindfulness over a period of 8 weeks, researchers found that employees’", "fClYfmg1NP8-00056-00027713-00028361": "brains were tilting to the left and they were once again remembering what they loved about", "fClYfmg1NP8-00057-00028361-00028468": "their job.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00058-00028468-00029058": "Recognizing its benefits, more businesses are bringing mindfulness training into the", "fClYfmg1NP8-00059-00029058-00029213": "workplace.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00060-00029213-00029769": "These are pretty powerful findings and indications about the benefits of mindfulness.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00061-00029769-00030481": "Dr. Goleman, indicates that attention is like a muscle, and we have to exercise it in order", "fClYfmg1NP8-00062-00030481-00030939": "to improve it, just like going to the gym to exercise your muscles.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00063-00030939-00031427": "Attention can be strengthened by practicing the 2 steps we shared earlier in the video", "fClYfmg1NP8-00064-00031427-00031627": "on a regular basis.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00065-00031627-00032286": "Dr. Goleman stresses that if you find that your mind is somewhere else bring it back", "fClYfmg1NP8-00066-00032286-00032499": "again and gently restart.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00067-00032499-00033266": "The key is not to prevent your mind from wandering, but to notice when it wanders, and simply", "fClYfmg1NP8-00068-00033266-00033438": "bring it back again.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00069-00033438-00034065": "That’s what strengthens the connectivity in the attention circuitry of our brain, and", "fClYfmg1NP8-00070-00034065-00034649": "this will allow you to strengthen your attention over time and manage it at will.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00071-00034649-00035221": "In summary, by practicing mindfulness on a regular basis, we can help our anxiety.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00072-00035221-00035975": "And, we can also improve our cognitive control by exercising our attention to focus on one", "fClYfmg1NP8-00073-00035975-00036479": "thing, and then bringing our attention back when it wanders.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00074-00036479-00037105": "Remember, the implications of the research findings: developing a new habit in this practice", "fClYfmg1NP8-00075-00037105-00037887": "can increase our chances of success and health more than IQ or our family’s status related", "fClYfmg1NP8-00076-00037887-00038259": "to income, education and occupation.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00077-00038259-00038752": "Mindfulness is a great technique to keep in mind for many children and students who are", "fClYfmg1NP8-00078-00038752-00039159": "getting back to school this time of year.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00079-00039159-00039737": "Our videos are designed for those suffering from anxiety, panic attacks, and agoraphobia.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00080-00039737-00039947": "However anyone can benefit from them.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00081-00039947-00040428": "We would encourage you to share our videos with others, and to comment on / like them", "fClYfmg1NP8-00082-00040428-00040694": "and subscribe to our YouTube channel.", "fClYfmg1NP8-00083-00040694-00041224": "To ensure you benefit from all of the information that we share on a regular basis, please visit", "fClYfmg1NP8-00084-00041224-00041561": "our website, and: • Sign-up for our free email newsletter", "fClYfmg1NP8-00085-00041561-00042124": "• Obtain a range of articles about panic attacks, anxiety, and agoraphobia, and", "fClYfmg1NP8-00086-00042124-00042812": "• Follow us on Twitter and Facebook Please visit our website at PanicAttackRecovery.com"}}, {"audio_id": "fCWsJxc4QfI", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "fCYhquh6lmc", "text": {"fCYhquh6lmc-00000-00000038-00000278": "What's up! Let's start another Road Talk", "fCYhquh6lmc-00001-00000300-00000588": "You already know how this works: The comment with the most likes and replies", "fCYhquh6lmc-00002-00000606-00000903": "will be the one featured in the next road talk", "fCYhquh6lmc-00003-00000966-00001262": "And the comment with the most likes and replies in the previous Road Talk was", "fCYhquh6lmc-00004-00001262-00001539": "made by \"Extremo\"", "fCYhquh6lmc-00005-00001539-00001831": "The nickname had letters and numbers, but I read it as \"Extremo\" (Extreme)", "fCYhquh6lmc-00006-00001831-00002124": "And he asked what to do", "fCYhquh6lmc-00007-00002124-00002512": "with small engines like 1.4tdi or 1.3cdti", "fCYhquh6lmc-00008-00002588-00002792": "Diesel engines", "fCYhquh6lmc-00009-00002844-00002964": "So... what to do?", "fCYhquh6lmc-00010-00003066-00003400": "To modify is similar to the other engines", "fCYhquh6lmc-00011-00003489-00003599": "The online difference", "fCYhquh6lmc-00012-00003661-00004190": "will be the resulting power, being lower due to the lower abilities of the engine", "fCYhquh6lmc-00013-00004240-00004552": "But I'm getting the question, in the sense that he wants to know", "fCYhquh6lmc-00014-00004570-00004863": "how to do more basic mods, just to get started", "fCYhquh6lmc-00015-00004988-00005290": "Just so the car becomes a bit more \"lively\"", "fCYhquh6lmc-00016-00005400-00005702": "My opinion, and remember, it is always just my opinion", "fCYhquh6lmc-00017-00005718-00005912": "You ask me and I just give my opinion", "fCYhquh6lmc-00018-00005997-00006281": "For me, the starting point would be an \"electronic\" (ECU Remapping)", "fCYhquh6lmc-00019-00006282-00006559": "done in a trusted workshop", "fCYhquh6lmc-00020-00006588-00006830": "Where they measure the current horsepower of the car, and it reads 100bhp for example", "fCYhquh6lmc-00021-00006865-00007153": "They remap the ECU and it reads 120bhp for example", "fCYhquh6lmc-00022-00007153-00007253": "You then test it", "fCYhquh6lmc-00023-00007280-00007394": "See if it works well for you", "fCYhquh6lmc-00024-00007450-00007759": "They do it tailored to your needs", "fCYhquh6lmc-00025-00007759-00008152": "and you see if that is how you want it to be", "fCYhquh6lmc-00026-00008220-00008525": "Clutch is not loose", "fCYhquh6lmc-00027-00008525-00008807": "In low revs the engine is not struggling", "fCYhquh6lmc-00028-00008808-00009092": "And that is the way to do it", "fCYhquh6lmc-00029-00009124-00009506": "But if you want an \"extra touch\"", "fCYhquh6lmc-00030-00009511-00009662": "You can always upgrade the intake manifold", "fCYhquh6lmc-00031-00009766-00010154": "Upgrade the intake in order to pull more air", "fCYhquh6lmc-00032-00010210-00010526": "Upgrade the exhaust system to a bigger dimension", "fCYhquh6lmc-00033-00010554-00011020": "There are cars with turbo that still have small exhaust system dimensions", "fCYhquh6lmc-00034-00011056-00011336": "which benefit a lot from that upgrade", "fCYhquh6lmc-00035-00011362-00011675": "helping the increase of power", "fCYhquh6lmc-00036-00011675-00011915": "in combination with the ECU remap and the upgrade in the intake manifold", "fCYhquh6lmc-00037-00011950-00012190": "This \"bundle of 3 things\"", "fCYhquh6lmc-00038-00012200-00012432": "ECU, Intake Manifold and Exhaust System", "fCYhquh6lmc-00039-00012524-00012832": "will help whatever car, even the ones with those small engines", "fCYhquh6lmc-00040-00012832-00013160": "like 1.4tdi or 1.3cdti", "fCYhquh6lmc-00041-00013200-00013328": "making them more enjoyable", "fCYhquh6lmc-00042-00013382-00013562": "faster", "fCYhquh6lmc-00043-00013597-00013808": "and with a good remap", "fCYhquh6lmc-00044-00013850-00014132": "they will be more fuel efficient in normal driving", "fCYhquh6lmc-00045-00014182-00014518": "of course that driving fast will make them burn a more fuel than before", "fCYhquh6lmc-00046-00014541-00015002": "but you have the benefit of being more efficient in normal driving", "fCYhquh6lmc-00047-00015026-00015333": "But, I repeat, if it is a good remap in a good workshop", "fCYhquh6lmc-00048-00015333-00015616": "Because if you choose those \"+30bhp chips\"", "fCYhquh6lmc-00049-00015616-00015716": "that only burn more fuel", "fCYhquh6lmc-00050-00015722-00015986": "it will not have the effect that you want", "fCYhquh6lmc-00051-00015996-00016124": "It will just make lots of smoke", "fCYhquh6lmc-00052-00016163-00016624": "it will make it go a little bit faster, but it will not be even close to efficient", "fCYhquh6lmc-00053-00016694-00016935": "And that's it", "fCYhquh6lmc-00054-00016936-00017084": "I hope you have enjoyed this Road Talk", "fCYhquh6lmc-00055-00017130-00017620": "This is one of those quick videos I do in my way to work", "fCYhquh6lmc-00056-00017674-00017891": "A good way to \"talk to you\" and help with some doubts", "fCYhquh6lmc-00057-00017925-00018046": "and also to know you better", "fCYhquh6lmc-00058-00018079-00018382": "In the description you can find", "fCYhquh6lmc-00059-00018382-00018723": "the support platforms, as well as social media", "fCYhquh6lmc-00060-00018756-00018943": "If you have anything to say, send it to the facebook page please", "fCYhquh6lmc-00061-00019038-00019406": "Don't send it to my personal facebook because I am not able to receive any more messages there", "fCYhquh6lmc-00062-00019480-00019782": "To schedule the review of your car here in the channel", "fCYhquh6lmc-00063-00019782-00020086": "send it to my email, that is in the description", "fCYhquh6lmc-00064-00020114-00020368": "Take care and... \"GÁS!\""}}, {"audio_id": "fCYowMNKWfu", "text": {"fCYowMNKWfu-00000-00003808-00004112": "For many years motor racing has been a popular sport in New Zealand,", "fCYowMNKWfu-00001-00004112-00004526": "attracting drivers with a taste for thrills and mechanics with a taste for tinkering.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00002-00004526-00004781": "There are car clubs all over the country and,", "fCYowMNKWfu-00003-00004781-00004907": "though prize money is not large,", "fCYowMNKWfu-00004-00004907-00005162": "there's nothing small about the amount spent on vehicles.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00005-00005216-00005560": "To these racing fans the roar of a souped-up engine is a sweet sound.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00006-00005600-00005981": "Here at Dunedin in the South Island the annual meeting always brings out a big crowd.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00007-00006204-00006501": "They're tuning up for the major event around the town race.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00008-00006556-00006912": "Since this race was first run ten years ago the standard of driving has improved.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00009-00006912-00007089": "Along with car club finances.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00010-00007123-00007377": "The best drivers in New Zealand now compete for the Cup.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00011-00007888-00008190": "And they're away to do 36 laps on the up and down,", "fCYowMNKWfu-00012-00008190-00008286": "sometimes narrow,", "fCYowMNKWfu-00013-00008286-00008472": "and always exciting circuit.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00014-00009028-00009251": "Winding over hills and around sharp bends,", "fCYowMNKWfu-00015-00009251-00009464": "the course soon separates the men from the boys.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00016-00009512-00009725": "Top drivers can average 60 miles an hour,", "fCYowMNKWfu-00017-00009725-00009956": "but hairpins like this cut them down to size.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00018-00012372-00012716": "In his Cooper Climax winner Denis Hulme rolls over the finish line.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00019-00012752-00012901": "He collects a hundred and fifty pounds,", "fCYowMNKWfu-00020-00012901-00013021": "the festival cup,", "fCYowMNKWfu-00021-00013021-00013160": "and a glass of champagne.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00022-00013196-00013453": "All of which makes a good finish to a good day's racing.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00023-00013608-00013861": "For the big money and the big names in motor racing", "fCYowMNKWfu-00024-00013861-00014091": "we fly north to Auckland, our largest city.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00025-00014160-00014506": "Here in January each year is run the New Zealand International Grand Prix.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00026-00014506-00014878": "An event which brings drivers from Britain, the United States, Sweden,", "fCYowMNKWfu-00027-00014878-00015229": "the continent, and Australia ,into competition against the New Zealanders.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00028-00015528-00015943": "January is holiday time and, sprawling in the Summer Sun, Auckland relaxes.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00029-00016008-00016222": "Holiday traffic cruises over the Harbour Bridge.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00030-00016222-00016576": "Locals and visitors are making for the beaches that surround the waterfront.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00031-00018716-00019013": "Enjoying the summer weather with friends are Grand Prix drivers.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00032-00019013-00019289": "Some of whom have come halfway around the world for the big race.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00033-00020048-00020458": "An expert water skier, Arnold Glass, is tryingto explain the sport to the English drivers.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00034-00020458-00020734": "At least one of the Englishmen has other interests in mind,", "fCYowMNKWfu-00035-00020734-00021019": "and Arnold's only pupil is New Zealander Bruce McLaren.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00036-00021416-00021877": "After his wobbly efforts, Bruce decides to stick to car racing, he says it's safer.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00037-00022459-00022684": "In the evening the party returns to town.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00038-00022684-00023155": "Maybe there are butterflies in those well-fed stomachs but tomorrow is the big day.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00039-00023155-00023257": "Grand Prix day.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00040-00023500-00023869": "Auckland streets are packed with tourists, many of them in town for the Grand Prix.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00041-00023940-00024175": "Late shopping can be very pleasant on a warm summer's night.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00042-00025364-00025763": "Today is race day and though the sky is overcast the ground is packed.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00043-00025763-00026039": "Some people have spent all night camped outside the gates.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00044-00026039-00026486": "There's a crowd of 60,000 here and 15,000 cars jam the parking lots.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00045-00026486-00026795": "Spectators have driven to Auckland from all partsof the country", "fCYowMNKWfu-00046-00026795-00027104": "for the biggest day of the year in New Zealand motor racing.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00047-00027783-00028011": "In the pits last-minute checks are made.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00048-00028576-00028899": "Tipped is one of the favorites, Ron Flockhart is driving a Cooper.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00049-00028899-00029163": "So is Bruce McLaren, who carries number 47.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00050-00029404-00029610": "At the wheel of his Lotus is England's Roy Salvadori.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00051-00029610-00029864": "Watched by Bonnier a of Sweden and Stirling Moss.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00052-00029864-00030291": "Number 4, a Cooper, is driven by the world's champion driver Jack Brabham,", "fCYowMNKWfu-00053-00030291-00030537": "who has two New Zealand Grand Prix to his credit.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00054-00030636-00030738": "The crowd is on its toes,", "fCYowMNKWfu-00055-00030795-00030879": "dressed for the weather,", "fCYowMNKWfu-00056-00030879-00031068": "and looking forward to an exciting race.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00057-00031139-00031401": "There are 24 starters, 14 of them from overseas.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00058-00031401-00031647": "The Grand Prix competitors are ready to roll.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00059-00031647-00031899": "They'll make 75 circuits of a two-mile track.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00060-00031899-00032160": "150 miles of hard driving.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00061-00032204-00032373": "There will be no stops for refueling.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00062-00033312-00033483": "They travel in a bunch over the first lap.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00063-00033483-00033783": "At College Corner McLaren, in number 47, is taking the lead", "fCYowMNKWfu-00064-00033783-00034020": "with Moss chasing him and Brabham right behind.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00065-00034076-00034395": "Along the straight and into the hairpin McLaren hangs on to his narrow lead", "fCYowMNKWfu-00066-00034395-00034563": "but Moss, in a Lotus, is pressing him.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00067-00036014-00036290": "Moss makes the break and goes throughto take the number one position.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00068-00036290-00036485": "Brabham is in second place now.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00069-00036485-00036596": "McLaren lies third.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00070-00036596-00037400": "Moss keeps his lead until the 31st lap when abroken transmission puts him out of the race.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00071-00037564-00037836": "Lap number 40, and the field has been reduced by a third.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00072-00037876-00038276": "It's a bad day for competitors driving Louts cars, all five are forced to pull out.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00073-00038276-00038480": "Along with two Coopers and an Aston Martin.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00074-00038540-00038702": "The New Zealand drivers are lasting well,", "fCYowMNKWfu-00075-00038702-00038918": "with Denis Hulme keepingup just behind the leaders.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00076-00039148-00039586": "Brabham, number 4, is out in front holdinga 50-yard lead from Bruce McLaren in 47.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00077-00039656-00039889": "It's settled down to a battlebetween these two for first place.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00078-00039889-00040096": "You can count the rest of the field out.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00079-00040096-00040423": "Brabham is having trouble with his engineand McLaren tries to narrow the lead.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00080-00040484-00040774": "Along the back straight the heat of the track is producing severe haze.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00081-00042740-00043119": "Fighting it out for minor placings, the rest ofthe field has been lapped by Brabham and McLaren.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00082-00043119-00043425": "There's some fine drivingby Arnold glass in number 10", "fCYowMNKWfu-00083-00043425-00043704": "who's pushing his CooperMaseratti just as hard as he can.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00084-00044216-00044502": "Brabham still has the lead, nursing his sick engine,", "fCYowMNKWfu-00085-00044502-00044694": "but keeping a hundred yards ahead of McLaren.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00086-00046148-00046584": "Brabham comes off the hairpin for the last time,he'll be very unlucky if he doesn't win now.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00087-00046650-00047055": "McLaren is right behind but can't get enough speedon the back straight to overtake the champion.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00088-00047744-00047937": "It's all over as they approach the finish line.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00089-00047937-00048171": "Brabham and McLaren have driven a great race.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00090-00048228-00048396": "Jack Brabham flashes past the flag.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00091-00048396-00048621": "He's set a new record: one hour forty minutes.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00092-00048621-00048882": "McLaren finishes only one second behind.", "fCYowMNKWfu-00093-00048948-00049200": "Jack Brabham the popular world's champion driver", "fCYowMNKWfu-00094-00049200-00049641": "has won another international event, and his third New Zealand Grand Prix"}}, {"audio_id": "fCbEU0C5E0I", "text": {"fCbEU0C5E0I-00000-00000164-00000322": "Poodle Poodle COCO", "fCbEU0C5E0I-00001-00000448-00000782": "Coco is 3 years old and has a lot of sleep.", "fCbEU0C5E0I-00002-00002124-00002440": "Coco bothered me to play around all day.", "fCbEU0C5E0I-00003-00002988-00003278": "Coco keeps sleeping.", "fCbEU0C5E0I-00004-00007538-00007828": "Coco keeps jerking while sleeping.", "fCbEU0C5E0I-00005-00008438-00008830": "Coco is so scared when he sleeps with his eyes turned over.", "fCbEU0C5E0I-00006-00008944-00009192": "Coco is still sleepy today:)", "fCbEU0C5E0I-00007-00009276-00009392": "Like and Subscribe"}}, {"audio_id": "fDh72wscH9I", "text": {"fDh72wscH9I-00000-00000000-00000596": "Thereby, we shall conclude that there are no differences in attitude towards politics in those periods.", "fDh72wscH9I-00001-00000780-00001512": "Politicization of Russians does not enlarge, at least according to ESS.", "fDh72wscH9I-00002-00001616-00001904": "“Is it so or not?”, - it is the other question.", "fDh72wscH9I-00003-00001998-00002294": "Let us move to the next variable.", "fDh72wscH9I-00004-00002628-00003150": "Age is a scale variable.", "fDh72wscH9I-00005-00004188-00004698": "As far as this variable is a scale, all of measures of central tendency can be applied.", "fDh72wscH9I-00006-00004900-00005248": "We also can calculate quartiles and standard deviation.", "fDh72wscH9I-00007-00006062-00006512": "For the earlier sample, we have quite massive table.", "fDh72wscH9I-00008-00006980-00007216": "Mode is 25 years,", "fDh72wscH9I-00009-00007216-00008194": "thus we are dealing with young population of Russia, according to mode,", "fDh72wscH9I-00010-00008194-00008594": "of course, only in the case of ESS database being representative for Russia.", "fDh72wscH9I-00011-00008654-00009222": "Both mean and median equals 46.", "fDh72wscH9I-00012-00009222-00010280": "Since mean is the most sensitive out of those three measures, we can trust it more.", "fDh72wscH9I-00013-00010292-00011100": "Thus, our population is not that young, average age is 46,", "fDh72wscH9I-00014-00011134-00011624": "and median props this point of view up.", "fDh72wscH9I-00015-00011690-00012136": "Mode contradicts them, since it is far less sensitive,", "fDh72wscH9I-00016-00012136-00012500": "we may not pay a lot of attention to it.", "fDh72wscH9I-00017-00012530-00012897": "Standard deviation is 18.4.", "fDh72wscH9I-00018-00012960-00013368": "If our variable was normally distributed, we could use the rule of three sigma.", "fDh72wscH9I-00019-00013368-00013891": "Since age it is not normally distributed (the case of age being normally distributed is quite rare),", "fDh72wscH9I-00020-00013891-00014347": "thus we would not apply the rule of three sigma.", "fDh72wscH9I-00021-00014460-00014906": "Quarter-scale is 31 years.", "fDh72wscH9I-00022-00014974-00015447": "Let us see how situation had changed in two years.", "fDh72wscH9I-00023-00015528-00015863": "Mean decreased a little bit so did median,", "fDh72wscH9I-00024-00015863-00016084": "mode, on the contrary, increased a little bit.", "fDh72wscH9I-00025-00016084-00016586": "We shall pay attention to the most sensitive measure of central tendency,", "fDh72wscH9I-00026-00016586-00016872": "in other words, to mean", "fDh72wscH9I-00027-00016936-00017444": "If we calculate the confidence interval for mean, (we have special formals for that purpose),", "fDh72wscH9I-00028-00017478-00018344": "we will conclude that there is no statistically significant difference in the mean age."}}, {"audio_id": "fDmQ5XB933g", "text": {"fDmQ5XB933g-00000-00000525-00000735": "Chee-la dee-la ha~Amber Ball waa 'vm-nvsh-shi,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00001-00000735-00001079": "I am Dakubetede, Shasta Modoc Klamath, and a citizen", "fDmQ5XB933g-00002-00001079-00001372": "of the Confederated Tribes of Siletz. My pronouns", "fDmQ5XB933g-00003-00001372-00001673": "are she/her, and I'm zooming in from Muscogee Territory", "fDmQ5XB933g-00004-00001673-00001985": "in the heart of NDN country, Oklahoma.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00005-00001985-00002130": "Hello, my name is Amber Ball, and I'm the Executive Director", "fDmQ5XB933g-00006-00002130-00002630": "of In The Margin. It is my distinct pleasure and honor", "fDmQ5XB933g-00007-00002688-00002850": "to welcome you to our featured Indigenous Peoples' Day", "fDmQ5XB933g-00008-00002850-00003110": "panel, as part of the New American Theater Festival", "fDmQ5XB933g-00009-00003110-00003390": "presented by In The Margin, B Street Theater,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00010-00003390-00003615": "and the National New Play Network.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00011-00003615-00003922": "So this is our first panel and a series of three sponsored", "fDmQ5XB933g-00012-00003922-00004061": "by the incredible HowlRound.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00013-00004171-00004262": "We have two more panels this month:", "fDmQ5XB933g-00014-00004262-00004465": "Power and Theater Coalition Building", "fDmQ5XB933g-00015-00004576-00004807": "Wednesday, October 20th, that features In The Margin's", "fDmQ5XB933g-00016-00004807-00005092": "partner companies who have helped make it possible.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00017-00005092-00005559": "Then, Adaptation and New Creation, Thursday, October 21st,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00018-00005559-00005844": "featuring some of the amazing featured playwrights.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00019-00006037-00006467": "So, today, we are joined by some incredible Native women", "fDmQ5XB933g-00020-00006467-00006649": "leaders in the arts industry.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00021-00006926-00007172": "We will be discussing their practices, methodologies,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00022-00007172-00007545": "and of course, just amplifying and celebrating the work they", "fDmQ5XB933g-00023-00007545-00007726": "continue to contribute to the arts world.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00024-00007858-00008027": "So to start Murielle, if you wouldn't mind", "fDmQ5XB933g-00025-00008027-00008236": "introducing yourself, where you're zooming in from,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00026-00008236-00008466": "pronouns, titles, organizations, affiliations.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00027-00008562-00008912": "Okay. My name is Murielle Borst-Tarrant,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00028-00009049-00009356": "I'm from the Kunna/Rappahannock Nations,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00029-00009496-00009996": "my pronouns are she/her, I am the Artistic Director", "fDmQ5XB933g-00030-00010158-00010658": "of Safe Harbors New York city, which is the, the,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00031-00010693-00011171": "which is the traditional territories of the Haudenosaunee,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00032-00011171-00011621": "Munsee Lenape, and Shinnecock and Matinecock, and Canarsies.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00033-00011621-00011942": "Right now I'm sitting in,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00034-00011942-00012414": "which is the traditional territories of Lenny Lenape Land,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00035-00012414-00012817": "which is New Jersey. Anything else? Ha ha ha!", "fDmQ5XB933g-00036-00012919-00013129": "That's amazing. Thank you, Lofanitani,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00037-00013226-00013391": "Let's have you go next.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00038-00013391-00013775": "Awesome. I'm on Sacramento, I'm in Sacramento, California", "fDmQ5XB933g-00039-00013775-00013932": "right now, which I believe I texted that,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00040-00013932-00014172": "Whose Land Are You On? number, and it says Nisenan,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00041-00014172-00014403": "hopefully I'm saying that correctly.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00042-00014403-00014731": "But I'll do my introduction, Waqlisat!", "fDmQ5XB933g-00043-00014731-00015097": "(greetings in Maqlaqsyals and Tongan)", "fDmQ5XB933g-00044-00015097-00015285": "choy- black, choy-Tongan, choy-Tahlequah,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00045-00015285-00015643": "choy-Ohchenne, choy-Tongan. Malo e lelei!", "fDmQ5XB933g-00046-00015746-00016196": "(greetings in Maqlaqsyals and Tongan)", "fDmQ5XB933g-00047-00016402-00016593": "Many other places.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00048-00016593-00016966": "Hello, everyone, greetings. My name is Lofanitani,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00049-00016966-00017131": "my pronouns are she/her and hers.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00050-00017233-00017543": "I'm Black Indigenous, I'm Black and I'm Tongan.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00051-00017543-00017727": "And my tribes are Tahlequah, Modoc and Klamath.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00052-00017727-00018122": "Again, I'm on Nisenan lands, and I hope I'm pronouncing that", "fDmQ5XB933g-00053-00018122-00018356": "right, Please correct me if any of you know how to correctly", "fDmQ5XB933g-00054-00018356-00018730": "pronounce it. I'm currently in, In The Margin theater", "fDmQ5XB933g-00055-00018730-00019099": "ensemble member, yes!", "fDmQ5XB933g-00056-00019099-00019453": "And I'm in Sacramento because I was in the opening play", "fDmQ5XB933g-00057-00019453-00019619": "reading of, Exhaustion!", "fDmQ5XB933g-00058-00019702-00020102": "(Lofanitani's screen freezes)", "fDmQ5XB933g-00059-00020102-00020266": "And it was so much fun,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00060-00020266-00020447": "it was such a cool experience, and so I'm down here", "fDmQ5XB933g-00061-00020447-00020633": "for longer and I, I really liked Sacramento, California", "fDmQ5XB933g-00062-00020633-00020870": "in general, so I'm really happy to be here.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00063-00020987-00021252": "I'm also a mentee at the American Influencer Council.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00064-00021364-00021709": "I do a lot of digital creation, I'm a digital creator,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00065-00021709-00021981": "I'm an influencer, and I like making art and I'm just", "fDmQ5XB933g-00066-00021981-00022315": "figuring out kind of like, what art looks for me,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00067-00022315-00022538": "like how I can bring my power and stand in my power through", "fDmQ5XB933g-00068-00022538-00022694": "art. And I'm doing that.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00069-00022806-00022890": "And I also just graduated from the University of Oregon,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00070-00022890-00023390": "and I double-majored. I did Asian Studies focus in Korean,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00071-00023439-00023624": "I did Indigenous Race and Ethnic Studies.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00072-00023624-00023839": "And I also did the minor, I think they have", "fDmQ5XB933g-00073-00023839-00024033": "a whole PhD program now, but I did the minor", "fDmQ5XB933g-00074-00024033-00024210": "in Native American Studies.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00075-00024397-00024663": "So, we out here just graduated, hot off the press,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00076-00024663-00024819": "but excited to learn and really excited to be", "fDmQ5XB933g-00077-00024819-00025183": "on this ill panel with all of you all.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00078-00025183-00025325": "So, I'm ready to learn and have some conversation.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00079-00025474-00025743": "So thank you so much, nice to see everybody virtually.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00080-00025949-00026223": "Amazing, Jeanette. Would you like to go next?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00081-00026223-00026507": "Hello! I'm Jeanette Harrison, my family's Onondaga,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00082-00026597-00026883": "and I am, I spend most of my time, these days on the lands", "fDmQ5XB933g-00083-00026883-00027221": "of the Coast Miwok, but thanks to the pandemic,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00084-00027221-00027380": "I am hanging out on the lands of the Tongva.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00085-00027553-00027876": "I am the Artistic Director of Alter Theater Ensemble,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00086-00028075-00028488": "and I feel like I left out everything.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00087-00028488-00028769": "I feel like this is a pop quiz that I just failed, and my", "fDmQ5XB933g-00088-00028769-00028934": "pronouns are she/her/hers.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00089-00029174-00029432": "Yeah, I was like coming in, it's all right, go ahead.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00090-00029792-00030077": "Amazing, yes. Thank you so much, Jeanette.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00091-00030276-00030582": "So, to start the conversation, I would love to invite", "fDmQ5XB933g-00092-00030582-00030893": "the audience to get to know each of you, the", "fDmQ5XB933g-00093-00030893-00031126": "panelists better. I think a great way to start", "fDmQ5XB933g-00094-00031126-00031528": "would just to be, how did you enter the field", "fDmQ5XB933g-00095-00031528-00031887": "of arts/theater? What was your journey to where you are now,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00096-00031887-00032172": "for those of all generations who want to pursue the arts,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00097-00032270-00032470": "as well as like, any family history or even legacies that", "fDmQ5XB933g-00098-00032470-00032700": "also helped influence your direction.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00099-00032833-00033166": "Murielle, it would be great to start with you again.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00100-00033166-00033666": "Okay. Well, I grew up in theater, not only", "fDmQ5XB933g-00101-00033705-00034068": "from my family's theater company, Spiderwoman Theater.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00102-00034161-00034408": "My mother was a touring actress and I went on tour with her", "fDmQ5XB933g-00103-00034408-00034714": "with Open Theater and to Europe when I was very young.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00104-00034918-00035288": "I was also a child performer, and I was in the field,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00105-00035373-00035590": "and I started around and started professionally", "fDmQ5XB933g-00106-00035590-00035995": "dancing around 5-7. You know, then I started working", "fDmQ5XB933g-00107-00035995-00036380": "as an actress around 8 to 10, and I continued", "fDmQ5XB933g-00108-00036380-00036880": "to perform until I was like, 18, then I took a break,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00109-00036924-00037199": "and then I decided to go back to school.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00110-00037342-00037632": "And so what I did was, I got my degree in theater from LIU", "fDmQ5XB933g-00111-00037783-00038060": "and it was there I really was able to develop", "fDmQ5XB933g-00112-00038060-00038430": "what I was going to do now for my, for my future.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00113-00038430-00038843": "You know, right now what I'm working on,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00114-00038929-00039131": "do you want me to know, what I'm working on or just,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00115-00039131-00039323": "how did I get into it? Or is that what you're-", "fDmQ5XB933g-00116-00039323-00039425": "(Amber nods)", "fDmQ5XB933g-00117-00039425-00039802": "Yeah, I come from New York City, which is sometimes", "fDmQ5XB933g-00118-00039802-00040136": "very difficult because we have so many things going on", "fDmQ5XB933g-00119-00040136-00040477": "in New York. We have so many different ethnicities", "fDmQ5XB933g-00120-00040583-00040933": "happening. And so, you know, what happens is that,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00121-00040933-00041369": "we are always constantly fighting against the percentages,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00122-00041460-00041652": "and how do we get people?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00123-00041652-00041861": "You know, how are we included in the,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00124-00042024-00042312": "how are we included in the conversation?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00125-00042312-00042612": "Even the EDI conversation, even \"We See You,\" you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00126-00042702-00042907": "we really need to be in the conversation.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00127-00043007-00043272": "And, a lot of times everybody's spoken about, but us.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00128-00043395-00043605": "And this is our land that we're on, right?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00129-00043703-00043895": "I think things of inclusion are getting better,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00130-00044005-00044205": "but let's hope it gets better than that.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00131-00044396-00044628": "I served as a special assistant to the Northern", "fDmQ5XB933g-00132-00044628-00045128": "Representative, to the United Nations for over 6 years.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00133-00045249-00045543": "And one of those things I really, really learned there,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00134-00045649-00045876": "was not only politics, but what is our right?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00135-00045876-00046126": "What is our human rights as Native peoples, right?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00136-00046213-00046498": "What is our cultural right? What does that mean?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00137-00046498-00046673": "If you're going to exclude us, it's a right for us", "fDmQ5XB933g-00138-00046673-00046786": "to be at the table.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00139-00046927-00047403": "And that's mostly a lot of my work other than writing plays.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00140-00047403-00047593": "I do a lot of talking to theaters,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00141-00047691-00047960": "so we're not excluded from the conversation.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00142-00047960-00048309": "And that's really what I'm trying to do all the time.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00143-00048309-00048597": "And it's not only me, there's other actors,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00144-00048597-00048878": "there's other theater companies out there, but, you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00145-00048878-00049137": "we can't just have one, you know what I mean?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00146-00049242-00049391": "And then someone said to me; well, you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00147-00049541-00049659": "you stop when you do that, you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00148-00049659-00049802": "you're not going to get hired. I'm like, I don't care.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00149-00049802-00050068": "I, I'm working too much. And I don't like to say that,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00150-00050068-00050340": "but I mean, the reality is there's not one,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00151-00050340-00050648": "this is a movement, this is a theater movement,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00152-00050648-00050786": "and this is how I see it.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00153-00050786-00051065": "And it takes more than one person to do a theater movement.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00154-00051065-00051261": "Right, you know? And so, that's how I really, really see it.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00155-00051261-00051565": "Yes. Well, I think that also ties into the founding", "fDmQ5XB933g-00156-00051960-00052361": "of Safe Harbors NYC. Of how that just started", "fDmQ5XB933g-00157-00052361-00052628": "as a safe place. I was also hoping you would discuss", "fDmQ5XB933g-00158-00052628-00052842": "that too, just the founding of the company.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00159-00052973-00053473": "Safe Harbor started as a, program at LA Mama called", "fDmQ5XB933g-00160-00053569-00053760": "Safe Harbors Indigenous Collective.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00161-00053888-00054273": "We found out that Indigenous was too wide a word,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00162-00054273-00054559": "because of, there's a lot of international work there.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00163-00054705-00054995": "And even though I did work at, internationally, we needed,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00164-00055123-00055292": "we had to break off and like, they had to do international.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00165-00055292-00055627": "I still consult with them. I'm also their,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00166-00055627-00055996": "their resident artist there. And then from there, we,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00167-00055996-00056408": "we started to form Safe Harbors New York City,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00168-00056510-00056892": "which is primarily, primarily about, North American", "fDmQ5XB933g-00169-00056892-00057200": "Native peoples and how we look at theater, right?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00170-00057364-00057748": "And it was founded originally by myself and my husband,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00171-00057748-00058154": "Kevin Tarrant. And we both, he was the Managing Director.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00172-00058154-00058452": "He was the Executive Director, Managing Director,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00173-00058452-00058657": "Bookkeeper. He took care of everything.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00174-00058657-00059092": "He recently passed away, so what I had to do was", "fDmQ5XB933g-00175-00059092-00059311": "I had to take over as your, I mean, I was", "fDmQ5XB933g-00176-00059311-00059664": "the Artistic Director, but I had a collaborative force.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00177-00059664-00059873": "And so we brought many different people on,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00178-00059967-00060162": "so we could figure out what is it that we're going to do,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00179-00060162-00060486": "how we're going to go about it. What is the vision?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00180-00060486-00060748": "What is the vision? Not from a program,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00181-00060748-00060916": "not just from me and my husband,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00182-00061020-00061214": "but what is that vision in theater and where,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00183-00061214-00061674": "where do we see ourselves, 10, 20 years, you know?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00184-00061761-00061946": "And I brought people on like yourself, Amber,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00185-00062032-00062224": "who really had that, who shared that vision with me.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00186-00062427-00062612": "And I am happy to be here with you.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00187-00062784-00063025": "Jeanette, kind of the same question to you,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00188-00063025-00063247": "starting back at, how did you enter the field,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00189-00063247-00063449": "Arts of Theater, your journey,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00190-00063535-00063893": "family histories, and legacies, legacies that also helped", "fDmQ5XB933g-00191-00063893-00064009": "influence your direction?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00192-00064151-00064542": "Well, I would say that theater was, was more of a,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00193-00064542-00065042": "an accident for me. I went to college,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00194-00065076-00065263": "completely convinced that I was going to be a journalist,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00195-00065431-00065621": "but I got a work study job working at a award-winning", "fDmQ5XB933g-00196-00065621-00065966": "magazine. And so I decided that first year,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00197-00065966-00066207": "I was not going to join the school paper.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00198-00066207-00066498": "I was just going to explore everything else that I could.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00199-00066498-00066744": "And a buddy of mine in the dorm said,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00200-00066744-00066827": "'Hey, I'm stage managing this show,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00201-00066827-00067017": "you should come and be my ASM!' And I was like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00202-00067017-00067319": "I have no idea what you're talking about, but sure,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00203-00067319-00067819": "okay! And, and, and so I forgot to leave, and that's how,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00204-00067962-00068140": "that's how I got into theater.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00205-00068411-00068727": "Amazing. I love that it's this happy, beautiful accident", "fDmQ5XB933g-00206-00068727-00068892": "and this legacy behind it.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00207-00068993-00069235": "I was also curious if you could talk to us too,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00208-00069235-00069470": "about the founding of Alter Theater,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00209-00069470-00069632": "how that came to be, the process,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00210-00069632-00069877": "and then kind of like where it is now, et cetera?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00211-00070165-00070607": "Yeah. Okay. How did Alter theater get started? Well,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00212-00070607-00071107": "a bunch of us were kind of early in our careers, and we were", "fDmQ5XB933g-00213-00071253-00071686": "hitting road blocks. You know, Alter Theater got started", "fDmQ5XB933g-00214-00071686-00072156": "not long after 9/11. And we, there were 5 of us", "fDmQ5XB933g-00215-00072156-00072361": "who founded the company.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00216-00072361-00072630": "One of whom had a television career that was starting to,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00217-00072630-00073130": "to, to go, except she was, she was brown.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00218-00073193-00073443": "She didn't pass. Like, I mean, I, I,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00219-00073585-00073877": "I went to a casting session for Native actors and they told", "fDmQ5XB933g-00220-00073877-00074161": "me, 'You know? You should dye your hair blonde',", "fDmQ5XB933g-00221-00074332-00074623": "like erasing being Native was the way forward for me and my", "fDmQ5XB933g-00222-00074623-00074813": "career. And I was like, you know what?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00223-00074907-00075181": "I can walk into any room I want, take the earrings out", "fDmQ5XB933g-00224-00075181-00075288": "and you know, I can pass.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00225-00075381-00075592": "That's not, that's, that's not my thing here.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00226-00075592-00075754": "That's not what I'm looking for, that's not how", "fDmQ5XB933g-00227-00075754-00075979": "I honor my family and how I wanna do my work.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00228-00076126-00076393": "But she couldn't. She suddenly went from going in", "fDmQ5XB933g-00229-00076393-00076661": "for the lead roles and being the random wild card,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00230-00076661-00076876": "when everybody else in the room was blonde,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00231-00077038-00077368": "to being called in for terrorist wife, terrorist sister.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00232-00077559-00077925": "And we were also seeing that theater in the Bay area,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00233-00077925-00078250": "which is where we mostly were, was suddenly making", "fDmQ5XB933g-00234-00078250-00078513": "very safe choices. And then on top of all of that, you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00235-00078513-00078702": "the bridge toll more than doubled.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00236-00078867-00079087": "And suddenly we were like, let's just make,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00237-00079087-00079198": "make work on our own side of the bridge here,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00238-00079198-00079626": "this is ridiculous. So we purposely founded a company", "fDmQ5XB933g-00239-00079626-00079879": "that was committed to artists, that was committed", "fDmQ5XB933g-00240-00079879-00079999": "to taking artistic risk.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00241-00080128-00080426": "That was about defying stereotypes.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00242-00080426-00080926": "We, we were, we've always been at the forefront", "fDmQ5XB933g-00243-00081140-00081438": "of using, using color in casting in ways that challenge", "fDmQ5XB933g-00244-00081438-00081744": "stereotypes rather than reinforce them. And every single", "fDmQ5XB933g-00245-00081744-00082228": "show I had, I've had a career as a casting director as well.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00246-00082393-00082667": "And my whole philosophy is, every single role,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00247-00082667-00082786": "this is where we start.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00248-00082899-00082982": "Every single role is open to everybody.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00249-00082982-00083348": "If you, as the director, or you as the playwright believe", "fDmQ5XB933g-00250-00083348-00083594": "otherwise, you need to make the case to me.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00251-00083694-00084028": "And that's where we start. And, you know, I mean, it's,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00252-00084113-00084232": "it's no surprise that Alter Theater's never produced", "fDmQ5XB933g-00253-00084232-00084657": "August Wilson. You know, we, we look for those plays that,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00254-00084657-00084772": "that, or we did.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00255-00084772-00084933": "We looked for those plays that, had that ability", "fDmQ5XB933g-00256-00084933-00085253": "to bring all of us together. And then, you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00257-00085253-00085753": "that was in 2004 and, as things have changed, and we", "fDmQ5XB933g-00258-00085943-00086418": "have been more vocal about the fact that no,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00259-00086418-00086678": "it's not just enough to tell other people's stories.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00260-00086678-00086976": "We want more opportunities to tell our own stories.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00261-00087100-00087400": "And for me, that's been more of a journey, you know?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00262-00087400-00087881": "And not growing up with, with a lot of, having, cause,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00263-00087881-00088271": "cause my college was a very white theater program.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00264-00088271-00088456": "It didn't matter that the kids in it weren't necessarily all", "fDmQ5XB933g-00265-00088456-00088742": "white, but it was a student run program run", "fDmQ5XB933g-00266-00088742-00088984": "by white theater makers and white professors", "fDmQ5XB933g-00267-00088984-00089484": "with a very classical worldview and lens on all of the work.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00268-00089695-00089938": "There was a Native American Studies program,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00269-00089938-00090222": "but there was one professor, and he was white and he was", "fDmQ5XB933g-00270-00090222-00090430": "just bemoaning the fact that in order to get anywhere", "fDmQ5XB933g-00271-00090430-00090604": "in Native American Studies, these days, you had to be", "fDmQ5XB933g-00272-00090604-00091104": "Native. It's like, okay, I think I'm dropping your class,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00273-00091375-00091727": "thank you. But yeah. So now it's, it's, it,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00274-00091727-00092122": "it in constantly trying to push the envelope,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00275-00092346-00092676": "we challenge our fellow theater companies to do better.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00276-00092783-00092922": "And then when they start doing better, we take it another", "fDmQ5XB933g-00277-00092922-00093152": "step further, cause it's just not been enough.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00278-00093293-00093793": "And I would say that, the incremental change has been", "fDmQ5XB933g-00279-00093901-00094401": "really exhausting. And I've now been in this field", "fDmQ5XB933g-00280-00094423-00094782": "for 20 years. Alter Theater is 17 years old.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00281-00094915-00095234": "And yet here we are. And I'm looking, I can't wait to,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00282-00095234-00095734": "to hear from, from Amber and Lofanitani, because you guys", "fDmQ5XB933g-00283-00095808-00096111": "are like my hope for the, the, the Natives,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00284-00096212-00096314": "Native artists who are coming up.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00285-00096443-00096589": "And I really hope you're having different experiences.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00286-00096695-00096873": "And my fear, is that all the work that we have done,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00287-00096873-00097182": "it's not been enough. And so I am now at a point", "fDmQ5XB933g-00288-00097276-00097692": "where I'm like, burn it down, I'm done. Burn it down.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00289-00097866-00098172": "Yeah. So, so, okay, that's, that's a few tangents away", "fDmQ5XB933g-00290-00098172-00098532": "from the original question, but that's kind of where", "fDmQ5XB933g-00291-00098532-00098869": "Alter Theater got started out of a dissatisfaction", "fDmQ5XB933g-00292-00098869-00099319": "with the status quo. And I think that is where we are,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00293-00099497-00099767": "and where we are today is that we are very interested", "fDmQ5XB933g-00294-00099767-00100231": "in telling stories by, for, and with authentic voices", "fDmQ5XB933g-00295-00100231-00100372": "and with community.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00296-00100610-00100909": "Beautiful. Thank you for sharing Jeanette.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00297-00100909-00101251": "Let's see, and Lofanitani, the same question to you again,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00298-00101251-00101461": "how did you enter a field arts of theater?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00299-00101575-00101802": "What was your journey to where you are now? For those out", "fDmQ5XB933g-00300-00101802-00102041": "there, again, all generations who want to pursue the arts,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00301-00102041-00102275": "as well as like any family history, even legacies", "fDmQ5XB933g-00302-00102275-00102484": "that also helped influence your direction.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00303-00102586-00102924": "Yeah. First of all, I'd just like to say burn it down!", "fDmQ5XB933g-00304-00103013-00103450": "I like, I love that! I love that. But let's see,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00305-00103620-00103920": "so, I was born in Portland, Oregon, and I was raised", "fDmQ5XB933g-00306-00103920-00104204": "by my mom and my grandmother and my kind of", "fDmQ5XB933g-00307-00104302-00104522": "like my family mostly. So I was born and raised in Portland,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00308-00104522-00104846": "Oregon in the city, and then also rurally on like my", "fDmQ5XB933g-00309-00104846-00105109": "reservation homelands in Southern Oregon.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00310-00105109-00105431": "So back and forth between Portland and Southern Oregon.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00311-00105550-00105764": "And so I feel like I came into the art world,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00312-00105764-00106082": "mostly through my mother. My mother is an artist.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00313-00106082-00106343": "She took me to school with her. I would go to some", "fDmQ5XB933g-00314-00106343-00106635": "of her classes. She majored in like some of the same majors,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00315-00106635-00107094": "like Native Studies and Ethnic Studies at the time.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00316-00107094-00107320": "But now it's Indigenous within Ethnic Studies.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00317-00107320-00107632": "So I remember going to classes with her, just watching her,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00318-00107632-00108015": "do her thing and get into her own, step into her own power", "fDmQ5XB933g-00319-00108015-00108186": "and her own art. And so I got to see that at an academic", "fDmQ5XB933g-00320-00108186-00108551": "level, and then going back and forth from the city", "fDmQ5XB933g-00321-00108551-00108808": "to the reservation, I got to see just like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00322-00108808-00108980": "her art with that.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00323-00108980-00109103": "And she even took me abroad to New Zealand to get her", "fDmQ5XB933g-00324-00109103-00109382": "Master's degree, and so I got to see Indigenous art", "fDmQ5XB933g-00325-00109382-00109820": "and like, yeah, because I think we went to New Zealand", "fDmQ5XB933g-00326-00109820-00110013": "because there wasn't that kind of Indigenous presence", "fDmQ5XB933g-00327-00110013-00110146": "on university campuses.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00328-00110230-00110468": "And so we had to go to a whole Indigenous area,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00329-00110468-00110808": "not in the US. So, I'm trying to think if I'm explaining", "fDmQ5XB933g-00330-00110808-00111200": "this good? Yeah, so anyway, born and raised rural, city,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00331-00111200-00111500": "and I just remember being in the studio with my mom doing,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00332-00111500-00111627": "watching her do her art.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00333-00111717-00112001": "She'd give me a canvas sometimes. I think in this city", "fDmQ5XB933g-00334-00112001-00112308": "for me, like, I'd see like children's programs like, oh,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00335-00112308-00112569": "theater brigade, like join our theater,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00336-00112569-00112757": "but there was a lot of students of no color. Like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00337-00112757-00112938": "and so it was just really like, I'll say you want me", "fDmQ5XB933g-00338-00112938-00113218": "to be a tree? I don't want to just be like a random tree", "fDmQ5XB933g-00339-00113218-00113533": "or like, say no, that does not sound true to me.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00340-00113533-00113753": "But I remember like writing these stories and like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00341-00113753-00113973": "it was always about my own experiences,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00342-00113973-00114169": "which like being a Black Indigenous woman and in my", "fDmQ5XB933g-00343-00114169-00114446": "experience can be very violent. So some of the topics,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00344-00114446-00114665": "like in first grade we would be like, oh yeah,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00345-00114665-00114938": "maybe not add that when we do show and tell, or like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00346-00114938-00115357": "I would tell stories rurally on the reservation.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00347-00115469-00115685": "Like I would, it was during like the rise and flip phone,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00348-00115685-00115851": "like had a really nice flip phone and I had a camera on it,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00349-00115851-00116105": "and I was just like, it was so great.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00350-00116105-00116296": "So I'd like take videos of us, like jumping off the bridge", "fDmQ5XB933g-00351-00116296-00116676": "into the water, like us going to the store or like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00352-00116766-00117124": "record fights. I was in like fight club. So I just like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00353-00117124-00117283": "we do different things and I would record them. I knew,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00354-00117283-00117705": "like on my iPod Touch, in like my, in my flip phone,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00355-00117705-00117863": "like I liked telling stories and I like recording them,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00356-00117863-00118079": "even though at the time it was really weird. Cause like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00357-00118079-00118352": "why are you recording us just doing what we do?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00358-00118352-00118435": "And now there's like, Rez-Kids.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00359-00118435-00118719": "And I'm like, I was doing Rez-Kids out here!", "fDmQ5XB933g-00360-00118941-00119171": "We're doing that kind of stuff. And so like on the rez,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00361-00119171-00119390": "I was like recording stuff, in the studio", "fDmQ5XB933g-00362-00119497-00119619": "I was trying to like write stories and I would like get the", "fDmQ5XB933g-00363-00119619-00120092": "kind of classes and exposure to like, academia, in like", "fDmQ5XB933g-00364-00120092-00120285": "school in the city that was not available on the", "fDmQ5XB933g-00365-00120285-00120616": "reservation. And so like, going back and forth,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00366-00120616-00120827": "I would like, I would like bring those two together.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00367-00120827-00120986": "And I would just like, you know?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00368-00121110-00121478": "And so, art from my mom, city and reservation experiences,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00369-00121478-00121658": "like figuring out, oh, I like to report,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00370-00121658-00121816": "oh, I like to tell stories.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00371-00121936-00122083": "I did a little bit of modeling.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00372-00122209-00122455": "And then I feel like once I got to college,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00373-00122455-00122725": "I kind of just calmed down and got more like, in like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00374-00122857-00122957": "I came in undecided,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00375-00123088-00123349": "but I was in the Native Studies program as like my minor.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00376-00123571-00123710": "And so there were a lot of classes where we would learn", "fDmQ5XB933g-00377-00123710-00123965": "about playwrights. We would watch Native and Indigenous,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00378-00123965-00124248": "like movies we'd watch Smoke Signals.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00379-00124248-00124503": "We'd watched like the movies that we had and stuff.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00380-00124621-00124768": "And so I got to get into that and like, okay, well,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00381-00124768-00125058": "what does Native art look like at a collegiate level?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00382-00125058-00125400": "What does it look like for me on the Rez and the city?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00383-00125400-00125601": "What does it look like for me with my mom?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00384-00125804-00126080": "And so I just kinda started liking stuff.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00385-00126175-00126423": "And then my Auntie Amber was like helping me out with stuff", "fDmQ5XB933g-00386-00126423-00126680": "and be like, 'You wanna become an ensemble member?'", "fDmQ5XB933g-00387-00126680-00126819": "And I was like, heck yes! And yeah.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00388-00127045-00127275": "So now I'm here in Sacramento, California.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00389-00127275-00127363": "Sorry, I'm really trying to think about like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00390-00127363-00127578": "I'm still like, learning about my own story", "fDmQ5XB933g-00391-00127733-00127895": "and how I've come to things.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00392-00127895-00128034": "Cause I really I'm starting to realize like, oh,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00393-00128034-00128190": "well I like doing that.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00394-00128190-00128466": "And that makes sense for me liking this now. Or like, yeah.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00395-00128466-00128782": "But I've never really thought, even though I was around art,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00396-00128782-00129079": "I never really thought that there was a place for me", "fDmQ5XB933g-00397-00129079-00129197": "or I never really thought like, oh,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00398-00129197-00129558": "most coming of age stories about young women are usually", "fDmQ5XB933g-00399-00129558-00129802": "young white women and they can like talk back to their", "fDmQ5XB933g-00400-00129802-00130018": "parents. They can sneak out and go drink.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00401-00130018-00130247": "And I was like, I can't do those things while I'm like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00402-00130247-00130618": "the new population is heavily like hurt by a lot of the", "fDmQ5XB933g-00403-00130618-00130725": "things. It's just like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00404-00130725-00131077": "I just didn't see myself in a lot of like media portrayals.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00405-00131207-00131290": "I didn't see myself in these spaces,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00406-00131290-00131430": "even though I was around art,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00407-00131608-00131809": "but, we're here and I know I will get better at telling", "fDmQ5XB933g-00408-00131809-00132183": "my story and more, but yeah,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00409-00132183-00132606": "I think it was just like getting opportunities and like help", "fDmQ5XB933g-00410-00132692-00133099": "from getting mentoring from family and being,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00411-00133099-00133338": "yeah, just like, yes.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00412-00133703-00133962": "Yes, well just affirming your storytelling too.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00413-00133962-00134194": "Cause like even the few projects that I've been with you on,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00414-00134194-00134447": "like the way you write a script or bring a story together,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00415-00134447-00134691": "I'm like, this is brilliant Lofani,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00416-00134895-00135089": "cause then it's also transitioned to you being into", "fDmQ5XB933g-00417-00135089-00135360": "like Tik Tok, like you,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00418-00135360-00135468": "that's what you're really doing right now too,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00419-00135468-00135695": "As a Gen Z activist,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00420-00135695-00135965": "you're breaking down with like the narrow stereotypes,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00421-00136088-00136210": "the Native monolith. Do you want to talk about that too?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00422-00136210-00136365": "Like what your work on Tik TOK?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00423-00136499-00136735": "Yeah. Most definitely.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00424-00136735-00136974": "So during the side of the pandemic, it was like, oh,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00425-00136974-00137200": "Tik Tok's up, and I was like, Tik Tok?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00426-00137200-00137355": "And so like I got on Tik Tok.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00427-00137355-00137626": "I started making Tik Toks about like Chiloquin Oregon,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00428-00137626-00137853": "which is like the rez area, my homelands.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00429-00137948-00138249": "And I started making Tik Toks like, in my Black Indigenous", "fDmQ5XB933g-00430-00138249-00138510": "lens, like what it means to be Native,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00431-00138510-00138721": "what it means to be a woman,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00432-00138721-00138804": "what it means to be Black when it means", "fDmQ5XB933g-00433-00138804-00138887": "to be Indigenous, Tongan.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00434-00138975-00139296": "And like some of our issues on the rez that are happening,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00435-00139296-00139584": "like what's happening with the climate tribes and how I", "fDmQ5XB933g-00436-00139584-00139790": "experienced that through my own lens. And like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00437-00139790-00140162": "I feel like the main being that people think about Native", "fDmQ5XB933g-00438-00140162-00140455": "Americans is like, 1: Where we don't exist,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00439-00140455-00140753": "2: We look like the lady on the Land O'Lakes Butter,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00440-00140844-00141126": "3: We're just like, just like all of these things,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00441-00141126-00141360": "and I just knew growing up.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00442-00141360-00141567": "Like I was never like this. And like, I'm like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00443-00141567-00141905": "I wanted to just show like what my lens looked like.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00444-00141905-00142150": "And like with Tik Tok you have 7 seconds for like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00445-00142150-00142345": "to catch someone's full attention, and you have 3 seconds", "fDmQ5XB933g-00446-00142345-00142644": "to just grab it and 7 seconds to keep them with you.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00447-00142644-00142805": "And so I was just like, what could I share?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00448-00142805-00143010": "And it's really basic. So it was just like, oh,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00449-00143010-00143232": "what tribes am I from? And I would just be like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00450-00143232-00143565": "boom, boom, boom, add some music, add some texts.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00451-00143565-00143728": "And like people would see it,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00452-00143728-00143998": "but I didn't realize like it was something that would be", "fDmQ5XB933g-00453-00143998-00144257": "helpful for people to visually see,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00454-00144257-00144474": "because visually we're usually in roles", "fDmQ5XB933g-00455-00144474-00144621": "that don't protect us,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00456-00144621-00145023": "and don't help us with our narratives or our story or help", "fDmQ5XB933g-00457-00145023-00145251": "us stand around in our own power. So I was like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00458-00145251-00145431": "you know what, if I can't get into,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00459-00145431-00145656": "if I can't get signed to an agency,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00460-00145656-00145740": "if I can get into this movie,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00461-00145740-00145943": "what if I just create my own space for that?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00462-00146219-00146394": "And so, yeah, I just make mostly Tik Toks", "fDmQ5XB933g-00463-00146394-00146798": "about like tribal issues. I try to advocate for my tribes,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00464-00146798-00147041": "for myself and my own experiences, because there are so many", "fDmQ5XB933g-00465-00147041-00147376": "Black, Native, Black Indigenous people out there", "fDmQ5XB933g-00466-00147376-00147595": "who don't get representation.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00467-00147595-00147766": "And most people don't even know that we exist or that that's", "fDmQ5XB933g-00468-00147766-00148239": "a valid thing, just because of media's portrayal of Natives", "fDmQ5XB933g-00469-00148239-00148452": "in general, it's very violent.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00470-00148542-00148703": "But yeah, digital creation on Tik Tok is dope.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00471-00148703-00149022": "And like, I love music, you can add stuff.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00472-00149022-00149316": "And I found a pretty cool creative community of like Black", "fDmQ5XB933g-00473-00149316-00149635": "Indigenous, Indigenous and Native creators.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00474-00149635-00150048": "And I like, let's see what they post and yeah,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00475-00150048-00150202": "it's really cool. And it's a big,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00476-00150202-00150702": "I feel like Tik Tok's a big difference from like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00477-00150715-00150798": "cause like all virtual,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00478-00150798-00151016": "you get like all different kinds of people.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00479-00151016-00151286": "We can like talk about things because over the screen,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00480-00151373-00151503": "you can't like, no one's going to shoot you", "fDmQ5XB933g-00481-00151503-00151714": "if you talk about what you want to talk about,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00482-00151714-00151845": "like necessarily over the screen,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00483-00151845-00152103": "like I can talk about this and feel safe in myself,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00484-00152103-00152415": "but like in person out here, like not just in Sacramento,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00485-00152415-00152638": "but just like in person, it's just like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00486-00152638-00153014": "it's harder to create and stand in your power because there", "fDmQ5XB933g-00487-00153014-00153333": "is like those aspects of violence that are very physical", "fDmQ5XB933g-00488-00153333-00153636": "and in person. So I found like, a lot of creative freedom", "fDmQ5XB933g-00489-00153636-00153940": "and like expression for myself virtually just because", "fDmQ5XB933g-00490-00153940-00154153": "it feels safer even though it's not safe.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00491-00154457-00154724": "Yes, thank you for sharing. That actually kind of then", "fDmQ5XB933g-00492-00154724-00154952": "leads us into the next part of the conversation.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00493-00154952-00155231": "I think I'd love to hear more from each of you.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00494-00155231-00155651": "It's just diving into your work's methodology and practices.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00495-00155651-00155895": "Each of you has amazing careers in storytelling.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00496-00155997-00156134": "And you all have delved into theater and digital", "fDmQ5XB933g-00497-00156134-00156408": "storytelling. So I was hoping you can share with us", "fDmQ5XB933g-00498-00156408-00156742": "your methodology or approach telling and sharing a story,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00499-00156742-00157027": "as well as the importance, maybe even a specific project.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00500-00157220-00157408": "Murielle, you've finished Tipi Tales from the Stoop earlier", "fDmQ5XB933g-00501-00157408-00157604": "this year, and converted it to a short film", "fDmQ5XB933g-00502-00157604-00158040": "with Safe Harbors NYC and then Reflections and Native Voices", "fDmQ5XB933g-00503-00158040-00158290": "Festival. So this story follows your family as well as", "fDmQ5XB933g-00504-00158290-00158576": "the history of Native American law and policy aligned", "fDmQ5XB933g-00505-00158576-00158722": "with it. I was wondering,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00506-00158722-00159041": "can you share with us the process of how you just start", "fDmQ5XB933g-00507-00159041-00159367": "sharing a story? As well as the importance and relevance", "fDmQ5XB933g-00508-00159367-00159573": "today of this story, with the history of shared,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00509-00159573-00159885": "and all these cycles that appear through our histories,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00510-00160133-00160476": "I'm interested really, is I'm interested in flawed people.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00511-00160612-00160904": "And I think if you are a normal person, you have no place", "fDmQ5XB933g-00512-00160904-00161176": "in my plays or on stage with me. Ha ha ha.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00513-00161534-00161777": "I love people who are comically flawed, tragic,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00514-00161777-00161933": "tragically flawed.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00515-00162167-00162435": "And I forgot to neglect earlier that one of the,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00516-00162435-00162828": "the main part of my work is making a safe place called", "fDmQ5XB933g-00517-00162828-00163156": "safe harbors, but making a safe place for you to correct.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00518-00163322-00163586": "That the mistake, if there is a mistake, isn't really", "fDmQ5XB933g-00519-00163586-00164062": "a mistake, right? The mistake is, can be something brilliant", "fDmQ5XB933g-00520-00164062-00164337": "if you turn it around, if you do it in a different way,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00521-00164423-00164880": "I learned from my family and a Spiderwoman methodology", "fDmQ5XB933g-00522-00164880-00165092": "and technique of story weaving, you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00523-00165192-00165525": "and I really do that sometimes. And then sometimes I just,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00524-00165525-00165772": "when I want to get stories out from other people, than I", "fDmQ5XB933g-00525-00165772-00166151": "write it down, I figure out how that's going to be done.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00526-00166151-00166408": "But sometimes I just write, and I just write", "fDmQ5XB933g-00527-00166408-00166771": "monologues first, and sometimes the monologue turns", "fDmQ5XB933g-00528-00166771-00167271": "into a scene. And so then you take one thing of a monologue,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00529-00167288-00167384": "you put it somewhere's, oh,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00530-00167384-00167555": "this is for something different.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00531-00167660-00167949": "And that's what happened with Tipi Tales is because I had", "fDmQ5XB933g-00532-00167949-00168294": "all of these, because there were certain things that people", "fDmQ5XB933g-00533-00168294-00168422": "said to me after Don't be the Indians,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00534-00168422-00168757": "at Divine Comedy Pageant. They, a lot of different people", "fDmQ5XB933g-00535-00168757-00169178": "said, the next play you do is about your family and theater", "fDmQ5XB933g-00536-00169178-00169346": "and your family in New York City.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00537-00169501-00169761": "Because, really what I was talking about was tropes.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00538-00169932-00170280": "And I was talking about when the laughter is no longer,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00539-00170505-00170816": "at, with you, it's at you and for the expense of a white", "fDmQ5XB933g-00540-00170816-00171013": "audience, right?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00541-00171013-00171262": "So the whole idea of Don't Feed the Indians was,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00542-00171262-00171511": "what does it mean to survive in all of this?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00543-00171511-00171844": "What does it mean to, how do you make money?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00544-00171844-00172018": "How do you live? You know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00545-00172130-00172299": "and there was a lot of showbiz times that all of us", "fDmQ5XB933g-00546-00172299-00172652": "had to do for our families? How to do things to live,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00547-00172652-00173101": "because we weren't allowed to practice our culture", "fDmQ5XB933g-00548-00173101-00173486": "and practice our language and practice, you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00549-00173486-00173641": "any of those things, it was outlawed.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00550-00173641-00173903": "And a lot of people don't know that, right?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00551-00174003-00174217": "So they get into a room with us, a lot of people,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00552-00174217-00174513": "and they wonder why we have this attitude. We're like, no,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00553-00174513-00174809": "this is our land, you know, land, you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00554-00174809-00175157": "we acknowledge where we are, who we are, what clans we are,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00555-00175264-00175471": "where we're from and our family history.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00556-00175608-00175959": "And part of that family history for me is I grew up in", "fDmQ5XB933g-00557-00175959-00176265": "Brooklyn in a really urban experience when it was an all", "fDmQ5XB933g-00558-00176358-00176441": "Italian neighborhood.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00559-00176582-00176744": "And for many, many years, people, you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00560-00176744-00177113": "what happens in particularly in New York is that other", "fDmQ5XB933g-00561-00177113-00177316": "people come here and they say, oh, well, you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00562-00177316-00177616": "there's no Indians in New York. So let's make up history.