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+[{"audio_id": "iN3Ef9SDzzE", "text": {"iN3Ef9SDzzE-00000-00000000-00000200": "Atomic Number & Mass Number"}}, {"audio_id": "iN6eUh_de9g", "text": {"iN6eUh_de9g-00000-00000002-00000254": "Hey, Censuradas!", "iN6eUh_de9g-00001-00000304-00000714": "I know very well how you love a spicy lesbian story", "iN6eUh_de9g-00002-00000734-00001112": "and how you are always looking for hot scenes to watch, right?", "iN6eUh_de9g-00003-00001136-00001689": "So... Today I decided to bring some films that have very intense moments between women.", "iN6eUh_de9g-00004-00001714-00001816": "Did you like it?", "iN6eUh_de9g-00005-00001816-00002074": "So leave your thumbs up and come with me!", "iN6eUh_de9g-00006-00002872-00003258": "Today I start with a super sexy movie called Wild Things.", "iN6eUh_de9g-00007-00003276-00003534": "It's a police thriller set in Florida.", "iN6eUh_de9g-00008-00003552-00003944": "In the plot, a teacher is accused of rape by two students.", "iN6eUh_de9g-00009-00003965-00004360": "Because of this, a detective initiates a thorough investigation", "iN6eUh_de9g-00010-00004362-00004752": "and ends up discovering a conspiracy of lies and betrayals", "iN6eUh_de9g-00011-00004840-00005388": "in a story that is difficult to see the truth and almost no one is reliable.", "iN6eUh_de9g-00012-00008326-00008812": "Now let's talk about a Canadian film, which I love, called Below her mouth.", "iN6eUh_de9g-00013-00008832-00009200": "The 2016 dramatic erotic novel tells the story of", "iN6eUh_de9g-00014-00009200-00009686": "an unexpected weekend affair between a carpenter and a fashion editor.", "iN6eUh_de9g-00015-00009716-00010064": "This quickly becomes a heart-stopping reality for these two women,", "iN6eUh_de9g-00016-00010090-00010506": "who will have their lives totally transformed after this connection.", "iN6eUh_de9g-00017-00010528-00010896": "The good thing about this movie is that the lesbian couple is the protagonist,", "iN6eUh_de9g-00018-00010924-00011298": "so we don't have to wait hours to see just a few minutes about them.", "iN6eUh_de9g-00019-00011318-00011518": "After all, the plot  is LGBT.", "iN6eUh_de9g-00020-00014163-00014838": "Keep in mind that many explicit lesbian scenes in movies and series are recorded exclusively for profit,", "iN6eUh_de9g-00021-00014878-00015256": "especially when it comes to a product that is not LGBT+ in itself,", "iN6eUh_de9g-00022-00015294-00015652": "when the Queer character is not the focus of the story.", "iN6eUh_de9g-00023-00015674-00015868": "So watch with that awareness, okay?", "iN6eUh_de9g-00024-00015876-00016240": "Well, guys, these were today's tips, I hope you liked it.", "iN6eUh_de9g-00025-00016254-00016838": "To keep receiving videos like this, subscribe to the channel and turn on the notification bell.", "iN6eUh_de9g-00026-00016844-00017410": "After all, I publish 3 videos a week, every Monday, Wednesday and Friday.", "iN6eUh_de9g-00027-00017410-00017856": "Also feel free to get to know my other two channels here on YouTube,", "iN6eUh_de9g-00028-00017856-00018060": "focused on my work as an actress.", "iN6eUh_de9g-00029-00018060-00018208": "The links are in the description.", "iN6eUh_de9g-00030-00018218-00018578": "In addition, I post weekly videos on my instagram.", "iN6eUh_de9g-00031-00018596-00018702": "Follow me there!", "iN6eUh_de9g-00032-00018732-00018904": "Big kiss and see you later!"}}, {"audio_id": "iNe00gnyMmg", "text": {"iNe00gnyMmg-00000-00000224-00000642": "With Mythic we think we've really taken a step ahead compared to the other", "iNe00gnyMmg-00001-00000642-00001086": "things that are available so far", "iNe00gnyMmg-00002-00001086-00001332": "it's been  quite a challenging project because we", "iNe00gnyMmg-00003-00001332-00001620": "basically had to start again from the first principles", "iNe00gnyMmg-00004-00001620-00001932": "whether it was fabric selection, the down selection", "iNe00gnyMmg-00005-00001932-00002512": "and then designing the product so that it was the most efficient design possible", "iNe00gnyMmg-00006-00002722-00002900": "in some cases what we've done there", "iNe00gnyMmg-00007-00002900-00003428": "without giving away too many trade secrets we've basically reformatted the way that you", "iNe00gnyMmg-00008-00003428-00003970": "construct down chambers and the way you balance the correct amount of down in each", "iNe00gnyMmg-00009-00003971-00004509": "area and so it was quite a challenging project although it's based on stuff we", "iNe00gnyMmg-00010-00004509-00004966": "do anyway it's just taking it all up to the next level.", "iNe00gnyMmg-00011-00005432-00005846": "so all our sleeping bags are hand filled here in Derbyshire. We've got a really talented", "iNe00gnyMmg-00012-00005846-00006257": "team of guys some of whom have been working here for decades and they know", "iNe00gnyMmg-00013-00006258-00006772": "exactly how to put together the very best sleeping bags", "iNe00gnyMmg-00014-00006920-00007514": "and what you'll see is that each chamber each tiny section of the bag has its own fill weight chart", "iNe00gnyMmg-00015-00007514-00008138": "and each section of down is meticulously weighed out and then pumped", "iNe00gnyMmg-00016-00008138-00008786": "into each chamber bit by bit", "iNe00gnyMmg-00017-00009060-00010010": "you'll see with Mythic that the chamber shape is like a chevron and we arrived at that design through a process", "iNe00gnyMmg-00018-00010010-00010490": "of trial and error and we think that having that shape means that the down is", "iNe00gnyMmg-00019-00010490-00011048": "better controlled within each chamber both this way and this way", "iNe00gnyMmg-00020-00011048-00011544": "that means we can use the optimum amount of down without overloading each chamber so you", "iNe00gnyMmg-00021-00011544-00011900": "get the lightest possible weight and the maximum warmth", "iNe00gnyMmg-00022-00012220-00012718": "the outer fabric is a Pertex fabric it's in the quantum series but it's", "iNe00gnyMmg-00023-00012718-00013084": "exceptionally light! it's the only seven denier they do", "iNe00gnyMmg-00024-00013084-00013426": "and denier is the amount of fibers that go into the yarns", "iNe00gnyMmg-00025-00013426-00013906": "and they are super light it comes down to about 21 grams a square meter", "iNe00gnyMmg-00026-00013906-00014354": "and seven denier is about as light as is possible to go and still have robustness and strength", "iNe00gnyMmg-00027-00014616-00015096": "the other thing about ultralight gear is that often people", "iNe00gnyMmg-00028-00015097-00015712": "will take out features that you actually need in order to save weight and we've", "iNe00gnyMmg-00029-00015712-00016194": "made sure we don't if for example the shoulder baffle inside the bag which is", "iNe00gnyMmg-00030-00016194-00016614": "essential in our view for trapping and warmth when you're sleeping cold and", "iNe00gnyMmg-00031-00016614-00017034": "that will tighten up around the neck inside the bag and we've done", "iNe00gnyMmg-00032-00017034-00017464": "something different there which is an ergonomic shape so it falls to the same", "iNe00gnyMmg-00033-00017464-00017800": "shape as the back of your neck and around the front so it fits perfectly", "iNe00gnyMmg-00034-00017800-00018282": "when it's adjusted tight to keep you warm", "iNe00gnyMmg-00035-00018732-00019132": "so I think the thing that's important about Mythic is that if you look about the history of Rab", "iNe00gnyMmg-00036-00019132-00019579": "Rab Carrington started by making sleeping bags and we're kind of proud to carry on", "iNe00gnyMmg-00037-00019579-00019878": "with that thing that started", "iNe00gnyMmg-00038-00019878-00020319": "this whole brand and sleeping bags remain at the heart of what we do and", "iNe00gnyMmg-00039-00020319-00020834": "Mythic it really for us is a good example of where the future lies", "iNe00gnyMmg-00040-00022454-00022660": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "ip9iIgNPALo", "text": {"ip9iIgNPALo-00000-00000283-00000583": "baby cats who are having fun here and there today, too.", "ip9iIgNPALo-00001-00000883-00001183": "It doesn't get out of this block in the backyard.", "ip9iIgNPALo-00002-00001390-00001689": "He opens the door when I wake up.", "ip9iIgNPALo-00003-00001689-00001989": "We all went into the corner and had fun.", "ip9iIgNPALo-00004-00001989-00002250": "It crawls out one by one.", "ip9iIgNPALo-00005-00002436-00002736": "Now I know how to run like a bitter rice.", "ip9iIgNPALo-00006-00004273-00004573": "A sudden inspection of the greenhouse!", "ip9iIgNPALo-00007-00004573-00004813": "The house warehouse became a playground.", "ip9iIgNPALo-00008-00005146-00005446": "I was born in that house when I was a baby...", "ip9iIgNPALo-00009-00006306-00006606": "Kongsooni, let's check together.", "ip9iIgNPALo-00010-00012796-00013096": "LOL"}}, {"audio_id": "ipC_qpgvovI", "text": {"ipC_qpgvovI-00000-00000000-00000200": "Spiritual music, gentle, calming, peaceful music, relaxing music, and meditation music", "ipC_qpgvovI-00001-00000200-00000400": "SOOTHING AND MEDITATION"}}, {"audio_id": "iO1BfC2n9c0", "text": {"iO1BfC2n9c0-00000-00000000-00000956": "Welcome to the Business Library. I'm Melissa Johnson and this video will demonstrate how to find international industries in Mergent ...", "iO1BfC2n9c0-00001-00000956-00001029": "Intellect.", "iO1BfC2n9c0-00002-00001056-00001695": "From the Business Library's homepage, click on Business Databases in the middle.", "iO1BfC2n9c0-00003-00001707-00002393": "You will be taken to an alphabetical list. Choose the letter M and then Mergent Intellect.", "iO1BfC2n9c0-00004-00002404-00003265": "We can use Mergent Intellect to search by industry and by company type, such as headquarters, branches, or single locations.", "iO1BfC2n9c0-00005-00003279-00003679": "From the main page, choose Advanced Search.", "iO1BfC2n9c0-00006-00003684-00004500": "Check the boxes to search Canada and international companies as we want an international perspective for industries.", "iO1BfC2n9c0-00007-00004512-00004864": "From the menu, click on Industry", "iO1BfC2n9c0-00008-00004864-00005267": "Select the NAICS code option.", "iO1BfC2n9c0-00009-00005268-00005707": "Choose NAICS Keyword search.", "iO1BfC2n9c0-00010-00005708-00006604": "Change it from Starts with to Contains as this will allow us to find all industries that include our keyword.", "iO1BfC2n9c0-00011-00006616-00007370": "In the search box, type in beverage as we want to research companies within the beverage manufacturing industry.", "iO1BfC2n9c0-00012-00007380-00008344": "Notice in the autofill menu we see 3121 Beverage Manufacturing. This is the start of the NAICS code for the ...", "iO1BfC2n9c0-00013-00008344-00008635": "beverage manufacturing industry.", "iO1BfC2n9c0-00014-00008664-00009472": "Instead of selecting it, let's type that number in the search box. Because we typed in the code in the ...", "iO1BfC2n9c0-00015-00009472-00010288": "autofill menu we can now see many more subindustries within the larger beverage manufacturing industry.", "iO1BfC2n9c0-00016-00010312-00010849": "Click on 312111 Soft drink manufacturing.", "iO1BfC2n9c0-00017-00010852-00011070": "And Add to Criteria", "iO1BfC2n9c0-00018-00011072-00011425": "Now choose Company from the menu.", "iO1BfC2n9c0-00019-00011428-00011711": "Select Location Type.", "iO1BfC2n9c0-00020-00011712-00012449": "Check the box next to headquarters as we want to screen for the major companies in the soft drink manufacturing ...", "iO1BfC2n9c0-00021-00012449-00012509": "industry.", "iO1BfC2n9c0-00022-00012528-00012963": "Add to criteria.", "iO1BfC2n9c0-00023-00012963-00013571": "Notice the options available to refine or sort our results.", "iO1BfC2n9c0-00024-00013572-00014010": "In our example, we could sort by location", "iO1BfC2n9c0-00025-00014012-00014829": "Or we could filter by Country. This would give us an idea of the main regions for this industry.", "iO1BfC2n9c0-00026-00014840-00015387": "We can export our results to Excel to review them outside of the database.", "iO1BfC2n9c0-00027-00015400-00016232": "As always, if you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact your Business Library for more information."}}, {"audio_id": "iOcjnqf_lVU", "text": {"iOcjnqf_lVU-00000-00000000-00000408": "hey everyone welcome to the channel my name is philly beats you and in this video i'm going", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00001-00000408-00000936": "to be showing you guys how to unlock and get all 17 legendary pokemon in romanus park in", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00002-00000936-00001424": "pokemon brilliant diamond and shining pearl quick warning for the video while i may be giving a lot", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00003-00001424-00001960": "of simple instructions out to you this process is not as easy as you think it is it is a very time", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00004-00001960-00002400": "consuming process to get all the legendary pokemon you're excited about catching these legendary", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00005-00002400-00002832": "pokemon leave a like and if you're new to the channel make sure to hit that subscribe button", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00006-00002832-00003320": "so you don't miss any content like this without further ado guys let's get on into this video", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00007-00003320-00003736": "and teach you guys how to catch all these legendary pokemon in the games", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00008-00003736-00004272": "to unlock ramona's park you need to defeat the elite four and cynthia and become the champion", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00009-00004272-00004816": "of the sino region you then also need to complete your regional decks and head over to the pokemon", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00010-00004816-00005344": "laboratory where you will meet up with professor rowan and also be introduced to professor oak", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00011-00005344-00005776": "oak will talk to you about the national decks and all that fun stuff and also tell you about", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00012-00005776-00006240": "romana's park you will then have to head over to ramana's park and meet professor oak there", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00013-00006240-00006640": "okay so i'm going to show you guys now how to get to romana's park if you haven't been there", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00014-00006640-00006984": "so i'm just going to head over here head down south you get to route 219.", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00015-00007040-00007888": "get on your surf once you're in the water across the island continue heading south turn right", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00016-00008056-00008376": "continue going to the east from there all of this little stone path", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00017-00008456-00009104": "and you arrive on route 221 hop onto the land continue walking straight this way", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00018-00009336-00009936": "straight through the forest and just like that congratulations you now have arrived at romana's", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00019-00009936-00010384": "park once you complete that and enter romanus park you will notice two people at the counter", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00020-00010384-00010832": "one of the ladies sells a whole bunch of pokeballs and items that will help you in your battle with", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00021-00010832-00011304": "the legendary pokemon and the other lady you go to will have something called slates you will notice", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00022-00011304-00011864": "that in order to buy these slates it will cost you a mysterious item these are known as mysterious", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00023-00011864-00012368": "shards mysterious shards can be found in the grand underground and are extremely rare they come in", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00024-00012368-00012896": "two sizes small and large you will notice that the person who sells you slates will either trade you", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00025-00012896-00013440": "a slate for three small mysterious shards or one large mysterious shard from this you can see that", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00026-00013440-00013904": "three small mysterious shards are equal to one large mysterious shard in the grand underground", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00027-00013904-00014376": "it is very easy to miss a small mysterious shard so be very careful and precise with your digging", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00028-00014376-00014856": "the large mysterious shards are fairly obvious and should be easy to spot sometimes you can get lucky", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00029-00014856-00015360": "and have multiple mysterious shards at one digging site i have never personally experienced this but", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00030-00015360-00015728": "i know a lot of other people who have shown me screenshots of them finding these shards", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00031-00015728-00016128": "i also have a whole entire video called the ultimate digging guide in the grand underground if", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00032-00016128-00016624": "you want to know some tips on how to dig properly and what to avoid and maybe some other cool items", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00033-00016624-00017000": "you might find while you're wasting your time going for the shards down there so to do all", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00034-00017000-00017536": "the legendary pokemon battles in ramana's park and catch them it's going to cost you 39 small", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00035-00017536-00018152": "mysterious shards or 13 large mysterious shards if we include the geratina fight which doesn't allow", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00036-00018152-00018608": "you to catch garatina but just battle a level 100 version of it that's going to cost you 42 small", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00037-00018608-00019104": "mysterious shards or 14 large mysterious shards so keep that all in mind when you're going in", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00038-00019104-00019480": "the grand underground and you want to be done with this whole entire park at once just go ahead and", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00039-00019480-00019920": "mine everything all at once here's a few things that i'd like to point out to you guys before you", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00040-00019920-00020472": "go into these legendary pokemon battles number one all these pokemon can be shiny hunted keep that", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00041-00020472-00021168": "in mind number two turn off autosave and please make sure to save before you insert the slate to", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00042-00021168-00021632": "encounter the legendary pokemon if for some reason you defeated the legendary pokemon you're going", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00043-00021632-00022120": "to have to go back to the grand underground and dig those shards up all over again and give them", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00044-00022120-00022568": "back to the vendor in order to encounter that pokemon so make sure autosave is off you do not", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00045-00022568-00023008": "want to goof once you've gathered so many shards and wasted so many hours of your life the third", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00046-00023008-00023424": "thing that i want to mention are some things that you should do in battle make sure that you bring a", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00047-00023424-00023888": "false swipe pokemon like scyther you'll be able to bring the legendary pokemon down all the way", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00048-00023888-00024432": "to one hp without ko'ing it also have a pokemon that can use the status effects like paralysis", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00049-00024432-00024896": "or sleep this will also make it a lot easier for you to capture that pokemon bring quick", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00050-00024896-00025352": "balls to use on the first turn dusk falls to use continuously once the pokemon is at low health", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00051-00025352-00025927": "and timer balls to use once many turns of the battle has gone on for a very long time okay so", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00052-00025927-00026408": "when you walk into romana's park the main building you'll talk to the lady and you'll notice that she", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00053-00026408-00026983": "only has two slates well one slate the discovery slate that you can buy with three small shards", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00054-00026983-00027727": "and the discovery slate that you can buy with one large shard go ahead and get three and then enter", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00055-00027727-00028248": "into ramana's park after you enter it's going to be the first building here it'll be called", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00056-00028248-00028744": "the discovery room and you'll be able to enter this and battle as you can see by the pedestals", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00057-00028744-00029136": "it's kind of obvious which pokemon you're going to be fighting and it's going to be the regis", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00058-00029136-00029695": "so i inserted the first slate into it the pedestal started to shine and the first pokemon that i", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00059-00029695-00030192": "finally encountered was the reggie ice in the pure space they got their own background and", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00060-00030192-00030680": "it's pretty cool so all you gotta do is run up to the pokemon encounter them and go into battle", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00061-00030895-00031448": "i threw a timer ball at this reggie ice and i got it same thing happened when i", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00062-00031448-00031920": "encountered reggie steele encountered that pokemon went into a quick battle if your", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00063-00031920-00032408": "trainer's face shows up it just proves that the pokemon has more than two guaranteed ivs", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00064-00032408-00032920": "so there it is registeel and all its greatness here i catch this one in a dust ball", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00065-00033208-00033832": "and caught right after this you'll notice that the pokemon you caught will show up as statues in the", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00066-00033832-00034440": "room i then insert the final discovery piece in approach this regirock and go into battle here's", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00067-00034440-00034992": "the nice trainer face to confirm the guaranteed ivs on this reggie reggie looks so good here", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00068-00034992-00035640": "throw a timer ball because this fight lasted way too long more than usual and ball shaking did we", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00069-00035640-00036192": "get it of course we got it that's why i made this video and we got the regirock after you complete", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00070-00036192-00036736": "all the regirocks you'll get an animation showing off the room with all the statues here so it looks", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00071-00036736-00037216": "pretty cool and this pretty much confirms that you're done with the room after you finish up with", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00072-00037216-00037888": "the room you then want to exit here go back into romanus park and this guy is going to stop you", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00073-00037888-00038296": "and let you know that i'll give you statues that look like the pokemon you just encountered", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00074-00038296-00038768": "and these statues you can place down in the grand underground which will give a very big boost", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00075-00038768-00039320": "to the type that that pokemon is i then went to the counter lady over here and she's asking do i", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00076-00039320-00039808": "want to exchange my mysterious shards and then i see all of a sudden that now i have not only", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00077-00039808-00040296": "access to discovery slates but now johto slate and soul slate has been unlocked by the way if you're", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00078-00040296-00040824": "playing the other version of this game you're going to be having the kanto slate unlock in the", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00079-00040824-00041400": "spot of the johto slate after this i purchased two sew slates and walk to the cave to the left of the", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00080-00041400-00041928": "reggie gigas one this is the soul room and this is the one where you will find larios and larias", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00081-00041928-00042456": "so i insert my first so slate into it and the pokemon that i'm going to first encounter here", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00082-00042456-00043104": "is going to be the legendary latias i click on it enter into battle and throw a dust ball at it", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00083-00043368-00043808": "one spin and caught i'm kidding it was caught because i cut forward in time", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00084-00043808-00044208": "in the edit second soul slate i'm going to access here and it's going to summon", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00085-00044208-00044800": "the latios go ahead i go into battle with this thing my face confirms the two iv plus pokemon", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00086-00044800-00045224": "here it is in its glory i throw another dust ball and this should also be a cot one", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00087-00045424-00046024": "there we go after this you'll get a beautiful animation that is unnecessarily long of ladies", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00088-00046024-00046456": "and ladias staring at each other and this room is a lot more beautiful than the reggie gigas one", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00089-00046456-00047080": "because of the cool red glow under ladies and the blue glow under ladies you'll then see two", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00090-00047080-00047616": "items in the room it's just going to be a little so do and a little berry on the side then you", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00091-00047616-00048016": "come out you talk to the guy he gives you the ladies and the ladies statue and then i start", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00092-00048016-00048432": "to see that nothing else was really unlocked the distortion slate here is only appearing because", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00093-00048432-00048968": "i caught giratina before coming here but they had nothing to do with unlocking geratina in this area", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00094-00049072-00049600": "next room that i got is the kanto room or the johto room depending on which game you're playing", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00095-00049600-00049984": "it's either going to be the legendary birds or it's going to be the legendary dogs if you're", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00096-00049984-00050408": "playing brilliant diamond you're getting the dogs if you're playing shining pearl you are getting", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00097-00050408-00050896": "the birds so the first pokemon that shows up here is this suicune i throw a dust ball", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00098-00050896-00051567": "and i catch it easy peasy then it was entei for that it appeared i throw another pokeball at it", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00099-00051567-00052128": "it's fine it's caught in a nice timer ball that went on for a bit here's raiku easy peasy throw", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00100-00052128-00052632": "a pokeball at it and done actually no this was an apricot involved this was a fastball oh that was", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00101-00052632-00053136": "that's a nice catch actually and then the jodo room appears where you chose all the pokemon", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00102-00053136-00053576": "and if you're in the kanto room you're gonna have all the legendary birds appear just like that", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00103-00053848-00054400": "after finishing this i exit talk to the guy he gives me all the statues i go to the counter i", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00104-00054400-00054872": "talk to them and then i notice that i have way more slates unlocked so once you complete the", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00105-00054872-00055304": "kanto or johto room that will literally give you access to the rest of the park", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00106-00055304-00055936": "to catch every other legendary pokemon after this i bought my rainbow slate and then continue to", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00107-00055936-00056455": "the next room by the way if you're playing shining pearl you would be getting your squall slate this", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00108-00056455-00057016": "room is known as the rainbow room but in shining pearl this is called the squall room after that", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00109-00057016-00057479": "a legendary hoe appears in a very strange background that's not what i was expecting", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00110-00057479-00057960": "if it's shining pro this would be a lugia here and wow this is the fight i'm pretty", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00111-00057960-00058496": "sure this is the distorted space where garetino lives but for some reason they put ho ho here", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00112-00058496-00059016": "i don't know why i throw a timer ball at home and i definitely catch it over here and then we", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00113-00059016-00059544": "get the really cool animation of ho ho in the rainbow room and if you're playing shining pro", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00114-00059544-00060088": "you'll have the nice animation of that lugia so yeah that's that's pretty much it for the", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00115-00060088-00060552": "whole just quite a long animation there's nothing really else to unlock we're just gonna go ahead", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00116-00060552-00061079": "and catch some of these other pokemon i then go ahead to the right into this little cave", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00117-00061208-00061760": "see what legendary pokemon's in here and it's the oceanic room where i'm gonna use my oceanic slate", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00118-00061760-00062320": "and what pokemon do you think is going to be here it's going to be kyogre and for some reason it's", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00119-00062320-00062896": "also in the strange space that hoho is in nothing really unique i was hoping for like a water", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00120-00062896-00063408": "background but i didn't get it but if you can see the pokeball i managed to catch that in oh baby", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00121-00063408-00064040": "another afrocurrent ball pokemon catch legendary pokemon catch and then you get a cool background", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00122-00064040-00064591": "of the oceanic room i really like this waterfall it looks nice this one's really nice these unique", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00123-00064591-00065088": "rooms you get after finishing the basic rooms with all the other pokemon are great solo encounters", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00124-00065088-00065560": "are absolutely fantastic anyway after we finish this i'm just gonna make this video a lot more", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00125-00065560-00066032": "simpler not show you all the catching i'm gonna go to the place where you're going to find groudon", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00126-00066032-00066584": "groudon is going to be over in this cave over here so if you have your tectonic slate you're going to", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00127-00066584-00066992": "go ahead place that there and you would encounter your groudon and when you're done it's going to", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00128-00066992-00067496": "look like that with the statue appearing as well next what i'm going to is all the way on the left", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00129-00067496-00067968": "side of romanus park which is the stratospheric room and you're going to encounter rayquaza here", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00130-00067968-00068432": "once you beat rayquaza you'll have this cool statue animation that'll show proving you caught", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00131-00068432-00069024": "it and just like that you will have a lovely rayquaza final room that i'm going to is going", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00132-00069024-00069672": "to be where mewtwo is yes mewtwo i did save this one for last but yeah when you finish the mewtwo", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00133-00069672-00070184": "battle you're going to get mewtwo appearing like it's in a test tube and that is pretty", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00134-00070184-00070696": "much it for all the legendaries here nothing else oh yeah i forgot to tell you guys about the secret", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00135-00070696-00071408": "room over here it is the actual distortion room in the game which is a call back to pokemon platinum", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00136-00071408-00072056": "where garetina used to exist but you cannot catch garatina in this area this is where you're going", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00137-00072056-00072744": "to be unlocking its special form if you are able to defeat its level 100 boss battle and just like", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00138-00072744-00073152": "that there it is and i'm not going to show you the fight or anything but i just want to let you know", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00139-00073152-00073584": "that that's here and you got to use a slate on that as well now to register the other version", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00140-00073584-00074192": "exclusive legendary pokemon into your own national decks i highly suggest that you trade pokemon", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00141-00074192-00074696": "that are worth the same value for example in brilliant diamond we have ho-oh and in shining", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00142-00074696-00075136": "pro you have lugia these would be ideal pokemon that you would like to touch trade back and forth", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00143-00075136-00075720": "with your trade partner the same thing applies for entei and moltres raiku and zapdos and suicune and", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00144-00075720-00076296": "articuno so if you're looking for a place to do those trades head to our discord and go ahead and", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00145-00076296-00076776": "trade them that's down in the description below now you guys know how to unlock and capture all", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00146-00076776-00077240": "the legendary pokemon that are in ramana's park if you enjoyed this video and it helped out make", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00147-00077240-00077688": "sure to hit that like button comment down below which legendary pokemon is your favorite or if", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00148-00077688-00078064": "you already did this which one was your favorite encounter and if you're new to the channel make", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00149-00078064-00078480": "sure to hit that subscribe button there's like 98 of you guys who watch these videos who aren't", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00150-00078480-00078952": "even subscribed hit that subscribe button you have nothing to lose it takes a second and it'll", "iOcjnqf_lVU-00151-00078952-00079496": "help us out a lot my name is philly beats you and i will see you guys in the next video peace"}}, {"audio_id": "iP4hdW7qnpE", "text": {"iP4hdW7qnpE-00000-00000011-00072407": "Eğitim Zirvesi Çalıştayı - Özel öğretim kurumları sahipleri toplantısı - Eyüp", "iP4hdW7qnpE-00001-00072407-00074523": "Sabri  Kartal konuşmaları"}}, {"audio_id": "iP5WEdpqDMQ", "text": {"iP5WEdpqDMQ-00000-00001623-00002400": "Michaela Meijer is a Swedish athlete born in July 1993 and specializes in the Pole Vault", "iP5WEdpqDMQ-00001-00002952-00004484": "Michaela has a good results also in high jump, long jump, 200m hurdles beside Pole Vault", "iP5WEdpqDMQ-00002-00006312-00007184": "she competed at the 2015 world championships in Beijing reaching the final", "iP5WEdpqDMQ-00003-00009424-00009976": "in 2016 Meijer competed at the Olympic Games in Rio De Janeiro", "iP5WEdpqDMQ-00004-00009976-00011384": "but was eliminated in the qualification round finishing 17th with 4.45 meters", "iP5WEdpqDMQ-00005-00012808-00013352": "in addition, she won silver medal at the 2009 world youth championships", "iP5WEdpqDMQ-00006-00013432-00014184": "and the 2015 European u-23 championships", "iP5WEdpqDMQ-00007-00018664-00019104": "her personal best in the event are 4.83 meters", "iP5WEdpqDMQ-00008-00019104-00019784": "outdoors which is also the Swedish record and 4.75 meters indoors", "iP5WEdpqDMQ-00009-00023800-00024240": "in 4 March 2017 in Belgrade European championships,", "iP5WEdpqDMQ-00010-00024312-00025384": "she came fifth with 4.55 meters and scored 1130."}}, {"audio_id": "iPp7u_1KeFg", "text": {"iPp7u_1KeFg-00000-00000525-00002507": "Put a smile on your face Once upon a time, there was a person coming", "iPp7u_1KeFg-00001-00002507-00003322": "to a new village to relocate, and he was wondering if he would like it there.", "iPp7u_1KeFg-00002-00003322-00004375": "So he went to a Zen master and asked, \"Do you think I will like it in this village?\"", "iPp7u_1KeFg-00003-00004375-00005075": "The master asked back, \"How were the people in the town where you came from?", "iPp7u_1KeFg-00004-00005075-00005539": "They were nasty and greedy.", "iPp7u_1KeFg-00005-00005539-00006341": "They were angry and lived for cheating and stealing, \"said the newcomer.", "iPp7u_1KeFg-00006-00006341-00007195": "Those are exactly the types of people we have in this village, said the master.", "iPp7u_1KeFg-00007-00007195-00008050": "A day later, another newcomer to the village visited the master and asked the same question,", "iPp7u_1KeFg-00008-00008050-00008665": "to which the master asked how the people in the town where you came from were.", "iPp7u_1KeFg-00009-00008665-00009097": "They were sweet and lived in harmony.", "iPp7u_1KeFg-00010-00009097-00009459": "They cared for one another and for the land.", "iPp7u_1KeFg-00011-00009459-00010024": "They respected each other and were seekers of spirit.", "iPp7u_1KeFg-00012-00010024-00010730": "He replied, \"Well, those are exactly the type of people we have in this village,\" said the", "iPp7u_1KeFg-00013-00010730-00010953": "master.", "iPp7u_1KeFg-00014-00010953-00012090": "Whatever you see in the world the world will see in you see hope see good see love and", "iPp7u_1KeFg-00015-00012090-00012727": "the world will see the same in you but if you only see the nasty and greedy part of", "iPp7u_1KeFg-00016-00012727-00013556": "people that is what they will see in you so be good to the world and the world will be", "iPp7u_1KeFg-00017-00013556-00014059": "good to you give love to the world and the world will!", "iPp7u_1KeFg-00018-00014059-00015115": "Indeed, a good life is when you smile often, dream big, laugh a lot, and realize how blessed", "iPp7u_1KeFg-00019-00015115-00015522": "you are for what you already have.", "iPp7u_1KeFg-00020-00015522-00016493": "Give love to the world, and the world will love you back; this is their motivational", "iPp7u_1KeFg-00021-00016493-00016593": "story.", "iPp7u_1KeFg-00022-00016593-00017337": "Thanks for watching and stay blessed."}}, {"audio_id": "iPBobWt0rRQ", "text": {"iPBobWt0rRQ-00000-00000026-00000462": "I thought I could talk to you about the power of open resources to break down", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00001-00000462-00000876": "barriers to learners to meet their learning needs and preferences rather", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00002-00000876-00001383": "than expecting them to fit into a one-size-fits-all education. But I", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00003-00001383-00001884": "decided not to do that if you'd like to learn more about that let me know and", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00004-00001884-00002376": "I'll share some slides, some links, previous talks, and also some resources", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00005-00002376-00003086": "to help you on that quest I decided to dig in to a different topic today. So if", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00006-00003086-00003735": "you'll humor me... turns out we're in the middle of a revolution. I know you might", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00007-00003735-00004152": "say but I just had a tuna fish sandwich for lunch yesterday that doesn't feel", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00008-00004152-00004682": "like something you'd do in the middle of a revolution. Nonetheless, here we are. You", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00009-00004682-00005139": "may say look I'm not senior enough to have an impact or I have power but I'm", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00010-00005139-00005546": "not sure how to rock the boat in a responsible and professional way. One of", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00011-00005546-00006087": "the questions earlier reminds me of this right when we start to look at systems", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00012-00006087-00006428": "and expectations and the way we've always done things and we start to", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00013-00006428-00006936": "disentangle all of that it can be really messy so I want to speak to both people", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00014-00006936-00007223": "I want to speak to the people who have the power and the people who don't have", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00015-00007223-00007815": "the power if you have the power I want to ask you as a leader, are you doing", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00016-00007815-00008268": "work to help those behind you not only take over where you left off but to", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00017-00008268-00008589": "surpass you progress beyond where you've been?", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00018-00008589-00009153": "Are you comfortable with them passing you. Are your goals built around this as", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00019-00009153-00009672": "an expected outcome, an inevitability, a \"must-have\". What will your legacy", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00020-00009672-00010446": "be. If you are NOT in a position of power. Leadership, I would argue is even harder", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00021-00010446-00010899": "for you. That's right, I'm saying that people who are in positions of power", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00022-00010899-00011574": "have it easier in terms of leadership. When you don't have power, showing", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00023-00011574-00012252": "leadership means sticking your neck out, standing up,  standing out,", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00024-00012252-00012699": "stepping up and there are plenty of times and plenty of environments where", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00025-00012699-00013106": "that isn't valued and they're attacked or it's actively punished. Seeing", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00026-00013106-00013330": "something that isn't working and fixing it. Seeing", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00027-00013330-00013762": "someone that's struggling and helping them and doing it, not because it's part", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00028-00013762-00014194": "of your job description but because it's the right thing to do. When I hear folks", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00029-00014194-00014644": "talk about this kind of leadership they're usually worried that what they", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00030-00014644-00015072": "did is going to upset someone and that they'll lose their job or", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00031-00015072-00015958": "they'll get in trouble or they'll get sued. So what does this have to do", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00032-00015958-00016615": "'What does this have to do with open?' you might ask. Well, \"open\" I would argue is", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00033-00016615-00017071": "our revolution. We're engaged in a battle to make information, the quest for", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00034-00017071-00017515": "knowledge and all the many benefits from both available to anyone and in this", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00035-00017515-00018019": "quest we're taking a holistic approach Lilian did an awesome job of giving us", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00036-00018019-00018472": "some of this context. So you've got David Wiley and the five Rs, right? Some", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00037-00018472-00018976": "people say that's not enough that just speaks to content and open is much more", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00038-00018976-00019537": "than that you've got Lisa Patrides, Doug Levin, Edward Watson talking about", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00039-00019537-00019993": "something called the CARE framework. I'll make links available to all this", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00040-00019993-00020445": "where you contribute where you attribute where you release and where you empower", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00041-00020445-00021007": "that is you're not just taking from the commons but you're contributing to it as", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00042-00021007-00021484": "well so what does it mean to feed a commons and what does it mean to take", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00043-00021484-00021991": "food from a commons and how many of you are furiously trying to remember Kant", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00044-00021991-00022606": "and J.S Miller right now? These are all the spaces and places where this", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00045-00022606-00023377": "revolution is focusing effort so OER, open access publishing, open textbooks", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00046-00023377-00023812": "open science, open pedagogy and then I made up some of these things: open", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00047-00023812-00024502": "assessments. We talked about open assessments, right? Open dialogue, I spoke", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00048-00024502-00024948": "about that. How many of you were at open ed in Niagara this past fall? Okay", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00049-00024948-00025600": "so you've heard a bit of this about open dialogue and then opening minds and so", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00050-00025600-00026227": "when you scratch the surface of this work you get to this: the social justice", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00051-00026227-00026758": "issues that are names to address. I spoke to some of this in that keynote", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00052-00026758-00027418": "and I'll make a link available to that as well so Lilian talked about the food", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00053-00027418-00028063": "or books, right? Who creates knowledge? Who has access to knowledge? If who gets", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00054-00028063-00028552": "the learning opportunities and who has a voice? Those are all social justice", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00055-00028552-00029038": "issues I would argue and we can point to places where we're failing in all of", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00056-00029038-00029632": "these. Many others speak about this in their work to had Open Con last year", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00057-00029632-00030100": "Lesley Chan is a professor at University of Toronto and others spoke on a panel", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00058-00030100-00030823": "about inclusion he mentioned a term that a colleague of his uses to reference the", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00059-00030823-00031408": "killing off of ways of knowing rather than embracing diversity his colleague", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00060-00031408-00032091": "called it \"epistemicide\" which i think is a really cool word and here Leslie", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00061-00032091-00032539": "says when we think about open science we have to be careful about whether we're", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00062-00032539-00033141": "thinking of a monolithic concept there should be many open Sciences. Excluding", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00063-00033141-00033802": "other ways of knowing is to our detriment. Now some of us are comfortable", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00064-00033802-00034183": "with that some of us aren't, so I'm going to dig into that for a second. This is", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00065-00034183-00034657": "just yesterday Dr. Melissa Terras was quoted in a lecture she gave at the", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00066-00034657-00035197": "Touring Institute where she said, \"all data is historical data: the product of a", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00067-00035197-00035622": "time, place, political, economic, technical, and social climate. If you're not", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00068-00035622-00036184": "considering why your data exists and other data sets don't, you are doing data", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00069-00036184-00036811": "science wrong.\" Bold move! Just this statement, some of us take for", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00070-00036811-00037279": "granted others of us disagree with it, makes some of us very uncomfortable but", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00071-00037279-00037687": "we're not having a conversation about this and we need to. So Melissa Terras", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00072-00037687-00038137": "is the professor of Digital Cultural Heritage that you receive Attenborough's", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00073-00038137-00038725": "college of arts humanities and social sciences and she is a Turing institute", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00074-00038725-00039139": "fellow. I don't know her. I don't know her institution. I don't know the Turing", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00075-00039139-00039784": "institute. I stumbled upon this yesterday and then something interesting happened", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00076-00039784-00040534": "This happened: \"careful about relativism\" we're warned don't open this up too far", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00077-00040534-00041095": "we still need rigor we need academic quality. we still need a mechanism for", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00078-00041095-00041680": "determining who's best. so this is a researcher and we'll get into who he is", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00079-00041680-00041932": "in a moment I don't know how to pronounce his name I'm not convinced two", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00080-00041932-00042310": "single molecules care much about the political climate was his response to", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00081-00042310-00042796": "her original tweet and then she said no but data about molecules uses product of", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00082-00042796-00043153": "value propositions regarding funding and the deployment of resources and what is", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00083-00043153-00043540": "\"worthy\" of study and also history of scientific development which is the", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00084-00043540-00043938": "wider point I'm making not looking at what was sampled and then he said, \"beware", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00085-00043938-00044857": "of relativism little smiley face\" and she didn't respond as of, as of right now, she", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00086-00044857-00045465": "still hasn't responded now most people would look at this and would say stop", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00087-00045465-00046120": "not going to respond and I'm speculating but most of us would stay", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00088-00046120-00046969": "the hell away from this, right? but I didn't. So, I didn't because I was coming", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00089-00046969-00047536": "here today and I wanted to talk to you about when it's time to speak up and I'm", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00090-00047536-00047983": "really struggling with this because I have a hard time speaking up. I have a", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00091-00047983-00048511": "hard time standing up. I have a hard time with this revolution thing and figuring", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00092-00048511-00048919": "out how to be a part of it and do it in a way that makes me vulnerable but", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00093-00048919-00049372": "doesn't leave me open to being eviscerated and those are fine lines so", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00094-00049372-00049918": "I wanted to say it's not relativism we can differentiate between law and", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00095-00049918-00050416": "supposition I thought a lot about my response we're capable about being", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00096-00050416-00050878": "transparent about the path of capital in our work. Who paid for it? Thank you", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00097-00050878-00051400": "eCampusOntario. Whether we have a conflict of interest, we can be honest", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00098-00051400-00051897": "about our biases, I think, if it's influencing our data collection. If it's", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00099-00051897-00052258": "possible there's another yet undiscovered explanation for what we're", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00100-00052258-00053055": "seeing. Why can't we be excited about that too so I wondered what is the", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00101-00053055-00053335": "fondness for correctness or completion what if we", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00102-00053335-00053848": "leave things incomplete and wonder so I stepped into the dangerous territory and", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00103-00053848-00054637": "I said the following. What did I say? I didn't put it all here", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00104-00054637-00055191": "hold on a second this isn't the full thread, sorry... I said", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00105-00055191-00056050": "in response to... oh I screwed this up stand by, I know you're dying to know", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00106-00056050-00056679": "what I said. So I stepped into the dangerous territory after the \"beware of", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00107-00056679-00057178": "relativism smiley face\" and I said \"contextualizing need not lead to", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00108-00057178-00057766": "relativism rather it's acknowledging the role of capital context and complex", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00109-00057766-00058474": "systems that make up our world\" and then he responded and he said, \"how do you", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00110-00058474-00058912": "suggest that I contextualize this?\" and if you click on the link you get to a", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00111-00058912-00059635": "paper that he wrote that's really really complicated science stuff and I said by", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00112-00059635-00060145": "using good scientific practices, for example disclosing conflicts of interest,", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00113-00060145-00060622": "using careful language as you do in the abstract (he used the phrase, \"may", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00114-00060622-00061114": "provide\" and \"likelihood\") that leave open yet undiscovered explanations. I believe", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00115-00061114-00061540": "in even a lay person's ability to differentiate between law, gravity, and", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00116-00061540-00061978": "supposition and then I woke up this morning because he's in Britain and he", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00117-00061978-00062332": "said, \"I think he may be confusing every day use of likelihood with its precise", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00118-00062332-00062929": "statistical meaning\" So to the statisticians, I'm sure I am screwing", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00119-00062929-00063550": "something up and so I I want to learn. I want him to explain to me but I also", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00120-00063550-00064005": "maintain that I think there is probably this continuum of, I think this is the", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00121-00064005-00064570": "case and we know this is a law. Gravity for instance we don't screw around with", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00122-00064570-00065395": "right but then this guy has a Wikipedia page he's actually um he's really", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00123-00065395-00065788": "way more sophisticated in terms of statistics and I am. I've never had a", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00124-00065788-00066453": "statistics course. So I really took a risk in stretching my neck out there", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00125-00066459-00067359": "right but I wondered. There's no question science should stick to those things it", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00126-00067359-00067992": "knows and good science should continue to not know. So there's this wonderful", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00127-00067992-00068442": "article that they found that foxes strongly prefer to jump in a", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00128-00068442-00069045": "northeasterly direction around 20 degrees off of magnetic north. This fixed", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00129-00069045-00069543": "heading was important for their success as hunters they're more likely to make a", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00130-00069543-00070113": "kill if they jumped along this preferred axis. If they jumped particularly if", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00131-00070113-00070416": "their prey was hidden in high cover so if they pounce to the northeast they", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00132-00070416-00070902": "killed 73 percent of their attacks if they jumped in the opposite direction", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00133-00070902-00071376": "the success rate plummeted to 60 percent in all of the directions only 18 percent", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00134-00071376-00071927": "of their pounces were successful so what's nice about this article is then", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00135-00071927-00072381": "it quotes two scientists who say... John Phillips says, who studies magnetic", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00136-00072381-00072846": "senses at Virginia Tech says, \"the challenge and the fun for anyone", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00137-00072846-00073290": "interested is to come up with another explanation that can explain the data.", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00138-00073290-00073787": "The strength of the author's conclusions are only as good as the inability of", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00139-00073787-00074187": "anyone else to come up with an alternative hypothesis.\" That's science!", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00140-00074187-00074750": "Right? Prove the null not prove the supposition.", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00141-00074750-00075318": "Roswitha Wilsco, one of the pioneers who deciphered the magnetic sense of", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00142-00075318-00075837": "birds says in the same article the findings are really astonishing but she", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00143-00075837-00076358": "also thinks that they're speculative this explanation has plausibility only", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00144-00076358-00076820": "because there's hardly any other mechanism that indicates directions. The", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00145-00076820-00077367": "problem is you can't turn off magnetic north and do a study with foxes we can't", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00146-00077367-00077910": "eliminate it to see if the foxes still exhibit this behavior can't we be really", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00147-00077910-00078708": "really excited about that isn't that cool I think so so good science is good", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00148-00078708-00079323": "it asks the questions and it does this work of discovery and innovation by", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00149-00079323-00079836": "failing by being interested in failure but questioning through curiosity", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00150-00079836-00080274": "Could you come up with any other explanation for this could anything else", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00151-00080274-00080760": "be creating this phenomenon by speculating and then trying to disprove", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00152-00080760-00081482": "it that's what I learned science was doing some of us are eager to", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00153-00081482-00082098": "revolutionize some of us who are eager revolutionize our remaining critical in", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00154-00082098-00082658": "questioning assumptions we've all made just like good science does so some of", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00155-00082658-00083073": "us are questioning who is a producer is it just instructors and we say no its", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00156-00083073-00083564": "students as well so students create question banks this tears down the", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00157-00083564-00083989": "notion that assessment is something that needs to happen by an objective", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00158-00083989-00084675": "instructor right students can create assessments then it also challenges", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00159-00084675-00085089": "whose intellectual property are we concerned with we spend a lot of time", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00160-00085089-00085635": "focusing on the researchers what about cases where for example we've heard", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00161-00085635-00086250": "indigenous stories that are collected by a really well-meaning PhD student who's", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00162-00086250-00086801": "desperate to get their thesis published and then that story becomes the property", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00163-00086801-00087336": "of a museum or an archive or a repository and now the person whose", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00164-00087336-00088205": "story it is doesn't have access to that story we have lots of cases of that so", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00165-00088205-00088595": "support and sharing not many of us experienced either of those in", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00166-00088595-00089126": "undergraduate or graduate schools it was competition protecting information and", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00167-00089126-00089789": "publishing before someone else scooped you so we're all capable of open and", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00168-00089789-00090132": "there isn't an industry or discipline that wouldn't benefit from open and", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00169-00090132-00090639": "these are just some examples that it's not just text its music its art its", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00170-00090639-00091394": "images its photos its thoughts its ideas its videos its everything and this is", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00171-00091394-00091863": "kind of exciting this was just announced last week and this I don't know Lillian", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00172-00091863-00092345": "you might be interested in this for your quest for francophone Ontarians the", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00173-00092345-00092804": "Mozilla crowd-sourced the largest data set of human voices available for use", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00174-00092804-00093225": "including 18 different languages adding up to almost 1,400", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00175-00093225-00093747": "hours of recorded voice data for more than 42,000 contributors as a", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00176-00093747-00094134": "community-driven project people around the world who care about having a voice", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00177-00094134-00094758": "database in their language of in responsible for every new launch some", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00178-00094758-00095151": "are passionate volunteers some are doing this as part of their day jobs as", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00179-00095151-00095607": "linguists or technologists each of these efforts require translating the website", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00180-00095607-00095991": "to allow contributions and adding sentences to be read this is huge this", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00181-00095991-00096414": "is going to change everything as we automate as we go to machine learning as", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00182-00096414-00096993": "we go to artificial intelligence as we go from text to speech these are the", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00183-00096993-00097422": "this is going to allow us to do it in 18 different languages some of these", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00184-00097422-00098061": "languages don't exist on the internet yet this is tearing the handle off the", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00185-00098061-00098595": "pump which when I say that I'm afraid people don't get it anymore cuz John", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00186-00098595-00099138": "Snow has become this character in Game of Thrones but Jon Snow the grandfather", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00187-00099138-00099912": "of Epidemiology saw the correlation well the causation actually of the data of", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00188-00099912-00100275": "where people in London were getting sick from cholera and it was coming from the", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00189-00100275-00100758": "public plump so he didn't form a committee he didn't wait for funding he", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00190-00100758-00101355": "tore the handle off the pump all right so so we just did a bit of the who in", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00191-00101355-00101781": "the what do you see yourselves in this slide are people in this room", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00192-00101781-00102291": "responsible for any of these things you do some of them they may not do any of", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00193-00102291-00103206": "them and this do you see where you can provide leadership in this slide where", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00194-00103206-00103808": "you can have an impact we may say we aren't political we aren't an activist", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00195-00103808-00104261": "and those things can all be true what it's also true is that nothing we do or", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00196-00104261-00104700": "say is neutral it's embedded in our experiences as Lilian showed us and our", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00197-00104700-00105348": "context we make choices and I'll call them design choices all the time so", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00198-00105348-00105836": "nothing is neutral we're all designers and we're all part of this revolution by", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00199-00105836-00106333": "virtue of being designers or else we're not we're part of the status quo and the", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00200-00106333-00107049": "perpetuating of the way we do things cataloguing is not a neutral act there", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00201-00107049-00107583": "were a lot of you in this room who were librarians taxonomy z' it's not just a", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00202-00107583-00107988": "neutral means of organizing knowledge but inevitably serves as a means to", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00203-00107988-00108624": "establish and naturalize hierarchic structures we experienced this when we", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00204-00108624-00109098": "create our own taxonomy z' if you're in downtown toronto and it's night and you", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00205-00109098-00109688": "see a little animal scurrying along and it has a hump in its back what is it", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00206-00109697-00110591": "this is not a trick question it's a raccoon right it's a raccoon it's a city", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00207-00110591-00111057": "of raccoons except there were a couple of capybaras that got loose in High Park", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00208-00111057-00111629": "a couple of years ago right so it could have been a capybara so we have this", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00209-00111629-00112130": "quick brain slow brain right this is Daniel Kahneman's Thinking Fast and Slow", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00210-00112130-00112733": "do you create a new entry in your database or is it the raccoon whenever", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00211-00112733-00113258": "we create buckets of something you get something that doesn't quite fit so then", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00212-00113258-00113697": "you wind up creating oh it just means I need to create another bucket I forgot", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00213-00113697-00114222": "about this differentiation between this thing and this thing but how many of you", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00214-00114222-00114672": "when you've packed to move find a miscellaneous bucket where it's one of", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00215-00114672-00115196": "these you just sort of grab everything and stick it in there", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00216-00115208-00115826": "Publishing is not neutral paywalls create haves and have-nots where is the", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00217-00115826-00116405": "capital who stands to benefit who's left out or left behind who does not have", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00218-00116405-00117110": "access some cases access to their own stories this from spark and from Nicole", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00219-00117110-00117638": "Allen textbooks are not neutral we see the textbook cost increase versus the", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00220-00117638-00118313": "increase versus inflation and we see how astronomical that is syllabi are not", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00221-00118313-00118754": "neutral we say to students that we want them to be creative and then we give", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00222-00118754-00119201": "them a syllabus that lays out exactly what we want them to do exactly what we", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00223-00119201-00119609": "want to see from them follow the path don't deviate we should", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00224-00119609-00119978": "be creating only as much structure as is absolutely needed in", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00225-00119978-00120560": "nothing more we need to design the syllabus so anyone can walk through it", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00226-00120560-00120986": "and inject it with creativity and curiosity and questioning and failure", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00227-00120986-00121598": "and speculation so often we start our negotiation of form and function in a", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00228-00121598-00122272": "classroom with this and this lays out exactly what you need to do to get an A", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00229-00122272-00122903": "follow the path don't deviate don't smell the flowers classrooms are not", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00230-00122903-00123335": "neutral we need to create teaching and learning environments that are focused", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00231-00123335-00123779": "on the goals and the notions of success of the learners who does this layout", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00232-00123779-00124394": "benefit who doesn't benefit from this who gets left behind", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00233-00124417-00124784": "we know reality is messy you're not supposed to be able to read what's on", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00234-00124784-00125232": "this slide we know it's wonderfully complex we know it's intersectional we", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00235-00125232-00125786": "know it's yet to be discovered but what do we do with it we take all of that", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00236-00125786-00126350": "messiness in that richness and we inflict formality by codifying structure", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00237-00126350-00126899": "around creativity we flatten it we formalize it it we seek to validate it", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00238-00126899-00127304": "this is actually the content that was on the previous page but we've combed its", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00239-00127304-00127927": "hair we put shiny shoes on it and we sent it out to make a good impression", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00240-00128074-00128603": "it's not neutral when we do this we should ask ourselves what gets lost", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00241-00128603-00129258": "what's the byproduct or the sawdust or the waste that's created by our need to", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00242-00129258-00130004": "have neat simple exact corners and while we're at it since we can now see it as a", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00243-00130004-00130457": "social justice issue let us ask what is justice", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00244-00130457-00131078": "who determines this some will go back to that relativism point I don't think we", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00245-00131078-00131627": "need to I think that we can appeal to the UN and we can say justice is", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00246-00131627-00132107": "inclusion an equitable quality education and the promotion of lifelong learning", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00247-00132107-00132977": "opportunities for all and do it by 2030 by the way that's overwhelming some will", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00248-00132977-00133380": "say it's too much for me to take on some will scoff", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00249-00133380-00133905": "laughs this off is unattainable others will call it aspirational but will work", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00250-00133905-00134367": "to find ways to move in that direction so who's going to take this on are you", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00251-00134367-00135066": "working toward this I'll tell you rule number one is don't panic so context", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00252-00135066-00135567": "matters the context here I'm gonna read this to you so you don't have to try to", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00253-00135567-00135966": "read it the context here was that Nicole Allen from spark and I had dinner", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00254-00135966-00136377": "together in Sydney it was a random we happen to be in Australia at the same", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00255-00136377-00136827": "time and we wanted to address what it means to be a responsible leader and", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00256-00136827-00137421": "open and we wanted to make it clear that it's not relativism that anything does", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00257-00137421-00137880": "not go we can't why can't we do this kind of sliding scale of responsibility", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00258-00137880-00138336": "do as much as you possibly can and more especially if you have the resources to", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00259-00138336-00138837": "do it so we said the meaning of open is clear and aspirational in practice", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00260-00138837-00139374": "openness must be understood in context large actors have more resources more", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00261-00139374-00139944": "power and therefore more responsibility small actors often are not structurally", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00262-00139944-00140283": "empowered to be radically open but can