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+[{"audio_id": "EzUdFzWlccy", "text": {"EzUdFzWlccy-00000-00000159-00001894": "[Music]", "EzUdFzWlccy-00001-00001895-00002047": "[Music]", "EzUdFzWlccy-00002-00002048-00002212": "do", "EzUdFzWlccy-00003-00002213-00004886": "[Music]", "EzUdFzWlccy-00004-00004887-00005735": "so", "EzUdFzWlccy-00005-00005736-00006263": "[Music]", "EzUdFzWlccy-00006-00006264-00006702": "do", "EzUdFzWlccy-00007-00006703-00008207": "[Music]", "EzUdFzWlccy-00008-00008208-00008415": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "E-5cNGfQ-7I", "text": {"E-5cNGfQ-7I-00000-00000003-00000254": "the RPI engineers are composed of 21", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00001-00000254-00000424": "teams representing Rensselaer", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00002-00000425-00000655": "Polytechnic Institute in intercollegiate", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00003-00000656-00000862": "athletics including men and women's", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00004-00000863-00001115": "basketball cross country ice hockey", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00005-00001116-00001394": "lacrosse soccer swimming and diving", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00006-00001395-00001759": "tennis and track and field men's sports", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00007-00001760-00002001": "include baseball football and golf", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00008-00002002-00002288": "women's sports include field hockey and", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00009-00002289-00002387": "softball", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00010-00002388-00002601": "the engineers compete in the NCAA", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00011-00002602-00002825": "Division three and are members of the", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00012-00002826-00003034": "Liberty League for all sports except ice", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00013-00003035-00003331": "hockey which competes in NCAA Division", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00014-00003332-00004095": "one as a member of ECAC Hockey", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00015-00004096-00004815": "topic teams", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00016-00004816-00004997": "you", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00017-00004998-00005518": "topic history", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00018-00005519-00005822": "in 1995 the nickname of some of the", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00019-00005823-00005993": "school's teams was officially changed", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00020-00005994-00006161": "from the engineers to the Redhawks", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00021-00006162-00006378": "however the hockey football", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00022-00006379-00006608": "cross-country tennis and track and field", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00023-00006609-00006845": "teams all chose to retain the engineers", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00024-00006845-00007133": "name the Redhawks name was never much", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00025-00007134-00007339": "liked by the student body a Red Hawk", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00026-00007340-00007562": "mascot was frequently taunted by fans", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00027-00007563-00007766": "who threw objects at him and chanted", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00028-00007767-00008173": "kill the chicken finally in 2009 the", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00029-00008175-00008374": "nickname was changed back to engineers", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00030-00008375-00008689": "in contrast the official ice hockey", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00031-00008690-00008905": "mascot puck man an anthropomorphic", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00032-00008906-00009134": "hockey puck with an engineer's helmet", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00033-00009135-00009469": "has always been very popular during the", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00034-00009470-00009983": "1970s and 1980s one RPI cheer was e to", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00035-00009984-00010610": "the X by DX e to the X DX cosine secant", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00036-00010611-00011384": "tangent sine three 14100 59 square root", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00037-00011385-00011764": "cube root blog of Pi disintegrate them", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00038-00011765-00012263": "RPI", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00039-00012264-00012835": "topic lacrosse mens", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00040-00012836-00013099": "the lacrosse team represented the United", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00041-00013100-00013341": "States in the 1948 Olympics in London", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00042-00013343-00013572": "playing to a five to five tie with a", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00043-00013574-00013866": "British site it won the Wingate Memorial", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00044-00013868-00014083": "Trophy as National Collegiate champions", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00045-00014084-00014506": "shared with Virginia in 1952 future NHL", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00046-00014507-00014722": "head coach Ned Harkness coached the", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00047-00014722-00014938": "lacrosse and ice hockey teams winning", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00048-00014938-00015655": "national championships in both sports", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00049-00015656-00016166": "topic baseball", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00050-00016166-00016391": "the engineers baseball squad is", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00051-00016392-00016544": "perennial II atop the Liberty League", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00052-00016545-00016748": "standings and has seen eight players", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00053-00016749-00016889": "move on to the professional ranks", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00054-00016890-00017135": "including four players selected in the", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00055-00017136-00017537": "MLB Draft no RPI engineer has played in", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00056-00017538-00017726": "the majors but Dave Lohrman and bill", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00057-00017727-00018026": "Schneider who were both drafted in 1997", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00058-00018027-00018287": "made it as far as triple-a ball the team", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00059-00018288-00018686": "is coached by Carl Stefan Ithaca 78 the", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00060-00018687-00018872": "engineers play their home games at the", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00061-00018873-00019478": "historic Robison field", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00062-00019479-00020046": "topic American football", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00063-00020047-00020317": "American rugby was played on campus in", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00064-00020318-00020583": "the late 1870s intercollegiate football", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00065-00020584-00020958": "began as late as 1886 when an RPI team", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00066-00020959-00021166": "first played a union college team on a", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00067-00021167-00021405": "leased field in West Troy Watervliet", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00068-00021406-00021814": "since 1903 RPI and nearby Union have", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00069-00021815-00022024": "been rivals in football making it the", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00070-00022025-00022305": "oldest such rivalry in the state the", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00071-00022306-00022462": "teams have played for the Dutchman's", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00072-00022463-00022804": "shoes since 1950 our p i-- football had", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00073-00022805-00023062": "their most successful season in 2003", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00074-00023063-00023311": "when they finished 11 to 2 and lost to", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00075-00023312-00023569": "st. john's men in the NCAA Division", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00076-00023570-00024249": "three semifinal game", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00077-00024250-00024835": "topic athletic facilities", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00078-00024836-00025201": "the Houston field house is a 4700 80", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00079-00025202-00025432": "seat multi-purpose arena located on the", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00080-00025433-00025855": "rpi campus it opened in 1949 and is home", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00081-00025856-00026074": "to the RPI engineers men's and women's", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00082-00026075-00026392": "ice hockey teams the field house was", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00083-00026393-00026664": "renovated starting in 2007 as part of", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00084-00026666-00026875": "the major campus improvement project to", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00085-00026876-00027069": "build the East Campus athletic village", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00086-00027070-00027355": "the renovations included locker rooms", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00087-00027356-00027550": "upgrades addition of a new weight room", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00088-00027551-00027769": "and a new special reception room", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00089-00027770-00028072": "dedicated to Ned Harkness additionally", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00090-00028073-00028249": "as part of the renovations through a", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00091-00028250-00028447": "government grant solar panels were", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00092-00028448-00028657": "installed on the roof to supply power to", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00093-00028658-00028897": "the building as part of the Rensselaer", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00094-00028898-00029179": "plan the Institute recently completed a", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00095-00029180-00029383": "major project to improve its athletic", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00096-00029383-00029605": "facilities with the East Campus athletic", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00097-00029606-00029839": "village the plan included construction", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00098-00029839-00030223": "of a new and much larger 4840 two-seat", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00099-00030224-00030466": "football stadium a basketball arena with", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00100-00030467-00030832": "seating for 1,200 a new 50 meter pool an", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00101-00030833-00031066": "indoor track and field complex new", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00102-00031067-00031302": "tennis courts new weight rooms in a new", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00103-00031304-00031588": "Sports Medicine Center the Institute", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00104-00031589-00031920": "broke ground on August 26 2007 and", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00105-00031922-00032077": "construction of the first phase is", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00106-00032077-00032437": "expected to last two years the estimated", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00107-00032438-00032662": "cost of the project is 78 million", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00108-00032663-00033031": "dollars for phase one and $35 to $45", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00109-00033032-00033165": "million for Phase two", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00110-00033166-00033403": "since the completion of the new stadium", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00111-00033404-00033595": "the bleachers on the Class of 86", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00112-00033596-00033829": "football field on the central campus", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00113-00033830-00033988": "have been removed and the field has", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00114-00033989-00034279": "become an open space in the future the", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00115-00034280-00034483": "new space could be used for expansions", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00116-00034484-00034684": "of the academic buildings but for now", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00117-00034685-00034858": "members of the campus planning team", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00118-00034859-00035059": "foresee a historic landscape with", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00119-00035060-00035260": "different paths and access ways for", "E-5cNGfQ-7I-00120-00035261-00035599": "students and vehicles alike"}}, {"audio_id": "E-fPAUNO0rg", "text": {"E-fPAUNO0rg-00000-00000159-00000375": "hello gamers", "E-fPAUNO0rg-00001-00000376-00000703": "i have arrived to the halloween dance", "E-fPAUNO0rg-00002-00000704-00000958": "as you can see i am professor venomous", "E-fPAUNO0rg-00003-00000959-00001166": "from okko let's be heroes in an", "E-fPAUNO0rg-00004-00001167-00001350": "inflatable diplodica suit because", "E-fPAUNO0rg-00005-00001351-00001582": "inflatable t-rexes are stupid and dumb", "E-fPAUNO0rg-00006-00001583-00001734": "and", "E-fPAUNO0rg-00007-00001735-00001902": "welcome to hell", "E-fPAUNO0rg-00008-00001903-00002102": "would you like some marshmallows from my", "E-fPAUNO0rg-00009-00002103-00002302": "box that looks like the holy bible but", "E-fPAUNO0rg-00010-00002303-00002575": "is actually just a box", "E-fPAUNO0rg-00011-00002576-00002871": "anyways i brought a blowtorch", "E-fPAUNO0rg-00012-00002872-00003095": "time to burn y'all", "E-fPAUNO0rg-00013-00003096-00003390": "oh the sprinklers are on", "E-fPAUNO0rg-00014-00003392-00003664": "well oops"}}, {"audio_id": "E-q0OUCwTFI", "text": {"E-q0OUCwTFI-00000-00000090-00000327": "[Music]", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00001-00000328-00000567": "welcome to another episode of", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00002-00000568-00000839": "to the point tutorials a series that", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00003-00000840-00000991": "bypasses all the fluff", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00004-00000992-00001174": "and focuses on what you really want to", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00005-00001175-00001399": "know let's begin", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00006-00001400-00001535": "in this tutorial we're going to talk", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00007-00001536-00001726": "about educandy i think this is a really", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00008-00001727-00001759": "cool", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00009-00001760-00001982": "alternative for kahoot as you can see", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00010-00001984-00002175": "this is the graphical user interface", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00011-00002176-00002423": "there's a list of types of formative", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00012-00002424-00002599": "assessments that you can create here and", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00013-00002600-00002999": "we're going to start with quiz questions", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00014-00003000-00003222": "once we click here we're going to do a", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00015-00003223-00003367": "small quiz for you", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00016-00003368-00003535": "to understand more or less how this", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00017-00003536-00003790": "thing works first your activity name", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00018-00003792-00003951": "which is going to be pro tools formative", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00019-00003952-00004167": "assessment then your activity subject", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00020-00004168-00004295": "which is obviously", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00021-00004296-00004575": "going to be pro tools then you're going", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00022-00004576-00004759": "to create", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00023-00004760-00005102": "once that's done you have text images", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00024-00005103-00005159": "and sound", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00025-00005160-00005359": "if you create a simple one you can go", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00026-00005360-00005495": "with text if you", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00027-00005496-00005622": "want something a little bit more", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00028-00005623-00005847": "complicated go with image and sound to", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00029-00005848-00006006": "illustrate your question if i press", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00030-00006007-00006279": "image however i need to download your", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00031-00006280-00006518": "app their app is available for", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00032-00006519-00006734": "windows and you can see the sample of", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00033-00006736-00006846": "activities that", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00034-00006847-00007055": "are currently available if you do", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00035-00007056-00007223": "download the app so let's go back and", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00036-00007223-00007270": "just", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00037-00007272-00007431": "create a simple formative assessment", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00038-00007431-00007710": "with one question i'm gonna add text and", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00039-00007711-00008031": "my question is gonna be the following", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00040-00008031-00008278": "um i already have it here because i need", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00041-00008279-00008471": "to copy paste it to speed it up", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00042-00008472-00008623": "what are the four edit modes in pro", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00043-00008624-00008799": "tools this is just a technical question", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00044-00008800-00008863": "about", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00045-00008864-00009135": "an audio software that i normally used", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00046-00009136-00009223": "to teach", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00047-00009224-00009591": "and now i'm gonna put the answers", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00048-00009592-00010063": "just give me a small second so i can", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00049-00010064-00010359": "actually copy paste this really quickly", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00050-00010360-00010478": "without", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00051-00010479-00011055": "boring you guys too much", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00052-00011056-00011638": "and we're almost done here and", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00053-00011639-00011974": "we just press add question and it will", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00054-00011975-00012199": "take a little bit of time to load but", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00055-00012200-00012551": "it's gonna do it okay it's done we could", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00056-00012552-00012759": "duplicate the activity or add another", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00057-00012760-00012910": "question don't really want to do that", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00058-00012911-00013046": "right now because i just want to show", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00059-00013047-00013255": "you guys how to do this", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00060-00013256-00013399": "and then you can compare it with kahoot", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00061-00013400-00013558": "for example if you're using kahoot quite", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00062-00013559-00013622": "often", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00063-00013623-00013991": "i'm going to press my activities and so", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00064-00013991-00014263": "in my activities around here i have my", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00065-00014263-00014430": "pro tools formative assessment", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00066-00014431-00014599": "under the topic pro tools i can edit", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00067-00014600-00014735": "again i can play", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00068-00014736-00014951": "or i can share if i play you're going to", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00069-00014952-00015135": "see how this kind of pans out", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00070-00015136-00015447": "i'll press the button here", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00071-00015447-00015758": "this is kind of a very cute graphical", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00072-00015759-00015879": "user interface", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00073-00015880-00016207": "looks a little bit childish but i think", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00074-00016208-00016238": "it", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00075-00016240-00016783": "does do the trick", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00076-00016784-00017079": "so we have a timer uh we we have points", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00077-00017080-00017255": "so you can gamify this", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00078-00017256-00017575": "uh you can stop the audio here you can", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00079-00017576-00017855": "press back here and you can actually get", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00080-00017856-00017975": "the full screen here", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00081-00017976-00018294": "and you have now a couple of seconds to", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00082-00018295-00018463": "answer the question and the faster you", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00083-00018464-00018663": "answer the more points you get etc", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00084-00018664-00018839": "so what are the four edit modes in pro", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00085-00018840-00019071": "tools shuffle spot slip and grid", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00086-00019072-00019367": "i got it right i get some points i got", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00087-00019368-00019447": "this cool", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00088-00019448-00019655": "little sound effect saying that i got it", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00089-00019656-00019775": "right and", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00090-00019776-00020079": "that's pretty much it so if i go back to", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00091-00020080-00020247": "my activities", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00092-00020248-00020455": "i can potentially share it with the", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00093-00020456-00020614": "students and", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00094-00020615-00020878": "once again you have the url you can hide", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00095-00020879-00020967": "this url", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00096-00020968-00021127": "under a qr code if you want to make it", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00097-00021128-00021407": "more interesting i spoke about qr codes", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00098-00021408-00021599": "in a previous video so feel free to go", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00099-00021600-00021750": "to my channel and check it out", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00100-00021751-00021935": "and that's about it thank you very much", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00101-00021936-00022086": "for your time i hope that you enjoyed", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00102-00022087-00022175": "this tutorial", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00103-00022176-00022639": "see you next time", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00104-00022640-00023927": "[Music]", "E-q0OUCwTFI-00105-00023928-00024136": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "E-Dyx5OJvqQ", "text": {"E-Dyx5OJvqQ-00000-00000038-00000364": "SSK Industries Inc is an American", "E-Dyx5OJvqQ-00001-00000365-00000572": "designer and manufacturer of guns and", "E-Dyx5OJvqQ-00002-00000573-00000835": "accessories in winters ville Ohio", "E-Dyx5OJvqQ-00003-00000836-00001244": "founded in 1977 the company is known for", "E-Dyx5OJvqQ-00004-00001245-00001460": "its custom contender and encore barrels", "E-Dyx5OJvqQ-00005-00001461-00001751": "started by hunter and gun enthusiast JD", "E-Dyx5OJvqQ-00006-00001752-00002026": "Jones SSK Industries was begun to", "E-Dyx5OJvqQ-00007-00002027-00002282": "manufacture and market specific products", "E-Dyx5OJvqQ-00008-00002283-00002456": "related to hunting handguns and", "E-Dyx5OJvqQ-00009-00002457-00002752": "ammunition it has grown to a company", "E-Dyx5OJvqQ-00010-00002753-00002933": "that makes hundreds of different types", "E-Dyx5OJvqQ-00011-00002934-00004226": "of rounds topic notable product SSK has", "E-Dyx5OJvqQ-00012-00004227-00004418": "produced the largest center fire rifle", "E-Dyx5OJvqQ-00013-00004419-00004797": "in history the point nine five zero JD J", "E-Dyx5OJvqQ-00014-00004798-00005126": "it is a point nine five zero caliber", "E-Dyx5OJvqQ-00015-00005127-00005342": "which produces recoil equivalent to", "E-Dyx5OJvqQ-00016-00005343-00005726": "shooting ten 3006 rifles at the same", "E-Dyx5OJvqQ-00017-00005727-00005960": "time"}}, {"audio_id": "E-E0GL4_s7U", "text": {"E-E0GL4_s7U-00000-00000745-00001424": "[Music]", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00001-00001425-00003272": "[Music]", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00002-00003273-00003592": "what's up everybody Jesus Jake Hammond", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00003-00003593-00003906": "welcome back to the channel get a rare", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00004-00003907-00004450": "look rare look at the tigress jewels I'm", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00005-00004451-00004903": "23 top player in 3 2 3 this is one of", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00006-00004904-00005172": "those rare rare rare looks this is kind", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00007-00005173-00005575": "of like the tree man video where he did", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00008-00005576-00005721": "about three hundred thousand damage one", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00009-00005722-00006000": "shot this is about how rare this this is", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00010-00006001-00006252": "gonna be so stick around", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00011-00006253-00006525": "let's go over what the tricky is brand", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00012-00006526-00006654": "new partner", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00013-00006655-00006919": "the green tricky has this dodge marks", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00014-00006920-00007108": "you see a lot of this up with the marks", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00015-00007109-00007354": "now that's the dodge marks every time", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00016-00007355-00007566": "green tricky dodges an attack he", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00017-00007567-00007938": "increases the action bar if he dodges an", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00018-00007939-00008116": "attack he increases the critical rate", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00019-00008117-00008488": "critical damage for the wild shot or the", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00020-00008489-00008866": "wild arrow which is put this is right", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00021-00008867-00009030": "here the wild arrow would increase the", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00022-00009031-00009264": "action bar critical rate critical damage", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00023-00009265-00009402": "depending on the dodge marks can get up", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00024-00009403-00009655": "up to eight dodge marks so see and stack", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00025-00009656-00009906": "up eight of them and what do you see the", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00026-00009907-00010258": "replay he dodges a lot so really hard to", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00027-00010259-00010471": "take out right at the end you think you", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00028-00010472-00010905": "got him killed and he dodges everything", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00029-00010906-00011176": "so casual shot used by all three colors", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00030-00011177-00011388": "seventy-five percent chance from a", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00031-00011389-00011605": "random buff which room at the random", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00032-00011606-00011749": "buffs could be Thor's curse Thor's", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00033-00011750-00011964": "cursed ignores defense does massive", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00034-00011965-00012295": "damage glue tricky his main attack is", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00035-00012296-00012702": "the mass brawl this is he attacks in the", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00036-00012703-00012971": "entire team attacks with him he can also", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00037-00012972-00013297": "inflict silence an amnesia on the enemy", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00038-00013297-00013578": "for two rounds which remember that one", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00039-00013579-00013656": "amnesia", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00040-00013657-00013797": "we'll talk about that a little bit later", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00041-00013797-00014080": "then he has the camouflaged arrow that's", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00042-00014081-00014374": "a attacks too when combined for two", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00043-00014375-00014827": "rounds and in the casual shot he", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00044-00014828-00015306": "nonchalantly might get a Thor's curse", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00045-00015307-00015588": "red tricky", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00046-00015588-00015865": "starts off with a deterent arrow that's", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00047-00015866-00016126": "his his main attack produced the enemies", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00048-00016127-00016366": "max hit point so if if you can get this", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00049-00016366-00016729": "attack up really high it could be", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00050-00016730-00016954": "devastating it takes away the max hit", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00051-00016955-00017304": "point so it doesn't get it back so I", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00052-00017305-00017572": "don't know exactly I see no I haven't", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00053-00017573-00017698": "seen a lot of these triggers yet so", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00054-00017699-00017887": "don't even know what the strongest color", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00055-00017888-00018148": "is I know Green's good though then he", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00056-00018149-00018310": "also has the casual shot and the camo", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00057-00018311-00018601": "arrow as well to that he shares with the", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00058-00018602-00019036": "other Tricky's so interesting you know", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00059-00019037-00019189": "that some of these new partners they're", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00060-00019190-00019354": "gonna be good most of the new partners", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00061-00019355-00019552": "are they they haven't listed that like", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00062-00019553-00019783": "fifth in line but that doesn't", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00063-00019784-00020244": "necessarily mean he's fifth best on", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00064-00020245-00020476": "tricky Jules is using the brutal seal", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00065-00020477-00020806": "artifact it's gotta be maxed just watch", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00066-00020807-00021004": "how much how much healing it does it's", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00067-00021005-00021277": "incredible really and now if you notice", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00068-00021278-00021532": "I don't think I showed everyone before", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00069-00021533-00021787": "the match all four of these partners all", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00070-00021788-00021997": "four of the opponents they're all", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00071-00021998-00022207": "completely maxed I didn't they're all", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00072-00022208-00022516": "sixth awakened so completely maxed sixth", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00073-00022517-00022797": "awakened it's number one verse number 13", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00074-00022798-00022984": "or 12 something like that she was", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00075-00022985-00023191": "sitting in number one fighting with one", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00076-00023192-00023533": "partner I just never never could even", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00077-00023534-00023662": "imagine that you could stand up in", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00078-00023663-00023866": "number one with one partner being a new", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00079-00023867-00023929": "partner", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00080-00023930-00024150": "the third awakened because you notice he", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00081-00024151-00024346": "has a headset on in the regular picture", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00082-00024347-00024825": "of him doesn't have a headset the damage", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00083-00024826-00025222": "isn't like overwhelmingly doesn't", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00084-00025223-00025354": "doesn't take you back guys how how much", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00085-00025355-00025750": "damage he's doing but what takes you", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00086-00025751-00025924": "back is how many attacks he takes and", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00087-00025925-00026109": "how often he's getting healed those were", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00088-00026110-00026248": "all zeros right there he was up", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00089-00026249-00026421": "by 8,000 those are zeros right there I", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00090-00026422-00026611": "think I get one time they're got healed", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00091-00026612-00026839": "six or seven missed him all three times", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00092-00026839-00027019": "they're got healed four times hit him", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00093-00027020-00027195": "that time whoa hit him missed him out", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00094-00027197-00027381": "four times there missed him twice there", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00095-00027382-00027655": "so as of right now he is steadily", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00096-00027656-00027994": "gaining his health back they're not able", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00097-00027995-00028183": "to hit him at all he's got it probably", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00098-00028183-00028348": "has the $8 mark right now so it's really", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00099-00028349-00028591": "hard for him hit him", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00100-00028592-00028895": "and his his attacks that they're not", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00101-00028895-00029060": "like they're not massive they're only", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00102-00029061-00029264": "like a couple thousand each time that", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00103-00029264-00029399": "time also got him one time I almost", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00104-00029400-00029957": "killed him almost dead but then you got", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00105-00029958-00030143": "missed five times takes a couple shots", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00106-00030144-00030311": "at the Borgata earth got missed four", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00107-00030312-00030479": "times five times five times in a row by", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00108-00030480-00031264": "the by the prints go but hit twice out", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00109-00031266-00031487": "of three times they're green doesn't", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00110-00031488-00031673": "prints almost gone and got go with green", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00111-00031674-00031795": "because it prints got two hits on him", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00112-00031797-00032192": "out of five but he healed five times so", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00113-00032193-00032642": "as you see here he's healing way more", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00114-00032643-00033044": "than he's getting hit now he could take", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00115-00033045-00033248": "a critical hit from a big from a big", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00116-00033249-00033482": "attacker and and die I can see that", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00117-00033483-00033665": "because you can see how far the purple", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00118-00033666-00033806": "is on both on both teams", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00119-00033807-00034019": "there was much more purple than there is", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00120-00034020-00034256": "actual health so that's as far as they", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00121-00034257-00034619": "can heal but still when his life behind", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00122-00034620-00034961": "gets down to a sliver he's not he can't", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00123-00034962-00035701": "hit him now I have seen another tricky", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00124-00035702-00036050": "Colin 323 I have a very similar looking", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00125-00036051-00036179": "match where it was really hard to hit", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00126-00036180-00036377": "him right at the end but on the rematch", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00127-00036378-00037154": "he was beat so he is beatable I don't", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00128-00037155-00037313": "know how much damage he actually took I", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00129-00037314-00037538": "haven't slowed the video down and", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00130-00037539-00037757": "actually counted how much damage he took", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00131-00037758-00037991": "or how much he actually healed but it's", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00132-00037992-00038423": "an amazingly high number same player", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00133-00038424-00038717": "switch switch things around got a", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00134-00038718-00039086": "different leader this is not a weak team", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00135-00039087-00039293": "this is a really good team out of my top", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00136-00039294-00039527": "20 I had the green Prince is number one", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00137-00039528-00039752": "right there so for red got earth number", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00138-00039753-00040010": "six blue prints number 14 he's all top", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00139-00040011-00040241": "twenty partners and remember these are", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00140-00040242-00040573": "sixth awakened completely max partners", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00141-00040574-00041131": "up against a third awakened maxed out", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00142-00041132-00041761": "crickey and affordable partner almost", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00143-00041762-00042418": "impossible to hit him enough to kill and", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00144-00042419-00042547": "it seems like every time he gets hit", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00145-00042548-00042853": "he's healing himself very effectively", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00146-00042854-00043054": "the brutal seals I think it's maxed I", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00147-00043055-00043759": "hadn't been able to see it fighting", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00148-00043760-00043966": "against to desert princes and hersa and", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00149-00043967-00044227": "they got earth what's the god of Earth", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00150-00044228-00044635": "once she gets her main skill in she can", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00151-00044636-00044851": "knock back the tricky CD all the way to", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00152-00044852-00045502": "max I don't know if that's an automatic", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00153-00045503-00045757": "thing though I don't think it is so the", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00154-00045758-00046117": "poodle seal has to be considered as part", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00155-00046118-00046447": "of the winning team here it's healed so", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00156-00046448-00046888": "much I would be interested in if someone", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00157-00046889-00047134": "was able to count how much health the", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00158-00047135-00047701": "seal got back for for tricky I'm", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00159-00047702-00047899": "thinking it's probably around a hundred", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00160-00047900-00048337": "thousand you can believe it and what's", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00161-00048338-00048496": "amazing is how much damage this other", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00162-00048497-00048655": "team has done and has not been able to", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00163-00048656-00049154": "put tricky down", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00164-00049155-00049436": "and there's the the green press has the", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00165-00049437-00049664": "book I'm trying to see what the other", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00166-00049665-00050071": "what the other powders have on them", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00167-00050072-00050303": "right arts are not able to hit him takes", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00168-00050304-00050645": "four shots great got hearth not able to", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00169-00050646-00051210": "Adam it's constantly buffing himself as", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00170-00051211-00051517": "well remember his first skill duh", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00171-00051518-00051812": "nonchalant arrow thirty five percent", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00172-00051813-00052112": "chance of adding both down goes to", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00173-00052113-00052665": "blueprints versus next dose gets one", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00174-00052666-00053235": "shot if not two Gatos knocked out green", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00175-00053236-00053456": "Prince's knocked out versus not able to", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00176-00053457-00053651": "hit him now there is one partner that", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00177-00053652-00053853": "might be able to have some have an", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00178-00053854-00054123": "impact against Ricky that would be the", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00179-00054124-00054516": "green profit she has amnesia any other", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00180-00054516-00054656": "any other partners out there with", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00181-00054657-00055067": "amnesia that might be able to slow down", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00182-00055068-00055481": "tricky incredible job by Jules I can't", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00183-00055482-00055803": "believe I just can't believe it be sure", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00184-00055804-00056051": "to subscribe to Easy Street gaming as", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00185-00056052-00056199": "you know booboo Larry's doesn't take up", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00186-00056200-00056316": "enough of your time as it is you're", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00187-00056316-00056536": "gonna have to come watch a video or to", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00188-00056537-00056772": "try to help when you can there's a lot", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00189-00056773-00056949": "of people's body young players in the", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00190-00056950-00057096": "comment section there's a lot of", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00191-00057097-00057234": "questions being asked if you know the", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00192-00057235-00057506": "answers if you can help please do I'll", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00193-00057507-00057696": "post all the comments I appreciate", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00194-00057697-00057779": "everyone for watching I really", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00195-00057780-00057962": "appreciate everyone for watching till", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00196-00057963-00058414": "next time it's been easy take everybody", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00197-00058415-00062204": "[Music]", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00198-00062204-00062417": "[Applause]", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00199-00062419-00066239": "[Music]", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00200-00066240-00067055": "[Music]", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00201-00067056-00068281": "[Music]", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00202-00068282-00068350": "[Laughter]", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00203-00068351-00068709": "[Music]", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00204-00068710-00069492": "[Laughter]", "E-E0GL4_s7U-00205-00069493-00069775": "[Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "E-ZQLELTWyE", "text": {"E-ZQLELTWyE-00000-00000496-00000711": "thank you casey well welcome everyone", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00001-00000712-00000911": "and thank you so much for the invitation", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00002-00000911-00001127": "i've been here since", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00003-00001128-00001319": "wednesday night i guess is when i", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00004-00001320-00001535": "arrived and it's my first time in alaska", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00005-00001536-00001679": "thank you for the weather i actually", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00006-00001680-00001959": "packed a thick jacket and it has stayed", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00007-00001960-00002175": "in my closet the entire time here could", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00008-00002176-00002415": "not be any better so", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00009-00002416-00002583": "on", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00010-00002584-00002807": "last week i talked", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00011-00002808-00003063": "at a number of events here and earlier", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00012-00003064-00003343": "in the week i guess yesterday i uh", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00013-00003344-00003590": "met with some faculty to talk about my", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00014-00003592-00003806": "experiences at oregon state university", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00015-00003807-00003959": "and how", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00016-00003960-00004054": "we", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00017-00004055-00004247": "how we do ecampus how we do online", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00018-00004248-00004454": "learning how we implemented some", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00019-00004455-00004654": "new programs there and how we have grown", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00020-00004655-00004743": "from", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00021-00004744-00005038": "a smallish program and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00022-00005039-00005367": "a university that was you know okay to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00023-00005368-00005583": "now one of the major contenders in", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00024-00005584-00005791": "online learning", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00025-00005792-00005967": "just to give you an idea last year we", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00026-00005968-00006167": "were ranked number 46", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00027-00006168-00006406": "as the best online universities in the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00028-00006408-00006670": "country this year we are number five", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00029-00006672-00006903": "and i always say that because our", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00030-00006904-00007070": "president says it so i think you know i", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00031-00007072-00007198": "should say too", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00032-00007200-00007398": "so here it is we're number five now and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00033-00007400-00007598": "i'm going to explain a little bit how we", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00034-00007600-00007895": "did that give you an idea how", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00035-00007895-00008119": "um language is contributed to that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00036-00008120-00008399": "success and to uh that rise the the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00037-00008400-00008671": "climbing up in the ranking", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00038-00008672-00008895": "but before i do that i i would like to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00039-00008896-00009110": "know where you are from because i", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00040-00009111-00009327": "understand that some of you teach in", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00041-00009328-00009591": "languages some of you are administrators", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00042-00009592-00009678": "and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00043-00009679-00009974": "it will give me an idea what what to say", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00044-00009975-00010231": "and what not to say basically so how to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00045-00010232-00010535": "how to tailor my uh my talk to you so", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00046-00010536-00010710": "how many of you are in languages how", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00047-00010711-00010983": "many of you teach languages", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00048-00010984-00011095": "great", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00049-00011096-00011238": "thank you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00050-00011239-00011510": "how many of you are in a in an", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00051-00011511-00011638": "administrative position in the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00052-00011639-00011935": "humanities", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00053-00011936-00012174": "one in the sciences administrator in the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00054-00012175-00012414": "sciences", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00055-00012415-00012687": "any other administrator", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00056-00012688-00012951": "great thank you and faculty not teaching", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00057-00012952-00013111": "languages but teaching something else", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00058-00013112-00013311": "great thank you well just um out of pure", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00059-00013312-00013447": "interest what what are your fields", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00060-00013447-00013591": "computer science", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00061-00013591-00013743": "computer science oh computer i heard", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00062-00013744-00014655": "beer science that's my man", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00063-00014656-00014863": "linguistics wonderful", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00064-00014863-00015086": "school of education perfect this is", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00065-00015087-00015247": "wonderful because you will see that some", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00066-00015247-00015543": "of my uh like some portions of my talk", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00067-00015544-00015783": "will apply to other fields as well you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00068-00015784-00016094": "know in fact all of the entire talk will", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00069-00016095-00016358": "or might help you figure out how you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00070-00016359-00016599": "could if you are so inclined could", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00071-00016600-00016950": "develop online programs an online course", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00072-00016951-00017207": "on online presence or how you could talk", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00073-00017208-00017391": "to colleagues how you could maybe", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00074-00017392-00017583": "overcome your fear", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00075-00017584-00017871": "um of online learning and this is why i", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00076-00017872-00018183": "entitled my talk navigating change", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00077-00018184-00018407": "the online language teaching in the 21st", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00078-00018408-00018527": "century", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00079-00018528-00018767": "so", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00080-00018768-00019014": "just out of curiosity again because i'm", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00081-00019015-00019279": "a very curious person online language", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00082-00019280-00019471": "learning what do you associate with that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00083-00019472-00019639": "when you hear you know languages", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00084-00019640-00019807": "language teaching online what comes to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00085-00019808-00020127": "your mind", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00086-00020128-00020519": "rosetta rosetta stone yes my friend yes", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00087-00020520-00020663": "yeah thank you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00088-00020664-00020783": "what else", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00089-00020784-00020943": "to me it's one of the hardest subjects", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00090-00020944-00021150": "to teach online very good yes and of", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00091-00021151-00021367": "course i i feel with you and that was", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00092-00021368-00021575": "exactly what we felt when we we started", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00093-00021576-00021758": "this program it's hard", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00094-00021759-00021903": "i don't want to say impossible because", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00095-00021904-00022175": "it is possible but we felt at times that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00096-00022176-00022367": "it was a huge there were huge hurdles", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00097-00022368-00022535": "that we needed to overcome", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00098-00022536-00022847": "yeah how do i how do i present like the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00099-00022848-00023103": "points of articulation in ways that you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00100-00023104-00023367": "know my students do learn", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00101-00023368-00023567": "the sounds and stuff", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00102-00023568-00023791": "yeah very good so how do we adapt what", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00103-00023792-00023950": "we teach", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00104-00023951-00024150": "in a face-to-face classroom to online", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00105-00024151-00024294": "learning how do we make sure that our", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00106-00024295-00024527": "students learn how do do we make sure", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00107-00024528-00024663": "that the things that we want them to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00108-00024664-00024878": "learn how can we transfer that and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00109-00024879-00025142": "translate that into the online classroom", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00110-00025143-00025311": "and how do you turn your neighbor in", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00111-00025312-00025550": "practice what we just did", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00112-00025551-00025670": "absolutely and what we do in the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00113-00025672-00025822": "classroom every day especially in the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00114-00025823-00025999": "language classroom the interaction", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00115-00026000-00026174": "always with other people interacting", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00116-00026175-00026495": "with peers the oral component", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00117-00026495-00026687": "so i want to share something with you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00118-00026688-00026870": "that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00119-00026872-00027127": "our faculty my colleagues and i don't", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00120-00027127-00027270": "know if you can you actually see that in", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00121-00027272-00027479": "the back okay great thank you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00122-00027480-00027558": "so", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00123-00027560-00027758": "you will see you will recognize a number", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00124-00027760-00027943": "of things that you just brought up and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00125-00027944-00028102": "many many more because these were", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00126-00028104-00028351": "concerns that we as faculty and i'm an", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00127-00028352-00028527": "associate professor of german so i teach", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00128-00028527-00028831": "languages i'm in the classroom every day", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00129-00028832-00028967": "um i", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00130-00028968-00029183": "always say i'm not an administrator and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00131-00029183-00029399": "i do not work for our online learning", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00132-00029400-00029702": "ecampus department i am in the classroom", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00133-00029704-00029895": "i teach face-to-face i teach hybrid and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00134-00029895-00030039": "i teach online", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00135-00030039-00030231": "so but these were concerns that we as", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00136-00030232-00030439": "faculty had and especially as language", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00137-00030439-00030567": "faculty", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00138-00030568-00030783": "you know how do we do that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00139-00030783-00030943": "the notion that languages cannot be", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00140-00030944-00031158": "taught online ever because you know we", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00141-00031160-00031358": "need the interaction we need to talk we", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00142-00031360-00031502": "need to be able to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00143-00031503-00031735": "uh to communicate with", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00144-00031736-00031911": "with the other students and with the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00145-00031912-00032102": "instructor in the classroom what about", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00146-00032103-00032414": "the oral proficiency you know so how do", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00147-00032416-00032655": "we accomplish that how can a student", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00148-00032656-00032855": "sitting somewhere uh in front of a", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00149-00032856-00033151": "computer how can she or he actually", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00150-00033152-00033367": "learn a language and speak you know that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00151-00033368-00033590": "goes beyond the rosetta stone put the cd", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00152-00033591-00033943": "in listen and repeat and so on the uh", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00153-00033944-00034239": "there was the uh the uh i guess the the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00154-00034240-00034439": "notion that students would prefer face", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00155-00034440-00034615": "to face you know and you see a number of", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00156-00034616-00034831": "other things technology we always have", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00157-00034832-00034999": "technology issues at oregon state", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00158-00035000-00035223": "university and you do too because", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00159-00035224-00035415": "setting up here was an experience in", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00160-00035416-00035671": "itself so yes and it is the reality you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00161-00035672-00035902": "know you cannot rely on technology", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00162-00035903-00036239": "things do go wrong all the time um what", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00163-00036240-00036439": "about the isolation between students and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00164-00036440-00036623": "faculty you know how can you create that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00165-00036624-00036783": "community that you create in the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00166-00036784-00037062": "classroom through computers that might", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00167-00037063-00037359": "be somewhere in remote areas of the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00168-00037360-00037646": "state or maybe even beyond the state", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00169-00037647-00037887": "the learning outcomes you know again for", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00170-00037888-00038174": "languages speaking speaking speaking how", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00171-00038175-00038327": "can i make sure that the students come", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00172-00038328-00038543": "out with the same proficiency level", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00173-00038544-00038783": "the workload for faculty", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00174-00038784-00038990": "do we have to work more you know who", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00175-00038991-00039223": "pays for the development of classes can", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00176-00039224-00039455": "we teach these classes in load or as", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00177-00039456-00039687": "overload you know all of these details", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00178-00039688-00039967": "and uh yeah and again you know who is", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00179-00039968-00040127": "going to compensate me for all of the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00180-00040128-00040302": "work that i have to put in in the front", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00181-00040303-00040551": "and before i can actually teach a class", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00182-00040552-00040790": "i uh shared in one of these events i", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00183-00040791-00040887": "shared", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00184-00040888-00041023": "uh um", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00185-00041024-00041135": "a graph", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00186-00041136-00041383": "that compared my workload as a faculty", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00187-00041384-00041567": "member teaching face-to-face versus", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00188-00041568-00041830": "online courses and it went like this you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00189-00041831-00042102": "know so it started out by um", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00190-00042103-00042246": "the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00191-00042247-00042455": "time that i need to put in as an online", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00192-00042456-00042687": "instructor before i even teach a class", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00193-00042688-00042855": "was right around 200 hours you know", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00194-00042856-00043015": "before day one", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00195-00043016-00043215": "and uh so but who's going to pay for", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00196-00043216-00043390": "that do i do that on top of things you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00197-00043391-00043630": "know i have no time anyway how do we do", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00198-00043631-00043958": "that and uh you know then of course uh", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00199-00043959-00044143": "the practical things for our students", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00200-00044144-00044351": "what happens when things go wrong who", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00201-00044352-00044535": "helps our students", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00202-00044536-00044751": "who proctors the tests you know can they", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00203-00044752-00044911": "just have the book open right next to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00204-00044912-00045199": "them when they take the test or", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00205-00045200-00045390": "who who helps them when they have", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00206-00045391-00045574": "problems with the homework they cannot", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00207-00045575-00045743": "just walk into your office hours you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00208-00045744-00045951": "know all of that doesn't work so all of", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00209-00045952-00046543": "these concerns were concerns we had", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00210-00046544-00046758": "and there were some some uh myths and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00211-00046759-00046943": "you know you will see some overlap here", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00212-00046944-00047023": "so", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00213-00047024-00047239": "online learning outcomes uh and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00214-00047240-00047415": "face-to-face learning outcomes there is", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00215-00047416-00047630": "the myth that you know these", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00216-00047631-00047815": "are not the same and online learning", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00217-00047816-00048079": "cannot be as good as effective", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00218-00048080-00048327": "as uh face-to-face learning", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00219-00048328-00048511": "it it truly is a myth let me tell you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00220-00048512-00048790": "right away because uh we have shown", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00221-00048791-00048967": "exactly the opposite that online and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00222-00048968-00049223": "hybrid learning for our students all", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00223-00049224-00049646": "across the languages is much much better", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00224-00049647-00049807": "the fear that online learning will", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00225-00049808-00050062": "replace classroom teaching you know so", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00226-00050063-00050262": "what if we don't like online teaching or", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00227-00050263-00050430": "what if we think we don't like online", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00228-00050431-00050783": "teaching will we become obsolete", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00229-00050784-00051463": "and or will we be forced to teach online", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00230-00051464-00051758": "the time savings component", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00231-00051759-00051975": "and things like the students you know", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00232-00051976-00052175": "what if students hate being being taught", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00233-00052176-00052319": "online what if they like being in the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00234-00052320-00052526": "classroom with us what if they like", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00235-00052527-00052766": "talking to us coming to see us learning", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00236-00052767-00052991": "from us directly so essentially all of", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00237-00052991-00053175": "the things that you see here", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00238-00053176-00053503": "um are things that we struggled with and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00239-00053504-00053759": "we thought we needed to figure out what", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00240-00053760-00053966": "to do at osu", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00241-00053967-00054223": "because uh in 2008 we were forced with", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00242-00054224-00054415": "with uh budget cuts and so one of the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00243-00054416-00054623": "solutions that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00244-00054624-00054966": "we came up with was an online presence", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00245-00054967-00055126": "you know trying to figure out how to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00246-00055127-00055399": "teach online not to save money but to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00247-00055400-00055559": "complement what we did in our", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00248-00055560-00055782": "face-to-face classes to see if we would", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00249-00055783-00056047": "be able to grow our programs to attract", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00250-00056048-00056287": "new students not to shift the students", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00251-00056288-00056623": "from face to face to online but", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00252-00056624-00056871": "to look beyond what we offered at the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00253-00056872-00057159": "university so this is why we started the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00254-00057160-00057423": "online programs here", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00255-00057424-00057775": "so i brought because uh most of us are", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00256-00057776-00057942": "um", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00257-00057944-00058103": "we only believe in research right we", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00258-00058104-00058263": "want to see evidence and i might tell", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00259-00058264-00058430": "you a lot of things but we want to see", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00260-00058432-00058671": "that other people have written about it", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00261-00058672-00058935": "and so i brought you a couple of sources", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00262-00058936-00059247": "here people who have written about the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00263-00059248-00059519": "challenges in the online classroom and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00264-00059520-00059679": "in particular the online language", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00265-00059679-00059887": "learning classroom and if you look at", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00266-00059888-00060119": "the dates of these publications", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00267-00060120-00060335": "the the earliest of the publications i", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00268-00060336-00060623": "believe i have here is 2005. this is a", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00269-00060624-00060838": "relatively young field you know pretty", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00270-00060839-00061071": "much like online learning in general", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00271-00061072-00061319": "that a lot of the it is still uncharted", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00272-00061320-00061463": "ground and we are trying to figure out", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00273-00061464-00061654": "how to do that you know how can we do", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00274-00061655-00061919": "that how can we make sure that we", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00275-00061920-00062159": "get all of the things done that need to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00276-00062160-00062406": "get done how can we create a successful", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00277-00062407-00062703": "online learning experience so", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00278-00062704-00062887": "if you just go through that you see that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00279-00062888-00063119": "these publications address a lot of", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00280-00063120-00063294": "these challenges", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00281-00063295-00063406": "and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00282-00063407-00063623": "a number of these scholars have no", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00283-00063624-00063815": "answers either they just they make us", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00284-00063816-00064023": "aware of you know the problems that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00285-00064024-00064150": "we're facing", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00286-00064151-00064303": "and uh", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00287-00064304-00064454": "we're trying to figure out how can we", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00288-00064455-00064638": "create these structures that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00289-00064639-00065142": "needed to happen", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00290-00065144-00065375": "you know the question of the teachers", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00291-00065376-00065567": "especially language teachers and online", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00292-00065568-00065782": "language teachers if no one has", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00293-00065783-00065919": "experience", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00294-00065920-00066135": "in teaching languages online who do we", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00295-00066136-00066391": "bring in to teach these classes", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00296-00066392-00066663": "are there any models we can use and i", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00297-00066664-00066894": "think some of you might have the similar", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00298-00066895-00067094": "experience what if there is no other", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00299-00067095-00067382": "model