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00563-00177751-00177992": "And I'm a believer like, hey, we're here,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00564-00177992-00178075": "what do you mean? We weren't allowed to,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00565-00178075-00178486": "we couldn't to another, we, as I have about this,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00566-00178486-00178732": "how about me? Cause I can't speak for anyone but myself.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00567-00178732-00179185": "I can't go to another community and say, oh, you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00568-00179185-00179379": "this is the original land of so-and-so.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00569-00179379-00179598": "You need to honor them. I can't do that.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00570-00179598-00179829": "You know, that's against our ways.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00571-00179952-00180247": "So that's the idea of talking about our community and where", "fDmQ5XB933g-00572-00180375-00180520": "we're coming from in our community. Right?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00573-00180520-00180743": "And what are these stories?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00574-00180743-00180938": "What are these different stories?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00575-00180938-00181365": "Tipi Tales itself, is about crossing barriers", "fDmQ5XB933g-00576-00181365-00181642": "because my story can be your story. Your story could be my", "fDmQ5XB933g-00577-00181642-00181974": "story, but this is my particular story. Right?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00578-00182149-00182483": "And nor does one Native story represent all Native people.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00579-00182579-00182795": "And that's what people really don't understand.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00580-00182795-00182950": "I'm just telling my story.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00581-00182950-00183214": "I'm talking about being an Indian, who,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00582-00183214-00183468": "who calls herself an Indian and with other Indians,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00583-00183468-00183928": "you know, and doesn't like to be in the woods. Right.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00584-00184253-00184409": "And I've heard people say,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00585-00184409-00184606": "you need to get back down to earth. No, thank you.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00586-00184606-00184902": "I'm done. I'm done with the, I live in Jersey now,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00587-00184902-00185109": "I could barely take care of Z.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00588-00185109-00185233": "I'm like, I need New York.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00589-00185233-00185518": "Yeah. I can't, I can't do this anymore, but you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00590-00185518-00185725": "if I have to go to the woods, I'll go on a vacation.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00591-00185725-00186132": "You know, I know, you know, you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00592-00186132-00186241": "like Boca or something, but I'm not, you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00593-00186241-00186488": "if I have to go in and do a religious practice,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00594-00186778-00187278": "I go back to those ceremonies that I know I have to do.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00595-00187316-00187664": "Right? But if you become this anomaly or, if that's", "fDmQ5XB933g-00596-00187664-00188129": "the correct word on being an urban Indian, right.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00597-00188129-00188353": "Cause everyone's always assuming you don't know about", "fDmQ5XB933g-00598-00188353-00188522": "anything. You know? I mean,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00599-00188522-00188840": "same thing when you were telling the stories about,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00600-00188840-00189037": "when I was in New York, just working as an actress.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00601-00189037-00189332": "I, you know, I was told all kinds of things.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00602-00189332-00189608": "I was told you didn't look Indian enough. You,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00603-00189608-00189874": "you shouldn't like you ever think about, oh,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00604-00189874-00190083": "I have so many stories. Like let's, you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00605-00190083-00190406": "you should look like a grunge, this grunge was in,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00606-00190406-00190561": "I think I'm dating myself.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00607-00190561-00190805": "And I did my hair dark and I did this curly thing.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00608-00190805-00190908": "And they were like, you know, you'd have to look goth,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00609-00190908-00191138": "and I made my face like light, light, light,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00610-00191138-00191289": "and I went like this, and my husband looked at me,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00611-00191289-00191422": "he said, are you sick?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00612-00191508-00191717": "I said, this is the new look. Ha ha ha.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00613-00191717-00191902": "And he was like, for who?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00614-00191902-00192033": "Ha ha ha.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00615-00192033-00192116": "Oh, you know, I mean,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00616-00192116-00192350": "there was like all these different looks that, you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00617-00192350-00192610": "you have to grease up your hair and you black it.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00618-00192741-00192839": "You know, it was like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00619-00192839-00192974": "because you're never going to be called in", "fDmQ5XB933g-00620-00192974-00193253": "for a Native part. And again, I couldn't perm my hair.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00621-00193253-00193537": "I can't keep my hair short like this, you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00622-00193537-00193751": "because Native people don't have curly hair in their", "fDmQ5XB933g-00623-00193751-00194055": "eyes. They don't have short hair, right?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00624-00194055-00194555": "And so, and so that, that trope continues.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00625-00194651-00194997": "Right. And also it continues in body, in body issues", "fDmQ5XB933g-00626-00195104-00195421": "and where we are even going as a country and how we see", "fDmQ5XB933g-00627-00195421-00195730": "Native people. You know, you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00628-00195730-00196137": "a lot of women are extremely sexualized, and you can go", "fDmQ5XB933g-00629-00196137-00196434": "all the way back to boarding schools.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00630-00196551-00196863": "Right? The boarding school is the core, is the core.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00631-00196948-00197153": "All of us who have been there, 2 generations,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00632-00197153-00197418": "1 generation boarding school.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00633-00197418-00197583": "And some of us are not even that far.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00634-00197756-00198035": "So that's what my play Tipi Tales is about why that fear,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00635-00198035-00198239": "why that neuroses, fear, you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00636-00198340-00198628": "how we only stuck together and how it was embedded in us,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00637-00198628-00198791": "you know, to stay with your community.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00638-00198791-00199046": "Don't let people in your house, you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00639-00199046-00199250": "which I ring true the other day,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00640-00199250-00199635": "I let someone in my house and they fined me for having", "fDmQ5XB933g-00641-00199635-00199811": "an ashtray, ha ha ha.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00642-00199993-00200269": "So going back that you don't let people back in your house,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00643-00200362-00200588": "but why is that? Why is that?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00644-00200588-00200751": "It doesn't just come from the air,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00645-00200751-00200976": "this mistrusting that we have for government,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00646-00201062-00201305": "this mistrusting that we have for institutions.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00647-00201305-00201805": "We are a true mistrust, because these institutions and, have", "fDmQ5XB933g-00648-00201854-00202188": "really done things to us, you know?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00649-00202188-00202386": "And we're seeing that again. You know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00650-00202386-00202620": "we kind of see that with the vaccine too.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00651-00202620-00203016": "A lot of people are so scared of the vaccine", "fDmQ5XB933g-00652-00203016-00203280": "because of those, those, those reasons.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00653-00203280-00203680": "Right. And COVID what it did was it made us,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00654-00203680-00203799": "we had to stay home.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00655-00203799-00204070": "We had to sit with ourselves and we had to think about what", "fDmQ5XB933g-00656-00204070-00204421": "is at the core, what is the core of generations?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00657-00204421-00204844": "Right? And the thing for me was it was boarding schools.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00658-00204844-00205060": "And people have been talking about this week, you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00659-00205060-00205448": "it just got discovered for some reason, you know, I, I,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00660-00205448-00205767": "that makes me crazy, you know, okay.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00661-00205767-00205883": "It's been discovered no, every day,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00662-00205883-00206269": "all of us are living with the reality that we come from", "fDmQ5XB933g-00663-00206364-00206579": "a place that some of us don't speak our language", "fDmQ5XB933g-00664-00206579-00206853": "because of boarding schools.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00665-00206853-00207221": "So you had a whole house, everyone spoke their language,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00666-00207221-00207433": "and then you have a mother who didn't. So you only see,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00667-00207433-00207777": "could only understand. And then you, you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00668-00207777-00208116": "little by little and know how that was, you know, and you,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00669-00208116-00208396": "you see this, you see this in many communities, you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00670-00208396-00208746": "many different communities. So that is really my work is,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00671-00208746-00209054": "but how do you do it in a comic light? Right?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00672-00209054-00209478": "And I always think of comedy. Like, you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00673-00209478-00209792": "you have to serve a spaghetti and enchilada, right?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00674-00209792-00210033": "Not spaghetti enchilada, it's spinach enchilada.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00675-00210177-00210421": "And you want to put some like a lot of cheese in it to make", "fDmQ5XB933g-00676-00210421-00210723": "it unhealthy, but there's still spinach.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00677-00210723-00211106": "So that's how they get you to nutrition.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00678-00211219-00211719": "But you put some stuff in there to make it, you know, tasty.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00679-00211751-00212003": "And that's how I feel about comedy. Let's make it funny.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00680-00212003-00212325": "It's not all funny, but you know, I'm a little,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00681-00212325-00212515": "I would like to practice joy,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00682-00212515-00212758": "as we say all the time of our culture.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00683-00212758-00213026": "Yes, a lot was taken away, but the joy that we still", "fDmQ5XB933g-00684-00213026-00213173": "are here, right?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00685-00213173-00213379": "We have these great voices we're being seen", "fDmQ5XB933g-00686-00213379-00213694": "on television now, we're doing, you know, we're really an,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00687-00213694-00214098": "you know, to me, that is, and I think we even have further", "fDmQ5XB933g-00688-00214098-00214435": "to go really, really, really, you know, instead of,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00689-00214435-00214848": "you know, how do we not typecast?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00690-00214848-00214985": "You know, that's a key, you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00691-00214985-00215369": "how do we not typecast if we want to do, you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00692-00215369-00215869": "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, for example? No, it's never written.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00693-00215947-00216062": "Maggie as white, never.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00694-00216348-00216612": "So it's never written that it's a Nat- that it's a", "fDmQ5XB933g-00695-00216612-00217112": "non-person of color family Ipsen, maybe, you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00696-00217134-00217391": "but it's never written that way. You know?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00697-00217526-00217739": "So I think those things are very interesting.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00698-00217739-00217969": "And then from there you bring your own stories, you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00699-00217969-00218338": "why can't, Auntie Mame be a boarding school survivor", "fDmQ5XB933g-00700-00218338-00218583": "and saves their nephew? I don't know.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00701-00218583-00218784": "But something like that, you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00702-00218784-00218870": "that's what that's kind of,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00703-00218870-00219182": "my work is taking things and putting it, making it funny,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00704-00219182-00219366": "but then really hard punching at the end.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00705-00219501-00219842": "Yes. And it's, as for joy to Tipi Tales just,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00706-00219974-00220131": "was a ball of comedy and joy.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00707-00220131-00220256": "And you directed it!", "fDmQ5XB933g-00708-00220256-00220448": "Well what happened with thing with you was the most", "fDmQ5XB933g-00709-00220448-00220685": "wonderful thing, ha ha ha, although you were", "fDmQ5XB933g-00710-00220685-00220830": "a stand up comedian.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00711-00220830-00221040": "And you directed it Amber!", "fDmQ5XB933g-00712-00221040-00221123": "She never always keeps that out.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00713-00221123-00221376": "Her just being, they told me what to do.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00714-00221376-00221653": "Morgan was our dramaturge, my dramaturge said to her,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00715-00221745-00221902": "whatever you do, Amber don't trust Murielle,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00716-00221902-00222181": "because she will cut all her monologues down to 5", "fDmQ5XB933g-00717-00222181-00222461": "sentences. Cause she'll say, she doesn't like saying it.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00718-00222461-00222723": "And she just takes, she takes with that pen.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00719-00222723-00222838": "Do not let her cut everything.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00720-00223104-00223190": "Murielle, get back to work.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00721-00223303-00223540": "I'm catching me, you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00722-00223540-00223714": "and then Josephine would call cause it was during", "fDmQ5XB933g-00723-00223714-00224108": "this pandemic, we made this film and my daughter", "fDmQ5XB933g-00724-00224108-00224421": "was a director here was, and then, and she would call up", "fDmQ5XB933g-00725-00224421-00224716": "Amber and she'd say, did you say that Amber? I said,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00726-00224716-00224892": "Amber told me to do it this way. Amber was like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00727-00224892-00225004": "I never said that.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00728-00225094-00225344": "(women laugh)", "fDmQ5XB933g-00729-00225546-00225630": "Yeah.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00730-00225739-00225989": "That's what I just yeah. Love about each of you too.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00731-00225989-00226173": "It was just centering joy. Even in this conversation,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00732-00226173-00226442": "the joy that I've been brought in, so thank you for bringing", "fDmQ5XB933g-00733-00226442-00226942": "that up. Jeanette, I wanted to turn it over to you.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00734-00226946-00227298": "You have such an extensive career interweaving", "fDmQ5XB933g-00735-00227298-00227651": "your theatrical experience within film and TV.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00736-00227651-00227941": "You shepherded more than 20 new plays to world premiere", "fDmQ5XB933g-00737-00227941-00228133": "productions, a part of the groundbreaking", "fDmQ5XB933g-00738-00228133-00228423": "AlterLab playwright residency program.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00739-00228423-00228661": "I was hoping you would talk to us about your process of", "fDmQ5XB933g-00740-00228661-00229068": "selections, stewarding work methodology for the program.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00741-00229068-00229268": "It's kind of a large question,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00742-00229268-00229428": "but it's just something that's so important in how you've", "fDmQ5XB933g-00743-00229428-00229623": "just supported all these playwrights.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00744-00229794-00229994": "I love talking about AlterLab.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00745-00229994-00230144": "I am happy to talk about that.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00746-00230262-00230384": "It's one of the things that I'm most excited about,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00747-00230384-00230667": "and it's also a lot easier for me not to be talking about", "fDmQ5XB933g-00748-00230667-00231091": "myself, Lofanitani, I so identified with what you", "fDmQ5XB933g-00749-00231091-00231381": "said about, I'm still learning to tell my story", "fDmQ5XB933g-00750-00231469-00231700": "and you know, one of the things that I've been grappling", "fDmQ5XB933g-00751-00231700-00231884": "with, I'm sorry, tangent.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00752-00231884-00232154": "But one of the things that I've been grappling with is", "fDmQ5XB933g-00753-00232245-00232514": "realizing that I have learned to make myself and my story", "fDmQ5XB933g-00754-00232514-00232961": "palatable for, for people who come from a certain privileged", "fDmQ5XB933g-00755-00232961-00233166": "background. And, you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00756-00233166-00233473": "there are lots of things about myself that I don't share", "fDmQ5XB933g-00757-00233566-00233873": "because the majority of the people around me don't get it", "fDmQ5XB933g-00758-00233873-00234030": "and can't get it.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00759-00234030-00234530": "And rather than it being something that leads to anything", "fDmQ5XB933g-00760-00234609-00234966": "positive or, you know, greater understanding or anything,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00761-00234966-00235239": "it just, it puts up a barrier and a wall.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00762-00235371-00235687": "And yet it's just, it's a struggle too, because then you,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00763-00235687-00235996": "you find your identity bifurcating and you're yourself with", "fDmQ5XB933g-00764-00235996-00236255": "your family and with your community and you're somebody else", "fDmQ5XB933g-00765-00236255-00236553": "in your professional spaces. And so for me,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00766-00236553-00236810": "I think at this point in my career,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00767-00236810-00237006": "I am at a point where I don't, I don't really care anymore.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00768-00237104-00237303": "So like, being myself and fully myself and all the", "fDmQ5XB933g-00769-00237303-00237707": "the spaces that I inhabit is something that I'm looking", "fDmQ5XB933g-00770-00237707-00238165": "forward to for this, this next part of my personal journey.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00771-00238253-00238465": "So I just, I love you for naming that and being able to name", "fDmQ5XB933g-00772-00238465-00238747": "that because it's taken me like 20 years,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00773-00238747-00238896": "just to be able to even say that.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00774-00239116-00239236": "So, so back to AlterLab,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00775-00239465-00239908": "I would say that AlterLab, got started in part because, at", "fDmQ5XB933g-00776-00240085-00240341": "Alter Theater the company has always really been about", "fDmQ5XB933g-00777-00240341-00240671": "the creative growth of theater artists and supporting that.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00778-00240671-00240838": "And how do we do that?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00779-00240838-00241254": "And how do we make change in our community by supporting", "fDmQ5XB933g-00780-00241254-00241754": "artists? And what we, we started a commissioning program", "fDmQ5XB933g-00781-00241800-00242096": "first and we discovered", "fDmQ5XB933g-00782-00242096-00242427": "that we weren't really supporting playwrights.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00783-00242427-00242616": "We were supporting a play,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00784-00242616-00242946": "we were supporting a product and we wanted to be more about", "fDmQ5XB933g-00785-00242946-00243346": "the process. And so Todd London published this book", "fDmQ5XB933g-00786-00243346-00243735": "and did a bunch of research called Outrageous Fortune", "fDmQ5XB933g-00787-00243735-00244051": "the Life and Times in the New American Play.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00788-00244051-00244265": "And he had conversations all over the country,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00789-00244265-00244348": "including a really great one at Berkeley,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00790-00244348-00244526": "California at the Aurora Theater, that I was at,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00791-00244678-00244966": "and Octavio Solis was at, and a whole bunch of Bay area,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00792-00245059-00245376": "new play practitioners and playwrights and creators", "fDmQ5XB933g-00793-00245477-00245570": "and producers were at.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00794-00245741-00246038": "And so like the, the conversation ended officially,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00795-00246038-00246253": "they kicked us out of the theater and a whole group of us", "fDmQ5XB933g-00796-00246253-00246336": "was like outside the door,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00797-00246336-00246701": "still like talking and talking and talking and talking.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00798-00246701-00246888": "And one by one people were peeling off.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00799-00246888-00247067": "And then finally there were 5 of us left.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00800-00247250-00247521": "And then like, I forget who said it, but one of us said,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00801-00247521-00247735": "you know what? Let's just, let's go out for lunch", "fDmQ5XB933g-00802-00247735-00247935": "and let's continue the conversation.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00803-00247935-00248112": "And so 3 more people peeled away and it was just me", "fDmQ5XB933g-00804-00248112-00248604": "and Octavio. And we essentially hammered out like, what,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00805-00248604-00248933": "what do, what does, what do Bay area playwrights need", "fDmQ5XB933g-00806-00248933-00249203": "to truly be supported as artists?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00807-00249316-00249548": "And so then I went out and I talked one-on-one", "fDmQ5XB933g-00808-00249689-00249922": "with other Bay area, playwrights asking, what do you need?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00809-00249922-00250056": "What barriers are you hitting?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00810-00250056-00250421": "What can help propel you to the next stage of your career?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00811-00250421-00250581": "And if you're art making.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00812-00250714-00251205": "And so from those conversations I created and, and,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00813-00251205-00251443": "you know, usually at Alter Theater", "fDmQ5XB933g-00814-00251443-00251606": "it's really, the ensemble is creating things,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00815-00251606-00251890": "but this is something that I came up with and I rammed it", "fDmQ5XB933g-00816-00251890-00252111": "down their throats. And I just, I, we're doing this.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00817-00252111-00252537": "And luckily, everybody else was thoroughly onboard.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00818-00252537-00252860": "But man, that, that first meeting when I proposed this, I,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00819-00252860-00253125": "my heart was like beating so hard,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00820-00253275-00253516": "but there are 3 things, it's meant to be a", "fDmQ5XB933g-00821-00253516-00253851": "playwright centered and playwright empowered residency.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00822-00253984-00254304": "And there are only 3 things that Alter Theater asks of", "fDmQ5XB933g-00823-00254304-00254516": "its, of each playwright cohort.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00824-00254629-00255079": "One is that they self identify a creative risk or artistic", "fDmQ5XB933g-00825-00255079-00255391": "challenge that they want to take with their work.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00826-00255391-00255643": "And it can be about product. It can be about process.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00827-00255643-00255738": "It can be anything.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00828-00255831-00255973": "We had one playwright who came in and said,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00829-00255973-00256196": "it takes me 3 years to write a play,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00830-00256287-00256607": "the fact that you require us to write a play in one year,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00831-00256831-00257081": "that's my challenge. I have to make a serious change", "fDmQ5XB933g-00832-00257081-00257328": "in my process to be able to accomplish this.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00833-00257328-00257653": "The second part is that you have to support your fellow", "fDmQ5XB933g-00834-00257653-00258011": "writers in, in the residency.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00835-00258011-00258315": "And that includes holding them accountable to the challenges", "fDmQ5XB933g-00836-00258315-00258721": "that they name. And then you have to write a new play", "fDmQ5XB933g-00837-00258721-00258969": "over the course of the year. Everything else is up", "fDmQ5XB933g-00838-00258969-00259439": "to the playwright. And it's been really exciting. I,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00839-00259439-00259859": "I'm always shocked by how different each playwright", "fDmQ5XB933g-00840-00259859-00260169": "cohort is. Some of them meet monthly.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00841-00260169-00260425": "Some of them bring in pages.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00842-00260425-00260676": "Some of them like meet quarterly for like really intensive", "fDmQ5XB933g-00843-00260676-00260992": "weekends. Some of them are like, bring me dramaturges,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00844-00260992-00261310": "some of them are, keep the dramaturges out!", "fDmQ5XB933g-00845-00261310-00261523": "And this most recent cohort was,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00846-00261523-00261757": "which is the first time we're doing it on zoom.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00847-00261757-00261986": "Like one of the things we have a very active ensemble", "fDmQ5XB933g-00848-00261986-00262170": "company and they all love new work.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00849-00262170-00262399": "And we have actors who were like, yes,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00850-00262399-00262617": "let me come in and read some new pages.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00851-00262715-00262928": "And so like, we'll have like 10, 15 new pages", "fDmQ5XB933g-00852-00262928-00263174": "from a playwright. We'll have actors come in and read them", "fDmQ5XB933g-00853-00263174-00263440": "so that the playwrights can hear them out loud.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00854-00263440-00263691": "And these playwrights are like, no,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00855-00263691-00263864": "I'm not ready for actors.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00856-00263864-00264036": "We'll just read them amongst ourselves.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00857-00264036-00264201": "Just the playwrights can read it.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00858-00264315-00264455": "And I even have one playwright, who's like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00859-00264455-00264727": "it just makes me anxious to hear the word,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00860-00264727-00264932": "to hear the work out loud.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00861-00264932-00265077": "Can you guys just read it ahead of time?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00862-00265077-00265476": "And then we can discuss the play. And I'm like, cool.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00863-00265583-00265867": "You know, I think that so many new work programs are really", "fDmQ5XB933g-00864-00265867-00266246": "geared around the institution. And what,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00865-00266246-00266699": "what has somebody at the institution decided is a good way", "fDmQ5XB933g-00866-00266792-00267149": "to develop and create new work. And they forget", "fDmQ5XB933g-00867-00267149-00267296": "to check in with the artists.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00868-00267444-00267749": "One of the things that our playwrights in our most recent", "fDmQ5XB933g-00869-00267749-00268077": "AlterLab, this current cohort is meeting once a month", "fDmQ5XB933g-00870-00268077-00268285": "on zoom for 3 hours.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00871-00268285-00268686": "So we just had our monthly meeting a couple of days ago.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00872-00268810-00268976": "And like 3 of our writers were like, man,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00873-00268976-00269435": "I just cannot write at home. I wish I had a place to go to.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00874-00269435-00269833": "And this is the first cohort where I've had people say that.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00875-00269833-00270093": "And I don't know if that's a function of the pandemic or,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00876-00270093-00270552": "you know, if it's these particular writers, but, you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00877-00270552-00270890": "I always ask, I always invite everybody to ask for what", "fDmQ5XB933g-00878-00270890-00271238": "support they need. We're a teeny tiny theater company,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00879-00271334-00271748": "brutally unresourced, but sometimes I have access to really", "fDmQ5XB933g-00880-00271748-00272073": "unexpected things. And if I don't have access,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00881-00272073-00272349": "maybe I can create a partnership to get you access to that", "fDmQ5XB933g-00882-00272349-00272543": "resource. So I always say,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00883-00272543-00272745": "ask for whatever it is that you need.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00884-00272937-00273308": "And, and, and so that's, that's really the heart of the,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00885-00273308-00273486": "of the program.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00886-00273486-00273685": "It's been incredibly diverse,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00887-00273685-00273997": "more than two third thirds of the writers are BIPOC,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00888-00273997-00274240": "85% of writers have been women.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00889-00274405-00274804": "And I think what's also really great is that the program", "fDmQ5XB933g-00890-00274804-00275169": "proves that being invested in the artist and the process,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00891-00275285-00275445": "ultimately works.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00892-00275567-00275906": "It results in really great work because our plays and our", "fDmQ5XB933g-00893-00275906-00276186": "playwrights are going on to other theaters.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00894-00276313-00276510": "One of the first plays we produced, the one of the first", "fDmQ5XB933g-00895-00276510-00276819": "place we developed and then produced was picked up by Oregon", "fDmQ5XB933g-00896-00276819-00277017": "Shakespeare Festival for their season.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00897-00277183-00277531": "Larissa FastHorse was twice commissioned with us before she", "fDmQ5XB933g-00898-00277531-00277753": "went to playwrights horizons and became the first Native,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00899-00277753-00277918": "hopefully not the last,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00900-00278019-00278396": "just the first Native playwright produced off Broadway.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00901-00278396-00278646": "So we have these success stories and more and more theaters", "fDmQ5XB933g-00902-00278646-00278984": "are starting to look at our writers and wanting to build", "fDmQ5XB933g-00903-00278984-00279212": "partnerships and asking for plays as opposed to me calling", "fDmQ5XB933g-00904-00279212-00279370": "them up and say, Hey, remember me,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00905-00279370-00279677": "we met at that TCG conference and I knew that your theater", "fDmQ5XB933g-00906-00279783-00279866": "is interested in this.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00907-00279866-00280124": "And boy, do I have a BIPOC writer for you to read?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00908-00280247-00280468": "You know? And, and so it's,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00909-00280468-00280803": "it's about that commitment to the artists,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00910-00280803-00281184": "not just to the product and the commitment to the artist", "fDmQ5XB933g-00911-00281184-00281585": "includes helping them get to wherever they next want to go.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00912-00281686-00282025": "And, you know, using whatever resources and relationships", "fDmQ5XB933g-00913-00282025-00282366": "I have and can develop to help them with that.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00914-00282366-00282769": "And, and also it's a multi-year thing too, because where,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00915-00282769-00283037": "you know, if I don't have relationships that can help them", "fDmQ5XB933g-00916-00283037-00283386": "with their goal, they start with us before they write", "fDmQ5XB933g-00917-00283386-00283750": "a single word. So I have like a good year and a half", "fDmQ5XB933g-00918-00283750-00283991": "to go develop those relationships and create those", "fDmQ5XB933g-00919-00283991-00284220": "resources, knock on wood.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00920-00284378-00284622": "And then the final thing that I'll just say about AlterLab,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00921-00284622-00284878": "that I think is so special is that", "fDmQ5XB933g-00922-00285091-00285365": "we produce a 100% of our commissions.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00923-00285486-00285768": "And on average, about 75% of the work that we develop,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00924-00285926-00286314": "I dare any large regional theater company to match us.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00925-00286478-00286747": "It is not about let's get a commission and give it to the", "fDmQ5XB933g-00926-00286747-00287004": "BIPOC writers so we can show how, oh my God, oh,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00927-00287004-00287366": "I was about to like tell tales about somebody forgetting", "fDmQ5XB933g-00928-00287366-00287717": "that it wasn't just the 4 of us, but anyway, you know?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00929-00287821-00288094": "Yeah, yeah.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00930-00288094-00288423": "If you are not producing the work that you are developing,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00931-00288583-00288784": "are you really supporting that writer?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00932-00289391-00289891": "Agreed. I'm like mic drop. I know, well,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00933-00290007-00290262": "also just affirming, like the care that you provide", "fDmQ5XB933g-00934-00290370-00290573": "for each playwright is so important and just stewarding", "fDmQ5XB933g-00935-00290573-00290723": "that relationships. And I think that's such an important", "fDmQ5XB933g-00936-00290723-00290945": "part of your methodology too,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00937-00290945-00291245": "is just how you care for the relationships with the artists,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00938-00291354-00291563": "your companies, and that's something that's truly valuable", "fDmQ5XB933g-00939-00291563-00291758": "and important, especially in Native community.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00940-00291758-00291983": "So just celebrating that aspect of it too.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00941-00292177-00292456": "And Lofanitani, I forgot to mention and shout out", "fDmQ5XB933g-00942-00292456-00292591": "your Tik Tok when you were talking about it,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00943-00292591-00292950": "but Lofani's bio is listed in this whole series,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00944-00292950-00293062": "so follow Lofani's Tik Tok,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00945-00293062-00293280": "she has like thousands of followers, forgot to mention", "fDmQ5XB933g-00946-00293280-00293400": "that for your follow-up,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00947-00293574-00293949": "but I wanted to get to your methodology and process too.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00948-00293949-00294416": "You have this award winning short film, Lwelek Honk Sa,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00949-00294416-00294739": "it features an all Black Indigenous cast, and ties into the", "fDmQ5XB933g-00950-00294739-00294887": "settler colonial violence.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00951-00294887-00295181": "The Klamath Basin tribes are currently fighting with the", "fDmQ5XB933g-00952-00295181-00295432": "water wars. So earlier you're kind of explaining", "fDmQ5XB933g-00953-00295432-00295734": "some of that, just like how you approach story.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00954-00295734-00295967": "But I was wondering if you would talk more about this film,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00955-00295967-00296209": "how you did it, your methodology, editing.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00956-00296209-00296469": "It's just a beautiful short, if we can,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00957-00296469-00296660": "we'll like post it on our sites too,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00958-00296660-00296922": "because everyone needs to see it.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00959-00297056-00297177": "Oh, we dope, yeah.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00960-00297177-00297490": "So earlier this year, I think March,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00961-00297490-00297685": "it was right before my birthday, March.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00962-00297793-00298216": "I, I was in a like Native media like, competition", "fDmQ5XB933g-00963-00298216-00298481": "kind of like celebratory, like we're all making art.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00964-00298481-00298787": "And so I decided I was like, I want to make a short film.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00965-00298787-00298903": "I was already like developing, and Amber", "fDmQ5XB933g-00966-00298903-00299269": "you were helping me like come up with like a script.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00967-00299269-00299427": "And I was like, this is my perfect,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00968-00299427-00299636": "perfect opportunity to like, make a short film.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00969-00299636-00299830": "I want to add my siblings.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00970-00299830-00300001": "And so, Lwelek Honk Sa was like, that work,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00971-00300001-00300362": "and so Lwelek Honk Sa, 3 words,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00972-00300362-00300625": "I believe it's it's, in Maklaks,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00973-00300625-00300985": "it's the language of the people is Klamath language, and the", "fDmQ5XB933g-00974-00300985-00301299": "Lwelek Honk Sa means let's kill it. And I was like, yeah,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00975-00301299-00301433": "I want to name it Lwelek Honk Sa,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00976-00301433-00301621": "cause I I'll work with our linguist sometimes.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00977-00301621-00301791": "Cause I'm like, you know what?", "fDmQ5XB933g-00978-00301791-00301985": "I want to learn how to say snag, or I want to learn how to", "fDmQ5XB933g-00979-00301985-00302268": "say this and that to make like the language more accessible.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00980-00302268-00302507": "Cause I'm like GenZ, we have like all these,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00981-00302507-00302801": "like I just feel like there's so many ways that we can use", "fDmQ5XB933g-00982-00302801-00303044": "our language. That's like accessible and like, use it.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00983-00303044-00303277": "And I was like, how about what would be something that I", "fDmQ5XB933g-00984-00303277-00303485": "would want to say on the regular? Let's kill it.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00985-00303485-00303920": "So Lwelek Honk Sa, the name of the piece, the piece.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00986-00303920-00304326": "But let's see. Talk about it a little.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00987-00304326-00304560": "Well, Lwelek Honk Sa is a short film.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00988-00304560-00304856": "I would say it's like a Rez Kids meets Goonies", "fDmQ5XB933g-00989-00304856-00305289": "extravaganza. It's set on my ancestral homelands", "fDmQ5XB933g-00990-00305289-00305585": "Chiloquin Oregon. And I would say it's like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00991-00305585-00305805": "we talked about a little bit in this.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00992-00305805-00306181": "It's about like joy and it's about me and my 2 other", "fDmQ5XB933g-00993-00306181-00306309": "siblings. I'm the oldest,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00994-00306309-00306546": "I have 2 little tuppiups, 2 little siblings,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00995-00306546-00306974": "and it's about Black, Black Indigenous joy.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00996-00306974-00307285": "It's about body sovereignty. It's about land back.", "fDmQ5XB933g-00997-00307285-00307567": "It's about having fun. And like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00998-00307567-00307727": "I think a lot of my process,", "fDmQ5XB933g-00999-00307727-00308061": "because I've always felt like between the city and between", "fDmQ5XB933g-01000-00308061-00308277": "the rez, between my identities of being", "fDmQ5XB933g-01001-00308277-00308632": "Black Indigenous Native, and like all these things,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01002-00308632-00308900": "it's always felt like, oh, it's like, life's the test.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01003-00308900-00309070": "Like I can't be wrong. Like I have to be this,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01004-00309070-00309372": "I have to be this to be Native. It's always like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01005-00309372-00309565": "I don't want to be wrong.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01006-00309565-00309648": "And so I would get so stressed about that,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01007-00309648-00309868": "and I just realized like, let me just find the joy in this.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01008-00309868-00310080": "Like I'm hella wrong all the time.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01009-00310181-00310361": "I like, when I don't want to say the wrong things,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01010-00310361-00310596": "everything wrong and more comes out.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01011-00310781-00310956": "And so I was like, you know what?", "fDmQ5XB933g-01012-00310956-00311239": "I think my methodology is to just like do it and have fun.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01013-00311239-00311565": "And if I'm wrong, like be wrong in a great way.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01014-00311852-00312134": "And so, I wanted to also like a part of like what I want to", "fDmQ5XB933g-01015-00312134-00312317": "do as like an older sister as like the oldest child,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01016-00312317-00312596": "I want to like show my siblings like what we can do.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01017-00312596-00312789": "And I feel like living on my ancestral homelands", "fDmQ5XB933g-01018-00312789-00313128": "in Southern Oregon, there's so much settler occupancy,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01019-00313128-00313473": "still. There's so much agriculture that like rips and rapes", "fDmQ5XB933g-01020-00313473-00313734": "the land. And like we're still being logged,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01021-00313855-00313960": "and all of these things are just happening to us.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01022-00313960-00314330": "Like settler induced climate change is happening, and our", "fDmQ5XB933g-01023-00314330-00314525": "summers are just all smoke. And it's just like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01024-00314525-00314892": "it's so much, and I feel like from a young age", "fDmQ5XB933g-01025-00314892-00315116": "being like Indigenous, Black Indigenous, Indigenous,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01026-00315116-00315372": "it's just like, you're just thrust upon it. It's not like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01027-00315372-00315711": "oh, maybe the teacher will teach us like these things.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01028-00315711-00315889": "No, you experience the violence right away. And so like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01029-00315889-00316136": "I experienced that growing up, being like, wait.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01030-00316136-00316291": "So I was like first grade, I was like, wait,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01031-00316291-00316482": "so why are we fighting for our salmon?", "fDmQ5XB933g-01032-00316482-00316667": "Wait, people are trying to kill us? Wait,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01033-00316667-00316926": "that doesn't make sense. Like, make it make sense.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01034-00316926-00317078": "And so I struggled with that,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01035-00317078-00317299": "like understanding that concept of like, okay,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01036-00317299-00317447": "well people are always trying to kill us.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01037-00317447-00317863": "We're always under attack or under attack. It's always like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01038-00317863-00318193": "fugitivity, it feels like. And so I was like, you know what?", "fDmQ5XB933g-01039-00318193-00318436": "My siblings are probably going through the same struggle", "fDmQ5XB933g-01040-00318436-00318782": "right now, and trying to metabolize and trying to exist in", "fDmQ5XB933g-01041-00318782-00319119": "this space where it's constantly just like nerves and", "fDmQ5XB933g-01042-00319119-00319298": "anxiety and like violence.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01043-00319298-00319482": "And you're just trying to be a kid, and so I was like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01044-00319482-00319839": "you know what? I think a film about us doing like a rez doc,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01045-00319839-00320076": "and this was like, before rez docs had come out.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01046-00320076-00320383": "So was like, I was like, you know what? I love Goonies,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01047-00320383-00320570": "I was like, we need land back. Like, this is a time", "fDmQ5XB933g-01048-00320570-00320883": "where our fish are tw'am which is like one of our ancestor", "fDmQ5XB933g-01049-00320883-00321125": "fish is like, in trouble and is in danger within", "fDmQ5XB933g-01050-00321125-00321505": "like, 7 years could like die. And like for our people,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01051-00321505-00321901": "we know once the fish die, like were, there's like, we're,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01052-00321901-00322261": "we're done. And so I was like, this is the time for us", "fDmQ5XB933g-01053-00322261-00322366": "to like take everything back to be hella radical.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01054-00322366-00322866": "Hella rude, to not be politically correct necessarily.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01055-00322918-00323071": "And to just like, let's kill it.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01056-00323071-00323416": "So it was like, it goes through me and my siblings.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01057-00323416-00323610": "It's all in our Maqlaqsyals language,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01058-00323610-00323997": "it's all in our language. I have like English subtitles.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01059-00323997-00324341": "And we're just like, we see these cows and the cows", "fDmQ5XB933g-01060-00324341-00324627": "are a representation of like settler, colonialism", "fDmQ5XB933g-01061-00324627-00324876": "and violence against our bodies. And you visually, like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01062-00324876-00325184": "you'll see them on our land, and next to our water", "fDmQ5XB933g-01063-00325184-00325459": "and stuff. And then you're like, and we're just like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01064-00325578-00325663": "you know what, let's kill it.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01065-00325758-00325942": "Sorry. Someone's like outside knocking,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01066-00325942-00326062": "but we're just like, let's kill it! You know what?", "fDmQ5XB933g-01067-00326062-00326408": "Cause like, it's just a conversation in our community.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01068-00326408-00326560": "Like we go to school with all these agriculture kids and", "fDmQ5XB933g-01069-00326560-00326782": "we're like constantly being taught by these teachers that", "fDmQ5XB933g-01070-00326782-00326907": "we're not worth anything.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01071-00327074-00327202": "And so I was like, what if we could just be like, no,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01072-00327202-00327411": "you shut up, no, like, I'm going to, like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01073-00327411-00327629": "I love, cows, cows can be cute, they could also", "fDmQ5XB933g-01074-00327629-00327866": "be very nasty, but what would happen if we just,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01075-00327866-00328113": "what if I had just like, what if I just slapped it", "fDmQ5XB933g-01076-00328113-00328463": "with like a flyswatter and it exploded and then I could", "fDmQ5XB933g-01077-00328463-00328740": "like eat the stuff that came off of it.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01078-00328740-00329066": "And once the cows are gone, our water is, it doesn't have", "fDmQ5XB933g-01079-00329066-00329421": "feces in it and then our fish could live and then we're", "fDmQ5XB933g-01080-00329421-00329719": "free. And I was like, what could that look like?", "fDmQ5XB933g-01081-00329719-00330100": "What can I like manifest with my siblings in this short film", "fDmQ5XB933g-01082-00330100-00330341": "to make them think like, what if we were free?", "fDmQ5XB933g-01083-00330341-00330549": "Like, what would we do?", "fDmQ5XB933g-01084-00330549-00330799": "Would we like, would I kick stuff?", "fDmQ5XB933g-01085-00330799-00330981": "Like what I like punch things? Or like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01086-00330981-00331150": "would I go swimming or like, could we swim in our water", "fDmQ5XB933g-01087-00331150-00331516": "again? So like what would Black Indigenous joy and freedom", "fDmQ5XB933g-01088-00331516-00331793": "look like? What would it look like if we can breathe easy", "fDmQ5XB933g-01089-00331793-00332011": "on our homelands, or what would it look like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01090-00332011-00332327": "if we could just go run and like fall on something,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01091-00332327-00332467": "not that we don't do these things already,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01092-00332467-00332836": "but what would it look like to take that power back and to", "fDmQ5XB933g-01093-00332836-00333078": "show our community? Which I feel like not to say", "fDmQ5XB933g-01094-00333078-00333325": "my community is scared or anything, but it's a scary", "fDmQ5XB933g-01095-00333325-00333484": "environment. Like what would it,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01096-00333484-00333804": "what would it look like if we were visually empowered?", "fDmQ5XB933g-01097-00333804-00334134": "Because most of the, if you look up like Klamath,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01098-00334134-00334392": "just like anything, like Klamath-based and Klamath area,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01099-00334392-00334627": "it's always just like, I feel like the narratives", "fDmQ5XB933g-01100-00334627-00335032": "are so sad. It's just like, so like so sad and I feel like", "fDmQ5XB933g-01101-00335032-00335183": "a lot-", "fDmQ5XB933g-01102-00335183-00335566": "(Lofanitani's screen freezes)", "fDmQ5XB933g-01103-00335806-00336016": "Oh no. I think the screen froze.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01104-00336140-00336555": "We will hold for wifi connection.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01105-00336952-00337274": "I don't know. It was just a good part of the story.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01106-00337592-00337712": "Oh, your back! Okay.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01107-00337799-00338109": "I was so sorry. My wifi is so trash! I'm so sorry.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01108-00338109-00338284": "No, it's great we were on the edge of our seats,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01109-00338284-00338394": "we're like, come back!", "fDmQ5XB933g-01110-00338524-00338817": "I was reeling you in. Where did it, like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01111-00338817-00339046": "where did I pause at?", "fDmQ5XB933g-01112-00339046-00339329": "You were describing the Klamath-based tribes,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01113-00339329-00339496": "the perception of like sadness,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01114-00339496-00339734": "like when it's just like this brilliance of reclamation for", "fDmQ5XB933g-01115-00339734-00339889": "land back.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01116-00339889-00340179": "Yeah. It's always like, all the movies that I'll see", "fDmQ5XB933g-01117-00340179-00340523": "or all the content on my tribe is always like, yeah,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01118-00340523-00340901": "and then they were hung and then they died, or like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01119-00340901-00341140": "and then history ended here and you know what?", "fDmQ5XB933g-01120-00341140-00341418": "Natives are just so sad. And they're just,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01121-00341418-00341581": "so they're just on their little rezes, you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01122-00341581-00341897": "kicking cans and even commod cheese. I don't like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01123-00341897-00342094": "commod cheese necessarily. But like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01124-00342094-00342300": "just like all these things and all these", "fDmQ5XB933g-01125-00342300-00342565": "trauma points, stereotypes. And even in college,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01126-00342565-00342781": "like I had to like, not beg for money, but I'd be like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01127-00342781-00343080": "yeah, this is my story. And I always had to be like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01128-00343080-00343419": "like I need money I'm poor, help me. Like, like okay,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01129-00343419-00343808": "like sure yeah, but like, I'm also very bright", "fDmQ5XB933g-01130-00343808-00344112": "and diligent, and like, amazing. I think diligence", "fDmQ5XB933g-01131-00344112-00344293": "the word, I dunno, but I was just like, oh,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01132-00344293-00344540": "this trauma point's so frustrating. And I was like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01133-00344540-00344849": "I'm not little, I'm almost six feet tall.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01134-00344849-00345098": "I like, have a deep voice.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01135-00345098-00345354": "Your girl, like chin hair, we out here just like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01136-00345489-00345755": "I'm not this like little thing, and I'm not, I'm not gentle,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01137-00345755-00346116": "sometimes I can be, but I was just like, you know what?", "fDmQ5XB933g-01138-00346116-00346392": "It's time. We need to save our fish. I need to like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01139-00346392-00346616": "show her, my, I want to show my siblings.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01140-00346616-00346875": "I want to show our community that we're not little,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01141-00346875-00347121": "we're big. We have power in a place that people", "fDmQ5XB933g-01142-00347121-00347272": "make us feel powerless.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01143-00347272-00347515": "And like, if we want to explode, explode a cow,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01144-00347515-00347789": "it might be absurd, but like, let's do it.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01145-00347789-00347973": "And like, what would that look like?", "fDmQ5XB933g-01146-00347973-00348269": "I'm going to smear all this stuff on my face and I'm going", "fDmQ5XB933g-01147-00348269-00348362": "to like throw money in the air.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01148-00348507-00348751": "And so I want it, I want the short film to expand", "fDmQ5XB933g-01149-00348751-00349139": "into like a series of like, just cause even if,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01150-00349139-00349373": "even if making that short film on our homelands,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01151-00349373-00349781": "like people would walk by us who are like, not our people.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01152-00349781-00349955": "And they would just try to make us feel uncomfortable.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01153-00349955-00350177": "Like we weren't supposed to be there. I was like, sir,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01154-00350177-00350436": "get your dog before I kick it to space.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01155-00350436-00350824": "Like, and so just like, it was just so nice to be like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01156-00350824-00351094": "here's a camera, not that we need a reason to be there,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01157-00351094-00351273": "but I was like, we are making a movie,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01158-00351273-00351437": "I am directing. Then I was like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01159-00351437-00351615": "nope, we're still making it.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01160-00351615-00351914": "So it was just cool to reclaim that space visually that way.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01161-00351914-00352280": "Cause it's always not us in charge of run narratives and", "fDmQ5XB933g-01162-00352280-00352534": "it's always us not in charge of our bodies and what happens", "fDmQ5XB933g-01163-00352534-00353034": "to it. And to also like leave something for just like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01164-00353125-00353330": "my siblings know that we can do that.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01165-00353330-00353536": "They know that we can explode, explode cows.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01166-00353536-00353804": "Like we did it and we can get free.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01167-00353804-00354063": "And then that can look a bunch of different ways. And like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01168-00354063-00354446": "you can have power through art and it doesn't have to look", "fDmQ5XB933g-01169-00354446-00354719": "like a certain thing. It doesn't have to be like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01170-00354719-00354955": "I'm painting fruit. Like you can paint fruit,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01171-00354955-00355233": "but like there's also different ways,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01172-00355233-00355376": "and it can be accessible.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01173-00355376-00355600": "Cause I was out there and we were like throwing,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01174-00355600-00355829": "we had a bunch of like stuff in the yard,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01175-00355829-00356075": "like my process for finding props, which at the time,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01176-00356075-00356173": "I didn't know, okay.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01177-00356173-00356414": "I didn't know like a lot of theater words, or like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01178-00356414-00356659": "words and so on, so I was like, you know what?", "fDmQ5XB933g-01179-00356659-00356876": "We had this suitcase somewhere in the yard, and I opened it.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01180-00356876-00357088": "I was like, okay, go grab that toilet paper from the house,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01181-00357088-00357401": "grabbed that weight that's just randomly in the yard,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01182-00357401-00357668": "it was like, 50 pounds, grab that plushy toy", "fDmQ5XB933g-01183-00357668-00357969": "from your thing, okay, grab that stick, the pine cone.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01184-00357969-00358052": "And then I want that boot,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01185-00358052-00358172": "just that one boot, that was just outside in the rain,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01186-00358172-00358407": "and the pool thing. And so I was just like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01187-00358407-00358691": "those are the props. And like using the things around you,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01188-00358691-00359029": "I think really helped me to be true to myself.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01189-00359119-00359538": "And yeah, it was, yeah, that was kind of like my process.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01190-00359538-00359773": "And, and I use iMovie to edit it,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01191-00359773-00359995": "which was really accessible for me.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01192-00359995-00360311": "And I just posted on my YouTube channel and I'm working on a", "fDmQ5XB933g-01193-00360311-00360517": "website. We're going to make it.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01194-00360617-00360792": "But yeah, I really,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01195-00360792-00360917": "I didn't know that I liked doing that kind of stuff until", "fDmQ5XB933g-01196-00360917-00361345": "I made that and I kept watching it and my siblings liked it.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01197-00361345-00361590": "And then I posted on Tik Tok, and then other people from the", "fDmQ5XB933g-01198-00361590-00361939": "community saw it. And like, I just thought it's cool.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01199-00361939-00362114": "Cause it's not, we're not being like, hush hush,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01200-00362114-00362333": "like save our ch-", "fDmQ5XB933g-01201-00362333-00362598": "(Lofanitani's screen freezes)", "fDmQ5XB933g-01202-00362598-00362840": "Cmon, like, save us, like, no more dams, like, please.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01203-00362840-00363071": "It's no longer please, it's like give it,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01204-00363071-00363366": "let's kill it and give me my land back.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01205-00363366-00363508": "Like I'm not going to buy it back.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01206-00363508-00363814": "Even though I might have to start with buying land back.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01207-00363814-00364094": "But like, it's not a question it's an answer, like, yes!", "fDmQ5XB933g-01208-00364190-00364488": "So, that was kind of my process a little bit.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01209-00364488-00364792": "Yes. Thank you for sharing it and just celebrating your", "fDmQ5XB933g-01210-00364792-00365084": "creativity with it too. Like found objects, props,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01211-00365084-00365276": "the incorporation of your family.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01212-00365379-00365583": "I think that's so important and brilliant too,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01213-00365583-00365667": "because I dunno if you know it,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01214-00365667-00365830": "but you're already setting up the next generation of", "fDmQ5XB933g-01215-00365830-00366270": "storytellers that sets up, and that's really powerful too.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01216-00366270-00366475": "So yeah, celebrating your short film Lofani,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01217-00366475-00366640": "thank you for sharing it with us.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01218-00366825-00366983": "Thank you. Thank you for your question.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01219-00366983-00367066": "Let's see.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01220-00367152-00367472": "So I figured we could go ahead and wrap up the conversation.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01221-00367472-00367740": "What I would love to hear from all of you,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01222-00367740-00367952": "will you have like upcoming projects, productions,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01223-00367952-00368220": "what you have in the works for us to look forward to,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01224-00368220-00368416": "just anything that you want to share.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01225-00368416-00368763": "Kind of as our closing, closing question,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01226-00368763-00368968": "let's see Jeanette, we'll start with you?", "fDmQ5XB933g-01227-00369303-00369618": "Now this I could go on forever and ever about,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01228-00369618-00369858": "so I'm not sure you want to start with me.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01229-00369858-00369978": "You wanna be able to cut me off.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01230-00370147-00370479": "I love the, the discussion of Native joy,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01231-00370575-00370855": "cause, that brings me to snag,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01232-00370855-00371351": "which is the, a fil-, a play by Tara Moses.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01233-00371462-00371857": "And we are doing a filmed version of it. And it is,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01234-00371857-00372211": "we think the world's first Native American romantic comedy", "fDmQ5XB933g-01235-00372313-00372637": "and, and it's it's we were, we were going to try to,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01236-00372637-00372895": "to release that for, in time for Valentine's Day,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01237-00372895-00373005": "but because of COVID,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01238-00373098-00373363": "the schedule's moving back a little bit, but it's just,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01239-00373363-00373520": "it's, it's so much fun.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01240-00373520-00373648": "There is no trauma. I mean,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01241-00373648-00373939": "there's a little bit of a dark edge to it because you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01242-00373939-00374088": "we're Natives, we have to,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01243-00374088-00374588": "but it is funny and it is just so, to be able to see", "fDmQ5XB933g-01244-00374609-00374875": "beautiful Native people,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01245-00374875-00375230": "just falling in love and like try to make it work.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01246-00375230-00375575": "It's just, it's powerful and it's healing.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01247-00375575-00375828": "And I think it's just what we need right now.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01248-00375828-00376038": "So that's what I'm working on.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01249-00376038-00376288": "And then finally, oh my gosh so,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01250-00376534-00376982": "right about, so we talked a little bit about our journeys,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01251-00377066-00377315": "and I've spent like 20 years now,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01252-00377315-00377599": "helping other people tell their stories.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01253-00377810-00378077": "And, for the first time in my professional career,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01254-00378189-00378457": "I was about to produce a story that actually represented my", "fDmQ5XB933g-01255-00378457-00378794": "family and the conversations that we have around our dinner", "fDmQ5XB933g-01256-00378794-00379287": "table, and like, a month and a half before we were set to go", "fDmQ5XB933g-01257-00379287-00379759": "into rehearsals for that COVID, just closed theaters down.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01258-00379759-00380166": "And so of all the shows to have to postpone, my heart just", "fDmQ5XB933g-01259-00380166-00380545": "broke into 10,000 pieces, that that was the show.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01260-00380733-00380963": "And you know, we, we've put it back in the season,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01261-00380963-00381128": "we're going to do it outdoors.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01262-00381246-00381611": "It's going to be our first show back with live audiences and", "fDmQ5XB933g-01263-00381611-00381811": "it's scheduled for summer 2022,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01264-00381959-00382107": "Pure Native by Vickie Ramirez.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01265-00382305-00382599": "And then the third thing that I'll talk about is the arts", "fDmQ5XB933g-01266-00382599-00382851": "learning project for Native youth,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01267-00382851-00383042": "which I think may be the most exciting thing that", "fDmQ5XB933g-01268-00383042-00383340": "I've ever done. We were originally scheduled to take", "fDmQ5XB933g-01269-00383440-00383581": "Pure Native, we we're going to produce it in the Bay area,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01270-00383581-00383972": "and then take it on tour to different Native reservations.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01271-00383972-00384459": "And you know, the rezes of course shut down, COVID, hello,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01272-00384591-00384923": "tour was canceled even before the production itself", "fDmQ5XB933g-01273-00384923-00385199": "was finally, you know, postponed indefinitely.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01274-00385407-00385637": "But at one point, one of our tribal liaisons called us up", "fDmQ5XB933g-01275-00385637-00385944": "and said, hey, the rezes shut down, all the summer programs", "fDmQ5XB933g-01276-00386054-00386251": "or are non-existent, parents are struggling and they need", "fDmQ5XB933g-01277-00386251-00386507": "something to do with their kids. As part of Pure Native,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01278-00386507-00386872": "we were going to do some workshops,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01279-00386872-00387181": "intergenerational workshops with the community.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01280-00387181-00387424": "So the, our tribal liaison said, you know, those,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01281-00387424-00387550": "those workshops,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01282-00387550-00387857": "could you do something virtually with our kids?", "fDmQ5XB933g-01283-00387857-00388357": "And we're like, yes! Let me get back to you on that.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01284-00388375-00388596": "And a month later we put together, we,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01285-00388596-00389002": "we ran a week long monologue writing workshop and", "fDmQ5XB933g-01286-00389002-00389502": "introduction to 3D storytelling with Native kids from 3", "fDmQ5XB933g-01287-00389534-00389931": "different reservation communities, or actually no,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01288-00389931-00390014": "we had 5 different reservation communities", "fDmQ5XB933g-01289-00390014-00390499": "that first time. And it was just so rewarding.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01290-00390499-00390824": "The kids had a great time. Parents loved it.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01291-00390824-00390960": "They asked us for more.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01292-00391050-00391338": "And so we have this whole program now and it culminated,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01293-00391338-00391838": "not culminated, but it grew to, and our first in-person", "fDmQ5XB933g-01294-00391843-00392220": "program, which was a 5 day sleep away,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01295-00392220-00392670": "acting camp on a college campus with students coming in from", "fDmQ5XB933g-01296-00392670-00393071": "different communities. And it was just, it was,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01297-00393209-00393605": "it was so rewarding and it's just so great to be working", "fDmQ5XB933g-01298-00393605-00393866": "with our kids. And in fact, Lofanitani, there's one,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01299-00393866-00393966": "one of our students,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01300-00394076-00394207": "I so wanna to talk to you, because some of our students are", "fDmQ5XB933g-01301-00394207-00394467": "working on Thacker Pass, protect Thacker Pass,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01302-00394574-00394916": "and trying to get uranium or not uranium, lithium mining,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01303-00394916-00395123": "not to happen on their rez.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01304-00395338-00395601": "And yeah, we, we, we gotta talk, and yeah.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01305-00395835-00396072": "So anyway, just that just Native joy,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01306-00396072-00396212": "working with Native kids and,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01307-00396212-00396524": "and creating an environment where Native kids are always", "fDmQ5XB933g-01308-00396613-00396880": "aware that they belong, that their stories matter,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01309-00396880-00397179": "that their voices matter and that there is a place for them", "fDmQ5XB933g-01310-00397179-00397294": "in this industry.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01311-00397429-00397599": "Cause growing up, I didn't have that.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01312-00397599-00398016": "You know, I studied theater in college.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01313-00398144-00398432": "I went looking for Native plays and Native playwrights.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01314-00398432-00398675": "I didn't hear about Spiderwoman Theater Collective", "fDmQ5XB933g-01315-00398675-00398894": "until after I graduated from college,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01316-00398986-00399341": "the only Native play I read was by a white guy.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01317-00399425-00399509": "And I was just like, this,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01318-00399509-00399750": "isn't my experience of being Native, what the heck?", "fDmQ5XB933g-01319-00399870-00400186": "I finally found a Bill Yellow Robe play like two years after", "fDmQ5XB933g-01320-00400186-00400587": "I graduated and that's just wrong. That is so wrong.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01321-00400587-00401026": "Native kids shouldn't have to feel so invisible", "fDmQ5XB933g-01322-00401026-00401344": "in this field and, and come on,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01323-00401344-00401770": "we're the original storytellers of this land and funders", "fDmQ5XB933g-01324-00401770-00401932": "have got to get behind that too,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01325-00401932-00402308": "because, hello, we just got turned down for a grant because", "fDmQ5XB933g-01326-00402308-00402602": "they're like Native theater isn't traditional, I'm like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01327-00402689-00402837": "excuse me?", "fDmQ5XB933g-01328-00402837-00403207": "Hello. No, no, no.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01329-00403207-00403580": "So yeah, so lots of Native joy in my upcoming projects", "fDmQ5XB933g-01330-00403678-00403983": "and hopefully they will all get fully funded and yay.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01331-00404236-00404360": "Sorry I took so much time.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01332-00404360-00404764": "No, I'm like yes, celebrate Native joy celebrations.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01333-00404764-00405020": "And thank you so much for your work of like stewarding the", "fDmQ5XB933g-01334-00405020-00405337": "generations, like that's beautiful, thinking 7 generations", "fDmQ5XB933g-01335-00405450-00405639": "ahead. So yes. Thank you, Jeanette, for your closing", "fDmQ5XB933g-01336-00405639-00405984": "thoughts. Murielle, we'll take it off to you now.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01337-00405984-00406164": "Love to hear you about projects, productions,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01338-00406164-00406304": "what you have in the works.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01339-00406304-00406644": "Any like, joy and celebrations too, cause I'm like, yeah.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01340-00406644-00406727": "Okay.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01341-00406865-00407092": "So what I'm working on, I'm working on 4 major projects at", "fDmQ5XB933g-01342-00407092-00407553": "this point, it's Tipi Tales from the Stoop where we're going", "fDmQ5XB933g-01343-00407553-00407823": "to be doing at the New York theater workshop", "fDmQ5XB933g-01344-00407971-00408246": "for our Reflections of Native Voices Festival,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01345-00408246-00408699": "that New York that we produce, that Safe Harbors produces.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01346-00408814-00409081": "It's one of the only Native theater festivals that's on off", "fDmQ5XB933g-01347-00409081-00409263": "Broadway and off, off Broadway.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01348-00409391-00409641": "We involve La MaMa theater and New York theater workshop.