still make meaningful steps", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00263-00140283-00140724": "that's the don't panic you can still make meaningful steps open it's a", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00264-00140724-00141180": "process and we should focus on how open things are and for whom rather than just", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00265-00141180-00142032": "whether something is open or not so inclusive and equitable by 2030 that's", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00266-00142032-00142611": "justice so let's get into the details of that what's the least we can do to", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00267-00142611-00143120": "achieve justice let's remember this shall we", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00268-00143120-00143658": "which kids are the bad kids who decides based on what rules and who made the", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00269-00143658-00144227": "rules this says I wish my teacher knew how smart some of the bad kids are a", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00270-00144227-00144840": "little kid wrote this when their teacher asked them to write something down on a", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00271-00144840-00145655": "post-it that they wish that he or she knew I was gonna say something else but", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00272-00145655-00146403": "I just forgot it oh I was gonna say it but the bad kids how many teachers out", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00273-00146403-00147390": "there actually really like the bad kids okay maybe just in K through 12 so I", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00274-00147390-00147930": "want to talk about what it means to stand up remember earlier if you aren't", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00275-00147930-00148305": "in a position of power leadership becomes even harder because showing", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00276-00148305-00148632": "leadership when you are in a position of power means sticking your neck out", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00277-00148632-00149169": "standing up stepping out standing out and there are plenty of times in", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00278-00149169-00149607": "environments where that isn't valued or it's actively punished seeing something", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00279-00149607-00150000": "isn't working helping someone doing it because it's the right thing to do is", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00280-00150000-00150522": "fight the consequences we have some examples of pretty radical", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00281-00150522-00151076": "revolutionaries who risked everything to be open Aaron Swartz Basel Carter Beal", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00282-00151076-00151892": "these two gave their lives for open Aaron was arrested at MIT in 2011 he's", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00283-00151892-00152420": "the kid who downloaded all of JSTOR and then made it publicly available", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00284-00152420-00153024": "no paywall information should be free it was a cute little prank and he was a", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00285-00153024-00153519": "very principled prank it was more than that he felt very passionately that this", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00286-00153519-00153885": "was what needed to be happened the Department of Justice came down on", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00287-00153885-00154560": "him they wanted to they charged him with two counts of wire fraud and 11", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00288-00154560-00155052": "violations of Computer Fraud and Abuse carrying a cumulative maximum penalty of", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00289-00155052-00155376": "a million dollars in fines 35 years in prison", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00290-00155376-00155886": "asset forfeiture restitution and supervised release he declined a plea", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00291-00155886-00156369": "bargain under which he would have served six months in a federal prison two days", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00292-00156369-00156959": "after the prosecution rejected a counteroffer by him he hung himself", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00293-00157046-00157785": "Basel Safa D was a Palestinian Syrian open-source software developer who was", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00294-00157785-00158271": "executed by the Syrian regime shortly after his disappearance in 2015 this was", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00295-00158271-00158772": "a year after Arab Spring he was in Damascus he", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00296-00158772-00159195": "part of the creative commons community and making software available to", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00297-00159195-00159829": "everyone then we've got the people who never got justice we've got Emmett Till", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00298-00159829-00160599": "in 1955 this young african-american was lynched in Mississippi at the age of 14", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00299-00160599-00161127": "after being accused of offending a white woman in her family's grocery store he", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00300-00161127-00161642": "was accused of whistling at her the brutality of his murder and the fact", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00301-00161642-00162264": "that his killers were acquitted drew attention to the long history of violent", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00302-00162264-00162753": "persecution of African Americans now we've got this poster 20 unarmed men", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00303-00162753-00163335": "women and children of color killed by law enforcement since 2012 this speaks", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00304-00163335-00163950": "to our context then we've got those who suffered in Justices Malala she's known", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00305-00163950-00164319": "for her human rights advocacy right especially the education of women and", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00306-00164319-00165017": "children in her native town in northwest Pakistan where the local Taliban had at", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00307-00165017-00165660": "times banned girls from attending school she was shot on a bus she lived", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00308-00165660-00166071": "she's a Nobel Prize winner and then people who still haven't gotten justice", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00309-00166071-00166497": "the Trail of Tears sorry highway of tears series of murders", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00310-00166497-00167163": "and disappearances of more than 40 young girls indigenous women along Highway 16", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00311-00167163-00167850": "between Prince George and Princess in Snite teen cemani sometimes standing up", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00312-00167850-00168353": "means losing your job so many of us fear this how many times have you done", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00313-00168353-00168726": "something you felt was risky on a Friday afternoon and been convinced that by", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00314-00168726-00169140": "Monday you'd be fired kneeling during the star-spangled banner", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00315-00169140-00169563": "is what Colin Kapernick did during a postgame interview he explained his", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00316-00169563-00169995": "position saying I'm not going to stand up to show pride in a flag for a country", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00317-00169995-00170364": "that presses black people and people of color to me this is bigger than football", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00318-00170364-00170804": "and it would be selfish on my part to look the other way there are bodies in", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00319-00170804-00171249": "the street and people getting paid leave and getting away with murder so you see", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00320-00171249-00171854": "when I decided to respond to a senior researcher who's an expert in statistics", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00321-00171854-00172561": "a scientist who has a lot of degree it works at a very fancy institution I I", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00322-00172561-00172926": "decided to stand up and it felt risky but these people have taken enormous", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00323-00172926-00173436": "risks when do we say enough is enough when do we stand up what's interesting", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00324-00173436-00174150": "about this to me is that we can't define it but we know it when it's the moment", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00325-00174150-00174559": "don't we you can't speculate and say a couple of", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00326-00174559-00174934": "weeks from now is the time I'm gonna stand up but when the fever pitch gets", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00327-00174934-00175779": "high enough then you stand up standing up is really hard there's a young woman", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00328-00175779-00176265": "in Africa who says she isn't rich enough to stand up yet or to speak out she", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00329-00176265-00176655": "works in our community and open education her voice isn't heard by any", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00330-00176655-00177285": "of us she said she isn't rich enough to stand up or speak out so we don't hear", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00331-00177285-00177697": "her voice it's not enough to just make it open we have to break down some of", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00332-00177697-00178323": "the barriers to hearing those voices I was just in Savannah a couple weeks ago", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00333-00178323-00178926": "and the superintendent of schools there talked about how she said a point in her", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00334-00178926-00179430": "career where she could just call in from lunch that she's not coming back she and", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00335-00179430-00180141": "she feels this sort of she feels free in making changes to a system that she", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00336-00180141-00180579": "knows is not working for kids because she's at a point in her career where", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00337-00180579-00181108": "she's so senior she can just do that call in from lunch and say I'm done how", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00338-00181108-00181575": "do we how do we grant that to the young researchers to somebody new in their", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00339-00181575-00182250": "career in Africa who wants to talk about who we are so other examples of when", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00340-00182250-00182659": "standing up means taking enormous risks Edward Snowden Rosa Parks Martin Luther", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00341-00182659-00183389": "King jr. Nelson Mandela so then it challenges me to contend with this I", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00342-00183389-00184159": "don't know when do you stand up I'm uncomfortable standing up when do you", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00343-00184159-00184653": "stand up and say enough is enough this week or last week elsevier at the", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00344-00184653-00185020": "university of california system stood up and said enough is enough", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00345-00185020-00185729": "they said no more to Elsevier they were unwilling to meet the ucs key goals", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00346-00185729-00186354": "securing universal open access to UC research as stated in the UCS faculty", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00347-00186354-00186726": "different principles on scholarly communication they put a community", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00348-00186726-00187195": "together a committee they wrote some principles down and then they stuck to", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00349-00187195-00187957": "them and they finally stood up and said enough is enough this is a big deal they", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00350-00187957-00188574": "represent 10 percent of all US published research output Stephen Hawking says", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00351-00188574-00188961": "anyone anywhere in the world chef's free unhindered access to not just my", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00352-00188961-00189370": "research but to the research of every great and enquiring mind across the", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00353-00189370-00189855": "spectrum of human understanding he also says the greatest enemy of knowledge is", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00354-00189855-00190219": "not ignorant it's the illusion of knowledge so back to that science right", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00355-00190219-00190920": "is there any other explanation I can't we be excited about wondering about that", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00356-00190920-00191809": "what is our fascination or our obsession with completion this is our revolution", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00357-00191809-00192687": "folks Cathy Davidson in our community quoting James Baldwin hat hat tweeting", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00358-00192687-00193195": "it to Audrey waters who said it's it is your responsibility to change society if", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00359-00193195-00193810": "you think of yourself as an educated person James Baldwin and now this this", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00360-00193810-00194272": "is the last slide so this image was created by art student alex brutalist", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00361-00194272-00194619": "fernandez and she produced it in response to a professor of hers", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00362-00194619-00195174": "suggesting that she dialed down the feminism that didn't work out so well", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00363-00195174-00195678": "because he went viral it's now she now sells it as a sticker a poster I think", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00364-00195678-00196188": "there's a t-shirt and at least 10% of all of her earnings go to charities so", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00365-00196188-00196779": "on one side it says complicit in my own dehumanization on the other side of the", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00366-00196779-00197415": "desire of the dial as the raging feminist I put myself over there where", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00367-00197415-00197895": "are you gonna put yourself it's time to choose", "iPBobWt0rRQ-00368-00197982-00198199": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "iPZe_WempSu", "text": {"iPZe_WempSu-00000-00000188-00000513": "WELCOME TO ALL HANDS UPDATE, I'M PETTY OFFICER JONATHAN PANKAU.", "iPZe_WempSu-00001-00000513-00001084": "THE TRANSITION GOALS, PLANS, SUCCESS, OR GPS CLASS, OFFERS THREE CAREER TRACK COURSES:", "iPZe_WempSu-00002-00001084-00001561": "ACCESSING HIGHER EDUCATION, CAREER TECHNICAL TRAINING, AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP.", "iPZe_WempSu-00003-00001561-00001972": "IN ADDITION TO THE MANDATORY GPS COURSE, THESE OPTIONAL TWO-DAY COURSES PROVIDE GUIDANCE", "iPZe_WempSu-00004-00001972-00002148": "FOR YOUR INDIVIDUAL GOALS.", "iPZe_WempSu-00005-00002148-00002519": "THERE ARE ALSO PODCASTS THAT PROVIDE AN OVERVIEW OF THE CAREER TRACK COURSES.", "iPZe_WempSu-00006-00002519-00002991": "\"IN THE SHORT TERM WE HOPE THAT THESE VIDEOS WILL INCREASE AWARENESS AND INTEREST IN THE", "iPZe_WempSu-00007-00002991-00003511": "CAREER TRACK PROGRAMS. IN THE LONG TERM, WE HOPE THAT BY ATTENDING THESE SUPPLEMENTAL", "iPZe_WempSu-00008-00003511-00004025": "WORKSHOPS, IT'LL IMPROVE A TRANSITIONING SERVICE MEMBER'S OUTCOMES BY GIVING THEM THE TOOLS", "iPZe_WempSu-00009-00004025-00004582": "AND INFORMATION THEY NEED IN ORDER TO HELP THEM WITH A SUCCESSFUL TRANSITION BY USING", "iPZe_WempSu-00010-00004582-00004904": "THE RESOURCES THAT ARE AVAILABLE TO THEM.\"", "iPZe_WempSu-00011-00004904-00005111": "SPOUSES ARE WELCOME TO ATTEND ALL COURSES.", "iPZe_WempSu-00012-00005111-00005750": "FOR MORE INFORMATION, OR TO VIEW THE PODCASTS, VISIT THE CNIC WEBSITE."}}, {"audio_id": "iQiMrmr6w6M", "text": {"iQiMrmr6w6M-00001-00001360-00002806": "Yonder come Roberta! Tell me how do you know? By the color of her apron and the dress she wore.", "iQiMrmr6w6M-00002-00003066-00003810": "Umbrella on her shoulder, piece o' paper in her hand.", "iQiMrmr6w6M-00003-00003810-00004476": "She says to the cap'n: “I want my man!”", "iQiMrmr6w6M-00004-00004518-00005946": "Let the Midnight Special shine a light on me. Oh, twenty long year, in the penitentiary.", "iQiMrmr6w6M-00006-00006142-00007564": "Let the Midnight Special shine a light on me.  Oh, twenty long years in the penitentiary"}}, {"audio_id": "iQDcZYkKLzu", "text": {"iQDcZYkKLzu-00000-00000567-00001211": "Mike Metz got one one knee and asked his girlfriend Ashley Millican to marry him", "iQDcZYkKLzu-00001-00001328-00002018": "The couple, both 20, were waiting to see the Queen, Prince Harry and Ms Markle", "iQDcZYkKLzu-00002-00002135-00002731": "Miss Millican said yes and the couple say they will watch the royal wedding", "iQDcZYkKLzu-00003-00002848-00003965": "One royal family fan got an unexpected Christmas surprise when her boyfriend proposed to her live on Sky News as they queued to catch a glimpse of Meghan Markle.", "iQDcZYkKLzu-00004-00004082-00005346": "American couple Mike Metz and Ashley Millican, both 20, were waiting to see the Queen, Prince Harry and his fiancee at Sandringham when Mr Metz popped the question.", "iQDcZYkKLzu-00005-00005463-00006525": "Mr Metz got one one knee when Sky News correspondent Rhiannon Mills asked why it was so important for them to come and see the royals on Christmas morning", "iQDcZYkKLzu-00006-00006642-00007584": "He pulled out a ring and said: 'I want to spend the rest of my Christmases with you Ashley, so I don't know if you want to marry me?'", "iQDcZYkKLzu-00007-00007701-00008355": "Putting her hand to her mouth and fighting back tears, she replied: 'Yes", "iQDcZYkKLzu-00008-00008472-00009234": "Oh my God', saying 'Yes, yes, yes' as she took the ring from the little white box", "iQDcZYkKLzu-00009-00009351-00010814": "The couple were waiting for the royals to attend a Christmas Day service at St Mary Magdalene Church, on the Queen's Sandringham Estate, while they visited the UK to see a relative from Wisconsin", "iQDcZYkKLzu-00010-00010931-00011739": "'I'm feeling great, excited,' Mr Metz told Mills, who had been tipped off about the proposal", "iQDcZYkKLzu-00011-00011856-00012522": "Miss Millican, from Texas, said the proposal came as a complete surprise.", "iQDcZYkKLzu-00012-00012639-00013322": "'I had no idea,' she said, adding: 'I was definitely very surprised", "iQDcZYkKLzu-00013-00013438-00014155": "I never thought he would ask me right before we were about to see the Royal Family for the first time.", "iQDcZYkKLzu-00014-00014272-00014854": "'It was a big surprise It's my grandmother's ring, it's very pretty.'", "iQDcZYkKLzu-00015-00014971-00015866": "Presenter Kay Burley, in the studio, said: 'Unbelievable, fantastic and thank goodness she said 'yes'.'", "iQDcZYkKLzu-00016-00015984-00017185": "Mr Metz, of Wisconsin, said he started to plan the proposal in August, asked Miss Millican's parents in September and was nervous ahead of the day.", "iQDcZYkKLzu-00017-00017302-00018110": "He said the couple planned to tie the knot in around 18 months' time and would 'absolutely' watch the royal wedding.", "iQDcZYkKLzu-00018-00018227-00018823": "'It was pretty tough to keep secret as I was so excited,' he said.", "iQDcZYkKLzu-00019-00018940-00019294": "'It's memories to cherish forever.'"}}, {"audio_id": "iQLecYEVCro", "text": {"iQLecYEVCro-00000-00000000-00000200": "OVALWARE Recipe - Irish Coffee", "iQLecYEVCro-00001-00000257-00000457": "Add 1 tablespoon of brown sugar to the cup", "iQLecYEVCro-00002-00000620-00001284": "Fill in 3/4 cup of hot brewed coffee (or to your preference)", "iQLecYEVCro-00003-00001598-00001798": "Add 3 tablespoons of whiskey, preferably Irish, and stir", "iQLecYEVCro-00004-00001962-00002548": "Fill the cup with heavy whipped cream", "iQLecYEVCro-00005-00003041-00003600": "Sprinkle light brown sugar garnish. Enjoy!", "iQLecYEVCro-00006-00003946-00004286": "SUBSCRIBE, LIKE + SHARE if you want to brew better coffee at home effortlessly"}}, {"audio_id": "iQXKBEsE5Ao", "text": {"iQXKBEsE5Ao-00000-00000288-00000645": "Let’s look at this program that uses printf().", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00001-00000645-00000888": "There’s something interesting here.", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00002-00000897-00001126": "The first call has two arguments,", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00003-00001126-00001381": "the second call has three arguments,", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00004-00001381-00001645": "and the last callhas four arguments.", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00005-00001645-00001968": "But in all the methods we’ve written so far,", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00006-00001968-00002168": "we’ve had to specify exactly", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00007-00002168-00002429": "how many arguments the method can have.", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00008-00002429-00002668": "What strange sorcery is this,", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00009-00002668-00003093": "that allows you to give printf() as many arguments as you’d like?", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00010-00003093-00003434": "The answer is that Java lets you specify", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00011-00003434-00003793": "that a method can have a variable number of arguments.", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00012-00003997-00004360": "We’re going to write a method that returns the maximum of", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00013-00004360-00004522": "any number of arguments.", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00014-00004522-00004873": "so that we can write a program like this:", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00015-00004873-00005354": "printing the maximum of two integers,", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00016-00005354-00005892": "the maximum of three integers,", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00017-00006268-00006877": "or the maximum of a whole group of integers.", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00018-00007368-00007657": "Here’s the method header.", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00019-00007656-00008178": "It’s going to return an int; we’ll call it max(),", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00020-00008178-00008765": "and the parameter int dot dot dot numbers.", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00021-00008765-00009354": "The three dots tell Java to expect a variable number of arguments", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00022-00009354-00009658": "and to treat them as if they were an array.", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00023-00009658-00009925": "The body of the method", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00024-00009925-00010076": "looks like this:", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00025-00010076-00010352": "We’ll set our maximum value", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00026-00010352-00010682": "to be the first argument,", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00027-00010722-00011189": "wnkch is the first element of the argument array, in this case.", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00028-00011189-00011718": "And then, we’ll iterate through the remaining numbers", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00029-00011918-00012232": "if one of the arguments", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00030-00012232-00012560": "is greater than the current maximum,", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00031-00012560-00012891": "it becomes the current maximum.", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00032-00013091-00013412": "When we’re out of the loop,", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00033-00013412-00013724": "we’ll return that maximum.", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00034-00013924-00014163": "Let’s compile that...", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00035-00014363-00014602": "and let’s run it.", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00036-00014802-00015063": "And it works.", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00037-00015263-00015630": "Beccause the variable arguments are treated as an array,", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00038-00015630-00015912": "you can also pass an array to this method.", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00039-00015912-00016240": "I can create an integer array", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00040-00016240-00016642": "called *data*, which has some numbers in it,", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00041-00016842-00016966": "and then", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00042-00016966-00017512": "I can use the array as an argument.", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00043-00018113-00018502": "Compile and run...", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00044-00018502-00018756": "and that works too.", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00045-00018800-00019217": "There are two restrictions on using variable arguments:", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00046-00019217-00019665": "You can’t have more than one variable-arguments parameter,", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00047-00019665-00020005": "and the variable-arguments parameter must", "iQXKBEsE5Ao-00048-00020005-00020205": "be the last one in the parameter list."}}, {"audio_id": "iRkhSey_68U", "text": {"iRkhSey_68U-00000-00000008-00000200": "Then take a stand against bigotry."}}, {"audio_id": "iRtyRoXJu-0", "text": {"iRtyRoXJu-0-00000-00000000-00034200": "SUBCRIBE NOW ... HAPPY CHIRSTMAS .. GOD BLESS YOU.."}}, {"audio_id": "iRF__SadecU", "text": {"iRF__SadecU-00000-00000144-00000324": "Singapore celebrates Chinese New Year", "iRF__SadecU-00001-00000408-00000762": "and welcomes the year of the Monkey"}}, {"audio_id": "iRFCf0BeMpk", "text": {"iRFCf0BeMpk-00000-00009125-00009346": "A most covetous prize indeed.", "iRFCf0BeMpk-00001-00009410-00009710": "I trust there were no... complications.", "iRFCf0BeMpk-00002-00010226-00010356": "Your comission.", "iRFCf0BeMpk-00003-00011041-00011253": "You'll be hearing from us."}}, {"audio_id": "iRM_zcqIGeI", "text": {"iRM_zcqIGeI-00000-00000552-00000884": "Bettie Graham: Next we have a report on the Human Microbiome", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00001-00000884-00001284": "Project, and that will be led by Lita Proctor.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00002-00001284-00001821": "The NIH Common Fund Human Microbiome Project was established with the mission of generating", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00003-00001821-00002429": "research resources enabling comprehensive characterization of the human microbiota and", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00004-00002429-00002740": "analysis of their role in human health and diseases.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00005-00002740-00003426": "The information generated by HMP is made available worldwide for use by investigators and others", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00006-00003426-00003839": "in efforts to understand and improve human health.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00007-00003839-00004280": "This is a 10-year project that is now completed.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00008-00004280-00005057": "It's been managed by NHGRI, and Lita has been basically the program person from almost the", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00009-00005057-00005157": "beginning.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00010-00005157-00005573": "So, she's here today to tell us about the accomplishments of the program.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00011-00005573-00005673": "Lita?", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00012-00005673-00005869": "Lita Proctor: Thank you, Bettie.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00013-00005869-00005969": "Good afternoon.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00014-00005969-00006175": "As Bettie mentioned, this is a 10-year program.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00015-00006175-00006448": "It's sunsetting, or has sunsetted.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00016-00006448-00006977": "And many on council may not realize this, but the genesis of the Human Microbiome Project", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00017-00006977-00007364": "was really born out of this Institute back when Dr. Collins was our director.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00018-00007364-00007848": "So, when I had my first opportunity available at a council meeting, I asked to give this", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00019-00007848-00008039": "overview presentation to this council.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00020-00008039-00008592": "I thought it was quite appropriate.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00021-00008592-00008924": "I do want to cover sort of three areas.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00022-00008924-00009220": "I'm sure many of you know what the human microbiome is, but for those of you who don't I want", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00023-00009220-00009602": "to give just a brief overview so we can be talking about the same thing.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00024-00009602-00010313": "I want to cover the Human Microbiome Project; its goals, its outcomes, and what was accomplished", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00025-00010313-00010821": "over these 10 years, and then close with talking about recent advances in human microbiome", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00026-00010821-00011150": "research, even in this very young field.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00027-00011150-00011745": "So, the human microbiome is the thousands of microbial species that possess millions", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00028-00011745-00011915": "of genes that live with us.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00029-00011915-00012595": "They live in every epithelial surface in and outside of our bodies.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00030-00012595-00013059": "When you think of the gene complement of these microbes -- we generally use the word microbiome", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00031-00013059-00013303": "to include the gene complement of these microbes.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00032-00013303-00013444": "But most of them are not culturable.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00033-00013444-00013933": "So, in fact for many, many years, we didn't really know much about the diversity richness", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00034-00013933-00014372": "or the vast array of these microbes.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00035-00014372-00014747": "The numbers there next to the little cartoon is to give you a sense of -- now these are", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00036-00014747-00015219": "just bacterial numbers -- give you a sense of the magnitude that the numbers of microbes", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00037-00015219-00015441": "that live on different body regions.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00038-00015441-00016016": "Now, we acquire our initial inoculum of microbes at birth.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00039-00016016-00016338": "This is a cluster analysis of microbiome makeup.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00040-00016338-00016752": "Let's see, where's the pointer?", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00041-00016752-00016852": "Is that the pointer?", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00042-00016852-00017052": "Where's the pointer on this thing?", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00043-00017052-00017293": "I can't figure out where the pointer is on this thing.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00044-00017293-00018010": "This is a cluster analysis of microbiome makeup in mother and baby, born either by cesarean,", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00045-00018010-00018442": "which is in baby blue, or vaginally, which is in pink.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00046-00018442-00019056": "And the bright red is the makeup of the mother's vaginal microbiome, and the bright blue is", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00047-00019056-00019293": "the makeup of the mother's skin microbiome.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00048-00019293-00019711": "And then, just for a data point the oral microbiome of the mother.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00049-00019711-00020202": "And the point I want to show by showing this figure is that babies are micromagnets.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00050-00020202-00020595": "So, when they are born vaginally, they acquire the mother's microbiome as initial inoculum.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00051-00020595-00021095": "However, if they're born cesarean, which is a very common birth mode these days, they", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00052-00021095-00021524": "still pick up microbes, but they tend to pick up microbes from skin or other sources in", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00053-00021524-00021718": "the environment.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00054-00021718-00022231": "Then what happens is if a child is breast-fed, breastmilk turns out to be microbe food, not", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00055-00022231-00022356": "baby food.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00056-00022356-00022853": "And so, the monosaccharides in breastmilk help the microbiome -- is that the pointer?", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00057-00022853-00022953": "There it is.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00058-00022953-00023200": "The microbiome material over about two to three years of life.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00059-00023200-00023694": "Of course, this is going on along the same time that the immune system is developing.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00060-00023694-00024431": "These microbes encode a vast array of metabolic pathways, and it's thought that the microbiome", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00061-00024431-00024790": "either augments or extends the capabilities that are encoded in human genome.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00062-00024790-00025264": "So, I decided to use this graphic from a Scientific American article in which they very clearly", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00063-00025264-00025826": "show -- here's the total number of human genes in the human genome, and here are all the", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00064-00025826-00026416": "genes, unique genes -- not duplicated genes, unique genes -- in just the gut microbiome,", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00065-00026416-00026839": "further driving home the point that the microbiome probably augments or extends capabilities", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00066-00026839-00027112": "in the human genome.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00067-00027112-00027630": "So, there were a lot of different impetus for the Human Microbiome Project, but I'll", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00068-00027630-00027791": "just call out one.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00069-00027791-00028055": "And this comes from the epidemiological literature.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00070-00028055-00028624": "And that epidemiologists noticed that through the use of vaccines and antibiotics and so", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00071-00028624-00029037": "on, there was quite a successful drop in many kinds of infectious disease.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00072-00029037-00029416": "But at the same time, they started to see this emergence of many different kinds of", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00073-00029416-00029871": "allergic or autoimmune diseases; almost like a mirror image of what was happening with", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00074-00029871-00029981": "the infectious disease.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00075-00029981-00030277": "And so, the question to the community was well, what's happening?", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00076-00030277-00030683": "I mean, is this the human genome changing at this kind of rate, or is there some other", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00077-00030683-00030783": "factor?", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00078-00030783-00031215": "And so, what was proposed is that there were changes in the microbiome associated with", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00079-00031215-00031802": "modern medical practice, or just modern practices of society that might be somehow stimulating", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00080-00031802-00032268": "the emergence of these autoimmune diseases.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00081-00032268-00032774": "The other really important impetus for the Human Microbiome Project, of course, was this", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00082-00032774-00032987": "program emerged out of the Human Genome Project.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00083-00032987-00033480": "There are many aspects, many features of the Human Microbiome Project that really you can", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00084-00033480-00033891": "point back to the Human Genome Project as its basis.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00085-00033891-00034508": "But maybe most importantly is the fact that all these sequencing technologies were developed", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00086-00034508-00034829": "that now allowed us to study the human microbiome.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00087-00034829-00035084": "Remember I mentioned that many microbes weren't culturable.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00088-00035084-00035430": "And even if you cultured them, you got them separated, not working in a community.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00089-00035430-00035837": "If you can do sequence analysis, you can look at them at the community level.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00090-00035837-00036528": "So, the Common Fund, which is an office under the office of the director, kick-started this", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00091-00036528-00037331": "10-year Human Microbiome Project at a level of $215 million solely as a community resource", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00092-00037331-00037712": "program, meaning that everything that was developed within this 10-year program was", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00093-00037712-00038199": "meant to be a resource, a toolkit for the larger research community to undertake microbiome", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00094-00038199-00038308": "research.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00095-00038308-00038912": "So, the program goals were to develop these research resources, many, many kinds, and", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00096-00038912-00039455": "most importantly to rapidly release these resources in every way possible.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00097-00039455-00039869": "The other thing that's not often called out but I think is important to point out is that", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00098-00039869-00040493": "the Human Microbiome Project also really birthed a resource consortium across these 35 institutions", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00099-00040493-00040658": "around the country.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00100-00040658-00041300": "So, that really formed the foundation, or the seed community, if you will, for this", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00101-00041300-00041452": "emerging research area.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00102-00041452-00041849": "And then, fourthly, I think a thing that hasn't also been called out very often is just the", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00103-00041849-00042369": "approach to this kind of research that the HMP and the resources that it developed really", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00104-00042369-00042940": "helped form a new paragon for this research area and how to undertake this research.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00105-00042940-00043540": "So, as is often the case with many Common Fund activities, they build these out as phases.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00106-00043540-00043983": "So, there are two phases to the HMP: The first phase was a six-year program, and the second", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00107-00043983-00044103": "phase was four.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00108-00044103-00044684": "The first phase was also a more richly funded component of this program and was very basic.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00109-00044684-00044897": "The question was who's there?", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00110-00044897-00045319": "We wanted to do a survey of these microbes living in our bodies.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00111-00045319-00045646": "And that survey work was done in a couple of different ways, only through human", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00112-00045646-00046106": "cohort studies; no animal models were done at all in any -- no animal model work was", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00113-00046106-00046418": "done at all within the HMP.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00114-00046418-00046612": "There is a so-called famous human cohort study.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00115-00046612-00047103": "We wanted to have a reference database and healthy people of what a typical or characteristic", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00116-00047103-00047247": "microbiome in healthy people.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00117-00047247-00047886": "So, there was a very exhaustive healthy cohort study mounted in which 300 adult men and women", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00118-00047886-00048531": "were clinically examined across each of these body regions and verified to be free of disease", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00119-00048531-00048664": "before they were sampled.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00120-00048664-00049090": "So, clearly far more than getting your annual exam.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00121-00049090-00049558": "And these five major body regions were sampled simultaneously.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00122-00049558-00050086": "And many of these cohort subjects were visited for up to three times.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00123-00050086-00050233": "They also had other criteria.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00124-00050233-00050681": "They couldn't take antibiotics; they couldn't take probiotics; they couldn't take immunomodulators.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00125-00050681-00051211": "We really wanted an undisturbed microbiome from healthy people.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00126-00051211-00051586": "On the other hand, we were quite interested in what was the role of microbiome in disease.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00127-00051586-00052080": "So, there was a suite of demonstration projects in order to demonstrate where there was a", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00128-00052080-00052387": "characteristic microbiome associated with disease.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00129-00052387-00052759": "There were about a dozen, a little over a dozen of these demonstration projects funded", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00130-00052759-00053452": "across basically three parts of the body: skin, G.I./oral, and urogenital.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00131-00053452-00054013": "All these projects utilized sequence-based analysis to characterize the microbiome in", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00132-00054013-00054132": "these cohorts.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00133-00054132-00054801": "So, here's a kind of classic graphic that you see whenever you hear about the microbiome.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00134-00054801-00055220": "This is metagenomic analysis of microbiome community composition; again, another cluster", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00135-00055220-00055320": "analysis.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00136-00055320-00055692": "And here are those five major body regions that I referred to.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00137-00055692-00056238": "The main take home point here on this figure is that microbial community composition in", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00138-00056238-00056444": "each body region is distinct.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00139-00056444-00056544": "Okay.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00140-00056544-00056644": "G.I.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00141-00056644-00056846": "different from oral and so on.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00142-00056846-00056985": "But I want to zero in on the G.I.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00143-00056985-00057474": "tract because another point that kind of caught us by surprise and is really forcing us to", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00144-00057474-00057666": "rethink what the microbiome is.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00145-00057666-00057792": "And that is if you look at the G.I.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00146-00057792-00058464": "-- this is a figure from another paper, but I used this because this particular investigator", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00147-00058464-00058613": "utilized the same color scheme.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00148-00058613-00059134": "So, the dots in blue on this cluster analysis are healthy subjects.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00149-00059134-00059763": "And then, the dots in red and orange are overlaid gut microbiome composition of two forms of", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00150-00059763-00060178": "IBD patients; ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00151-00060178-00060655": "And unfortunately, because we set out with the assumption that we could actually use", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00152-00060655-00061203": "community composition as a biomarker for a phenotype, our conclusion though, unfortunately,", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00153-00061203-00061651": "was that large-scale community composition alone couldn't really be used to differentiate", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00154-00061651-00061753": "those phenotypes.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00155-00061753-00062502": "But that really formed the basis of phase two of this program in that it's a smaller", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00156-00062502-00062847": "activity of 35 million rather than 180 million.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00157-00062847-00063126": "But the goal here was to ask what are they doing?", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00158-00063126-00063288": "We can't just say who's present.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00159-00063288-00063442": "We have to ask the question what are they doing?", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00160-00063442-00064092": "So, we undertook to fund a series of cohort studies in which these projects analyze the", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00161-00064092-00064572": "multi-omic functional properties not only of the microbiome, but of the host, and track", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00162-00064572-00064680": "them over time.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00163-00064680-00065185": "The prior project were case-control studies, and these are longitudinal studies.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00164-00065185-00065517": "And then, the quest was to interrogate these integrated datasets.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00165-00065517-00066118": "Hence, the name of this phase, the Integrated HMP.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00166-00066118-00066629": "Because it's quite pricey to undertake the analysis of all these multi-omic functional", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00167-00066629-00067050": "properties, we funded three projects.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00168-00067050-00067589": "All three serve as models, so the data coming out of these three clinical studies would", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00169-00067589-00068033": "be of interest to much more than the communities that study these areas.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00170-00068033-00068426": "So, one of them was on the dynamics of pregnancy and preterm birth.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00171-00068426-00068872": "So, included both the vaginal and gut microbiome as the microbiome component of the project.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00172-00068872-00069387": "And the dynamics of IBD primarily focused on the gut microbiome and the dynamics of", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00173-00069387-00069873": "type II diabetes, which included the dynamics of the microbiome in the nares in the nasal", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00174-00069873-00070262": "area as well as in the gut.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00175-00070262-00070781": "And they collected seven or eight different data types, deposited all their data in the", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00176-00070781-00070920": "seven or eight different depositories.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00177-00070920-00071470": "Let me just give you a picture of how much more complicated these three clinical studies", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00178-00071470-00071570": "were.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00179-00071570-00071826": "This is just a snapshot from the IBD study.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00180-00071826-00072355": "You can see these are all the different data types they collected from the host; all the", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00181-00072355-00072657": "different data types they collected from the microbiome.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00182-00072657-00072969": "And I want to point out -- I think I have it here -- yeah.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00183-00072969-00073604": "In phase one, the cohort studies only collected metagenome data and 16 S data.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00184-00073604-00074161": "The data types across the phase two projects were far more complex.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00185-00074161-00074620": "And remember what I told you, that we really could not use large-scale community composition", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00186-00074620-00074836": "to differentiate these host phenotypes.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00187-00074836-00075130": "So, the analysis was far more complex.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00188-00075130-00075550": "It's trying to take all these different omic datatypes and conduct a network analysis.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00189-00075550-00076024": "Now, I don't expect you to make any sense of this network analysis web, but you have", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00190-00076024-00076546": "to trust me when the investigators have been able to show that certain properties or certain", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00191-00076546-00077229": "microbes are gained or lost in the diseased cohorts compared to healthy controls.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00192-00077229-00077604": "And so, the large take-home from phase two -- and they are still sort of in the middle", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00193-00077604-00078001": "of the analysis -- but the large take-home from phase two is that they found that the", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00194-00078001-00078650": "loss or gain of specific microbes or specific metabolic pathways was characteristic of diseased", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00195-00078650-00078763": "patients.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00196-00078763-00079581": "So, a far more kind of complex analysis would be needed in order to come up with those phenotypes", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00197-00079581-00079681": "here.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00198-00079681-00079984": "Now, I mentioned there were seven or eight different data types, seven or eight different", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00199-00079984-00080084": "public repositories.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00200-00080084-00080607": "You know, since there are not federated or linked in any kind of way, if you as an investigator", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00201-00080607-00080972": "were interested in these studies, you would not be able to reassemble the study design", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00202-00080972-00081072": "of these projects.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00203-00081072-00081665": "So, a really important component of this program was our HMP data analysis and coordination", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00204-00081665-00082274": "center which houses all of the primary and derived datasets, the tools, the pipelines;", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00205-00082274-00082662": "everything that was produced as a resource in both phases of the program.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00206-00082662-00083303": "They hold it -- sorry about that -- they hold it for phase one as well as phase two.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00207-00083303-00083961": "And just this year there are four major papers under review at nature from phase two, as", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00208-00083961-00084306": "well as a series of 35 companion manuscripts.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00209-00084306-00084864": "And the HMP that now houses all the multi-omic datasets, associated tools, and pipelines,", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00210-00084864-00085262": "and all the walk-throughs, basically handholding their way through analysis of this kind of", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00211-00085262-00085544": "complex data type.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00212-00085544-00086061": "So, to review, then, here are all the resources that were developed in both phases of the", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00213-00086061-00086161": "program.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00214-00086161-00086261": "Okay.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00215-00086261-00086818": "Everything from a sequence in other omic reference datasets from microbiome and host, computational", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00216-00086818-00087376": "and statistical tools and pipelines for microbiome multi-omic data analyses, analytical protocols", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00217-00087376-00087877": "for doing microbiome sample analysis, all the clinical protocols for collection and", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00218-00087877-00088527": "storage of samples from these five major body regions, IRB protocols for actually conducting", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00219-00088527-00089098": "clinical studies for microbiome, and a whole suite of ELSI issues that we evaluated that", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00220-00089098-00089330": "were related to the microbiome.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00221-00089330-00089760": "And a couple of ways that I can point out that these have actually been a real resource", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00222-00089760-00090360": "to the larger community is so far in HMP there have been about 650 publications that have", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00223-00090360-00090595": "come out of this program.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00224-00090595-00091023": "In addition, every year I've gone and tried to do a headcount of how many other investigators", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00225-00091023-00091421": "are not funded by the HMP have actually used HMP data.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00226-00091421-00092156": "And we've estimated between 25 and 50 papers per year are published that utilize HMP reference", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00227-00092156-00092479": "data or tools, but are not funded by the HMP.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00228-00092479-00092996": "So, that's one example of how the HMP has acted as a catalyst, but I want to show you", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00229-00092996-00093130": "something else.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00230-00093130-00093330": "I think this figure speaks volumes.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00231-00093330-00093886": "What I want to show you here is the expansion of human microbiome research at this one institute", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00232-00093886-00094111": "over 10 years.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00233-00094111-00094599": "The X axis is fiscal year; the Y axis total investment in millions of dollars.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00234-00094599-00094705": "And I'm only talking about extramural.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00235-00094705-00094898": "The extramural program director.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00236-00094898-00095237": "So, the only data I have right now that I'm presenting is in the extramural arm of the", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00237-00095237-00095381": "NIH.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00238-00095381-00096055": "The values in red are the investment per year in the HMP; the values in blue are the investment", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00239-00096055-00096391": "in every other institute's microbiome research activity.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00240-00096391-00096938": "So, you can see right away that after about halfway through phase one or so, you start", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00241-00096938-00097421": "to see this explosion of investment in the human microbiome research across the NIH.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00242-00097421-00098006": "Number two, I didn't plot the data here, but this occurred during a time when there was", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00243-00098006-00098513": "either flat, or even in some cases decreased funding in the NIH appropriations.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00244-00098513-00099029": "And we have data to demonstrate that in the blue area 89 percent of these grants were", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00245-00099029-00099518": "from investigator-initiated activities, not at all in response to any RFAs, any targeted", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00246-00099518-00099649": "RFAs.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00247-00099649-00100262": "So, to give you another kind of perspective on this, at the beginning of HMP, there are", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00248-00100262-00100465": "about five or six institutes funding this area.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00249-00100465-00100918": "Many of them were involved in the HMP, and maybe 50 investigators in this very, very", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00250-00100918-00101121": "small community.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00251-00101121-00101550": "At the transition point between phase one and phase two, that total increased to about", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00252-00101550-00101727": "15 institutes funding in this -- oops.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00253-00101727-00101980": "What have I just done?", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00254-00101980-00102132": "There we go.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00255-00102132-00102792": "And almost 300 investigators in this growing community.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00256-00102792-00103499": "And towards the end of HMP, now, we have 20-plus institutes funding in this area with over", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00257-00103499-00103738": "700 investigators.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00258-00103738-00104230": "I head up a committee called the Trans-NIH Microbiome Working Group, and we've done sort", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00259-00104230-00104676": "of a deep dive into some of the trends that are happening in this field.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00260-00104676-00105266": "So, I'm going to show you another data point for five years, and that is the relationship", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00261-00105266-00105609": "between studies of the microbiome in disease.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00262-00105609-00106119": "We estimated over five years, fiscal years '12 through '16, that the NIH has invested", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00263-00106119-00106416": "a total of $791 million in this area.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00264-00106416-00106928": "About one-third of that is on non-disease questions, host microbiome interactions, and", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00265-00106928-00107028": "so on.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00266-00107028-00107488": "But two-thirds is on disease, about $500 million.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00267-00107488-00108184": "And we used the ICD, the International Classification Diseases catalog, as a way of categorizing", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00268-00108184-00108678": "diseases, and found that about 100-plus classes of disease were under study with relation", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00269-00108678-00108969": "to the microbiome over this five-year period.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00270-00108969-00109385": "And just to give you a sense -- this is just a little kind of a sampling of different disease", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00271-00109385-00109786": "types -- there are many, many areas of study, of course, in the G.I.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00272-00109786-00109933": "tract; many diseases in the G.I.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00273-00109933-00110033": "tract.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00274-00110033-00110513": "But also, the microbiome in cardiovascular disease, many kinds of cancers, the microbiome", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00275-00110513-00111252": "in many kinds of cancers, many liver diseases, many vaginal conditions, many skin diseases,", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00276-00111252-00111788": "many lung disorders or diseases, and neurological and mental health issues in the microbiome.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00277-00111788-00112352": "So, there is a vast diversity of areas being studied with regard to the microbiome.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00278-00112352-00112930": "I want to quickly go over some recent advances that have happened in the field, over this", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00279-00112930-00113040": "young field.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00280-00113040-00113628": "First of all, the first thing that has kind of emerged is apparent evidence of microbiome-based", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00281-00113628-00113855": "markers related to disease.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00282-00113855-00114291": "One you've already heard about I know but was talked about recently some more -- and", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00283-00114291-00114878": "these are data coming from a three-day trans-NIH microbiome workshop that we held last summer,", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00284-00114878-00115176": "so I'm pulling some highlights from that workshop.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00285-00115176-00115899": "This notion that there is some type of transferable phenotype from the microbiome to host, and", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00286-00115899-00116828": "that if you take the feces from an obese mouse and lavage it into a lean mouse, it will become", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00287-00116828-00116928": "obese.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00288-00116928-00117311": "So, there's some type of microbiome phenotype that's transferable.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00289-00117311-00117670": "We don't know if it's a microbe, a metabolic property, or whatever it is.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00290-00117670-00117967": "There's some type of microbiome phenotype.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00291-00117967-00118508": "Apparently, of the many metabolic byproducts that microbes make, particularly in the gut,", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00292-00118508-00118841": "many of them have epigenetic effects on the host.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00293-00118841-00119306": "And so, there's some very intriguing results showing that there may be a relationship between", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00294-00119306-00119703": "the epigenetic effects of the microbiome and the emergence of colorectal cancer.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00295-00119703-00120635": "And a third example is this relationship apparently between gut microbiome bacterial metabolism", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00296-00120635-00121277": "of different types of diet -- in this case meat -- and the byproducts from that digestion", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00297-00121277-00121598": "and the close association of cardiovascular disease.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00298-00121598-00122032": "So, different types of either bacterial or microbial metabolism biomarkers.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00299-00122032-00122738": "In addition, there have been a number, even in this young field, of recent microbiome-based", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00300-00122738-00122985": "therapeutic interventions that have been developed.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00301-00122985-00123422": "Everybody's heard of, I'm sure, fecal microbiota transplantation, or FMT.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00302-00123422-00123933": "But there are a number of FDA -- there are a number of clinical trials underway right", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00303-00123933-00124217": "now for microbiota-based interventions that are being", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00304-00124217-00124572": "investigated -- that are being monitored by FDA.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00305-00124572-00125242": "They include more sophisticated consortia of microbes, or in this case maybe some microbial", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00306-00125242-00125683": "metabolic byproducts that could act as an intervention to disease.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00307-00125683-00126193": "In addition, there's been this whole new growth area of utilizing the microbiome itself as", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00308-00126193-00126334": "a source of new pharmaceuticals.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00309-00126334-00126833": "So, instead of going to a rainforest or going to the coral reef, they just go to a gut sample", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00310-00126833-00127053": "and try to look for new pharmaceuticals.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00311-00127053-00127552": "And we have this great example from last year where a new innovator [unintelligible] named", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00312-00127552-00127683": "Michael Fischbach from U.C.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00313-00127683-00128279": "San Francisco gave a wonderful NIH Council of Councils talk on how he mined, mined the", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00314-00128279-00128853": "HMP metagenomic data to discover and develop new antimicrobials.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00315-00128853-00129280": "But even though there are a lot of advances in this area, it's a young field, so there's", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00316-00129280-00129604": "certainly a number of gaps and challenges.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00317-00129604-00130197": "And I'm also calling these out from this NIH workshop we held last year.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00318-00130197-00130475": "First of all, model systems.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00319-00130475-00131040": "Although a lot of NIH research is done using mice as animal models, they turn out to be", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00320-00131040-00131536": "-- in many cases, not all cases -- in many cases not the best animal system because mice", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00321-00131536-00131762": "are coprophagic and we're not.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00322-00131762-00132239": "And their biologies are built around being coprophagic, so there is this need to explore", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00323-00132239-00132514": "new and different animal models.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00324-00132514-00132855": "There's still this open question about cause and effect.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00325-00132855-00133354": "We don't really know what the biomarker work or anything, whether in fact are the microbes", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00326-00133354-00133944": "eliciting disease in the host, or are they exacerbating an already developing condition.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00327-00133944-00134384": "And that's still a quite open question.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00328-00134384-00134861": "I didn't develop it very much in my talk here, but it's tied to this notion that microbiome", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00329-00134861-00135295": "community composition alone will not get us to hosting a type.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00330-00135295-00135650": "And that's because there is a lot of work that starting to show that maybe we need to", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00331-00135650-00136123": "think of the microbiome as like an organ system where all the members interact and they produce", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00332-00136123-00136488": "an emergent product -- an emergent property, like an organ system.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00333-00136488-00136999": "So, there is a lot of work trying to explore how to study the microbiome as an emergent", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00334-00136999-00137413": "property and not as just membership.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00335-00137413-00137830": "Much of the early microbiome interventions has been around trying to treat disease, but", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00336-00137830-00138400": "because the microbiome is a mutable, changeable property, a lot of it's driven by diet.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00337-00138400-00138908": "There is some work now starting to come out around how do we develop microbiome-based", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00338-00138908-00139227": "interventions for supporting, sustaining health.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00339-00139227-00139486": "But it's still not a very well-developed area yet.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00340-00139486-00139845": "And finally, this is the HMP logo.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00341-00139845-00140237": "It's a slightly ironic, because it encompasses a microbial genome.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00342-00140237-00140689": "But in fact, in this field, there is very, very little known with regard to the role", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00343-00140689-00140959": "of host genetics on the microbiome.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00344-00140959-00141758": "So, to conclude, the human microbiome is made up of thousands of microbial species that", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00345-00141758-00142010": "contribute millions of microbial genes.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00346-00142010-00142569": "And the microbiome is a metabolically diverse active and mutable possibly microbial organ.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00347-00142569-00143200": "The NIH in the microbiome 10-year microbiome project", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00348-00143200-00143929": "invested $215 million into rapidly deployed research resources and also supported this", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00349-00143929-00144669": "35 institute, 50 investigator research consortium which formed the seed of this research community.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00350-00144669-00145197": "And recent advances in this area include this really explosion of research support across", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00351-00145197-00145887": "the NIH with now over a billion dollars over 10 years including the HMP funds in this area,", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00352-00145887-00146609": "extensive research on host/microbiome biology, and an extensive study on the role of microbiome", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00353-00146609-00147245": "in 100-plus disease classes, and microbiome-based intervention and drug development is in its", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00354-00147245-00147472": "infancy, but really exploding in growth.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00355-00147472-00147888": "But I would conclude by saying that we still have a main challenge, which is really trying", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00356-00147888-00148526": "to understand that the microbiome is far more than the sum of its microbial members.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00357-00148526-00148718": "And my last slide is an acknowledgment slide.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00358-00148718-00149074": "This has been a huge program involving many institutes, many investigators.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00359-00149074-00149630": "So, I really want to acknowledge all of my colleagues at NHGRI, the Common Fund, HMP", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00360-00149630-00150209": "science co-chairs, which include Eric Green, Tony Fauci, Grif Rodgers, and Martha Somerman;", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00361-00150209-00150735": "the 80-plus member 21 institute Trans-NIH Microbiome Working Group has been great as", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00362-00150735-00151269": "a sounding board for me in things we're trying to develop in the program as well as the program", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00363-00151269-00151600": "-- some of them are program directors, and some of the awards in the HMP.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00364-00151600-00151887": "We had an external HMP advisory committee.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00365-00151887-00152461": "And of course, I really have to acknowledge the creativity and enthusiasm of the HMP Research", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00366-00152461-00152567": "Consortium.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00367-00152567-00152784": "Thank you.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00368-00152784-00152980": "Are there any questions?", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00369-00152980-00153083": "[applause]", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00370-00153083-00153635": "Bettie Graham: Are there any questions for Lita?", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00371-00153635-00154030": "Male Speaker: Thanks for the presentation.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00372-00154030-00154635": "I noted that other institutes picked up four times the funding --", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00373-00154635-00154891": "Lita Proctor: That's right.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00374-00154891-00155151": "Male Speaker: -- of the HMP.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00375-00155151-00155742": "Who were the big players in that, and is that dynamics, or is some of those increasing while", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00376-00155742-00155889": "others are falling off?", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00377-00155889-00156240": "Lita Proctor: Actually, what's happening is that sort of", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00378-00156240-00156551": "the six largest institutes are funding the most in this area.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00379-00156551-00156822": "It's sort of proportional to their total budget size.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00380-00156822-00157190": "But what's happening over time instead is there are many, many more institutes getting", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00381-00157190-00157290": "involved.