out there for your field or what", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00300-00067383-00067567": "if that model is one that may not be", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00301-00067568-00067711": "appropriate for", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00302-00067712-00067935": "a university like uaf you know what if", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00303-00067936-00068159": "you just have a huge private univ a", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00304-00068160-00068391": "university with a large endowment", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00305-00068392-00068575": "probably doesn't apply you know you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00306-00068576-00068782": "don't have the same structure so how do", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00307-00068783-00068959": "you make that work", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00308-00068960-00069055": "and uh", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00309-00069056-00069215": "all of these problems are problems we", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00310-00069216-00069519": "had to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00311-00069520-00069726": "and uh so we started doing some research", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00312-00069727-00069871": "and we started doing some studies and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00313-00069872-00070071": "here are some um some", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00314-00070072-00070247": "some findings from these studies from", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00315-00070248-00070471": "the research we did from looking at the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00316-00070472-00070743": "students from comparing the face-to-face", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00317-00070744-00070975": "classroom to the online classroom we", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00318-00070976-00071167": "compared subsets of students in first", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00319-00071168-00071406": "year spanish for example in second year", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00320-00071407-00071726": "german just to see how it would play out", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00321-00071727-00071967": "the students who were taking the online", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00322-00071968-00072206": "classes and the face-to-face classes", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00323-00072207-00072335": "and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00324-00072336-00072567": "we i mean much like you if you look at", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00325-00072568-00072831": "that right now we were uh tremendously", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00326-00072832-00073126": "surprised by the outcomes because we", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00327-00073127-00073406": "found for example right here no", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00328-00073407-00073671": "significant difference between students", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00329-00073672-00073887": "taking online classes and students", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00330-00073888-00074071": "taking the face-to-face classes in the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00331-00074072-00074350": "learning outcomes so essentially", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00332-00074351-00074438": "the way", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00333-00074439-00074711": "to accomplishing these learning outcomes", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00334-00074712-00074887": "was different", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00335-00074888-00075135": "but the learning outcomes the students", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00336-00075136-00075343": "accomplished and the online students", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00337-00075344-00075559": "accomplished much better so again to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00338-00075560-00075815": "give you an example oral proficiency", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00339-00075816-00076087": "first-year spanish this uh", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00340-00076088-00076303": "the subset of students in online in a in", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00341-00076304-00076526": "a course of online spanish and in the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00342-00076527-00076694": "course of uh the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00343-00076695-00076967": "on-campus spanish the students in the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00344-00076968-00077311": "online classroom came out with a", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00345-00077312-00077543": "much higher median grade and much better", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00346-00077544-00077782": "oral proficiency so they had an", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00347-00077783-00077982": "easier time transitioning into second", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00348-00077983-00078079": "year", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00349-00078080-00078406": "spanish than the uh the the face-to-face", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00350-00078407-00078671": "students and we can talk about that in", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00351-00078672-00078847": "the the end why that is there are a", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00352-00078848-00079079": "number of uh of factors i think that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00353-00079080-00079319": "influence this", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00354-00079320-00079479": "the students", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00355-00079480-00079687": "excuse me the students who take part of", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00356-00079688-00079903": "their course online", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00357-00079904-00080103": "perform better than face-to-face or at", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00358-00080104-00080326": "least in the hybrid model and i think", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00359-00080327-00080487": "that has to do with", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00360-00080488-00080719": "the fact that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00361-00080720-00080838": "a lot of the time we're dealing with", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00362-00080839-00081087": "digital natives you know so", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00363-00081088-00081182": "um", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00364-00081183-00081359": "were students who", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00365-00081360-00081567": "the non-traditional students who need", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00366-00081568-00081838": "some flexibility the students who", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00367-00081839-00082094": "have a family have", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00368-00082095-00082238": "other", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00369-00082239-00082375": "other things that they need to deal with", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00370-00082376-00082599": "on a day-to-day basis and so just giving", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00371-00082600-00082791": "them the flexibility to do all of the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00372-00082792-00083182": "work might be one way to get out of that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00373-00083183-00083431": "and then again you know we", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00374-00083432-00083623": "made the big mistake initially of", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00375-00083624-00083871": "transferring some of the content", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00376-00083872-00084143": "the face-to-face content just online and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00377-00084144-00084294": "that failed and we had to redo it", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00378-00084295-00084511": "because we needed to figure out", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00379-00084512-00084831": "different ways and so", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00380-00084832-00085047": "i'm going to talk", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00381-00085048-00085150": "about", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00382-00085151-00085406": "the ba in in german as one of the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00383-00085407-00085615": "examples and i'm going to walk you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00384-00085616-00085862": "through the program just by looking at", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00385-00085863-00086038": "the program in general", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00386-00086039-00086279": "and by looking at a number of courses", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00387-00086280-00086455": "and a number of strategies that we", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00388-00086456-00086631": "implemented to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00389-00086632-00086815": "create the curriculum and to create", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00390-00086816-00086943": "these courses", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00391-00086944-00087231": "so as you can see the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00392-00087232-00087406": "one of the new stories that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00393-00087407-00087743": "our ecampus department", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00394-00087744-00087894": "ran was that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00395-00087895-00088223": "it talked about apple face-to-face time", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00396-00088224-00088431": "in the online classroom and that was", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00397-00088432-00088631": "important because like you the number", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00398-00088632-00088831": "one question was you know", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00399-00088832-00088967": "how can we speak", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00400-00088968-00089135": "as a student as a prospective student", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00401-00089136-00089279": "you go there and you say well i really", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00402-00089280-00089503": "want to learn learn german i want to get", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00403-00089504-00089871": "a german degree but how can you make me", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00404-00089872-00090079": "speak after these four years how can i", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00405-00090080-00090175": "be", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00406-00090176-00090494": "fluent or near native or whatever these", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00407-00090495-00090638": "students thought they would be able to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00408-00090639-00090918": "do in four or five years of studying a", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00409-00090919-00091094": "language so coming out of that language", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00410-00091095-00091294": "degree and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00411-00091295-00091438": "so", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00412-00091439-00091687": "our first step was to figure out how can", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00413-00091688-00092047": "we give them enough speaking time", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00414-00092048-00092255": "the way we do this right now and i know", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00415-00092256-00092375": "that this is probably the most", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00416-00092376-00092511": "interesting to you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00417-00092512-00092718": "is we ask students in the beginning of", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00418-00092719-00092911": "the quarter to sign up", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00419-00092912-00093238": "for um", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00420-00093239-00093503": "google hangouts that take place every", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00421-00093504-00093711": "other week groups up to four students", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00422-00093712-00093918": "and the instructor", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00423-00093919-00094079": "kind of call in through the google", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00424-00094080-00094350": "hangout and they speak for 20 to 30", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00425-00094351-00094615": "minutes so in a small group setting it's", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00426-00094616-00094959": "a very intensive dialogue that is taking", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00427-00094960-00095126": "place there and every student goes", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00428-00095127-00095303": "through that so every other week they", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00429-00095304-00095511": "have one of these intensive", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00430-00095512-00095743": "20 to 30 minute sessions practicing", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00431-00095744-00095999": "their spoken german in addition to that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00432-00096000-00096279": "we have a number of tutors who are", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00433-00096280-00096559": "available online for for students so", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00434-00096560-00096750": "they can skype with these german tutors", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00435-00096751-00096926": "to practice their german", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00436-00096927-00097118": "on the side there are a number of", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00437-00097119-00097318": "assignments that students do throughout", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00438-00097319-00097535": "the week they send in", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00439-00097536-00097735": "videos that they record they engage in", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00440-00097736-00097959": "dialogues with other students they sign", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00441-00097960-00098071": "up", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00442-00098072-00098167": "for", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00443-00098168-00098399": "many conversation sessions with peers", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00444-00098400-00098623": "from their courses and they record these", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00445-00098624-00098791": "sessions and send them into the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00446-00098792-00098959": "instructor and the instructor grades", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00447-00098960-00099231": "these and gives them feedback so again", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00448-00099232-00099503": "this ample face-to-face time in an", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00449-00099504-00099647": "online environment", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00450-00099648-00100350": "was very important", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00451-00100351-00100550": "now of course you're only hearing from", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00452-00100551-00100679": "me and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00453-00100680-00100791": "what i", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00454-00100792-00101006": "like to do is i like to have my", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00455-00101007-00101191": "colleagues tell you too how they feel", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00456-00101192-00101359": "about it what i uh", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00457-00101360-00101567": "brought in and i just i'm just going to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00458-00101568-00101799": "share a couple of minutes of this uh", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00459-00101800-00102071": "video that we as german faculty created", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00460-00102072-00102150": "for", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00461-00102151-00102399": "our prospective students here", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00462-00102400-00102686": "and so if you just look at i guess uh", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00463-00102688-00102847": "obviously the content but also the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00464-00102848-00103190": "enthusiasm we all believe that this will", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00465-00103191-00103406": "work and that this is working and we", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00466-00103407-00103727": "were trying to convey that in this video", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00467-00103728-00104415": "to our prospective students", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00468-00104416-00104671": "germany at osu is", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00469-00104672-00104951": "it's a pretty cool experience german osu", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00470-00104952-00105086": "is", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00471-00105088-00105447": "a program that includes language classes", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00472-00105448-00105663": "it includes a lot of film classes even", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00473-00105664-00105871": "some literature classes and classes that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00474-00105872-00106047": "prepare students to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00475-00106048-00106271": "start the professional world like start", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00476-00106272-00106463": "their professional life in germany i", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00477-00106464-00106639": "think we are a little bit different than", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00478-00106640-00106831": "other programs so we try to distinguish", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00479-00106832-00107119": "ourselves from from programs like the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00480-00107120-00107399": "german program at the ufo or at psu it's", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00481-00107400-00107527": "this kind of sense of community that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00482-00107528-00107734": "we're trying to build we launched the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00483-00107735-00107871": "first ever", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00484-00107872-00108078": "completely online german major in the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00485-00108079-00108390": "country we are the only program in the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00486-00108391-00108647": "nation uh offering an online degree a", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00487-00108648-00108878": "major in german in addition to the minor", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00488-00108879-00109054": "so there are a bunch of universities", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00489-00109055-00109254": "offering a minor in german but osu is", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00490-00109255-00109486": "the only one within major and we now", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00491-00109488-00109758": "have 40 online majors", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00492-00109759-00109990": "what the online major", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00493-00109991-00110254": "in my mind has has done is to reveal", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00494-00110255-00110454": "that german is still relevant it is", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00495-00110455-00110583": "still a language that people want to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00496-00110583-00110727": "learn for business", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00497-00110728-00110878": "for travel", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00498-00110879-00111158": "for exchange or study abroad for for any", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00499-00111159-00111351": "number of reasons it seems that german", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00500-00111352-00111495": "is relevant to people it seems that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00501-00111496-00111686": "people want to learn it so it's our goal", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00502-00111688-00111951": "to offer the highest quality", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00503-00111952-00112239": "online language education possible it's", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00504-00112240-00112431": "growing all the time it's growing all", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00505-00112432-00112583": "the time yeah and we're always", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00506-00112583-00112758": "developing new classes", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00507-00112759-00112895": "we're coming away from the traditional", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00508-00112896-00113063": "degree in", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00509-00113064-00113199": "literature focused on national", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00510-00113200-00113390": "literature we're looking at language and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00511-00113391-00113566": "the study of language as a way into", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00512-00113567-00113775": "understanding the way", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00513-00113776-00114007": "global media work one of the core", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00514-00114008-00114254": "elements is what we call media literacy", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00515-00114255-00114415": "teaching students how to approach a", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00516-00114416-00114566": "number of different media and so what", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00517-00114567-00114719": "we're looking to do is to really train", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00518-00114720-00114883": "students in the ability to read and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00519-00114883-00115254": "understand the way media crosses", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00520-00115255-00115447": "these national international borders", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00521-00115448-00115671": "train students to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00522-00115672-00115895": "read a number of different texts and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00523-00115896-00116054": "texts is not just you know the written", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00524-00116055-00116199": "work but also", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00525-00116200-00116439": "films fast pretty", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00526-00116440-00116654": "accessible everywhere", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00527-00116655-00116799": "i think this kind of open source", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00528-00116800-00116934": "education", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00529-00116935-00117102": "that's available online is definitely", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00530-00117103-00117254": "the future we're getting students from", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00531-00117255-00117415": "all around the country i have students", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00532-00117416-00117678": "from georgia and the east coast", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00533-00117679-00117815": "and students were actually living in", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00534-00117816-00118015": "germany right now german at osu is", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00535-00118016-00118286": "really trying to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00536-00118288-00118519": "to hone in on what osu students need so", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00537-00118520-00118719": "it's our job to observe what students", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00538-00118720-00118934": "need and what they want", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00539-00118935-00119119": "in order to be proficient in the german", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00540-00119120-00119319": "language we are always willing to work", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00541-00119320-00119534": "with students to help develop things", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00542-00119535-00119727": "that they're interested in whatever your", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00543-00119728-00119871": "interests are you can find people who", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00544-00119872-00119990": "are interested in it whatever your", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00545-00119991-00120183": "professional goals are you can find", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00546-00120183-00120375": "people who are also pursuing those goals", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00547-00120376-00120583": "in german we really do listen to our", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00548-00120583-00120799": "german majors and minors it's like okay", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00549-00120800-00120958": "so what would you like to do we're", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00550-00120959-00121231": "working really hard right now to attract", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00551-00121232-00121527": "engineers at osu to learn german we try", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00552-00121528-00121758": "to cater to students who are interested", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00553-00121759-00121990": "in the sciences let's just gold this", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00554-00121991-00122199": "combination of engineering degree like", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00555-00122200-00122454": "particularly like mechanical engineering", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00556-00122455-00122607": "plus", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00557-00122608-00122727": "german", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00558-00122728-00123023": "is just career goals there are so many", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00559-00123024-00123231": "opportunities in engineering in germany", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00560-00123232-00123366": "make sure that they're getting what they", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00561-00123367-00123558": "want to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00562-00123559-00123783": "yeah so maybe i'll stop here for uh for", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00563-00123783-00123990": "the moment i'm so i think you could see", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00564-00123991-00124175": "that uh you know we're playing all of", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00565-00124176-00124366": "the different fields here trying to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00566-00124367-00124519": "attract a number of like a really", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00567-00124520-00124678": "diverse audience", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00568-00124679-00124951": "audience i think what is important to uh", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00569-00124952-00125199": "note here is that the online student", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00570-00125200-00125471": "population is a non-traditional student", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00571-00125472-00125702": "population largely and this is why we", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00572-00125703-00125919": "made this video because we also wanted", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00573-00125920-00126110": "to bring in those students who otherwise", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00574-00126111-00126390": "had no opportunity of taking german so", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00575-00126391-00126551": "non-traditional students you know we", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00576-00126552-00126743": "have a lot of students who", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00577-00126744-00126958": "would otherwise not be able to take our", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00578-00126959-00127134": "classes in corvallis we have a large", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00579-00127135-00127510": "military population we have a large", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00580-00127511-00127814": "portion of students with disabilities we", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00581-00127815-00128175": "have you know the single mom we have", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00582-00128176-00128478": "high school students taking our classes", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00583-00128479-00128695": "because german has been phased out of", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00584-00128696-00128919": "their high school and so on and so forth", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00585-00128920-00129110": "you know we have students in countries", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00586-00129111-00129327": "without access to higher education", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00587-00129328-00129439": "otherwise", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00588-00129440-00129663": "um you know the students in iraq the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00589-00129664-00129814": "students in", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00590-00129815-00130047": "in japan we have students taking our", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00591-00130048-00130295": "program from germany and so on so it's", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00592-00130296-00130502": "really a wide variety but of of course", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00593-00130503-00130751": "we also wanted to bring in the students", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00594-00130752-00130975": "and the student population the engineers", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00595-00130976-00131214": "who have such a uh packed curriculum", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00596-00131215-00131414": "that they would not have otherwise been", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00597-00131415-00131683": "able to take our classes so", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00598-00131684-00131966": "um what does our curriculum and our", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00599-00131967-00132166": "program look like if", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00600-00132167-00132335": "right now we're still using blackboard", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00601-00132336-00132502": "and it has that little asterisk because", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00602-00132503-00132678": "we're now facing out blackboard and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00603-00132679-00133127": "trans uh moving to canvas as our lms", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00604-00133128-00133287": "and uh", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00605-00133288-00133407": "the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00606-00133408-00133639": "all of these courses here are completely", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00607-00133640-00133823": "uh accessible through blackboard or now", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00608-00133824-00134054": "through canvas so all our students need", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00609-00134055-00134271": "is a computer and an internet connection", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00610-00134272-00134487": "and the computer needs to have a camera", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00611-00134488-00134687": "and a microphone and that's it", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00612-00134688-00134999": "everything else is located in", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00613-00135000-00135366": "uh the the course site on now on canvas", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00614-00135367-00135502": "and everything has kind of a", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00615-00135503-00135678": "standardized form and that's also", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00616-00135679-00135902": "important so we came up with kind of a", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00617-00135903-00136047": "matrix for", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00618-00136048-00136383": "um the left hand uh side the left column", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00619-00136384-00136614": "here so that students would always find", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00620-00136615-00136878": "it easy to transfer from one course to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00621-00136879-00137087": "another you know they would only have to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00622-00137088-00137319": "look at one course and they would know", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00623-00137320-00137551": "in the future where to find the things", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00624-00137552-00137766": "so things like", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00625-00137767-00137983": "a course that does wikis it's always", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00626-00137984-00138135": "going to be here here the blackboard", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00627-00138136-00138383": "recorder you know so to record your own", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00628-00138384-00138502": "videos", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00629-00138503-00138783": "um always right there very easy to find", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00630-00138784-00138927": "and you know very transparent for", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00631-00138928-00139199": "students and again everything is is in", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00632-00139200-00139454": "there within these courses we're on the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00633-00139455-00139647": "quarter system so in these courses", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00634-00139648-00139854": "instead of um", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00635-00139855-00140102": "grouping our and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00636-00140103-00140343": "ordering within the courses instead of", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00637-00140344-00140607": "doing that by topics or by modules we", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00638-00140608-00140863": "decided to go with a week by week folder", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00639-00140864-00141135": "structure for practical reasons we ask", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00640-00141136-00141319": "our students to turn in their homework", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00641-00141320-00141527": "twice a week and that's usually on", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00642-00141528-00141863": "wednesdays and on sundays", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00643-00141864-00142031": "and uh", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00644-00142032-00142231": "we uh by doing", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00645-00142232-00142399": "all of the things in folders we found", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00646-00142400-00142678": "that it was very easy for students", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00647-00142679-00142895": "to remember that so you click on week", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00648-00142896-00143102": "one you go into that folder and you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00649-00143103-00143278": "start your homework up to a certain", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00650-00143279-00143366": "point", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00651-00143367-00143551": "on wednesday you submit it and you do", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00652-00143552-00143702": "the second part and you submit it on", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00653-00143703-00143878": "sunday and then the following week you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00654-00143879-00144111": "move into week two so a lot of the time", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00655-00144112-00144447": "our learning and our learning modules uh", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00656-00144448-00144623": "you know they crossed they they started", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00657-00144624-00144847": "in one week went into the second week", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00658-00144848-00145039": "and sometimes a test would take place in", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00659-00145040-00145254": "the middle of another week but that was", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00660-00145255-00145431": "the structure that was the most and the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00661-00145432-00145671": "best for for our student", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00662-00145672-00145847": "it's kind of hard to read here because", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00663-00145848-00146135": "of the the the projector but this is a", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00664-00146136-00146375": "course that uh talks about german", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00665-00146376-00146535": "culture and it's contemporary german", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00666-00146536-00146759": "culture and the german legacy so we're", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00667-00146760-00146975": "uh talking about german identity here", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00668-00146976-00147151": "we're talking about national socialism", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00669-00147152-00147359": "about coming to terms with the past and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00670-00147360-00147519": "then we're moving in the second half of", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00671-00147520-00147678": "the course we're moving into the east", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00672-00147679-00147935": "west problematic so east germany versus", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00673-00147936-00148231": "west west germany unification nostalgia", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00674-00148232-00148399": "for the east and then germany and the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00675-00148400-00148726": "european union and multicultural germany", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00676-00148727-00148847": "so", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00677-00148848-00149119": "the turkish germans and so on this was a", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00678-00149120-00149311": "course that was built upon student", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00679-00149312-00149487": "feedback and you heard in the video that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00680-00149488-00149639": "we listened to the students so our", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00681-00149640-00149878": "students said we want a course on what", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00682-00149879-00150047": "germany looks like and you know why", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00683-00150048-00150302": "germany is the way it is and why germans", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00684-00150303-00150543": "are the way they are so we built this", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00685-00150544-00150935": "course based on uh on their wishes here", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00686-00150936-00151087": "okay", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00687-00151088-00151231": "um", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00688-00151232-00151519": "what we also found became very important", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00689-00151520-00151751": "was that our students wanted to know who", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00690-00151752-00151919": "we were", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00691-00151920-00152126": "so instead of having discussion boards", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00692-00152127-00152366": "and putting things in writing", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00693-00152367-00152526": "our students said you know but what do", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00694-00152527-00152726": "you look like and what do the other", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00695-00152727-00152926": "students in the class look like we want", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00696-00152927-00153063": "to know who", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00697-00153064-00153214": "the people are", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00698-00153215-00153390": "what we're doing right now is we're", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00699-00153391-00153599": "personalizing the courses by adding", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00700-00153600-00153871": "video a lot of video to the courses", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00701-00153872-00154095": "instructors are required to use video", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00702-00154096-00154399": "and the students too so in week one the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00703-00154400-00154599": "first thing that a student will get to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00704-00154600-00154790": "see when he or she starts the course is", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00705-00154791-00154966": "going to be something like this let's", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00706-00154967-00155239": "assume you're taking german 113 it's uh", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00707-00155240-00155423": "the last course in uh three part", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00708-00155424-00155639": "sequence first year german and you are", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00709-00155640-00155831": "taking the course with catherine one of", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00710-00155832-00156039": "our instructors and uh this is what you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00711-00156040-00156790": "would click on first", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00712-00156791-00157287": "and um", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00713-00157288-00157526": "so we have a new textbook brand new for", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00714-00157527-00157726": "this class 113", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00715-00157727-00157943": "and banana plots vibe and you have all", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00716-00157944-00158183": "new materials to correspond with it now", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00717-00158184-00158351": "ironically enough we are starting with", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00718-00158352-00158607": "chapter 13 the chapters are numbered to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00719-00158608-00158775": "correspond with the entire ballena plot", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00720-00158776-00158959": "sequence which is why it's not chapter", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00721-00158960-00159047": "one", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00722-00159048-00159254": "so go ahead and get started with chapter", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00723-00159255-00159551": "13 and you will find as most of you are", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00724-00159552-00159790": "probably already familiar your homework", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00725-00159791-00160071": "in the back of this main book", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00726-00160072-00160254": "which corresponds directly to exercises", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00727-00160255-00160495": "in the front and also the homework in", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00728-00160496-00160671": "your intensive trainer which is now", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00729-00160672-00160959": "intensity plana spy", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00730-00160960-00161039": "so", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00731-00161040-00161366": "again we will not be using the in the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00732-00161367-00161663": "cultural reader the tough point", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00733-00161664-00161895": "directly but it's a great", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00734-00161896-00162207": "enrichment for you and it also has a dvd", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00735-00162208-00162439": "in back for you to just view on your own", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00736-00162440-00162719": "for extra practice", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00737-00162720-00162959": "and you will find the glossa also on", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00738-00162960-00163190": "blackboard the glossa is a pdf document", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00739-00163191-00163390": "with all the relevant vocabulary for", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00740-00163391-00163543": "this textbook so", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00741-00163544-00163726": "you'll see that on the glossary numbers", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00742-00163727-00163959": "that correspond to exercises in this", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00743-00163960-00164199": "book to help you with the vocab", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00744-00164200-00164287": "okay", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00745-00164288-00164559": "baseball choose", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00746-00164560-00164719": "and so for um", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00747-00164720-00164911": "most of the assignments a student would", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00748-00164912-00165151": "get similar instruction a similar you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00749-00165152-00165407": "know assignment by catherine going back", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00750-00165408-00165575": "on camera and saying okay open your book", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00751-00165576-00165735": "and so and so let's look at this let's", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00752-00165736-00165871": "talk about this", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00753-00165872-00166254": "and uh um so kind of simulating the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00754-00166255-00166502": "face-to-face experience", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00755-00166503-00166751": "but it's still only one way right so how", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00756-00166752-00166959": "do we do it the other way well like i", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00757-00166960-00167190": "said we ask our students to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00758-00167191-00167454": "have a camera and a microphone", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00759-00167455-00167647": "and a number of their homework", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00760-00167648-00167863": "assignments the students are required to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00761-00167864-00168038": "turn in through video", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00762-00168039-00168335": "oral practice practice with other", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00763-00168336-00168631": "students and uh so as an example to show", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00764-00168632-00168790": "you what that might look like is i i", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00765-00168791-00168902": "brought in", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00766-00168903-00169159": "a student from third year german and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00767-00169160-00169431": "for those of you who speak german you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00768-00169432-00169623": "might be able to pick up on her", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00769-00169624-00169783": "proficiency level", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00770-00169784-00169959": "um what i like about her name is", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00771-00169960-00170119": "stephanie what i like about stephanie is", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00772-00170120-00170471": "that she is a tremendously shy student", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00773-00170472-00170583": "she is", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00774-00170584-00170799": "a student who", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00775-00170800-00171159": "rarely spoke up uh in class", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00776-00171160-00171311": "she is a student who used to be in", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00777-00171312-00171471": "corvallis and then she started taking", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00778-00171472-00171743": "online classes and in class in these", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00779-00171744-00171919": "face-to-face classes", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00780-00171920-00172126": "i mean she was one of the quiet quietest", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00781-00172127-00172295": "students you you know these students too", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00782-00172296-00172454": "right the the students who are good but", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00783-00172455-00172695": "who rarely speak well", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00784-00172696-00172895": "she started taking these online the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00785-00172896-00173038": "online classes", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00786-00173039-00173247": "and uh", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00787-00173248-00173375": "um", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00788-00173376-00173502": "so i was", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00789-00173503-00173783": "i was surprised to see how much she", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00790-00173784-00173959": "developed and what she was able to do", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00791-00173960-00174119": "and how much", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00792-00174120-00174351": "of a content how much substance she was", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00793-00174352-00174543": "able to put in these video responses so", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00794-00174544-00174687": "what she was not able to do in the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00795-00174688-00174926": "classroom she all of a sudden was able", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00796-00174927-00175119": "to pack in here i'm just going to play", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00797-00175120-00175302": "it for you it's not subtitled because it", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00798-00175303-00175495": "was just the video response it's a", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00799-00175496-00175647": "german culture course the course that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00800-00175648-00175838": "you saw earlier but i'm just going to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00801-00175839-00176054": "start playing into it and uh just also", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00802-00176055-00176343": "to show you how uh students might um are", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00803-00176344-00176590": "are becoming comfortable with the the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00804-00176591-00176871": "microphone and the camera after just a", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00805-00176872-00177271": "few weeks into the term", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00806-00177272-00179095": "hello here is stephanie and this is", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00807-00179096-00180735": "um", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00808-00180736-00180966": "uh", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00809-00180967-00181278": "so she she talks about selfies and how", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00810-00181279-00181526": "a friend of her took a selfie a video", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00811-00181527-00181743": "selfie at the holocaust memorial in", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00812-00181744-00181943": "berlin and how she found that this was", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00813-00181944-00182207": "inappropriate very problematic", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00814-00182208-00182295": "and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00815-00182296-00182559": "so she laid that out very nicely in two", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00816-00182560-00182783": "minutes in a way that i", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00817-00182784-00183095": "was absolutely surprised to see her do", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00818-00183096-00183319": "and hear her do in a third year german", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00819-00183320-00183559": "class you know so at a level", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00820-00183560-00183814": "very sophisticated and just wonderful", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00821-00183815-00184063": "and uh and she's not the only one she's", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00822-00184064-00184326": "not i mean of course we have you know um", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00823-00184327-00184623": "a wide variety of proficiency levels but", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00824-00184624-00184975": "overall that's kind of what we started", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00825-00184976-00185047": "to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00826-00185048-00185238": "expect in our third year german courses", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00827-00185239-00185438": "now so that we're starting to push the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00828-00185439-00185623": "students even more in already in third", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00829-00185624-00185814": "year they become much more proficient in", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00830-00185815-00185926": "fourth year", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00831-00185927-00186150": "now one of the issues that we had was", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00832-00186151-00186375": "that also with the textbook we chose was", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00833-00186376-00186614": "that our students said you know", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00834-00186615-00186847": "grammar is still important to us", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00835-00186848-00187047": "but we don't have these moments where we", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00836-00187048-00187302": "can ask our instructor", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00837-00187303-00187454": "these questions or you know we would", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00838-00187455-00187631": "really like to learn more about grammar", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00839-00187632-00187831": "beyond the book but we want our", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00840-00187832-00188047": "instructor to do that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00841-00188048-00188175": "and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00842-00188176-00188399": "we again did not want to use valuable", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00843-00188400-00188575": "classroom time or in this case we did", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00844-00188576-00188790": "not have any face-to-face time", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00845-00188791-00189119": "so we started what is known as a flipped", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00846-00189120-00189263": "classroom model and we started", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00847-00189264-00189543": "implementing that for our ecampus for", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00848-00189544-00189775": "our online classes too so we took the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00849-00189776-00190014": "first year german grammar split it up", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00850-00190015-00190119": "into", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00851-00190120-00190278": "certain topics", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00852-00190279-00190550": "and screen captured with camtasia", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00853-00190551-00190671": "the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00854-00190672-00190838": "the uh the um", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00855-00190839-00191023": "the uh the grammatical things that the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00856-00191024-00191231": "students wanted are needed it's an open", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00857-00191232-00191471": "access model it's on youtube freely", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00858-00191472-00191687": "available and so i'm just going to play", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00859-00191688-00192831": "uh a couple of uh minutes off", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00860-00192832-00193223": "in this episode we're talking about the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00861-00193224-00193366": "imperative", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00862-00193367-00193566": "imperative", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00863-00193567-00193854": "so as the picture suggests", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00864-00193855-00194214": "this is command language so we're being", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00865-00194215-00194447": "asked with the imperative to do", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00866-00194448-00194631": "something", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00867-00194632-00194766": "do it", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00868-00194767-00194911": "is what it says", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00869-00194912-00195183": "do it so in english the imperative is", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00870-00195184-00195519": "pretty similar to it is in german so you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00871-00195520-00195647": "can say", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00872-00195648-00195726": "go", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00873-00195727-00195847": "right", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00874-00195848-00195990": "go left", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00875-00195991-00196247": "stop", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00876-00196248-00196599": "stop at the sign", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00877-00196600-00196863": "like the stop sign so what do we see", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00878-00196864-00197150": "about these sentences so the verb is in", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00879-00197151-00197311": "the first position", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00880-00197312-00197414": "right", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00881-00197415-00197735": "well it's the same in german", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00882-00197736-00197999": "so in the german imperative i'll just", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00883-00198000-00198238": "illustrate it with a little", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00884-00198239-00198535": "story so when i was living in austria", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00885-00198536-00198726": "my austrian boyfriend at the time his", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00886-00198727-00199031": "mom really wanted me to eat uh because", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00887-00199032-00199247": "she cooked really well so she would tell", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00888-00199248-00199423": "me the dinner table", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00889-00199424-00199647": "is is", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00890-00199648-00199966": "is is or just nim", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00891-00199967-00200126": "because she wanted me to take", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00892-00200127-00200519": "the food right and then eat eat is is", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00893-00200520-00200775": "so let's unpack why this", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00894-00200776-00201126": "so um these videos are um", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00895-00201127-00201287": "they range in length from about five", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00896-00201288-00201471": "minutes to the longest i think is 22", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00897-00201472-00201735": "minutes for the more complex subject and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00898-00201736-00201863": "as you can imagine these are", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00899-00201864-00202031": "tremendously popular with the students", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00900-00202032-00202175": "because they can go back all the time", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00901-00202176-00202375": "they can pause they can replay over and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00902-00202376-00202478": "over again", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00903-00202479-00202638": "and then they can do the exercises in", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00904-00202639-00202790": "the book and they can ask the instructor", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00905-00202791-00203047": "you know is this how it goes and as an", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00906-00203048-00203190": "instructor i might say we'll go back to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00907-00203191-00203383": "video so and so because it explains it", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00908-00203384-00203599": "in there so again you know it kind of", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00909-00203600-00203983": "frees up my time uh as a faculty member", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00910-00203984-00204231": "so overall has this been successful in", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00911-00204232-00204471": "the video you heard about 40", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00912-00204472-00204702": "new majors where the video was made a", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00913-00204703-00204934": "couple of years ago and so i", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00914-00204935-00205231": "brought the latest statistics and that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00915-00205232-00205471": "is i guess the number that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00916-00205471-00205598": "is important", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00917-00205600-00205806": "for you is", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00918-00205807-00206038": "this one here", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00919-00206039-00206310": "so as of two weeks ago we have 140", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00920-00206311-00206598": "german majors admitted to our program", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00921-00206600-00206871": "and uh that has taken place in the last", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00922-00206871-00207023": "three years because", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00923-00207023-00207166": "you know the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00924-00207167-00207358": "in 2009 we didn't have a major yet we", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00925-00207359-00207679": "launched this major in 2011 2012 in the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00926-00207680-00207942": "first year we admitted 28 students 28", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00927-00207944-00208238": "new majors now we are at about 140 so i", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00928-00208239-00208455": "think at the end of this academic year", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00929-00208456-00208631": "like two or three weeks from now we will", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00930-00208632-00208886": "be right at around 150 which makes us", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00931-00208887-00209110": "the second largest program in the nation", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00932-00209111-00209271": "uh not just online you know because", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00933-00209271-00209486": "we're the only online program but in", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00934-00209487-00209751": "general and that uh", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00935-00209752-00210015": "is kind of a nice turnaround from three", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00936-00210016-00210310": "four well i guess four years ago no even", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00937-00210311-00210623": "more five six years ago when we were on", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00938-00210623-00210782": "on the chopping block as one of the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00939-00210783-00210998": "under underperforming low performing", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00940-00211000-00211215": "programs at oregon state because we", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00941-00211216-00211375": "could not even graduate 20 majors", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00942-00211376-00211542": "anymore because we didn't have those you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00943-00211544-00211639": "know we had", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00944-00211640-00211903": "a handful or two handfuls of majors in", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00945-00211904-00212127": "german and now all of a sudden we are on", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00946-00212128-00212279": "the other end", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00947-00212280-00212534": "and you know that of course has helped", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00948-00212535-00212606": "us", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00949-00212607-00212734": "um", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00950-00212735-00212919": "compared to the other languages you can", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00951-00212919-00213134": "see that we have oh that's not coming", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00952-00213135-00213358": "across very well so there are some other", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00953-00213359-00213727": "bars here for 2013 and 14.", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00954-00213728-00213894": "but you can see that all of these credit", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00955-00213896-00214063": "hours are credit hours that we didn't", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00956-00214064-00214246": "have before and germany is not the only", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00957-00214248-00214382": "language", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00958-00214383-00214542": "that has", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00959-00214544-00214727": "made the move online", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00960-00214728-00214919": "it's one of many languages some of these", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00961-00214919-00215110": "languages are only online in first and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00962-00215111-00215327": "second year right now spanish just", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00963-00215328-00215615": "became the second major so they took the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00964-00215616-00215839": "german model and copied that and have", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00965-00215840-00216039": "now launched the ba in spanish as well", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00966-00216040-00216303": "so that number will most likely go up", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00967-00216304-00216494": "and i think numbers are fine right but", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00968-00216496-00216623": "what do you do", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00969-00216623-00216815": "with the students and how do you hear if", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00970-00216816-00216991": "the students like it or if they master", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00971-00216992-00217246": "the things well like i said we have", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00972-00217248-00217358": "looked at", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00973-00217359-00217575": "their proficiency level and that works", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00974-00217576-00217782": "but i think the most convincing and also", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00975-00217783-00217967": "like for me was an email that i received", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00976-00217967-00218151": "from a student who's about to graduate", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00977-00218152-00218375": "three weeks from now and this is what he", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00978-00218376-00218615": "wrote that's a justin and i'm going to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00979-00218616-00221119": "leave you with that quote", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00980-00221119-00221198": "so", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00981-00221200-00221342": "so", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00982-00221344-00221575": "if we were to go back this year we will", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00983-00221576-00221879": "graduate our first three majors", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00984-00221880-00222023": "um and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00985-00222023-00222382": "three of those 140 now many of them", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00986-00222383-00222631": "will take more than four five or even", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00987-00222632-00222855": "six years to graduate because they can", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00988-00222856-00223103": "only take one class a year some of them", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00989-00223104-00223319": "will have to stop in between like i said", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00990-00223319-00223479": "we have a number of students in the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00991-00223480-00223775": "military some of them are not always", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00992-00223776-00223982": "able to take classes on a regular basis", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00993-00223983-00224151": "so that will fluctuate and that of", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00994-00224152-00224423": "course is a challenge but then again no", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00995-00224423-00224655": "challenge because we have understood and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00996-00224656-00224863": "also our administration has understood", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00997-00224864-00225134": "that certain statistics do not work", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00998-00225135-00225263": "online the way they would for", "E-ZQLELTWyE-00999-00225264-00225455": "face-to-face programs", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01000-00225456-00225679": "so that's one of the uh the valuable", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01001-00225680-00226023": "experience this that we had okay so this", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01002-00226023-00226398": "is where we are um and this is where i", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01003-00226400-00226606": "would like to turn the floor over to you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01004-00226607-00226839": "to see if you have any questions or", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01005-00226840-00227846": "concerns but thank you very much", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01006-00227848-00228094": "oh so i think you were first okay um", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01007-00228096-00228246": "yeah i have a", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01008-00228248-00228423": "question this was very interesting and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01009-00228423-00228671": "thank you because um i'm i work with", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01010-00228671-00228871": "native languages alaska native languages", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01011-00228871-00229110": "i don't know if your program has worked", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01012-00229111-00229294": "at all with any of the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01013-00229296-00229494": "native languages and we have two of our", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01014-00229496-00229679": "native language teachers with us this", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01015-00229680-00229839": "afternoon and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01016-00229840-00229982": "you know we in some ways we face", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01017-00229983-00230158": "different issues in some ways many of", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01018-00230159-00230367": "the same issues as other as foreign", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01019-00230367-00230542": "language teachers but one thing that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01020-00230544-00230767": "came up in your presentation that we", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01021-00230767-00231006": "face is the dialect question because we", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01022-00231007-00231127": "have people", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01023-00231128-00231246": "um", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01024-00231248-00231423": "you know students wanting to learn", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01025-00231423-00231615": "different uh dialects and of course", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01026-00231616-00231839": "german has many dialects and here i saw", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01027-00231840-00232031": "your teacher teaching an austrian", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01028-00232032-00232191": "dialect is", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01029-00232192-00232367": "and so i'm wondering how you deal with", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01030-00232367-00232671": "that um we embrace it and in fact when", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01031-00232671-00232951": "we hire i hire a diverse uh diverse", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01032-00232952-00233191": "instructor population so we have", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01033-00233192-00233431": "you know you saw the student or the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01034-00233432-00233606": "instructor who lived in austria we have", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01035-00233607-00233782": "someone who lived in switzerland i am a", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01036-00233783-00233934": "native german", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01037-00233935-00234198": "we have a couple of instructors who are", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01038-00234200-00234406": "from the czech republic and so you get", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01039-00234407-00234639": "that we we do not believe in like a", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01040-00234640-00234887": "standardized way of teaching you know", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01041-00234888-00235094": "but we have students actually that's", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01042-00235096-00235287": "what we do you know we say", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01043-00235288-00235471": "you get a number of different dialects", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01044-00235471-00235679": "and you have to deal with it exactly the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01045-00235680-00235894": "same way i don't know if that's the same", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01046-00235896-00236046": "you know it's probably a different issue", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01047-00236048-00236246": "for you because of of the things that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01048-00236248-00236534": "you deal with but uh we just put it out", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01049-00236535-00236751": "on the table and say that's the reality", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01050-00236752-00236958": "there is no standardized form of german", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01051-00236959-00237158": "and you have to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01052-00237159-00237423": "just go with it", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01053-00237423-00237823": "i don't know who was next to you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01054-00237823-00238103": "who's responsible for", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01055-00238104-00238263": "student recruitment", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01056-00238264-00238487": "do you guys handle that yourself as a", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01057-00238488-00238742": "department or does the university help", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01058-00238744-00238951": "and how do you let people know that you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01059-00238952-00239231": "have this great program online right", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01060-00239232-00239431": "it's similar to what we have what you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01061-00239432-00239615": "have here is elearning ours is called", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01062-00239616-00239855": "ecampus and we have a marketing", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01063-00239856-00240031": "department within that e-learning", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01064-00240032-00240142": "department", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01065-00240144-00240351": "they take care of that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01066-00240352-00240598": "so once a year i sit down with the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01067-00240600-00240846": "marketing department of ecampus and we", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01068-00240848-00241055": "think about the strategy for the coming", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01069-00241056-00241358": "year so i say i would like to have so", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01070-00241359-00241591": "and so many students", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01071-00241592-00241719": "and that's where i leave it you know", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01072-00241719-00241855": "because i don't know how to do anything", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01073-00241856-00242006": "else so i don't know how to place google", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01074-00242007-00242294": "ads and all of that that's what they do", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01075-00242296-00242463": "but i say that's what i want to do and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01076-00242464-00242630": "this is where i think", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01077-00242631-00242903": "it might be a good good good location to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01078-00242904-00243079": "recruit you know sometimes i have that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01079-00243080-00243294": "information like let's say a university", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01080-00243296-00243519": "closes down a german program i pick up", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01081-00243519-00243719": "my phone i call the marketing person and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01082-00243719-00243839": "they say hey", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01083-00243840-00244087": "you know don't you want to do an ad at", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01084-00244088-00244239": "the local radio station or something you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01085-00244240-00244398": "know so they do something like that but", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01086-00244400-00244687": "yes we don't handle any of that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01087-00244688-00244863": "yes please um", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01088-00244864-00245087": "so i'm wondering about structurally if", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01089-00245088-00245287": "you still have face-to-face classes is", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01090-00245288-00245542": "the major available face-to-face also or", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01091-00245544-00245815": "only online and do you duplicate classes", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01092-00245816-00246079": "or are some offered only online and some", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01093-00246080-00246351": "offered only face-to-face osu requires", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01094-00246352-00246655": "us to teach the same classes", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01095-00246656-00246919": "online and on campus so we cannot teach", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01096-00246919-00247127": "a program only online which kind of", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01097-00247128-00247263": "answers your question right yes so we", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01098-00247264-00247479": "have the same program", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01099-00247480-00247719": "on campus that we have online the same", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01100-00247719-00247934": "classes the same curriculum and students", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01101-00247935-00248094": "can actually jump in between so", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01102-00248096-00248327": "sometimes when a student has a conflict", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01103-00248328-00248534": "with another major or you know study", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01104-00248535-00248727": "abroad or whatever they can take the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01105-00248728-00248934": "class online and then they can move back", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01106-00248935-00249151": "into the face-to-face class because the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01107-00249152-00249351": "outcomes are exactly the same for each", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01108-00249352-00249598": "class so regardless of", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01109-00249600-00249879": "face-to-face or online we have exactly", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01110-00249880-00250094": "the same same learning outcomes for each", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01111-00250096-00250342": "course and of course for the the entire", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01112-00250344-00250551": "curriculum and yes everything is offered", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01113-00250552-00250682": "online and on", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01114-00250683-00250991": "campus yesterday sort of a follow-up you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01115-00250992-00251167": "said you started from a fairly small", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01116-00251167-00251406": "amount of minors or majors and then", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01117-00251407-00251591": "expanded the program and you're teaching", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01118-00251592-00251815": "them both online and in class", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01119-00251816-00252023": "did you phase in or alternate semesters", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01120-00252023-00252191": "when one would be available compared to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01121-00252192-00252382": "the other and did you wait till you had", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01122-00252383-00252598": "a whole program ready or just phase it", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01123-00252600-00252927": "in with select classes yeah so um the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01124-00252928-00253223": "first part of the question is uh did we", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01125-00253223-00253430": "no was that so let's start with the did", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01126-00253431-00253703": "we wait no we did not we started with a", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01127-00253704-00253934": "number of classes and we told students", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01128-00253935-00254142": "you know as you move up these classes", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01129-00254144-00254375": "will be available but right now they are", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01130-00254376-00254630": "not yet so we had a development plan", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01131-00254631-00254798": "that of course then we had to stick to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01132-00254800-00254998": "because students were starting to rely", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01133-00255000-00255191": "on these classes and they were already", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01134-00255192-00255463": "advertised as coming in let's say winter", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01135-00255464-00255671": "term spring term so they were planning", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01136-00255671-00255846": "with the advisor", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01137-00255848-00256134": "about these classes and but yeah", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01138-00256135-00256255": "and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01139-00256256-00256494": "did we alternate yes we did so even", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01140-00256496-00256767": "though the we found that there is a only", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01141-00256767-00257015": "a small danger of cannibalizing", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01142-00257016-00257294": "um in fact there's almost no as what we", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01143-00257296-00257471": "found out but yes we wanted to give", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01144-00257471-00257806": "students campus students the opportunity", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01145-00257807-00258039": "to maybe finish out their degree", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01146-00258040-00258271": "sooner than later by taking online", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01147-00258271-00258382": "classes", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01148-00258383-00258679": "and we have the same faculty so we are", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01149-00258680-00258998": "all teach online and on campus", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01150-00259000-00259663": "um so you know to us it's not a threat", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01151-00259664-00259887": "all the way in the back you mentioned um", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01152-00259888-00260110": "the game the time gate", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01153-00260111-00260287": "that the teacher has", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01154-00260288-00260482": "from my experience as", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01155-00260483-00260734": "incredible startup investment required", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01156-00260735-00260942": "which actually when you take the amount", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01157-00260944-00261191": "to get them all together", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01158-00261192-00261391": "i'm not gaining time i actually lose", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01159-00261392-00261591": "time and in other words i'm not paid for", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01160-00261592-00261855": "doing it so so my question is", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01161-00261856-00262079": "any statistics about um", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01162-00262080-00262279": "the engagement that a teacher needs for", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01163-00262280-00262567": "one class preparing it running it and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01164-00262568-00262791": "being employed on that specific class", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01165-00262792-00263039": "because one of the criticism is that we", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01166-00263040-00263239": "set up these digital classrooms and then", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01167-00263240-00263534": "we get basically hired out by", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01168-00263535-00263727": "teaching associates or something i mean", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01169-00263728-00263910": "what's your union doing about this do we", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01170-00263911-00264039": "have any numbers on this where you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01171-00264040-00264255": "really show the gain that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01172-00264256-00264471": "you can devote really to the student", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01173-00264472-00264719": "instead of", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01174-00264720-00264958": "getting bogged down by technology really", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01175-00264959-00265079": "right um", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01176-00265080-00265303": "so um i think a lot of the legwork needs", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01177-00265304-00265471": "to be done before you actually start the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01178-00265472-00265615": "class and you're right that you don't", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01179-00265616-00265887": "really gain any time overall", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01180-00265888-00266119": "and in the end for me personally it's", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01181-00266120-00266455": "about the same so teaching online hybrid", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01182-00266456-00266655": "or in the classroom it's about the same", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01183-00266656-00266927": "number of hours i devote to a class you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01184-00266928-00267151": "know to the teaching to the mentoring to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01185-00267152-00267334": "the advising to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01186-00267335-00267543": "the grading", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01187-00267544-00267719": "and of course to the prep work in the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01188-00267720-00268030": "beginning in an online class at osu i am", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01189-00268031-00268230": "forced to have everything ready before", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01190-00268231-00268439": "the term starts", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01191-00268440-00268671": "which means that i like i said before", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01192-00268672-00268910": "week one everything needs to be in place", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01193-00268911-00269110": "all of the teaching all of the documents", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01194-00269111-00269319": "all of the assessment and so on what i", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01195-00269320-00269599": "do throughout the term is", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01196-00269600-00269687": "i", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01197-00269688-00269999": "i grade i mentor", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01198-00270000-00270127": "i coach", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01199-00270128-00270375": "and i troubleshoot", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01200-00270376-00270487": "you know", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01201-00270488-00270687": "but you know some of these automatic", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01202-00270688-00270839": "quizzes or whatever they're done i don't", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01203-00270840-00270991": "need to do anything or i just have to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01204-00270992-00271119": "spot check", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01205-00271120-00271247": "and that's it", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01206-00271248-00271334": "um", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01207-00271335-00271430": "so", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01208-00271431-00271599": "and i get paid for the development of", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01209-00271600-00271823": "the class at osu", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01210-00271824-00271975": "all of the time that i put in in the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01211-00271976-00272175": "very beginning is not for nothing so", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01212-00272176-00272310": "essentially i get paid for the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01213-00272311-00272439": "development", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01214-00272440-00272582": "and then i teach it", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01215-00272583-00272719": "but i already got paid for the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01216-00272720-00272927": "development of a class do i get paid for", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01217-00272928-00273182": "the development of a class on campus no", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01218-00273183-00273415": "way so you know see to me this is", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01219-00273416-00273606": "already a gain because here i have a", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01220-00273607-00273791": "little bit more time and i have kind of", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01221-00273792-00274039": "doubled the salary right but of course i", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01222-00274040-00274399": "have to put in in the work beforehand", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01223-00274400-00274551": "and there was a second part to your", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01224-00274552-00274703": "question that i", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01225-00274704-00274863": "institutional", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01226-00274864-00275063": "unions", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01227-00275064-00275367": "faculty at osu are not unionized", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01228-00275368-00275791": "um so and um i think what um what was", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01229-00275792-00276015": "important for us as faculty was that we", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01230-00276016-00276230": "were not afraid of these you know these", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01231-00276231-00276463": "issues and after all we are the content", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01232-00276464-00276799": "experts so yes we might develop that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01233-00276800-00276991": "but we own the course it's not our", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01234-00276992-00277223": "ecampus who owns the course it's it's", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01235-00277224-00277495": "situated in languages and cultures no", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01236-00277496-00277703": "one has to it's just a delivery mode", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01237-00277704-00277910": "that is different you know so ecampus", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01238-00277911-00278079": "takes care of that and if a link is", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01239-00278080-00278351": "broken i i send an email to an", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01240-00278352-00278519": "instructional designer", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01241-00278520-00278719": "or a webmaster and say that link is", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01242-00278720-00278903": "broken fix it please and they fix it for", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01243-00278904-00279110": "me but if if something needs to be", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01244-00279111-00279367": "changed that's mine you know so no one", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01245-00279368-00279575": "else can touch that course it's always", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01246-00279576-00279679": "mine", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01247-00279680-00279910": "we as faculty as german faculty own our", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01248-00279911-00280110": "curriculum and no one else no one can", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01249-00280111-00280271": "make changes to to that and i think", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01250-00280272-00280463": "that's very important you know so the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01251-00280464-00280663": "integrity is still there we decide who", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01252-00280664-00280830": "teaches that class", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01253-00280831-00280999": "we decide who makes changes to that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01254-00281000-00281255": "class and we found that every three to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01255-00281256-00281471": "four years right now we have to revise", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01256-00281472-00281623": "that class too", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01257-00281624-00281839": "and that is something that someone", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01258-00281840-00281999": "coming in from the outside cannot do", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01259-00282000-00282158": "because you know we have the expertise", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01260-00282159-00282406": "we do the professional development so um", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01261-00282407-00282623": "you know we we don't really have", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01262-00282624-00283158": "like no fear basically of of this", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01263-00283159-00283367": "yes please so what does your workload", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01264-00283368-00283599": "look like how many classes", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01265-00283600-00283927": "does a typical", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01266-00283928-00284167": "professor instructor for you guys", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01267-00284168-00284351": "teach", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01268-00284352-00284719": "to face on right so um if uh", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01269-00284720-00285071": "in in a tenure track position it's uh", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01270-00285072-00285303": "our workload is a two to two and that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01271-00285304-00285543": "can be a combination of anything so can", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01272-00285544-00285679": "be", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01273-00285680-00285951": "one online one and on campus can be two", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01274-00285952-00286151": "online can be two on campus can be two", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01275-00286152-00286334": "hybrids so and you know any permutation", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01276-00286335-00286534": "of that is fine but it's it's a two to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01277-00286535-00286734": "two would be a standard workload an", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01278-00286735-00286895": "instructor would teach a four or four", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01279-00286896-00287119": "four you know for a full-time employment", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01280-00287120-00287295": "and same thing", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01281-00287296-00287527": "they can do it uh in you know in any", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01282-00287528-00287791": "order here so online on campus whatever", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01283-00287792-00288030": "we need is basically so we ask", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01284-00288031-00288127": "um", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01285-00288128-00288215": "our", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01286-00288216-00288399": "hires to be flexible you know the ones", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01287-00288400-00288639": "who are in corvallis they know that they", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01288-00288640-00288854": "can expect a certain amount of on-campus", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01289-00288855-00289103": "classes but also probably a number of", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01290-00289104-00289279": "online classes since this is where we", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01291-00289280-00289751": "are the strongest", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01292-00289752-00289895": "sebastian could you talk a little bit", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01293-00289896-00290054": "about the faculty discussions that you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01294-00290055-00290206": "had at the department level when you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01295-00290207-00290367": "were redesigning the curriculum and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01296-00290368-00290558": "trying to make sure that the outcomes", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01297-00290559-00290782": "match up and what those discussions were", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01298-00290783-00290919": "kind of like and how you came to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01299-00290920-00291063": "consensus", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01300-00291064-00291303": "the revision of our german curriculum", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01301-00291304-00291615": "after the first iteration of uh", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01302-00291616-00291775": "beginning when you were looking to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01303-00291776-00291958": "transfer the face to face absolutely", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01304-00291959-00292279": "online yes so yeah yeah um that's a nice", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01305-00292280-00292558": "little story because the uh you know i i", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01306-00292559-00292847": "joined osu in 2008 as an assistant", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01307-00292848-00292951": "professor", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01308-00292952-00293151": "and that was the moment when you know", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01309-00293152-00293423": "pretty quickly into my", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01310-00293424-00293534": "starting", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01311-00293535-00293887": "moment there we got the notice that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01312-00293888-00294054": "programs were in danger we had to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01313-00294055-00294358": "consolidate programs were being cut", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01314-00294359-00294519": "and one of the programs on the chopping", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01315-00294520-00294695": "block was you know german for", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01316-00294696-00294887": "underperforming", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01317-00294888-00295071": "at the same time we had this initiative", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01318-00295072-00295254": "going on that you know you could put", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01319-00295255-00295471": "your program online you could apply for", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01320-00295472-00295719": "funding and so i thought well maybe", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01321-00295720-00295887": "that's a good moment", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01322-00295888-00296127": "to see if", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01323-00296128-00296254": "i can save", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01324-00296255-00296551": "my position my job there i went in the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01325-00296552-00296727": "faculty meeting with the entire foreign", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01326-00296728-00296958": "language department and i asked if it", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01327-00296959-00297254": "was okay for german to pilot this", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01328-00297255-00297454": "program i said you know this and of", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01329-00297455-00297582": "course everyone told me yes you're", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01330-00297583-00297727": "stupid you know this is not going to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01331-00297728-00297991": "work uh you're going to fail miserably", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01332-00297992-00298463": "but yes feel free to try so um", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01333-00298464-00298639": "you saw a lot of the concerns that i put", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01334-00298640-00298823": "up uh at the front end here and these", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01335-00298824-00299030": "were were actually things that came up", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01336-00299031-00299215": "in these discussions but essentially no", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01337-00299216-00299423": "one was opposed to that because the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01338-00299424-00299671": "moment uh i think was critically enough", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01339-00299672-00299839": "that everyone said you know someone", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01340-00299840-00300047": "needs to do it or someone can do it it's", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01341-00300048-00300287": "not going to be us how about we let the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01342-00300288-00300527": "german do it and you know so here we go", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01343-00300528-00300863": "yes there was was a lot of uh skepticism", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01344-00300864-00300951": "on", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01345-00300952-00301295": "the side of faculty but in the end they", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01346-00301296-00301534": "were fine with someone piloting it", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01347-00301535-00301719": "now what we we're having right now is", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01348-00301720-00301799": "that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01349-00301800-00301975": "um the other languages are seeing the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01350-00301976-00302230": "success of german like i said spanish", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01351-00302231-00302415": "has now taken our model and is", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01352-00302416-00302575": "implementing it", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01353-00302576-00302758": "pretty much one to one for their spanish", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01354-00302759-00302854": "ba", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01355-00302855-00303143": "french is working on the the french ba", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01356-00303144-00303271": "right now and a couple of other", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01357-00303272-00303471": "languages are working on", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01358-00303472-00303654": "on miners or at least trying to put", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01359-00303655-00303734": "their", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01360-00303735-00303903": "first and second year language programs", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01361-00303904-00304030": "online and i don't know if this is what", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01362-00304031-00304206": "you were hoping for or looking for as", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01363-00304207-00304391": "the the answer or if you were thinking", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01364-00304392-00304591": "of something else well also too when", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01365-00304592-00304791": "you're talking about the the curriculum", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01366-00304792-00304951": "and the outcomes i assume you had to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01367-00304952-00305182": "have some discussions about how each of", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01368-00305183-00305382": "those classes for end the the overall", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01369-00305383-00305567": "program meets them when you're not able", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01370-00305568-00305710": "to do that lecture", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01371-00305711-00305919": "and so how did you come up with some of", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01372-00305920-00306134": "the ideas on how you deliver the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01373-00306135-00306399": "material at the beginning", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01374-00306400-00306543": "yeah so um", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01375-00306544-00306727": "once we figured out that we wanted to do", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01376-00306728-00306927": "that and we had the student outcomes you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01377-00306928-00307095": "know we figured out that some of the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01378-00307096-00307287": "things would not work in that classroom", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01379-00307288-00307447": "but what we did is we just sat down and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01380-00307448-00307654": "we talked so we made sure that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01381-00307655-00307910": "we uh we found different strategies or", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01382-00307911-00307982": "we", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01383-00307983-00308158": "we had", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01384-00308159-00308295": "we really sat around the table and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01385-00308296-00308463": "talked about you know what what could we", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01386-00308464-00308639": "do how could we approach things and then", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01387-00308640-00308823": "we split up the work", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01388-00308824-00309015": "more or less equally so you saw in a lot", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01389-00309016-00309151": "of these uh", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01390-00309152-00309351": "videos or instances that catherine one", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01391-00309352-00309551": "of our instructors", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01392-00309552-00309823": "was present she was the one who was put", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01393-00309824-00310023": "in charge of the first year program you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01394-00310024-00310158": "know some others worked on third and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01395-00310159-00310439": "fourth year so we divided it equally but", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01396-00310440-00310695": "it was always an open discussion and we", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01397-00310696-00310927": "made sure that everyone knew that we had", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01398-00310928-00311191": "to have the outcomes so we have an", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01399-00311192-00311487": "outcome-based curriculum the path there", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01400-00311488-00311599": "there was", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01401-00311600-00311767": "it was pretty much open to anyone so", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01402-00311768-00312015": "there's a lot of faculty flexibility we", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01403-00312016-00312254": "are not put into like one of these very", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01404-00312255-00312479": "rigid models we just look at the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01405-00312480-00312639": "outcomes so if someone said i really", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01406-00312640-00312815": "want to teach this in this", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01407-00312816-00312991": "then we said go ahead and teach this and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01408-00312992-00313191": "this as long as you accomplish the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01409-00313192-00313454": "learning outcomes that we all agreed on", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01410-00313455-00313639": "so we still have the freedom to do", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01411-00313640-00313791": "whatever we want and that's also", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01412-00313792-00313999": "important when i teach a german lit", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01413-00314000-00314215": "course and i really want to teach", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01414-00314216-00314471": "different literature than my colleague", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01415-00314472-00314695": "i can do so of course i will have to you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01416-00314696-00314871": "know develop that class this way if i", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01417-00314872-00315079": "don't want to take his reading list", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01418-00315080-00315271": "but i can if i want to and no one is", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01419-00315272-00315479": "going to stop me because again the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01420-00315480-00315758": "outcomes", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01421-00315759-00315958": "given that you observed student gains", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01422-00315959-00316143": "and hybrid over face-to-face and that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01423-00316144-00316310": "that's kind of a natural path towards", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01424-00316311-00316527": "looking at what to do online what does a", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01425-00316528-00316751": "hybrid class look like at osu since that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01426-00316752-00316943": "can mean many things", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01427-00316944-00317023": "yes", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01428-00317024-00317343": "hybrid class at osu means that instead", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01429-00317344-00317503": "of let's say for a three credit class", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01430-00317504-00317703": "that would mean three hours three", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01431-00317704-00317943": "contact hours per week in the classroom", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01432-00317944-00318110": "a hybrid class", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01433-00318111-00318223": "puts that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01434-00318224-00318519": "at half of the time so when i teach a", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01435-00318520-00318703": "hybrid class a three created hybrid", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01436-00318704-00318943": "class i meet with my students once a", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01437-00318944-00319158": "week for 80 minutes", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01438-00319159-00319319": "and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01439-00319320-00319615": "i um in these 80 minutes", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01440-00319616-00319775": "we do things", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01441-00319776-00319887": "so", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01442-00319888-00320151": "i am kind of the coach in the classroom", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01443-00320152-00320463": "my students study on their own using", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01444-00320464-00320647": "that flipped classroom model you know so", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01445-00320648-00320879": "some of the things you you saw let me", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01446-00320880-00321054": "just give you an example of a film class", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01447-00321055-00321239": "that i teach my students watch the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01448-00321240-00321463": "movies at home they do readings at home", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01449-00321464-00321791": "they collaborate at home um on certain", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01450-00321792-00321943": "things and then we come back to the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01451-00321944-00322182": "classroom and we apply the things they", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01452-00322183-00322423": "learned by doing hands-on things so they", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01453-00322424-00322591": "learned about special effects in the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01454-00322592-00322871": "classroom we practiced special effects", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01455-00322872-00323175": "they built uh backdrops of legos", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01456-00323176-00323463": "and uh they learned how to how a fritz", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01457-00323464-00323687": "lang in metropolis in 1927 did his", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01458-00323688-00323903": "special effects with mirrors and legos", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01459-00323904-00324158": "and uh their cell phones so that's what", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01460-00324159-00324358": "it would look like at osu you know half", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01461-00324359-00324871": "the the meeting time and the rest online", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01462-00324872-00325054": "do you have some uh", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01463-00325055-00325263": "like national tests at the end like the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01464-00325264-00325510": "taking the opi that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01465-00325511-00325775": "that they take you have them take in", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01466-00325776-00325871": "both", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01467-00325872-00326071": "right now we're in the process of uh", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01468-00326072-00326303": "implementing the guruta tests uh the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01469-00326304-00326615": "a1a2 for the common european framework", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01470-00326616-00326782": "that is something we have not in place", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01471-00326783-00326951": "yet but that we're rolling out right now", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01472-00326952-00327110": "we're in the process of revising the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01473-00327111-00327399": "curriculum based on student input again", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01474-00327400-00327575": "and one of the things that came up was", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01475-00327576-00327751": "the student feedback saying you know", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01476-00327752-00327975": "it's all nice having that degree but i", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01477-00327976-00328127": "think it would also be nice to have", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01478-00328128-00328327": "exactly that and so that's why we're", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01479-00328328-00328478": "bringing in these", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01480-00328479-00328758": "tests right now at the end of each year", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01481-00328759-00328951": "that they can then take to a prospective", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01482-00328952-00329134": "employer for example and say here is my", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01483-00329135-00329463": "certification i am b2", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01484-00329464-00329687": "and you know of course the company knows", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01485-00329688-00329878": "exactly what that means", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01486-00329879-00330263": "yeah so that's coming right now", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01487-00330264-00330527": "yes how do you facilitate your student", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01488-00330528-00330815": "feedback how do we facilitate that how", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01489-00330816-00330975": "does that happen", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01490-00330976-00331054": "um", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01491-00331055-00331327": "well it's it's um we have i mean things", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01492-00331328-00331567": "like discussion boards informal also", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01493-00331568-00331758": "formally with the student evaluations of", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01494-00331759-00331919": "teaching where we add additional", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01495-00331920-00332151": "questions so they can remain anonymous", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01496-00332152-00332478": "we have also done um", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01497-00332479-00332606": "like questionnaires you know like", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01498-00332607-00332878": "surveymonkey or things that had to go", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01499-00332879-00333039": "through the irb", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01500-00333040-00333358": "um process uh at oregon state but it's", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01501-00333359-00333582": "like a number of different things you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01502-00333583-00333799": "know formal and informal conversations", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01503-00333800-00334039": "with the students yeah and we always", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01504-00334040-00334254": "tell them that we're open to anything so", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01505-00334255-00334423": "those students who don't want to who", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01506-00334424-00334630": "want to remain anonymous they use like", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01507-00334631-00334799": "the survey monkey for example as a", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01508-00334800-00335023": "platform to voice their concerns and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01509-00335024-00335158": "there then there are always students", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01510-00335159-00335358": "like you know justin who that was an", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01511-00335359-00335606": "unsolicited email he just sent an email", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01512-00335607-00335823": "basically saying thank you i had a great", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01513-00335824-00336095": "experience i want to share with a lot of", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01514-00336096-00336319": "people that this was wonderful and that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01515-00336320-00336854": "you know online learning really works", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01516-00336855-00337087": "yes i think you really showed us all the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01517-00337088-00337247": "advantages and you really sugar coated", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01518-00337248-00337415": "it in a very nice way i'm wondering", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01519-00337416-00337630": "about you know having taught and myself", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01520-00337631-00337775": "there are many ugly there can be ugly", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01521-00337776-00337934": "situations in teaching", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01522-00337935-00338158": "let's say great disputes did you also a", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01523-00338159-00338382": "great dispute you know where people say", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01524-00338383-00338534": "my computer was breaking down my", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01525-00338535-00338758": "macintosh didn't deal with the pc", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01526-00338759-00338919": "like i mean one of the ugly parts that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01527-00338920-00339143": "that you want to share with us because", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01528-00339144-00339287": "again great disputes that gives me an", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01529-00339288-00339439": "example for this because if you really", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01530-00339440-00339639": "really come to a lawsuit or to some", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01531-00339640-00339895": "really legal type of situations is that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01532-00339896-00340078": "model robust enough and backed up that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01533-00340079-00340230": "it really can hold up and defend the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01534-00340231-00340367": "grades", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01535-00340368-00340551": "yeah and i think that's that's wonderful", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01536-00340552-00340703": "that you're bringing this up because of", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01537-00340704-00340863": "course i'm sugar coating it here right", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01538-00340864-00341039": "you know all of the the nice things that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01539-00341040-00341278": "work and how wonderful it can be", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01540-00341279-00341510": "but the really dirty stuff i did not did", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01541-00341511-00341710": "not tell you know so the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01542-00341711-00341927": "the many problems it's like of course", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01543-00341928-00342095": "it's a day-to-day struggle you know like", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01544-00342096-00342295": "in the face-to-face classroom there are", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01545-00342296-00342575": "so many things that come up all the time", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01546-00342576-00342727": "the students saying you know my computer", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01547-00342728-00343006": "didn't work like sure well do it again", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01548-00343007-00343175": "you know so of course you can you have", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01549-00343176-00343382": "to accommodate students you have to work", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01550-00343383-00343454": "with", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01551-00343455-00343647": "we have to work with our ecampus folks", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01552-00343648-00343934": "who can track the log in you know to say", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01553-00343935-00344158": "yes but that student logged on you know", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01554-00344159-00344478": "or that student had another window open", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01555-00344479-00344558": "or", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01556-00344559-00344767": "you know there seems to be something odd", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01557-00344768-00345087": "because uh the tests do not match with", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01558-00345088-00345158": "the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01559-00345159-00345367": "the or the proctor tests do not match", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01560-00345368-00345534": "with the homework assignments and so on", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01561-00345535-00345654": "and so forth", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01562-00345655-00345887": "so um yes you always have to be very", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01563-00345888-00346087": "very flexible and you also have to work", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01564-00346088-00346367": "with the student and uh the ecampus", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01565-00346368-00346639": "people to make sure that things are uh", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01566-00346640-00346751": "you know", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01567-00346752-00346903": "that they work in a way but yeah things", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01568-00346904-00347151": "go wrong every every single day you know", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01569-00347152-00347334": "so um", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01570-00347335-00347447": "i think there would be way too many", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01571-00347448-00347615": "things to tell you right now but like i", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01572-00347616-00347823": "said whatever you think can go wrong", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01573-00347824-00348047": "will go wrong at some point and that's", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01574-00348048-00348254": "just the fact of online learning yes it", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01575-00348255-00348423": "will never be perfect", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01576-00348424-00348606": "the same way that uh face-to-face", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01577-00348607-00348830": "learning will never be perfect i think", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01578-00348831-00348975": "it's actually great for teachers where", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01579-00348976-00349134": "to be challenged that way and i like it", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01580-00349135-00349254": "a lot and to be challenged with", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01581-00349255-00349510": "technology and being fluent myself", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01582-00349511-00349663": "on the media issues often the students", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01583-00349664-00349887": "know the media much better than i do", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01584-00349888-00350071": "but what i'm lacking there the system is", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01585-00350072-00350334": "is some sort of resilience or or backup", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01586-00350335-00350591": "or support or understanding that when", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01587-00350592-00350751": "you have such a class online it probably", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01588-00350752-00351015": "takes one or two years uh where things", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01589-00351016-00351143": "will not go really well and then after", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01590-00351144-00351263": "the third or fourth year it might go", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01591-00351264-00351430": "well you know i mean i mean that that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01592-00351431-00351663": "play play time that that buffer that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01593-00351664-00351903": "robustness yes in the evaluation as a", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01594-00351904-00352095": "faculty member i'm lacking that and i", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01595-00352096-00352303": "think that's where eventually we all", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01596-00352304-00352478": "like the resources really to switch and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01597-00352479-00352734": "to to experiment um and i don't know how", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01598-00352735-00352878": "you handle this experimentation i mean", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01599-00352879-00353071": "if either works or doesn't swim or think", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01600-00353072-00353447": "right but many people cannot do it", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01601-00353448-00353695": "and we at osu have the opportunity to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01602-00353696-00353951": "fail and i say failure so in here i say", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01603-00353952-00354134": "failure because we do", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01604-00354135-00354358": "many of these courses that i talked", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01605-00354359-00354582": "about did not work the first time", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01606-00354583-00354743": "something even worked the second time", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01607-00354744-00355039": "you know so but we have the opportunity", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01608-00355040-00355382": "uh to fail and to redo so", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01609-00355383-00355527": "a number of these courses like i said", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01610-00355528-00355678": "didn't work and i went back and said you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01611-00355679-00355854": "know the course didn't work i need to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01612-00355855-00356087": "redevelop that course in order to do", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01613-00356088-00356295": "that i need the money again because i", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01614-00356296-00356495": "cannot do it on top i will again have to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01615-00356496-00356695": "invest 200 hours", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01616-00356696-00356967": "to redo the the course completely based", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01617-00356968-00357254": "on student feedback and based on", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01618-00357255-00357510": "my experience with that class right now", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01619-00357511-00357830": "and and that is an opportunity that osu", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01620-00357831-00358158": "and osue campus has given us as faculty", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01621-00358159-00358351": "and that i think is one of the the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01622-00358352-00358606": "components why we are successful because", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01623-00358607-00358854": "we have that mentality right now and the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01624-00358855-00359087": "chance to fail you know so it's the uh", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01625-00359088-00359391": "the chance to to experiment to say let's", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01626-00359392-00359630": "just try it and let's see what happens", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01627-00359631-00359830": "and if it doesn't work we're gonna try", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01628-00359831-00360039": "it again and if it doesn't work we're", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01629-00360040-00360182": "gonna try it again you know and we", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01630-00360183-00360406": "change it again and again and again", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01631-00360407-00360615": "until we get it right of course we won't", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01632-00360616-00360767": "be able to do that for six or seven", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01633-00360768-00361054": "years you know at some point uh even our", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01634-00361055-00361206": "administration will say you know what", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01635-00361207-00361423": "you've tried six or seven times how", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01636-00361424-00361582": "about you get it right at some point you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01637-00361583-00361767": "know or do some research", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01638-00361768-00361967": "but if you fail and if you can show from", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01639-00361968-00362158": "the student feedback and from your own", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01640-00362159-00362399": "experience how you're changing", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01641-00362400-00362575": "you apply for funding and you get the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01642-00362576-00362775": "funding and you get to redo it again but", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01643-00362776-00362934": "you're absolutely right without that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01644-00362935-00363167": "support it is not possible and i say", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01645-00363168-00363319": "it's not possible", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01646-00363320-00363663": "um because um you know no one can expect", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01647-00363664-00363887": "you as faculty member to do that work", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01648-00363888-00364158": "for free it is a lot of work and there", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01649-00364159-00364343": "is a substantial investment and the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01650-00364344-00364534": "university has to invest in that and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01651-00364535-00364791": "this is why it has worked for us because", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01652-00364792-00365030": "our university has invested a lot of", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01653-00365031-00365119": "money", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01654-00365120-00365406": "so to give you a number this degree in", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01655-00365407-00365758": "his first iteration the german degree um", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01656-00365759-00365991": "cost the university a quarter million", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01657-00365992-00366087": "dollars", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01658-00366088-00366263": "without getting anything out of that so", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01659-00366264-00366430": "there was an upfront investment they had", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01660-00366431-00366663": "to make and now of course we're revising", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01661-00366664-00366871": "so they're adding on the money you know", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01662-00366872-00367143": "but um at the at the tail end here you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01663-00367144-00367319": "know there there is some", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01664-00367320-00367519": "um i guess some benefit you know some", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01665-00367520-00367695": "student credit hours things that the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01666-00367696-00367887": "students uh the the university got out", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01667-00367888-00368063": "of it", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01668-00368064-00368263": "yes when you mention the quarter million", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01669-00368264-00368478": "is that like actual dollars paid out or", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01670-00368479-00368695": "is that in work release time or in your", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01671-00368696-00368895": "your development contracts or what what", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01672-00368896-00369023": "is that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01673-00369024-00369367": "that was money paid out for um so we", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01674-00369368-00369639": "could see ecampus does not do any uh", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01675-00369640-00369815": "does not hire anyone so that was money", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01676-00369816-00370063": "paid out to the department", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01677-00370064-00370334": "to pay for the development and to pay", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01678-00370335-00370751": "for uh for the teaching of these classes", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01679-00370752-00370927": "so the um", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01680-00370928-00371143": "the each development was paid with a", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01681-00371144-00371406": "certain dollar amount and uh the the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01682-00371407-00371791": "work that i did as a faculty lead", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01683-00371792-00371951": "was paid because all of that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01684-00371952-00372095": "coordination worked they're making sure", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01685-00372096-00372287": "that all of the faculty developers", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01686-00372288-00372487": "stayed on track the talking to our", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01687-00372488-00372687": "ecampus you know the making sure that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01688-00372688-00372871": "things were in place and could be rolled", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01689-00372872-00373095": "out all of that was yeah was paid for", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01690-00373096-00373223": "but it wasn't", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01691-00373224-00373375": "or was that like", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01692-00373376-00373551": "that was release time out of your", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01693-00373552-00373767": "workload so either way we have the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01694-00373768-00373975": "option of doing it either way i took it", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01695-00373976-00374223": "in load because uh you know i have no", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01696-00374224-00374382": "time to give any more so there are no", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01697-00374383-00374567": "more hours in my day so i said i would", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01698-00374568-00374767": "like to have it in load and there was", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01699-00374768-00375030": "never a discussion about that yes always", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01700-00375031-00375278": "whatever we wanted to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01701-00375279-00375558": "i my biggest fear is um thank you by the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01702-00375559-00375934": "way um this is kind of um uh", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01703-00375935-00376110": "an awakening i'm not going to tell you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01704-00376111-00376319": "what kind", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01705-00376320-00376471": "but um", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01706-00376472-00376591": "but", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01707-00376592-00376743": "my fear is", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01708-00376744-00376951": "i'm the only faculty", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01709-00376952-00377119": "and um", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01710-00377120-00377343": "and for me for someone to or you know", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01711-00377344-00377502": "the higher up to say well you're going", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01712-00377503-00377775": "to do e-learning and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01713-00377776-00378006": "that's where i start biting nails", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01714-00378007-00378247": "because how can i create a bachelor's", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01715-00378248-00378447": "degree", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01716-00378448-00378606": "by myself", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01717-00378607-00378743": "um", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01718-00378744-00379006": "and teaching at the same time", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01719-00379007-00379271": "you know i don't know if you have any um", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01720-00379272-00379495": "issues like this that have come up in", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01721-00379496-00379727": "in your experience with other uh with", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01722-00379728-00380087": "other uh teachers uh but that's where i", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01723-00380088-00380351": "that was just one", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01724-00380352-00380710": "reality kind of a question yes", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01725-00380711-00380975": "so that was exactly my situation the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01726-00380976-00381127": "instructors and my colleague came on", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01727-00381128-00381319": "board afterwards i didn't have these", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01728-00381320-00381534": "colleagues before the they are a result", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01729-00381535-00381799": "of that program going online and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01730-00381800-00382023": "developing before we had a traditional", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01731-00382024-00382247": "program program on campus i had a senior", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01732-00382248-00382478": "colleague who resisted everything and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01733-00382479-00382702": "anything that i proposed and the two", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01734-00382703-00382910": "instructors who taught full-time for us", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01735-00382911-00383119": "were instructors that he had hired so", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01736-00383120-00383223": "they were", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01737-00383224-00383487": "in his uh you know in his uh", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01738-00383488-00383758": "um yeah on his side", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01739-00383759-00384015": "but i did it myself so it takes a lot of", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01740-00384016-00384119": "work", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01741-00384120-00384254": "um", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01742-00384255-00384399": "in the beginning but i think it can be", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01743-00384400-00384510": "done you know you just have to be", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01744-00384511-00384615": "convinced", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01745-00384616-00384878": "and uh you have to be ready to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01746-00384879-00385095": "you know to to to embark on that also to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01747-00385096-00385343": "accept failure and you know and find", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01748-00385344-00385567": "allies maybe not", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01749-00385568-00385743": "within your faculty but on the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01750-00385744-00385902": "administrative side or the e-learning", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01751-00385903-00386127": "site i think there's a lot of support", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01752-00386128-00386295": "if you are willing and maybe not an", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01753-00386296-00386478": "entire curriculum right away but maybe a", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01754-00386479-00386734": "couple of courses to show that yes it", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01755-00386735-00386919": "can be done you know develop these", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01756-00386920-00387127": "courses", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01757-00387128-00387351": "maybe they are successful find ways to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01758-00387352-00387534": "make them successful and then take it", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01759-00387535-00387678": "from there", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01760-00387679-00387806": "you will find the allies but that's", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01761-00387807-00388030": "exactly what my situation was like yeah", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01762-00388031-00388182": "one person", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01763-00388183-00388551": "no friends", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01764-00388552-00388847": "is there a way we could see a lesson or", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01765-00388848-00389095": "a little trailer kind of thing that's", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01766-00389096-00389295": "the actual lesson going on rather than", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01767-00389296-00389487": "talking about though i'm talking about", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01768-00389488-00389839": "what what it would look like besides the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01769-00389840-00390047": "woman showing the book and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01770-00390048-00390263": "right so you know in the weekly folder i", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01771-00390264-00390423": "mean i can only tell you right now i", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01772-00390424-00390599": "don't have access to any of the courses", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01773-00390600-00390815": "right now because i'm not an instructor", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01774-00390816-00391047": "of record on any of these courses", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01775-00391048-00391295": "but in each folder you would get", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01776-00391296-00391471": "whatever the instructor this or the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01777-00391472-00391791": "developer decided was going to be taught", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01778-00391792-00392015": "so it's going to be a list of things", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01779-00392016-00392271": "that the student has to complete each", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01780-00392272-00392463": "week so it might be", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01781-00392464-00392678": "you know number one click on this the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01782-00392679-00392878": "video comes up catherine says okay you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01783-00392879-00393119": "know we are going to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01784-00393120-00393271": "learn about", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01785-00393272-00393678": "uh verb forms in german so here's a link", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01786-00393679-00393806": "to the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01787-00393807-00393967": "the video the flipped classroom the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01788-00393968-00394167": "hammer grammar watch that video and then", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01789-00394168-00394302": "come back and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01790-00394303-00394582": "go to your book and do this exercise go", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01791-00394583-00394815": "to the workbook do this exercise send it", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01792-00394816-00395054": "back to us here's a little quiz so you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01793-00395055-00395287": "can test and see if what you do if", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01794-00395288-00395478": "you're what you did was right", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01795-00395479-00395863": "then uh go find a partner appear in", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01796-00395864-00396151": "among the group of students here get", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01797-00396152-00396271": "together with", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01798-00396272-00396495": "that peer and you know come up with a", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01799-00396496-00396687": "short conversation so things that we", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01800-00396688-00396839": "would do in like a face-to-face", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01801-00396840-00397167": "classroom too is what we are replicating", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01802-00397168-00397319": "to some extent", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01803-00397320-00397575": "uh you know transferring over and never", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01804-00397576-00397743": "one to one because that's not possible", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01805-00397744-00397910": "but we're finding ways to do the things", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01806-00397911-00398223": "that we do in the classroom online", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01807-00398224-00398367": "you know and with these deadlines with", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01808-00398368-00398527": "the two deadlines saying", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01809-00398528-00398702": "by wednesday and then you can work with", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01810-00398703-00398919": "that for the second half of the week", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01811-00398920-00399063": "as an instructor", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01812-00399064-00399199": "yeah and i wish i could you know i'm", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01813-00399200-00399382": "sorry but yeah i only taught a hybrid", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01814-00399383-00399567": "course last year or this term so i don't", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01815-00399568-00399782": "have access to any of the others sorry", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01816-00399783-00399951": "it would be great to have you know even", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01817-00399952-00400175": "a youtube that would you could", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01818-00400176-00400351": "look at yeah it doesn't really work this", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01819-00400352-00400487": "way you know with the youtube because", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01820-00400488-00400702": "it's uh you open up the week that folder", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01821-00400703-00400910": "in right now also in canvas and you get", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01822-00400911-00401119": "all of these things that a student needs", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01823-00401120-00401263": "to complete", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01824-00401264-00401415": "you know so it's like when you put", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01825-00401416-00401558": "something on", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01826-00401559-00401767": "blackboard or whatever you know right in", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01827-00401768-00401958": "here yes i would suggest that there are", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01828-00401959-00402151": "a lot of open online learning classes", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01829-00402152-00402319": "for language that you could look at to", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01830-00402320-00402510": "see pretty much the same kinds of things", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01831-00402511-00402654": "you would see if you went behind the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01832-00402655-00402910": "curtains with sebastian's class", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01833-00402911-00403063": "so you can see the kinds of varieties of", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01834-00403064-00403206": "assignments and activities and what", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01835-00403207-00403391": "students are doing there are many open", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01836-00403392-00403582": "examples out there", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01837-00403583-00403734": "google can help or", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01838-00403735-00403847": "e-learning", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01839-00403848-00403991": "instructional designers or staff we're", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01840-00403992-00404143": "happy to help you find more", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01841-00404144-00404375": "examples too", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01842-00404376-00405030": "thank you", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01843-00405031-00405334": "i just wanted to share i've been adding", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01844-00405335-00405575": "a special ed course in my master's", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01845-00405576-00405823": "program each semester and working with", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01846-00405824-00405982": "course designers through e-learning and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01847-00405983-00406095": "it's been a", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01848-00406096-00406351": "really wonderful process and it's", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01849-00406352-00406599": "getting faster and faster and each time", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01850-00406600-00406791": "i add a new little twist to see how that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01851-00406792-00406991": "will work with the students and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01852-00406992-00407175": "students have given really good feedback", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01853-00407176-00407439": "to know what works but i also i think", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01854-00407440-00407639": "what you said you have to have that face", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01855-00407640-00407830": "time and so i have", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01856-00407831-00408006": "two to five meetings depending on the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01857-00408007-00408351": "class with the students so we can we can", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01858-00408352-00408630": "visit and chat but it's been really a", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01859-00408631-00408830": "rich experience and the students are", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01860-00408831-00408943": "saying", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01861-00408944-00409127": "they're getting just as much if not more", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01862-00409128-00409254": "from the online", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01863-00409255-00409391": "class", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01864-00409392-00409543": "i'm glad you're sharing this because it", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01865-00409544-00409710": "actually shows that it really works and", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01866-00409712-00409870": "that it's not just the languages or not", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01867-00409871-00410039": "just us but it's just a matter of how", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01868-00410039-00410287": "you design the course that i believe it", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01869-00410288-00410470": "can work in pretty much any environment", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01870-00410471-00410710": "and for any subject it's just a matter", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01871-00410712-00410895": "of how you and you know how you do", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01872-00410896-00411039": "things and what you do", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01873-00411039-00411222": "in these environments and you know", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01874-00411223-00411439": "obviously the still that face-to-face", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01875-00411439-00411559": "time with the student you know one of", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01876-00411560-00411695": "the worries that i listed in the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01877-00411696-00411926": "beginning it's crucial that our students", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01878-00411927-00412126": "know who we are and that they still get", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01879-00412127-00412199": "the", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01880-00412200-00412366": "the synchronous contact with us that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01881-00412367-00412534": "they can still communicate with us that", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01882-00412535-00412782": "they know who we are not only through", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01883-00412783-00412974": "the screen and through a time lag but", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01884-00412975-00413110": "also live", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01885-00413112-00413263": "and yes sometimes it means that i have", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01886-00413264-00413447": "to skype with a student at 2am because", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01887-00413447-00413663": "that student is somewhere in you know in", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01888-00413664-00413887": "europe not all the time but it happens", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01889-00413888-00414030": "sometimes you know when there's really a", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01890-00414031-00414222": "problem well you know yes", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01891-00414223-00414895": "i guess i can do it once a term or so", "E-ZQLELTWyE-01892-00414896-00415331": "great all right thank you very much"}}, {"audio_id": "E_9AHf69KqU", "text": {"E_9AHf69KqU-00000-00000037-00000239": "when I think about Black History Month", "E_9AHf69KqU-00001-00000240-00000492": "for me it's not about just historical", "E_9AHf69KqU-00002-00000493-00000684": "figures that you read about all the time", "E_9AHf69KqU-00003-00000685-00001002": "personally my father was one of the", "E_9AHf69KqU-00004-00001002-00001356": "Montford Point Marines that were the", "E_9AHf69KqU-00005-00001357-00001607": "first black units to be deployed", "E_9AHf69KqU-00006-00001609-00001866": "overseas during World War II and with", "E_9AHf69KqU-00007-00001867-00002232": "that he actually received in 2012 the", "E_9AHf69KqU-00008-00002233-00002448": "Congressional gold medal and it was", "E_9AHf69KqU-00009-00002449-00002748": "presented by Barack Obama so we're very", "E_9AHf69KqU-00010-00002749-00002904": "proud of that and it makes it special", "E_9AHf69KqU-00011-00002905-00003002": "this month", "E_9AHf69KqU-00012-00003003-00003465": "[Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "E_hcMurbXL0", "text": {"E_hcMurbXL0-00000-00000027-00000161": "[Music]", "E_hcMurbXL0-00001-00000162-00000378": "foreign", "E_hcMurbXL0-00002-00000379-00002963": "[Music]", "E_hcMurbXL0-00003-00002964-00005741": "uh foreign", "E_hcMurbXL0-00004-00005742-00006463": "machine", "E_hcMurbXL0-00005-00006464-00012475": "[Music]", "E_hcMurbXL0-00006-00012476-00013099": "[Music]", "E_hcMurbXL0-00007-00013100-00022962": "foreign agome", "E_hcMurbXL0-00008-00022963-00023283": "[Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "E_nZYI-SBwM", "text": {"E_nZYI-SBwM-00000-00001132-00001519": "[Music]", "E_nZYI-SBwM-00001-00001520-00001810": "dad you're here it's good to see you man", "E_nZYI-SBwM-00002-00001811-00001976": "haven't seen you in hours", "E_nZYI-SBwM-00003-00001977-00002727": "good night", "E_nZYI-SBwM-00004-00002728-00004693": "give me a minute", "E_nZYI-SBwM-00005-00004694-00004990": "hello and better prepared", "E_nZYI-SBwM-00006-00004991-00005921": "[Music]", "E_nZYI-SBwM-00007-00005922-00008566": "[Music]", "E_nZYI-SBwM-00008-00008567-00009361": "[Music]", "E_nZYI-SBwM-00009-00009362-00009957": "Hey", "E_nZYI-SBwM-00010-00009958-00010152": "[Applause]", "E_nZYI-SBwM-00011-00010153-00010727": "[Music]", "E_nZYI-SBwM-00012-00010728-00011027": "happy birthday dear", "E_nZYI-SBwM-00013-00011028-00011173": "[Applause]", "E_nZYI-SBwM-00014-00011174-00011802": "[Music]", "E_nZYI-SBwM-00015-00011803-00012405": "[Applause]", "E_nZYI-SBwM-00016-00012406-00013628": "[Music]", "E_nZYI-SBwM-00017-00013629-00013794": "[Music]", "E_nZYI-SBwM-00018-00013795-00014103": "three guys don't if you win at baseball", "E_nZYI-SBwM-00019-00014104-00015390": "[Music]", "E_nZYI-SBwM-00020-00015391-00016427": "[Music]", "E_nZYI-SBwM-00021-00016428-00016896": "[Music]", "E_nZYI-SBwM-00022-00016897-00017435": "[Laughter]", "E_nZYI-SBwM-00023-00017436-00017611": "yeah", "E_nZYI-SBwM-00024-00017612-00019464": "I love it how I could barely make it", "E_nZYI-SBwM-00025-00019465-00019788": "through here", "E_nZYI-SBwM-00026-00019789-00020563": "[Music]", "E_nZYI-SBwM-00027-00020564-00021060": "conversations continue", "E_nZYI-SBwM-00028-00021061-00023989": "[Laughter]", "E_nZYI-SBwM-00029-00023990-00025902": "time time time hello hello okay you can", "E_nZYI-SBwM-00030-00025902-00026044": "touch this", "E_nZYI-SBwM-00031-00026045-00026463": "hey guys how was your night"}}, {"audio_id": "E_t-hWyx1oU", "text": {"E_t-hWyx1oU-00000-00000624-00000734": "okay welcome back everyone it's", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00001-00000735-00000911": "thecube's coverage here live in new york", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00002-00000911-00001158": "city for aws summit 2022 i'm john", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00003-00001159-00001319": "furrier host of thecube got a great", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00004-00001320-00001535": "conversation here as the day winds down", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00005-00001536-00001734": "first of all 10 000 plus people this is", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00006-00001735-00001910": "a big event just new york city so", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00007-00001911-00002110": "signing the times that some headwinds", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00008-00002111-00002279": "are happening i don't think so not in", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00009-00002280-00002415": "the not in the cloud enterprise", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00010-00002416-00002607": "innovation game a lot going on this", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00011-00002608-00002767": "innovation conversation we're gonna have", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00012-00002768-00003007": "now is about kind of the confluence of", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00013-00003008-00003231": "cloud scale integration data and the", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00014-00003232-00003335": "future", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00015-00003336-00003535": "of how fintech and other markets are", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00016-00003536-00003679": "going to change with technology we got", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00017-00003679-00003895": "chris thomas the cto slalom and rob", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00018-00003896-00004127": "krugman chief digital officer at broad", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00019-00004128-00004303": "ridge gentlemen thanks for coming on", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00020-00004304-00004495": "thecube thanks for having us so we're", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00021-00004496-00004654": "talking before we came on camera about", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00022-00004655-00004831": "your firm uh what you guys do take a", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00023-00004832-00004983": "quick minute to just give the scope and", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00024-00004984-00005175": "size of your firm and what you guys work", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00025-00005176-00005431": "on yeah so broadridge is a global", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00026-00005432-00005663": "financial fintech company uh we", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00027-00005664-00005870": "work on part of our business is capital", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00028-00005871-00006022": "markets and wealth and that's about a", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00029-00006023-00006206": "third of our business about seven", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00030-00006207-00006334": "trillion dollars a day clearing through", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00031-00006335-00006503": "our platforms and then the other side of", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00032-00006504-00006631": "our business is communications where we", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00033-00006631-00006710": "help all different types of", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00034-00006711-00006839": "organizations communicate with their", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00035-00006840-00006991": "shareholders communicate with their", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00036-00006992-00007159": "customers across a variety of different", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00037-00007159-00007351": "digital channels and and capabilities", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00038-00007352-00007527": "right yeah and give a quick", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00039-00007528-00007727": "one minute on slalom i know you guys but", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00040-00007728-00007831": "for the folks", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00041-00007831-00008078": "no problem uh so slalom is a modern", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00042-00008079-00008342": "consulting firm uh focused on strategy", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00043-00008343-00008583": "technology and business transformation", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00044-00008584-00008719": "uh and me personally i'm part of the", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00045-00008720-00008951": "element lab which is focused on you know", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00046-00008952-00009159": "forward thinking uh technology and sort", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00047-00009160-00009295": "of disruptive technology in the next", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00048-00009296-00009478": "five to ten years awesome and that's the", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00049-00009479-00009687": "scope of this conversation the next five", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00050-00009688-00009887": "to ten years you guys are working on a", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00051-00009888-00010046": "project together you're kind of customer", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00052-00010047-00010271": "partners you're building something yep", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00053-00010272-00010446": "what are you guys working on", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00054-00010447-00010671": "i can't wait to jump into it explain", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00055-00010672-00010774": "sure so", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00056-00010775-00010863": "the", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00057-00010864-00011031": "similar to chris at broadridge we've", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00058-00011032-00011159": "created an innovation capability", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00059-00011160-00011303": "innovation incubation capability and one", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00060-00011304-00011414": "of the first areas we're kind of", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00061-00011415-00011614": "experimenting in is digital assets so", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00062-00011615-00011742": "what we're looking to do is we're", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00063-00011743-00011974": "looking at a variety of different areas", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00064-00011975-00012231": "where we think consolidation network", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00065-00012232-00012391": "effects that we can bring can add a", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00066-00012392-00012535": "significant amount of value and so the", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00067-00012536-00012687": "area we're working on is this concept of", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00068-00012688-00012894": "a wallet of wallets how do we actually", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00069-00012895-00013079": "consolidate assets that are held across", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00070-00013080-00013255": "a variety of different wallets maybe", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00071-00013256-00013486": "traditional wallets digital wallets but", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00072-00013487-00013671": "maybe even traditional accounts bring", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00073-00013672-00013958": "that together and then give control back", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00074-00013959-00014086": "to the consumer of who they want to", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00075-00014087-00014238": "share that information with how they", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00076-00014240-00014366": "want their transactions to be able to", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00077-00014368-00014599": "control so the idea of people talk about", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00078-00014600-00014830": "web3 being the internet of value i often", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00079-00014831-00014943": "think about it as the internet of", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00080-00014944-00015143": "control how do you return control back", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00081-00015144-00015327": "to the individual so that they can make", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00082-00015328-00015503": "decisions about how and who has access", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00083-00015504-00015655": "to their information and assets it's", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00084-00015656-00015799": "interesting i totally like the value", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00085-00015800-00016007": "angle but your point is what's the", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00086-00016008-00016166": "chicken in the egg here the cart before", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00087-00016168-00016343": "the horse you can look at it both ways", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00088-00016344-00016511": "and saying okay control is going to", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00089-00016512-00016711": "drive the value this is an interesting", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00090-00016712-00016958": "nuance right so absolutely so you know", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00091-00016959-00017103": "in this architectural world they thought", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00092-00017104-00017294": "about the data plane and the control", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00093-00017295-00017399": "plane", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00094-00017400-00017567": "everyone's trying to go old-school like", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00095-00017568-00017758": "middleware thinking let's own the data", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00096-00017759-00018014": "plan we'll win everything not going to", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00097-00018015-00018207": "happen if it goes decentralized right", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00098-00018208-00018407": "chris yeah yeah i mean we're building a", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00099-00018408-00018607": "decentralized application but it really", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00100-00018608-00018847": "is built on top of aws", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00101-00018848-00019047": "we have a serverless architecture that", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00102-00019048-00019279": "scales as our business scales", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00103-00019280-00019543": "built on top of things like s3 lambda", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00104-00019544-00019750": "dynamodb and of course using those", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00105-00019751-00019999": "security principles like cognito", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00106-00020000-00020327": "and aws gateway api gateway so we're", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00107-00020328-00020519": "really building an architecture of web3", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00108-00020520-00020743": "on top of the web 2 basics in the cloud", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00109-00020744-00020903": "i mean all evolutions are abstractions", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00110-00020904-00021103": "on top of each other", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00111-00021104-00021135": "key ip", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00112-00021136-00021303": "above all goes the whole the whole nine", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00113-00021304-00021543": "yards in digital at least that's the way", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00114-00021544-00021678": "question about serverless real quick did", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00115-00021679-00021894": "you i saw that redshift just launched", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00116-00021895-00022158": "general availability of uh serverless on", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00117-00022159-00022350": "in redshift yes you start to see the", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00118-00022351-00022550": "server list now part of almost all the", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00119-00022551-00022663": "services", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00120-00022664-00022807": "in aws", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00121-00022808-00023007": "is that enabling that abstraction", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00122-00023008-00023191": "because most people don't see it that", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00123-00023192-00023478": "way they oh well amazon's not web3", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00124-00023479-00023607": "yeah they've got databases i mean you", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00125-00023608-00023758": "could use that so yeah so how does how", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00126-00023759-00023911": "do you connect the dots and cross the", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00127-00023912-00024071": "bridge to the future", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00128-00024072-00024303": "with the idea that i might not think web", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00129-00024304-00024655": "2 or cloud is web 3. i i i'll jump in", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00130-00024656-00024750": "quickly i mean i think it's the", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00131-00024751-00024863": "decentralized if you think about", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00132-00024864-00025078": "decentralization right serverless and", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00133-00025079-00025230": "decentralization you could argue are the", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00134-00025231-00025375": "same way of they're saying the same", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00135-00025376-00025535": "thing in different ways right one is", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00136-00025536-00025655": "thinking about it from a technology", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00137-00025656-00025806": "perspective want to think about it from", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00138-00025807-00025943": "an ecosystem perspective and how things", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00139-00025944-00026127": "come together you need serverless", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00140-00026127-00026279": "components that can talk to each other", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00141-00026280-00026414": "and communicate with each other to", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00142-00026416-00026590": "actually really reach the promise of", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00143-00026591-00026831": "what web3 is supposed to be so digital", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00144-00026832-00027158": "digital uh bits or digital assets i call", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00145-00027160-00027270": "it digital bits because you know i think", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00146-00027272-00027590": "zero ones if you digitize everything and", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00147-00027591-00027774": "everything has value or now control", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00148-00027775-00027967": "drives the value i could be a soccer", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00149-00027968-00028223": "team i have apparel i have value in my", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00150-00028224-00028502": "logos i have photos i have cube videos i", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00151-00028504-00028646": "mean some say that these this should be", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00152-00028647-00028911": "an nft yeah right maybe but digital", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00153-00028912-00029223": "assets had to be protected but owned so", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00154-00029224-00029390": "ownership drives it too right absolutely", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00155-00029391-00029518": "so how does that fit in how do you", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00156-00029519-00029646": "explain that because i'm trying to tie", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00157-00029647-00029799": "the dots here connect the dots and tie", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00158-00029800-00029935": "it together", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00159-00029936-00030111": "what do i get if i go down this road", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00160-00030112-00030318": "that you guys are building so i i think", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00161-00030319-00030479": "one of the one of the challenges digital", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00162-00030480-00030679": "assets right now is that it's a closed", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00163-00030680-00030855": "community and i think the people that", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00164-00030856-00031055": "play in it they're really into it right", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00165-00031056-00031231": "and so you look at things like nfts and", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00166-00031232-00031343": "you look at some of the other activities", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00167-00031344-00031535": "that are happening and there are certain", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00168-00031536-00031695": "naysayers that look at it and say this", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00169-00031695-00031839": "stuff is not based upon value it's a", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00170-00031839-00032055": "bunch of artwork it can't be worth this", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00171-00032056-00032190": "well how about we do a time out there", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00172-00032191-00032351": "and we actually look at the underlying", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00173-00032352-00032487": "technology that's supporting this the", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00174-00032488-00032662": "blockchain right and the potential", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00175-00032663-00032895": "ramifications of that across the entire", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00176-00032896-00033046": "financial ecosystem and frankly all", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00177-00033047-00033262": "different types of ecosystems of having", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00178-00033263-00033479": "this immune record where information", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00179-00033480-00033671": "gets stored and gets sent and the", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00180-00033672-00033862": "ability to go back to it at all times", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00181-00033863-00034062": "that's where the real power is so i", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00182-00034063-00034231": "think we're starting to see right we've", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00183-00034232-00034390": "hit a bit of a hiccup if you will in the", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00184-00034391-00034590": "cryptocurrencies they're gonna continue", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00185-00034591-00034790": "to be there they won't all be there a", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00186-00034791-00034918": "lot of them will probably disappear but", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00187-00034919-00035023": "they'll be a finite number what", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00188-00035024-00035327": "percentage of stuff do you think is", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00189-00035328-00035567": "vapor bs if you either put a", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00190-00035568-00035799": "order a magnitude number", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00191-00035800-00036079": "i would say at least 75 of it um i mean", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00192-00036080-00036230": "there's quite a few projects that are", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00193-00036231-00036415": "sort of failing right now but it's", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00194-00036416-00036551": "interesting in that in the crypto", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00195-00036552-00036743": "markets they're failing gracefully", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00196-00036744-00036927": "because it's on the blockchain and it's", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00197-00036928-00037127": "all very transparent you know things are", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00198-00037128-00037302": "a check you sort of know immediately", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00199-00037303-00037455": "sort of which companies are insolvent", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00200-00037456-00037590": "which opportunities are are still", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00201-00037591-00037783": "working so it's very very interesting in", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00202-00037784-00037918": "my opinion and i think the ones that", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00203-00037919-00038118": "don't have valid premises are the ones", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00204-00038119-00038279": "that are failing like terra and some of", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00205-00038280-00038383": "these other ones if you actually really", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00206-00038384-00038527": "looked at it the entire industry knew", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00207-00038528-00038671": "these things were no good yeah but then", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00208-00038672-00038823": "you look at stable coins right and you", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00209-00038824-00039007": "look at what's going on with cbdc's", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00210-00039008-00039167": "these are backed by real underlying", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00211-00039168-00039302": "assets that people can be comfortable", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00212-00039303-00039574": "with and there's not a question of is", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00213-00039575-00039807": "this going to happen the question is how", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00214-00039808-00039967": "quickly is it going to happen and how", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00215-00039968-00040055": "quickly you're going to be using digital", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00216-00040056-00040190": "currency it's interesting we always talk", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00217-00040191-00040367": "about software software as money now", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00218-00040368-00040599": "money software and you know gold and", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00219-00040600-00040839": "oils moving over to that crypto how do", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00220-00040840-00041046": "you guys see", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00221-00041047-00041190": "um", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00222-00041191-00041367": "software because we were just arguing", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00223-00041368-00041511": "the cube dave vellante and i before you", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00224-00041512-00041743": "guys came on that the software industry", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00225-00041744-00041927": "pretty much does not exist anymore it's", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00226-00041928-00042111": "open source right so everything's open", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00227-00042112-00042351": "source as an industry but the value is", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00228-00042352-00042574": "integration innovation so it's not just", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00229-00042575-00042735": "software it's free", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00230-00042736-00042815": "so", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00231-00042816-00042967": "you got it it's integration so how do", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00232-00042968-00043190": "you guys see the software driving crypto", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00233-00043191-00043415": "because it is software defined money at", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00234-00043416-00043543": "the end of the day", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00235-00043544-00043758": "no i think that's absolutely one of the", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00236-00043759-00043951": "strengths of the crypto markets and and", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00237-00043952-00044167": "the web3 market is it's governed by", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00238-00044168-00044367": "software and because of that you can", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00239-00044368-00044574": "build a trust framework everybody knows", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00240-00044575-00044727": "it's on the public blockchain", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00241-00044728-00044887": "everybody's aware of the software that's", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00242-00044888-00045087": "driving the the rules and the rules of", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00243-00045088-00045271": "engagement in this blockchain and it", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00244-00045272-00045455": "creates that trust network that says hey", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00245-00045456-00045590": "i can transact with you even though i", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00246-00045591-00045758": "don't know anything about you and i", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00247-00045759-00045902": "don't need a middleman to tell me like i", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00248-00045903-00046087": "can trust you because this software", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00249-00046088-00046287": "draws that trust framework yeah a lot of", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00250-00046288-00046439": "disruption a lot of companies go out of", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00251-00046440-00046639": "business as a middle man in these", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00252-00046640-00046767": "markets", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00253-00046768-00046862": "the", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00254-00046863-00047095": "intermediaries either have to disrupt", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00255-00047096-00047318": "themselves or they will be disrupted i", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00256-00047319-00047399": "think that's what we're going to learn", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00257-00047400-00047479": "here and it's going to start in", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00258-00047480-00047615": "financial services but it's going to go", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00259-00047616-00047799": "to a lot of different places i think the", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00260-00047800-00047935": "interesting thing that's happening now", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00261-00047936-00048095": "is you for the first time you're", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00262-00048096-00048223": "starting to see the regulators start to", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00263-00048224-00048351": "get involved which is actually a really", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00264-00048352-00048511": "good thing for the market because to", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00265-00048512-00048783": "chris's point transparency is here how", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00266-00048784-00048879": "do you actually present that", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00267-00048880-00049030": "transparency and that trust back to", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00268-00049031-00049190": "consumers so they feel comfortable once", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00269-00049191-00049374": "that problem is solved and i think", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00270-00049375-00049551": "everyone in the industry welcomes it all", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00271-00049552-00049702": "of a sudden you have this ecosystem that", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00272-00049703-00049846": "people can play in they can build and", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00273-00049847-00049958": "they can start to actually create real", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00274-00049959-00050111": "value you know every structural change", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00275-00050112-00050318": "that i've been involved in my 30 plus", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00276-00050319-00050535": "year career has been around inflection", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00277-00050536-00050662": "points it was always some sort of", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00278-00050663-00050918": "underbelly right so you know so i'm not", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00279-00050919-00051158": "i'm not going to judge crypto up been in", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00280-00051159-00051335": "the market for a while but it's a good", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00281-00051336-00051487": "sign there's innovation happening so as", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00282-00051488-00051726": "now clarity comes into what's real i", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00283-00051727-00051838": "think you guys are talking a", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00284-00051839-00051990": "conversation i think is refreshing", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00285-00051991-00052287": "because you're saying okay cloud is real", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00286-00052288-00052591": "lambda serverless all these duals so web", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00287-00052591-00052791": "3 is certainly real because", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00288-00052791-00053015": "it's a future architecture but it's", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00289-00053016-00053191": "attracting the young it's a cultural", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00290-00053191-00053279": "shift", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00291-00053279-00053615": "okay and it's also you know cooler", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00292-00053616-00053926": "than kind of boring you know web 2 and", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00293-00053927-00054199": "cloud so i think the cultural shift the", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00294-00054200-00054415": "fact that it's got data involved there's", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00295-00054416-00054615": "some disruption around middlemen", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00296-00054616-00054879": "intermediaries makes it very attractive", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00297-00054879-00055007": "to tech geeks", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00298-00055008-00055319": "yes you look at um i read a stat and her", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00299-00055320-00055550": "stat from a friend in the bay area that", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00300-00055551-00055775": "30 of cal computer science students are", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00301-00055776-00055959": "dropping out and jumping into crypto", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00302-00055960-00056166": "yeah okay so it's attracting the", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00303-00056167-00056423": "technical nerds alpha geeks", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00304-00056424-00056654": "it's a cultural revolution", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00305-00056655-00056838": "and there's some cool stuff going on", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00306-00056839-00057038": "from a business model standpoint there's", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00307-00057039-00057230": "one thing missing right the thing that's", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00308-00057232-00057359": "missing it's what we're trying to work", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00309-00057360-00057559": "on i think is experience", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00310-00057560-00057726": "i think if you if you're being honest", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00311-00057727-00057911": "about your about the entire marketplace", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00312-00057912-00058111": "what you would agree is that this stuff", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00313-00058112-00058294": "is not easy to use today and that's got", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00314-00058295-00058447": "to be satisfied you need this something", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00315-00058448-00058719": "that if it's the 85 year old grandma", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00316-00058720-00058863": "that wants to actually participate in", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00317-00058864-00059015": "these markets that not only can they", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00318-00059016-00059166": "feel comfortable but they actually know", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00319-00059167-00059326": "how to do it right you can't use these", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00320-00059327-00059487": "crazy tools where you use these terms", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00321-00059488-00059719": "and i think the industry as it grows up", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00322-00059720-00059854": "will satisfy a lot of those things i", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00323-00059855-00059975": "think this is why i want to tie back and", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00324-00059976-00060111": "get your reaction to this i think that's", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00325-00060112-00060254": "why you guys talking about building on", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00326-00060255-00060463": "top of aws is refreshing because it's", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00327-00060464-00060654": "not dogmatic well we can't use amazon", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00328-00060655-00060966": "it's not web it's not really web3 well i", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00329-00060967-00061142": "mean a database could be used when you", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00330-00061144-00061254": "need it you don't need to write", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00331-00061255-00061471": "everything to the blockchain no database", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00332-00061472-00061623": "is a very valuable capability you get", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00333-00061624-00061799": "serverless so all these things not being", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00334-00061800-00061999": "worked together so what do you guys see", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00335-00062000-00062215": "for companies that want to be web 3 for", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00336-00062216-00062415": "all the good reasons and how do they", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00337-00062416-00062599": "leverage cloud specifically to get there", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00338-00062600-00062719": "what are what are some things that you", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00339-00062720-00062887": "guys have learned that you can point to", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00340-00062888-00063006": "and share you want to start well you", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00341-00063007-00063319": "know i i think not everything has to be", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00342-00063320-00063519": "open you know and public to everybody", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00343-00063520-00063615": "you're going to have to want you're", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00344-00063616-00063742": "going to want to have some things that", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00345-00063744-00063871": "are secret you're going to want to", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00346-00063872-00063999": "encrypt some things you're going to want", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00347-00064000-00064206": "to put some things you know within your", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00348-00064207-00064447": "own walls and that's where aws really", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00349-00064448-00064599": "excels i think you can have the best of", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00350-00064600-00064815": "both worlds um so that's the my", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00351-00064816-00064999": "perspective the only the thing i would", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00352-00065000-00065342": "add to it so my view is it's 2022. yeah", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00353-00065344-00065487": "i actually was joking earlier i think i", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00354-00065488-00065703": "was at the first reinvent right and i", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00355-00065704-00065831": "remember walking in and this was a new", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00356-00065832-00065919": "industry", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00357-00065920-00066150": "this is foundational yeah like cloud is", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00358-00066151-00066431": "not i also i don't view like like it we", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00359-00066432-00066543": "shouldn't be having that conversation", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00360-00066544-00066638": "anymore of course you should build this", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00361-00066639-00066743": "stuff on top of the cloud of course you", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00362-00066744-00066943": "should build on top of aws it just makes", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00363-00066944-00067111": "sense right and we should", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00364-00067112-00067215": "instead of worrying about those", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00365-00067216-00067343": "challenges what we should be worrying", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00366-00067344-00067550": "about are how do we make these", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00367-00067551-00067703": "applications easy to use how do we", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00368-00067704-00067879": "actually energy efficiently how do we", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00369-00067880-00068047": "enable the promise of what these things", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00370-00068048-00068191": "are going to bring and actually make it", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00371-00068192-00068375": "real because if it happens think about", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00372-00068376-00068519": "think about traditional assets right", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00373-00068520-00068671": "there's projects going on globally that", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00374-00068672-00068831": "are looking at how do you take equity", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00375-00068832-00069023": "securities and actually move them to the", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00376-00069024-00069199": "blockchain yeah when that stuff happens", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00377-00069200-00069335": "yeah and i like what you guys doing i", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00378-00069336-00069575": "saw the news with this crypto winter", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00379-00069576-00069750": "some major walleye exchanges have been", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00380-00069751-00069935": "advertising are kind of hurting", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00381-00069936-00070038": "take me through what you guys are", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00382-00070039-00070159": "thinking what the vision is around the", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00383-00070160-00070359": "wallet of wallace is it to provide an", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00384-00070360-00070638": "experience for the user or the market", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00385-00070639-00070831": "industry itself what's the target is it", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00386-00070832-00071182": "both share the the design goals for the", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00387-00071183-00071359": "wall-to-wall my favorite thing about", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00388-00071360-00071535": "innovation and innovation labs is we can", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00389-00071536-00071767": "experiment right so i i'll go in saying", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00390-00071768-00071911": "we don't know what the final answer is", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00391-00071912-00072071": "going to be but this is the premise that", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00392-00072072-00072150": "we have", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00393-00072151-00072319": "in this disparate decentralized", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00394-00072320-00072535": "ecosystem you need some mechanism to be", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00395-00072536-00072647": "able to control what's actually", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00396-00072648-00072838": "happening at the consumer level so i", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00397-00072839-00073031": "think the key target is how do you", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00398-00073032-00073255": "create an experience where the consumer", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00399-00073256-00073391": "feels like they're in control of that", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00400-00073392-00073526": "value how do they actually control the", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00401-00073527-00073719": "underlying assets and then", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00402-00073720-00073847": "how does it actually get delivered to", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00403-00073848-00073991": "them is it something that comes from", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00404-00073992-00074111": "their bank from their broker is it", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00405-00074112-00074303": "coming from an independent organization", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00406-00074304-00074423": "how do they manage all of that", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00407-00074424-00074638": "information and i think the last part of", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00408-00074639-00074815": "it are the assets like it's easy to", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00409-00074816-00075006": "think about cryptos and nfts but", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00410-00075007-00075126": "thinking about traditional assets", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00411-00075127-00075287": "thinking about identity information and", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00412-00075288-00075487": "healthcare records all of that stuff is", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00413-00075488-00075671": "going to become part of this ecosystem", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00414-00075672-00075847": "and imagine being able to go someplace", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00415-00075848-00076079": "and saying oh you need my information", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00416-00076080-00076199": "well i'm going to give it to you off my", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00417-00076200-00076311": "phone and i'm going to give it to you", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00418-00076312-00076494": "for the next 24 hours so you can use it", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00419-00076495-00076655": "but after that you have no access to it", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00420-00076656-00076887": "or you're my financial advisor here's a", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00421-00076888-00077079": "view of what i actually have asked my", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00422-00077080-00077238": "underlying assets what do you recommend", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00423-00077239-00077431": "i do so i think we're going to see an", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00424-00077432-00077582": "evolution in the market a data clean", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00425-00077583-00077887": "room yeah yeah but that you control yes", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00426-00077888-00078047": "i think about it very similarly as well", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00427-00078048-00078238": "like as my journey into the crypto", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00428-00078239-00078415": "market has sort of gone through", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00429-00078416-00078582": "different you know pathways different", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00430-00078583-00078782": "avenues and i've come to a place where", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00431-00078783-00078982": "like i'm really sort of managing eight", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00432-00078983-00079143": "different wallets and it's difficult to", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00433-00079144-00079279": "sort of figure out exactly where all my", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00434-00079280-00079471": "assets are and having a tool like this", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00435-00079472-00079662": "will allow me to sort of visualize and", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00436-00079663-00079806": "aggregate those assets and maybe even", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00437-00079807-00080006": "recombine them in unique ways i think is", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00438-00080007-00080135": "hugely valuable my biggest fear is", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00439-00080136-00080431": "losing my key yeah well that's that's an", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00440-00080432-00080567": "experience problem that's to be solved", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00441-00080568-00080743": "but let me give you like my favorite use", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00442-00080744-00080975": "case in this space is could be nfts", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00443-00080976-00081111": "right people like what does nfts really", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00444-00081112-00081343": "mean title insurance right anyone buy a", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00445-00081344-00081582": "house your ref you know uh refinance", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00446-00081583-00081750": "your mortgage you go through this crazy", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00447-00081751-00081862": "process that cost seven or eight", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00448-00081863-00081999": "thousand dollars every single time you", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00449-00082000-00082118": "close on something to get title", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00450-00082119-00082287": "insurance so they can validate what if", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00451-00082288-00082431": "that title was actually sitting on the", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00452-00082432-00082606": "chain you got an nft that you put in", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00453-00082607-00082735": "your wallet and when it goes time to", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00454-00082736-00082926": "sell your house or to refinance", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00455-00082927-00083167": "everything's there okay i'm the owner of", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00456-00083168-00083367": "the house i don't know jp morgan chase", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00457-00083368-00083543": "has the actual mortgage there's another", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00458-00083544-00083687": "lien there's some taxes it's like a link", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00459-00083688-00083831": "tree in the wallet yeah", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00460-00083832-00084006": "i think you got a smart contract boom", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00461-00084007-00084182": "closing immediately i think that's one", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00462-00084183-00084303": "of the most important things i think", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00463-00084304-00084479": "people look at nfts and they think oh", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00464-00084480-00084647": "this is like you know art and that's", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00465-00084648-00084775": "sort of heart started in the art and", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00466-00084776-00084943": "collectible space but it's actually", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00467-00084944-00085167": "quickly moving towards utilities and", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00468-00085168-00085399": "tokenization and passes and that's where", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00469-00085400-00085559": "i think the value is ownership and the", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00470-00085560-00085759": "challenge identity and ownership except", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00471-00085760-00086038": "and the digital rights ownership", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00472-00086039-00086247": "and the economics behind it", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00473-00086248-00086438": "really have a lot of scale because i i", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00474-00086439-00086559": "appreciate the fintech angle where", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00475-00086560-00086711": "you're coming from because i can see i", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00476-00086712-00086862": "can now see what's going on here with", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00477-00086863-00087031": "you it's like okay we got to start", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00478-00087032-00087182": "somewhere yeah right let's start with", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00479-00087183-00087391": "the experience the wallets are tough nut", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00480-00087392-00087655": "to crack because that requires de facto", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00481-00087656-00087855": "participation in the industry kind of as", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00482-00087856-00088062": "a de facto standard so how are you guys", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00483-00088063-00088199": "doing there can you give an update and", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00484-00088200-00088303": "then how can people get what's the", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00485-00088304-00088487": "project called and how do people get", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00486-00088488-00088711": "involved yeah so we're we're still kind", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00487-00088712-00088887": "of in the in the innovation incubation", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00488-00088888-00089062": "stages so we're we're not launching it", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00489-00089063-00089271": "yet but what i will tell you is what our", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00490-00089272-00089447": "a lot of our focus is how do we make", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00491-00089448-00089606": "these transactional things that you do", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00492-00089607-00089750": "how do we make it easy to pull all your", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00493-00089751-00089918": "assets together how do we make it easy", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00494-00089919-00090062": "to move things from one location to the", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00495-00090063-00090255": "other location in ways that you're not", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00496-00090256-00090391": "using a weird", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00497-00090392-00090647": "cryptographic numeric value for your", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00498-00090648-00090831": "wallet but you actually can use real", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00499-00090832-00090982": "nomenclature that you can renumber and", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00500-00090983-00091159": "it's easy to understand yeah our", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00501-00091160-00091326": "expectation is that sometime in the fall", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00502-00091327-00091438": "we'll actually be in a position to", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00503-00091439-00091582": "launch this what we're going to do over", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00504-00091583-00091703": "the summer is we're going to start", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00505-00091704-00091847": "allowing people to play with it get", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00506-00091848-00091943": "their feedback and we're going to", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00507-00091944-00092279": "iterate so sandbox and when november um", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00508-00092280-00092438": "i think launch in like the fall sometime", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00509-00092439-00092623": "in the fall fall but in the over the", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00510-00092624-00092847": "summer what we're expecting is some type", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00511-00092848-00093071": "of friends and family type release where", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00512-00093072-00093199": "we can start to", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00513-00093200-00093374": "realize what people are doing either fix", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00514-00093375-00093550": "the challenges see if we're on the right", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00515-00093551-00093662": "track and make the equipment so right", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00516-00093663-00093882": "now you guys are just together on this", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00517-00093883-00094167": "yeah very much family or community is", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00518-00094168-00094471": "going to be controlled it is yeah yeah i", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00519-00094472-00094655": "mean as a group i think one thing that's", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00520-00094656-00094855": "really important to to highlight is that", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00521-00094856-00094999": "we're in innovation lab we're working", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00522-00095000-00095223": "with broadridge's innovation lab that", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00523-00095224-00095399": "sort of partnership across innovation", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00524-00095400-00095567": "labs and sort of allowed us to move very", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00525-00095568-00095743": "very quickly to build this you know", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00526-00095744-00095862": "actually if you think about it we were", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00527-00095863-00096023": "talking about this not too long ago and", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00528-00096024-00096231": "we're almost close to having an internal", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00529-00096232-00096367": "launch so i think it's very rapid", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00530-00096368-00096591": "development we follow a lot of buy-in", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00531-00096592-00096806": "across the board exactly right exactly", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00532-00096807-00096950": "and we followed the livestream", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00533-00096951-00097150": "a dow or are you a company of companies", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00534-00097151-00097391": "this could be a separate company so i i", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00535-00097392-00097574": "to be honest we're not entirely sure yet", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00536-00097575-00097687": "it's a new product that we're going to", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00537-00097688-00097926": "be creating what we actually do with it", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00538-00097927-00098047": "our thought is within an innovation", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00539-00098048-00098182": "environment there's three things you can", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00540-00098183-00098326": "do with something you can make it a", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00541-00098327-00098471": "product within the within the existing", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00542-00098472-00098574": "infrastructure you can create a new", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00543-00098575-00098726": "business unit or you can spin it off as", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00544-00098727-00098926": "something new right i do think this", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00545-00098927-00099023": "becomes a product within the", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00546-00099024-00099191": "organization based upon it it's so", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00547-00099192-00099423": "aligned to what we do today um but we'll", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00548-00099424-00099655": "see but you guys are financing it yes as", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00549-00099656-00099871": "collective companies yeah right yeah got", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00550-00099872-00100071": "it okay cool yeah well i mean let us", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00551-00100072-00100271": "know how we can help absolutely you guys", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00552-00100272-00100462": "want to do a remote in the cube we've", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00553-00100463-00100591": "got i would love the mission you guys", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00554-00100592-00100791": "are on i think this is the kind of work", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00555-00100792-00101038": "that that every company should be doing", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00556-00101039-00101279": "in the new r d you got to think got to", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00557-00101280-00101431": "jump in the deep end", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00558-00101432-00101679": "and swim as fast as possible but i think", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00559-00101680-00101791": "you can do with the cloud i think that", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00560-00101792-00101982": "is refreshing and that's smart", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00561-00101983-00102206": "and you have to do it quick because it's", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00562-00102207-00102399": "this market i think the one thing we", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00563-00102400-00102527": "would probably agree on is that it's", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00564-00102528-00102727": "moving faster than we could every week", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00565-00102728-00102878": "there's something else that happens okay", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00566-00102879-00103110": "so now you guys were at consensus down", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00567-00103111-00103263": "in austin when the", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00568-00103264-00103502": "winter hit um and you've been in the", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00569-00103503-00103639": "business for a long time you guys know", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00570-00103640-00103871": "the industries you see where it's going", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00571-00103872-00104006": "what what was the big thing you guys", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00572-00104007-00104206": "learned any scar tissue from yeah the", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00573-00104207-00104334": "early data coming in from the", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00574-00104335-00104575": "collaboration um was there some aha", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00575-00104576-00104886": "moments was some oh oh oh shoot moments", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00576-00104888-00104990": "um", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00577-00104991-00105127": "oh wow i didn't think that was going to", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00578-00105128-00105471": "happen share some anecdotal stories from", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00579-00105472-00105710": "the experience good bad and if you you", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00580-00105711-00106007": "want to be bold say okay i think", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00581-00106008-00106110": "i think the first thing i want to say", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00582-00106111-00106302": "about uh the timing you know it is the", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00583-00106303-00106471": "crypt of winter but i actually think you", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00584-00106472-00106639": "know now's a really great time to sort", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00585-00106640-00106790": "of build something because everybody's", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00586-00106791-00106990": "continuing to build i mean folks are", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00587-00106991-00107127": "focused on the future and that's what we", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00588-00107128-00107231": "are as well", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00589-00107232-00107502": "uh in terms of some of the uh challenges", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00590-00107503-00107615": "well i mean", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00591-00107616-00107902": "the web3 space is so new uh and there's", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00592-00107903-00108134": "not like a way to just go online and", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00593-00108135-00108327": "sort of you know copy somebody else's", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00594-00108328-00108519": "work and sort of rinse and repeat we had", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00595-00108520-00108671": "to figure a lot of things on our own we", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00596-00108672-00108807": "had to try different technologies see", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00597-00108808-00108958": "which worked better and sort of make", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00598-00108959-00109119": "sure that it was functioning the way we", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00599-00109120-00109283": "wanted it to function", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00600-00109283-00109399": "really the oversight", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00601-00109400-00109527": "that product", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00602-00109528-00109775": "out that's good i like this team", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00603-00109776-00109983": "but think about it like so the joke is", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00604-00109983-00110166": "is that when winter is when real work", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00605-00110167-00110319": "happens yeah so if you look at the", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00606-00110320-00110447": "companies that have not been affected by", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00607-00110448-00110607": "this it's the infrastructure companies", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00608-00110608-00110815": "and what it reminds me of it's a little", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00609-00110816-00111071": "bit different but 2001 right we had the", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00610-00111072-00111278": "dot-com bust the entire industry blew up", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00611-00111279-00111463": "but what came out of that everything", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00612-00111464-00111623": "amazon right i mean like lots of", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00613-00111624-00111758": "companies kind of grew up out of that", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00614-00111759-00111927": "environment everything that was promoted", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00615-00111928-00112086": "actually happened yes yeah but you know", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00616-00112088-00112247": "what they didn't have a delivery", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00617-00112248-00112334": "but you know what's interesting that", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00618-00112335-00112447": "didn't happen", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00619-00112448-00112766": "is it's super bowl yes", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00620-00112767-00112943": "in financial services", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00621-00112944-00113166": "we built on top of legacy", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00622-00113167-00113423": "i think what web 3 is doing it's getting", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00623-00113424-00113615": "rid of that legacy infrastructure yeah", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00624-00113616-00113734": "and you know the banks are going to be", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00625-00113735-00113871": "involved there's going to be new players", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00626-00113872-00114054": "and stuff but what i'm seeing now is a", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00627-00114055-00114183": "doubling down of the infrastructure", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00628-00114183-00114366": "investment of saying how okay how do we", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00629-00114367-00114495": "actually make this stuff real so we can", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00630-00114496-00114615": "actually show the promise yeah one of", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00631-00114616-00114734": "the things i just shared rod you", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00632-00114735-00114919": "appreciate this is that the digital", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00633-00114920-00115102": "advertising market's changing because", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00634-00115103-00115183": "now", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00635-00115183-00115431": "banner ads and the old techniques are", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00636-00115432-00115631": "based on web 2 infrastructure basically", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00637-00115632-00115910": "dns as we know it and token problems are", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00638-00115911-00116143": "everywhere sites and silos are built to", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00639-00116144-00116319": "get linked it doesn't share information", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00640-00116320-00116502": "and the sites want first party data it's", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00641-00116503-00116758": "a hoarding kind of exercise and so like", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00642-00116759-00116871": "those practices are going to get", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00643-00116872-00117086": "decimated so incomes", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00644-00117088-00117343": "yeah choke and economics", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00645-00117344-00117575": "yeah that's going to get decimated so", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00646-00117576-00117695": "you're already seeing the decline of", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00647-00117696-00117999": "media yeah and advertising cookies are", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00648-00118000-00118110": "going away", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00649-00118111-00118254": "but it's like yeah i think it's going to", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00650-00118255-00118423": "change it's going to be a flip because i", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00651-00118424-00118647": "think right now you're not in control", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00652-00118648-00118815": "other people are in control and i think", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00653-00118816-00118951": "with tokenomics and some other things", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00654-00118952-00119127": "that happen it gives back control to the", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00655-00119128-00119239": "individual", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00656-00119240-00119439": "think