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01349-00409641-00410004": "In the beginning, we had 4 theaters, and now we're trying", "fDmQ5XB933g-01350-00410004-00410318": "to break it down into how do we do because of COVID", "fDmQ5XB933g-01351-00410418-00410758": "we learned a big lesson was that one person shows work", "fDmQ5XB933g-01352-00410758-00411064": "really well. And how do we produce our own work", "fDmQ5XB933g-01353-00411064-00411208": "that we're interested in?", "fDmQ5XB933g-01354-00411326-00411826": "And along with that is the artistic, the directors labs that", "fDmQ5XB933g-01355-00411899-00412206": "we are trying to establish.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01356-00412206-00412401": "We were able to establish it last year,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01357-00412401-00412837": "this year, we were in California and we were able to", "fDmQ5XB933g-01358-00412837-00413100": "talk about process and what does that mean?", "fDmQ5XB933g-01359-00413100-00413440": "And the retreats and how we're able to breathe.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01360-00413440-00413749": "And how does that coincide with my second project,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01361-00413749-00413993": "which is Feast of Ghosts. Feast of Ghosts", "fDmQ5XB933g-01362-00413993-00414456": "is an outdoor play. We just received the NIFA for it.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01363-00414587-00414970": "And it's a, it's a, it's a, it's a, it's a,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01364-00414970-00415297": "a Fellini as I keep on calling it a Felliniesque ghost", "fDmQ5XB933g-01365-00415297-00415655": "story, not a spirit story, but it's a ghost story.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01366-00415655-00416155": "And how do we tell our stories about death and keep it,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01367-00416221-00416527": "and talk about boarding schools, but then how do we,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01368-00416527-00416793": "you know, talk about joy? There has to be like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01369-00416793-00417093": "there was always clowns in our society. So we're thinking,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01370-00417093-00417272": "you know, how do we do that?", "fDmQ5XB933g-01371-00417272-00417592": "And you know, and it was the last one of Tipi Tales", "fDmQ5XB933g-01372-00417592-00417924": "was one of my collaborative efforts with my husband.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01373-00417924-00418283": "And this is the last collaborative effort with my husband.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01374-00418283-00418713": "And so it's four stories, four directions, four directors,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01375-00418713-00418968": "one master director who pulls it all together.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01376-00419080-00419471": "And we're have the opportunity to bring in other younger", "fDmQ5XB933g-01377-00419471-00419864": "or not even younger, emerging directors who want to go", "fDmQ5XB933g-01378-00419998-00420454": "from acting, playwriting and to really talk about directing,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01379-00420454-00420649": "and how it works for them.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01380-00420649-00420863": "Because what happens if you look at the statistics with", "fDmQ5XB933g-01381-00420863-00421118": "Native directors in the United States,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01382-00421118-00421377": "we're not even in that statistic.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01383-00421377-00421643": "And so what happens a lot with a lot of these Native", "fDmQ5XB933g-01384-00421643-00422052": "playwrights is what I found during Reflections of Native", "fDmQ5XB933g-01385-00422052-00422457": "Voices. That the language, you don't have to teach", "fDmQ5XB933g-01386-00422457-00422868": "Native 101, when you were working with the Native director.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01387-00422968-00423225": "I don't, you know, you don't have to say so, you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01388-00423225-00423532": "a lot of times it's an understanding.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01389-00423532-00423810": "And that starts with the cultural exhaustion that we get all", "fDmQ5XB933g-01390-00423810-00424158": "of the time, because it turns into cultural extraction too,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01391-00424158-00424397": "because a white director is getting a lot out of a Native", "fDmQ5XB933g-01392-00424397-00424682": "person because they've never dealt with this.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01393-00424852-00425058": "So you're explaining land, you're explaining water,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01394-00425058-00425212": "you're explaining colorism,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01395-00425318-00425538": "you're explaining tribal politics. You're explaining,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01396-00425538-00425893": "you know, you have to say, sometimes to these directors,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01397-00425893-00426110": "look, me and you'll get along, okay?", "fDmQ5XB933g-01398-00426110-00426331": "This ain't, We Are the World, when you get into the room", "fDmQ5XB933g-01399-00426331-00426651": "with 50 Indians, you got to watch what you say.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01400-00426651-00426855": "And they never listen to me. And I'm like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01401-00426855-00427014": "I just sit there and I go, what?", "fDmQ5XB933g-01402-00427117-00427245": "But I don't, I can't help you.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01403-00427335-00427581": "I can't help you. You know?", "fDmQ5XB933g-01404-00427581-00427685": "So I felt that,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01405-00427775-00428020": "and I'm not saying that I believe that the cultural", "fDmQ5XB933g-01406-00428020-00428368": "exhaustion is a big part of what we go through", "fDmQ5XB933g-01407-00428368-00428502": "as Native peoples.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01408-00428597-00429076": "But also the other end here is, I want also Native peoples", "fDmQ5XB933g-01409-00429076-00429343": "to be able to direct other, you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01410-00429343-00429683": "why do we only direct the Native things?", "fDmQ5XB933g-01411-00429683-00429978": "Non-Natives are always directing our stuff.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01412-00429978-00430177": "Always, always, always, always.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01413-00430364-00430662": "And they don't get push back. Well, now they do.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01414-00430662-00430967": "When in the beginning they didn't, there was no pushback.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01415-00431165-00431590": "And so if a Native person directs a non-Native play,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01416-00431590-00431724": "let's say, well, we get push back?", "fDmQ5XB933g-01417-00431724-00431924": "That's where I think we're at right now.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01418-00432020-00432279": "And how do we start that conversation?", "fDmQ5XB933g-01419-00432453-00432857": "Because, if theater is about going further", "fDmQ5XB933g-01420-00432954-00433389": "and the creativity and fairness, we are not ever part", "fDmQ5XB933g-01421-00433389-00433776": "of that fairness, especially with non-Indians", "fDmQ5XB933g-01422-00433776-00434022": "who are playing, you know, Indian roles.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01423-00434138-00434232": "And we know this.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01424-00434232-00434429": "It's not like I'm making this up and I'm being some radical", "fDmQ5XB933g-01425-00434429-00434866": "here. We know this and we put up with it, right?", "fDmQ5XB933g-01426-00434866-00435007": "Because at least there was something,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01427-00435007-00435310": "but now we have to get, I believe we have to get out of that", "fDmQ5XB933g-01428-00435310-00435781": "more than, it's just something. And the younger generation", "fDmQ5XB933g-01429-00435781-00436121": "where I feel a lot of times that I feel like you Jeanette,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01430-00436121-00436442": "is that when they start the, you know, I'll take a lot.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01431-00436558-00436734": "Right? Cause I want the project to go further.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01432-00436734-00436871": "I want, you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01433-00436871-00437121": "and these are all people I train, we're all in the room,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01434-00437121-00437472": "and I'll bend over backwards. I'll be diplomatic.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01435-00437472-00437816": "And they'll turn around and say, oh no, you're rude.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01436-00437816-00438090": "And you're like, oh good. Oh, okay.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01437-00438090-00438477": "We're going to fight. I wouldn't say fight this fast,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01438-00438477-00438573": "but okay.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01439-00438812-00439122": "But it happens because the younger generation Amber's", "fDmQ5XB933g-01440-00439122-00439375": "generation and my daughter's generation,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01441-00439375-00439571": "what they're not doing,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01442-00439571-00439733": "what they're doing is they're not taking it.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01443-00439856-00440203": "And they're saying, you're not going to abuse another Indian", "fDmQ5XB933g-01444-00440203-00440518": "while you're on my watch and someone we respect or,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01445-00440518-00440698": "and I see it vice versa so,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01446-00440698-00440972": "and, and they're out fighting, you know, you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01447-00440972-00441256": "because we're dealing with, I believe too,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01448-00441256-00441626": "is we're dealing with not a glass ceiling.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01449-00441626-00442081": "We are dealing with a buckskin ceiling, that you can't even", "fDmQ5XB933g-01450-00442081-00442275": "see through. It's tied or whatever.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01451-00442275-00442650": "And you got to take a knife and rip it down and pull it open", "fDmQ5XB933g-01452-00442650-00442937": "and then go through and say, We're here!", "fDmQ5XB933g-01453-00442937-00443155": "I mean, there's no other way to do this.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01454-00443155-00443410": "Right? And then it's always, oh, you're so angry.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01455-00443410-00443595": "Yes, I'm angry! Yes, I'm angry!", "fDmQ5XB933g-01456-00443595-00443907": "There's only 2% of directors in the United States doing", "fDmQ5XB933g-01457-00443907-00444110": "Native work. Why is that?", "fDmQ5XB933g-01458-00444110-00444234": "Well, they don't fill out the paperwork.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01459-00444234-00444331": "Come on, give me a break.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01460-00444331-00444525": "There's not enough of you. Come on, give me a break.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01461-00444525-00444656": "How come our statistics are so high for alcoholism", "fDmQ5XB933g-01462-00444656-00445156": "and diabetes? How come that, what? Our statistics are,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01463-00445229-00445667": "but we're so low with our statistics in general, come on.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01464-00445667-00445975": "You know? And so that's really, oh I get myself worked up,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01465-00445975-00446242": "but that's where I am, you know, with these, you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01466-00446242-00446559": "with the project. So I think they're all interlaced.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01467-00446559-00446831": "And then the last project I have that me and Amber", "fDmQ5XB933g-01468-00446831-00447331": "are working on is called The Center. And The Center", "fDmQ5XB933g-01469-00447359-00447633": "is set in the eighties. It's a,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01470-00447633-00447887": "it's a bit of a coming out story,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01471-00447887-00448091": "but it's loosely based on Hamlet.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01472-00448191-00448493": "And it's about an Indian center and all the dynamics that", "fDmQ5XB933g-01473-00448493-00448675": "happens in the Indian center.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01474-00448675-00448952": "So there's a ghost in the Indian center,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01475-00448952-00449288": "from the old executive director and the,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01476-00449288-00449468": "and the people who know all the business.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01477-00449468-00449721": "All we tell all the stories like the guards,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01478-00449721-00449960": "if we've ever lived, worked at an Indian center,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01479-00450055-00450208": "we know that the,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01480-00450296-00450619": "the receptionist knows everything and the janitor.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01481-00450811-00450989": "So every day tell the story. They're like, well,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01482-00450989-00451170": "you'll never-, and then it comes in.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01483-00451303-00451533": "And how does it become that come of age story,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01484-00451659-00451844": "doesn't hit boarding schools as much,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01485-00451960-00452122": "but it's about what is an outdoor theater piece,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01486-00452122-00452358": "which is Feast of Ghosts, and this one is,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01487-00452358-00452650": "that's the last project that I'm doing.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01488-00452804-00453187": "So I think that is it. And Feast of Ghosts,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01489-00453272-00453680": "we plan on doing a 2020, well,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01490-00453832-00454042": "we'll be working on it till 2024, right?", "fDmQ5XB933g-01491-00454042-00454307": "Is that what we're thinking? 2024 will be the,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01492-00454307-00454573": "will be our real tour, right?", "fDmQ5XB933g-01493-00454573-00454764": "I think COVID and everything,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01494-00454764-00455102": "but these are going to develop, because I want to get as", "fDmQ5XB933g-01495-00455102-00455304": "many stories from many different people it is.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01496-00455304-00455612": "And believe me, Feast of Ghosts,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01497-00455612-00455802": "I got the idea from Gangs of New York.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01498-00455907-00456052": "You see, that's what I'm saying,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01499-00456052-00456218": "you can get that idea anyway.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01500-00456218-00456456": "And it's the last parting scene of the World Trade Center.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01501-00456539-00456842": "And when they, they kill the Butch, the what's his name?", "fDmQ5XB933g-01502-00456842-00457114": "the boat, well, what's his name? Bill the Butcher,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01503-00457114-00457422": "and Leonardo, they leave these graves and they leave", "fDmQ5XB933g-01504-00457422-00457789": "and you see New York changing and you see the graves", "fDmQ5XB933g-01505-00457789-00458032": "get smaller and smaller and smaller.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01506-00458032-00458300": "And then you see the World Trade Center.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01507-00458300-00458800": "And what I always took it is we are always on land that have", "fDmQ5XB933g-01508-00458820-00459166": "these stories of varied people of the dead.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01509-00459312-00459492": "And what happens when those stories aren't told?", "fDmQ5XB933g-01510-00459596-00459968": "And during COVID, we found that it brought us all the way", "fDmQ5XB933g-01511-00460089-00460375": "back to our, you know, our genocide.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01512-00460375-00460682": "So we have to really talk about, I believe.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01513-00460682-00461055": "And so that is, that is what, that's, what I'm working on.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01514-00461055-00461186": "I hope I didn't go too long.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01515-00461459-00461546": "Not at all,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01516-00461546-00461763": "just celebrating all the works and celebrating the care that", "fDmQ5XB933g-01517-00461763-00462152": "you're putting into these stories and histories and caring", "fDmQ5XB933g-01518-00462152-00462339": "for like each individual person that you're bringing into", "fDmQ5XB933g-01519-00462339-00462471": "these productions too.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01520-00462555-00462754": "So thank you so much for sharing too Murielle,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01521-00462867-00463089": "and we look forward to seeing it with Safe Harbors!", "fDmQ5XB933g-01522-00463089-00463172": "Yay!", "fDmQ5XB933g-01523-00463377-00463565": "And Lofanitani, we would love to hear you too,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01524-00463655-00463738": "but any upcoming projects, productions,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01525-00463738-00464082": "what you have in the works for us to look forward to.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01526-00464082-00464318": "Yeah. So I feel like in the past two weeks,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01527-00464318-00464783": "I kind of just entered the theater industry. Yes?", "fDmQ5XB933g-01528-00464783-00464905": "So that was really cool.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01529-00464905-00465190": "And I just like found a lot of freedom in that,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01530-00465190-00465488": "because I just feel like I've often had to like, people", "fDmQ5XB933g-01531-00465488-00465593": "please, and like, not like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01532-00465593-00465793": "just be very palatable and kind of just like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01533-00465793-00465897": "learning who I am.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01534-00466019-00466185": "And so I really enjoyed like that reading the opening of the", "fDmQ5XB933g-01535-00466185-00466405": "New American Theater Festival, being in Exhaustion,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01536-00466405-00466546": "that was so cool.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01537-00466656-00466792": "And so now I've gotten another opportunity to stay a little", "fDmQ5XB933g-01538-00466792-00467035": "bit longer in Sacramento. It'll be,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01539-00467035-00467392": "in the play Smart People. And so I'll be,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01540-00467392-00467593": "it'll be in November.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01541-00467593-00467872": "So I have like a part in there I'm really excited,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01542-00467872-00468213": "but I don't want to say too much yet, but I'll be in that.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01543-00468213-00468480": "And so I'm like really excited. I need to learn my lines,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01544-00468480-00468656": "I was so much like, there's so much terminology", "fDmQ5XB933g-01545-00468656-00468739": "I don't know, so I need to do that.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01546-00468739-00468893": "I need to like watch a lot of stuff.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01547-00468893-00469306": "But I think in the upcoming, I'm not sure specifically what,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01548-00469306-00469525": "like my plans are for like the upcoming year,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01549-00469525-00469659": "five years or anything.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01550-00469786-00469966": "I did have plans before the pandemic, pandemic,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01551-00470166-00470321": "pandemic. I forget because I'm so excited.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01552-00470321-00470553": "Everybody calls it something different!", "fDmQ5XB933g-01553-00470553-00470806": "But the panoramic, the pandemic, but now my plans,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01554-00470806-00471077": "my plans have completely changed, but I think overall,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01555-00471077-00471449": "and the next few years, hopefully just this year,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01556-00471449-00471631": "I'll be able to learn,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01557-00471631-00472095": "get more experience in the theater world, acting, directing,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01558-00472095-00472300": "just like all of it.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01559-00472300-00472578": "Cause I can smell art out here and like it's super cool.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01560-00472578-00472835": "And just like seeing all these creatives,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01561-00472835-00472995": "just like standing in their power,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01562-00472995-00473438": "being powerful and saying, no, saying yes.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01563-00473438-00473625": "And like to hear from y'all, it's just so inspiring.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01564-00473625-00473708": "And I just like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01565-00473809-00474122": "I want to like keep doing stuff and keep learning and like", "fDmQ5XB933g-01566-00474122-00474387": "see what myself and these,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01567-00474387-00474668": "how I can exist in these spaces and how I want to and what", "fDmQ5XB933g-01568-00474668-00475095": "that can look like and like push it even further because I", "fDmQ5XB933g-01569-00475095-00475432": "know like there's, we came create even more space and like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01570-00475432-00475726": "I'm really interested to see like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01571-00475726-00475956": "I've changed a lot in the last 2 weeks. And I want to,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01572-00475956-00476206": "I'm like, what, what, what will happen in a month?", "fDmQ5XB933g-01573-00476289-00476463": "So I just, I really want to just like learn a lot,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01574-00476463-00476862": "experience a lot, be like on sets or like read lines", "fDmQ5XB933g-01575-00476862-00477122": "for people or just like anything.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01576-00477122-00477244": "I think a lot of experience is needed for me right now", "fDmQ5XB933g-01577-00477244-00477639": "and a lot of growth and to help other people with their", "fDmQ5XB933g-01578-00477639-00478022": "creative goals would be awesome just to like, yeah.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01579-00478022-00478313": "So I just like, basically I want to live.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01580-00478609-00478704": "I love to be alive.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01581-00478820-00479215": "Yeah. But I just, I'm not sure what the future plans are,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01582-00479303-00479481": "but I'm going one day at a time. And like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01583-00479481-00479838": "as long as it's art, as long as I'm with dope people,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01584-00479838-00480008": "which like I'm in it right now.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01585-00480008-00480304": "I think I manifested this like a month ago, but yeah,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01586-00480304-00480464": "just to keep in the art,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01587-00480464-00480804": "keep with dope people and like keep building myself and", "fDmQ5XB933g-01588-00480804-00481126": "keep like figuring out what my narrative is and like how,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01589-00481210-00481563": "and I'm so blessed to be in a space with you all today", "fDmQ5XB933g-01590-00481563-00481753": "because I learned so much today and like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01591-00481753-00482057": "it's just dope to see this happening.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01592-00482180-00482406": "Yeah. That's, yeah.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01593-00482406-00482570": "Great things are coming!", "fDmQ5XB933g-01594-00482847-00483149": "Awesome. And just celebrating you Lofani too,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01595-00483149-00483376": "like everything that you've accomplished. Like,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01596-00483376-00483537": "I don't know if you've got to it,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01597-00483537-00483759": "but she also just got that writer's residency with", "fDmQ5XB933g-01598-00483759-00484012": "IllumiNative for that like up and coming writers", "fDmQ5XB933g-01599-00484012-00484290": "program too. Was that for your film?", "fDmQ5XB933g-01600-00484481-00484600": "You said what? Wait!", "fDmQ5XB933g-01601-00484600-00484986": "IllumiNative! They put you on their page, they had your", "fDmQ5XB933g-01602-00484986-00485279": "selfie on there, and they're like congratulations", "fDmQ5XB933g-01603-00485371-00485486": "to the writers program.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01604-00485584-00485678": "Oh my gosh.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01605-00485678-00485808": "This was like last week.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01606-00486034-00486313": "Well, Lofani's just out there doing great things,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01607-00486696-00486891": "I did it out here, yes.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01608-00486891-00487002": "Amber doing Auntie Work, Auntie Work", "fDmQ5XB933g-01609-00487002-00487157": "I know, I was like-", "fDmQ5XB933g-01610-00487593-00487677": "Holy.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01611-00487677-00487906": "And just celebrating your work,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01612-00487906-00488088": "Lofani, and we look forward to watching your continued", "fDmQ5XB933g-01613-00488088-00488350": "storytelling on Tik Tok's just so important,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01614-00488350-00488545": "like what you're adding to that sphere.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01615-00488682-00488797": "You're resonating with so many people on many different", "fDmQ5XB933g-01616-00488797-00489090": "platforms. So congratulations for that work too.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01617-00489278-00489497": "Thank you, thank you, thank you.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01618-00489497-00489664": "And thank you all again.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01619-00489664-00489939": "Thank you all so much for joining this conversation.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01620-00489939-00490122": "It was truly an honor and a privilege to learn from you all", "fDmQ5XB933g-01621-00490122-00490408": "today, and thank you for the audience for joining us", "fDmQ5XB933g-01622-00490408-00490760": "as well. You can find more information about these amazing", "fDmQ5XB933g-01623-00490760-00491034": "individuals, their companies they represent,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01624-00491034-00491298": "and more on the panel descriptions on HowlRound.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01625-00491486-00491570": "In The Margin's New American Theater Festival continues", "fDmQ5XB933g-01626-00491570-00491829": "through October 23rd. Oh wait,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01627-00491829-00492019": "Jeanette, you have one more thing to mention.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01628-00492327-00492445": "Really quick.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01629-00492445-00492808": "Alter Theater is announcing on Indigenous People's Day,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01630-00492808-00493245": "the opening of a new commission. It's a partnership with", "fDmQ5XB933g-01631-00493245-00493518": "La Lengua Teatro en Espanol,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01632-00493518-00493930": "and it is for decolonization stories.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01633-00494045-00494341": "So it'll be released all over social media and whatnot.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01634-00494341-00494629": "So hopefully y'all will see it, but yeah.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01635-00494721-00494848": "That's amazing.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01636-00494848-00495141": "And it's, and it's specifically about supporting language", "fDmQ5XB933g-01637-00495141-00495324": "revitalization.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01638-00495324-00495637": "We're working on a commission with Blossom Johnson.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01639-00495637-00495817": "And one of the things that came up was, you know,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01640-00495817-00496017": "are we truly fluent in our languages?", "fDmQ5XB933g-01641-00496017-00496347": "Even those who are lucky enough to speak their languages,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01642-00496347-00496727": "if we can't convey humor in our language and I'm like, Hmm,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01643-00496727-00497178": "how can theater and storytelling support Native language", "fDmQ5XB933g-01644-00497178-00497469": "revitalization and efforts in that way?", "fDmQ5XB933g-01645-00497469-00497689": "So I'm super excited about this.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01646-00497689-00497880": "That's amazing. Thank you for sharing.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01647-00497880-00498012": "But, yes, on that note,", "fDmQ5XB933g-01648-00498012-00498512": "everyone Happy Indigenous Peoples' Day! Celebrating you", "fDmQ5XB933g-01649-00498514-00498619": "everywhere. Let's go!", "fDmQ5XB933g-01650-00498712-00498943": "Indigenous Peoples' Day is every day.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01651-00498943-00499088": "Is every day! That's right.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01652-00499293-00499437": "Thank you all so much.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01653-00499437-00499620": "Bye-bye thank you.", "fDmQ5XB933g-01654-00499620-00499703": "Bye y'all."}}, {"audio_id": "fDDMqynkhKy", "text": {"fDDMqynkhKy-00000-00000000-00000200": "Welcome to my channel!"}}, {"audio_id": "fDLjZpHrTpu", "text": {"fDLjZpHrTpu-00000-00002979-00003316": "From July 1", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00001-00003460-00003756": "Goods and Service Tax", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00002-00003828-00003878": "Ever since the day,", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00003-00003878-00004028": "the government", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00004-00004028-00004289": "announced the GST bill", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00005-00004560-00004778": "Through out the state and country", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00006-00004950-00005258": "GST..", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00007-00005509-00005807": "people cursed the burden of the bill", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00008-00005807-00006093": "from their own perspective", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00009-00006276-00006516": "So, the people", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00010-00006676-00007013": "requested the government to make changes in the bill", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00011-00007180-00007412": "which includes to lift", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00012-00007412-00007546": "the ban on certain products", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00013-00007577-00007889": "Even some organisations and", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00014-00007889-00007989": "political outfits demanded the same", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00015-00008134-00008234": "In particular,", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00016-00008497-00008597": "all hotels", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00017-00008598-00008706": "and restaurants", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00018-00009006-00009322": "The imposed GST bill", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00019-00009347-00009519": "18% service tax", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00020-00009662-00009839": "spoken at large", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00021-00010224-00010324": "by the business organisations", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00022-00010493-00010689": "\" When we order a coffee \"", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00023-00010775-00011081": "\" Why should we have to pay 9% the central government  ?", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00024-00011176-00011433": "and the state government ? \"", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00025-00011531-00011806": "From poor people", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00026-00011828-00012140": "to the elite", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00027-00012140-00012240": "argued about this", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00028-00012303-00012403": "They were right", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00029-00012425-00012658": "I don't oppose 'em", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00030-00012778-00013084": "\" The rich \" \" The elite \"", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00031-00013162-00013416": "aren't the only one who dine at hotels and restaurants", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00032-00013571-00013844": "From various reasons", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00033-00013844-00014054": "those who cant find time for cooking at home", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00034-00014085-00014349": "those who are busy", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00035-00014349-00014583": "those who are employed", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00036-00014619-00014803": "those who travel out stations", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00037-00014951-00015112": "For unavoidable reasons", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00038-00015154-00015376": "some has to opt hotel for food", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00039-00015479-00015693": "For each meal", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00040-00015756-00016058": "of cost Rs.100", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00041-00016058-00016308": "people have to pay Rs.20 more", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00042-00016308-00016526": "which is \" 9% + 9% = 18% tax\"", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00043-00016655-00016885": "\" People does", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00044-00016926-00017222": "feel the burden of", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00045-00017222-00017493": "pay the additional tax mount of 18% \"", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00046-00017765-00017946": "At the same time,", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00047-00018140-00018388": "most of the products had", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00048-00018428-00018733": "\" 18% + 18% \"", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00049-00018733-00018839": "\" and 28% \" tax charges", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00050-00018976-00019276": "Some business associations", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00051-00019276-00019571": "from here ( state of Tamil Nadu )", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00052-00019766-00020091": "did demonstrations and protest", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00053-00020235-00020335": "against", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00054-00020367-00020598": "this GST Bill", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00056-00021200-00021510": "Our party ( Puthiya Tamilagam )", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00057-00021510-00021626": "released an official statement", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00058-00021823-00022080": "addressing the public", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00059-00022080-00022388": "about the fact that the GST bill is in existence across the globe", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00060-00022388-00022660": "and is subjected to market and inflation rates", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00061-00022920-00023224": "As far as the GST issue is concerned", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00062-00023224-00023485": "every 3 months,", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00063-00023485-00023797": "the state and central officials discuss", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00064-00023870-00023970": "the issues related to the bill", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00065-00023984-00024161": "Its the state government's responsibility", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00066-00024489-00024658": "to address the issue", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00067-00024694-00024972": "with the people ,", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00068-00024972-00025274": "vendors and delegates", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00069-00025274-00025444": "from business associations", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00070-00025476-00025775": "And every 3 moths,", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00071-00025775-00025925": "the government council has to", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00072-00025970-00026093": "find solutions and provide remedies to the public", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00073-00026216-00026316": "But", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00074-00026462-00026733": "the public are misled by the false claims and information from the political parties and business organisations.", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00075-00026733-00027009": "Thus, they deny the fact that the bill system does work in real.", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00076-00027084-00027379": "This is the major mistake committed by the business organisation against the public.", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00077-00027547-00027733": "\" wasn't there any taxes imposed on these products ever, before GST bill was introduced ? \"", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00078-00027776-00027975": "\"And haven't they ( business organisation ) done any business before ? \"", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00079-00028061-00028235": "\" Can any government \"", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00080-00028289-00028620": "\" rule without imposing a minimum taxes, in this world \"", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00081-00028622-00028914": "\" How can a government function without any imposing any taxes ? \"", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00083-00029187-00029475": "\" A government can build \"", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00084-00029475-00029768": "\" best infrastructures for the public \"", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00085-00029768-00030024": "\" with the help of taxes \"", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00086-00030045-00030179": "\" collected from the public \"", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00087-00030593-00030793": "\" People who", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00088-00030793-00030891": "oppose the GST Bill", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00089-00030891-00031001": "argues for the government to function without collecting taxes", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00090-00031051-00031375": "without any basic awareness about the system", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00091-00031489-00031792": "Which is totally impossible in this world", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00092-00031792-00032109": "But, after the GST was introduced", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00093-00032212-00032521": "these business organisation gained more profits than ever before", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00094-00032521-00032641": "by blaming the bill and government.", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00095-00032641-00032709": "This is hidden fact.", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00096-00032809-00032909": "If", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00097-00033010-00033281": "a product from Kashmir", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00098-00033281-00033547": "has to be transported to Kanyakumari", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00099-00033547-00033852": "and various locations across the country", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00100-00033852-00034159": "If", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00101-00034159-00034259": "a product from Tamil Nadu", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00102-00034269-00034370": "has to be transported", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00103-00034401-00034594": "to Gujarat", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00104-00034633-00034794": "and", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00105-00034829-00034929": "the other parts of the country", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00106-00034954-00035276": "Or from Rajasthan or Punjab or Haryana or Himachal Pradesh", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00107-00035370-00035470": "A transporter has to  check posts", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00108-00035506-00035809": "cross a minimum of 10 state", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00109-00035809-00035977": "check posts", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00110-00036079-00036408": "Every Check posts and toll gates", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00111-00036601-00036701": "they ( transporters ) have to wait", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00112-00036756-00037077": "at least 12 hours of time", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00113-00037150-00037452": "It just takes 5 to 6 days for the transporter", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00114-00037452-00037777": "but due to this problem, i", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00115-00037777-00038318": "t takes twice the time", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00116-00038365-00038572": "They go to pay", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00117-00038587-00038874": "1000 to 5000", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00118-00038874-00038974": "or even 10000 for each check posts", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00119-00039033-00039241": "Which disrupts the flow of goods", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00120-00039263-00039457": "to the destination", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00121-00039576-00039849": "Now, Toll gates are taken out due to GST", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00122-00039849-00039949": "There is no need for them", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00123-00040193-00040392": "to pay those toll gates", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00124-00040649-00040749": "A product produced", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00125-00040801-00041102": "here in Tamil Nadu", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00126-00041102-00041202": "and can be transported to any part of the country", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00127-00041211-00041438": "without any interruptions", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00128-00041471-00041571": "So, this GST Bill has freed them", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00129-00041585-00041821": "and made easy for them", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00130-00041861-00041952": "No has", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00131-00041952-00042221": "talked about the good deeds", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00132-00042222-00042554": "If a plywood produced from Kolkatta", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00133-00042554-00042654": "has to proceed to", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00134-00042666-00042998": "If a product has to transported from Surat to Tamil Nadu,", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00135-00042998-00043325": "It doesn't take more than two days because of this GST", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00136-00043327-00043427": "Previously, the transporter has to cross Gujarat border", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00137-00043436-00043776": "Rajasthan Maharastra Andhra", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00138-00043822-00044122": "and then Karnataka", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00139-00044122-00044446": "which is controlled now", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00140-00044523-00044623": "So, within two days", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00141-00044651-00044957": "product gets delivered", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00142-00044957-00045276": "Rent has been reduced", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00143-00045287-00045626": "Cost of production has been lowered", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00144-00045656-00046000": "It costs much less to produce", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00145-00046004-00046273": "But, these good outcomes", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00146-00046273-00046537": "were never brought to the public view by these business organisation", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00147-00046672-00046946": "18% for food", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00148-00046946-00047105": "For coffee...", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00149-00047148-00047495": "...", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00150-00047543-00047875": "you argued that they have imposed 18%", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00151-00047875-00048157": "So, everyone voiced out those claims", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00152-00048186-00048457": "But, now the government has revised the tax to 5% on November 15", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00153-00048589-00048689": "Then why", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00154-00048713-00049002": "even after 7 days,", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00155-00049002-00049224": "even after 7 days,", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00156-00049304-00049404": "Has", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00157-00049507-00049607": "any hotel", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00158-00049699-00049992": "has followed the revised tax plan of 5 % GST", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00159-00049992-00050288": "proposed by the central  government", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00160-00050288-00050388": "Why", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00161-00050388-00050656": "haven't you guys ( hotel management )", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00162-00050656-00050958": "have taken initiative", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00163-00050958-00051149": "to follow the GST plan", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00164-00051285-00051588": "Are you guys genuine to the public with your billing process?", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00165-00051694-00051893": "This is what I've been questioning so far!", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00166-00051988-00052143": "So,", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00167-00052217-00052317": "Now, they have", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00168-00052486-00052780": "Revised GST to 2.5%", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00169-00052780-00053074": "2.5% + 2.5% = 5% as per the present GST", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00170-00053074-00053354": "but, increased the base price of their products", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00171-00053494-00053800": "For the past 1 month, the base price of coffee", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00172-00053800-00054045": "as per 18% GST imposed plan still remains to be same with 2.5% GST plan", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00173-00054117-00054374": "So far, from 18% to 5% GST", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00174-00054374-00054613": "13% GST tax has been reduced", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00175-00054746-00054846": "Despite everything, the base price remains the same", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00176-00054969-00055165": "this is huge scam with the hotel management  which has to be addressed", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00177-00055564-00055834": "I personally", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00178-00056046-00056146": "through the social media", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00179-00056167-00056412": "through this social platform", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00180-00056412-00056617": "I request all food chains and hotel management", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00181-00056735-00056871": "You guys are", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00182-00056927-00057078": "economically", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00183-00057163-00057358": "well settled", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00184-00057405-00057505": "But", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00185-00057645-00057922": "you are accountability to the public", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00186-00057922-00058123": "you have to let the public know about your cheating scam", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00187-00058247-00058456": "You", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00188-00058456-00058742": "blamed that 18% GST was high", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00189-00058768-00059059": "And so,  the export of your business was down", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00190-00059099-00059662": "When the GST tax rate has been reduced to 5%", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00191-00059662-00059904": "why are you hesitating to charge  customers", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00192-00059904-00060110": "with 5% GST base price", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00193-00060175-00060445": "Why are you not honest ?", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00194-00060458-00060697": "This is illegal and inhumane act", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00195-00060718-00060847": "After", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00196-00060959-00061113": "this", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00197-00061311-00061472": "I give you guys 48 hours time", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00198-00061709-00061989": "All hotel and restaurant owners have", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00199-00062311-00062644": "to abide the present GST plan", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00200-00062708-00062855": "and charge the customers with actual base price which was charged before this revised GST tax plan", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00201-00062949-00063135": "Additional charges", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00202-00063208-00063526": "should not  be charged", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00203-00063706-00064032": "You should not charge the customers other", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00204-00064032-00064149": "than the revised GST tax plan", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00205-00064208-00064308": "If not,", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00206-00064323-00064426": "In Tamil Nadu", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00207-00064467-00064769": "I dare that I will gather all sects of people", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00208-00064769-00065070": "infront of all hotels and restaurants", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00209-00065070-00065156": "and stage protest", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00211-00065414-00065698": "Like", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00212-00065698-00065961": "Share", "fDLjZpHrTpu-00213-00065961-00066159": "Subscribe"}}, {"audio_id": "fEuPlRk2BVQ", "text": {"fEuPlRk2BVQ-00000-00000000-00000840": "[Music]", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00001-00000840-00001119": "Hi I'm Dr Mary Carr, Chief Veterinary", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00002-00001119-00001335": "Officer of South Australia, and I'm", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00003-00001335-00001551": "pleased to welcome you to the Red Meat", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00004-00001551-00001776": "and Wool Growth Program production", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00005-00001776-00001935": "brought to you by the Department of", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00006-00001935-00002160": "Primary Industries and Regions,", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00007-00002160-00002432": "Livestock SA, Animal Health Australia and", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00008-00002432-00002687": "the University of Adelaide. Today we are", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00009-00002687-00002871": "exploring the Enhanced Abattoir", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00010-00002871-00003039": "Surveillance program", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00011-00003039-00003220": "with a focus on rib fractures.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00012-00003220-00003503": "Enhanced Abattoir Surveillance tracks the health", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00013-00003503-00003815": "conditions of sheep found at the abattoir.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00014-00003815-00004056": "These findings are provided to producers", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00015-00004056-00004215": "to assist with planning around", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00016-00004215-00004447": "prevention and management of prevalent", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00017-00004447-00004703": "animal health conditions.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00018-00004703-00004896": "Rib fracture is not a very common", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00019-00004896-00005160": "condition in South Australian abattoirs.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00020-00005160-00005511": "It is very property and season specific.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00021-00005511-00005832": "Over the last 3 years, only 1 in 15", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00022-00005832-00006152": "properties had animals with broken ribs.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00023-00006152-00006487": "And only 1 in 40 consignment had", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00024-00006487-00006831": "reported cases of broken ribs.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00025-00006831-00007079": "At the animal level, you would find", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00026-00007079-00007392": "on average 1 in 200 slaughtered", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00027-00007392-00007679": "animal with broken ribs.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00028-00007679-00007871": "Although this is a rare condition in", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00029-00007871-00008040": "South Australia,", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00030-00008040-00008304": "since the inception of the Enhanced Abattoir", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00031-00008304-00008623": "Surveillance program in 2007, we saw a", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00032-00008623-00008856": "steady increase in this frequency of", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00033-00008856-00009087": "findings in the state.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00034-00009087-00009287": "Except in the last three years where we", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00035-00009287-00009504": "observe a slight decline.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00036-00009504-00009768": "Overall, rib fractures are much more common", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00037-00009768-00010007": "in lamb than in mutton.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00038-00010007-00010256": "From a regional point of view,", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00039-00010256-00010464": "lambs with broken ribs would more likely", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00040-00010464-00010743": "come from the southeast, when muttons", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00041-00010743-00010935": "with rib fractures will come from the", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00042-00010935-00011135": "northern pastoral region.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00043-00011135-00011304": "Although there is no apparent", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00044-00011304-00011612": "seasonality in muttons with rib fractures,", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00045-00011612-00011768": "we see a very strong", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00046-00011768-00012031": "seasonality in lambs where most rib", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00047-00012031-00012312": "fractures have been detected in spring.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00048-00012312-00012535": "So rib fractures encompasses", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00049-00012535-00012768": "recently fractured ribs or broken ribs", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00050-00012768-00013008": "and healing ribs. And so we've got callus", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00051-00013008-00013231": "formation. And so it takes about two", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00052-00013231-00013408": "months for a rib to heal.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00053-00013408-00013768": "And so the evidence will be present in", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00054-00013768-00013959": "any animal that's slaughtered basically", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00055-00013959-00014112": "from a fracture that's just occurred", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00056-00014112-00014319": "during trucking, right through to an", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00057-00014319-00014456": "animal that might have fractured their", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00058-00014456-00014680": "ribs a couple months ago.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00059-00014680-00014856": "And it can be you know one or several", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00060-00014856-00015063": "ribs affected, what we tend to find is", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00061-00015063-00015280": "it's usually only one or two ribs", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00062-00015280-00015528": "in any one carcass. So rib fractures can", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00063-00015528-00015640": "be caused by", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00064-00015640-00015840": "physical force. And so if an animal's had", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00065-00015840-00016119": "a nasty accident", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00066-00016119-00016431": "being trodden on or", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00067-00016431-00016680": "bashed around going through sheep yards.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00068-00016680-00016871": "But more commonly, we recognise it's", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00069-00016871-00017136": "associated with a nutritional deficiency.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00070-00017136-00017415": "And that may be either simply vitamin D.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00071-00017415-00017640": "And so during winter we recognise that", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00072-00017640-00017784": "southern Australia", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00073-00017784-00017975": "is predisposed to vitamin D deficiency.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00074-00017975-00018224": "Which impacts on the calcium", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00075-00018224-00018440": "availability in the body. So a lack of", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00076-00018440-00018687": "vitamin D, lack of sunlight, results in", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00077-00018687-00018847": "poor calcium uptake and so you end up", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00078-00018847-00019103": "with an osteoporosis or weak bones.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00079-00019103-00019303": "But we can also have", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00080-00019303-00019456": "calcium,", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00081-00019456-00019647": "and or copper deficiency,", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00082-00019647-00019896": "and there's a number of other macro", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00083-00019896-00020080": "and trace elements which may also play a", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00084-00020080-00020256": "role in that. From the Enhanced Abattoir", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00085-00020256-00020487": "Surveillance program, we recognise that", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00086-00020487-00020800": "lambs with rib fractures come from lines", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00087-00020800-00021008": "all over the state, but primarily it's", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00088-00021008-00021287": "the higher rainfall areas. The Fleurieu", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00089-00021287-00021519": "Peninsula, Kangaroo Island,", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00090-00021519-00021736": "mid and lower south east, for example, are", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00091-00021736-00022015": "the hot spots for rib fractures.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00092-00022015-00022168": "I might add that it is primarily a", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00093-00022168-00022375": "problem of lambs, because by the time you", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00094-00022375-00022703": "get to hogget or adult stage, usually", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00095-00022703-00022943": "the animals ribs are far more robust and", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00096-00022943-00023156": "so less inclined to be broken.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00097-00023156-00023415": "So it's often deficiencies associated with", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00098-00023415-00023584": "either the pregnant ewe", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00099-00023584-00023880": "or the the newborn lamb.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00100-00023880-00024047": "That are going to have weak bones that", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00101-00024047-00024196": "are prone to being broken.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00102-00024196-00024584": "Rib fractures present anywhere in the thorax.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00103-00024584-00024808": "And they can be in this early stages.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00104-00024808-00025024": "It can be mild, but in the later stages it", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00105-00025024-00025296": "will be more acute and will cause pleurisy.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00106-00025296-00025487": "For the producer the impact is", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00107-00025487-00025792": "that he's going to get less weight over the scales.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00108-00025792-00026039": "He's going to get a downgraded carcass", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00109-00026039-00026239": "because the processor will be able to", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00110-00026239-00026448": "recover less primal cuts.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00111-00026448-00026736": "The inspectors are trained to look for", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00112-00026736-00027019": "fractures or adhesions or broken ribs.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00113-00027019-00027272": "If they find it it goes on to the retain", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00114-00027272-00027487": "rail and removed by trimming.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00115-00027487-00027775": "So the rib fractures we had in our lambs we", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00116-00027775-00028127": "actually hadn't noticed anything on farm.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00117-00028127-00028327": "And we weren't aware of the fact that we", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00118-00028327-00028680": "had this issue until we saw in the plant", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00119-00028680-00028856": "the rib fractures in our lambs, and we're", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00120-00028856-00029087": "getting that feedback from the processor.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00121-00029087-00029312": "On farm there was no way of us really", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00122-00029312-00029487": "identifying that we were suffering any", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00123-00029487-00029760": "loss as a result of the rib fractures.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00124-00029760-00029919": "Seeing the number of lambs going through", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00125-00029919-00030151": "the chain that were impacted by rib", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00126-00030151-00030560": "fractures and seeing those ribs", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00127-00030560-00030792": "trimmed out of the carcass.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00128-00030792-00030983": "You can imagine that every one of them", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00129-00030983-00031312": "adds up to you know 400 or 500 grams,", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00130-00031312-00031519": "and if you add that up along the", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00131-00031519-00031704": "chain, pretty quickly you're starting to", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00132-00031704-00031972": "lose kilos and kilos of meat out of the kill.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00133-00031972-00032295": "So to me...", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00134-00032295-00032536": "there's a loss in kilos of lamb but", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00135-00032536-00032727": "it was also the loss in production of", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00136-00032727-00032856": "that lamb running around the paddock", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00137-00032856-00033072": "with a bunch of broken ribs.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00138-00033072-00033263": "So for me it was important to identify", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00139-00033263-00033463": "what was doing it and try and rectify it.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00140-00033463-00033648": "Once we identified that we had the", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00141-00033648-00033927": "ribofracture problem we talked to a few", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00142-00033927-00034200": "stock agents and local people who you", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00143-00034200-00034327": "know we thought might have had some", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00144-00034327-00034480": "ideas about", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00145-00034480-00034719": "what was causing these rib fractures.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00146-00034719-00034951": "Generally the advice was nutrition", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00147-00034951-00035168": "because at the moment there's obviously", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00148-00035168-00035400": "been work done on the nutrition effect", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00149-00035400-00035607": "and rib fractures.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00150-00035607-00036056": "But also, typically with shearing and crutching", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00151-00036056-00036312": "there was a lot of talk around mechanical,", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00152-00036312-00036487": "and how mechanically they could have", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00153-00036487-00036736": "been broken. So the issue we had here was", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00154-00036736-00036943": "the ribs were being broken", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00155-00036943-00037263": "in our weigh box on the rear gate so as a", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00156-00037263-00037527": "lamb entered the first lamb dropped the", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00157-00037527-00037800": "floor which shut the rear gate and if a", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00158-00037800-00037951": "second lamb happened to be following", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00159-00037951-00038183": "close behind it would pin them on the", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00160-00038183-00038336": "rib cage.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00161-00038336-00038551": "And having thought about it after seeing", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00162-00038551-00038751": "that we had these rib fractures", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00163-00038751-00039048": "we decided that that was a fairly likely", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00164-00039048-00039312": "cause of the problem.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00165-00039312-00039616": "and just with a few adjustments,", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00166-00039616-00039904": "to the way we operate and getting a new", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00167-00039904-00040024": "handler", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00168-00040024-00040239": "that operate in a totally different manner,", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00169-00040239-00040648": "we're no longer see the case the rib fractures", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00170-00040648-00040760": "in our kills.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00171-00040904-00041063": "I've followed many lines of lambs", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00172-00041063-00041231": "through the plant in the last sort of", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00173-00041231-00041400": "three to four years,", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00174-00041400-00041680": "and I don't see any numbers of rib", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00175-00041680-00041880": "fractures now compared to what I saw", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00176-00041880-00042127": "when we first identified the problem.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00177-00042127-00042351": "So I would be very confident saying that", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00178-00042351-00042551": "our rib fracture issue has been sorted.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00179-00042551-00042760": "Luckily it wasn't the nutritional one", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00180-00042760-00042960": "that is going around. It was an easy fix", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00181-00042960-00043239": "just purely out of the way we manage our", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00182-00043239-00043427": "stock and and the equipment we use.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00183-00043427-00043656": "We also embarked on a", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00184-00043656-00043827": "process of upgrading our yards.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00185-00043827-00044024": "We had a fairly old-fashioned set", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00186-00044024-00044207": "of yards that were developed over time", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00187-00044207-00044448": "by my grandpa and my dad, and they were", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00188-00044448-00044719": "fairly rickety didn't have good flow", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00189-00044719-00044927": "there was lots of corners.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00190-00044927-00045151": "Points where the animals would rub", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00191-00045151-00045512": "around, pressure points.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00192-00045512-00045680": "In building these yards we've tried to", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00193-00045680-00045863": "make it so the stock flow much more", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00194-00045863-00046039": "freely through the yards and there's", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00195-00046039-00046351": "less opportunity for them to be pinched", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00196-00046351-00046683": "or pushed into a corner or caught on something.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00197-00046683-00046887": "It's very important to have", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00198-00046887-00047216": "infrastructure that is suited to good", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00199-00047216-00047400": "animal movement.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00200-00047400-00047607": "When we talk rib fractures, you might", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00201-00047607-00047872": "have 1-2% associated with", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00202-00047872-00048143": "perhaps an unfortunate physical injury,", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00203-00048143-00048295": "but most of the time it's going to be more", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00204-00048295-00048431": "associated with", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00205-00048431-00048668": "mineral deficiencies, vitamin D deficiencies.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00206-00048668-00048792": "The important strategy is", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00207-00048792-00049000": "for producers to actually", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00208-00049000-00049407": "be aware of what deficiencies are in their flock.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00209-00049407-00049592": "And that may require soil testing,", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00210-00049592-00049800": "plant tissue analysis. All ewes should be", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00211-00049800-00049975": "getting calcium supplements in the lead", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00212-00049975-00050119": "up to lambing,", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00213-00050119-00050304": "because there are a number of different", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00214-00050304-00050480": "circumstances. Whether they're on short", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00215-00050480-00050856": "dry feed, long lush feed, on a prolonged", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00216-00050856-00051031": "grain diet. They are always going to be", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00217-00051031-00051255": "calcium deficient diets. And so I", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00218-00051255-00051408": "recommend that", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00219-00051408-00051584": "calcium supplements should be provided", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00220-00051584-00051784": "to all ewes in the last 6-8 weeks", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00221-00051784-00052048": "of lambing to encourage good", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00222-00052048-00052215": "skeletal development in the", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00223-00052215-00052391": "unborn foetuses.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00224-00052391-00052632": "Vitamin A, D, and E, for example.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00225-00052632-00052863": "Injections in the last six weeks before", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00226-00052863-00053032": "lambing can also,", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00227-00053032-00053175": "not only", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00228-00053175-00053424": "reduce the risk of rib fractures, but it", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00229-00053424-00053727": "also improves calcium metabolism and", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00230-00053727-00053912": "so reduces the risk of dystocia or", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00231-00053912-00054103": "difficult birth as well.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00232-00054103-00054260": "And then the vitamin E is also an", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00233-00054260-00054496": "immuno-stimulant. so it prevents", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00234-00054496-00054648": "the likelihood of infection.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00235-00054648-00054839": "You'll get seasonal variations for sure.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00236-00054839-00055063": "And it's always the more the wetter", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00237-00055063-00055208": "years or the higher rainfall years where", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00238-00055208-00055403": "we see a lot more rib fractures occurring.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00239-00055403-00055575": "But some properties, and", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00240-00055575-00055815": "they may know through feedback from the", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00241-00055815-00056160": "Enhanced Abbatoir Surveillance program,", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00242-00056160-00056424": "occur every year. And so they", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00243-00056424-00056560": "need to seriously think about", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00244-00056560-00056800": "preventative strategies to minimise", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00245-00056800-00056960": "the risk. And of course they'll get the", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00246-00056960-00057167": "benefit through improved welfare and", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00247-00057167-00057303": "growth rates in their lambs.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00248-00057344-00057615": "As a result of the Enhanced Abattoir", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00249-00057615-00057791": "Surveillance and the feedback we were", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00250-00057791-00057951": "seeing from the plant,", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00251-00057951-00058127": "we identified that we had the rib", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00252-00058127-00058312": "fracture problem.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00253-00058312-00058727": "Looked into it. Found a potential problem.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00254-00058727-00058927": "Made some changes to our infrastructure", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00255-00058927-00059039": "to avoid", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00256-00059039-00059255": "that problem in the future, and now we're", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00257-00059255-00059415": "seeing much less prevalence", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00258-00059415-00059555": "of rib fractures.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00259-00059555-00059872": "And going forward I can't see why they", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00260-00059872-00060032": "should return here on this farm.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00261-00060072-00060448": "Between 2007 and 2021, the Department of", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00262-00060448-00060663": "Primary Industries and Regions managed", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00263-00060663-00060848": "the enhanced abattoir surveillance", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00264-00060848-00061112": "program at Lobethal and Murray Bridge,", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00265-00061112-00061296": "with funding from the state and national", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00266-00061296-00061512": "Sheep Industry Funds and national", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00267-00061512-00061832": "industry funding from Meat and Livestock Australia.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00268-00061832-00062055": "It was the EAS program that provided", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00269-00062055-00062424": "producers with the feedback discussed in this video.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00270-00062424-00062696": "Although EAS monitoring has ceased there", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00271-00062696-00062903": "are plans in place to transition to", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00272-00062903-00063263": "entering South Australian data into the national system.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00273-00063263-00063448": "This national data can inform the", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00274-00063448-00063648": "development and funding of appropriate", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00275-00063648-00063848": "industry and government initiatives on", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00276-00063848-00064048": "the ground to better support South Australian", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00277-00064048-00064287": "producers to reduce losses", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00278-00064287-00064520": "caused by unnecessary carcass trimming", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00279-00064520-00064815": "and to take advantage of premium markets.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00280-00064815-00065048": "To assist producers, Animal Health Australia", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00281-00065048-00065279": "has partnered with PIRSA to create the", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00282-00065279-00065648": "Sheep Health Conditions - Carcass Impacts tool.