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00382-00157290-00157748": "So, when I had first formed the TMWG, there were -- I think it was 12 institutes.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00383-00157748-00157898": "That was in 2012.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00384-00157898-00158048": "Now, we're at 21.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00385-00158048-00158344": "So, there's other institutes and centers and offices joining in.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00386-00158344-00158767": "So, I see that expanding across NIH.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00387-00158767-00159178": "The TMWG was our effort to try to coordinate that activity.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00388-00159178-00159790": "But that's turned out to be, you know, easier said than done in some cases.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00389-00159790-00160182": "I think we're seeing more institutes getting involved in this area, and we're seeing more", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00390-00160182-00160492": "disease classes being studied.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00391-00160492-00160863": "Bettie Graham: Anybody else?", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00392-00160863-00161325": "Eric Green: I would make the comment that there is often", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00393-00161325-00162014": "-- frequently there is discussion about the Common Fund in general at NIH around the institute", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00394-00162014-00162571": "director's table because, you know, it's still, you know, evolving.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00395-00162571-00163219": "And the Common Fund is, because of its forced -- the restrictions that, you know, it turns", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00396-00163219-00163549": "over, it also is an opportunity to try out different things.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00397-00163549-00163929": "And should we have even simple things like larger numbers of smaller projects or smaller", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00398-00163929-00164058": "number of larger projects.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00399-00164058-00164234": "These things constantly get described.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00400-00164234-00164803": "So, this is always -- I think it is always going to be sort of a playground of sorts,", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00401-00164803-00165146": "and although the NIH director makes the final decisions, the institute directors collectively", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00402-00165146-00165757": "are quite involved in vetting proposals, vetting ideas, you know, making decisions about starting", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00403-00165757-00166003": "new programs or new [unintelligible], so forth.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00404-00166003-00166518": "I would comment that the human microbiome project is largely regarded as sort of a prototype.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00405-00166518-00166936": "And maybe as part of it is a variety of reasons for that.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00406-00166936-00167299": "First of all, it probably was never going to happen unless Common Fund jumped in because", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00407-00167299-00167669": "it was not clear to anyone as to who would jump in at a very early stage without the", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00408-00167669-00168353": "resources and technology and approaches and analytics that Lita just reviewed.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00409-00168353-00168605": "But what it also did was catalyze investments.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00410-00168605-00168821": "And that's what we were just talking about.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00411-00168821-00169146": "That's not true of all Common Fund projects, but the fact that you see it is huge.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00412-00169146-00169564": "Take in the graph, both in terms of total dollars, total numbers of institutes.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00413-00169564-00170070": "Jumping in and doing it was really a credit to the microbiome project.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00414-00170070-00170451": "So, then again, there are several others that are sort of put out there as these are prototypic,", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00415-00170451-00170792": "but I can guarantee you the human microbiome project gets mentioned frequently as sort", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00416-00170792-00171143": "of a prototypic -- and the other thing about it was that it had a logical first phase,", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00417-00171143-00171355": "it had a logical second phase.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00418-00171355-00171751": "And while nobody likes to see programs end, it does make a lot of sense to end it as a", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00419-00171751-00172187": "Common Fund project because you see this uptake in both larger number of institutes and amounts", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00420-00172187-00172604": "of dollars across NIH, often times in a very disease-specific way.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00421-00172604-00172704": "So, --", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00422-00172704-00172948": "Bettie Graham: Thank you.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00423-00172948-00173154": "Thank you, Lita.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00424-00173154-00173429": "Next, we will have a report from Sharon.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00425-00173429-00173529": "Okay.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00426-00173529-00173629": "Yeah.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00427-00173629-00173729": "We can.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00428-00173729-00174311": "Eric Green: I think now would be a good time for a short", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00429-00174311-00174411": "break.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00430-00174411-00174574": "We've sort of been going a couple of hours since lunch.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00431-00174574-00174921": "And then, we have a Sharon presentation, and then Jim Astel [spelled phonetically] I saw", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00432-00174921-00175021": "just got here, so then Jim Astel.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00433-00175021-00175189": "And then, we just have a few little business items.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00434-00175189-00175289": "Bettie Graham: Right.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00435-00175289-00175457": "Eric Green: So, why don't we take a break and try to reconvene", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00436-00175457-00175557": "right at 3:00.", "iRM_zcqIGeI-00437-00175557-00175817": "So, a 15-minute break; reconvene at 3:00."}}, {"audio_id": "iS3nE0dJICM", "text": {"iS3nE0dJICM-00000-00000048-00000558": "so guys I have officially changed the fonts on my new website.", "iS3nE0dJICM-00001-00000558-00001350": "this happened because I thought Time Zero would look boring, and it was just the default font use.", "iS3nE0dJICM-00002-00001350-00002088": "I thought that this would look kind of weird for a website, and as a result, I changed it to Ariel.", "iS3nE0dJICM-00003-00002172-00002520": "which looked better, and I chose that for my website."}}, {"audio_id": "iSxNWte0Co4", "text": {"iSxNWte0Co4-00000-00000003-00000165": "Today is August", "iSxNWte0Co4-00001-00000165-00000365": "21st 2018", "iSxNWte0Co4-00002-00000388-00000579": "Welcome to first cup", "iSxNWte0Co4-00003-00000580-00000916": "My name's Jeremy Lesniak, and this is my first cup of coffee", "iSxNWte0Co4-00004-00001262-00001402": "I slept like crap last night", "iSxNWte0Co4-00005-00001422-00002036": "Like terribly, like it got to one o'clock and then I was done sleeping", "iSxNWte0Co4-00006-00002250-00002326": "4 hours", "iSxNWte0Co4-00007-00002403-00002852": "I rarely have a hard time sleeping. I have no idea why? What happened to last night?", "iSxNWte0Co4-00008-00003076-00003276": "Nice and cool, I", "iSxNWte0Co4-00009-00003286-00003478": "changed the sheets. I", "iSxNWte0Co4-00010-00003478-00003857": "gotta say clean sheet day is like the best day", "iSxNWte0Co4-00011-00003940-00004318": "I don't know if you feel that way, but I love clean sheet day it's pretty great", "iSxNWte0Co4-00012-00004920-00004992": "coffee...", "iSxNWte0Co4-00013-00005412-00005612": "I've really contemplated the", "iSxNWte0Co4-00014-00005790-00006242": "The benefit in me being more awake when I start the show by having a cup of coffee at a time", "iSxNWte0Co4-00015-00006292-00006456": "versus a", "iSxNWte0Co4-00016-00006456-00006595": "complete", "iSxNWte0Co4-00017-00006598-00006902": "Fraud I would turn me into", "iSxNWte0Co4-00018-00006952-00007095": "So I'm gonna remain", "iSxNWte0Co4-00019-00007192-00007392": "Waking up on the air with a cup of coffee.", "iSxNWte0Co4-00020-00007828-00008043": "I did almost no Whistlekick work yesterday", "iSxNWte0Co4-00021-00008181-00008300": "I had to...", "iSxNWte0Co4-00022-00008400-00008866": "So most people know I have a part-time job. It's fun", "iSxNWte0Co4-00023-00008964-00009164": "pays most of my personal expenses", "iSxNWte0Co4-00024-00009288-00009746": "I get to practice being an employee which by extension makes me better as an employer", "iSxNWte0Co4-00025-00009856-00010312": "And just the way some things are shaking out with me taking a little bit of time off. I", "iSxNWte0Co4-00026-00010546-00010968": "worked yesterday it was good. It was fun, but it just meant no whistlekick stuff", "iSxNWte0Co4-00027-00010968-00011168": "So there's not a lot of whistlekick to talk about", "iSxNWte0Co4-00028-00011404-00011936": "I'm catching up today got an interview today. I'll actually had to drop a great interview yesterday.", "iSxNWte0Co4-00029-00012154-00012794": "Did I even do this show yesterday? I don't remember that's how poorly I slept. I can't tell. I'm sure I did", "iSxNWte0Co4-00030-00012940-00013258": "Yesterday's episode with the... monk Paul Reid", "iSxNWte0Co4-00031-00013290-00013490": "I'm sure I didn't talk about that", "iSxNWte0Co4-00032-00013528-00014080": "That's a great episode. People should check that out. If you haven't, got a lot of wonderful feedback already", "iSxNWte0Co4-00033-00014191-00014510": "But one of the things I thought I would I would mention in", "iSxNWte0Co4-00034-00014608-00015168": "There's this Aristotle quote that keeps coming up and I have certainly heard it before it's not it was definitely not new", "iSxNWte0Co4-00035-00015208-00015846": "But it's popping up in like all these books that I'm reading right now. And it's the it's the excellent quote, hold on...", "iSxNWte0Co4-00036-00016492-00016616": "How does it go?", "iSxNWte0Co4-00037-00016670-00016844": "We are what we repeatedly", "iSxNWte0Co4-00038-00016844-00016950": "do", "iSxNWte0Co4-00039-00017008-00017398": "Excellence then is an act not a habit, is...", "iSxNWte0Co4-00040-00017764-00017858": "Oh man", "iSxNWte0Co4-00041-00018032-00018184": "How does that go? All right, hold on", "iSxNWte0Co4-00042-00018270-00018678": "We're gonna look that up. Cuz I'm gonna get it right because I'm clearly not awake", "iSxNWte0Co4-00043-00018710-00018858": "Just turned it off", "iSxNWte0Co4-00044-00018914-00019212": "This is the tablet. I use to run the TV", "iSxNWte0Co4-00045-00019568-00019700": "We Google", "iSxNWte0Co4-00046-00020636-00021236": "We are what we repeatedly do excellence then is not an act but a habit, there we go", "iSxNWte0Co4-00047-00021438-00021638": "This whole idea", "iSxNWte0Co4-00048-00021813-00022102": "of practicing excellence and it's something that a lot of", "iSxNWte0Co4-00049-00022220-00022420": "martial arts schools", "iSxNWte0Co4-00050-00022450-00022708": "Encourage they teach and honestly a lot don't", "iSxNWte0Co4-00051-00022820-00023090": "the more time we spend doing", "iSxNWte0Co4-00052-00023114-00023716": "Things the best possible way. Yeah, it takes more time, but we become more ingrained to that", "iSxNWte0Co4-00053-00023816-00024200": "Methodology that that work that practice whatever it is", "iSxNWte0Co4-00054-00024246-00024446": "it doesn't matter whether it's", "iSxNWte0Co4-00055-00024486-00024686": "physical practice or", "iSxNWte0Co4-00056-00024750-00024962": "Academic practice whatever it is", "iSxNWte0Co4-00057-00025004-00025702": "In the context of martial arts, you know, you'll see schools that really drill hard on great basics", "iSxNWte0Co4-00058-00025783-00026050": "And they end up having great", "iSxNWte0Co4-00059-00026142-00026318": "forms and", "iSxNWte0Co4-00060-00026424-00026774": "Good sparring and everything else is just at a higher level", "iSxNWte0Co4-00061-00026820-00027124": "Because they're holding things to a higher standard people", "iSxNWte0Co4-00062-00027168-00027410": "tend to grow or expand to", "iSxNWte0Co4-00063-00027570-00027882": "You know the bowl that they're putting people are like goldfish in that way", "iSxNWte0Co4-00064-00027962-00028506": "If you expect a lot of people that they'll deliver if you expect a little of people they'll deliver", "iSxNWte0Co4-00065-00028866-00029606": "So why not expect a lot? Why not hold yourself to a higher standard? There's a reason our slogan is, Never Settle", "iSxNWte0Co4-00066-00029720-00030360": "Because I refuse to. You know, and yes, there are times where a compromise would be easier like most of them", "iSxNWte0Co4-00067-00030420-00030608": "But you don't", "iSxNWte0Co4-00068-00030608-00030808": "Do big stuff", "iSxNWte0Co4-00069-00030831-00031139": "By compromising on what's important to you?", "iSxNWte0Co4-00070-00031754-00032198": "The down side towards driving towards excellences is that it doesn't", "iSxNWte0Co4-00071-00032264-00032710": "You know have a lot of space left over it takes more time. It takes more thought takes more energy", "iSxNWte0Co4-00072-00032846-00033096": "So you have to be choosy about it", "iSxNWte0Co4-00073-00033294-00034002": "For example right now, I'm focused on Whistlekick and growing Whistlekick and while I try to", "iSxNWte0Co4-00074-00034046-00034246": "maintain a social life and I try to", "iSxNWte0Co4-00075-00034484-00034740": "Maintain what else do I try to maintain?", "iSxNWte0Co4-00076-00034848-00034940": "My fitness", "iSxNWte0Co4-00077-00035106-00035372": "A number of other things they're all secondary", "iSxNWte0Co4-00078-00035468-00035668": "They all come after", "iSxNWte0Co4-00079-00035766-00036204": "Does it mean it's a hundred percent and then if there's anything left over", "iSxNWte0Co4-00080-00036374-00036922": "But it means that there's a pretty big gap in the priorities it's like Whistlekick", "iSxNWte0Co4-00081-00037208-00037560": "Everything else and I'm okay with that", "iSxNWte0Co4-00082-00038094-00038294": "Most of the time I'm okay with that", "iSxNWte0Co4-00083-00038350-00038550": "But yeah overall. I'm okay with that", "iSxNWte0Co4-00084-00038620-00038792": "What else can I tell you?", "iSxNWte0Co4-00085-00038836-00039036": "Sales are up. That's pretty cool.", "iSxNWte0Co4-00086-00039448-00039648": "I have a bajillion emails to write", "iSxNWte0Co4-00087-00039802-00040038": "Like maybe a bajillion and a half I", "iSxNWte0Co4-00088-00040072-00040168": "So many emails", "iSxNWte0Co4-00089-00040332-00040520": "I look forward to the day where", "iSxNWte0Co4-00090-00040728-00041032": "We do something instead of email I don't know what that is", "iSxNWte0Co4-00091-00041322-00042108": "Probably nothing cuz how long did we send letters? We sent letters forever until we could send electronic letters.", "iSxNWte0Co4-00092-00042654-00043180": "I don't want anybody sending me their thoughts into my brain that's not an option", "iSxNWte0Co4-00093-00043642-00043794": "Man that's good coffee", "iSxNWte0Co4-00094-00043894-00044648": "I've recently moved away from the dark roasts. This is a Vermont coffee company medium roast, which I actually like better", "iSxNWte0Co4-00095-00044754-00045062": "So what I've shared on the air before well, here's my eyeball", "iSxNWte0Co4-00096-00045084-00045284": "This is this is how to make my coffee in the morning", "iSxNWte0Co4-00097-00045336-00045852": "It's a tea steeper. I put coffee grounds in it and I soaked it in my water", "iSxNWte0Co4-00098-00045966-00046418": "Cuz it's easy it's easy to compost", "iSxNWte0Co4-00099-00046504-00046874": "Michael's writing and he loves medium roast. Yeah, it's good. It's good stuff", "iSxNWte0Co4-00100-00047268-00047490": "And when I'm tired,", "iSxNWte0Co4-00101-00047746-00048198": "It's hard to screw up making coffee like that makes one cup at a time", "iSxNWte0Co4-00102-00048232-00048900": "It's okay. I actually use a Keurig k-cup machine for the hot water, but I don't buy K Cups", "iSxNWte0Co4-00103-00048982-00049182": "Cuz they're really wasteful", "iSxNWte0Co4-00104-00049246-00049446": "they're so convenient, but", "iSxNWte0Co4-00105-00049500-00049664": "They're pretty wasteful", "iSxNWte0Co4-00106-00049950-00050272": "Yeah, it's okay", "iSxNWte0Co4-00107-00050498-00050670": "So, how do you get to excellence?", "iSxNWte0Co4-00108-00050730-00051450": "Let's say you you heard me drop that Aristotle quote and you're like, yeah, I hear I get it. But how do I start?", "iSxNWte0Co4-00109-00051564-00051976": "You pick one thing pick the thing that you are most passionate about", "iSxNWte0Co4-00110-00052152-00052508": "That you can step it up on and you start there", "iSxNWte0Co4-00111-00052752-00053177": "And you figure out what the bar for excellence is", "iSxNWte0Co4-00112-00053611-00054111": "And you get there and you maintain it and you move on to the next thing", "iSxNWte0Co4-00113-00054414-00054614": "You know one of the", "iSxNWte0Co4-00114-00054636-00055226": "Most common, comments or pieces of feedback I get around almost Whistlekick is how do I have time for all these things?", "iSxNWte0Co4-00115-00055524-00055878": "In a sense I don't but in another sense", "iSxNWte0Co4-00116-00056117-00056684": "I'm driving for excellence and that requires sacrifice that requires", "iSxNWte0Co4-00117-00056782-00056982": "an imbalanced life the way some might see it", "iSxNWte0Co4-00118-00057097-00057297": "you know the fact that I wake up in", "iSxNWte0Co4-00119-00057348-00057902": "6:30 in the morning. I'm sitting here in my bathrobe talking to you drinking my cup of coffee", "iSxNWte0Co4-00120-00057941-00058141": "I'm looking for opportunities", "iSxNWte0Co4-00121-00058227-00058427": "to move this forward", "iSxNWte0Co4-00122-00058686-00059052": "We could have a long conversation about why I'm doing this show", "iSxNWte0Co4-00123-00059091-00059291": "From the business perspective.", "iSxNWte0Co4-00124-00059364-00059754": "I don't know that it matters. We'll say it helps me frame my day", "iSxNWte0Co4-00125-00059784-00060288": "And it gives me another opportunity to connect with people who hopefully are interested in what we do", "iSxNWte0Co4-00126-00060538-00061078": "So that's my challenge to you today find something that you can be more excellent at", "iSxNWte0Co4-00127-00061234-00061374": "Maybe you're", "iSxNWte0Co4-00128-00061444-00061644": "gonna be more excellent at", "iSxNWte0Co4-00129-00061663-00061863": "writing reports at work, or", "iSxNWte0Co4-00130-00061902-00062046": "playing with your kids", "iSxNWte0Co4-00131-00062166-00062216": "or", "iSxNWte0Co4-00132-00062314-00063036": "Because I can't resist making the third thing in a string of three things a joke watching Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure", "iSxNWte0Co4-00133-00063316-00063467": "Alright I'm out of time", "iSxNWte0Co4-00134-00063467-00063667": "I'm gonna finish this cup of coffee and", "iSxNWte0Co4-00135-00063700-00064176": "Start working on my bajillion and a half emails. You have a great day. I'll see you tomorrow. Peace!"}}, {"audio_id": "iSGrdrNo2SU", "text": {"iSGrdrNo2SU-00000-00001046-00001603": "This feature helps you to share your work with others, whether within the same lab, or within the same collaborative group.", "iSGrdrNo2SU-00001-00001603-00002320": "In order to create a group, click on the “More Actions” button just above the top of the Workbench table,", "iSGrdrNo2SU-00002-00002320-00002660": "then click on the “Create Group” link.", "iSGrdrNo2SU-00003-00002660-00003240": "Type the group Name and description and then click the “Create” button.", "iSGrdrNo2SU-00004-00003240-00003593": "and then click the “Create” button.", "iSGrdrNo2SU-00005-00003593-00004010": "You can then add one or more user(s) to the group by clicking the “Add User” button", "iSGrdrNo2SU-00006-00004010-00004660": "and entering the email address(es) in the provided boxes.", "iSGrdrNo2SU-00007-00004660-00005730": "Click the “Update” button to add the users and repeat the process if necessary.", "iSGrdrNo2SU-00008-00005730-00006180": "You can now return to your workbench.", "iSGrdrNo2SU-00009-00006180-00006880": "If you want to change the group name in the future, click on the “More Actions” button and select the “Edit Group” link.", "iSGrdrNo2SU-00010-00006880-00007323": "Next, select the “Edit” link next to the group that you would like to modify.", "iSGrdrNo2SU-00011-00007323-00007800": "The page that is displayed will let you change the Name or Description of the group by editing the text", "iSGrdrNo2SU-00012-00007800-00008603": "and clicking the “Update” button.", "iSGrdrNo2SU-00013-00008603-00008960": "Add users to the group by clicking the “Add User to Group” button,", "iSGrdrNo2SU-00014-00008960-00009400": "or remove users from the group by checking the box next to one (or more) users' names", "iSGrdrNo2SU-00015-00009400-00009660": "and clicking the “Remove Users” button."}}, {"audio_id": "iT2ijGPUN34", "text": {"iT2ijGPUN34-00000-00000448-00000648": "every demon", "iT2ijGPUN34-00001-00000648-00000848": "tormenting her life", "iT2ijGPUN34-00002-00000848-00001048": "Come out now", "iT2ijGPUN34-00003-00001048-00001248": "every one of you out", "iT2ijGPUN34-00004-00001248-00001448": "fire", "iT2ijGPUN34-00005-00001588-00001788": "What did you make her do", "iT2ijGPUN34-00006-00001888-00002154": "What did you make her do", "iT2ijGPUN34-00007-00002286-00002429": "What did you make her do", "iT2ijGPUN34-00008-00002482-00002608": "her grandmother", "iT2ijGPUN34-00009-00004096-00004760": "my name is jessalyn sanchez i'm 26 and i'm from tacoma I have a lot of witchcraft in my family my", "iT2ijGPUN34-00010-00004760-00005304": "grandmother's a witch on my father's side and so when I discovered that there was witchcraft in my", "iT2ijGPUN34-00011-00005304-00005976": "family God started to reveal a lot of the deep rooted things in my life so I was experiencing", "iT2ijGPUN34-00012-00005976-00006744": "a lot of deception a lot of perversion a lot of anger bitterness unforgiveness I would get", "iT2ijGPUN34-00013-00006744-00007392": "attacked in my sleep in my dreams I would actually have demons sleep with me in my dreams I would", "iT2ijGPUN34-00014-00007392-00008000": "have um like demons that like attack me bite me all over my body I would wake up with severe", "iT2ijGPUN34-00015-00008000-00008640": "migraines they would be so severe sometimes that I would get blurry vision I wouldn't be able to just", "iT2ijGPUN34-00016-00008640-00009040": "I wouldn't be able to keep my eyes open I would just have to lay down wherever I was I couldn't", "iT2ijGPUN34-00017-00009040-00009632": "read the bible I couldn't pray I would fall asleep while reading the bible I would fall asleep about", "iT2ijGPUN34-00018-00009632-00010160": "praying and during those times I would actually manifest and I would really be tormented", "iT2ijGPUN34-00019-00010160-00010640": "trying to pray trying to read the bible trying to develop or cultivate a relationship with", "iT2ijGPUN34-00020-00010640-00011136": "God it was like hindering me when we were back here for intake I could feel myself manifesting", "iT2ijGPUN34-00021-00011208-00011624": "and the manifestations just kind of got a little bit stronger but I would just hold back a little", "iT2ijGPUN34-00022-00011624-00012312": "bit um but when I was sitting down waiting for the prayer line I was manifesting there was some", "iT2ijGPUN34-00023-00012312-00012936": "shame and guilt that kind of arised um like don't manifest and I just wanted to wait for some reason", "iT2ijGPUN34-00024-00012936-00013352": "to get into the prayer line I don't know why but this lady behind me I heard her screaming", "iT2ijGPUN34-00025-00013352-00013880": "out when they were calling out witchcraft and then I just surrendered I just surrendered where I was", "iT2ijGPUN34-00026-00013880-00014600": "and I said no you're leaving and um i'm done being tormented so I just surrendered to God and his his", "iT2ijGPUN34-00027-00014600-00015191": "power took over and started that deliverance there in my seat they took me up to the front to pray", "iT2ijGPUN34-00028-00015191-00015904": "for me and I was actually screaming on my way out of the benches into the front and all I can really", "iT2ijGPUN34-00029-00015904-00016424": "remember was that I was screaming a lot just screaming I could just feel the torment of God", "iT2ijGPUN34-00030-00016424-00017016": "on these demons bryson asked me how did or ask the demons how did you enter and they didn't want to", "iT2ijGPUN34-00031-00017016-00017488": "speak they just kept saying no and they eventually said through witchcraft through her grandmother", "iT2ijGPUN34-00032-00017584-00018096": "and then I just remember a lot of screaming and a lot of demonic deposits started coming out I", "iT2ijGPUN34-00033-00018096-00018736": "was coughing it up and when that was happening I had I felt things crawling all over my body and I", "iT2ijGPUN34-00034-00018736-00019368": "was just kind of shaking and um what bryson did is actually he drew a cross on the back of my spine", "iT2ijGPUN34-00035-00019368-00019824": "and that's where I felt the demon and I didn't say that to him so he just drew across and I just kept", "iT2ijGPUN34-00036-00019824-00020536": "coughing up coughing up and the demon left he said you are free and just worship the Lord when bryson", "iT2ijGPUN34-00037-00020536-00021208": "said you are free I just I don't know how else to explain it other than I could breathe like I could", "iT2ijGPUN34-00038-00021208-00021704": "actually breathe through my nose I could feel air in my lungs and I just believe that it's", "iT2ijGPUN34-00039-00021704-00022472": "the breath of life that God breathed into us when he created us i've I could feel that life in me I", "iT2ijGPUN34-00040-00022472-00023128": "i just feel light I feel happy I just feel so free I feel so much joy I i don't know I just", "iT2ijGPUN34-00041-00023128-00023632": "feel so free like I feel light and it's just so amazing I think my word of encouragement would be", "iT2ijGPUN34-00042-00023712-00024280": "is kind of like what pastor vlad was saying today like make your demons come to church make", "iT2ijGPUN34-00043-00024280-00024824": "your demons listen to worship make your demons read the bible torment or torture them because", "iT2ijGPUN34-00044-00024824-00025544": "they're tormenting you um and uh I say that because i've been through several deliverances", "iT2ijGPUN34-00045-00025544-00026064": "actually like prayer line here raised to deliver conference um been delivered even at home", "iT2ijGPUN34-00046-00026064-00026992": "the Lord has delivered me and um seek him seek him surrender to him fight back declare over", "iT2ijGPUN34-00047-00026992-00027527": "yourself that you were free declare his truth declare his promises declare just that you are", "iT2ijGPUN34-00048-00027527-00028032": "free even though you aren't fully free yet declare it and believe it and just continue to press it", "iT2ijGPUN34-00049-00028032-00028583": "into the word and prayer and don't get discouraged because he is there with you he is there with you", "iT2ijGPUN34-00050-00028583-00029376": "and he will deliver you your breakthroughs around the corner so yeah just surrender to the Lord"}}, {"audio_id": "iTQvr7nbu_Y", "text": {"iTQvr7nbu_Y-00000-00001798-00002197": "Dana King (Host): Alexander McAdie, official earthquake forecaster for the U.S. Weather", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00001-00002197-00002386": "Bureau, had a nighttime routine.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00002-00002386-00003075": "Alexander McAdie: For 20 years I have recorded every earthquake I have felt. I kept a daily", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00003-00003075-00003635": "log of earth movements. My custom was to sleep with my watch open and spectacles at bedside.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00004-00003635-00004629": "Notebook open to the date, and pencil ready....these were laid out in regular order.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00005-00004629-00006173": "Alexander McAdie: My record of 1906 April came in a frenzy. First shaking was incredibly", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00006-00006173-00009439": "strong lasting over 40 seconds. A strong aftershock hit 8 minutes later. Another aftershock at", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00007-00009439-00012208": "5:25 ...and bedlam reigned. More shaking at 5:42 .... And then the fires began.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00008-00012208-00013502": "Dana King: The temblor of April 18, 1906 came out of the sea just offshore from San Francisco....", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00009-00013502-00014134": "Moving northwest and southeast at more than 7,000 miles an hour. It had an explosive power", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00010-00014134-00014499": "equal to more than seven million tons of T-N-T.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00011-00014499-00015126": "Dana King: In this great violent movement of the earth tremors unleashed unimaginable", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00012-00015126-00015927": "devastation. Streets buckled and humped into undulating waves, and split open in deep gashes.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00013-00015927-00016675": "Buildings wood and concrete and glass collapsed, shattered, crushed, twisted, tangled and crumpled", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00014-00016675-00017451": "so that sidewalks were impassable. Gas lines and water mains ruptured, sewer pipes smashed,", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00015-00017451-00018245": "electricity gone, trains and trolleys stopped. No post or telegram. People died pinned beneath", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00016-00018245-00018896": "the wrecks of buildings. And the tremors wouldn't stop on April 18th there were one hundred", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00017-00018896-00019545": "thirty five aftershocks. The fires that followed were even more destructive. Without water", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00018-00019545-00020183": "fire could not be stopped. For three days San Francisco was a blazing inferno.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00019-00020183-00020809": "Dana King: People think of April 18, 1906 as the great \"San Francisco\" earthquake and", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00020-00020809-00021329": "fire. But it was really a northern California quake, ripping apart the earth over a distance", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00021-00021329-00022101": "of nearly 300 miles. It was felt as far north as Coos Bay, Oregon. As far south as Los Angeles.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00022-00022101-00022787": "As far east as central Nevada...an area of nearly 200,000 square miles. It was registered", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00023-00022787-00023893": "on seismographs all around the world, including London, Tokyo, Moscow, and Cape Town, South", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00024-00023893-00024125": "Africa.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00025-00024125-00025713": "First Responder: I don't know how the hell we're going to get him out.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00026-00025713-00026182": "Dana King: Earthquakes are one of the deadliest of all natural disasters, and one of the hardest", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00027-00026182-00026761": "to predict. Volcanoes typically show signs of unrest. Earthquakes strike without warning.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00028-00026761-00027381": "How can scientists learn to predict the precise time, place and magnitude of an impending", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00029-00027381-00027481": "earthquake?", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00030-00027481-00027908": "Dana King: In the hundred years since the great Northern California quake, science has", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00031-00027908-00028666": "made astounding progress in understanding how to answer those questions. In 1906 little", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00032-00028666-00029192": "was known or understood about earthquakes. In fact, scientists didn't even know how they", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00033-00029192-00029467": "occurred.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00034-00029467-00030414": "Dana King: The earliest records of California earthquakes were made by Padres running the", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00035-00030414-00031000": "missions. The Catholic missions ran south to north in California. Their adobe brick", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00036-00031000-00031533": "construction often crumbled due to earthquake shaking. Upkeep and maintenance of the isolated", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00037-00031533-00032144": "missions depended in part on careful record keeping to ensure a reliable flow of supplies", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00038-00032144-00032411": "and support from the Vatican in Rome.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00039-00032411-00033037": "Mary Lou Zoback: Following on that we really didn't have a lot of information until the", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00040-00033037-00033669": "time of the Gold Rush when many more people came to the area. Newspapers rose up all around", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00041-00033669-00034218": "and they recorded many earthquakes and kept careful account. And that was sort of what", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00042-00034218-00034919": "seismic record keeping was until the end of the century. In 1887 the first seismometers", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00043-00034919-00035350": "were actually brought to the Bay area, very early models. And they were brought here by", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00044-00035350-00035934": "astronomers from Lick Observatory who were concerned about how all these earth movements", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00045-00035934-00036718": "were affecting their astronomical observations. In the 1906 earthquake the seismometers around", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00046-00036718-00037152": "the Bay area went off scale except for the one at the Lick Observatory and that's actually", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00047-00037152-00037830": "our first strong motion, that is strong shaking record of an earthquake. The first real records", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00048-00037830-00038383": "of earthquakes were actually kept by people interested in earthquakes and one of those,", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00049-00038383-00038865": "probably the best was Alexander McAdie, he was with the U.S. Weather Bureau, he'd been", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00050-00038865-00039375": "interested in earthquakes, he came to this area and started noting when they occurred", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00051-00039375-00039619": "and what there effects were.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00052-00039619-00040285": "Dana King: What followed the April 1906 quake was really the beginning of earthquake science", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00053-00040285-00040398": "in the United States.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00054-00040398-00040842": "Old Scientist #1: Each person is going to responsible for reporting on their own region,", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00055-00040842-00041233": "and getting this data together, so we can figure out exactly what happened here.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00056-00041233-00041633": "Bill Ellsworth: Three days after the earthquake with the City of San Francisco in ruin and", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00057-00041633-00042111": "damage and destruction all across northern California, the governor ordered the formation", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00058-00042111-00042508": "of an Earthquake Investigation Commission. To look into the scientific origins of the", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00059-00042508-00042792": "earthquake the destruction it caused and to come up with some answers.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00060-00042792-00042904": "Old Scientist #2: We're going to systematically .....", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00061-00042904-00043436": "Dana King: The scientists realized they had never seen anything like this before and were", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00062-00043436-00043928": "inspired to comprehensively study the quake. They realized they needed to gather every", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00063-00043928-00044303": "shred of information, every remote piece of data.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00064-00044303-00044696": "Bill Ellsworth: Many of the important things that they collected were the things that one", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00065-00044696-00045105": "can see just by directly walking out and looking at the fault or looking at structures that", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00066-00045105-00045535": "were damaged. What was the nature of movement of the fault, how much did the fault move?", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00067-00045535-00046144": "What are the consequences of the shaking of the ground in places of different soil types?", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00068-00046144-00046837": "Dana King: More than 20 scientists contributed. They studied every seismic report from around", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00069-00046837-00047411": "the world. They interviewed eyewitnesses. They recorded every visible crack in the earth", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00070-00047411-00047969": "and every destroyed building. They even looked at eight years of tide gauge records prior", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00071-00047969-00048577": "to the earthquake and one year after. And they discovered and walked every inch of the", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00072-00048577-00049245": "San Andreas Fault from southern to northern California about 700 miles.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00073-00049245-00049846": "Bill Ellsworth: That commission was chaired by Andrew Lawson, famous geologist at U.C.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00074-00049846-00050200": "Berkeley. And they produced a monumental report on the earthquake.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00075-00050200-00050809": "Dana King: The report of the California Earthquake Investigation Commission is referred to informally", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00076-00050809-00050942": "as the Lawson Report.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00077-00050942-00051586": "Bill Ellsworth: The report came out in 1908 and is still in use today. It's one of the", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00078-00051586-00052203": "most important scientific compendiums of an earthquake and provides a rich basis for earthquake", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00079-00052203-00052451": "research even today.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00080-00052451-00053098": "Dana King: Modern technology has given todays scientists the opportunity to re-interpret", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00081-00053098-00053691": "the Lawson Report and find out more about what actually happened in 1906. Information", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00082-00053691-00054266": "they unearth can help forecast inevitable California quakes and help save lives when", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00083-00054266-00054699": "they occur.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00084-00054699-00056007": "Overlapping Voices: A violent shaking...my bed was going up and", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00085-00056007-00056364": "down...cobblestones dancing...buildings crumbled...flat...warped metal girders.. terrific trembling...there", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00086-00056364-00056816": "were heaps of bricks and stone...the wall while the building seemed to split.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00087-00056816-00057391": "Dana King: There was heavy damage as far away as 60 miles from the fault. Why was damage", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00088-00057391-00057940": "from shaking greater farther away from the rift and what can scientists learn from that?", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00089-00057940-00058526": "Mary Lou Zoback: The attention to detail in the Lawson Report of all the geological factors,", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00090-00058526-00058987": "features related to the earthquake was matched by the attention to detail of the effects", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00091-00058987-00059597": "of the earthquake, that is the shaking intensity. There are more reports of damage and shaking", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00092-00059597-00059997": "intensity in that report than we have for any other earthquake, even today.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00093-00059997-00060541": "Dana King: Shaking was one of the most obvious things for the scientists to analyze immediately", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00094-00060541-00061027": "after the earthquake. You could see it. You could easily record all of the damage.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00095-00061027-00061582": "Mary Lou Zoback: The Commission members collected all kinds of personal reports, gathered reports", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00096-00061582-00062137": "from newspapers and what they found was in general, as you might expect, the shaking", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00097-00062137-00062716": "decreased as you went with distance from the fault, but what they found locally the shaking", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00098-00062716-00063258": "intensity most depended on what was right underground. The shaking was lowest on hard", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00099-00063258-00063845": "rock and greatest on soft material and in particular the highest shaking intensities", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00100-00063845-00064631": "we found on Bay Fill, that is made land created by filling in the Bay. Often very poorly consolidated.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00101-00064631-00065093": "Another good example of that is the town of Santa Rosa that sits well off the fault. It", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00102-00065093-00065736": "had actually the greatest intensity of shaking per square area of any town. And that was", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00103-00065736-00066205": "in part because it sits on a large basin of soft material and may actually be related", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00104-00066205-00066437": "to things going on on the fault.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00105-00066437-00067051": "Dana King: Research in shaking over the years has led to shake maps. Today seismographs", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00106-00067051-00067587": "record the shaking at more than a thousand sites in California. High performance computers", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00107-00067587-00068124": "and advanced instrumentation have given scientists the capability to analyze data in a whole", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00108-00068124-00068735": "new way. Shake maps depict where shaking will be most likely when an earthquake occurs at", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00109-00068735-00069304": "a specific location. They show how strong the shaking will be which is critical information", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00110-00069304-00069693": "for designing buildings and structures that will resist shaking.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00111-00069693-00070283": "Dana King: Real-time shake-maps are available for all of California. When an earthquake", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00112-00070283-00071020": "occurs shake maps are available online on the World Wide Web to help save lives.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00113-00071020-00072360": "Carol Prentice: In 1906 the San Andreas Fault ruptured to the ground surface and scientists", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00114-00072360-00072912": "were able to go out and map it along the entire length of the rupture. Which went from San", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00115-00072912-00073674": "Juan Batista almost 435 kilometers all the way up to Shelter Cove. Up until recently", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00116-00073674-00074130": "aerial photographs like this were the best technology that we had for making maps of", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00117-00074130-00074763": "the fault and you can see in this area we have a very dense redwood forest cover over", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00118-00074763-00075256": "the fault and its very difficult to see very clearly where the fault is. We now have a", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00119-00075256-00075830": "new technology called LIDAR that stands for Light Detection and Ranging. And it involves", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00120-00075830-00076618": "an airborne mounted laser that sends energy down and allows us to create an image of the", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00121-00076618-00077108": "ground surface. We actually get two images from LIDAR. We get the image of the canopy", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00122-00077108-00077655": "top which is shown here, very similar really to the aerial photograph but what's great", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00123-00077655-00078139": "about the LIDAR is that you can create an image of the ground surface underneath the", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00124-00078139-00078676": "trees so that using the computer you can actually strip away this forest cover and you can see", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00125-00078676-00079145": "what's actually there beneath the trees and you can see the San Andreas Fault very very", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00126-00079145-00079492": "clearly. Right now we are standing right there.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00127-00079492-00080107": "Carol Prentice: We can use these images to help us pinpoint likely locations of good", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00128-00080107-00080674": "trench sites where we can do detailed studies that allow us to determine the timing of prehistoric", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00129-00080674-00081144": "earthquakes that allow us to determine how fast the fault has been moving through geologic", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00130-00081144-00081383": "time.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00131-00081383-00082524": "Tina Niemi: Paleo-seismology is the study of earthquakes before instrumentation.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00132-00082524-00083425": "David Schwartz: Well one of the things we do to study active faults is to put trenches", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00133-00083425-00084092": "across them. And these trenches basically are, they're books for reading the past. The", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00134-00084092-00084516": "top of the trench is the present day ground surface we look down through the trench we", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00135-00084516-00085073": "see different layers each layer represents a period of time and we can really read the", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00136-00085073-00085492": "earth's history going back in time.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00137-00085492-00086225": "Tina Niemi: This is the longest record of earthquakes on the northern San Andreas Fault", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00138-00086225-00086842": "that's ever been studied. What we have is ten earthquakes over the last 2500 years.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00139-00086842-00087419": "At the time of the earthquake the ground ruptures to the ground surface and if forms like a", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00140-00087419-00088117": "fissure that fills in with material. The fissure then fills up with material on top of it in", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00141-00088117-00088857": "a flat lying way and by looking at the fissures here, here's a big fissure and it was capped", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00142-00088857-00089466": "by the sediment on top of it so we're able to date the fissure fill and the sediment", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00143-00089466-00089730": "on top of it to bracket the age of the earthquake.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00144-00089730-00090379": "David Schwartz: The idea is to build up an inventory of the times of past earthquakes", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00145-00090379-00091013": "to see if there is a pattern to see what kinds of variability there is and to use this information", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00146-00091013-00091489": "in helping us to forecast when the next one is going to happen.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00147-00091489-00091981": "Dana King: Recent earthquake forecasts have been based on data from trenches like these", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00148-00091981-00092564": "across a number of Bay area faults. How have science and engineering helped to improve", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00149-00092564-00093180": "emergency response since 1906 stay tuned for this incredible story.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00150-00093180-00093677": "Overlapping Voices: People all seemed to be in a daze...everything was confusion....hospital", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00151-00093677-00094092": "floor fell through.... hopelessly little help came....all the water mains were broken....fire", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00152-00094092-00094508": "house and police station ...no post no telegram...the streets in the neighborhoods were fast filling", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00153-00094508-00094608": "with refugees.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00154-00094608-00095194": "Dana King: Another clearly visible thing scientists studied after the 1906 earthquake was the", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00155-00095194-00095824": "emergency response. It's estimated that there were over 3,000 direct and indirect deaths", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00156-00095824-00096436": "after quake. How many more lives could have been saved by better emergency response. Well", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00157-00096436-00096957": "science is helping with valuable new tools like the California Integrated Seismic Network", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00158-00096957-00097267": "and its CISN display. Here's how it works.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00159-00097267-00097720": "Richard Eisner: We have a very dense seismic network that has been jointly funded by California", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00160-00097720-00098264": "and the USGS. That provides us with data within seconds to minutes for large earthquakes in", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00161-00098264-00098750": "southern to northern California. We've partnered in developing shakemap which is this display", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00162-00098750-00099256": "of real ground motion so we're not just talking about epicenter and size any longer we're", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00163-00099256-00099589": "talking about what the ground is actually doing under buildings under our communities.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00164-00099589-00099945": "David Oppenheimer: The way I like to think about it is if you were standing over a puddle", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00165-00099945-00100312": "and you dropped a stone in it you would watch the water waves go out and those water waves", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00166-00100312-00100595": "go out. And those water waves are analogous to an earthquake. The earthquake generates", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00167-00100595-00101099": "sound waves the stone dropping into the puddle generates water waves it's all the same phenomenon.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00168-00101099-00101470": "And we have little sensors in the puddle or seismic stations on the earth watching that", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00169-00101470-00102080": "soundwave go past and we pick that up instantaneously with our seismometers that signal is sent", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00170-00102080-00102556": "here within seconds we have computers that are analyzing that signal and if they see", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00171-00102556-00102974": "there is an earth quake they report it we locate the earthquake, determine the location", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00172-00102974-00103555": "in terms of latitude and longitude the magnitude that sets off a whole chain of activities", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00173-00103555-00103697": "one of which is the shakemap.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00174-00103697-00104226": "Dana King: Shake maps and other details on specific quakes are delivered within minutes", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00175-00104226-00104949": "on CISN display. This rapid delivery is crucial for response for saving lives and for inspecting", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00176-00104949-00105376": "everything from roads to bridges, buildings and more.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00177-00105376-00105760": "Richard Eisner: One of the things that we've done in California is that we've provided", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00178-00105760-00106301": "essentially realtime views of earthquakes through CISN Display, through shake map down", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00179-00106301-00106758": "to the emergency managers at the local level so when an earthquake occurs they know whether", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00180-00106758-00107164": "they're at the edge of a very large earthquake or in the middle of a small quake. They know", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00181-00107164-00107639": "how to respond. We're all having the same picture of the ground motions within five", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00182-00107639-00108158": "or ten minutes after the earthquake so we know whether we have to ramp up a state response", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00183-00108158-00108535": "or whether we can focus on local mutual aid to deal with the damage.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00184-00108535-00109042": "Loren Turner: Knowing something about the ground shaking levels and something about", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00185-00109042-00109364": "the performance of our bridges and how they respond to certain ground shaking levels we", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00186-00109364-00109917": "can make an assessment of which bridges may have been impacted most by the earthquake.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00187-00109917-00110400": "We have CISN Display running at most of the traffic management centers now and they'd", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00188-00110400-00110985": "be the first line response when an earthquake occurs they'd see that the earthquake occurred", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00189-00110985-00111310": "and they'd get epicenter and magnitude information, they'd get the shake maps as soon as those", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00190-00111310-00111935": "became available and they would be the ones that would put our emergency operations centers", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00191-00111935-00112139": "in motion.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00192-00112139-00113004": "Edward Matsuda: What we have in place right now is a process where we take shake map information", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00193-00113004-00113568": "and we overlay it into our analysis program. And the analysis program would do an analysis", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00194-00113568-00114066": "of every component in our system. And give us a map of the components that are damaged", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00195-00114066-00114616": "and the impact on system operations. So, within a few minutes after future earthquakes we'll", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00196-00114616-00114998": "have that information available and that helps us with our emergency response and what to", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00197-00114998-00115267": "do with our passengers and trains in our system.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00198-00115267-00115761": "Dana King: We're prepared to use realtime shakemaps here at our studio and with these", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00199-00115761-00116371": "maps news organizations can swiftly provide vital information to millions of viewers immediately", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00200-00116371-00116894": "after a quake. And the bottom line is that these maps allow the media to provide faster", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00201-00116894-00117207": "more accurate information to help save lives.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00202-00117207-00117757": "Richard Eisner: The Bay area is particularly vulnerable to the commute issue where you", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00203-00117757-00118285": "have people leaving there homes in the east bay commuting in to the peninsula and may", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00204-00118285-00118671": "not be able to get home at the end of the day if there's an earthquake. So we want to", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00205-00118671-00118934": "get information out as quickly as possible to everyone.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00206-00118934-00119546": "Dana King: To best coordinate response following a quake the State Office of Emergency Services", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00207-00119546-00120348": "has backup power and communications systems built to withstand worst case earthquake shaking.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00208-00120348-00120866": "When an earthquake ruptures an earth at the surface that's easy to see, but to predict", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00209-00120866-00121408": "earthquakes, scientists need to learn what's below the surface. What are the underlying", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00210-00121408-00121594": "processes of the earth?", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00211-00121594-00122084": "Bill Ellsworth: The Earthquake Commission found that the San Andreas Fault shifted along", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00212-00122084-00122644": "this length of more than 200 miles, how is that possible? How could the earth have shifted", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00213-00122644-00122995": "suddenly over such a great distance. There had been no earthquake that had been seen", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00214-00122995-00123408": "like this before and it was a question that confounded scientists until the development", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00215-00123408-00123658": "of Plate Tectonics Theory in the 1960's.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00216-00123658-00124223": "David Schwartz: Plate Tectonics is the overall model of how different parts of the earths", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00217-00124223-00124659": "crust are moving relative to each another. And the crust of the earth is broken up into", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00218-00124659-00126792": "major plates they slide past each other but over geologic time it builds up into a lot", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00219-00126792-00127102": "of slip that has to be accommodated.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00220-00127102-00127915": "Dana King: These great strides in understanding earthquake processes track directly back to", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00221-00127915-00128123": "the 1908 Lawson Report.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00222-00128123-00128551": "Bill Ellsworth: Perhaps one of the most important results that came out of this study was the", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00223-00128551-00129125": "development of Harry Fielding Reid's theory of elastic rebound. He used the information", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00224-00129125-00129689": "developed from land surveys that allowed him to measure the changes in land surface that", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00225-00129689-00130205": "had been caused by the earthquake. This was something that had been understood in rough", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00226-00130205-00130646": "form before the earthquake but he developed the first scientific theory about how forces", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00227-00130646-00131176": "accumulate along faults only to be released in earthquakes. We call this the elastic rebound", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00228-00131176-00131578": "theory and it's the foundation really of our modern understanding of the earthquake process.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00229-00131578-00132094": "Ross Stein: If you can think of the crust as a slab of rubber and you're grabbing the", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00230-00132094-00132629": "rubber from the two sides and moving it past each other. If the fault itself were Teflon", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00231-00132629-00133109": "the rubber would just move by and never be distorted. But because the fault has friction", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00232-00133109-00133797": "then the rubber gets distorted and stresses are built up on that surface so that process", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00233-00133797-00134549": "is very very slow, an inch a year. And suddenly at the time of the earthquake a very small", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00234-00134549-00135200": "piece of that very highly fractioned surface is going to let go and as it does so it starts", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00235-00135200-00135902": "slipping. And in the space of a few seconds that slippage speeds up from an inch a year", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00236-00135902-00136638": "to 5,000 miles an hour. And that process then tears down the fault at these high speeds", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00237-00136638-00137214": "until it comes to a stuck patch where it can hang there for several seconds. If it's going", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00238-00137214-00137721": "to be a large earthquake its going to burst through speed up again to 5,000 miles an hour", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00239-00137721-00138251": "and go flying into the next knot in the piece of wood if you like, hang there and then burst", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00240-00138251-00138351": "through again.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00241-00138351-00138778": "David Schwartz: In parts of California we just really have the San Andreas Fault, it's", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00242-00138778-00139366": "the major feature. But, in places like the Bay area the fault splays its like the trunk", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00243-00139366-00139945": "of a tree, comes into the Bay area, big branches come out these are the major faults like the", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00244-00139945-00140465": "San Gregorio, and the San Andreas and the Hayward and Rodgers Creek the Calaveras the", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00245-00140465-00140876": "Concord-Green Valley and they accommodate most of the movement. And then even little", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00246-00140876-00141413": "faults come off of them and they're like smaller twigs. Each different sized fault produces", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00247-00141413-00141908": "different sized earthquakes and here in the Bay area we have many faults of different", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00248-00141908-00142199": "sizes spread out across the entire region.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00249-00142199-00142697": "Mary Lou Zoback: Each of those faults could produce a damaging earthquake in fact taken", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00250-00142697-00143308": "together we think a damaging earthquake is nearly twice as likely to happen as not over", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00251-00143308-00143452": "the next 30 years.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00252-00143452-00143904": "Dana King: Earthquake information for the Bay area, California and worldwide can be", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00253-00143904-00144655": "found at quake dot usgs dot gov. Menu items link to things like Did You Feel It? Shakemaps", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00254-00144655-00145175": "and the earthquake information and preparedness handbook Putting Down Roots. Science now gives", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00255-00145175-00145865": "us all a way to clearly see and understand the earthquake risk in our own lives.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00256-00145865-00146413": "Overlapping Voices: We looked down to City Hall you could see right through it. ...... Its", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00257-00146413-00146914": "great Grecian columns had crashed to the ground...the dome looked like a huge skeleton...the masonry", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00258-00146914-00147045": "had been shaken away from the steel frame....", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00259-00147045-00147726": "Dana King: When the 1906 earthquake destroyed city hall no one knew how to rebuild it to", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00260-00147726-00148266": "resist future quakes. Even if we learn how to predict earthquakes we still can't stop", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00261-00148266-00148835": "them. There will still be damage to our buildings and structures. So, how are structural engineers", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00262-00148835-00149138": "learning to reduce that damage and save lives?", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00263-00149138-00149525": "Reinhard Ludke: The structural engineers in the Bay area are developing new techniques", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00264-00149525-00150063": "and new technology that they are applying in new buildings. Plus, since Northridge and", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00265-00150063-00150440": "Loma Prieta they've developed new technology and new techniques and guidelines that are", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00266-00150440-00150942": "being used nationally for retrofitting existing structures. This building incorporates two", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00267-00150942-00151494": "new techniques for steel frame buildings a dog bone joint system and an eccentrically", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00268-00151494-00152033": "braced framing system and both of these systems were developed and detailed so that the building", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00269-00152033-00152705": "can absorb and deform without failing without falling down without killing people.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00270-00152705-00153412": "Reinhard Ludke: After Loma Prieta structural engineers determined that the bridges didn't", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00271-00153412-00153963": "perform properly so they came up with a technique to jacket the columns with steel casings,", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00272-00153963-00154682": "these ten foot diameter steel casings provide the confinement so that the column has the", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00273-00154682-00155271": "ductility, strength to deform and make it through a big earthquake without this freeway", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00274-00155271-00155764": "collapsing and people getting killed. Here we are in Berkeley, California, this is a", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00275-00155764-00156264": "parking structure. What the structural engineer did to retrofit this building he put the lateral", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00276-00156264-00156750": "system on the exterior of the building. And this is a conventional solution where they", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00277-00156750-00157251": "used a concentrically braced steel frame to protect this building from falling down in", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00278-00157251-00157351": "a big earthquake.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00279-00157351-00157937": "Dana King: In the last 20 to 30 years engineers have made buildings a lot safer. But, once", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00280-00157937-00158510": "structures are build to keep everyone alive the question is can engineering save the building?", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00281-00158510-00159240": "In our region there are hundreds of thousands of buildings at risk.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00282-00159240-00160009": "Reinhard Ludke: One new technique that engineers have developed over I'd say the last ten years,", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00283-00160009-00160426": "it's called performance based engineering and because we have the capability with the", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00284-00160426-00160848": "technology and understanding the materials we can tune the buildings to improve the performance.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00285-00160848-00161487": "So, if you have an owner that wants to have a building that not only survives an earthquake", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00286-00161487-00161917": "but remains functional after an earthquake we can engineer the building so that you can", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00287-00161917-00162407": "get back into the building right after the earthquake and continue operations, like hospitals,", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00288-00162407-00162610": "like police stations, like fire stations.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00289-00162610-00162975": "David Bonowitz: You shake the building from the ground and you can imagine 50 miles in", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00290-00162975-00163826": "any direction the whole ground shaking. And anything sitting ontop of it will also shake.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00291-00163826-00164341": "Now buildings are not completely rigid, they have some flexibility so when you shake them", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00292-00164341-00164832": "at the bottom they sway back and forth and they kind of wiggle around a little bit and", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00293-00164832-00165454": "the more they deform likely the more damage you have. So, if your can prevent the shaking", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00294-00165454-00165875": "from coming up into the building in the first place that's one really good way to limit", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00295-00165875-00166222": "your damage. That's what isolation does.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00296-00166222-00166869": "David Bonowitz: Imagine if you could if we could somehow float the building up above", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00297-00166869-00167364": "its foundation and separate it like that. We can't quite do that yet but what we can", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00298-00167364-00167870": "do is isolate the building a little bit by inserting between the structure above and", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00299-00167870-00168482": "the foundation some kind of a flexible system like rubber pads or in this case a sliding", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00300-00168482-00168970": "kind of Teflon like substance so that when the ground shakes the building still shakes", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00301-00168970-00169421": "but a lot less than it would if it weren't isolated. So, here at the Court of Appeals", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00302-00169421-00170225": "there are 256 different isolators separating the structure above from the ground and its", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00303-00170225-00170325": "foundation.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00304-00170325-00170683": "Dana King: The 9th Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco is one of the growing number", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00305-00170683-00171252": "of buildings in the Bay area protected by base isolation including city halls in Hayward,", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00306-00171252-00171520": "San Leandro, Oakland and San Francisco.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00307-00171520-00172064": "Eric Elsesser: We were very pleased to work on this project. I'm a native San Franciscan,", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00308-00172064-00172827": "I've enjoyed the building from my birth and what we really saw was an opportunity to work", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00309-00172827-00173464": "on a national treasure one of the very special buildings in the country. It desperately needed", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00310-00173464-00174072": "seismic strengthening. It was damaged to some degree in the earthquake and we found out", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00311-00174072-00174469": "as we analyzed it it was quite substantial damage.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00312-00174469-00175297": "Eric Elsesser: This rotunda is the major theme for this building. So, this entire area was", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00313-00175297-00176012": "redone, refinished and it looks just like it did when it was built in 1915. I feel very", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00314-00176012-00176674": "safe in the building. It has a premium seismic system of base isolation which couldn't be", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00315-00176674-00177399": "better in the world and I think it will do just fine in any earthquake. So, the isolators", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00316-00177399-00178084": "support the walls, the walls support the space frame the space frame supports the drum and", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00317-00178084-00178916": "the dome above and the whole building is anchored that way. When we look at base isolated buildings", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00318-00178916-00179459": "we are very very pleased with the outcome because we don't see any buildings that have", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00319-00179459-00179795": "been isolated that have collapsed in an earthquake.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00320-00179795-00180395": "Dana King: Damping systems which are really just large pistons are another engineering", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00321-00180395-00181450": "approach in retrofits and new buildings that reduce earthquake shaking. Cutting edge research", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00322-00181450-00181957": "on building design to withstand earthquakes is taking place on what are known as shake", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00323-00181957-00182317": "tables.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00324-00182317-00183512": "Overlapping Voices: Hopelessly little help came. ... market street was...25 feet deep...the", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00325-00183512-00184095": "three lower floors were completely crushed...buildings crumbled...not a soul escaped...automobiles", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00326-00184095-00184387": "carried out ambulance duty carrying the wounded and the dead...", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00327-00184387-00184864": "Dana King: The largest outdoor shake table in North America is at U.C. San Diego where", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00328-00184864-00185417": "they test everything from response to shaking to the impact of a terrorist bombing.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00329-00185417-00186004": "Frieder Seible: A shake table is an earthquake simulator in which we can build real structures", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00330-00186004-00186569": "and then send earthquake ground motions through the table. This particular table here is the", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00331-00186569-00186977": "worlds first outdoor shake table there is no other facility like this in the world.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00332-00186977-00187587": "We can build structures of virtually any size on the table no height restrictions, no overhead", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00333-00187587-00188170": "crane capacity limitations to lift big things on the table. And this way we can really test", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00334-00188170-00188939": "full scale structural systems. The effect of the building test which we just performed", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00335-00188939-00189600": "here was to show that we can design concrete high rise buildings, that they can be designed", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00336-00189600-00190110": "much more economically than what the current uniform building code allows us to do. Namely", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00337-00190110-00190715": "by using less steel and less concrete in the shear wall you can actually show that the", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00338-00190715-00190984": "seismic performance actually improves rather than getting worse.