about it right now you get", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00657-00119440-00119590": "advertising that you didn't say i wanted", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00658-00119591-00119751": "this advertising imagine the value of", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00659-00119752-00119902": "advertising when you say you know what i", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00660-00119903-00120031": "am interested in getting information", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00661-00120032-00120199": "about this particular type of product", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00662-00120200-00120343": "the lead generation the value of that", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00663-00120344-00120486": "advertising is significantly higher", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00664-00120488-00120719": "notifications yeah yeah well gentlemen", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00665-00120720-00120847": "i'd love to follow up with you i'm", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00666-00120848-00120943": "definitely going to ping in now i'm", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00667-00120944-00121143": "going to put cubecoin back on the table", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00668-00121144-00121343": "for our audience cubecoin's coming", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00669-00121344-00121502": "really appreciate thanks for for sharing", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00670-00121503-00121686": "your insights great conversation", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00671-00121688-00121790": "excellent thank you for having me thank", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00672-00121791-00121919": "you so much here in new york city i'm", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00673-00121920-00122102": "john furrier we're back with more live", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00674-00122103-00122366": "coverage to close out the day stay with", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00675-00122367-00123157": "us we'll be right back excellent", "E_t-hWyx1oU-00676-00123158-00123467": "[Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "E_GedJnqJRE", "text": {"E_GedJnqJRE-00000-00000152-00000342": "well thank you rudy", "E_GedJnqJRE-00001-00000343-00000559": "i would again like to welcome all of you", "E_GedJnqJRE-00002-00000560-00000726": "to this open session of the national", "E_GedJnqJRE-00003-00000727-00000894": "advisory council for human genome", "E_GedJnqJRE-00004-00000896-00001023": "research", "E_GedJnqJRE-00005-00001024-00001383": "as uh you might be able to tell", "E_GedJnqJRE-00006-00001384-00001591": "we still find ourselves in a pandemic", "E_GedJnqJRE-00007-00001592-00001830": "related situation in which i must give", "E_GedJnqJRE-00008-00001832-00002118": "my director's report sitting all alone", "E_GedJnqJRE-00009-00002119-00002431": "in my conference room um and uh", "E_GedJnqJRE-00010-00002432-00002623": "consistent with the past two plus years", "E_GedJnqJRE-00011-00002624-00002767": "we're just gonna have to make the best", "E_GedJnqJRE-00012-00002768-00002991": "of it but hopefully these things shall", "E_GedJnqJRE-00013-00002992-00003087": "change", "E_GedJnqJRE-00014-00003088-00003351": "uh as with the rest of my uh of the open", "E_GedJnqJRE-00015-00003352-00003486": "session my director's report", "E_GedJnqJRE-00016-00003488-00003670": "presentation is being videotaped as you", "E_GedJnqJRE-00017-00003671-00003831": "just heard and that recording will be", "E_GedJnqJRE-00018-00003832-00004151": "made available as a permanent archive on", "E_GedJnqJRE-00019-00004152-00004535": "nhgri's website genome.gov", "E_GedJnqJRE-00020-00004536-00004686": "for those of you who are not familiar", "E_GedJnqJRE-00021-00004687-00004838": "with my director's report which is now a", "E_GedJnqJRE-00022-00004839-00005143": "fairly well oiled machine um i want to", "E_GedJnqJRE-00023-00005144-00005359": "make you aware of an electronic resource", "E_GedJnqJRE-00024-00005360-00005551": "that we put together in the week", "E_GedJnqJRE-00025-00005552-00005806": "preceding uh council meetings each time", "E_GedJnqJRE-00026-00005807-00005943": "it's analogous to a supplemental", "E_GedJnqJRE-00027-00005944-00006167": "material section of a published paper", "E_GedJnqJRE-00028-00006168-00006463": "you can access the current resource at", "E_GedJnqJRE-00029-00006464-00006655": "the url shown at the bottom", "E_GedJnqJRE-00030-00006656-00006798": "the slides i'm going to show throughout", "E_GedJnqJRE-00031-00006800-00007006": "my directors report are also available", "E_GedJnqJRE-00032-00007008-00007327": "at this site for download either in pdf", "E_GedJnqJRE-00033-00007328-00007527": "or powerpoint formats", "E_GedJnqJRE-00034-00007528-00007687": "and then when there's a relevant", "E_GedJnqJRE-00035-00007688-00007959": "document number such as a website or a", "E_GedJnqJRE-00036-00007959-00008095": "particular document that you might want", "E_GedJnqJRE-00037-00008095-00008271": "to download associated with the slide we", "E_GedJnqJRE-00038-00008272-00008478": "always indicate that with a little", "E_GedJnqJRE-00039-00008479-00008742": "number at the very bottom right", "E_GedJnqJRE-00040-00008743-00009006": "and um you can simply access that uh", "E_GedJnqJRE-00041-00009007-00009271": "view the the the website or download the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00042-00009272-00009519": "document at this dedicated website and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00043-00009520-00009671": "all these materials and this entire", "E_GedJnqJRE-00044-00009672-00009895": "website is also being permanently", "E_GedJnqJRE-00045-00009896-00010159": "archived on genome.gov as part of the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00046-00010160-00010559": "historic record of this council meeting", "E_GedJnqJRE-00047-00010560-00010663": "now there's going to be a number of", "E_GedJnqJRE-00048-00010664-00010855": "other presentations as always during the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00049-00010856-00011063": "open session of this council meeting", "E_GedJnqJRE-00050-00011064-00011246": "my director's report will deliberately", "E_GedJnqJRE-00051-00011247-00011446": "try not to have too much redundancy with", "E_GedJnqJRE-00052-00011447-00011599": "topics that are going to be otherwise", "E_GedJnqJRE-00053-00011600-00011719": "covered", "E_GedJnqJRE-00054-00011720-00011895": "we will have a guest joining us", "E_GedJnqJRE-00055-00011896-00012078": "immediately following my director's", "E_GedJnqJRE-00056-00012079-00012391": "report a relatively new institute", "E_GedJnqJRE-00057-00012392-00012551": "director shannon zink who is the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00058-00012552-00012815": "director of nih's national institute of", "E_GedJnqJRE-00059-00012816-00013030": "nursing research will be here to speak", "E_GedJnqJRE-00060-00013031-00013207": "about the future of nursing research", "E_GedJnqJRE-00061-00013208-00013447": "innovation collaboration and impact", "E_GedJnqJRE-00062-00013447-00013622": "and after that we'll be joined by", "E_GedJnqJRE-00063-00013623-00013975": "another um uh guest um marie bernard", "E_GedJnqJRE-00064-00013976-00014238": "who's nih's chief officer for scientific", "E_GedJnqJRE-00065-00014240-00014383": "workforce diversity and she's going to", "E_GedJnqJRE-00066-00014384-00014591": "be here to talk about a chief officer", "E_GedJnqJRE-00067-00014591-00014807": "for scientific workforce diversity", "E_GedJnqJRE-00068-00014808-00014951": "update", "E_GedJnqJRE-00069-00014952-00015166": "uh we then will turn our attention to", "E_GedJnqJRE-00070-00015168-00015430": "business for the council to help us with", "E_GedJnqJRE-00071-00015431-00015647": "and so that's going to start first with", "E_GedJnqJRE-00072-00015647-00015886": "two concept clearances uh that will be", "E_GedJnqJRE-00073-00015887-00016143": "presented by nhgri extramural program", "E_GedJnqJRE-00074-00016144-00016415": "directors first ebony baden will give a", "E_GedJnqJRE-00075-00016416-00016655": "presentation on a concept clearance on", "E_GedJnqJRE-00076-00016656-00016950": "diversity genome research centers", "E_GedJnqJRE-00077-00016951-00017175": "and second chris wellington joined by", "E_GedJnqJRE-00078-00017176-00017343": "ken wiley will present a concept", "E_GedJnqJRE-00079-00017344-00017535": "clearance on the analysis visualization", "E_GedJnqJRE-00080-00017536-00017935": "and informatics lab space for anvil", "E_GedJnqJRE-00081-00017936-00018103": "program", "E_GedJnqJRE-00082-00018104-00018430": "and lastly judy cho who is a director of", "E_GedJnqJRE-00083-00018431-00018630": "the charles brofman institute for", "E_GedJnqJRE-00084-00018631-00018847": "personalized medicine at the icon school", "E_GedJnqJRE-00085-00018848-00019022": "of medicine at mount sinai will give a", "E_GedJnqJRE-00086-00019023-00019303": "workshop report about future directions", "E_GedJnqJRE-00087-00019304-00019543": "in genomics and health equity", "E_GedJnqJRE-00088-00019544-00019719": "so", "E_GedJnqJRE-00089-00019720-00019975": "with that as a backdrop for what you can", "E_GedJnqJRE-00090-00019976-00020214": "expect for the rest of the open session", "E_GedJnqJRE-00091-00020215-00020350": "let me now turn my attention to the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00092-00020351-00020630": "director's report and these seven major", "E_GedJnqJRE-00093-00020631-00020958": "areas that we've organized my slides as", "E_GedJnqJRE-00094-00020959-00021158": "a framework for the topics i want to", "E_GedJnqJRE-00095-00021159-00021286": "cover we're going to first start off", "E_GedJnqJRE-00096-00021287-00021758": "with some general nhgri updates", "E_GedJnqJRE-00097-00021759-00021919": "and i will start with something truly", "E_GedJnqJRE-00098-00021920-00022199": "remarkable last month one of nhgri's", "E_GedJnqJRE-00099-00022200-00022383": "founding staff members and current", "E_GedJnqJRE-00100-00022384-00022599": "leaders betty graham who serves as the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00101-00022600-00022807": "director of the institute's division of", "E_GedJnqJRE-00102-00022808-00023078": "extramural operations reached a truly", "E_GedJnqJRE-00103-00023079-00023278": "remarkable milestone", "E_GedJnqJRE-00104-00023279-00023686": "50 together 5-0 50 years of service in", "E_GedJnqJRE-00105-00023687-00023847": "the federal government", "E_GedJnqJRE-00106-00023848-00024030": "now betty has been a member of the nhra", "E_GedJnqJRE-00107-00024031-00024222": "extramural research program since its", "E_GedJnqJRE-00108-00024223-00024455": "inception being deeply woven into the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00109-00024456-00024694": "fabric of all aspects of nhri's", "E_GedJnqJRE-00110-00024695-00024927": "extramural operations", "E_GedJnqJRE-00111-00024928-00025150": "that he was the third employee to join", "E_GedJnqJRE-00112-00025151-00025358": "the then name national center for human", "E_GedJnqJRE-00113-00025359-00025711": "genome research in 1989 her experience", "E_GedJnqJRE-00114-00025712-00025911": "and wisdom about all things related to", "E_GedJnqJRE-00115-00025912-00026118": "nih are deeply respected by her", "E_GedJnqJRE-00116-00026119-00026367": "colleagues both inside and outside of", "E_GedJnqJRE-00117-00026368-00026502": "nhgri", "E_GedJnqJRE-00118-00026504-00026718": "she has a wealth of knowledge especially", "E_GedJnqJRE-00119-00026719-00026943": "about the intricacies of nih program", "E_GedJnqJRE-00120-00026944-00027183": "management if that was not impressive", "E_GedJnqJRE-00121-00027183-00027455": "enough that he's a decorated fencer", "E_GedJnqJRE-00122-00027456-00027631": "having won multiple medals on the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00123-00027632-00027911": "veteran world epi team and taking home a", "E_GedJnqJRE-00124-00027912-00028135": "national epi individual bronze medal in", "E_GedJnqJRE-00125-00028136-00028302": "2016.", "E_GedJnqJRE-00126-00028304-00028527": "betty graham is a truly dedicated", "E_GedJnqJRE-00127-00028527-00028799": "remarkably competent and overwhelmingly", "E_GedJnqJRE-00128-00028800-00029118": "generous individual and nhgri has been", "E_GedJnqJRE-00129-00029119-00029302": "fortunate to have her within our ranks", "E_GedJnqJRE-00130-00029304-00029455": "including our leadership ranks for many", "E_GedJnqJRE-00131-00029456-00029639": "years and the federal government has", "E_GedJnqJRE-00132-00029639-00029839": "been fortunate to have her as part of", "E_GedJnqJRE-00133-00029839-00029999": "the federal workforce for the for the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00134-00030000-00030239": "past 50 years oh by the way 50 years and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00135-00030239-00030462": "counting so thank you betty for", "E_GedJnqJRE-00136-00030463-00030774": "everything that you do", "E_GedJnqJRE-00137-00030775-00030935": "tina gatlin who", "E_GedJnqJRE-00138-00030936-00031143": "until this past march was an extra", "E_GedJnqJRE-00139-00031144-00031343": "program director in nhgri's division of", "E_GedJnqJRE-00140-00031344-00031535": "genome sciences is now a program", "E_GedJnqJRE-00141-00031536-00031687": "director in the national institute of", "E_GedJnqJRE-00142-00031688-00031862": "biomedical imaging and biomed and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00143-00031863-00032031": "bioengineering's division of", "E_GedJnqJRE-00144-00032032-00032239": "interdisciplinary training", "E_GedJnqJRE-00145-00032239-00032527": "in our over decade-long career at nhri", "E_GedJnqJRE-00146-00032527-00032735": "tina managed a portfolio of grants", "E_GedJnqJRE-00147-00032736-00032943": "focused on training genome sciences and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00148-00032944-00033174": "proteomics she also served as one of the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00149-00033175-00033374": "working group coordinators for the nih", "E_GedJnqJRE-00150-00033375-00033631": "common fund protein capture reagents", "E_GedJnqJRE-00151-00033632-00033751": "program", "E_GedJnqJRE-00152-00033752-00033927": "over the last several years tina was the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00153-00033928-00034087": "lead training program director for", "E_GedJnqJRE-00154-00034088-00034311": "efforts focused on genome sciences and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00155-00034312-00034518": "in that role she developed and fostered", "E_GedJnqJRE-00156-00034519-00034759": "several nhgri initiatives centered on", "E_GedJnqJRE-00157-00034760-00034918": "around promoting career opportunities", "E_GedJnqJRE-00158-00034919-00035167": "for trainees and advancing a diverse", "E_GedJnqJRE-00159-00035168-00035367": "biomedical workforce", "E_GedJnqJRE-00160-00035368-00035559": "we're grateful to tina for her many", "E_GedJnqJRE-00161-00035560-00035807": "contributions to nhgri and the nih", "E_GedJnqJRE-00162-00035808-00036030": "common fund and we wish her much success", "E_GedJnqJRE-00163-00036031-00036230": "as she continues her work in training", "E_GedJnqJRE-00164-00036231-00036743": "and career development", "E_GedJnqJRE-00165-00036744-00036855": "in march", "E_GedJnqJRE-00166-00036856-00037239": "alexander or zander arguio joined nhgri", "E_GedJnqJRE-00167-00037240-00037407": "as an extramural program director in the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00168-00037408-00037623": "division of genome sciences he oversees", "E_GedJnqJRE-00169-00037624-00037846": "an investigator-initiated portfolio in", "E_GedJnqJRE-00170-00037847-00038079": "genomic variation population genetics", "E_GedJnqJRE-00171-00038080-00038279": "and statistical genetics", "E_GedJnqJRE-00172-00038280-00038527": "he is also part of the nhgri program", "E_GedJnqJRE-00173-00038528-00038751": "leadership teams for the human genome", "E_GedJnqJRE-00174-00038752-00038959": "reference program and the developmental", "E_GedJnqJRE-00175-00038960-00039283": "genotype tissue expression or dg text", "E_GedJnqJRE-00176-00039284-00039535": "initiative zander came to nhri from the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00177-00039536-00039711": "national institute of mental health", "E_GedJnqJRE-00178-00039712-00039871": "where he was part of the program", "E_GedJnqJRE-00179-00039872-00040071": "leadership team", "E_GedJnqJRE-00180-00040072-00040302": "um for the psych encode consortium an", "E_GedJnqJRE-00181-00040303-00040567": "oversource portfolio of awards in", "E_GedJnqJRE-00182-00040568-00040695": "functional genomics as well as", "E_GedJnqJRE-00183-00040696-00040871": "statistical and computational methods", "E_GedJnqJRE-00184-00040872-00041015": "development", "E_GedJnqJRE-00185-00041016-00041302": "now prior to coming to nih zander was a", "E_GedJnqJRE-00186-00041303-00041535": "senior scientific editor at nature", "E_GedJnqJRE-00187-00041536-00041871": "neuroscience", "E_GedJnqJRE-00188-00041872-00042079": "now late last year and this year i", "E_GedJnqJRE-00189-00042080-00042343": "established the office of genomic data", "E_GedJnqJRE-00190-00042344-00042727": "science or ogds within the nhgri office", "E_GedJnqJRE-00191-00042728-00042862": "of the director", "E_GedJnqJRE-00192-00042863-00043087": "more recently we established the initial", "E_GedJnqJRE-00193-00043088-00043407": "staffing for this new office", "E_GedJnqJRE-00194-00043408-00043583": "first chris wellington has joined the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00195-00043584-00043758": "office as a computational genomics and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00196-00043759-00043990": "data science program director and the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00197-00043991-00044255": "new co-lead for the nhgri genomic data", "E_GedJnqJRE-00198-00044256-00044430": "science analysis visualization", "E_GedJnqJRE-00199-00044431-00044774": "informatics lab space or anvil program", "E_GedJnqJRE-00200-00044775-00044918": "chris will continue to serve as the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00201-00044919-00045095": "point of contact for the genomic", "E_GedJnqJRE-00202-00045096-00045495": "community resources g24 identity u24", "E_GedJnqJRE-00203-00045496-00045695": "funding opportunity announcement and as", "E_GedJnqJRE-00204-00045696-00045871": "a program director for the genomics", "E_GedJnqJRE-00205-00045872-00046087": "research to elucidate the genetics of", "E_GedJnqJRE-00206-00046088-00046495": "rare diseases or gregor consortium", "E_GedJnqJRE-00207-00046496-00046823": "next sure jose also joined the office as", "E_GedJnqJRE-00208-00046824-00046974": "a computational genomics and data", "E_GedJnqJRE-00209-00046975-00047215": "science program director and serves as a", "E_GedJnqJRE-00210-00047216-00047471": "coordinator for the nih common fund", "E_GedJnqJRE-00211-00047472-00047671": "bridge to artificial intelligence or", "E_GedJnqJRE-00212-00047672-00047911": "bridge to ai program", "E_GedJnqJRE-00213-00047912-00048127": "sergio focuses on artificial", "E_GedJnqJRE-00214-00048128-00048335": "intelligence and genomics workforce", "E_GedJnqJRE-00215-00048336-00048535": "development diversity equity and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00216-00048536-00048711": "inclusion activities", "E_GedJnqJRE-00217-00048712-00048911": "he also supports training and outreach", "E_GedJnqJRE-00218-00048912-00049102": "for the anvil program and is leading the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00219-00049103-00049327": "educational hub for enhancing diversity", "E_GedJnqJRE-00220-00049328-00049543": "in computational genomics and data", "E_GedJnqJRE-00221-00049544-00049911": "science", "E_GedJnqJRE-00222-00049912-00050207": "assaya yulin is now serving as the nih", "E_GedJnqJRE-00223-00050208-00050502": "data and technology advancement or data", "E_GedJnqJRE-00224-00050503-00050671": "scholar in the office", "E_GedJnqJRE-00225-00050672-00050911": "in this role she supports the nih cloud", "E_GedJnqJRE-00226-00050912-00051287": "platform interoperability effort or ncpi", "E_GedJnqJRE-00227-00051288-00051430": "and focuses on development", "E_GedJnqJRE-00228-00051432-00051582": "implementation and adoption of", "E_GedJnqJRE-00229-00051583-00052142": "ontologies data models and standards", "E_GedJnqJRE-00230-00052144-00052270": "and lastly", "E_GedJnqJRE-00231-00052271-00052423": "elena ganon", "E_GedJnqJRE-00232-00052424-00052630": "serves as the policy advisor for the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00233-00052632-00052807": "data science and sharing within the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00234-00052808-00053015": "office and in this role elena leads", "E_GedJnqJRE-00235-00053016-00053271": "nhgri's scientific data sharing policy", "E_GedJnqJRE-00236-00053272-00053550": "development oversight and implementation", "E_GedJnqJRE-00237-00053551-00053823": "she also works with nih staff extramural", "E_GedJnqJRE-00238-00053824-00054087": "grantees and international partners on", "E_GedJnqJRE-00239-00054088-00054423": "data sharing and privacy policy issues", "E_GedJnqJRE-00240-00054424-00054550": "and keep in mind that all these", "E_GedJnqJRE-00241-00054551-00054823": "individuals in this office are", "E_GedJnqJRE-00242-00054824-00055023": "under the leadership of the head of the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00243-00055024-00055159": "office the director of the office", "E_GedJnqJRE-00244-00055160-00055542": "valentina defrancesca", "E_GedJnqJRE-00245-00055544-00055847": "moving on the nhgri training diversity", "E_GedJnqJRE-00246-00055848-00056135": "and health equity or tied office", "E_GedJnqJRE-00247-00056136-00056319": "another one of the relatively new", "E_GedJnqJRE-00248-00056320-00056519": "offices within the nhri office of the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00249-00056520-00056775": "director hosted a virtual workshop last", "E_GedJnqJRE-00250-00056776-00056991": "month entitled future directions in", "E_GedJnqJRE-00251-00056991-00057319": "genomics and health equity research", "E_GedJnqJRE-00252-00057320-00057494": "the workshop's goal was to identify", "E_GedJnqJRE-00253-00057495-00057654": "research gaps and opportunities that", "E_GedJnqJRE-00254-00057655-00057823": "could help address health disparities", "E_GedJnqJRE-00255-00057824-00058103": "and improve health equity in genomics", "E_GedJnqJRE-00256-00058104-00058430": "and over 300 participants attended the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00257-00058432-00058591": "workshop which included a series of", "E_GedJnqJRE-00258-00058591-00058863": "presentations and panels and breakout", "E_GedJnqJRE-00259-00058864-00059015": "groups on topics such as moving from", "E_GedJnqJRE-00260-00059016-00059199": "health disparities to health equity and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00261-00059200-00059415": "genomics current research and genomics", "E_GedJnqJRE-00262-00059416-00059630": "and health equity and structural factors", "E_GedJnqJRE-00263-00059632-00059823": "needed to support genomics and health", "E_GedJnqJRE-00264-00059824-00059975": "equity research", "E_GedJnqJRE-00265-00059976-00060126": "and the workshop report and video", "E_GedJnqJRE-00266-00060127-00060326": "recording is available on nhgri's", "E_GedJnqJRE-00267-00060327-00060606": "website genome.gov and also you'll hear", "E_GedJnqJRE-00268-00060607-00060838": "more details about this workshop from", "E_GedJnqJRE-00269-00060839-00061199": "judy cho later in this open session of", "E_GedJnqJRE-00270-00061200-00061654": "today's council meeting", "E_GedJnqJRE-00271-00061655-00061894": "i hope all of you heard about the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00272-00061895-00062182": "remarkable advance reported in april of", "E_GedJnqJRE-00273-00062183-00062454": "this year when the telomere to telomere", "E_GedJnqJRE-00274-00062455-00062775": "or t2t consortium published the first", "E_GedJnqJRE-00275-00062776-00062982": "complete gapless sequence of a human", "E_GedJnqJRE-00276-00062983-00063247": "genome roughly two decades after the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00277-00063248-00063454": "human genome project produced the first", "E_GedJnqJRE-00278-00063455-00063703": "draft human genome sequence", "E_GedJnqJRE-00279-00063704-00063942": "this remarkable scientific achievement", "E_GedJnqJRE-00280-00063944-00064175": "reflected a joint effort that involved", "E_GedJnqJRE-00281-00064176-00064326": "the leadership", "E_GedJnqJRE-00282-00064327-00064542": "of investigators supported by both", "E_GedJnqJRE-00283-00064544-00064863": "nhgri's extramural research program and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00284-00064864-00065111": "our intramural research program", "E_GedJnqJRE-00285-00065112-00065342": "and the nhgri office of communications", "E_GedJnqJRE-00286-00065344-00065503": "took the lead in communicating this", "E_GedJnqJRE-00287-00065504-00065671": "historic achievement to the press and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00288-00065672-00065894": "the public and the announcement was a", "E_GedJnqJRE-00289-00065895-00066191": "culmination of nearly a year of planning", "E_GedJnqJRE-00290-00066192-00066447": "between nhgri communications staff and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00291-00066448-00066750": "dozens of t2t consortium researchers", "E_GedJnqJRE-00292-00066751-00066950": "university and institutional", "E_GedJnqJRE-00293-00066951-00067175": "communications offices and members of", "E_GedJnqJRE-00294-00067176-00067438": "the press and public", "E_GedJnqJRE-00295-00067439-00067735": "the success of these collective efforts", "E_GedJnqJRE-00296-00067736-00067959": "are really nicely represented by various", "E_GedJnqJRE-00297-00067960-00068247": "outcomes for example between march 31st", "E_GedJnqJRE-00298-00068248-00068567": "and august and april 3rd nhgri and t2t", "E_GedJnqJRE-00299-00068568-00068719": "received mentions", "E_GedJnqJRE-00300-00068720-00069038": "in 1074 news articles that collectively", "E_GedJnqJRE-00301-00069039-00069367": "have a circulation of 998 million unique", "E_GedJnqJRE-00302-00069368-00069559": "visitors per month", "E_GedJnqJRE-00303-00069560-00069823": "nhgri's website gmail.gov received more", "E_GedJnqJRE-00304-00069824-00070094": "than 13 000 page views of the news", "E_GedJnqJRE-00305-00070095-00070455": "release and over 7 800 page views of the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00306-00070456-00070838": "t2t landing page and over 5600 page", "E_GedJnqJRE-00307-00070839-00070959": "views", "E_GedJnqJRE-00308-00070960-00071287": "on a web profile of nhgri intramural", "E_GedJnqJRE-00309-00071288-00071526": "investigator adam felipe who was one of", "E_GedJnqJRE-00310-00071527-00071862": "the co-chairs of the t2t consortium", "E_GedJnqJRE-00311-00071863-00072071": "so this was a raging success both", "E_GedJnqJRE-00312-00072072-00072319": "scientifically and in terms of capturing", "E_GedJnqJRE-00313-00072320-00072494": "a lot of attention by the press and the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00314-00072495-00072662": "general public", "E_GedJnqJRE-00315-00072663-00072950": "and part of this was nhgri's twitter", "E_GedJnqJRE-00316-00072951-00073231": "account at genome underscore gov which", "E_GedJnqJRE-00317-00073232-00073519": "received over 80 million appearances on", "E_GedJnqJRE-00318-00073520-00073719": "people's twitter feeds more than 3", "E_GedJnqJRE-00319-00073720-00073935": "million views for our nhra account over", "E_GedJnqJRE-00320-00073936-00074150": "the past 30 days which is by the way a", "E_GedJnqJRE-00321-00074151-00074431": "record high and over 50 000 views for a", "E_GedJnqJRE-00322-00074432-00074823": "special t2t animation", "E_GedJnqJRE-00323-00074824-00075038": "in addition i wrote a commentary that", "E_GedJnqJRE-00324-00075039-00075223": "was published in scientific american", "E_GedJnqJRE-00325-00075224-00075399": "about completing the human genome", "E_GedJnqJRE-00326-00075400-00075567": "sequence again", "E_GedJnqJRE-00327-00075568-00075726": "which was featured on the scientific", "E_GedJnqJRE-00328-00075727-00075919": "american homepage and received a shout", "E_GedJnqJRE-00329-00075920-00076071": "out from scientific american", "E_GedJnqJRE-00330-00076072-00076326": "editor-in-chief laura hellmuth as a", "E_GedJnqJRE-00331-00076327-00076559": "quote fascinating and fun what does it", "E_GedJnqJRE-00332-00076560-00076862": "all means peace on today's big t2t", "E_GedJnqJRE-00333-00076863-00077303": "announcement and a quote", "E_GedJnqJRE-00334-00077304-00077823": "so moving on to some general nih updates", "E_GedJnqJRE-00335-00077824-00078119": "first this guy boomerang francis", "E_GedJnqJRE-00336-00078120-00078311": "recall that at the february council", "E_GedJnqJRE-00337-00078312-00078582": "meeting i reported that francis collins", "E_GedJnqJRE-00338-00078583-00078831": "had boomeranged back to nhgri on a", "E_GedJnqJRE-00339-00078832-00079103": "full-time basis as a senior investigator", "E_GedJnqJRE-00340-00079104-00079311": "in our intramural research program", "E_GedJnqJRE-00341-00079312-00079479": "following his remarkable greater than", "E_GedJnqJRE-00342-00079480-00079750": "12-year tenure as the nih director so he", "E_GedJnqJRE-00343-00079751-00080079": "had him back in the nhgri house", "E_GedJnqJRE-00344-00080080-00080343": "but his full-time status with us did not", "E_GedJnqJRE-00345-00080344-00080567": "even last three months", "E_GedJnqJRE-00346-00080568-00080823": "and in february francis boomerang back", "E_GedJnqJRE-00347-00080824-00081023": "out of here agreed to serve as the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00348-00081024-00081215": "acting science advisor to president", "E_GedJnqJRE-00349-00081216-00081431": "biden an acting co-chair of the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00350-00081432-00081606": "president's council on advisors and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00351-00081607-00081782": "science and technology", "E_GedJnqJRE-00352-00081783-00081959": "well i can tell you that as he did", "E_GedJnqJRE-00353-00081960-00082255": "throughout his roughly 12 years as nih", "E_GedJnqJRE-00354-00082256-00082503": "director francis will continue to direct", "E_GedJnqJRE-00355-00082504-00082791": "his nhgri based research laboratory", "E_GedJnqJRE-00356-00082792-00082999": "while also providing continued service", "E_GedJnqJRE-00357-00083000-00083247": "to our country in yet another crucial", "E_GedJnqJRE-00358-00083248-00083638": "scientific leadership role", "E_GedJnqJRE-00359-00083639-00083847": "and then in a related way elijah nelson", "E_GedJnqJRE-00360-00083848-00083999": "has been named the acting director of", "E_GedJnqJRE-00361-00084000-00084159": "the white house office of science and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00362-00084160-00084455": "technology policy or ostp with plans for", "E_GedJnqJRE-00363-00084456-00084662": "her to serve in this capacity until a", "E_GedJnqJRE-00364-00084663-00084862": "permanent director is nominated and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00365-00084863-00084991": "confirmed", "E_GedJnqJRE-00366-00084992-00085247": "under her leadership osdp's six policy", "E_GedJnqJRE-00367-00085248-00085391": "divisions will advance critical", "E_GedJnqJRE-00368-00085392-00085615": "administration priorities in science and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00369-00085616-00085735": "technology", "E_GedJnqJRE-00370-00085736-00085926": "and elijah was also named deputy", "E_GedJnqJRE-00371-00085927-00086103": "assistant to the president", "E_GedJnqJRE-00372-00086104-00086350": "a renowned scholar of science technology", "E_GedJnqJRE-00373-00086351-00086623": "medicine and social inequality she has", "E_GedJnqJRE-00374-00086624-00086782": "already been serving as the deputy", "E_GedJnqJRE-00375-00086783-00087094": "director of the newly created ostp", "E_GedJnqJRE-00376-00087095-00087575": "science and society division", "E_GedJnqJRE-00377-00087576-00087775": "and then in february robert calif was", "E_GedJnqJRE-00378-00087776-00087950": "sworn in as the commissioner of the u.s", "E_GedJnqJRE-00379-00087951-00088223": "food and drug administration or fda", "E_GedJnqJRE-00380-00088224-00088455": "previously rob served in this capacity", "E_GedJnqJRE-00381-00088456-00088750": "from february of 2016 until january of", "E_GedJnqJRE-00382-00088751-00088911": "2017", "E_GedJnqJRE-00383-00088912-00089126": "prior to joining the fda this time he", "E_GedJnqJRE-00384-00089127-00089311": "was head of medical strategy and senior", "E_GedJnqJRE-00385-00089312-00089550": "advisor and alphabet incorporated and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00386-00089551-00089711": "professor of medicine and vice", "E_GedJnqJRE-00387-00089712-00089823": "chancellor for clinical and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00388-00089824-00090015": "translational research at duke", "E_GedJnqJRE-00389-00090016-00090471": "university", "E_GedJnqJRE-00390-00090472-00090782": "then in april uh norman or as he's", "E_GedJnqJRE-00391-00090783-00091023": "referred to as ned sharpless stepped", "E_GedJnqJRE-00392-00091024-00091199": "down as the 15th director of the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00393-00091200-00091431": "national cancer institute or nci a", "E_GedJnqJRE-00394-00091432-00091782": "position he had held since 2017.", "E_GedJnqJRE-00395-00091783-00092006": "ned also served as acting commissioner", "E_GedJnqJRE-00396-00092007-00092262": "of the fda for seven months in 2019", "E_GedJnqJRE-00397-00092263-00092559": "before returning to the nci directorship", "E_GedJnqJRE-00398-00092560-00092815": "at nih he championed health equity", "E_GedJnqJRE-00399-00092816-00092974": "developed important programs in data", "E_GedJnqJRE-00400-00092975-00093238": "science and advocated forcefully for", "E_GedJnqJRE-00401-00093239-00093447": "policies to ensure continued support for", "E_GedJnqJRE-00402-00093448-00093638": "investigator initiated research and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00403-00093639-00093847": "diversity in the cancer research", "E_GedJnqJRE-00404-00093848-00094038": "workforce", "E_GedJnqJRE-00405-00094039-00094311": "nci principal deputy director doug loewy", "E_GedJnqJRE-00406-00094312-00094559": "will now once again serve as acting", "E_GedJnqJRE-00407-00094560-00094823": "director until the new nci director is", "E_GedJnqJRE-00408-00094824-00094943": "appointed", "E_GedJnqJRE-00409-00094944-00095103": "serving as acting director is something", "E_GedJnqJRE-00410-00095104-00095294": "doug has a lot of experience doing over", "E_GedJnqJRE-00411-00095295-00095535": "the years", "E_GedJnqJRE-00412-00095536-00095759": "and actually in news of today and i", "E_GedJnqJRE-00413-00095760-00095959": "actually just saw the press release or a", "E_GedJnqJRE-00414-00095960-00096255": "press announcement come into my inbox", "E_GedJnqJRE-00415-00096256-00096487": "today julie gerberding assumes the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00416-00096488-00096743": "position of chief executive officer of", "E_GedJnqJRE-00417-00096744-00097135": "the foundation for nih or fnih now fnih", "E_GedJnqJRE-00418-00097136-00097318": "raises funds and creates and manages", "E_GedJnqJRE-00419-00097319-00097511": "alliances with public and private", "E_GedJnqJRE-00420-00097512-00097862": "institutions in support of nih's mission", "E_GedJnqJRE-00421-00097863-00098038": "all right now julie previously served as", "E_GedJnqJRE-00422-00098039-00098247": "chief patient officer and executive vice", "E_GedJnqJRE-00423-00098248-00098431": "president for population health and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00424-00098432-00098655": "sustainability at merck", "E_GedJnqJRE-00425-00098656-00098887": "prior to that she headed work vaccine", "E_GedJnqJRE-00426-00098888-00099006": "division", "E_GedJnqJRE-00427-00099007-00099255": "earlier she was the first woman to serve", "E_GedJnqJRE-00428-00099256-00099487": "as the cdc director", "E_GedJnqJRE-00429-00099488-00099671": "her distinguished career has earned her", "E_GedJnqJRE-00430-00099672-00099911": "global recognition for example she has", "E_GedJnqJRE-00431-00099912-00100159": "been included in forbes magazine's 100", "E_GedJnqJRE-00432-00100160-00100391": "most powerful women in the world and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00433-00100392-00100647": "time magazine's 100 most influential", "E_GedJnqJRE-00434-00100648-00101103": "people in the world", "E_GedJnqJRE-00435-00101104-00101374": "then on the policy front nih is", "E_GedJnqJRE-00436-00101375-00101606": "implementing a general provision in the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00437-00101607-00101926": "2022 consolidated appropriations act", "E_GedJnqJRE-00438-00101927-00102223": "that makes reporting to nih by nih", "E_GedJnqJRE-00439-00102224-00102590": "funded institutions mandatory quote when", "E_GedJnqJRE-00440-00102591-00102830": "individuals identified as a principal", "E_GedJnqJRE-00441-00102831-00103094": "investigator or key personnel in an nih", "E_GedJnqJRE-00442-00103095-00103327": "notice of award are removed from their", "E_GedJnqJRE-00443-00103328-00103575": "position or otherwise disciplined due to", "E_GedJnqJRE-00444-00103576-00103894": "concerns about harassment bullying", "E_GedJnqJRE-00445-00103895-00104127": "retaliation or hostile working", "E_GedJnqJRE-00446-00104128-00104342": "conditions end a quote", "E_GedJnqJRE-00447-00104343-00104606": "now previously nih lacked clear", "E_GedJnqJRE-00448-00104607-00104839": "authority to require funded institutions", "E_GedJnqJRE-00449-00104840-00105039": "to report to nih whether personnel", "E_GedJnqJRE-00450-00105040-00105334": "changes to an nih grant are related to", "E_GedJnqJRE-00451-00105335-00105463": "harassment", "E_GedJnqJRE-00452-00105464-00105710": "passage of this bill into law ensures", "E_GedJnqJRE-00453-00105711-00105951": "nih is made aware when the reason for", "E_GedJnqJRE-00454-00105952-00106223": "the personnel change is harassment and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00455-00106224-00106447": "therefore strengthens nih's ability to", "E_GedJnqJRE-00456-00106448-00106647": "take the necessary action", "E_GedJnqJRE-00457-00106648-00106766": "to ensure", "E_GedJnqJRE-00458-00106767-00107054": "in safe work environments wherever nih", "E_GedJnqJRE-00459-00107055-00107263": "funded activities are conducted", "E_GedJnqJRE-00460-00107264-00107471": "this is an important milestone in", "E_GedJnqJRE-00461-00107472-00107727": "support of nih's commitment to do what", "E_GedJnqJRE-00462-00107728-00108007": "we can do to end harassment and improve", "E_GedJnqJRE-00463-00108008-00108454": "civility in biomedical research", "E_GedJnqJRE-00464-00108455-00108678": "moving on to budget and appropriations", "E_GedJnqJRE-00465-00108679-00108910": "now at the time of the february council", "E_GedJnqJRE-00466-00108911-00109110": "meeting the government was operating", "E_GedJnqJRE-00467-00109111-00109343": "under a continuing resolution", "E_GedJnqJRE-00468-00109344-00109566": "on march 15th though president biden", "E_GedJnqJRE-00469-00109567-00109863": "signed a fiscal year 2022 omnibus", "E_GedJnqJRE-00470-00109864-00110166": "appropriations bill into law", "E_GedJnqJRE-00471-00110167-00110695": "the bill included a 5.3 increase for nih", "E_GedJnqJRE-00472-00110696-00110943": "along with an increase of no less than", "E_GedJnqJRE-00473-00110944-00111254": "3.4 percent for each nih institute and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00474-00111255-00111407": "center", "E_GedJnqJRE-00475-00111408-00111702": "nhgri received a 3.8", "E_GedJnqJRE-00476-00111703-00111923": "increase bringing our total budget to", "E_GedJnqJRE-00477-00111924-00112390": "639 million dollars in fiscal year 2022.", "E_GedJnqJRE-00478-00112391-00112695": "the bill also appropriated 1 billion", "E_GedJnqJRE-00479-00112696-00112943": "for advanced research projects agency", "E_GedJnqJRE-00480-00112944-00113215": "for health or arpa h something i'll be", "E_GedJnqJRE-00481-00113216-00113454": "talking about more in my next slide", "E_GedJnqJRE-00482-00113455-00113783": "now president biden's fiscal year 2023", "E_GedJnqJRE-00483-00113783-00114015": "budget request was unveiled on march", "E_GedJnqJRE-00484-00114016-00114271": "28th reflecting the white house's", "E_GedJnqJRE-00485-00114272-00114463": "priorities and serving as an opening", "E_GedJnqJRE-00486-00114464-00114702": "gambit for the appropriations process", "E_GedJnqJRE-00487-00114703-00114895": "for next fiscal year", "E_GedJnqJRE-00488-00114896-00115127": "the budget does not have granularity at", "E_GedJnqJRE-00489-00115128-00115375": "the level of individual nih institutes", "E_GedJnqJRE-00490-00115376-00115639": "and centers but does propose a top-line", "E_GedJnqJRE-00491-00115640-00115975": "budget of 49 billion dollars for nih now", "E_GedJnqJRE-00492-00115976-00116151": "while this would this would reflect a", "E_GedJnqJRE-00493-00116152-00116407": "nearly nine percent increase for nih", "E_GedJnqJRE-00494-00116408-00116519": "overall", "E_GedJnqJRE-00495-00116520-00116710": "such an increase would include", "E_GedJnqJRE-00496-00116711-00117007": "additional funding for rph", "E_GedJnqJRE-00497-00117008-00117207": "now news outlets report that house and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00498-00117208-00117383": "senate appropriators are meeting to", "E_GedJnqJRE-00499-00117383-00117607": "begin discussions on the fiscal year", "E_GedJnqJRE-00500-00117608-00117975": "2023 budget limit so stay tuned for more", "E_GedJnqJRE-00501-00117976-00118334": "information in the months ahead", "E_GedJnqJRE-00502-00118335-00118631": "now very much related to the fiscal year", "E_GedJnqJRE-00503-00118632-00118934": "2022 budget is the recently authorized", "E_GedJnqJRE-00504-00118935-00119151": "advanced research projects agency for", "E_GedJnqJRE-00505-00119152-00119319": "health or rph", "E_GedJnqJRE-00506-00119320-00119575": "which aims to conduct high impact", "E_GedJnqJRE-00507-00119576-00119758": "biomedical and health research with a", "E_GedJnqJRE-00508-00119759-00120007": "mission quote to benefit the health of", "E_GedJnqJRE-00509-00120008-00120190": "all americans by catalyzing health", "E_GedJnqJRE-00510-00120191-00120390": "breakthroughs that cannot readily be", "E_GedJnqJRE-00511-00120391-00120519": "accomplished through traditional", "E_GedJnqJRE-00512-00120520-00120743": "research or commercial activity and a", "E_GedJnqJRE-00513-00120744-00120895": "quote", "E_GedJnqJRE-00514-00120896-00121110": "now last summer the office of science", "E_GedJnqJRE-00515-00121111-00121327": "and technology apology or ostp and the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00516-00121328-00121614": "nih published a commentary in science", "E_GedJnqJRE-00517-00121615-00121863": "outlining a vision for arpa-h", "E_GedJnqJRE-00518-00121864-00122119": "and also they also held information", "E_GedJnqJRE-00519-00122120-00122254": "sessions and numerous meetings with", "E_GedJnqJRE-00520-00122255-00122447": "different organizations and convened a", "E_GedJnqJRE-00521-00122448-00122647": "total of 16 listening sessions to get", "E_GedJnqJRE-00522-00122648-00122902": "community feedback including from", "E_GedJnqJRE-00523-00122903-00123151": "patient advocacy groups industry and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00524-00123152-00123439": "scientific professional organizations", "E_GedJnqJRE-00525-00123440-00123671": "all right as i mentioned the last slide", "E_GedJnqJRE-00526-00123672-00123958": "the fiscal year 22 omnibus provided one", "E_GedJnqJRE-00527-00123959-00124110": "billion dollars that will be available", "E_GedJnqJRE-00528-00124111-00124478": "for three years to launch arpa h", "E_GedJnqJRE-00529-00124479-00124623": "and i can tell you that the arpa age", "E_GedJnqJRE-00530-00124624-00124814": "director will be appointed by the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00531-00124815-00124990": "president and that's information that", "E_GedJnqJRE-00532-00124991-00125175": "came out in march and then most recently", "E_GedJnqJRE-00533-00125176-00125390": "in april the decision was made to", "E_GedJnqJRE-00534-00125391-00125686": "transfer arpa-h to nih and to have its", "E_GedJnqJRE-00535-00125688-00126047": "director reporting to the hhs secretary", "E_GedJnqJRE-00536-00126048-00126271": "and finally as i just mentioned the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00537-00126272-00126454": "president requested five billion dollars", "E_GedJnqJRE-00538-00126455-00126686": "in his fiscal year 2023 budget to", "E_GedJnqJRE-00539-00126688-00126927": "continue building arka-h", "E_GedJnqJRE-00540-00126928-00127183": "so lots happening lots more to come with", "E_GedJnqJRE-00541-00127183-00127383": "arpa h and this is the latest that we", "E_GedJnqJRE-00542-00127383-00127527": "know", "E_GedJnqJRE-00543-00127528-00127654": "so with that", "E_GedJnqJRE-00544-00127655-00127863": "i will now move on to some general", "E_GedJnqJRE-00545-00127864-00128199": "genomics updates", "E_GedJnqJRE-00546-00128200-00128447": "in march arthur rings of medical", "E_GedJnqJRE-00547-00128448-00128599": "researchers whose experiments with", "E_GedJnqJRE-00548-00128600-00128847": "recombinant dna led to the development", "E_GedJnqJRE-00549-00128848-00129143": "of synthetic insulin passed away he was", "E_GedJnqJRE-00550-00129144-00129295": "82 years old", "E_GedJnqJRE-00551-00129296-00129495": "his research across the field of medical", "E_GedJnqJRE-00552-00129496-00129702": "science has profoundly improved the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00553-00129703-00129839": "health and treatment", "E_GedJnqJRE-00554-00129840-00130054": "of millions of individuals with diabetes", "E_GedJnqJRE-00555-00130055-00130231": "and cancer and helped to launch the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00556-00130232-00130434": "genetic engineering revolution of the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00557-00130435-00130975": "biotechnology industry", "E_GedJnqJRE-00558-00130976-00131135": "the international common disease", "E_GedJnqJRE-00559-00131136-00131343": "alliance or icda is a scientific", "E_GedJnqJRE-00560-00131344-00131575": "consortium that aims to define barriers", "E_GedJnqJRE-00561-00131576-00131807": "to progress in tackling the maps to", "E_GedJnqJRE-00562-00131808-00132063": "mechanisms to medicines challenge", "E_GedJnqJRE-00563-00132064-00132295": "identify opportunities for new projects", "E_GedJnqJRE-00564-00132296-00132447": "and facilitate international", "E_GedJnqJRE-00565-00132448-00132631": "collaborations", "E_GedJnqJRE-00566-00132632-00132887": "in march the isda held its second", "E_GedJnqJRE-00567-00132888-00133119": "virtual scientific plenary meeting which", "E_GedJnqJRE-00568-00133120-00133278": "consisted of presentations and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00569-00133279-00133423": "discussions focused on current", "E_GedJnqJRE-00570-00133424-00133663": "challenges and successes in advancing", "E_GedJnqJRE-00571-00133664-00133878": "genetic maps international genomics", "E_GedJnqJRE-00572-00133879-00134127": "resources analytical methods", "E_GedJnqJRE-00573-00134128-00134335": "and cellular models for maps to", "E_GedJnqJRE-00574-00134336-00134623": "mechanisms to medicines", "E_GedJnqJRE-00575-00134624-00134878": "the new icda executive committee was", "E_GedJnqJRE-00576-00134879-00135071": "announced as part of the plenary meeting", "E_GedJnqJRE-00577-00135072-00135287": "which now consists of the individuals", "E_GedJnqJRE-00578-00135288-00135447": "shown here", "E_GedJnqJRE-00579-00135448-00135711": "and as one of their first activities the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00580-00135712-00135887": "executive committee hosted a series of", "E_GedJnqJRE-00581-00135888-00136111": "virtual community town halls", "E_GedJnqJRE-00582-00136112-00136319": "in april and i can tell you that the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00583-00136320-00136495": "video recordings of the plenary meeting", "E_GedJnqJRE-00584-00136496-00136663": "and the community town halls can be", "E_GedJnqJRE-00585-00136664-00137351": "found on the icda youtube channel", "E_GedJnqJRE-00586-00137352-00137639": "uh the global biodata coalition or jbc", "E_GedJnqJRE-00587-00137640-00137887": "the gbc was established as a coalition", "E_GedJnqJRE-00588-00137888-00138135": "of life sciences and biomedical research", "E_GedJnqJRE-00589-00138136-00138343": "funders that aims to optimize the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00590-00138344-00138559": "funding and management of biodata", "E_GedJnqJRE-00591-00138560-00138759": "resources worldwide", "E_GedJnqJRE-00592-00138760-00139071": "now the gbc has two priority aims first", "E_GedJnqJRE-00593-00139072-00139199": "to better coordinate and share", "E_GedJnqJRE-00594-00139200-00139390": "approaches for efficient management and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00595-00139391-00139631": "growth of the biodata infrastructure and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00596-00139632-00139854": "two to stabilize and ensure sustainable", "E_GedJnqJRE-00597-00139855-00140119": "financial support for the global biodata", "E_GedJnqJRE-00598-00140120-00140287": "infrastructure", "E_GedJnqJRE-00599-00140288-00140431": "it is an important step in its", "E_GedJnqJRE-00600-00140432-00140719": "maturation last month gbc appointed guy", "E_GedJnqJRE-00601-00140720-00140959": "cochran as its founding executive", "E_GedJnqJRE-00602-00140960-00141071": "director", "E_GedJnqJRE-00603-00141072-00141271": "now guy has over two decades of", "E_GedJnqJRE-00604-00141272-00141439": "experience working with and leading", "E_GedJnqJRE-00605-00141440-00141702": "biodata resources and as an authority on", "E_GedJnqJRE-00606-00141703-00141895": "large-scale international genome", "E_GedJnqJRE-00607-00141896-00142414": "sequence data sharing", "E_GedJnqJRE-00608-00142415-00142678": "the u.s national academies of sciences", "E_GedJnqJRE-00609-00142679-00142854": "recently announced their newly elected", "E_GedJnqJRE-00610-00142855-00142951": "members", "E_GedJnqJRE-00611-00142952-00143183": "of particular interests to nhgri and the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00612-00143184-00143359": "genomics community are the individuals", "E_GedJnqJRE-00613-00143360-00143502": "listed here", "E_GedJnqJRE-00614-00143503-00143831": "note two former members of this advisory", "E_GedJnqJRE-00615-00143832-00144111": "council among this group mark johnston", "E_GedJnqJRE-00616-00144112-00144287": "and jay shinduri", "E_GedJnqJRE-00617-00144288-00144495": "and in addition nhgri is particularly", "E_GedJnqJRE-00618-00144496-00144783": "proud to see julie segrete on this list", "E_GedJnqJRE-00619-00144784-00144951": "as many of you know julia is a senior", "E_GedJnqJRE-00620-00144952-00145175": "investigator and branch chief within the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00621-00145176-00145439": "institute's intramural research program", "E_GedJnqJRE-00622-00145440-00145702": "so congratulations to all of those", "E_GedJnqJRE-00623-00145703-00145935": "individuals", "E_GedJnqJRE-00624-00145936-00146175": "and with that i will now move on", "E_GedJnqJRE-00625-00146176-00146423": "to some uh summaries about the nhri", "E_GedJnqJRE-00626-00146424-00146799": "extramural research program", "E_GedJnqJRE-00627-00146800-00147039": "the centers for excellence in genomic", "E_GedJnqJRE-00628-00147040-00147359": "science or segs program supports the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00629-00147360-00147551": "interdisciplinary research teams for", "E_GedJnqJRE-00630-00147552-00147743": "developing highly innovative approaches", "E_GedJnqJRE-00631-00147744-00148007": "in genomics research and nhgri recently", "E_GedJnqJRE-00632-00148008-00148239": "made three awards at institutions that", "E_GedJnqJRE-00633-00148240-00148502": "had not previously been part of the segs", "E_GedJnqJRE-00634-00148503-00148775": "program all using the designated", "E_GedJnqJRE-00635-00148776-00149126": "emerging segs or esegs funds", "E_GedJnqJRE-00636-00149127-00149454": "these awards went to the center for live", "E_GedJnqJRE-00637-00149455-00149599": "cell genomics at university of", "E_GedJnqJRE-00638-00149600-00149775": "california santa cruz", "E_GedJnqJRE-00639-00149776-00150063": "the center for admixture science and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00640-00150064-00150214": "technology at the university of", "E_GedJnqJRE-00641-00150215-00150390": "california san diego", "E_GedJnqJRE-00642-00150391-00150590": "and the center for genomic information", "E_GedJnqJRE-00643-00150591-00150799": "encoded by rna", "E_GedJnqJRE-00644-00150800-00151031": "nucleotide modification at wild medical", "E_GedJnqJRE-00645-00151032-00151351": "college at cornell university", "E_GedJnqJRE-00646-00151352-00151590": "and this past march nhgri reissued the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00647-00151591-00151751": "funding opportunity announcement for the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00648-00151752-00151935": "sags program for an additional three", "E_GedJnqJRE-00649-00151936-00152263": "years the next due date is june 22nd of", "E_GedJnqJRE-00650-00152264-00152711": "2022", "E_GedJnqJRE-00651-00152712-00152854": "the clinical sequencing", "E_GedJnqJRE-00652-00152855-00153054": "evidence-generating research or caesar", "E_GedJnqJRE-00653-00153055-00153271": "program aims to generate evidence", "E_GedJnqJRE-00654-00153272-00153414": "related to the clinical utility of", "E_GedJnqJRE-00655-00153415-00153654": "genome sequencing with a major emphasis", "E_GedJnqJRE-00656-00153655-00154007": "on participant diversity and engagement", "E_GedJnqJRE-00657-00154008-00154278": "in november 2021 cesar investigators", "E_GedJnqJRE-00658-00154279-00154463": "from the hudson alpha south seek", "E_GedJnqJRE-00659-00154464-00154783": "clinical site published a paper about", "E_GedJnqJRE-00660-00154784-00154983": "the utility of genome sequencing as a", "E_GedJnqJRE-00661-00154984-00155166": "first-line diagnostic test for", "E_GedJnqJRE-00662-00155167-00155351": "critically ill infants", "E_GedJnqJRE-00663-00155352-00155551": "while genome sequencing is becoming less", "E_GedJnqJRE-00664-00155552-00155766": "common as a diagnostic tool", "E_GedJnqJRE-00665-00155767-00155990": "for pediatric patients it is less often", "E_GedJnqJRE-00666-00155991-00156190": "used for the medical management of", "E_GedJnqJRE-00667-00156191-00156359": "infants", "E_GedJnqJRE-00668-00156360-00156551": "now the southsea study focused on", "E_GedJnqJRE-00669-00156552-00156735": "evaluating the utility of genome", "E_GedJnqJRE-00670-00156736-00156926": "sequencing in one of the largest cohorts", "E_GedJnqJRE-00671-00156927-00157166": "of infants in the neonatal intensive", "E_GedJnqJRE-00672-00157167-00157519": "care units which included 74 racial", "E_GedJnqJRE-00673-00157520-00157847": "ethnic minority or world participants", "E_GedJnqJRE-00674-00157848-00158054": "the investigators described the results", "E_GedJnqJRE-00675-00158055-00158326": "for 367 infants tested by genome", "E_GedJnqJRE-00676-00158327-00158623": "sequencing of these 30 received a", "E_GedJnqJRE-00677-00158624-00158839": "genetic diagnosis", "E_GedJnqJRE-00678-00158840-00159119": "additionally 50 7 of the detected", "E_GedJnqJRE-00679-00159120-00159407": "genomic variants were not detected by", "E_GedJnqJRE-00680-00159408-00159647": "other genetic tests", "E_GedJnqJRE-00681-00159648-00159871": "and this study extends previous work by", "E_GedJnqJRE-00682-00159872-00160054": "recruiting participants from ethnically", "E_GedJnqJRE-00683-00160055-00160254": "and racially diverse backgrounds as well", "E_GedJnqJRE-00684-00160255-00160887": "as rural medically underserved areas", "E_GedJnqJRE-00685-00160888-00161126": "the clinical genome resource or clingen", "E_GedJnqJRE-00686-00161127-00161302": "evaluates and disseminates the clinical", "E_GedJnqJRE-00687-00161303-00161495": "relevance of genes and genomic variants", "E_GedJnqJRE-00688-00161496-00161663": "for use in precision medicine and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00689-00161664-00161783": "research", "E_GedJnqJRE-00690-00161784-00161966": "clingen is committed to promoting", "E_GedJnqJRE-00691-00161967-00162159": "justice equity diversity and inclusion", "E_GedJnqJRE-00692-00162160-00162439": "in all aspects of its ecosystem from the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00693-00162440-00162654": "tools it generates to the workforce it", "E_GedJnqJRE-00694-00162655-00162814": "develops", "E_GedJnqJRE-00695-00162815-00162999": "to emphasize its commitment to these", "E_GedJnqJRE-00696-00163000-00163247": "values the clingen ancestry and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00697-00163248-00163447": "diversity working group with input from", "E_GedJnqJRE-00698-00163448-00163607": "clingen steering committee and other", "E_GedJnqJRE-00699-00163608-00163823": "members of the clinton consortium", "E_GedJnqJRE-00700-00163824-00164063": "led the development of a justice equity", "E_GedJnqJRE-00701-00164064-00164343": "diversity and inclusion action plan this", "E_GedJnqJRE-00702-00164344-00164566": "plan provides a roadmap of measurable", "E_GedJnqJRE-00703-00164567-00164775": "and actionable goals for clingen to", "E_GedJnqJRE-00704-00164776-00165135": "pursue in three key domains", "E_GedJnqJRE-00705-00165136-00165375": "first contribute data", "E_GedJnqJRE-00706-00165376-00165551": "tools and resources to the genomic", "E_GedJnqJRE-00707-00165552-00165775": "knowledge base that will enhance equity", "E_GedJnqJRE-00708-00165776-00165935": "in patient care across global", "E_GedJnqJRE-00709-00165936-00166111": "populations", "E_GedJnqJRE-00710-00166112-00166351": "second develop recommendations for use", "E_GedJnqJRE-00711-00166352-00166543": "of population descriptors in genetics", "E_GedJnqJRE-00712-00166544-00166711": "and genomics", "E_GedJnqJRE-00713-00166712-00166926": "and third foster diversity equity and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00714-00166927-00167078": "inclusion in the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00715-00167079-00167311": "clingen workforce", "E_GedJnqJRE-00716-00167312-00167543": "clingen also assembled the justice", "E_GedJnqJRE-00717-00167544-00167759": "equity diversity and inclusion advisory", "E_GedJnqJRE-00718-00167760-00167943": "board to review the content of the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00719-00167944-00168199": "generated plan to identify gaps and to", "E_GedJnqJRE-00720-00168200-00168407": "provide advice as clingen embarks on", "E_GedJnqJRE-00721-00168408-00168638": "implementing these goals and as such the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00722-00168639-00168799": "plan is undergoing review and may be", "E_GedJnqJRE-00723-00168800-00169023": "refined in the future and the plan and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00724-00169024-00169231": "advisory board roster can be viewed on", "E_GedJnqJRE-00725-00169232-00169671": "the clingen website", "E_GedJnqJRE-00726-00169672-00169838": "the global genomic medicine", "E_GedJnqJRE-00727-00169839-00170143": "collaborative or ggmc was established in", "E_GedJnqJRE-00728-00170144-00170375": "2016 to create a community of global", "E_GedJnqJRE-00729-00170376-00170599": "leaders dedicated to advancing genomic", "E_GedJnqJRE-00730-00170600-00170807": "medicine implementation", "E_GedJnqJRE-00731-00170808-00171023": "the organization was started within the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00732-00171024-00171238": "u.s national academies of medicine and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00733-00171239-00171454": "supported by nih", "E_GedJnqJRE-00734-00171455-00171743": "now ggmc aims to realize the full", "E_GedJnqJRE-00735-00171744-00171990": "potential of genomic medicine worldwide", "E_GedJnqJRE-00736-00171991-00172175": "for improving individual and population", "E_GedJnqJRE-00737-00172176-00172375": "health with a mission to identify", "E_GedJnqJRE-00738-00172376-00172607": "barriers and solutions lead and develop", "E_GedJnqJRE-00739-00172608-00172814": "programs and leverage global expertise", "E_GedJnqJRE-00740-00172815-00173014": "to bring genomic medicine to low", "E_GedJnqJRE-00741-00173015-00173263": "resource settings worldwide through", "E_GedJnqJRE-00742-00173264-00173487": "educational programs policy development", "E_GedJnqJRE-00743-00173488-00173726": "and implementation science", "E_GedJnqJRE-00744-00173727-00174078": "now ggmc expanded in 2018 to include", "E_GedJnqJRE-00745-00174079-00174295": "more observational components", "E_GedJnqJRE-00746-00174296-00174566": "kneading together large cohort studies", "E_GedJnqJRE-00747-00174567-00174743": "such as the all of us research program", "E_GedJnqJRE-00748-00174744-00175031": "the uk biobank and over 70 global", "E_GedJnqJRE-00749-00175032-00175143": "cohorts", "E_GedJnqJRE-00750-00175144-00175375": "in the international 100k cohort", "E_GedJnqJRE-00751-00175376-00175678": "consortium or ihcc", "E_GedJnqJRE-00752-00175679-00175943": "and recently the ggmc board of directors", "E_GedJnqJRE-00753-00175944-00176151": "decided to establish ggfc as an", "E_GedJnqJRE-00754-00176152-00176407": "organization housing additional programs", "E_GedJnqJRE-00755-00176408-00176607": "with a common thread of genomic medicine", "E_GedJnqJRE-00756-00176608-00176759": "implementation", "E_GedJnqJRE-00757-00176760-00176959": "it provides financial management and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00758-00176960-00177126": "operational support for a variety of", "E_GedJnqJRE-00759-00177127-00177247": "programs", "E_GedJnqJRE-00760-00177248-00177471": "also its genomic medicine implementation", "E_GedJnqJRE-00761-00177472-00177743": "arm was recast as the global", "E_GedJnqJRE-00762-00177744-00178231": "genomic medicine consortium or g2mc", "E_GedJnqJRE-00763-00178232-00178447": "other potential programs may be added at", "E_GedJnqJRE-00764-00178448-00178575": "a later date", "E_GedJnqJRE-00765-00178576-00178831": "and more information about all of this", "E_GedJnqJRE-00766-00178832-00179175": "is available on the organization's 2021", "E_GedJnqJRE-00767-00179176-00179623": "annual report", "E_GedJnqJRE-00768-00179624-00179823": "nhgri's technology development program", "E_GedJnqJRE-00769-00179824-00179999": "continues to enable the development of", "E_GedJnqJRE-00770-00180000-00180214": "new and improved technologies fostering", "E_GedJnqJRE-00771-00180215-00180447": "genomic discovery", "E_GedJnqJRE-00772-00180448-00180671": "nhgri in collaboration with the national", "E_GedJnqJRE-00773-00180672-00180807": "cancer institute and the national", "E_GedJnqJRE-00774-00180808-00180943": "institute of allergy and infectious", "E_GedJnqJRE-00775-00180944-00181071": "diseases", "E_GedJnqJRE-00776-00181072-00181351": "has three open funding opportunities", "E_GedJnqJRE-00777-00181352-00181575": "designed to accelerate innovation and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00778-00181576-00181711": "early development in the rapidly", "E_GedJnqJRE-00779-00181712-00181887": "emerging field of single molecule", "E_GedJnqJRE-00780-00181888-00182063": "protein sequencing", "E_GedJnqJRE-00781-00182064-00182238": "and the next application due date for", "E_GedJnqJRE-00782-00182239-00182711": "these activities is june 15 2022.", "E_GedJnqJRE-00783-00182712-00182911": "nhgri also supports technology", "E_GedJnqJRE-00784-00182912-00183095": "development more broadly through parent", "E_GedJnqJRE-00785-00183096-00183263": "funding announcements and through", "E_GedJnqJRE-00786-00183264-00183438": "targeted announcements such as the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00787-00183439-00183647": "advancing genomic technology development", "E_GedJnqJRE-00788-00183648-00183935": "notice of special interest or no see and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00789-00183936-00184199": "this genomic technology nosy uses the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00790-00184200-00184647": "standard receipt dates", "E_GedJnqJRE-00791-00184648-00184807": "the recently funded technology", "E_GedJnqJRE-00792-00184808-00185138": "development coordinating center or", "E_GedJnqJRE-00793-00185139-00185454": "dtdcc at the jackson laboratory has", "E_GedJnqJRE-00794-00185455-00185814": "organized two virtual outreach events", "E_GedJnqJRE-00795-00185815-00186214": "on march 23rd nhgri and the tdcc are", "E_GedJnqJRE-00796-00186215-00186447": "hosting a technology area forum", "E_GedJnqJRE-00797-00186448-00186695": "entitled understanding cells in context", "E_GedJnqJRE-00798-00186696-00186943": "facial transcriptomics the event will", "E_GedJnqJRE-00799-00186944-00187111": "highlight the strengths and limitations", "E_GedJnqJRE-00800-00187112-00187326": "of current dna sequencing and imaging", "E_GedJnqJRE-00801-00187327-00187575": "based methods that are used in spatial", "E_GedJnqJRE-00802-00187576-00187831": "gene expression profiling", "E_GedJnqJRE-00803-00187832-00188007": "and then on july", "E_GedJnqJRE-00804-00188008-00188350": "7th the tdcc will be hosting a virtual", "E_GedJnqJRE-00805-00188351-00188511": "symposium on understanding recent", "E_GedJnqJRE-00806-00188512-00188654": "advances in genome technology", "E_GedJnqJRE-00807-00188655-00188766": "development", "E_GedJnqJRE-00808-00188767-00188935": "biomedical researchers learners and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00809-00188936-00189054": "clinical providers will have an", "E_GedJnqJRE-00810-00189055-00189223": "opportunity to gain a fundamental", "E_GedJnqJRE-00811-00189224-00189431": "understanding of how new genomic", "E_GedJnqJRE-00812-00189432-00189654": "technologies are utilized and hear about", "E_GedJnqJRE-00813-00189655-00189847": "emerging opportunities and challenges in", "E_GedJnqJRE-00814-00189848-00189966": "the field", "E_GedJnqJRE-00815-00189967-00190175": "and both of these events are free and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00816-00190176-00190319": "they're virtual and they're open to the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00817-00190320-00190871": "public although registration is required", "E_GedJnqJRE-00818-00190872-00191087": "nhgri small business program awards", "E_GedJnqJRE-00819-00191088-00191254": "grants to support the work of genomics", "E_GedJnqJRE-00820-00191255-00191463": "companies related to commercialization", "E_GedJnqJRE-00821-00191464-00191638": "as well as for technology transfer of", "E_GedJnqJRE-00822-00191639-00191854": "academic innovations", "E_GedJnqJRE-00823-00191855-00192038": "and this year i often showcases our", "E_GedJnqJRE-00824-00192039-00192254": "small business grantees through products", "E_GedJnqJRE-00825-00192255-00192535": "created by our office of communications", "E_GedJnqJRE-00826-00192536-00192743": "for example genome sequencing techniques", "E_GedJnqJRE-00827-00192744-00192911": "and technologies developed by the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00828-00192912-00193214": "companies circulomics aroma genomics and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00829-00193215-00193438": "dovetail genomics were instrumental in", "E_GedJnqJRE-00830-00193439-00193623": "contributing to the recent generation of", "E_GedJnqJRE-00831-00193624-00193887": "a truly complete human genome sequence", "E_GedJnqJRE-00832-00193888-00194063": "and a recent feature article on our", "E_GedJnqJRE-00833-00194064-00194311": "website genome.gov tells the story of", "E_GedJnqJRE-00834-00194312-00194543": "how their work is fueling such important", "E_GedJnqJRE-00835-00194544-00195014": "advances in genomics", "E_GedJnqJRE-00836-00195015-00195223": "nhgri aims to prepare a talented and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00837-00195224-00195414": "diverse genomics workforce by providing", "E_GedJnqJRE-00838-00195415-00195590": "both institutional and individual", "E_GedJnqJRE-00839-00195591-00195814": "funding through a variety of mechanisms", "E_GedJnqJRE-00840-00195815-00196031": "including individual fellowships and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00841-00196032-00196247": "career development awards institutional", "E_GedJnqJRE-00842-00196248-00196495": "awards and diversity supplements", "E_GedJnqJRE-00843-00196496-00196623": "and programs are offered at the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00844-00196624-00196823": "undergraduate post-baccalaureate and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00845-00196824-00197071": "graduate post-doctoral and faculty", "E_GedJnqJRE-00846-00197072-00197207": "levels", "E_GedJnqJRE-00847-00197208-00197414": "while the seventh annual training and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00848-00197415-00197678": "career program meeting was re was", "E_GedJnqJRE-00849-00197679-00197919": "recently held at duke university the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00850-00197920-00198119": "meeting gathered over 200 in-person", "E_GedJnqJRE-00851-00198120-00198511": "attendees and over 150 virtual attendees", "E_GedJnqJRE-00852-00198512-00198719": "and nhgri supported trainees presented", "E_GedJnqJRE-00853-00198720-00198847": "their research and met with other", "E_GedJnqJRE-00854-00198848-00199087": "trainees and researchers from across the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00855-00199088-00199302": "nhgri training programs", "E_GedJnqJRE-00856-00199303-00199502": "and the trainees that participated", "E_GedJnqJRE-00857-00199503-00199647": "included those from the centers of", "E_GedJnqJRE-00858-00199648-00199799": "excellence and ethical legal and social", "E_GedJnqJRE-00859-00199800-00199999": "implications research program the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00860-00200000-00200319": "diversity action plan programs the t-32", "E_GedJnqJRE-00861-00200320-00200495": "training programs and individual", "E_GedJnqJRE-00862-00200496-00200638": "awardees of fellowships and career", "E_GedJnqJRE-00863-00200639-00200783": "development grants", "E_GedJnqJRE-00864-00200784-00200950": "the trainees presented posters gave", "E_GedJnqJRE-00865-00200951-00201095": "lightning talks", "E_GedJnqJRE-00866-00201096-00201238": "and attended scientific lectures", "E_GedJnqJRE-00867-00201239-00201414": "presented by their peers", "E_GedJnqJRE-00868-00201415-00201590": "and other highlights included keynote", "E_GedJnqJRE-00869-00201591-00201814": "talks network lunches and various", "E_GedJnqJRE-00870-00201815-00202214": "concurrent sessions", "E_GedJnqJRE-00871-00202215-00202495": "nhgri has developed a new awards program", "E_GedJnqJRE-00872-00202496-00202726": "to recognize extramural investigators", "E_GedJnqJRE-00873-00202727-00202950": "who are making sustained and substantial", "E_GedJnqJRE-00874-00202951-00203190": "contributions to enhancing diversity", "E_GedJnqJRE-00875-00203191-00203450": "equity inclusion and accessibility or a", "E_GedJnqJRE-00876-00203451-00203807": "deia in the genomics workforce", "E_GedJnqJRE-00877-00203808-00204063": "the genomics workforce deia award will", "E_GedJnqJRE-00878-00204064-00204319": "recognize an extraordinary an extramural", "E_GedJnqJRE-00879-00204320-00204511": "early stage investigator and an", "E_GedJnqJRE-00880-00204512-00204695": "established investigator or group of", "E_GedJnqJRE-00881-00204696-00204990": "investigators annually that exemplify", "E_GedJnqJRE-00882-00204991-00205151": "their commitment to enhancing the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00883-00205152-00205398": "diversity of the genomics workforce", "E_GedJnqJRE-00884-00205400-00205638": "to be considered for the award a nominee", "E_GedJnqJRE-00885-00205639-00205919": "must have an nhgri grant funding and the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00886-00205919-00206110": "due date for nominations is september", "E_GedJnqJRE-00887-00206111-00206294": "1st 2022", "E_GedJnqJRE-00888-00206296-00206471": "the program is being administered by the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00889-00206471-00206662": "training diversity and health equity or", "E_GedJnqJRE-00890-00206663-00206934": "tied office at nhri which aims to", "E_GedJnqJRE-00891-00206935-00207175": "promote workforce diversity development", "E_GedJnqJRE-00892-00207176-00207342": "support training programs and provide", "E_GedJnqJRE-00893-00207344-00207551": "leadership to reduce health disparities", "E_GedJnqJRE-00894-00207552-00207982": "and to foster health equity", "E_GedJnqJRE-00895-00207983-00208151": "and the nhgri extramural training", "E_GedJnqJRE-00896-00208152-00208334": "program currently has three funding", "E_GedJnqJRE-00897-00208335-00208558": "opportunities focused on genomics", "E_GedJnqJRE-00898-00208559-00208798": "workforce diversity", "E_GedJnqJRE-00899-00208800-00209038": "the genome research experiences to", "E_GedJnqJRE-00900-00209039-00209271": "attract talented undergraduates into the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00901-00209271-00209534": "genomics field to enhance diversity it's", "E_GedJnqJRE-00902-00209535-00209782": "a mouthful also abbreviated great", "E_GedJnqJRE-00903-00209783-00209887": "program", "E_GedJnqJRE-00904-00209888-00210063": "supports educational activities", "E_GedJnqJRE-00905-00210064-00210239": "encouraging undergraduates from diverse", "E_GedJnqJRE-00906-00210240-00210415": "backgrounds including those from groups", "E_GedJnqJRE-00907-00210416-00210558": "underrepresented the biomedical", "E_GedJnqJRE-00908-00210559-00210791": "workforce to pursue training in careers", "E_GedJnqJRE-00909-00210792-00211103": "in the scientific medical ethical social", "E_GedJnqJRE-00910-00211104-00211391": "and or legal areas of genomics research", "E_GedJnqJRE-00911-00211392-00211575": "now applications for this program are", "E_GedJnqJRE-00912-00211576-00211846": "due july 1st", "E_GedJnqJRE-00913-00211848-00212055": "the faculty institutional recruitment", "E_GedJnqJRE-00914-00212056-00212342": "for sustainable transformation or first", "E_GedJnqJRE-00915-00212344-00212606": "program is an nih common fund initiative", "E_GedJnqJRE-00916-00212607-00212775": "and it is accepting applications to", "E_GedJnqJRE-00917-00212776-00213023": "facilitate institutions in building a", "E_GedJnqJRE-00918-00213023-00213255": "self-reinforcing community of scientists", "E_GedJnqJRE-00919-00213256-00213391": "through the recruitment of a critical", "E_GedJnqJRE-00920-00213392-00213631": "mass of early career faculty with a", "E_GedJnqJRE-00921-00213632-00213831": "demonstrated commitment to inclusive", "E_GedJnqJRE-00922-00213832-00214071": "excellence applications for this program", "E_GedJnqJRE-00923-00214071-00214319": "are due july 12th", "E_GedJnqJRE-00924-00214319-00214542": "and the nih science education", "E_GedJnqJRE-00925-00214544-00214782": "partnership award or cepa program", "E_GedJnqJRE-00926-00214783-00215039": "supports pre-kindergarten to grade 12", "E_GedJnqJRE-00927-00215040-00215198": "and informal science education", "E_GedJnqJRE-00928-00215200-00215367": "activities that enhance the diversity of", "E_GedJnqJRE-00929-00215367-00215575": "the biomedical behavioral and clinical", "E_GedJnqJRE-00930-00215576-00215791": "research workforce and then foster a", "E_GedJnqJRE-00931-00215792-00215967": "better understanding of nih funded", "E_GedJnqJRE-00932-00215967-00216167": "behavioral biomedical and clinical", "E_GedJnqJRE-00933-00216167-00216310": "research and its public health", "E_GedJnqJRE-00934-00216311-00216431": "implications", "E_GedJnqJRE-00935-00216432-00216639": "and applications for this program are", "E_GedJnqJRE-00936-00216640-00217110": "due july 13th", "E_GedJnqJRE-00937-00217111-00217310": "and with that i will move on to the nih", "E_GedJnqJRE-00938-00217311-00217734": "common fund and other trans nih efforts", "E_GedJnqJRE-00939-00217735-00217975": "starting with the h3 africa program and", "E_GedJnqJRE-00940-00217976-00218206": "remember that the central goal of nih", "E_GedJnqJRE-00941-00218207-00218406": "common funds human heredity and health", "E_GedJnqJRE-00942-00218407-00218694": "and effort or h3 africa program is to", "E_GedJnqJRE-00943-00218696-00218879": "develop a sustainable and collaborative", "E_GedJnqJRE-00944-00218880-00219223": "african genomics research enterprise", "E_GedJnqJRE-00945-00219223-00219551": "now in its 10th and final year h3 africa", "E_GedJnqJRE-00946-00219552-00219839": "has published over 600 papers with many", "E_GedJnqJRE-00947-00219840-00220094": "additional manuscripts in the works", "E_GedJnqJRE-00948-00220096-00220319": "recent papers highlighted on this slide", "E_GedJnqJRE-00949-00220319-00220527": "reveal a previously undescribed gut", "E_GedJnqJRE-00950-00220528-00220791": "microbiome taxa describe methylation", "E_GedJnqJRE-00951-00220792-00220998": "patterns in adults who are in utero", "E_GedJnqJRE-00952-00221000-00221342": "during the rwanda genocide and provide", "E_GedJnqJRE-00953-00221344-00221534": "proposed guidelines for feedback of", "E_GedJnqJRE-00954-00221535-00221775": "individual genomic findings in african", "E_GedJnqJRE-00955-00221776-00221975": "research settings", "E_GedJnqJRE-00956-00221976-00222191": "in addition to publications", "E_GedJnqJRE-00957-00222192-00222382": "h3 africa investigators have played", "E_GedJnqJRE-00958-00222383-00222615": "major roles in the update of consortium", "E_GedJnqJRE-00959-00222616-00222815": "recommendations into policies for", "E_GedJnqJRE-00960-00222816-00223055": "genomics research in african countries", "E_GedJnqJRE-00961-00223056-00223246": "as one example", "E_GedJnqJRE-00962-00223248-00223446": "groups funded as part of the h3 africa", "E_GedJnqJRE-00963-00223448-00223606": "ethical legal and social implications", "E_GedJnqJRE-00964-00223607-00223871": "research projects have collaborated with", "E_GedJnqJRE-00965-00223871-00224094": "their local governments and contributed", "E_GedJnqJRE-00966-00224096-00224294": "to national guidelines on human genomics", "E_GedJnqJRE-00967-00224296-00224479": "research and community engagement in", "E_GedJnqJRE-00968-00224480-00224775": "both uganda and botswana", "E_GedJnqJRE-00969-00224776-00224958": "and the final consortium meeting will", "E_GedJnqJRE-00970-00224959-00225079": "occur at the end of this month in", "E_GedJnqJRE-00971-00225080-00225303": "nigeria and investigators and fellows", "E_GedJnqJRE-00972-00225304-00225494": "will highlight the impact of h3 africa", "E_GedJnqJRE-00973-00225496-00225663": "on their careers on research", "E_GedJnqJRE-00974-00225664-00225967": "infrastructure in africa and on advances", "E_GedJnqJRE-00975-00225967-00226503": "in genomics research", "E_GedJnqJRE-00976-00226504-00226782": "the undiagnosed diseases network or udn", "E_GedJnqJRE-00977-00226783-00226982": "is an nih common fund program that aims", "E_GedJnqJRE-00978-00226983-00227191": "to improve the level of diagnosis for", "E_GedJnqJRE-00979-00227192-00227358": "rare and undiagnosed conditions through", "E_GedJnqJRE-00980-00227359-00227615": "a team-based approach", "E_GedJnqJRE-00981-00227616-00227839": "udn investigators from baylor model", "E_GedJnqJRE-00982-00227840-00228015": "organisms screening center published an", "E_GedJnqJRE-00983-00228016-00228271": "article describing model matchup an", "E_GedJnqJRE-00984-00228271-00228487": "online investigator matchmaking tool", "E_GedJnqJRE-00985-00228488-00228703": "designed to encourage cross-disciplinary", "E_GedJnqJRE-00986-00228704-00229046": "collaboration and rare disease research", "E_GedJnqJRE-00987-00229048-00229391": "as of january 2022 users have access to", "E_GedJnqJRE-00988-00229392-00229571": "a database containing", "E_GedJnqJRE-00989-00229571-00229831": "5383 model organism genes that", "E_GedJnqJRE-00990-00229832-00230279": "correspond to over 6 000 human genes", "E_GedJnqJRE-00991-00230280-00230479": "the same udn baylor investigators", "E_GedJnqJRE-00992-00230480-00230663": "contributed to an article describing a", "E_GedJnqJRE-00993-00230664-00230863": "novel neurodevelopmental phenotype", "E_GedJnqJRE-00994-00230864-00231119": "associated with a mutation in the neuron", "E_GedJnqJRE-00995-00231119-00231439": "navigator 2 or nav2 gene", "E_GedJnqJRE-00996-00231440-00231655": "while mouse studies show nav2 protein is", "E_GedJnqJRE-00997-00231656-00231767": "critical in the development of the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00998-00231767-00231951": "central nervous system particularly the", "E_GedJnqJRE-00999-00231952-00232175": "cerebellum little was known about the", "E_GedJnqJRE-01000-00232176-00232431": "role of the nav2 protein in humans and", "E_GedJnqJRE-01001-00232432-00232631": "by screening exome sequence data from", "E_GedJnqJRE-01002-00232632-00232806": "individuals affected with sporadic", "E_GedJnqJRE-01003-00232807-00233063": "cerebellar dysplasia investigators", "E_GedJnqJRE-01004-00233064-00233327": "identified the first human with biolic", "E_GedJnqJRE-01005-00233328-00233623": "loss of function variants in naf2", "E_GedJnqJRE-01006-00233623-00233782": "and through animal model analyses", "E_GedJnqJRE-01007-00233783-00233958": "investigators were able to put to", "E_GedJnqJRE-01008-00233959-00234206": "identify a potentially conserved role", "E_GedJnqJRE-01009-00234207-00234431": "for nav2 protein in central nervous", "E_GedJnqJRE-01010-00234432-00234655": "system development across multiple", "E_GedJnqJRE-01011-00234656-00235263": "species", "E_GedJnqJRE-01012-00235264-00235519": "the nih common fund has initiated a new", "E_GedJnqJRE-01013-00235519-00235839": "program of interest to nhgri the somatic", "E_GedJnqJRE-01014-00235840-00236158": "mosaicism across human tissues or smart", "E_GedJnqJRE-01015-00236159-00236279": "program", "E_GedJnqJRE-01016-00236280-00236494": "the smart network aims to transform our", "E_GedJnqJRE-01017-00236496-00236719": "understanding of how somatic mosaicism", "E_GedJnqJRE-01018-00236719-00236991": "in human cells influences human biology", "E_GedJnqJRE-01019-00236992-00237271": "and health", "E_GedJnqJRE-01020-00237271-00237487": "five funding opportunities have been", "E_GedJnqJRE-01021-00237488-00237639": "released for the various components of", "E_GedJnqJRE-01022-00237640-00237903": "the spot network shown here in colored", "E_GedJnqJRE-01023-00237904-00238006": "boxes", "E_GedJnqJRE-01024-00238007-00238167": "the components include a tissue", "E_GedJnqJRE-01025-00238167-00238398": "procurement center and genome", "E_GedJnqJRE-01026-00238400-00238591": "characterization centers", "E_GedJnqJRE-01027-00238592-00238798": "technology and tool developments", "E_GedJnqJRE-01028-00238800-00239039": "projects a data analysis center and an", "E_GedJnqJRE-01029-00239040-00239198": "organizational center", "E_GedJnqJRE-01030-00239200-00239398": "the various components will generate and", "E_GedJnqJRE-01031-00239400-00239639": "analyze validated data and produce a", "E_GedJnqJRE-01032-00239640-00239823": "genomic variant catalog as well as a", "E_GedJnqJRE-01033-00239823-00240006": "workbench to facilitate use of these", "E_GedJnqJRE-01034-00240007-00240327": "data by the broader scientific community", "E_GedJnqJRE-01035-00240328-00240534": "and the application deadline for all", "E_GedJnqJRE-01036-00240535-00241094": "five components is july 8th of this year", "E_GedJnqJRE-01037-00241096-00241271": "and lastly the mission of the all of us", "E_GedJnqJRE-01038-00241271-00241479": "research program is to accelerate health", "E_GedJnqJRE-01039-00241480-00241639": "research and medical breakthroughs", "E_GedJnqJRE-01040-00241640-00241879": "enabling individual prevention treatment", "E_GedJnqJRE-01041-00241880-00242079": "and care for all of us", "E_GedJnqJRE-01042-00242080-00242246": "the program will partner with one", "E_GedJnqJRE-01043-00242248-00242463": "million or more people across the united", "E_GedJnqJRE-01044-00242464-00242694": "states to build the most diverse", "E_GedJnqJRE-01045-00242696-00242919": "biomedical data resource of its kind", "E_GedJnqJRE-01046-00242919-00243134": "thereby helping researchers gain better", "E_GedJnqJRE-01047-00243135-00243334": "on insights into the biological", "E_GedJnqJRE-01048-00243335-00243542": "environmental and behavioral factors", "E_GedJnqJRE-01049-00243544-00243734": "that influence health", "E_GedJnqJRE-01050-00243735-00243927": "the all of us research program released", "E_GedJnqJRE-01051-00243928-00244246": "its first genomic data set in march", "E_GedJnqJRE-01052-00244248-00244471": "and this data release which features", "E_GedJnqJRE-01053-00244471-00244742": "whole genome sequences from nearly 100", "E_GedJnqJRE-01054-00244744-00244991": "000 participants as well as genotyping", "E_GedJnqJRE-01055-00244992-00245215": "array data genomic variant data and a", "E_GedJnqJRE-01056-00245216-00245463": "suite of genomics analysis tools", "E_GedJnqJRE-01057-00245464-00245623": "is