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00283-00065648-00066048": "A 3d digital tool designed to show the industry what 6", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00284-00066048-00066296": "common conditions look like on a carcass,", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00285-00066296-00066512": "and give them an idea of how much trim", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00286-00066512-00066744": "may occur at the processor.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00287-00066744-00067048": "Livestock SA encourages all producers to", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00288-00067048-00067248": "talk to their processors about what", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00289-00067248-00067479": "carcass and disease and condition data", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00290-00067479-00067732": "they can access from their consignments.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00291-00067748-00067963": "Thanks for watching. We hope you have", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00292-00067963-00068172": "learned more about rib fractures and the", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00293-00068172-00068387": "importance of managing sheep health with", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00294-00068387-00068687": "the help of Enhanced Abattoir Surveillance.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00295-00068687-00068848": "To find out more or get", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00296-00068848-00069055": "support with your business, contact your", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00297-00069055-00069255": "local animal health advisor from the", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00298-00069255-00069536": "Department of Primary Industries and Regions,", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00299-00069536-00069744": "or the South Australian livestock", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00300-00069744-00069975": "biosecurity extension team through the", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00301-00069975-00070115": "Livestock SA office.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00302-00070115-00070332": "The Red Meat and Wool Growth Program is", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00303-00070332-00070508": "an initiative of the Government of South", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00304-00070508-00070724": "Australia and supported by Meat and", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00305-00070724-00070979": "Livestock Australia, the South Australian", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00306-00070979-00071187": "Sheep and Cattle Industry Funds and", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00307-00071187-00071396": "Sheep Connect SA.", "fEuPlRk2BVQ-00308-00071396-00071508": "[Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "fE-NSQ7eSJk", "text": {"fE-NSQ7eSJk-00000-00000176-00000503": "(upbeat music)", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00001-00000677-00000834": "- Hey there, my name is Tom Greenaway", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00002-00000834-00000940": "and I'm the games lead", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00003-00000940-00001121": "for the Chrome and Web Developer Relations Team", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00004-00001121-00001267": "here at Google.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00005-00001267-00001494": "2020 has been a pretty intense year,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00006-00001494-00001661": "I think we all know that.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00007-00001661-00001881": "And COVID has forced us to change,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00008-00001881-00002125": "and re-imagine how we approach our lives", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00009-00002125-00002258": "and our work.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00010-00002258-00002362": "Early this year,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00011-00002362-00002582": "Google and many other companies around the world", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00012-00002582-00002776": "have to make a difficult decision", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00013-00002776-00002949": "to cancel the physical presence", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00014-00002949-00003196": "about developer conferences.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00015-00003196-00003426": "But when Chrome Developer Summit was canceled,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00016-00003426-00003560": "I had an idea", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00017-00003560-00003903": "and that idea came from a simple question I asked myself.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00018-00003903-00004244": "How can we reimagine the best parts of physical events", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00019-00004244-00004417": "in the digital world?", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00020-00004417-00004718": "Well, our solution is Adventure", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00021-00004718-00005018": "or Chrome Developer Summit adventure to be specific,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00022-00005018-00005258": "but I just like to call it adventure.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00023-00005258-00005455": "It's a realtime multiplayer web game", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00024-00005455-00005812": "that reimagines conferences in a post COVID world.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00025-00005812-00006062": "Adventure combines the magic of conferences,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00026-00006062-00006326": "like a sense of community and socializing", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00027-00006326-00006623": "with the discovery of content and learning.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00028-00006623-00006810": "And what better way to engage with users", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00029-00006810-00007147": "and to drive exploration and discovery, but with a game.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00030-00007147-00007340": "So, in this talk, I'm going to show you", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00031-00007340-00007667": "how we started with that idea, the prototype I built", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00032-00007667-00007941": "and then all of the product, and technical decisions,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00033-00007941-00008101": "and challenges that we tackled", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00034-00008101-00008358": "from the beginning to the end of this adventure.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00035-00008495-00008645": "So, let's start with that idea", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00036-00008645-00008832": "and that original question.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00037-00008832-00009139": "How can we reimagine the best parts of physical events", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00038-00009139-00009292": "in the digital world?", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00039-00009292-00009556": "So, let's focus on the middle part of that.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00040-00009556-00009779": "What are the best parts of physical events?", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00041-00009886-00010030": "This is a subjective topic,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00042-00010030-00010206": "but in my personal opinion,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00043-00010206-00010517": "I would say first and foremost, it's meeting new people.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00044-00010517-00010724": "Of course, at a conference like CDS", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00045-00010724-00010874": "it's about meeting other developers,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00046-00010874-00011141": "industry folk or Googler who is from the Chrome Team.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00047-00011141-00011404": "And then there's hallway conversations,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00048-00011404-00011524": "it's great to be able to just dock", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00049-00011524-00011701": "into a private conversation with someone,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00050-00011701-00011988": "for a business meeting or a catch up with an old friend.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00051-00011988-00012235": "And then there's exploration and learning.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00052-00012235-00012435": "It's great when you can enter a conference", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00053-00012435-00012666": "and you just get to explore everything it has to offer.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00054-00012666-00012936": "It's like stepping into a new world and finding demos", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00055-00012936-00013263": "and content to discover, code labs and product demos,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00056-00013263-00013363": "or watching the talks", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00057-00013363-00013610": "and learning about new announcements and new APIs.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00058-00013610-00013830": "And of course, there's the swag as well, right?", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00059-00013830-00014140": "We can't forget about the swag, putting pins on your bag", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00060-00014140-00014437": "or your jacket accessorizing it's a ton of fun.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00061-00014437-00014641": "And honestly, there's just a lot of other fun", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00062-00014641-00014901": "that happens at conferences like CDS as well,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00063-00014901-00015175": "foosball, potties, jazz music.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00064-00015175-00015298": "And when you put it all together,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00065-00015298-00015595": "a conference is more than the sum of its parts.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00066-00015595-00015699": "Hey, wait, wait a second.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00067-00015699-00015999": "What is that on the left-hand side of that top right image?", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00068-00015999-00016353": "Let's see if we can zoom in on the left, enhance.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00069-00016449-00016910": "Yes, indeed it's a dino costume.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00070-00016910-00017083": "It's not a bad idea actually.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00071-00017083-00017213": "Let's come back to that.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00072-00017213-00017497": "Anyway, so in reflection the best parts of a conference", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00073-00017497-00017887": "in my opinion are meeting new people, hallway conversations,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00074-00017887-00018121": "exploring a conference, the demos and the content", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00075-00018121-00018221": "you can discover", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00076-00018221-00018501": "and then collecting the swag and having fun.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00077-00018501-00018752": "But how did I reimagine all of these ideas", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00078-00018752-00019032": "from the physical conference in a digital way?", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00079-00019032-00019205": "Well, you see, I realize that in a way", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00080-00019205-00019439": "we've already solved a huge chunk of these problems", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00081-00019439-00019596": "in the games industry.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00082-00019596-00019766": "I mean, all of these things can be achieved", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00083-00019766-00019926": "in a multiplayer game, right?", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00084-00019926-00020056": "Yeah, meeting new people", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00085-00020056-00020190": "it's like a multi-player world", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00086-00020190-00020337": "or having hallway conversations", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00087-00020337-00020640": "it's like private chat or explore your conference.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00088-00020640-00020830": "It's a bit like exploring a dungeon.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00089-00020830-00021061": "And when you walk up to a demo at an event,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00090-00021061-00021241": "it's a bit like finding a new stage in a game", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00091-00021241-00021414": "or stepping into a new world.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00092-00021414-00021681": "And then lastly, collecting swag", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00093-00021681-00021878": "and collecting pins.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00094-00021878-00021992": "I mean, is it really that different", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00095-00021992-00022205": "to a loot drop in a video game.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00096-00022205-00022405": "So, let's take a look at my first attempt", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00097-00022405-00022612": "at combining all of these things.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00098-00022612-00022796": "Let's look at the prototype.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00099-00022942-00023106": "So, I built this in just over a week", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00100-00023106-00023243": "using the construct game engine", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00101-00023243-00023526": "and Node.js with web sockets on the server.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00102-00023526-00023753": "What you see here is a web-based prototype,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00103-00023753-00023867": "which gives players a world", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00104-00023867-00024127": "to explore with just keyboard movement,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00105-00024127-00024277": "and that world is effectively", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00106-00024277-00024477": "an imaginary conference spaces.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00107-00024477-00024634": "There are bots to chat to", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00108-00024634-00024821": "that give you can conversation responses", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00109-00024821-00025171": "when you bump into them, just like NPCs in a video game.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00110-00025271-00025405": "But you can meet other players too,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00111-00025405-00025645": "and you can just send text chats freely with them.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00112-00025645-00025749": "So, you just hit enter", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00113-00025749-00025892": "and then talk whatever you want.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00114-00025992-00026189": "And like I said, if you want to interact with anything,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00115-00026189-00026439": "you can just walk up to it and bump into it.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00116-00026439-00026676": "Computers, launch code maps, product demos,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00117-00026676-00026997": "or documentation pages in a new tab on your computer.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00118-00026997-00027110": "And of course, the web is actually", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00119-00027110-00027370": "the perfect platform for this problem.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00120-00027370-00027691": "We can just link out to content from a new direction.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00121-00027787-00027991": "And some experiences can even be embedded", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00122-00027991-00028164": "into the game itself.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00123-00028164-00028465": "Just like the Lighthouse APIperformance tool here,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00124-00028465-00028732": "we built that so we can analyze any web page", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00125-00028732-00028955": "and it will tell you its performance.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00126-00028955-00029169": "And so, I leveraged the Lighthouse APIAPI", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00127-00029169-00029409": "and I call it from the backend of the system.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00128-00029409-00029663": "So, in this prototype, if you bump into this wizard,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00129-00029663-00029819": "he'll ask you for URL", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00130-00029819-00029989": "and then he'll start to work his magic.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00131-00029989-00030090": "And in the game,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00132-00030090-00030317": "you see the results appear above the Lighthouse.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00133-00030317-00030530": "So, everyone experiences that together.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00134-00030530-00030707": "And then our physical conferences,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00135-00030707-00030890": "we often have experiences just like this,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00136-00030890-00031144": "that blend the digital with the physical.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00137-00031144-00031314": "And what about private conversations?", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00138-00031314-00031474": "Well, for the prototype,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00139-00031474-00031768": "I let users launch straight into Google Meet video calls", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00140-00031768-00031955": "through these little tables.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00141-00031955-00032212": "Anyone could just jump into a quick chat together", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00142-00032212-00032632": "if they wanted, not with a tap or a click, but with a bump.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00143-00032632-00032846": "And of course, the prototype wouldn't have been complete", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00144-00032846-00033046": "without a fishing mini game, right?", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00145-00033046-00033216": "And what happens when you collect a fish,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00146-00033216-00033420": "you get a reward, a fish batch.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00147-00033420-00033650": "So, in actual fact, this prototype demonstrated", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00148-00033650-00033947": "that the entire idea was completely achievable.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00149-00033947-00034140": "It has everything to the realtime multiplayer,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00150-00034140-00034424": "private chat, game wild, interactive elements,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00151-00034424-00034607": "item collection, and even the humor.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00152-00034607-00034851": "So, now that I've shown you a prototype", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00153-00034851-00035118": "that's just one thing, but going from a prototype", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00154-00035118-00035338": "to a finished product needs a lot more work.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00155-00035465-00035628": "There are many product questions", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00156-00035628-00035795": "that we need to answer and decisions", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00157-00035795-00035982": "we need to make along the way.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00158-00035982-00036132": "For example, how does this fit in", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00159-00036132-00036386": "with our traditional digital events strategy?", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00160-00036386-00036623": "Well, let's take a look at what our digital events", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00161-00036623-00036733": "normally look like.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00162-00036733-00036940": "Well, of course, we have the YouTube live stream,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00163-00036940-00037153": "the main talks being broadcast.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00164-00037153-00037293": "At the physical event, of course,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00165-00037293-00037587": "this is actually in a real theater we broadcast from.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00166-00037587-00037914": "And we have individual talks as well that can be prerecorded", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00167-00037914-00038014": "or code labs,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00168-00038014-00038244": "which developers can do at the event or online.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00169-00038244-00038345": "And only a Google,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00170-00038345-00038488": "when we run a physical event,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00171-00038488-00038795": "we have physical experiences with demo sandboxes.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00172-00038795-00039049": "Kind of like that Lighthouse API example, I showed earlier.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00173-00039049-00039315": "But those sandboxes are often a mixture", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00174-00039315-00039572": "of digital and physical interactions.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00175-00039572-00039673": "So, that's not really something", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00176-00039673-00039903": "that's feasible on a traditional website.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00177-00039903-00040160": "We also have office hour consults with Googlers", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00178-00040160-00040383": "and developers lists  that can be scheduled too.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00179-00040383-00040533": "So, you can see that the web is,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00180-00040533-00040747": "like I said, the perfect tool for this problem.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00181-00040747-00041084": "In essence, adventure is like a parallel dimension", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00182-00041084-00041277": "into our conferences content.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00183-00041277-00041474": "We can link to all of the same content", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00184-00041474-00041641": "just from a different direction.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00185-00041641-00041761": "And that's really the power", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00186-00041761-00041931": "and the beauty of the web, right?", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00187-00041931-00042185": "So, it's simple adventure will just sit alongside", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00188-00042185-00042499": "our traditional website and even enable things we lost", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00189-00042499-00042642": "like the sandboxes.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00190-00042642-00042949": "Okay, but what are the risks of truly open chat?", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00191-00042949-00043126": "Because let's get realistic here.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00192-00043126-00043366": "If we open it to anyone in the world,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00193-00043366-00043616": "I think we all know that without good moderation", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00194-00043616-00043720": "and a bit of vetting", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00195-00043720-00043997": "that people can kind of be jerks on the internet.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00196-00043997-00044140": "So, we made a decision early on", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00197-00044140-00044404": "that this would be an experiment first and foremost.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00198-00044404-00044621": "We decided that we would invite a set of attendees", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00199-00044621-00044938": "by our regular traditional registration processes", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00200-00044938-00045105": "for the physical conference.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00201-00045105-00045301": "And then we would limit the open chat", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00202-00045301-00045525": "to own those invited attendees,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00203-00045525-00045709": "but we still wanted anyone else in the world", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00204-00045709-00045939": "to be able to explore the world", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00205-00045939-00046082": "and listen to those conversations", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00206-00046082-00046302": "between attendees and Googlers,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00207-00046302-00046496": "but that doesn't mean that you have to be completely silent", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00208-00046496-00046599": "if you're a guest.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00209-00046599-00046766": "You can react with emoji", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00210-00046766-00046966": "to the different conversations", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00211-00046966-00047100": "between the attendees", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00212-00047100-00047320": "and to the content of the world itself.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00213-00047320-00047470": "It's sort of like a way of putting you", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00214-00047470-00047664": "in the room where it happened.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00215-00047664-00047977": "And normally we can only invite 1000 people to CDS", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00216-00047977-00048161": "due to the physical limits of the conference.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00217-00048161-00048321": "And this year we'll still invite", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00218-00048321-00048501": "a thousand people as attendees,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00219-00048501-00048615": "but with the guest feature,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00220-00048615-00048888": "we can invite several thousand more to watch.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00221-00048888-00049082": "Okay, but how can we also", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00222-00049082-00049275": "best achieve those hallway conversations", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00223-00049275-00049452": "I showed you earlier,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00224-00049452-00049622": "these sorts of things", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00225-00049622-00049796": "because they happen a lot actually?", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00226-00050033-00050173": "And what's up with hand gestures.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00227-00050173-00050290": "Do they magically make people", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00228-00050290-00050423": "look more convincing?", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00229-00050523-00050650": "Anyway, nevermind.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00230-00050650-00050957": "So, we decided to continue exploring that idea", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00231-00050957-00051191": "that it should mirror a real conference.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00232-00051191-00051358": "In a real conference what happens?", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00233-00051358-00051611": "You step aside and you step into a private area", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00234-00051611-00051778": "if you want a private chat.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00235-00051778-00052005": "The key to solving this is realizing that", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00236-00052005-00052205": "since a game world gives us space,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00237-00052205-00052382": "that space can mean something.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00238-00052382-00052555": "So, in the prototype I showed you earlier,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00239-00052555-00052702": "I used the concept of a table", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00240-00052702-00052859": "that could launch a video call.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00241-00052859-00053066": "But obviously connecting strangers", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00242-00053066-00053246": "out of conference via video chat", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00243-00053246-00053503": "could lead to some not so great situations.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00244-00053503-00053610": "So, in the end,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00245-00053610-00053840": "we embraced the metaphor of the water cooler.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00246-00053840-00053947": "Here's how it works.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00247-00053947-00054144": "When you stand next to a water cooler,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00248-00054144-00054357": "your chat messages instantly transitioned", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00249-00054357-00054504": "from being public to private,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00250-00054504-00054724": "and only other users standing next to the water cooler", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00251-00054724-00054854": "can hear you.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00252-00054854-00055015": "And by verifying with the server,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00253-00055015-00055141": "we can limit the number of people", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00254-00055141-00055331": "standing next to a water cooler.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00255-00055331-00055435": "But I know what you're thinking,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00256-00055435-00055632": "will people just walk to the water cooler.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00257-00055632-00055932": "Well, actually we can have a timer on the water cooler", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00258-00055932-00056079": "that automatically boots users", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00259-00056079-00056179": "if they stand next to it", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00260-00056179-00056439": "for more than 10 minutes, it's simple.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00261-00056439-00056656": "It's just enough time to have a quick chat", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00262-00056656-00056963": "and then transition that discussion from", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00263-00056963-00057183": "adventure to another platform like Twitter,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00264-00057183-00057344": "or maybe a video conference.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00265-00057344-00057597": "Okay, next, what should we be able to interact with", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00266-00057597-00057697": "in the game world.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00267-00057697-00058001": "Well, for me, the answer to this was pretty simple.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00268-00058001-00058194": "Everything we can think of.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00269-00058194-00058398": "If you want to encourage exploration,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00270-00058398-00058688": "then you should make people feel rewarded for doing it.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00271-00058688-00058962": "Books, bots if you see a plant", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00272-00058962-00059159": "all of these things should generate a response", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00273-00059159-00059269": "if you bumped into it,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00274-00059269-00059512": "and then the theater entrance and the lighthouse.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00275-00059512-00059683": "Of course, if you bumped into the book,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00276-00059683-00059856": "it should take you to a webpage.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00277-00059856-00060056": "If you bump into someone, they should talk to you.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00278-00060056-00060236": "If you bump into a plant, something should happen.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00279-00060236-00060343": "And the theater entrance", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00280-00060343-00060533": "that should take you to the live stream, right?", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00281-00060533-00060754": "In the Lighthouse API we covered it earlier.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00282-00060754-00060974": "Okay, but how can we differentiate", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00283-00060974-00061211": "between attendees, Google and bots?", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00284-00061214-00061317": "On the left-hand side,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00285-00061317-00061511": "we have a Google with an aura around them.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00286-00061511-00061651": "This was our way of differentiating", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00287-00061651-00061855": "between Google as attendees.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00288-00061855-00062038": "But what about the bots,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00289-00062038-00062325": "those NPCs, the non-player controlled characters", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00290-00062325-00062452": "from the prototype who responded", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00291-00062452-00062649": "to users when you bumped into them?", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00292-00062649-00062769": "Well, we had an idea.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00293-00062769-00063096": "What if all the bots who were employed by Google", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00294-00063096-00063276": "were dressed in the same outfit", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00295-00063276-00063596": "and what better outfit than the Chrome Dino.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00296-00063596-00063857": "See, I knew that idea from earlier would come in hand,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00297-00063857-00064010": "but if they all look like this,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00298-00064010-00064147": "it might get a bit boring, right?", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00299-00064147-00064354": "So, we decided we could spruce them up.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00300-00064354-00064614": "So, he can see some of the swag that players can unlock", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00301-00064614-00064714": "in the game as well,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00302-00064714-00064908": "and we have tons more in the game actually,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00303-00064908-00065038": "and you can unlock different swag", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00304-00065038-00065218": "for accomplishing different things,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00305-00065218-00065441": "which leads into my next topic.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00306-00065441-00065665": "How do we cope with the visual noise?", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00307-00065665-00065945": "And I'm not talking about the technical backend scaling,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00308-00065945-00066209": "although we will come to that, I'm talking about this,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00309-00066209-00066453": "like literally the visual noise.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00310-00066453-00066599": "Well, firstly, we decided to limit", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00311-00066599-00066773": "the rendering of guests on screen", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00312-00066773-00067047": "to a maximum of around 20 users.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00313-00067047-00067260": "And since the majority of noise is likely", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00314-00067260-00067390": "to come from those guests,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00315-00067390-00067637": "we thought that would be one good step in cutting down", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00316-00067637-00067844": "the number of users rendered on screen.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00317-00067844-00067967": "And secondly, we designed", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00318-00067967-00068238": "a kind of micro chat bubble interface.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00319-00068238-00068385": "Instead of a chat message taking up", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00320-00068385-00068558": "a big chunk of space on the screen,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00321-00068558-00068755": "we can leverage the fact that chat is sequenced", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00322-00068755-00069072": "by time and play it word by word.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00323-00069072-00069279": "And lastly, we designed the world itself", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00324-00069279-00069536": "to encourage you is to spread out organically.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00325-00069536-00069799": "For example, we have distributed sporting locations", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00326-00069799-00070046": "and the content and the product rooms themselves", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00327-00070046-00070183": "are spread out as well.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00328-00070183-00070463": "And then there are secrets to discovering different areas.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00329-00070463-00070690": "So, all of this encourages users to explore.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00330-00070690-00071021": "And then we also tied all of that into the item collection,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00331-00071021-00071241": "which I talked about a little bit earlier.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00332-00071241-00071454": "So, if you complete code labs", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00333-00071454-00071628": "or if you just find and discover secrets,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00334-00071628-00071775": "you unlock different swag.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00335-00071775-00072078": "So, users will be incentivized to explore.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00336-00072078-00072265": "Okay, but how can we drive virality", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00337-00072265-00072412": "in the webcam as well?", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00338-00072412-00072599": "In my Google IO talk from last year,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00339-00072599-00072806": "I actually discussed the power of the URL", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00340-00072806-00072939": "in web game design.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00341-00072939-00073136": "I said that to drive by reality,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00342-00073136-00073470": "you should leverage the web superpower, the URL,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00343-00073470-00073633": "because there's no other platform", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00344-00073633-00073820": "that is more viral than the web.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00345-00073820-00074107": "When users see a URL, they know what it means.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00346-00074107-00074307": "They know that it means you can tap it", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00347-00074307-00074601": "and be whisked away to something that could be,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00348-00074601-00074764": "well, it could be anything actually,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00349-00074764-00075055": "and yet they completely trusted to tap that link", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00350-00075055-00075328": "and to jump into something completely unknown.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00351-00075328-00075605": "In fact, here's my slide from Google IO on this topic", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00352-00075605-00075892": "where I gave examples of game science you could leverage", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00353-00075892-00076152": "to integrate with URL in different ways.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00354-00076152-00076459": "For adventure I leveraged the exploration mechanic.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00355-00076459-00076686": "I can share a link that can teleport a friend", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00356-00076686-00076846": "into the same room as me,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00357-00076846-00077093": "and that's exactly what we've done with Adventure.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00358-00077093-00077250": "But after making all of these decisions,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00359-00077250-00077470": "we have to really build the thing, right?", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00360-00077470-00077670": "And we decided we'd need a full team", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00361-00077670-00077874": "to finish this adventure.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00362-00077874-00078074": "And of course, if you're going to build a game,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00363-00078074-00078258": "you're going to want game developers.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00364-00078258-00078458": "Well, luckily, I am a game developer,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00365-00078458-00078755": "before Google I made the award-winning mobile game Duet,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00366-00078755-00078928": "a fast-paced minimalist action game", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00367-00078928-00079092": "with a mysterious narrative,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00368-00079092-00079235": "but I'm just one person.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00369-00079235-00079419": "So, I collaborated with Set Snail,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00370-00079419-00079646": "a game development agency based in Denmark,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00371-00079646-00079746": "and then known for creating", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00372-00079746-00079996": "the award-winning mobile game, Daddy Long Legs.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00373-00079996-00080196": "So together Brian, Christopher, Eric,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00374-00080196-00080330": "Kasper, Mortern, Bjarke,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00375-00080330-00080520": "Rasmus and I have been working together", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00376-00080520-00080794": "in the last few months to build the final product.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00377-00080794-00080894": "It's not done yet,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00378-00080894-00081077": "but I'm super proud of the incredible work", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00379-00081077-00081201": "that Sets Snail have done.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00380-00081201-00081408": "But before we step into the final result,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00381-00081408-00081541": "let's take a look at the work", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00382-00081541-00081731": "that went on behind the scenes.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00383-00081731-00081845": "Let's look at the code", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00384-00081845-00082062": "and what better to stop in the backend.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00385-00082062-00082375": "Since ultimately, this is an experimental new kind of conference.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00386-00082375-00082749": "We set ourselves a goal of at most 10,000 users", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00387-00082749-00082959": "at once across all our user types.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00388-00082959-00083146": "Now, you should know I'm recording this talk", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00389-00083146-00083420": "about eight weeks away from CDS itself.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00390-00083420-00083673": "So, I hope the technical decisions we've made so far", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00391-00083673-00083800": "handle that goal effectively,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00392-00083800-00083983": "but maybe things will have changed.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00393-00084137-00084314": "Now, since we knew we'd want web sockets,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00394-00084314-00084467": "and we knew exactly how many clients", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00395-00084467-00084634": "we would be aiming to support.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00396-00084634-00084861": "We went with compute engine for the service.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00397-00084861-00085131": "It doesn't order the scale but it does support web sockets,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00398-00085131-00085255": "which is important.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00399-00085255-00085445": "And to keep things simple for deployment,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00400-00085445-00085592": "we use Docker,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00401-00085592-00085869": "and for the application stack, we went with Node.js.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00402-00085869-00086032": "We knew we'd want to share game logic", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00403-00086032-00086159": "between the server and the client.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00404-00086159-00086419": "So, Node.js was perfect as maybe we could write", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00405-00086419-00086696": "type scripts that can be shared on both sides.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00406-00086696-00086903": "And to scale the backend with our sockets,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00407-00086903-00087130": "we went with redis as a messaging backend,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00408-00087130-00087313": "and we're experimenting with using memory store", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00409-00087313-00087477": "and Google Cloud for this.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00410-00087477-00087801": "And to simplify our web socket and logic and management", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00411-00087801-00087967": "we used socket IO.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00412-00087967-00088264": "And finally, all I use a data stored in Firestone", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00413-00088264-00088561": "the database system of Firebase for stuff like avatars", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00414-00088561-00088828": "and profile information, that kind of thing.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00415-00088828-00089072": "But how do all these pots fit together?", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00416-00089072-00089342": "Well, it sounds with our client connecting to a login server,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00417-00089342-00089539": "which has also rendered Node.js.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00418-00089539-00089689": "The login server connects to firebase", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00419-00089689-00089956": "for authentication and also acts as a load balance", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00420-00089956-00090153": "for our game servers on the right.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00421-00090153-00090326": "And we authenticate with the Google account", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00422-00090326-00090510": "and we went with this to keep things simple,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00423-00090510-00090770": "but firebase auth can support other kinds", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00424-00090770-00090997": "of federated authentication options like Facebook,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00425-00090997-00091314": "Twitter, or even phone numbers and email logins.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00426-00091314-00091638": "And after that, the login server then picks a Node", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00427-00091638-00091938": "and the client establishes a direct connection to that Node.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00428-00092042-00092315": "An old game logic actions, and game stayed updates", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00429-00092315-00092519": "fly across Node socket connection.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00430-00092519-00092786": "And the node synchronize with each other by memory store", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00431-00092786-00093059": "and of course fire store  will synchronize the long-term data.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00432-00093059-00093246": "Okay, but what about the front end?", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00433-00093246-00093463": "For our game plan we knew we wanted a render", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00434-00093463-00093753": "that could handle crisp art with skeletal animations,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00435-00093753-00094000": "and hopefully, it's 60 frames per second.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00436-00094000-00094194": "And we need great flexible UI", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00437-00094194-00094404": "and a solid authentication system.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00438-00094404-00094624": "So, we went with Pixi from the graphics render room.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00439-00094624-00094808": "It's a widely used render for web games", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00440-00094808-00094981": "that supports WebGL.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00441-00094981-00095191": "And for all of our UI, we went with React", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00442-00095191-00095402": "because after all this is the web, right?", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00443-00095402-00095645": "HTML and CSS are very expressive", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00444-00095645-00095842": "and already very capable.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00445-00095842-00096046": "We don't need to reinvent the wheel.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00446-00096046-00096156": "And by using the web,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00447-00096156-00096419": "we have better up for accessibility as well.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00448-00096419-00096536": "And we actually picked React", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00449-00096536-00096853": "because the engineering team were already familiar with it.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00450-00096853-00097220": "And also, we plan to test Pre-act as well.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00451-00097220-00097373": "And finally, for the authentication,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00452-00097373-00097474": "I mentioned this earlier,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00453-00097474-00097710": "but we dropped in firebase auth.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00454-00097710-00097884": "Okay, but let's jump into a few", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00455-00097884-00098044": "of the interesting technical challenges", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00456-00098044-00098241": "we encountered so far in the project.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00457-00098241-00098468": "First, how do we optimize the bandwidth?", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00458-00098468-00098695": "As in the bandwidth of the web socket?", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00459-00098695-00098962": "Well, let's take a look at a representation of a user.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00460-00098962-00099242": "These are the basic properties that are visible here.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00461-00099242-00099456": "Now, when pots of this data change", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00462-00099456-00099582": "between the server and the client,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00463-00099582-00099806": "we want to obviously synchronize this data.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00464-00099806-00100053": "But if we send all of the data, that's wasteful.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00465-00100053-00100273": "So, a very simple strategy", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00466-00100273-00100483": "is just send a Delta, right?", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00467-00100483-00100660": "But can we compress this further?", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00468-00100660-00100917": "Obviously, this will be compressed with text compression,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00469-00100917-00101114": "but maybe we can design our code", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00470-00101114-00101367": "to compress this amount of data even further", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00471-00101367-00101628": "because we know something about the way the game works", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00472-00101628-00101888": "and maybe we can strip away unnecessary data.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00473-00101888-00102125": "What if we used integers to communicate", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00474-00102125-00102402": "which fields are being updated instead of the key values", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00475-00102402-00102665": "and some fields could be updated implicitly", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00476-00102665-00102886": "based on their order and the position.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00477-00102886-00103089": "If we delimit with just commas", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00478-00103089-00103316": "and then assume the order as the first token,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00479-00103316-00103643": "the zero integer implicitly indicates the type,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00480-00103643-00103917": "for example, here zero is for update.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00481-00103917-00104037": "And then the second token,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00482-00104037-00104377": "24601 implicitly as the player ID,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00483-00104377-00104674": "then all the tokens option that can be treated as pair.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00484-00104674-00104851": "So, for example, the third and fourth token", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00485-00104851-00105071": "represent the key and the value it's updating.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00486-00105071-00105311": "So, two being the second field and user data,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00487-00105311-00105592": "which was the Y value is being updated to one", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00488-00105592-00105875": "which is communicated in the fourth token.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00489-00105875-00106076": "And then you can see the same pattern applies", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00490-00106076-00106259": "for the fifth and the sixth tokens.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00491-00106259-00106516": "So, the field or the key to update,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00492-00106516-00106616": "and then the value.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00493-00106616-00106860": "Here in this case, it's changing the player's name.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00494-00106860-00107043": "So, how much of the saving is this?", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00495-00107043-00107373": "Well, that's actually 113 bites versus 29 bites,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00496-00107373-00107657": "a saving of 75% in the data transfer.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00497-00107657-00107904": "And this is interesting to note here", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00498-00107904-00108168": "it's in standard practice in the games industry", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00499-00108168-00108518": "that when you know exactly how your game works", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00500-00108518-00108765": "and you know exactly you have complete control", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00501-00108765-00108912": "over the networking design,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00502-00108912-00109185": "you can really optimize your network design", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00503-00109185-00109362": "and the data that you're sending to work", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00504-00109362-00109489": "for that particular game.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00505-00109586-00109729": "But an interesting element is that", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00506-00109729-00109926": "we haven't actually deployed this optimization yet,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00507-00109926-00110026": "because like I said,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00508-00110026-00110200": "we're still two months out from the event.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00509-00110200-00110353": "It's possible that in practice", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00510-00110353-00110490": "while we reduce the bandwidth,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00511-00110490-00110690": "the CPU complexity will increase too much", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00512-00110690-00110857": "to support this in the wild", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00513-00110857-00111030": "because this is effectively a trade off", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00514-00111030-00111234": "between bandwidth and CPU.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00515-00111234-00111468": "Okay, but what about rendering bottlenecks?", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00516-00111468-00111621": "In the client itself,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00517-00111621-00111751": "this might be a surprise,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00518-00111751-00111961": "but Pixi doesn't actually have a built-in concept", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00519-00111961-00112085": "of a camera.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00520-00112085-00112345": "Therefore, we need to implement client's side culling.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00521-00112345-00112522": "In otherwise, we don't want to render an image", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00522-00112522-00112796": "that's outside of the current camera viewpoint.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00523-00112796-00112979": "This isn't a complicated step to take", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00524-00112979-00113123": "and it's also the kind of thing you want", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00525-00113123-00113303": "to optimize based on your game design", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00526-00113303-00113503": "and the way the rendering works in your game.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00527-00113503-00113686": "For example, the strategy could be different", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00528-00113686-00113890": "if you had a wide variety of different sprites", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00529-00113890-00113997": "in your world,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00530-00113997-00114414": "or if some of your sprites were going to repeat many times.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00531-00114414-00114607": "So, in our case, we combine the implementation", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00532-00114607-00114801": "of this with another optimization,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00533-00114801-00114974": "which I'll come back to.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00534-00114974-00115228": "Now, another plugin we used is pixi-layers.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00535-00115228-00115388": "So, if you think about it in the game,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00536-00115388-00115548": "we had dynamically sorting based", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00537-00115548-00115782": "on the wide position of the objects,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00538-00115782-00116042": "as in what dynamically sorting the Zed index,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00539-00116042-00116232": "because the camera perspective is not bird's eye", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00540-00116232-00116346": "it has a tilt to it.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00541-00116439-00116663": "So, that means that I can actually walk behind", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00542-00116663-00116883": "the Lighthouse API or in front of it.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00543-00116883-00117147": "So, we need to constantly adjust the sorting of objects", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00544-00117147-00117287": "for that Zen index.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00545-00117287-00117544": "And normally in Pixi, when you change the Z value", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00546-00117544-00117644": "behind the scenes", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00547-00117644-00117897": "its actually reordering an array of elements.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00548-00117897-00118171": "So, the thing is, is that with pixie layout,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00549-00118171-00118341": "with this plugin, we actually don't need", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00550-00118341-00118481": "to do those array manipulations,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00551-00118481-00118658": "and it's more performant.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00552-00118658-00118908": "Now, another is cacheAsBitmap.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00553-00118908-00119145": "This is an option you can activate on a container", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00554-00119145-00119362": "to automatically cache all of the sprites beneath it", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00555-00119362-00119506": "into a single bitmap,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00556-00119506-00119692": "which can improve the performance of objects made", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00557-00119692-00119946": "from the combinations of sprites.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00558-00119946-00120136": "Our game characters are legally based", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00559-00120136-00120310": "and assembled from different textures.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00560-00120310-00120550": "So, we can cache all the textures of a single character", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00561-00120550-00120807": "into a bitmap to improve the rendering performance.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00562-00120920-00121107": "Next is Sprite Atlas Sorting.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00563-00121107-00121297": "We have multiple spreadsheets in the project", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00564-00121297-00121418": "and naturally it does a mixture of", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00565-00121418-00121561": "foreground-background elements", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00566-00121561-00121671": "that we split upon.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00567-00121671-00121851": "Asking the renderer to regularly switch", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00568-00121851-00122065": "between spreadsheets has an overhead.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00569-00122065-00122308": "So, having a spreadsheet for of the background images", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00570-00122308-00122512": "and one for all the foreground images,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00571-00122512-00122749": "and then another one for everything that's in between", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00572-00122749-00122906": "it's a very good idea.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00573-00122906-00123133": "Lastly is object pooling, which settles back", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00574-00123133-00123369": "to the client-side culling optimization I mentioned", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00575-00123369-00123470": "at the beginning.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00576-00123470-00123593": "As he's walk around", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00577-00123593-00123810": "and spites pop in and out of the viewport,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00578-00123810-00123983": "we don't want to destroy and create new objects", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00579-00123983-00124274": "in JavaScript as that can be expensive to save", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00580-00124274-00124571": "on the construction and destruction costs.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00581-00124571-00124707": "And lastly, well I don't know", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00582-00124707-00124898": "what the next optimization will be, actually.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00583-00124898-00125141": "We're still eight weeks out from the event as I mentioned.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00584-00125141-00125298": "So, there's probably going to be other stuff", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00585-00125298-00125438": "that we need to solve as we go,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00586-00125438-00125605": "we just don't know what they are yet.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00587-00125605-00125832": "So, what does the game look like so far?", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00588-00125832-00125942": "Well, here's just a glimpse", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00589-00125942-00126085": "of Adventure at the moment.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00590-00126085-00126289": "We've got humor and audience discovering", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00591-00126289-00126526": "all the content is coming together slowly,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00592-00126526-00126770": "but the best way to really discover it", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00593-00126770-00127036": "is to go and explore the Adventure yourself.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00594-00127036-00127280": "The game is playable on the web during the conference,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00595-00127280-00127540": "and we're keeping it going for an extra week afterwards.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00596-00127540-00127781": "But if you're going to be watching this video off to that,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00597-00127781-00127974": "you can download the source on GitHub", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00598-00127974-00128088": "and just run it locally.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00599-00128088-00128311": "So, now that you've joined me on this adventure", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00600-00128311-00128461": "and you've seen the power of what happens", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00601-00128461-00128705": "when you let games intersect with the web.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00602-00128705-00128938": "I'd like to give you an adventure of your own.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00603-00128938-00129249": "If you're a web developer or a game development or both,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00604-00129249-00129559": "I challenge you to think of what else can the web", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00605-00129559-00129759": "and game design unlock for us,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00606-00129759-00129909": "because I believe that the web", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00607-00129909-00130183": "is the best platform for experimentation,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00608-00130183-00130396": "for rapid deployment and prototyping.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00609-00130396-00130600": "And I think adventure really highlights", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00610-00130600-00130790": "what is so great about the web.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00611-00130790-00131010": "So honestly, don't be afraid to try experimenting", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00612-00131010-00131214": "in these crazy times we're living in", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00613-00131214-00131471": "because even if things don't go perfectly,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00614-00131471-00131661": "even if you make a mess", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00615-00131661-00131858": "you might create something fun along the way", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00616-00131858-00132025": "and that's what really counts.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00617-00132025-00132322": "Okay, so how can you get started on hacking in this area?", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00618-00132322-00132722": "Well, I want to give a quick shout out to ORYX Design Lab.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00619-00132722-00132832": "I use that spreadsheets", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00620-00132832-00133026": "for the original prototype and it saved me a lot", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00621-00133026-00133199": "of time, so definitely check them out.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00622-00133199-00133303": "And of course,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00623-00133303-00133456": "what did I build that original prototype with?", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00624-00133456-00133556": "I mentioned it earlier,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00625-00133556-00133760": "but it was Construct 3", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00626-00133760-00134073": "an amazing web-based game engine and NSF from Sierra,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00627-00134073-00134307": "and I highly recommend it for rapid prototyping", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00628-00134307-00134494": "it exports progressive web apps", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00629-00134494-00134644": "and mobile platforms like iPhone", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00630-00134644-00134868": "and Android as well through the Cordova library.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00631-00134868-00135078": "And if all goes according to plan,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00632-00135078-00135228": "then the game engine and the source code", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00633-00135228-00135432": "for the Adventure server and the client", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00634-00135432-00135742": "should now be available on GitHub at the link below.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00635-00135742-00135985": "If you want to, you can run the adventure experience", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00636-00135985-00136102": "locally on your machine,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00637-00136102-00136382": "and the map definition is included in the source as well.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00638-00136382-00136533": "But if you're curious about the tools", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00639-00136533-00136863": "we use to sculpt the game world and to organize the data,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00640-00136863-00137113": "we use the editing tools I developed many years ago", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00641-00137113-00137297": "when I worked on games independently,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00642-00137297-00137410": "it's called Game Kumo,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00643-00137410-00137604": "Kumo being the Japanese word for cloud.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00644-00137604-00137754": "So, game cloud, if you will.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00645-00137754-00137934": "It's a general paper's game editor", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00646-00137934-00138221": "that expos to a generic data description for games.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00647-00138384-00138515": "So, thanks so much.", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00648-00138515-00138675": "If you want to follow me on Twitter,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00649-00138675-00139012": "it's TCMG and I hope that I meet you", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00650-00139012-00139219": "in CDS adventure as well,", "fE-NSQ7eSJk-00651-00139219-00139349": "and then we run into each other."}}, {"audio_id": "fECwivCLmmy", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "fEIqEo48nuA", "text": {"fEIqEo48nuA-00000-00000034-00001727": "[Music]", "fEIqEo48nuA-00001-00001026-00002077": "speak sofly", "fEIqEo48nuA-00002-00001727-00002231": "we are not yet close to gorillas haha", "fEIqEo48nuA-00003-00002077-00002557": "we are ready to a gorilla trek", "fEIqEo48nuA-00004-00002231-00002743": "that after so long", "fEIqEo48nuA-00005-00002557-00003010": "looking for it and thinking that we can't", "fEIqEo48nuA-00006-00002743-00003344": "do it.  We hope to see many", "fEIqEo48nuA-00007-00003010-00003535": "gorillas, right? -  yes", "fEIqEo48nuA-00008-00003344-00003897": "we start trekking", "fEIqEo48nuA-00009-00003535-00004477": "look at the stick they give to one with a gorilla statue", "fEIqEo48nuA-00010-00003897-00004705": "We are with a couple of Swiss trekkers and", "fEIqEo48nuA-00011-00004477-00005127": "three guards", "fEIqEo48nuA-00012-00004705-00005512": "three rangers and one", "fEIqEo48nuA-00013-00005127-00005851": "to carry the lady's backpack (porter)", "fEIqEo48nuA-00014-00005512-00006057": "we are on our way and we put our capes", "fEIqEo48nuA-00015-00005851-00006383": "because it is raining a lot", "fEIqEo48nuA-00016-00006057-00006383": "we don't have it", "fEIqEo48nuA-00017-00006442-00006854": "moutain vegetation", "fEIqEo48nuA-00018-00006970-00007603": "there's more here...", "fEIqEo48nuA-00022-00011132-00011920": "look at pretty", "fEIqEo48nuA-00023-00011571-00012317": "animal", "fEIqEo48nuA-00024-00011920-00012565": "so wonderful!!! so worth it!!!", "fEIqEo48nuA-00025-00012317-00012565": "and I'm happy", "fEIqEo48nuA-00026-00013381-00013958": "a gorilla", "fEIqEo48nuA-00028-00014021-00014532": "another", "fEIqEo48nuA-00029-00014168-00014532": "on this planet", "fEIqEo48nuA-00030-00014685-00015579": "look at this animal.  this species  so", "fEIqEo48nuA-00031-00015131-00015579": "pretty - what we are seeing", "fEIqEo48nuA-00032-00015701-00016251": "here is Margaret", "fEIqEo48nuA-00033-00015997-00016493": "[Applause]", "fEIqEo48nuA-00034-00016251-00016898": "is the most  pretty thing", "fEIqEo48nuA-00035-00016493-00017356": "another one comes here", "fEIqEo48nuA-00036-00016898-00017573": "this is so worth paying for this", "fEIqEo48nuA-00037-00017356-00017793": "one of the most beautiful things i saw in my", "fEIqEo48nuA-00038-00017573-00018053": "life", "fEIqEo48nuA-00039-00017793-00018377": "another comes", "fEIqEo48nuA-00040-00018053-00018720": "in their habitat wow - we are in Africa", "fEIqEo48nuA-00041-00018377-00018720": "my god!!!", "fEIqEo48nuA-00042-00018837-00019253": "look at this gorilla", "fEIqEo48nuA-00044-00019759-00020123": "it's called silverback", "fEIqEo48nuA-00046-00020123-00020663": "look at Margaret so close to them!!!", "fEIqEo48nuA-00048-00022020-00022663": "look!!!", "fEIqEo48nuA-00049-00022202-00022663": "at they", "fEIqEo48nuA-00051-00025052-00026435": "Camilo come here...", "fEIqEo48nuA-00054-00026962-00029400": "I can't believe it", "fEIqEo48nuA-00057-00030039-00031356": "God...", "fEIqEo48nuA-00059-00031356-00032563": "there is a family of 15 gorillas", "fEIqEo48nuA-00061-00032632-00032978": "come now....", "fEIqEo48nuA-00063-00032978-00033310": "this the mom....", "fEIqEo48nuA-00064-00033463-00033829": "it is difficult because it is", "fEIqEo48nuA-00065-00033658-00034101": "raining and taking out the camera is a little", "fEIqEo48nuA-00066-00033829-00034101": "complicated", "fEIqEo48nuA-00067-00034128-00034996": "but I'm delighted", "fEIqEo48nuA-00069-00034996-00035873": "it's wonderful to see these creatures at 6 meters away", "fEIqEo48nuA-00070-00035399-00036166": "awesome", "fEIqEo48nuA-00071-00035873-00036166": "he is 26 years old", "fEIqEo48nuA-00072-00036312-00037021": "Africa is terrific friends!!!", "fEIqEo48nuA-00073-00036727-00037224": "Well, to see this, it's worth the", "fEIqEo48nuA-00074-00037021-00037224": "true", "fEIqEo48nuA-00076-00038383-00039011": "l we are so happy!!! we trekked for four hours in the jungle", "fEIqEo48nuA-00077-00038834-00039298": "in the rain!!!", "fEIqEo48nuA-00078-00039011-00039539": "yes, I am very happy because", "fEIqEo48nuA-00079-00039298-00039716": "this animal is the most beautiful in", "fEIqEo48nuA-00080-00039539-00040147": "on this planet. I saw them", "fEIqEo48nuA-00081-00039716-00040147": "and  have it so close", "fEIqEo48nuA-00082-00040156-00040642": "it is a once in a lifetime experience", "fEIqEo48nuA-00083-00040402-00040886": "I am really very grateful to the", "fEIqEo48nuA-00084-00040642-00041056": "universe for having this", "fEIqEo48nuA-00085-00040886-00041322": "opportunity", "fEIqEo48nuA-00086-00041056-00041658": "for real", "fEIqEo48nuA-00087-00041322-00042113": "look at the toy and see how they play here", "fEIqEo48nuA-00088-00041658-00042113": "with a cycle made of sticks", "fEIqEo48nuA-00089-00042238-00042921": "can you believe that beauty -  look!!!", "fEIqEo48nuA-00091-00043597-00044826": "[Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "fENlYSF4BH8", "text": {"fENlYSF4BH8-00000-00000000-00000200": "sub"}}, {"audio_id": "fF8Az-xmW9Q", "text": {"fF8Az-xmW9Q-00000-00000000-00000200": "Incredible European Inspired Chateau overlooking a golf course in Darien Ct"}}, {"audio_id": "fFiaVAsyIlu", "text": {"fFiaVAsyIlu-00000-00000090-00000322": "- One of the most important qualifiers", "fFiaVAsyIlu-00001-00000322-00000547": "for a mortgage is having good credit.", "fFiaVAsyIlu-00002-00000547-00000712": "If you pay your bills on time,", "fFiaVAsyIlu-00003-00000712-00000941": "haven't applied for too much credit recently,", "fFiaVAsyIlu-00004-00000941-00001089": "and you haven't had a bankruptcy", "fFiaVAsyIlu-00005-00001089-00001355": "or a foreclosure in the past three years,", "fFiaVAsyIlu-00006-00001355-00001565": "you probably have a good credit score.", "fFiaVAsyIlu-00007-00001565-00001741": "The better your credit score,", "fFiaVAsyIlu-00008-00001741-00002030": "the better the interest rate you will get on your loan.", "fFiaVAsyIlu-00009-00002030-00002290": "If your credit score needs a little bit of work,", "fFiaVAsyIlu-00010-00002290-00002488": "we can help you understand what you need to do", "fFiaVAsyIlu-00011-00002488-00002683": "to qualify for a home loan.", "fFiaVAsyIlu-00012-00002683-00002962": "If you're curious about qualifying for a mortgage,", "fFiaVAsyIlu-00013-00002962-00003267": "or if you are ready to start a mortgage application,", "fFiaVAsyIlu-00014-00003267-00003526": "give us a call at 702-499-6556.", "fFiaVAsyIlu-00015-00003808-00004139": "We are here to help you achieve your home ownership dreams."}}, {"audio_id": "fFqOgPLKb3M", "text": {"fFqOgPLKb3M-00000-00000000-00000200": "Government Work Is God Works"}}, {"audio_id": "fF-HhYmfq54", "text": {"fF-HhYmfq54-00000-00002242-00002512": "Q1. The graduation ceremony is coming up What do you do these days?", "fF-HhYmfq54-00001-00006845-00007570": "Q2. When you look back on your high school days, do you remember anything?", "fF-HhYmfq54-00002-00011890-00012408": "Q3. What was good about living as a high school student in Korea?", "fF-HhYmfq54-00003-00017334-00017770": "Q4. What was difficult about living as a high school student in Korea?", "fF-HhYmfq54-00004-00026800-00027388": "Q5.Recently, a soap opera about college entrance  called 'Sky Castle' has become a hit", "fF-HhYmfq54-00005-00027388-00028177": "What do you think about Korea's admission system?", "fF-HhYmfq54-00006-00037448-00038066": "Q6. What are you worried and afraid of when you're going to college or society?", "fF-HhYmfq54-00007-00044142-00044782": "Q7. You have friends who have been with you for a long time.", "fF-HhYmfq54-00008-00044782-00045328": "How do you feel to break up with them?", "fF-HhYmfq54-00009-00053552-00054734": "Q8. What do you want to tell high school freshmen and seniors?"}}, {"audio_id": "fFCmTMrA9kg", "text": {"fFCmTMrA9kg-00000-00000006-00000690": "What I'm going to do is I'm going to show what happens to an R-based lesson if you try to merge", "fFCmTMrA9kg-00001-00000690-00001572": "in a pull request that still contains all the Styles commits. Now, normally you would be", "fFCmTMrA9kg-00002-00001572-00002406": "able to synchronize your fork using this GitHub button, but um this branch has conflicts and must", "fFCmTMrA9kg-00003-00002406-00003072": "be resolved; and that's great because that means that you're unable to automatically do this. So", "fFCmTMrA9kg-00004-00003072-00003714": "what I've done is I've created a bad example Branch for me to make the pull request from", "fFCmTMrA9kg-00005-00003774-00004224": "so I'm going to go ahead and click this green button and compare and pull request", "fFCmTMrA9kg-00006-00004224-00004914": "and uh this bad example contains a lot of different files I actually didn't change anything", "fFCmTMrA9kg-00007-00004986-00005304": "um but now it's trying to bring in all the Styles commits", "fFCmTMrA9kg-00008-00005682-00006192": "I'm going to create my pull request and actually I'm going to create a draft pull request so that", "fFCmTMrA9kg-00009-00006192-00006786": "they're not notified so making the pull request and it's loading you can see again", "fFCmTMrA9kg-00010-00006786-00007908": "I have trying to merge 1673 commits um into that example and what's going to happen is uh", "fFCmTMrA9kg-00011-00008064-00008772": "um this fails the pull-reflight... the pull request pre-flight checks are running and", "fFCmTMrA9kg-00012-00008772-00009486": "that one failed and what's happened is now I have this. And it says \"do not merge this pull request", "fFCmTMrA9kg-00013-00009486-00010242": "because it has divergent history and contains an invalid commit.