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00339-00190984-00191812": "Jose Restrepo: Well what we have here are the cables that will collect all of the data", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00340-00191812-00192287": "from the sensors, different kinds of sensors. You can see these are displacement sensors", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00341-00192287-00192954": "that are seeing how the wall breaths actually moves up, opens up, big cracks. These cracks", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00342-00192954-00193183": "here open about ¼ or an inch.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00343-00193183-00193797": "Dana King: The experiment was a great success as the building bent but didn't break experiencing", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00344-00193797-00194307": "what engineers described as just cosmetic impacts from the simulated Northridge quake.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00345-00194307-00194908": "Freider Seible: What we are doing also here at the Englekirk Center at UCSD is blast simulation.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00346-00194908-00195638": "So, we use the same power supply that drives this big shake table behind me also to simulate", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00347-00195638-00196279": "a bomb blast on full scale structural components like building columns, walls, floors, bridge", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00348-00196279-00196889": "columns, bridge sections and so on. We four velocity generators, these are servo controlled", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00349-00196889-00197301": "hydraulic actuators very similar to the ones that drive the shake table, the only real", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00350-00197301-00198491": "difference is that here we impart the forces in one to two milliseconds. The blast load", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00351-00198491-00198992": "causes shear failure at the ends of the columns then the shear failure propagates towards", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00352-00198992-00199646": "the column center. Now when we take these S-built columns and wrap them with these carbon", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00353-00199646-00200224": "fibers like you see here and then we put the same blast load on which we had put on the", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00354-00200224-00200645": "columns in the back you can see here that the columns they're almost perfectly straight", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00355-00200645-00201115": "after the test, just the very top of the column failed a little bit.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00356-00201115-00201783": "Dana King: The work taking place at a network of shake tables at west coast universities", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00357-00201783-00202364": "is delivering crucial advances to prepare California and the Bay area for the next big", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00358-00202364-00202464": "quake.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00359-00202464-00202869": "Lloyd Cluff: The greater San Francisco Bay area, the nine Bay area counties has done", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00360-00202869-00203550": "an enormous amount particularly since the Loma Prieta earthquake in 1989 to become better", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00361-00203550-00204162": "prepared in terms of emergency response but more important than that to actually understand", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00362-00204162-00204836": "the hazards and then to look at all of our facilities and to tackle the most vulnerable", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00363-00204836-00205562": "facilities in terms of infrastructure PG&E's facilities, the bridges, the highways and", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00364-00205562-00206267": "the water pipe lines and the sewers and everything and to bring those facilities up to a standard", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00365-00206267-00206798": "that either they can be rapidly repaired and restored or they're hardened enough so that", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00366-00206798-00207158": "they won't experience serious damage.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00367-00207158-00207917": "Stuart Nishenko: We're here at a PG&E work site at California and 14th replacing old", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00368-00207917-00208591": "cast iron pipe like this here with new generation poly-pipe that is going to be threaded through", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00369-00208591-00209529": "the old pipe under the street. This is part of a 20 year program that PG&E has been doing", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00370-00209529-00210271": "since 1985 to replace about 2200 miles of old vulnerable pipe in the San Francisco Bay", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00371-00210271-00211060": "area. Residents of the Marina may remember us putting in rolls of pipe after the 1989", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00372-00211060-00211631": "Loma Prieta Earthquake. So, now we're doing it all over the Bay area and we're about 80%", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00373-00211631-00211981": "finished with the project.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00374-00211981-00212696": "Dana King: On a personal level individuals and families can take important steps to prepare", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00375-00212696-00213011": "for the disruptive aftermath of a future quake.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00376-00213011-00213435": "Jeff Lusk: Although the tremendous losses from an earthquake and the enormous amount", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00377-00213435-00213969": "of money that is spent on retro fits those are staggering in terms of their dollar amounts", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00378-00213969-00214332": "people can spend a modest amount of money and take steps that will save them thousands", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00379-00214332-00214854": "of dollars and maybe displacement from their homes in the event of an earthquake. Strapping", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00380-00214854-00215210": "your gas water heater and making sure there are flexible connections so that that doesn't", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00381-00215210-00215702": "move around and you don't have gas leaks. Some other things are securing the heavy furniture", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00382-00215702-00216190": "in your home you can take the time to bolts in through your book cases and tie them into", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00383-00216190-00216642": "the studs in your wall so those don't top over. Taking care of these non-structural", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00384-00216642-00217178": "items. Taking care of these things that are priceless and can't be replaced like grandmas", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00385-00217178-00217656": "china and things like that. Those things need to be secured with quake wax those are loses", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00386-00217656-00218192": "that we can more easily prevent in a more typical moderate quake. Big heavy TV's like", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00387-00218192-00218681": "we've got these days, flat panels and big screens those can do a lot of damage both", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00388-00218681-00219183": "to property and to people if those fall over on top of your during an actual event.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00389-00219183-00219685": "Dana King: Materials for securing items in homes or businesses can be purchased at most", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00390-00219685-00220256": "hardware stores and premade disaster kits through the American Red Cross.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00391-00220256-00220705": "Jeff Lusk: Please be ready to take care of your family and not just a kit, not a trashcan", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00392-00220705-00221215": "with some water and some food and some expired prescriptions in it. But, please think about", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00393-00221215-00221830": "everything you're going to need to be able to stand on your own for 72 to 96 hours.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00394-00221830-00222927": "Amy Gaver: It's no time to try to find your supplies when earth shakes, the lights are", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00395-00222927-00223289": "out and you don't know where anything is. You'll think you'll find them, they used to", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00396-00223289-00223727": "be in that cabinet but ya know the thing about earthquakes is things get tossed around. So,", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00397-00223727-00224200": "if you wanna be able to find the things you need you have them assembled into a kit. Have", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00398-00224200-00224567": "the supplies you need where you need them at home, in the car in your workplace.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00399-00224567-00224965": "Jeff Lusk: And also not just to have a kit but to have a plan how are you going to contact", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00400-00224965-00225392": "each other when these things happen? If I'm at work in San Francisco and my wife and kids", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00401-00225392-00225850": "are in the east bay how will I find them when the cell phones don't work anymore? The best", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00402-00225850-00226279": "thing to do is to have a phone number outside of California that you can all call and leave", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00403-00226279-00226788": "a message I'm fine, here's where to find me. These are critical things basically you need", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00404-00226788-00227373": "to take a look at your life and say if I had no power, no water, o communications what", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00405-00227373-00227739": "would I do? And start to answer those questions in a common sense way.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00406-00227739-00228265": "Overlapping Voices: I never expected to to come out alive. Everyone believed their last", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00407-00228265-00228635": "moment had come....I've never seen anything like it...I want to go home mama, I want to", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00408-00228635-00229138": "go home repeated the little one...we haven't any home dear...everyone believed there last", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00409-00229138-00229263": "moment had come..", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00410-00229263-00229902": "Dana King: A major earthquake is likely to occur here soon. USGS and other scientists", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00411-00229902-00230652": "conclude there is a high probability of one or more earthquakes of magnitude 6.7 or greater", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00412-00230652-00231423": "striking the San Francisco Bay region by 2032. What would really save lives is early warning.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00413-00231423-00231933": "Can we solve the ultimate mystery, how and where do earthquakes start?", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00414-00231933-00232302": "Bill Ellsworth: Will it be possible to give a warning before the next big earthquake such", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00415-00232302-00232796": "as the one that happened 100 years ago in California. Scientifically we don't have an", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00416-00232796-00233201": "answer to that question. We've been studying earthquakes on the earth's surface for 100", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00417-00233201-00233752": "years but we've been blocked from seeing inside the machine that produces earthquakes. Earthquakes", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00418-00233752-00234178": "occur deep in the earth under miles of rock and to understand what makes a fault what", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00419-00234178-00234651": "makes the machine creates earthquakes we have to go inside it. That's what we've recently", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00420-00234651-00235098": "done along the San Andreas Fault near the small town of Parkfield located about half", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00421-00235098-00235594": "way between San Francisco and Los Angeles. Near Parkfield we've completed the San Andreas", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00422-00235594-00236040": "Fault Observatory at Depth. It's the first scientific drill hole into the heart of a", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00423-00236040-00236409": "major plate boundary fault.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00424-00236409-00237761": "Dana King: SAFOD is part of the larger National Science Foundation effort known as the Earthscope", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00425-00237761-00237861": "Initiative.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00426-00237861-00238278": "Steve Hickman: This is about understanding what makes the San Andreas Fault Zone tick.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00427-00238278-00238729": "Why do earthquakes start, are they predictable, what causes them to rupture to the surface", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00428-00238729-00239116": "and sometimes grow into really big earthquakes.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00429-00239116-00239886": "Bill Ellsworth: It's a region in which small earthquakes occur at shallow depth so we can", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00430-00239886-00240308": "into them. And these small earthquakes have a remarkable property. The same earthquake", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00431-00240308-00240792": "occurs on the same part of the fault time and time again. We're drilling into earthquakes", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00432-00240792-00241194": "that are about the size of a football field that's the area that ruptures in these small", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00433-00241194-00241666": "earthquakes about magnitude 2 and they recur about every year or two. So, it gives us a", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00434-00241666-00242184": "wonderful scientific target a place that we can steer the drill bit along a two mile curving", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00435-00242184-00242657": "path to go right into the heart of the San Andreas into these zones that produce these", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00436-00242657-00242817": "remarkable repeating earthquakes.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00437-00242817-00243317": "Steve Hickman: This is really about understanding how earthquakes work and by gaining that understanding", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00438-00243317-00243766": "being able to better understand the hazard they pose to society and hopefully reduce", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00439-00243766-00243866": "it.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00440-00243866-00244329": "Bill Ellsworth: So, it's going to be possible over the 20 year lifetime of the observatory", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00441-00244329-00244829": "to watch many earthquakes, to watch the forces as they build up and watch the process that", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00442-00244829-00245365": "then occurs as the fault goes from being locked to unlocking at the speed of several thousand", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00443-00245365-00245644": "miles per hour as an earthquake rupture runs along it.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00444-00245644-00246073": "Steve Hickman: What's kept us from being able to predict earthquakes is a very poor understanding", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00445-00246073-00246505": "of what's happening directly within fault zones where earthquakes get started. With", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00446-00246505-00246942": "SAFOD we have the first ever opportunity to get directly in a fault zone and see what's", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00447-00246942-00247494": "happening in the hours, days or even minutes before the next earthquake occurs. By advancing", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00448-00247494-00247888": "our understanding of the science of what's happening within the heart of the fault zone", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00449-00247888-00248319": "we can determine whether earthquake prediction is possible and how we should go about doing", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00450-00248319-00248419": "it.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00451-00248419-00249088": "Dana King: The SAFOD projects continuous monitoring of an active fault is a major advance in earthquake", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00452-00249088-00249767": "science. It's a chance to answer that ultimate question how to predict when and where an", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00453-00249767-00249877": "earthquake will occur.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00454-00249877-00250355": "Stuart Nishenko: USGS and other groups have come out and said there's a 2/3's chance in", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00455-00250355-00250978": "the next 30 years of a major earthquake here in the Bay area so that's provided a motivation", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00456-00250978-00251548": "for people to start improving the buildings and the infrastructure in preparation for", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00457-00251548-00251648": "that.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00458-00251648-00252160": "Mary Lou Zoback: Future earthquakes will be larger and closer. And, just as a comparison", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00459-00252160-00252802": "the 1906 earthquake was equivalent to the energy release of 30 Loma Prieta Earthquakes", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00460-00252802-00252986": "occurring all at the same time.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00461-00252986-00253369": "Bill Ellsworth: In the longterm the way that we're going to be prepared for future earthquakes", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00462-00253369-00253958": "in California is by having structures that will resist there forces.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00463-00253958-00254673": "Dana King: Alexander McAdie wrote this in 1906 to the state earthquake investigation", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00464-00254673-00255286": "committee. The prime object should be to advise wisely to set forth the truth and to provide", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00465-00255286-00255869": "for research and investigation. And in every way work for the benefit and welfare for not", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00466-00255869-00256573": "only our community but all of mankind so far as the effects of earth movement are concerned.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00467-00256573-00257408": "Overlapping Voices: I was not willing to leave San Francisco then. I wanted to stay to see", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00468-00257408-00257923": "the new city that would rise out of the ruins. I felt that my place was there. I had something", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00469-00257923-00258254": "to contribute even if only in a small measure.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00470-00258254-00259083": "Dana King: In 1906 it's estimated there were over 3,000 deaths, 225,000 homeless in San", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00471-00259083-00259796": "Francisco alone, 28,000 buildings destroyed. More than an 80 million dollar loss from the", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00472-00259796-00260427": "earthquake alone and another 320 million dollar loss from the fire which devastated the downtown", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00473-00260427-00260876": "behind me. What will happen when the next earthquake occurs?", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00474-00260876-00261355": "Bill Ellsworth: If we can succeed at understanding the ultimate forces that earthquakes can deliver", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00475-00261355-00261827": "to the earths surface we'll be able to give very clear guidance to engineers and architects", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00476-00261827-00262278": "so that they can build structures to resist future earthquakes. To ensure that our critical", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00477-00262278-00262786": "facilities such as dams and bridges will not be subject to failure in whatever earthquake", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00478-00262786-00262894": "may someday hit us.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00479-00262894-00263543": "Lloyd Cluff: Within the Bay area there's probably over 100 distinguished earthquake scientists", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00480-00263543-00264157": "and engineers and many of those including myself live in the proximity of active faults.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00481-00264157-00264916": "Ross Stein: We recognize that we reap the riches of a landscape built through repeated", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00482-00264916-00265446": "earthquakes this is why we have the San Francisco Bay as a result of these faults. It's why", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00483-00265446-00265884": "we have the wine country it's why we have the beautiful climate. If we're going to benefit", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00484-00265884-00266356": "from it then we also have to prepare for the occasional bad things that these faults fire", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00485-00266356-00267123": "off at us. And most people and most of the laws and most of the desire on the part of", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00486-00267123-00267698": "the population is to build to survive earthquakes and to live safely among them.", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00487-00267698-00268294": "Dana King: Quakes are going to happen in California. An earthquake can hit at any time and it will", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00488-00268294-00268867": "surely be destructive. But, with the amazing advances in engineering and science and the", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00489-00268867-00269453": "commitment of the community to prepare and be ready surely it will be less destructive", "iTQvr7nbu_Y-00490-00269453-00269580": "and lives will be saved."}}, {"audio_id": "iUv8et4lLfk", "text": {"iUv8et4lLfk-00000-00000883-00001807": "hi everybody welcome back today I thought I would talk about disability and how I got", "iUv8et4lLfk-00001-00001807-00002581": "my disability I know some people have a problem they file for they file for disability and it's", "iUv8et4lLfk-00002-00002581-00003253": "you know reject it and they file again and it gets rejected and they file again and it gets", "iUv8et4lLfk-00003-00003253-00003736": "rejected I have I know some people that are on there like fifth time to filing for disability", "iUv8et4lLfk-00004-00003736-00004522": "and it keeps getting rejected well let me tell you when I filed for disability first time through it", "iUv8et4lLfk-00005-00004522-00005374": "was approved praise God thank God eye for eye it's not a problem I didn't have a problem with", "iUv8et4lLfk-00006-00005374-00005980": "my disability at all so let me tell you tell you my story and how I did that I drove a school bus", "iUv8et4lLfk-00007-00005980-00006873": "for 20 years and I had along the way I had a lot of back pain I had a lot of neck pain and", "iUv8et4lLfk-00008-00006873-00007920": "probably 16 years into driving I had my first neck Asian I had a herniated disc in my neck I had my", "iUv8et4lLfk-00009-00007920-00008713": "first neck fusion and I I worked through until I had my surgery and my bus route not no joke", "iUv8et4lLfk-00010-00008713-00009379": "my bus route was in the day maybe seven hours six six and a half hours long I had a long bus", "iUv8et4lLfk-00011-00009379-00009829": "route I was on the road that's like morning and afternoon I was on the road a long time", "iUv8et4lLfk-00012-00009829-00010660": "so I had my neck fusion and I was off about a month and a half from work six weeks you know", "iUv8et4lLfk-00013-00010660-00011551": "came back to work um and the pain just my back just started hurting my back it hurt so bad I", "iUv8et4lLfk-00014-00011551-00012229": "went to several doctors different doctors and thank God where I worked I worked for a county", "iUv8et4lLfk-00015-00012229-00012766": "and we had a lot of days off we were given I had a lot of vacation days I had sick time I", "iUv8et4lLfk-00016-00012766-00013534": "can use I had personal days I had like a week and no pay I could take and believe me I used", "iUv8et4lLfk-00017-00013534-00014228": "all of them I used all of them going to doctors because my back pain getting so bad well along", "iUv8et4lLfk-00018-00014228-00014921": "the way when I first started driving you know I just pray god I just want 20 years just give", "iUv8et4lLfk-00019-00014921-00015626": "me 20 years and that's that I'd like to retire 20 years if I could work longer than that that", "iUv8et4lLfk-00020-00015626-00016547": "would be great but I just need 20 years so neck fusion happen and then my back got so", "iUv8et4lLfk-00021-00016547-00017309": "bad I had the opportunity to go into an adult workshop and what I did there was supervised", "iUv8et4lLfk-00022-00017309-00018410": "disabled people mentally in mentally disabled people mentally you just physically mentally", "iUv8et4lLfk-00023-00018410-00019112": "disabled people that's what I did so I was able to go in the workshop probably I was in there", "iUv8et4lLfk-00024-00019112-00020117": "two years and I was off the bus so it was easier I wasn't bouncing all over the place and was still", "iUv8et4lLfk-00025-00020117-00020858": "getting bad it was still still hurting there were days that I could get to work and all I could do", "iUv8et4lLfk-00026-00020858-00021461": "was sit and thank God I had a group of women that worked with me that helped me pick up my slack", "iUv8et4lLfk-00027-00021461-00022013": "when they knew I was really hurting they helped pick up the slack for me and you know I did the", "iUv8et4lLfk-00028-00022013-00022757": "same for them when they were so we worked together we worked great so along came the time that my", "iUv8et4lLfk-00029-00022757-00023519": "back was just hurting it was hurting so bad I had 19 and a half years and 19 and a half years and", "iUv8et4lLfk-00030-00023519-00024296": "people kept saying Michelle you need to file for disability I don't like it I don't like working I", "iUv8et4lLfk-00031-00024296-00025037": "like my job I like working show you need to file ok so I called around you know because I had two", "iUv8et4lLfk-00032-00025037-00025691": "different systems I was in a private school system and now I'm in a county system so I called the", "iUv8et4lLfk-00033-00025691-00026227": "county system where I worked and they said you have you have more years into the school system", "iUv8et4lLfk-00034-00026227-00027011": "right now so we need to call them so I called them SCRs and said you know I would like to file for", "iUv8et4lLfk-00035-00027011-00027670": "disability so they sent me all the paperwork and I let the paperwork sit there I judge sat there it's", "iUv8et4lLfk-00036-00027670-00028393": "not that I can cry and I'm like God what should I do you know but remember when I first started", "iUv8et4lLfk-00037-00028393-00028900": "driving and along the way my prayer was God at least twenty years I just want to get 20 years", "iUv8et4lLfk-00038-00028900-00029836": "so at my 19 and a half year mark I couldn't stand up I would get back spouse and so bad it was it", "iUv8et4lLfk-00039-00029836-00030730": "was bad it was bad and it was like unbelievable it was unbelievable pain that I was in and then", "iUv8et4lLfk-00040-00030730-00031483": "my neck was hurting again so one day I remember this very clearly very clearly I'm praying about", "iUv8et4lLfk-00041-00031483-00032497": "it and at that time I was flat on the couch I hurt so bad I got up got those disability papers out", "iUv8et4lLfk-00042-00032497-00033187": "when in the kitchen and I stood there and film all out I just told everyone I'm out did what I needed", "iUv8et4lLfk-00043-00033187-00033781": "to do put him in the mail the next day because this was a Sunday it was the weekend so I'm my", "iUv8et4lLfk-00044-00033781-00034651": "way to work the next day I put him in the mail thought I don't know this is gonna probably be", "iUv8et4lLfk-00045-00034651-00035347": "a process for me and it's gonna take years like everybody else so I put him in the mail and then", "iUv8et4lLfk-00046-00035347-00035845": "I got a phone call a couple days later and I had to do a few more things like sent some papers to", "iUv8et4lLfk-00047-00035845-00036448": "doctors and you know all that good stuff and along I'm still hurting I'm still hurting and", "iUv8et4lLfk-00048-00036448-00036973": "at this point I mean my feet ache my legs ache my back ached everything ached but I'm still going", "iUv8et4lLfk-00049-00036973-00037765": "to work still going to work well out of the blue about two months later I get a letter in the mail", "iUv8et4lLfk-00050-00037765-00039190": "you are approved for disability starting this date and I'm like oh now listen that prayer that I had", "iUv8et4lLfk-00051-00039190-00040202": "to have my 20 years in was the answer because I had my 20 years in for my disability God answered", "iUv8et4lLfk-00052-00040202-00041270": "I got my 20 years so I'm looking at this letter and I'm thinking oh I think I need to quit my job", "iUv8et4lLfk-00053-00041270-00042368": "now what do I do uh what do I do so the next day I took my papers into work and I handed it to my", "iUv8et4lLfk-00054-00042368-00043268": "boss and I said I think I need to quit my job I think my disability was approved he said it", "iUv8et4lLfk-00055-00043268-00043877": "sure was in you don't have to work anymore and I'm thinking oh praise God because I hurt so bad", "iUv8et4lLfk-00056-00043877-00044831": "I hurt so bad and I prayed about my disability I pray God I don't want people to think that I'm not", "iUv8et4lLfk-00057-00044831-00045368": "sick okay I don't want people to think that I'm just using the system because I'm not because I", "iUv8et4lLfk-00058-00045368-00046073": "can't walk it hurts so bad I didn't want people to think bad of me because I'm on disability you know", "iUv8et4lLfk-00059-00046073-00046589": "it was so afraid that people were gonna think I was using the system and a couple people I talk", "iUv8et4lLfk-00060-00046589-00047198": "to they're like Michelle you're not you can't walk yeah I know I know it hurts bad so I got", "iUv8et4lLfk-00061-00047198-00047837": "my letter to my boss and went and got all my stuff and told all my friends goodbye my disability was", "iUv8et4lLfk-00062-00047837-00048542": "approved and they're like are you kidding me no it only took took I'm maybe two months maybe maybe", "iUv8et4lLfk-00063-00048542-00049349": "yeah and they're like are you kidding me we have brothers my cat we have friends we have people", "iUv8et4lLfk-00064-00049349-00049880": "that we know that that have been trying for that you know they have problems like you do and have", "iUv8et4lLfk-00065-00049880-00050765": "a try and and nothing gets approved how did you do it prayer God promised me 20 years that was my", "iUv8et4lLfk-00066-00050765-00051517": "promise and he promised he would take care of me at this job if you haven't seen the video of how I", "iUv8et4lLfk-00067-00051517-00052192": "got my job I'll post it in the description down below go back and watch that because how I got", "iUv8et4lLfk-00068-00052192-00052871": "my job is pretty pretty amazing pretty amazing so God promised that he would take care of me and he", "iUv8et4lLfk-00069-00052871-00053550": "did and I got a little bit a little bit over 20 years so I was able to get me healthy I've been", "iUv8et4lLfk-00070-00053550-00054522": "able to get good benefits now that so I told all my friends goodbye and everything and they're like", "iUv8et4lLfk-00071-00054522-00055674": "how did it happen God if this was God this was God I prayed this was God this was God so if you're", "iUv8et4lLfk-00072-00055674-00056717": "wanting to file for disability and you're really really really sick start praying about it start", "iUv8et4lLfk-00073-00056717-00057305": "praying about it because if God thinks you need to have it you'll have it if God thinks you're the", "iUv8et4lLfk-00074-00057305-00057924": "one that needs to be on disability I hope he'll get it you'll get it you'll get it it just pray", "iUv8et4lLfk-00075-00057924-00058616": "I know some people might think that's crazy and I'm nuts but I'm telling ya God answers prayers", "iUv8et4lLfk-00076-00058616-00059259": "and you know pray about it God if this is what you need for me in my life that's how I prayed about", "iUv8et4lLfk-00077-00059259-00060189": "it if this is what you need for me in my life I'll do it you know and I did and I got it so after I", "iUv8et4lLfk-00078-00060189-00060708": "got my disability and then got really sick you know well I came home from work the next day and", "iUv8et4lLfk-00079-00060708-00061398": "I'm like wow I guess I could sleep in tomorrow cuz I don't have to go to oh it's got to work anymore", "iUv8et4lLfk-00080-00061398-00061932": "and that took a while to sink in it took a while to sink in I don't have to go to work anymore", "iUv8et4lLfk-00081-00061932-00062733": "but probably a month after I was on disability I got very sick I got very very sick my kidney", "iUv8et4lLfk-00082-00062733-00063336": "one of my kidneys was clogged and that's a whole nother story you're you get really sick when you", "iUv8et4lLfk-00083-00063336-00063951": "have kidney problems let me tell you so I had that fixed and in the in the meantime when I was sick I", "iUv8et4lLfk-00084-00063951-00064908": "actually found a doctor at UPMC in Pittsburgh that knew about my spine because my my herniation was", "iUv8et4lLfk-00085-00064908-00065528": "in my thoracic area and that's not normal 10% of people in the United State a herniation in there", "iUv8et4lLfk-00086-00065528-00066404": "and I one of them way you know yeah me so I found a doctor that agreed to do surgery you know he's", "iUv8et4lLfk-00087-00066404-00067112": "it's so rare he's like I don't know if I helped I don't know I don't know see do you want me to yes", "iUv8et4lLfk-00088-00067112-00067643": "I want you to do it because I can't stand the pain that I'm in right now so about two weeks", "iUv8et4lLfk-00089-00067643-00068414": "before my spine surgery I had my kidney fixed then I had my own then I had a tooth that I had to get", "iUv8et4lLfk-00090-00068414-00069137": "a tooth pulled before my surgery you know so then the day of my surgery I went in and I have a rod", "iUv8et4lLfk-00091-00069137-00069923": "in my spine I had that done in like April about two years ago I do have a rod in my spine now and", "iUv8et4lLfk-00092-00069923-00070655": "in November I had to have a second neck fusion I had a titanium disc important place men in there", "iUv8et4lLfk-00093-00070655-00071450": "and that was removed and now I have bone grafts and everything in my neck so but I deserve the", "iUv8et4lLfk-00094-00071450-00072119": "disability I deserve it and I'm thankful for it I am so thankful that I don't have to get up to go", "iUv8et4lLfk-00095-00072119-00072713": "to work every day because it would be really hard for me to do because some nights I can't sleep", "iUv8et4lLfk-00096-00072713-00073379": "through the night some days I can't walk some days I have to spend the day in bed I'm thankful that", "iUv8et4lLfk-00097-00073379-00074018": "I can watch my grandkids I know and you guys see my grandkids but after I take them home I'm in bed", "iUv8et4lLfk-00098-00074018-00074519": "I'm in bed for the rest of the night and maybe the next day because they just wear me out they", "iUv8et4lLfk-00099-00074519-00075269": "just totally wear me out and the back pain gets bad so I'm thankful that I have my disability", "iUv8et4lLfk-00100-00075269-00076054": "so if you're trying to get your disability start praying about it maybe gotta let your prayer so", "iUv8et4lLfk-00101-00076054-00076702": "if you liked my video like subscribe and come back for more I got more stories to tell my", "iUv8et4lLfk-00102-00076702-00077197": "dog is right here my dog decided to visit me too alright I'll see you next time bye", "iUv8et4lLfk-00103-00078222-00078272": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "iU-MFaInFJ4", "text": {"iU-MFaInFJ4-00000-00000759-00000850": "Hi, how are you?", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00001-00000850-00001069": "This is the video I promised several weeks ago", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00002-00001069-00001446": "Until today I hadn't been able to record it because Half-Life 2", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00003-00001446-00001700": "changed its file system", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00004-00001700-00001900": "and mods aren't compatible anymore", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00005-00001900-00002234": "I wanted to play this with the Oculus Rift and Razer Hydra mod", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00006-00002234-00002548": "To get positional tracking on my weapon", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00007-00002548-00002911": "and the new mod was released just a couple of days ago", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00008-00002911-00003250": "and it's compatible with Source SDK 2013,", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00009-00003250-00003457": "so I'm going to play the bridge map", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00010-00003457-00003700": "To make it shorter I'm splitting the video in two:", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00011-00003700-00004000": "first part until the switch to deactivate the force field,", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00012-00004000-00004172": "and second part back to the car", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00013-00004172-00004300": "Hope you enjoy it!", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00014-00004409-00004609": "Let's start the bridge map", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00015-00004609-00004909": "Dont' forget that I have positional tracking", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00016-00004909-00005409": "for both my weapon and my body", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00017-00005409-00005709": "I've got a Razer Hydra attached to my chest", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00018-00005809-00005959": "If I get close to the banister", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00019-00006022-00006300": "I can peek over it", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00020-00006450-00006700": "I can also crouch physically", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00021-00006900-00007400": "Any small movement of my body, like this one,", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00022-00007400-00007900": "is tracked and multiplies realism", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00023-00007900-00008400": "and it also helps with motion sickness in my opinion", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00024-00008400-00008858": "People is used to make small body movements,", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00025-00008858-00009208": "not just head movements like the Oculus Rift tracks", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00026-00009300-00009900": "Ok, lets do the first part of the bridge map", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00027-00009900-00010400": "and deactivate a force field located on the other end", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00028-00010500-00010700": "Here what we must do is", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00029-00010700-00010900": "to be extremely careful with jumps", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00030-00010900-00011100": "and eliminate enemies", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00031-00011500-00011700": "I'll reload my weapon", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00032-00011800-00012100": "You can see I'm using the Xbox 360 controller because", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00033-00012183-00012553": "I've lost the left Hydra controller, it's under my chest", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00034-00012553-00012853": "so I can't use it for walking, it's a very unusual combo", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00035-00012900-00013358": "Anyway, when the new Sixense STEM arrives", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00036-00013358-00013697": "We will have enough sensors and we won't have to do", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00037-00013697-00013900": "strange combinations, and best of all:", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00038-00013900-00014200": "it will be wireless", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00039-00014597-00014800": "Even though I have played plenty of hours with the Oculus Rift", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00040-00014900-00015300": "and vertigo feeling is not the same as before", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00041-00015400-00015700": "I still feel something inside", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00042-00015846-00016227": "With a high resolution Oculus Rift it will be even better, but right now", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00043-00016227-00016527": "the feeling of being tens of meters high", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00044-00016527-00016827": "is still incredible... look at that seagull!", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00045-00016947-00017608": "I can crouch here and get closer... wow... very real guys", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00046-00017744-00017995": "This is a brand new way to play games and", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00047-00017995-00018300": "virtual reality will change everything", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00048-00018395-00018680": "To change weapons I'm using the controller d-pad", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00049-00018680-00019000": "Pressing right I got the machine gun, the shotgun", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00050-00019188-00019556": "The bridge is shaking because there is a train up there", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00051-00019800-00020000": "A headcrab here", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00052-00020500-00021000": "I neither need rockets nor medkits, I'm fine", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00053-00021000-00021500": "Let's see when I'm back, it will be different if I survive", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00054-00022404-00023093": "This is awesome... I already loved this map 10 years ago", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00055-00023093-00023400": "playing on a simple monitor, but now,", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00056-00023400-00023800": "feeling inside the map, feeling the vertigo... wow", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00057-00024300-00024400": "Careful here", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00058-00024700-00024800": "No danger", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00059-00025273-00025583": "Now I'll use the crossbow", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00060-00025583-00025883": "to kill some enemies", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00061-00026100-00026300": "Look how I'm aiming now!", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00062-00026400-00026700": "I can really look through the scope!", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00063-00027400-00027500": "Another one here", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00064-00027888-00028100": "I can bring it to my face, as close as I want!", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00065-00028644-00029044": "Way better than pressing a key to enable zoom", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00066-00029562-00029902": "I'm still in awe when I look at my weapon on my hand!", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00067-00030100-00030387": "Let's keep going, another one here", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00068-00030687-00031087": "Nothing touches the good old Dirty Harry Magnum!", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00069-00031087-00031400": "Look at the shells", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00070-00031757-00031900": "Let's go!", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00071-00032300-00032400": "Very careful", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00072-00033000-00033200": "I think there is someone inside", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00073-00033700-00034200": "I can lean... there is an enemy inside!", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00074-00034700-00034800": "Another one", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00075-00035300-00035500": "I wanted to turn on the flashlight and I reloaded instead", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00076-00035861-00036100": "A really big gun here", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00077-00036100-00036700": "This is the soldier I killed before... I can get a closer look", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00078-00037100-00037400": "This is a new dimension, a different way of playing", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00079-00037400-00037700": "This has nothing to do with what we know", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00080-00037862-00038162": "Let's take a proper weapon", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00081-00038300-00038400": "Little jump", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00082-00038500-00038900": "And we get close to the enemy", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00083-00040000-00040400": "Medkits on the table, I'll need them later", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00084-00040700-00041000": "And now things get really interesting", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00085-00041400-00041500": "Careful", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00086-00041900-00042000": "Over the bridge", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00087-00042202-00042400": "They saw me!", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00088-00042580-00042800": "A very warm welcome for me", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00089-00042900-00043100": "There is one up there", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00090-00043400-00043600": "Another one in that room", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00091-00044400-00044900": "Let's switch guns, just in case I run out of ammo", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00092-00045200-00045680": "I could make this explode to kill them", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00093-00046100-00046400": "It's easy to follow their movements with the Hydra!", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00094-00046900-00047200": "It feels so natural", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00095-00047450-00047800": "Doh, I didn't set any key for the gravity gun", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00096-00047838-00048000": "I'll reset the tracker", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00097-00048000-00048500": "Sometimes, as the game doesn't use magnetic correction,", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00098-00048500-00049500": "orientation changes a little bit and I need to reset it", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00099-00049600-00049700": "A bit of health", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00100-00049900-00050500": "and we are really close to the field generator switch", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00101-00051200-00051600": "Nobody is coming", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00102-00051600-00052169": "Peeking would be impossible without the Razer Hydra", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00103-00052169-00052400": "I hope the consumer version of the Rift comes with a sensor", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00104-00052400-00052700": "to not depend on third parties for positional tracking", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00105-00052808-00053208": "A new weapon to kill the guy up there", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00106-00053500-00053600": "Magnum will be fine", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00107-00054200-00054500": "No words... I have no words!", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00108-00054600-00054900": "This is more than playing!", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00109-00055100-00055600": "Lets climb up, things will get serious", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00110-00055800-00056500": "Look how I can stay here and take out my weapon!", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00111-00056900-00057100": "Nobody here", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00112-00057700-00058100": "I think this glass is bulletproof... careful here", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00113-00058900-00059000": "Clear!", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00114-00059400-00059600": "Ammo and power for the suit", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00115-00060674-00061200": "And this is the zone where the energy field control is", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00116-00061300-00061500": "Got grenades", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00117-00062202-00062504": "Here I can fill health and power", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00118-00062600-00062755": "Health is maxed", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00119-00062800-00063855": "I'll reload power, it will come handy to fight the airship", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00120-00064176-00064600": "And now I have to press this button", "iU-MFaInFJ4-00121-00064676-00064800": "and go back"}}, {"audio_id": "iU_QAlQOIDu", "text": {"iU_QAlQOIDu-00000-00000114-00000691": "Mucolipidosis type IV (or MLIV) is a genetic disease that is found primarily in the Ashkenazi", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00001-00000691-00000838": "Jewish population.", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00002-00000838-00001324": "It is is characterized by neuronal degeneration, meaning death of neurons, the cells that allow", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00003-00001324-00001515": "the brain to function.", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00004-00001515-00002082": "MLIV is very debilitating and patients with this disease suffer from visual impairment,", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00005-00002082-00002616": "mental retardation and delayed motor milestones among many other symptoms which means many", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00006-00002616-00002899": "of them are wheel-chair bound.", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00007-00002899-00003419": "MLIV is part of a group of diseases called Lysosomal storage disorders, which are all", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00008-00003419-00003950": "characterized by accumulation of material inside cells that we call \"storage bodies\".", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00009-00003950-00004461": "it is thought that it is these storage bodies that are causing the death of these neurons.", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00010-00004461-00005003": "MLIV is caused by a mutation or a change in the DNA sequence that codes for a protein", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00011-00005003-00005231": "called mucolipin-1.", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00012-00005231-00005864": "the mutation makes a non functional mucolipin-1 protein which causes MLIV disease.", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00013-00005864-00006439": "so what does mucolipin-1 do and how does its dysfunction cause this disease?", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00014-00006439-00007058": "Mucolipin-1 is a protein that is localized to a compartment inside cells called the lysosome.", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00015-00007058-00007608": "In the lysosome, Mucolipin-1 spans the membrane and controls the flow of ions in and out of", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00016-00007608-00008176": "the lysosome including sodium, iron, potassium, calcium, and hydrogen.", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00017-00008176-00008625": "Because lots of things happen in the lysosome that require a very specific concentration", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00018-00008625-00009147": "of certain ions, mucolipin-1 is important to establish this environment and to allow", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00019-00009147-00009514": "the lysosome to perform its intended function.", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00020-00009514-00009722": "So what is the function of lysosomes?", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00021-00009722-00010296": "Well, lysosomes can be seen as the recycling center of the cell because they process unwanted", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00022-00010296-00010694": "material into substances that the cell can use.", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00023-00010694-00011285": "So if mucolipin-1 is defective or absent, the environment of the lysosomes is not optimal", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00024-00011285-00011576": "to perform these recycling functions.", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00025-00011576-00012048": "This defect in recycling debri is thought to be responsible for the accumulation of", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00026-00012048-00012608": "the storage bodies that accumulate in MLIV but this hasn't yet been proven.", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00027-00012608-00013084": "So it is important for us to understand what mechanisms could be causing the accumulation", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00028-00013084-00013377": "of these storage bodies in MLIV.", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00029-00013377-00013807": "That is exactly what the scientists of this paper wanted to examine in an article titled", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00030-00013807-00014351": "\"Marcroautophagy is defective in mucolipin-1-deficient mouse neurons\" published by the Slaugenhaupt", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00031-00014351-00014912": "lab at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School in November 2010 in", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00032-00014912-00015134": "Neurobiology of Disease.", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00033-00015134-00015706": "These scientists used a mouse model for MLIV where the mucolipin-1 DNA sequence and protein", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00034-00015706-00015909": "was removed.", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00035-00015909-00016356": "These mice have a lot of the same symptoms as MLIV patients so it's a great model in", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00036-00016356-00016634": "which to study the disease.", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00037-00016634-00017177": "Because MLIV disease is a neurodegenerative disease with death of the neurons, the scientists", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00038-00017177-00017556": "studied the neurons isolated from brains of diseased mice before neurodegeneration occurs", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00039-00017556-00017956": "compared to non-diseased mouse neurons in a petri dish.", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00040-00017956-00018445": "The scientists found the same types of storage bodies in neurons in a petri dish compared", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00041-00018445-00019068": "to a mouse brain, and those storage bodies are very similar to storage bodies found in", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00042-00019068-00019618": "MLIV patients, so this was a great validation that the human MLIV disease was very well", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00043-00019618-00019929": "recapitulated in this cellular model.", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00044-00019929-00020484": "So what could be causing the accumulation of these storage bodies in MLIV-diseased neurons?", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00045-00020484-00021115": "So as I previously mentioned, mucolipin-1, the protein that is non-functional in MLIV,", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00046-00021115-00021710": "is important to provide the ideal environment for the lysosome to degrade and recycle debri", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00047-00021710-00022093": "to provide material that the cell can use.", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00048-00022093-00022612": "One pathway that uses the lysosome to degrade and recycle material is the macroautophagy", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00049-00022612-00022731": "pathway.", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00050-00022731-00023332": "Autophagy stands for \"self eating\" which is exactly what it is: material that the cell", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00051-00023332-00023940": "doesn't need or that doesn't work anymore gets engulfed in a large bubble or vesicle", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00052-00023940-00024509": "that will fuse with lysosomes which will degrade and recycle the basic components that the", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00053-00024509-00024979": "cell can use as building blocks to produce other materials.", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00054-00024979-00025523": "So the scientists were interested to see if this pathway was functional or not in MLIV", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00055-00025523-00025626": "neurons.", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00056-00025626-00026097": "And what the scientists found was that the vesicles that carried the material to be degraded", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00057-00026097-00026691": "did not fuse with the lysosome and so they could not be degraded and they accumulated", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00058-00026691-00026791": "in the MLIV cells.", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00059-00026791-00026975": "The scientists saw an increase in these vesicles in MLIV cells, proving that this macroautophagy", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00060-00026975-00027397": "pathway could not function properly in MLIV neurons.", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00061-00027397-00027641": "So what did this study show?", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00062-00027641-00028052": "Although previous studies had looked at the macroautophagy pathway in human cells that", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00063-00028052-00028555": "are found throughout the body, no one had studied what happens in the neurons in MLIV", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00064-00028555-00028655": "disease.", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00065-00028655-00028755": "Because death of neurons is ultimately what causes the most severe symptoms in MLIV patients,", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00066-00028755-00028855": "it's important to study what goes wrong in these MLIV cells.", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00067-00028855-00029278": "This study showed for the first time that MLIV neurons have a defect in the macroautophagy", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00068-00029278-00029833": "pathway which causes accumulation of vesicles because the vesicles cannot fuse with the", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00069-00029833-00030076": "lysosome and be broken down.", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00070-00030076-00030625": "This study also established a model to study a very relevant tissue in MLIV disease: the", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00071-00030625-00031306": "brain by isolating neurons in MLIV mice, which are very similar to the human disease.", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00072-00031306-00031705": "Using these cells will provide a great way to look for drugs that can reduce the number", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00073-00031705-00032414": "of storage bodies or vesicles which may improve survival of the neurons and MLIV symptoms.", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00074-00032414-00032693": "So what does this mean for you?", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00075-00032693-00033140": "Because MLIV is part of a family of diseases, the results of this study can also provide", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00076-00033140-00033534": "the basis for understanding other diseases in the family.", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00077-00033534-00034032": "Maybe the macroautophagy pathway is common to lysosomal storage diseases in general,", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00078-00034032-00034337": "and it certainly seems to be the case based on other studies.", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00079-00034337-00034994": "In addition, genetic diseases such as MLIV often identify new roles for proteins.", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00080-00034994-00035487": "So studying genetic diseases can provide clues as to what causes the disease and how we can", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00081-00035487-00036040": "treat it but also provide an understanding of the roles of proteins in normal biology", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00082-00036040-00036350": "in the absence of disease.", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00083-00036350-00036841": "Understanding normal biology is just as important as understanding biology in the context of", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00084-00036841-00036941": "disease!", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00085-00036941-00037224": "There are still questions that remain however:", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00086-00037224-00037722": "- Why can't these macroautophagy vesicles fuse with the lysosome in MLIV?", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00087-00037722-00038199": "Is the build up of these vesicles causing an accumulation of toxic material that is", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00088-00038199-00038396": "killing neurons?", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00089-00038396-00038880": "- Are these macroautophagy vesicles part of the storage bodies?", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00090-00038880-00039328": "- Are the storage bodies responsible for the neurodegeneration in MLIV disease?", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00091-00039328-00039700": "Or are they protective by containing harmful substances?", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00092-00039700-00040221": "so as you can see, mouse models have provided a great way to study diseases such as MLIV", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00093-00040221-00040772": "by giving scientists the ability to study relevant tissues, in this case the brain,", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00094-00040772-00041146": "that would be impossible to do with patients.", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00095-00041146-00041671": "Studying rare genetic diseases such as MLIV provides insight into everyone's biology by", "iU_QAlQOIDu-00096-00041671-00043988": "dissecting out new functions of existing proteins."}}, {"audio_id": "iUHslSxIHRo", "text": {"iUHslSxIHRo-00000-00002050-00002300": "The construction of the Kadana Dam on the river Mahi", "iUHslSxIHRo-00001-00002320-00002500": "made the communities in that area", "iUHslSxIHRo-00002-00002520-00002750": "move into the near forest in dear need for survival.", "iUHslSxIHRo-00003-00002850-00003100": "The people started living off the newly occupied land", "iUHslSxIHRo-00004-00003120-00003379": "until theyrealized that theirincreasing dependence", "iUHslSxIHRo-00005-00003400-00003650": "could cause undue stress on the forest.", "iUHslSxIHRo-00006-00004050-00004180": "Having acknowledged this problem,", "iUHslSxIHRo-00007-00004200-00004380": "the community askedFES", "iUHslSxIHRo-00008-00004400-00004650": "to help them improve their relationship with the forest", "iUHslSxIHRo-00009-00004700-00004850": "thus making it more symbiotic", "iUHslSxIHRo-00010-00004870-00005150": "and helping maintain an ecological balance."}}, {"audio_id": "iULPWNoeuO0", "text": {"iULPWNoeuO0-00000-00000000-00000200": "Hey we are BTS", "iULPWNoeuO0-00001-00000200-00000696": "How well we know each other", "iULPWNoeuO0-00002-00000696-00000766": "(Music plays)", "iULPWNoeuO0-00003-00000766-00001013": "whoever gets the most answers right wins", "iULPWNoeuO0-00004-00001013-00001213": "Okay so I'm the first one", "iULPWNoeuO0-00005-00001213-00001605": "who is my single biggest artistic influence", "iULPWNoeuO0-00006-00001605-00001701": "[J hope speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00007-00001701-00001822": "[RM speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00008-00001822-00002022": "V |Jungkook| jungkook", "iULPWNoeuO0-00009-00002022-00002118": "[RM] Jungkook (Nas)", "iULPWNoeuO0-00010-00002118-00002214": "[J hope] Nas like, Nas like", "iULPWNoeuO0-00011-00002214-00002335": "[All] Nas", "iULPWNoeuO0-00012-00002335-00002602": "He's been my idol for, like, decades.", "iULPWNoeuO0-00013-00002602-00002902": "He's got the best voice, the best lyrics.", "iULPWNoeuO0-00014-00002902-00003128": "[RM speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00015-00003128-00003328": "[Suga speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00016-00003328-00003528": "Rappers, I monkey filp 'em with the funky rhythm", "iULPWNoeuO0-00017-00003528-00003728": "I be kickin' , musician inflictin' composition of pain", "iULPWNoeuO0-00018-00003728-00003824": "[J hope exclaims]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00019-00003824-00004024": "I'm like Scarface...", "iULPWNoeuO0-00020-00004024-00004421": "[Suga speaking in Korean] [RM and Suga laugh]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00021-00004421-00004600": "[trumpet sound]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00022-00004600-00004996": "What is my best feature?   Feature.", "iULPWNoeuO0-00023-00004996-00005121": "[Jimin speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00024-00005121-00005192": "[RM speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00025-00005192-00005338": "Jin [Jimin speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00026-00005338-00005642": "Hot body. Uh, close.", "iULPWNoeuO0-00027-00005642-00005842": "Suga.", "iULPWNoeuO0-00028-00005842-00005901": "[Suga speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00029-00005901-00006001": "[RM speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00030-00006001-00006102": "J hope.Tall", "iULPWNoeuO0-00031-00006102-00006302": "[J hope speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00032-00006302-00006502": "[RM speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00033-00006502-00006598": "[All] Key. [V laugh]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00034-00006598-00006698": "It means height in korean.", "iULPWNoeuO0-00035-00006698-00007002": "[RM speaking in Tall]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00036-00007002-00007202": "Yes.", "iULPWNoeuO0-00037-00007202-00007499": "[RM speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00038-00007499-00007699": ", [J hope] . Yes", "iULPWNoeuO0-00039-00007699-00007899": "[RM speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00040-00007899-00008099": "[Suga speaking in korean] [Suga laughs]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00041-00008099-00008299": "[RM speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00042-00008299-00008499": "[RM] who's next? who's next?", "iULPWNoeuO0-00043-00008499-00008596": "[triumphant music]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00044-00008596-00008796": "So the question is, 'If I could re-record one song,", "iULPWNoeuO0-00045-00008796-00008996": "which would I chose to record?''", "iULPWNoeuO0-00046-00008996-00009092": "[RM speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00047-00009092-00009388": "[Jin speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00048-00009388-00009484": "[J ope speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00049-00009484-00009580": "[RM speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00050-00009580-00009780": "[Suga speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00051-00009780-00009980": "[BTS laugh ] [J hope exclaims]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00052-00009980-00010877": "[Suga speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00053-00010877-00011077": "[RM speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00054-00011077-00011574": "[Suga speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00055-00011574-00011774": "[RM speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00056-00011774-00012641": "[Suga speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00057-00012641-00012737": "-Next Question.", "iULPWNoeuO0-00058-00012737-00012833": "[trumpet sound]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00059-00012833-00013129": "What is something that makes yoongi cry?", "iULPWNoeuO0-00060-00013129-00013329": "-Oh , Yoongi.", "iULPWNoeuO0-00061-00013329-00013426": "[RM speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00062-00013426-00013521": "[Jimin speaking korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00063-00013521-00013617": "[Jungkook speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00064-00013617-00013818": "[suga speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00065-00013818-00014121": "[Jin speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00066-00014121-00014321": "[Suga speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00067-00014321-00014418": "[Jin speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00068-00014418-00014514": "[Suga speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00069-00014514-00014714": "-V[ V speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00070-00014714-00015111": "[Suga speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00071-00015111-00015311": "[RM] wasabi, [all laugh]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00072-00015311-00015407": "Wasabi.", "iULPWNoeuO0-00073-00015407-00015607": "[ V speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00074-00015607-00016403": "[Suga speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00075-00016403-00016604": "[Jimin speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00076-00016604-00016700": "[J hope exclaims]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00077-00016700-00016800": "[RM speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00078-00016800-00016850": ", Okay .Next person", "iULPWNoeuO0-00079-00016850-00017050": "I'm up, I'm up", "iULPWNoeuO0-00080-00017050-00017250": "Jhope.Jhope.", "iULPWNoeuO0-00081-00017250-00017450": "Let's go, let's go, let's go", "iULPWNoeuO0-00082-00017450-00017847": "what is my biggest fear? Okay.", "iULPWNoeuO0-00083-00017847-00017943": "Okay, Okay", "iULPWNoeuO0-00084-00017943-00018143": "[RM speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00085-00018143-00018239": "Jin. [Jin speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00086-00018239-00018535": "[J hope exclaims]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00087-00018535-00018631": "Oh, no", "iULPWNoeuO0-00088-00018631-00018702": "JK.Jimin", "iULPWNoeuO0-00089-00018743-00018793": "[Jimin speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00090-00018885-00018944": "[J hope speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00091-00018985-00019089": "No.", "iULPWNoeuO0-00092-00019089-00019139": "Suga.[Suga speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00093-00019139-00019235": "No .Jk,JK", "iULPWNoeuO0-00094-00019235-00019331": "[Jungkook speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00095-00019331-00019427": ",No.", "iULPWNoeuO0-00096-00019427-00019627": "[J hope speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00097-00019627-00019827": "jin .[Jin speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00098-00019827-00019924": "No.", "iULPWNoeuO0-00099-00019924-00020020": "Okay okay . RM", "iULPWNoeuO0-00100-00020020-00020116": "[RM speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00101-00020116-00020316": "[J hope speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00102-00020316-00020412": "[members exclaim]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00103-00020412-00020508": "[Jungkook speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00104-00020508-00020604": "No.", "iULPWNoeuO0-00105-00020604-00020787": "Jimin.", "iULPWNoeuO0-00106-00020787-00021004": "[J hope speaking in korean] [Jimin speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00107-00021004-00021100": "[J hope speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00108-00021100-00021300": ", My future[J hope laugh]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00109-00021300-00021500": ",Oh.", "iULPWNoeuO0-00110-00021500-00021700": "[Jimin speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00111-00021700-00021796": "[Suga  speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00112-00021796-00021896": "[Jungkook speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00113-00021896-00022143": "[Suga speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00114-00022143-00023139": "[J hope speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00115-00023139-00023235": "[Jimin speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00116-00023235-00023331": "[RM speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00117-00023331-00023427": "[J hope laugh]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00118-00023427-00023627": "[trumpet sounds]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00119-00023627-00024424": ", Okay, what one word would I choose to describe myself?", "iULPWNoeuO0-00120-00024424-00024520": "[Jin speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00121-00024520-00024720": ",Jin .Okay", "iULPWNoeuO0-00122-00024720-00024816": "Hope", "iULPWNoeuO0-00123-00024816-00025408": "[All] J hope [members clap]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00124-00025408-00025608": "[RM speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00125-00025608-00026005": "[Jimin speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00126-00026005-00026205": "[music]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00127-00026205-00026405": "Okay, First question. What is my life motto?", "iULPWNoeuO0-00128-00026405-00026501": "Jin.", "iULPWNoeuO0-00129-00026501-00026701": "[Jimin speaks in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00130-00026701-00026797": "[V speaks in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00131-00026797-00026893": "[Jngkook] JK.", "iULPWNoeuO0-00132-00026893-00026989": "[Jin speaks in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00133-00026989-00027189": "My father is my life", "iULPWNoeuO0-00134-00027189-00027389": "J hope[Jhope speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00135-00027389-00027589": "[V speaks in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00136-00027589-00027789": "[Jungkook speaks in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00137-00027789-00028186": "[V speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00138-00028186-00028386": "[BTS exclaims]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00139-00028386-00028983": "[V speaks in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00140-00028983-00029775": "[BTS exclaims] [J hope speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00141-00029775-00029975": "[RM speaks in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00142-00029975-00030272": "[trumpet sound]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00143-00030272-00030968": "When did I first realize that I was famous?", "iULPWNoeuO0-00144-00030968-00031064": "Yeah, I know.", "iULPWNoeuO0-00145-00031064-00031160": "Okay", "iULPWNoeuO0-00146-00031160-00031360": "[Jungkook speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00147-00031360-00031456": "No [Jin] yes", "iULPWNoeuO0-00148-00031456-00031552": "[Jungkook speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00149-00031552-00031752": "No,", "iULPWNoeuO0-00150-00031752-00031848": "[RM speaks in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00151-00031848-00031944": "[J hope speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00152-00031944-00032144": "Jin,[Jin speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00153-00032144-00032240": "[V speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00154-00032240-00032336": "[Jin  speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00155-00032336-00032432": ", No", "iULPWNoeuO0-00156-00032432-00032632": "[V speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00157-00032632-00032728": "[V],No.", "iULPWNoeuO0-00158-00032728-00032928": "[Jimin speaks in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00159-00032928-00033024": "Debut.No", "iULPWNoeuO0-00160-00033024-00033224": "Army? No.", "iULPWNoeuO0-00161-00033224-00033325": "[Jungkook speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00162-00033375-00033420": "No.", "iULPWNoeuO0-00163-00033420-00033621": "[J hope speaks in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00164-00033621-00033821": "[Jin speaks in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00165-00033821-00034021": "[BTS laugh] [Jin speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00166-00034021-00034221": "[BTS claps]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00167-00034221-00034421": "[Jimin speaks in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00168-00034421-00034621": "[Jin speaks in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00169-00034621-00034821": "Okay, Next person", "iULPWNoeuO0-00170-00034821-00035318": "This is my turn. What do I talk about the most?", "iULPWNoeuO0-00171-00035318-00035518": "[Jimin speaks in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00172-00035518-00035718": "[V speaks in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00173-00035718-00035918": "V [Jimin] yeah?", "iULPWNoeuO0-00174-00035918-00036118": "[V speaks in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00175-00036515-00036715": "[Jin speaks in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00176-00036715-00037312": "[J hope speaks in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00177-00037312-00037512": "[V speaks in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00178-00037512-00037908": "[J hope speaks in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00179-00037908-00038108": "[BTS laugh]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00180-00038108-00038308": "[Suga speaking in english]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00181-00038308-00038508": "[Jin speaking in english]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00182-00038508-00038708": "[J hope speaking in english]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00183-00038708-00039105": "[Jimin speaking in english]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00184-00039105-00039305": "[J hope speaking in english]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00185-00039305-00040603": "[Suga speaking in korean] [BTs laugh]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00186-00040603-00040803": "[J hope speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00187-00040803-00041599": "[Jimin speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00188-00041599-00041799": "[trumpet sound]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00189-00041799-00042396": "What's one thing I beat everyone else at?", "iULPWNoeuO0-00190-00042396-00042596": "[V speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00191-00042596-00042796": "[RM speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00192-00042796-00042892": "[Jimin speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00193-00042892-00043092": "[J hope speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00194-00043092-00043292": "[V speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00195-00043292-00043492": "[RM speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00196-00043492-00043692": "[Jimin speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00197-00043739-00043889": "[Jungkook speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00198-00043889-00044089": "[Jimin speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00199-00044089-00044289": "[Jungkook speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00200-00044289-00044489": "V [laughs] [V speaking speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00201-00044489-00044986": "[J hope claps]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00202-00044986-00045787": "[J hope speaks in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00203-00045787-00046079": "[V speaks in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00204-00046079-00046279": "[BTS laugh]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00205-00046279-00046479": "Next question.", "iULPWNoeuO0-00206-00046675-00047176": "What is the one song that I cant resist dancing to when I hear it?", "iULPWNoeuO0-00207-00047176-00047572": "[Jin speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00208-00047572-00047772": "[Jimin speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00209-00047772-00047972": "Jimin,PTD", "iULPWNoeuO0-00210-00047972-00048469": "[Jungkook speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00211-00048469-00048669": "Okay, Girls Generation", "iULPWNoeuO0-00212-00048669-00048869": "[Jungkook speaking in korean] [RM laughs]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00213-00048869-00049069": "[Jin laugh]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00214-00049069-00049269": "Jimin, Jimin", "iULPWNoeuO0-00215-00049269-00049469": "[Jimin speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00216-00049469-00049669": "Suga Jin Jin", "iULPWNoeuO0-00217-00049669-00049869": "[Jin speaking in korean]", "iULPWNoeuO0-00218-00060364-00060965": "What's my favorite song to perform?", "iULPWNoeuO0-00219-00060965-00061165": "Okay, euphoria.", "iULPWNoeuO0-00220-00061361-00061861": "Okay, so what? Jimin on."}}, {"audio_id": "iUM6XiFvpzu", "text": {"iUM6XiFvpzu-00000-00000008-00000108": "Mr. President,", "iUM6XiFvpzu-00001-00000108-00000507": "Unfortunately, since before the inception of the Human Rights Council, the Baha'i International", "iUM6XiFvpzu-00002-00000507-00000883": "Community has been raising the violations inflicted upon the members of this religious", "iUM6XiFvpzu-00003-00000883-00001235": "community by the authorities of the Islamic Republic of Iran.", "iUM6XiFvpzu-00004-00001235-00001619": "This persecution is very well known to the International Community and was described", "iUM6XiFvpzu-00005-00001619-00002027": "by the former Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief, Mr. Heiner Bielefeldt,", "iUM6XiFvpzu-00006-00002027-00002461": "as being so severe and constant that it persisted from “cradle to grave”.", "iUM6XiFvpzu-00007-00002461-00002894": "As such, we would like to take this opportunity to pause for a moment and reflect on the fundamental", "iUM6XiFvpzu-00008-00002894-00003289": "reason behind this relentless targeting of the Baha’i community in Iran.", "iUM6XiFvpzu-00009-00003289-00003389": "Mr. President,", "iUM6XiFvpzu-00010-00003389-00003772": "Despite the claims of the authorities to the contrary, the sole reason for these human", "iUM6XiFvpzu-00011-00003772-00004119": "rights violations is that these Iranian believe in the Baha'i Faith.", "iUM6XiFvpzu-00012-00004119-00004612": "Among these beliefs are the assertions that economic prosperity can only occur when concord", "iUM6XiFvpzu-00013-00004612-00005053": "and societal cohesion is strengthened, and that this cannot be achieved without allowing", "iUM6XiFvpzu-00014-00005053-00005285": "for the contribution of men and women alike.", "iUM6XiFvpzu-00015-00005285-00005739": "In addition, these individuals believe that the natural environment is part of God’s", "iUM6XiFvpzu-00016-00005739-00006055": "creation, and, as such, we must respect and protect it.", "iUM6XiFvpzu-00017-00006055-00006533": "Baha'is also believe that all our activities and interactions must be defined by our conviction", "iUM6XiFvpzu-00018-00006533-00006753": "that humanity is fundamentally one.", "iUM6XiFvpzu-00019-00006753-00007118": "These profound tenets have prompted the Baha'is to work shoulder to shoulder with Iranians", "iUM6XiFvpzu-00020-00007118-00007530": "of all walks of life, and to contribute to the betterment of society around them, in", "iUM6XiFvpzu-00021-00007530-00007682": "spite of their suffering.", "iUM6XiFvpzu-00022-00007682-00008089": "Our question, Mr. President, is how blinding must the religious prejudice of a government", "iUM6XiFvpzu-00023-00008089-00008740": "be that they would seek to oppose such actions rather than welcoming them as a positive contribution", "iUM6XiFvpzu-00024-00008740-00008752": "to society?"}}, {"audio_id": "iV08r_vx49M", "text": {"iV08r_vx49M-00000-00005736-00006156": "Hi, welcome to the show. I'm your host, Nader Talebzadeh.", "iV08r_vx49M-00001-00006156-00006436": "It’s a pleasure to be with you.", "iV08r_vx49M-00002-00006436-00007068": "This is my first program on the show that will be with Dr. Jeremy salt.", "iV08r_vx49M-00003-00007136-00008100": "Jeremy salt is an associate professor of Middle Eastern history and politics, at Bilkent university in Ankara.", "iV08r_vx49M-00004-00008156-00008728": "He's also the author of several books,  including “Imperialism, Evangelism and the Ottoman Empire”", "iV08r_vx49M-00005-00008780-00009408": "and the unmaking of the Middle East, printed in the University of California.", "iV08r_vx49M-00006-00009420-00009888": "We`ll be also talking to Jeremy about several of his recent articles;", "iV08r_vx49M-00007-00009888-00010136": "one controversial one called “The Joke of the Century”,", "iV08r_vx49M-00008-00010136-00010424": "talking about the deal of the century of Trump.", "iV08r_vx49M-00009-00010424-00011060": "He goes on and talks about Yemen, the situation in Israel,", "iV08r_vx49M-00010-00011060-00011516": "with the article entitled “Does Israel Have a Death Wish?”.", "iV08r_vx49M-00011-00011568-00012080": "We will be talking about Syria, and we'll be talking about", "iV08r_vx49M-00012-00012080-00012584": "the hypocrisy of the West and the way it has reflected Syria", "iV08r_vx49M-00013-00012584-00012928": "and the fake news that has been coming out of Syria,", "iV08r_vx49M-00014-00012928-00013460": "and I'll be talking about why he left Australia to teach in Turkey", "iV08r_vx49M-00015-00013460-00013824": "and what the reception has been among the students.", "iV08r_vx49M-00016-00013824-00014060": "So, I hope you enjoy the show.", "iV08r_vx49M-00017-00015036-00015616": "He was a journalist for many years before studying and completing his PhD.", "iV08r_vx49M-00018-00015616-00016520": "He taught middle eastern history and politics in the department of Middle Eastern studies at the university of Melbourne and later moved to the department of politics,", "iV08r_vx49M-00019-00016520-00016808": "where he also taught Middle Eastern studies", "iV08r_vx49M-00020-00016808-00017332": "In the late 1980s he moved to Istanbul and taught for a year at Bosporus University", "iV08r_vx49M-00021-00017332-00017988": "before moving to the department of political science and public administration at Bilkent university in Ankara,", "iV08r_vx49M-00022-00017988-00018836": "there, he taught courses on the modern Middle East, on Turkey's place in the Muslim world and on propaganda, media and politics.", "iV08r_vx49M-00023-00018836-00019308": "Intermittently, he returned to Australia to teach at the University of Melbourne,", "iV08r_vx49M-00024-00019308-00019568": "he has published articles in numerous journals,", "iV08r_vx49M-00025-00019568-00020668": "including the Muslim World. Journal of Palestine Studies, Middle Eastern Studies, Third World Quarterly, Current History and Middle East Policy.", "iV08r_vx49M-00026-00020668-00020972": "he has a strong interest in late Ottoman history.", "iV08r_vx49M-00027-00020972-00021912": "His first book, 'Imperialism, Evangelism and the Ottoman Armenians 1878-1896 was published in 1993.", "iV08r_vx49M-00028-00021912-00022392": "Later this year the University of Utah Press  will be publishing 'The Last Ottoman Wars.", "iV08r_vx49M-00029-00022392-00023408": "The Human Cost 1878-1923.' in 2008 the University of California Press published his study of the modern Middle East,", "iV08r_vx49M-00030-00023408-00024064": "since the 19th century, 'The Unmaking of the Middle East. A History of Western Disorder in Arab Lands.'", "iV08r_vx49M-00031-00024064-00024768": "He is a frequent contributor to online journals, especially Palestine Chronicle and the American Herald Tribune.", "iV08r_vx49M-00032-00026548-00026672": "Hi Jeremy.", "iV08r_vx49M-00033-00026720-00026820": "Hi Nader.", "iV08r_vx49M-00034-00026820-00027000": "Okay, great!", "iV08r_vx49M-00035-00027008-00027324": "Where are? You in Australia or in Turkey?", "iV08r_vx49M-00036-00027324-00027464": "I am in Turkey.", "iV08r_vx49M-00037-00027464-00027800": "Great, thank you so much. I'm going to start off.", "iV08r_vx49M-00038-00028008-00028676": "It's a pleasure to have you on our first show, Dr. Salt and", "iV08r_vx49M-00039-00028727-00029016": "I want to start off by asking,", "iV08r_vx49M-00040-00029016-00029332": "why did you come all the way from Australia to Turkey to teach?", "iV08r_vx49M-00041-00029332-00029624": "What attracted you to this region right now?", "iV08r_vx49M-00042-00029683-00030000": "I've always been interested in this region I first came to the Middle East,", "iV08r_vx49M-00043-00030000-00030420": "when I was 21, or 22, a boy from Australia,", "iV08r_vx49M-00044-00030420-00030608": "I didn't want to go to London,", "iV08r_vx49M-00045-00030608-00030839": "because everyone already went to London.", "iV08r_vx49M-00046-00030839-00031076": ". I wanted to go somewhere different,", "iV08r_vx49M-00047-00031076-00031280": "and I was with a very good friend of mine,", "iV08r_vx49M-00048-00031280-00031504": "and it was his idea, “Lets go to Lebanon!”", "iV08r_vx49M-00049-00031504-00032044": "And I had actually not much an idea where Lebanon was or what it was.", "iV08r_vx49M-00050-00032044-00032324": "But that's where we ended up with little money.", "iV08r_vx49M-00051-00032324-00033004": "We were young and hopeful and not kind of worried at all about whatever traps that might fall into.", "iV08r_vx49M-00052-00033004-00033276": "So that began my relationship with the Middle East.", "iV08r_vx49M-00053-00033276-00033888": "Okay, I`m gonna pursue my next question,  as we're about the same age.", "iV08r_vx49M-00054-00033888-00034092": "So, I'm gonna ask you about……", "iV08r_vx49M-00055-00034092-00034960": "you are much younger than me, it`s very kindly to say so, I can see that I’m the older one-…", "iV08r_vx49M-00056-00034960-00035344": "when I speak to younger people there are certain questions that come to my mind", "iV08r_vx49M-00057-00035344-00035768": "but when I speak to older gentleman, and colleagues,", "iV08r_vx49M-00058-00035812-00036136": "the world is definitely changed and there are those", "iV08r_vx49M-00059-00036136-00036472": "who are into illuminating others. I`ve been reading your articles", "iV08r_vx49M-00060-00036472-00037216": "illuminating the situation in Syria, about what's going on with propaganda,", "iV08r_vx49M-00061-00037216-00037560": "the Western propaganda about the state of things.", "iV08r_vx49M-00062-00037560-00037884": "When was the shift?", "iV08r_vx49M-00063-00037884-00038568": "where everything became… where the lies of the media began?", "iV08r_vx49M-00064-00038568-00038916": "Where was the fault line where in the recent decades,", "iV08r_vx49M-00065-00038916-00039420": "would you say was the beginning of when everything started going haywire?", "iV08r_vx49M-00066-00039420-00039704": "I think this always… wait a minute!", "iV08r_vx49M-00067-00039704-00040264": "I taught a course, I taught a course on propaganda at my university in Turkey", "iV08r_vx49M-00068-00040264-00040740": "and the relationship between propaganda and media and politics", "iV08r_vx49M-00069-00040740-00041024": "and as long as I can remember,", "iV08r_vx49M-00070-00041052-00041356": "the Middle East is always been a propaganda story,", "iV08r_vx49M-00071-00041356-00041752": "going back to the first time I went to Beirut in the 1960s.", "iV08r_vx49M-00072-00041752-00042244": "Right, so it's, I'd say the difference is that this simply goes a lot worse,", "iV08r_vx49M-00073-00042244-00042648": "or right it's much cruder and more open than it was ever.", "iV08r_vx49M-00074-00042648-00042908": ". I'm not quite sure what would be the count of that,", "iV08r_vx49M-00075-00042908-00043156": "it might be technology, there's more of that.", "iV08r_vx49M-00076-00043156-00043668": "But the way that mass media has reported the Middle East,", "iV08r_vx49M-00077-00043668-00043964": "and obviously can't be described as proper reporting.", "iV08r_vx49M-00078-00043964-00044152": "It's fundamentally propaganda.", "iV08r_vx49M-00079-00044152-00044640": "When you read what is going on the ground,", "iV08r_vx49M-00080-00044684-00045036": "and then you compare that to what the media is reporting,", "iV08r_vx49M-00081-00045036-00045396": "there is such a gap between the two parts really can`t make.", "iV08r_vx49M-00082-00045396-00045964": "And of course, at a heart of all is particularly Palestine", "iV08r_vx49M-00083-00045964-00046216": "is concerned of course, is Israel.", "iV08r_vx49M-00084-00046268-00046924": ". […] There wasn`t much of an Israeli lobby back in the 1940s and in 1950s,", "iV08r_vx49M-00085-00046924-00047584": "but it's growing to phenomenal strength in the last 20s and 30s year. And so, in America, in particular,", "iV08r_vx49M-00086-00047584-00048100": "it's very difficult to move or to speak without putting yourself at risk,", "iV08r_vx49M-00087-00048100-00048464": "if you criticize as well. I think this is so hard.", "iV08r_vx49M-00088-00048536-00048864": "You have a very interesting article about Israel and", "iV08r_vx49M-00089-00048932-00049376": "it goes like that you point to the fact that", "iV08r_vx49M-00090-00049376-00050100": "Israel is nailing its own coffin and the time that does Israel have a death wish?", "iV08r_vx49M-00091-00050100-00050600": "? Many of us here in Iran also look at the way it's handling things,", "iV08r_vx49M-00092-00050600-00050920": "as if it's going towards a fatal suicide,", "iV08r_vx49M-00093-00050920-00051180": "why don`t you comment on that?", "iV08r_vx49M-00094-00051180-00051552": "Well the thing is that, that's not the way the Israeli see,", "iV08r_vx49M-00095-00051552-00052216": "of course, they're very confident that they can handle whatever problems come up.", "iV08r_vx49M-00096-00052216-00052900": "But if you look at the situation as developed over the last 30 or 40 years particularly since 1967,", "iV08r_vx49M-00097-00052900-00053284": "Israel has made many opportunities to make a peace in the Middle East,", "iV08r_vx49M-00098-00053284-00053467": "to make peace with Palestinians.", "iV08r_vx49M-00099-00053467-00053688": "The offers has come from Arab states", "iV08r_vx49M-00100-00053688-00053808": "They obviously come from Arab states", "iV08r_vx49M-00101-00053808-00054264": "every single one has either been ignored or dismissed out of hand.", "iV08r_vx49M-00102-00054264-00054536": "Now, from my point of view, being prudent,", "iV08r_vx49M-00103-00054536-00054820": ", I would think well the Israelis had nothing,", "iV08r_vx49M-00104-00054820-00055155": "they took a lot, so you should be getting out of what you have ahead,", "iV08r_vx49M-00105-00055155-00055440": "but they don`t do that. They want the whole thing.", "iV08r_vx49M-00106-00055440-00055600": "they want everything.", "iV08r_vx49M-00107-00055600-00056379": "And I think you can actually look at Israel's mentioned performance  since the 1970s it's kind of been a steady down to slide.", "iV08r_vx49M-00108-00056379-00056644": "It's not the state that it was in 1967,", "iV08r_vx49M-00109-00056644-00057060": "like its enemies have learned, its enemies are arming themselves.", "iV08r_vx49M-00110-00057060-00057355": "Hezbollah now is very threatening to Israel,", "iV08r_vx49M-00111-00057355-00057908": "I think if Israel starts another war, at the very least  it would be seriously damaged by Hezbollah", "iV08r_vx49M-00112-00057908-00058155": "to an extent it is never experienced before.", "iV08r_vx49M-00113-00058155-00058491": "So, there are many elements in this picture,", "iV08r_vx49M-00114-00058491-00058955": "but for me, why don't the Israelis, see like this,", "iV08r_vx49M-00115-00058955-00059367": "why don't they see that we had nothing.", "iV08r_vx49M-00116-00059367-00059852": "We've got so much already. Why don't they make a genuine peace?", "iV08r_vx49M-00117-00059852-00060252": "What is it? why do they go for broke, or why do they want everything?", "iV08r_vx49M-00118-00060252-00060604": "There's something very strange in my mind.", "iV08r_vx49M-00119-00060624-00060812": "What is your analysis of that?", "iV08r_vx49M-00120-00060812-00061467": "I mean, why is that obsession that they have, of not relenting to anything logical,", "iV08r_vx49M-00121-00061467-00061900": "or giving any credit to the original people of Palestine?", "iV08r_vx49M-00122-00061944-00062424": "Well the thing is both because it doesn't belong to the original people of Palestine,", "iV08r_vx49M-00123-00062455-00063244": "right, in their view. It belongs to us, you know, and we don't have to give away what is ours,", "iV08r_vx49M-00124-00063244-00063667": "it belongs to us. And I think it's very interesting that in this Deal of the Century,", "iV08r_vx49M-00125-00063667-00064176": "put forward by Jared Kushner is completely mechanical it's all about money,", "iV08r_vx49M-00126-00064176-00064484": "there's no upon understanding by Jared Kushner,", "iV08r_vx49M-00127-00064484-00064972": "that Palestine actually is the property of someone else, it was taken from them in 1948,", "iV08r_vx49M-00128-00064972-00065104": "he doesn't feel like that,", "iV08r_vx49M-00129-00065104-00065668": "because he's Jewish because he’s Zionist, believes that Palestine belongs to the Jewish people.", "iV08r_vx49M-00130-00065668-00066268": "And so, there's no kind of consciousness of Palestinian history, Palestinian ownership.", "iV08r_vx49M-00131-00066268-00066676": "No consciousness of the tremendous crimes that have been committed over the past 70 years.", "iV08r_vx49M-00132-00066676-00066960": "All of this is absent from his thinking,", "iV08r_vx49M-00133-00066960-00067664": "this just becomes a mechanical deal that will offer the Palestinians this much money and they accept it and will be end of it.", "iV08r_vx49M-00134-00067664-00068032": "it's not going to work like that. Not in my view, yeah.", "iV08r_vx49M-00135-00068044-00068672": "You've done a lot of work, and you`ve been contributing a lot about Syria.", "iV08r_vx49M-00136-00068732-00069208": "First of all, before I begin, I would like to ask you,", "iV08r_vx49M-00137-00069208-00069780": "is it frustrating as an academic and a journalist, and I think as an activist,", "iV08r_vx49M-00138-00069780-00070368": "the way the Western propaganda media has taken over the scene,", "iV08r_vx49M-00139-00070368-00071104": "how hopeful are you that the illuminating will increase the Western world?", "iV08r_vx49M-00140-00071204-00071920": "Well, yeah, it is of course very frustrating, because first of all for someone like me,", "iV08r_vx49M-00141-00071920-00072184": "it can be very hard to get published.", "iV08r_vx49M-00142-00072184-00072548": "I used to get paid on pace publishing in Australian media,", "iV08r_vx49M-00143-00072548-00073016": "but on a variety of subjects or identified articles, which will never be acknowledged,", "iV08r_vx49M-00144-00073016-00073800": "and then they would write back and say, this is not logical or  this is badly written they just wouldn't respond, and you would be completely ignored.", "iV08r_vx49M-00145-00073856-00074184": "So, in its own way it's more effective than the […],", "iV08r_vx49M-00146-00074240-00074492": "they don't have to lock you up that just ignore you,", "iV08r_vx49M-00147-00074492-00075264": "you know, and I think it's the fate of a lot of people,  certainly in Australia, people who have dissenting opinions,", "iV08r_vx49M-00148-00075264-00075420": "I mean we're not crazy.", "iV08r_vx49M-00149-00075420-00075604": "We have some experience we have some knowledge;", "iV08r_vx49M-00150-00075604-00076060": "we`re not pretending to know the truth we just  have something to contribute to the pool of knowledge,", "iV08r_vx49M-00151-00076060-00076244": "and you find something cut out,", "iV08r_vx49M-00152-00076244-00076888": "you know, and when this goes on in a long period of time,  of course the it's frustrating it's frustrating for many reasons.", "iV08r_vx49M-00153-00076888-00077488": "Because I think that they really doing audience is entitled to better deal,", "iV08r_vx49M-00154-00077488-00078176": "than they’re getting, they're invited to hear people  with more experience like many of these, they`re much more experienced than me,", "iV08r_vx49M-00155-00078176-00078844": "much more experienced particularly in Syria, you know, and they're not  invited into the mainstream in fact they're kept at a distance,", "iV08r_vx49M-00156-00078844-00079448": "because they disrupt the narrative, or  these people spend a lot of time, I mean I've only been to Syria,", "iV08r_vx49M-00157-00079448-00079992": "two or three times, I hadn`t been for a long time but I know people who have been going there regularly", "iV08r_vx49M-00158-00079992-00080676": "over many many decades, and in Australia, the media, quite frankly is not interested in what they have to say. Right.", "iV08r_vx49M-00159-00080676-00081208": "They keep dishing out the same kind of stories and from here,", "iV08r_vx49M-00160-00081208-00081784": "I can write and I can complain and I can say that whole is biased.", "iV08r_vx49M-00161-00081784-00082204": "You didn't include this information, and you might get reply.", "iV08r_vx49M-00162-00082204-00082612": "But fundamentally, they will kind if defect you that you won`t get in.", "iV08r_vx49M-00163-00082900-00083288": "so, I quite frankly I don't see this situation changing.", "iV08r_vx49M-00164-00083288-00083420": "I really don't.", "iV08r_vx49M-00165-00083420-00083748": "I think this situation will have to change on the ground in the Middle East,", "iV08r_vx49M-00166-00083748-00084196": "we have to be changed by the Middle actors, right,", "iV08r_vx49M-00167-00084196-00084608": "and then the outside world might change.", "iV08r_vx49M-00168-00084632-00084944": "Let me go to the question of Syria.", "iV08r_vx49M-00169-00084944-00085688": "I think Syria …, you use Syria as a very good example of showing Western hypocrisy.", "iV08r_vx49M-00170-00085688-00086272": ". you talk about the woman who was in charge of human rights.", "iV08r_vx49M-00171-00086272-00086760": "you talk about the White Helmets, you talked about the chemical attacks,", "iV08r_vx49M-00172-00086760-00087532": "you talk about many different things with the pretension of supporting human rights in Syria,", "iV08r_vx49M-00173-00087532-00087804": "whereas, it's just the opposite.", "iV08r_vx49M-00174-00087804-00088192": "Why is Syria a good example of Western hypocrisy?", "iV08r_vx49M-00175-00088284-00088652": "Well this obviously is not the only example.", "iV08r_vx49M-00176-00088652-00088840": "You know this has been going on as I said,", "iV08r_vx49M-00177-00088840-00089300": "all my adult life, you know, so, if you look in the last 20 years,", "iV08r_vx49M-00178-00089300-00089524": "we have other examples before us.", "iV08r_vx49M-00179-00089524-00090588": "we had the example of Iraq, which is of course outstanding as an example of  complete mendacity and lies told by the Western governments and accepted by media.", "iV08r_vx49M-00180-00090588-00091040": "If we think about Iraq. It was very obvious at the start,", "iV08r_vx49M-00181-00091040-00091424": "what they were saying about chemical weapons of mass destruction,", "iV08r_vx49M-00182-00091424-00092028": "could not be substantiated, there were false accusations and this was obvious I mean if you're a journalist,", "iV08r_vx49M-00183-00092028-00092236": "if you're trained to look into it,", "iV08r_vx49M-00184-00092236-00093152": "what you can find, you could see […] why the mainstream accepted it without exception?", "iV08r_vx49M-00185-00093152-00093528": "Bought this, why did they buy? And then they liked it.", "iV08r_vx49M-00186-00093528-00094072": "That is a bad example of propaganda. But it maybe an aberration.", "iV08r_vx49M-00187-00094072-00094568": "But then we move on to Libya, they're doing exactly the same thing again,", "iV08r_vx49M-00188-00094568-00094972": "they repeat the lies that have been told about Gaddafi,", "iV08r_vx49M-00189-00094972-00095500": "bombing his own people,  and all the rest of the stuff that you are familiar with.", "iV08r_vx49M-00190-00095500-00095768": "And then we move on to Syria.", "iV08r_vx49M-00191-00095768-00096060": "And it's the same thing again.", "iV08r_vx49M-00192-00096060-00096524": "So, there's a repetition, here there's obviously a kind of a conscious desire", "iV08r_vx49M-00193-00096524-00097368": "or a will to tell a certain narrative  and to ignore the contrary facts we are told about Syria,", "iV08r_vx49M-00194-00097368-00097884": "as you'll know that when this so called uprising began in the Daraa,", "iV08r_vx49M-00195-00097884-00098412": "that it was the Syrian military that began it all and started to shutting the unarmed demonstration,", "iV08r_vx49M-00196-00098412-00098848": "blah blah blah. And we know from the start that In Daraa,", "iV08r_vx49M-00197-00098848-00099192": ",   Right?  they were ready to go,", "iV08r_vx49M-00198-00099192-00099756": "and so, soldiers and police were being killed from the first week.", "iV08r_vx49M-00199-00099756-00099996": "Right? This is never reported on mainstream.", "iV08r_vx49M-00200-00099996-00100408": "And when we bring this up to date, regarding what is happening in Duma.", "iV08r_vx49M-00201-00100408-00100920": "And those extraordinary tunnels that were built under the city.", "iV08r_vx49M-00202-00100920-00101088": "Extraordinary! Extraordinary network!", "iV08r_vx49M-00203-00101088-00101356": "It was sophisticated engineering works.", "iV08r_vx49M-00204-00101356-00102036": "Who did this? The western media still is not interested in this, simply did not ask the questions.", "iV08r_vx49M-00205-00102036-00102932": "It didn't ask the questions about the chemical weapons attack in Ghouta in 2013 and apparently a large number of children who were killed.", "iV08r_vx49M-00206-00103520-00103859": "Let me ask about your Turkish students.", "iV08r_vx49M-00207-00103859-00104224": "Now, Turkey is an important country in this area.", "iV08r_vx49M-00208-00104224-00105044": "How did they respond to a person like yourself who was in a sense of whistleblower of what's going on in the West and what's their reception?", "iV08r_vx49M-00209-00105044-00105356": "What are you offering them that they might not know?", "iV08r_vx49M-00210-00105432-00106640": "As you know they are some students that are completely co-opted […]  by most of which is very critical from the beginning,", "iV08r_vx49M-00211-00106640-00106992": "you know, so I was teaching the Middle East at my university,", "iV08r_vx49M-00212-00106992-00107192": "and of course there's never any pressure on me.", "iV08r_vx49M-00213-00107192-00107396": "I was always free to say what I wanted.", "iV08r_vx49M-00214-00107396-00107668": "But I think for a lot of students, it was probably eye opener,", "iV08r_vx49M-00215-00107668-00107948": "and I'm not sure all of them actually welcomed them.", "iV08r_vx49M-00216-00107948-00108376": "You know when I was coming up with my understanding what was going on in Syria,", "iV08r_vx49M-00217-00108376-00108824": "which was a quite a distance from what they were reading in their media,", "iV08r_vx49M-00218-00108824-00109252": "but of course the good students and all are good students,", "iV08r_vx49M-00219-00109252-00109464": "you know they appreciate that, liked it, you know,", "iV08r_vx49M-00220-00109464-00109988": "you know and they will do the testing for themselves that is what he saying correct?", "iV08r_vx49M-00221-00109988-00110724": "yeah, so, I think it was good for them, good for them to have this alternative voice. Yeah.", "iV08r_vx49M-00222-00110759-00111800": "How strong is the networking of people  like yourself; academics, whistleblowers, illuminators worldwide?", "iV08r_vx49M-00223-00111800-00112244": "I mean, from the west, there's an increasing number, especially after 9/11,", "iV08r_vx49M-00224-00112244-00112676": "especially after false attack on Iraq is an increasing number in the US,", "iV08r_vx49M-00225-00112676-00113108": "and also in Europe, and also from your side, Australia.", "iV08r_vx49M-00226-00113108-00113500": "How well do you guys network with each other?", "iV08r_vx49M-00227-00113540-00114088": "You know, I'm not a networker. I'm not, I work actually by myself.", "iV08r_vx49M-00228-00114088-00114632": "I know people who do network, and they are doing very good in social media.", "iV08r_vx49M-00229-00114632-00115280": "But I don't do it, but I think the social media network is now globally quite extensive.", "iV08r_vx49M-00230-00115280-00116288": "And I think unfortunately for the mainstream media I think they've lost a lot of ground, because people have more opportunity than it ever had before, to look an alternative facts,", "iV08r_vx49M-00231-00116288-00116964": "alternative accounts, alternative narratives and match those up with what they are being told,", "iV08r_vx49M-00232-00116964-00117620": "and […] they're not stupid. You know, they can tell when they read it.", "iV08r_vx49M-00233-00117620-00118072": "So, I think that the media is just shooting itself in the foot,", "iV08r_vx49M-00234-00118072-00119016": "what it is doing, you know and I think, I mean, who reads newspapers these days, look really slopped.", "iV08r_vx49M-00235-00119016-00119783": "I'm not even sure that always people can reach media that makes sure to be clean.", "iV08r_vx49M-00236-00119848-00120132": "Let me go to the point of Iran.", "iV08r_vx49M-00237-00120156-00120980": "From where you're sitting and from where you're studying you just see the present US administration,", "iV08r_vx49M-00238-00120980-00121808": "having very definite aims towards Iran, which is sometimes schizophrenic,", "iV08r_vx49M-00239-00121808-00122016": "they play the good cop bad cop.", "iV08r_vx49M-00240-00122016-00122420": "They threaten Iran and then they, they asked for dialogue.", "iV08r_vx49M-00241-00122420-00122764": "How do you see or how do you evaluate this", "iV08r_vx49M-00242-00122764-00123448": "and what kind of future do you see with the way  the foreign policy is playing with Trump towards Iran?", "iV08r_vx49M-00243-00123448-00123788": "Well, if you actually look at this as a rational passion,", "iV08r_vx49M-00244-00123788-00124059": "what is the major problem with Iran?", "iV08r_vx49M-00245-00124059-00124552": "What? Ever since Rafsanjani's time, Iran has made many,", "iV08r_vx49M-00246-00124552-00125059": "many offers to the US, economically or politically.", "iV08r_vx49M-00247-00125059-00126032": "Every single one has been dismissed, or ignored or rejected, and Khatami,", "iV08r_vx49M-00248-00126032-00126372": "he was exactly what they wanted, and what they said they wanted.", "iV08r_vx49M-00249-00126372-00126676": "He was extremely modern, very civilized,", "iV08r_vx49M-00250-00126676-00127532": "this is the person as far as I can tell, I am willing to go in the front yard to reach to America,", "iV08r_vx49M-00251-00127532-00127832": "but they effectively slapped him in the face.", "iV08r_vx49M-00252-00127832-00128348": "Right. There is something very strange about this because when you think of it, what is the problem here?", "iV08r_vx49M-00253-00128348-00128868": "because Iran is a very conservative country, too God-fearing country, just like America.", "iV08r_vx49M-00254-00128868-00129320": "Right. It's got a lot to offer to United States. It`s got its own economic output,", "iV08r_vx49M-00255-00129320-00129576": "its oil, it's a road in Central Asia.", "iV08r_vx49M-00256-00129576-00130140": "It is a country that used to build relationships with other blocks and other countries.", "iV08r_vx49M-00257-00130140-00130408": "So, what is the problem? We know what the problems is.", "iV08r_vx49M-00258-00130408-00131412": "The problem is Israel. Israel is like a cork in the American foreign policy bottle.", "iV08r_vx49M-00259-00131480-00131636": "Nothing can get out.", "iV08r_vx49M-00260-00131636-00132280": "And influences the America’s thinking in everything […], from the Gulf,", "iV08r_vx49M-00261-00132280-00132860": "from international relations with Iran to Lebanon, to Iraq,", "iV08r_vx49M-00262-00132860-00133432": "it is Israel the bottom of all this, I'm not speaking in any conspiratorial way,", "iV08r_vx49M-00263-00133432-00133928": "but the importance of Israel in American foreign policy determination", "iV08r_vx49M-00264-00133928-00134336": "is not to be underestimated at all.", "iV08r_vx49M-00265-00134336-00134944": "Right. If you take Israel, if could imagine Israel out of the equation, what would the problem be?", "iV08r_vx49M-00266-00134944-00135188": "but there will be problem between Iran and Saudi Arabia,", "iV08r_vx49M-00267-00135188-00135656": "which is somehow psychotic about Iran - and it has been or has been as long as I can remember", "iV08r_vx49M-00268-00135656-00136500": "- but although the Israel`s out of the equation, what will be the problem?", "iV08r_vx49M-00269-00136500-00137224": "It`s Israeli. because Iran supports all the people and all the courses that stand up to Israel", "iV08r_vx49M-00270-00137224-00137736": "and Iran fundamentally is center of an axis of resistance in the Middle East,", "iV08r_vx49M-00271-00137736-00137988": "and Israel wants the ground to be clear.", "iV08r_vx49M-00272-00137988-00138408": "And this is kind of problem, which is Iran and its strategic alliance,", "iV08r_vx49M-00273-00138408-00139384": "as Syria, Hezbollah…so, the Americans, pushing against an immovable object,", "iV08r_vx49M-00274-00139384-00139924": "all the time, Israel thinks it can reshape the Middle East in its own interests.", "iV08r_vx49M-00275-00139924-00140504": "But this whole the Middle East is as old as thousands of years of existence,", "iV08r_vx49M-00276-00140504-00141100": "that Israel thinks it can bend the Middle East to do what it wants. So,", "iV08r_vx49M-00277-00141100-00141528": "This is not going to work and Americans don`t seem to realize this.", "iV08r_vx49M-00278-00141528-00142240": "Like if we take Iraq as an example when they invaded Iraq, in 2003,", "iV08r_vx49M-00279-00142240-00143212": "devastated the country, rewrote the constitution and talked about bringing democracy to Iraq. Oh!", "iV08r_vx49M-00280-00143212-00143532": "what a good idea!  You do realize, don't you think", "iV08r_vx49M-00281-00143532-00143932": "that the majority of the population is Shia Muslim? Right?", "iV08r_vx49M-00282-00143932-00144380": "And the Shia Muslims in Iraq got their own independent life.", "iV08r_vx49M-00283-00144380-00144672": "They've got ties with Iran and Southern Lebanon,", "iV08r_vx49M-00284-00144672-00145208": "going back to centuries. family ties, religion ties", "iV08r_vx49M-00285-00145208-00146048": "and you think you're going to break that? you know the logic behind what they did is very hard to see.", "iV08r_vx49M-00286-00146048-00146648": "Of course, now they've got problems with Iraq, Iraq hasn`t worked out for them.", "iV08r_vx49M-00287-00146648-00147424": "They tried to set up the northern Kurdish region,  as I think as a strategic place of abolition that followed,", "iV08r_vx49M-00288-00147424-00147804": "until two years ago when Barzani throw on the referendum.", "iV08r_vx49M-00289-00147804-00148624": "Right. And they say they were seeking independence  and Iraqi government and Turkey and Iran shut them off.", "iV08r_vx49M-00290-00148624-00148968": "So, this is a blow to America and a blow to Israel.", "iV08r_vx49M-00291-00148968-00149588": "So, this is a fundamental is what you can call it kind of a failure to see clearly,", "iV08r_vx49M-00292-00149588-00150164": "kind of politic dissonancy that the American foreign policy made.", "iV08r_vx49M-00293-00150164-00150688": "Is there another point you would like to raise that has been", "iV08r_vx49M-00294-00150688-00151116": "- I've been asking different questions - that you'd like to point out the combination of the points", "iV08r_vx49M-00295-00151116-00151536": "of the bringing up the point that you think is pertinent to our show?", "iV08r_vx49M-00296-00151808-00152252": "We could go on and on, right?, about the Middle East.", "iV08r_vx49M-00297-00152252-00152804": "Right? But if we go back to our original issue which was the, the Deal of the Century,", "iV08r_vx49M-00298-00152804-00153116": "which I call the joke of the century,", "iV08r_vx49M-00299-00153116-00153448": "which might also record the worst deal of the century,", "iV08r_vx49M-00300-00153448-00154120": "it is so extraordinary that I could even come up with such a scheme", "iV08r_vx49M-00301-00154292-00155040": "that the minds in the State Department and Trump gave it to Jared Kushner but it's so extraordinary.", "iV08r_vx49M-00302-00155040-00155612": "What they`ve come up with, these awful and cheap", "iV08r_vx49M-00303-00155804-00156088": "plans to solve this situation in Palestine,", "iV08r_vx49M-00304-00156088-00156356": "and take it really as an insight into the thinking in America.", "iV08r_vx49M-00305-00156356-00156756": "You know you had asked question about how American foreign policy", "iV08r_vx49M-00306-00156756-00157128": "is now being fooled by a couple of delinquents,", "iV08r_vx49M-00307-00157128-00157472": "by Jared Kushner and his wife?", "iV08r_vx49M-00308-00157472-00157980": "why has he got the simple responsibility for resolving the middle east?", "iV08r_vx49M-00309-00157980-00158208": "I mean it’s beyond setup.", "iV08r_vx49M-00310-00158268-00159076": "what happened to the American foreign policy Foreign Service of the 1960s and 70s?", "iV08r_vx49M-00311-00159336-00160456": "I don’t agree with them but at least […] And their rational steps, […] These were sensible  people, they were professional people who have the national interests at heart.", "iV08r_vx49M-00312-00160456-00160940": "But look at what they're doing now, it's really quite extraordinary.", "iV08r_vx49M-00313-00160996-00161740": "I just reminded about a question that I've been always very,", "iV08r_vx49M-00314-00161740-00162012": "I've always seen the question of Yemen.", "iV08r_vx49M-00315-00162012-00163428": "In another show that we do and the role of the  US-Saudi-Emirates, in decimating Yemen, broad daylight.", "iV08r_vx49M-00316-00163428-00163692": "And you brought it up in one of your articles also,", "iV08r_vx49M-00317-00163692-00164760": "I mean anyone with clear conscious would talk about giving and also Yemen is really changing the scene they've been victorious in the south of Saudi Arabia,", "iV08r_vx49M-00318-00164760-00165592": "despite everything that they lack. many think  that Yemen is going to be a game changer. What do you think about that?", "iV08r_vx49M-00319-00165652-00165972": "Well, whole situation is extraordinary.", "iV08r_vx49M-00320-00165972-00166240": "I mean this is Mohammad bin Salman`s policy,", "iV08r_vx49M-00321-00166240-00166476": "everyone knows that. you see his idea.", "iV08r_vx49M-00322-00166476-00166852": "One of his many unsuccessful ideas.", "iV08r_vx49M-00323-00166852-00167360": "Right, and the Saudis, a bit like Anwar Sadat back in 1962.", "iV08r_vx49M-00324-00167360-00167744": "When the Egyptians went into Yemen and he said at that time", "iV08r_vx49M-00325-00167744-00168288": "“this would be a picnic by the Red Sea and it will be ended up in a few weeks”,", "iV08r_vx49M-00326-00168288-00169220": "and five years later, they were stuck and had to withdraw because […] . and that’s what Saudis said, I will fix this. And this would be quick.", "iV08r_vx49M-00327-00169220-00169688": "Now they stop, and the Yemenis (Houthi) are quite extraordinary.", "iV08r_vx49M-00328-00169720-00170488": "See these young men, kind of clamoring ones running up hills and kind of sharpshooters.", "iV08r_vx49M-00329-00170488-00170884": "They've taken the war across the boarder into Saudi Arabia and Saudis are suffering.", "iV08r_vx49M-00330-00170904-00171140": "And I don't think they can get out and they don't know how,", "iV08r_vx49M-00331-00171140-00171564": "but the thing to me is the attitude of the western governments,", "iV08r_vx49M-00332-00171600-00172444": "even by this murder, shocking murder in Istanbul and, pretty gruesome,", "iV08r_vx49M-00333-00172444-00173024": ", and yet they continue to sell weapons to Saudi Arabia,", "iV08r_vx49M-00334-00173024-00173328": "it's their weapons American weapons", "iV08r_vx49M-00335-00173328-00174044": "and British weapons that actually are killing Yemenis and thousands of children,  inducing the whole country to genocide, to the level of genocide.", "iV08r_vx49M-00336-00174044-00174516": "They don’t stopped. So, there's definitely something I miss here.", "iV08r_vx49M-00337-00174516-00174912": "It's not me. I don't think it's me or other people, criticizing.", "iV08r_vx49M-00338-00174912-00175036": "It`s you [Western Countries].", "iV08r_vx49M-00339-00175036-00175624": "You need to recalibrate what you're doing, because it's not moral, it's not legal.", "iV08r_vx49M-00340-00175624-00176136": "You might think it's successful politically because you can stop it,", "iV08r_vx49M-00341-00176136-00176368": "but it's pretty disgusting.", "iV08r_vx49M-00342-00176368-00176568": "You know, and we know that even in America,", "iV08r_vx49M-00343-00176568-00177216": "that the US Senate has tried to pass this past votes against arming Saudis.", "iV08r_vx49M-00344-00177216-00177876": "It's been blocked in the White House, because Trump wants to do business as usual.", "iV08r_vx49M-00345-00177876-00178652": "And overlooking the pressure for Khashoqchi in Istanbul.", "iV08r_vx49M-00346-00178652-00179136": ". It's terrible. really! Where are the principles?", "iV08r_vx49M-00347-00179136-00179800": "Where’s morality? Where's legality, where's the compassion? how can you do this,", "iV08r_vx49M-00348-00179800-00180452": "how can a human being, right? with a normal sense of compassion of normal heart.", "iV08r_vx49M-00349-00180452-00180736": "Look at what's going on in Yemen.", "iV08r_vx49M-00350-00180736-00181236": "And actually, not just allowed to continue, but to make sure it continues.", "iV08r_vx49M-00351-00181236-00181712": "You know, what can we say about this really? Yeah.", "iV08r_vx49M-00352-00181784-00182520": "Jeremy, I thank you for speaking with us. But I, all the way through the interview", "iV08r_vx49M-00353-00182520-00183124": "I was thinking would have been so much nicer if we had you in person, In Tehran.", "iV08r_vx49M-00354-00183124-00183724": "Where your face will not break up where your voice  would not break up, because you'd be here in presence.", "iV08r_vx49M-00355-00183724-00184392": "And I couldn't get over the fact that you're not that far away. I mean, you're not that far away!", "iV08r_vx49M-00356-00184392-00185136": "No, I've not been closer to Iran and I could come. Yeah,", "iV08r_vx49M-00357-00185160-00185456": "Okay, wonderful. Thank you so much.", "iV08r_vx49M-00358-00185456-00185996": "There are many many questions that I have mind but I let them rest because we'll get this program,", "iV08r_vx49M-00359-00185996-00187032": "edited and then we can talk about further things  and maybe further plans to have a better sitting with better reception.", "iV08r_vx49M-00360-00187032-00187812": "Every time I`m really taking back by the knowledge of guests, such as you.", "iV08r_vx49M-00361-00187812-00188292": "And also, you've been below the radar and I'm sorry I missed you all these years.", "iV08r_vx49M-00362-00188292-00188784": "But I'm very happy that we have you on this show right now,", "iV08r_vx49M-00363-00188784-00189276": "and hope to have another interview in person. We'll work that out sometimes.", "iV08r_vx49M-00364-00189276-00189564": "Okay Nader. Nice to meet you. Take care Bye", "iV08r_vx49M-00365-00190596-00190872": "Ok, thank you very much for watching the program.", "iV08r_vx49M-00366-00190872-00190996": "I hope you enjoyed it.", "iV08r_vx49M-00367-00190996-00191120": "See you next week."}}, {"audio_id": "iV0LfowikXA", "text": {"iV0LfowikXA-00000-00000120-00000827": "hello again and welcome to another episode of High Times today's episode of high times", "iV0LfowikXA-00001-00000827-00001704": "we sampling Atomic sour grapefruit chemistry the half gram pre-roll it's an Indica strain", "iV0LfowikXA-00002-00001836-00002460": "20.2 percent THC 0 CBD so let's take midwif", "iV0LfowikXA-00003-00003090-00003918": "it kind of smells like a sour version of bubble gum if that makes any sense to", "iV0LfowikXA-00004-00003918-00004716": "people you know I know it makes sense um to my generation that we're you know born in the 80s", "iV0LfowikXA-00005-00004776-00005412": "you know teenagers in the 90s you know had that uh", "iV0LfowikXA-00006-00005592-00006360": "Old Government as popular in ladies early 90s that time frame you know so take that because", "iV0LfowikXA-00007-00006414-00007080": "and make it kind of like really sour into that sweet taste that it has that people are familiar", "iV0LfowikXA-00008-00007080-00007656": "with that's what smells like Gateway so let's spark this bad boy up and see what it's all about", "iV0LfowikXA-00009-00008250-00008472": "of course has a fuse on it", "iV0LfowikXA-00010-00008964-00009174": "nice roll job", "iV0LfowikXA-00011-00009528-00009804": "we need smokers remember to rotate the joint", "iV0LfowikXA-00012-00010014-00010140": "foreign", "iV0LfowikXA-00013-00011136-00011364": "ly", "iV0LfowikXA-00014-00011658-00012180": "noobs don't understand that until they start getting runs in the joint", "iV0LfowikXA-00015-00012294-00012606": "nobody likes to run in the joint", "iV0LfowikXA-00016-00013530-00014034": "can't taste like in a way but a little bit well tuned", "iV0LfowikXA-00017-00015197-00015641": "it doesn't take much to get the high car kicking in on this one", "iV0LfowikXA-00018-00017190-00017208": "foreign", "iV0LfowikXA-00019-00018168-00018528": "this one has been for moderate car factor to it", "iV0LfowikXA-00020-00018918-00019008": "but uh", "iV0LfowikXA-00021-00019320-00019764": "you can make it moist it's not as bad you know if you get more stuff", "iV0LfowikXA-00022-00020046-00020622": "chances are with this one you're gonna cough more on the dryer stuff a little obviously", "iV0LfowikXA-00023-00020622-00021240": "under normal circumstances you'll cough more on the dryer stuff some dense stuff you know but", "iV0LfowikXA-00024-00021474-00021804": "this one's particular this one getting it", "iV0LfowikXA-00025-00024276-00024900": "if you're gonna do fruit peels on this one I highly recommend but I don't be a great", "iV0LfowikXA-00026-00024978-00025140": "flavor addition to this one", "iV0LfowikXA-00027-00025452-00025758": "I know it sounds Oddball but", "iV0LfowikXA-00028-00025980-00026052": "I swear to God", "iV0LfowikXA-00029-00026418-00027048": "it's so tightly packed so it takes a little bit choked down this cheaper", "iV0LfowikXA-00030-00027324-00027462": "foreign", "iV0LfowikXA-00031-00027822-00028722": "terms like cheap choking on the Chiba", "iV0LfowikXA-00032-00029604-00029742": "the good thing about this one is", "iV0LfowikXA-00033-00029904-00030558": "doesn't make fraudia mentally I always I mean it doesn't make you feel three feet", "iV0LfowikXA-00034-00033648-00034566": "um you know it's just calming me down it's great for a mentally relaxation it's great for moot", "iV0LfowikXA-00035-00034770-00034836": "but", "iV0LfowikXA-00036-00035178-00035442": "it's gonna make you a little introverted in a way", "iV0LfowikXA-00037-00036000-00036570": "well in a way not necessarily don't want to be around people necessarily but", "iV0LfowikXA-00038-00036834-00036882": "foreign", "iV0LfowikXA-00039-00037284-00037578": "makes you want to be more of a listener and a doctor", "iV0LfowikXA-00040-00037698-00038202": "you want to sort the information instead of expelling it out you know", "iV0LfowikXA-00041-00038424-00038994": "let me give this one array of B yeah that means good you know it's a very standard issue but", "iV0LfowikXA-00042-00039120-00040026": "if it wasn't for this weird cough factor to it it'll be a bit different I admit it you know", "iV0LfowikXA-00043-00040122-00040524": "so I'm gonna leave it here for now I want to wish you all the best and stay baked everybody"}}, {"audio_id": "iV4P6KosmMM", "text": {"iV4P6KosmMM-00000-00000181-00000826": "Ensar: We’ve come to our favorite organic cultivation effort in Thailand.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00001-00000826-00001469": "This is where Oud Yusuf was distilled from trees that were never cut down.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00002-00001469-00002333": "All our artisan does is injure the trees so the resin is triggered then he only merely", "iV4P6KosmMM-00003-00002333-00003071": "cuts out the resinated portions allowing the tree to thrive and further grow and yield", "iV4P6KosmMM-00004-00003071-00003171": "more resin.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00005-00003171-00003918": "As you can see here, what we've done here is drill a hole.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00006-00003918-00004676": "This triggers the infection and the resin emission inside the trunk and then gently", "iV4P6KosmMM-00007-00004676-00005123": "what he does is carve and chisel all the resinated portions.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00008-00005123-00005510": "You can see how the resin here has a unique reddish hue.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00009-00005510-00005809": "If you can zoom in here you can see.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00010-00005809-00006089": "This is clearer here in this one.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00011-00006089-00006282": "Take a look.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00012-00006282-00006604": "Look at that resin there.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00013-00006604-00006925": "It's like a reddish agarwood.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00014-00006925-00007756": "I had this Cambodian oud statue that I have on the website recently that had this same", "iV4P6KosmMM-00015-00007756-00008234": "color resin like a reddish resin.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00016-00008234-00008411": "It's incredible.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00017-00008411-00009182": "So when the tree becomes too sick to stand or when the trunk is totally permeated by", "iV4P6KosmMM-00018-00009182-00009889": "resin, what he does is simply shave off the infected and sickly portions allowing the", "iV4P6KosmMM-00019-00009889-00010063": "rest to further thrive.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00020-00010063-00010425": "You see we have a whole new trunk emanating from the base here.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00021-00010425-00010642": "Look how high up that goes.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00022-00010642-00011511": "And it's a young trunk that promises more agarwood and more resin.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00023-00011511-00012150": "Most farmers, all other farmers would have simply cut this trunk off.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00024-00012150-00012834": "It would have yielded whatever oil was inside this portion here and this whole trunk here", "iV4P6KosmMM-00025-00012834-00012981": "would have gone to waste.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00026-00012981-00013256": "Look at this.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00027-00013256-00013559": "This whole trunk here would have been wasted.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00028-00013559-00014041": "Look how tall that is and how thin.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00029-00014041-00014760": "This just moves me, this kind of dedication and love for this species of tree.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00030-00014760-00014862": "It's incredible.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00031-00014862-00015744": "So what happens is the tree slowly will heal itself by emitting the resin to fight off", "iV4P6KosmMM-00032-00015744-00015915": "the infestation.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00033-00015915-00016241": "Look here.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00034-00016241-00016897": "You see some nails here that have been put into the tree to induce resin just like the", "iV4P6KosmMM-00035-00016897-00017076": "drilling of the holes.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00036-00017076-00017265": "It's a beautiful thing.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00037-00017265-00017365": "Look at that.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00038-00017365-00017465": "Wow!", "iV4P6KosmMM-00039-00017465-00017565": "Ok look.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00040-00017565-00018533": "So what happens is that the tree slowly starts to heal itself.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00041-00018533-00019031": "Here we have some resin being given off.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00042-00019031-00020184": "He cut it out, made oil out of it which we've named Oud Yusuf after the most beautiful human", "iV4P6KosmMM-00043-00020184-00020768": "being that ever existed because truly it's the most beautiful oud oil I've ever smelled.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00044-00020768-00021032": "Now look what happened.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00045-00021032-00022015": "Look at this resin here.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00046-00022015-00022620": "This here is what we call kyen.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00047-00022620-00023086": "Kyen is brown, fully resinated heart wood.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00048-00023086-00023829": "What most distillers use in their oil distillation is white wood with the brown around the hole", "iV4P6KosmMM-00049-00023829-00024612": "that has been drilled in order to trigger the infection in the tree, to trigger the", "iV4P6KosmMM-00050-00024612-00025751": "oud resin…..Lots of things that bite around here….so this is what the tree looked like", "iV4P6KosmMM-00051-00025751-00026589": "further down the healing process.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00052-00026589-00027594": "This is one step closer to the healing process.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00053-00027594-00027788": "Right here.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00054-00027788-00029193": "You can now it's becoming brown.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00055-00029193-00032038": "And here the trunk has completely healed.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00056-00032038-00033019": "It has closed off the wound and it's right on the brink of complete recovery.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00057-00033019-00033595": "You can see a better illustration of that here if you look at this portion here.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00058-00033595-00034333": "Not only has the tree healed the natural heartwood but it actually formed a new skin.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00059-00034333-00034582": "The bark has been completely replaced.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00060-00034582-00035328": "So this is a fully healed agarwood tree that is now completely loaded with resin inside", "iV4P6KosmMM-00061-00035328-00035763": "the trunk as you can see if you look.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00062-00035763-00036045": "This is proper kyen.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00063-00036045-00036683": "This is the highest oil content in agarwood possible is in kyen heartwood.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00064-00036683-00037366": "As opposed to the incense grade outer shell which is used in incense and which is the", "iV4P6KosmMM-00065-00037366-00037913": "only kind which will sink in water which is not kyen which contains resin and not oil….Wow,", "iV4P6KosmMM-00066-00037913-00038338": "I just got bit by something!", "iV4P6KosmMM-00067-00038338-00038727": "That's incredible…", "iV4P6KosmMM-00068-00038727-00040283": "Look, if you come up here you can see more stages in the healing process of the tree.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00069-00040283-00041883": "(Ensar walks over to another tree nearby) This tree is completely healed.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00070-00041883-00048010": "And if you proceed further down this way you can see the holes inside the trunk that have", "iV4P6KosmMM-00071-00048010-00048265": "been injected with honey and hydrosol.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00072-00048265-00049212": "Right here are the holes that the farmer injects the honey to attract ants that will further", "iV4P6KosmMM-00073-00049212-00049808": "spread the disease inside the trunk.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00074-00049808-00050341": "The other holes, on the other hand if you look here, after the injection this is a very", "iV4P6KosmMM-00075-00050341-00050765": "strong and hardy tree, this has completely healed itself.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00076-00050765-00050986": "These holes are closed.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00077-00050986-00051300": "You see that.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00078-00051300-00051582": "So agarwood oil is a process of healing.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00079-00051582-00052126": "It's actually medicine which the tree emits inside itself to cure itself from a fateful", "iV4P6KosmMM-00080-00052126-00052226": "illness.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00081-00052226-00052432": "It's really incredible.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00082-00052432-00053190": "However it's quite dangerous out here with all the things that sting.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00083-00053190-00055388": "But I want to show you some trunks here that have completely healed and even put on some", "iV4P6KosmMM-00084-00055388-00056208": "new bark.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00085-00056208-00058328": "Now this tree has put on a proper bark out or is on the way to doing so.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00086-00058328-00058436": "Look.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00087-00058436-00059267": "He's carved the wood out into a hollow part inside the trunk as we saw down there in the", "iV4P6KosmMM-00088-00059267-00059367": "other trunks.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00089-00059367-00059644": "And here the trunk has fully cured and healed itself.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00090-00059644-00059833": "You see that.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00091-00059833-00060163": "And look at the ants.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00092-00060163-00060652": "The wound is slowly closing yet there is a hole inside which is triggering more and more", "iV4P6KosmMM-00093-00060652-00060869": "resin inside the tree.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00094-00060869-00061617": "This is a fully cured agarwood tree.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00095-00061617-00061979": "This is a beautiful thing to behold.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00096-00061979-00062350": "Look at this.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00097-00062350-00062488": "Look at this bark here.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00098-00062488-00063020": "It just merges into the rest of the uncut bark.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00099-00063020-00063694": "Look, this was cut before and even the actual heartwood was shaved out to make oil.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00100-00063694-00064204": "Now you see how it has grown and regenerated itself and is now one with the bark that wasn't", "iV4P6KosmMM-00101-00064204-00064670": "touched and all the holes are almost nearly completely closed.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00102-00064670-00064858": "You see that?", "iV4P6KosmMM-00103-00064858-00065370": "Yet the ants are there busy at their job.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00104-00065370-00066332": "{There are} more examples here.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00105-00066332-00067076": "This tree has not put on its new bark yet.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00106-00067076-00067569": "This seems to be slightly sicker than the other ones because we've had to cut off one", "iV4P6KosmMM-00107-00067569-00068168": "of the trunks here due to illness.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00108-00068168-00068483": "You can see it's almost on the way to putting on a new bark.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00109-00068483-00068705": "However, it seems to be rather sick.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00110-00068705-00069131": "You can see the color of the skin here.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00111-00069131-00069588": "It has like a greenish fungal kind of if you look at that.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00112-00069588-00070005": "If you zoom in here you see the fungus.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00113-00070005-00070294": "And look here.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00114-00070294-00070664": "This one is sick.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00115-00070664-00071628": "You see the disease has taken over this trunk and there are actually these grooves in there.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00116-00071628-00071766": "It's fighting.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00117-00071766-00072299": "We had to cut this one off, but look at the fungus.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00118-00072299-00072666": "You see that fungus on the trunk?", "iV4P6KosmMM-00119-00072666-00072766": "That's the disease.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00120-00072766-00072866": "Wow!", "iV4P6KosmMM-00121-00072866-00073280": "That's a tall trunk this is.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00122-00073280-00073685": "Look at that.", "iV4P6KosmMM-00123-00073685-00074598": "So here we have the unique agarwood grove used in the distillation of our most beautiful", "iV4P6KosmMM-00124-00074598-00075117": "and most ethically harvested and most beautifully distilled and crafted oud oil-Oud Yusuf."}}, {"audio_id": "iVHL6_WPQE0", "text": {"iVHL6_WPQE0-00000-00000126-00000326": "Noh,Kuida om nüüd?", "iVHL6_WPQE0-00001-00000326-00000526": "Annab olla?", "iVHL6_WPQE0-00002-00000526-00000726": "ei-jah...", "iVHL6_WPQE0-00003-00001146-00001346": "Jah!?", "iVHL6_WPQE0-00004-00001346-00001410": "Arst Olen!", "iVHL6_WPQE0-00005-00001410-00001610": "Jah!TulenTulen..", "iVHL6_WPQE0-00006-00001663-00001863": "Tere!!", "iVHL6_WPQE0-00007-00001863-00002063": "Kallis Tohtri Härra", "iVHL6_WPQE0-00008-00002063-00002263": "Tere Päevast.Proua Eestlane", "iVHL6_WPQE0-00009-00002263-00002463": "Palun,palun....", "iVHL6_WPQE0-00010-00002531-00002731": "Nii ?", "iVHL6_WPQE0-00011-00002731-00002887": "Mis Lahti ?", "iVHL6_WPQE0-00012-00002887-00003061": "Vanamehel", "iVHL6_WPQE0-00013-00003061-00003261": "Covid", "iVHL6_WPQE0-00014-00003394-00003594": "=Mitte hea", "iVHL6_WPQE0-00015-00003595-00003689": "A", "iVHL6_WPQE0-00016-00003689-00003889": "Ja-Ja....", "iVHL6_WPQE0-00017-00004725-00004925": "Ei-EI-EI!", "iVHL6_WPQE0-00018-00004975-00005089": "Hais.", "iVHL6_WPQE0-00019-00005089-00005289": "Mitte hea.", "iVHL6_WPQE0-00020-00006900-00007100": "Ni...", "iVHL6_WPQE0-00021-00007419-00007554": "Siin on Vaktsiin", "iVHL6_WPQE0-00022-00007554-00007676": "Ja Booster Shot", "iVHL6_WPQE0-00023-00007676-00007782": "Teed Kakskümmend süsti ja Kakskümmend Booster süsti.", "iVHL6_WPQE0-00024-00007782-00007932": "Ja asi Korras,Palun.", "iVHL6_WPQE0-00025-00008123-00008309": "Vaktsiin!", "iVHL6_WPQE0-00026-00008309-00008569": "Kakskümmend Süsti Iga Hommik", "iVHL6_WPQE0-00027-00008618-00008833": "Hommik ! Õhtu! Süst sisse!", "iVHL6_WPQE0-00028-00008836-00008919": "Igapäev?", "iVHL6_WPQE0-00029-00008919-00009108": "Ja!OMMIKUL 10 süsti!", "iVHL6_WPQE0-00030-00009108-00009308": "Ja Õhtul 10 Süsti+ Booster!?", "iVHL6_WPQE0-00031-00009308-00009508": "Või Lihtsalt süsti Koguaeg,Saate aru?", "iVHL6_WPQE0-00032-00009556-00009900": "Ja Kümmne päeva pärast,Mees tantsib..", "iVHL6_WPQE0-00033-00009900-00010100": "Tantsib?", "iVHL6_WPQE0-00034-00011147-00011347": "What?!", "iVHL6_WPQE0-00035-00012033-00012233": "Tantsid ka?", "iVHL6_WPQE0-00036-00012250-00012543": "Tantsin?Ja ikka..."}}, {"audio_id": "iVI-w62pgQY", "text": {"iVI-w62pgQY-00000-00000014-00000384": "As I discussed in my last videos platitudes are one of the things you should never use", "iVI-w62pgQY-00001-00000384-00000500": "in your marketing.", "iVI-w62pgQY-00002-00000500-00000990": "In fact even if you’ve been advertising for a long time, you’re probably using them.", "iVI-w62pgQY-00003-00000990-00001308": "Platitudes are words or phrases that are common and predictable.", "iVI-w62pgQY-00004-00001308-00001834": "Things like residential and commercial, conveniently located, experienced, board certified and", "iVI-w62pgQY-00005-00001834-00001934": "on and on.", "iVI-w62pgQY-00006-00001934-00002296": "I’m not saying you shouldn’t be or do these things, I’m saying is that they mean", "iVI-w62pgQY-00007-00002296-00002713": "nothing because they’re overused and everyone says them.", "iVI-w62pgQY-00008-00002713-00003359": "In this video let’s go over platitude evaluation #3 so you can see if you pass the test.", "iVI-w62pgQY-00009-00003359-00003617": "This evaluation is called the Cross Out Write-In Test.", "iVI-w62pgQY-00010-00003617-00004043": "For this evaluation, I’m going to have you cross out the name of your company in your", "iVI-w62pgQY-00011-00004043-00004518": "advertisement or website and then write in the name of your competitor.", "iVI-w62pgQY-00012-00004518-00004766": "Now tell me this, is the ad still valid?", "iVI-w62pgQY-00013-00004766-00005044": "If so, you’ve just failed the test.", "iVI-w62pgQY-00014-00005044-00005300": "For example, take a look at this attorney���s ad.", "iVI-w62pgQY-00015-00005300-00005764": "These are real ads, I’ve removed all the names and information to protect the innocent.", "iVI-w62pgQY-00016-00005764-00006235": "Let’s cross out Hatzenbihler and associates and put in Dowhy, Dowhy and Dowhy.", "iVI-w62pgQY-00017-00006235-00006443": "See, the ad is still valid.", "iVI-w62pgQY-00018-00006443-00006848": "These attorneys have all failed when it comes to marketing their practices.", "iVI-w62pgQY-00019-00006848-00007079": "They both say basically the same thing.", "iVI-w62pgQY-00020-00007079-00007667": "They might all be great or they might be terrible, but I can’t tell from their ads—it looks", "iVI-w62pgQY-00021-00007667-00007897": "to me like they’re all the same.", "iVI-w62pgQY-00022-00007897-00008434": "What about you, if you write the name of your nearest competitor on your website or ad would", "iVI-w62pgQY-00023-00008434-00008553": "it still be valid.", "iVI-w62pgQY-00024-00008553-00009050": "I’ll leave a link to watch the other videos about the other platitude evaluations.", "iVI-w62pgQY-00025-00009050-00009384": "Thanks for watching follow me or connect for more marketing tips."}}, {"audio_id": "iVVAXG2ufgE", "text": {"iVVAXG2ufgE-00000-00007130-00007488": "So SciCrunch first of all came out of a project called", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00001-00007488-00007709": "the Neuroscience Information Framework,", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00002-00007709-00007920": "and the Neuroscience Information Framework", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00003-00007920-00008396": "what basically did is it asked for us", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00004-00008396-00008890": "to put together all of the important information", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00005-00008890-00009295": "and the data from the different databases of anything", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00006-00009295-00009647": "that anyone would want to know about neuroscience.", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00007-00009647-00009810": "So we took on this task.", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00008-00009810-00009974": "We were at the lead institution", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00009-00009974-00010588": "at UCSD out of a five institution project,", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00010-00010588-00010910": "some of the other institutions were fairly famous ones as well,", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00011-00010910-00011337": "Harvard was one of them, Yale was another Caltech, etc.,", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00012-00011337-00011580": "and so what we were able to do is we were able", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00013-00011580-00011799": "to start putting together a system", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00014-00011799-00012212": "that would allow us to put a lot of data together,", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00015-00012212-00012458": "but one of the things that we were asked to do", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00016-00012458-00012671": "by the National Institutes of Health", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00017-00012671-00013067": "was to actually help researchers find antibodies,", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00018-00013067-00013307": "because it turned out that lots of people", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00019-00013307-00013488": "were looking for antibodies", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00020-00013488-00013674": "and this was kind of a waste of time,", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00021-00013674-00013901": "I mean why wouldn't people want to be able to", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00022-00013901-00014269": "just figure out which papers are using which antibody,", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00023-00014269-00014646": "so we were asked to do this as a way", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00024-00014646-00015225": "to essentially automate this process of antibody finding.", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00025-00015225-00015410": "While we were able to do many things,", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00026-00015410-00015657": "we completely failed at this task,", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00027-00015657-00015920": "and we completely failed at the task", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00028-00015920-00016108": "because the task was too hard,", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00029-00016108-00016616": "the information wasn't in the papers for us to find,", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00030-00016616-00017021": "so there was nothing that we could do with our algorithms", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00031-00017021-00017152": "or any of the fancy math", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00032-00017152-00017474": "that we could possibly bring to bear on this problem", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00033-00017474-00017648": "to actually put into the paper", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00034-00017648-00017928": "something that wasn't in the paper to begin with.", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00035-00017928-00018260": "So that is what actually started us trying to think", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00036-00018264-00018602": "about what are the ways that we could actually get", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00037-00018602-00018884": "journals to include additional data", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00038-00018884-00019244": "so that would help actually not only us", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00039-00019244-00019826": "to do this text mining task, but also help other readers", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00040-00019826-00020229": "of those papers to find the antibodies", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00041-00020229-00020621": "and that grew into all other kinds of research resources,", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00042-00020621-00021072": "so the mice, the flies, the cell lines,", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00043-00021072-00021292": "and of course antibodies and software tools,", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00044-00021292-00021515": "those are all the things that people were looking for", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00045-00021515-00021826": "that they couldn't find, they couldn't readily identify,", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00046-00021826-00022248": "but we thought, well, if we can get people", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00047-00022248-00022563": "to start to put in a little bit more of this information", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00048-00022563-00023118": "into the paper straight away, then we would be -", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00049-00023118-00023313": "the task would be much easier for us,", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00050-00023313-00023592": "but it would also be much easier for the readers.", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00051-00023592-00023961": "So how we got started is essentially", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00052-00023961-00024551": "again it was us failing to be able to find these antibodies,", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00053-00024551-00025057": "and then the second piece was how do we address this problem,", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00054-00025057-00025213": "and the way that we addressed the problem", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00055-00025213-00025546": "is we brought together a lot of the editors", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00056-00025546-00025782": "into a room and they said,", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00057-00025782-00026039": "well, here is a possible solution,", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00058-00026039-00026429": "but it is going to depend on having these indexes,", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00059-00026429-00026761": "so what an index is, is a whole list of numbers,", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00060-00026761-00027166": "so you can imagine this like your GenBank identifiers.", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00061-00027166-00027395": "In order to publish a genetic study,", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00062-00027395-00027673": "you need to find your GenBank identifier.", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00063-00027673-00027923": "If you want to make sure", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00064-00027923-00028167": "that you are talking about the same snip,", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00065-00028167-00028483": "you need to get an RS number for it.", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00066-00028483-00028663": "So, this is the same kind of thing.", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00067-00028663-00028964": "We just have a way of identifying mice,", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00068-00028964-00029186": "we have a way of identifying flies,", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00069-00029186-00029591": "we have a way of identifying antibodies, and cell lines,", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00070-00029591-00029970": "and when we started this, one of the things", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00071-00029970-00030370": "that the authors or the journal said", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00072-00030370-00030875": "is we can't send the author to 20 different databases,", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00073-00030875-00031067": "and we are going to need to do that.", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00074-00031067-00031288": "So what we would really need to do", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00075-00031288-00031782": "is bring all of these different databases into one place,", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00076-00031782-00032193": "we have one uniform way of accessing", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00077-00032193-00032563": "all of this different data, and one uniform display,", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00078-00032563-00032801": "so with our experience", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00079-00032801-00033057": "in the Neuroscience Information Framework,", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00080-00033057-00033347": "we were able to very quickly create a portal", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00081-00033347-00033614": "that would be able to actually do this", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00082-00033614-00033815": "and allow people to search across", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00083-00033815-00034023": "all this different kind of data,", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00084-00034023-00034200": "and when they are able to do that,", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00085-00034200-00034327": "they are usually able to", "iVVAXG2ufgE-00086-00034327-00034509": "complete the task fairly quickly."