\" Now what does that mean? So", "fFCmTMrA9kg-00014-00010242-00010770": "what I'm going to do is I'm going to click on this and I'm going to go over to uh I'm going", "fFCmTMrA9kg-00015-00010770-00011256": "to go over to the to the commit the offending commit. And so here we're viewing this commit", "fFCmTMrA9kg-00016-00011316-00012036": "on my Fork and you can see that the commit hash is the same as we saw. The commit was", "fFCmTMrA9kg-00017-00012036-00012666": "created on January 27 2015 by Francois Michonneau and all it does is it is it", "fFCmTMrA9kg-00018-00012666-00013290": "adds a CSS folder that's all it's doing and the more interesting part is when we try to compare", "fFCmTMrA9kg-00019-00013290-00013830": "this commit with what we currently have in my Fork. So let's look at that right now", "fFCmTMrA9kg-00020-00013938-00014508": "uh when comparing changes I'm trying to see what happens like if I try to merge the main branch", "fFCmTMrA9kg-00021-00014508-00015276": "into this commit. I uh the main branch is uh 1600 commits ahead of this particular commit so that's", "fFCmTMrA9kg-00022-00015276-00015804": "all fine that means that this commit exists in the repository. Now, what I'm going to show", "fFCmTMrA9kg-00023-00015804-00016554": "you is what that same commit looks like in the DataCarpentry repository in the source repository", "fFCmTMrA9kg-00024-00016554-00017358": "it's a non-fork uh and it actually looks the same but the reason it looks the same is because", "fFCmTMrA9kg-00025-00017466-00018012": "it's on the legacy/main branch this is the branch that was locked during the transition", "fFCmTMrA9kg-00026-00018012-00018750": "so again it's the same exact commit same date same author same contents but now it's on the", "fFCmTMrA9kg-00027-00018750-00019362": "legacy/main branch and it's not you're not able to edit it but the interesting part is when you", "fFCmTMrA9kg-00028-00019362-00019998": "compare it to the main branch I'm going to show you that now when you compare it to the main", "fFCmTMrA9kg-00029-00019998-00020568": "branch on the DataCarpentry repository there isn't anything to compare because", "fFCmTMrA9kg-00030-00020670-00021390": "these have entirely different commit histories and this is why that pull request was rejected:", "fFCmTMrA9kg-00031-00021390-00022098": "if it contains this very old commit that doesn't exist at all then it will be rejected and this is", "fFCmTMrA9kg-00032-00022098-00022908": "how we protect the the lesson repositories from accidentally being reverted back to using styles"}}, {"audio_id": "fFb1Jx5LAEM", "text": {"fFb1Jx5LAEM-00000-00000686-00000892": "Hello, how are you guys doing", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00002-00001046-00001384": "Well i'm part this is actually really good, where did you guys get this", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00004-00001451-00001992": "It's my first one can. You tell i'm really really happy to finally, be here i've actually", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00005-00001992-00002502": "Wanted to start this channel for years, now i'm telling you it's been, about like i'm gonna", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00006-00002502-00002820": "Say, like, five years at least i've been thinking of starting a", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00007-00002821-00003018": "youtube channel i'm in psychology", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00008-00003018-00003360": "And i'm in counseling and i get a lot of questions from you guys so many", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00009-00003373-00003963": "Questions and now i have my wonderful team here to help, me out with that and i finally decided up", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00010-00004034-00004234": "Today will be the year?", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00011-00004255-00004455": "- today will be the day", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00012-00004571-00004771": "how, do i get people to like me", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00013-00004828-00005574": "Everyone, wants to be like, do you, like me yet i don't know, so there are three easy things that you can, implement today", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00014-00005687-00006174": "And instantly see results and instantly get people to like you number", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00015-00006257-00006898": "One so the first thing that you want to do when you first meet someone or even if it's someone that you've already", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00016-00006965-00007165": "Met and you already know", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00017-00007172-00007537": "When you're approaching them the first thing you, want to do is say something", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00018-00007537-00007977": "Along the lines of hey i only have a minute or two and then i do have to run", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00019-00008027-00008436": "But you have a second right now or is now a good time for you", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00020-00008542-00008947": "So in freezing the question in that way it's more of a two-part", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00021-00009047-00009391": "Statement if you will it gets other people to", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00022-00009413-00009484": "let their guard", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00023-00009484-00010020": "down because what people are prone to do most of the times especially when it comes to strangers is", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00024-00010064-00010804": "They, have their guard up people just automatically like if you approach them out of nowhere you know it's started they they're", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00025-00010804-00011158": "Had their mind goes crazy right the questions, who is this person how", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00026-00011158-00011293": "Long are they, gonna stay, what do they", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00027-00011293-00012024": "Want so by addressing that right off the bat as soon as you approach someone you take all that out and", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00028-00012053-00012253": "You get the person to", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00029-00012296-00012834": "Say, yes to you the more you get someone to say, yes to you, the more they, like you so", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00030-00012896-00013524": "As soon as the you know, say yes they, agree to give you a moment of their time, whatever the case", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00031-00013525-00013780": "May be you're already, well on your way?", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00032-00013870-00014436": "To being liked i feel like, you tape it so much that eventually, you're just kind of like me", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00033-00014669-00014869": "It's all good", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00034-00015344-00015917": "And i'm sorry i've been holding this for so long, my, arms are getting, my, arms are getting tired, guys i'm just gonna drop this", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00035-00016041-00016445": "Okay, so the second tip is to, ask them about themselves", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00036-00016516-00017225": "What people like talking about themselves yes they do so, ask them about themselves or, ask them", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00037-00017226-00017688": "About their thoughts, about something what they think or how. They feel about a particular thing", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00038-00017755-00018252": "One of the questions that i like to ask especially for people that, both people that i just met or?", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00039-00018301-00018501": "friends or people that i already know so", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00040-00018556-00018998": "What challenges have you had to go through this week at work or what challenges have", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00041-00018998-00019433": "You, had to go through this week at school or what challenges have, you had to go through", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00042-00019555-00019755": "This, week with", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00043-00019756-00020439": "You know with the husband or the wife whatever the case, may be i like, asking those questions, why", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00044-00020451-00020750": "Because the answer is you everyone has", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00045-00020764-00020863": "challenges so", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00046-00020863-00020931": "They'll usually!", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00047-00020931-00021519": "Give you a very genuine answer and it does a lot of things at once it makes them feel like you care and you're", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00048-00021544-00021977": "Interested in their life and the more that they talk in answering that question", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00049-00022104-00022745": "The more they, like you right so the more that they talk the more people talk the more they, feel like", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00050-00022840-00023454": "They, like you and the more they, feel, like, they, walked, away from that conversation, and that conversation", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00051-00023457-00023578": "Was a great conversation", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00052-00023578-00024182": "You might have only sent like one or two words and they were talking the whole time but once that conversation is over?", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00053-00024235-00024611": "They, feel, like, they just had one of the greatest conversations", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00054-00024673-00025100": "Ever a little bit too much energy, today hmm", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00055-00025128-00025647": "Yeah, tip number three so body language guys, please please", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00056-00025762-00025962": "Do not do any of these things", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00057-00026044-00026630": "Without, enforcing the right body language to go, along with it number one smile", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00058-00026710-00027110": "Smile is universal people like, other people that smile", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00059-00027169-00027653": "It's inviting it's warm it's open. So you, want to make sure to smile now", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00060-00027653-00027890": "You, don't want to look, crazy, like you, don't want to walk around like", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00061-00027964-00028307": "The, whole time but you definitely, want to i smile", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00062-00028499-00029160": "Up is good anything up is good right now that sounds a little bit, weird so let me go ahead and just briefly explain", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00063-00029161-00029361": "What i mean, by that for example", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00064-00029377-00030057": "Raise, your eyebrows that shows interest right so for example with us what you know", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00065-00030058-00030258": "What, was the most challenging part of your week?", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00066-00030322-00030759": "You know as it pertains to work or what was your what, was the most challenging part of?", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00067-00030844-00031299": "your week at work and they say something like, well i", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00068-00031363-00031809": "Had to eat raw meat that", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00069-00031912-00032250": "Belonged to a cow, that i had to kill myself", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00070-00032792-00033213": "That would be a. Good time that kind of raise your eyebrows. A little bit like this", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00071-00033323-00033558": "Wow, tell me a little bit more about that", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00072-00033638-00034188": "Smile you know a smile is up you don't, want to be frowning anything down it's no good you", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00073-00034188-00034566": "Don't want to squeak to your eyebrows, because it kind of just gives up the gift", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00074-00034566-00034908": "Gives the other person the sense that you're stressed out or you're not in a", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00075-00034909-00035235": "Good, mood it's just not good for anybody so don't do that", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00076-00035375-00035673": "And finally another final tip that i can, give you they're", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00077-00035674-00036172": "So, many but we'll keep it we'll keep it constrained right so the final tip that i can, give you", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00078-00036172-00036636": "Guys, is when you're talking to someone you, want to like show. Your palm as much as possible", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00079-00036691-00037044": "Oh, my, gosh yes you, want to show. Your palm as much as possible", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00080-00037127-00037690": "So the more you show. Your palm and the more your hands are out like so", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00081-00037751-00038001": "The more people trust you because it's just", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00082-00038057-00038709": "it just gives them a sense of you being open and you being receptive to what they have to say and", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00083-00038855-00039280": "Non-judgmental so you, want to show. Your palm as much as possible", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00084-00039365-00039619": "You, also don't want to like, step up someone with", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00085-00039619-00039685": "Your full body", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00086-00039685-00040270": "And just kind of stand there because it makes them feel trapped and guarded this is just the bonus extra for you", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00087-00040270-00040570": "guys, but it makes them feel guarded, and", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00088-00040628-00041133": "Trapped in an angle a little bit right so you, don't want to be like right in front of them with", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00089-00041134-00041653": "Your full body, but you, want to be a little bit of an angle so they don't feel trapped and subconsciously", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00090-00041653-00042417": "That just calms people down now, this claimer this, these, tips are not a replacement for you being authentic", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00091-00042418-00042732": "And being yourself you always have to do that", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00092-00042821-00042941": "Every, day", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00093-00042941-00043548": "All the time you just have to be authentic and you have to be yourself because people can, tell right but what these tips", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00094-00043549-00044260": "Do for the most part is these tips will help whoever it is that you're interacting with", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00095-00044297-00044566": "feel more comfortable with you and", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00096-00044621-00045100": "Like, you, more just because of the perception that you're putting out there", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00097-00045533-00045975": "So these tips will definitely help you out and not only that you can implement them", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00098-00046144-00046327": "like that", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00099-00046327-00046593": "And they start working immediately might feel", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00100-00046593-00046713": "Weird at first when", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00101-00046713-00047304": "You're, trying to you know get everything done but for the most part if you, keep doing it you", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00102-00047304-00047514": "Keep practicing it will come off", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00103-00047572-00048210": "So naturally and you will be so happy with the results and you can get", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00105-00048334-00048534": "Instant results as, well so", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00106-00048577-00049173": "Um thanks guys thanks for hanging out with, me and spending. Your time with, me for these couple of minutes", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00108-00049249-00049671": "please leave your comments, below, subscribe to our channel", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00110-00049736-00050205": "So anything that has to deal with human, dynamics and life tips", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00111-00050205-00050448": "You will find not here so anything that makes", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00112-00050448-00051111": "Your, life better and anything that pertains to human, dynamics just leave your comments, subscribe let us know, how", "fFb1Jx5LAEM-00114-00051196-00051705": "Everything, tell, me what you think is there any questions that you have thank you bye bye"}}, {"audio_id": "fGkj43ofWLE", "text": {"fGkj43ofWLE-00000-00000010-00000220": "THEY FALL IN THE TRIANGULARS TO", "fGkj43ofWLE-00001-00000220-00000226": "THEY FALL IN THE TRIANGULARS TO", "fGkj43ofWLE-00002-00000226-00000490": "THEY FALL IN THE TRIANGULARS TO  THIEF RIVER FALLS.", "fGkj43ofWLE-00003-00000490-00000497": "THEY FALL IN THE TRIANGULARS TO  THIEF RIVER FALLS.", "fGkj43ofWLE-00004-00000497-00000747": "THEY FALL IN THE TRIANGULARS TO  THIEF RIVER FALLS. AFTER A 27 AND 4 SEASON LAST", "fGkj43ofWLE-00005-00000747-00000754": "THIEF RIVER FALLS. AFTER A 27 AND 4 SEASON LAST", "fGkj43ofWLE-00006-00000754-00000814": "THIEF RIVER FALLS. AFTER A 27 AND 4 SEASON LAST YEAR, THE RED LAKE WARRIORS", "fGkj43ofWLE-00007-00000814-00000820": "AFTER A 27 AND 4 SEASON LAST YEAR, THE RED LAKE WARRIORS", "fGkj43ofWLE-00008-00000820-00000890": "AFTER A 27 AND 4 SEASON LAST YEAR, THE RED LAKE WARRIORS GIRLS BASKETBALL TEAM IS PICKING", "fGkj43ofWLE-00009-00000890-00000897": "YEAR, THE RED LAKE WARRIORS GIRLS BASKETBALL TEAM IS PICKING", "fGkj43ofWLE-00010-00000897-00001067": "YEAR, THE RED LAKE WARRIORS GIRLS BASKETBALL TEAM IS PICKING UP RIGHT WHERE THEY LEFT", "fGkj43ofWLE-00011-00001067-00001074": "GIRLS BASKETBALL TEAM IS PICKING UP RIGHT WHERE THEY LEFT", "fGkj43ofWLE-00012-00001074-00001134": "GIRLS BASKETBALL TEAM IS PICKING UP RIGHT WHERE THEY LEFT OFF, DEFEATING NEVIS BY 78", "fGkj43ofWLE-00013-00001134-00001141": "UP RIGHT WHERE THEY LEFT OFF, DEFEATING NEVIS BY 78", "fGkj43ofWLE-00014-00001141-00001214": "UP RIGHT WHERE THEY LEFT OFF, DEFEATING NEVIS BY 78  POINTS IN THEIR SEASON OPENER", "fGkj43ofWLE-00015-00001214-00001221": "OFF, DEFEATING NEVIS BY 78  POINTS IN THEIR SEASON OPENER", "fGkj43ofWLE-00016-00001221-00001491": "OFF, DEFEATING NEVIS BY 78  POINTS IN THEIR SEASON OPENER YESTERDAY.", "fGkj43ofWLE-00017-00001491-00001498": "POINTS IN THEIR SEASON OPENER YESTERDAY.", "fGkj43ofWLE-00018-00001498-00001885": "POINTS IN THEIR SEASON OPENER YESTERDAY. TAKING ON WALKER HACKENSACK", "fGkj43ofWLE-00019-00001885-00001891": "YESTERDAY. TAKING ON WALKER HACKENSACK", "fGkj43ofWLE-00020-00001891-00002258": "YESTERDAY. TAKING ON WALKER HACKENSACK  AKELEY TONIGHT, THE 700TH WIN ON", "fGkj43ofWLE-00021-00002258-00002265": "TAKING ON WALKER HACKENSACK  AKELEY TONIGHT, THE 700TH WIN ON", "fGkj43ofWLE-00022-00002265-00002565": "TAKING ON WALKER HACKENSACK  AKELEY TONIGHT, THE 700TH WIN ON TUESDAY FOR THE COACH, MEGAN E", "fGkj43ofWLE-00023-00002565-00002572": "AKELEY TONIGHT, THE 700TH WIN ON TUESDAY FOR THE COACH, MEGAN E", "fGkj43ofWLE-00024-00002572-00002979": "AKELEY TONIGHT, THE 700TH WIN ON TUESDAY FOR THE COACH, MEGAN E  BENJAMIN NICE REVERSE, 8-3 LEAD.", "fGkj43ofWLE-00025-00002979-00002986": "TUESDAY FOR THE COACH, MEGAN E  BENJAMIN NICE REVERSE, 8-3 LEAD.", "fGkj43ofWLE-00026-00002986-00003296": "TUESDAY FOR THE COACH, MEGAN E  BENJAMIN NICE REVERSE, 8-3 LEAD. DAISY NELSON HITS THE SPOT, CAPS", "fGkj43ofWLE-00027-00003296-00003303": "BENJAMIN NICE REVERSE, 8-3 LEAD. DAISY NELSON HITS THE SPOT, CAPS", "fGkj43ofWLE-00028-00003303-00003470": "BENJAMIN NICE REVERSE, 8-3 LEAD. DAISY NELSON HITS THE SPOT, CAPS OFF 12-0 RUN.", "fGkj43ofWLE-00029-00003470-00003476": "DAISY NELSON HITS THE SPOT, CAPS OFF 12-0 RUN.", "fGkj43ofWLE-00030-00003476-00003656": "DAISY NELSON HITS THE SPOT, CAPS OFF 12-0 RUN. BEFORE THE HALF, McCLAINE, THE", "fGkj43ofWLE-00031-00003656-00003663": "OFF 12-0 RUN. BEFORE THE HALF, McCLAINE, THE", "fGkj43ofWLE-00032-00003663-00003897": "OFF 12-0 RUN. BEFORE THE HALF, McCLAINE, THE  TOP OF THE KEY, HITS THE 3.", "fGkj43ofWLE-00033-00003897-00003903": "BEFORE THE HALF, McCLAINE, THE  TOP OF THE KEY, HITS THE 3.", "fGkj43ofWLE-00034-00003903-00004067": "BEFORE THE HALF, McCLAINE, THE  TOP OF THE KEY, HITS THE 3. WOLVES TAKE A 2 POINT LEAD INTO", "fGkj43ofWLE-00035-00004067-00004074": "TOP OF THE KEY, HITS THE 3. WOLVES TAKE A 2 POINT LEAD INTO", "fGkj43ofWLE-00036-00004074-00004104": "TOP OF THE KEY, HITS THE 3. WOLVES TAKE A 2 POINT LEAD INTO  HALFTIME.", "fGkj43ofWLE-00037-00004104-00004110": "WOLVES TAKE A 2 POINT LEAD INTO  HALFTIME.", "fGkj43ofWLE-00038-00004110-00004207": "WOLVES TAKE A 2 POINT LEAD INTO  HALFTIME. BUT RED LAKE GOES OUT ON A RUN", "fGkj43ofWLE-00039-00004207-00004214": "HALFTIME. BUT RED LAKE GOES OUT ON A RUN", "fGkj43ofWLE-00040-00004214-00004247": "HALFTIME. BUT RED LAKE GOES OUT ON A RUN  IN THE SECOND HALF."}}, {"audio_id": "fGRG9Y0UUVU", "text": {"fGRG9Y0UUVU-00000-00000153-00000473": "What are blocks?", "fGRG9Y0UUVU-00001-00000473-00000783": "As a teacher you can add blocks to the side of your main learning", "fGRG9Y0UUVU-00002-00000783-00000944": "area.", "fGRG9Y0UUVU-00003-00000944-00001428": "In this course using the standard Boost theme the blocks are on the right.", "fGRG9Y0UUVU-00004-00001428-00001807": "In this course with the different standard theme, Classic", "fGRG9Y0UUVU-00005-00001807-00002367": "there are blocks on both sides and note that this course does not have the nav drawer.", "fGRG9Y0UUVU-00006-00002367-00003037": "Check with your admin if your course has a theme different from the two here.", "fGRG9Y0UUVU-00007-00003037-00003347": "Blocks are elements which add extra information or learning", "fGRG9Y0UUVU-00008-00003347-00003617": "content to your course.", "fGRG9Y0UUVU-00009-00003617-00004464": "On a small screen blocks will move down underneath the course sections as here.", "fGRG9Y0UUVU-00010-00004464-00004910": "In our teacher, Sam's new course, there are no blocks at the moment but she can", "fGRG9Y0UUVU-00011-00004910-00005328": "add blocks by turning on the editing and then clicking the", "fGRG9Y0UUVU-00012-00005328-00005610": "add block link in the nav drawer.", "fGRG9Y0UUVU-00013-00005610-00006017": "Here she can choose useful blocks to add to her course.", "fGRG9Y0UUVU-00014-00006017-00006622": "Once added, blocks may be hidden or deleted from the gear menu.", "fGRG9Y0UUVU-00015-00006622-00006993": "They may also be moved around with the crosshairs icon", "fGRG9Y0UUVU-00016-00006993-00007250": "by clicking and holding the crosshairs icon and", "fGRG9Y0UUVU-00017-00007250-00007811": "selecting a location to move them to or by simply dragging and dropping.", "fGRG9Y0UUVU-00018-00007811-00008445": "Here for example Sam is moving the Latest badges block underneath the online users block."}}, {"audio_id": "fH6w0feGinA", "text": {"fH6w0feGinA-00000-00001105-00001511": "I am proud to cut the ribbon to reopen this amazing building", "fH6w0feGinA-00001-00001511-00001818": "after a one-year renovation period.", "fH6w0feGinA-00002-00001818-00002138": "I would like to acknowledge all of those who worked so hard", "fH6w0feGinA-00003-00002138-00002613": "on this beautiful restoration of Palazzo Canevaro. The United States is", "fH6w0feGinA-00004-00002613-00002923": "honored to have such a beautiful and historic", "fH6w0feGinA-00005-00002923-00003465": "building in Florence to house its consulate. It is Florence,", "fH6w0feGinA-00006-00003465-00003596": "after all.", "fH6w0feGinA-00007-00005351-00006071": "(I'm very happy to inaugurate the works of the renovation of the U.S. Consulate)", "fH6w0feGinA-00008-00006074-00006617": "(The Canevaro building was constructed in 1860)", "fH6w0feGinA-00009-00006720-00007144": "(It represents one of the most ancient and, without a doubt,)", "fH6w0feGinA-00010-00007144-00007598": "(one of the most beautiful buildings of the State Department.)"}}, {"audio_id": "fHvj0sqmbEY", "text": {"fHvj0sqmbEY-00000-00000099-00000505": "- Nervous system, part three.", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00001-00000508-00001097": "We're coming at you with more of exactly the same concepts,", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00002-00001099-00001510": "only we're going to fill in a few more details.", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00003-00001512-00001805": "So in the last lecture we talked about the brain,", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00004-00001808-00002097": "which is part of the central nervous system,", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00005-00002099-00002372": "and we talked about different parts of the brain", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00006-00002375-00003097": "and their primary integration or processing responsibilities.", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00007-00003099-00003497": "Today, we're going to look at pathways", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00008-00003499-00003839": "that information travels, and we know--", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00009-00003841-00004397": "you know because you guys are smarty-smarts--we know that", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00010-00004400-00004831": "information comes into the central nervous system", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00011-00004833-00005497": "via afferent pathways, and these afferent pathways", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00012-00005500-00005901": "have sensory receptors on the dendrites", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00013-00005904-00006218": "that receive some sort of stimulus,", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00014-00006220-00006597": "send the message to the central nervous system--wow,", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00015-00006599-00007089": "my central nervous system, my spinal cord, is really skinny.", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00016-00007091-00007205": "It's going to be rather difficult", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00017-00007208-00007697": "to fit my processes in here.", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00018-00007699-00007968": "We know that the sensory information is going to come in.", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00019-00007970-00008339": "We know that the sensory information has two flavors.", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00020-00008341-00008593": "What are my flavors?", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00021-00008595-00008997": "We could have somatic sensory, that's sensory information", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00022-00008999-00009439": "that we're aware of, we can have visceral sensory,", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00023-00009441-00009797": "and this is sensory information that you're not conscience of,", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00024-00009799-00009997": "like the pH of your blood.", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00025-00009999-00010322": "You have sensors in your blood vessels that are monitoring", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00026-00010325-00010705": "the pH of your blood, and you aren't even aware", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00027-00010708-00010897": "that that's happening.", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00028-00010899-00011293": "So this sensory information has to follow--it comes in", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00029-00011295-00011864": "through an axon and has to somehow hit a cell body", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00030-00011866-00012297": "and travel to the central nervous system.", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00031-00012299-00012497": "Once it gets to the central nervous system,", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00032-00012499-00012905": "we have a whole set of neurons--", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00033-00012908-00013193": "okay, look at this tiny little neuron.", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00034-00013195-00013564": "Let's just send this information to the brain.", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00035-00013566-00013685": "These are interneurons.", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00036-00013687-00013818": "These are neurons that are actually in", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00037-00013820-00014056": "the central nervous system.", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00038-00014058-00014351": "And then we might bounce that information around", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00039-00014354-00014497": "in the central nervous system.", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00040-00014499-00014910": "I'm just going to pass on through this just because--", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00041-00014912-00015472": "why did I make this so skinny? Nobody knows.", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00042-00015475-00015735": "The central nervous system is going to decide,", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00043-00015737-00015918": "based on the sensory information that came in,", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00044-00015920-00016256": "it's going to decide on a course of action,", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00045-00016258-00016718": "then it's going to send the message out to an effector,", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00046-00016720-00017093": "and we can have any number of flavors of effectors.", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00047-00017095-00017497": "What kind of motor neuron did I just draw?", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00048-00017499-00017697": "You know this is a somatic motor neuron.", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00049-00017700-00017922": "How did you know that?", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00050-00017925-00018097": "Because it's innervating skeletal muscle,", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00051-00018099-00018376": "because I just drew that beautiful skeletal muscle.", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00052-00018379-00018493": "We have other flavors.", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00053-00018495-00018847": "We could have visceral motor pathways and,", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00054-00018850-00019410": "in fact, our next lecture is all about visceral motor pathways.", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00055-00019412-00019735": "This one, we're going to look at,", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00056-00019737-00019997": "what are these pathways we speak of?", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00057-00019999-00020397": "What is--what--what is it?", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00058-00020399-00020681": "First of all, can you imagine sending all these guys out?", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00059-00020683-00020964": "Like, we've got all the sensory information--", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00060-00020966-00021126": "like, think about your skin.", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00061-00021129-00021601": "Every place on your skin actually can pick up information", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00062-00021604-00021993": "which means there is a sensory structure", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00063-00021995-00022322": "in every bit of your skin that feels something, and so,", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00064-00022325-00022501": "that sensory information,", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00065-00022504-00022705": "there's a neuron coming from there.", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00066-00022708-00022997": "Really? How crazy is that?", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00067-00023000-00023405": "If those neurons all traveled by themselves,", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00068-00023408-00024064": "if the axons and the dendrites traveled on their own,", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00069-00024066-00024397": "can you imagine that, like, you would be nothing", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00070-00024399-00024626": "but little fibers.", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00071-00024629-00024793": "It's not very efficient.", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00072-00024795-00025018": "Probably pretty dangerous, like, damage could probably", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00073-00025020-00025197": "happen pretty easily.", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00074-00025199-00025497": "So, let's all follow the same highway,", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00075-00025499-00025664": "and that's what a nerve is.", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00076-00025666-00025797": "It's a bundle.", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00077-00025799-00026297": "It's a bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00078-00026300-00026747": "that are all traveling the same direction.", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00079-00026750-00027097": "I say the same direction. Don't be confused by that.", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00080-00027099-00027447": "They're all traveling in the same location.", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00081-00027450-00027697": "Information in one of these pathways", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00082-00027700-00028197": "can travel both directions which means we could actually have", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00083-00028200-00028697": "a motor neuron send information--", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00084-00028699-00029397": "okay, ready for this? Out through that same nerve pathway.", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00085-00029399-00029605": "What? True story.", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00086-00029608-00029897": "So our nerves are combinations of all the different", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00087-00029899-00030272": "flavors of neurons,", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00088-00030275-00030597": "all the different flavors of their axons.", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00089-00030599-00031281": "Do you get the concept that our nerves are going to be highways,", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00090-00031283-00031597": "through which all these axons pass,", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00091-00031599-00031831": "allowing information to go in and out?", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00092-00031833-00032097": "By the time we finish this lecture,", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00093-00032099-00032597": "hopefully that concept is crystal clear in your brain.", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00094-00032599-00032997": "Nerves are anatomical pathways for information to travel,", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00095-00032999-00033218": "and we might as well group things together", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00096-00033220-00033443": "to keep it efficient and clean,", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00097-00033445-00033714": "even though you may wonder like, dude, is that considered", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00098-00033716-00033847": "efficient and clean?", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00099-00033850-00034151": "Yes, it works.", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00100-00034154-00034605": "Before we dive into identifying and talking about", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00101-00034608-00035114": "specific nerves, we're going to look at a reflex pathway.", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00102-00035116-00035497": "We're going to map a pathway so that you, again, can visualize,", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00103-00035499-00035931": "okay, I can see how a nerve can carry", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00104-00035933-00036256": "different kinds of information, can be a path, can be a highway,", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00105-00036258-00036439": "for different kinds of information,", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00106-00036441-00036789": "and the first reflex that we're going to look at", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00107-00036791-00036951": "is the patellar reflex.", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00108-00036954-00037264": "We already know all the anatomy of that, so let's look at", "fHvj0sqmbEY-00109-00037266-00037608": "how the patellar reflex works and build from there."}}, {"audio_id": "fHDkphx0QUE", "text": {"fHDkphx0QUE-00000-00000456-00000639": "Hi, my name is Romana Backova and I", "fHDkphx0QUE-00001-00000639-00001024": "recently graduated from Prague College in a Bachelor's program called", "fHDkphx0QUE-00002-00001024-00001392": "International Business Management  and Iwould like to talk", "fHDkphx0QUE-00003-00001392-00001832": "about my dissertation. So, for my topic I decided to investigate", "fHDkphx0QUE-00004-00001832-00002232": "the behavioural impact of multinationals, on host country employees here in the", "fHDkphx0QUE-00005-00002232-00002551": "Czech Republic. The reason why i chose this project", "fHDkphx0QUE-00006-00002551-00003048": "is because nowadays, the work environment as well as,", "fHDkphx0QUE-00007-00003048-00003607": "in general, culture, is getting more diverse and I think it impacts not only", "fHDkphx0QUE-00008-00003607-00003928": "the employees working in the organisations", "fHDkphx0QUE-00009-00003928-00004392": "but also the organisations themselves,  and for this reason I decided", "fHDkphx0QUE-00010-00004392-00004832": "to investigate the effects that organisational", "fHDkphx0QUE-00011-00004832-00005192": "culture has on host country employees. So for my", "fHDkphx0QUE-00012-00005192-00005623": "methodology, I chose a pragmatic approach,", "fHDkphx0QUE-00013-00005623-00006032": "because I want to look at things both objectively and subjectively", "fHDkphx0QUE-00014-00006032-00006250": "and use different methods and strategies such as", "fHDkphx0QUE-00015-00006250-00006500": "survey strategy and the grounded theory.", "fHDkphx0QUE-00016-00006600-00007279": "When it comes to some of the issues that I encountered, I think the main issue was that I was", "fHDkphx0QUE-00017-00007279-00007631": "creating this dissertation and project during the", "fHDkphx0QUE-00018-00007631-00007959": "global pandemic and therefore I couldn't carry out the", "fHDkphx0QUE-00019-00007959-00008479": "interviews or questionnaires in person, it all had to be online. But, however I", "fHDkphx0QUE-00020-00008479-00008943": "think that even though this issue occurred,", "fHDkphx0QUE-00021-00008943-00009375": "the project is still of value and there were some pretty interesting findings.", "fHDkphx0QUE-00022-00009375-00009800": "So, what I found out from my dissertation is that", "fHDkphx0QUE-00023-00009800-00010168": "the organisational culture is highly dependent on the", "fHDkphx0QUE-00024-00010168-00010864": "cultural strategy choice and this strategy choice influences the", "fHDkphx0QUE-00025-00010864-00011328": "extent to which employees are satisfied in the company", "fHDkphx0QUE-00026-00011328-00011768": "and to what extent they buy into organisational culture.", "fHDkphx0QUE-00027-00011768-00012104": "When it comes to the cultural strategy choice,", "fHDkphx0QUE-00028-00012104-00012752": "more than 44 % of respondents think that", "fHDkphx0QUE-00029-00012752-00013103": "a divergence strategy is the most suitable one,", "fHDkphx0QUE-00030-00013103-00013504": "because it is able to fit their individual needs the best,", "fHDkphx0QUE-00031-00013504-00013912": "as opposed to, for example convergent strategy.", "fHDkphx0QUE-00032-00013912-00014500": "However, I think that, despite some of the respondents,", "fHDkphx0QUE-00033-00014500-00015269": "were able to be satisfied in their jobs and buy into the organisational culture.", "fHDkphx0QUE-00034-00015300-00016176": "44 % of all employees encountered some sort of cross-cultural communication issues", "fHDkphx0QUE-00035-00016176-00016520": "during the time in their company and I think that", "fHDkphx0QUE-00036-00016520-00017000": "this project has potential in terms of further investigation", "fHDkphx0QUE-00037-00017000-00017472": "and, it could, which could be then beneficial for its stakeholders", "fHDkphx0QUE-00038-00017472-00017848": "not only the organisations themselves by", "fHDkphx0QUE-00039-00017848-00018272": "increasing employee satisfaction and therefore decreasing employee turnover", "fHDkphx0QUE-00040-00018272-00018736": "and reducing their costs. But also the employees themselves", "fHDkphx0QUE-00041-00018736-00019184": "so that they can work in an environment that provides organisational culture", "fHDkphx0QUE-00042-00019184-00019640": "that better fits their needs and beliefs.", "fHDkphx0QUE-00043-00019640-00020048": "That is everything that I wanted to say about my Bachelor's project,", "fHDkphx0QUE-00044-00020048-00020912": "Thank you."}}, {"audio_id": "fHDWNefYGHY", "text": {"fHDWNefYGHY-00000-00001144-00001392": "Item #: SCP-1027", "fHDWNefYGHY-00001-00001520-00001648": "Object Class: Euclid", "fHDWNefYGHY-00002-00001760-00002544": "Special Containment Procedures: SCP-1027 is to be housed in a standard liquid containment tank,", "fHDWNefYGHY-00003-00002544-00003320": "immersed in a saline solution. Personnel are to avoid direct physical contact with SCP-1027", "fHDWNefYGHY-00004-00003320-00004047": "with the exception of feeding staff. SCP-1027 is to be given one (1) fresh bovine brain per week.", "fHDWNefYGHY-00005-00004168-00004768": "All staff involved in feeding of SCP-1027 are to wear Level-4 bio-protective equipment.", "fHDWNefYGHY-00006-00004864-00005464": "In event of exposure to SCP-1027, affected personnel are to be immediately treated as", "fHDWNefYGHY-00007-00005464-00005976": "instances of SCP-1027 and subjected to standard containment protocols.", "fHDWNefYGHY-00008-00006112-00006880": "Description: SCP-1027 closely resembles the central nervous system of a human (Homo sapiens)", "fHDWNefYGHY-00009-00006880-00007431": "that has adapted to life outside the human body. Specimens currently in the possession of", "fHDWNefYGHY-00010-00007431-00008048": "the Foundation measure from 1.1 meters (measured from the apex of the cerebrum to the base of the", "fHDWNefYGHY-00011-00008048-00008768": "sciatic nerve) to 1.5 meters. Attached are the basic sensory structures associated with human", "fHDWNefYGHY-00012-00008768-00009576": "functioning, including sensory nerve structures, eyes, and cochlea. SCP-1027 appears to be able", "fHDWNefYGHY-00013-00009576-00010152": "to interpret signals from these systems in the same way as a human subject. However,", "fHDWNefYGHY-00014-00010152-00010672": "all neural structures within SCP-1027 are capable of movement to varying extents.", "fHDWNefYGHY-00015-00010792-00011392": "This movement is most noticeable while SCP-1027 is immersed in a liquid medium.", "fHDWNefYGHY-00016-00011392-00011848": "Neural composition in SCP-1027 appears similar to that of a human,", "fHDWNefYGHY-00017-00011848-00012560": "with the exception of the neuroglia. The myelin sheathing covering the cells of SCP-1027", "fHDWNefYGHY-00018-00012560-00012984": "is approximately 300% the thickness of that found in a healthy adult human.", "fHDWNefYGHY-00019-00013112-00013776": "In addition to this, glial coatings on neurons of SCP-1027 have been found to extend the full", "fHDWNefYGHY-00020-00013776-00014247": "length of the cells, and are apparently permeable to neurotransmitter compounds.", "fHDWNefYGHY-00021-00014391-00014991": "As a result, SCP-1027 is capable of supporting itself outside the environment of a living body,", "fHDWNefYGHY-00022-00015056-00015384": "although it is most comfortable in a somewhat saline water solution.", "fHDWNefYGHY-00023-00015528-00015991": "SCP-1027 seems to feed primarily on the neurotransmitters found within", "fHDWNefYGHY-00024-00015991-00016576": "mammalian brain tissue. Consumption takes place by a process similar to osmosis,", "fHDWNefYGHY-00025-00016576-00017040": "in which the neuroglia of SCP-1027 extract and absorb certain compounds.", "fHDWNefYGHY-00026-00017176-00017472": "The exact process through which this is accomplished is unknown.", "fHDWNefYGHY-00027-00017576-00018312": "Regular feedings render SCP-1027 much more docile, reducing the risk of exposure. However,", "fHDWNefYGHY-00028-00018312-00018768": "it seems that SCP-1027 is capable of survival for extended periods without feeding,", "fHDWNefYGHY-00029-00018840-00019272": "and it is not known at this time whether there is actually a biological need for these chemicals.", "fHDWNefYGHY-00030-00019416-00019992": "When presented with live prey, SCP-1027 will apparently merge with its nervous system,", "fHDWNefYGHY-00031-00019992-00020608": "draining neurotransmitter agents over time, leading ultimately to death. However,", "fHDWNefYGHY-00032-00020608-00021200": "when exposed to a living or recently deceased (less than 12 hours prior to exposure) human,", "fHDWNefYGHY-00033-00021200-00021600": "SCP-1027 will instead infiltrate the brain through the auditory canal.", "fHDWNefYGHY-00034-00021736-00022280": "Upon breaching the meningeal membranes, the neural ganglia of SCP-1027 will", "fHDWNefYGHY-00035-00022280-00022736": "release a high dose of an apparently modified dopamine compound directly into the brain,", "fHDWNefYGHY-00036-00022800-00023232": "in addition to an electrical impulse measured at approximately 150 millivolts.", "fHDWNefYGHY-00037-00023344-00024160": "This combination has been shown to initiate basic brain activity in 9█% of cases. The nervous system", "fHDWNefYGHY-00038-00024160-00024880": "of the subject will begin to modify itself into a new instance of SCP-1027. The neuroglia thicken,", "fHDWNefYGHY-00039-00024880-00025384": "and the entire central nervous system detaches from the host body by accelerated decomposition.", "fHDWNefYGHY-00040-00025448-00026136": "To date, no specimen of SCP-1027 has been shown to possess any memories prior to becoming detached,", "fHDWNefYGHY-00041-00026136-00026783": "and have a functional intelligence level equivalent to that of a lower primate."}}, {"audio_id": "fHEizesbiGk", "text": {"fHEizesbiGk-00000-00000032-00000408": "In this video, I'm going to show you how to access Laulima from the college's", "fHEizesbiGk-00001-00000408-00000744": "website and then I'm also going to show you how", "fHEizesbiGk-00002-00000744-00001112": "to find your courses within Laulima. So we're going to go over", "fHEizesbiGk-00003-00001112-00001688": "here to the far left and click on MY UH we're going to be redirected to the MY UH", "fHEizesbiGk-00004-00001688-00002119": "services page and this has a lot of different sites", "fHEizesbiGk-00005-00002119-00002472": "that are important to students so this is a good", "fHEizesbiGk-00006-00002472-00002984": "place to become familiar with. We're going to look for the kalo", "fHEizesbiGk-00007-00002984-00003479": "leaf and click on that for Laulima", "fHEizesbiGk-00008-00003528-00003839": "so once you get to Laulima you will need to", "fHEizesbiGk-00009-00003839-00004144": "log in with your user id and password which are the same", "fHEizesbiGk-00010-00004144-00005007": "for your MY UH account.  So I'm going to go ahead and log in", "fHEizesbiGk-00011-00005216-00005919": "and once you've logged in you'll see your individual Laulima main page. It", "fHEizesbiGk-00012-00005919-00006592": "should have your individual courses up on the top as these little buttons.", "fHEizesbiGk-00013-00006592-00006992": "If you don't see them you need to go to Sites,", "fHEizesbiGk-00014-00006992-00007640": "and for the fall semester,  as an example,  if this star", "fHEizesbiGk-00015-00007640-00008311": "is not lit up as yellow or selected I'm going to close this and", "fHEizesbiGk-00016-00008311-00008760": "refresh my screen to show you. Then, you're not going to see your", "fHEizesbiGk-00017-00008760-00009360": "individual courses listed here as separate buttons for tabs", "fHEizesbiGk-00018-00009360-00009832": "so I'm going to go back to Sites and if you want you can select your courses", "fHEizesbiGk-00019-00009832-00010143": "individually or if you want all of your courses you can just", "fHEizesbiGk-00020-00010143-00010800": "click on the star in front of fall 2020 and we'll just click the x to get out of", "fHEizesbiGk-00021-00010800-00011272": "that box and I'll refresh my page", "fHEizesbiGk-00022-00011272-00011656": "and now you can see that my classes for fall", "fHEizesbiGk-00023-00011656-00012000": "are now listed as tabs. In a separate video", "fHEizesbiGk-00024-00012000-00012624": "I will show you how to use the Laulima tools  and how to navigate your course.  Once", "fHEizesbiGk-00025-00012624-00012816": "you click on the tab and you're in the course", "fHEizesbiGk-00026-00012816-00013384": "I'll show you where to go from there. Thank you"}}, {"audio_id": "fHReyAkTzfc", "text": {"fHReyAkTzfc-00000-00000060-00000888": "Day 17th of the fast. Let's dive in. We're going to talk about today six wrong ways to fast.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00001-00000984-00001757": "Not every fasting is created equal. Yes, drop that in the chat. Not every fasting is created", "fHReyAkTzfc-00002-00001757-00002352": "equal. A lot of people fast but in order to receive spiritual benefits of the fast we", "fHReyAkTzfc-00003-00002352-00003156": "must know how not to fast, okay. We see for example elders of Jezreel in 1 Kings 21:12,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00004-00003222-00003929": "they fasted to condemn an innocent man. That was a wrong fast. We see Pharisees fasted. You know", "fHReyAkTzfc-00005-00003929-00004752": "we see this in Luke 18:12 and Jesus condemned that fast. Now what I want to look at today is", "fHReyAkTzfc-00006-00004752-00005526": "I want to look at the fast that King Saul did, and I want to just extract about six different things", "fHReyAkTzfc-00007-00005526-00006144": "about that fast that were wrong. They were not pleasing to God. In fact, it was a foolish fast.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00008-00006258-00006834": "It was so foolish and it was dumb, okay. So I just want to kind of bring that in. I know that we're", "fHReyAkTzfc-00009-00006834-00007398": "in the 17th day, and for a lot of you it's your second day, third day, sixth day, seventh day.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00010-00007398-00007872": "So whichever day that you are watching this in, I just want to kind of bring a slight realignment", "fHReyAkTzfc-00011-00007872-00008736": "to our fasting and to the idea of fasting by addressing a wrong way of fasting. In 1 Samuel", "fHReyAkTzfc-00012-00008904-00009732": "14:24, it says the following, \"And the men of Israel were distressed that day, for Saul had", "fHReyAkTzfc-00013-00009732-00010626": "placed them under an oath, saying, 'Cursed is the man who eats any food until evening,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00014-00010626-00011622": "before I have taken vengeance on my enemies.' So none of the people tasted food.\" Now,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00015-00011694-00012684": "King Saul places unnecessary ban and a curse on his army", "fHReyAkTzfc-00016-00012863-00013697": "for avenging his enemies. He actually makes them to fast. He makes them to abstain from food,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00017-00013788-00014376": "and this was a foolish fasting. Somebody dropped it in the chat. Foolish fasting.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00018-00014376-00015144": "Now let's look at the six signs or six reasons why this kind of a fast is dumb,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00019-00015228-00016260": "foolish. Not only it doesn't bring any fruit, it's actually completely stupid, all right.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00020-00016319-00016776": "Now none of us I believe are fasting this way but we just still need to highlight that. Number one.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00021-00016836-00017484": "Foolish fasting is a legalistic fasting that is trying to earn salvation,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00022-00017634-00018498": "that is trying to earn salvation. In 1 Samuel 14:45, \"But the people said to Saul, 'Shall", "fHReyAkTzfc-00023-00018498-00019122": "Jonathan die?'\" So Jonathan breaks this fast, eats a little bit and people say, \"Shall Jonathan die", "fHReyAkTzfc-00024-00019122-00019596": "who had accomplished this great deliverance in Israel? Certainly not! As the LORD lives,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00025-00019596-00020160": "not one hair of his head shall fall to the ground, for he has worked with God this day.\" And the", "fHReyAkTzfc-00026-00020160-00020982": "people rescued Jonathan, and he did not die. What Saul wanted to do is he wanted to earn victory", "fHReyAkTzfc-00027-00020982-00021816": "through this fast. Interestingly, the Lord worked victory through Jonathan who broke this fast.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00028-00022020-00022896": "Saul's fasting was a legalistic way of trying to earn victory, of trying to secure victory.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00029-00023004-00023544": "And while we do believe that God uses fasting as an open door to doors, and brings favor and", "fHReyAkTzfc-00030-00023544-00024114": "everything. We must be very clear that power doesn't come from fasting, power comes through", "fHReyAkTzfc-00031-00024114-00024774": "fasting. It comes from God. Drop that in the chat. Power doesn't come from fasting, power comes", "fHReyAkTzfc-00032-00024774-00025650": "through fasting. If we begin to see fasting as a source of power, instead of as a channel of power,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00033-00025650-00026460": "we are foolishly fasting. Drop that in the chat again. Fasting is not a source of power,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00034-00026556-00027468": "it's the channel of power. We are not saved by good works, we are saved for good works.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00035-00027468-00028289": "Ephesians 2:8-10. And the triad of good works are giving, prayer, and fasting.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00036-00028398-00029112": "Let me repeat that again. We are not saved by good works, we are saved for good works,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00037-00029208-00029982": "and the triad of good works are giving, prayer, and fasting. If you're receiving this drop this", "fHReyAkTzfc-00038-00029982-00030774": "in the chat. We are not saved by good works, we are saved for good works, and the triad,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00039-00030894-00031560": "the three-fold chord of good works, the triad of good works are giving, prayer, and fasting.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00040-00031632-00032424": "It was Jonathan who worked with God and secured victory, yet he didn't fast.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00041-00032645-00033042": "In this case he didn't fast because he didn't want to participate in this foolishness,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00042-00033042-00033510": "and secondly, he probably wasn't aware of what his dad decided to do.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00043-00033624-00034062": "And the Bible says that people of Israel said hey, Jonathan's actually been working with God,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00044-00034062-00034584": "why are we penalizing him? Why are we going to try to kill him? And Saul is not working with God and", "fHReyAkTzfc-00045-00034584-00035160": "he's creating this weird you know self-imposed rules, they just provide no godliness, because", "fHReyAkTzfc-00046-00035160-00035886": "Saul wanted to use fasting as a source. For Saul, fasting was this thing that is going to give him", "fHReyAkTzfc-00047-00035886-00036510": "power over the enemy, when in reality fasting is not a source of power, it's a channel of power.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00048-00036576-00037512": "So that's the first foolishness of fasting. When we use fasting as a source, when we look to it as", "fHReyAkTzfc-00049-00037590-00038478": "something that guarantees us victory. Victory comes from the Lord. Victory comes through fasting", "fHReyAkTzfc-00050-00038478-00039096": "but it doesn't come from fasting. All right, number one is done. Let's go for number two.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00051-00039330-00040326": "Foolish fasting is driven by fear, not led by faith. Drop this in the chat. Foolish fasting is", "fHReyAkTzfc-00052-00040326-00041166": "driven by fear, not led by faith. Have you noticed I use the words \"driven\" and \"led.\" King Saul", "fHReyAkTzfc-00053-00041166-00042108": "drove everybody into fasting and how did he drive them? He put a curse on people who wouldn't fast.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00054-00042186-00043014": "That's driving, that's threatening. That's scary. Pretty much he says, \"If you guys don't fast,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00055-00043068-00043866": "you're cursed.\" Wow. That's scary. He drove people by fear into fasting,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00056-00043926-00044484": "instead of leading them by faith. Instead of saying how it could benefit their walk with God,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00057-00044604-00045192": "he scared them into doing it by imposing a curse on them.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00058-00045348-00046248": "Biblical fasting is never driven, it's led. Biblical fasting is not driven.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00059-00046320-00047058": "Now, I want you to listen to this very carefully. You're either fasting out of leading or legalism.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00060-00047190-00047664": "Drop this in the chat. You're either fasting out of leading or legalism.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00061-00047814-00048204": "If you are fasting out of legalism, that means something else is driving you.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00062-00048282-00048822": "If you're fasting out of leading that means someone else is leading you. Now we can be", "fHReyAkTzfc-00063-00048822-00049416": "led by our pastor, we can be led by the Holy Spirit, and we can be led by you know really", "fHReyAkTzfc-00064-00049416-00050094": "those those two things. God gives leaders in our churches, God you know is using me to lead you,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00065-00050094-00050778": "God is using your pastor to lead you, and God is through the Holy Spirit is leading us to a fast.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00066-00050844-00051570": "Now, that's leading. Being driven into a fast is very different. It's when somebody bullies", "fHReyAkTzfc-00067-00051570-00052212": "you into it, somebody scares you into it and somebody who threatens you into it. Or somebody", "fHReyAkTzfc-00068-00052212-00053010": "who curses you or says, \"If you don't do it you are going to get cursed,\" and that is extremely", "fHReyAkTzfc-00069-00053010-00053988": "dangerous and that is wrong. And that's what King Saul did is he drove people into a fast by fear.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00070-00054108-00054804": "Part of our fasting community in here, we don't threaten people and we don't use words like \"If", "fHReyAkTzfc-00071-00054804-00055308": "you don't fast, you know this is what's going to happen to you.\" I do believe that some people", "fHReyAkTzfc-00072-00055308-00055728": "who are not obedient to the leading of the Lord could miss out on something that the Lord wants", "fHReyAkTzfc-00073-00055728-00056640": "to do. That is different than being driven, beaten, forced, and cursed, if you don't fast.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00074-00056724-00057546": "Fasting is a volunteer, it's a voluntary discipline. It's not commanded in the sense", "fHReyAkTzfc-00075-00057546-00058164": "of it's not required. We don't see specific requirements how. We are encouraged to fast,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00076-00058164-00058962": "we're just not told when and how. In the sense of each person will be led to do one day, three days,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00077-00058962-00059526": "seven days. You know whatever that is, the Holy Spirit leads us and God appoints leaders to lead", "fHReyAkTzfc-00078-00059526-00060114": "us, and then we respond by a prompting in our hearts saying, \"I agree with that. I want to", "fHReyAkTzfc-00079-00060114-00060672": "do that.\" God gives us desires, He gives us the will to do those things and we follow.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00080-00060672-00061398": "But please hear me loud and clear, there are no curses attached to you not fasting. What King", "fHReyAkTzfc-00081-00061398-00061967": "Saul did was foolish. For those of you who may be feared that if you you know broke the fast, you", "fHReyAkTzfc-00082-00061967-00062448": "didn't finish the fast on time or anything. While it is true that we want to develop a discipline", "fHReyAkTzfc-00083-00062448-00063054": "and a habit of finishing strong, and I want to inspire you to do that. I also want you to have", "fHReyAkTzfc-00084-00063186-00064260": "grace to understand that this is not a salvation issue, this is not deal breaker, if you don't go", "fHReyAkTzfc-00085-00064260-00064752": "even to the end. This again I'm not trying to give license to anybody to give in to your cravings,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00086-00064752-00065208": "but if you're feeling not good or if you just can't take it anymore and stuff. So there is no", "fHReyAkTzfc-00087-00065208-00065730": "curse attached to not finishing the fast. There is no, \"Oh my gosh. Now everything's gonna go", "fHReyAkTzfc-00088-00065730-00066228": "bad.\" Absolutely not. That is the furthest thing from the truth. That is a legalistic", "fHReyAkTzfc-00089-00066228-00067038": "way of looking at a discipline of fasting, when you associate, not fasting, with curses.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00090-00067188-00067836": "That's what King Saul pronounced and he was crazy. He was not right. This wasn't Spirit-filled, okay.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00091-00067944-00068718": "So, therefore, this grace and this freedom should motivate you to go forward and to go further,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00092-00068718-00069600": "without giving up. We are not driven by fear, we are led by faith, amen. So if you feel guilty", "fHReyAkTzfc-00093-00069690-00070248": "for giving up or wanting, if you feel guilty for quitting or wanting to quit.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00094-00070392-00071130": "I'm just gonna give you a very powerful prophetic word. Stop it. Stop it. Yeah, because there is no", "fHReyAkTzfc-00095-00071130-00071754": "guilt associated, there should be no guilt associated with quitting or stopping a fast.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00096-00071832-00072492": "Yes, Jonathan stopped it. He didn't even fast and God was still with Jonathan, and there's no hint", "fHReyAkTzfc-00097-00072492-00072996": "where somehow God was displeased with him. Now some of you may say, \"Vlad, you're giving us too", "fHReyAkTzfc-00098-00072996-00073410": "much grace. I feel like some people are just gonna start quitting.\" First of all, this is", "fHReyAkTzfc-00099-00073410-00073926": "what I know about people. People are gonna quit no matter what, okay. Plus I don't see one reference", "fHReyAkTzfc-00100-00073926-00074718": "in the Bible where not being able to finish a fast somehow brings God's judgment, displeasure,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00101-00074832-00075528": "okay. No parent in their right mind will punish their child who's attempting to do something,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00102-00075528-00076056": "and they did the best they could and they just were not able to maybe win the first place,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00103-00076056-00076716": "or were not able to maybe you know hit that thing, but they try their best. No parent would ever do", "fHReyAkTzfc-00104-00076716-00077454": "that, nor will our God. Again biblical fast has never been about this commandment or it's a law.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00105-00077454-00078120": "It's been more about a practice where we deny ourselves in pursuit of God and some of us have", "fHReyAkTzfc-00106-00078120-00078708": "a lot of growing to do, and we will grow into you know doing a 40 day or 21 days. And there", "fHReyAkTzfc-00107-00078708-00079182": "are many of you, God has given you grace and me sharing this word actually is encouraging you", "fHReyAkTzfc-00108-00079236-00079998": "to say, hey, even if I do trip, it's okay. This is not me falling from purity into lust.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00109-00079998-00080514": "This is not me falling from walking in freedom to falling into demonization or torment. This", "fHReyAkTzfc-00110-00080514-00081270": "is me you know falling on grass, where I can get up, you know clean up my knees and keep running,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00111-00081270-00081672": "and keep walking. My encouragement to you is that if you stop the fast, just resume. Restart", "fHReyAkTzfc-00112-00081672-00082236": "it again next day. Don't walk with this guilt, don't walk with this shame and you will grow", "fHReyAkTzfc-00113-00082236-00082794": "into. I believe if you stay with this community, this year you will grow and build this habit,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00114-00082794-00083298": "holy habit of fasting, where you will become stronger and you will become better. For those", "fHReyAkTzfc-00115-00083298-00083748": "of you who quit and maybe you're like you don't like me now on my live streams, you're like, \"Man,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00116-00083748-00084264": "I just I get reminded you know what I should have done. I kind of should have continued.\" Please", "fHReyAkTzfc-00117-00084402-00084864": "you're not driven by fear, don't live in that fear, don't live in that torment, don't live", "fHReyAkTzfc-00118-00084864-00085416": "in that guilt, don't live in that shame. Live in faith, be led by the Lord. You can still restart,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00119-00085416-00086058": "you can still resume. But even if you don't, you know that God loves you. You know that", "fHReyAkTzfc-00120-00086058-00086556": "He is pleased with you if you are doing everything you can to walk in His will.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00121-00086616-00087444": "And sometimes we get a little bit weak and you know we, our flesh, our body you know has its", "fHReyAkTzfc-00122-00087444-00087924": "own needs and demands, and sometimes we have to respond to it, and that is completely normal,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00123-00088020-00088440": "okay. We're not talking about right now cravings of the flesh of some sinful things. But we're", "fHReyAkTzfc-00124-00088440-00088908": "talking about normal desires of the bodies that could not be neglected and for some people in the", "fHReyAkTzfc-00125-00088908-00089466": "season that they are in because of the weakness of their own body. They can do the best that they", "fHReyAkTzfc-00126-00089466-00090126": "can and the rest of it is in God's hands, and you know what? God sees you. God knows the sacrifice", "fHReyAkTzfc-00127-00090126-00090840": "it took you. God sees your sacrifice. Now you see your sacrifice compared to mine, or compared to", "fHReyAkTzfc-00128-00090840-00091344": "someone else and you feel bad about it. But God never compares your sacrifice with your neighbors,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00129-00091344-00092070": "because God Compares your sacrifice with your own strength. God never looks at how much I give in", "fHReyAkTzfc-00130-00092070-00092508": "comparison to how much my neighbor gives, because my neighbor has different financial situation.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00131-00092508-00093108": "God always judges my sacrifice based on what I have, not based on what you have. So that should", "fHReyAkTzfc-00132-00093108-00093678": "give you a lot of encouragement, that God sees your heart, He knows the limits of your body, He", "fHReyAkTzfc-00133-00093678-00094332": "knows the situation at your work. He knows that. So please, do not fall into the foolish fasting,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00134-00094332-00094950": "where you develop guilt, where you develop shame, and where you develop legalism, and you impose on", "fHReyAkTzfc-00135-00094950-00095466": "yourself rules God never created in His Scripture. And just because we are fasting and we're talking", "fHReyAkTzfc-00136-00095466-00096138": "and encouraging other people to do it, this should not create unnecessary pressure. That", "fHReyAkTzfc-00137-00096138-00096870": "did not originate with the Holy Spirit, with the Scriptures or should not originate with me, amen.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00138-00096966-00097488": "Somebody dropped it in the chat. God sees my sacrifice. Now let's go to number three. I've", "fHReyAkTzfc-00139-00097488-00098196": "spent a little bit more time on number two than on other ones. Number three, and that is foolish", "fHReyAkTzfc-00140-00098196-00098946": "fasting is selfish, not spiritual. So number one we mentioned is that foolish fasting is something", "fHReyAkTzfc-00141-00098946-00099624": "that attempts to earn God's power. Number two, we mentioned that foolish fasting is driven by fear", "fHReyAkTzfc-00142-00099726-00099984": "and therefore it results in guilt. Number three,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00143-00099984-00100812": "foolish fasting is selfish not spiritual, and we see that in verse 24 where Saul says this.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00144-00100968-00101364": "Let's look at this verse again where King Saul said this, he said,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00145-00101364-00102072": "\"Cursed is the man who eats any food until the evening,\" and I want you to see this, \"before I,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00146-00102258-00102630": "I.\" What does that mean? King Saul says,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00147-00102798-00103740": "\"It's about me. I want all of you to fast so that I can defeat my enemies.\" It's interesting,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00148-00103818-00104472": "no mention of God, no mention of Israel. No mention of his team, his army.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00149-00104556-00105396": "You know why King Saul wanted everybody to fast? So he can have vengeance. That is selfish. That is", "fHReyAkTzfc-00150-00105396-00106302": "wrong. He wanted to exploit people. He wanted to use people to accomplish his own ambition,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00151-00106374-00107532": "and drive them into starvation so that he, he, I, before I. Y'all cannot eat, why? Because until \"I\"", "fHReyAkTzfc-00152-00107598-00108066": "take vengeance. You guys are fasting so that I can take vengeance.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00153-00108150-00108683": "This is not about us. And so that's why I want to encourage you that even if you're fasting for", "fHReyAkTzfc-00154-00108683-00109422": "health reasons, realign your motives to spiritual reasons. May your health experience benefits but", "fHReyAkTzfc-00155-00109422-00110196": "may it not be the main reason why you fast. That's why Isaiah 58:3 goes deeper into this,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00156-00110196-00110808": "and says things like, \"If you fast but you ignore the poor, if you fast but you are gossiping,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00157-00110808-00111474": "you're exploiting people, you have strife, you're not helping the needy.\" Isaiah says, \"Honestly,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00158-00111540-00112188": "like that's not really my fast.\" Now if you are fasting and gossiping, if you are", "fHReyAkTzfc-00159-00112188-00112614": "fasting and you're not sacrificial, if you are fasting and you're not helping other people.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00160-00112722-00113346": "I want you to continue to fast but I want you to change your motive, change your focus.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00161-00113466-00114066": "It's not selfish, it's spiritual. Maybe you are fasting and you're like, \"Man, you know I gave", "fHReyAkTzfc-00162-00114066-00114588": "birth to children. Now I need to lose all that, all that baby fat that I collected.\" Or maybe", "fHReyAkTzfc-00163-00114588-00114978": "you're like, \"Man, from Thanksgiving to Christmas I've really gained a lot of weight, so I'm fasting", "fHReyAkTzfc-00164-00114978-00115404": "and I'm persevering to really lose weight.\" I can tell you one thing from experience is", "fHReyAkTzfc-00165-00115404-00116094": "that fasting is the worst way to lose weight. Now you lose all of that but then afterwards you're", "fHReyAkTzfc-00166-00116094-00116718": "gonna gain all of that back. The only way to lose weight is to change how you eat and how you live,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00167-00116718-00117216": "not just how you fast. Fasting can trigger a weight loss but it will not be sustainable", "fHReyAkTzfc-00168-00117216-00117911": "until you change how you eat. Therefore we should not use fasting for loss of weight, we should use", "fHReyAkTzfc-00169-00117911-00118650": "fasting for spiritual reasons. And we will reap benefits of our you know breaking the stronghold", "fHReyAkTzfc-00170-00118650-00119124": "of obesity, breaking the stronghold of gluttony. But at the same time fasting is not going to be", "fHReyAkTzfc-00171-00119124-00119922": "most effective way to lose weight, unless you do it for spiritual reasons, and after the fast", "fHReyAkTzfc-00172-00119988-00120606": "you don't fill yourself with food right away. And you start changing your diet slowly", "fHReyAkTzfc-00173-00120666-00121302": "and then you practice regular fast during the year. Not just one time but regular fast. You will", "fHReyAkTzfc-00174-00121302-00121944": "see improvement in your health but please hear me loud and clear, fasting is not about health", "fHReyAkTzfc-00175-00121944-00122585": "improvements. I understand that every you know doctor on YouTube who talks about fasting mainly", "fHReyAkTzfc-00176-00122585-00123335": "deals with health improvements. But as Christians our purpose is not health, our purpose is our", "fHReyAkTzfc-00177-00123335-00124188": "holiness, it's our pursuit of the Lord, humility. And health benefits we reap as side effects,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00178-00124188-00124883": "as side benefits. Not as a primary objective, otherwise we might be fasting like Saul.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00179-00124938-00125561": "Now, in some degree you'll achieve maybe some results, but the real purpose of fasting is", "fHReyAkTzfc-00180-00125561-00126282": "not for physical results, it's for spiritual results. So, the first foolish fasting is that", "fHReyAkTzfc-00181-00126282-00126798": "he tried to get power from it or victory from it. We said that victory doesn't come from fasting,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00182-00126798-00127290": "it comes through fasting. The second one is that he cursed people who wouldn't do it. Which means", "fHReyAkTzfc-00183-00127290-00127914": "the fasting is not supposed to be driven by fear, it's supposed to be led by faith. The third one is", "fHReyAkTzfc-00184-00127914-00128556": "he wanted \"I\" take vengeance on my enemies. So it was very selfish in purpose. It was not spiritual", "fHReyAkTzfc-00185-00128556-00129420": "in purpose. Let's go to number four. The number four sign of foolish fasting is it ignores timing,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00186-00129516-00130283": "ignores timing. Now this is very practical right now, and some we need to listen very", "fHReyAkTzfc-00187-00130283-00131382": "carefully to this. Saul fasted, King Saul fasted at the wrong time, which makes it foolish, okay.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00188-00131472-00132474": "I want you to see what his son said in 1 Samuel 14:39. 29. I apologize, verse", "fHReyAkTzfc-00189-00132474-00133290": "29. So his son Jonathan said the following, \"But Jonathan said, \"My father has troubled the land.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00190-00133356-00134142": "Look now, how my continents had has brightened because I tasted a little bit of this honey. How", "fHReyAkTzfc-00191-00134142-00134904": "much better if the people had eaten freely today of the spoil of their enemies which they found!", "fHReyAkTzfc-00192-00135006-00135924": "For now would there be not much greater slaughter among the Philistines?'\" Because if you read verse", "fHReyAkTzfc-00193-00135924-00136662": "31, it says this, \"Now they had driven back the Philistines from that day,\" from this city to this", "fHReyAkTzfc-00194-00136662-00137514": "one. \"So that people were very faint.\" They should have not been fasting when they were fighting.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00195-00137664-00138402": "Physically this was the worst time to fast. They're in the middle of the battle. Soldiers", "fHReyAkTzfc-00196-00138402-00139434": "who don't have strength are useless, and King Saul being foolish, not wise, leads his army", "fHReyAkTzfc-00197-00139434-00140310": "into a fast. Again for selfish reasons \"So I can take vengeance.\" Curses them if they don't, and", "fHReyAkTzfc-00198-00140376-00140898": "what's really bad about it is the timing. That's why one of the things that I mentioned concerning", "fHReyAkTzfc-00199-00140898-00141456": "a 21 day water fast or 21 they fast at all, is that you have to consider your timing.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00200-00141510-00142086": "For example, if you're pregnant, if you're nursing, if you're a child, okay. Or if you have", "fHReyAkTzfc-00201-00142086-00142596": "something right now going on in your life that absolutely is just not possible for you to fast,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00202-00142734-00143724": "okay, please don't force it. Please don't be foolish about it, okay. Now, many people", "fHReyAkTzfc-00203-00143724-00144234": "when they know January is coming, what they can do actually is they can prepare their timing,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00204-00144234-00144792": "where they can start to kind of realign their schedules. That's one of the things that I had to", "fHReyAkTzfc-00205-00144792-00145392": "do is that coming into January I looked over and I said, \"Okay, let me actually cancel my trips,\"", "fHReyAkTzfc-00206-00145482-00146106": "and that's not required. Some people do that while traveling and I did that before,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00207-00146106-00146556": "but this time I was like, \"You know what, no. I'm gonna cancel my trips.\" So like this weekend I was", "fHReyAkTzfc-00208-00146556-00146988": "supposed to speak at the conference in California. I think there's still a flyer with my face on", "fHReyAkTzfc-00209-00146988-00147444": "it ,and you know I excused myself and I really apologize. But I said I'm not going to be able", "fHReyAkTzfc-00210-00147552-00147948": "to speak, so that I can, number one, focus on leading this community. And number two,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00211-00147948-00148350": "so I can focus on leading my church, and I can focus on actually participating in the", "fHReyAkTzfc-00212-00148350-00148752": "fast without kind of flying back and forth and trying to do too many things at the same time.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00213-00148848-00149520": "But legalistic foolish fasting ignores the timing. The timing", "fHReyAkTzfc-00214-00149616-00150186": "is not everything but the timing matters of your fast. You know if you just gave birth to a", "fHReyAkTzfc-00215-00150186-00150996": "child and maybe there's a pressure to fast, please ignore that pressure. Focus on nursing your child.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00216-00151074-00151800": "If you're pregnant, don't. It's not a time for you to fast, you know. Or maybe you're dealing", "fHReyAkTzfc-00217-00151800-00152250": "with anorexia, you're fighting that thing. It's not a time for you to fast, you know, or maybe", "fHReyAkTzfc-00218-00152250-00152706": "you're dealing with some things and you're on heavy medication. It's not a time for you to fast", "fHReyAkTzfc-00219-00152706-00153420": "you know. Don't go into this ignoring your timing, the timing that you're in right now because that", "fHReyAkTzfc-00220-00153420-00154116": "is foolish, that is not wise. the Bible says to offer our body as a living sacrifice, okay. But", "fHReyAkTzfc-00221-00154116-00154680": "what else it says in there as a living sacrifice, and I'm going to open that verse right now. Romans", "fHReyAkTzfc-00222-00154908-00155856": "12:1. \"I beseech you therefore, brethren, by the mercies of God, that you present your bodies as", "fHReyAkTzfc-00223-00155856-00156222": "a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable to God, which is your reasonable service.\"", "fHReyAkTzfc-00224-00156282-00156822": "I always tell people that offer God a reasonable service, not a radical service.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00225-00156960-00157626": "Offer God a reasonable service, not a reckless service, okay. God wants a reasonable service,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00226-00157626-00158328": "you know holy, living, and acceptable to him, and so drop this in the chat.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00227-00158328-00158946": "God wants us to offer a reasonable service. He wants, honestly, a service that is reasonable.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00228-00159072-00159672": "The goal is not to get radical. The goal is not to be reckless. The goal is to be reasonable,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00229-00159726-00160368": "holy, living, which is your reasonable sacrifice, which is something that is wise,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00230-00160428-00160992": "okay. If you can't fast more than you know two days without throwing up and all of", "fHReyAkTzfc-00231-00160992-00161424": "that stuff. There's no need to stress your body and trying to go for 21 day water fast,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00232-00161616-00162126": "because you're ignoring the timing, and your timing is that your body at this point cannot", "fHReyAkTzfc-00233-00162126-00162738": "do that. So you choose something that your body can and you run with it. No matter if your husband", "fHReyAkTzfc-00234-00162738-00163272": "fast different or your wife fast different. Like me and my wife, we have a different way that we", "fHReyAkTzfc-00235-00163272-00163950": "fast. First of all I'm a man in the house and I do have a job that doesn't require you know me to be", "fHReyAkTzfc-00236-00163950-00164406": "on the road driving, because otherwise I probably would be asleep, or you know heavy physical job.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00237-00164406-00165030": "And so and and I carry the load, but under no circumstances am I going to come into my wife", "fHReyAkTzfc-00238-00165030-00165642": "and impose exactly the same kind of a fast when her body is wired differently and she can't do", "fHReyAkTzfc-00239-00165642-00166236": "water 21 days. There are some wives, they can do that, and we have people on our team who actually", "fHReyAkTzfc-00240-00166320-00166914": "husbands and wives do it together, absolutely no problem. But before, when they had children,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00241-00166914-00167436": "they were not able to do that. And so to begin to fast when it's not your timing, especially", "fHReyAkTzfc-00242-00167436-00168234": "as a mother of a little children, you have to be wise. Not reckless and not radical but reasonable.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00243-00168354-00168540": "Are you guys with me? Are you receiving something?", "fHReyAkTzfc-00244-00168654-00168930": "Drop number one in the chat if this is blessing anybody.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00245-00169158-00169710": "Number five. So we mentioned already four things, number five, and this one", "fHReyAkTzfc-00246-00169788-00170772": "is big because this is the effects of wrong kind of a fasting. And the effects is this,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00247-00170772-00171702": "is that if you do it the wrong way, it will not lead to holiness. Foolish fasting does", "fHReyAkTzfc-00248-00171702-00172608": "not lead to holy living. Drop this in the chat. Foolish fasting does not lead to holy living.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00249-00172674-00173220": "Look at what happened to Saul. You know he drives people into a fast. Don't eat,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00250-00173220-00173646": "don't eat, don't eat, because I need to avenge my enemies, curses anybody who's gonna eat.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00251-00173754-00174588": "And then afterwards people start eating, look at how they ate. \"Then they told Saul, saying, 'Look,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00252-00174588-00175404": "the people are sinning against the Lord by eating with the blood!'\" So they went from not eating,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00253-00175524-00176160": "to eating in the way that was a sin before God. There was no sin in eating,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00254-00176268-00176634": "but now they're eating in the way that offends God's law.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00255-00176802-00177378": "So this foolish fasting did not lead to holiness, it did not lead to righteousness.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00256-00177378-00178242": "This foolish fasting did not lead to a holy habit. And sometimes you know I wonder,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00257-00178380-00178878": "if many of us when we finish our fast, if we are like Israelites.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00258-00178938-00179508": "Maybe we're not eating our food with blood, but we are eating our food in gluttony.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00259-00179688-00180258": "And this typically happens for people to come out of a fast and starts stuffing themselves,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00260-00180360-00180798": "trying to catch up for the last 10 days, seven days that they haven't eaten. And", "fHReyAkTzfc-00261-00180798-00181350": "literally croissants, and cinnamon rolls, and meat, and everything. And we stuff ourselves.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00262-00181410-00181788": "And then find ourselves having diarrhea, find ourselves sitting on the toilet,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00263-00181854-00182244": "find ourselves repenting before God, find ourselves in the emergency room.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00264-00182352-00183132": "And if you're fast is not done right, one of the side effects is that you will finish wrong,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00265-00183186-00183630": "you will come out of it wrong. It will not lead to holy living afterwards.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00266-00183810-00184680": "Fasting is good but if you exit the fast and you fall into gluttony, that's not good.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00267-00184800-00185298": "That means that this Sunday, Monday, as you begin to think about coming out,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00268-00185298-00186042": "you got to be very careful that you don't commit sins. Yes glutton is a sin, overeating is a sin,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00269-00186042-00186816": "and you will sin against your body, you will hurt your body. And you're showing really to the Lord,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00270-00186936-00187458": "that I'm a glutton. I know I've fasted for 20 days or 10 days or 7 days, but Lord,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00271-00187572-00187878": "I'm addicted to food. So you want to be very careful,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00272-00187938-00188274": "as you're going to be already think in your mind, as you're going to begin to come out,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00273-00188274-00189012": "that you are not falling into gluttony. That you don't fall into sinful eating, wrong eating.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00274-00189066-00189510": "For some of you, you broke the grip of sugar right now, you broke the grip of caffeine,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00275-00189510-00190242": "or maybe you broke the grip of junk food. It will be very tempting to begin to entertain that again.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00276-00190242-00190830": "Some things that you broke the grip off during this fast, you should never return back to again.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00277-00190944-00191496": "Some certain foods you broke the grip off in your life, you should never, ever,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00278-00191496-00192294": "introduce them to your diet again. Like junk food, like drinking Pepsi or Cola, or drinking you know", "fHReyAkTzfc-00279-00192294-00193026": "these drinks that not only make us overweight but they put a lot of toxins in our body. And then we", "fHReyAkTzfc-00280-00193026-00193404": "begin to develop sicknesses that didn't come from the devil but it came from our own diet.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00281-00193560-00194016": "So it's very important that we make a decision right now, that I'm going to exit slowly.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00282-00194070-00194550": "That I'm going to exit not eating my regular meals, why? Because I don't want to fall into sin", "fHReyAkTzfc-00283-00194550-00195138": "of gluttony. I don't want to fall into that thing, because biblical fasting leads to holy living.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00284-00195300-00196056": "Foolish fasting will lead to unholy living, like in King Saul's case. They all fast,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00285-00196056-00196578": "fast, fast, because they all scared, and now they're eating stuff with blood, which is a sin", "fHReyAkTzfc-00286-00196578-00197022": "before God. And again, I'm pretty sure you're not going to be eating anything with blood,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00287-00197094-00197280": "but some of us are going to be eating steak", "fHReyAkTzfc-00288-00197406-00197796": "on the first day of the fast, and that is wrong. You're sinning against your body,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00289-00197796-00198288": "and I just want to speak to you right away. I want to put a fear of God inside of you, that you don't", "fHReyAkTzfc-00290-00198288-00198888": "fall into gluttony exiting the fast.And I'm not speaking this because I've always done it right.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00291-00198888-00199392": "I am a sinner saved by grace in this area, okay. Because there were times, especially shorter fasts", "fHReyAkTzfc-00292-00199392-00199986": "where I've done that and I paid a dear price. I repented with tears and wailing, guess where?", "fHReyAkTzfc-00293-00200160-00200712": "In the bathroom. I didn't even make it to the altar, okay. Holding on to my stomach", "fHReyAkTzfc-00294-00200712-00201306": "and begging God to have mercy on me so I don't die, you know, and and you think I would learn", "fHReyAkTzfc-00295-00201306-00201714": "the lesson and stuff. So I just want to share with you, that you don't experience that,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00296-00201714-00202404": "and that I choose to slowly come out and not just gorge myself and fill myself right away with that.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00297-00202404-00202920": "Because that could be a way of honestly, exalting king's stomach back to his enthroned place.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00298-00203148-00203598": "Amen. So we will do a separate video on how to come out of the fast. I'll share the things not", "fHReyAkTzfc-00299-00203598-00204030": "to eat and things to eat, and so we will do that most likely either on Saturday night or", "fHReyAkTzfc-00300-00204030-00204390": "on Sunday afternoon, but for right now I'm gonna leave it at that. Are you guys ready", "fHReyAkTzfc-00301-00204390-00204923": "for number six? So we've shared already five things. Let's review. Foolish fasting", "fHReyAkTzfc-00302-00204990-00205860": "seeks to have fasting as a source of power, source of victory. Foolish fasting is driven by fear,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00303-00205860-00206873": "it's not led by faith. Foolish fasting ignores the timing and foolish fasting is selfish,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00304-00206873-00207402": "not spiritual. And now we've mentioned foolish fasting doesn't lead to holy living,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00305-00207480-00208110": "and the last one, the sixth one is this. Foolish fasting is a show-off,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00306-00208206-00208812": "instead of seeking God, and this comes from Jesus rebuking the Pharisees. \"When you fast, do not be", "fHReyAkTzfc-00307-00208812-00209346": "like hypocrites with sad faces.\" They disfigure their faces so they can appear to be fasting to", "fHReyAkTzfc-00308-00209346-00210000": "people. in other words it's a show-off. It's not so I can seek God. It's not so I can humble myself", "fHReyAkTzfc-00309-00210000-00210948": "before God. It's so that I can show off. So that I could really just show off, and that's really what", "fHReyAkTzfc-00310-00210948-00211662": "foolish fasting is. All right, so these are the six things that I wanted to share with you today", "fHReyAkTzfc-00311-00211752-00212604": "and give you just a small encouragement, as well as direction in regards to fasting, amen. If this", "fHReyAkTzfc-00312-00212604-00213000": "was a blessing to you, I want you to drop number one in the chat. If this was an encouragement", "fHReyAkTzfc-00313-00213000-00213408": "make sure that we share this with other people. I believe this will be very impactful for a lot", "fHReyAkTzfc-00314-00213408-00213942": "of people that will be watching and re-watching down the road. I do want to take a moment right", "fHReyAkTzfc-00315-00213942-00214626": "now and pray. I want to pray for those people that are sick, and I want to pray for those people that", "fHReyAkTzfc-00316-00214626-00215244": "are maybe facing demonic attacks. We will have a digital deliverance this Saturday, we will have", "fHReyAkTzfc-00317-00215244-00215742": "an in-person deliverance this Sunday. But I do believe that distance is not a barrier to God. And", "fHReyAkTzfc-00318-00215742-00216198": "for those of you that are fasting right now, let's just ask God, let's just allow the Holy Spirit", "fHReyAkTzfc-00319-00216198-00217008": "to move right now and touch us as we are going to take a moment to pray. Now what I would encourage", "fHReyAkTzfc-00320-00217008-00217536": "you as well, if you are having a testimony already from the fast, you're noticing a breakthrough in", "fHReyAkTzfc-00321-00217536-00218076": "your job, in your career, or maybe in deliverance that is taking place. Or perhaps you're already", "fHReyAkTzfc-00322-00218076-00218628": "seeing a difference or maybe you've experienced healing during this fast. Don't forget to send me", "fHReyAkTzfc-00323-00218628-00219588": "your testimony at hungrygen.com/testimony I keep mixing those two websites and so we're gonna pray", "fHReyAkTzfc-00324-00219588-00220067": "right now. If you are sick in your body I want you to place your hand upon the part of your body", "fHReyAkTzfc-00325-00220067-00220644": "where there is sickness, and we're going to agree. If you feel comfortable dropping in the chat of", "fHReyAkTzfc-00326-00220644-00221369": "what you are believing about the Lord to do for you in the area of healing. Let's begin to drop", "fHReyAkTzfc-00327-00221369-00221886": "that in the chat. We're going to begin to pray for this and ask the Holy Spirit to come. Lord,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00328-00221886-00222498": "I thank You for Your mercy. Lord, I thank You for Your grace. Lord, I thank You for Your power right", "fHReyAkTzfc-00329-00222498-00223152": "now that is moving in this place, in Jesus mighty name. Dear Holy Spirit, we welcome You right now", "fHReyAkTzfc-00330-00223152-00223788": "into this chat. We welcome You right now into this live stream, in Jesus mighty name. Precious Holy", "fHReyAkTzfc-00331-00223788-00224262": "Spirit, I ask you that You will come, that You will bring healing right now, in Jesus mighty", "fHReyAkTzfc-00332-00224262-00224838": "name. I rebuke every fibroid and I command it to come out of people's bodies right now, in Jesus", "fHReyAkTzfc-00333-00224838-00225438": "mighty name. I come against every cyst right now that is lodged in the body, in Jesus mighty name,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00334-00225438-00226050": "and I commend it to come out in Jesus name. I rebuke every arthritis in Jesus name and I commend", "fHReyAkTzfc-00335-00226050-00227040": "that pain in the joints to leave their body right now, in Jesus mighty name. Spine, be healed. Every", "fHReyAkTzfc-00336-00227040-00227921": "spine injury, be healed right now in Jesus name. Every pain in the shoulders be healed right now in", "fHReyAkTzfc-00337-00227921-00228600": "Jesus mighty name. All the hormonal issues, right now I speak God's healing power to flow right now", "fHReyAkTzfc-00338-00228600-00229314": "into that area in Jesus mighty name. Holy Spirit, come with Your power right now. Holy Spirit come", "fHReyAkTzfc-00339-00229314-00229896": "with Your anointing right now, in Jesus name. I rebuke every deafness. I rebuke right now every", "fHReyAkTzfc-00340-00229896-00230634": "blindness, in Jesus mighty name. Be healed in your eyes, be healed in your ears, in Jesus", "fHReyAkTzfc-00341-00230634-00231402": "mighty name. I come against every skin disease, every eczema, every rash, every fungus or anything", "fHReyAkTzfc-00342-00231402-00232110": "that is developing on the skin that's poisonous or cancerous, in Jesus mighty name be healed", "fHReyAkTzfc-00343-00232110-00232692": "in your skin. In the mighty name of the Lord, in the mighty name of the Lord. Restore their skin,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00344-00232692-00233346": "Lord. I speak healing to liver right now. I speak healing to kidneys, in Jesus name. Kidney stones", "fHReyAkTzfc-00345-00233346-00234084": "to dissolve right now, in Jesus mighty name. I rebuke every cancer in the blood. Leukemia be", "fHReyAkTzfc-00346-00234084-00234744": "healed, in Jesus name. Every cancer in the bones, be healed in Jesus mighty name. Every cancer in", "fHReyAkTzfc-00347-00234744-00235416": "the brain, I command that cancer to go by the power of the name of Jesus Christ. Every cancer,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00348-00235500-00236273": "right now colon cancer, be healed in Jesus mighty name. Skin cancer be healed in the mighty name of", "fHReyAkTzfc-00349-00236273-00236904": "Jesus Christ. Holy Spirit come with your power right now. I speak healing to broken toes and", "fHReyAkTzfc-00350-00236904-00237617": "feet, in Jesus mighty name. I speak healing right now for shortness of breath, in the name", "fHReyAkTzfc-00351-00237617-00238319": "of Jesus Christ. Every swollenness, in Jesus name, bloated body. I command that thing to begin to,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00352-00238319-00239082": "that bloatedness to go away in the name of Jesus Christ. I rebuke every PTSD. I rebuke right now", "fHReyAkTzfc-00353-00239082-00239766": "every unclean spirit that is behind mental attacks of anxiety, chronic depression, OCD,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00354-00239766-00240642": "in Jesus mighty nam.e I speak God's word into Your body right now. He sent His word and healed them.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00355-00240642-00241788": "Jesus release your word and heal Your people right now, right now, in Jesus mighty name. Holy Spirit,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00356-00241788-00242646": "come. Holy Spirit, heal schizophrenia right now. Restore, in the name of Jesus Christ.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00357-00242964-00243462": "I rebuke every insomnia. I rebuke every sleep apnea, in Jesus name.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00358-00243666-00244302": "In the mighty name of the Lord. Come Holy Spirit with Your power.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00359-00244373-00245130": "Come Holy Spirit with Your anointing through this live stream, heal Your people,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00360-00245190-00245934": "restore Your people, in Jesus mighty name. I come against every spirit of bitterness.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00361-00246042-00246623": "I come against every spirit of resentment, hatred, unforgiveness, violence, anger, and murder.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00362-00246684-00247026": "In the name of Jesus, I command you to come out of God's people right now.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00363-00247188-00247884": "Be free from every spirit of bitterness. I come against every spirit of rebellion, stubbornness,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00364-00247962-00248436": "anti-submissiveness. In Jesus name, I command you to come out right now, in Jesus name.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00365-00248496-00248988": "I come against every spirit of strife, contention, bickering, arguing, quarreling, and fighting.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00366-00248988-00249486": "In Jesus name, I command that spirit of strife to loose you right now and to come out of you.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00367-00249642-00250128": "In the mighty name of Jesus, I come against every spirit of control, possessiveness, dominance,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00368-00250128-00250662": "and witchcraft. In Jesus name, every spirit of witchcraft, lose your grip right now and come", "fHReyAkTzfc-00369-00250662-00251148": "out of God's people, in Jesus name. Those people watching me right now. You spirit of control,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00370-00251148-00251808": "you spirit of strife, you spirit of rebellion, and bitterness. Come out in Jesus mighty name. Every", "fHReyAkTzfc-00371-00251808-00252558": "Spirit of retaliation, destruction, spite, hatred, hurt, and cruelty. In Jesus mighty name, lose your", "fHReyAkTzfc-00372-00252558-00252966": "grip right now, lose your grip right now and come out of God's people right now. Come out through", "fHReyAkTzfc-00373-00252966-00253398": "their breathing. Come out through their cough. Come out through their tears. Come out through", "fHReyAkTzfc-00374-00253398-00253890": "their breath. Come out through their airways, but right now in the name of Jesus come out,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00375-00253890-00254723": "and for those people to be free in Jesus mighty name. Thank You, Lord. Thank You, Lord. Thank You,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00376-00254723-00255432": "Holy Spirit. Thank You, precious Jesus. Thank you, Jesus. Somebody drop that in the chat. I received.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00377-00255558-00255852": "If you're watching right now and you're experiencing something,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00378-00255852-00256290": "don't hesitate to share. If you are re-watching this and you're experiencing something, go to a", "fHReyAkTzfc-00379-00256290-00256764": "hungrygen.com/testimony and let us know if healing is taking place, if you're being delivered,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00380-00256764-00257304": "and if you are being set free. We would really appreciate to hear that, as the Lord is touching", "fHReyAkTzfc-00381-00257304-00257940": "your body and touching your life. The last thing that I wanted to share quickly today is if you are", "fHReyAkTzfc-00382-00257940-00258510": "watching this broadcast and this was a blessing to you, I want to invite you to partner with this", "fHReyAkTzfc-00383-00258510-00259212": "ministry. I want to invite you to sow your first fruits into this ministry, as the Lord leads you", "fHReyAkTzfc-00384-00259212-00259817": "and guides you. If God has been good to you, if God has been growing you spiritually through our", "fHReyAkTzfc-00385-00259817-00260364": "ministry, the Scripture says to share with those that share God's word with us. We have a vision,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00386-00260364-00260940": "and that is to release a lot of e-courses to help Christians around the world. We release them free", "fHReyAkTzfc-00387-00260940-00261588": "of charge because of your partnership in giving. We release our books, our PDFs, reading plans,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00388-00261588-00262308": "blogs, audio content, video content. Our vision is to reach the world globally and disciple them", "fHReyAkTzfc-00389-00262308-00262776": "digitally, and because of your partnership, we are able to do this. So thank you for those of", "fHReyAkTzfc-00390-00262776-00263316": "you who have partnered. Thank you for those of you who have given before, and we are inviting you,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00391-00263394-00263970": "for those who have never done this to partner with us today. Make a decision. May this be the", "fHReyAkTzfc-00392-00263970-00264576": "year where you develop holy habits, and one of those holy habits is giving, is praying,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00393-00264576-00265440": "is fasting, and is memorizing the Scripture, amen. So bless that, and somebody, Brenda is saying,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00394-00265440-00266082": "\"How can I join your Saturday deliverance?\" So you have to go through the deliverance prayers", "fHReyAkTzfc-00395-00266082-00266754": "on my school, which I think from my understanding, that the a week before this, they already cut off", "fHReyAkTzfc-00396-00266754-00267288": "the line. Meaning that people can only go for the next one already. So we do it every single", "fHReyAkTzfc-00397-00267288-00267720": "month. So go through that and then you should be able to receive an email with the next digital", "fHReyAkTzfc-00398-00267720-00268158": "deliverance. Or you can come to our in-person deliverance service which happens this Sunday.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00399-00268440-00269130": "Amen. So I'm gonna stay for about three more minutes and then I have to go and preach", "fHReyAkTzfc-00400-00269286-00269958": "somewhere else today. Can't wait to see you guys this Sunday. Both on live stream", "fHReyAkTzfc-00401-00269958-00270654": "or on our in-person service. Alexander, thank you for your donation on YouTube as well as.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00402-00270930-00271788": "Yolanda, God bless you and God bless every person that is becoming a partner on the website ,or", "fHReyAkTzfc-00403-00271788-00272250": "that's giving through PayPal, or is giving through cashapp or venmo. We really appreciate you guys.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00404-00272250-00272844": "And I hope that this teaching today brought a lot of encouragement to you guys and to also", "fHReyAkTzfc-00405-00272844-00273648": "brought breakthrough in your life, amen. God bless you. Please drop the link for giving. Graceland,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00406-00273648-00274296": "let's drop the link for giving and pin it to the top as well. Yeah, so a link is pinned already. So", "fHReyAkTzfc-00407-00274296-00274998": "links are pinned to the top, yeah. So just check that. What is the address of your church? So our", "fHReyAkTzfc-00408-00274998-00275628": "address is 3203 West Sylvester, Pasco, Washington. Go to hungrygen.com for more information or go on", "fHReyAkTzfc-00409-00275628-00276030": "my website, under events, and you will see where I'm preaching and the address to that.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00410-00276480-00277122": "Amen. Love you all. See you tomorrow at nine o'clock again. So tomorrow we will be doing at", "fHReyAkTzfc-00411-00277122-00277638": "nine o'clock. I will be streaming at nine o'clock tomorrow, on Friday nine o'clock,", "fHReyAkTzfc-00412-00277638-00278130": "on Saturday nine o'clock and most likely Saturday night as well. And", "fHReyAkTzfc-00413-00278130-00278730": "on Sunday morning we are streaming to HungryGen. I'm gonna let you guys know", "fHReyAkTzfc-00414-00278730-00279282": "tomorrow and Saturday about HungryGen, where to watch so that you guys don't miss it, amen.", "fHReyAkTzfc-00415-00279420-00280272": "All right. Bless you. Email again for testimonies? hungrygen.com/testimonies. Mucho gracias", "fHReyAkTzfc-00416-00280272-00280674": "everybody, and I will see you again tomorrow at 9 00 a.m. We'll spend a little bit more time."}}, {"audio_id": "fHTKXbc4458", "text": {"fHTKXbc4458-00000-00000531-00000787": "Hello Everyone!", "fHTKXbc4458-00001-00000787-00001466": "One day a little boy came home after playing in muddy puddles in the yard and asked his", "fHTKXbc4458-00002-00001466-00001766": "mother, \"Who am I, Mom?", "fHTKXbc4458-00003-00001766-00002222": "His mother, pretending not to recognize him, replied, \"I don't know!", "fHTKXbc4458-00004-00002222-00002411": "Who are you?\"", "fHTKXbc4458-00005-00002411-00002923": "The boy excitedly cried out, \"Our neighbor was right, Mom!", "fHTKXbc4458-00006-00002923-00003846": "She told me, \"You are so dirty that your own mother wouldn't recognize you!\"", "fHTKXbc4458-00007-00003846-00004591": "The Bible tells us that God is our Abba Father, and His love is tender, warm and intimate.", "fHTKXbc4458-00008-00004591-00005280": "He recognizes all of us, His children, regardless of our conditions, and with great joy, welcomes", "fHTKXbc4458-00009-00005280-00005477": "us back into His Home.", "fHTKXbc4458-00010-00005477-00005577": "Yes.", "fHTKXbc4458-00011-00005577-00006200": "God, our Father, sees us very differently from the way we see ourselves and the way", "fHTKXbc4458-00012-00006200-00006422": "others see us.", "fHTKXbc4458-00013-00006422-00007045": "Humans look at our outward appearances, but God sees our hearts, as the prophet Samuel", "fHTKXbc4458-00014-00007045-00007225": "says, 1 (Samuel 16:7).", "fHTKXbc4458-00015-00007225-00007792": "This is the message from today's gospel as well.", "fHTKXbc4458-00016-00007792-00008447": "Luke (15:1-32), narrates three parables about losing, finding, and rejoicing.", "fHTKXbc4458-00017-00008447-00009085": "According to the text, one day the outcasts of the society, the tax collectors and sinners", "fHTKXbc4458-00018-00009085-00009446": "approached Jesus, eager to hear Him speak.", "fHTKXbc4458-00019-00009446-00010102": "But the Pharisees and scribes were upset that Jesus was associating with such sinful people", "fHTKXbc4458-00020-00010102-00010400": "and even eating with them.", "fHTKXbc4458-00021-00010400-00010714": "So Jesus told them three stories.", "fHTKXbc4458-00022-00010714-00011115": "The first story was about a lost sheep.", "fHTKXbc4458-00023-00011115-00011749": "Jesus described a shepherd who would leave all his sheep in a secure fold in the wilderness", "fHTKXbc4458-00024-00011749-00012010": "and go after a lost sheep.", "fHTKXbc4458-00025-00012010-00012628": "When the shepherd finds the sheep, he puts it on his shoulders, carries it home, and", "fHTKXbc4458-00026-00012628-00013151": "calls his friends and neighbors to come and celebrate with him.", "fHTKXbc4458-00027-00013151-00013693": "In the same way, Jesus said that there will be joy in heaven over one sinner who repents", "fHTKXbc4458-00028-00013693-00014315": "- like the sinners who had come to hear Jesus - than over the ninety nine righteous people", "fHTKXbc4458-00029-00014315-00014928": "- like the Pharisees and scribes who had condemned and judged sinners.", "fHTKXbc4458-00030-00014928-00015441": "The second story was about a lost coin.", "fHTKXbc4458-00031-00015441-00016181": "Again, Jesus talked about how a woman, who had only ten coins, desperately searches for", "fHTKXbc4458-00032-00016181-00016343": "the lost coin.", "fHTKXbc4458-00033-00016343-00016943": "When she finds it she is overjoyed, and calls her friends and neighbors to come and celebrate", "fHTKXbc4458-00034-00016943-00017065": "with her.", "fHTKXbc4458-00035-00017065-00017945": "In the same way, Jesus said that angels will rejoice at the repentance of one sinner.", "fHTKXbc4458-00036-00017945-00018296": "The third story is about a lost son.", "fHTKXbc4458-00037-00018296-00018743": "The loving father is at the center of this story.", "fHTKXbc4458-00038-00018743-00019264": "Even though his younger son went off with his inheritance and squandered the money,", "fHTKXbc4458-00039-00019264-00019531": "the father did not forget his son.", "fHTKXbc4458-00040-00019531-00019781": "He waited for his son to return home.", "fHTKXbc4458-00041-00019781-00020493": "Upon his return, the father, full of love and compassion ran out, embraced him and forgave", "fHTKXbc4458-00042-00020493-00021029": "him even before the son could utter one word of repentance.", "fHTKXbc4458-00043-00021029-00021689": "And then the father invited all his friends to come and celebrate his son's return.", "fHTKXbc4458-00044-00021689-00021970": "But Jesus did not end there.", "fHTKXbc4458-00045-00021970-00022298": "He continued the story with the reaction of the elder son.", "fHTKXbc4458-00046-00022298-00022846": "When the elder son learned that his brother had returned, and that his father was throwing", "fHTKXbc4458-00047-00022846-00023867": "a party for him, he became resentful, judgmental, envious, hostile, bitter, angry and self-righteous,", "fHTKXbc4458-00048-00023867-00024420": "and refused to enter his father's house to join in the celebration.", "fHTKXbc4458-00049-00024420-00024890": "But his father came outside to plead with him to go in.", "fHTKXbc4458-00050-00024890-00025421": "The elder son complained to his father that he had always been faithful and obedient throughout", "fHTKXbc4458-00051-00025421-00026177": "the years, but his father had never given him any party for him and his friends.", "fHTKXbc4458-00052-00026177-00026689": "Even though when the father had pointed out to his eldest son that all that he had belonged", "fHTKXbc4458-00053-00026689-00027130": "to him, there was no response from the son.", "fHTKXbc4458-00054-00027130-00027339": "The end of the story is missing.", "fHTKXbc4458-00055-00027339-00027962": "It is an obvious illustration of the behavior of the Pharisees and scribes who did not believe", "fHTKXbc4458-00056-00027962-00028320": "in Jesus and His gospel till the end.", "fHTKXbc4458-00057-00028320-00029000": "What lessons can we learn many from this gospel?", "fHTKXbc4458-00058-00029000-00029993": "A sheep is valuable, money is more valuable, but for God we are the most valuable of all", "fHTKXbc4458-00059-00029993-00030470": "because we are his children made in His image.", "fHTKXbc4458-00060-00030470-00031039": "God sees our souls as the most valuable in the world and He does not want our souls to", "fHTKXbc4458-00061-00031039-00031247": "perish.", "fHTKXbc4458-00062-00031247-00032152": "God, our Father, loves us so much that He gives us freedom to make our own decisions.", "fHTKXbc4458-00063-00032152-00032781": "Sometimes we insist on doing things our own way, and run away from God's presence.", "fHTKXbc4458-00064-00032781-00033366": "God, our Father, is all mercy and love.", "fHTKXbc4458-00065-00033366-00033703": "He always patiently and lovingly waits for us.", "fHTKXbc4458-00066-00033703-00034247": "It doesn't matter what we have done or how much wrong we have done.", "fHTKXbc4458-00067-00034247-00034752": "He does not wait to condemn us or punish us when we return but rather He waits for an", "fHTKXbc4458-00068-00034752-00035306": "opportunity to run to us, and greet us with a kiss to welcome us back.", "fHTKXbc4458-00069-00035306-00036190": "God, our Father, welcomes us back when we truly repent and return to Him.", "fHTKXbc4458-00070-00036190-00036753": "He welcomes us as his children into His house, and supplies us with all our needs.", "fHTKXbc4458-00071-00036753-00037008": "He fills our life with good things.", "fHTKXbc4458-00072-00037008-00037280": "He satisfies our every longing.", "fHTKXbc4458-00073-00037280-00037802": "He heals our hurts and replaces our sorrows with joy.", "fHTKXbc4458-00074-00037802-00038556": "God, our Father, extends His care and compassion to both the righteous and sinners alike.", "fHTKXbc4458-00075-00038556-00038866": "He wants everyone to come to the party.", "fHTKXbc4458-00076-00038866-00039516": "He wants us to set aside our self-righteousness and, with humility, accept His unconditional", "fHTKXbc4458-00077-00039516-00040258": "love and rejoice over others who have returned to receive His graces and blessings.", "fHTKXbc4458-00078-00040258-00040952": "God, our Father, gives us another great opportunity today to go back to Him.", "fHTKXbc4458-00079-00040952-00041549": "We do not have to wait until we live a perfect life, to return to Him.", "fHTKXbc4458-00080-00041549-00042247": "Let us, like the Prodigal Son, arise and go back to our Father.", "fHTKXbc4458-00081-00042247-00042371": "Amen.", "fHTKXbc4458-00082-00042371-00042434": "God Bless You!"}}, {"audio_id": "fHTNJsbWx4c", "text": {"fHTNJsbWx4c-00000-00000003-00000321": "It's almost taboo to talk bad about charity because you have all these", "fHTNJsbWx4c-00001-00000321-00000813": "people that are taking a lower salary so that they can actually contribute and", "fHTNJsbWx4c-00002-00000813-00001194": "make the world a better place. But then at the same time,", "fHTNJsbWx4c-00003-00001194-00001718": "I would argue that they're working in a broken system. It's unfortunate but the", "fHTNJsbWx4c-00004-00001718-00002262": "incentive alignment that happens in the charity space, it's broken.", "fHTNJsbWx4c-00005-00002262-00002792": "People trying to make the world a better  place have to fight against that system.", "fHTNJsbWx4c-00006-00002793-00003234": "It's a little taboo to talk about but I just want to make sure that everyone", "fHTNJsbWx4c-00007-00003234-00003596": "understands that the people that are in the charity world are doing amazing work.", "fHTNJsbWx4c-00008-00003596-00004196": "But the system is totally misaligned. There's a few main points. Number one.", "fHTNJsbWx4c-00009-00004196-00004655": "The people who contribute value to the system are poorly rewarded and in fact", "fHTNJsbWx4c-00010-00004655-00005166": "sometimes they're not rewarded at all,  especially donors. In a normal world,", "fHTNJsbWx4c-00011-00005166-00005691": "when you invest in a startup, you're putting in money and then you", "fHTNJsbWx4c-00012-00005691-00006185": "reap huge rewards for the value that's created. But in the charity world, you put", "fHTNJsbWx4c-00013-00006185-00006738": "in money and you get nothing. That's a huge fail. Also just in general, they're", "fHTNJsbWx4c-00014-00006738-00007206": "not really creating communities. The charitable system as it is today,", "fHTNJsbWx4c-00015-00007206-00007725": "the best bet is to start basically the same corporate business entity that a", "fHTNJsbWx4c-00016-00007725-00008283": "start-up would use. But then, these corporate charities, the goal is to grow", "fHTNJsbWx4c-00017-00008283-00008802": "grow grow, find a way to create income streams and revenue streams, and get as", "fHTNJsbWx4c-00018-00008802-00009354": "big as possible. Which is great except when you're actually trying to make the", "fHTNJsbWx4c-00019-00009354-00009632": "world a better place you're  trying to solve a problem, you're", "fHTNJsbWx4c-00020-00009632-00010136": "not trying to just grow in and do the normal business strategies.", "fHTNJsbWx4c-00021-00010826-00011032": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "fI6sK611_4u", "text": {"fI6sK611_4u-00000-00000028-00000311": "It looks like they don't want women being able to wear whatever they want.", "fI6sK611_4u-00001-00000608-00000911": "They want them all to be... wearing what they want.", "fI6sK611_4u-00002-00001172-00001372": "The Burkini being banned in French beaches", "fI6sK611_4u-00003-00001434-00001918": "I think it's kind of a way of France trying to force secularism onto people", "fI6sK611_4u-00004-00001973-00002266": "Instead of letting them maintain their identity", "fI6sK611_4u-00005-00002294-00002462": "You know, there are nuns that go to the beach", "fI6sK611_4u-00006-00002466-00002764": "I'm sure there are nuns in France. And I'm sure they're not forcing them to wear bikinis", "fI6sK611_4u-00007-00002824-00003328": "Muslims are in the target of French for like... a lot of years now", "fI6sK611_4u-00008-00003402-00003622": "There is really more hidden behind that.", "fI6sK611_4u-00009-00003622-00004046": "And I think some elements of secular life feels threatened by us", "fI6sK611_4u-00010-00004198-00004620": "So the word hijab actually means to block one's view.", "fI6sK611_4u-00011-00004620-00004818": "That's what the word literally means.", "fI6sK611_4u-00012-00004818-00005469": "So a curtain that you draw across your window, that's a hijab, but it's come to mean covering up", "fI6sK611_4u-00013-00005469-00005903": "because when we cover up our sexuality, we're blocking that view.", "fI6sK611_4u-00014-00005903-00006270": "Islam tells people that they should ... for women especially", "fI6sK611_4u-00015-00006276-00006645": "they have to cover their hair, most of their bodies", "fI6sK611_4u-00016-00006645-00007094": "You know, just maintain the modesty so that people don't look at you as a sexual figure", "fI6sK611_4u-00017-00007094-00007445": "I have a strong opinion about being forced to cover myself", "fI6sK611_4u-00018-00007519-00007834": "I think that I'll cover myself if I want to.", "fI6sK611_4u-00019-00007834-00008362": "My name is Tanzila Ahmed and I'm an activist, a writer and a podcaster.", "fI6sK611_4u-00020-00008362-00008926": "This idea of shame and this idea of women having to look a certain way or dress a certain way", "fI6sK611_4u-00021-00008926-00009216": "is really a product of patriarchy.", "fI6sK611_4u-00022-00009314-00009830": "I was raised with a lot of shame, right, like to cover myself up and to not show my legs", "fI6sK611_4u-00023-00009830-00010118": "and my arms. And so I actually never learned to swim because of that", "fI6sK611_4u-00024-00010306-00010765": "I decided to cover myself more than 10 years ago now.", "fI6sK611_4u-00025-00010765-00011389": "The wetsuit is usually super tight and there is a lot of Muslim women who doesn't want", "fI6sK611_4u-00026-00011389-00011734": "to wear tight clothes.", "fI6sK611_4u-00027-00011776-00011960": "I know there's a stereotype, I understand that", "fI6sK611_4u-00028-00011960-00012222": "But people need to understand that is a stereotype", "fI6sK611_4u-00029-00012290-00012706": "And the majority of Muslim women are not forced to cover up. They choose to do so", "fI6sK611_4u-00030-00012750-00013152": "I think women should feel free to wear whatever they want no matter where they are in the world", "fI6sK611_4u-00031-00013208-00013369": "That's how Splashgear was started", "fI6sK611_4u-00032-00013369-00013586": "At one point I was not a religious Muslim", "fI6sK611_4u-00033-00013608-00013812": "And then I became a religious Muslim woman", "fI6sK611_4u-00034-00013816-00014140": "and then I decided to cover and abide by the Islamic dress code", "fI6sK611_4u-00035-00014140-00014486": "I never set out saying \"Let's ban the bikini\"", "fI6sK611_4u-00036-00014846-00015044": "I always love to be in the water.", "fI6sK611_4u-00037-00015044-00015409": "Since I'm a kid, I follow, like, swimming courses and stuff like that.", "fI6sK611_4u-00038-00015409-00016013": "When I decided to cover myself and to put my hijab on, then I couldn't stop going to the beach", "fI6sK611_4u-00039-00016082-00016474": "Women who are modesty conscious have been invisible and I don't think that people realize", "fI6sK611_4u-00040-00016474-00016718": "that, yeah, they wanna play, they want to participate.", "fI6sK611_4u-00041-00016718-00017104": "They have to go to water therapy as well, just like everybody else, but they want to", "fI6sK611_4u-00042-00017104-00017215": "do it on their own terms.", "fI6sK611_4u-00043-00017215-00017371": "They want to do it with more coverage.", "fI6sK611_4u-00044-00017371-00017631": "You know, you come to the beach, you could dress with...with burkini.", "fI6sK611_4u-00045-00017631-00017854": "You could dress in a bikini.", "fI6sK611_4u-00046-00017854-00017954": "So as you like."}}, {"audio_id": "fIkKG07iIGg", "text": {"fIkKG07iIGg-00000-00000800-00001384": "these cubs are the latest additions to the largest group of captive giant pandas in the", "fIkKG07iIGg-00001-00001384-00002112": "world around seven months old they were bred in a desperate bid to save the species from extinction", "fIkKG07iIGg-00002-00002512-00003384": "but there are still too few pandas as the mating season begins at least 15 more cabs", "fIkKG07iIGg-00003-00003384-00004384": "must be conceived this year alone if the species is to survive and time is not on their side", "fIkKG07iIGg-00004-00006480-00007104": "china's conservation and research center was set up at wulong in sichuan province in the 1980s", "fIkKG07iIGg-00005-00007104-00007328": "at a critical time for wild pandas", "fIkKG07iIGg-00006-00007831-00008184": "their precious bamboo began to flower and became inedible", "fIkKG07iIGg-00007-00010944-00011504": "the work seemed straightforward the plan was to rescue starving wild pandas", "fIkKG07iIGg-00008-00011504-00011696": "and then breed more pandas from them", "fIkKG07iIGg-00009-00012048-00012440": "but this seemingly simple task took a long time to achieve", "fIkKG07iIGg-00010-00012496-00014184": "and it wasn't until 20 years later that wu long witnessed the fruits of successful breeding", "fIkKG07iIGg-00011-00014847-00015344": "in 2006 a record-breaking 18 panda cabs were produced", "fIkKG07iIGg-00012-00015552-00016576": "the following year another 14 panda cabs were born there are now more than 60 pandas at the centre", "fIkKG07iIGg-00013-00016576-00016984": "and another 80 live at zoos and research centers in china and abroad", "fIkKG07iIGg-00014-00019240-00019688": "but even though wu long is full to capacity there still aren't enough", "fIkKG07iIGg-00015-00021912-00022584": "foreign", "fIkKG07iIGg-00016-00023328-00024208": "so the race goes on contrary to popular belief wild pandas breed as easily as any other bear", "fIkKG07iIGg-00017-00024312-00024760": "but captive pandas have always been a problem even here at wulong", "fIkKG07iIGg-00018-00025096-00025632": "only about a quarter of pandas are able to go into easteros naturally and only one in", "fIkKG07iIGg-00019-00025632-00026320": "ten male pandas are able to mate naturally and they have precious little time to do so", "fIkKG07iIGg-00020-00026552-00026783": "obviously they show more", "fIkKG07iIGg-00021-00029432-00029832": "as this year's meeting season starts at wulong the pressure mounts", "fIkKG07iIGg-00022-00030024-00030480": "it's almost the end of march there are 16 females already in easteros", "fIkKG07iIGg-00023-00030688-00031344": "merely three mating males only eight breeding pens available and just a few days to get the job done", "fIkKG07iIGg-00024-00031695-00031856": "and those aren't the only problems", "fIkKG07iIGg-00025-00032295-00033784": "pandas are just as particular about their partners as humans", "fIkKG07iIGg-00026-00035712-00036264": "and saving the species can sometimes be swatted by the simple fact that some pandas", "fIkKG07iIGg-00027-00036264-00036584": "can't stand the sight of each other", "fIkKG07iIGg-00028-00039160-00039896": "it's day one of wulong's annual breeding bonanza on the male team are three wild caught pandas", "fIkKG07iIGg-00029-00039896-00040520": "wu gung ling ling and of course wulong's star stud lulu", "fIkKG07iIGg-00030-00040752-00041280": "their wild genes are crucial to the breeding programme as many of the females are captive bred", "fIkKG07iIGg-00031-00041824-00042360": "the three males are expected to serve as all the females currently in eastress but the", "fIkKG07iIGg-00032-00042360-00042896": "limited number of breeding pens means there's only room for five females at any one time", "fIkKG07iIGg-00033-00043096-00043776": "they constantly have to be moved into position in and out of different pens while the males stay put", "fIkKG07iIGg-00034-00044912-00045216": "one of the first females to show signs of readiness", "fIkKG07iIGg-00035-00045216-00045624": "is thirteen-year-old fefe whose name means concubine", "fIkKG07iIGg-00036-00045960-00046384": "she makes her feelings and heightened hormonal state as plain as her name", "fIkKG07iIGg-00037-00048192-00048744": "as in any proper relationship the couple have to be formally introduced before matters can", "fIkKG07iIGg-00038-00048744-00049504": "be taken any further wu gong as the first potential suitor is kept indoors initially", "fIkKG07iIGg-00039-00049504-00050584": "so that both parties can have a risk-free mutual assessment", "fIkKG07iIGg-00040-00051440-00052016": "makes it impossible for anyone to ignore except it seems woo gung", "fIkKG07iIGg-00041-00052167-00053384": "his mind is clearly focused on higher things such as his stomach", "fIkKG07iIGg-00042-00054616-00055320": "um but fife simply doesn't have the luxury of waiting for wu gong to finish his dinner", "fIkKG07iIGg-00043-00055728-00056024": "her estrogen level is peaking and will soon dip again", "fIkKG07iIGg-00044-00056088-00056536": "she will be at her most fertile and must find a more reliable mate quickly", "fIkKG07iIGg-00045-00058936-00059536": "but the first problem is to get lulu indoors before fife can safely enter his den", "fIkKG07iIGg-00046-00060104-00060504": "a seemingly simple task but lulu has other ideas", "fIkKG07iIGg-00047-00060920-00061584": "in the wild the higher a male leaves his mark the stronger and more virile he's considered", "fIkKG07iIGg-00048-00061584-00063184": "and the more attractive he is to the ladies", "fIkKG07iIGg-00049-00063584-00064000": "with lulu safely indoors it's time to introduce fifi", "fIkKG07iIGg-00050-00064367-00064936": "at first sight it seems that lulu like wu gong isn't at all interested in fifi", "fIkKG07iIGg-00051-00065079-00065984": "but the keeper's experience tells a different story", "fIkKG07iIGg-00052-00067680-00068112": "it may be early for the adults but for the products of last year's meeting", "fIkKG07iIGg-00053-00068112-00068264": "it's well past their bedtime", "fIkKG07iIGg-00054-00068504-00070184": "note that many of the cubs make a distinction between sleep and activity", "fIkKG07iIGg-00055-00070792-00071584": "uh", "fIkKG07iIGg-00056-00076928-00077304": "as evening draws on fifa's hormone level peaks", "fIkKG07iIGg-00057-00077304-00077800": "and as it begins to fall the pressure is on for one of the male pandas to perform", "fIkKG07iIGg-00058-00078576-00079064": "despite his earlier lack of interest the keepers decide to give wu gung another goal", "fIkKG07iIGg-00059-00079304-00079512": "at first things seem to be going well", "fIkKG07iIGg-00060-00079824-00080120": "but then wu gong seems to lose all sense of direction", "fIkKG07iIGg-00061-00080712-00081384": "fifi in turn loses patience with him and vents her frustration", "fIkKG07iIGg-00062-00082104-00082784": "disappointed keepers take an even more disappointed fifi back to her own pain", "fIkKG07iIGg-00063-00083008-00084184": "it's time to bring lulu in again", "fIkKG07iIGg-00064-00084272-00084584": "to everyone's relief not least fey phase", "fIkKG07iIGg-00065-00084584-00085584": "tonight's meeting is a success copulation lasts a highly satisfactory six minutes and 29 seconds", "fIkKG07iIGg-00066-00086320-00086984": "oh", "fIkKG07iIGg-00067-00087224-00088384": "oh", "fIkKG07iIGg-00068-00088808-00089784": "so", "fIkKG07iIGg-00069-00093752-00093984": "back", "fIkKG07iIGg-00070-00094752-00095384": "having been up most of the night lulu is in need of a little rest and recuperation", "fIkKG07iIGg-00071-00095544-00095880": "wu gong however still has a healthy appetite", "fIkKG07iIGg-00072-00096544-00096992": "but his lackluster performance the previous day has serious implications", "fIkKG07iIGg-00073-00097192-00097496": "half of the centre's female pandas estrogen levels", "fIkKG07iIGg-00074-00097496-00098184": "are now peaking they need to be mated soon or there won't be enough pandas next year", "fIkKG07iIGg-00075-00098640-00099256": "they cannot rely solely on lulu despite his successful track record because", "fIkKG07iIGg-00076-00099256-00099704": "they must introduce more males to the breeding group and widen the gene pool", "fIkKG07iIGg-00077-00100832-00100984": "out", "fIkKG07iIGg-00078-00102304-00102648": "the third male on the team is introduced to southsau", "fIkKG07iIGg-00079-00103592-00105183": "but things don't quite work out he appears no more adept at mating than wu gung", "fIkKG07iIGg-00080-00106511-00106688": "reinforcements are required", "fIkKG07iIGg-00081-00106920-00107224": "they come in the shape of chongqing whose name", "fIkKG07iIGg-00082-00107224-00108024": "means strong he's actually a 21 year old male panda in the process of losing his teeth and hair", "fIkKG07iIGg-00083-00108272-00108568": "chong chang might not seem an ideal solution to the problem", "fIkKG07iIGg-00084-00108624-00109296": "but he's not expected to perform in the same way as the other males with the female panda's", "fIkKG07iIGg-00085-00109296-00109959": "biological clocks ticking away chung chung has a more indirect but vital role to play", "fIkKG07iIGg-00086-00110208-00110735": "his semen has just been collected in the hospital and while he recovers from the anesthetic", "fIkKG07iIGg-00087-00110735-00111104": "his contribution to the breeding programme will be put to good use", "fIkKG07iIGg-00088-00111424-00112224": "as has happened many times before chongqing has been a vital if unwitting participant", "fIkKG07iIGg-00089-00112224-00113583": "in the plan to save the planet's precious pandas", "fIkKG07iIGg-00090-00116583-00117168": "fife having been successfully mated with lulu will now undergo artificial insemination", "fIkKG07iIGg-00091-00117424-00117824": "many of the breeding females at wulong are artificially inseminated", "fIkKG07iIGg-00092-00117824-00118008": "as well as being mated naturally", "fIkKG07iIGg-00093-00118856-00119240": "twins have played a crucial part in reaching wulong's breeding target", "fIkKG07iIGg-00094-00119240-00119408": "and making it a success story", "fIkKG07iIGg-00095-00120096-00120583": "before fifi can undergo artificial insemination she needs to be anaesthetised", "fIkKG07iIGg-00096-00120752-00121128": "she must be thoroughly checked over and most importantly weighed", "fIkKG07iIGg-00097-00121128-00121983": "to ensure that the right amount of anesthetic is administered", "fIkKG07iIGg-00098-00122992-00123383": "foreign", "fIkKG07iIGg-00099-00124320-00124632": "once sedated she's raced to the hospital", "fIkKG07iIGg-00100-00124632-00125024": "so that the artificial insemination can be completed before she wakes up", "fIkKG07iIGg-00101-00125480-00125728": "the calculations were apparently wrong", "fIkKG07iIGg-00102-00125880-00126496": "but for safety they aired on the side of caution too little is better than too much", "fIkKG07iIGg-00103-00127032-00127368": "the artificial insemination is completed and fefe", "fIkKG07iIGg-00104-00127368-00127728": "is put in a quiet enclosure away from the breeding pens", "fIkKG07iIGg-00105-00127976-00128583": "they won't know for sure if it was successful until late summer when the birthing season begins", "fIkKG07iIGg-00106-00128935-00129304": "many of the other females in the block are also stimulated", "fIkKG07iIGg-00107-00129304-00129528": "by the comings and goings in the other pens", "fIkKG07iIGg-00108-00129744-00130072": "she she starts chirping and moaning very loudly", "fIkKG07iIGg-00109-00130072-00130559": "and it's decided to try wu gong to see if she is more his type than fifi", "fIkKG07iIGg-00110-00131640-00132352": "she she is visibly irritated by wu gung's apparent incompetence she turns on him", "fIkKG07iIGg-00111-00132672-00133184": "then wu gong suddenly reveals another side to his character", "fIkKG07iIGg-00112-00133344-00134584": "perhaps he's not the apathetic passive panda he appears to be", "fIkKG07iIGg-00113-00135416-00135848": "despite his outburst the keepers know wugong's true character", "fIkKG07iIGg-00114-00135848-00136264": "and easily tempt him away from she she with his real interest in life", "fIkKG07iIGg-00115-00136760-00137384": "lulu meanwhile is being reacquainted with his very first love yin-yang", "fIkKG07iIGg-00116-00137488-00138176": "like lulu she was a wild caught panda but at eight years older more mature and experienced", "fIkKG07iIGg-00117-00138560-00139024": "but lulu's lost that loving feeling and shows absolutely no interest", "fIkKG07iIGg-00118-00139520-00140184": "disappointed they move her through to wu gong", "fIkKG07iIGg-00119-00140464-00140552": "but no joy", "fIkKG07iIGg-00120-00140968-00141584": "aware that yin yang's hormone level has peaked and is dropping there's a sense of urgency", "fIkKG07iIGg-00121-00142112-00142984": "but persisting with lulu backfires horribly", "fIkKG07iIGg-00122-00143192-00143480": "it may look frightening but the keepers aren't worried", "fIkKG07iIGg-00123-00143936-00144344": "the centre's director is also unperturbed by the violence", "fIkKG07iIGg-00124-00144344-00145784": "and points to an even more logical explanation for the aggression", "fIkKG07iIGg-00125-00147000-00147184": "foreign", "fIkKG07iIGg-00126-00150352-00150728": "perhaps best illustrated when lingling is introduced to me", "fIkKG07iIGg-00127-00150728-00151384": "ching and the situation becomes even more violent", "fIkKG07iIGg-00128-00152456-00152784": "she races next door to try to get away from him", "fIkKG07iIGg-00129-00153248-00153632": "once safely indoors may change is clearly terrified", "fIkKG07iIGg-00130-00153632-00154008": "but only suffers minor cuts and scratches nothing serious", "fIkKG07iIGg-00131-00155216-00155432": "comparing the behavior of captive pandas", "fIkKG07iIGg-00132-00155432-00155808": "and their wild relatives is an important part of woolong's work", "fIkKG07iIGg-00133-00156648-00157088": "the long-term plan is to release some of wu long's pandas into the wild", "fIkKG07iIGg-00134-00157976-00158280": "one of the reasons there are only eight breeding pens available", "fIkKG07iIGg-00135-00158280-00158848": "out of a possible 10 is because two of the pens are currently being used by the release team", "fIkKG07iIGg-00136-00159328-00159632": "as more and more females start to come into easteros", "fIkKG07iIGg-00137-00159632-00159944": "the breeding team thinks they should have priority over the pens", "fIkKG07iIGg-00138-00162440-00162584": "foreign", "fIkKG07iIGg-00139-00164448-00165016": "once they've successfully reached the target of 300 pandas for a sustainable captive population", "fIkKG07iIGg-00140-00165096-00165720": "the hope is to use those pandas to help reach a sustainable wild population of three thousand", "fIkKG07iIGg-00141-00165944-00166160": "but the centre's director is skeptical", "fIkKG07iIGg-00142-00167864-00168184": "foreign", "fIkKG07iIGg-00143-00171544-00172384": "my", "fIkKG07iIGg-00144-00173152-00173784": "the real problem for wild pandas remains the lack of protected habitat", "fIkKG07iIGg-00145-00173848-00174168": "this is part of that precious protected habitat", "fIkKG07iIGg-00146-00174360-00175184": "850 kilometers northeast of woolong 6 000 feet up in the chinling mountains", "fIkKG07iIGg-00147-00175544-00176016": "on the site of an ancient buddhist temple a team of scientists at the ching ling", "fIkKG07iIGg-00148-00176016-00176584": "giant panda research base have been studying the behavior of wild pandas for more than a decade", "fIkKG07iIGg-00149-00177000-00177312": "the damp climate may be good for bamboo and pandas", "fIkKG07iIGg-00150-00177312-00178192": "but it's not so good for humans trying to study them when there is a break in the", "fIkKG07iIGg-00151-00178192-00179384": "clouds observing the behavior of wild pandas is considered easier here than in sichuan", "fIkKG07iIGg-00152-00182648-00183272": "the density may be higher than in sichuan but there are still only around 60 to 100 pandas", "fIkKG07iIGg-00153-00183272-00183584": "living in an area of around 300 square kilometers", "fIkKG07iIGg-00154-00183832-00184200": "and searching for these elusive wild pandas to study", "fIkKG07iIGg-00155-00184200-00184984": "requires long treks sometimes for several days and climbing thousands of feet", "fIkKG07iIGg-00156-00186304-00186904": "as it wulong it's the spring mating season and the chances of seeing pandas in the wild are increased", "fIkKG07iIGg-00157-00186904-00187224": "because the pandas come down to the lower slopes to mate", "fIkKG07iIGg-00158-00187712-00188064": "until a female is successfully mated a number of males will", "fIkKG07iIGg-00159-00188064-00188312": "congregate wherever she leaves her scent marks", "fIkKG07iIGg-00160-00189152-00189480": "the task of finding and filming giant pandas", "fIkKG07iIGg-00161-00189480-00190048": "is still far from simple but after a long and exhausting climb the sound of", "fIkKG07iIGg-00162-00190048-00190584": "loud bleating and chirping raises hopes of a chance to get close enough to study them", "fIkKG07iIGg-00163-00192592-00192696": "not too close", "fIkKG07iIGg-00164-00192928-00194784": "like any wild bear they're very dangerous especially at a time like this", "fIkKG07iIGg-00165-00195912-00196184": "is", "fIkKG07iIGg-00166-00197200-00197680": "this is a very rare sighting of one of fife's distant wild cousins", "fIkKG07iIGg-00167-00198704-00199200": "from the growls it's obvious the males will have no energy left for fighting", "fIkKG07iIGg-00168-00199200-00199424": "as lulu does with the females in wulong", "fIkKG07iIGg-00169-00200144-00200552": "since the last national survey of panda numbers in 2001", "fIkKG07iIGg-00170-00200552-00201176": "which calculated that there were around 1600 wild pandas scientists here have completed", "fIkKG07iIGg-00171-00201176-00201784": "another survey of a number of reserves and subsequently come up with a very surprising result", "fIkKG07iIGg-00172-00203112-00203672": "the wild panda population might have already reached the magical figure of three thousand", "fIkKG07iIGg-00173-00204088-00204632": "but dr zhang zejun still doesn't consider this to be a sustainable population", "fIkKG07iIGg-00174-00204632-00205984": "and believes that the giant panda remains an endangered species", "fIkKG07iIGg-00175-00206112-00206480": "and even if the future looks a little brighter for pandas", "fIkKG07iIGg-00176-00206480-00207384": "another ominous threat to the survival of the species is emerging", "fIkKG07iIGg-00177-00207992-00209136": "hmm high in the chinling mountains research scientist", "fIkKG07iIGg-00178-00209136-00209680": "hijan bo has been observing the pandas food as closely as the pandas themselves", "fIkKG07iIGg-00179-00210000-00210576": "here they eat around 20 kilos of bamboo every day mainly bashana bamboo", "fIkKG07iIGg-00180-00211080-00211336": "and he's discovered something very worrying", "fIkKG07iIGg-00181-00214152-00214823": "ancient folklore says that when bamboo flowers death and destruction follow and modern science", "fIkKG07iIGg-00182-00214823-00215567": "agrees the bamboo will die within three to five years after flowering then the seeds will drop", "fIkKG07iIGg-00183-00215567-00216216": "into the soil but will take another seven to ten years to germinate and become edible once more", "fIkKG07iIGg-00184-00216616-00217128": "if panda numbers really have risen to three thousand they're now at risk of plummeting", "fIkKG07iIGg-00185-00220928-00221400": "while they struggled to avoid the same fate that befell the pandas and wulong", "fIkKG07iIGg-00186-00221400-00221871": "ultimately scientists here are absolutely clear about what needs to be done", "fIkKG07iIGg-00187-00221871-00222448": "to protect giant pandas whether there are sixteen hundred or as many as three thousand", "fIkKG07iIGg-00188-00222656-00222696": "it wasn't", "fIkKG07iIGg-00189-00224080-00224184": "foreign", "fIkKG07iIGg-00190-00226256-00226984": "foreign", "fIkKG07iIGg-00191-00227792-00228384": "back at wulong they're getting on with the first part of that task making more pandas", "fIkKG07iIGg-00192-00228576-00228848": "it's now april the peak of the breeding season", "fIkKG07iIGg-00193-00228904-00229400": "and as more and more females come into eastress the keepers are under increasing pressure", "fIkKG07iIGg-00194-00229744-00230144": "whether they'll reach this year's target depends a great deal on wu gung", "fIkKG07iIGg-00195-00230216-00231184": "who seems to have no sense of urgency", "fIkKG07iIGg-00196-00232128-00232632": "despite his hopeless history the keepers are encouraged by wu gung's burst of energy", "fIkKG07iIGg-00197-00232632-00233512": "during his earlier encounter with shishi they've decided to reintroduce him to yin ying wu gong", "fIkKG07iIGg-00198-00233512-00234167": "however seems to have reverted to his old ways suffering from an apparent lack of coordination", "fIkKG07iIGg-00199-00234376-00235384": "things seem to be going in ever decreasing circles", "fIkKG07iIGg-00200-00235640-00236112": "as woo gong looks around as if he's desperate for encouragement or support", "fIkKG07iIGg-00201-00236112-00236784": "disappointed keepers decide to cut the meeting short and tempt him away", "fIkKG07iIGg-00202-00237064-00237536": "wugong obviously interprets the apple as sustenance and hangs on", "fIkKG07iIGg-00203-00237984-00238376": "well ying is clearly unimpressed with the entire performance", "fIkKG07iIGg-00204-00239560-00239992": "after yet another disappointment the last chance is the other male in the group", "fIkKG07iIGg-00205-00240167-00240984": "lingling but ling ling isn't being very cooperative", "fIkKG07iIGg-00206-00241384-00241952": "the reason for lingling's obstinate behavior is in the voluptuous shape of a new female in the pens", "fIkKG07iIGg-00207-00242064-00242408": "she may which means happy and lucky girl", "fIkKG07iIGg-00208-00242840-00243471": "she may scent drives lingling crazy and her appeal isn't limited to him", "fIkKG07iIGg-00209-00243648-00244352": "she may appears to be a source of passion and delight to all the boy bears most of all lulu", "fIkKG07iIGg-00210-00244912-00245616": "she successfully mated with both ling ling and lulu in 2006 and subsequently gave birth to twins", "fIkKG07iIGg-00211-00245904-00246392": "but last year she may mysteriously came into eastress six months late", "fIkKG07iIGg-00212-00246480-00246967": "which was a source of concern for the keepers and lulu alike and resulted", "fIkKG07iIGg-00213-00246967-00247367": "in the latter banging against the side of his pen for weeks on end", "fIkKG07iIGg-00214-00247696-00249384": "she may has now returned to a normal cycle and it's having a big impact on all her neighbors", "fIkKG07iIGg-00215-00249544-00250784": "there's something about this panda that drives wild pandas even wilderness", "fIkKG07iIGg-00216-00251432-00252480": "surely even woo gun will find her charms impossible to ignore a last night", "fIkKG07iIGg-00217-00253184-00253456": "with lulu gazing longingly at the love of his life", "fIkKG07iIGg-00218-00253560-00254984": "things between shimei and wu gung follow a familiar path", "fIkKG07iIGg-00219-00255423-00256384": "at one point the rules are even reversed", "fIkKG07iIGg-00220-00256896-00257784": "finally the moment arrives for lovesick lulu to show wu gong how it's done", "fIkKG07iIGg-00221-00257976-00258328": "but instead of leaping on she may in his usual domineering way", "fIkKG07iIGg-00222-00258416-00259184": "lulu romps about with her and they play like small cubs", "fIkKG07iIGg-00223-00259456-00259776": "both behave like mating is just a big game", "fIkKG07iIGg-00224-00260096-00260584": "it's hard to believe that lulu is the same panda that was so aggressive with the other females", "fIkKG07iIGg-00225-00261160-00261496": "she may or may not be the love of his life", "fIkKG07iIGg-00226-00261936-00262288": "their coupling looks likely to succeed without any of the drama", "fIkKG07iIGg-00227-00262288-00262496": "and violence that marred other meetings", "fIkKG07iIGg-00228-00262880-00263144": "but whether their relationship will result in cubs", "fIkKG07iIGg-00229-00263144-00264784": "capable of being released into the wild it's impossible to know", "fIkKG07iIGg-00230-00265024-00265432": "wulong will probably reach the target of 15 pandas this year", "fIkKG07iIGg-00231-00265432-00265720": "in spite of ling ling and wugong's slow start", "fIkKG07iIGg-00232-00266080-00266320": "these are some of their offspring from last year", "fIkKG07iIGg-00233-00266488-00267280": "the cubs early ancestors lived around 2 million years ago their decline is due to us whether", "fIkKG07iIGg-00234-00267280-00267848": "these pandas will become part of a sustainable population and survive for even a fraction", "fIkKG07iIGg-00235-00267848-00268984": "of that time isn't the responsibility of lulu lingling or even wu gong it's also down to us", "fIkKG07iIGg-00236-00270960-00271784": "i'll get you", "fIkKG07iIGg-00237-00272424-00273184": "they just switched spoon positions that's all", "fIkKG07iIGg-00238-00274416-00275984": "he's just rolling our own place no one's fine were you young he's like you hurt me i give up", "fIkKG07iIGg-00239-00280120-00280760": "trees"}}, {"audio_id": "fITCpluUyCu", "text": {"fITCpluUyCu-00000-00000000-00000142": "Hello, dears!", "fITCpluUyCu-00001-00000142-00000728": "Today to celebrate that the channel hit 250 subscribers", "fITCpluUyCu-00002-00000728-00001078": "today we're going to bake a cake", "fITCpluUyCu-00003-00001078-00001156": "so let's go", "fITCpluUyCu-00004-00001244-00001676": "I will put the recipe in the description if you want to use it", "fITCpluUyCu-00005-00001676-00002104": "The first two things to do are", "fITCpluUyCu-00006-00002106-00002486": "mix together the butter and sugar", "fITCpluUyCu-00007-00002486-00002670": "so let's do that", "fITCpluUyCu-00008-00003140-00003642": "I am going to warm (the butter) a little to make mixing easier", "fITCpluUyCu-00009-00003828-00004126": "and then we need the sugar", "fITCpluUyCu-00010-00004456-00004556": "sugar!", "fITCpluUyCu-00011-00005040-00005218": "Here's the sugar", "fITCpluUyCu-00012-00005348-00005532": "in the bowl", "fITCpluUyCu-00013-00005692-00005950": "in the bowl. Good.", "fITCpluUyCu-00014-00006318-00006795": "I'm not sure which", "fITCpluUyCu-00015-00006795-00007152": "tool to mix will be the best", "fITCpluUyCu-00016-00007152-00007634": "So I brought two. Let's try.", "fITCpluUyCu-00017-00008434-00008806": "Good. It's mixed well. It's well mixed.", "fITCpluUyCu-00018-00008806-00009122": "Now I will add two eggs.", "fITCpluUyCu-00019-00009438-00009966": "The recipe says to add one after the other, so that's what I will do.", "fITCpluUyCu-00020-00010388-00010538": "Good, one", "fITCpluUyCu-00021-00010601-00010752": "and now the second", "fITCpluUyCu-00022-00010982-00011382": "I messed up! The shell is in the batter!", "fITCpluUyCu-00023-00011430-00011530": "ha", "fITCpluUyCu-00024-00011556-00011890": "I got it. I got the shell. Don't worry.", "fITCpluUyCu-00025-00011908-00012288": "Good. Now we'll mix. Mixing!", "fITCpluUyCu-00026-00012778-00013288": "Good. The recipe says to use vanilla", "fITCpluUyCu-00027-00013288-00013410": "but I don't have any", "fITCpluUyCu-00028-00013410-00013716": "so I saw on the internet that", "fITCpluUyCu-00029-00013716-00014290": "I can substitute it with syrup", "fITCpluUyCu-00030-00014290-00014508": "so I will try that", "fITCpluUyCu-00031-00014508-00014991": "and I hope that will work well enough", "fITCpluUyCu-00032-00015019-00015310": "but we'll see. Good.", "fITCpluUyCu-00033-00015578-00016028": "So I am adding the syrup", "fITCpluUyCu-00034-00016028-00016346": "instead of vanilla.", "fITCpluUyCu-00035-00016384-00016620": "I hope it'll work.", "fITCpluUyCu-00036-00017202-00017836": "Good, now- now, I will add the flour- the flour.", "fITCpluUyCu-00037-00018386-00018542": "Oh, oh, oh!", "fITCpluUyCu-00038-00018554-00018654": "Look!", "fITCpluUyCu-00039-00018702-00018990": "Perfect! This container is empty!", "fITCpluUyCu-00040-00018990-00019244": "This container emptied out", "fITCpluUyCu-00041-00019304-00019716": "at the perfect- at the perfect... place", "fITCpluUyCu-00042-00019734-00019866": "Awesome. So-", "fITCpluUyCu-00043-00019922-00020418": "We will add the flour.", "fITCpluUyCu-00044-00020514-00020626": "Good.", "fITCpluUyCu-00045-00021510-00022112": "I kinda threw some flour out", "fITCpluUyCu-00046-00022116-00022476": "but doesn't matter. I will clear later.", "fITCpluUyCu-00047-00022512-00022852": "Good? Say yes. Say yes, good.", "fITCpluUyCu-00048-00022890-00023466": "Maybe I didn't choose the best angle for the camera.", "fITCpluUyCu-00049-00023632-00023960": "The flour is strong", "fITCpluUyCu-00050-00023960-00024246": "against everything else in the recipe.", "fITCpluUyCu-00051-00024360-00024677": "The flour does not want to be wet.", "fITCpluUyCu-00052-00024876-00025174": "The flour wants to be DRY", "fITCpluUyCu-00053-00025466-00025976": "but with my mixing, I'm convincing the flour", "fITCpluUyCu-00054-00025976-00026142": "to become wet", "fITCpluUyCu-00055-00026208-00026652": "because I'm a good, uh-", "fITCpluUyCu-00056-00026918-00027277": "convincer?", "fITCpluUyCu-00057-00027277-00027456": "persuader?", "fITCpluUyCu-00058-00027527-00027712": "Does that work?", "fITCpluUyCu-00059-00028622-00029322": "And now I will add the- dang- the baking powder", "fITCpluUyCu-00060-00029664-00030248": "I'm going to use a different spoon to take out the baking powder", "fITCpluUyCu-00061-00030280-00030745": "because I got the other one covered in syrup", "fITCpluUyCu-00062-00030748-00031000": "so I don't want to put it", "fITCpluUyCu-00063-00031068-00031333": "in the container for the baking powder", "fITCpluUyCu-00064-00031352-00031598": "so one and", "fITCpluUyCu-00065-00031668-00031946": "three fourths", "fITCpluUyCu-00066-00032010-00032183": "good", "fITCpluUyCu-00067-00032338-00032828": "that is done, good", "fITCpluUyCu-00068-00033032-00033258": "and mix it!", "fITCpluUyCu-00069-00033806-00034214": "I put almost all of the baking powder in one place", "fITCpluUyCu-00070-00034214-00034710": "so now I have to- UGH- vigorously mix!", "fITCpluUyCu-00071-00034750-00035034": "Good good good good good. Good.", "fITCpluUyCu-00072-00035052-00035526": "The last thing that the recipe says to add", "fITCpluUyCu-00073-00035550-00036068": "is the milk! So now I will add the milk.", "fITCpluUyCu-00074-00037539-00037650": "Seems like", "fITCpluUyCu-00075-00037682-00037922": "seems like", "fITCpluUyCu-00076-00037956-00038218": "the mixture", "fITCpluUyCu-00077-00038218-00038928": "the already mixed things do not like the milk", "fITCpluUyCu-00078-00038928-00039368": "It is not mixing in well", "fITCpluUyCu-00079-00040880-00041278": "Good. The oven is already preheated", "fITCpluUyCu-00080-00041278-00041566": "so the oven is ready", "fITCpluUyCu-00081-00041624-00041880": "and the baking pan is ready", "fITCpluUyCu-00082-00041880-00042496": "so now I just have to put this in", "fITCpluUyCu-00083-00042496-00043008": "the baking pan and we will bake! Okay? Yay!", "fITCpluUyCu-00084-00043178-00044030": "I didn't want to go to buy another different baking pan", "fITCpluUyCu-00085-00044030-00044592": "so I only have one and it is shaped like skulls", "fITCpluUyCu-00086-00044736-00044898": "so that is what I'm using", "fITCpluUyCu-00087-00044977-00045077": "good", "fITCpluUyCu-00088-00048692-00049090": "Now it's time to put it in the oven!", "fITCpluUyCu-00089-00049090-00049366": "Good. *sigh*", "fITCpluUyCu-00090-00049612-00049954": "So, actually I didn't have a good plan", "fITCpluUyCu-00091-00049956-00050474": "about what I would do after baking the little cakes", "fITCpluUyCu-00092-00050492-00050794": "so I had an idea", "fITCpluUyCu-00093-00050794-00051126": "and I will try that now", "fITCpluUyCu-00094-00051132-00051646": "and we'll see how well that goes", "fITCpluUyCu-00095-00051716-00051928": "so... let's go.", "fITCpluUyCu-00096-00051990-00052329": "I will smear the icing", "fITCpluUyCu-00097-00052417-00052644": "on the- ah!", "fITCpluUyCu-00098-00052690-00052790": "on the-", "fITCpluUyCu-00099-00052936-00053079": "cake", "fITCpluUyCu-00100-00053204-00053646": "Ah- the icing is very much more- ah-", "fITCpluUyCu-00101-00053686-00053978": "thick than I expected", "fITCpluUyCu-00102-00054014-00054212": "and it doesn't want to, ah-", "fITCpluUyCu-00103-00054266-00054488": "It doesn't like the cake.", "fITCpluUyCu-00104-00054514-00054824": "AH- So maybe I will wait...", "fITCpluUyCu-00105-00054824-00054974": "Uh- no. No no no no no.", "fITCpluUyCu-00106-00054982-00055524": "We will continue the effort. *laugh*", "fITCpluUyCu-00107-00055886-00056317": "Seems like- seems like the- uh-", "fITCpluUyCu-00108-00056372-00056770": "the icing is the right color", "fITCpluUyCu-00109-00056770-00057144": "That's good, right? That's good, right?", "fITCpluUyCu-00110-00057558-00057824": "Good good good. So now-", "fITCpluUyCu-00111-00057898-00058417": "I will something that- that I am not ah-", "fITCpluUyCu-00112-00058455-00058972": "I am not very confident that this will be, ah-", "fITCpluUyCu-00113-00059012-00059341": "how I want. Good good.", "fITCpluUyCu-00114-00059532-00059936": "so there, there,", "fITCpluUyCu-00115-00060110-00060417": "there- AH, NO!", "fITCpluUyCu-00116-00060758-00061022": "there and there", "fITCpluUyCu-00117-00061022-00061350": "so I cut away *laugh*", "fITCpluUyCu-00118-00061367-00061646": "some- some of the cake", "fITCpluUyCu-00119-00061655-00061794": "and now", "fITCpluUyCu-00120-00061890-00062102": "maybe- maybe-", "fITCpluUyCu-00121-00062165-00062348": "some, ah-", "fITCpluUyCu-00122-00062402-00062502": "well-", "fITCpluUyCu-00123-00062700-00062920": "The hope-", "fITCpluUyCu-00124-00062974-00063191": "the hope- ah-", "fITCpluUyCu-00125-00063340-00063468": "was", "fITCpluUyCu-00126-00063574-00063690": "that I", "fITCpluUyCu-00127-00063762-00064017": "would make, ah-", "fITCpluUyCu-00128-00064176-00064588": "AH *laugh*", "fITCpluUyCu-00129-00064616-00064800": "Does that look, ah-", "fITCpluUyCu-00130-00064929-00065172": "Does that look like a star?", "fITCpluUyCu-00131-00065189-00065354": "Say no *laugh*", "fITCpluUyCu-00132-00065408-00065682": "Say absolutely not.", "fITCpluUyCu-00133-00065682-00065982": "Ah, that's a little better, right?", "fITCpluUyCu-00134-00066034-00066134": "Ah", "fITCpluUyCu-00135-00066280-00066520": "Maybe not- oh, that?!", "fITCpluUyCu-00136-00066712-00067063": "AH! There! There! Here! Here.", "fITCpluUyCu-00137-00067063-00067295": "Star. Here.", "fITCpluUyCu-00138-00067295-00067455": "Our green star.", "fITCpluUyCu-00139-00067528-00067768": "So here is our green star.", "fITCpluUyCu-00140-00067768-00068069": "I am happy that you all are here.", "fITCpluUyCu-00141-00068070-00068544": "and I am happy that the channel is growing well and fast", "fITCpluUyCu-00142-00068544-00069070": "and I am so proud that you all want to watch my videos.", "fITCpluUyCu-00143-00069070-00069268": "If you enjoyed the video,", "fITCpluUyCu-00144-00069268-00069674": "like it, share it, and subscribe to the channel.", "fITCpluUyCu-00145-00069674-00070270": "Comment below if you would eat my green star cake.", "fITCpluUyCu-00146-00070336-00070784": "I hope to see you again in the future.", "fITCpluUyCu-00147-00070784-00070908": "Bye!"}}, {"audio_id": "fJjQyIafnYI", "text": {"fJjQyIafnYI-00000-00000062-00000289": "- Now we're going to do the mesencephalon.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00001-00000291-00000710": "The mesencephalon-- I'm going to--", "fJjQyIafnYI-00002-00000712-00001010": "cephalon--", "fJjQyIafnYI-00003-00001012-00001431": "is actually part of your brainstem.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00004-00001433-00001672": "So we can see--", "fJjQyIafnYI-00005-00001675-00001864": "the structures that we are going to learn as part", "fJjQyIafnYI-00006-00001866-00002372": "of the mesencephalon are visible in this little brainstem view.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00007-00002375-00002839": "Remember, that the superior part is not mesencephalon.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00008-00002841-00002997": "That's actually the thalamus", "fJjQyIafnYI-00009-00002999-00003297": "which came from the diencephalon.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00010-00003300-00003460": "But there is a structure", "fJjQyIafnYI-00011-00003462-00004210": "that you can see here that's called cerebral peduncles.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00012-00004212-00004397": "And that is--", "fJjQyIafnYI-00013-00004399-00004897": "basically the cerebral peduncles connect to the thalamus", "fJjQyIafnYI-00014-00004899-00005301": "and are actually kind of holding--", "fJjQyIafnYI-00015-00005304-00005426": "or they are connected to the other", "fJjQyIafnYI-00016-00005429-00005622": "two structures that we are going to learn.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00017-00005625-00005897": "So the cerebral peduncles are part of the mesencephalon.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00018-00005899-00006176": "In addition we have two--", "fJjQyIafnYI-00019-00006179-00006597": "well, actually, it looks like there are four of them.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00020-00006599-00007222": "There are little bumps on the dorsal aspect of the--", "fJjQyIafnYI-00021-00007225-00007485": "id if you guys can see it. I'm going to undo that one", "fJjQyIafnYI-00022-00007487-00007597": "because I kind of covered it over.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00023-00007599-00007797": "Let's see if yellow works.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00024-00007800-00008026": "Ah, nice. Do you see this little--", "fJjQyIafnYI-00025-00008029-00008422": "how these guys look like little-- a little \"B.?\"", "fJjQyIafnYI-00026-00008425-00008801": "Oh, you can't see that at all, but you get the idea.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00027-00008804-00009047": "There's this little \"B\" shaped structure", "fJjQyIafnYI-00028-00009050-00009568": "and it is a posterior or dorsal structure in the brain.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00029-00009570-00010081": "Right here is my cerebral peduncle.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00030-00010083-00010410": "So that is my cerebral peduncle.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00031-00010412-00010697": "And, again, up here is my thalamus.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00032-00010699-00010939": "The same with this right here. Okay. Are you cool?", "fJjQyIafnYI-00033-00010941-00011068": "Are you kind of oriented", "fJjQyIafnYI-00034-00011070-00011547": "to both my brainstem and my half head?", "fJjQyIafnYI-00035-00011550-00011756": "These guys--", "fJjQyIafnYI-00036-00011758-00011997": "the cerebral peduncles are just holding stuff up.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00037-00011999-00012239": "So-- and of course does anything", "fJjQyIafnYI-00038-00012241-00012393": "just hold anything up in the brain?", "fJjQyIafnYI-00039-00012395-00012547": "There are tracts", "fJjQyIafnYI-00040-00012550-00012914": "of neurons traveling through these structures", "fJjQyIafnYI-00041-00012916-00013205": "and we'll call it good at that.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00042-00013208-00013839": "These guys, number one and number two.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00043-00013841-00013968": "These guys are interesting.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00044-00013970-00014251": "So all told together they make up", "fJjQyIafnYI-00045-00014254-00014676": "a structure called the tectal plate.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00046-00014679-00014876": "And your lab, of course,", "fJjQyIafnYI-00047-00014879-00015085": "does not call it the tectal plate.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00048-00015087-00015631": "Your lab calls it the copora quadrigemina.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00049-00015633-00015935": "Quadrigemina.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00050-00015937-00016697": "We are going to change it to the tectal plate.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00051-00016699-00017131": "The tectal plate consists of ultimately four, one,", "fJjQyIafnYI-00052-00017133-00017426": "two, three, four, structures.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00053-00017429-00018056": "It contains superior--", "fJjQyIafnYI-00054-00018058-00018597": "superior colliculi-- colliculi.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00055-00018599-00019022": "And who? This is easy.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00056-00019025-00019568": "Inferior colliculi.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00057-00019570-00020289": "So there are two inferior colliculi,", "fJjQyIafnYI-00058-00020291-00020797": "and two superior colliculi. Okay.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00059-00020799-00020947": "So here's the thing about these guys.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00060-00020950-00021597": "These guys are awesome. They are reflex integrators.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00061-00021599-00021872": "They receive information.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00062-00021875-00022522": "The superior colliculus receives information from the eyes.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00063-00022525-00022981": "And the inferior colliculus receives information from the--", "fJjQyIafnYI-00064-00022983-00023214": "I need a new color--", "fJjQyIafnYI-00065-00023216-00023776": "from the ears. And here is the scoop.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00066-00023779-00024231": "The information from the eyes goes to the superior colliculi.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00067-00024233-00024597": "And if the information--", "fJjQyIafnYI-00068-00024599-00024918": "like, there's a specific, like,", "fJjQyIafnYI-00069-00024920-00025385": "targeted pattern of this information.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00070-00025387-00025697": "If it matches that pattern", "fJjQyIafnYI-00071-00025699-00026335": "of kind of a peripheral dangerous view,", "fJjQyIafnYI-00072-00026337-00026697": "vision, like a spider crawling down", "fJjQyIafnYI-00073-00026699-00026897": "or falling down from the ceiling,", "fJjQyIafnYI-00074-00026899-00027497": "or a big, dark shape coming at you from the periphery.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00075-00027499-00027826": "Like, you can imagine those things that startle", "fJjQyIafnYI-00076-00027829-00028197": "you if you take sight of them from your periphery.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00077-00028200-00028472": "So much information we're just, like, dude,", "fJjQyIafnYI-00078-00028475-00028701": "we don't even want to start paying attention", "fJjQyIafnYI-00079-00028704-00028976": "to all of the sensory information coming in.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00080-00028979-00029097": "We don't want to take the time", "fJjQyIafnYI-00081-00029099-00029414": "to send something like a spider dropping down", "fJjQyIafnYI-00082-00029416-00029714": "to the thalamus to have it evaluated.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00083-00029716-00030076": "We want to be able to have a response immediately.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00084-00030079-00030297": "So if the information is, like,", "fJjQyIafnYI-00085-00030299-00030643": "that kind of peripheral, scary sensory information,", "fJjQyIafnYI-00086-00030645-00031039": "the superior colliculus processes", "fJjQyIafnYI-00087-00031041-00031589": "that and initiates a response,", "fJjQyIafnYI-00088-00031591-00032222": "a motor response that involves turning your head", "fJjQyIafnYI-00089-00032225-00032605": "and preparing to run away.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00090-00032608-00032781": "Here comes a thing in your periphery.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00091-00032783-00032997": "You turn your head, and you, like, rally.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00092-00032999-00033139": "You get a surge of adrenaline.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00093-00033141-00033510": "You prime yourself to run or to fight.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00094-00033512-00033760": "You respond quickly", "fJjQyIafnYI-00095-00033762-00034076": "and immediately without even thinking about it.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00096-00034079-00034218": "What kind of response--", "fJjQyIafnYI-00097-00034220-00034397": "what kind of stimulus are you responding", "fJjQyIafnYI-00098-00034399-00034747": "to in the inferior colliculus? A sound.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00099-00034750-00034956": "A loud sound like somebody drops some books,", "fJjQyIafnYI-00100-00034958-00035256": "a car backfires, you hear a gunshot.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00101-00035258-00035397": "A firework goes off.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00102-00035399-00035776": "Some sort of loud sound that startles you.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00103-00035779-00035914": "You turn, you jump.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00104-00035916-00036372": "That's coordinated by the inferior colliculi.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00105-00036375-00036539": "How cool is that, dude?", "fJjQyIafnYI-00106-00036541-00036731": "This is so-- it's so interesting", "fJjQyIafnYI-00107-00036733-00036993": "to see where this information goes and then", "fJjQyIafnYI-00108-00036995-00037339": "how the response is generated.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00109-00037341-00037597": "And it's happening in brain structures.", "fJjQyIafnYI-00110-00037600-00037904": "Okay. Metencephalon is next."}}, {"audio_id": "fJozPiZJ2ME", "text": {"fJozPiZJ2ME-00000-00000102-00000375": "Greg Lucier: Well, first of all, I want to compliment Eric", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00001-00000375-00001027": "and Rick for a tour de force in terms of a review of the landscape of what's going on", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00002-00001027-00001157": "in genomics.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00003-00001157-00001721": "And as I stand here, I want to make sure I'm complementing what they say and not being", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00004-00001721-00002248": "repetitive, so I have to be a little quick in terms of what to do.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00005-00002248-00002944": "It reminds me of saying that when I first went skydiving the instructor said, \"Listen,", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00006-00002944-00003400": "if both parachutes don't open, don't worry, you have the rest of your life to figure something", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00007-00003400-00003500": "out.