}}, {"audio_id": "iW9hpx3pAPc", "text": {"iW9hpx3pAPc-00000-00000016-00000960": "right then guys this is the unboxing of the mag core liquid 360r from msi", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00001-00001504-00001744": "so this is a new cooler i've just bought", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00002-00001864-00002384": "let's get the unboxing i'm going to do a full reveal on this item", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00003-00002632-00003088": "so because at the moment i've got a 280 rod i want to tell i want to", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00004-00003088-00003968": "show you what the difference is going from a 280 to a 360 rod so like this", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00005-00004184-00004688": "there's a tab right there so we've got this and we go", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00006-00004976-00005976": "like that and we go like okay so there we go right so", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00007-00006520-00006695": "oh right then", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00008-00007080-00007872": "okay so first you get quick installation guide which is basically this", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00009-00008168-00008584": "all right so that's all it basically tells you is we've got a qr code of a dragon center just", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00010-00008584-00009496": "tells you how to mount there where to mount the uh mounting brackets i'm assuming that msi will", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00011-00009496-00010120": "come out with the new 1700 lga from intel but we don't know they might probably end", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00012-00010120-00010944": "up coming when they weren't right so here is all the accessories so you've got thermal paste you've", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00013-00010944-00011456": "got noise reducer you've got your intel you've got your rising bracket which is right there", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00014-00011696-00012248": "this is the pump itself so radiator", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00015-00012600-00012856": "okay let's look at these fans first", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00016-00013280-00013719": "these are argb fans so yeah", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00017-00014144-00014808": "well they're quite nice here whoops sorry drop something wow they're quite nice", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00018-00014808-00015463": "oh look at that look they've got rgb around the ring inside so it comes with this three", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00019-00015463-00015912": "of these which are a rgb but the problem is this doesn't come with a controller", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00020-00016000-00017040": "so what it has got is kind of a splitter that is in here that puts them all together so", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00021-00017040-00017704": "you've got your retentions for here that is i'm assuming that's amd", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00022-00017848-00018696": "yeah indeed so you've got this thing right here just molex really who uses molex today", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00023-00018912-00019712": "the intel brackets you have draw doors amd you've got the threaded thing for that you've", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00024-00019712-00020408": "got this right here which is a fan splitter the fan splitter see that fan split there", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00025-00020528-00021568": "so it's not so bad so you can split all three fans into one four pin uh four pin pwm fan", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00026-00021568-00022240": "so just go direct to motherboard you've got this sound which is the silent it's the noise reducer", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00027-00022240-00022904": "so just in case the fans are a bit too noisy you can just reduce the noise i have used these", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00028-00022904-00023888": "i used these years ago the noise reducer or an old um old fans i bought i can't remember the name of", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00029-00023888-00024496": "the brand but they were all they were very old fans i think it might have been thermal tape i", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00030-00024496-00025384": "can't remember this you're talking at least at least a decade or so so i don't like the molex", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00031-00025656-00025727": "oh well i guess", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00032-00026000-00026383": "all right so this is the cooler so", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00033-00026672-00027295": "okay right so the only difference with this with any other cooler", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00034-00027295-00028032": "is that the pump is not here the pump is there see pump is right there", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00035-00028095-00028824": "this is the three point three pin header for that then you have got an argb head over here", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00036-00028824-00029456": "then you've got this little splitter which i'm assuming oh that's that's a five photo and", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00037-00029456-00029983": "assuming you plug the fans into this and then you kind of s there you go two of those that", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00038-00029983-00030983": "is the pump uh wow that is nice i like that the rotating thing oh wait wait wait look peel peel", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00039-00031800-00032000": "ah well i messed that up", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00040-00032304-00032976": "that's nice that's shiny back on for now so yeah that's the unboxing of the msi", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00041-00033032-00033928": "360r aio with a built-in pump in the radiator so uh look out for the review coming very soon", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00042-00034016-00034424": "this is richard from welsh tech i hope you have a good day don't forget to subscribe don't", "iW9hpx3pAPc-00043-00034424-00035184": "forget to like also don't forget to check out welchytech.com okay my personal website goodbye"}}, {"audio_id": "iWtnV0JMb54", "text": {"iWtnV0JMb54-00000-00000000-00011203": "Sub me plz!"}}, {"audio_id": "iWtumAmQnI0", "text": {"iWtumAmQnI0-00000-00000633-00000887": "Elander Lewis is a proud product of public education.", "iWtumAmQnI0-00001-00000996-00001784": "It was in public school where he was able to pursue sports, music, and academic endeavors and has since tasted success on many levels.", "iWtumAmQnI0-00002-00001876-00002330": "For me public education had been everything, I thrived because of teachers always", "iWtumAmQnI0-00003-00002431-00002664": "seeing something that I'm not sure I saw in myself.", "iWtumAmQnI0-00004-00002773-00002928": "Today he lives in Herndon,", "iWtumAmQnI0-00005-00002928-00003617": "Virginia and runs a successful IT services company, a far cry from the tenement housing where he grew up in Albany, New York.", "iWtumAmQnI0-00006-00003700-00004218": "His second grade teacher was Harriet Sanford, former CEO of the NEA Foundation. And", "iWtumAmQnI0-00007-00004255-00005003": "Elander credits Harriet and other teachers counselors, and principals for changing the trajectory of his life. As a child", "iWtumAmQnI0-00008-00005003-00005306": "I grew up in a very dysfunctional home with a", "iWtumAmQnI0-00009-00005353-00005819": "mom who had a dependency, and a dad who was abusive, in fact criminal.", "iWtumAmQnI0-00010-00005989-00006662": "My father was shot after being involved in a murder himself, and so at 7 years old 8 years old", "iWtumAmQnI0-00011-00006663-00006863": "my life was just in turmoil and", "iWtumAmQnI0-00012-00006901-00007217": "public school education was my salvation so to speak.", "iWtumAmQnI0-00013-00007375-00007554": "Arbor Hill elementary school,", "iWtumAmQnI0-00014-00007554-00008102": "Gale Elliott was the assistant principal and Harriet Sanford was my second grade teacher,", "iWtumAmQnI0-00015-00008211-00008765": "and at the time they couldn't have imagined all the things that were going on, but they were providing me a", "iWtumAmQnI0-00016-00008875-00009075": "belief, a", "iWtumAmQnI0-00017-00009118-00009545": "dream of what could be possible, and he did it through just nurturing,", "iWtumAmQnI0-00018-00009636-00009793": "encouragement,", "iWtumAmQnI0-00019-00009793-00009952": "love,", "iWtumAmQnI0-00020-00009952-00010713": "and certainly setting a higher standard of expectation in terms of what was possible academically, and so", "iWtumAmQnI0-00021-00010800-00011006": "because of that I started to believe that I could", "iWtumAmQnI0-00022-00011139-00011675": "live outside the existence of project walls, and crime, and abuse of households, and", "iWtumAmQnI0-00023-00011775-00012428": "started to dream that one day I will live somewhere else. I go from living in these project tenements, to today, I'm married", "iWtumAmQnI0-00024-00012493-00013161": "twenty-three years with three kids, and I live in the county that has the largest median income in the country, I never would", "iWtumAmQnI0-00025-00013166-00013366": "have imagined that.", "iWtumAmQnI0-00026-00013630-00014313": "Elander remembers in great detail how each teacher or educator influenced him in some way, whether it was modeling good behavior,", "iWtumAmQnI0-00027-00014373-00014633": "setting boundaries, or just seeing his potential.", "iWtumAmQnI0-00028-00014701-00015105": "I can remember Ms. Hayes as a fifth grade teacher at PS-24 in Albany, New York,", "iWtumAmQnI0-00029-00015216-00015397": "after", "iWtumAmQnI0-00030-00015397-00015611": "experiencing the death of my father the way we did,", "iWtumAmQnI0-00031-00015612-00015912": "I kind of resorted to some behavior that just wasn't", "iWtumAmQnI0-00032-00015912-00016338": "becoming work,or that anyone wants to deal with, in fact I think I was about to be kicked out of school", "iWtumAmQnI0-00033-00016369-00016944": "when she requested I become part of her class. And from there I become what I don't know if they have this any longer", "iWtumAmQnI0-00034-00016944-00017125": "I become AT student,", "iWtumAmQnI0-00035-00017125-00017325": "which is now kind of like an honors track.", "iWtumAmQnI0-00036-00017359-00017925": "But she saw something and she just kept feeding it. My music teacher Ms. Jan Antony,", "iWtumAmQnI0-00037-00017948-00018605": "I played the trombone and encouraged me to stay in band and believed in me, and through these elements of", "iWtumAmQnI0-00038-00018664-00018864": "all that public school had to offer, I", "iWtumAmQnI0-00039-00018931-00019458": "start to have this confidence about who I am, and this belief that started to become from within and had nothing to do with my", "iWtumAmQnI0-00040-00019476-00019976": "circumstances or whether I had the worst clothes, and lived in the worst house. My mom didn't make over eleven thousand dollars,", "iWtumAmQnI0-00041-00019976-00020507": "I thought I was somebody, and it was these teachers along the way and I could name", "iWtumAmQnI0-00042-00020601-00021146": "dozens of them because I remember them. You told me that your typing teacher did something for you.", "iWtumAmQnI0-00043-00021147-00021749": "Yeah, so Ms. Henry, who was my typing teacher and also my computers teacher.", "iWtumAmQnI0-00044-00021750-00021918": "I recently ran into her,", "iWtumAmQnI0-00045-00021918-00022545": "I was honored at an Albany City School District Hall of Fame for some some of my achievements in basketball, and", "iWtumAmQnI0-00046-00022560-00023003": "I go to church on the Sunday that I'm there and I run into Miss Henry, and I remember in", "iWtumAmQnI0-00047-00023095-00023295": "1984 or 1985 it was, I had", "iWtumAmQnI0-00048-00023365-00023942": "already taken her typing class and she insisted I take this computer class that she was teaching, and I and I was saying Ms.", "iWtumAmQnI0-00049-00023943-00024441": "Henry no, I don't want to do that, what are you what are you talking about, computers? Who uses computers? And", "iWtumAmQnI0-00050-00024573-00024884": "when I saw her that Sunday back in September we cried,", "iWtumAmQnI0-00051-00025009-00025229": "because she knew something", "iWtumAmQnI0-00052-00025229-00025619": "I didn't know, but I also, she said, you know Len you had the willingness to listen, and", "iWtumAmQnI0-00053-00025629-00026177": "you went kicking and screaming, I said Ms. Henry I owe my livelihood to you seeing something I didn't see.", "iWtumAmQnI0-00054-00026247-00026453": "Twenty-five years I've with a great life", "iWtumAmQnI0-00055-00026453-00026589": "my kids have gone some of the", "iWtumAmQnI0-00056-00026589-00026952": "best schools, and I have that opportunity afford it to me because of the way I make my living,", "iWtumAmQnI0-00057-00026998-00027258": "and miss Henry knew that in 1984-85. I", "iWtumAmQnI0-00058-00027589-00027800": "look back now and it boggles my mind,", "iWtumAmQnI0-00059-00027886-00028316": "living in project tenements oftentimes you have this hope and desire that's killed,", "iWtumAmQnI0-00060-00028387-00028629": "destroyed by what you see around you on a daily basis, so", "iWtumAmQnI0-00061-00028681-00029118": "you walk out and you run into somebody like a Harriet Sandford, or", "iWtumAmQnI0-00063-00029345-00030029": "Joann Coppola will see something in you it's hard for you to believe, but it's the last slither of hope if you will and", "iWtumAmQnI0-00064-00030088-00030654": "the more people that see it, the more people that give you hope, the more it grows inside of you, so there became a point", "iWtumAmQnI0-00065-00030694-00030868": "where I", "iWtumAmQnI0-00066-00030868-00031235": "expected that I was going to go to college. I expected that I was gonna get a degree. I", "iWtumAmQnI0-00067-00031345-00031892": "wrote a letter to my mother. I'm playing professional basketball in Halifax, Nova Scotia. I'm dating my now wife,", "iWtumAmQnI0-00068-00031969-00032517": "but I literally write out everything that's happening in my life at this moment. I tell her I'm gonna marry this woman,", "iWtumAmQnI0-00069-00032517-00033114": "I tell her you know, I'm gonna get a job in corporate America and I'm gonna live the fairytale", "iWtumAmQnI0-00070-00033190-00033352": "American dream, and", "iWtumAmQnI0-00071-00033352-00033929": "I said that like it was supposed to happen, and I think I owe that to all the people that have poured into me this", "iWtumAmQnI0-00072-00033961-00034608": "hope and nurtured me and built up in to me this belief that I can do anything if I put my mind to it,", "iWtumAmQnI0-00073-00034608-00035046": "I work at it. And so I will that 100% - public school education."}}, {"audio_id": "iWvoYUGj8I4", "text": {"iWvoYUGj8I4-00000-00000000-00000050": "This video is made possible by Audible.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00002-00000100-00000198": "This video is made possible by audible.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00003-00000198-00000470": "Get a free audio book of your choice from audible", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00004-00000470-00000860": "exclusively by going to audible.com/reallifelore in the description", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00005-00000860-00000910": "This is a map of the United States", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00006-00000910-00001092": "and hundreds of years of colonization", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00007-00001222-00001484": "and laws has made the country's geography pretty weird", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00008-00001484-00001636": "in more than just a few places.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00009-00001636-00001814": "Today, I'm going to show you a few maps", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00010-00001820-00002190": "that will change your perception of how you see this country and its place in the world.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00011-00002190-00002364": "First of all, South America:", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00012-00002364-00002770": "At first glance, it seems like South America is directly south of North America.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00013-00002770-00003140": "And while that's kind of the case, it's also not entirely accurate.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00014-00003140-00003668": "If we were to move South America up,  you'd find that nearly the entire continent is east of Florida.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00015-00003668-00004300": "And that the western most edge would only be about 380 miles west of the Azores, which are a part of Portugal.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00016-00004306-00004914": "Next up, if you had to guess right now which US state is closest to Africa, which one would you say?", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00017-00004914-00005536": "If you didn't say Maine, you're wrong but yeah, despite being in the Northeast and sharing a long border with Canada,", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00018-00005536-00006142": "If you draw a straight line across the ocean, you'll see that Maine is in fact, the closest state geographically to Africa.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00019-00006142-00006528": "Moving on next to Texas, there is a couple of weird things about this state.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00020-00006550-00006840": "First of all, this town that nobody has ever heard of, called Dalhart.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00021-00006890-00007440": "This town is located 485 miles away from Texan state capital of Austin.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00022-00007440-00008220": "Which means that Dalhart is actually closer to state capitals of New Mexico, Oklahoma, Colorado , Kansas, Nebraska and Wyoming.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00023-00008220-00008420": "Six other different states.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00024-00008444-00008644": "Another way to understand", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00025-00008644-00008694": "just how big", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00026-00008694-00008894": "Texas actually is is by", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00027-00008910-00008960": "taking a look", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00028-00008980-00009130": "at the city of El Paso located", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00029-00009144-00009270": "in the westernmost edge of the state.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00030-00009312-00009676": "If you a draw a line from here to the easternmost edge of Texas, and then", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00031-00009676-00009910": "move that line over to a point to the west,", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00032-00009910-00010190": "you'll see that the line goes past Los Angeles.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00033-00010190-00010406": "Meaning that LA is closer to El Paso", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00034-00010406-00010636": "then the other side of Texas is.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00035-00010652-00010906": "But LA itself is in a deceiving geographic", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00036-00010906-00011106": "location of its own.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00037-00011106-00011306": "You would think that since it's on the west coast", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00038-00011306-00011568": "it would be further west than most other U.S cities.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00039-00011568-00011808": "But that's not totally true either.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00040-00011810-00012220": "Reno, Nevada is actually located further west than LA is.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00041-00012234-00012538": "Which you would see when a line is drawn from Reno southwards.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00042-00012538-00013080": "And speaking of weird senses of latitude, here's some more examples that might mess with your head a little.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00043-00013100-00013268": "Austin, Texas is roughly on the", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00044-00013276-00013452": "same latitude as Cairo, Egypt.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00045-00013482-00013794": "New York City is roughly equal to Madrid in Spain.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00046-00013802-00013990": "Minneapolis is close to Venice.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00047-00014018-00014247": "Vancouver is almost equal to Paris.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00048-00014262-00014582": "And Calgary in Canada is almost equal to London.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00049-00014582-00014996": "The North American continent has much cooler temperatures on average than Europe does", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00050-00015010-00015213": "at higher latitudes like this.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00051-00015213-00015460": "Which is why this is a little confusing.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00052-00015463-00015702": "But perhaps equally confusing is what happens when", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00053-00015702-00015934": "you look at a globe and flip it on its side.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00054-00015934-00016322": "If you start at Mexico City and draw a straight line out of this direction,", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00055-00016322-00016778": "you'll be amazed to find how many other cities the line roughly matches up with.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00056-00016778-00017082": "For Mexico City, the line also goes through Atlanta,", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00057-00017082-00017300": "Washington D.C, New York City,", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00058-00017300-00017528": "Paris, and eventually Izmir in Turkey.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00059-00017528-00017748": "The perception is weird because we usually", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00060-00017748-00018174": "think of the world in terms of a map and not in terms of its true spherical shape.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00061-00018174-00018430": "The final geographic oddities in America that I'll be discussing", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00062-00018430-00018798": "in this video are located around the northern most parts of the country.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00063-00018848-00019068": "First up in this region is Detroit.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00064-00019068-00019334": "Where if you start to the downtown region and travel south,", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00065-00019356-00019596": "you'll end up pretty quickly in Canada.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00066-00019596-00019858": "If you head east you'll also end up in Canada.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00067-00019858-00020014": "If you go north, you'll end up in Lake Huron", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00068-00020030-00020284": "and then eventually, Canada again.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00069-00020286-00020594": "It's easy to end up in Canada while in Detroit,", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00070-00020616-00020858": "but it's even easier while in Point Roberts.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00071-00020886-00021182": "An ex-slave of the United States south of Vancouver.", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00072-00021182-00021564": "The only way to get from this part of America to the other part of America", "iWvoYUGj8I4-00073-00021580-00021842": "is by driving 25 miles through Canada."}}, {"audio_id": "iWBSuJc6Sno", "text": {"iWBSuJc6Sno-00000-00000772-00001344": "Hi. Welcome to this ELC self-study video. Today I'd like to talk about for and against essays", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00001-00001730-00001910": "In this type of essay, you have", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00002-00001910-00002328": "to present both negative and positive arguments of the topic you're discussing.", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00003-00002700-00003172": "Good planning is essential for writing a logical and convincing essay.", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00004-00003234-00003702": "In the planning stage, you should first narrow the broad topic to something specific,", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00005-00003768-00004342": "and then turn it into a question. You should ask yourself 'what is the issue?'", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00006-00004342-00004838": "and 'why is it important?' It is extremely difficult to write a deep", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00007-00004838-00005403": "and focussed essay on a general topic. The essay will be more manageable when you", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00008-00005403-00005966": "discuss a specific area. For example, if you want to write an essay", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00009-00005966-00006573": "on 'using technological devices', you could narrow your topic to 'health issues of", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00010-00006573-00007009": "using smart phones'. And you should then formulate a statement", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00011-00007009-00007158": "for discussion, like,", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00012-00007850-00008095": "Isn't that more straightforward?", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00013-00008564-00008915": "The next thing you need to do in the planning stage is find sources.", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00014-00009044-00009614": "You have to look for reliable, up-to-date and relevant information, such as journal", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00015-00009642-00010452": "articles, books and academic papers. Look for information that covers both sides of the topic.", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00016-00010904-00011174": "To make writing your essay easier, mark down", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00017-00011193-00011836": "the major points for and against your topic, as well as where you found the information.", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00018-00011836-00012532": "Use the table you have created from your sources to group similar points, as well as directly", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00019-00012532-00013109": "opposing points. This can form the basis of your paragraphs.", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00020-00013109-00013672": "This then gives you a clear picture of what you're going to write and also how many points", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00021-00013672-00014208": "you're going to discuss. You can also arrange these groups into a logical", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00022-00014208-00014502": "order so that your essay will flow better.", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00023-00015052-00015506": "Good question. The structure for a 'for and against' essay", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00024-00015506-00016151": "is actually not so different from other essays. It still has an Introduction, Body paragraphs", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00025-00016151-00016334": "and a Conclusion.", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00026-00016334-00017014": "First, try to answer the What, Why and How questions in your introduction.", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00027-00017014-00017572": "Give your readers a brief overview of the issue that the essay is going to discuss.", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00028-00017633-00018203": "A good introduction raises the readers' interest in reading the essay.", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00029-00018687-00019079": "Let's use the topic of smart phones as an example again.", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00030-00019240-00019866": "You can put the two points that support the statement first, and then the other two points", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00031-00019866-00020530": "that go against the statement next. Or you can have alternative for and against", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00032-00020530-00021010": "paragraphs, whichever fits and flows better for your topic.", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00033-00021606-00022074": "First, start with a topic sentence. Each paragraph in the body should have only", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00034-00022103-00022709": "one main idea, and you should use the first sentence to tell the reader what that is.", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00035-00022709-00023323": "Then you make the points supporting that idea, using supporting evidence for every single", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00036-00023323-00023766": "point you make. Supporting evidence is very important because", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00037-00023766-00024265": "it shows that your points are reasonable and logically correct.", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00038-00024265-00024909": "Finally, the last sentence should link the information in the paragraph back to the topic", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00039-00024909-00025329": "sentence so that the essay flows smoothly.", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00040-00025881-00026520": "In the Conclusion, you should summarise the main points in your essay and state your stance.", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00041-00026555-00027037": "Remember to explain what your own position is on the topic.", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00042-00027102-00027645": "Explain your opinion and also outline how your research supports your stance.", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00043-00027647-00028347": "Remember that there should be no new information in your conclusion, and no citations.", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00044-00028356-00028844": "Above all, try to leave your readers with a strong final impression.", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00045-00029194-00029676": "Oh, yes. Remember to write in academic style, write objectively, even if you are giving", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00046-00029719-00030131": "your own opinions and trying to persuade your readers.", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00047-00030131-00030480": "And use correct referencing when citing others' work.", "iWBSuJc6Sno-00048-00030480-00030772": "Well, that's all from me today. Bye!"}}, {"audio_id": "iWc_3-hn2XE", "text": {"iWc_3-hn2XE-00000-00000000-00000300": "[KOL199 | Tom Woods: The State’s Corruption of Private Law, or We Don’t Need No Legislature] TOM WOODS: The Tom Woods Show, episode 557.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00001-00000300-00001300": "INTRO: Prepare to set fire to the index card of allowable opinion.  Your daily dose of liberty education starts here, the Tom Woods Show.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00002-00001300-00001800": "TOM WOODS: Hey everybody.  Welcome to another episode of the show.  Stephan Kinsella is back with us again.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00003-00001800-00002600": "There are so many episode topics I could cover with Stephan Kinsella, and today we’re talking about law and legislation.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00004-00002600-00003700": "Is it possible to think of law other than as something that’s imposed from the top down by a bunch of legislators on society?", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00005-00003700-00004800": "That’s what we want to talk about because it’s important, has important ramifications, and I thought I haven’t done it yet.  Doggone it; it’s episode 557.  Let’s do it.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00006-00004800-00005500": "Stephan Kinsella is a libertarian legal theorist.  He has pioneered in the study of intellectual property.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00007-00005500-00006500": "I’m going to link to all kinds of material about Stephan at tomwoods.com/557.  You can find out more about him at stephankinsella.com.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00008-00006500-00007700": "Let me remind you because there’s been a little bit of confusion.  I am giving away a free autographed book.  You can look through my book selection at tomwoods.com/books.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00009-00007700-00008800": "I am giving away a free autographed and personalized book to people who buy gift subscriptions to libertyclassroom.com this year, only for gift subscriptions.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00010-00008800-00009700": "It’s like when you go to Chili’s, which I don’t recommend, but if you go to Chili’s and you buy a $25 gift card, they give you a $5 gift card, it’s that kind of principle.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00011-00009700-00010800": "So if you buy a gift, you get something for yourself.  So I probably won’t be able to get it to you before Christmas, so don’t think of it as a gift to give to your recipient.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00012-00010800-00011300": "You’ve already given your recipient a gift.  It’s enough giving for one person.  Keep the book for yourself.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00013-00011300-00011800": "So just get the subscription at libertyclassroom.com and just drop me a line at tomwoods.com.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00014-00011800-00012800": "Tell me what book you’d like, give me your address, and I’ll mail that baby right on out to you.  All right, let’s talk now to Stephan Kinsella.  Stephan, welcome back to the show.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00015-00012800-00012900": "STEPHAN KINSELLA: Thanks Tom, glad to be here.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00016-00012900-00014800": "TOM WOODS: This is a topic I get but I don’t fully get, and I say that as somebody who’s been a libertarian for a long time, and I want you to help us flesh out this topic of law and legislation as two different things that if we say that we don’t like legislation that doesn’t mean we don’t like law.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00017-00014800-00015800": "What do these things mean?  Can you have law without a centralized lawmaker that hands down authoritative statements that bind everybody in society?", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00018-00015800-00016200": "Is there another way of thinking about how law comes about?", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00019-00016200-00017700": "That’s what we want to look at today. We’re going to have a lot of links on the show notes page, so if this topic interests you, tomwoods.com/557 will have a whole bunch of stuff, some stuff by Stephan Kinsella, some stuff by Bruno Leoni and others.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00020-00017700-00019100": "All right, let’s set the stage here.  Let’s bear in mind that obviously as anarcho-capitalists we don’t see a role for a legislature to begin with, but that’s not the central claim that’s being made here.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00021-00019100-00020400": "I mean F.A. Hayek was not an anarchist, and yet he still spoke very favorably about what we might call judge – not judge-made law because that again sounds constructivist, but judge-discovered law.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00022-00020400-00020900": "Give me the two-minute bird’s eye view, and then we’re going to take it apart.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00023-00020900-00021900": "STEPHAN KINSELLA: Well, let’s go back to what the term law means and why we use law because the word law is used in the physical sciences, in physics, and it’s used in the social sciences as well in different ways.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00024-00021900-00023800": "I was just reading – listening to a great speech by a professor at Oxford about the famous scientist, James Clerk Maxwell, who’s a – I’m an electrical engineer background, so all double E’s, no Maxwell’s equations.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00025-00023800-00024600": "So Maxwell is like one of the top brilliant natural scientists of all history really.  I mean he’s up there with Einstein and Newton.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00026-00024600-00024800": "What he came up with in the 1800s was incredible.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00027-00024800-00026200": "He unified electromagnetism and light theory, and his father wanted him to be a lawyer, and he said, dad, I’m going to pursue another kind of law.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00028-00026200-00027200": "So I kind of like that because it shows that there’s this unifying idea of laws that we all search for in different realms of intellectual inquiry.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00029-00027200-00028000": "But the physical laws are one thing.  They’re physical laws you’re trying to discover according to the scientific method.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00030-00028000-00028700": "And then we have laws, like what people talk about normally as it’s against the law to do A, B, and C.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00031-00028700-00029600": "Nowadays, because we have a heavily, legally positivistic culture and I can explain what that means, most people nowadays think in those terms.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00032-00029600-00030900": "So they think of a law as a piece of paper with words on it that some legislature has written down what the law is just like people think of contracts, and I think we talked about this recently.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00033-00030900-00031800": "They think of contracts as a piece of paper with words on it that announce what the contract is.  So they identify the contract with the piece of paper.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00034-00031800-00032600": "They identify the law with what’s written down in a statute.  That’s what legislation is.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00035-00032600-00033100": "And sometimes you’ll hear the more simple-minded types talk about the law books, the law books.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00036-00033100-00034300": "You’ll hear these common law court nuts or the income tax conspiracy types who will say that it’s not illegal to pay income tax because show me the law books.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00037-00034300-00035800": "Show me the law.  So they’re equating in their minds law with what’s written down on a piece of paper that was published by some authoritative body, the legislature, or the king or maybe God or maybe the Bible, whatever.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00038-00035800-00036100": "So they’re thinking of law that way.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00039-00036100-00036500": "But this is not – and I think they think of that now because – and they didn’t used to, Tom.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00040-00036500-00037300": "And you know a way lot more about history than me, so you might be able to fill in some of my meanderings or gaps on this issue.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00041-00037300-00037800": "But the approach I like to take is this.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00042-00037800-00039500": "Law in terms of legal law, in terms of normative rules that humans come up with to help us get along with each other in society, and basically all laws are property rights that determine who can use resources that we could otherwise conflict over.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00043-00039500-00040100": "So the question is what should the law be, which means who should the owner be?  Who should win in this dispute?", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00044-00040100-00041300": "In older times, the conception of law was that there’s a sort of natural justice.  There’s a background of what we call higher law, and we’re trying to do justice.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00045-00041300-00043200": "So you have a judge or a court or a tribunal or an arbitral tribunal, someone who is appealed to because of their wisdom or their place in society, and the two or more contestants who have a dispute over who basically gets to own a given resource that’s in dispute – who’s going to get to own it?", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00046-00043200-00044000": "And then the job of the judge is to do justice, that is, to try to find the right answer, and they try to do this.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00047-00044000-00044500": "And over time, a body of law develops in a decentralized fashion.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00048-00044500-00046400": "Now, this happened historically, Tom, and the two major periods would be in the Roman law period roughly from -500 to 500 – from -500 A.D. to – or B.C. to 500 A.D. like the thousand-year period of the German – I’m sorry, the Roman empire.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00049-00046400-00047200": "And then the second period would be the English common law, which started developing around – I think probably around 1000, something like that.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00050-00047200-00048600": "And it borrowed partly from the Roman law, which was preserved in part because of the codifications by Emperor Justinian and preserved I think by the Muslims and the Arabs for quite awhile during the Dark Ages.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00051-00048600-00049300": "So basically we have these two great systems in the world of law – the Roman law and the English common law.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00052-00049300-00050800": "They are both systems which developed in a piecemeal, decentralized fashion, principles of law which were reached by an attempt by the people finding the rules to do justice.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00053-00050800-00052200": "It doesn’t mean it’s perfect.  It doesn’t mean it wasn’t tainted by state interference from time to time, but at least it was a system that arose out of the practical necessity of trying to resolve disputes in a fair manner.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00054-00052200-00054100": "So that’s what we have, these two big legal systems in the world: the common law, which is basically in place in England and its various commonwealths and the United States, and the civil law, which is the modern version of the Roman law in the European continental system.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00055-00054100-00055600": "Other systems would be Sharia law and the canon law of the Roman Catholic Church, and the law merchant of the, say, 700 years ago, and international law is another big field.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00056-00055600-00056400": "But the two big fields of private law in today’s modern world are common law and Roman law.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00057-00056400-00057100": "TOM WOODS: All right, let me ask you if this parallel works because in terms of how people understand these two models.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00058-00057100-00058400": "When I think about socialism and capitalism and the extent to which people understand how they work, I can see how socialism in the classical sense of state ownership of the means of production is an easy system to understand.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00059-00058400-00058600": "The state just directs production, period, simple.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00060-00058600-00059800": "It’s not so easy for the average person to understand how capitalism works, the price system, the structure of production, the decentralized nature of it, the role of entrepreneurship, the role of prices.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00061-00059800-00060100": "That’s more complicated for the average person.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00062-00060100-00061000": "They can see how order is imposed in the economy by one single entity in the form of socialism, but they don’t really understand how it works with capitalism.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00063-00061000-00061800": "Well, likewise, with law in society, I think it’s easy for people to understand how legislation works.  Lawmakers, so called, get together.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00064-00061800-00063200": "They issue some legislation.  They pass it into law, and it is imposed on all of us, whereas the decentralized kind of law that you’re talking about – it seems like it’s a series of decisions in particular cases.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00065-00063200-00064100": "How does that go from a series of decisions in particular cases to general principles that we live by?", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00066-00064100-00065500": "STEPHAN KINSELLA: Well, there’s partly a role of legal scholars here, so on the side you have the legal community, the law professors, the legal scholars who are analyzing the actual ongoing results of all of these decentralized decisions.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00067-00065500-00066200": "And they try to summarize them and provide guides for them and to explain what’s going on.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00068-00066200-00067500": "And when they notice inconsistencies in the law, they point it out and they basically nudge and they give criticisms, and these are taken into account by future judges and courts when they’re making further laws.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00069-00067500-00068800": "So there’s sort of a feedback effect, so you’ll have a respected treatise by Coke or by – and nowadays we have the American Law Institute restatements of the law.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00070-00068800-00069300": "And they will basically codify what’s gone before in non-legislative fashion.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00071-00069300-00070000": "It’s just a book, but it attempts to codify what is basically the essence of the law that’s developed, and they will suggest changes.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00072-00070000-00071100": "They’ll say there’s a discrepancy here.  There’s an unfairness here.  And sometimes that will get picked up in the future, and on occasion, legislation will come in, and they will adopt those changes.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00073-00071100-00071800": "The thing that’s happened is that, in the modern world – Hans-Herman Hoppe talks about this in his writings on democracy.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00074-00071800-00073000": "He talks about how there are different institutions in society that the modern state, especially the democratic state, tries to co-opt and take over.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00075-00073000-00074000": "You have communication.  You have defense and the courts and justice, education, and you – and welfare, and you have law.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00076-00074000-00075100": "And that basically means that when we have a democracy, you start having more and more law produced in the – by democracy.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00077-00075100-00076800": "Either the people vote or their representatives just decree things.  And over time, you have this body of private law, in Roman law or in the common law, and when I say Roman law I also mean the modern civil law in Europe.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00078-00076800-00078400": "The civil law basically was started around 1800 when Napoleon started codifying – he got legal experts together to codify in the form of civil codes the existing principles that had been developed over centuries…", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00079-00078400-00079500": "… with Roman law and with European law in between the time of the end of the Roman empire and the time of the beginning of the modern codifications.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00080-00079500-00080000": "It was basically an attempt to clear away the clutter, scientifically codify the law, and make it legislation too.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00081-00080000-00080800": "So you had that aspect of it, which is bad.  But it was at least an attempt to codify what had gone before.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00082-00080800-00083000": "So you have – the situation now is we have a private law system, which is based upon these organically bottom-up, decentralized legal decisions determined by legal experts and by neutral parties who were trying to do justice, trying to do the fair thing.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00083-00083000-00083700": "And over time, a body of rules emerges, and with the help of legal scholars, it gets cleaned up and sometimes revised.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00084-00083700-00085700": "But what’s happened since the emergence of democracy is that we’ve begun to have a sea of legislation, just legislation is just being issued left and right over the last 100 or more years by the modern western democracies, and they gradually encroach upon the territory of the existing private law.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00085-00085700-00086500": "They override it, and the law starts to take the form of just the edicts and decrees by a committee.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00086-00086500-00088200": "Even the US Constitution, which was a general document and which was based in part upon a lot of evolved principles from the British constitutional system, is still a piece of legislation as is the entire federal code as is the statutes of the states.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00087-00088200-00088700": "And these statutes – and in England this is happening too.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00088-00088700-00089100": "There’s more and more legislation that invades the territory of the common law.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00089-00089100-00090700": "And what that means is when someone goes to court to ask a judge to determine the outcome of this case, this dispute, in the older system, the judge at least was oriented towards trying to do justice.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00090-00090700-00091300": "So he would look at precedent, he would look at what the law had developed before, and he would try to do justice.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00091-00091300-00091800": "And he might make new law when he did that, or he might just respect old law when he did that.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00092-00091800-00092400": "But nowadays, the job of the judge is not to do justice.  The judge is more of a functionary.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00093-00092400-00093300": "He’s like a civil servant whose job it is to interpret words written down by another branch of the government whether those words are just or not.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00094-00093300-00094300": "So, for example, the big debate recently was over Obamacare, which is a purely – which is a pure creature of statute.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00095-00094300-00095800": "It’s just a statutory creation just like the Social Security Act and the Immigration Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act, all these statutes that could not exist without legislation and statutes.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00096-00095800-00097200": "And so the question came to be to interpret some of the words in that statute about the state exchanges and that – the whole legality of this Obamacare depended upon that.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00097-00097200-00099300": "The judges had to make a decision.  As John Hasnas points out in his great classic article “The Myth of the Rule of Law” where he uses some of the reasoning of the crits, the critical legal studies guys, who claim that a lot of law is really oriented towards achieving goals that are not really stated on the surface.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00098-00099300-00099500": "They’re not about justice.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00099-00099500-00099800": "His point is that a lot of law – there really is no objective answer.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00100-00099800-00100600": "When the judge is faced with construing a case, and this is especially so when he’s interpreting legislation.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00101-00100600-00101600": "If he’s trying to do justice in a common law context, he can resort to justice because that’s his job, and that’s the format of the common law that’s arisen.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00102-00101600-00101800": "It was trying to do justice.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00103-00101800-00103200": "But when his job is just to interpret words, then you can’t really blame the judge for just either punting or making an arbitrary decision or just going with what the words say, which may be totally unjust.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00104-00103200-00104000": "If the law says that the minimum sentence for the following non-crime is 35 years in prison, the judge has little discretion to do anything about that.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00105-00104000-00105000": "So his job is not to do justice anymore.  It’s just to interpret words written down on a piece of paper that came from another committee in the state.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00106-00105000-00105200": "TOM WOODS: All right, I want you to help me flesh this out in my mind here.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00107-00105200-00106900": "I’m going to give you an example of – let’s say we have a couple of different judges, and let’s say we’re not dealing with centuries and centuries ago, but we’re dealing with a society that is run according to these sorts of principles today.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00108-00106900-00108000": "Let’s imagine a society today, and in society today, of course, there are competing theories of justice, and there are competing views held by all different people.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00109-00108000-00108700": "And I think most people who go through official legal training today hold views of justice that are completely removed from my own.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00110-00108700-00110500": "So we’ve got two judges, and one of them says that a person who is working for an employer and is earning $3 an hour is, just from the point of view of equity, being mistreated, and therefore, we can bring damages against the employer.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00111-00110500-00111000": "Another judge says, hey, I have this case where somebody is being paid $3 an hour.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00112-00111000-00112300": "This was a voluntary decision that improves the lives of both people, so I uphold this arrangement.  How does a general principle binding us ever evolve out of this?", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00113-00112300-00112700": "STEPHAN KINSELLA: Well, okay, so I would say first let’s contrast it to what’s going on now.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00114-00112700-00113300": "In legislation, the legislature can just decree something.  It doesn’t have to conform to reality.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00115-00113300-00113700": "It doesn’t even have to be consistent with itself even.  There could be inconsistencies.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00116-00113700-00114000": "There can be vague terms, and often that’s done as part of the political bargain.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00117-00114000-00115000": "They will – the Republicans and Democrats will intentionally agree on a vague term and punt it to the courts to figure it out later just to get the law passed.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00118-00115000-00115600": "Okay, so that’s the whole process.  There’s no reason to expect that justice would arise from that.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00119-00115600-00116400": "There’s no reason to expect that those legislated – those acts of legislation, those statues would embody justice.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00120-00116400-00117100": "They might to the extent that they’re basically an attempt to codify what had been developed before.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00121-00117100-00119100": "But if we look at the free market and the decentralized system, we have to imagine that we live in a somewhat of a free society and that the reason people go to legislate – sorry, go to judges or courts or arbitrators to resolve a dispute is because they have a preference for justice themselves.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00122-00119100-00119900": "They have a dispute, but they know they all have their own argument for their dispute, and they don’t want to have a war with each other.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00123-00119900-00121500": "They want to live in some civilized fashion, so they’re going to try to do the reasonable thing, which is to submit their case to someone who is a neutral third party who can make a decision and so that they can go on with their lives.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00124-00121500-00123000": "That entire process supports and basically depends upon a more libertarian-ish view of the world because the only time you look for someone to resolve a dispute is when you’re opposed to disputes.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00125-00123000-00123500": "And the only time you have a dispute is when you both want to use a scarce resource.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00126-00123500-00124600": "So we basically have a propertarian conflict, and we have a desire on the parts of everyone – both parties, the court, and the community – that the right choice be respected.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00127-00124600-00125800": "So the way these common law courts work is if you pick someone who makes crazy decisions, then, over time, he will be ignored and not – he won’t get repeat business.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00128-00125800-00126100": "It’s almost an evolutionary thing.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00129-00126100-00127600": "So that’s part of it.  Also, the nature of the common law and of the Roman law before it was that the discretion or the ability of the law finder was very limited.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00130-00127600-00128600": "This is why you hear terms like – well, when you’re speaking out of turn in court.  If – it’s called obiter dicta.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00131-00128600-00130800": "If the judge, in the middle of the case, he’s deciding a case between John and James over who owns a cow, if he just has a paragraph in his opinion saying, and by the way, I believe that people should be taxed to support infirmities or something like that, that would be obiter dicta.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00132-00130800-00132000": "It would not affect parties that were not parties to the case.  It could not be general legislation, and if it was totally out of character, it would just be ignored by other judges.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00133-00132000-00132900": "These judges basically are trying to fit their decisions within the existing growing framework of justice that’s respected by everyone, and it does just happen to grow that way.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00134-00132900-00133700": "If you look at the body of the Roman law that existed near the end of the Roman Empire, or the body of the common law that existed at its height…", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00135-00133700-00134600": "… it’s a really impressive series of practical attempts to do justice to work out ways that people can live with each other in a world of conflict.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00136-00134600-00135900": "That’s the only way you could expect that it could be done.  It could not be done when the state gets involved or when a committee of legislators just get together and announce their will.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00137-00135900-00136800": "TOM WOODS: All right, I want to ask you about what happens when, let’s say, there’s a new technology, like society wide that everybody uses.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00138-00136800-00137500": "How could this type of system cope with that?  We’ll do that after this message.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00139-00137500-00137700": "I’m going to tell you a little story, and it involves Murray Rothbard and me.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00140-00137700-00138300": "When I was in college, I had to learn a lot of history on my own.  It was not going to be taught in the classroom.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00141-00138300-00139300": "Well, that’s a tall order for a young college student because how do I know what to study, where to study it, where to find what I was looking for?", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00142-00139300-00139900": "So, for instance, I wanted to know more about what happened to Robert Taft at the 1952 Republican convention.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00143-00139900-00140400": "Had the nomination really been stolen from him by the Eisenhower people?", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00144-00140400-00140900": "Well, the next time I saw Murray Rothbard, I just asked him.  What should I read about this?", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00145-00140900-00141500": "And he said, oh, read Chesly Manly’s book, The Twenty-Year Revolution, a book only Murray Rothbard even knew existed.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00146-00141500-00142500": "Now, most people can’t just go ask Murray Rothbard a question, and that’s why I created libertyclassroom.com so that you can learn the history that you should know.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00147-00142500-00143700": "You can learn the economics that you should know, and have at your disposal a whole slate of pro-liberty faculty, ready to answer your questions, and teach you at your leisure.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00148-00143700-00144400": "All our courses are downloadable for viewing or listening at any time you like.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00149-00144400-00144800": "You can learn US history from me.  You can learn the US Constitution from Kevin Gutzman.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00150-00144800-00146000": "You can learn Austrian economics from Jeff Herbener and, very soon, Bob Murphy, both guests of this program, and many other topics taught by many other awesome people plus so many other features.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00151-00146000-00146700": "Never lose another debate.  Maybe somebody should buy a subscription for that weasel, Michael Malice.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00152-00146700-00147600": "So treat yourself this Christmas at libertyclassroom.com, and as I said, if you buy a gift subscription for somebody, I’ll also send you a free autographed book.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00153-00147600-00148700": "Just write to me at tomwoods.com after you get that gift subscription, and I’ll send you whatever book you like, libertyclassroom.com, the history and economics they didn’t teach you.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00154-00148700-00149400": "All right, Stephan, I want to ask you.  Let’s say we’ve got something like the internet, which completely revolutionized society.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00155-00149400-00150800": "Doesn’t it seem as if it would be – I’m just playing devil’s advocate here, but doesn’t it seem as if it would be more efficient to have a centralized agency saying, okay, here are the rules we’re all going to abide by in using this new system?", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00156-00150800-00151000": "Doesn’t it seem like it would be slow and cumbersome?", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00157-00151000-00152200": "Would we have to all be standing around, waiting for the judges to reach a consensus haphazardly as cases are brought to them before we really know what the principles that we should be observing and using this technology are?", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00158-00152200-00153300": "STEPHAN KINSELLA: Well, I see no reason to think that.  First of all, as libertarians, our political system, our political principles are really pretty simple if you boil them down.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00159-00153300-00154400": "It’s whoever owns a resource first has the better claim to it unless you made a contract with regard to it, in which case you can lose ownership, or if you harm someone else and you owe them compensation.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00160-00154400-00155000": "So those basic principles can help determine the ownership of resources, which is the only disputes there can be.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00161-00155000-00156100": "As technology changes, there’s no reason to believe that these principles couldn’t adapt and be applied to new technological developments.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00162-00156100-00156700": "In fact, that is what has happened in the past until the state stepped in and short-circuited it.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00163-00156700-00157200": "So as a couple of examples – well, let’s take a recent example.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00164-00157200-00159500": "In the 1980s, Bill Clinton, if I’m remembering my history right, approved a couple of laws that kind of froze the internet’s current system into place with this DMCA system, this takedown system that we have now, also with the safe harbor provision, which talked about ISPs, internet service providers.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00165-00159500-00160400": "Now it’s being used by YouTube and others and blogs, which no one knew about YouTube or blogs back then, but we’re kind of stretching these concepts to cover that.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00166-00160400-00161800": "But the law is creaky, and it’s already out of date because it’s legislation, and legislation usually doesn’t have an expiration date except maybe I guess the security laws we have now have that luckily.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00167-00161800-00162600": "But most legislation doesn’t have a sunset provision, so it’s going to last forever until it’s updated, and then they don’t usually update it in time.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00168-00162600-00163300": "So legislation is the problem that freezes things in place in the face of technological change, and we can think of tons of examples.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00169-00163300-00164600": "The – at the dawn of the internet, common law was starting to evolve to take these things into account.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00170-00164600-00166700": "There’s a case.  I think it’s called Cubby v. CompuServe maybe from 1980s, and they – the courts were starting to use principles of common law trespass theory to analyze the right way to approach a case of a computer cyber hack, like if I hack into your computer, what is it?", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00171-00166700-00167600": "And so they were just using, stretching, bending, applying, analogizing the existing common law principles, and it was working fine.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00172-00167600-00169200": "I see no problem with that.  Earlier in the 20th century, when the electromagnetic spectrum was discovered and it as realized it could be used for communications, people started broadcasting television signals and radio signals, things like.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00173-00169200-00170400": "A common law was developing at that time that was going to – it was figuring out common law property rights in the electromagnetic spectrum…", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00174-00170400-00171900": "… and this is detailed, by the way, in the great book by David Kelley and Roger Donway called Laissez Parler, Freedom on the Electromagnetic Spectrum or something like that.  It’s one of David Kelley’s very nice little monographs.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00175-00171900-00173100": "But the FCC was created and came in and just monopolized everything and took it over, and now we have FCC with the fairness doctrine and all their other rules because they basically own the airwaves.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00176-00173100-00174800": "They took it over, and they dole it out as they see fit, and they impose rules on the users, the major television networks, can’t have certain curse words, etc. because the government has expropriated the ownership of the airwaves themselves so – by legislation.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00177-00174800-00175800": "So I would think that a better approach would be to let it develop according to the common law as it was doing just fine until the government intervened.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00178-00175800-00176800": "TOM WOODS: Wow.  I don’t generally say that the guests – you are just hitting my questions out of the park, but I didn’t expect you to have such a good answer to that, to be honest with you, and I’m sorry if that comes out wrong.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00179-00176800-00177300": "Stephan, how could you possibly have such a good answer?  But it was pretty darn good.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00180-00177300-00178900": "Now, earlier on, I made this comparison between socialism and capitalism, and I drew an analogy between legislator-made law and judge-discovered law in terms of how people understand how society works.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00181-00178900-00179600": "It’s easier to understand the centralized version than it is to see how the decentralized version could work, but I think the analogy can be taken even farther.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00182-00179600-00180900": "And, in fact, in your article on this that I’m going to link to at tomwoods.com/557, you actually run with the idea of legislation itself as being a form of central planning.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00183-00180900-00182300": "STEPHAN KINSELLA: Yes.  Now, that was an argument that Bruno – so Bruno Leoni was a brilliant Italian legal theorist, unfortunately murdered by one of his clients in his prime.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00184-00182300-00182566": "TOM WOODS: Is that what happened to him?", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00185-00182300-00182900": "STEPHAN KINSELLA: Yep.  When he was in his mid-to-late 40s, one of his clients murdered him, so very sad.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00186-00182900-00183500": "TOM WOODS: Wow.  I didn’t know anything about that.  Okay, so anyway, look at this.  Look, you’re taking over the whole show here with all your insights.  All right, go ahead.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00187-00183500-00183900": "STEPHAN KINSELLA: He stabbed him if I remember, but I’m not sure.  Anyway, it was a shame because he was so brilliant.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00188-00183900-00185200": "And what he did was he made an analogy between Hayek’s – the Hayekian version of the argument against socialism and made an analogy between that and legislation.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00189-00185200-00187000": "So basically Hayek – you know the Misesian ideas that socialism can’t work well because you need a private – you need a free market in private property and trading of the capital resources to establish real free market prices…", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00190-00187000-00187700": "… and those prices help us compare otherwise heterogeneous units, things that couldn’t be otherwise easily compared.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00191-00187700-00188100": "So it allows us to engage in economic calculation.  It’s really a mathematical argument in a sense.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00192-00188100-00188800": "Hayek built on that and sort of emphasized the role of knowledge and said that knowledge is tacit.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00193-00188800-00190000": "A lot of things we know how to do we can’t explain to people, and – but when we act, that knowledge is embedded in sort of what we produce, and therefore it affects the prices.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00194-00190000-00190800": "And so these price signals are kind of a way of conveying this tacit knowledge that otherwise couldn’t be conveyed and makes the economy work.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00195-00190800-00191300": "That was Hayek’s spin on it, which I have some personal problems with, but I understand where he was going.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00196-00191300-00191900": "Leoni picked up on this and said that legislation is very much like that.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00197-00191900-00192800": "Legislation is like central – it’s similar to central planning of the economy by a committee because it’s central planning of law by a committee.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00198-00192800-00193900": "You have a committee that says here’s what the law should be.  But because they can’t have the relevant information that’s tacitly spread across society, they can never make the right laws.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00199-00193900-00194800": "I wrote that actually in my article, and I think that’s one of the things I would – I won’t say I retract, but I have backed off on it a little bit.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00200-00194800-00196000": "I think I was a little bit too enthralled to the Hayekian version of the calculation argument, which I think is not as rigorous as I would like.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00201-00196000-00197400": "I think there are some problems with it.  There are some analogies that can be made, but we have to be careful how far we take this Hayekian knowledge problem and use it as a problem of legislation.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00202-00197400-00198400": "TOM WOODS: Well, given how radically different the system that we live under now is from what you’ve been talking about today, how does what you’ve been talking about today help us in any way?", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00203-00198400-00199400": "Can it help us to see our current situation more clearly?  Is it something to shoot for?  If so, how would we do that?  Or is it just a pure intellectual exercise?", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00204-00199400-00200200": "STEPHAN KINSELLA: Well, I think it’s good to – I mean legal theory is always helpful in terms of classifying the existing legal structure of society…", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00205-00200200-00200900": "… and so I do think we need to treat legislation differently than the result of more spontaneous or common law-type processes.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00206-00200900-00202200": "So we need to understand it, for one thing.  And in terms of policy proposals, once you understand this, you develop basically a general hostility towards legislation as the way to make or to discover or find law.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00207-00202200-00203300": "It would be advocating for a return to a more decentralized or common law system or even arbitration system, and to limit the power of legislation.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00208-00203300-00204500": "So, for example, you could propose – we can advocate for a sunset provision where every piece of legislation that’s introduced has to automatically expire after a certain time unless it’s renewed.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00209-00204500-00205100": "You could have super-majority requirements.  You could say that only legislation that’s a super majority.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00210-00205100-00206300": "A more radical proposal would be something like this.  Like in the US system, we have a constitution, which is a piece of legislation in a sense, but it’s at least general and somewhat noble in its goals.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00211-00206300-00207300": "And you have a court who’s interpreting that, the Supreme Court and the federal courts, which is not common law exactly because they’re interpreting words on a piece of paper.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00212-00207300-00207900": "They blend in justice concepts when they need to, but still they’re just interpreting it.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00213-00207900-00208700": "What you could do is you could say the job of Congress is to pass legislation, number one, that only affects the inner workings of the state.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00214-00208700-00209200": "It’s not like replacing or supplanting private law that governs the relations between people.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00215-00209200-00210700": "That could be more of a common law process, or the court could be – the legislature could be limited to passing a law that overturns a given court decision.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00216-00210700-00211600": "So their job would be let’s say the Supreme Court comes up with Roe v. Wade or some decision that everyone is outraged by.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00217-00211600-00212700": "Well, you could let a majority of the state legislatures or the Congress, some kind of system like that – I think Marshall DeRosa actually proposed this in his great book when he talked about the Confederate constitution.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00218-00212700-00213800": "You could say that the states – if three-fourths of the state legislators certify that they want this decision overturned, then that Supreme Court decision would be null and void.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00219-00213800-00214200": "So it’s a type of nullification really, and it’s a clever way.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00220-00214200-00216300": "It limits the legislature to just overturning bad judicial decisions, so that would be – instead of allowing them to write the law, they would be able to guide the process of the development of this quasi-common law that the federal courts engage in by just striking down the really bad or egregious decisions of the federal courts.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00221-00216300-00217300": "TOM WOODS: So it turns out that this line of discussion really can inform our current views of what direction we should be moving in and what would be good reforms, what would be the right way to go.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00222-00217300-00219000": "So it’s not just an empty, speculative, intellectual discussion.  So- and by the way, I love empty, speculative, intellectual discussions, nothing wrong with those, but it’s interesting that this really can bear some fruit; stephankinsella.com is your website.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00223-00219000-00219700": "And you sent me a whole bunch of links today for people who want to read more about this, and they’ll all be at tomwoods.com/557.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00224-00219700-00220400": "Is there anything left unsaid that, if said, would clear any remaining questions up?", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00225-00220400-00220500": "STEPHAN KINSELLA: Just – maybe just two things.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00226-00220500-00221800": "Number one, I would recommend – I don’t have time to read it now, but I have a blog post, which you can link to, about James Carter, this lawyer in 1884 in New York who was opposing the legislative codification of the common law of New York.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00227-00221800-00222300": "He’s got a great quote, which is just great.  So you’ve just got to read that.  It’s in my blog post.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00228-00222300-00223700": "The other would be to be aware that, in addition to legislation in America, we have this huge thing called regulations, which are emitted by federal agencies, which are like quasi-legislation.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00229-00223700-00224600": "And the length of the federal – the code of federal regulations – I lost count.  It’s like 22,000 pages or something or maybe it’s more now, and they’re coming out all the time.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00230-00224600-00226800": "So legislation is a problem in its pure form and also in its bastardized form where the legislature basically deputizes these agencies to emit quasi-legislation, which is sometimes even worse, and it sometimes had criminal implications as well.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00231-00226800-00227700": "So we need to be ware – be wary of legislation and regulations, which are sort of a spin-off of that.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00232-00227700-00228800": "TOM WOODS: All right, and we will leave it off there.  So tomwoods.com/557 is where you should go for all the stuff that we’ve been talking about and for links to Stephan, your website, stephankinsella.com.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00233-00228800-00229100": "We’ll get your – are you on Twitter?", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00234-00229100-00229300": "STEPHAN KINSELLA: I am on Twitter.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00235-00229300-00229500": "TOM WOODS: All right.  Then in that case, your Twitter is also there.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00236-00229500-00230100": "Everything people want to know about you within reason will be on that page.  Thanks a lot, Stephan.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00237-00230100-00230319": "STEPHAN KINSELLA: Thank you, Tom.