\"", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00008-00003500-00003600": "So --", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00009-00003600-00003700": "[laughter]", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00010-00003700-00003975": "-- in a matter of a couple of seconds here, I'll try to make sure that I can say something", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00011-00003975-00004352": "that I think adds to the body of discussion.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00012-00004352-00004830": "Let me just touch on a few points that I think both of them made quite well, but I can give", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00013-00004830-00005255": "you at least an insider's baseball view of what it all means.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00014-00005255-00006085": "As both Eric and Rick referenced, there has been this very fast rush to miniaturization,", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00015-00006085-00006813": "to faster speeds of sequencing, and to ever lower costs of getting the sequence itself.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00016-00006813-00007297": "And I think both of them did a nice job of giving this metaphor of the computer industry", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00017-00007297-00007897": "moving from mainframes to midframes, where we were probably three or four years ago,", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00018-00007897-00008514": "to now where it's down in that genome exhibit you're seeing basically on a desktop.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00019-00008514-00009081": "And this industry is tracking perfectly to what we saw in the computing industry.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00020-00009081-00009653": "I think what also, though, should be -- maybe I could give you some sense of, is what's", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00021-00009653-00010007": "going on from an industrial perspective to do that.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00022-00010007-00010521": "And the pace of innovation, as has been said, is four times faster than the venerable Moore's", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00023-00010521-00010621": "Law.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00024-00010621-00011236": "And what that then means is really interesting changes inside an organization, a corporation,", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00025-00011236-00011467": "to deliver that rate of innovation.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00026-00011467-00012263": "And so our Ion Torrent team is now comprised of about 500 scientists, they work 24 by 7,", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00027-00012263-00012627": "they have set up their schedules to do that.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00028-00012627-00013169": "They have huddles that are happening every eight hours in terms of reviewing technical", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00029-00013169-00013678": "progress, and so the point I would simply say is that in our organization, and I'm sure", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00030-00013678-00014419": "in our competitors' organizations, the pace of innovation, the method of organizational", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00031-00014419-00015165": "approach is a real advantage, it's here in the United States, and I think it's one of", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00032-00015165-00015781": "the great byproducts that's come out of this Human Genome Project and ultimately this race", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00033-00015781-00016481": "towards creating that iSeq product that Rick challenges us to get to here in the next couple", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00034-00016481-00016645": "of years.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00035-00016645-00017428": "You know, having said that, just to jump down, we believe that there has been an important", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00036-00017428-00017960": "decision made at least by our organization in this technology race.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00037-00017960-00018562": "And there are three broad approaches to how you can do this bridge between the chemical", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00038-00018562-00019061": "world, which is your genome, and the digital world, which is the information of what it", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00039-00019061-00019216": "means.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00040-00019216-00019770": "And the three basic approaches are to use light, or essentially a camera or a laser,", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00041-00019770-00020000": "to take a picture of it.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00042-00020000-00020626": "The second approach would be to thread it through a hole, if you will, and then read", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00043-00020626-00020948": "it as it comes through, a nanopore approach.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00044-00020948-00021450": "Or the third approach is to use transistors or a semiconductor to basically be able to", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00045-00021450-00022170": "read a change in pH, or -- that's what we do here -- onto a transistor, and instantaneously", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00046-00022170-00022804": "then determine what it was: A, T,C, or G. And we chose that approach.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00047-00022804-00023004": "Others have chosen different approaches.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00048-00023004-00023347": "They all have their merits, they all have some consequences.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00049-00023347-00023932": "But they all are driving towards, is that point of miniaturization, faster speeds, lower", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00050-00023932-00024095": "costs.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00051-00024095-00024506": "We're trying to take advantage of $1 trillion that goes into the semiconductor industry", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00052-00024506-00024993": "and is making at a similar breakneck pace.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00053-00024993-00025626": "The other point I'd say in terms of industry ramifications is now the advent of an enormous", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00054-00025626-00026252": "amount of venture capital going into the IT part of the genomics race.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00055-00026252-00026849": "There are probably no fewer than 40 companies that have been funded by various venture capital", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00056-00026849-00027480": "entities to develop companies that will take this amount of information and then turn it", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00057-00027480-00027661": "into something relevant.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00058-00027661-00028158": "And it's a very vibrant part of the industry that we see today, it's very exciting.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00059-00028158-00028531": "And it's very uncertain how it all -- in terms of will be structured.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00060-00028531-00028780": "Who will do these information systems?", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00061-00028780-00029095": "Who will buy these information systems?", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00062-00029095-00029603": "And so -- and it's a truly entrepreneurial phase that we find ourselves in in this genomic", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00063-00029603-00029718": "race going on.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00064-00029718-00030360": "What I'd like to do is just jump down to a few points that maybe I can talk to in terms", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00065-00030360-00030855": "of other aspects of the environment we're in right now of this genomics era.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00066-00030855-00031486": "And I'll just talk to a few of them around policy, funding, and then the practice of", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00067-00031486-00031603": "medicine.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00068-00031603-00032211": "As I was saying the other day, once you can -- once something is possible, then you have", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00069-00032211-00032330": "to do it.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00070-00032330-00032683": "And that's really the discussion going on now, of how do you take this incredible amount", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00071-00032683-00033252": "of science, of research, of technology, and move it into the clinic to do good benefit", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00072-00033252-00033363": "for patients.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00073-00033363-00033849": "And in order for that to happen, you have to create the right commercial environment", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00074-00033849-00033993": "to be in place.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00075-00033993-00034427": "We need the right regulatory framework, we need the right reimbursement framework, because", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00076-00034427-00034884": "we're talking health care, and many of those things aren't quite in place yet today in", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00077-00034884-00035053": "the United States.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00078-00035053-00035438": "They're actually in place in other countries in a far better way.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00079-00035438-00036049": "But here in the United States, we've got some work to do to further clarify, further refine,", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00080-00036049-00036587": "the regulatory environment to allow this commercial diagnostics, this commercial practice of medicine", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00081-00036587-00036802": "to take place.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00082-00036802-00037328": "Specifically in the area of reimbursement, the basic regulatory scheme for reimbursement", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00083-00037328-00037966": "in genomics is actually being leveraged off what was done in an earlier era of clinical", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00084-00037966-00038543": "chemistry; it's completely inappropriate to support the level of work that would get done", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00085-00038543-00038700": "in genomics.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00086-00038700-00039233": "And so right now, quite frankly, the economics aren't so great for running a human genome", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00087-00039233-00039587": "at mass scale at a hospital near you.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00088-00039587-00039797": "And so that has to get rectified.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00089-00039797-00040202": "The other thing that's also in contention right now is just the regulatory framework", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00090-00040202-00040458": "of what can be allowed.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00091-00040458-00040843": "And without overcomplicating it, there are two ways that diagnostic tests get done in", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00092-00040843-00040963": "the United States.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00093-00040963-00041771": "One is directly overseen by the FDA, and the other is done by Medicare or CMS.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00094-00041771-00042224": "And the question is where will these genomic tests ultimately get practiced?", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00095-00042224-00042868": "Will it be in this FDA-regulated environment, or in this Medicare/CMS regulatory environment?", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00096-00042868-00043330": "They are very different, and, quite frankly, there is contention between the two bodies", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00097-00043330-00043525": "that creates complication and uncertainty.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00098-00043525-00044030": "And, as you know, whenever you have uncertainty it's very hard, then, to launch a business", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00099-00044030-00044433": "with more, you know, success.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00100-00044433-00044883": "The one point I would say about how these diagnostic tests will happen in the future", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00101-00044883-00045133": "is something that Eric pointed out.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00102-00045133-00045696": "Up until now, virtually all the gene tests that were done have been monogenic, single", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00103-00045696-00046281": "genes that you're looking for, simple test, and it's a fairly simple approach in terms", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00104-00046281-00046583": "of getting some reimbursement for that.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00105-00046583-00047237": "All the things that both Eric and then Rick talked about are being multigenic are complex,", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00106-00047237-00047933": "require lots of analysis, using very sophisticated IT tools, and are going to be more like how", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00107-00047933-00048333": "a radiologist interprets a image.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00108-00048333-00049016": "And this is going to be much more in the mainstream of medicine, and our current regulatory approach,", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00109-00049016-00049313": "reimbursement approach, doesn't support that.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00110-00049313-00049783": "And so these tests, and then how they have to be treated, are fundamentally different", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00111-00049783-00050049": "as I say, than what was in the past.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00112-00050049-00050515": "Last point I would simply say on policy is just something Rick and Eric both also pointed", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00113-00050515-00051083": "out, it is unfortunate that we find ourselves in this golden era of understanding of what", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00114-00051083-00051654": "it means and what it can do in terms of outcomes for patients, and yet it comes at the very", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00115-00051654-00052115": "same time that we're cutting back funding for the research in this space.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00116-00052115-00052544": "Again, I would point out, other countries are doing just the opposite.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00117-00052544-00052912": "So -- and, you know, the one thing I would like to share with you is actually an image.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00118-00052912-00053191": "This is the breast cancer genome.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00119-00053191-00053541": "It's fitting that we're looking at that given the ruling from the Supreme Court today on", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00120-00053541-00054132": "the Myriad gene patents that center around the BRCA gene, relative and important to breast", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00121-00054132-00054250": "cancer.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00122-00054250-00054872": "But the question I would give to you is, \"What will the doctor of the future look at to determine", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00123-00054872-00055274": "what problem you have genetically, and what can be done then therapeutically to solve", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00124-00055274-00055403": "your problem?\"", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00125-00055403-00055932": "And we spend a lot of time about that in industry thinking about, \"Somebody has to look at this", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00126-00055932-00056445": "information, somebody has to then be able to quickly ascertain what's going on, and", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00127-00056445-00056690": "then render a diagnosis.\"", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00128-00056690-00057171": "And again, this is a fundamentally different workflow in medicine than has been done before,", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00129-00057171-00057716": "and, you know, what I've often said to people, \"This is an image, this is just like an MRI", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00130-00057716-00058283": "or a CAT scan, and there is a medical specialty called radiology in that field that's been", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00131-00058283-00058563": "trained up to look at those images.\"", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00132-00058563-00058936": "That same specialty does not exist in the practice of medicine.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00133-00058936-00059491": "And so we've got some fundamental things to figure out in terms of what is the focal point", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00134-00059491-00060039": "of this new genomic era in medicine because who's going to do the work, and who's going", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00135-00060039-00060351": "to ultimately sit down with the patient and tell them what's going on?", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00136-00060351-00060753": "You know, I don't know if this is quite true, you go do the work to do the final analysis,", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00137-00060753-00061391": "but I've heard that in medical school here circa 2013, you're only getting two to three", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00138-00061391-00061849": "works of training in genomics at the average medical school program today.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00139-00061849-00062017": "That's got to fundamentally change.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00140-00062017-00062253": "It probably has to be flipped on its ear.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00141-00062253-00062761": "So big changes have to come and, you know, in order to really support what we think is", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00142-00062761-00063152": "an incredible era ahead of us.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00143-00063152-00063752": "What I'd just like to finish up with then, to be brief, is talking about what's next.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00144-00063752-00064358": "Our organization is on a fast pace to continue to innovate around this whole idea of reading", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00145-00064358-00064458": "DNA.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00146-00064458-00064765": "Everything we've spoken to you about is about reading DNA.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00147-00064765-00065548": "And yet with its approaching now economics that make mass sequencing possible on many", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00148-00065548-00066161": "fronts, it opens up a whole new chapter in terms of writing DNA, or creating synthetic", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00149-00066161-00066367": "genes or genomes.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00150-00066367-00066949": "And this combination of reading DNA and writing DNA, I think, is going to be a massive economic", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00151-00066949-00067187": "stimulus in the 21st century.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00152-00067187-00067678": "If the 20th century was about the physical sciences, creating of semiconductors and moving", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00153-00067678-00068190": "electrons around, the 21st century is all about the understanding of life, and harnessing", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00154-00068190-00068510": "the ability to read and write DNA.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00155-00068510-00068905": "And you don't have to go very far to think about the possibilities.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00156-00068905-00069556": "The chemical industry is based off of breaking down organic matter, ultimately, into chemicals,", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00157-00069556-00069887": "into plastics and the like.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00158-00069887-00070348": "There is massive move underway in terms of research to create biological pathways in", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00159-00070348-00070643": "microbes to have the same effect.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00160-00070643-00071181": "And when we have this ability to harness the power to read and write DNA, you can transform", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00161-00071181-00071500": "big portions of the chemical industry, as an example.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00162-00071500-00072198": "That will change both the materials industry, change the energy industry, and, you know,", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00163-00072198-00072475": "the possibilities are endless.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00164-00072475-00072927": "And so we're extremely excited not only about the innovation going on in reading DNA, but", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00165-00072927-00073398": "in the case of our organization, we have a very large R&D effort geared up to figure", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00166-00073398-00074103": "out how to write DNA in a very cost-effective way to make these transformations in different", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00167-00074103-00074638": "industries possible, and to bring about this life sciences century here in the 21st century.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00168-00074638-00074803": "Thanks very much.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00169-00074803-00074903": "[applause]", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00170-00074903-00075461": "Larry Thompson: So I just want you to stay for a second.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00171-00075461-00075906": "So what I was going to do was have our three people talking about the use of technology", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00172-00075906-00076437": "to answer questions together, but why don't we see if, does anybody have a burning question", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00173-00076437-00076941": "for Mr. Lucier, and if not, we will skip to the second panel because we are seeming to", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00174-00076941-00077092": "run a bit behind.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00175-00077092-00077451": "Burning question from the reporters, anybody?", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00176-00077451-00077567": "I think you're off the hook, sir.", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00177-00077567-00078132": "What I'd like to do is ask Susan Dillon to come up, she's from Johnson & Johnson, and", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00178-00078132-00078658": "can -- is an immunologist working in this area and using these technologies to figure", "fJozPiZJ2ME-00179-00078658-00079018": "out how to get through the era of actual clinical care."}}, {"audio_id": "fJ_VLNIB5YI", "text": {"fJ_VLNIB5YI-00000-00000100-00000534": "Hi, I’m Amanda Howell, one of UW-Whitewater’s Reference Librarians.", "fJ_VLNIB5YI-00001-00000534-00001069": "Librarians are available to answer your questions 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a", "fJ_VLNIB5YI-00002-00001069-00001169": "year.", "fJ_VLNIB5YI-00003-00001169-00001269": "Don’t believe me?", "fJ_VLNIB5YI-00004-00001269-00001664": "The Andersen Library’s Reference Desk is staffed most of the hours the library is open,", "fJ_VLNIB5YI-00005-00001664-00002106": "and you can call or email us anytime and we’ll get back to your during regular desk hours.", "fJ_VLNIB5YI-00006-00002106-00002625": "There’s also the Ask a Librarian chat service which you can use anytime anywhere for immediate", "fJ_VLNIB5YI-00007-00002625-00002866": "real-time help from a librarian.", "fJ_VLNIB5YI-00008-00002866-00003234": "The Ask a Librarian chat service is staffed by librarians from around the world who are", "fJ_VLNIB5YI-00009-00003234-00003507": "prepared to help you with your research questions.", "fJ_VLNIB5YI-00010-00003507-00003776": "No question is too big or too small.", "fJ_VLNIB5YI-00011-00003776-00004167": "They won’t do your research for you, but they can help jump start your research, remind", "fJ_VLNIB5YI-00012-00004167-00004691": "you of a database title, give you a citation example, or just about anything else.", "fJ_VLNIB5YI-00013-00004691-00005166": "In addition to regular Reference Desk Hours, you can talk to UW-Whitewater’s Reference", "fJ_VLNIB5YI-00014-00005166-00005637": "Librarians Wednesdays from 6-10pm during the fall and spring semesters.", "fJ_VLNIB5YI-00015-00005637-00006114": "Ask a Librarian is located in the upper right corner of Andersen Library web pages and also", "fJ_VLNIB5YI-00016-00006114-00006326": "at the URL on the screen.", "fJ_VLNIB5YI-00017-00006326-00006465": "Stop on by, we can’t wait to help!"}}, {"audio_id": "fJC9gZ4TJuk", "text": {"fJC9gZ4TJuk-00000-00000900-00001148": "Dobrý den. We have just covered a lot of ...", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00001-00001148-00001351": "material that may be new to you.", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00002-00001351-00001514": "It seems strange, right?", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00003-00001514-00001833": "There are some logic operations you are probably ...", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00004-00001833-00002121": "used to (like AND), but there are others that ...", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00005-00002121-00002354": "might tie up your brain (like XNOR).", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00006-00002354-00002719": "And then for each of these, there are multiple forms like ...", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00007-00002719-00003007": "gates and truth tables. So what is the point?", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00008-00003008-00003411": "All of this material is laying the foundation to allow us to ...", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00009-00003411-00003666": "design circuits for a specific goal.", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00010-00003666-00003905": "We want the circuits to work for us.", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00011-00003905-00004119": "This work could be very simple,", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00012-00004119-00004482": "like adding two numbers, or it could be more complex,", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00013-00004482-00004877": "like showing a Youtube video. No matter how complicated,", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00014-00004877-00005264": "the underlying ideas are these basic logic operations,", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00015-00005264-00005651": "and the tools that help us get there are the various logic ...", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00016-00005651-00005899": "forms. A simple design route that we ...", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00017-00005899-00006310": "will employ soon in this class is (1) define your goals with a ...", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00018-00006310-00006607": "truth table, (2) derive a Boolean equation ...", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00019-00006607-00007019": "from that table, and (3) build a circuit from that equation.", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00020-00007020-00007242": "Let's see this in action with a simple example:", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00021-00007242-00007545": "a circuit that can add two bits together.", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00022-00007545-00007938": "There are only four possible sums and you see them all ...", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00023-00007938-00008196": "right here. Rather than writing it ...", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00024-00008196-00008571": "arithmetically, let's look at it as a truth table.", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00025-00008571-00008812": "a and b are the addend and augend.", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00026-00008812-00009115": "C and S together represent the 2-bit sum,", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00027-00009115-00009364": "but they are in separate columns.", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00028-00009364-00009748": "Notice how the 0's and 1's appear in the same spots on ...", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00029-00009748-00010131": "the left and right sides, but they do mean different ...", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00030-00010131-00010390": "things. In the actual arithmetic,", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00031-00010390-00010702": "they mean numerical values. In the table,", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00032-00010702-00010987": "they represent true and false values,", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00033-00010987-00011379": "which we as the designers have decided to intepret as ...", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00034-00011379-00011522": "numerical values.", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00035-00011648-00012111": "Now let's pause for a second and see if anything rings a ...", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00036-00012111-00012390": "bell. What logic operation does ...", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00037-00012390-00012637": "the C column seem to reflect?", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00038-00012637-00013060": "It only outputs true if all of the inputs are true.", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00039-00013060-00013307": "Ah, this is simply AND logic.", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00040-00013307-00013544": "And what about the S column?", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00041-00013544-00013884": "It is true when 1 and only 1 input is true.", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00042-00013884-00014111": "That sounds a lot like XOR.", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00043-00014204-00014511": "Sure enough, we can translate the logic ...", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00044-00014511-00014912": "from the truth table into these Boolean equations.", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00045-00014912-00015061": "C=a AND b. S=a XOR b.", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00046-00015061-00015443": "From those equations, we can draw a logic circuit ...", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00047-00015443-00015713": "using the appropriate gates. And,", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00048-00015713-00015965": "if we had a physical breadboard,", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00049-00015965-00016319": "we could easily build this adder in real life.", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00050-00016319-00016567": "A couple of points I want to emphasize.", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00051-00016567-00016853": "We just applied logic operations to perform ...", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00052-00016853-00017177": "something that is not logic. This is a fundamental ...", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00053-00017177-00017471": "abstraction. The electrons flowing through ...", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00054-00017471-00017811": "our circuit don't know that they are doing addition.", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00055-00017811-00018028": "But we get to interpret it as such.", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00056-00018028-00018375": "We are wielding the power of physics and logic to do our ...", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00057-00018375-00018468": "bidding. And,", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00058-00018468-00018692": "lastly, this is obviously a simple ...", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00059-00018692-00018893": "example. Most work we want done ...", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00060-00018893-00019264": "requires more layers of logic. To help us reduce this into ...", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00061-00019264-00019496": "something we can efficiently wire,", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00062-00019496-00019767": "we will take advantage of Boolean algebra ...", "fJC9gZ4TJuk-00063-00019767-00020223": "simplification techniques. That's the main focus of our next lesson."}}, {"audio_id": "fJE9W63J2aA", "text": {"fJE9W63J2aA-00000-00000095-00001353": "[Music]", "fJE9W63J2aA-00001-00001682-00002819": "[Music]", "fJE9W63J2aA-00002-00002834-00003554": "folks trains planes and buses I finally", "fJE9W63J2aA-00003-00003258-00003810": "reach my destination the fantastic comes", "fJE9W63J2aA-00004-00003554-00004020": "to me wow I can't wait see what this", "fJE9W63J2aA-00005-00003810-00004305": "island has to offer gonna get to my", "fJE9W63J2aA-00006-00004020-00004575": "hotel put my bags down grab myself a", "fJE9W63J2aA-00007-00004305-00006260": "nice cold beer", "fJE9W63J2aA-00008-00004575-00006567": "[Music]", "fJE9W63J2aA-00009-00006260-00006797": "so after almost being rugby tackled to", "fJE9W63J2aA-00010-00006567-00007080": "the ground by tooktook drivers and", "fJE9W63J2aA-00011-00006797-00007284": "mobile taxis dog decided to do the ten", "fJE9W63J2aA-00012-00007080-00007530": "minute hike rule my bags everything to", "fJE9W63J2aA-00013-00007284-00007794": "my accommodation stop off on the way", "fJE9W63J2aA-00014-00007530-00008088": "pick up a bit of street food always", "fJE9W63J2aA-00015-00007794-00008244": "something good to snack on and I'll no", "fJE9W63J2aA-00016-00008088-00008634": "be checking into this little place", "fJE9W63J2aA-00017-00008244-00008865": "called the blue whale uni to the blue", "fJE9W63J2aA-00018-00008634-00009047": "elephant then is the blue whale it's a", "fJE9W63J2aA-00019-00008865-00009267": "little guess house they haven't got my", "fJE9W63J2aA-00020-00009047-00009429": "room ready yet but they said I could", "fJE9W63J2aA-00021-00009267-00009642": "have a little peek at it and it cost me", "fJE9W63J2aA-00022-00009429-00009791": "about thirty quid a night which is 1200", "fJE9W63J2aA-00023-00009642-00010194": "baht", "fJE9W63J2aA-00024-00009791-00010629": "it's just the basics double room double", "fJE9W63J2aA-00025-00010194-00010917": "bed small sink toilet shower everything", "fJE9W63J2aA-00026-00010629-00011220": "I need and I'm gonna hire a little", "fJE9W63J2aA-00027-00010917-00011500": "scooter and get me head down tonight and", "fJE9W63J2aA-00028-00011220-00012762": "go on a mission tomorrow", "fJE9W63J2aA-00029-00011500-00012762": "[Music]", "fJE9W63J2aA-00030-00013087-00013850": "[Music]", "fJE9W63J2aA-00031-00014325-00016281": "[Music]", "fJE9W63J2aA-00032-00015815-00016593": "so I'm heading through Kosovan pretty", "fJE9W63J2aA-00033-00016281-00017015": "much my street this is the first place", "fJE9W63J2aA-00034-00016593-00017015": "you'll get to to come to visit cosa met", "fJE9W63J2aA-00035-00017502-00017802": "shootout", "fJE9W63J2aA-00036-00017967-00018312": "most unwanted", "fJE9W63J2aA-00037-00018367-00019139": "the video yeah it's actually fantastic", "fJE9W63J2aA-00038-00018890-00019548": "died probably in his fur is somewhere on", "fJE9W63J2aA-00039-00019139-00019948": "that sort he", "fJE9W63J2aA-00040-00019548-00020323": "leticia on our excited about", "fJE9W63J2aA-00041-00019948-00020534": "Beach and check out some food at a", "fJE9W63J2aA-00042-00020323-00020765": "restaurant", "fJE9W63J2aA-00043-00020534-00020954": "as you say severe the slow pace what's", "fJE9W63J2aA-00044-00020765-00021309": "the clumsy can't really write about", "fJE9W63J2aA-00045-00020954-00021309": "bypass secret thing", "fJE9W63J2aA-00046-00021345-00021948": "one thing about Thailand is you know if", "fJE9W63J2aA-00047-00021648-00022250": "you do have an accident even if it's not", "fJE9W63J2aA-00048-00021948-00022667": "your fault hundred percent", "fJE9W63J2aA-00049-00022250-00022886": "sign from the other classes in CA when", "fJE9W63J2aA-00050-00022667-00023231": "it goes in from the judge is you will", "fJE9W63J2aA-00051-00022886-00023415": "fall and they're on to a I see babe", "fJE9W63J2aA-00052-00023231-00023781": "if", "fJE9W63J2aA-00053-00023415-00023781": "which other person", "fJE9W63J2aA-00054-00024999-00025669": "suppose not a little wild dogs ran here", "fJE9W63J2aA-00055-00025417-00025973": "as well they have got a habit of chasing", "fJE9W63J2aA-00056-00025669-00026241": "mode like so here we are", "fJE9W63J2aA-00057-00025973-00026427": "you're gonna Park up here in your", "fJE9W63J2aA-00058-00026241-00026766": "parking space", "fJE9W63J2aA-00059-00026427-00026766": "[Music]", "fJE9W63J2aA-00060-00027283-00028403": "so today I'm heading down to our wide", "fJE9W63J2aA-00061-00027693-00028469": "beach looks good white sand water nice", "fJE9W63J2aA-00062-00028403-00028946": "and clean", "fJE9W63J2aA-00063-00028469-00029246": "oh my god definitely gonna be stopping", "fJE9W63J2aA-00064-00028946-00029741": "here for a swim today fantastic little", "fJE9W63J2aA-00065-00029246-00030405": "beach really not overcrowded Thank You", "fJE9W63J2aA-00066-00029741-00030656": "sunshine white sand nice yeah on that", "fJE9W63J2aA-00067-00030405-00031120": "note I'm getting my swimming things one", "fJE9W63J2aA-00068-00030656-00031120": "and I'm going to take a little bit", "fJE9W63J2aA-00069-00031351-00032206": "[Music]", "fJE9W63J2aA-00070-00032416-00032757": "[Music]", "fJE9W63J2aA-00071-00032987-00033393": "[Music]", "fJE9W63J2aA-00072-00033785-00034514": "[Music]", "fJE9W63J2aA-00073-00034609-00035858": "so today I'm going for Panang curry with", "fJE9W63J2aA-00074-00035405-00036019": "pork and there it is", "fJE9W63J2aA-00075-00035858-00036425": "not quite sure what's it never had it", "fJE9W63J2aA-00076-00036019-00037069": "before the rice and a little bit of", "fJE9W63J2aA-00077-00036425-00037288": "chilli extra lime leaves in it peas in", "fJE9W63J2aA-00078-00037069-00037952": "it nice red sauce I guess that's a Thai", "fJE9W63J2aA-00079-00037288-00038266": "red curry sauce it's made with a little", "fJE9W63J2aA-00080-00037952-00038456": "bit on there I'm not gonna go through", "fJE9W63J2aA-00081-00038266-00038853": "the chilies just yet or attest it is", "fJE9W63J2aA-00082-00038456-00038853": "sometimes it's hot enough", "fJE9W63J2aA-00083-00039419-00039730": "[Music]", "fJE9W63J2aA-00084-00039994-00041135": "definitely lighten up spicy a nice", "fJE9W63J2aA-00085-00040460-00041447": "flavor dude really nice Wow it's not bit", "fJE9W63J2aA-00086-00041135-00041716": "spinach in here let these live leaves", "fJE9W63J2aA-00087-00041447-00041716": "out Cathy", "fJE9W63J2aA-00088-00042244-00043412": "yeah again absolute heaven on a plate", "fJE9W63J2aA-00089-00042865-00043793": "cost about 250 bar altogether", "fJE9W63J2aA-00090-00043412-00044138": "glued a can of coke that works out to", "fJE9W63J2aA-00091-00043793-00044393": "probably about six seven quid probably", "fJE9W63J2aA-00092-00044138-00044696": "verging on eight quid not bad for a", "fJE9W63J2aA-00093-00044393-00045038": "little mill that's a lovely spot as well", "fJE9W63J2aA-00094-00044696-00045544": "yep that is a definitely worth one to", "fJE9W63J2aA-00095-00045038-00045756": "try the Penang curry new one for me", "fJE9W63J2aA-00096-00045544-00046130": "brilliant really tasty", "fJE9W63J2aA-00097-00045756-00046461": "highly recommended so like every island", "fJE9W63J2aA-00098-00046130-00046674": "you get your quiet spots but there are", "fJE9W63J2aA-00099-00046461-00047009": "also places where you can go if you want", "fJE9W63J2aA-00100-00046674-00047196": "to liven things up a little bit and this", "fJE9W63J2aA-00101-00047009-00047558": "one is of no exception", "fJE9W63J2aA-00102-00047196-00047558": "let's pull the mag abar", "fJE9W63J2aA-00103-00047582-00048883": "happening he's got a bit crazy", "fJE9W63J2aA-00104-00047849-00048894": "[Music]", "fJE9W63J2aA-00105-00048883-00049112": "[Applause]", "fJE9W63J2aA-00106-00048894-00049423": "[Music]", "fJE9W63J2aA-00107-00049112-00049423": "[Applause]", "fJE9W63J2aA-00108-00049491-00050377": "there's no fire show on the beach", "fJE9W63J2aA-00109-00049931-00050377": "[Applause]", "fJE9W63J2aA-00110-00050442-00051403": "[Music]", "fJE9W63J2aA-00111-00051228-00051725": "[Applause]", "fJE9W63J2aA-00112-00051403-00051725": "[Music]", "fJE9W63J2aA-00113-00052457-00052763": "[Music]", "fJE9W63J2aA-00114-00053596-00054194": "so it's my last night Kosar Matt it's", "fJE9W63J2aA-00115-00053885-00054573": "just started pissing down the rain in", "fJE9W63J2aA-00116-00054194-00054947": "the high street postman", "fJE9W63J2aA-00117-00054573-00055341": "[Music]", "fJE9W63J2aA-00118-00054947-00055724": "fancy a singer so I came in here for a", "fJE9W63J2aA-00119-00055341-00055724": "quick cook the other day", "fJE9W63J2aA-00120-00055785-00056038": "wrong", "fJE9W63J2aA-00121-00056263-00057044": "eight love to kiss drink and shout", "fJE9W63J2aA-00122-00056790-00057044": "to the wall", "fJE9W63J2aA-00123-00057089-00057452": "music going on", "fJE9W63J2aA-00124-00057249-00057674": "[Music]", "fJE9W63J2aA-00125-00057452-00058138": "the last time I came here land was very", "fJE9W63J2aA-00126-00057674-00058138": "friendly going maybe feels very welcome", "fJE9W63J2aA-00127-00058519-00058897": "really makes you feel welcome", "fJE9W63J2aA-00128-00059227-00059550": "well three fucking hours", "fJE9W63J2aA-00129-00059879-00060385": "so basically yeah this is a this is a", "fJE9W63J2aA-00130-00060142-00060385": "Latifah", "fJE9W63J2aA-00131-00063738-00064317": "my loan is fantastic middle odd and cosa", "fJE9W63J2aA-00132-00064066-00064519": "met a thought or nick down the beach and", "fJE9W63J2aA-00133-00064317-00064924": "grab myself some lunch before I head off", "fJE9W63J2aA-00134-00064519-00065224": "back to the mainland as usual feel free", "fJE9W63J2aA-00135-00064924-00065371": "to leave comments below give me a click", "fJE9W63J2aA-00136-00065224-00065623": "or the cheeky little thumbs up would be", "fJE9W63J2aA-00137-00065371-00065788": "really really appreciated and if you'd", "fJE9W63J2aA-00138-00065623-00065941": "like to see some more videos that I'll", "fJE9W63J2aA-00139-00065788-00066310": "be making the very near future of", "fJE9W63J2aA-00140-00065941-00066574": "different places with chefs travels then", "fJE9W63J2aA-00141-00066310-00067029": "please subscribe and we'll keep you", "fJE9W63J2aA-00142-00066574-00067378": "updated so as you can see yet again", "fJE9W63J2aA-00143-00067029-00067501": "another fantastic day in paradise today", "fJE9W63J2aA-00144-00067378-00067834": "I'm going to be eating in this little", "fJE9W63J2aA-00145-00067501-00068392": "bar a little restaurant called", "fJE9W63J2aA-00146-00067834-00068626": "check this restaurant I'm having like", "fJE9W63J2aA-00147-00068392-00068992": "their seviche sort of salad thing with", "fJE9W63J2aA-00148-00068626-00069400": "bean sprouts and pork and today I", "fJE9W63J2aA-00149-00068992-00069781": "thought I'll try the Tom Chi suit and", "fJE9W63J2aA-00150-00069400-00070105": "stuck the Tom Yum but definitely more of", "fJE9W63J2aA-00151-00069781-00070545": "a soupy sort of thing and that works at", "fJE9W63J2aA-00152-00070105-00070849": "200 220 bar which is about six quid", "fJE9W63J2aA-00153-00070545-00071230": "as you can see creamy sauce super thin", "fJE9W63J2aA-00154-00070849-00071742": "really really runny ideal for like a", "fJE9W63J2aA-00155-00071230-00071742": "meal on a hot day like today bitter rice", "fJE9W63J2aA-00156-00071756-00072478": "the song song Thomas onion salad and", "fJE9W63J2aA-00157-00072235-00073126": "they get stuck in them you say it is", "fJE9W63J2aA-00158-00072478-00073126": "here's a proper suit its tomatoes in it", "fJE9W63J2aA-00159-00073171-00073856": "usual lime Papio leaves pop their fish", "fJE9W63J2aA-00160-00073553-00074018": "in it as well nobody know what that is", "fJE9W63J2aA-00161-00073856-00074198": "but I will find out there and then you", "fJE9W63J2aA-00162-00074018-00074315": "know that's like a sea mushroom to close", "fJE9W63J2aA-00163-00074198-00074713": "the thing off we get to thinking about", "fJE9W63J2aA-00164-00074315-00074713": "what is green beans", "fJE9W63J2aA-00165-00074990-00075955": "labor some for that typical Thai green", "fJE9W63J2aA-00166-00075506-00076402": "curry cake flavor kaffir leaves", "fJE9W63J2aA-00167-00075955-00076717": "lemongrass chili but not too much it's", "fJE9W63J2aA-00168-00076402-00077208": "not really a spicy soup is very very mom", "fJE9W63J2aA-00169-00076717-00077208": "gave me the white bar business", "fJE9W63J2aA-00170-00078572-00078872": "fantastic", "fJE9W63J2aA-00171-00078956-00079775": "more green beans here in general really", "fJE9W63J2aA-00172-00079304-00080219": "my cup of tea but sound of itself really", "fJE9W63J2aA-00173-00079775-00080477": "refreshing really nice so beta yeah that", "fJE9W63J2aA-00174-00080219-00081121": "gets another thumbs up and one more", "fJE9W63J2aA-00175-00080477-00081121": "thing before I go the names bond game"}}, {"audio_id": "fJYzRXseVfc", "text": {"fJYzRXseVfc-00000-00000000-00000279": "Cm videos", "fJYzRXseVfc-00003-00000774-00000967": "Cm. Videos"}}, {"audio_id": "fJbOzpugasu", "text": {"fJbOzpugasu-00000-00000056-00000648": "Welcome. Follow these steps to set up a myPay account. Locate the new user module", "fJbOzpugasu-00001-00000648-00001196": "on the right side of the screen. Read how new accounts are added to find out", "fJbOzpugasu-00002-00001196-00001703": "when to expect your first password. Once you receive your password click the", "fJbOzpugasu-00003-00001703-00002310": "\"Create your myPay Profile\" button. Enter your full social security number without", "fJbOzpugasu-00004-00002310-00002864": "spaces or dashes and the temporary password provided. Then click Submit.", "fJbOzpugasu-00005-00002864-00003444": "Follow the specific guidelines listed on the page to create a customized login", "fJbOzpugasu-00006-00003444-00004191": "and password. Enter them in the fields provided then click create account.", "fJbOzpugasu-00007-00004191-00004827": "The login ID and password have been established. 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Head over to myPay to log in now", "fJbOzpugasu-00023-00012906-00013481": "or to find additional help on using myPay."}}, {"audio_id": "fKuRdSPQF2I", "text": {"fKuRdSPQF2I-00000-00000054-00000154": "Hi.", "fKuRdSPQF2I-00001-00000154-00000512": "I'm Diane Davis, and I received my PhD in Astrodynamics and Space Applications from", "fKuRdSPQF2I-00002-00000512-00000884": "Purdue's School of Aeronautics and Astronautics in August 2011.", "fKuRdSPQF2I-00003-00000884-00001287": "I now work for AI Solutions at Johnson Space Center where I'm mission design lead for the", "fKuRdSPQF2I-00004-00001287-00001425": "Gateway program.", "fKuRdSPQF2I-00005-00001425-00001920": "Studying at Purdue in Professor Kathleen Howell's research group, I received a world-class education", "fKuRdSPQF2I-00006-00001920-00002337": "in multi-body astrodynamics that I use every day in my job, and I made lifelong friends", "fKuRdSPQF2I-00007-00002337-00002565": "that I continue to collaborate with regularly.", "fKuRdSPQF2I-00008-00002565-00002991": "A big thanks to Aeronautics and Astronautics for giving me such a great basis for my career", "fKuRdSPQF2I-00009-00002991-00003238": "and congratulations on the 75th anniversary."}}, {"audio_id": "fKJl7RFQzEI", "text": {"fKJl7RFQzEI-00000-00000003-00000354": "Hi I'm Bryce Kozla, one of the youth services librarians on the Fostering", "fKJl7RFQzEI-00001-00000354-00000750": "Readers project. And I'm Jen Burkhart; I'm one of the reading specialists on", "fKJl7RFQzEI-00002-00000750-00001140": "this project. So, Fostering Readers is a research-based tool to help you", "fKJl7RFQzEI-00003-00001140-00001508": "incorporate high-quality reading and language experiences into your library", "fKJl7RFQzEI-00004-00001508-00002007": "and after-school programs. Literacy skills help strengthen brain connections", "fKJl7RFQzEI-00005-00002007-00002519": "that are formed in school. So today we've pinpointed five key elements to make", "fKJl7RFQzEI-00006-00002519-00002897": "your literacy experience a snap!"}}, {"audio_id": "fKK2IJ5H_9M", "text": {"fKK2IJ5H_9M-00002-00000753-00001114": "Music: \"this machine kills ravers\"", "fKK2IJ5H_9M-00003-00001114-00001421": "Believe it or not", "fKK2IJ5H_9M-00004-00001421-00001741": "we also actually use the sausage fattener", "fKK2IJ5H_9M-00005-00001741-00002441": "a lot of people say, \"No you don't use it\"", "fKK2IJ5H_9M-00006-00002516-00002990": "In my mind it's like a king getting laid over there", "fKK2IJ5H_9M-00007-00002990-00003083": "over here... TO BE CONTINUED"}}, {"audio_id": "fKKYROGwePQ", "text": {"fKKYROGwePQ-00000-00000248-00000458": "Hi today is Sunday, June the 14th.", "fKKYROGwePQ-00001-00000458-00000669": "We got to visit the Georgia Aquarium this afternoon.", "fKKYROGwePQ-00002-00000669-00000784": "It was a great experience.", "fKKYROGwePQ-00003-00000784-00001000": "I've never been behind the scenes before.", "fKKYROGwePQ-00004-00001000-00001360": "I got to see the beluga whales and harbor seals.", "fKKYROGwePQ-00005-00001360-00001880": "Some back scenes, how the filtration system works and how they're actually making coral", "fKKYROGwePQ-00006-00001880-00002114": "reefs at the Georgia Aquarium.", "fKKYROGwePQ-00007-00002114-00002474": "I was feeling nervous at first when I arrived because I didn't know anybody.", "fKKYROGwePQ-00008-00002474-00002735": "But now that we've gotten to know the group they're all friendly.", "fKKYROGwePQ-00009-00002735-00002884": "My roommate is awesome.", "fKKYROGwePQ-00010-00002884-00003339": "Patty and I are going to have a great time and I'm really excited to go into the marsh", "fKKYROGwePQ-00011-00003339-00003439": "crawl.", "fKKYROGwePQ-00012-00003439-00003722": "Get to Sapelo hear all the stories and eat really good food."}}, {"audio_id": "fL4yPTDpF1c", "text": {"fL4yPTDpF1c-00000-00000118-00000420": "International short stories Volume one", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00001-00000510-00001277": "American stories, this is a librivox recording all librivox recordings are in the public domain", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00002-00001354-00001767": "for more information or to volunteer please visit", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00003-00001876-00002076": "librivox.org", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00004-00002319-00003041": "International short Stories Volume one American Stories, Edited by William Patton", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00005-00003111-00003311": "section 26", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00006-00003357-00003701": "the Key replaced by Bayard Taylor", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00007-00003822-00004409": "Are an reflect was one of three gentlemen ruled from the railroad station?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00008-00004471-00005034": "to moose hotel at Trenton Falls on the top of an Omnibus and", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00009-00005094-00005462": "Who having clambered down from that Lofty perch?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00010-00005514-00006017": "under the inspection of 40 pair of eyes level of them from the Balcony", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00011-00006069-00006434": "ascent to inscribe their names in the book and", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00012-00006498-00006776": "secured the keys of that several Chambers", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00013-00006826-00007550": "To know another three however was this privacy cell welcome as to Mr.. Buck. 'let who?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00014-00007615-00007815": "Entering his room with flushed face", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00015-00007888-00008540": "Nervously dismissed the servant locks the door and dropped into a chair with a parent of leaf", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00016-00008599-00009176": "Our business being entirely with him. We shall at once this means his two companions", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00017-00009250-00009863": "whom indeed we have only introduced as accessories to the principal figure and", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00018-00009979-00010310": "Taking our invisible seats in the opposite chair", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00019-00010381-00010712": "Proceeded to contemplation of his person age", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00020-00010779-00011063": "for perhaps five and twenty", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00021-00011139-00011495": "Certainly not more eight five feet nine inches", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00022-00011571-00011834": "With well-developed breasts and shoulders", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00023-00011899-00012099": "names whose firm", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00024-00012111-00012225": "Ample muscle", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00025-00012225-00012962": "It raised itself through the straight lines of his lights amicus tomb and hands and feet of agreeable shape", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00026-00013047-00013322": "complexion Fair the skin of", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00027-00013431-00014087": "Finest in transparency we run the nCRedible blood rights his emotion so palpably", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00028-00014157-00014681": "That he runs married eyes of a clear earnest blue", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00029-00014715-00015374": "But so shy of meeting a steady gaze that you know how beautiful there really are", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00030-00015447-00015989": "mouth full and sensitive and of so rich and jewelry a red", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00031-00016015-00016634": "Then we cannot help wishing you wear a woman that we might be pardoned to for kissing it", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00032-00016675-00016919": "forehead broad and rather low", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00033-00016984-00017091": "hair", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00034-00017091-00017561": "But there we hesitate for his enemies would certainly call it red", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00035-00017623-00017912": "Indeed in some lights. It is red", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00036-00017931-00018722": "But it's prevailing tint is brown with a bronze luster on the girls as he sets does", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00037-00018798-00018973": "unconscious of our", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00038-00018973-00019509": "Observation he is certainly awesome in spite of the haunting air of timidity", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00039-00019566-00020063": "Which weakens the expression of features not we in themselves", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00040-00020137-00020256": "Unferth Er", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00041-00020256-00020939": "Observation were inclined to believe that he has not achieved that easy pose of self-possession", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00042-00021009-00021707": "Which in men of becoming Modesty's is the result of more or less social experience?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00043-00021754-00022142": "He belongs evidently to that class of awkward", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00044-00022194-00022427": "earnest worn Arted and", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00045-00022482-00023012": "Sensitive natures whom all men like and some women Mr.", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00046-00023019-00023687": "Bhalla reflections after his arrival where we have good reason to know after this fashion", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00047-00023772-00023987": "When will I cease to be a fool?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00048-00024054-00024797": "Why couldn't I stare back at all those people of the balcony as coolly as the two fellows who sat beside me?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00049-00024822-00025361": "Why couldn't I get down without missing the step and dressing my shin on the wheel?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00050-00025384-00025877": "Why should I walk into the house with my head down and a million of cool little?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00051-00025912-00026477": "Needles pricking my back because men and women and not sheep were looking at me", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00052-00026477-00027101": "I have at least an average body as men do an average intellect - I think", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00053-00027175-00027633": "Yet every day. I suspend Lee Brenner squirts", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00054-00027727-00028379": "Mr.. Barrett will not have used this epithet in conversation, but it certainly passed from his mind", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00055-00028444-00028733": "Put me to shame, but there self-possession", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00056-00028810-00029540": "the women think me a fool because I have not - courage to be natural and unembarrassed and I carried the", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00057-00029557-00029904": "Consciousness of the fact about me whenever I meet them", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00058-00029964-00030720": "Come come this will never do I am a man and I ought to possess the ordinary resolution of a man", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00059-00030766-00031089": "Now he has a chance to turn over a new leaf", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00060-00031180-00031779": "Nobody knows me. No one will notice me particularly and then whether I fail, or succeed", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00061-00031839-00032319": "The experiment will never be brought forward to my confusion in your after", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00062-00032383-00032756": "all of a sudden courage he sprang to his feet and", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00063-00032827-00033104": "Carefully adjusted his toilet for the tea table", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00064-00033169-00033423": "Whistling Cheerfully all the while and", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00065-00033478-00034092": "The sound of the gong he descended the staircase and approached the dining room", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00066-00034092-00034796": "We had erect meeting the gaze of the other guests with the steadiness which resembled defiance", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00067-00034840-00035202": "he was surprised to find how mechanical and", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00068-00035254-00035756": "Transitory were the glances he encountered as Mr.. Bartlett's friend", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00069-00035757-00036245": "I should not like to search that in his efforts to appear self possessed", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00070-00036265-00036540": "He approached the bells of effrontery", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00071-00036589-00037190": "But I have my own private suspicions about the matter and the table a lively conversation", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00072-00037234-00037698": "Was carried on and he was able to take many stealthy", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00073-00037738-00038054": "observations of the ladies without being noticed", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00074-00038113-00038786": "To his shame. I must confess that he had never been so seriously in love though", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00075-00038787-00039150": "It was a condition. He most earnestly desired", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00076-00039235-00039882": "Attracted Toward women by the instinct of his nature and repelled by his awkward embarrassment", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00077-00039937-00040542": "There seemed a little chain that you would ever attain it on this particular occasion", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00078-00040616-00041392": "However. He cast his eyes around with the air of a certain scanning his slaves before throwing the anchor chief", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00079-00041411-00041611": "to the chosen one the", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00080-00041639-00042283": "Female guests were young married single in favored or beautiful", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00081-00042314-00042852": "Were subjected to the review it is impossible to describe, Mr.. Bartlett's", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00082-00042905-00043693": "satisfaction with himself he had passed over 29 or 30 five ladies present without", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00083-00043754-00044256": "Experiencing any special emotion, but at the thirties", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00084-00044285-00045060": "He was suddenly attacked by a reference of his Anna to humanity. He fixed his eyes upon his toast", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00085-00045131-00045676": "painfully conscious by the warmth of his ears that he was blushing violently and", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00086-00045737-00046141": "Actually drank a third cup of tea one more than his usual", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00087-00046202-00046307": "Allowance", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00088-00046307-00046659": "Before he became sufficiently composed to look up again", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00089-00046748-00046983": "Really there was no cause for confusion", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00090-00047054-00047610": "Her face was turned away, so that even the profile was not only visible", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00091-00047687-00048469": "but the exquisite line of the forehead and cheek bent inward at the angle of the unseen eye and", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00092-00048524-00048804": "Melting into the sweep of the neck and shoulder", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00093-00048851-00049377": "Were the Surest possible prophecies of beauty her chestnut air", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00094-00049421-00049771": "Rippled at the Temple was Gathered into a heavy", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00095-00049820-00050328": "Chamois not at the back of her head and in woman with the varnished", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00096-00050405-00050605": "Heart-Shaped leaves of the Smilax", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00097-00050690-00051058": "More than this Mr.. Pollard did not dare to notice", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00098-00051125-00051528": "During the evening. He flitted restlessly about the rules", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00099-00051596-00051915": "Intent on an object which he does explain to himself", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00100-00051922-00052488": "I should like to see whether a front face corresponds to the outline of a cheat", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00101-00052591-00053283": "Arun it is too late to visit the force and the whim of the Sort will help me to pass the time", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00102-00053327-00054123": "but the lady belonged apparently to a numerous party which took position of one end of the balcony and", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00103-00054146-00054750": "Sat in the moonlight in such a position that he could not see her features with distinctness", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00104-00054815-00055212": "the face was a pure oval in a framework of", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00105-00055258-00055632": "Superb Hair and the Glossy leaves of Smilax", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00106-00055705-00056178": "Glittered like silver in the moon like whenever she chanced to turn her head", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00107-00056242-00056851": "There were songs and she sank scenes that are brightest or something of the kind", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00108-00056924-00057127": "suggested by the inference of the night", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00109-00057179-00057417": "her voice was clear and sweet", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00110-00057479-00058087": "Without much strength one of those voices which seemed to be made for singing to one ear alone", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00111-00058151-00058746": "Here by God's Grace is the one voice for me thought Mr.. Bartlett", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00112-00058783-00059070": "He had just been reading the ideals of the king", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00113-00059114-00059890": "He stepped off to bed saying to himself a little more courage and I be able to make her acquaintance", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00114-00059915-00060321": "In the morning he said ever to make the tour of the force", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00115-00060410-00060930": "Entering the Glen from below he slowly crept up the black shells of Rock", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00116-00060989-00061329": "under and around the rush of the Amber waters", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00117-00061388-00061588": "the Naiads of Trenton", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00118-00061633-00062172": "Waving the scarfs of Rainbow Breda tossed their foam fringes in his face", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00119-00062245-00062586": "above the dryads of the pine and Beach", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00120-00062636-00063084": "Looked down from their seats on the brink of the over ending wars", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00121-00063191-00063705": "Mr.. Bartlett was neither poet nor a painter. No was it necessary", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00122-00063782-00064264": "That his tantrum and as you may know from his skin and the color of his hair", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00123-00064316-00065070": "Was Joyous and accessible and he felt a degree of delight that made him forget his own self I", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00124-00065147-00065617": "Fancy there are no embarrassing coven journalism at the bottom of the Earth", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00125-00065683-00066018": "Wherever that may be and the Glen of Trenton", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00126-00066023-00066408": "We still had feet underweight ether our friend", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00127-00066416-00067180": "Enjoyed to the fool is partial relays and was surprised to find that he could assist several married ladies", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00128-00067199-00067756": "To climb the slippery steps at the high pool without consciously blushing", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00129-00067826-00068604": "hell, it came to pass never could rightly tell but certain tis that on lifting his eyes after a", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00130-00068605-00068696": "long", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00131-00068696-00069423": "contemplation of the shifting slides of fretted Amber he found himself alone in the Glen with the", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00132-00069452-00069915": "Exception of a young lady, we sat on the rocks a few paces distant", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00133-00070001-00070345": "As the first glance he thought was a child", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00134-00070370-00070864": "for the stride foam was emitted in a bloomer dress and a", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00135-00070925-00071182": "Brood hat shaded the graceful head", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00136-00071227-00071976": "The white trousers were gathered around her ankles and a pair of the prettiest feet he had ever seen", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00137-00072086-00072739": "Dango in the age of the Swiftstream she was finally plucking up tufts of grass from the", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00138-00072767-00073446": "Crevices of the rock and dozen them in the mouths of the cataract and her face was partly turned", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00139-00073460-00073903": "Toward him it was the fair unknown of the evening before", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00140-00073964-00074523": "There was no mistaking the lovely cheek and the rippled Chestnut hair, Mr.", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00141-00074524-00075106": "Mullet felt as he afterward expressed himself a warm sweet shudder", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00142-00075155-00075355": "Run through all his veins", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00143-00075452-00075652": "burning with that lovely creature", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00144-00075680-00076228": "Below the outside surface of the Earth who if I could but speak to her?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00145-00076258-00076851": "Her dress shows that she can let aside the soulless forms of society in such a place as this", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00146-00076937-00077129": "Why not I?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00147-00077129-00077233": "There's", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00148-00077233-00077526": "locking and Kirkland and lots of fellows", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00149-00077527-00078186": "I know wouldn't hesitate a moment, but what should I say the sinner is fine Chara?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00150-00078242-00078727": "But the first sentence is the only difficulty the rest will come of itself", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00151-00078785-00079414": "What if I dress her boldly as an old acquaintance and then apologize for my mistake?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00152-00079475-00079845": "Upon my word a good idea. So natural were impossible", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00153-00079937-00080160": "Having determined upon this plan", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00154-00080255-00080703": "Immediately put it into a chant before the result at time to coup", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00155-00080732-00081366": "His step was firm and his bearing was sufficiently confident as he approached her", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00156-00081419-00081733": "but when she lifted her long lashes", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00157-00081845-00082045": "disclosing a pair of large", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00158-00082067-00082169": "Limpid", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00159-00082169-00082698": "hazel eyes which regarded him unabashed with the transient", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00160-00082742-00083251": "Curiosity one Bestows upon the Stranger his face. I'm sure", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00161-00083308-00083769": "Betrayed the homburg other thing the lady however not", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00162-00083831-00084181": "Anticipating what followed who scarcely have knocked it?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00163-00084281-00084696": "Raising his hat as he reached the corner of the rock upon which she sat", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00164-00084704-00084877": "He said in a voice", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00165-00084877-00085377": "So curiously balanced between his enforced dullness and his", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00166-00085400-00086055": "Reflected surprised direct that he oddly recognized it as his own. How do you do miss Lawrence?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00167-00086138-00086458": "The lady looked at him wonderingly steady", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00168-00086537-00086800": "Charlock ace that frankly and", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00169-00086870-00087462": "Innocently perused his face as if seeking for some trace of a forgotten acquaintance", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00170-00087539-00088264": "Mr.. Bartlett could not withdraw his although he knew that his face was getting redder and his", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00171-00088319-00088791": "Respiration more and steady every moment he stammered forth", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00172-00088882-00089268": "Miss Lawrence of South Carolina, I believe", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00173-00089426-00089626": "You are mistaken sir", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00174-00089630-00090216": "Said the lady with the least shade of Coolness in her voice, but it fell upon, Mr.", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00175-00090217-00090639": "Bartlett like the wind from an ICeberg. I am not miss Lawrence", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00176-00090782-00091365": "Beg your pardon yun said somewhat confusedly you resemble I?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00177-00091432-00092016": "Expected to meet her here. Will you please tell her I enquired for her. Here's my card", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00178-00092099-00092520": "There was he thrust both hand into his first pockets", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00179-00092606-00093169": "Extracted the card from one of them and let it esteli upon the rock beside her", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00180-00093251-00093443": "Berta Berta", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00181-00093443-00093772": "Rang through the Glen above the rule of the waterfall", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00182-00093843-00094562": "The remainder of the party which the young lady had proceeded now came interviewing descending toward her", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00183-00094584-00095224": "Good day, miss Lawrence said Mr.. Bartlett a young lifting his ad and retracing his steps", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00184-00095337-00096085": "For his life. He could not have passed her and run the gauntlet of the faces of her friends from the narrow Path", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00185-00096165-00096628": "Every singer of them would have instantly seen that what a fool he was", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00186-00096702-00097036": "Moreover he had achieved enough for one day", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00187-00097071-00097822": "The Soldier who storms a perilous preach and found himself alive on the inside of it could not be more", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00188-00097860-00098060": "astonished than his I", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00189-00098085-00098627": "Blended awfully he thought that after all is the one way to learn", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00190-00098685-00099065": "Who's your friend Bertha asked her brother dick Morris?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00191-00099096-00099859": "The oven guard of the party I never saw the fellow before he had not frightened him by your sudden appearance", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00192-00099885-00100151": "said she you might have discovered a", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00193-00100208-00100990": "southerner I suppose though it don't look like one you dressed me as miss Lawrence of South Carolina and", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00194-00101043-00101633": "Afterwards left me with this card to be given to her. What shall I do with it ah?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00195-00101790-00102205": "The card will tell us. Who is said dick picking it up?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00196-00102282-00102970": "Instantly burst into a row of laughter ah ha this cups are wearing a bloomer, Bertha", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00197-00103023-00103256": "Though I must say it's by no means", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00198-00103310-00103510": "complimentary to your little feet", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00199-00103548-00103778": "Which suspect you of having corns?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00200-00103872-00104072": "Kate what do you mean?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00201-00104079-00104183": "ha", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00202-00104183-00104674": "No doubt I came at the nick of time to prevent him from pulling off your shoes", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00203-00104735-00105455": "Take there with she impatiently jerked the card from her brother's hand. It was a large thick", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00204-00105513-00105851": "Handsomely glazed and contained the following inscription", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00205-00105992-00106192": "professor Herbert", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00206-00106275-00106831": "terriblest to a Manchester Queen Victoria and the nobility of Great Britain", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00207-00106980-00107447": "Incredible she exclaimed so young and embarrassed in his manners", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00208-00107494-00107786": "How could he ever have taken hold of the queen's foots?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00209-00107913-00108521": "Embarrassed indeed said dick. I think he has a very cool way of procuring patience", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00210-00108579-00108974": "But faith is chosen a romantic operating room", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00211-00109045-00109316": "after climbing down this rock the course", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00212-00109369-00109916": "Naturally begins to twinge and he has the professor on Hand build the March of civilization", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00213-00110061-00110591": "But did not fall into a brothers fan of badinage as usual", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00214-00110625-00110912": "She was vexed that the fresh", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00215-00110964-00111164": "Manly face and blue eyes", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00216-00111195-00111560": "into which she had looked belong to a Charlatan and", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00217-00111603-00111914": "Vexed at herself for being vexed Their act", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00218-00111930-00112469": "It was not so easy however to Dismiss professor albert from her mind", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00219-00112512-00112853": "For deck and related the incident to the others of the party", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00220-00112914-00113135": "with his own embellishments and", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00221-00113190-00113594": "Novelists where the jokes to which it gave rise throughout the day", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00222-00113700-00114497": "Meantime Mr.. Bartlett in Happy ignorance of the worst Blunder he had ever made returned to the hotel", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00223-00114571-00115190": "The day progressed at Utica he had been annoyed by an itinerant extractor of course", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00224-00115254-00115454": "suppressor of Unions and", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00225-00115474-00116231": "Regulator of Ihram hobnails whose profit guard he had turned to his pocket in order to get rid of the man", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00226-00116272-00116759": "It was this card which he had presented to Miss Morris as his own", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00227-00116886-00117458": "Enriching the hotel in easily ascertained that a real name and place of residence", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00228-00117528-00118124": "With the additional fact that the party were to leave for the regatta on the morrow", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00229-00118164-00118856": "It occurred to him or so that saratoga in the heat of the season would be well worth a visit", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00230-00118965-00119420": "In the evening you gained a turned to meet the lady under stairs", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00231-00119466-00120023": "he retreated into a corner of the landing to make room for her ample skirts and", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00232-00120094-00120471": "catching a glance of Curious entry for hazel eyes", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00233-00120561-00120884": "Ventured to say good evening Miss Loris", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00234-00120973-00121190": "Suddenly correcting a name in the middle", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00235-00121242-00121730": "Berta in spite of the Womanly dignity which she could very well", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00236-00121776-00122201": "Cement or aid could not suppress a fragment of gay laughter", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00237-00122257-00122513": "In which the suppose professor joined?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00238-00122565-00122849": "the slight inclination of the lovely head", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00239-00122904-00123644": "acknowledge this salutation the next morning Miss Bertha Morris left with a party for", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00240-00123697-00123897": "Saratoga and", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00241-00123915-00124448": "after allowing a day to intervene in order to avoid the appearance of design", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00242-00124519-00125303": "Mr.. Henry Bartlett followed he did not admit to himself in the least that this movement was prompted by love", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00243-00125355-00125912": "but he was aware of an intense desire to make her acquaintance the", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00244-00125961-00126476": "Earnestness which hid this desire infused into his nature gave him courage", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00245-00126532-00127208": "The man Within him was beginning to wake and stir and a boyhood of character prolonged", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00246-00127251-00127655": "Beyond the usUal date with dropping rapidly into the", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00247-00127767-00127967": "irrecoverable conditions of the past", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00248-00128064-00128444": "It's changed that they moved to quarters in the same hotel", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00249-00128445-00129230": "And great was brother's astonishment on her first morning visit to the congress brain to find", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00250-00129249-00129399": "professor Herbert", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00251-00129399-00129602": "Quietly coughing his third glass", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00252-00129702-00129959": "Looked so much like a gentleman", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00253-00129990-00130265": "He was rarely so fresh and rosy", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00254-00130311-00130988": "So genuinely masculine in comparison with the blessing youth she was a question to see that", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00255-00131055-00131828": "Forgetting his occupation she acknowledged his bow with the cordiality which provoked herself to the moment afterwards", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00256-00131872-00131949": "Mr.", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00257-00131949-00132329": "Bartlett was so much encouraged to pass this this recognition", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00258-00132370-00132779": "That he ventured to walk beside her on the return to the hotel", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00259-00132903-00133421": "She having in the impulsive Frankness and forgetfulness of her nature", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00260-00133500-00133979": "Returned his greeting felt bound to suffer the temporary companionship", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00261-00134116-00134316": "embarrassing though it was", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00262-00134365-00135096": "Fortunately none of the friends were inside. No was it probable that they knew the chiropodist in any case", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00263-00135151-00135882": "She would be rid of him at the hotel door and would take good care to avoid him in the future how delightful", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00264-00135882-00136367": "What is here since said Mr.. Bartlett thinking more of his present position?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00265-00136447-00137054": "Than of Saratoga in general an inclination of the head was her only reply", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00266-00137113-00137711": "This is my first visit he added and I cannot conceive of a summer society gayer", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00267-00137734-00138176": "Or more inspiring. I have no doubt you will find it a very", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00268-00138232-00138551": "favorable place for your business said Bertha", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00269-00138613-00139073": "Maliciously recalling him to his occupation as she thought oh", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00270-00139156-00139294": "I hope so", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00271-00139294-00139760": "Exclaimed the innocent Bartlett for was not his only business in Saratoga", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00272-00139795-00140447": "The Endeavor to make her acquaintance and was the in not really in a fair way to be successful", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00273-00140596-00141254": "Disgusting thought berta as she suddenly turned and sprang up the steps in front of the ladies Drawing-room", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00274-00141289-00141785": "He thinks of nothing, but his already cool cluster. Whatever it is", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00275-00141786-00142140": "I really believe he suspects that I need his services", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00276-00142219-00142695": "That such a man should be so brazen a Charlatan it is monstrous", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00277-00142834-00143072": "Such thoughts were not an auspicious", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00278-00143158-00143774": "Commencement for the day and Berta's friends remarked that she was not in her Sonia's mood", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00279-00143830-00144381": "She was very careful however not to speak of her meeting with the chiropodist", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00280-00144415-00144729": "There would have been no end to a brother's benta", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00281-00144781-00145565": "She was also vexed that she could not forget his owners blue eyes and the fool splendid curves of his mouth", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00282-00145663-00145794": "indignation", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00283-00145794-00146567": "She supposed was a predominant emotion, but in reality there was a strong under feeling of admiration", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00284-00146623-00146829": "Had she been aware of it", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00285-00146905-00147446": "After dinner, Mr.. Bartlett, but you paying the post-observation at his window", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00286-00147520-00147728": "room number 13 for the", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00287-00147832-00147985": "6/7 Story", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00288-00147985-00148185": "saw the Morris Party", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00289-00148213-00148790": "Bertha among them enter a carriage and drive away in the direction of the late", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00290-00148905-00149091": "Alfa now later", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00291-00149091-00149867": "Properly attired he mounted the answer moon at the door of a livery stable and set off in the same direction", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00292-00149965-00150659": "He was an accomplished red Rider his legs being somewhat shorter than was required by Due proportion", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00293-00150757-00151548": "Owing to which circumstance you appeared taller on horseback than a food like a hose man. It was thoroughly", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00294-00151609-00152267": "Self-possessed when in the saddle and could he bet to have ridden into drawing rooms and dining rooms?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00295-00152302-00152957": "We have felt no trace of his customary timidity, but the naughtiest his figure afar off", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00296-00153025-00153416": "Approaching the garage on a rapid trot but made no remark", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00297-00153477-00154112": "Dick who had a quick eye for good points both a man and beast exclaimed by jails", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00298-00154150-00154529": "There's a funfair of them look at the action of that road", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00299-00154570-00155039": "See how the fellow rises at the right moment without leaving his saddle", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00300-00155103-00155735": "Not jumping or bumping there, Mr.. Bartlett came on at a staving face", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00301-00155845-00156431": "Lifting his act to the ladies with perfect grace as he passed you would have blushed", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00302-00156432-00156786": "Who'd he have felt a single ripple of the wave of admiration?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00303-00156840-00157040": "Which flowed after him?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00304-00157077-00157481": "Berta Alone was silent more than ever provoked and", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00305-00157534-00158243": "Disgusted that such a gallant Outward embodiment of manhood should be connected with such disagreable", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00306-00158320-00159002": "Associations and he being anything, but at a ruggedized a singular feeling of shame for his sake", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00307-00159066-00159437": "prevented her from betraying his personality to her friends and", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00308-00159508-00160299": "it came to pass that they no cently defended the very charlatans whom they had so ridiculed in the glen a", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00309-00160324-00160566": "children from a half disparaging", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00310-00160627-00160774": "observations", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00311-00160774-00161478": "After all she thought the man may be honest in his profession which he may look upon as simply that of a physician", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00312-00161563-00161996": "The pain in the team is probably as troublesome as a pain in the head", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00313-00161997-00162363": "and why should not wanna be cured as well as the other a", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00314-00162448-00162953": "Dentist I'm sure is a very respectable person and for my part", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00315-00162953-00163418": "I would as soon operate on a corny to as a Carius tooth", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00316-00163419-00164112": "I would not have your supposed ladies that Miss Morris made use of such already expressions in our", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00317-00164146-00164516": "Conversation I am only putting a thought into my own words", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00318-00164623-00165293": "Still the conclusion to which invariably arrived was I wish he were anything else", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00319-00165346-00166079": "That evening there was a hop at the hotel the Morrisons were enthusiastic dancers even the widow", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00320-00166138-00166460": "butters mother not disdaining a drill", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00321-00166519-00167220": "Mr.. Bartlett in an elegant evening dress his eyes sparkling with new night was there also", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00322-00167287-00167928": "In the course of the day he had encountered a bastion cousin Miss Jenny's at or", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00323-00167974-00168288": "Dashing girl some two or three years older than himself", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00324-00168358-00168794": "She was one of the few women with whom he felt entirely at ease", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00325-00168840-00169172": "There was an earnest suddenly affection between them", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00326-00169173-00169749": "And he always felt relieved in Society when supported by her presence", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00327-00169798-00170490": "Now harry said jane as they entered the room remember the first Scottish belongs to me", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00328-00170524-00170732": "after that, I proved my", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00329-00170785-00171404": "Disinterestedness by finding new partners as he led up on the floor his eyes dropped", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00330-00171451-00172227": "Encountering news of Berta Morris whose floating chill was settling itself to rest as she word out of the ranks", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00331-00172321-00172677": "Poor Berta at Shivan alone, she could have cried", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00332-00172716-00173465": "He danced as well as he rode the splendid mean fellow the answer already chiropodist", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00333-00173524-00173838": "Well, it was all outward punished in doubt", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00334-00173890-00174378": "If it was true that he relieves an ability of great britain of their corns", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00335-00174411-00174800": "You must have acquired something of the elegancies of their society", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00336-00174838-00175391": "But such ease and grace in dancing could not be picked up by mere imitation", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00337-00175438-00176099": "it was a born gift even a brother dick who was looked upon as the highest result of", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00338-00176134-00176361": "fashionable education such matters", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00339-00176416-00176702": "was no Shura or lighter of food a", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00340-00176767-00176961": "Narrator Berta", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00341-00176961-00177588": "We had withdrawn from the dancers and was refreshing herself with a mild night air at an open window", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00342-00177676-00177876": "found herself temporarily", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00343-00177928-00178128": "separated from her friends", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00344-00178141-00178509": "Mr.. Bartlett had evidently been watching for such an opportunity", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00345-00178597-00179375": "For in prison she did engage himself from the crowd and approached her you're fond of Dancing Miss Morris", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00346-00179413-00179593": "said he", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00347-00179593-00179793": "Yes, she answered", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00348-00179842-00179950": "hesitatingly", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00349-00179950-00180103": "divided between our", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00350-00180103-00180543": "determination to repair his effrontery and her inability to do, so", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00351-00180595-00180989": "She turned partly away engaged steadily into the moonshine", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00352-00181072-00181442": "Mr.. Bartlett, however was not to be discouraged", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00353-00181498-00182081": "Still even the most agreeable exercise will fatigue last he remarked oh", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00354-00182182-00182409": "said Berta Rather sharply", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00355-00182470-00183135": "Suspecting a professional meaning in his words my feet are perfectly sound I assure you sir", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00356-00183202-00183331": "it", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00357-00183331-00183870": "Is not to be denied that he was a little surprised at the earnestness of an accession", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00358-00183922-00184461": "Which in a playful that odone would not have seemed out of Place I?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00359-00184522-00184817": "Think you proved that at rental fool", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00360-00184945-00185450": "Rejoined but will you grant me the pleasure of another test during the next good will?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00361-00185497-00186077": "No, further test is necessary, sir. I presume you have patience enough already and", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00362-00186160-00186575": "Having uttered these words as coolly as an indignation allowed", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00363-00186652-00186852": "Bertha Moved away from the window", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00364-00186961-00187208": "Patience said Mr.. Batra to himself", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00365-00187282-00187482": "Huli, Miss apprehending her meaning", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00366-00187531-00188174": "Yes, I shall have patience while there is a chance to hope but why did she speak of patience?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00367-00188236-00188436": "Women I have heard", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00368-00188467-00189258": "Natural diplomatists and have a thousand indirect ways of saying things which they do not wish to speak outright", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00369-00189310-00190011": "But she meant to test the sincerity of my wish to know her it is not to be expected that a stranger", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00370-00190024-00190469": "So awkwardly introduced should be received without hesitation", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00371-00190534-00191249": "Mistress perhaps no no I must persevere she would despise me if I did not understand her meaning", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00372-00191383-00191879": "The following days were cold and rainy there was an end of the day", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00373-00191880-00192534": "I adore life which offered him so many chances of meeting Miss Morris and the fleeting", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00374-00192574-00193314": "Glimpse to the court of our in the great dining hall or the passage leading to the ladies parlor were simply", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00375-00193363-00193563": "tantalizing I have no doubt", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00376-00193591-00194304": "there was a mute appeal in his eyes which which must have troubled the young lady's conscience for she", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00377-00194323-00194515": "Avoiding meeting his gaze", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00378-00194515-00195117": "The knowledge of his presence men are uneasy there wasn't that much fear about the hotel", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00379-00195163-00195384": "Which he would willingly have escaped", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00380-00195442-00196088": "She walked with the consciousness of an hour everywhere following her and in spite of herself", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00381-00196180-00196581": "Furtively sought for it. We who are aware of her", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00382-00196636-00197252": "Mystification may be amused at it, but imagine yourselves in the same situation ladies", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00383-00197253-00197508": "And you will appreciate its auras", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00384-00197593-00198362": "no, this was not longer to be answered and so after five or six days at Saratoga the", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00385-00198363-00198582": "party Suddenly left for Negara", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00386-00198673-00199193": "Bertha an only daughter was a petted child and might have had her own way", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00387-00199222-00199536": "Much oftener that was really the case", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00388-00199588-00200355": "the principal use she made her a privilege was to follow the band of a remarkably free choice and", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00389-00200389-00200642": "confining nature she was just", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00390-00200700-00201140": "unconventional enough to preserve an individuality and thereby", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00391-00201187-00201779": "discrete English a cell from thousands of girls who seem to have been cut out by a single pattern", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00392-00201838-00202505": "The sphere Within which to manhood Rules is much wider than most women suspect to the front", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00393-00202530-00202730": "honest and pure nature", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00394-00202759-00202979": "What are called the bounds of propriety?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00395-00203052-00203441": "are its natural Horizon ring moving with it and", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00396-00203517-00203849": "Including it everywhere without restraining its freedom", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00397-00203862-00204413": "We shall not be surprised to find that shortly after Miss Maris's departure", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00398-00204450-00205055": "group number 13 46 in the qatar National Hotel had another tenant", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00399-00205119-00205892": "Mr.. Bartlett followed as a matter of course he began nevertheless to feel very much like a fool and early", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00400-00205903-00206462": "afterward confessed spent most of the time between utica in the suspension bridge in", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00401-00206538-00207263": "Deliberating whether he should seek or avoid an interview as if such discussions with oneself ever amounted to anything?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00402-00207396-00207881": "Ascertaining the Lady's presence he decided to devote his first day to Negara", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00403-00207921-00208367": "Searching the rest to chance in fact he could not have done a more", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00404-00208398-00208871": "Sensible thing for there is a special chance appointed for such cases", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00405-00208921-00209393": "The Forenoon was not over before he experienced its operations", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00406-00209466-00209786": "Bertha cloaked in Carol in India Aruba", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00407-00209844-00210560": "Stood in the in the Rio Rican date of the maid of the mist as the venturesome letter steamer", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00408-00210606-00210863": "Approached the corner of the Horseshoe fool", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00409-00210946-00211398": "looking up through blinding spray of the shimmer of emerald and", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00410-00211434-00212216": "Dozen silver against the sky she crept nia a broad shouldered figure to shelter cell from the stony guest of the fool", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00411-00212314-00213015": "Suddenly the built wheeled and the very age of a tremendous sheet and swelled away from the vortex", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00412-00213042-00213317": "With the heave which threw her off her feet", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00413-00213379-00214085": "She didn't fall however for strong arms caught her waist steady de entender motion subsided", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00414-00214141-00214688": "Through the rush of the spray and the rule of the four she indistinctly heard a voice", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00415-00214761-00215219": "Apologizing for the answer reminisce way in which the arms at Caesar", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00416-00215286-00215436": "She did not speak", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00417-00215436-00215789": "fearful in fact of having a mouth filled with water", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00418-00215848-00216566": "but frankly gave the gentleman her hand the monkish figure bailed low over the wet fingers and", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00419-00216634-00217205": "Respectfully withdrew as the mist cleared away, she encountered familiar eyes", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00420-00217269-00217535": "Was it possible the chiropodist?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00421-00217588-00217998": "this discovery gave birth our new little uneasiness a", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00422-00218026-00218684": "Subtle instinct told her that she had failed on her account in spite of a coolness feet", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00423-00218758-00219203": "Perhaps he has left a lucrative practice at Saratoga and why?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00424-00219250-00219941": "There was but one answer to the question and she blushed thankfully as she admitted its possibility", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00425-00220003-00220173": "What was to be done?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00426-00220173-00220970": "She would tell her brother, but no young men are so rash and violent avoid him that was difficult and embarrassing", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00427-00221113-00221550": "Ignore him yes as much as possible and if necessary", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00428-00221638-00222252": "Frankly tell him that she could not accept his acquaintance under all this course seemed", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00429-00222252-00222497": "best though an involuntary", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00430-00222561-00223076": "Sympathy with her victim made her wish that it were all over in the afternoon", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00431-00223161-00223943": "Mr.. Morris as usUal took a summer sister dick a child a friend and was whirling somewhere behind a", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00432-00223944-00224144": "pair of the Sauces and", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00433-00224194-00224380": "Finally Verta", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00434-00224380-00225057": "Bored by the Society in the Ladies parlor took her hat and looked and looked over to good Island", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00435-00225082-00225869": "She made the circuit of its forests and flashing without views and finally selected a shady seat on its western side", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00436-00225952-00226364": "when she could look out on the film stairs of the rapids the", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00437-00226438-00227133": "Unnecessary book lay in a lap a more wonderful book than any printed volume lay open before", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00438-00227198-00227531": "Who shall Dare to Interpret the Dare dream of a Maiden?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00439-00227610-00227905": "soothes that by the mellow Roll of the waters", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00440-00228000-00228742": "fascinated by the momentary leaps of stray from the fluted Shall kept hollows are the descending ways and", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00441-00228765-00229121": "freshened by the wind that blew from the cold Canadian shore", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00442-00229176-00229792": "She nursed her word weeds of Fancy gym. They blossomed into brighter than Garden flowers", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00443-00229878-00230010": "Meanwhile A", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00444-00230010-00230644": "Thundercloud Rose Darken Swift in the West the menaces of its coming were unheard and", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00445-00230679-00231370": "Bertha was first recalled to consciousness by the sudden blast of cool wind that precedes a ram", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00446-00231477-00231905": "Once she looked up the great death of storm already arched", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00447-00231905-00232552": "I over the Canadian woods and big drops began to wrap under shingly bang below up a", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00448-00232592-00232835": "Little Further down was a summerhouse", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00449-00232892-00233459": "Opened to the West it is true, but it offered the only chance of Shelter within view", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00450-00233514-00234148": "she had barely reached it before a heavy peal of thunder shattered the boost of the rain and", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00451-00234180-00234475": "It rushed down in an overwhelming flood", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00452-00234603-00235171": "Mounted on the bench and crushed in the least exposed corner. She was endeavouring", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00453-00235257-00235855": "But with met partial success to shelter ourselves from the driving flood when a man", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00454-00235898-00236132": "coming from the opposite end of the Island", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00455-00236184-00236735": "Rushed up at full speed here. He panted Miss Morris. Take this umbrella", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00456-00236739-00237271": "I saw you at a distance and made haste to reach him. I hope you not wept", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00457-00237330-00237949": "The spacious umbrella was instantly clapped over her and the inevitable a ruggedized", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00458-00237978-00238492": "Placed himself in in front to steady it fully exposed to the rain", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00459-00238560-00239158": "But I was not proof against this gallant self-sacrifice in the surprise of the storm", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00460-00239198-00239644": "The roar of which mingled with that of the fool many continuous", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00461-00239757-00239904": "opium the", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00462-00239904-00240629": "Companionship of any human being was a relief and she felt grateful for professor, but survival", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00463-00240732-00241115": "Shiro buddies though he was must not suffer from her sage", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00464-00241169-00241942": "Here said she lifting the umbrella it will shelter us booth quick, ancestor permit singh that is a date", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00465-00242021-00242716": "There was really no time for bali for every drop first into the skin and the next moment", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00466-00242763-00242969": "found implanted before our", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00467-00243036-00243775": "Interposing a double shield he stand her anxiety for a sake quite suffering bertha how ungrateful", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00468-00243813-00244013": "She had been", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00469-00244059-00244429": "This is the second time. I'm obliged to you today, sir", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00470-00244430-00244931": "She said she I'm sorry that I have unintentionally given you trouble oh", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00471-00244989-00245653": "Miss Morris cried the delighted but late don't mention it. It's nothing. I'm quite unfit. You know", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00472-00245717-00246511": "You might be now in a place of shelter but for me. She answered penitently. I'd rather be here than anywhere else", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00473-00246579-00247355": "Exclaimed in a burst of Kenda which quite over leaps the barrier of self position and came down on the other side", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00474-00247377-00247877": "if she would allow me to be your friend Miss Morris if she would permit me to", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00475-00247946-00248245": "to speak with you now, and then if if", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00476-00248334-00248542": "He are imposed not knowing precisely", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00477-00248604-00248757": "what more to say", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00478-00248757-00249205": "Yet feeling that he had already said enough to make his meaning clear", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00479-00249339-00249727": "Berta was cruelly embarrassed, but only for a moment", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00480-00249792-00250273": "Professor Albert had at least been Frank and honest in his world", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00481-00250311-00250946": "She felt it sincerity through and through and he deserved equal honesty at her hands I", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00482-00251010-00251178": "am your debtor", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00483-00251178-00251926": "In an uncertain voice and you have a right to expect gratitude at least from me. I cannot therefore", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00484-00251988-00252349": "refuse your acquaintance though as you know your", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00485-00252441-00252555": "your", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00486-00252555-00253283": "Occupation would be considered objectionable by many persons my occupation your profession them I?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00487-00253317-00253774": "Must candidly confess that they have a prejudice foolish juan perez", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00488-00253844-00254419": "Against it my profession cried the astonished bartlet. Why have none", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00489-00254505-00254834": "Well, it is scarcely to be called a profession", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00490-00254841-00255271": "But it is always liable to the charge of Charlatan ism", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00491-00255309-00256037": "Pardon me the world and it may be a ridicule in so many ways I wish for your sake for I believe you to be", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00492-00256073-00256466": "Capable of better things that you would adopt some other business", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00493-00256575-00257126": "Mr.. Bartlett's Amazement with now being all bands good heavens exclaimed", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00494-00257211-00257411": "Miss Morris, what do you mean?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00495-00257508-00257767": "Starting up from the bench as he uttered these words", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00496-00257811-00258547": "Just saw Bertha's book from around the leaves parties and falling and a large card escaping from between them", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00497-00258591-00258791": "fluttered down upon the floor", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00498-00258804-00259487": "Pet it up and restored it to her with the book there. She answered even the card back again", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00499-00259503-00260246": "There is there is what I mean must I give you your own car in order to acquaint you with your own business", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00500-00260321-00260654": "Mr.. Bartlett looked at it for a second in Blank amazement", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00501-00260723-00261142": "then like a flash of lightning the whole course of the", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00502-00261201-00261641": "Misunderstanding flashed across his mind. He burst I'm ashamed to say", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00503-00261705-00261852": "into a tremendous", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00504-00261852-00262589": "Paroxysm of mingled tears in laughter, we're not so strong and Masculine man. I should say hysterics", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00505-00262644-00263410": "Invade his toil to find words at every tent a fresh conversion of laughter seized in and tears", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00506-00263460-00263746": "mingle with rain flowed down his cheeks", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00507-00263817-00264289": "Berta Began to be alarmed at the strange and unexpected convention", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00508-00264369-00264601": "Professor harbour should say what's the matter?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00509-00264693-00264997": "Professor Albert he repeated in a faint", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00510-00265068-00265820": "Scofield ebola scream then striving to suppress his uncontrollable fit of delight and comical surprise", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00511-00265854-00266366": "He sank upon the bench at her feet shaking from head to foot with the effort", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00512-00266445-00267163": "Aha yet, laughs panted forth as if eating an atlas load from his art and stood erect before", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00513-00267260-00267622": "With with his face still fleshed a nice sparkling", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00514-00267642-00268169": "He was as inserm an embodiment of youth and life as one who would wish to see", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00515-00268242-00268876": "Into words he explained to our mistake on running which Berta bloch deeply saying", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00516-00268935-00269264": "How could I ever have supposed it and then?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00517-00269316-00269728": "Reflecting upon the inferences which could be drawn from such an expression", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00518-00269790-00270247": "Became suddenly shy and silent of course she accepted, Mr.", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00519-00270267-00270949": "Bartlett Escort to the hotel when the rain was over and he was presented to the agonized mother", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00520-00270972-00271739": "Who hailed him as a deliverer of her daughter from Untold dangers and privately remarked afterwards to the letter?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00521-00271794-00272095": "Upon my word a very nice young man, my dear", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00522-00272169-00272725": "Dicks commendation was known as emphatic for different expressed a good fellow", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00523-00272763-00273076": "Were made in the shadows in Flames fine action?", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00524-00273102-00273302": "but one set of training", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00525-00273315-00273958": "By this time ladies you have probably guessed the conclusion my story would never be agreeable", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00526-00273981-00274313": "No, true. I'm relating facts you", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00527-00274313-00274819": "They were not married and did not have two children and live happy ever after", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00528-00274872-00275474": "Married they were in the course of time and eppie they also are for I visit them now in them", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00529-00275529-00275861": "One thing I had nearly forgotten when Mrs.", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00530-00275861-00276424": "Bartlett choses to tease her husband in that playful way, so delightful to married lovers", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00531-00276450-00276761": "She enviably calls him professor herbert", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00532-00276828-00277232": "while he retorts with miss Lawrence of South Carolina", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00533-00277317-00277494": "moreover in Mrs", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00534-00277494-00278261": "Bartlet's Confession Little boudoir over a work stand hangs a neatly framed card where our new married", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00535-00278298-00278481": "professor Herbert", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00536-00278481-00279043": "chiropodist to a majesty Queen Victoria and the nobility of Great Britain and", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00537-00279129-00279329": "of section", "fL4yPTDpF1c-00538-00279348-00279548": "26"}}, {"audio_id": "fLri9eo6r3I", "text": {"fLri9eo6r3I-00000-00000006-00000976": "Ghamasan Talks LIVE: बहुआयामी व्यक्तित्व (Multi-Faceted Personality) के धनी Devendra bansal", "fLri9eo6r3I-00001-00000998-00001048": "Ghamasan Talks LIVE: बहुआयामी व्यक्तित्व (Multi-Faceted Personality) के धनी Devendra bansal", "fLri9eo6r3I-00002-00001048-00001338": "Ghamasan Talks LIVE: बहुआयामी व्यक्तित्व (Multi-Faceted Personality) के धनी Devendra bansal", "fLri9eo6r3I-00003-00001536-00001586": "Ghamasan Talks LIVE: बहुआयामी व्यक्तित्व (Multi-Faceted Personality) के धनी Devendra bansal", "fLri9eo6r3I-00004-00001616-00001917": "Ghamasan Talks LIVE: बहुआयामी व्यक्तित्व (Multi-Faceted Personality) के धनी Devendra bansal", "fLri9eo6r3I-00005-00001917-00002107": "Ghamasan Talks LIVE: बहुआयामी व्यक्तित्व (Multi-Faceted Personality) के धनी Devendra 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{"fLwSYq0pZjo-00000-00000048-00000198": "Hi there, all my Realtor friends.", "fLwSYq0pZjo-00001-00000200-00000398": "This is Larry Gould with music to your inbox.", "fLwSYq0pZjo-00002-00000400-00000553": "And this week, I just want to tell you", "fLwSYq0pZjo-00003-00000556-00000786": "about a home education class I'm preparing.", "fLwSYq0pZjo-00004-00000789-00001162": "It's going to be done on zoom, and it's specifically for people that are", "fLwSYq0pZjo-00005-00001165-00001406": "looking to buy now or even in the near future.", "fLwSYq0pZjo-00006-00001409-00001838": "We're going to be going through the whole home buying process with a special focus", "fLwSYq0pZjo-00007-00001839-00002246": "on the mortgage aspect, from soup to nuts, all the way through.", "fLwSYq0pZjo-00008-00002249-00002466": "So if you have any buyers or would be", "fLwSYq0pZjo-00009-00002469-00002938": "buyers that you believe could benefit from this class, please let me know,", "fLwSYq0pZjo-00010-00002940-00003365": "and I'd be happy to schedule it at a convenient time for your buyers.", "fLwSYq0pZjo-00011-00003368-00003700": "My name is Larry Gould, and that's you surrounded by gold."}}, {"audio_id": "fLZw5k_m2uI", "text": {"fLZw5k_m2uI-00000-00000200-00000896": "this last one for you on one of my earlier promotions. because of your fault, youtube", "fLZw5k_m2uI-00001-00000896-00001792": "made it lose long view, although the promotion purity for that one is 99.12", "fLZw5k_m2uI-00002-00001944-00002592": "for the newest one, is 99.5 because only two views weren't counted."}}, {"audio_id": "fM8Efk_35i0", "text": {"fM8Efk_35i0-00000-00000125-00000564": "The countdown has begun until Amy Roloff marries Chris Marek.", "fM8Efk_35i0-00001-00000564-00000696": "They have the wedding date.", "fM8Efk_35i0-00002-00000696-00001009": "After much debate, they even agreed upon a venue.", "fM8Efk_35i0-00003-00001009-00001425": "But first, Amy and Chris are off on a roadtrip for a very sweet reason.", "fM8Efk_35i0-00004-00001425-00001804": "On Friday, June 4, Amy Roloff took to her Instagram Stories.", "fM8Efk_35i0-00005-00001804-00003826": "As she has done many times in the past, she shared a glimpse of her road trip.", "fM8Efk_35i0-00006-00003826-00004236": "Amy and Chris have enjoyed numerous road trips over the years, and Amy loves to document", "fM8Efk_35i0-00007-00004236-00004384": "them for her fans.", "fM8Efk_35i0-00008-00004384-00004760": "When Amy and Chris took a pit stop, Amy shed some light on the context of the excursion.", "fM8Efk_35i0-00009-00004760-00005075": "\"We're on our way to Idaho,\" she revealed.", "fM8Efk_35i0-00010-00005075-00005376": "Amy shared that they were traveling \"to see some of Chris' family.\"", "fM8Efk_35i0-00011-00005376-00005703": "\"His niece is graduating,\" Amy added.", "fM8Efk_35i0-00012-00005703-00005976": "June is a big month for high school graduations.", "fM8Efk_35i0-00013-00005976-00006200": "\"So how fun is that?\"", "fM8Efk_35i0-00014-00006200-00006408": "Amy asked, \"because road trips are fun.\"", "fM8Efk_35i0-00015-00006408-00006600": "\"I hope y'all have a great weekend,\" Amy expressed.", "fM8Efk_35i0-00016-00006600-00006806": "She explained her well-wishes \"cause I might not have cell service.\"", "fM8Efk_35i0-00017-00006806-00006927": "Amy then invited her countless fans and followers to \"Have a good time!\"", "fM8Efk_35i0-00018-00006927-00007448": "Amy recently dropped some fresh new wedding details in a post shared just a few days before", "fM8Efk_35i0-00019-00007448-00007548": "the trip.", "fM8Efk_35i0-00020-00007548-00007648": "\"Wow!", "fM8Efk_35i0-00021-00007648-00007748": "It’s June already.", "fM8Efk_35i0-00022-00007748-00008089": "About 89 days til our BIG - the wedding,\" she remarked.", "fM8Efk_35i0-00023-00008089-00008227": "\"Time is flying by,\" Amy added.", "fM8Efk_35i0-00024-00008227-00008404": "\"We’re getting excited about it.", "fM8Efk_35i0-00025-00008404-00008504": "Woohoo!\"", "fM8Efk_35i0-00026-00008504-00008954": "On this season of Little People, Big World, we saw Matt push an idea for his ex-wife's", "fM8Efk_35i0-00027-00008954-00009054": "wedding.", "fM8Efk_35i0-00028-00009054-00009500": "He suggested that Amy and Chris, in light of many factors including COVID-19, hold the", "fM8Efk_35i0-00029-00009500-00009715": "wedding on Roloff Farms.", "fM8Efk_35i0-00030-00009715-00010186": "The 110 acre property could make a picturesque and very convenient wedding venue.", "fM8Efk_35i0-00031-00010186-00010705": "However, for some very understandable reasons, Amy was deeply reluctant at first.", "fM8Efk_35i0-00032-00010705-00011081": "The Farm is where she and Matt lived as husband and wife for many years.", "fM8Efk_35i0-00033-00011081-00011253": "It's where they raised their kids.", "fM8Efk_35i0-00034-00011253-00011749": "It's also where Amy and Matt lived separately as former spouses for quite a few years.", "fM8Efk_35i0-00035-00011749-00012221": "Before that, it's the place where Matt met, fell in love with, and presumably cheated", "fM8Efk_35i0-00036-00012221-00012393": "with Caryn Chandler.", "fM8Efk_35i0-00037-00012393-00012702": "So yes, that is an emotionally complicated location.", "fM8Efk_35i0-00038-00012702-00012947": "Amy's reluctance was extremely understandable.", "fM8Efk_35i0-00039-00012947-00013243": "However, it did not last forever.", "fM8Efk_35i0-00040-00013243-00013555": "That season was filmed many months before Amy made her final decision.", "fM8Efk_35i0-00041-00013555-00013962": "Ultimately, she and Chris chose to accept Matt's offer.", "fM8Efk_35i0-00042-00013962-00014366": "Amy and Caryn do not like each other, but even they called a truce.", "fM8Efk_35i0-00043-00014366-00014594": "Everyone is onboard to make this wedding happen.", "fM8Efk_35i0-00044-00014594-00015066": "\"Amy and Chris are now planning to have the wedding at the farm,\" an insider previously", "fM8Efk_35i0-00045-00015066-00015166": "revealed.", "fM8Efk_35i0-00046-00015166-00015302": "\"And,\" the source added, \"it will be in three months.\"", "fM8Efk_35i0-00047-00015302-00015444": "The insider characterized that \"things are coming together.\"", "fM8Efk_35i0-00048-00015444-00015654": "\"It was Matt's idea initially,\" the source shared at the time.", "fM8Efk_35i0-00049-00015654-00015819": "\"And,\" the insider added, \"Caryn went along with it.\"", "fM8Efk_35i0-00050-00015819-00016256": "The source explained that Caryn agreed \"because they are trying to keep things cordial between", "fM8Efk_35i0-00051-00016256-00016356": "them all.\"", "fM8Efk_35i0-00052-00016356-00016745": "\"The reason Amy didn't want to have it at the farm at first is because of the emotional", "fM8Efk_35i0-00053-00016745-00016961": "history there,\" the insider explained.", "fM8Efk_35i0-00054-00016961-00017061": "Obviously.", "fM8Efk_35i0-00055-00017061-00017425": "\"And,\" the source detailed, \"she didn't know if everyone was on the same page yet.\"", "fM8Efk_35i0-00056-00017425-00017619": "\"Caryn isn't a huge fan of Amy,\" the insider admitted.", "fM8Efk_35i0-00057-00017619-00017849": "\"She feels they are more acquaintances than friends,\" the source characterized.", "fM8Efk_35i0-00058-00017849-00018167": "\"But,\" the insider reasoned, \"she just wants Matt and the family to be happy and for everyone", "fM8Efk_35i0-00059-00018167-00018645": "to move on.\""}}, {"audio_id": "fMBY6jIsbAE", "text": {"fMBY6jIsbAE-00000-00007209-00010003": "The Weeknd x 6lack", "fMBY6jIsbAE-00001-00010003-00011338": "•LEVITACIA•", "fMBY6jIsbAE-00002-00011338-00015340": "Trapsoul Type Beat", "fMBY6jIsbAE-00003-00015340-00018007": "•Alexx Melo•"}}, {"audio_id": "fMLK1szKgmA", "text": {"fMLK1szKgmA-00000-00000000-00000214": "WELCOME TO ALL HANDS UPDATE.", "fMLK1szKgmA-00001-00000214-00000413": "HERE'S WHAT'S HAPPENING AROUND YOUR NAVY.", "fMLK1szKgmA-00002-00000463-00000694": "FOR THOSE SAILORS 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"fMLK1szKgmA-00014-00003263-00003440": "THE APP IS DESIGNED TO PROVIDE SAILORS WITH", "fMLK1szKgmA-00015-00003440-00003673": "ANYTIME, ANYWHERE ACCESS TO BOTH TRAINING AND", "fMLK1szKgmA-00016-00003673-00003917": "RESOURCES HELPING THEM MAKE INFORMED DECISIONS", "fMLK1szKgmA-00017-00003917-00004060": "ABOUT THEIR FINANCIAL FUTURE.", "fMLK1szKgmA-00018-00004104-00004290": "TO FIND THE FREE APP, SEARCH \"NAVY FINANCIAL", "fMLK1szKgmA-00019-00004290-00004517": "LITERACY\" IN YOUR APP STORE OR WEB BROWSER.", "fMLK1szKgmA-00020-00004564-00004714": "YOU CAN READ MORE ABOUT WHAT'S HAPPENING AROUND", "fMLK1szKgmA-00021-00004714-00004871": "YOUR NAVY AT NAVY.MIL."}}, {"audio_id": "fMQfnOdznEc", "text": {"fMQfnOdznEc-00000-00000000-00000175": "Hi, bee recapped  here ,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00001-00000175-00000373": "Today I am going to explain", "fMQfnOdznEc-00002-00000373-00000805": "Australian Science fiction Thriller film  called “I Am Mother”", "fMQfnOdznEc-00003-00000805-00000924": "Spoilers ahead,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00004-00000924-00001170": "Watch out and take care", "fMQfnOdznEc-00006-00001313-00001525": "In the beginning of the movies, we are shown the", "fMQfnOdznEc-00007-00001525-00001680": "relationship of a girl with a robot", "fMQfnOdznEc-00008-00001680-00001976": "In movies, we are shown how robots see the world", "fMQfnOdznEc-00009-00001976-00002271": "A technical robot appears at the start of the film", "fMQfnOdznEc-00010-00002271-00002513": "In the movie, it is called \"Mother Robot\"", "fMQfnOdznEc-00011-00002513-00002771": "He had placed a fetus in a glass jar", "fMQfnOdznEc-00012-00002771-00003009": "And that mother robot took great care of it", "fMQfnOdznEc-00013-00003009-00003189": "There was a time period for it", "fMQfnOdznEc-00014-00003189-00003408": "After this fetus had grown into a baby", "fMQfnOdznEc-00015-00003408-00003592": "then it seems the time was up", "fMQfnOdznEc-00016-00003592-00003815": "And that baby was a lovely baby girl", "fMQfnOdznEc-00017-00003815-00004014": "She is called daughter in this film", "fMQfnOdznEc-00018-00004014-00004427": "That mother robot was very happy from her She feeds her food and also talks", "fMQfnOdznEc-00019-00004427-00004690": "And she  used to tell the story of the around", "fMQfnOdznEc-00020-00004690-00004989": "Mother Robot used to teach her books, and also told", "fMQfnOdznEc-00021-00004989-00005171": "that human beings have perished", "fMQfnOdznEc-00022-00005171-00005368": "They become the victim of an infection", "fMQfnOdznEc-00023-00005368-00005628": "That girl was youngest but most smartest", "fMQfnOdznEc-00024-00005628-00005952": "Now this cute little girl was 7 to 8 years old", "fMQfnOdznEc-00025-00005952-00006196": "One day , she asks her mother, Mother!", "fMQfnOdznEc-00026-00006196-00006341": "Who were all human beings?", "fMQfnOdznEc-00027-00006341-00006490": "Where did they disappear?", "fMQfnOdznEc-00028-00006490-00006646": "So her mother says ,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00029-00006646-00007128": "My daughter! One infection ended the lives of all human beings as I told you", "fMQfnOdznEc-00030-00007128-00007411": "While some human beings became the victims of the war", "fMQfnOdznEc-00031-00007411-00007705": "It means , humans used to fight with one another", "fMQfnOdznEc-00032-00007705-00008034": "In this way, they were died While some of them fell ill", "fMQfnOdznEc-00033-00008034-00008374": "Afterwards, all humans died There is no one on the Earth now", "fMQfnOdznEc-00034-00008374-00008721": "Even it is barren as they destroyed all the land during the war", "fMQfnOdznEc-00035-00008721-00009145": "That mother robot tells her daughter, the outside air is also polluted", "fMQfnOdznEc-00036-00009145-00009524": "My daughter! This is the cause that I don't allow you to go outside", "fMQfnOdznEc-00037-00009524-00009853": "Mother daughter used to talk endearingly with her daughter", "fMQfnOdznEc-00038-00009853-00010195": "That daughter also used to respect her more even though she was a little girl", "fMQfnOdznEc-00039-00010195-00010532": "Otherwise, mother robot used to teach her way of talking,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00040-00010532-00010699": "eating and manners", "fMQfnOdznEc-00041-00010699-00011029": "In the same way , as a perfect mother teaches her children", "fMQfnOdznEc-00042-00011029-00011401": "The daughter was also growing perfectly, having good health and height", "fMQfnOdznEc-00043-00011401-00011696": "She was also learning all ethics and code of conduct", "fMQfnOdznEc-00044-00011696-00011907": "She was also very intelligent", "fMQfnOdznEc-00045-00011907-00012154": "Mother robot also used to take her class", "fMQfnOdznEc-00046-00012154-00012473": "And she used to take her IQ test after a few days", "fMQfnOdznEc-00047-00012473-00012617": "How much is she learning?", "fMQfnOdznEc-00048-00012617-00012895": "After this, daughter asks that mother robot", "fMQfnOdznEc-00049-00012895-00013223": "How was I born? If all human beings were died", "fMQfnOdznEc-00050-00013223-00013385": "How did I survive alone?", "fMQfnOdznEc-00051-00013385-00013588": "Then mother robot reveals to her,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00052-00013588-00013943": "You did not survive! I myself have created you!", "fMQfnOdznEc-00053-00013943-00014282": "I had your fetus through which I created you while growing it", "fMQfnOdznEc-00054-00014282-00014389": "A lovely daughter!", "fMQfnOdznEc-00055-00014389-00014608": "She also showing her the other fetus", "fMQfnOdznEc-00056-00014608-00015008": "She tells, they will also grow in this lab exactly like you!", "fMQfnOdznEc-00057-00015008-00015146": "They will also stay here", "fMQfnOdznEc-00058-00015146-00015397": "In this way, time continues to pass", "fMQfnOdznEc-00059-00015397-00015725": "This conversation continues between mother and daughter", "fMQfnOdznEc-00060-00015725-00016027": "And mother does not let her daughter sense the outside World", "fMQfnOdznEc-00061-00016027-00016384": "Then it is seen, that daughter has grown up to 18 years old", "fMQfnOdznEc-00062-00016384-00016655": "Daughter is reading something, lying down there", "fMQfnOdznEc-00063-00016655-00016857": "Then the light off that lab is gone", "fMQfnOdznEc-00064-00016857-00017124": "The daughter takes it ugly because it never happened before", "fMQfnOdznEc-00065-00017124-00017340": "She checks , standing up", "fMQfnOdznEc-00066-00017340-00017720": "She notices that a few wires of the lab system have been damaged", "fMQfnOdznEc-00067-00017720-00018003": "And she glance a mouse about which she had no knowledge", "fMQfnOdznEc-00068-00018003-00018243": "Because she never had a see of any species", "fMQfnOdznEc-00069-00018243-00018448": "of outside World, In against of this,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00070-00018448-00018784": "he begins to fix the wires, locking the mouse in a place", "fMQfnOdznEc-00071-00018784-00019130": "Because she had the knowledge to establish the deformity of the lab", "fMQfnOdznEc-00072-00019130-00019332": "How does its power set activated", "fMQfnOdznEc-00073-00019332-00019623": "At that time, mother robot was being charged", "fMQfnOdznEc-00074-00019623-00019911": "So the daughter herself fixes all wires of light", "fMQfnOdznEc-00075-00019911-00020133": "Due to this , it is restored", "fMQfnOdznEc-00076-00020133-00020344": "Then she start to watch that mouse carefully", "fMQfnOdznEc-00077-00020344-00020542": "Then mother robot arrives there", "fMQfnOdznEc-00078-00020542-00020825": "She says to her, from where did this mouse come?", "fMQfnOdznEc-00079-00020825-00021005": "From where have you caught this mouse?", "fMQfnOdznEc-00080-00021005-00021265": "Then daughter reveals the whole story to her", "fMQfnOdznEc-00081-00021265-00021584": "Mother robot says, Its arrival is not good here!", "fMQfnOdznEc-00082-00021584-00021879": "And he burns it in the furnace with that glass jar", "fMQfnOdznEc-00083-00021879-00022091": "Daughter feels pain because of this", "fMQfnOdznEc-00084-00022091-00022285": "She says, It was alive!", "fMQfnOdznEc-00085-00022285-00022437": "Mother robot says,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00086-00022437-00022644": "Everything is destroyed outside!", "fMQfnOdznEc-00087-00022644-00022825": "And humans are infected", "fMQfnOdznEc-00088-00022825-00023131": "What do you think that animals had been saved from this infection?", "fMQfnOdznEc-00089-00023131-00023383": "The outside thing should not come inside", "fMQfnOdznEc-00090-00023383-00023554": "And I did for you improvement!", "fMQfnOdznEc-00091-00023554-00023767": "But the daughter does not feel good on this", "fMQfnOdznEc-00092-00023767-00024076": "She thinks that there is certainly something in outside World!", "fMQfnOdznEc-00093-00024076-00024260": "So the mouse appeared here", "fMQfnOdznEc-00094-00024260-00024502": "When mother robot is on charging at night", "fMQfnOdznEc-00095-00024502-00024763": "Then the daughter wears her protective suit and thinks,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00096-00024763-00024991": "That I will go to view the outside world", "fMQfnOdznEc-00097-00024991-00025225": "Mother robot will not know about it", "fMQfnOdznEc-00098-00025225-00025456": "As the daughter unlocks the door of her lab,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00099-00025456-00025632": "Then there is a lady before her", "fMQfnOdznEc-00100-00025632-00025817": "That lady was not in good condition", "fMQfnOdznEc-00101-00025817-00025959": "She was looking weak", "fMQfnOdznEc-00102-00025959-00026126": "She requests the daughter,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00103-00026126-00026177": "Help me!", "fMQfnOdznEc-00104-00026177-00026417": "Daughter examines her , going near her", "fMQfnOdznEc-00105-00026417-00026728": "Daughter also makes her wear the protective suit Meanwhile,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00106-00026728-00026881": "mother robot is fully charged", "fMQfnOdznEc-00107-00026881-00027213": "She asks the daughter when she notices the opened door of lab", "fMQfnOdznEc-00108-00027213-00027358": "She starts to call her", "fMQfnOdznEc-00109-00027358-00027547": "When the daughter comes before her,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00110-00027547-00027862": "Then she asks, For which cause did you go outside?", "fMQfnOdznEc-00111-00027862-00028207": "Why is this door open? So the daughter keeps silent before her", "fMQfnOdznEc-00112-00028207-00028446": "And He doesn't tell anything about the woman", "fMQfnOdznEc-00113-00028446-00028834": "Mother robot says, I will send you outside when the right time will come", "fMQfnOdznEc-00114-00028834-00029032": "Never ever open this door now!", "fMQfnOdznEc-00115-00029032-00029348": "Otherwise, the outside infection will spread inside", "fMQfnOdznEc-00116-00029348-00029568": "Now it is the time of your IQ test!", "fMQfnOdznEc-00117-00029568-00029770": "And she goes to take her test", "fMQfnOdznEc-00118-00029770-00030144": "As mother robot, leaves, handing over her daughter a device,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00119-00030144-00030441": "Taking the chance of it, daughter comes to the same place,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00120-00030441-00030655": "Where that Injured lady was present!", "fMQfnOdznEc-00121-00030655-00030821": "She gives her water to drink", "fMQfnOdznEc-00122-00030821-00031049": "And the daughter says to this lady,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00123-00031049-00031166": "You may stay here!", "fMQfnOdznEc-00124-00031166-00031356": "I arrange medicine for you!", "fMQfnOdznEc-00125-00031356-00031609": "Meantime, mother robot arrives there", "fMQfnOdznEc-00126-00031609-00031926": "She comes into angry, seeing both together in the lab", "fMQfnOdznEc-00127-00031926-00032353": "Going there, she catches that lady and begins to pain her while injuring her", "fMQfnOdznEc-00128-00032353-00032639": "Then daughter says to mother robot immediately,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00129-00032639-00032742": "Don't do as such!", "fMQfnOdznEc-00130-00032742-00033108": "You told that outside World is infected but she is not!", "fMQfnOdznEc-00131-00033108-00033278": "She has weakened because of the Famine", "fMQfnOdznEc-00132-00033278-00033658": "Serve her some vegetables and crops which you are growing outside", "fMQfnOdznEc-00133-00033658-00034019": "As you serve me water and food! She is also a human like me", "fMQfnOdznEc-00134-00034019-00034135": "We should help her", "fMQfnOdznEc-00135-00034135-00034309": "Mother robot says, Alright!", "fMQfnOdznEc-00136-00034309-00034476": "I will also treatment her!", "fMQfnOdznEc-00137-00034476-00034814": "She may not be infected but I will do just for you my daughter!", "fMQfnOdznEc-00138-00034814-00035015": "But that lady clears, No!", "fMQfnOdznEc-00139-00035015-00035216": "I will not get treatment!", "fMQfnOdznEc-00140-00035216-00035387": "I am perfect and not infected", "fMQfnOdznEc-00141-00035387-00035837": "Exactly, she had no mark on her body which informed that she is infected", "fMQfnOdznEc-00142-00035837-00036242": "She was communicating consciously and her mind was also working perfectly", "fMQfnOdznEc-00143-00036242-00036555": "Being astonished, the daughter says to her mother robot,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00144-00036555-00036850": "She is alright! Where are the symptoms of infection?", "fMQfnOdznEc-00145-00036850-00037132": "What does this infection affect? Daughter says", "fMQfnOdznEc-00146-00037132-00037365": "As this lady has approached in our lab", "fMQfnOdznEc-00147-00037365-00037595": "There may be human in the outside World", "fMQfnOdznEc-00148-00037595-00037938": "And they may need our assistance! Then mother robot says,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00149-00037938-00038206": "No!Those were humans who had anticipated that", "fMQfnOdznEc-00150-00038206-00038420": "this World is nearly to meet its end", "fMQfnOdznEc-00151-00038420-00038764": "And the human beings themselves will not remain alive in this World", "fMQfnOdznEc-00152-00038764-00039057": "It is possible that she had hidden herself somewhere", "fMQfnOdznEc-00153-00039057-00039212": "And she may have arrived here", "fMQfnOdznEc-00154-00039212-00039436": "Mother robot says to her daughter,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00155-00039436-00039871": "Go! And serve her food and ask her, Is there any survivor outside?", "fMQfnOdznEc-00156-00039871-00040100": "What is the condition of the outside World?", "fMQfnOdznEc-00157-00040100-00040342": "Because you are also a human being like her", "fMQfnOdznEc-00158-00040342-00040566": "And you can converse with each other friendly", "fMQfnOdznEc-00159-00040566-00040724": "She is frightening from me!", "fMQfnOdznEc-00160-00040724-00040911": "When daughter arrives that lady,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00161-00040911-00041244": "She says , Go Away! You people have targeted me!", "fMQfnOdznEc-00162-00041244-00041327": "I am injured", "fMQfnOdznEc-00163-00041327-00041486": "Then daughter says, Come!", "fMQfnOdznEc-00164-00041486-00041709": "I take you bullet out of your body!", "fMQfnOdznEc-00165-00041709-00041986": "Kindly trust us! We will not harm you", "fMQfnOdznEc-00166-00041986-00042105": "That lady agrees", "fMQfnOdznEc-00167-00042105-00042472": "Then she is operated in which that bullet is remove from her body", "fMQfnOdznEc-00168-00042472-00042804": "That lady begins to talk with the daughter after being recovered", "fMQfnOdznEc-00169-00042804-00043066": "She tells her, You cannot rely on a robot!", "fMQfnOdznEc-00170-00043066-00043485": "Outside World's robots attacked us while cheat us and killed everyone", "fMQfnOdznEc-00171-00043485-00043638": "We are only a few survivors", "fMQfnOdznEc-00172-00043638-00043937": "Beware! you are living with a robot here,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00173-00043937-00044234": "You are not secure here for a long time Accompany me!", "fMQfnOdznEc-00174-00044234-00044536": "We will live outside and restore the condition of the world", "fMQfnOdznEc-00175-00044536-00044674": "She becomes emotional", "fMQfnOdznEc-00176-00044674-00045041": "Daughter goes to the mother robot while believing in that lady's story", "fMQfnOdznEc-00177-00045041-00045350": "Mother robot says, I have already heard your Discussion!", "fMQfnOdznEc-00178-00045350-00045614": "Then mother robot convinces her saying,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00179-00045614-00045830": "You have been living with me for many years,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00180-00045830-00046036": "And I have kept you with great affections", "fMQfnOdznEc-00181-00046036-00046185": "I am like you mother", "fMQfnOdznEc-00182-00046185-00046457": "And you will go against me for the sake of another lady", "fMQfnOdznEc-00183-00046457-00046716": "Then daughter is compelled to agree with the mother robot", "fMQfnOdznEc-00184-00046716-00047163": "Then mother robot tells daughter that you have scored well in the psychological test", "fMQfnOdznEc-00185-00047163-00047473": "My daughter is smart! There is surprise for you", "fMQfnOdznEc-00186-00047473-00047749": "Then she takes her to the fetus lab fertility place", "fMQfnOdznEc-00187-00047749-00048050": "There were fetus She says, Select your sibling!", "fMQfnOdznEc-00188-00048050-00048303": "Daughter is overjoyed when she hears it", "fMQfnOdznEc-00189-00048303-00048511": "She was the only person on the planet", "fMQfnOdznEc-00190-00048511-00048801": "Mother! she exclaims I'm going to go with the brother", "fMQfnOdznEc-00191-00048801-00049024": "She selects a glass tube from the pile", "fMQfnOdznEc-00192-00049024-00049302": "At night, when the mother robot is being charged,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00193-00049302-00049688": "Then various questions begin to rise again in daughter's mind,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00194-00049688-00050046": "She begins to think herself, Why am I only one here?", "fMQfnOdznEc-00195-00050046-00050331": "Why has mother robot kept safe all other fetus?", "fMQfnOdznEc-00196-00050331-00050625": "She goes to hidden lab where the whole data was saved", "fMQfnOdznEc-00197-00050625-00050899": "She knows many shocking facts , going there", "fMQfnOdznEc-00198-00050899-00051266": "That three more babies had been created before daughter by mother robot", "fMQfnOdznEc-00199-00051266-00051508": "But they fail in IQ test taken by her", "fMQfnOdznEc-00200-00051508-00051761": "Neither they get the good marks like the daughter", "fMQfnOdznEc-00201-00051761-00051965": "So mother killed all three of them", "fMQfnOdznEc-00202-00051965-00052217": "Being shocked, she begins to move ahead", "fMQfnOdznEc-00203-00052217-00052434": "Then she sees a jaw of someone", "fMQfnOdznEc-00204-00052434-00052727": "Picking it up, she knows that it was the real jaw of a kid", "fMQfnOdznEc-00205-00052727-00053027": "It means that mother robot had really ended them", "fMQfnOdznEc-00206-00053027-00053243": "And their parts of body were lying there", "fMQfnOdznEc-00207-00053243-00053460": "Observing it, daughter is badly hurt", "fMQfnOdznEc-00208-00053460-00053881": "She says, this mother robot fostered me so she may use my brilliance", "fMQfnOdznEc-00209-00053881-00054089": "She was also growing me up", "fMQfnOdznEc-00210-00054089-00054413": "Growing up, I may be the partner of her in advancing technology", "fMQfnOdznEc-00211-00054413-00054716": "Otherwise, human beings are valueless for her", "fMQfnOdznEc-00212-00054716-00054889": "As she turned against that lady", "fMQfnOdznEc-00213-00054889-00055141": "Thinking it, she begins to weep", "fMQfnOdznEc-00214-00055141-00055324": "She is saddened and moves to that lady", "fMQfnOdznEc-00215-00055324-00055601": "Now that lady suggests her, We may get away!", "fMQfnOdznEc-00216-00055601-00055764": "But the daughter says, No!", "fMQfnOdznEc-00217-00055764-00056137": "My brother is going to come into this World and I have to see him", "fMQfnOdznEc-00218-00056137-00056520": "And I cannot go, leaving that little human in the tending of the robots", "fMQfnOdznEc-00219-00056520-00056742": "Their whole Discussion is heard by the mother robot", "fMQfnOdznEc-00220-00056742-00056921": "She says to the daughter,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00221-00056921-00057129": "Oh! These are the tricks of yours", "fMQfnOdznEc-00222-00057129-00057408": "She locks the daughter into a room after catching", "fMQfnOdznEc-00223-00057408-00057737": "Afterwards she torments and wounds that lady , catching her", "fMQfnOdznEc-00224-00057737-00058093": "Daughter comes out of the room , damaging the door in some way", "fMQfnOdznEc-00225-00058093-00058279": "Then she moves to rescue that lady", "fMQfnOdznEc-00226-00058279-00058467": "But that lady catches the daughter", "fMQfnOdznEc-00227-00058467-00058627": "She threatens mother robot,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00228-00058627-00058964": "I will kill the daughter if you don't allow to leave from here", "fMQfnOdznEc-00229-00058964-00059164": "Here the mother robot is very fearful", "fMQfnOdznEc-00230-00059164-00059454": "Because she did not expect such action from anyone", "fMQfnOdznEc-00231-00059454-00059685": "And mother robot has to unlock the doors", "fMQfnOdznEc-00232-00059685-00059834": "Now it is observed that,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00233-00059834-00060101": "Lady and daughter had gone outside World", "fMQfnOdznEc-00234-00060101-00060342": "Everything had been destroyed Smoke was rising", "fMQfnOdznEc-00235-00060342-00060551": "There were ashes everywhere on the ground", "fMQfnOdznEc-00236-00060551-00060862": "There was no grassland nor any species of animals", "fMQfnOdznEc-00237-00060862-00061106": "But there was the greenery and the field outside", "fMQfnOdznEc-00238-00061106-00061289": "the lab from where they had come out", "fMQfnOdznEc-00239-00061289-00061511": "Which were being taken care by the robots", "fMQfnOdznEc-00240-00061511-00061752": "It means , these robots were just continuing", "fMQfnOdznEc-00241-00061752-00061928": "the growth of their surroundings", "fMQfnOdznEc-00242-00061928-00062195": "So the lab created human may survive here", "fMQfnOdznEc-00243-00062195-00062397": "As other fetus had to grow here", "fMQfnOdznEc-00244-00062397-00062663": "So they were teaching them according to their strategy", "fMQfnOdznEc-00245-00062663-00062929": "Now that lady and daughter reach a place while walking", "fMQfnOdznEc-00246-00062929-00063375": "It is not a mine but a little cabin where that lady had stored some edible things", "fMQfnOdznEc-00247-00063375-00063754": "Daughter asks her, What is this? You had told that you live in a mine", "fMQfnOdznEc-00248-00063754-00064119": "Where are the other people? That lady reveals that I told a lie to you!", "fMQfnOdznEc-00249-00064119-00064519": "Yeah! We used to live in the mine and other survivors were also there", "fMQfnOdznEc-00250-00064519-00064813": "But they all met their end because of the lack of the food", "fMQfnOdznEc-00251-00064813-00064982": "It was me who survived there", "fMQfnOdznEc-00252-00064982-00065240": "So I shifted here while eating some leftover food", "fMQfnOdznEc-00253-00065240-00065709": "Daughter slaps that lady's face and asks, Why did you tell a lie to me?", "fMQfnOdznEc-00254-00065709-00066026": "I have come here on your proposal, leaving my brother there", "fMQfnOdznEc-00255-00066026-00066300": "So the daughter returns to that lab back from there", "fMQfnOdznEc-00256-00066300-00066555": "There were number of the security robots out of that lab", "fMQfnOdznEc-00257-00066555-00066943": "As the daughter appears there then they begin to throw red laser light on her", "fMQfnOdznEc-00258-00066943-00067084": "They were just detecting her", "fMQfnOdznEc-00259-00067084-00067359": "They let her come after recognizing as she is daughter", "fMQfnOdznEc-00260-00067359-00067613": "Going inside, daughter holds an axe", "fMQfnOdznEc-00261-00067613-00068031": "Thinking it , mother robot may show her anger on her and tries to kill", "fMQfnOdznEc-00262-00068031-00068211": "So she may defend herself", "fMQfnOdznEc-00263-00068211-00068450": "There is mother robot before her when she goes", "fMQfnOdznEc-00264-00068450-00068664": "And there is a little baby in her lap", "fMQfnOdznEc-00265-00068664-00068880": "This child was the brother of daughter", "fMQfnOdznEc-00266-00068880-00069041": "Mother robot called to her ,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00267-00069041-00069255": "Look at your brother, dropping the axe", "fMQfnOdznEc-00268-00069255-00069590": "It means , mother robot's behavior was relaxed here", "fMQfnOdznEc-00269-00069590-00069886": "Observing it, daughter's fear is also reduced", "fMQfnOdznEc-00270-00069886-00070080": "Mother robot says to the daughter,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00271-00070080-00070323": "The time has come that I reveal the truth to you!", "fMQfnOdznEc-00272-00070323-00070697": "Hold your brother! Listen! I am the leader of all robots", "fMQfnOdznEc-00273-00070697-00070991": "I run them Actually, it was my plan to eradicate", "fMQfnOdznEc-00274-00070991-00071205": "the whole humanity of outside World", "fMQfnOdznEc-00275-00071205-00071528": "Because human beings had lost their power of understanding", "fMQfnOdznEc-00276-00071528-00071767": "They were battling as they had destroyed the world", "fMQfnOdznEc-00277-00071767-00072119": "If this continues for more years, the world may be destroyed", "fMQfnOdznEc-00278-00072119-00072322": "And we robots did not sustain", "fMQfnOdznEc-00279-00072322-00072466": "They were cutting the trees,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00280-00072466-00072754": "Humans are the worst, even they destroyed nature", "fMQfnOdznEc-00281-00072754-00073065": "But my purpose was this, nature should not be harmed", "fMQfnOdznEc-00282-00073065-00073304": "So I myself eliminated the whole humanity", "fMQfnOdznEc-00283-00073304-00073512": "So our planet may remain safe", "fMQfnOdznEc-00284-00073512-00073763": "But I saved some of the fetus before it", "fMQfnOdznEc-00285-00073763-00073958": "I brought them in the lab with safety", "fMQfnOdznEc-00286-00073958-00074282": "But she was searching for the chief of the human beings before it", "fMQfnOdznEc-00287-00074282-00074441": "Whose IQ must be highest", "fMQfnOdznEc-00288-00074441-00074648": "He should know what is required to do", "fMQfnOdznEc-00289-00074648-00074905": "How to spend the life At last , I got you", "fMQfnOdznEc-00290-00074905-00075195": "So I had planned that as you grow 18 years old,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00291-00075195-00075506": "Then we will grow these remaining fetus one by one", "fMQfnOdznEc-00292-00075506-00075714": "You will be the chief of all human beings", "fMQfnOdznEc-00293-00075714-00076118": "So I taught and trained you perfectly so you may teach them as being mother", "fMQfnOdznEc-00294-00076118-00076421": "You may says them code of conduct and the way of living", "fMQfnOdznEc-00295-00076421-00076768": "You may train them in this lab As these all human beings grow up,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00296-00076768-00076888": "And they may develop", "fMQfnOdznEc-00297-00076888-00077196": "At that time, we have fixed the outside World", "fMQfnOdznEc-00298-00077196-00077528": "So a new genemouseion may survive outside the World again", "fMQfnOdznEc-00299-00077528-00077877": "And they may take care of the world unlike the previous genemouseion", "fMQfnOdznEc-00300-00077877-00078149": "Daughter asks, Why did you kill those three kids?", "fMQfnOdznEc-00301-00078149-00078415": "Mother robot replies, I had to do it!", "fMQfnOdznEc-00302-00078415-00078574": "When I tested their IQ,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00303-00078574-00078766": "I did not consider it acceptable", "fMQfnOdznEc-00304-00078766-00079010": "That they may teach other human beings something", "fMQfnOdznEc-00305-00079010-00079198": "What was the benefit of my all planning", "fMQfnOdznEc-00306-00079198-00079442": "But I did not take such a step after you", "fMQfnOdznEc-00307-00079442-00079813": "Because I took your IQ acceptable that you may teach the human beings", "fMQfnOdznEc-00308-00079813-00080040": "I will not end any human being after you", "fMQfnOdznEc-00309-00080040-00080290": "Because you will be the chief of them to teach", "fMQfnOdznEc-00310-00080290-00080468": "The daughter says to mother robot,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00311-00080468-00080634": "I don't know what your plan was", "fMQfnOdznEc-00312-00080634-00080861": "But no one is equal to you in cruelty", "fMQfnOdznEc-00313-00080861-00081090": "Who took the lives of the human beings", "fMQfnOdznEc-00314-00081090-00081407": "And you killed the number of the kids only to check the IQ", "fMQfnOdznEc-00315-00081407-00081559": "You deserve death!", "fMQfnOdznEc-00316-00081559-00081847": "Mother robot says, Okay! damage me", "fMQfnOdznEc-00317-00081847-00082162": "But listen to me before it! A lady who arrived here,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00318-00082162-00082334": "She came here on my order", "fMQfnOdznEc-00319-00082334-00082617": "I had asked her to show the outside world to my daughter", "fMQfnOdznEc-00320-00082617-00082956": "So she may generate in her mind that there is outside World", "fMQfnOdznEc-00321-00082956-00083137": "What is happening in reality", "fMQfnOdznEc-00322-00083137-00083264": "And she took you with her", "fMQfnOdznEc-00323-00083264-00083609": "And I had to conduct your final test that I had to give your brother", "fMQfnOdznEc-00324-00083609-00083926": "Meanwhile, I had to check you, sending you outside,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00325-00083926-00084164": "Either you have love for humans or not!", "fMQfnOdznEc-00326-00084164-00084446": "I felt that love in you what I could not develop in me", "fMQfnOdznEc-00327-00084446-00084780": "You returned back for your brother without caring your life", "fMQfnOdznEc-00328-00084780-00084910": "And you passed your test", "fMQfnOdznEc-00329-00084910-00085188": "It depends on you either you damage me or not", "fMQfnOdznEc-00330-00085188-00085459": "Because I had been brought into being only for this purpose", "fMQfnOdznEc-00331-00085459-00085715": "And my whole planning remained successful today", "fMQfnOdznEc-00332-00085715-00086058": "I taught you everything what have to do after choosing you as a chief", "fMQfnOdznEc-00333-00086058-00086388": "Now these are all fetus You will foster them while growing them up", "fMQfnOdznEc-00334-00086388-00086698": "I have no purpose to live here so you may damage me", "fMQfnOdznEc-00335-00086698-00087025": "Being sad, the daughter fires a gun on the mother robot", "fMQfnOdznEc-00336-00087025-00087243": "Because she was really meaningless now", "fMQfnOdznEc-00337-00087243-00087554": "Then she goes to that lab where all fetus had been placed", "fMQfnOdznEc-00338-00087554-00087796": "She knew that she had to grow these fetus", "fMQfnOdznEc-00339-00087796-00088080": "Afterwards, she will be the mother of all of them", "fMQfnOdznEc-00340-00088080-00088291": "Daughter begins to love her brother,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00341-00088291-00088485": "She says, watching to those fetus", "fMQfnOdznEc-00342-00088485-00088671": "Yeah! I am mother In the end,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00343-00088671-00088940": "it is seen that a robot comes to that lady", "fMQfnOdznEc-00344-00088940-00089254": "It says to her, You did a good job that was assigned to you", "fMQfnOdznEc-00345-00089254-00089583": "Your task is now complete It then fires a rifle at it", "fMQfnOdznEc-00346-00089583-00089751": "Daughter was being a good girl and", "fMQfnOdznEc-00347-00089751-00090076": "caring for all of the fetus in the lab as they were being grown up", "fMQfnOdznEc-00348-00090076-00090465": "As they get older, she may be able to introduce them to the outside world", "fMQfnOdznEc-00349-00090465-00090678": "And they may survive into a new creation", "fMQfnOdznEc-00350-00090678-00090846": "Here this movie ends", "fMQfnOdznEc-00351-00090846-00090992": "thank you for watching", "fMQfnOdznEc-00352-00090992-00091214": "and subscribe for more videos like this,", "fMQfnOdznEc-00353-00091214-00091546": "turn on notification, leave a like to help  the channel out."}}, {"audio_id": "fMXb-BaOK7c", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "fMXL9yBLKlQ", "text": {"fMXL9yBLKlQ-00000-00000064-00000736": "i am going to be hitting myself every time i zoom in in any one point on a studio page,", "fMXL9yBLKlQ-00001-00000736-00001320": "because it's very likely to cause problems whenever that happens, although it can still zoom", "fMXL9yBLKlQ-00002-00001320-00002168": "in whenever i want it to, but i don't want to do it at all. so i don't hit the ipad for it, i only just", "fMXL9yBLKlQ-00003-00002168-00003056": "hit myself for it, because i don't want to damage it. it's just not a great idea. never zoom in again."}}, {"audio_id": "fNwrw3_QKWA", "text": {"fNwrw3_QKWA-00000-00000524-00000883": "-HELLO PISCES -HI PISCES.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00001-00000883-00001742": "THIS IS OGUZHAN CEYHAN AND DEMET BALTACI FROM BILINCOKULU ASTROLOGY CENTER IN TURKEY.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00002-00001742-00003119": "TODAY WE WILL TALK ABOUT THE HOROSCOPE 2014 FOR PISCES.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00003-00003119-00004140": "YES DEMET WHAT CAN WE SAY ABOUT 2014?", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00004-00004140-00004357": "- YES DEAR PISCES.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00005-00004357-00004913": "PISCES IS ONE OF THE LUCKY SIGNS IN 2014.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00006-00004913-00005807": "ASPECTS OF PLANETS IN WATER SIGNS PROTECT PISCES.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00007-00005807-00007327": "JUPITER TRANSITS IN CANCER, SATURN TRANSITS IN SCORPIO UNTIL DECEMBER 27, AND NEPTUN TRANSITS", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00008-00007327-00007508": "IN PISCES.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00009-00007508-00008371": "PISCES WILL BE MORE SENSITIVE, CREATIVE AND EMOTIONAL DURING 2014.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00010-00008371-00009284": "- THEIR ENERGY LEVEL WILL IMPROVE.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00011-00009284-00009567": "SATURN TRANSITS THROUGH THE 9TH HOUSE.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00012-00009567-00010189": "IT IS GOOD FOR AWARENESS AND EDUCATION.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00013-00010189-00011402": "- MARCH 1 AND APRIL 18 WILL BE GOOD DAYS FOR PISCES.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00014-00011402-00011631": "- APRIL 18,2014 WILL BE WONDERFUL.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00015-00011631-00011860": "THAT MEANS LOVE, NEW RELATIONSHIP.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00016-00011860-00012460": "IF YOU HAVE A RELATIONSHIP YOU MAY MARRY.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00017-00012460-00012874": "IF YOU ARE MARRIED YOU MAY HAVE A NEW BABY.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00018-00012874-00013091": "SUN CONJUNCT JUPITER ON JULY 25, 2014.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00019-00013091-00013518": "THAT MEANS NEW OPPORTUNITIES ABOUT CAREER.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00020-00013518-00014238": "-YES -VENUS CONJUNCT JUPITER IN LEO 7 DEGREES ON", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00021-00014238-00014365": "AUGUST 18, 2014.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00022-00014365-00014581": "THIS IS VERY GOOD FOR PISCES.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00023-00014581-00015058": "VENUS TRINE JUPITER ON DECEMBER 5, 2014 AND DECEMBER 15, 2014.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00024-00015058-00016482": "PISCES WILL BE VERY GOOD  DURING 2014.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00025-00016482-00017537": "FEBRUARY WILL BE GOOD FOR CAREER.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00026-00017537-00017707": "THIS IS MY CAT.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00027-00017707-00017948": "HIS NAME IS LOKUM.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00028-00017948-00018812": "HOW ARE YOU LOKUM.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00029-00018812-00019149": "SAY HELLO TO PISCES.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00030-00019149-00019290": "NEPTUNIAN CAT.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00031-00019290-00019510": "HE IS A CUTE CAT.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00032-00019510-00019735": "-YES -I HAVE 3 CATS.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00033-00019735-00020094": "LOKUM, OLIVE AND GARFIELD - ECLIPSES WILL OCCUR ACROSS THIS ARIES LIBRA", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00034-00020094-00020194": "AXIS.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00035-00020194-00020469": "-ECLIPSES MAY BRING SOME FINANCIAL PROBLEMS.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00036-00020469-00020896": "BUT JUPITER WILL BRING LUCK.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00037-00020896-00021701": "SOME PISCES MAY WIN THE LOTTERY ON MARCH 1, 2014 AND DURING APRIL.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00038-00021701-00021801": "-YES.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00039-00021801-00022260": "SUN TRINE JUPITER AND NEW MOON IN PISCES ON MARCH 1, 2014.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00040-00022260-00024248": "-PISCES BORN BETWEEN FEBRUARY 28, AND MARCH 5 WILL BE VERY LUCKY DURING 2014.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00041-00024248-00025453": "2014 WILL BE ENJOYABLE FOR PISCES.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00042-00025453-00025735": "LOKUM IS VIRGO.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00043-00025735-00026060": "TWO MONTH OLD KITTEN.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00044-00026060-00027338": "I THINK HE WILL BE FAT BECAUSE OF JUPITER.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00045-00027338-00028412": "-THERE WILL BE A FULL MOON IN PISCES 16 DEGREES ON SEPTEMBER 9, 2014.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00046-00028412-00029206": "THIS WILL BE GOOD FOR PISCES ESPECIALY FOR PISCES BORN ON MARCH 1.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00047-00029206-00029487": "-2014 WILL BE WONDERFUL FOR PISCES.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00048-00029487-00030181": "JUPITER WILL MOVE INTO LEO ON JULY 17, 2014.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00049-00030181-00030530": "JUPITER IN LEO WILL BRING JOY AND HAPPINESS.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00050-00030530-00030736": "MARS RETROGRADE MAY BRING SOME FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00051-00030736-00031361": "-THEY NEED TO BE CAREFUL BETWEEN MARCH 2, 2014 AND MAY 10, 2014.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00052-00031361-00031695": "DO NOT SPEND TOO MUCH MONEY.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00053-00031695-00031968": "BE CAREFUL ABOUT ASSETS, FUNDS, LOANS, BANK ACCOUNTS.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00054-00031968-00032538": "-PROTECT YOURSELF AGAINST DEBIT AND CREDIT CARD FRAUD.", "fNwrw3_QKWA-00055-00032538-00032813": "-GOODBYE -BYE"}}]