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00238-00230100-00230700": "TOM WOODS: All right, that will do it for another episode.  I once again solicit ideas from you, and I’m sorry I can’t always respond.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00239-00230700-00231700": "I deeply appreciate your suggestions, but if there’s a topic you’d like discussed, then send along a good guest for that topic, and I will certainly look into it.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00240-00231700-00232600": "Again, I like to avoid scientific topics where I feel like I’m out of my depth.  I don’t want to do that.  But otherwise, I’m quite open to a wide array of topics.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00241-00232600-00233100": "So please send your suggestions to me at tomwoods.com.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00242-00233100-00233400": "You’ll see there’s a contact tab, and I get that just like an email.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00243-00233400-00234200": "So if there’s just a guest, you don’t even know a topic, but you just think it would be interesting for me to talk to a particular person, I’m game for that as well.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00244-00234200-00235400": "But the ideal is the guest-and-topic combination.  I could certainly use your input, and I certainly welcome it, especially from those of you who have been listening for a long time.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00245-00235400-00236200": "I’ve gotten a lot of good ideas from you guys.  In fact, I only heard about that weasel, Michael Malice, because somebody wrote to me about him.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00246-00236200-00237200": "I hadn’t even heard of him before, and Judith Curry, who was really good this week likewise.  I hadn’t been familiar with her, and I thought we had a wonderful conversation.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00247-00237200-00237800": "So thanks so much for playing this role in the show for helping me sometimes to brainstorm about ideas.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00248-00237800-00238000": "So tomwoods.com is where you can submit your suggestion.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00249-00238000-00238900": "If you want to scan and see what I’ve covered, tomwoods.com/episodes will give you the whole list of everything that has been done so far.", "iWc_3-hn2XE-00250-00238900-00239200": "All right, thanks for listening.  See you tomorrow."}}, {"audio_id": "iX5ATU28HC0", "text": {"iX5ATU28HC0-00000-00000000-00000200": "RTX 3060 + R7 5800X3D | Spider-Man: Miles Morales | 4K Very High - RT ON"}}, {"audio_id": "iXkCI7eGTVk", "text": {"iXkCI7eGTVk-00000-00000011-00000522": "The latest episode of One Piece, episode 1053, is here and it's a doozy!", "iXkCI7eGTVk-00001-00000522-00000917": "In this episode, we finally get to see what's been going on with our beloved Sanji since", "iXkCI7eGTVk-00002-00000917-00001216": "he got knocked down in the previous episode.", "iXkCI7eGTVk-00003-00001216-00001635": "Sanji has been battling it out with Queen, and things have not been going well for him.", "iXkCI7eGTVk-00004-00001635-00002000": "But just when all hope seems lost, Sanji discovers a new source of power that could turn the", "iXkCI7eGTVk-00005-00002000-00002252": "tide of the battle in favor of the Straw Hats.", "iXkCI7eGTVk-00006-00002252-00002490": "However, there's a catch.", "iXkCI7eGTVk-00007-00002490-00002899": "The power is related to his family, and we all know Sanji has a bit of a rocky relationship", "iXkCI7eGTVk-00008-00002899-00002999": "with them.", "iXkCI7eGTVk-00009-00002999-00003389": "Will he be able to handle the emotional and physical strain of this power-up?", "iXkCI7eGTVk-00010-00003389-00003542": "Only time will tell!", "iXkCI7eGTVk-00011-00003542-00004034": "Meanwhile, over on the Flower Capital, Momo is trying to create Flame Clouds to stop Onigashima", "iXkCI7eGTVk-00012-00004034-00004210": "from reaching the capital.", "iXkCI7eGTVk-00013-00004210-00004577": "Unfortunately, his Flame Clouds aren't quite cutting it.", "iXkCI7eGTVk-00014-00004577-00004890": "But don't worry, Yamato is here to save the day!", "iXkCI7eGTVk-00015-00004890-00005366": "He removes some of the explosives and declares that he believes Momo can save everyone.", "iXkCI7eGTVk-00016-00005366-00005585": "That's some serious faith right there!", "iXkCI7eGTVk-00017-00005585-00005792": "But wait, there's more!", "iXkCI7eGTVk-00018-00005792-00006205": "The CP0 members on the Gallery Floor of the castle receive a message from Rob Lucci, who", "iXkCI7eGTVk-00019-00006205-00006475": "drops some bombshell orders from above.", "iXkCI7eGTVk-00020-00006475-00006840": "If Kaido loses, Wano must be brought under the direct control of the World Government,", "iXkCI7eGTVk-00021-00006840-00007286": "and regardless of who wins or loses, Nico Robin must be brought in.", "iXkCI7eGTVk-00022-00007286-00007670": "Back on the battlefield, Sanji is still duking it out with Queen, and things are getting", "iXkCI7eGTVk-00023-00007670-00007804": "intense.", "iXkCI7eGTVk-00024-00007804-00008222": "Queen keeps harping on about Sanji's Germa suit, which is starting to really get on Sanji's", "iXkCI7eGTVk-00025-00008222-00008357": "nerves.", "iXkCI7eGTVk-00026-00008357-00008757": "In a fit of rage, he unleashes his Diable Jambe, but it has no effect on the All-Star.", "iXkCI7eGTVk-00027-00008757-00009250": "Well, if you're Sanji, you trigger some genetic enhancements that Vinsmoke Judge had made", "iXkCI7eGTVk-00028-00009250-00009477": "to your body, of course!", "iXkCI7eGTVk-00029-00009477-00009903": "But the power comes at a price, and Sanji is left with a body that's badly broken.", "iXkCI7eGTVk-00030-00009903-00010307": "However, he's able to fix it with ease, which makes him realize that he's on the path to", "iXkCI7eGTVk-00031-00010307-00010563": "becoming inhuman like his siblings.", "iXkCI7eGTVk-00032-00010563-00010806": "So there you have it, folks.", "iXkCI7eGTVk-00033-00010806-00011268": "Episode 1053 of One Piece is packed full of action, drama, and a healthy dose of family", "iXkCI7eGTVk-00034-00011268-00011385": "issues.", "iXkCI7eGTVk-00035-00011385-00011715": "It's a rollercoaster ride that'll leave you on the edge of your seat, so buckle up and", "iXkCI7eGTVk-00036-00011715-00012460": "enjoy the ride!"}}, {"audio_id": "iXshkeNGkqk", "text": {"iXshkeNGkqk-00000-00000988-00001259": "the cheap elliptical trainer for home use", "iXshkeNGkqk-00001-00001315-00001895": "the elliptical Trainer is a stationary exercise machine for walking or running without", "iXshkeNGkqk-00002-00001923-00002385": "Causing excessive pressure to the joint and decreasing the risk of impact injuries", "iXshkeNGkqk-00003-00002385-00002807": "And we come with a cheap elliptical trainer for home use - your for your needs", "iXshkeNGkqk-00004-00002863-00003347": "Some people want to spend less money on their exercise, but want to get the good products", "iXshkeNGkqk-00005-00003390-00003923": "so it is the best to offer you buy the cheap elliptical trainer for home use a", "iXshkeNGkqk-00006-00003994-00004719": "Present life exercise there's an important part of our body and going to the gym to workout can be a challenge in our busy life", "iXshkeNGkqk-00007-00004777-00005033": "Besides that not everyone is comfortable", 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flexible to operate operate", "iXshkeNGkqk-00016-00010364-00010827": "The body champ two and one duel trainer is the perfect piece for your home gym", "iXshkeNGkqk-00017-00010852-00011575": "the two-in-one space-saving design combines an exercise bike and elliptical trainer in one compact quality machine", "iXshkeNGkqk-00018-00011615-00012384": "this unique and patented design allows you to maximize your workouts build your endurance and reach your fitness goals by giving you the", "iXshkeNGkqk-00019-00012400-00012600": "Flexibility you need to work out longer", "iXshkeNGkqk-00020-00012635-00013113": "When most people need to catch their breath during cardio training they tend to step off their machines", "iXshkeNGkqk-00021-00013118-00013435": "But the problem is they never get back on now", "iXshkeNGkqk-00022-00013435-00014052": "You can regain your energy and add versatility to your workouts by switching between an exercise bike and elliptical", "iXshkeNGkqk-00023-00014072-00014422": "Trainer with one machine the body champ Dual trainer", "iXshkeNGkqk-00024-00014510-00014775": "the quiet and smooth Magnetic technology", "iXshkeNGkqk-00025-00014807-00015399": "Handfull Sensors and 21 program console will help you maximize every workout every time", "iXshkeNGkqk-00026-00016545-00017288": "Political exercise machines are designed to reduce impact stress and strain on muscles and Joints during Fitness workouts", "iXshkeNGkqk-00027-00017311-00018041": "But not all elliptical machines are created equal the exerpeutic magnetic elliptical is designed to be a heavy-duty", "iXshkeNGkqk-00028-00018094-00018294": "elliptical that can handle up to", "iXshkeNGkqk-00029-00018322-00019085": "325 pounds of User weight providing a zero impact workout without causing harm to hips ankles or joints", "iXshkeNGkqk-00030-00019114-00019491": "It utilizes dual action arms for strengthening the upper body", "iXshkeNGkqk-00031-00019555-00019961": "Hand pulse pads are located on the additional stationary handlebars", "iXshkeNGkqk-00032-00019990-00020726": "Allowing for Target heart rate monitoring throughout your workout all these features are included at a very affordable price", "iXshkeNGkqk-00033-00020803-00021533": "The exerpeutic magnetic elliptical is specifically designed with a natural elliptical motion that eliminates any", "iXshkeNGkqk-00034-00021565-00022233": "Bouncy movement you may experience with other elliptical machines it has an 8 level magnetic tension control system", "iXshkeNGkqk-00035-00022285-00022751": "Allowing you to adjust the tension resistance for an easier or more difficult workout?", "iXshkeNGkqk-00036-00022789-00023342": "the precision balanced Flywheel and V belt drive provide a smooth and quiet operation", "iXshkeNGkqk-00037-00023419-00023864": "you can watch TV or listen to music while working out with no interference a", "iXshkeNGkqk-00038-00023917-00024398": "Dual direction Flywheel allows you to stride forwards and backwards which will", "iXshkeNGkqk-00039-00024429-00024746": "summize the exercising of all of your major muscle groups", "iXshkeNGkqk-00040-00024826-00025287": "Large pedals with a built-in riff design will prevent any foot slippage when exercising", "iXshkeNGkqk-00041-00025426-00025794": "Transportation wheels are included for easily relocating the elliptical", "iXshkeNGkqk-00042-00028464-00028664": "and also wrong", "iXshkeNGkqk-00043-00029841-00030220": "Hi, I'm mark with hey needle the benefits of an elliptical machine are many", "iXshkeNGkqk-00044-00030225-00030857": "But mostly they're known for creating high intensity workout without putting high intensity strain on your joints and the body rider", "iXshkeNGkqk-00045-00030870-00031093": "Elliptical trainer with seat is one of the best out there", "iXshkeNGkqk-00046-00031182-00031727": "The sleek makeup of this trainer is designed with an emphasis on economic and anatomical comfort", "iXshkeNGkqk-00047-00031776-00032126": "especially the foam-Padded dual action adjustable handlebars and the", "iXshkeNGkqk-00048-00032151-00032627": "oversized pedals for foot support which allow any level of Fitness to exercise and comfort", "iXshkeNGkqk-00049-00032739-00033280": "The additional Handlebars give you a stable arm workout while you keep track of calories burned of time", "iXshkeNGkqk-00050-00033309-00033680": "distance and speed on the computer interface, LCD monitor", "iXshkeNGkqk-00051-00033756-00034342": "The resistance in this elliptical is adjustable with the simple turn of a knob giving you multiple levels of tension", "iXshkeNGkqk-00052-00034350-00034694": "So you get the most out of your workout as you get stronger and more fit?", "iXshkeNGkqk-00053-00034761-00035521": "What separates this elliptical is the attached seat? It's contoured and designed for ultimate comfort, and it adjusts vertically and horizontally", "iXshkeNGkqk-00054-00035652-00036359": "which means just by sitting you can turn the body rider elliptical trainer with seat into an exercise bike without any tools or", "iXshkeNGkqk-00055-00036378-00036845": "Adjustments, so you can pack more workout into the same space you can find this versatile piece", "iXshkeNGkqk-00057-00037934-00038421": "Used to get restless at work sitting for long periods of time two of my desk just working on my computer", "iXshkeNGkqk-00058-00038456-00038986": "But actually the qB smooth motion actually gave me something to do and concentrate on which allowed me to", "iXshkeNGkqk-00059-00039011-00039280": "Concentrate on my work and improve my productivity", "iXshkeNGkqk-00060-00039280-00039813": "I love how the qB is so compact it fits right under my desk and the best part is that it's affordable", "iXshkeNGkqk-00061-00039814-00040264": "I could purchase it myself without needing any approval from my manager or Hr", "iXshkeNGkqk-00062-00040322-00041119": "Qb also comes with an adjustable resistance allowing you to easily pick an exercise intensity of your choice based on my prior experience", "iXshkeNGkqk-00063-00041141-00041332": "and my degree in Kinesiology", "iXshkeNGkqk-00064-00041332-00041811": "I find that a product like the QB would be an excellent solution for a very large", "iXshkeNGkqk-00065-00041840-00042447": "Population of people product like the QB would be ideal for individuals working in an office setting you want to be able to", "iXshkeNGkqk-00066-00042497-00043207": "Burn a few extra calories as well as stimulate their entire metabolism while at work as well as complicated a LI test", "iXshkeNGkqk-00067-00043207-00043768": "We do not realize, but Advances in technology actually promote an inactive Lifestyle", "iXshkeNGkqk-00068-00043778-00044311": "We really have to get off our seats for anything anymore. You stay active in order to stay healthy", "iXshkeNGkqk-00069-00044408-00045090": "Humid Sleek design makes fitness fashionable it not only makes your workstation feel more alive energetic", "iXshkeNGkqk-00070-00045095-00045306": "but also more modern and state-of-the-art", "iXshkeNGkqk-00071-00045365-00045565": "You really cannot help, but fall in love", "iXshkeNGkqk-00072-00046511-00046972": "Large pedals with a built-in rib design will prevent any foot slippage when exercising", "iXshkeNGkqk-00073-00047111-00047767": "Transportation wheels are included or easily relocated the elliptical the computer monitor also comes with an", "iXshkeNGkqk-00074-00047795-00048241": "easy-To-read large LCD display that indicates distance calories burned", "iXshkeNGkqk-00075-00048284-00048994": "Time speed Scan and the additional heart pulse function, so you can stay within your Target heart rate Zone", "iXshkeNGkqk-00076-00049076-00049777": "So there you have it our exerpeutic magnetic elliptical is packed with features yet. Easy to use and store", "iXshkeNGkqk-00077-00049823-00050371": "We provide a three year limited warranty, so what are you waiting for let's work it out and get", "iXshkeNGkqk-00078-00051329-00052108": "The sleek makeup of this trainer is designed with an emphasis on economic and anatomical comfort especially the foam-padded dual action", "iXshkeNGkqk-00079-00052139-00052774": "Adjustable handlebars and the oversized pedals for foot support which allow any level of fitness to exercise and comfort", "iXshkeNGkqk-00080-00052887-00053428": "The additional Handlebars give you a stable arm workout while you keep track of calories burned time", "iXshkeNGkqk-00081-00053462-00053827": "distance and speed on the computer interface, LCD monitor", "iXshkeNGkqk-00082-00053904-00054512": "The resistance in this elliptical is adjustable with the simple turn of a knob giving you multiple levels of tension", "iXshkeNGkqk-00083-00054512-00054838": "So you get the most out of your workout as you get stronger and more fit?", "iXshkeNGkqk-00084-00054908-00055672": "What separates this elliptical is the attached seat its contoured and designed for ultimate comfort, and it adjusts vertically and horizontally?", "iXshkeNGkqk-00085-00056673-00057409": "Hey, Ya know the gazelle can help your love life. No, I didn't know how another thing let's talk about quality points or Donna", "iXshkeNGkqk-00086-00057410-00057739": "I'm get afraid now. I'm gonna put my foot up with your heel, okay", "iXshkeNGkqk-00087-00057903-00058103": "This way I have such a great job", "iXshkeNGkqk-00088-00058122-00058519": "Cuz I know what I'm trying to show people is you know I'm about 200 pounds you're about 250", "iXshkeNGkqk-00089-00058938-00059138": "We'd be quiet for a second. Do you hear any noise?", "iXshkeNGkqk-00090-00059214-00059828": "Zero zero so it even shows you it's more fun. So they're getting a quality piece of equipment. That is let me explain", "iXshkeNGkqk-00091-00059901-00060029": "Total body", "iXshkeNGkqk-00092-00060029-00060625": "Alright, you know I'm saying it's your heart. It's your lungs. It's all your muscles. It's your mental attitude. It's your metabolism", "iXshkeNGkqk-00093-00060626-00061223": "It is everything all in one versus just doing abs okay which means you'd still have a big buck in the inside of my thighs", "iXshkeNGkqk-00094-00061248-00061428": "Working my buttocks", "iXshkeNGkqk-00095-00061428-00061628": "Lean Forward, I'm on my chest", "iXshkeNGkqk-00096-00061640-00061811": "I'm working my try and I'm working my heart", "iXshkeNGkqk-00097-00061811-00062401": "and I'm working my lungs right if I want to work I say Sarah would you just my hip flexors with my", "iXshkeNGkqk-00098-00062415-00062893": "Buttocks even more right I do what's called digging important butt squeeze", "iXshkeNGkqk-00099-00063963-00064163": "Results, that's all we're talking about", "iXshkeNGkqk-00100-00072768-00073400": "Eliza's padded dual-Action arms for strengthening the upper body to give a total body Fitness workout", "iXshkeNGkqk-00101-00073506-00074258": "The exerpeutic 260 air elliptical is specifically designed with a natural elliptical motion that eliminates any", "iXshkeNGkqk-00102-00074292-00074615": "bouncy Movement you May experience with other elliptical machines", "iXshkeNGkqk-00103-00074661-00075257": "You can strive for words or swear the built in Rib design will prevent any foot slippage when exercising", "iXshkeNGkqk-00104-00075414-00076115": "Transportation wheels are included for easily relocating the elliptical and stabilizer end caps that can level the elliptical on", "iXshkeNGkqk-00105-00076418-00076843": "The Arrow Air elliptical from exerpeutic is a compact and affordable", "iXshkeNGkqk-00106-00076895-00077320": "elliptical trainer that uses magnetic resistance for a challenging workout", "iXshkeNGkqk-00107-00077423-00078202": "Perfect when space-saving is a priority the aero air elliptical offers the same benefits that larger ellipticals do", "iXshkeNGkqk-00108-00078239-00078439": "including a highly effective", "iXshkeNGkqk-00109-00078452-00079044": "Cardiovascular workout that does not stress the joints and allows you to work your upper and lower body simultaneously", "iXshkeNGkqk-00110-00079091-00079639": "At a fraction of the cost in a much smaller footprint dot the aero air elliptical", "iXshkeNGkqk-00111-00079679-00080200": "features large pedals with ridges for secure and stable footing as well as dual action", "iXshkeNGkqk-00112-00080227-00080544": "Workout arms that engage your upper body in the workout", "iXshkeNGkqk-00113-00080579-00081151": "The magnetic resistance is easy to adjust with a dial tension system and the easy-To-read LCD", "iXshkeNGkqk-00114-00081218-00081913": "Display indicates distance calories burned elapsed time and speed so that you can track your progress", "iXshkeNGkqk-00115-00081983-00082548": "The Aero air measures 33 by 19 by 46 inches Lxwxh", "iXshkeNGkqk-00116-00082730-00083275": "assembled weighs 51 pounds and carries a one-Year warranty from exerpeutic", "iXshkeNGkqk-00117-00083357-00083721": "The cheap elliptical trainer for home use offers cheap", "iXshkeNGkqk-00118-00083747-00084193": "elliptical machines, so the prices of elliptical trainer are in your range", "iXshkeNGkqk-00119-00084248-00084609": "But we strive to have 100% customer satisfaction", "iXshkeNGkqk-00120-00084680-00085213": "A smooth and natural motion results and motivating total body works out", "iXshkeNGkqk-00121-00085262-00085990": "Shop are a variety of elliptical trainer and start enjoying effective low-impact exercise from the comfort of your house", "iXshkeNGkqk-00122-00086066-00086266": "Getting in shape takes time", "iXshkeNGkqk-00123-00086297-00086465": "dedicating intendancy", "iXshkeNGkqk-00124-00086465-00087042": "But there is no need to be uncomfortable and stressed when you get fit at home with elliptical trainer", "iXshkeNGkqk-00125-00087098-00087868": "Achieved elliptical can save your significant amount of money and help you to look healthier from the comfort and privacy of your own life", "iXshkeNGkqk-00126-00087905-00088543": "From our list you can easily get product in your range in our website fits on Doc. Oh bucko"}}, {"audio_id": "iXv0Um55XGu", "text": {"iXv0Um55XGu-00000-00000670-00001130": "Oprah Winfrey's advice for young people who want to be rich I", "iXv0Um55XGu-00001-00001311-00002087": "Don't know where you grew up buying the world and society where I grew up everything was already set long before I was born as", "iXv0Um55XGu-00002-00002149-00002649": "A child. I was not expected to think or question what everyone else believed?", "iXv0Um55XGu-00003-00002709-00003194": "What I was expected to do was very simple be a good student at school", "iXv0Um55XGu-00004-00003240-00003690": "Study medicine or law if your parents are strong enough to influence your decision", "iXv0Um55XGu-00005-00003703-00003972": "Get out of college with a good grade and get a job", "iXv0Um55XGu-00006-00004006-00004472": "All you have to do is to work a job for 35 years and retire", "iXv0Um55XGu-00007-00004573-00004986": "Nobody tells you about purpose and fulfillment is defined as money", "iXv0Um55XGu-00008-00004986-00005438": "As long as you get a job in a bank or in a hospital as a doctor", "iXv0Um55XGu-00009-00005443-00005745": "You should be happy since you'll be well paid", "iXv0Um55XGu-00010-00005821-00005923": "however", "iXv0Um55XGu-00011-00005923-00006536": "When I was 17, I started wondering if the path that everyone was going is the path. I should go", "iXv0Um55XGu-00012-00006536-00006736": "I was troubled because", "iXv0Um55XGu-00013-00006765-00007421": "Nobody my immediate society was qualified to guide me and I didn't even have internet access then in my town", "iXv0Um55XGu-00014-00007449-00007889": "So there was no way I could follow your mentor or connect with great people online", "iXv0Um55XGu-00015-00007953-00008192": "The only option I had was to read books", "iXv0Um55XGu-00016-00008192-00008726": "So I started reading every book I could find that may guide me on self-discovery", "iXv0Um55XGu-00017-00008727-00009110": "I was lucky because even though I didn't have money to buy books", "iXv0Um55XGu-00018-00009139-00009575": "God sent some very good books to me through friends and the library I", "iXv0Um55XGu-00019-00009628-00009989": "Read books about potentials. I read books about life", "iXv0Um55XGu-00020-00009992-00010409": "I read biographies of great people and I read books about", "iXv0Um55XGu-00021-00010446-00011228": "Temperaments the more I read the better I knew about myself and the more I knew about myself the more arrogant. I became", "iXv0Um55XGu-00022-00011367-00011496": "Okay", "iXv0Um55XGu-00023-00011496-00011635": "Not really arrogance", "iXv0Um55XGu-00024-00011635-00012395": "But when you start to think different from your appearance and everyone else the name for such behavior in my culture is called arrogance", "iXv0Um55XGu-00025-00012447-00013163": "I'll continue this story later in this video as I want to share with you one of the most valuable advice from Oprah Winfrey if", "iXv0Um55XGu-00026-00013183-00013688": "You are new here consider subscribing. So you won't miss other interesting videos like this", "iXv0Um55XGu-00027-00013822-00014523": "Now here it is. Oprah Winfrey said your job is not just to do what your parents say what your teachers say", "iXv0Um55XGu-00028-00014531-00015216": "What society says but to figure out what your heart calling is and to be led by that", "iXv0Um55XGu-00029-00015319-00015654": "It's amazing how most people simply leave to fit into the society?", "iXv0Um55XGu-00030-00015722-00016282": "It's surprising how most people simply believe that there's only one Road to the market. It's", "iXv0Um55XGu-00031-00016337-00016806": "Unbelievable that most humans spend 18 years in school to study many subjects", "iXv0Um55XGu-00032-00016808-00017179": "But they never spend a single year of their life to study and know themselves", "iXv0Um55XGu-00033-00017402-00017610": "The power in the uniqueness", "iXv0Um55XGu-00034-00017738-00018301": "To continue the personal story. I was telling you earlier the more I got to know myself the Clara", "iXv0Um55XGu-00035-00018301-00018667": "I see that I'm not part of this world. I just discovered", "iXv0Um55XGu-00036-00018667-00019161": "I'm a very different human who shouldn't think like everyone or go to where everyone is going", "iXv0Um55XGu-00037-00019162-00019545": "I knew there's a path that I have to take even though", "iXv0Um55XGu-00038-00019546-00020254": "I didn't know anyone in my immediate environment who has ever taken such path and taking such paths was just what I did", "iXv0Um55XGu-00039-00020309-00020477": "It's a general weakness", "iXv0Um55XGu-00040-00020477-00021258": "We humans want to be like everyone because if we don't do what everyone is doing they are going to unit criticize and hate us", "iXv0Um55XGu-00041-00021305-00021927": "For instance when I decided to leave school, my brother told me that if I don't have a degree in my life", "iXv0Um55XGu-00042-00021928-00022549": "I won't be accepted by other people who do have degrees and this will affect my chances of success", "iXv0Um55XGu-00043-00022649-00023095": "Well, it was wrong. I knew right there that he was wrong", "iXv0Um55XGu-00044-00023120-00023649": "but I didn't know how exactly I was going to prove him wrong until about nine years after I", "iXv0Um55XGu-00045-00023711-00023974": "Suddenly became more relevant than most people", "iXv0Um55XGu-00046-00023989-00024582": "My company worked for the richest state in my country and I was able to meet with the wife of the state governor", "iXv0Um55XGu-00047-00024583-00024907": "I was invited to speak by PhD holders", "iXv0Um55XGu-00048-00024907-00025545": "I was in a meeting with the vice president of my country and suddenly I remembered what my brother told me", "iXv0Um55XGu-00049-00025577-00025791": "He told me that if I don't have degrees", "iXv0Um55XGu-00050-00025862-00026622": "People will disregard me but without any degree. I've been to places and met some of the most important people in my country", "iXv0Um55XGu-00051-00026695-00027222": "Your job is not just to do what your parents say what your teachers say and what society says", "iXv0Um55XGu-00052-00027250-00027717": "But to figure out what your heart calling is and to be led by that", "iXv0Um55XGu-00053-00027962-00028162": "The world is wrong", "iXv0Um55XGu-00054-00028199-00028809": "If you truly want to be happy your goal is to discover who you are and how you're different from everyone else", "iXv0Um55XGu-00055-00028847-00029307": "Without this important exercise you leave the rest of your life pursuing the wind", "iXv0Um55XGu-00056-00029365-00029874": "You wake up every day to look for what the society thinks is noble your life will be", "iXv0Um55XGu-00057-00029897-00030622": "Influenced by what you see on the Facebook and Instagram and you make that the standard of your life and your life will be miserable", "iXv0Um55XGu-00058-00030697-00031287": "The reason why you won't find real joy following everyone is because you're a different person", "iXv0Um55XGu-00059-00031372-00032037": "Far different in some ways from everyone else if you want to see how horrible most people's life's are", "iXv0Um55XGu-00060-00032116-00032589": "Imagine put in a fish a bird and a horse into the same environment", "iXv0Um55XGu-00061-00032722-00033306": "Should we put them on the tree? Should we put them on the floor or should we put them inside the water?", "iXv0Um55XGu-00062-00033374-00033913": "No matter where you put the fish birds and the horse as long as you keep them in the same environment", "iXv0Um55XGu-00063-00033959-00034159": "Two of them will never be happy", "iXv0Um55XGu-00064-00034202-00034896": "If you put these three animals inside the water, the fish will be happy but the horse and the bird will be miserable", "iXv0Um55XGu-00065-00034958-00035131": "If you put them on the tree", "iXv0Um55XGu-00066-00035131-00035526": "The bird will be happy but the horse and the fish will be miserable", "iXv0Um55XGu-00067-00035546-00035821": "If you put them on the ground in the jungle", "iXv0Um55XGu-00068-00035827-00036402": "The horse will be happy because he can now run but the fish and the bird will be miserable", "iXv0Um55XGu-00069-00036427-00036765": "Because none of them love walking or running on the ground", "iXv0Um55XGu-00070-00036830-00037146": "This exactly is what is happening in our society", "iXv0Um55XGu-00071-00037169-00037617": "we keep every child in the same environment teach them the same things and", "iXv0Um55XGu-00072-00037663-00038145": "Brainwash them to be the same kind of adults. That's why most people are not happy", "iXv0Um55XGu-00073-00038171-00038751": "Most people are not happy because they are birds but the society has brainwashed them to leave inside the water", "iXv0Um55XGu-00074-00038791-00039246": "Some people have fishes, but the society has brainwashed them to leave on the tree", "iXv0Um55XGu-00075-00039290-00039769": "Some people are horses, but the society has deceived them to leave on the tree", "iXv0Um55XGu-00076-00039808-00040203": "no miracle can make these people happy except the miracle of", "iXv0Um55XGu-00077-00040258-00040363": "self-discovery", "iXv0Um55XGu-00078-00040363-00040998": "Your job is not just to do what your parents say what your teachers say or what the society says", "iXv0Um55XGu-00079-00041032-00041526": "But to figure out what your heart calling is and to be led by that", "iXv0Um55XGu-00080-00041785-00041985": "How to discover yourself", "iXv0Um55XGu-00081-00042157-00042357": "In my childish opinion", "iXv0Um55XGu-00082-00042367-00043004": "Nobody should be called an adult except they can state in 30 seconds who they are and what they want to leave for", "iXv0Um55XGu-00083-00043036-00043461": "Because adult life is about decisions and how can you make the right decisions?", "iXv0Um55XGu-00084-00043461-00044075": "If you don't know who you are, let me try to give you some tips that can help you here. Now number one", "iXv0Um55XGu-00085-00044149-00044724": "Spend time with yourself you need to spend time with the world to know how the world works", "iXv0Um55XGu-00086-00044785-00045452": "But you also need to spend quality time with yourself to know how you are use this loan time to ask yourself", "iXv0Um55XGu-00087-00045499-00046098": "Probing questions such as what do I love doing? What do I hate doing if today?", "iXv0Um55XGu-00088-00046098-00046652": "I have all the money I can ever have what job or carrier will I pursue next week?", "iXv0Um55XGu-00089-00046807-00047082": "To read books about temperaments I", "iXv0Um55XGu-00090-00047176-00047561": "Recommend why you act the way you do by team LaHaye?", "iXv0Um55XGu-00091-00047620-00048080": "But if you can find all the books about temperaments go ahead and read them", "iXv0Um55XGu-00092-00048094-00048620": "You see knowing your temperaments will reveal to you who you are your strengths and weaknesses", "iXv0Um55XGu-00093-00048685-00049139": "This may guide you into knowing what profession or career path you should pursue", "iXv0Um55XGu-00094-00049177-00049746": "For example a choleric who wants to be a medical doctor will need to think twice", "iXv0Um55XGu-00095-00049777-00050373": "while melancholy who wants to be an entrepreneur who know that he needs to partner with a choleric if", "iXv0Um55XGu-00096-00050419-00051101": "Phlegmatic who wants to be a politician will have to understand his weakness work hard on it or try another path", "iXv0Um55XGu-00097-00051333-00051581": "3 don't be afraid to be yourself", "iXv0Um55XGu-00098-00051739-00052065": "That you're different from everyone of us should be a great thing", "iXv0Um55XGu-00099-00052065-00052730": "We all should celebrate the world will attack criticize and reject you for being who you are be courageous", "iXv0Um55XGu-00100-00052786-00053199": "Because it's only by being who you are that you can change what the world is", "iXv0Um55XGu-00101-00053329-00053438": "in conclusion", "iXv0Um55XGu-00102-00053438-00054212": "Let me correct a notion that some people have about being different and that is many people exercise their differences in a negative way", "iXv0Um55XGu-00103-00054247-00054474": "some think that the reason why they dress like prostitutes", "iXv0Um55XGu-00104-00054541-00054738": "Is because they are different", "iXv0Um55XGu-00105-00054738-00055160": "Some think the reason why they use hard drugs is because they are different from the rest of us", "iXv0Um55XGu-00106-00055194-00055877": "If your differences don't help you to become a better person then that is not what I'm advocating in this video", "iXv0Um55XGu-00107-00055936-00056420": "Know who you are know what your strengths are and what your weaknesses are", "iXv0Um55XGu-00108-00056482-00057110": "Know the carrier I'll make you happy and fulfilled and gaurav, even if everyone in the world thinks you're crazy", "iXv0Um55XGu-00109-00057160-00057632": "Your job is not just to do what your parents say. We're your teachers say what society says", "iXv0Um55XGu-00110-00057685-00058154": "But to figure out what your heart calling is and to be led by that", "iXv0Um55XGu-00111-00058401-00058597": "Thank you so much for watching our videos", "iXv0Um55XGu-00112-00058597-00059112": "Are you between the ages of 15 and 40 then we invite you to join our new channel", "iXv0Um55XGu-00113-00059125-00059915": "Which was specially created to share with you inspiration and life's lessons to succeed in life. We call it under 40 TV", "iXv0Um55XGu-00114-00059998-00060491": "Kindly, look at the description box to join the under 40 TV. We love you"}}, {"audio_id": "iXAdDvtzFm8", "text": {"iXAdDvtzFm8-00000-00000000-00000501": "This video reveals my run seconds after official alpha release", "iXAdDvtzFm8-00001-00000501-00001001": "Keep watching for hidden tips and tricks", "iXAdDvtzFm8-00002-00003187-00003686": "Play x2 speed if you want"}}, {"audio_id": "iXGXC6fop-Y", "text": {"iXGXC6fop-Y-00000-00000426-00002193": "[Music]", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00001-00002301-00002637": "hello guys how are you", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00002-00002637-00002853": "We are going to talk about the objectives of", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00003-00002853-00003051": "UN sustainable development we", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00004-00003051-00003258": "are going to focus on objective number 8", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00005-00003258-00003440": "the job that seeks growth", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00006-00003440-00003678": "inclusive and sustained economic to", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00007-00003678-00003869": "improve people's way of life", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00008-00003869-00004110": "we will highlight the scope of action of", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00009-00004110-00004191": "IT engineering students", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00010-00004501-00004660": "Well, the truth is that I thought it was enough", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00011-00004660-00005001": "interesting especially the goal to 8.6 that", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00012-00005001-00005143": "talks about young people who are not even", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00013-00005143-00005353": "employees or study other things", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00014-00005353-00005664": "or receive training and what I thought", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00015-00005664-00005917": "despite the fact that there are", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00016-00005917-00006132": "pages as cursera that offer", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00017-00006132-00006400": "online courses we can offer courses", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00018-00006400-00006664": "on programming for", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00019-00006664-00006850": "people who cannot access", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00020-00006850-00007045": "education or work for any", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00021-00007045-00007294": "reason, what do you think? To me a point that", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00022-00007294-00007497": "I'm interested in working from home", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00023-00007497-00007647": "more than anything is related to promoting", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00024-00007647-00007903": "development-oriented policies and", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00025-00007903-00008095": "protect labor rights and", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00026-00008095-00008311": "promote a safe development environment", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00027-00008311-00008434": "and without risk to all workers", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00028-00008434-00008612": "OK", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00029-00008612-00008816": "Working from home is safe", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00030-00008816-00009032": "because of coronavirus confinement", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00031-00009032-00009272": "Working online is the cheapest", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00032-00009272-00009467": "offer and has greater flexibility", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00033-00009467-00009662": "and reducing the emission of", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00034-00009662-00009944": "car trips and other things", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00035-00009944-00010133": "Juan Carlos sorry for interrupting you", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00036-00010133-00010373": "an advantage of working from home", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00037-00010373-00010601": "in addition to all that you have said is that", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00038-00010601-00010786": "it is possible to reduce the emission of co2", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00039-00010786-00011003": "then it would be a good point to", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00040-00011003-00011248": "consider", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00041-00011250-00011503": "keep going", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00042-00011503-00011754": "very good point John. remember that another", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00043-00011754-00011914": "goal is to achieve the highest levels", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00044-00011914-00012139": "of economic productivity through the", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00045-00012139-00012304": "diversification modernization", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00046-00012304-00012514": "technology and innovation as it would be", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00047-00012514-00012675": "establishing a project plan", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00048-00012675-00012969": "a website with a good baseline. well", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00049-00012969-00013255": "Guys, it has been a pleasure to be", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00050-00013255-00013477": "your team manager see you in", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00051-00013477-00013623": "the meeting next week good", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00052-00013623-00013860": "job", "iXGXC6fop-Y-00053-00013916-00014222": "[Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "iXHhepLGXAQ", "text": {"iXHhepLGXAQ-00000-00000463-00001080": "10 facts about the taj mahal the taj mahal is an islamic ivory white", "iXHhepLGXAQ-00001-00001080-00001504": "marble mausoleum on the right bank of the river yumuna in the indian city of agra", "iXHhepLGXAQ-00002-00001576-00001888": "here are some of the most interesting facts about the taj mahal", "iXHhepLGXAQ-00003-00002039-00002640": "1. the taj mahal was created by emperor shah jahan for his favorite wife mumtaz mahal", "iXHhepLGXAQ-00004-00002848-00003247": "2. the taj mahal's color changes constantly throughout the day", "iXHhepLGXAQ-00005-00003456-00003832": "3. it took 20 years and 20 000 workers to build", "iXHhepLGXAQ-00006-00004047-00004432": "4. the name taj mahal means crown palace in persian", "iXHhepLGXAQ-00007-00004608-00005144": "5. the walls are inlaid with semi-precious stones and carved with quran passages", "iXHhepLGXAQ-00008-00005320-00005816": "6. there is a legend that shah jahan wanted to build a black marble taj for himself", "iXHhepLGXAQ-00009-00006008-00006544": "7. one thousand elephants were used to transport the building materials to agra", "iXHhepLGXAQ-00010-00006728-00007184": "8. the taj mahal gardens are similar to british gardens", "iXHhepLGXAQ-00011-00007240-00007631": "9. the taj mahal is visited by millions of people a year", "iXHhepLGXAQ-00012-00007728-00008232": "10. the best times to visit the taj are sunrise, sunset and night", "iXHhepLGXAQ-00013-00008368-00008504": "that's it for today", "iXHhepLGXAQ-00014-00008504-00008784": "if this video helped you know more about the world", "iXHhepLGXAQ-00015-00008784-00009576": "please like and subscribe to the channel"}}, {"audio_id": "iYopSM73cic", "text": {"iYopSM73cic-00000-00000152-00000350": "This project is by Jordan Minardi.", "iYopSM73cic-00001-00000350-00000853": "She was a freshman student in my English 1510 class in the fall of 2017.", "iYopSM73cic-00002-00000868-00001188": "She focused on the volleyball subreddit.", "iYopSM73cic-00003-00001188-00001742": "As a former volleyball player herself, she found the content of the space to be very interesting,", "iYopSM73cic-00004-00001742-00002182": "and in her introduction, she talks about how novice players in the space", "iYopSM73cic-00005-00002182-00002588": "often ask experiences for help from the more experienced players to", "iYopSM73cic-00006-00002588-00003012": "make decisions about how to go about their volleyball careers.", "iYopSM73cic-00007-00003012-00003602": "The evidence that she uses is taken directly from the space itself.", "iYopSM73cic-00008-00003602-00004196": "In fact, she uses a number of screen captures of specific posts and explanations for how they help her to", "iYopSM73cic-00009-00004196-00004394": "make her main point.", "iYopSM73cic-00010-00004394-00005302": "As you see here, she uses a number of different comments from within the space.", "iYopSM73cic-00011-00005302-00005692": "The space usually had text posts only with very few images", "iYopSM73cic-00012-00005692-00006172": "so those are the kinds of things that she shows here.", "iYopSM73cic-00013-00006172-00006654": "She also attempted to make her own post and talks about that experience", "iYopSM73cic-00014-00006654-00006918": "and how it helped to demonstrate her point.", "iYopSM73cic-00015-00006918-00007306": "and she made her own comments to do the same."}}, {"audio_id": "iYpmJTDg_hu", "text": {"iYpmJTDg_hu-00000-00000000-00000274": "I've got some good news for you brothers and sisters.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00001-00000274-00000586": "The Dash network is now worth attacking!", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00002-00001128-00001739": "Dash core developer UdjinM6 has recently posted that a sort of a DDoS", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00003-00001739-00002120": "— that is it distributed denial of service attack —", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00004-00002120-00002486": "is being carried out on the masternode network now.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00005-00002486-00003542": "Now only about 100 masternodes or about 2.8% of the network was running on hardware that could not handle this.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00006-00003542-00004068": "Udjin guesses that these VPSs were something like a dollar a month maybe,", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00007-00004068-00004782": "and could not handle the CPU usage and bandwidth that the attack provided.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00008-00004782-00005466": "Now if your masternode was one of those, Udjin also included in his post a fix that you could perform on it remotely", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00009-00005466-00005782": "to try to mitigate its effects.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00010-00005782-00006208": "Interesting to think that DDoS attacks are not free to perform.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00011-00006208-00006945": "And interesting to think that whatever this person or persons is spending that it is worth the money to them.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00012-00006945-00007184": "Thank you for the test.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00013-00007184-00007892": "In other Development Update a new software version was pushed between last week's show and this show.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00014-00007892-00008894": "That is 12.1.3 and it was pushed as a fix to a sort of crashing problem that some masternodes were experiencing,", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00015-00008894-00009458": "I believe when executing certain tasks — I’m not entirely sure — but the fix was pushed.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00016-00009458-00010464": "About 87% of masternodes have updated to it already, and that meant that InstantSend was able to be turned back on.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00017-00010464-00011288": "If you didn't notice, yes during the period between when 12.1.3 was pushed and three or four days after that,", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00018-00011288-00011508": "InstantSend was turned off.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00019-00011508-00012404": "If you are wondering to yourself, how could such a thing be? You likely don't yet know about Dash Sporks and how they work.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00020-00012404-00013156": "To learn more about them I would invite you to watch this episode that I had with lead developer Dash, Evan Duffield.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00021-00013156-00013684": "And that reminds me, I would like to tell you that if you did watch that episode,", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00022-00013684-00014616": "you may recall that at the time Evan had said that moving the Sporking capability from its current —", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00023-00014616-00015280": "basically being executed by a handful of key holders to a network decentralize vote —", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00024-00015280-00015596": "that that was planned for the 12.1 release.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00025-00015596-00015840": "Now obviously that's not happened.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00026-00015840-00016530": "There is no — there are no votes happening on the network as to whether certain Sporks should be turned on or off.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00027-00016530-00017262": "And I reached out to Evan about this and he has said that the priority has been bumped forward,", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00028-00017262-00018198": "that is, moving Sporks to a network vote of some kind has been pushed to likely a 12.2  release.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00029-00018198-00018634": "I hope to have more information about that for you in future episodes.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00030-00018634-00018860": "Now let's go to Business & Headlines.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00031-00018860-00019476": "I'd like to share a bit of information with you that I found out at Anarchapulco actually.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00032-00019476-00019786": "I was speaking with Thomas from Belgium.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00033-00019786-00020508": "And Thomas from Belgium said to me, you know it's maybe not surprising — this Dash price rally,", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00034-00020508-00021148": "because certainly you saw the Dash mention on the Casey Research newsletter a few weeks ago.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00035-00021148-00021710": "And I said, no what's that? He said, you know of the investor Doug Casey?", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00036-00021710-00021908": "I said, of course, Doug Casey.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00037-00021908-00022882": "And he said, well in Doug Casey’s Research newsletter that came out recently, he recommended looking into Dash.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00038-00022882-00023960": "And it turns out that is true. I found a copy of the newsletter on the Casey Research website and the newsletter is entitled, “Meet ‘Bitcoin Jesus’”.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00039-00023960-00024182": "And it says, and I quote,", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00040-00024182-00025002": "“Fortunately, Roger told me about a new cryptocurrency that can protect your privacy more effectively than Bitcoin.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00041-00025002-00025446": "“It’s called Dash. We recommend you look into it.”", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00042-00025446-00025716": "Oh Roger Ver.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00043-00025716-00026333": "In addition, at about this same time, Jeff Berwick — remember the host of Anarchist —", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00044-00026333-00026718": "he also has an investor newsletter called The Dollar Vigilante,", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00045-00026718-00027520": "and he included a Dash mention and my interview with him in that particular newsletter at that time.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00046-00027520-00028377": "So I just thought that you may be interested to know that we may have some sort of idea of where new Dash investors are coming from.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00047-00028377-00029020": "In other business news, two large exchanges have added new Dash trading pairs.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00048-00029020-00029720": "And no, this is not the major exchange that our treasury funded integration for a couple of months ago.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00049-00029720-00029932": "These happened all on their own.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00050-00029932-00030222": "So first, is BitFinex.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00051-00030222-00031083": "Now Dash used to be on BitFinex in the way long time ago, and they took us off after Dash had “too low trading volume.”", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00052-00031083-00031654": "Well, Dash is back with trading pairs for Bitcoin and the US dollar.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00053-00031654-00031960": "As well, on the exchange BTC-E.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00054-00031960-00033016": "Dash was already being traded on BTC-E with Bitcoin and the US dollar but they have just added the trading pairs ruble, Litecoin, and euro.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00055-00033016-00034168": "And then finally in Business News, I have an update on the sort of Wall Of Coins outage or… problems of sorts that were experienced over the last week.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00056-00034168-00034774": "I reached out to Ryan Taylor who is the — or was I guess, the integration is complete —", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00057-00034774-00035212": "was the project manager manager for integrating Dash into Wall Of Coins,", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00058-00035212-00036008": "and he says that Walls of Coins was affected by the Amazon web services outage that you may have heard about,", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00059-00036008-00036182": "I guess kind of a big deal.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00060-00036182-00036944": "So apparently a good deal of software was reset by the Amazon Web Services outage, Wall Of Coins included,", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00061-00036946-00037244": "and at that same time their phone system went down,", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00062-00037244-00037834": "and these two things happening concurrently caused a whole lot of heartache and headache and trouble.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00063-00037834-00038908": "But, within the following days Wall Of Coins employee Albert Arellanes made a post on the dashpay subreddit explaining how things were being fixed.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00064-00038908-00039336": "And to my understanding everything is fixed and running monthly at this time.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00065-00039336-00039656": "And now let's move on to Network Statistics.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00066-00039656-00040618": "There are currently at 3,929 masternodes, which makes sense as that’s a little less than a hundred —", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00067-00040618-00041752": "a hundred less than we had last week and that accounts for the hundred masternodes who were paying a dollar a month VPS services who’ve been taken out.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00068-00041752-00042696": "And in mining our hashrate is 2.66 Th/s and that's pretty much right back up there with the all-time high", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00069-00042698-00043182": "that was reached about a month ago of about 2.7 Th/s.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00070-00043182-00043988": "To see how this has changed over time, go ahead and check out the hashrate chart for three months,", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00071-00043988-00044368": "and the last year,", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00072-00044368-00044720": "and the last three years — the lifetime hashrate chart.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00073-00044720-00045217": "Also worth noting as a sort of network statistic is that the number,", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00074-00045218-00046082": "rather the average number of transactions per block on the Dash network has roughly doubled within the past week I would say.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00075-00046168-00047110": "Prior to the past week the average transaction per block was maybe two or three and had been for many months", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00076-00047110-00047618": "and if you'll notice on an explorer now, like explorer.dash.org,", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00077-00047618-00047998": "that's roughly doubled to about seven to eight transactions per block.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00078-00047998-00048226": "So, worth noting.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00079-00048226-00048490": "And let's take a look at Price Movement.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00080-00048490-00049254": "Okay, in US dollars we are currently trading at $45.94 per Dash.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00081-00049254-00049738": "This is with seven, well just under 7.2 million coins.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00082-00049738-00050286": "The last 24 hours have seen a $9.4 million trade volume.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00083-00050286-00051008": "And the market cap then, is $328 million.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00084-00051008-00051684": "The market cap over the last three months has looked something like this.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00085-00051684-00052178": "Market cap over the last year.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00086-00052178-00052732": "And the market cap over Dash’s lifetime is here.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00087-00052732-00053186": "Yeah, that's quite the curve there at the end, isn't it?", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00088-00053186-00053570": "Not even so much a curve as a cliff.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00089-00053570-00053852": "This price cliff upward —", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00090-00053852-00054220": "I don't know — it's hard for me to tell whether I should do things to the right or left.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00091-00054220-00054504": "It's hard for me to imagine how you see me.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00092-00054504-00055826": "Anyway, this price cliff did not go unnoticed by TheMerkle, MarketWatch, Razor Forex, CoinDesk, Crush The Street, 1 Israel News, Nigeria Today,", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00093-00055826-00056108": "and I’m sure other outlets that I didn't even see.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00094-00056108-00056441": "And it should be noted — this is a stat I'd like to provide you with every week,", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00095-00056441-00056884": "this is at the suggestion of a viewer — what does this make Dash’s treasury?", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00096-00056884-00057074": "Available treasury per month?", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00097-00057074-00059096": "Well, with 6,917 Dash available to be created per month, that makes for a current treasury evaluation of $316,483 in Dash.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00098-00059096-00059622": "Speaking of, the next treasury payout — that is superblock — is in 27 days.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00099-00059622-00060178": "So if you are planning on putting in a proposal for funding you'll want to do that sooner than later.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00100-00060178-00060816": "And if you don't know how to do that, well go ahead and check out this video tutorial that I made showing you how.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00101-00060816-00061304": "Now in Social Happenings. Let's get social with some social happenings.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00102-00061304-00061664": "The tweet — you know what I’m talking about.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00103-00061664-00062414": "It may well have garnered the most attention that I've seen of any crypto-related tweet that has ever been.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00104-00062414-00063038": "That is of course the Roger Ver tweet about sending a Dash transaction for super cheap.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00105-00063038-00063320": "And yeah, it got so much attention —", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00106-00063320-00063760": "of course community member Tao Of Satoshi made a video about it", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00107-00063760-00064408": "as a sort of outreach effort to anybody who would consider themselves a member of the Bitcoin community", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00108-00064408-00065174": "but maybe finds themselves joining Roger’s sentiment of, hey, maybe it's nice to use the network that works better.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00109-00065174-00065778": "We'll see what comes of that, what with the Bitcoin Jesus secretly talking to Casey Research about Dash.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00110-00065778-00066100": "You never know what he's doing or saying.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00111-00066178-00067396": "In another social happening, you may have heard Dash is scheduled to have an open house at our new offices at the ASU SkySong Innovation Center.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00112-00067396-00067796": "It is scheduled for March 30th. All are invited.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00113-00067796-00068312": "There will be free food, free Dash giveaway.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00114-00068312-00068724": "I'll speak. Ryan Taylor will speak. Evan Duffield will speak.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00115-00068724-00069580": "And as I had said, all are invited so go ahead and see if you, or your friends, or your mom can join.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00116-00069580-00070320": "And then finally in Social Happenings — I do think this qualifies as a social thing because… Scams!", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00117-00070320-00071280": "Surprise, there are scams on the internet and as Dash has gotten more popular more recently more scams targeting Dash users have popped up.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00118-00071280-00071906": "Off the top of my head of course there was NodeMiner posing as a sort of mining software that would steal your Dash.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00119-00071906-00072226": "CoinVert — fake exchange, would steal your Dash.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00120-00072226-00072872": "And the infamous dash-wallet.com — scam. Would steal your Dash. Stay away.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00121-00072872-00073388": "If you come across any new unknown software and you're wondering, hey, should I try this out?", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00122-00073388-00074084": "For heaven's sake, come to the r/dashpay subreddit, or the Dash Nation Slack, or the Dash.org/Forum", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00123-00074084-00074686": "and ask around to get feedback and the experience of others regarding that particular software.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00124-00074686-00074990": "And for our final segment, Current Opportunities.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00125-00074990-00076052": "The Dash Force, the treasury proposal Dash Force, is offering an incentive to help kick-off the Dash buying market on BitFinex.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00126-00076052-00076800": "So if you are willing to put in a buy order for at least $250 worth of Dash on BitFinex,", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00127-00076800-00077108": "Dash Force will tip you a half a Dash.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00128-00077108-00077582": "If you're willing to put in an order for $500, they'll tip you a full Dash.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00129-00077582-00078098": "If you're really put in order for $1,000, they will tip you two whole Dash.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00130-00078098-00079150": "You can find out more details and any possible restrictions — monetary or time or otherwise may exist — by following the link in the description below.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00131-00079150-00079468": "And lastly in Current Opportunities,", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00132-00079468-00080140": "the Dash core team is currently hiring C++ developers. Up to eight of them!", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00133-00080140-00080366": "And referrals are most welcomed.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00134-00080366-00080944": "I don't know if that means that there's a sort of tip involved if you end up referring someone who gets hired", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00135-00080944-00081294": "but I think it's a safe bet to say that there at least might be.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00136-00081294-00081722": "If Ryan doesn't tip you I'll tip you just let me know.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00137-00081722-00082378": "So again, you'll find the details about the C++ job openings in the description section as well.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00138-00082378-00082638": "So that's it for DASH: Detailed this week.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00139-00082638-00082994": "What am I saying? Not this week. That's it for Wednesday because, what?", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00140-00082994-00083446": "DASH: Detailed is launching our new Spotlight series on Fridays.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00141-00083446-00084086": "So come back on Friday same time — 12 noon EST — for our first in the Spotlight series.", "iYpmJTDg_hu-00142-00084086-00084188": "I’ll see you then."}}, {"audio_id": "iYFkWFkb2UU", "text": {"iYFkWFkb2UU-00000-00000000-00000310": "Good afternoon, today we are talking to a representative of", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00001-00000310-00000938": "ELAC Study Vacations, Tim. Tim is going to tell us about summer camps in Great Britain.", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00002-00000938-00000994": "Hi, Tim.", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00003-00000994-00001056": "Hi.", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00004-00001056-00001634": "Please tell me why do you think is it a good idea to send kids to a summer camp in the UK?", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00005-00001634-00002176": "Yeah, I mean, it such a great experience for them to have an opportunity to come to the UK,", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00006-00002176-00002858": "to learn about British culture, to learn everything they can to improve their language skills and", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00007-00002858-00003344": "they can gain a lot of confidence in activating the language also with us. Not just in a classroom", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00008-00003344-00003914": "scenario - but also in activities, on the cultural trips and excursions. It's something", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00009-00003914-00004192": "that they really need to embrace and make the most of their opportunities.", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00010-00004192-00005686": "They have a lot of opportunities to improve their language skills. So I think that they really want to", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00011-00005686-00006338": "focus on the reason and practicing as much as possible. They get the opportunity to meet", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00012-00006338-00006806": "students from all over the world and really practice if you wish with them, and also learn", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00013-00006806-00007418": "about each other’s cultures, and gain some understanding of each other and culture and", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00014-00007418-00007802": "that really helps for their language learning as well. And that helps for their development", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00015-00007802-00008412": "of the language as well. And so, all in all, I think they’ll find something really positive.", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00016-00008412-00008852": "We all make sure they practice their English and improve their English. And they have a", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00017-00008852-00009264": "life experience that will help them in their development in the further life when they", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00018-00009264-00009778": "go to university in the UK or in their business life in the future.", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00019-00009778-00010398": "And what is the best age to go to summer camp: 7, 6, 15? What do you recommend?", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00020-00010398-00010978": "We have an age range of 7 to 17. We have a range of different students and different", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00021-00010978-00011630": "ages. The most important thing isn’t assorting the age is the ability and the confidence", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00022-00011630-00012206": "that the student has in themselves. So a 7 year old can be very confident, can be very", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00023-00012206-00012684": "outgoing, can have a good language ability whilst a 13 year old maybe doesn’t have", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00024-00012684-00013236": "the level of English they need to have an order to be comfortable, confident and they", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00025-00013236-00013769": "don’t have the social communications skills in order to be confident. That is not an age thing, really.", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00026-00013769-00014334": "It’s confidence, it’s the ability to speak the language. And how willing you are", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00027-00014334-00014868": "to immerse yourself in that kind of situation. Especially when you come over as an individual.", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00028-00014868-00015169": "And safety is one of biggest concerns of parents:", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00029-00015169-00015502": "what do you do to make it really safe?", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00030-00015502-00015684": "Yeah, I mean you are right.", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00031-00015684-00016206": "And it’s the most important thing to ask turn when it comes up. I’m a parent myself, I have two daughters and", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00032-00016206-00016768": "I always think of my situation, if taking them to another country to", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00033-00016768-00017256": "learn a different language or whatever it may be. And safety is definitely important.", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00034-00017256-00017888": "We have full team of stuff that look after the students in lessons, in activities,", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00035-00017888-00018412": "on the social program. We have full management team, they look after the welfare of the students.", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00036-00018416-00018958": "We are accredited by the British council, are a member of “English UK”. We have inspections by", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00037-00018960-00019392": "the British council every few years in order to make sure that everything we have in place", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00038-00019392-00019922": "is to the standards that the British council requires. And we take this very seriously.", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00039-00019922-00020428": "The most important thing is the welfare of our students. That’s a №1 priority.", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00040-00020428-00020840": "How many centers do you have? And which one is the best?", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00041-00020840-00021412": "So we have 8 different centers around the UK. I guess, trying to say which one’s the", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00042-00021412-00021976": "best is always difficult because everybody has different criteria of what they want.", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00043-00021976-00022268": "So, we have centers that have really good accommodations,", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00044-00022268-00022564": "so maybe accommodation is №1 of your priority.", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00045-00022565-00022976": "We have centers that have very good sport facilities and maybe sport facilities are", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00046-00022976-00023552": "up there. We have university centers, we have boarding schools. So it all depends on what", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00047-00023552-00024056": "you want. Ardingly College is a beautiful college, it has good centers and accommodation,", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00048-00024056-00024586": "has good facilities. And it’s close to London as well, so that’s a very good center.", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00049-00024586-00024764": "Ok, thank you very much for the information.", "iYFkWFkb2UU-00050-00024764-00025054": "You are welcome. I hope to see you soon!"}}, {"audio_id": "iYNbrH-SxLo", "text": {"iYNbrH-SxLo-00000-00004392-00004703": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00001-00004703-00005017": "meaning", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00002-00005017-00006845": "so we oh we woke up this morning Toni two degrees Celsius bit chilly producer", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00003-00006845-00007272": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00004-00007272-00009554": "you can talk as lor at the same time [Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00005-00009554-00010811": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00006-00010811-00012068": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00007-00012068-00013325": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00008-00013325-00014230": "another day of riding hey everyone and welcome to my channel scuba travel an adventure in", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00009-00014230-00015083": "this second episode we went from Valmont British Columbia towards Green Lake that's in Emerald", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00010-00015083-00015887": "Bay where we have spent the night and overnight we had an opportunity that one of the Rangers", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00011-00015887-00016455": "joined us for drinks and stayed with us for a few hours there in the morning as we woke", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00012-00016455-00017211": "up in this beautiful location our next target was to reach our Creek recreational site and", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00013-00017211-00017986": "to get there we decided to go a little bit more a challenging road and that road it's", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00014-00017986-00018584": "called pavilion Clinton Road where we have encountered a beautiful sceneries along the", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00015-00018584-00019051": "way and we stopped for lunch watching fish jumping out of the water", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00016-00019051-00021476": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00017-00021476-00023901": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00018-00023901-00026325": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00019-00026325-00031011": "before they are booyah booyah booyah", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00020-00031011-00032168": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00021-00032168-00033324": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00022-00033324-00034481": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00023-00034481-00036280": "- beautiful here it's a pretty candle but stuff that is drogon doing boys on the night", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00024-00036280-00037018": "to set up good I look at you guys you guys are all set up professionals nice and numb", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00025-00037018-00038973": "and I'm here do anything by this night movie don't go find your school that's our spot", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00026-00038973-00040181": "for a second night and where are we by the way guys in the lake yeah Green Lake in the", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00027-00040181-00040626": "British Columbia it doesn't look green to be honest but they call it a Green Lake", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00028-00040626-00043525": "got it [Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00029-00043525-00046203": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00030-00046203-00049687": "[Music] we had a really good night of sleep on the lake and we were lucky enough that", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00031-00049687-00050506": "one of the Rangers joined us to stay a party till almost midnight having some drinks and", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00032-00050506-00051446": "food the night was way warmer and nice bath in the lake first thing in the morning that", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00033-00051446-00052045": "feels great all refreshed and we are ready for another day full of adventure let's see", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00034-00052045-00052591": "what I will bring Wow getting that Lake is actually stretching quite a bit gorgeous area", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00035-00052591-00053357": "and the weather is on our side for now a bit of rain yesterday here but nothing really", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00036-00053357-00054050": "to be worried about and we arrived here was nice and sunny full moon at night bright night", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00037-00054050-00055636": "it looks like we're leaving the cold behind I was getting warmer in that part of this", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00038-00055636-00056872": "province there was you the further south we get it gets also probably only about 400 kilometers", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00039-00056872-00057347": "east from the Pacific Ocean", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00040-00057347-00058067": "right now that's a good time to be in here even though it is a bit cooler but later you", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00041-00058067-00059282": "know because it's it's getting hot in here summer months and all the grasses burned out", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00042-00059282-00075161": "from the Sun and right now is older all the green colors are popping and it's beautiful", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00043-00075161-00075555": "and the weather is sonar side nice cloud a sky blue sky", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00044-00075555-00075660": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00045-00075660-00075766": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00046-00075766-00075872": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00047-00075872-00076188": "[Music] I'm Clinton", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00048-00076188-00076294": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00049-00076294-00076401": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00050-00076401-00077683": "I washed my hair finally so if you clean afresh this guy here mark is starting to cook soup", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00051-00077683-00081506": "of the day is a la chic on pull a chicken", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00052-00081506-00087581": "polluting  the lake man oh my gosh whale watching [Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00053-00087581-00097250": "what a beautiful view on this road here", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00054-00097250-00098301": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00055-00098301-00099351": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00056-00099351-00100404": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00057-00100404-00101455": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00058-00101455-00102505": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00059-00102505-00103557": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00060-00103557-00104608": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00061-00104608-00105660": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00062-00105660-00106711": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00063-00106711-00107763": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00064-00107763-00108815": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00065-00108815-00109866": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00066-00109866-00110916": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00067-00110916-00111969": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00068-00111969-00117226": "[Music] Oh psst Hamakua close", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00069-00117226-00118277": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00070-00118277-00119328": "[Applause]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00071-00119328-00120380": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00072-00120380-00122482": "[Music] hmmm", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00073-00122482-00123533": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00074-00123533-00124584": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00075-00124584-00125636": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00076-00125636-00126688": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00077-00126688-00127739": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00078-00127739-00137673": "[Music] let's go ahead doing [Music] okay lock on the way down exactly it's always much", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00079-00137673-00137867": "easy to climb it that going down", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00080-00137867-00138561": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00081-00138561-00139254": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00082-00139254-00139947": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00083-00139947-00140640": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00084-00140640-00141333": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00085-00141333-00142026": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00086-00142026-00142719": "[Music]", "iYNbrH-SxLo-00087-00142719-00143412": "[Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "iYOUg-DwqYQ", "text": {"iYOUg-DwqYQ-00000-00000000-00000272": "hello everyone and welcome back to rascal tv", "iYOUg-DwqYQ-00001-00000368-00000888": "disabling the use of usb storage devices on your computer is a good option if you want to", "iYOUg-DwqYQ-00002-00000888-00001440": "prevent others from copying crucial materials and files from your computer via usb storage devices", "iYOUg-DwqYQ-00003-00001536-00002048": "you can achieve this by restricting access to removable storage disks or preventing removable", "iYOUg-DwqYQ-00004-00002048-00002680": "storage devices from connecting to your computer via the usb port entirely this video will show", "iYOUg-DwqYQ-00005-00002680-00003224": "you how to disable usb storage devices on a windows 11 pc using two different methods", "iYOUg-DwqYQ-00006-00004047-00004736": "the first method is disable and restrict access to usb storage devices using group policy editor to", "iYOUg-DwqYQ-00007-00004736-00005576": "begin search gpedit on the search menu then select edit group policy expand computer configuration", "iYOUg-DwqYQ-00008-00005672-00006520": "select administrative templates double-click system and select removable storage access", "iYOUg-DwqYQ-00009-00006623-00007336": "on the right side panel locate and select these three settings one removable disks deny execute", "iYOUg-DwqYQ-00010-00007336-00008031": "access to removable disks deny red access and three removable disks deny right access", "iYOUg-DwqYQ-00011-00008136-00008680": "double-click on each settings and set it to enable this will disable execute read and", "iYOUg-DwqYQ-00012-00008680-00009224": "write access to all removable disks connected to the computer including usb storage devices", "iYOUg-DwqYQ-00013-00009328-00009984": "set it to not configured or disabled to allow usb storage devices to be used", "iYOUg-DwqYQ-00014-00010608-00011168": "the second method is disable and restrict access to usb storage devices using registry editor", "iYOUg-DwqYQ-00015-00011264-00011544": "to begin search regedit on the search menu", "iYOUg-DwqYQ-00016-00011640-00012328": "then select registry editor go to computer hkey local machine expand system", "iYOUg-DwqYQ-00017-00012752-00013328": "expand current control set expand services then select usb thor", "iYOUg-DwqYQ-00018-00013863-00014216": "and then locate the d word value name start on the right side panel", "iYOUg-DwqYQ-00019-00014312-00014936": "the default value data of start is three double click on start and set its value data to four", "iYOUg-DwqYQ-00020-00015040-00015640": "to have the changes take effect restart windows 11. this disables the use of usb", "iYOUg-DwqYQ-00021-00015640-00016160": "storage devices on the computer by preventing any usb storage device from connecting to it", "iYOUg-DwqYQ-00022-00016247-00016728": "if you have any question just comment down below if you like this video don't", "iYOUg-DwqYQ-00023-00016728-00017472": "forget to leave a like comment share and subscribe thank you and see you again"}}, {"audio_id": "iYSC3AI16PE", "text": {"iYSC3AI16PE-00000-00000025-00000215": "Jun Murai There’s going to be three points.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00001-00000215-00000704": "The first point is internationalization of the Internet.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00002-00000704-00001375": "When the Internet started, I was sitting outside the United States so in order to make the", "iYSC3AI16PE-00003-00001375-00002210": "Internet to be kind of a global entity I’ve been involved as one of the key persons outside", "iYSC3AI16PE-00004-00002210-00002674": "the U.S. for the development of the Internet.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00005-00002674-00003232": "That's the internationalization and the globalization type of a thing, because each of the countries", "iYSC3AI16PE-00006-00003232-00003753": "has a different philosophy about the Internet, I mean the networks, computer networks, and", "iYSC3AI16PE-00007-00003753-00004229": "then they got together and made it into a single Internet.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00008-00004229-00004360": "That's one of the work.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00009-00004360-00005023": "And probably one of my very well known works is a RFC 822.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00010-00005023-00006025": "Email content was originally defined as English ASCII and now it's a multi-lingual thing.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00011-00006025-00006945": "That’s some of the work I did - internationalization and globalization were one area.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00012-00006945-00007373": "The second area is that I’ve been serving as a technical.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00013-00007373-00008075": "I came from a UNIX operating system background and I have a very big number of friends in", "iYSC3AI16PE-00014-00008075-00008772": "the UNIX area and also working on computer networks, so I came from a technical background.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00015-00008772-00009546": "But I also have been working on the domain name operation system - including root CERT.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00016-00009546-00010031": "I have been chairing the root CERT operators.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00017-00010031-00010653": "The name DNS - domain name system - is from the early ’80s.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00018-00010653-00011582": "They were facing in the intellectual property area and the entire Internet community had", "iYSC3AI16PE-00019-00011582-00012327": "to be communicating and discussing things with the intellectual property community.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00020-00012327-00012911": "And that’s really the start of “Internet governance” – who’s going to make the", "iYSC3AI16PE-00021-00012911-00013023": "decisions in the world.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00022-00013023-00013404": "It was a kind of a seed of the ICANN process.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00023-00013404-00014476": "I have been serving for the initial ICANN board that is based on that work, so I'm basically", "iYSC3AI16PE-00024-00014476-00015329": "the first group of people for the technical and the policy connection.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00025-00015329-00015560": "So that’s the second role of mine.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00026-00015560-00016259": "The third role, of course, is that since Japan was involved in the early stages of the Internet", "iYSC3AI16PE-00027-00016259-00017059": "so I was so kind of working with China, Korea and other parts of Asia, so the Asia Internet", "iYSC3AI16PE-00028-00017059-00017842": "development was one of the things that I did in my career.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00029-00017842-00018740": "You know we talked about the global Internet and we decided to create the organization", "iYSC3AI16PE-00030-00018740-00018923": "called the Internet Society.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00031-00018923-00019676": "I mean so that's one of the discussion between among persons like Vint Cerf and Larry Landweber", "iYSC3AI16PE-00032-00019676-00020006": "and Dave Farber and myself.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00033-00020006-00021086": "We discussed the strong demand for having kind of a single organization to handle the", "iYSC3AI16PE-00034-00021086-00021548": "startup up of the Internet from all over the world.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00035-00021548-00022875": "I was kind of a very strong requester of such organizations because when we were starting", "iYSC3AI16PE-00036-00022875-00023716": "and working in Japan there was a lot of misunderstanding about computer networking connecting us as", "iYSC3AI16PE-00037-00023716-00023829": "a country.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00038-00023829-00024144": "It was pretty hard.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00039-00024144-00024850": "I could see in the future - after Japan that many other countries were going to face the", "iYSC3AI16PE-00040-00024850-00025008": "same problems.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00041-00025008-00025831": "Therefore the experience had to be stored in one place to be used for the next possible", "iYSC3AI16PE-00042-00025831-00025998": "opportunities.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00043-00025998-00026330": "So in order to do that then let’s create some kind of organization.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00044-00026330-00027419": "I believe Vint and Larry said in 1990, “Here is the organization you were talking about,", "iYSC3AI16PE-00045-00027419-00027555": "how do you like it?”", "iYSC3AI16PE-00046-00027555-00028141": "That was the original idea behind the Internet Society and that was in ’91 actually.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00047-00028141-00029005": "And then we had INET – the first INET – in Denmark in ’91 and then the first ISOC-based", "iYSC3AI16PE-00048-00029005-00029624": "INET in ’92 which was hosted by myself in Kobe.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00049-00029624-00030336": "So the very first, original ISOC INET was in Japan, hosted by myself.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00050-00030336-00031033": "That was very much an honor and a pride of our group in the entire Internet community", "iYSC3AI16PE-00051-00031033-00031169": "in Japan.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00052-00031169-00032036": "And one more thing is at that time there was a discussion about the next-generation Internet", "iYSC3AI16PE-00053-00032036-00032938": "protocols and the idea of which was, at that time, called IP version 7, and then it was", "iYSC3AI16PE-00054-00032938-00033243": "connecting with an ISO's IP.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00055-00033243-00034285": "So they had a lot of hot discussions throughout ’92, including at the INET time.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00056-00034285-00034771": "Therefore they decided to reconstruct the IETF and IAB structure.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00057-00034771-00035635": "The IAB used to be called the Internet Activities Board but then after the reconstruction in", "iYSC3AI16PE-00058-00035635-00036136": "’92 the IAB named themselves the Internet Architecture Board.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00059-00036136-00036697": "This was kind of a representation of the big big change in the structure.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00060-00036697-00037628": "So I became a new IAB member - Internet Architecture Board member - to start rethinking, redesigning", "iYSC3AI16PE-00061-00037628-00038612": "the next generation of the Internet Protocol, which was later becoming the IP version 6.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00062-00038612-00039366": "So throughout that process I've been very much involved with IP version 6 - the development", "iYSC3AI16PE-00063-00039366-00039780": "and the design - utilizing my team in Japan.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00064-00039780-00040650": "So therefore, Japan and Asia had a very strong contribution to the IP version 6 deployment", "iYSC3AI16PE-00065-00040650-00040963": "and the design and the development.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00066-00040963-00042096": "That's another part of the very very important contribution from myself and my group to the", "iYSC3AI16PE-00067-00042096-00042293": "Internet community.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00068-00042293-00043159": "Well, it is sunny partly stormy.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00069-00043159-00043780": "The Internet is now accepted as the basis of society all over the world, so that's a", "iYSC3AI16PE-00070-00043780-00044013": "very very sunny side of the story.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00071-00044013-00045080": "It is kind of stormy because of the situation about - now telephone structure, in the global", "iYSC3AI16PE-00072-00045080-00046150": "basis, turned out to be an Internet-based communications scheme and a lot of conflicts", "iYSC3AI16PE-00073-00046150-00046469": "and change has to be done.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00074-00046469-00047011": "In many parts of the world it's a hardly accepted in a way.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00075-00047011-00047833": "So the Internet is okay but the telephone system goodness should be kept - many people", "iYSC3AI16PE-00076-00047833-00047976": "think that way.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00077-00047976-00048743": "So one group of people is thinking that telephone voice communication should be on top of the", "iYSC3AI16PE-00078-00048743-00049146": "Internet so that it is going to be kind of like applications and services on top of the", "iYSC3AI16PE-00079-00049146-00049246": "Internet.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00080-00049246-00050211": "The other group is considering that the telephone system is the way to work - kind of a diplomatic", "iYSC3AI16PE-00081-00050211-00050727": "tool connecting the word in the international space.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00082-00050727-00051933": "So the question is how can we keep this diplomatic system so the telephone system can kind of", "iYSC3AI16PE-00083-00051933-00052330": "survive or what's going to be the future of this one?", "iYSC3AI16PE-00084-00052330-00053002": "This type of different discussion is going on, especially in the ITU and the United Nations", "iYSC3AI16PE-00085-00053002-00053117": "space.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00086-00053117-00053788": "I sincerely hope that these very big, different discussions are going to be kind of meeting", "iYSC3AI16PE-00087-00053788-00054788": "together and mutually understood to a better conclusion for the direction as a whole.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00088-00054788-00055508": "But still there's a lot of distance between those two discussions, so that's something", "iYSC3AI16PE-00089-00055508-00056021": "I'm worrying about very much today.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00090-00056021-00056895": "My concern is that policy thing.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00091-00056895-00057720": "The Internet is a truly global space that’s kind of almost a miracle that human beings", "iYSC3AI16PE-00092-00057720-00057850": "created.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00093-00057850-00058233": "It's a global space.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00094-00058233-00058727": "We do have an international space but it is kind of a collection of the nations and the", "iYSC3AI16PE-00095-00058727-00059522": "governments involved, so those two things are coexisting because government activities", "iYSC3AI16PE-00096-00059522-00059845": "and people's lives are now based on the Internet.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00097-00059845-00060653": "Therefore, they both have to be connected and converged nicely.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00098-00060653-00060947": "That should be achieved.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00099-00060947-00061855": "I'm optimistic that we can achieve that, but in order to reach them you have to very carefully", "iYSC3AI16PE-00100-00061855-00063423": "speak and discuss the future model of those two aspects of the digital communication area.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00101-00063423-00064001": "The hope and the fear are kind of coexisting - that's a really important part.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00102-00064001-00064926": "The hope is, when we are creating the truly distributed environment around our globe - this", "iYSC3AI16PE-00103-00064926-00065767": "planet - we can get the benefit from all the data and the things connected to the Internet", "iYSC3AI16PE-00104-00065767-00066401": "so it can be described as an Internet of things and a lot of data.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00105-00066401-00067092": "And then anybody can learn from those data because it's an open space, and that's going", "iYSC3AI16PE-00106-00067092-00067887": "to be the hope: that the Internet the infrastructure is going to be providing the platform for", "iYSC3AI16PE-00107-00067887-00068714": "the people on this planet to work jointly for the creation of the future.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00108-00068714-00069655": "That's a very very hopeful situation of the Internet.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00109-00069655-00070202": "Well actually the really essential thing is that the kind of technically global thing", "iYSC3AI16PE-00110-00070202-00071508": "is probably well understood, but the importance of respecting the nations, cultures, governments", "iYSC3AI16PE-00111-00071508-00071805": "is still really important.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00112-00071805-00072691": "So the merging of those two sometimes can be described as a cyber-physical system.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00113-00072691-00073245": "“Cyber” meaning the global Internet space and “physical” meaning the physical space", "iYSC3AI16PE-00114-00073245-00073754": "and geo-locational and therefore the governments and nations involved.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00115-00073754-00074285": "And the cyber and physical are going to be working together nicely.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00116-00074285-00074501": "That’s an action.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00117-00074501-00075105": "We understand about the global space about digital communication and based on that understanding", "iYSC3AI16PE-00118-00075105-00076427": "we’re going to develop the new diplomatic space among the governments - which is", "iYSC3AI16PE-00119-00076427-00076527": "the international relationship.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00120-00076527-00076957": "I have been involved on the Internet car and the Internet and TV these days, and then there's", "iYSC3AI16PE-00121-00076957-00077696": "medical information.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00122-00077696-00078445": "Thirty percent of the entire population on this planet is using the Internet now.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00123-00078445-00079161": "In the advanced countries of the Internet it is more than 80 percent, 90 percent of", "iYSC3AI16PE-00124-00079161-00079460": "the population are Internet users.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00125-00079460-00080213": "So the 30 percent of the global population is going to become 80 percent – so everybody,", "iYSC3AI16PE-00126-00080213-00080995": "everybody on this planet will be users of the Internet pretty soon.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00127-00080995-00081720": "What we can do and what's going to be the better way - the rules, that kind of thing", "iYSC3AI16PE-00128-00081720-00082276": "- has to be very much discussed in different ways.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00129-00082276-00083024": "That’s what we have to do for the future so the future action for the Internet for", "iYSC3AI16PE-00130-00083024-00083257": "everybody and everything.", "iYSC3AI16PE-00131-00083257-00083539": "That's probably the most important future action."}}, {"audio_id": "iZ7LMqnIGLg", "text": {"iZ7LMqnIGLg-00000-00000000-00004799": "I spent several minutes of my life making this video.", "iZ7LMqnIGLg-00001-00004824-00004978": "oh thank god it's over"}}, {"audio_id": "iZxn5QCAMYk", "text": {"iZxn5QCAMYk-00000-00000658-00000851": "Let's talk about gestures.", "iZxn5QCAMYk-00001-00000851-00001353": "Before humans had language, presumably we had ways of communicating: pointing, touching,", "iZxn5QCAMYk-00002-00001353-00001530": "and so on.", "iZxn5QCAMYk-00003-00001530-00001713": "These things are called emblems.", "iZxn5QCAMYk-00004-00001713-00002075": "They're things that communicate something without the need for words altogether.", "iZxn5QCAMYk-00005-00002075-00002272": "Many of them are hand gestures.", "iZxn5QCAMYk-00006-00002272-00002733": "We have really primitive simple ones for saying \"Hello,\" for saying \"Goodbye\"—I guess it's", "iZxn5QCAMYk-00007-00002733-00002838": "the same one.", "iZxn5QCAMYk-00008-00002838-00003026": "Hello, goodbye, it's confusing.", "iZxn5QCAMYk-00009-00003026-00003358": "\"Come here,\" \"Go away,\" and so on.", "iZxn5QCAMYk-00010-00003358-00004004": "The head nod, the head shake, these are emblems for yes and no in the western culture.", "iZxn5QCAMYk-00011-00004004-00004264": "We also have a bunch of emblems for insulting people.", "iZxn5QCAMYk-00012-00004264-00004594": "I don't know if I need to actually demonstrate them to you.", "iZxn5QCAMYk-00013-00004594-00004888": "There's probably about six or seven that are like that.", "iZxn5QCAMYk-00014-00004888-00004988": "There we go.", "iZxn5QCAMYk-00015-00004988-00005486": "I said I wasn't going to demonstrate, but there they all are.", "iZxn5QCAMYk-00016-00005486-00005759": "There's a whole lot of theories about where they come from.", "iZxn5QCAMYk-00017-00005759-00006129": "No one really knows, but many of them are hundreds and hundreds of years old.", "iZxn5QCAMYk-00018-00006129-00006334": "Some of them, not so much.", "iZxn5QCAMYk-00019-00006334-00006522": "This is a fairly recent one, right?", "iZxn5QCAMYk-00020-00006522-00006675": "That's about twenty years old.", "iZxn5QCAMYk-00021-00006675-00006936": "I don't know if people are still doing that.", "iZxn5QCAMYk-00022-00006936-00007322": "That's something that kind of got imported from the West coast of America, the loser", "iZxn5QCAMYk-00023-00007322-00007469": "gesture.", "iZxn5QCAMYk-00024-00007469-00007750": "Some of them died out altogether, and then they come back.", "iZxn5QCAMYk-00025-00007750-00007858": "Have you seen this one?", "iZxn5QCAMYk-00026-00007858-00007980": "Do people do this?", "iZxn5QCAMYk-00027-00007980-00008176": "I think it's making a bit of a comeback.", "iZxn5QCAMYk-00028-00008176-00008443": "That's an old Shakespearian kind of thing.", "iZxn5QCAMYk-00029-00008443-00008867": "Actually in \"Romeo and Juliet,\" they say that, \"I bite my thumb at you.\"", "iZxn5QCAMYk-00030-00008867-00009037": "You flick your front teeth with your thumbnail.", "iZxn5QCAMYk-00031-00009037-00009393": "These are kind of fighting words back in Shakespearian days."}}, {"audio_id": "iZX2KjS3OCu", "text": {"iZX2KjS3OCu-00000-00000070-00000488": "Let's review the main ideas of section 3.4 in active calculus on applied", "iZX2KjS3OCu-00001-00000488-00000643": "optimization.", "iZX2KjS3OCu-00002-00000643-00000868": "There really are no new ideas in this section.", "iZX2KjS3OCu-00003-00000868-00001135": "Instead what we're going to be doing is taking the methods we've", "iZX2KjS3OCu-00004-00001135-00001574": "learned in section 3.1 and 3.3 for optimization in general.", "iZX2KjS3OCu-00005-00001574-00001904": "And put them into practice on real world problems where the high and", "iZX2KjS3OCu-00006-00001904-00002176": "low points of a function could be useful.", "iZX2KjS3OCu-00007-00002176-00002566": "So this video is not going to be long, instead we have several examples coming up", "iZX2KjS3OCu-00008-00002566-00003018": "in subsequent videos that you should study very carefully and master the techniques.", "iZX2KjS3OCu-00009-00003018-00003247": "For now, you should just understand two things.", "iZX2KjS3OCu-00010-00003247-00003681": "First, organization is key for solving optimization problems.", "iZX2KjS3OCu-00011-00003681-00004112": "You cannot successfully solve most real-world problems without spending time", "iZX2KjS3OCu-00012-00004112-00004464": "understanding the problem and setting up the solution first.", "iZX2KjS3OCu-00013-00004464-00004925": "Diving straight into a calculation from the very beginning almost never works.", "iZX2KjS3OCu-00014-00004925-00005321": "You should start every optimization problem by asking the following,", "iZX2KjS3OCu-00015-00005321-00005653": "what is the quantity in this problem I'm being asked to optimize?", "iZX2KjS3OCu-00016-00005653-00005852": "Second, what do I know about this quantity?", "iZX2KjS3OCu-00017-00005852-00006026": "Is there a formula that specifies it?", "iZX2KjS3OCu-00018-00006026-00006464": "Is there enough information in the problem to setup such a formula, and so on.", "iZX2KjS3OCu-00019-00006464-00006788": "Third, how does the target quantity that I'm trying to optimize", "iZX2KjS3OCu-00020-00006788-00007023": "were laid to the other quantities in this problem?", "iZX2KjS3OCu-00021-00007023-00007470": "And can I write an expression that makes that relationship formal?", "iZX2KjS3OCu-00022-00007470-00007868": "And most importantly, can I express the target quantity that I want to optimize in", "iZX2KjS3OCu-00023-00007868-00008263": "terms of exactly one of the other variables in the problem?", "iZX2KjS3OCu-00024-00008263-00008411": "This is really crucial,", "iZX2KjS3OCu-00025-00008411-00008821": "all optimization problems turn on being able to make your target quantity.", "iZX2KjS3OCu-00026-00008821-00009004": "That is the quantity you wish to maximize or", "iZX2KjS3OCu-00027-00009004-00009419": "minimize, a function of one and only one input variable.", "iZX2KjS3OCu-00028-00009419-00009726": "So in step three, you might have come up with a relationship between your target", "iZX2KjS3OCu-00029-00009726-00010051": "quantity and the other quantities that involve several variables.", "iZX2KjS3OCu-00030-00010051-00010324": "Now, you need to do whatever mathematics it takes", "iZX2KjS3OCu-00031-00010324-00010747": "to get this down to a function of one of those other variables.", "iZX2KjS3OCu-00032-00010747-00011226": "Second, organizing a solution involves careful representation of the problem.", "iZX2KjS3OCu-00033-00011226-00011577": "You will need to draw pictures, make tables of data, take examples of", "iZX2KjS3OCu-00034-00011577-00011946": "the problem and so on, before general solutions will really come to you.", "iZX2KjS3OCu-00035-00011946-00012365": "You need to expect this to take time and a little bit of failure first.", "iZX2KjS3OCu-00036-00012365-00012739": "But the more success you have at it in the end, the better you will get at it.", "iZX2KjS3OCu-00037-00012739-00013490": "Now let's look at a few examples of applied optimization."}}, {"audio_id": "iZanz6ld0u8", "text": {"iZanz6ld0u8-00000-00000836-00001764": "Daniel Evans: Looking at precipitation reactions precipitation reactions are where we are mixing to aqueous ionic solutions together.", "iZanz6ld0u8-00001-00001910-00002628": "Daniel Evans: So for one aqueous solution in the solution we have free cat is free and I couldn't run", "iZanz6ld0u8-00002-00002751-00003333": "Daniel Evans: So a mix the solutions together. We have to Karen's to analyze format.", "iZanz6ld0u8-00003-00003501-00004119": "Daniel Evans: That gives us a total of four possible combinations. The original two and two possible products.", "iZanz6ld0u8-00004-00004293-00005379": "Daniel Evans: So what I do first is right out of the possible products here and then we'll look at the solubility roles decide if we have a reaction going on.", "iZanz6ld0u8-00005-00005505-00006417": "Daniel Evans: So looking at the two possible products we're going to combine the kind of the first with the end of the second", "iZanz6ld0u8-00006-00006594-00006723": "Daniel Evans: Academy in a second.", "iZanz6ld0u8-00007-00006840-00007014": "Daniel Evans: With the end of the first", "iZanz6ld0u8-00008-00007131-00007758": "Daniel Evans: And when we do that, we have no charges of these i. And so we can write out the proper products.", "iZanz6ld0u8-00009-00008004-00008048": "Daniel Evans: So,", "iZanz6ld0u8-00010-00008241-00008580": "Daniel Evans: Sodium a up and I don't know the plus one charge.", "iZanz6ld0u8-00011-00008709-00009630": "Daniel Evans: Nitrate all time kind we have to memorize Apple atomic ions nitrate three comes with a negative one charge.", "iZanz6ld0u8-00012-00009768-00010026": "Daniel Evans: So we have positive and negative one, we're going to have to be", "iZanz6ld0u8-00013-00010206-00010266": "Daniel Evans: In a", "iZanz6ld0u8-00014-00010368-00010461": "Daniel Evans: No three.", "iZanz6ld0u8-00015-00010563-00010986": "Daniel Evans: And right now we see that we have to have each so they're coming in from it.", "iZanz6ld0u8-00016-00011370-00012537": "Daniel Evans: So this to does not follow the subscript on the sodium does not the two here does not follow the subscript on the nitrate, but they'll end up in front as a cool patient", "iZanz6ld0u8-00017-00012630-00014202": "Daniel Evans: Be such scripts that too. And this to are reflective of the charges of the software software is a two minus the barium is a two plus. So since this the same magnitude charge two plus two minus yes need one a beach to make the neutral.", "iZanz6ld0u8-00018-00014769-00015213": "Daniel Evans: So those are the two other possible products, once you mix together these two", "iZanz6ld0u8-00019-00015324-00016668": "Daniel Evans: If one of these is insoluble, it'll fall out of the solution as a precipitate a solid and reaction war curb the both aqueous have good both soluble, the normal reaction actually occurs.", "iZanz6ld0u8-00020-00016887-00017223": "Daniel Evans: So the second one we have sodium bromide.", "iZanz6ld0u8-00021-00017334-00017721": "Daniel Evans: We're going to take that story. And we're going to combine it with the acetate.", "iZanz6ld0u8-00022-00017877-00018045": "Daniel Evans: Going to take the silver combine it with the", "iZanz6ld0u8-00023-00018372-00019020": "Daniel Evans: Sodium up and there was a positive one charge bromine a halogen as a negative one chart.", "iZanz6ld0u8-00024-00019170-00019758": "Daniel Evans: Silver is a transition that was one of the transition metals with predictable charge of positive one.", "iZanz6ld0u8-00025-00020058-00021105": "Daniel Evans: Acetate again a polyatomic ions, they have to learn our polyatomic ions memorize or Paul sometimes st has a negative women charged to a positive, one negative one.", "iZanz6ld0u8-00026-00021234-00021426": "Daniel Evans: So we have a sodium has to", "iZanz6ld0u8-00027-00021921-00022302": "Daniel Evans: And then a silver with a bromide a positive, one negative one. So,", "iZanz6ld0u8-00028-00022872-00023145": "Daniel Evans: So to figure out if a reaction occurs.", "iZanz6ld0u8-00029-00023277-00023661": "Daniel Evans: We need to know how to use our solid built the rules.", "iZanz6ld0u8-00030-00023814-00024921": "Daniel Evans: This will be posted on canvas. There's a slightly different version of them different formatting that's on the periodic table will be giving them tests. Awesome.", "iZanz6ld0u8-00031-00025119-00025875": "Daniel Evans: So the top portion by the line or generally cycle and the first several these have no exceptions.", "iZanz6ld0u8-00032-00025992-00026558": "Daniel Evans: So are alkaline metals. The themes are in potassium breeding season.", "iZanz6ld0u8-00033-00026787-00027132": "Daniel Evans: They will always be soluble, no matter what the combine", "iZanz6ld0u8-00034-00027249-00027627": "Daniel Evans: The ammonia mind also always soluble. No matter whether combined", "iZanz6ld0u8-00035-00027756-00028206": "Daniel Evans: And that's the only rules that we have directly for positive ions for Caroline's", "iZanz6ld0u8-00036-00028335-00028755": "Daniel Evans: So these will be exceptions down near the generally inside", "iZanz6ld0u8-00037-00028998-00029570": "Daniel Evans: compounds that contain nitrate acetate or perchlorate are always soluble, no exceptions also", "iZanz6ld0u8-00038-00030006-00030330": "Daniel Evans: The halogens, chlorine, bromine idling", "iZanz6ld0u8-00039-00030464-00031524": "Daniel Evans: Are generally. So I want. And now we have a couple of exceptions silver halide copper one highlighted mercury one highlight and that to a light or", "iZanz6ld0u8-00040-00031577-00033093": "Daniel Evans: Insoluble so that they would form precipitates Sophos are generally survival but barium sulfate one solve it in there to solve it for insoluble strikes him soft calcium sulfate or", "iZanz6ld0u8-00041-00033246-00033738": "Daniel Evans: very slightly cycle. So they are often from Cypriots also", "iZanz6ld0u8-00042-00034026-00034512": "Daniel Evans: The AI NS the energies are generally inside. Want to our hydroxide", "iZanz6ld0u8-00043-00034803-00035331": "Daniel Evans: So law these hydroxide, the metal hydroxide. Sodium Hydroxide soluble.", "iZanz6ld0u8-00044-00035460-00036456": "Daniel Evans: And then cast him strontium barium hydroxide or slightly soluble struck struck CyberKnife to be considered a strong basis, but we still might get precipitated", "iZanz6ld0u8-00045-00036609-00037983": "Daniel Evans: carbonates are insoluble except for our after no permits and William, which are the soluble phosphates or insoluble except for our app and metal phosphates ammonium plastic which was stable.", "iZanz6ld0u8-00046-00038127-00038232": "Daniel Evans: sulphides", "iZanz6ld0u8-00047-00038397-00040059": "Daniel Evans: And crummy are inside war, except for metal and ammonium, which are soluble. So looking at what we have a sodium nitrate. Those are both always side. So that would be aqueous", "iZanz6ld0u8-00048-00040218-00041142": "Daniel Evans: sodium acetate also both outside table. So that'd be aqueous only one that is always soluble and it will be soluble.", "iZanz6ld0u8-00049-00041289-00041646": "Daniel Evans: Barium sulfate. The Sophie is generally Seibel", "iZanz6ld0u8-00050-00041763-00042399": "Daniel Evans: Works in various forms of passivity. So this will be our precipitate, which formed a solid", "iZanz6ld0u8-00051-00042675-00043149": "Daniel Evans: Then silver bromide. He halogens are generally Seibel", "iZanz6ld0u8-00052-00043284-00043617": "Daniel Evans: Except with that silver. So this will be a precipitate.", "iZanz6ld0u8-00053-00043902-00044031": "Daniel Evans: Now, will be art solid"}}, {"audio_id": "ia2vZxTupkA", "text": {"ia2vZxTupkA-00000-00001414-00001688": "Start eating", "ia2vZxTupkA-00001-00001802-00001980": "Noooooo！！！", "ia2vZxTupkA-00002-00002046-00002136": "Well... Then...", "ia2vZxTupkA-00003-00002186-00002236": "ZAP~", "ia2vZxTupkA-00004-00002486-00002870": "Recently I feel that the world is playing animal crossing", "ia2vZxTupkA-00005-00002870-00002998": "NPC are soooo cute！", "ia2vZxTupkA-00006-00002998-00003100": "To quote from my friends, these cute characters make people want to eat.", "ia2vZxTupkA-00007-00003240-00003408": "So， let's eat them today! LOL", "ia2vZxTupkA-00008-00003408-00003726": "The method of making cookies and icing sugar is mentioned in the previous video.", "ia2vZxTupkA-00009-00004022-00004262": "Did you sell all your veggies today?", "ia2vZxTupkA-00010-00027382-00027710": "This is the costume for the cherry blossom season", "ia2vZxTupkA-00011-00028352-00028402": "Thank you for watching~ Please feel free to share your Animal crossing island ID at the comment section below！", "ia2vZxTupkA-00012-00028402-00028622": "Love ya~"}}, {"audio_id": "iahX95xmmjy", "text": {"iahX95xmmjy-00000-00000050-00000508": "method of payment", "iahX95xmmjy-00001-00000686-00000942": "Can I pay for these books by using my credit card", "iahX95xmmjy-00002-00001028-00001310": "Yes, you can, but we prefer cash", "iahX95xmmjy-00003-00001376-00001538": "Why do you prefer cash?", "iahX95xmmjy-00004-00001614-00001926": "You'll see in a second, after we've made the transaction", "iahX95xmmjy-00006-00002624-00002862": "Here it is, I've dialed my PIN number.", "iahX95xmmjy-00008-00003002-00003550": "See, you've paid 100 kuna and we only got 95 of it!", "iahX95xmmjy-00010-00003614-00003800": "How is that possible?", "iahX95xmmjy-00011-00003834-00004458": "And I thought they are only charging us, credit card owners, our membership fees!", "iahX95xmmjy-00012-00004512-00005118": "Yes, by paying by card – every 20th product you buy – you are actually giving it to the bank as a present.", "iahX95xmmjy-00013-00005232-00006034": "Nobody will tell you: „+5% if you're paying by card“, which would be a realistic solution because the products price increases because of it,", "iahX95xmmjy-00014-00007440-00007722": "But: Cash discount -5%, which looks the same in the end.", "iahX95xmmjy-00015-00007728-00008810": "But in that whole process and ways of working, customers and business owners are the ones that are on the loss, and the ones who profit are THE BANKS! So, when and where you can – PAY WITH CASH and don't give your money to the bank which is literally doing nothing for it."}}, {"audio_id": "iakccFVdcQy", "text": {"iakccFVdcQy-00000-00002703-00003153": "DDoch cannot join due to personal reason, because of that, Micol only will be in the video for a while.", "iakccFVdcQy-00001-00005026-00005140": "Huh? It locked?", "iakccFVdcQy-00002-00006423-00006609": "there.. From there.", "iakccFVdcQy-00003-00006676-00006873": "This is the place where I heard bell-ringing when?", "iakccFVdcQy-00004-00006946-00007186": "That chair drawn into there,", "iakccFVdcQy-00005-00007276-00007366": "Do you guys know right?", "iakccFVdcQy-00006-00007566-00007660": "What the? This…", "iakccFVdcQy-00007-00008710-00008870": "Someone hang this on purpose..", "iakccFVdcQy-00008-00010533-00010980": "In somewhere here.. door? That bell is hanging in..", "iakccFVdcQy-00009-00016496-00017140": "Micol can feel something window from right next house while micol taking a rest.", "iakccFVdcQy-00010-00019496-00020140": "Micol came back to haunted house heard sound of bell.", "iakccFVdcQy-00011-00020273-00020373": "Where are you?", "iakccFVdcQy-00012-00020660-00020746": "Ok, yeah..", "iakccFVdcQy-00013-00020956-00021056": "Let’s do it..", "iakccFVdcQy-00014-00023733-00023830": "Make that sound again.", "iakccFVdcQy-00015-00026603-00026680": "Come on out.", "iakccFVdcQy-00016-00027246-00027320": "Come on.", "iakccFVdcQy-00017-00030906-00030970": "What the f***..?", "iakccFVdcQy-00018-00031376-00031446": "What’s in there?", "iakccFVdcQy-00019-00031676-00031743": "What the?!", "iakccFVdcQy-00020-00031853-00031936": "Ready to capture!", "iakccFVdcQy-00021-00032003-00032253": "Focus on that!", "iakccFVdcQy-00022-00032490-00032610": "I think someone in there?!", "iakccFVdcQy-00023-00037220-00037346": "It moved...", "iakccFVdcQy-00024-00037543-00037673": "It moved..now..", "iakccFVdcQy-00025-00037850-00037963": "Did anyone saw move something?", "iakccFVdcQy-00026-00038703-00038866": "Before use amulet…", "iakccFVdcQy-00027-00039030-00039163": "Show me who you are", "iakccFVdcQy-00028-00039403-00039473": "What the heck..?!", "iakccFVdcQy-00029-00040186-00040273": "Hey!", "iakccFVdcQy-00030-00040653-00040743": "Come here!", "iakccFVdcQy-00031-00040953-00041056": "Come here!", "iakccFVdcQy-00032-00041260-00041343": "Come on!", "iakccFVdcQy-00033-00041533-00041620": "Come on in.", "iakccFVdcQy-00034-00042056-00042700": "The shape completely disappeared.", "iakccFVdcQy-00035-00046310-00046953": "Micol took a break before come into next house.", "iakccFVdcQy-00036-00047813-00047903": "What’s that sound..?!", "iakccFVdcQy-00037-00050070-00050156": "Who the hell are you?", "iakccFVdcQy-00038-00050716-00050803": "Wait..", "iakccFVdcQy-00039-00052866-00053183": "You could come inside whenever you want, but You can’t when you go out..", "iakccFVdcQy-00040-00056420-00057063": "There’s no towel that has to hang in there…", "iakccFVdcQy-00041-00063140-00063233": "Ready to screenshot!", "iakccFVdcQy-00042-00063423-00063543": "Ready to screenshot! Wait,", "iakccFVdcQy-00043-00065300-00065376": "What the?", "iakccFVdcQy-00044-00065703-00065790": "I saw it,", "iakccFVdcQy-00045-00065833-00066090": "Focus on that fan!", "iakccFVdcQy-00046-00066443-00066523": "Come down..", "iakccFVdcQy-00047-00067066-00067146": "Come down,", "iakccFVdcQy-00048-00067733-00067890": "Come down, you asshole!", "iakccFVdcQy-00049-00069376-00069463": "Come down!", "iakccFVdcQy-00050-00070840-00070916": "Don’t do that.", "iakccFVdcQy-00051-00071466-00071583": "I said don’t do that!", "iakccFVdcQy-00052-00072713-00072800": "Come down.", "iakccFVdcQy-00053-00074783-00074903": "I said stop this!", "iakccFVdcQy-00054-00075116-00075210": "Stop this!", "iakccFVdcQy-00055-00075743-00076113": "Come down when I say now.. Don’t do that to me.", "iakccFVdcQy-00056-00081413-00082056": "Arrive at other haunted house nearby", "iakccFVdcQy-00057-00088060-00088223": "Umm.. Here is not like so..", "iakccFVdcQy-00058-00088253-00088896": "I was supposed to go haunted house bell-ringed..", "iakccFVdcQy-00059-00089480-00089670": "Guys, first.. Let me go first place..", "iakccFVdcQy-00060-00089733-00089876": "Let me go there, guys..", "iakccFVdcQy-00061-00094413-00095153": "Micol pissed off about chat from someone who is doubtful to micol, they even want micol to show bottom of clothes. So micol did all what they ask, and show them cell-phone too.", "iakccFVdcQy-00062-00095306-00095576": "I’m so sorry! Sorry all about!", "iakccFVdcQy-00063-00095610-00095770": "I did wrong!", "iakccFVdcQy-00064-00097793-00098436": "Call was cut off as soon as micol turn back.", "iakccFVdcQy-00065-00099196-00099413": "Battery is here, guys.", "iakccFVdcQy-00066-00099460-00099610": "For sure. Battery is here.", "iakccFVdcQy-00067-00099733-00099830": "Wait.", "iakccFVdcQy-00068-00103396-00103946": "guys? Do you guys think this make sense?", "iakccFVdcQy-00069-00108940-00109083": "It’s ringing when I’m here.", "iakccFVdcQy-00070-00109109-00109320": "Guys, it’s ringing when i’m in here.", "iakccFVdcQy-00071-00110993-00111443": "After then, micol went to bell-ringing haunted house, but there’s no more teasing and abnormal phenomenon."}}, {"audio_id": "iarlrMVOvfu", "text": {"iarlrMVOvfu-00000-00000000-00000242": "In May 1921 a man was arrested in Shimonoseki.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00001-00000258-00000810": "This man, who played glitzy with geisha and was scolded by the police for the roughness of his money,", "iarlrMVOvfu-00002-00000832-00001288": "was \"Comintern's Secret Service\", Kondo Eizo.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00003-00001530-00002200": "On February 5, 1883, Eizo Kondo was born in Koishikawa, Tokyo, as the second son of a Ministry of Finance Ministry official.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00004-00002224-00002710": "Kondo was a weak and sick child at first, but he became healthier.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00005-00002730-00003174": "When he was in elementary school, he was involved in judo, and in full attend in cold practice.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00006-00003200-00003532": "The era when the \"enrich the country, strengthen the army\" screamed before or after the Sino-Japanese war,", "iarlrMVOvfu-00007-00003550-00003922": "Kondo was a militant boy who was fascinated by the “strong army”.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00008-00003928-00004568": "However, his father was a “enrich the country” -like human, and Kondo, who left high elementary school, was sent to a drug apprentice.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00009-00004602-00004936": "Kondo soon got bored.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00011-00005002-00005106": "In particular, it seems that the drugstore was selling free tap water to customers as false drugs, and from this time it began to raise doubts about \"money making\" in Kondo.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00012-00005716-00006570": "What he met at that time was the guidebook for American migration, “Guide to the United States,” written by Sen Katayama. The sign of the times had \"overseas development\" as well.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00013-00006588-00007308": "\"I want to fly to the US.\" Kondo who thought so decided to go to the United States in October 1901. He was 18 years old.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00014-00007322-00007676": "Kondo who went to the United States graduated from a local agricultural school while working.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00015-00007698-00008186": "He intended to work in the US, but he will return in 1910.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00016-00008198-00008696": "The direct reason was the death of his brother, but actually, Kondo was homesick at this time.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00017-00008726-00009044": "Kondo, who returned to Japan, becomes job-hopper.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00018-00009076-00009516": "Even though he started his business in Tokyo, his uncle who managed the property went bankrupt and fails in speculation.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00019-00009538-00009794": "He also fails to start a business with a friend.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00020-00009826-00010816": "After that, he went into Rokko mountain and started the ranch management, but his partner gave up and went down the mountain, and eventually, Kondo went down the mountain in 1913 and moved to Kobe.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00021-00010838-00011524": "Kondo, who moved to Kobe, exports antiques to friends of the American era and makes a living at shoe sellers and oden shops.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00022-00011554-00012468": "In 1916, a man named Tamamura, who is a business partner, was invited to go to the United States to do an art business together.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00023-00012496-00013172": "At this time Kondo got married and had children. Kondo decides to go back to the United States again after having lost his mind whether he takes home life or a chance to succeed in the United States.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00024-00013197-00013658": "At first, he was helping a shop in Tamamura, but most of the antiques of the shop were fake.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00025-00013694-00014172": "Kondo, who has become less and less able to withstand the foreclosure business, notices that there is something.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00026-00014191-00014644": "There are many teachers for customers who come to buy antiques. This may be a business opportunity.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00027-00014676-00015096": "Kondo who thought so quits the shop of Tamai and starts the ukiyo-e line merchant.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00028-00015116-00016232": "While traveling east from Salt Lake to the east, he took a telephone appointment to a variety of normal schools and high schools and sold ukiyo-e. This is a big hit. Everywhere he goes,  Ukiyo-e is rare and sold like flying.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00029-00016263-00017096": "However, when entering cities in New York, Boston, Philadelphia and the east coast, Ukiyo-e is not uncommon, and it is not selling well. \"What should I do?\"", "iarlrMVOvfu-00030-00017130-00017706": "Kondo, therefore, set up an office in New York and decided to mail order Ukiyo-e and drawing supplies to schools.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00031-00017740-00018546": "After sending catalogs to schools and holding exhibitions in local cities, he was finally able to balance his balance. It was about 1917.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00032-00018582-00019308": "It was about that time when the United States entered World War I. The city of New York is passionate about the \"war for freedom.\"", "iarlrMVOvfu-00033-00019342-00019638": "Meanwhile, Kondo sees a small newspaper article.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00034-00019666-00019924": "It was written there.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00035-00019946-00020302": "\"Socialist Sen Katayama has moved to New York from the West\"", "iarlrMVOvfu-00036-00020334-00020600": "Kondo remembered Katayama's name.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00037-00020634-00021016": "A man who wrote \"Guide to the United States\" who made his first decision to visit the United States.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00038-00021048-00021248": "Katayama is a socialist.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00039-00021248-00021890": "As Kondo, who has been shown the contradiction of \"moneymaking\", he would like to hear the story of socialism.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00040-00021928-00022128": "Then Kondo decided to go to see Katayama.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00041-00022190-00022574": "Katayama worked as an exclusive cook of a trader near Wall Street.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00042-00022600-00023354": "Katayama, who was famous as a socialist, was said to have been very happy to visit Kondo because he was kept away from the Japanese community in New York.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00043-00023384-00024102": "Kondo and Katayama immediately befriend, went to theaters and cinemas often together, and studied socialist theory in current events.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00044-00024134-00024334": "Such episodes remain.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00045-00024400-00024728": "One day a hyperactive hypnotist  Kimura moved to New York.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00046-00024756-00025104": "Kondo and Katayama go to see Kimura in an entertaining way.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00047-00025132-00025712": "Kimura wants to make a big profit at his show, but if it gives me a chance, he will make a profit split.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00048-00025732-00026148": "Katayama, who is a fanatic, is interested in this, and Katayama will also help.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00049-00026162-00026526": "However, there is neither connection who will go out to do the show nor money to hire people.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00050-00026554-00026754": "Kondo and Katayama also decided to participate in the show.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00051-00026852-00027404": "They wore wigs and painted them, and they danced Kappore together, but they were both bad at dancing.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00052-00027433-00028014": "It can not be imagined that the great revolutionist Katayama, who sleeps on the Kremlin wall, is dancing Kappore.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00053-00028056-00028982": "Anyway, Kondo has a close relationship with Katayama, where he joins with the radical elements of New York, and becomes a believer of communism, especially Leninism.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00054-00029014-00029388": "He also made friends with John Reed, Ruthgars, and Freina.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00055-00029408-00029854": "On August 3, 1918, a \"rice storm\" occurs in Japan.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00056-00029866-00030448": "This news was immediately reported in the United States as a newspaper and shocked by Japanese people in the United States.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00057-00030460-00031277": "As Kondo and Katayama read news about the US turmoil, they conclude that \"This is an event comparable to the 1905 Revolution.\"", "iarlrMVOvfu-00058-00031304-00032168": "\"We must organize the communist party in Japan as soon as possible.\"  Katayama also left the work of American communist front line unification, so after leaving in America he went to Russia,", "iarlrMVOvfu-00059-00032194-00032780": "Kondo immediately returned to Japan and decided to set up a communist party in Japan in response.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00060-00032814-00033092": "However, Kondo had something left to do.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00061-00033128-00033938": "Kondo, who came to associate with American educators during Ukiyo-e selling, was thinking that cultural exchange would be able to make Japan-US relations better.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00062-00033964-00035012": "At that time, the US-Japan movement was intensifying, but in a dialogue with teachers and cultural personnel, he thought that promoting cultural exchange between the general public could contribute to the goodwill of both countries.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00063-00035088-00035548": "Kondo was brought back to Japan with the recommendation of the US State Department, Senators, and university professors.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00064-00035576-00036152": "However, neither a goodwill organization nor a government agency said that \"a dream cannot be comprehended\".", "iarlrMVOvfu-00065-00036152-00036868": "Kondo was deeply disappointed at this and decided to push forward only to the promise with Katayama to organize a Communist Party.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00066-00036868-00037808": "Kondo first visited Toshihiko Sakai, and also met Hitoshi Yamakawa at the introduction of Sakai. Both of them give some \"comrade advice\" to Kondo.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00067-00037840-00038512": "One of them was \"Don't get out to the front as much as possible because once you get a bill, you will not be able to move.\"", "iarlrMVOvfu-00068-00038568-00039072": "He thought that this advice was appropriate, so Kondo was too prominent to attend meetings, etc.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00069-00039136-00039592": "So he only backed the Socialist Alliance in December 1920.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00070-00039664-00040264": "However, once in the process of socialist alliance formation, Kondo has also been on the podium.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00071-00040328-00040720": "\"One time, a man in the West screamed. Give me freedom, or  ...\"", "iarlrMVOvfu-00072-00040720-00040888": "\"Dismiss!\"", "iarlrMVOvfu-00073-00040960-00041664": "In the middle of the first sentence, he had to cancel. Kondo is said to have been taken for the first time in such stupid repression.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00074-00041736-00042112": "After that, Kondo will visit Osugi Sakae by inviting Yamakawa.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00075-00042168-00042928": "At the same time, Osugi was searching for a reissue of the Labor Movement magazine, and Yamakawa and Tsubaki intended to send Kondo as a guide to the Bol faction.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00076-00042976-00043424": "Kondo met with Osugi for the first time at the editorial meeting of the Labor Movement.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00077-00043448-00044240": "About this meeting with Osugi, it is reflected that \"we fell in the eye of Osugi.\" Moreover, he said he was deeply impressed by Osugi's guidance.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00078-00044312-00045192": "Although “Labor Movement” was an Anna-style organization paper, Kondo decided to write a commentary on Bolshevism and the Russian Revolution, using one page per issue.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00079-00045240-00045752": "This period was a joint front of the Ana-Bol group, but Yamakawa and Osugi did not get along.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00080-00045832-00046568": "However, under the umbrella of Kondo, Tsubaki and Yamakawa managed to hold back the Anarchists of \"Labor Movement\", and Osugi was able to pull money from the Bol-faction.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00081-00046632-00047408": "By the way, Osugi made money by making a voyage to Shanghai in the case of this \"Labor Movement\" reissue. Osugi was meeting with the representative of Komintern.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00082-00047480-00048344": "There were two routes to organize the Communist Party in Japan; one was by Comintern Far East Bureau, the other one is the route by the \"American Group.\"", "iarlrMVOvfu-00083-00048424-00049552": "In 1920, the Far East Bureau of Shanghai contacted Osugi and passed  2000 yen. Osugi was unwilling to move to form a Communist Party, and this money was spent on the \"Labor Movement.\"", "iarlrMVOvfu-00084-00049624-00050032": "While working under Osugi, Kondo was working underground for the formation of the Communist Party.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00085-00050104-00050512": "At such time, Yamakawa receives contact from a Korean man who is called Rin.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00086-00050552-00051104": "Rin, who is a secret agent of Comintern, has urgently created Boll's organization and asked him to contact Moscow.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00087-00051192-00052232": "At the time, Kondo, who was not tailed by police, negotiated with Rin, and eventually, Kondo crossed to Shanghai to visit the Far East Bureau. For the first time at this time, Kondo was able to contact Comintern.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00088-00052328-00053176": "At this time, the Comintern side has asked for the issuance of credentials that prove that it is a formal representative of the Japanese communist group.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00089-00053255-00053832": "Therefore, in consultation with Kashiwa and Yamakawa, the \"Comintern Japan Branch Preparation Meeting\" will be formed.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00090-00053888-00055512": "In addition to Sakai, Yamakawa, and Kondo, Arahata Samumura, Takatsu Masamichi, Hashiura Tokio, Yoshikawa Morikuni, Watanabe Michizo, and Kenji Kondo, who worked with Eizo Kondo in \"Labor Movement,\" was nominated as a member. However, it is said that Kenji Kondo decided to Osugi and applied for this invitation.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00091-00055576-00056144": "In April 1921, at the soba restaurant in Omori, the Komintern Japan Chapter Preparatory Meeting was held in secret.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00092-00056208-00057560": "The participants were Kondo, Sakai, Yamakawa, Hashiura, Takatsu. They decided to hold a formal meeting and to send a code, rules, and Kondo to Shanghai. In this way, Kondo was to leave for Shanghai.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00093-00057655-00058328": "Kondo returned safely to \"the upstream American II Japanese merchant\" and landed safely in Shanghai.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00094-00058400-00059304": "In the Far East Bureau, he met with Park Zhen-hui, Lee Dong-hui, and others. Comintern had already let Osugi go, and instructed Kondo to create a Bol-only communist movement.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00095-00059376-00060376": "Kondo was still attached to Osugi, but he did not get up in front of the thorough theory on the Comintern side. Besides, it was also required to dispatch a representative to the third round of Komintern.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00096-00060424-00061312": "Moreover, the important thing is the issue of funds. Kondo requested a monthly fee of 20,000 yen, and for the time being, this was discussed in Moscow, a lump sum of 5,600 yen was passed.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00097-00061360-00061696": "Anyway, the mission in Kondo's Shanghai is now over.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00098-00061760-00062232": "However, a tragedy was waiting for Kondo, who was on his way back to Japan in Nagasaki-maru.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00099-00062232-00063176": "On the ship, Kondo gets acquainted with a Polish person. He said he lived in Moscow, so he taught Kondo about Russian knowledge.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00100-00063176-00063991": "When the ship arrived in Shimonoseki, the Polish man made an argument with the customs officer. He can not ignore it before he got told a lot.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00101-00064072-00064791": "Kondo decided to buy an interpreter and leave. Negotiations were prolonged, and Kondo's customs inspection turn was the last one.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00102-00064855-00065448": "The next express train will come at night.Kondo, who couldn't kill time in the city, enters a restaurant and drinks alcohol.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00103-00065448-00066190": "Then the maid will recommend you to call the geisha. There are 5 hours to the train. I can not drink alcohol alone.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00104-00066192-00066600": "Kondo decided to call a geisha, but she was relaxed by alcohol.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00105-00066656-00066992": "He noticed that he could not make it in time for the train.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00106-00067072-00067472": "When Kondo bill and try to go to the station, the maid and the geisha would come to the station.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00107-00067528-00067896": "When they got to the station, it was two minutes after the train fired.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00108-00067936-00068792": "Here, Kondo leaves it to the spirit of liquor and breaks down the second-class bed ticket bought. Then they returned to the restaurant to re-drink.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00109-00068864-00069760": "At this time, there was a man who was watching Kondo. It is a plainclothes detective who was on duty. \"This must be a mountain teacher or a big thief to throw away second class car tickets.\"", "iarlrMVOvfu-00110-00069784-00070312": "When Kondo was sleeping with the geisha, notices a noise, a policeman enters the room. It was an examination.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00111-00070376-00070784": "When a police officer examines Kondo's clothes, a torso with a large sum of money comes out.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00112-00070792-00070992": "\"What happened to this money.\"", "iarlrMVOvfu-00113-00071064-00071728": "In this way, Kondo was tied up and was taken to the police station.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00114-00071784-00072288": "Kondo used a pseudonym and asked the interrogation that it was \"the money that won horse racing in Shanghai.\"", "iarlrMVOvfu-00115-00072328-00072696": "After a while, the interrogation was reduced, and he was staying in the detention center.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00116-00072752-00073240": "Kondo gave a cryptographic text to a whistle when a boy who had been in the same room at the detention center was released.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00117-00073296-00073496": "However, this boy was a police spy.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00118-00073552-00073824": "An unusual detective comes out to interrogate.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00119-00073864-00074408": "He was Ikegami of the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department special department senior. Ikegami said;", "iarlrMVOvfu-00120-00074480-00074688": "\"Kondo-kun, I know about you. I see you in a strange place.\"", "iarlrMVOvfu-00121-00074776-00075160": "The police had already figured out Kondo, who was supposed to be behind the scenes.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00122-00075224-00075784": "So Yamaguchi Prefectural Police Special Division and the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Special Department investigate separately, but Kondo does not break his mouth.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00123-00075824-00076120": "After all, Kondo was released.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00124-00076176-00076984": "Ikegami says that all the money was returned saying, \"Because this money will be taken up and burned at the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department, so please talk to oneself and spend it yourself.\"", "iarlrMVOvfu-00125-00077048-00077376": "Kondo immediately headed to Yamakawa in Tokyo.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00126-00077448-00077920": "When Kondo came into the Yamakawa Mansion, it was said that he surprised Kikue Yamakawa, who was inside, as if she looked a ghost.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00127-00077960-00078560": "The fact that the police caught Kondo was transmitted to the comrades of Tokyo, and it was thought to be \"the second coming of Kotoku Incident?\"", "iarlrMVOvfu-00128-00078640-00079344": "They talked with Yamakawa about the use of the money that Kondo had deposited in Shanghai, but Yamakawa and Sakai decided to leave the use of this money to Kondo.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00129-00079440-00080272": "The reason for it was that Kondo used it hard to bring it back, but, in essence, Sakai was cautious of the money that the police hand had attached.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00130-00080336-00080712": "The activities of the Comintern Preparation Committee have been overwhelmed.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00131-00080768-00081272": "He also visited  Osugi. He reported about things in Shanghai and apologized for leaving Osugi.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00132-00081312-00082016": "Then, Kondo gave 500 yen, which he had deposited as a donation to Osugi from Komintern, and received Osugi too, saying \"Thank you.\"", "iarlrMVOvfu-00133-00082056-00082728": "Osugi later angered that Kondo had come to Komintern and said, “The navel of the umbilical cord,” but at this time it did not show malicious intent.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00134-00082808-00083320": "Well, how do you spend this money? Kondo launched a publishing company called \"Baibunsha.\"", "iarlrMVOvfu-00135-00083368-00084288": "It was intended to deceive the eyes of the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department by making it seem that money is used for the advertising and living expenses of the Baibunsha, with the spirit of continuing the underground work while keeping the writing business on the front.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00136-00084368-00084984": "Kondo was beginning to have a tailing, but it was said that he used to apply the residue learned from Osugi and was immediately shaking off.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00137-00085056-00086136": "Around this time, Sakai and Yamakawa were unable to trust Kondo. Kondo, who has been active in the free climate of America, is nothing less than miserable from those who know the great oppression of the Meiji era.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00138-00086192-00086872": "Therefore, Kondo was to move in his way. The use of money deposited from the Far East Bureau must also be rationalized.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00139-00086936-00088416": "Therefore, I focused attention on the student group of Waseda University, the “Gyominkai,” which was the fortress of the “Yamanote School” at that time. Not only the students at Waseda University but also Takatsu et al. And several other activists went in and out, trying to form a communist group centering on the extreme left molecule of the \"Communist Party\".", "iarlrMVOvfu-00140-00088496-00089480": "It is the \"Gyomin Communist Group,\" the so-called \"Gyomin Communist Party.\" However, it is said that the communist blockade was not a \"party\" and did not have its platform.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00141-00089504-00090840": "However, the communist groups in Japan at that time focused on magazines and newspapers, and most of them were gathered by the individual influence of thinkers, while the Gyomin Communist Party focused on organizational forms. It was the one that drew the history of socialism in Japan.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00142-00090920-00091832": "The Gyomin Communist Party, which was formed in August with Takatsu, Kiyoshi Takase, Takeda Urata, and Genwa Nakasone as principal members, will take significant action in November.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00143-00091888-00092904": "A massive army exercise was held in Tokyo, and a large number of soldiers settled in houses of ordinary families. Takatsu and others who drew attention to this made an antiwar bill and decided to disperse it in the city of Tokyo.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00144-00092976-00094040": "The bill in the name of \"Communist Party Headquarters\" starting with \"Soldiers! Our Brothers!\" This event will later be called the “Gyomin Communist Party case.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00145-00094072-00095432": "Around this time, a Chinese person named Zhang Tai Lightning was used again from Comintern, and he requested that the Japanese representative be sent to the Far East Tribal Congress, which will be held next January. Therefore, Kondo dispatches some Tokuda and other Ana workers.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00146-00095464-00096688": "At this time, the delegation was given a draft of theses by Yamakawa, but for some reason, a mysterious foreigner named \"B-grey\" who had a copy of these materials was arrested in Japan You It is a so-called \"B-Gray\" incident.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00147-00096704-00097448": "It is said that a man named Taro Yoshihara was doing evil, but let's talk about Yoshihara on another occasion.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00148-00097512-00098664": "At this time, B. Gray, who was detained by the police, said, \"Meet Kondo Eizo.\" Therefore, Kondo also got caught and was arrested. Here, the “Communist Party of the Commonwealth Party” was discovered.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00149-00098720-00100008": "Kondo, who has been released, will be interrogated by members of the communist group. It wasn't a tough thing to say \"inquiry,\" and Takatsu and Teruaki Tadokoro were in charge of asking questions about the history of things, including the Shanghai incident.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00150-00100072-00101040": "This inquiry was also historical. It was impossible for the young activists to be suppressed just by Kizuna and Yamakawa explaining Kondo's actions.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00151-00101080-00101744": "By the way, although there were twists and turns in this way, since the Gyomin Communist Party case, the momentum of the formal formation of the Japanese Communist Party ripened rapidly.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00152-00101824-00102816": "In January 1922, the magazine \"Avant-Garde\" was published as an agency paper by Tsubaki, Yamakawa, Arata Hatamura, Tadokoro, Shigeki Ueda, Masao Nishi, et al.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00153-00102888-00103568": "Then, on July 15, 1922, the Japan Communist Party founding conference was held at Kiyoshi Takase's house in the town of Date in Shibuya.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00154-00103592-00104104": "The official party history says so, but Kondo did not remember so.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00155-00104192-00105344": "According to Kondo, the meeting at Takase's house is a preparatory meeting, and the Communist Party of Japan was born on February 4, 1922, the Ichikawa meeting generally considered to be the second congress. Kondo looks back;", "iarlrMVOvfu-00156-00105408-00106400": "\"I had a deep sigh of relief while watching the bright stars in the dark sky of the winter night. Finally, the Japanese Communist Party was born. It was born on the afternoon of February 4 in Taisho 12! \"", "iarlrMVOvfu-00157-00106472-00107624": "However, Kondo wanted to add a break here. \"I am originally a Proletarian enemy, a family member of the feudal warriors. If I leave from the movement, it is for myself and the proletarian movement.\"", "iarlrMVOvfu-00158-00107656-00108672": "\"I was simply a small bee carrying the pollen of the Russian Revolution. When the bee has finished acting as a mediator, it is no longer used for flowers. Fly away, fly away! \"", "iarlrMVOvfu-00159-00108744-00109424": "In June 1923, a mass arrest of the Japanese Communist Party will take place. It is the so-called \"first communist party case.\"", "iarlrMVOvfu-00160-00109480-00110816": "Communist Party side knew that it is close to the public reconnaissance to some extent because of the investigation of Sano's laboratory in advance and the fact that Matsutaro Shoriki slipped his mouth. At that time Shoriki was working on spying on Communist Party officials and was in contact with Kondo.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00161-00110864-00111304": "The party decides to let Kondo, Takatsu, and the vulnerable Sano study go out of the country.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00162-00111359-00111832": "Kondo and Takatsu land in Busan on June 5th, while the police were in a strict guard.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00163-00111896-00112344": "The day before, there was a mass arrest of communists, so it was a crisis.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00164-00112432-00113216": "They met Sano in Shanghai, and Kondo heads to the Soviet Union. Sano would work in Comintern and Kondo in Profintern.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00165-00113280-00114456": "Kondo has been in charge of information gathering in Moscow for several years as Profintern's Central Permanent Member. Besides, he was often taken out to the provinces and sometimes made speeches in front of the public as \"comrade from abroad.\"", "iarlrMVOvfu-00166-00114480-00115608": "In May 1924, the fifth congress of the Comintern was held in Moscow. The Japanese delegation was representative of Katayama, Manabu Sano, Ryuichi Tokuda, and Kondo.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00167-00115664-00116311": "At this time, the Communist Party of Japan had already resolved the dismemberment after the Morigasaki meeting, and concerning Japan, the reconstruction of the party became a problem.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00168-00116352-00116744": "Such episodes remain.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00169-00116800-00117416": "At the end of the 5th meeting, Katayama and Kondo took a vacation and went on a trip to the Caucasus.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00170-00117456-00118608": "When we arrived, a welcome executive spoke to Kondo like this. \"We have prepared a special feast for you guys from a long time ago. Today's feast is a kiss feast. The secret to Katayama,\"", "iarlrMVOvfu-00171-00118672-00119359": "Kondo, who has heard that there are many beautiful women in the Caucasus, is delighted. Kondo thought that the feast of the kiss must be the feast of the female body.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00172-00119416-00120048": "A welcome banquet is held in a quiet place in the woods. However, Katayama sat up early as he could not drink alcohol.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00173-00120120-00120535": "Kondo, who has put strong local sake and meat dishes in the belly, looks forward to it and asks;", "iarlrMVOvfu-00174-00120535-00120783": "\"When is the kiss you mentioned earlier?\"", "iarlrMVOvfu-00175-00120848-00121096": "\"Because it's back in the mountains, waits for a little more.\"", "iarlrMVOvfu-00176-00121168-00121872": "Kondo is getting more gladder to see if a beautiful caucasian woman will come to such a mountain back. Eventually, four figures appear from the shade of the forest.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00177-00121928-00122456": "It was not a beautiful Caucasian woman, but large men in national costumes and Kinjars.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00178-00122511-00123335": "\"I heard that a rare customer from a distant Japan landed, and I went down a mountain and made a greeting. Our ancestors are Tartary, Japanese people are also Tartary. We are brothers.\"", "iarlrMVOvfu-00179-00123416-00124408": "Kondo thought that the daughters would appear after the chiefs. However, the chief of the four men offered to want to kiss for the love of his brotherhood.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00180-00124408-00124592": "Is the partner of KISS this wild man with a beard!", "iarlrMVOvfu-00181-00124616-00125480": "The fellow comrades of the surroundings have nasty eyes and are waiting for Kondo to be sacrificed. Kondo regrets, says that he climbed up on the body of the great man and had his face on his face.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00182-00125600-00126448": "In any case, Kondo, who was active as a Profintern activist, has finally come the day when he has to leave Moscow.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00183-00126496-00127080": "A Japanese con man received a spy mike, and Kondo, who had met the man, looked as if it were a spy.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00184-00127183-00128040": "Once again, Stalin and Trotsky's political battle was about to end. Even in Japan, the American group has already been excluded from the Communist Party if the sled does not fit.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00185-00128096-00128911": "\"I don't need such a merry excuse.\" Thus, in November 1926, Kondo was on his way home.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00186-00128968-00129688": "Kondo, who refused to be in touch with the Communist Party for a while, appeared in the Tokyo District Court when he heard that the Grand Order was accompanied by the Emperor Hirohito, and became a beautiful body..", "iarlrMVOvfu-00187-00129720-00131240": "Later Kondo considered that the way to save the proletarian's movement would be to wear the skin of \"patriotic\" and become an activist of national socialism and right-wing non-majority parties, but all popular groups dissolved during the war, 1942. They are arrested for promoting communism.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00188-00131272-00132088": "After his release, he spent in Chiba, but some people in Chiba's rural area knew who Kondo was, and it was said that he was looked coldly on and could not even go out for duty work.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00189-00132136-00132848": "After the war, they organized the National War Veterans Affairs Organization in 1946 and then established a social welfare corporation for the relief of wounded soldiers.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00190-00132920-00133824": "He worked hard to build a colony for disabled persons, but on July 3, 1965, we ended our 82-year life in one of the welfare facilities that he had established.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00191-00133872-00135064": "Kondo's life is full of change. Kondo, who was regarded as a \"conversion person,\" is not mentioned in the official party history. Kondo's movement after returning home should have been called a typical conversion course.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00192-00135136-00135760": "On the other hand, Kondo did not become a radical anti-communist who was frequent to the convert. Kondo looks back like this.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00193-00135840-00136600": "\"I have one bad habit. When I finish something, my interest is naturally lost as the tide pulls.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00194-00136664-00137288": "The toy that is made will be destroyed immediately, or it will be done to a friend. Such a wolf has been telling me for a lifetime. \"", "iarlrMVOvfu-00195-00137360-00138688": "\"The reason why he (Kondo himself) is not successful is not to be a lack of patience but to have a tendency to go ahead with it. It is a born pioneer. A bad life cannot be helped because he was destined for him. \"", "iarlrMVOvfu-00196-00138744-00139984": "Kondo's outstanding achievements were excellent. Kondo was a bridge between careful and secretive Meiji socialists such as Sakai, Yamakawa, and Arahata, and a new generation of activists after the movement became popular.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00197-00140048-00140960": "The Marxist's Leninistic practice was able to be developed on a large scale that defines the history of Japanese movement because he did not experience Christian socialism or the winter era of Meiji.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00198-00141008-00141440": "Indeed, Kondo is the first to import Bolshevism as a functional movement.", "iarlrMVOvfu-00199-00141504-00142392": "The welfare facility that became the last business of Kondo remains quietly bagging that cannot be seen from the street, which is still close to his home town."}}]