available", "E_GedJnqJRE-01058-00245623-00245894": "via the all of us researchers workbench", "E_GedJnqJRE-01059-00245896-00246158": "cloud-based platform", "E_GedJnqJRE-01060-00246159-00246351": "now the researcher workbench also", "E_GedJnqJRE-01061-00246352-00246519": "includes information from participant", "E_GedJnqJRE-01062-00246519-00246727": "survey responses fitbit devices", "E_GedJnqJRE-01063-00246728-00246903": "electronic health records and physical", "E_GedJnqJRE-01064-00246904-00247071": "measurements", "E_GedJnqJRE-01065-00247071-00247230": "and keep in mind that a key feature of", "E_GedJnqJRE-01066-00247231-00247446": "the all of us research program is its", "E_GedJnqJRE-01067-00247448-00247727": "focus on diverse participants with about", "E_GedJnqJRE-01068-00247728-00247951": "50 percent of the data coming from", "E_GedJnqJRE-01069-00247952-00248079": "individuals", "E_GedJnqJRE-01070-00248080-00248263": "who identify with the racial or ethnic", "E_GedJnqJRE-01071-00248264-00248423": "groups that have historically been", "E_GedJnqJRE-01072-00248423-00248646": "underrepresented in research", "E_GedJnqJRE-01073-00248648-00248798": "and this contrasts with the vast", "E_GedJnqJRE-01074-00248800-00249055": "majority of existing global genome-wide", "E_GedJnqJRE-01075-00249056-00249255": "association study data", "E_GedJnqJRE-01076-00249256-00249471": "which is primarily derived from", "E_GedJnqJRE-01077-00249471-00249734": "individuals of european ancestry", "E_GedJnqJRE-01078-00249735-00249879": "so we encourage interested in", "E_GedJnqJRE-01079-00249880-00250079": "researchers to register for access to", "E_GedJnqJRE-01080-00250080-00250279": "the all of us research or workbench in", "E_GedJnqJRE-01081-00250280-00250558": "order to start using the data and tools", "E_GedJnqJRE-01082-00250559-00251063": "for their own research", "E_GedJnqJRE-01083-00251064-00251263": "and moving on to the nhr activities and", "E_GedJnqJRE-01084-00251264-00251487": "the areas of communication policy and", "E_GedJnqJRE-01085-00251488-00251830": "education", "E_GedJnqJRE-01086-00251831-00252151": "in december of 2021 the nhri history of", "E_GedJnqJRE-01087-00252152-00252423": "genomics program hosted a symposium that", "E_GedJnqJRE-01088-00252423-00252591": "addressed the history of eugenics and", "E_GedJnqJRE-01089-00252592-00252823": "scientific racism and their complex", "E_GedJnqJRE-01090-00252823-00253142": "legacies in the modern health sciences", "E_GedJnqJRE-01091-00253144-00253382": "the symposium illustrated the need for", "E_GedJnqJRE-01092-00253383-00253582": "more import and more informed public", "E_GedJnqJRE-01093-00253583-00253855": "discussions about the connection between", "E_GedJnqJRE-01094-00253856-00254006": "existing and emerging genetic and", "E_GedJnqJRE-01095-00254007-00254294": "genomic technologies and the historic", "E_GedJnqJRE-01096-00254296-00254551": "and present day uses of genetics and", "E_GedJnqJRE-01097-00254552-00254782": "genomics and social behavioral research", "E_GedJnqJRE-01098-00254783-00255094": "it also raised issues about how nhgri as", "E_GedJnqJRE-01099-00255096-00255319": "a key funder of genomics research", "E_GedJnqJRE-01100-00255319-00255439": "communicate", "E_GedJnqJRE-01101-00255440-00255623": "about the state of the science and its", "E_GedJnqJRE-01102-00255623-00255839": "limitations", "E_GedJnqJRE-01103-00255840-00256055": "the nhgri history of genomics program", "E_GedJnqJRE-01104-00256056-00256351": "will next host two roundtable meetings", "E_GedJnqJRE-01105-00256352-00256446": "to further", "E_GedJnqJRE-01106-00256448-00256710": "explore these two themes", "E_GedJnqJRE-01107-00256711-00257023": "a meeting on may 25th will address the", "E_GedJnqJRE-01108-00257023-00257175": "question does genetic and genomic", "E_GedJnqJRE-01109-00257176-00257423": "screening keep open the door to eugenics", "E_GedJnqJRE-01110-00257423-00257598": "at this meeting panelists will discuss", "E_GedJnqJRE-01111-00257600-00257798": "historical and present day eugenics and", "E_GedJnqJRE-01112-00257800-00258023": "scientific racism in the context of", "E_GedJnqJRE-01113-00258023-00258191": "existing and developing genetic and", "E_GedJnqJRE-01114-00258192-00258479": "genomic screening technologies", "E_GedJnqJRE-01115-00258480-00258719": "then in december a second meeting will", "E_GedJnqJRE-01116-00258719-00258887": "address the promise and perils of social", "E_GedJnqJRE-01117-00258888-00259071": "behavioral genomics at which the", "E_GedJnqJRE-01118-00259071-00259239": "discussion will focus on the historic", "E_GedJnqJRE-01119-00259240-00259471": "uses of genetics and genomics in social", "E_GedJnqJRE-01120-00259471-00259671": "behavioral research including the", "E_GedJnqJRE-01121-00259671-00259894": "historical connections of research into", "E_GedJnqJRE-01122-00259896-00260151": "the genetics of social mobility and", "E_GedJnqJRE-01123-00260152-00260319": "educational attainment with", "E_GedJnqJRE-01124-00260319-00260639": "anti-semitism eugenics and scientific", "E_GedJnqJRE-01125-00260640-00261063": "racism", "E_GedJnqJRE-01126-00261064-00261294": "on national dna day this year that is", "E_GedJnqJRE-01127-00261296-00261558": "april 25th the nhgri office of", "E_GedJnqJRE-01128-00261559-00261823": "communications released a fully revamped", "E_GedJnqJRE-01129-00261823-00262006": "version of its incredibly popular", "E_GedJnqJRE-01130-00262007-00262158": "talking glossary", "E_GedJnqJRE-01131-00262159-00262358": "which included a new name", "E_GedJnqJRE-01132-00262359-00262534": "the talking glossary of genomic and", "E_GedJnqJRE-01133-00262535-00262727": "genetic terms", "E_GedJnqJRE-01134-00262728-00262927": "this new and improved educational", "E_GedJnqJRE-01135-00262928-00263119": "resource now features audio recordings", "E_GedJnqJRE-01136-00263120-00263551": "from 37 nhgri experts to date the new", "E_GedJnqJRE-01137-00263552-00263863": "talking glossary has 222 terms of which", "E_GedJnqJRE-01138-00263864-00264110": "142 have new accompanying illustrations", "E_GedJnqJRE-01139-00264111-00264439": "and 15 of new associated animations", "E_GedJnqJRE-01140-00264440-00264623": "there are plans for additional terms", "E_GedJnqJRE-01141-00264624-00264775": "animations and", "E_GedJnqJRE-01142-00264776-00264982": "illustrations in the coming months and", "E_GedJnqJRE-01143-00264983-00265151": "we really encourage you to check out the", "E_GedJnqJRE-01144-00265152-00265358": "new talking glossary and please spread", "E_GedJnqJRE-01145-00265359-00265863": "the word about its availability", "E_GedJnqJRE-01146-00265864-00266087": "the seventh and final event in the", "E_GedJnqJRE-01147-00266088-00266287": "genomics and the media virtual lecture", "E_GedJnqJRE-01148-00266288-00266495": "series will feature magdalena skipper", "E_GedJnqJRE-01149-00266496-00266663": "the editor-in-chief of nature and", "E_GedJnqJRE-01150-00266664-00266879": "that'll occur on june 30th", "E_GedJnqJRE-01151-00266880-00267087": "now this last lecture will cap the", "E_GedJnqJRE-01152-00267088-00267310": "highly successful series which featured", "E_GedJnqJRE-01153-00267311-00267463": "the trailblazers and science", "E_GedJnqJRE-01154-00267464-00267623": "communication shown here and", "E_GedJnqJRE-01155-00267624-00267847": "demonstrated various approaches for", "E_GedJnqJRE-01156-00267848-00268015": "communicating about genomics as well as", "E_GedJnqJRE-01157-00268016-00268206": "the unique challenges and opportunities", "E_GedJnqJRE-01158-00268207-00268447": "that different communications media can", "E_GedJnqJRE-01159-00268448-00268823": "bring", "E_GedJnqJRE-01160-00268824-00269071": "in terms of our social media presence if", "E_GedJnqJRE-01161-00269072-00269199": "you're not aware", "E_GedJnqJRE-01162-00269200-00269510": "ask dr genome is a monthly series of", "E_GedJnqJRE-01163-00269511-00269767": "live twitter q and a's with myself and", "E_GedJnqJRE-01164-00269768-00269975": "invited genomic experts", "E_GedJnqJRE-01165-00269976-00270167": "the series offers a way to engage with", "E_GedJnqJRE-01166-00270168-00270375": "members of the public that is me namely", "E_GedJnqJRE-01167-00270376-00270615": "students educators and science curious", "E_GedJnqJRE-01168-00270616-00270830": "twitter followers who want to know more", "E_GedJnqJRE-01169-00270831-00271047": "about a particular genomics topic", "E_GedJnqJRE-01170-00271048-00271247": "anyone can tweet us a question about the", "E_GedJnqJRE-01171-00271248-00271487": "designated genomics topic and we retweet", "E_GedJnqJRE-01172-00271488-00271719": "an answer from my account", "E_GedJnqJRE-01173-00271720-00271958": "and in march i was joined by josh dede", "E_GedJnqJRE-01174-00271959-00272158": "ceo of the all of us research program to", "E_GedJnqJRE-01175-00272159-00272303": "answer questions about precision", "E_GedJnqJRE-01176-00272304-00272558": "medicine and the generation of diverse", "E_GedJnqJRE-01177-00272559-00272758": "genomic data sets", "E_GedJnqJRE-01178-00272759-00272975": "and then in april i was joined by karen", "E_GedJnqJRE-01179-00272976-00273143": "nega who answered questions about the", "E_GedJnqJRE-01180-00273144-00273399": "telomere telomere consortium's effort to", "E_GedJnqJRE-01181-00273400-00273639": "generate a truly complete human genome", "E_GedJnqJRE-01182-00273640-00273903": "sequence", "E_GedJnqJRE-01183-00273904-00274127": "and with all this communications", "E_GedJnqJRE-01184-00274128-00274406": "activities i'm proud to tell you that", "E_GedJnqJRE-01185-00274407-00274663": "the nhgri office of communications was", "E_GedJnqJRE-01186-00274664-00274903": "recently nominated for a golden post", "E_GedJnqJRE-01187-00274904-00275151": "award for best twitter presence", "E_GedJnqJRE-01188-00275152-00275334": "the golden post awards recognize", "E_GedJnqJRE-01189-00275335-00275527": "outstanding use of social media by", "E_GedJnqJRE-01190-00275528-00275758": "government agencies in the united states", "E_GedJnqJRE-01191-00275759-00276055": "and out of more than 400 entries nhgri", "E_GedJnqJRE-01192-00276056-00276391": "was named one of the top five finalists", "E_GedJnqJRE-01193-00276392-00276551": "in addition the nhgri office of", "E_GedJnqJRE-01194-00276552-00276758": "communication was also nominated for a", "E_GedJnqJRE-01195-00276759-00276999": "shorty award which honors the best of", "E_GedJnqJRE-01196-00277000-00277239": "social media and digital specifically", "E_GedJnqJRE-01197-00277240-00277430": "for its work on the history of eugenics", "E_GedJnqJRE-01198-00277431-00277687": "and scientific racism symposium in", "E_GedJnqJRE-01199-00277688-00277895": "december so congratulations to the", "E_GedJnqJRE-01200-00277896-00278182": "office of communications", "E_GedJnqJRE-01201-00278183-00278423": "now as i mentioned earlier april 25th", "E_GedJnqJRE-01202-00278424-00278630": "was national dna day and like every", "E_GedJnqJRE-01203-00278631-00278847": "other year and nhgri hosted several", "E_GedJnqJRE-01204-00278848-00279071": "programs and offered educational", "E_GedJnqJRE-01205-00279072-00279287": "resources to mark the occasion", "E_GedJnqJRE-01206-00279288-00279471": "this year dna day was celebrated", "E_GedJnqJRE-01207-00279472-00279758": "virtually throughout the month of april", "E_GedJnqJRE-01208-00279759-00280063": "and nhgri hosted two h3 africa dna day", "E_GedJnqJRE-01209-00280064-00280287": "presentations featuring the h3 africa", "E_GedJnqJRE-01210-00280288-00280479": "researchers shown here", "E_GedJnqJRE-01211-00280480-00280767": "and then on april 25th nhgri hosted", "E_GedJnqJRE-01212-00280768-00280958": "carter clinton who's a postdoctoral", "E_GedJnqJRE-01213-00280959-00281087": "scholar in the departments of", "E_GedJnqJRE-01214-00281088-00281334": "anthropology and biology at pennsylvania", "E_GedJnqJRE-01215-00281335-00281558": "state university for the louis m", "E_GedJnqJRE-01216-00281559-00281830": "slaughter national dna day lecture", "E_GedJnqJRE-01217-00281831-00282006": "and carter shared his research", "E_GedJnqJRE-01218-00282007-00282223": "investigating new york african burial", "E_GedJnqJRE-01219-00282224-00282534": "ground population soil samples to better", "E_GedJnqJRE-01220-00282535-00282782": "understand health disparities in living", "E_GedJnqJRE-01221-00282783-00283023": "african americans and discuss the", "E_GedJnqJRE-01222-00283024-00283230": "urgency for diversity in genomic", "E_GedJnqJRE-01223-00283231-00283647": "databases", "E_GedJnqJRE-01224-00283648-00283863": "and the inter society coordinating", "E_GedJnqJRE-01225-00283864-00284023": "committee for practitioner education", "E_GedJnqJRE-01226-00284024-00284327": "genomics or iscc peg focuses on", "E_GedJnqJRE-01227-00284328-00284527": "integrating genomic literacy into", "E_GedJnqJRE-01228-00284528-00284695": "clinical practice", "E_GedJnqJRE-01229-00284696-00284839": "the group does this by making", "E_GedJnqJRE-01230-00284840-00285015": "presentations at professional meetings", "E_GedJnqJRE-01231-00285016-00285191": "creating pharmacogenomic continuing", "E_GedJnqJRE-01232-00285192-00285406": "education modules and publishing a", "E_GedJnqJRE-01233-00285407-00285727": "direct to consumer genetic testing faq", "E_GedJnqJRE-01234-00285728-00285863": "resource", "E_GedJnqJRE-01235-00285864-00286134": "now the iscc peg also sponsors scholars", "E_GedJnqJRE-01236-00286135-00286382": "who work directly with iscc peg mentors", "E_GedJnqJRE-01237-00286383-00286630": "on projects and so recently a scholar", "E_GedJnqJRE-01238-00286631-00286934": "created a genetest 101 app to assist", "E_GedJnqJRE-01239-00286935-00287127": "non-genetics healthcare providers", "E_GedJnqJRE-01240-00287128-00287503": "navigate the genetic testing process", "E_GedJnqJRE-01241-00287504-00287767": "and the iscc peg's 11th annual meeting", "E_GedJnqJRE-01242-00287768-00287975": "was held in february and featured", "E_GedJnqJRE-01243-00287976-00288182": "keynote presentation by nhgri acting", "E_GedJnqJRE-01244-00288183-00288439": "deputy director vince bonham the meeting", "E_GedJnqJRE-01245-00288440-00288615": "also included reports from two new", "E_GedJnqJRE-01246-00288616-00288919": "project groups a nursing genomics group", "E_GedJnqJRE-01247-00288920-00289127": "and an lgbtqi", "E_GedJnqJRE-01248-00289128-00289599": "plus issues in genomics group", "E_GedJnqJRE-01249-00289600-00289823": "and last but not least i have a few", "E_GedJnqJRE-01250-00289824-00290279": "updates about nhgri's intramural program", "E_GedJnqJRE-01251-00290280-00290479": "starting with bill gaul", "E_GedJnqJRE-01252-00290480-00290679": "one of the nhgri intramural", "E_GedJnqJRE-01253-00290680-00290934": "investigators who received the urotis", "E_GedJnqJRE-01254-00290935-00291215": "for rare diseases europe lifetime", "E_GedJnqJRE-01255-00291216-00291439": "achievement award this award recognizes", "E_GedJnqJRE-01256-00291440-00291623": "those lifelong dedication to addressing", "E_GedJnqJRE-01257-00291624-00291791": "the needs of people living with rare and", "E_GedJnqJRE-01258-00291792-00292054": "undiagnosed diseases it also honors him", "E_GedJnqJRE-01259-00292055-00292206": "for the creation of the undiagnosed", "E_GedJnqJRE-01260-00292207-00292495": "diseases program within nih so", "E_GedJnqJRE-01261-00292496-00292806": "congratulations to bill", "E_GedJnqJRE-01262-00292807-00293023": "and then nhgri intramural investigator", "E_GedJnqJRE-01263-00293024-00293215": "neil hansard has been elected to the", "E_GedJnqJRE-01264-00293216-00293367": "american society for clinical", "E_GedJnqJRE-01265-00293368-00293854": "investigation so congratulations to neil", "E_GedJnqJRE-01266-00293855-00294134": "and then diana bianchi who is both an", "E_GedJnqJRE-01267-00294135-00294382": "nhgri intramural investigator but is", "E_GedJnqJRE-01268-00294383-00294527": "also as you know director of the", "E_GedJnqJRE-01269-00294528-00294679": "national institute of child health and", "E_GedJnqJRE-01270-00294680-00294910": "human development is a finalist for the", "E_GedJnqJRE-01271-00294911-00295182": "samuel j hyman service to america medals", "E_GedJnqJRE-01272-00295183-00295391": "also known as the samis", "E_GedJnqJRE-01273-00295392-00295630": "she is a coveted 19 response finalist", "E_GedJnqJRE-01274-00295631-00295806": "for initiating critical research to", "E_GedJnqJRE-01275-00295807-00296030": "understand the medical implications of", "E_GedJnqJRE-01276-00296031-00296263": "the covet 19 virus on underserved", "E_GedJnqJRE-01277-00296264-00296806": "populations so congratulations to diana", "E_GedJnqJRE-01278-00296807-00297079": "and one thing i wanted to um announce at", "E_GedJnqJRE-01279-00297080-00297375": "this open session of an advisory council", "E_GedJnqJRE-01280-00297376-00297647": "meeting is something related to a blue", "E_GedJnqJRE-01281-00297648-00297830": "ribbon panel review that will now take", "E_GedJnqJRE-01282-00297831-00298103": "place um for our intramural research", "E_GedJnqJRE-01283-00298104-00298206": "program", "E_GedJnqJRE-01284-00298207-00298423": "now each nih institute and center's", "E_GedJnqJRE-01285-00298424-00298719": "intramural research program or irp is", "E_GedJnqJRE-01286-00298720-00298958": "required to undergo a blue ribbon panel", "E_GedJnqJRE-01287-00298959-00299247": "review roughly every 10 years", "E_GedJnqJRE-01288-00299248-00299471": "these reviews aim to provide very high", "E_GedJnqJRE-01289-00299472-00299663": "level feedback and general input about", "E_GedJnqJRE-01290-00299664-00299782": "the current state and future", "E_GedJnqJRE-01291-00299783-00300054": "opportunities of the various nih's", "E_GedJnqJRE-01292-00300055-00300263": "intramural research programs", "E_GedJnqJRE-01293-00300264-00300479": "which complements the more detailed", "E_GedJnqJRE-01294-00300480-00300671": "investigator by investigative reviews", "E_GedJnqJRE-01295-00300672-00300903": "that take place every four years by the", "E_GedJnqJRE-01296-00300904-00301039": "institute or center's board of", "E_GedJnqJRE-01297-00301040-00301239": "scientific counselors", "E_GedJnqJRE-01298-00301240-00301519": "now nhgri has conducted two blue ribbon", "E_GedJnqJRE-01299-00301520-00301703": "panel reviews of our intramural research", "E_GedJnqJRE-01300-00301704-00301958": "program to date the most recent one was", "E_GedJnqJRE-01301-00301959-00302303": "held in 2011 and 2012 when dan castner", "E_GedJnqJRE-01302-00302304-00302582": "took the helm as scientific director", "E_GedJnqJRE-01303-00302583-00302758": "well with the recent appointment of", "E_GedJnqJRE-01304-00302759-00302951": "charles rotimi as the new nhgri", "E_GedJnqJRE-01305-00302952-00303103": "scientific director it seemed an", "E_GedJnqJRE-01306-00303104-00303310": "appropriate time to have a blue ribbon", "E_GedJnqJRE-01307-00303311-00303719": "panel review of the nhgri irp again", "E_GedJnqJRE-01308-00303720-00303934": "and so as such i have assembled the", "E_GedJnqJRE-01309-00303935-00304158": "following panel of eight external", "E_GedJnqJRE-01310-00304159-00304351": "experts and put them under the", "E_GedJnqJRE-01311-00304352-00304615": "leadership of two outstanding co-chairs", "E_GedJnqJRE-01312-00304616-00304839": "who are members of this advisory council", "E_GedJnqJRE-01313-00304840-00305079": "gal jarvik and lynn jordy", "E_GedJnqJRE-01314-00305080-00305303": "and this panel will conduct their review", "E_GedJnqJRE-01315-00305304-00305623": "from essentially now may 2022 until a", "E_GedJnqJRE-01316-00305624-00305887": "year from now may in 2023", "E_GedJnqJRE-01317-00305888-00306063": "and you can expect that the co-chairs", "E_GedJnqJRE-01318-00306064-00306254": "will present their final report from", "E_GedJnqJRE-01319-00306255-00306499": "this blue ribbon panel review at the may", "E_GedJnqJRE-01320-00306500-00306903": "2023 meeting of this advisory council", "E_GedJnqJRE-01321-00306904-00307167": "i and the broader nhri leadership look", "E_GedJnqJRE-01322-00307168-00307375": "forward to the feedback and advice from", "E_GedJnqJRE-01323-00307376-00307591": "the panel about our intramural research", "E_GedJnqJRE-01324-00307592-00307806": "program which currently has an annual", "E_GedJnqJRE-01325-00307807-00308071": "budget in the neighborhood about 125", "E_GedJnqJRE-01326-00308072-00308287": "million dollars and we're particularly", "E_GedJnqJRE-01327-00308288-00308487": "excited to hear their thoughts about the", "E_GedJnqJRE-01328-00308488-00308671": "coming decade for our intramural", "E_GedJnqJRE-01329-00308672-00308967": "research program", "E_GedJnqJRE-01330-00308968-00309199": "and before i end my director's report i", "E_GedJnqJRE-01331-00309200-00309382": "want to again remind you", "E_GedJnqJRE-01332-00309383-00309679": "about a user-friendly one-stop shop for", "E_GedJnqJRE-01333-00309680-00309943": "staying connected with me and nhgri and", "E_GedJnqJRE-01334-00309944-00310158": "by visiting this webpage through this", "E_GedJnqJRE-01335-00310159-00310423": "convenient url and then scrolling down", "E_GedJnqJRE-01336-00310424-00310606": "you get this menu of nine major", "E_GedJnqJRE-01337-00310607-00310830": "resources associated with the institute", "E_GedJnqJRE-01338-00310831-00311039": "this includes links to genome.gov", "E_GedJnqJRE-01339-00311040-00311143": "website", "E_GedJnqJRE-01340-00311144-00311310": "the genomics landscape monthly", "E_GedJnqJRE-01341-00311311-00311575": "newsletter and my twitter feed there's", "E_GedJnqJRE-01342-00311576-00311823": "also convenient links to the 2020 nhri", "E_GedJnqJRE-01343-00311824-00312087": "strategic vision the nhgri brochure", "E_GedJnqJRE-01344-00312088-00312303": "as i mentioned our new talking glossary", "E_GedJnqJRE-01345-00312304-00312495": "of genomic and genetic terms are", "E_GedJnqJRE-01346-00312496-00312671": "building a diverse genomics workforce", "E_GedJnqJRE-01347-00312672-00312903": "action agenda the genome tv channel of", "E_GedJnqJRE-01348-00312904-00313158": "youtube and the nhgri history program", "E_GedJnqJRE-01349-00313159-00313327": "set of oral histories", "E_GedJnqJRE-01350-00313328-00313519": "and if those sites aren't what you're", "E_GedJnqJRE-01351-00313520-00313654": "looking for", "E_GedJnqJRE-01352-00313655-00313806": "all you got to do is scroll a little bit", "E_GedJnqJRE-01353-00313807-00314063": "further down and you will find a short", "E_GedJnqJRE-01354-00314064-00314391": "list of some uh recommended videos of", "E_GedJnqJRE-01355-00314392-00314599": "mine and if you keep going down even", "E_GedJnqJRE-01356-00314600-00314775": "further a list of some of my recent", "E_GedJnqJRE-01357-00314776-00315119": "podcasts and um op-eds and i hope people", "E_GedJnqJRE-01358-00315120-00315382": "find this one-stop shop helpful uh when", "E_GedJnqJRE-01359-00315383-00315582": "trying to stay connected with me and", "E_GedJnqJRE-01360-00315583-00315815": "nhgri", "E_GedJnqJRE-01361-00315816-00316006": "finally a personal thanks to my many", "E_GedJnqJRE-01362-00316007-00316199": "nhri staff members who contributed to", "E_GedJnqJRE-01363-00316200-00316391": "the slides and associate materials that", "E_GedJnqJRE-01364-00316392-00316615": "i just reviewed and as always a group", "E_GedJnqJRE-01365-00316616-00316903": "effort to pull this off a huge amount of", "E_GedJnqJRE-01366-00316904-00317095": "information i just conveyed", "E_GedJnqJRE-01367-00317096-00317254": "and that also included the efforts of", "E_GedJnqJRE-01368-00317255-00317391": "our office communication staff for", "E_GedJnqJRE-01369-00317392-00317543": "creating the electronic resource", "E_GedJnqJRE-01370-00317544-00317782": "associated with my director's report and", "E_GedJnqJRE-01371-00317783-00317951": "of course a special thanks to my", "E_GedJnqJRE-01372-00317952-00318151": "ringleader for helping me for over a", "E_GedJnqJRE-01373-00318152-00318479": "decade now do this uh chris rudderstrand", "E_GedJnqJRE-01374-00318480-00318647": "uh we usually show a picture of chris at", "E_GedJnqJRE-01375-00318648-00318830": "this point but chris declined providing", "E_GedJnqJRE-01376-00318831-00319079": "a photo this time but rather offered up", "E_GedJnqJRE-01377-00319080-00319215": "this photo", "E_GedJnqJRE-01378-00319216-00319303": "of", "E_GedJnqJRE-01379-00319304-00319527": "uh which is now it's right up here the", "E_GedJnqJRE-01380-00319528-00319782": "entrance to my director suite where a", "E_GedJnqJRE-01381-00319783-00320071": "masked cardboard version of myself has", "E_GedJnqJRE-01382-00320072-00320295": "been standing by for the last few weeks", "E_GedJnqJRE-01383-00320296-00320575": "as we are welcoming staff back to the", "E_GedJnqJRE-01384-00320576-00320743": "physical workspace", "E_GedJnqJRE-01385-00320744-00320879": "so with that", "E_GedJnqJRE-01386-00320880-00321087": "i will stop and bring my director's", "E_GedJnqJRE-01387-00321088-00321182": "report", "E_GedJnqJRE-01388-00321183-00321471": "to a close and i am happy to take any", "E_GedJnqJRE-01389-00321472-00321671": "questions many council members have", "E_GedJnqJRE-01390-00321672-00322695": "questions", "E_GedJnqJRE-01391-00322696-00322863": "i will look for hands if there are any", "E_GedJnqJRE-01392-00322864-00323527": "questions", "E_GedJnqJRE-01393-00323528-00323710": "all right thank you very much eric for", "E_GedJnqJRE-01394-00323711-00324023": "that report uh dr shannon zank has", "E_GedJnqJRE-01395-00324024-00324223": "joined us she's next on the agenda would", "E_GedJnqJRE-01396-00324224-00325327": "you like to introduce her", "E_GedJnqJRE-01397-00325328-00325535": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "E_IFEZK-e3U", "text": {"E_IFEZK-e3U-00000-00000000-00000211": "is a pleasure to be here thank you all", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00001-00000212-00000440": "for coming outside I believe I'm fairly", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00002-00000441-00000749": "short notice and eclectic LED see you", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00003-00000750-00001103": "all here I will say that throughout my", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00004-00001104-00001353": "talk if you have questions do not be shy", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00005-00001354-00001673": "the most enjoyable part of this sort of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00006-00001673-00001862": "event is being able to answer your", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00007-00001863-00001937": "questions", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00008-00001938-00002195": "and so that is primarily what I'm here", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00009-00002196-00002401": "to do it's a topic that I want to share", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00010-00002402-00002612": "with you tonight then it's just I just", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00011-00002613-00002734": "think it's fun", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00012-00002735-00003032": "and so that's one reason why I should've", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00013-00003033-00003179": "jumped at the opportunity to talk about", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00014-00003180-00003413": "the outer solar which does not give", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00015-00003414-00003688": "nearly as much as much perspective I", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00016-00003689-00003872": "think it should and I hope after tonight", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00017-00003872-00004118": "you'll come to appreciate the outer", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00018-00004119-00004390": "parts of our own solar system as well", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00019-00004391-00004625": "we're going to begin however I think", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00020-00004626-00004786": "with something a little bit more", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00021-00004787-00005051": "familiar approximate I will get", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00022-00005052-00005279": "convicted committing suspect which is a", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00023-00005280-00005579": "a cartoon that swore not to wander too", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00024-00005580-00005801": "far a bit of a cartoon about how we", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00025-00005802-00006167": "think our solar system form and how we", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00026-00006168-00006403": "think all other solar systems that we", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00027-00006404-00006664": "are now discovering for it's a process", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00028-00006665-00006914": "that begins with a cloud of gas in the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00029-00006915-00007127": "interstellar medium that gas in between", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00030-00007128-00007388": "the stars within our own Milky Way", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00031-00007389-00007645": "galaxy and over the course of gravity", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00032-00007647-00007924": "that cloud of gas will collapse and it", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00033-00007925-00008089": "has a little bit of rotation as it", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00034-00008090-00008288": "collapses spin a little bit faster", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00035-00008289-00008614": "everyone a disc and the center of that", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00036-00008615-00008881": "disk will by a central concentration", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00037-00008882-00009338": "that we've all into the star there and", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00038-00009339-00009610": "then within the discs the various things", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00039-00009611-00009962": "happen what we get going on from here to", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00040-00009963-00010280": "this stage is the conversion of gas a", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00041-00010281-00010585": "little bit of micron size particles", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00042-00010586-00010769": "English slightly larger parts", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00043-00010770-00010970": "he's a thing that annoys recall", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00044-00010971-00011330": "condensed out for more solid and in that", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00045-00011331-00011617": "solid begins to stick together and grows", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00046-00011618-00011894": "larger and larger sizes and we're left", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00047-00011895-00012023": "here with a distance of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00048-00012024-00012289": "with impetus to get these little", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00049-00012290-00012716": "heartlessly small chunks of rock perhaps", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00050-00012717-00013016": "small chunks of ice various places in", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00051-00013016-00013202": "what is going to become our solar system", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00052-00013203-00013436": "and over time through a process of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00053-00013437-00013709": "collisions these will collide multiplied", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00054-00013710-00014003": "they will grow and ultimately will have", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00055-00014004-00014261": "a set of larger objects and called", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00056-00014262-00014516": "planetesimals which will be invective", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00057-00014516-00014788": "and those are eventually before the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00058-00014790-00015053": "individual planets that we know that is", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00059-00015054-00015350": "anticipated cartoon of how we need our", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00060-00015351-00015608": "solar system for lots of details we", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00061-00015609-00015863": "don't know lots of questions remain", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00062-00015863-00016112": "about how exactly this works when we", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00063-00016113-00016294": "observe other systems are we saying the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00064-00016295-00016529": "very same thing but keep this picture in", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00065-00016530-00016772": "mind when we start for this cloud we end", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00066-00016773-00016910": "up here with something that we're going", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00067-00016911-00017213": "to call our own solar system now one of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00068-00017214-00017399": "the other things that's very important", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00069-00017400-00017636": "we'll talk about later is that was in", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00070-00017637-00017750": "this disk", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00071-00017751-00018053": "there's called temperature drapes it is", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00072-00018054-00018314": "much warmer in the interior part of the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00073-00018315-00018617": "disk then it is further out and what", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00074-00018618-00018785": "that means is that they get far enough", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00075-00018786-00019127": "away from the star the solid material", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00076-00019128-00019493": "wicked form is going to be ice whereas", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00077-00019494-00019628": "bugging the inner part of the solar", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00078-00019629-00019922": "system anything that could - is too warm", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00079-00019923-00020147": "for that to form on ice and so it", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00080-00020148-00020353": "remains either as a largely as a gas", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00081-00020354-00020603": "perhaps something as as a little so", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00082-00020604-00020800": "we'll have to keep that in mind as we go", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00083-00020801-00020908": "along", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00084-00020909-00021185": "but let us start with something very", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00085-00021186-00021353": "interesting if this gives it the comic", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00086-00021354-00021544": "that's been in the news quite lately you", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00087-00021545-00021697": "may have heard about this is another", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00088-00021698-00022034": "comics kind of simple one this is an", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00089-00022035-00022256": "innocent of previous spacecraft it made", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00090-00022257-00022534": "a very close passage to encounter in", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00091-00022535-00022697": "that kind of land on a comet as our", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00092-00022698-00022886": "European colleagues have done over the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00093-00022887-00022994": "last couple weeks", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00094-00022995-00023222": "well this is what comet looks like up", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00095-00023223-00023486": "close and personally it keeps very oddly", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00096-00023487-00023723": "shaped appears you sort of glue", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00097-00023724-00023999": "together which is what a comet gives and", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00098-00024000-00024209": "we think comments since we have", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00099-00024210-00024425": "messengers from the outer part of the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00100-00024426-00024665": "solar system so if you see here in", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00101-00024666-00024965": "common is some mixture of ice a bit of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00102-00024966-00025190": "rock a bit of other material and the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00103-00025191-00025400": "real question is what does that tell us", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00104-00025401-00025601": "about the origin of the solar system but", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00105-00025602-00025769": "one of the very fascinating questions", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00106-00025770-00026039": "that pops they say these are a lot of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00107-00026039-00026282": "ice in sometimes it's called a dirty", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00108-00026283-00026624": "snowball mix with a bunch of other stuff", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00109-00026625-00026801": "and what a question that is still", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00110-00026802-00027164": "unanswered is whether or not Conner's", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00111-00027164-00027449": "were responsible for bringing water onto", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00112-00027450-00027725": "planet earth early in the history of the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00113-00027726-00027970": "sources so one of the experiments that", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00114-00027972-00028283": "the comet Lander we hope to be able to", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00115-00028283-00028664": "do is to test the ice on circa Kaunas in", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00116-00028664-00028880": "this particular comet to see if the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00117-00028881-00029207": "composition of that waterless is the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00118-00029208-00029498": "same as a composition of water see", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00119-00029499-00029735": "deeper solution to see if perhaps water", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00120-00029736-00030017": "Amir did come from so that's something", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00121-00030018-00030161": "that folks are working on", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00122-00030162-00030410": "there's recall a spectrum of comic", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00123-00030411-00030569": "review may exceeding spectrum and the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00124-00030570-00030785": "spectrum comment one of the things you", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00125-00030786-00031172": "notice is a very large presence of water", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00126-00031173-00031402": "this is h2o so take spectrum of a", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00127-00031404-00031583": "comment well peels one of the things in", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00128-00031583-00031961": "there I did is water but the state of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00129-00031962-00032138": "that water is and what impact it has had", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00130-00032139-00032291": "on here is something that we're very", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00131-00032292-00032582": "interested but we'll be back there first", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00132-00032583-00032762": "I want to start a little bit close to", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00133-00032763-00033188": "home this me giving standing as you", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00134-00033189-00033509": "might imagine boss color that is color", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00135-00033510-00033622": "we can't", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00136-00033623-00033884": "so it's unnatural color your eyes would", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00137-00033885-00034121": "see or with the instrument receipt but", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00138-00034122-00034382": "if it stands a little bit this is an", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00139-00034383-00034844": "object instances 30 rounds remarkably", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00140-00034845-00035135": "some of the crater printers like this", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00141-00035136-00035486": "and it looks very very good and what I'm", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00142-00035487-00035611": "hoping is Contin", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00143-00035612-00035908": "I share this picture I ask me like what", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00144-00035909-00036085": "else do they think it so last year we", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00145-00036086-00036615": "make this particular so you're just like", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00146-00036616-00037003": "the good folks of the stock you're all", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00147-00037004-00037225": "set into the moon it makes me not", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00148-00037226-00037660": "through love trippin a bit sex a picture", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00149-00037661-00037815": "of a planet murder", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00150-00037816-00038086": "so the interim planet our solar system", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00151-00038087-00038365": "that orbits the Sun once every 88 days", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00152-00038366-00038542": "or so this is what we're tree looks like", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00153-00038543-00038734": "that folks this is a picture taken from", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00154-00038735-00038965": "the messenger spacecraft which is asking", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00155-00038966-00039162": "the mystic orbiting about mercury taking", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00156-00039163-00039289": "lots of images and doing lots of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00157-00039290-00039489": "measurements fascinating what you place", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00158-00039490-00039727": "and so another picture this also have", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00159-00039728-00040033": "mercury surprised that we scientists", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00160-00040034-00040225": "discovered you could be caged of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00161-00040226-00040417": "burglary there detective is little", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00162-00040418-00040660": "things to be up here this is a picture", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00163-00040661-00041040": "of a sexual to college mom and actually", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00164-00041041-00041392": "use it to a water so despite the fact", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00165-00041393-00041608": "that mercury is very close to Sun their", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00166-00041609-00041926": "pockets of light 7 some of the craters", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00167-00041927-00042102": "and then when they are illuminated by", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00168-00042103-00042331": "the Sun that ice will become water", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00169-00042332-00042658": "acidic Jedi like to in space mercury can", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00170-00042659-00042811": "be a very interesting planet", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00171-00042812-00043065": "if we don't be our referee a little bit", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00172-00043066-00043339": "and you whisper ticular planet this is", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00173-00043340-00043621": "our twin is about the same size the same", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00174-00043622-00043887": "mass as the earth this is the planet", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00175-00043888-00044536": "Venus is only about 0.9 times the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00176-00044537-00044725": "distance from the Sun repeater so the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00177-00044726-00044877": "little clothes of the sudden the earth", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00178-00044878-00045055": "the thing about Venus is it's very", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00179-00045056-00045292": "heavily cloud covering clouds the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00180-00045293-00045493": "atmosphere of Venus is about under times", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00181-00045494-00045796": "thicker the extra earth other than that", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00182-00045797-00046083": "is shooting a point of the earth sign is", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00183-00046084-00046243": "reaching writers in the early part of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00184-00046244-00046511": "the 1900 love to imagine", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00185-00046512-00046826": "with this warm tropical paradise for", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00186-00046827-00047192": "dinosaurs problem turns out that's the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00187-00047193-00047474": "case well we now go is read into the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00188-00047475-00047864": "service sector degrees and when it rains", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00189-00047865-00048182": "audience its sulfuric acid rain there", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00190-00048183-00048332": "are not a very pleasant place to be", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00191-00048333-00048662": "swept effect is first wing and there is", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00192-00048663-00048911": "a radar image of the is a different", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00193-00048912-00049130": "technique astronomers to use the Cynthia", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00194-00049131-00049406": "is firing a beam of radiation towards", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00195-00049407-00049634": "the planets oh well I have to balance", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00196-00049635-00049811": "all the surface of the planet and then", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00197-00049812-00050024": "detecting the reflection of that single", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00198-00050025-00050261": "active radio telescopes on the earth and", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00199-00050262-00050480": "through that technique you can actually", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00200-00050481-00050717": "map the surface of the planet measure", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00201-00050718-00051032": "how to train varies and this is what we", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00202-00051033-00051389": "get for a picture of Venus through the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00203-00051390-00051548": "white areas are a little bit higher off", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00204-00051549-00051686": "the dirt through Norwich a little bit", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00205-00051687-00051899": "lower to interesting what we looking", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00206-00051900-00052282": "place radar lives this you should all be", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00207-00052283-00052682": "label this is our own dear planet", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00208-00052683-00053390": "I'm sorry from here further to break", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00209-00053391-00053828": "less remarkably you need in our", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00210-00053829-00054091": "experience looking at other planets so", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00211-00054092-00054260": "here is what we call one pass a table", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00212-00054261-00054437": "will unit away from the Sun and what you", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00213-00054438-00054590": "need to appreciate about astronomers is", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00214-00054591-00054740": "that we like to make our life easy and", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00215-00054741-00054986": "so we see how far away is the girl from", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00216-00054987-00055178": "the side it is one astronomical unit", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00217-00055179-00055412": "you're just defining an astronomical", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00218-00055413-00055634": "unit as the distance between the Sun of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00219-00055635-00055910": "the earth just to make life easy okay so", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00220-00055911-00056116": "keep that and it takes the earth one", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00221-00056117-00056529": "years ago around the Sun simple numbers", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00222-00056530-00056894": "will be okay now if we go on up to one", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00223-00056895-00057101": "and a half astronaut for you so a little", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00224-00057102-00057355": "bit farther out we did do this planet", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00225-00057357-00057784": "fascinating place so the exploration and", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00226-00057785-00058189": "fantasy this is the red planet of Mars", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00227-00058190-00058613": "what you see here is the largest canyon", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00228-00058614-00058850": "in the solar system that we know except", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00229-00058851-00059191": "three thousand kilometers remarkable", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00230-00059192-00059402": "feature of the surface of Mars bar and", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00231-00059403-00059494": "uh phone", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00232-00059495-00059741": "volcano we know of in the sources it is", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00233-00059741-00059932": "not active but is about three times", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00234-00059933-00060197": "higher than Mount Everest use of the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00235-00060198-00060461": "skin cute", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00236-00060462-00060749": "Mars is a fascinating place for a lot of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00237-00060750-00061003": "reasons one is a fairly recent", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00238-00061004-00061232": "realization has been confirmed over and", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00239-00061233-00061354": "over again over the last few years that", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00240-00061355-00061571": "once upon a time Mars is covered with", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00241-00061572-00061915": "water once at a nice liquid whooshing", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00242-00061916-00062234": "the big question that that scientists", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00243-00062235-00062429": "try to answer now is what happened to", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00244-00062429-00062851": "all that water on Mars and the water", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00245-00062852-00063082": "lasts long enough for Mars to ever have", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00246-00063083-00063304": "life develop on its surface and so one", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00247-00063305-00063461": "of the things that after that the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00248-00063462-00063644": "American space agency has been trying to", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00249-00063645-00063832": "do the number of experiments is to", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00250-00063833-00064066": "search for evidence of life on Mars pack", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00251-00064067-00064385": "light we know we're fairly certain there", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00252-00064386-00064657": "is no current life on Mars or social", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00253-00064658-00065017": "post back in 1976 the very first Lander", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00254-00065019-00065339": "landed on Mars there is hope and", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00255-00065340-00065722": "internal cameras and see something", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00256-00065723-00065982": "straight across the landscape above", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00257-00065983-00066254": "despite or whatever it was there's a", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00258-00066255-00066461": "little bit of that maybe as we landed", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00259-00066462-00066619": "there we would see something crawling", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00260-00066620-00067400": "around so it lost what a half for the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00261-00067401-00067724": "Sun for far away so all these four", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00262-00067725-00067909": "others that have to show your content", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00263-00067910-00068210": "they're all rocky planets they're", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00264-00068211-00068618": "largely to thrive for rock so once you", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00265-00068619-00068848": "sort of managing what the curves we have", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00266-00068849-00069224": "largest naina what Phoenix mana it is", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00267-00069225-00069509": "look roughly to get a little token if", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00268-00069510-00069713": "you ask you ask together put them", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00269-00069714-00069881": "together into a molecule", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00270-00069882-00070097": "perhaps a little matte medium a little", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00271-00070098-00070385": "bit higher you have a silicate largely", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00272-00070386-00070581": "with", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00273-00070582-00071028": "we're mountain iron rig mats of nickel", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00274-00071029-00071149": "largely", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00275-00071150-00071704": "well and so every ski mask and it's a", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00276-00071705-00072192": "very very very unwinnable situation", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00277-00072193-00072394": "let's just give you a sense of scale", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00278-00072395-00072715": "there would be the Sun each of these", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00279-00072716-00072904": "blue circles represents before we look", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00280-00072905-00073165": "like so that maybe for refrigerant there", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00281-00073166-00073393": "is before mustiness you're on the earth", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00282-00073394-00073684": "you're with Mars and we're about to get", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00283-00073685-00073915": "you Department of Children all of these", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00284-00073916-00074236": "colorful dots seems you are those chunks", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00285-00074237-00074530": "of rock 12 stories and why I say it's a", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00286-00074531-00074764": "very unrealistic picture is that in", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00287-00074765-00074926": "order to be able to see the doctor that", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00288-00074927-00075127": "something so much bigger than Astro it", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00289-00075128-00075517": "really is this is a vanilla and going", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00290-00075518-00075772": "for Mars Jupiter you can fly through", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00291-00075773-00076024": "there without running into asteroid not", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00292-00076025-00076366": "an impenetrable wall of objects if you", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00293-00076367-00076675": "have to okay this is a bit of newest but", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00294-00076676-00076909": "we got it if that's the Clemont outside", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00295-00076910-00077077": "of Mars or there's this huge", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00296-00077078-00077326": "distribution of a lot of asteroid", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00297-00077327-00077536": "battles of event these are rocks at", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00298-00077537-00077838": "likely tune five ten kilometers across", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00299-00077839-00078160": "or relieved outside so stronger is", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00300-00078161-00078550": "amazing hundreds said aha look at this", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00301-00078551-00078721": "we understand things now there's this", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00302-00078722-00078997": "gap mysterious gap between Mars and", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00303-00078998-00079246": "Jupiter filled with these rocks there", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00304-00079247-00079564": "was a planetary the planet exploded that", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00305-00079565-00079939": "evidence terms of the subject very", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00306-00079940-00080134": "likely it was just as debris left over", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00307-00080135-00080404": "the formation of the sources to breathe", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00308-00080405-00080662": "it did not manage to find its way into", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00309-00080663-00080991": "its website and so remains asteroids oh", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00310-00080992-00081364": "how are you familiar with the story of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00311-00081365-00082009": "Pluto on an aged so about ten years you", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00312-00082010-00082267": "know astronomers in the Elizabeth but", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00313-00082268-00082657": "who know who's no longer planning it", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00314-00082658-00083032": "devotes with a plan to keep me to work", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00315-00083033-00083509": "look up but Bethany hunters when the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00316-00083510-00083756": "very first asteroid was discussed", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00317-00083757-00084056": "he was called the planet it would be", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00318-00084057-00084362": "missing flats the marquetry real", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00319-00084363-00084556": "difference is that genre shortly", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00320-00084557-00084769": "thereafter discovered the second", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00321-00084770-00084941": "asteroid and then the third and the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00322-00084942-00085112": "fourth and with it and pretty soon", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00323-00085113-00085282": "became very clear there are really", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00324-00085283-00085580": "objects in there and so we do not will", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00325-00085581-00085831": "go on or call that black keeps another", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00326-00085832-00086015": "name called an escalator it just took us", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00327-00086016-00086297": "a lot longer to find all the other", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00328-00086298-00086581": "things out by Pluto's book but we'll get", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00329-00086582-00087073": "to that story later on so I want to jump", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00330-00087074-00087331": "here for Mars and now we're going into", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00331-00087332-00087481": "the realm of the outer solar system", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00332-00087482-00087821": "Jupiter is about five astronomical units", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00333-00087822-00088265": "away to buy times farther away from the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00334-00088266-00088574": "Sun the earth is and it's a very", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00335-00088575-00089123": "different place when we go to that", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00336-00089124-00089307": "Jupiter first of all it's very colorful", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00337-00089308-00089642": "and such a fan zillion bought-out has", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00338-00089643-00089867": "this red spots near the Great Red Spot", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00339-00089868-00090124": "which is first observed by Galileo in", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00340-00090125-00090412": "1610 spot has been there for", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00341-00090413-00090550": "approximately at least four hundred", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00342-00090551-00090953": "years probably longer is a storm that's", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00343-00090954-00091150": "very much like a typhoon or a hurricane", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00344-00091151-00091535": "as we call the northern hemisphere the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00345-00091536-00091724": "storm engine lasting on Jupiter for", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00346-00091725-00092344": "centuries spins about ten times larger", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00347-00092345-00092741": "than the earth so if you imagine a", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00348-00092742-00093043": "typhoon that lasts for four hundred", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00349-00093044-00093578": "years ever goes away that is what we", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00350-00093579-00093826": "have and it's all about the various", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00351-00093827-00093899": "measure", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00352-00093900-00094190": "missing like noon hour in the United", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00353-00094191-00094393": "States is that it builds up over very", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00354-00094394-00094715": "warm ocean and it gets a lot of energy", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00355-00094716-00094949": "from that warm water and that energy", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00356-00094950-00095275": "causes was spinning to go around what", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00357-00095276-00095434": "does it do with that energy", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00358-00095435-00095786": "it keeps landing and then deposits that", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00359-00095787-00096080": "energy wind and rain and it loses energy", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00360-00096081-00096359": "and it passes over land there gives no", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00361-00096360-00096636": "land for the red spot of Jupiter", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00362-00096637-00096855": "so there is no way for it to get rid of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00363-00096856-00097191": "its energy is actually counseling Gators", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00364-00097192-00097461": "probably atmosphere it has become", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00365-00097462-00097632": "another part of our our our solar system", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00366-00097633-00097974": "after that hasnothing so 100 times", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00367-00097975-00098244": "farther away the Sun denier to me rock", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00368-00098245-00098709": "you to planet set almost everybody's", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00369-00098710-00099636": "favorite everybody loves with Galileo", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00370-00099637-00099897": "first oven Solomon and then he will get", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00371-00099898-00100185": "a little while later years later and so", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00372-00100186-00100290": "they disappeared", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00373-00100291-00100650": "and if I static and eaten druid boy it", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00374-00100651-00100826": "all away", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00375-00100827-00101064": "Saturn description whether they colossal", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00376-00101065-00101301": "EEG Stuart outside o'clock so senator", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00377-00101302-00101493": "has very very interesting property the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00378-00101494-00101706": "density of Saturn but less than one gram", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00379-00101707-00101832": "per cubic centimeter", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00380-00101833-00102597": "so yes wonderful order the Rings well", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00381-00102598-00102779": "they look like solid sheets are made of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00382-00102780-00103085": "entrained parks lots of it's nice flat", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00383-00103086-00103314": "distribution products so those of you", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00384-00103315-00103691": "who are students tell me master", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00385-00103692-00104049": "interview physics students if you like", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00386-00104050-00104439": "problems of dynamics the motions of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00387-00104440-00104675": "particles that have articles interrupt", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00388-00104676-00104997": "Saturn's rings are an incredibly", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00389-00104998-00105231": "wonderful laboratory for thinking about", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00390-00105232-00105663": "that addicts how these absolutely fast", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00391-00105664-00105974": "it's great place to spend in space", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00392-00105975-00106308": "here's a melodious better paid by the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00393-00106308-00106500": "music Cassini family that has been", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00394-00106501-00106671": "warming Center there's better part of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00395-00106672-00106944": "seven years now this review from sort of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00396-00106945-00107108": "the northern hemisphere of Saturn", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00397-00107109-00107316": "looking down onto the planet there sat", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00398-00107317-00107472": "itself there is the ring that you can", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00399-00107473-00107711": "see some light shines here and see there", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00400-00107713-00108074": "to the North Pole of Saturn fascinating", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00401-00108075-00108511": "it's a gas giant at his trooper largely", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00402-00108513-00108840": "Larsen spit towards refined hydrogen and", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00403-00108841-00109235": "helium the interesting thing they factor", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00404-00109236-00109368": "that first part tuned about the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00405-00109369-00109590": "formation of our solar system achill", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00406-00109591-00109824": "composition SATA and junior", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00407-00109825-00110073": "match almost exactly the chemical", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00408-00110074-00110366": "composition of the Sun the Sun and the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00409-00110367-00110672": "giant planets formed out of the standard", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00410-00110673-00110964": "it's a bit of a confirmation of our all", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00411-00110965-00111491": "that we have talked about earlier okay I", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00412-00111492-00111840": "know really nice pictures so I just put", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00413-00111841-00112101": "it in so here is their there's one of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00414-00112102-00112235": "the moons of Saturn of Maronites", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00415-00112236-00112419": "Crescent honestly you can see what", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00416-00112420-00112583": "statically now one of the new things", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00417-00112584-00112815": "about Saturn is give me to go back to", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00418-00112816-00113202": "ring laser is very thin compared to to", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00419-00113203-00113604": "their 50 stop to the width and so as the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00420-00113605-00113856": "Earth orbits the Sun and as Saturn", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00421-00113857-00114078": "orbits the Sun there's kind of a hundred", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00422-00114079-00114432": "eleven years or so where our vantage", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00423-00114433-00114900": "point we see the Rings edge on and if", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00424-00114901-00115047": "you look at the Rings and click the edge", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00425-00115048-00115533": "on a simply disappear now when I was", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00426-00115533-00115797": "about eight or nine years old I did not", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00427-00115798-00116232": "know that I did Saturday mornings are", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00428-00116233-00116636": "always better so I don't tell us okay go", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00429-00116638-00116751": "out of backyard", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00430-00116752-00117246": "I want like tell super sad but off and I", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00431-00117247-00117705": "look great you see the ring now look at", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00432-00117706-00117921": "my hat again where Shire has got a", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00433-00117922-00118680": "chance so here's where are you out there", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00434-00118681-00119322": "- I said northern later Ottawa and we", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00435-00119323-00119544": "caught a quickly here caught the Rings", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00436-00119545-00119607": "edge off", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00437-00119608-00119834": "here's their channels what the hell is", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00438-00119835-00120191": "that said okay now this is a really", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00439-00120192-00120482": "efficient restrictive blows me away", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00440-00120483-00120704": "here's the picture of dated by the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00441-00120705-00120941": "Cassini mission again unmanned mission", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00442-00120942-00121286": "or make shadow and what you see here is", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00443-00121288-00121506": "the edge", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00444-00121507-00121833": "greatest parts of Saturn's rings so the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00445-00121833-00122142": "back pictures here the spirit center has", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00446-00122143-00122469": "rage and itch like basically has to hear", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00447-00122470-00122733": "but we look beyond that edge when you're", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00448-00122733-00122949": "up close and in the system you can see", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00449-00122950-00123219": "that the Rings actually extend much", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00450-00123220-00123843": "further up so as one remarkable aspect", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00451-00123844-00123999": "in this picture the other remarkable", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00452-00124000-00124263": "aspect of this picture is that little", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00453-00124264-00125073": "dots will do this it up that is an image", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00454-00125074-00125313": "of Earth taken from Saturday through", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00455-00125314-00125727": "Saturn's ring so if you are out except", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00456-00125728-00126308": "looking back at home there's home right", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00457-00126309-00126536": "there so I heard up close picture", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00458-00126538-00126746": "problem well yeah that's more familiar", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00459-00126747-00127038": "if that is a piece of European protector", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00460-00127039-00127259": "to give you some differences of scale", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00461-00127260-00127527": "the communication time understands about", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00462-00127528-00127914": "an app it's a source which means that if", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00463-00127915-00128097": "I said what if you have a Saturn and I", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00464-00128098-00128424": "say to call when you get there so once", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00465-00128425-00128583": "you get the Saturn you call them and say", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00466-00128583-00129000": "I made that an hour half later does a", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00467-00129001-00129402": "computer will hear pci-e etcetera it was", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00468-00129403-00129985": "a great house of you our great", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00469-00129986-00130314": "opportunity now let's extend the lowers", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00470-00130315-00130680": "worth of whether it makes these", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00471-00130681-00130956": "technological accomplishments of going", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00472-00130957-00131268": "to set absolutely one the ability of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00473-00131269-00131496": "Cygnus spacecraft how it arrived at that", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00474-00131497-00131787": "are each expected how to operate as you", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00475-00131788-00131988": "expect to up work and you be able to", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00476-00131989-00132304": "manage as seamlessly demand", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00477-00132305-00132589": "last decade is actually wrong given how", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00478-00132590-00132754": "long with these two to communicate", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00479-00132755-00133171": "blackboard and well another example a so", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00480-00133172-00133333": "we are the farmer throughout of the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00481-00133334-00133657": "solar system down or out it's a 23", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00482-00133658-00133906": "astronomical units to come across", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00483-00133907-00134257": "nervous your it is not visible with the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00484-00134258-00134502": "naked eye needing help sincere", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00485-00134503-00134749": "disparities we felt so it was the first", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00486-00134750-00135007": "planet that was discovered the ancients", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00487-00135008-00135142": "knew about the other let's be honest", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00488-00135143-00135352": "with appreciate what I know it yours is", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00489-00135353-00135886": "very blue it is not by the side in the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00490-00135887-00136141": "sense that is not life science spinning", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00491-00136142-00136372": "like this as it goes around the Sun", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00492-00136373-00136702": "rather than spinning like that but", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00493-00136703-00136855": "you're alive and they've been something", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00494-00136856-00137029": "that early in the formation of yours it", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00495-00137030-00137383": "ran into something not the Arkansas it", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00496-00137384-00137490": "work", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00497-00137491-00137779": "look at that University insects and", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00498-00137780-00138157": "emulated hardware deploy astronomically", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00499-00138158-00138463": "intercept forty times for annoyance of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00500-00138464-00138789": "your business we come across net", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00501-00138790-00139066": "processing silencer is over at ten times", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00502-00139067-00139294": "derivative in the earth again turn blue", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00503-00139295-00139666": "it has its own storm but does go in a", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00504-00139667-00140170": "while it was not not going excited now", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00505-00140171-00140383": "we actually know very little about their", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00506-00140384-00140599": "defenses America Jupiter Saturn because", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00507-00140600-00140929": "we have only fittin one satellite -", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00508-00140930-00141184": "irrespective of warrior two spacecraft", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00509-00141185-00141567": "which is launched the 1970s made at", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00510-00141568-00141994": "urine 1986 and next to me", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00511-00141995-00142244": "on its way out to the other edge", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00512-00142245-00142568": "resources where is the ocean so for", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00513-00142569-00142733": "about a week we had an old spacecraft", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00514-00142734-00143081": "flying by your mind I have to send back", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00515-00143082-00143228": "all sorts of pictures and that's were", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00516-00143229-00143560": "the best year we've got of these planets", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00517-00143561-00144059": "millou likely comes from methane Harvard", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00518-00144060-00144194": "for life and atoms stuck together", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00519-00144195-00144401": "nothing it maybe is a wonderful absorber", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00520-00144402-00144761": "of red light and solar sees blue so the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00521-00144762-00144953": "composition of URIs mixing is a little", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00522-00144954-00145115": "bit different than Jupiter is that", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00523-00145116-00145234": "normal", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00524-00145235-00145493": "reliving that our interior is nephew's", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00525-00145494-00145871": "problem like more water or water ice but", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00526-00145872-00146072": "make up the interiors of these two", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00527-00146073-00146288": "planets so sometimes Jupiter and Saturn", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00528-00146289-00146600": "overthrew with gas giants and Uranus and", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00529-00146601-00147137": "Neptune will refer to it oh look at that", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00530-00147138-00147365": "so we had a little cartoon of what they", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00531-00147366-00147530": "like and they go here stupider and", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00532-00147531-00147824": "Saturn over here ice and rocks deep down", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00533-00147825-00148022": "in the core babies don't really know", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00534-00148023-00148391": "very hard at how you can play it's hard", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00535-00148392-00148601": "imagine Heather would be something solid", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00536-00148602-00148805": "you the cores of those planets but we're", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00537-00148806-00149051": "not quite sure as we go out in both", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00538-00149052-00149261": "objects there's a layer of so-called", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00539-00149262-00149462": "metallic hydrogen that is if I think", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00540-00149463-00149645": "I've been on a compresses it up under", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00541-00149646-00149882": "enough density I will liberate an", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00542-00149883-00150182": "electron and so a hydrogen gas so", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00543-00150183-00150499": "compressed will act as a conductor", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00544-00150500-00150755": "electricity can flow through this", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00545-00150756-00150971": "metallic art and if you have this", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00546-00150972-00151208": "conducting media low metallic Eisen and", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00547-00151209-00151475": "something like Jupiter Saturn spin once", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00548-00151476-00151811": "every 10 hours it was really rapid", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00549-00151812-00152018": "rotation and I have this conducting", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00550-00152019-00152192": "medium deep death you're going to", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00551-00152193-00152342": "generate for with all my hands you", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00552-00152343-00152612": "decide you're sending that trooper has a", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00553-00152613-00152852": "strong magnetic field forces to this", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00554-00152853-00153221": "device really really good feel Springs", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00555-00153222-00153416": "and then on the outer layers you'll see", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00556-00153417-00153617": "some molecular hydrogen mixing of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00557-00153618-00153848": "ammonia a little bit of methane things", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00558-00153849-00154121": "like that so large electric legs faster", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00559-00154122-00154322": "we think the composition structure of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00560-00154323-00154643": "these we got here is a Neptune again", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00561-00154644-00154706": "question", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00562-00154707-00155099": "there's rocks in for think so very love", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00563-00155100-00155362": "and then probably some mixture of ice", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00564-00155363-00155633": "and rock in here and then that molecular", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00565-00155634-00156086": "hydrogen methane layer the interior", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00566-00156087-00156151": "structure", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00567-00156152-00156347": "none of the silicates and if there are", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00568-00156348-00156538": "solar system deep that here but the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00569-00156539-00156927": "earth of Venus Mars completely different", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00570-00156928-00157201": "completely different shapes or not a", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00571-00157202-00157429": "subscriber completed find the power", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00572-00157430-00158057": "another product and just as a caution", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00573-00158058-00158432": "for those of us of a certain age we", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00574-00158433-00158735": "understood long ago how to live a", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00575-00158736-00159001": "planetary system you make a small rocky", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00576-00159002-00159211": "planets close to the star you make you", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00577-00159212-00159424": "feel fast Express far away from the star", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00578-00159425-00159811": "all these adults are discovering lots of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00579-00159812-00159959": "other planetary systems it had big", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00580-00159960-00160662": "gashes things very close to their stars", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00581-00160663-00160900": "now one of the new things about the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00582-00160901-00161198": "outer products junior side they had a", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00583-00161199-00161391": "lot of moves", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00584-00161392-00161611": "some of them is in the really remarkable", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00585-00161612-00161831": "place it's all I think a bit of time to", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00586-00161832-00162083": "to show you and take a tour some of the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00587-00162084-00162262": "moons of the outer planets begin you", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00588-00162263-00162473": "should scale here's here's the diameters", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00589-00162474-00162770": "of some things are familiar with Mercury", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00590-00162771-00162988": "Earth with over many more of them and", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00591-00162989-00163090": "there are a bunch of millions of the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00592-00163091-00163244": "outer planets which will get you here", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00593-00163245-00163583": "their densities are Chris barely gets is", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00594-00163584-00163729": "up there a little bit 1/2 grams per", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00595-00163730-00163924": "cubic centimeter we are always open up", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00596-00163925-00164174": "to familiar on their own and I are about", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00597-00164175-00164345": "the same and then we drop down we've", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00598-00164346-00164587": "seen around two or so grams per cubic", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00599-00164588-00164906": "centimeter so basically these are so", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00600-00164907-00165086": "look at like this been object to the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00601-00165087-00165316": "inner part and sources for those of you", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00602-00165317-00165698": "who are fans of Greek literature you", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00603-00165699-00165899": "will know that Io Europa Ganymede and", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00604-00165900-00166225": "Callisto were the lives of Jupiter is", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00605-00166226-00166486": "every time and so that's how they got", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00606-00166487-00166611": "their pains", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00607-00166612-00167238": "Triton is saving yet to hold", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00608-00167239-00167551": "okay to your sort of photo gallery some", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00609-00167552-00167719": "of the famous ones here the famous four", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00610-00167720-00167821": "moons of Jupiter", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00611-00167822-00168115": "Io Europa Ganymede and Callisto in water", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00612-00168116-00168490": "on Jupiter and here what I remember or", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00613-00168491-00168718": "the thing that we would say I eat green", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00614-00168719-00169300": "carrots we look at Saturn Saturn has a", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00615-00169301-00169491": "bunch of slow-moving pigeons one of the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00616-00169492-00169720": "favorite items we'll talk about later", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00617-00169721-00170227": "Europe had a dispute dark you know very", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00618-00170228-00170383": "little about the visitors", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00619-00170384-00170752": "very good they are you are fan of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00620-00170753-00170932": "English literature all named after", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00621-00170933-00171141": "characters English literature most of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00622-00171142-00171339": "which comfortable playing cheeks and", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00623-00171340-00171613": "then there's Neptune which has tried", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00624-00171614-00171799": "mystics Marva spinners and its other", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00625-00171800-00172021": "objects for our size to present any kind", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00626-00172022-00172462": "of scale okay there's the family", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00627-00172463-00172740": "portrait for Jupiter score Galilean said", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00628-00172741-00172977": "these are discovered by Galileo the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00629-00172978-00173185": "twenties telescope with you through the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00630-00173186-00173377": "notice these four dots that seem to move", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00631-00173378-00173611": "around Jupiter it was a remarkable", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00632-00173612-00173877": "discovery because for the very first", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00633-00173878-00174181": "time there's evidence that there was", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00634-00174182-00174510": "something out there in space that other", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00635-00174511-00174852": "objects went around up until the time", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00636-00174853-00175009": "what you everything went around", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00637-00175010-00175396": "the earth some revolutionary idea maybe", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00638-00175397-00175609": "something around the Sun but that wasn't", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00639-00175610-00175846": "all the I gave it before there's", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00640-00175847-00176011": "something out there other stuff is", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00641-00176012-00176251": "moving around it seemed to apply the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00642-00176252-00176569": "universal spectrum it's all vanilla", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00643-00176570-00177247": "I asked Rafa Ganymede we all say we go", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00644-00177248-00177412": "in the same direction they all move in", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00645-00177413-00177652": "the same place okay that's what we might", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00646-00177653-00177871": "propriate Arbitron Tyranno same way what", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00647-00177872-00177976": "are the important things", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00648-00177977-00178246": "about our solar system by your logs", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00649-00178247-00178441": "there are exception to this turbine", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00650-00178442-00178663": "marks every cleaning the solar system", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00651-00178664-00179069": "works in the same direction and spins in", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00652-00179070-00179461": "the same direction so the Earth spins in", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00653-00179462-00179618": "the same direction it is orbiting the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00654-00179619-00179858": "Sun in the same direction of the Sun is", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00655-00179859-00180032": "spinning it's the same direction the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00656-00180033-00180211": "moon is orbiting the earth the same", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00657-00180212-00180424": "threat since the moon is fitted same", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00658-00180425-00180646": "direction that Mars and Venus and", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00659-00180647-00180901": "Jupiter and Saturn orbit the Sun largely", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00660-00180902-00181195": "receiver esque of spin seeing directions", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00661-00181196-00181383": "movements of the big planets go around", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00662-00181384-00181633": "pretty much everything the solar system", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00663-00181634-00181931": "is spinning orbiting in the same", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00664-00181932-00181994": "direction", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00665-00181995-00182320": "the exceptions are relation that's by a", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00666-00182321-00182599": "larger role of through levels so the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00667-00182600-00182761": "mass the total mass of the storm", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00668-00182762-00183070": "Atlantic about the same at Mars they've", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00669-00183071-00183247": "got a little bit of a heavy element of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00670-00183248-00183443": "our expense or where the Sun and extends", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00671-00183444-00183976": "30 times your readings Joey's system not", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00672-00183977-00184145": "quite like this but there are some", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00673-00184146-00184360": "questions about whether the system of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00674-00184361-00184561": "moons around you learn that is similar", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00675-00184562-00184912": "to to scale some sources as a whole now", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00676-00184913-00185191": "making things that goes on in Jupiter's", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00677-00185192-00185593": "system our tidal force and it is ready", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00678-00185594-00185815": "and that is to say that if I have an", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00679-00185816-00186068": "object for example the middle the middle", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00680-00186069-00186277": "it is exerting a gravitational tug on", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00681-00186278-00186532": "the earth the graduates will tell on", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00682-00186533-00186703": "this side is a little bit stronger than", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00683-00186704-00186995": "the gravitational tug on that side so of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00684-00186996-00187339": "course of a day and bigger spins is", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00685-00187340-00187585": "spinning through these bulges one liquid", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00686-00187586-00187957": "it's only etat so your sense because of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00687-00187958-00188318": "gravity gravitational pull factors", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00688-00188319-00188770": "different", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00689-00188771-00188996": "so here a broken through these tiny", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00690-00188997-00189302": "frozen water three times twice a day as", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00691-00189303-00189380": "a result of it", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00692-00189381-00189842": "the single process properties and so", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00693-00189843-00190157": "back in 1970 Holly if you're living in", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00694-00190158-00190241": "we're scientists", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00695-00190242-00190559": "this is fantastic stuff when you write a", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00696-00190560-00190775": "cake and you make a prediction", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00697-00190776-00191024": "so these are authors whether Franklin", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00698-00191025-00191210": "made a prediction of the dissipation of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00699-00191211-00191414": "tidal energy in Jupiter's satellite", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00700-00191415-00191741": "island is likely to have melted a major", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00701-00191742-00191987": "fraction of the mask consequences will", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00702-00191988-00192191": "be largely molten interior may be", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00703-00192192-00192401": "evident in pictures of iOS surface", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00704-00192402-00192695": "returned by Voyager 1 what you want to", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00705-00192696-00193085": "space back in 1939 on its waging did not", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00706-00193086-00193169": "arrive at you", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00707-00193170-00193361": "it's a based on some very simple", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00708-00193362-00193556": "calculations these authors it concluded", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00709-00193557-00193882": "that those tidal forces and IO must feel", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00710-00193883-00194192": "were probably strong enough to melt the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00711-00194193-00194591": "interior provided the term rock into", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00712-00194592-00194855": "molten rock and the multiple carrier we", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00713-00194856-00195116": "shouldn't see heavens on the suits that", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00714-00195117-00195422": "was their prediction so boys are one got", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00715-00195423-00195575": "to giblets at some very nice pictures", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00716-00195576-00195797": "and this is one of the most famous ones", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00717-00195798-00196007": "and it's a right when it got through", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00718-00196008-00196322": "style and lo and behold right there on", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00719-00196323-00196624": "the edge of aya is a volcanic eruption", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00720-00196625-00196913": "so in fact I adults who work with me", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00721-00196914-00197239": "look at it turns out that it years", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00722-00197240-00197576": "particular it is the most volcanic place", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00723-00197577-00197942": "in the solar system is molten is covered", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00724-00197943-00198287": "with subtly called geysers opening the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00725-00198288-00198518": "surface mobile material is losing half", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00726-00198519-00198755": "shooting out of space you can see a", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00727-00198756-00198938": "picture of it here this is just all", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00728-00198939-00199217": "these geysers that the see all the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00729-00199218-00199478": "circus life there is flows of mobile", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00730-00199479-00199697": "material officers there really is very", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00731-00199698-00199982": "little that that solid he wants and on", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00732-00199983-00200492": "in the midst of all of this in so it's", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00733-00200493-00200780": "because of these hieroglyphs that Iowa", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00734-00200781-00201194": "so vocab management here that's of all", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00735-00201195-00201353": "the pictures is but the color is kind of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00736-00201354-00201395": "weird", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00737-00201396-00201670": "a hot spot showing you with inactive", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00738-00201671-00201860": "eruptions on the surface", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00739-00201861-00202076": "I'll fear them cheating material items", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00740-00202077-00202238": "states on the edge you can see these", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00741-00202239-00202460": "bezel cast these guys are shooting", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00742-00202461-00203218": "material wait long please boiling away", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00743-00203219-00203501": "all because of these kind of forces at", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00744-00203502-00203984": "work on an anticipatory ejections of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00745-00203985-00204461": "material service so iOS no evidence of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00746-00204462-00204640": "water unlike all the other Institute", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00747-00204641-00205021": "will talk with water in the UV put warm", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00748-00205023-00205273": "in green on energy interior and that's", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00749-00205275-00205598": "life and the tile forces are probably as", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00750-00205598-00206123": "a result of this okay for realizing", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00751-00206123-00206626": "these please ah okay", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00752-00206627-00207004": "there's I'll if we go on to the next", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00753-00207005-00207292": "this is your rope and so you can make", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00754-00207294-00207487": "the same calculation we made for I out", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00755-00207488-00207694": "the calculate that iOS interior must be", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00756-00207696-00207896": "molten because of all that tidal energy", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00757-00207896-00208114": "you can apply it to your rope let's say", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00758-00208115-00208250": "when you wrote as a little part of going", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00759-00208251-00208462": "to do group when some is kind of course", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00760-00208463-00208694": "is a little bit weaker so maybe it's not", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00761-00208694-00209014": "quite as much tile Kia T and so maybe", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00762-00209015-00209380": "that's what is molten but if it has ice", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00763-00209381-00209792": "it's probably going to be with and so", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00764-00209792-00210263": "here's my picture covered with lice nice", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00765-00210264-00210466": "cracks that run through it", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00766-00210467-00210806": "let's remark and so astronomers sort of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00767-00210807-00211057": "thinking biker over notice the service", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00768-00211058-00211244": "was covered in these Pratt's", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00769-00211244-00211544": "notices lack of craters on the surface", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00770-00211544-00211877": "of your mother see very very few craters", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00771-00211878-00212173": "on this one and that is imitations", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00772-00212175-00212423": "assailants inverted young terms of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00773-00212423-00212729": "geological timescales and you can ask", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00774-00212730-00212894": "the question if I die surface of ice", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00775-00212894-00213259": "that is cracked and the service is very", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00776-00213260-00213623": "young that implies that there must be", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00777-00213623-00213759": "something that move", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00778-00213760-00214023": "underneath that service device and Asian", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00779-00214023-00214398": "inflows to resurface the planet and if", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00780-00214398-00214617": "inclusion you reach for that is that", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00781-00214617-00214836": "your rope of very likely have a link", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00782-00214837-00215067": "with YouTube and that link is very", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00783-00215067-00215541": "likely well go fast these two system is", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00784-00215542-00215712": "a public service up close and personal", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00785-00215713-00215964": "and prefer to study the ice and safety", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00786-00215965-00216255": "our conclusion that aesthetic ice layers", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00787-00216256-00216462": "over top of at the water", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00788-00216463-00216773": "this is very good this is what that high", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00789-00216775-00217067": "schools so you can wish the authority", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00790-00217069-00217323": "yeah this pieces water underneath its", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00791-00217323-00217614": "Isolators zero how thick that ice layer", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00792-00217615-00217884": "is not quite sure it's pretty convincing", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00793-00217885-00218088": "evidence underneath that ice layer is a", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00794-00218089-00218337": "liquid ocean sighs I mean question does", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00795-00218338-00218546": "it have a subsurface subsurface ocean", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00796-00218548-00218859": "the answers probably yes what accounts", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00797-00218860-00219023": "for those features also services", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00798-00219025-00219225": "probably notion of the ice cubed bikes", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00799-00219226-00219453": "with the water it's the chemical", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00800-00219454-00219603": "composition that water are the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00801-00219604-00219789": "impurities that would be really", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00802-00219790-00220200": "interesting to okay so take a spectrum", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00803-00220201-00220341": "of the surface of your world when you do", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00804-00220342-00220626": "sea water so it's water ice and I say", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00805-00220627-00220812": "the surface is very young have a strange", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00806-00220813-00221130": "magnetic field or Skype industry and so", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00807-00221131-00221355": "I draw the conclusion that your rope", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00808-00221356-00221625": "this is the first object in the solar", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00809-00221626-00221988": "system we're sort of reification it had", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00810-00221989-00222126": "liquid water", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00811-00222127-00222498": "I decided liquid water this is the first", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00812-00222498-00222759": "episode of arrow there's and so here's a", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00813-00222760-00223101": "cartoon artist's conception of what it", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00814-00223102-00223506": "might look like there is a layer of the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00815-00223507-00223742": "rock and ice and underneath that an", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00816-00223744-00223938": "associate of the casing material comes", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00817-00223939-00224198": "up there's IO the background shooting", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00818-00224200-00224301": "off its volcanoes", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00819-00224302-00224664": "it's super because that would be what I", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00820-00224665-00224942": "it would be absolutely fascinating to", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00821-00224944-00225252": "send a probe to Europa to drill down", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00822-00225253-00225698": "through the ice samples we're protecting", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00823-00225700-00225960": "to think about how you went to you do", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00824-00225961-00226140": "worry about I'm curious what you bring", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00825-00226141-00226353": "something with you to talk to them on", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00826-00226354-00226619": "your equipment and you end up polluting", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00827-00226621-00226881": "the water underneath there so this is", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00828-00226882-00226959": "concerns it", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00829-00226960-00227166": "we've absolutely great to hear Europa", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00830-00227167-00227492": "and test that despite there's not a", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00831-00227494-00227790": "picture of what we now like this this is", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00832-00227791-00227904": "warm ice and Colin's", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00833-00227905-00228321": "ice a little bit more that's a little", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00834-00228321-00229026": "bit cold right okay so if you want to go", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00835-00229027-00229356": "Saturn three months at this house you go", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00836-00229357-00229755": "to side hey I said well you need to", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00837-00229756-00230175": "start here on October 15 1997 you launch", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00838-00230176-00230517": "your spacecraft Rodney and it goes with", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00839-00230517-00230703": "a little red line and for some reason", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00840-00230704-00230862": "either you decide the best way to go to", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00841-00230863-00231101": "Saturday's to go to Venus first", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00842-00231102-00231411": "so they're using Venus extreme by Venus", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00843-00231412-00231639": "a couple of times and then you come back", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00844-00231640-00231927": "pass a cylinder and in it there and then", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00845-00231928-00232182": "you con pass pass pass the earth two", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00846-00232183-00232617": "years after you want August 1999 in that", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00847-00232617-00232785": "seems you in the right direction that", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00848-00232786-00232938": "the right philosophy that you're on your", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00849-00232939-00233337": "way to like Jupiter about later and then", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00850-00233338-00233535": "for other four years after that you add", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00851-00233536-00233800": "to the set", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00852-00233801-00234146": "arrived in 2004 still working right on", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00853-00234146-00234625": "time buses and massive number one online", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00854-00234626-00234881": "asleep I could sense up the Saturday", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00855-00234882-00234944": "winter", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00856-00234944-00235369": "ah so great about that monotony is left", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00857-00235371-00235688": "sided runs minutes hang ten say it", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00858-00235689-00235850": "tightens the severing 1655", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00859-00235851-00236090": "second-largest resources of Ganymede", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00860-00236091-00236596": "largest tallest nickel then he think", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00861-00236598-00237383": "that's like that's 2nd 1944 all over the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00862-00237384-00237644": "methane plus other stuff harder than I", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00863-00237644-00237881": "just expected under various politics", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00864-00237882-00238123": "Voyager 1 by Detective nitrogens reacts", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00865-00238125-00238316": "surjective mostly nitrogen can you think", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00866-00238317-00238498": "of another object who have an access", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00867-00238500-00238996": "route that is mostly nitrogen zero its", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00868-00238998-00239153": "pressure the atmospheric pressure is", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00869-00239154-00239525": "composting interesting you tell me where", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00870-00239526-00239746": "something out here at mostly hydrogen", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00871-00239748-00240019": "atoms with the same pressure at the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00872-00240021-00240305": "atmosphere on earth it's kind of fast if", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00873-00240306-00240605": "that does nasty stuff in the answer you", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00874-00240606-00240835": "don't want to breathe but an atmospheric", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00875-00240836-00241136": "so because I didn't F any specs so the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00876-00241137-00241394": "thing under but like these the only", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00877-00241394-00241625": "other objects in the sources the only", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00878-00241626-00241838": "room in the source that has the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00879-00241839-00242363": "permanent Mars the only moon in the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00880-00242364-00242756": "sources perhaps fear and it probably has", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00881-00242757-00242942": "a bit of methane and methane rain and", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00882-00242942-00243146": "snow it probably has a bit of methane or", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00883-00243146-00243371": "ethane liquid on the surface the secret", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00884-00243371-00243433": "or something", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00885-00243434-00243737": "so there's a 10-8 so the driver both the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00886-00243738-00243923": "atmosphere - bikers here's our own", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00887-00243923-00244171": "atmosphere Titan's atmosphere", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00888-00244173-00244490": "- methane that Bhargav possibly maybe", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00889-00244491-00244751": "some photochemical ease will methane", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00890-00244752-00245090": "near the surface a lot cooler out there", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00891-00245091-00245396": "that are really interesting for those of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00892-00245396-00245614": "you who I or Ganic chemistry", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00893-00245615-00245966": "type is a wonderful laboratory your", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00894-00245967-00246046": "parents", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00895-00246046-00246250": "now all the blank molecules all the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00896-00246251-00246388": "right combinations of carbon and", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00897-00246389-00246667": "hydrogen the interesting ways you all", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00898-00246667-00246913": "mix together so the absolutely", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00899-00246914-00247123": "fascinating place to do some more", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00900-00247123-00247308": "exploration so there's a bit of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00901-00247309-00247482": "efficient service again from some radar", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00902-00247483-00248121": "mapping picture there the picture and so", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00903-00248123-00248266": "the Cassini mission had a little", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00904-00248267-00248488": "probiotic for all flavors and the idea", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00905-00248489-00248926": "behind whiteness was to send out and let", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00906-00248927-00249154": "it stand the Nexen and land on the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00907-00249155-00249633": "surface of planet so there's the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00908-00249634-00250039": "reigning spot ulcer closer and closer", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00909-00250040-00250501": "going on so our coordinating ran on the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00910-00250502-00250630": "surface of Titan and took this picture", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00911-00250631-00250884": "that's what a to look for surface and", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00912-00250885-00251266": "Sanford's public's cover that was the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00913-00251267-00251457": "ground about you squeaky not too solid", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00914-00251458-00251716": "kind of like solid sand if you go to the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00915-00251717-00251985": "go to the beach swishes a little bit but", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00916-00251986-00252271": "none to that you Ross again your server", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00917-00252271-00252451": "vertical to you because remember if they", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00918-00252452-00252664": "can be found an active community is that", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00919-00252665-00253015": "and so if your lunch to Pro once us in", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00920-00253016-00253273": "that demand to let the probe go you have", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00921-00253273-00253513": "no control over what happened next", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00922-00253514-00253794": "you can't steer it you can't tell the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00923-00253796-00254065": "left the right or slow down speed up you", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00924-00254066-00254317": "just hope that your imaging portions", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00925-00254317-00254467": "really accurate and you know where", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00926-00254467-00254775": "you're going you computer", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00927-00254776-00255204": "you hope your software it's all software", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00928-00255205-00255537": "to make that thing lad where you wanted", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00929-00255538-00256140": "to lad how it works and the surrey image", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00930-00256141-00256479": "of the services I just a temp 11 case", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00931-00256480-00256752": "what it might be like to throw go Adam", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00932-00256753-00257004": "it grates and rover to type the sample", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00933-00257005-00257207": "similar services sample summary some", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00934-00257208-00257394": "some of the liquid that occurs here's an", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00935-00257394-00257679": "image taken same look like a link is", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00936-00257680-00257819": "probably a thing or nothing", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00937-00257821-00258105": "it looks sort of how to party there may", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00938-00258106-00258206": "be events or past", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00939-00258207-00258501": "rivers on the surface of type again this", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00940-00258502-00258819": "would not be water what would be some", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00941-00258819-00259140": "hydrocarbons enters a nice quote from", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00942-00259141-00259329": "the discovery paper from the lander the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00943-00259330-00259512": "service would neither hard like solid", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00944-00259513-00259701": "ice your very compressible like a", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00945-00259702-00259917": "blanket of club sheriff's all rather the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00946-00259917-00260088": "way through a landing on a relatively", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00947-00260089-00260304": "soft solid surface whose properties are", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00948-00260305-00260582": "analogous to wet clay let me pack snow", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00949-00260583-00261180": "and wet for dry stated that's really", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00950-00261181-00261588": "nice you love to do nice pictures and", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00951-00261589-00261855": "this is really a neat one taken by", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00952-00261856-00262194": "Cassini and the idea here is a what we", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00953-00262195-00262563": "see here is this reflection of the Sun", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00954-00262564-00263049": "in a lake on the surface of sight now", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00955-00263050-00263357": "that is cool I think that picture and", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00956-00263358-00263555": "think that that is reflexive sunlight", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00957-00263556-00263834": "off of the liquid on the surface of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00958-00263835-00264029": "Titan", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00959-00264030-00264542": "it was going great to dismiss cool", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00960-00264543-00264990": "another creepy mutant Saturn and in", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00961-00264991-00265200": "Saturn at summer when calling Enceladus", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00962-00265201-00265391": "for ensalada", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00963-00265392-00265695": "he too is covered in ice very much like", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00964-00265696-00266084": "the rope it too is very few craters very", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00965-00266085-00266541": "much like the road and into the Phoenix", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00966-00266542-00266844": "fear comes and does excuse me warmer at", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00967-00266845-00266976": "the South Pole", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00968-00266977-00267228": "Alzheimer strength and inertia put the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00969-00267229-00267495": "baby into and the subsurface motion", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00970-00267496-00267936": "would be water there really mr. summit", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00971-00267937-00268176": "tiny strokes again this is revealing", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00972-00268177-00268335": "your structures and features who folks", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00973-00268336-00268596": "who studied how I speak needs when is on", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00974-00268597-00268962": "top of a liquid water pollution very", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00975-00268963-00269007": "traumatic", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00976-00269008-00269178": "a few more craters here at the receipt", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00977-00269179-00269385": "elsewhere and we miss my calculator", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00978-00269386-00269679": "image taken of the age of Enceladus with", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00979-00269680-00269862": "all these geysers coming out this is", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00980-00269863-00270129": "water coming out and sir experiments", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00981-00270130-00270335": "like IO and geysers of molten material", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00982-00270336-00270618": "local material on Enceladus events", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00983-00270619-00270897": "through water so we know the moons of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00984-00270898-00271173": "Saturn if we built a lot of watering get", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00985-00271174-00271365": "a couple has a wicked sense of exclusion", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00986-00271366-00271644": "within a version we don't know you know", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00987-00271645-00272178": "a suspect you there's active and so here", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00988-00272179-00272361": "if you're designing in orbit how do you", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00989-00272362-00272514": "want to grow that while you're on that", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00990-00272515-00272760": "encounter all the Newton's rings you", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00991-00272761-00273129": "plan your trip warnings this is the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00992-00273130-00273504": "flight plan we're proceeding up until", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00993-00273505-00273849": "this 2013 okay", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00994-00273850-00274200": "that's sixth grade level we going to", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00995-00274201-00274413": "make your spacecraft steer in this way", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00996-00274414-00274662": "so that you encounter in all the various", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00997-00274663-00274941": "moons exactly if you want to conditions", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00998-00274942-00275118": "up closer to person so if you could you", "E_IFEZK-e3U-00999-00275119-00275319": "like that I encourage you to go go to", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01000-00275320-00275520": "see looks like you'll see just enormous", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01001-00275521-00275964": "number sympathetic and remarkably well", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01002-00275965-00276240": "explored system and let's see as of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01003-00276241-00276795": "April 2013 and travel degree six point", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01004-00276796-00277277": "two billion kilometers", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01005-00277278-00277895": "I would be in your look seems to awkward", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01006-00277896-00278246": "Testament so till the partner we're", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01007-00278247-00278768": "going to skip over here look good what's", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01008-00278769-00279202": "good it up to Neptune's voice is crisp", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01009-00279203-00279584": "void of your to now think that throat of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01010-00279585-00279704": "the number one cause of everything is", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01011-00279705-00279869": "also goes in the right same directions", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01012-00279870-00280292": "been to the same direction that's trying", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01013-00280293-00280726": "to goes right back it was around ah", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01014-00280727-00280997": "which implies the trach was probably", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01015-00280998-00281389": "captured by or", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01016-00281390-00281645": "and if you think about the density", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01017-00281646-00281969": "pregnant and aside to play and you say", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01018-00281970-00282215": "well I wonder what blue velvet look like", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01019-00282216-00282485": "if we could see put up this is probably", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01020-00282486-00282914": "what food a little services is kind of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01021-00282915-00283124": "odd got a few craters not to mention get", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01022-00283125-00283394": "these dark spots not too much committee", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01023-00283395-00283655": "it's desert this would try to look like", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01024-00283656-00284105": "okay it goes around the wrong way so", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01025-00284106-00284264": "they learn with our brief tour some of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01026-00284265-00284435": "the exciting Germans of the outer of the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01027-00284436-00284720": "auto plants fascinating places that", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01028-00284721-00284924": "require a lot more attention to answer", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01029-00284925-00285122": "some of the questions we north what's in", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01030-00285123-00285506": "the water into Europa and Enceladus what", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01031-00285507-00285707": "happens to Titan's atmosphere how did it", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01032-00285708-00285959": "form how does it evolve as a changing", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01033-00285960-00286049": "over time", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01034-00286050-00286436": "what's the climate life on type what's", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01035-00286437-00286739": "the favor I had lots of questions that", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01036-00286740-00286943": "we can even still advance we don't know", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01037-00286944-00287147": "there's plenty of work with you we've", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01038-00287148-00287528": "spent tests so we get back go to ski", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01039-00287529-00287723": "back and this is the picture I show you", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01040-00287724-00287936": "earlier the air particles so but now", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01041-00287937-00288104": "we're going to make ten years the rotors", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01042-00288105-00288482": "Saturn here's the orbit of Uranus orbit", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01043-00288483-00288964": "of Neptune and then the orbit of Pluto", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01044-00288965-00289253": "the dots that you see here are all", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01045-00289254-00289571": "smaller bother some of them are comments", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01046-00289572-00289783": "there's how he's come", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01047-00289784-00290020": "comes about once every seven years", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01048-00290021-00290332": "pursuit that's it's worth absolutely", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01049-00290333-00290896": "person the Sun let's back out this would", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01050-00290897-00291109": "be confirming how it's kind of like", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01051-00291110-00291532": "security the confirmation of what Kepler", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01052-00291533-00291838": "John except Isaac Newton said conclude", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01053-00291839-00292099": "tell or a superfood from looking in the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01054-00292100-00292261": "planets the planets orbit the Sun in", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01055-00292262-00292450": "elliptical orbits and he said out", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01056-00292451-00292714": "several law free law describes my", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01057-00292715-00292903": "attorneys he didn't know the basis of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01058-00292904-00293107": "the world but basically observation", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01059-00293108-00293347": "system here that Newton explained those", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01060-00293348-00293815": "laws address and the prediction was that", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01061-00293816-00293992": "we should be able to be out of town come", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01062-00293993-00294280": "back at the same time or was predicted", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01063-00294281-00294427": "to be it has kind of gave us the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01064-00294428-00294613": "confirmation of Kepler's laws and", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01065-00294614-00294916": "Newton's understand handles ultimately", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01066-00294917-00295237": "that may remember in 1995 we were", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01067-00295238-00295492": "visited by two comments one called kala", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01068-00295493-00295737": "Bob and the other one called bad cop", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01069-00295738-00296062": "this is the orbital mascot come came in", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01070-00296063-00296326": "let's close the side and head it back", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01071-00296327-00296578": "out and you can try to complete this be", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01072-00296579-00297130": "list in your mind their table blockers", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01073-00297131-00297412": "works ok it came to community close and", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01074-00297413-00297550": "it ends back out and you can kind of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01075-00297551-00298350": "tell me within these contours prior", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01076-00298351-00298609": "comments they're both stubborn rabbits", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01077-00298610-00298890": "have together cuber basic people like", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01078-00298891-00299221": "channel and bottom have a career looking", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01079-00299222-00299476": "for comics so it if you want to get your", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01080-00299477-00300102": "name on a national law", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01081-00300103-00300498": "you will have normal damage in bats", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01082-00300499-00300918": "oyster emails broken don't work inventor", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01083-00300919-00301326": "named XR spell a comma that's really", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01084-00301327-00301407": "good", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01085-00301408-00301545": "there's a bunch of other things that are", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01086-00301546-00301770": "way will here obvious as well and", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01087-00301771-00301980": "condition those comments and these", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01088-00301981-00302136": "things out there the something called", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01089-00302137-00302460": "for or over here or if it's over", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01090-00302461-00302793": "then Apple chocolate but that is the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01091-00302794-00303228": "slower system when we step back what do", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01092-00303229-00303387": "you think mine is that despite again", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01093-00303388-00304002": "size of these dots resources occupies I", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01094-00304003-00305157": "saw a picture in a bath so he was kind", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01095-00305158-00305330": "of pretty", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01096-00305331-00305556": "what's up here assisting measures in the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01097-00305557-00305769": "practice of anodic astronomers have this", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01098-00305770-00305997": "very factoring system of assignment", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01099-00305998-00306378": "instability octopus those are the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01100-00306379-00306582": "irradiance also students a huge", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01101-00306583-00306936": "abilities real oxygen activated up close", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01102-00306937-00307179": "armors be claimed it in magazines and", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01103-00307180-00307461": "the way magnitude work goes back a long", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01104-00307462-00307659": "time let me go out of the night I feel", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01105-00307660-00307884": "there's a bright sergeant see that's", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01106-00307885-00308229": "personality and second brightest star on", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01107-00308230-00308571": "their second magnitude has their third", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01108-00308572-00308940": "or so so in other words the larger the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01109-00308941-00309324": "number the face of the other okay they", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01110-00309325-00309654": "22nd $92 a lot features that ain't it", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01111-00309655-00310071": "and so these are different objects 23rd", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01112-00310072-00310263": "of magnitude all we're not creating", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01113-00310264-00310500": "opportunities Luca Johnson the Hubble", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01114-00310501-00310671": "Space Telescope enemy types of things", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01115-00310672-00310827": "and you'll pay enough for a few things", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01116-00310828-00311094": "up again analyze data if we can find", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01117-00311095-00311271": "something from some odds of expect", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01118-00311272-00311559": "they're all this moves so but it's not a", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01119-00311560-00311772": "telescope and you stare into the sky", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01120-00311773-00312458": "deeply enough you can summer", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01121-00312459-00313014": "space we faraway small respective", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01122-00313015-00313314": "resources and we call these things to", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01123-00313315-00313340": "help", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01124-00313341-00313796": "petracles because we exist out here is", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01125-00313797-00313967": "big Nicole pecker this is the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01126-00313968-00314147": "distribution of objects here kind of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01127-00314148-00314381": "blood products it's kind of an approval", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01128-00314382-00314615": "to be asteroid but in the outer part of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01129-00314616-00314777": "the solar system rather than the inner", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01130-00314778-00315165": "particles and it is Nick I prevent the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01131-00315166-00315530": "BB and see - Pluto - might not be as", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01132-00315531-00315860": "unique as we thought so here's a cartoon", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01133-00315861-00316113": "of the overall structure of the solar", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01134-00316114-00316373": "system and how it might inform so here", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01135-00316374-00316689": "is here is a hundred astronomical yet", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01136-00316690-00316904": "that's the source looks like on that", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01137-00316905-00317064": "scale there's all the planets we know", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01138-00317065-00317318": "and love hundred s anomalies and we step", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01139-00317319-00317501": "out the two thousand have a chemical", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01140-00317502-00317843": "units get our solar system is way inside", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01141-00317844-00318110": "there there's this distribution of stuff", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01142-00318111-00318329": "of the guys and farther than a fourteen", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01143-00318330-00318677": "thousand astronomical units we still see", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01144-00318678-00318818": "if we think of the spherical", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01145-00318819-00319076": "distribution of material rural parts", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01146-00319077-00319358": "these are comments like kale Bob America", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01147-00319359-00319751": "probably came out here and the stuff out", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01148-00319752-00320018": "here in the remnant of relation of the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01149-00320019-00320222": "sources if you want these stamps of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01150-00320223-00320528": "local material of what sources to form", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01151-00320529-00321068": "that get yourself tom comp that's really", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01152-00321069-00321907": "if you ever chunk of the stuff sources", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01153-00321908-00322063": "so if you let me out of harness horses", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01154-00322064-00322513": "to look at there's food right Buddha was", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01155-00322514-00322741": "accepted 1935 any flight on ballots", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01156-00322742-00323050": "Lowell Observatory United States it was", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01157-00323051-00323242": "not to explain this in orbit the third", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01158-00323243-00323433": "derivative almost meant to serve a", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01159-00323434-00323650": "species or a law that you've heard", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01160-00323651-00324244": "earlier in makes it 76 paralyzing", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01161-00324245-00324526": "spectroscope that service of sleep every", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01162-00324527-00324802": "night thinking 78 for the stubborn at", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01163-00324803-00325039": "6:40 a period in brightness and that was", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01164-00325040-00325369": "the scubs moon charity for those human", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01165-00325370-00325621": "know your mythology the god of the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01166-00325622-00325978": "underworld to get to the underworld and", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01167-00325979-00326275": "cross over the river Styx the cross over", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01168-00326276-00326838": "the river Styx you had to pay the boat", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01169-00326839-00327481": "so go to heaven so here's a systematic", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01170-00327482-00327601": "review or if it's blue the Lord is", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01171-00327602-00327934": "always going to be off it is inclined", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01172-00327935-00328144": "with respect to the solar system is", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01173-00328145-00328342": "arrow indication psychic spitting in the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01174-00328343-00328441": "wrong direction", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01175-00328442-00328714": "you seem a little out of place even when", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01176-00328715-00329233": "we fought planet through the whole", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01177-00329234-00329533": "streets also so suburban the mobile your", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01178-00329534-00329755": "place atmosphere which is the image of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01179-00329756-00329799": "Pluto", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01180-00329800-00330286": "that's small a particular may have a", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01181-00330287-00330685": "long service features but there's enough", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01182-00330686-00330871": "variation with people speculating this", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01183-00330872-00331030": "different compositions to look at the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01184-00331031-00331246": "spectrum of it you can see it's made of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01185-00331247-00331441": "methane overnight general carbon", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01186-00331442-00331708": "monoxide is on water creatures so here", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01187-00331709-00332101": "it is when we see in moons of Saturn on", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01188-00332102-00332434": "life and so the solid stuff in the outer", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01189-00332435-00332593": "part of the solar system is this picture", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01190-00332594-00332996": "of rock and a lot of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01191-00332997-00333347": "and maybe I pass nearly senator Specter", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01192-00333348-00333542": "my photo you can see myself so point", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01193-00333543-00333713": "including the spectrum and all the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01194-00333714-00333883": "beautiful absorbs and features are", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01195-00333884-00334202": "already an economist service a little is", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01196-00334203-00334530": "methane ice common the truth", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01197-00334531-00334721": "you wonder going to grow out an", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01198-00334722-00334916": "imaginary we do experiment like that you", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01199-00334917-00335230": "find some star and you sit on the earth", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01200-00335231-00335429": "and you see Pluto you start your", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01201-00335430-00335639": "observations there and finish your", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01202-00335640-00335846": "observations there all the while we're", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01203-00335847-00336116": "staring at this star and as you pass", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01204-00336117-00336302": "along this way what you notice is that", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01205-00336303-00336503": "the star if there's a bit of an", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01206-00336504-00336859": "atmosphere for the gas over the server's", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01207-00336860-00337100": "who'll notice that because of its effect", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01208-00337101-00337448": "on a starlet it was just so you expect", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01209-00337449-00337676": "to see the star and then see no star and", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01210-00337677-00337952": "then the star would reappear later on", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01211-00337953-00338114": "but the fact when you do this experiment", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01212-00338115-00338345": "you will curvature and as long as the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01213-00338346-00338549": "length of stars there than it is to", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01214-00338550-00338934": "gradually fall so this is our comeback", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01215-00338935-00339215": "current which implies the three levels", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01216-00339216-00339818": "of the pastor city know is that", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01217-00339819-00340284": "atmosphere you tell me about real what", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01218-00340285-00340922": "makes it a discovery of itching for the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01219-00340923-00341206": "negative it's a charity and sketches", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01220-00341207-00341723": "highly inclined orbit in his about 12%", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01221-00341724-00342140": "to mass include our own moon is about 1%", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01222-00342141-00342395": "of a career so that ratio masses is very", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01223-00342396-00342481": "very strange", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01224-00342482-00342776": "the ratio of events our own moon is I", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01225-00342777-00343060": "incident already first sources the ratio", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01226-00343061-00343210": "has sort of a chair", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01227-00343211-00343565": "he is autumn factors that have skills we", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01228-00343566-00344179": "have two sizes so better picture there's", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01229-00344180-00344518": "Pluto this chairing a background stars", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01230-00344519-00344980": "advocacy now the food well almost lease", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01231-00344981-00345229": "telescope get started we will find time", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01232-00345230-00345697": "all the men discovered two fellows ball", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01233-00345698-00346232": "three age apart there's Pluto this", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01234-00346233-00346943": "charity knew my chances t12 to create", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01235-00346944-00347273": "layer chatters new go through do you", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01236-00347274-00347498": "want to be too steep separation seemed", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01237-00347499-00347771": "orientation they believe their villages", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01238-00347772-00348067": "the confidence all right there", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01239-00348068-00348572": "terminated or we put so we will not only", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01240-00348573-00349058": "a wonderful all servants Freeman's now", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01241-00349059-00349448": "we have to sing to a small stranger and", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01242-00349449-00349892": "it has three million for these are the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01243-00349893-00350335": "mini for the fifth rhythm so there's no", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01244-00350336-00350381": "difference", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01245-00350382-00350782": "Canon satellite you're going to know", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01246-00350783-00351242": "okay so here's it here is an absolute", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01247-00351243-00351409": "system of it and what you can conclude", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01248-00351410-00351685": "problem from the moon and other emotions", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01249-00351686-00351920": "around Pluto is that they actually do", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01250-00351921-00352315": "not work will is a food and Sharon and", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01251-00352316-00352718": "hydrated mix major go towards all or", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01252-00352719-00353780": "with the common center our explanation", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01253-00353781-00354281": "of computer students welcome pieces so", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01254-00354282-00354377": "what were things that they shall", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01255-00354378-00354559": "understand are the early solar system is", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01256-00354560-00354782": "that there are modulation a lot of stuff", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01257-00354783-00355094": "random and here is a simulation of two", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01258-00355095-00355240": "objects running into one another", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01259-00355241-00355502": "nanoparticle assistance and after a", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01260-00355503-00355670": "while they end up making fluid on the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01261-00355671-00355958": "chair and so once we're going to cover", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01262-00355959-00356063": "more why would you just ran the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01263-00356064-00356219": "simulation again and you can take a few", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01264-00356220-00356624": "moments so we're probably looking at the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01265-00356625-00356813": "remnants of a collision two things maybe", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01266-00356814-00357002": "the briefings are releasing the solace", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01267-00357003-00357251": "that left behind things that we now talk", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01268-00357252-00357821": "to the attitudes okay so if you wanted", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01269-00357822-00357905": "grow up", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01270-00357906-00358226": "you miss both train what the wild early", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01271-00358227-00358411": "for the lesson mm", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01272-00358412-00358651": "the numeral rising spacecraft on its way", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01273-00358652-00358900": "out too too foolish it arrived there", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01274-00358901-00359190": "July 14 2015", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01275-00359191-00359668": "all the other $2 the directly excluded", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01276-00359669-00359857": "it will do all sorts of great things so", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01277-00359858-00360085": "next summer following should be summer", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01278-00360086-00360379": "2015 fantastic you manages widow", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01279-00360380-00360664": "identifier III will be portlet it should", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01280-00360665-00360907": "be absolutely alright", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01281-00360908-00361288": "and then it helps that the green circle", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01282-00361289-00361432": "reading fiction when you have to tell us", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01283-00361433-00361624": "so putting looking for something is a", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01284-00361625-00362017": "nice green circle wanted here's an image", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01285-00362018-00362278": "of the sky you notice is the basket or", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01286-00362279-00362485": "these objects days they religion except", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01287-00362486-00362716": "for this child character there that the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01288-00362717-00363427": "key no I said images send up they're not", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01289-00363428-00363646": "too big that's a little small as well", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01290-00363647-00363868": "much longer than long Europe that this", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01291-00363869-00364326": "orbit it goes out a long long way", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01292-00364327-00364758": "strange very with the Corbett's", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01293-00364759-00365104": "arragement 90 you away it really exposes", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01294-00365105-00365409": "a broken 2075 we ready", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01295-00365410-00365716": "we only 70 pick that Apple years from", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01296-00365717-00366301": "the Sun said 'no is this will thinkers", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01297-00366302-00366852": "that's its order ah", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01298-00366853-00367307": "boy he doing the stuff Wow", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01299-00367308-00367733": "bring any arrows god they will see the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01300-00367734-00368316": "glue that's bull now you say let's look", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01301-00368317-00368490": "for our home moving back here there's", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01302-00368491-00368538": "Pluto", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01303-00368539-00368906": "there's for all those orbits look", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01304-00368907-00369373": "officer", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01305-00369374-00369629": "so pull up a little apart from the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01306-00369630-00370268": "smaller to put up which Basheer's very", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01307-00370269-00370532": "big spectrum before are as you do a", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01308-00370533-00370700": "bunch of things you look at it paladin", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01309-00370701-00371377": "updated and then this one is a groups of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01310-00371378-00371864": "is but their distance markers", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01311-00371865-00372059": "combination sixteen years with the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01312-00372060-00372417": "preserving it goes captive exhibit seven", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01313-00372418-00372819": "astronomical units that's exciting as", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01314-00372820-00373678": "far away as 97 close the pro 337 item", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01315-00373679-00374333": "what if Aris the gift certainly it", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01316-00374334-00374651": "doesn't Harris start as 2003 UV 3 1 3", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01317-00374652-00375847": "meeting what a joins my mother six eyes", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01318-00375848-00376137": "and so what happened to the early part", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01319-00376138-00376322": "of a dude that amusing to start we have", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01320-00376323-00376559": "another movie go all the way shared", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01321-00376560-00376865": "orbits they were very similar to little", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01322-00376866-00377126": "roughly the same distance from song so", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01323-00377127-00377303": "we looked at or after the same size", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01324-00377304-00377595": "roughly they have the same stuff and so", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01325-00377596-00377804": "the conclusion would reach the Pluto is", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01326-00377805-00378152": "one of many objects that have that at", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01327-00378153-00378395": "work it's a Pluto was demoted from being", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01328-00378396-00378924": "planet to being a jerk", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01329-00378925-00379192": "there are a number of them in the outer", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01330-00379193-00379465": "part resources they're absolutely very", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01331-00379466-00379798": "very interesting places without their we", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01332-00379799-00379969": "know very little about to let their may", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01333-00379970-00380257": "have this is a photo spectrum and read", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01334-00380258-00380542": "errors especially black or charcoal", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01335-00380543-00381285": "nothing even as a move Oh", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01336-00381286-00381690": "so that is a German who are sources", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01337-00381691-00381948": "there is a lot we don't know", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01338-00381949-00382230": "for a while we continue to learn yeah", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01339-00382231-00382510": "the dwarf plant is just one aspect of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01340-00382511-00382708": "that a brand new discovery from the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01341-00382709-00382987": "other part of that you sell the future", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01342-00382988-00383209": "an old there's many more more planet", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01343-00383210-00383491": "yourself this part of our constitution", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01344-00383492-00383809": "or common ground on a lot of things that", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01345-00383810-00384034": "we have yet to know about the moons of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01346-00384035-00384214": "the outer planets and so I don't really", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01347-00384215-00384433": "enjoy learning about the outer solar", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01348-00384434-00384760": "system and next summer in July take it", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01349-00384761-00385030": "and see what the Pluto Express tell us", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01350-00385031-00385363": "about a door play but still longer more", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01351-00385364-00385582": "about the other particles thank you very", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01352-00385583-00385795": "much for coming out I'm happy attaining", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01353-00385796-00386794": "eQuest he has to might feel that you", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01354-00386795-00387980": "could foster you to bring your head", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01355-00387981-00388944": "Australian object so it's very much", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01356-00388945-00389967": "happy big time so you need a beloved in", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01357-00389968-00390168": "your proper way it's really Harvick", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01358-00390169-00390366": "actually all of the water that have come", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01359-00390367-00390831": "from rock formation of a solar of the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01360-00390832-00390981": "AeroGarden sources people here it", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01361-00390982-00391155": "involves the margins of a lot of these", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01362-00391156-00391302": "things you can get quite a bit of one", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01363-00391303-00391521": "now about such terms as water is", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01364-00391522-00391686": "probably not something from the asteroid", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01365-00391687-00392019": "and asteroids are also doubles in", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01366-00392020-00392250": "blocking sources we can assume the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01367-00392251-00392484": "original material out of the sea perform", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01368-00392485-00392946": "had normal and so that water you get the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01369-00392947-00393207": "secretion process and mass communication", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01370-00393208-00393444": "well whether the state of history as a", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01371-00393445-00393690": "lot our economy that's an interesting", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01372-00393691-00394248": "question so I was wondering you know", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01373-00394249-00394509": "because we should be seven Cassidy", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01374-00394510-00394932": "encounter and the collecting autumn not", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01375-00394933-00395169": "pool of Saturn a remarkable example", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01376-00395170-00395534": "structure with this kinetic you know", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01377-00395535-00395913": "what is it like wonderful present but he", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01378-00395914-00396327": "is an artifact of imagery or secular", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01379-00396328-00396693": "North Pole I'll be on our way example in", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01380-00396694-00397023": "I don't know if it's an artifact it was", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01381-00397024-00397212": "in the first half of the city is largely", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01382-00397213-00397494": "urban interplay of Saturn but reach my", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01383-00397495-00397572": "swell", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01384-00397573-00397890": "and so were they but Toto to go over the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01385-00397891-00398139": "poles and so whistle learning I was", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01386-00398140-00398400": "running around the poles so I'm not", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01387-00398401-00398459": "quite sure", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01388-00398460-00398609": "so we have to keep in mind the mochi", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01389-00398610-00398805": "aspiration we have a center circle", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01390-00398806-00400473": "career goal it was full of economic", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01391-00400474-00400779": "usually an adult about styling coming in", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01392-00400780-00401013": "this googling between there's a job", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01393-00401014-00401414": "there's a changing again that spectrum", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01394-00401415-00401789": "disability we actually use the finest", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01395-00401790-00402306": "designing systems so we the technique of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01396-00402307-00403002": "a certain clips so when I was standing", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01397-00403003-00403299": "from from you where as a planet moving", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01398-00403300-00403610": "around another star comes in between you", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01399-00403611-00403808": "and that background star will block outs", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01400-00403809-00404022": "of the star level and so we can measure", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01401-00404023-00404178": "that change in the breakfast of the star", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01402-00404179-00404360": "that tells us there's a planet there", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01403-00404361-00404487": "especially if you can do over and over", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01404-00404488-00404730": "again and see every revenue orbiting", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01405-00404731-00404874": "planets so that's how likely you", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01406-00404875-00405051": "detected most of the plans to do that", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01407-00405052-00405393": "right start students method now as you", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01408-00405394-00405685": "notice a moment here if this is wrong", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01409-00405686-00406100": "have a certain shape to you can begin to", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01410-00406101-00406317": "imply that it might have an atmosphere", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01411-00406318-00406583": "this regard really good image quote", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01412-00406584-00406842": "been a really good message but indeed", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01413-00406843-00407166": "having kids of atmospheres around other", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01414-00407167-00407421": "planets come exactly from doing this", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01415-00407422-00407616": "insane experiment but as the planets", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01416-00407617-00407802": "going around the star exactly the same", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01417-00407803-00407984": "thing now the other thing you can do if", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01418-00407985-00408192": "you're doing this against its star is if", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01419-00408193-00408519": "you take the spectrum of the star while", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01420-00408520-00408723": "the planets in front of it the planet's", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01421-00408724-00408903": "atmosphere will add an absorption", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01422-00408904-00409092": "feature to inspection of the star and", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01423-00409093-00409317": "then then you go real real good stuff", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01424-00409318-00409497": "because you say wow what could some", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01425-00409498-00409713": "sodium in the atmosphere of that planet", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01426-00409714-00409889": "and there are some plethora folks have", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01427-00409891-00410132": "done this for and detected some sodium", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01428-00410133-00410384": "nothing to look like you're right so", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01429-00410385-00410579": "that's a great thing", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01430-00410580-00410916": "famous famous if you go and observe some", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01431-00410917-00413441": "planets a that's an X really is", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01432-00413442-00413768": "physically what are they really", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01433-00413769-00414008": "understand and water is required for", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01434-00414009-00414332": "what yet still don't need a lot of water", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01435-00414333-00414639": "ice in a logical Addison building going", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01436-00414639-00414924": "past of base and funny victims of night", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01437-00414925-00415207": "when I organized a design of the foot", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01438-00415208-00415566": "accessories animal is some pieces of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01439-00415567-00415749": "club I thought this okay", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01440-00415750-00415952": "so the question of life so what it", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01441-00415953-00416177": "requires a couple things critical things", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01442-00416178-00416474": "you have time the world you have the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01443-00416475-00416774": "organic materials that we think of that", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01444-00416775-00417066": "we know that way what well we understand", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01445-00417067-00417270": "like a lot of partner alive we have", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01446-00417271-00417503": "backed in sources there actually be", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01447-00417504-00417722": "textured the whole ganic molecules at", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01448-00417723-00418160": "their disposal we have liquid water we", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01449-00418161-00418493": "thinking drugs yes we have a source of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01450-00418494-00418722": "interest for those of you who are", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01451-00418722-00418976": "physicists you think that life is", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01452-00418977-00419408": "existed that violates introduced by", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01453-00419409-00419654": "entropy month living things when in", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01454-00419655-00420068": "research life is very organized so", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01455-00420068-00420345": "overcome the natural tendency in", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01456-00420346-00420654": "Krasinski input energy an ecosystem so", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01457-00420655-00420995": "like requires a source there we might", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01458-00420996-00421181": "have that adding a rope of entitle", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01459-00421182-00421372": "energy if you can find for", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01460-00421372-00421796": "so you the peaches are there right if", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01461-00421797-00422041": "you want to put it together and say", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01462-00422042-00422735": "initially come out here opening with the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01463-00422735-00423010": "ice you can the bottom and on to my", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01464-00423012-00423314": "person well that what anything's up", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01465-00423314-00423602": "about thinking life is in space I", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01466-00423603-00423772": "actually want a classical teacher", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01467-00423774-00424018": "Wisconsin call a communal it's", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01468-00424018-00424451": "fundamentally we figure out for psychic", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01469-00424452-00425335": "places that is wholly alike you and I we", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01470-00425337-00425677": "had a service ago some like that oxygen", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01471-00425678-00425975": "although I've tried earlier but microbes", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01472-00425976-00426364": "they exist then feeding off of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01473-00426366-00426512": "geothermal energy", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01474-00426513-00426887": "well that prophesy so I could be in", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01475-00426888-00427168": "various translations happy in the world", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01476-00427170-00427856": "though the type of wood you may feature", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01477-00427857-00428177": "sky boy it is is relative with a lot of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01478-00428178-00428368": "articles that are relatively won't ask", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01479-00428370-00428647": "the total mass media so NASA powers", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01480-00428649-00428935": "you're saying saw acidic your kilometers", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01481-00428937-00429158": "and science may be up to a hundred", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01482-00429159-00429704": "kilometers sizable spectacles their icy", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01483-00429705-00429941": "and rocky what are their really", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01484-00429942-00430184": "interesting features is that other", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01485-00430185-00430454": "document is the distribution of the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01486-00430455-00430688": "orbits of the pirate rules are very", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01487-00430689-00430960": "strict what they indicate is that early", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01488-00430962-00431204": "in the history of the source mentioned", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01489-00431205-00431713": "my gorillas neck seems not forward", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01490-00431714-00432043": "perform closer at this time and migrate", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01491-00432045-00432266": "up and that process of migrating", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01492-00432267-00432562": "outwards dynamic and stirred up us", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01493-00432563-00432792": "insert tossing particles", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01494-00432793-00433035": "and they end up in certain protected", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01495-00433036-00433356": "work and Tiger that's why it is", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01496-00433357-00433656": "protected as if they were scattered by", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01497-00433657-00433939": "this movement and there's a very", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01498-00433939-00434295": "interesting the latest best model for", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01499-00434296-00434646": "the earliest sources compiled by a bunch", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01500-00434647-00434898": "of those who are working in Nice Italy", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01501-00434899-00435552": "France also the meat and that calls for", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01502-00435553-00435858": "Super Saturday of Neptune's undergo a", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01503-00435859-00436260": "business name and that Saturn super sexy", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01504-00436261-00436614": "beautiful head that triggered Saturn's", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01505-00436615-00436954": "rule that combinations are occurring a", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01506-00436955-00437148": "lot of small particles we out of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01507-00437149-00437448": "particles which send most of those", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01508-00437449-00437796": "objects the inner particles we look at", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01509-00437797-00437958": "the first geological history in the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01510-00437959-00438129": "earth module country the with having", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01511-00438130-00438423": "Brevard the four hundred thousand years", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01512-00438424-00438719": "at the formation of the glory of impacts", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01513-00438720-00439000": "probably driven by the stirring going on", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01514-00439001-00439266": "capsules and that process also shifts in", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01515-00439267-00439637": "current events which they stir", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01516-00439638-00439998": "so those we collect enhanced fun stuff", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01517-00439999-00440265": "to play around conservation of angular", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01518-00440266-00440541": "momentum conservation energy if there's", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01519-00440542-00440715": "any professors that crowd we want to", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01520-00440716-00441127": "sign us we work problem you can ask your", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01521-00441128-00441540": "class figure out how many small objects", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01522-00441541-00441792": "you need to scatter for Jupiter builders", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01523-00441793-00442125": "85.5 economical use by astronomical unit", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01524-00442126-00442381": "here we have a survival in specific", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01525-00442382-00442729": "services security to break from Sarris", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01526-00442730-00442824": "deep", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01527-00442825-00445575": "oh yes I don't want to say guesswork but", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01528-00445576-00445758": "what are you what are you know you know", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01529-00445759-00445983": "a total business you know mean is you a", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01530-00445984-00446343": "masquerade you also know how it spins so", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01531-00446343-00446550": "somebody caught me noting the moment of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01532-00446551-00446757": "inertia and the moment of inertia tells", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01533-00446758-00446889": "you something about the distribution of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01534-00446889-00447185": "mass within within the object so from", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01535-00447187-00447366": "that you can say well my distribution of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01536-00447367-00447564": "mass which assumes that density has to", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01537-00447564-00447951": "be such I can then assume here in my", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01538-00447952-00448128": "outer composition of mostly molecular", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01539-00448129-00448353": "hydrogen that I have to have some dense", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01540-00448354-00448596": "material within a certain radius of the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01541-00448597-00448824": "interior so let me assume in that is a", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01542-00448825-00449151": "rock singer to account for the moment of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01543-00449152-00449366": "inertia and the gravitational field of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01544-00449367-00449670": "Cuba one of the remaining things you", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01545-00449671-00449946": "learn when you send a spacecraft around", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01546-00449947-00450162": "the planet is because you know the mass", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01547-00450163-00450443": "of the spacecraft exactly local thing", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01548-00450445-00450681": "no it's messes you know it's orbital", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01549-00450682-00451029": "properties exactly so therefore to very", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01550-00451030-00451239": "high or you can measure the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01551-00451239-00451425": "gravitational potential of the object", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01552-00451426-00451751": "you're veneering and you get a very nice", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01553-00451752-00452064": "map of what the mass distribution must", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01554-00452064-00452264": "be within that object to give you a", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01555-00452266-00452478": "gravitational potential so from that", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01556-00452479-00452735": "venue we say well it's probably ice and", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01557-00452737-00453018": "rock over sir great but we don't have a", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01558-00453018-00453159": "probe has gone down there and actually", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01559-00453160-00453384": "making stuff but that's how you can do", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01560-00453385-00454568": "it so far yep professor I will get the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01561-00454570-00454866": "laws but once the gravitational forces", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01562-00454867-00455031": "of an antiemetic better-than-expected", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01563-00455032-00455427": "region of the moon's in comparable io or", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01564-00455428-00455508": "either", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01565-00455509-00455649": "there should be some gravitational", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01566-00455650-00455903": "influence on the different areas", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01567-00455904-00456363": "volcanoes or oneness of this old", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01568-00456364-00456635": "relationship so absolutely you can you", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01569-00456637-00456897": "can fairly easily calculate what the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01570-00456897-00457167": "tidal force were to get into Jupiter I'm", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01571-00457168-00457389": "going to have one Ally one of the moons", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01572-00457389-00457662": "and clearly falls off with distance from", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01573-00457663-00457764": "from Jupiter", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01574-00457764-00458049": "so Callisto the tidal forces are very", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01575-00458050-00458318": "weak is probably solid all the way", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01576-00458320-00458622": "through probably cold and not had an in", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01577-00458622-00458768": "liquid water was located", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01578-00458770-00459003": "io being the closest money into subject", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01579-00459004-00459252": "to the largest forces and so therefore", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01580-00459253-00459587": "it's the most most it's a very critical", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01581-00459588-00459906": "but properties meteors of those moons as", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01582-00459907-00460110": "a function of distance problem from", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01583-00460110-00460170": "Jupiter", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01584-00460171-00460418": "so yeah entitled is actually probably", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01585-00460420-00460701": "kept more by the tidal forces of its", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01586-00460702-00460899": "orbit going around around Saturn's", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01587-00460900-00461247": "puzzle kept that that someone movin", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01588-00461247-00461484": "interior and to generate an extra one of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01589-00461485-00461637": "these but atmosphere it could be Titan", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01590-00461638-00461781": "atmosphere in the Earth's atmosphere", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01591-00461782-00461997": "they're probably larger generated terms", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01592-00461997-00462264": "so the gases that were once trapped in", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01593-00462264-00462513": "rocks and solid material get released", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01594-00462514-00462738": "when things heat up and so if I can keep", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01595-00462739-00463010": "the interior of Titan molten I can keep", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01596-00463012-00463317": "gases coming out and making an extra but", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01597-00463318-00463497": "two very very clear correlation to the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01598-00463497-00464922": "distance did you completely invented the", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01599-00464922-00465293": "language it's too few buildings from you", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01600-00465293-00465539": "here's my perspective we also", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01601-00465539-00465704": "acknowledge people coming together and", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01602-00465705-00465956": "the 50-knot the people who are joining", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01603-00465957-00466268": "us online so this talking website over", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01604-00466268-00466307": "here", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01605-00466308-00466597": "so if I help you and hope you keep", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01606-00466598-00466820": "coming please announce our next lecture", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01607-00466821-00467120": "of April email etc please keep track of", "E_IFEZK-e3U-01608-00467121-00467453": "us thank you good night"}}, {"audio_id": "E_YLPhZRqPI", "text": {"E_YLPhZRqPI-00000-00002080-00002542": "welcome everybody to our new webinar on", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00001-00002543-00002942": "cannabis approaches to control across", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00002-00002943-00003063": "europe", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00003-00003064-00003238": "i will leave the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00004-00003239-00003575": "floor to brandon hugh for chairing this", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00005-00003576-00003886": "session our director alexis", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00006-00003887-00004238": "goes dill is traveling so he will try to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00007-00004239-00004559": "connect with us for concluding remarks", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00008-00004560-00004751": "uh he was the lie his flight was the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00009-00004752-00004943": "light so had some problems joining us", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00010-00004944-00005135": "but he's always with us", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00011-00005136-00005375": "at least in the spirit", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00012-00005376-00005702": "uh brenda the floor is yours", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00013-00005703-00006022": "okay thank you very much america", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00014-00006023-00006127": "um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00015-00006128-00006263": "hello to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00016-00006264-00006591": "everybody watching this webinar and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00017-00006592-00006775": "thank you very much", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00018-00006776-00007134": "uh to our guests for joining us here", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00019-00007136-00007342": "with this chat about different cannabis", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00020-00007343-00007534": "control policies", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00021-00007536-00007870": "and we're joined in the order that i can", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00022-00007872-00008039": "see on the screen", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00023-00008040-00008231": "by tom blickman", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00024-00008232-00008703": "who's a senior project officer at tni", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00025-00008704-00008951": "transnational institute", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00026-00008952-00009310": "he's been working for well over 20 years", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00027-00009311-00009551": "looking at national and international", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00028-00009552-00009927": "cannabis policies", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00029-00009928-00010238": "and that includes not only different", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00030-00010239-00010510": "countries views but also the un", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00031-00010511-00010823": "conventions the different un systems for", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00032-00010824-00011087": "control", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00033-00011088-00011287": "and how they might have been changing", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00034-00011288-00011438": "and the proposals to change them", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00035-00011439-00011599": "recently", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00036-00011600-00011942": "we're joined by sabrina molinaro", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00037-00011943-00012319": "who's working in italy at the national", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00038-00012320-00012503": "research council", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00039-00012504-00012710": "she's particularly", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00040-00012711-00012935": "got the position of the coordinator of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00041-00012936-00013191": "spad the european school survey project", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00042-00013191-00013455": "on alcohol and other drugs", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00043-00013456-00013575": "and so", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00044-00013576-00013999": "her expertise here will be the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00045-00014000-00014407": "impact if any or how to track the impact", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00046-00014408-00014638": "of cannabis policies", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00047-00014640-00014927": "against teenage use the 15 and 16 year", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00048-00014928-00015079": "olds", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00049-00015080-00015407": "who complete the s bad survey", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00050-00015408-00015638": "and that clearly is reflecting", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00051-00015640-00015943": "uh the very very common concern of those", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00052-00015944-00016127": "who wish to change cannabis policies", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00053-00016128-00016455": "they're particularly interested in uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00054-00016456-00016711": "use by young people", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00055-00016712-00016950": "and finally karen marmal", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00056-00016951-00017327": "joining us from malta so karen's been a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00057-00017328-00017647": "researcher if i'm right with the maltese", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00058-00017648-00017879": "parliament for about five years which", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00059-00017880-00018086": "gives her a very good picture", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00060-00018087-00018279": "of the recent changes that have been", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00061-00018280-00018511": "happening in malta over that time", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00062-00018512-00018758": "and right now she's a researcher as", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00063-00018759-00018991": "master of science um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00064-00018992-00019143": "in addictions", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00065-00019144-00019422": "um and so very well placed should join", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00066-00019423-00019647": "this discussion and i'd like to say", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00067-00019648-00019919": "thank you for to all three of you for", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00068-00019920-00020294": "joining us today", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00069-00020295-00020430": "um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00070-00020431-00020855": "if i can just start with a few words", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00071-00020856-00021119": "really to sum up why we're here", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00072-00021120-00021399": "so for 50 years", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00073-00021400-00021703": "cannabis has been classified as a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00074-00021704-00021871": "controlled drug", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00075-00021872-00022071": "more than 50 years", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00076-00022072-00022319": "and the default response", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00077-00022320-00022463": "to this", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00078-00022464-00022791": "to use and supply of cannabis for", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00079-00022792-00023111": "non-medical purposes has been punishment", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00080-00023112-00023271": "and it's usually been criminal", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00081-00023272-00023486": "punishment with either the threat of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00082-00023487-00023686": "prison or the reality of prison in", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00083-00023687-00023863": "several countries", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00084-00023864-00024047": "uh countries have done this they've", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00085-00024048-00024239": "passed these laws in order to protect", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00086-00024240-00024527": "their populations from the public health", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00087-00024528-00024791": "consequences and social consequences of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00088-00024792-00024894": "use", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00089-00024895-00025175": "and of the illicit supply chains they've", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00090-00025176-00025367": "been trying to block the illegal supply", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00091-00025368-00025646": "chains from traditionally in europe it's", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00092-00025647-00025870": "been from north africa from the middle", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00093-00025872-00025950": "east", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00094-00025951-00026335": "and asia coming to europe", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00095-00026336-00026655": "but while those laws have been in place", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00096-00026656-00026895": "we've seen organized crime groups have", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00097-00026895-00027214": "gained money they've gained power", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00098-00027216-00027590": "uh consequently the state responses to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00099-00027591-00027783": "the use and supply got tougher they", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00100-00027783-00028111": "resulted in the 1988 united nations", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00101-00028112-00028335": "convention which was the first to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00102-00028336-00028518": "explicitly address", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00103-00028519-00028790": "uh use related offences even though it", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00104-00028791-00028974": "was titled as a convention against", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00105-00028975-00029183": "trafficking", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00106-00029183-00029518": "but since then in the 20 years when i", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00107-00029519-00029743": "personally have been working at this", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00108-00029744-00029935": "monitoring center and looking at drug", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00109-00029936-00030190": "laws around europe", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00110-00030191-00030479": "the policy responses have changed and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00111-00030480-00030807": "this direction of getting tougher has", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00112-00030808-00031143": "in in several cases been reversed", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00113-00031144-00031479": "so we've seen uh prison sentences either", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00114-00031480-00031702": "reduced or removed", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00115-00031703-00031918": "we've seen monetary fines have got", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00116-00031919-00032262": "smaller um and sometimes replaced by", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00117-00032263-00032462": "warnings", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00118-00032463-00032702": "even punishment itself the whole idea of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00119-00032703-00032951": "punishment might have been", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00120-00032952-00033215": "changed or supplemented with", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00121-00033216-00033423": "brief interventions with over more", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00122-00033424-00033967": "rehability of nature such as counselling", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00123-00033968-00034239": "now in terms of these policy responses", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00124-00034240-00034455": "and the changes of the policy responses", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00125-00034456-00034655": "unfortunately the message", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00126-00034656-00034895": "uh whether it's to other policy makers", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00127-00034896-00035159": "or to the public the message is often", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00128-00035160-00035239": "mixed", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00129-00035240-00035471": "and it's misunderstood", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00130-00035472-00035559": "so", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00131-00035560-00035799": "in order to try and bring some kind of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00132-00035800-00035911": "clarity", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00133-00035912-00036207": "uh emcda released a short video", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00134-00036208-00036455": "uh nearly 10 years ago now", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00135-00036456-00036855": "um on our own website on youtube which", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00136-00036856-00037107": "describes the differences between", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00137-00037108-00037335": "decriminalization depenalization", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00138-00037336-00037535": "legalization", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00139-00037536-00037718": "these are not", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00140-00037719-00037887": "um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00141-00037888-00038111": "absolute they are not agreed by", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00142-00038112-00038239": "everybody", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00143-00038240-00038439": "but at least if we can", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00144-00038440-00038767": "agree that some basic terminology then", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00145-00038768-00038943": "we could have a more constructive", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00146-00038944-00039118": "conversation and that was the initial", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00147-00039119-00039295": "idea", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00148-00039296-00039502": "that was came about as a result as the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00149-00039503-00039815": "portuguese policy of the criminalization", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00150-00039816-00040015": "where many people seem to interpret that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00151-00040016-00040207": "as legalization and that you could", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00152-00040208-00040343": "travel to portugal and you were", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00153-00040344-00040583": "permitted", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00154-00040584-00040767": "to possess drugs you were permitted to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00155-00040768-00041079": "use drugs that's not true at all and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00156-00041080-00041246": "eventually we had to do a very simple", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00157-00041247-00041471": "video to explain the difference", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00158-00041472-00041671": "it's all", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00159-00041672-00041958": "nothing is easy across europe and across", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00160-00041959-00042151": "international boundaries we're talking", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00161-00042152-00042407": "about different languages being used", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00162-00042408-00042655": "different legal systems", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00163-00042656-00042807": "and different", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00164-00042808-00043062": "gradations of the legal system but we've", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00165-00043063-00043311": "tried to put forward these very simple", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00166-00043312-00043551": "ideas which should be able to translate", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00167-00043552-00043790": "to each country's legal system", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00168-00043791-00044011": "so we would propose the terms for", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00169-00044012-00044230": "decriminalization means reducing the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00170-00044231-00044655": "size or the significance of the penalty", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00171-00044656-00044871": "changing the status changing the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00172-00044872-00045215": "consequences of the penalty", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00173-00045216-00045446": "different from the penalization where we", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00174-00045447-00045702": "see some countries in europe", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00175-00045703-00045902": "having systems that remove the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00176-00045903-00046143": "application of the penalty the penalty", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00177-00046144-00046423": "is still there in law", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00178-00046424-00046599": "but the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00179-00046600-00046815": "police or the prosecutor or the judge", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00180-00046816-00047102": "has the option to close the case if they", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00181-00047103-00047415": "somehow consider the offence as minor or", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00182-00047416-00047646": "not significant", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00183-00047647-00047862": "we also should not confuse these with", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00184-00047863-00047999": "diversion", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00185-00048000-00048235": "there are many people saying that uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00186-00048236-00048439": "decriminalization is the model look at", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00187-00048440-00048655": "portugal and i think what they're really", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00188-00048656-00048799": "thinking of is they're thinking of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00189-00048800-00048935": "diversion", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00190-00048936-00049239": "the idea of diverting an offender from a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00191-00049240-00049486": "criminal justice system aiming primarily", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00192-00049487-00049630": "at punishment", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00193-00049631-00049927": "to a health sit or social system", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00194-00049928-00050174": "that aims more at some kind of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00195-00050175-00050551": "rehabilitative response or treatment", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00196-00050552-00050699": "and finally", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00197-00050700-00050951": "legalization for which we usually talk", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00198-00050952-00051223": "about regulation because it's certainly", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00199-00051224-00051438": "not a free legalization", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00200-00051439-00051694": "which in our understanding", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00201-00051695-00052094": "allows some form of supply and use and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00202-00052095-00052342": "that would include self-supply", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00203-00052344-00052542": "self-cultivation", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00204-00052544-00052775": "the main thing is that here the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00205-00052776-00052966": "authorities have", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00206-00052967-00053311": "no power no authority to confiscate or", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00207-00053312-00053454": "to intervene", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00208-00053455-00053615": "and there are", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00209-00053616-00053959": "blends of these there are mixtures of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00210-00053960-00054247": "these there are variations of these and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00211-00054248-00054366": "as i say", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00212-00054367-00054503": "they", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00213-00054504-00054654": "they are addressed by different", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00214-00054655-00054894": "terminology in different countries which", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00215-00054895-00055207": "can make this a very tough subject for", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00216-00055208-00055519": "comparative discussion but let's try to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00217-00055520-00055791": "start off with that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00218-00055791-00056023": "so i've said that over the last 20 years", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00219-00056024-00056326": "there was a um there was a trend", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00220-00056327-00056559": "generally in reducing penalties but i", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00221-00056560-00056750": "want to emphasize that this is not a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00222-00056751-00056959": "universal trend", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00223-00056960-00057191": "some countries have insisted on", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00224-00057191-00057359": "increasing their penalties they felt", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00225-00057360-00057519": "that they were too low", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00226-00057520-00057750": "other countries may have reduced", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00227-00057751-00057935": "penalties and then", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00228-00057936-00058159": "decided after a few years to increase", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00229-00058160-00058335": "them once again", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00230-00058336-00058582": "but nevertheless i think it is a general", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00231-00058583-00058726": "trend", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00232-00058727-00058935": "and different people have different", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00233-00058936-00059182": "views as to why these changes have", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00234-00059183-00059311": "happened", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00235-00059312-00059519": "they could be due to internal factors", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00236-00059520-00059735": "just within a country they could be due", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00237-00059736-00060054": "to external factors outside", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00238-00060055-00060366": "and so therein we have this question why", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00239-00060367-00060511": "is this trend", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00240-00060512-00060815": "only in some countries in europe and not", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00241-00060816-00061038": "in all of them why is it that different", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00242-00061039-00061494": "countries choose different responses", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00243-00061495-00062030": "so i'm going to share three questions on", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00244-00062032-00062406": "on a powerpoint and i'm going to ask the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00245-00062407-00062638": "three of our panelists please just to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00246-00062639-00062926": "give two three minutes viewpoint on each", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00247-00062927-00063071": "question", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00248-00063072-00063303": "their opinions and then maybe we'll take", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00249-00063304-00063630": "five minutes afterwards to discuss uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00250-00063632-00063847": "between the group before we move on to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00251-00063848-00064238": "the next question", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00252-00064239-00064766": "so if i can", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00253-00064767-00064959": "share", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00254-00064960-00065166": "this", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00255-00065167-00065767": "screen", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00256-00065768-00065919": "and we'll look at", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00257-00065920-00066111": "the first question", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00258-00066112-00066535": "is that displaying correctly can i check", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00259-00066536-00067663": "it is but it is in not in full screen", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00260-00067664-00067903": "is that better yep", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00261-00067904-00068071": "okay", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00262-00068072-00068382": "so there's question one um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00263-00068383-00068599": "so here we're looking at", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00264-00068600-00068711": "uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00265-00068712-00068967": "the events that have brought us to this", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00266-00068968-00069079": "point", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00267-00069080-00069423": "uh to this year to the evolution of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00268-00069424-00069623": "cannabis policies and i'd like to ask", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00269-00069624-00069903": "from your particular perspective", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00270-00069904-00070126": "what are the developments that have led", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00271-00070127-00070415": "us to this current debate about how much", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00272-00070416-00070647": "cannabis should be prohibited or", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00273-00070648-00070935": "regulated in europe", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00274-00070936-00071126": "and to start off i'd really like to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00275-00071127-00071438": "direct this question to karen who", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00276-00071439-00071638": "i think has quite some experience", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00277-00071639-00071831": "with the changes in malta thank you very", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00278-00071832-00071999": "much karen", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00279-00072000-00072206": "thank you hi hi brandon and thank you", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00280-00072207-00072359": "for inviting me", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00281-00072360-00072582": "um yes i think before we ask the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00282-00072583-00072711": "question", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00283-00072712-00072991": "how it should be regulated or if it", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00284-00072992-00073206": "should be prohibited i think it", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00285-00073207-00073391": "would be better to look at the question", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00286-00073392-00073567": "before that because", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00287-00073568-00073735": "in monta let's say", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00288-00073736-00073991": "10 years ago no one would have thought", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00289-00073992-00074126": "of discussing", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00290-00074127-00074323": "cannabis as a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00291-00074324-00074662": "decriminalized or as a regulated market", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00292-00074663-00074967": "so i think the the shift happened along", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00293-00074968-00075206": "other civil liberties too especially", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00294-00075207-00075335": "from", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00295-00075336-00075535": "from our perspective", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00296-00075536-00075782": "just recently malta", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00297-00075783-00075919": "the divorce", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00298-00075920-00076055": "we are the top", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00299-00076056-00076255": "when it comes to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00300-00076256-00076511": "lgbt iq rights", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00301-00076512-00076831": "so as a country we're moving a bit", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00302-00076832-00077135": "closer to human rights and and and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00303-00077136-00077382": "better civil liberties for all", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00304-00077383-00077655": "um members of society", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00305-00077656-00077767": "i think", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00306-00077768-00077926": "although with the with the fact of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00307-00077927-00078287": "cannabis and drug drug policy a lot of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00308-00078288-00078526": "cases that were making it to the media", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00309-00078527-00078791": "of people incarcerated for", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00310-00078792-00078967": "years", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00311-00078968-00079206": "for long years and maybe others who have", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00312-00079207-00079471": "been waiting for their court cases for", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00313-00079472-00079726": "even longer years and now have adjusted", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00314-00079727-00080038": "lives and have to be sent to prison i", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00315-00080039-00080535": "think those were cases that started to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00316-00080536-00080838": "crumble a bit the the status quo and how", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00317-00080839-00081031": "the country addresses", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00318-00081032-00081255": "people who use drugs and in this case", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00319-00081256-00081823": "people who use cannabis", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00320-00081824-00082134": "that's great thank you very much", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00321-00082135-00082487": "[Music]", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00322-00082488-00082631": "i think that's that's certainly", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00323-00082632-00082855": "something to look at and indeed the the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00324-00082856-00083143": "development of civil liberties uh around", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00325-00083144-00083326": "europe and around the world we've seen", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00326-00083327-00083494": "from some of the the judgments of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00327-00083495-00083655": "superior courts", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00328-00083656-00083831": "where they've they've considered that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00329-00083832-00084126": "this is no longer the the preserve of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00330-00084127-00084255": "the state", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00331-00084256-00084391": "um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00332-00084392-00084526": "tom", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00333-00084527-00084791": "what are your views on this the this", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00334-00084792-00085559": "historical developments up to now", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00335-00085560-00085687": "well", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00336-00085688-00085799": "i think you", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00337-00085800-00085943": "could say that the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00338-00085944-00086206": "transatlantic winds of chains", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00339-00086207-00086350": "that have been blowing in in the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00340-00086351-00086567": "americas for a while have now reached", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00341-00086568-00086679": "the uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00342-00086680-00086871": "the shores in europe", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00343-00086872-00087047": "and i think the common denominator is", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00344-00087048-00087191": "more or less that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00345-00087192-00087550": "uh there's an increasing um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00346-00087551-00087767": "understanding that the prohibition of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00347-00087768-00088006": "cannabis has failed or at least it", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00348-00088007-00088199": "doesn't work that well or there are too", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00349-00088200-00088462": "many negative consequences", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00350-00088463-00088711": "you should also it's not fit for purpose", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00351-00088712-00088903": "anymore", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00352-00088904-00089199": "and i can i think that yeah so in", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00353-00089200-00089431": "several countries in europe there is a a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00354-00089432-00089662": "movement to um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00355-00089663-00090006": "yeah legal or tolerated regulation of of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00356-00090007-00090118": "of cannabis", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00357-00090119-00090406": "basically you could say well it's", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00358-00090407-00090647": "about taking back control i know that is", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00359-00090648-00090815": "within the european union that's a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00360-00090816-00091071": "little bit taboo after brexit but", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00361-00091072-00091326": "basically that is what it", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00362-00091327-00091599": "boils down to take back control", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00363-00091600-00091743": "of a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00364-00091744-00091967": "illicit and criminal market that in fact", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00365-00091968-00092150": "is out of control in terms of protecting", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00366-00092151-00092318": "public health", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00367-00092319-00092494": "public safety", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00368-00092495-00092718": "it doesn't respect age limits", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00369-00092719-00092879": "there are no quality controls on the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00370-00092880-00093143": "cannabis etc etc", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00371-00093144-00093335": "and if you look at europe you could say", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00372-00093336-00093494": "that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00373-00093495-00093735": "i think the whole process is a little", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00374-00093736-00093847": "bit like the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00375-00093848-00094055": "procession of ethernet which is a small", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00376-00094056-00094199": "town in", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00377-00094200-00094391": "in luxembourg where you go three steps", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00378-00094392-00094735": "forwards and two steps back", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00379-00094736-00094991": "in the 1970s the netherlands already", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00380-00094992-00095071": "made", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00381-00095072-00095338": "three giant steps forward by", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00382-00095339-00095662": "decriminalizing and allowing", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00383-00095663-00095918": "sales of cannabis in the coffee shops", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00384-00095919-00096199": "but it also had to take two steps back", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00385-00096200-00096455": "because the initial intention was to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00386-00096456-00096703": "yeah to further", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00387-00096704-00096926": "regulate cannabis at the time in the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00388-00096927-00097174": "1970s but they had to take back", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00389-00097175-00097359": "a few steps back because of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00390-00097360-00097567": "international pressure and you see that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00391-00097568-00097950": "that is a repetitious", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00392-00097951-00098143": "thing happening in europe", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00393-00098144-00098382": "in spain", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00394-00098383-00098631": "cannabis the explosion of cannabis clubs", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00395-00098632-00098903": "and now you can see that there's more", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00396-00098904-00099071": "the supreme court and the constitutional", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00397-00099072-00099343": "court have limited the room of maneuver", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00398-00099344-00099582": "of cannabis clubs you can also see it in", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00399-00099583-00099879": "luxembourg where your initial original", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00400-00099880-00100150": "initial proposals of the government", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00401-00100151-00100382": "coalition much more were more ambitious", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00402-00100383-00100559": "let's say", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00403-00100560-00100750": "they wanted to establish a whole chain", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00404-00100751-00100855": "of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00405-00100856-00101079": "regulated cannabis from cultivation", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00406-00101080-00101238": "distribution to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00407-00101239-00101591": "sales and now it's basically back to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00408-00101592-00101774": "home cultivation and a form of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00409-00101775-00102126": "decriminalization", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00410-00102127-00102423": "which is yeah which fits within what has", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00411-00102424-00102758": "been become the the eu", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00412-00102759-00102918": "rule and regulations", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00413-00102919-00103390": "of the 2004 framework", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00414-00103391-00103686": "framework decision which allows", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00415-00103688-00103999": "some cannabis", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00416-00104000-00104142": "uh use and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00417-00104143-00104430": "some cultivation for personal use", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00418-00104431-00104686": "and uh possession for personal use but", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00419-00104688-00104871": "that's about the limit if you go beyond", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00420-00104872-00105166": "that then there will be problems with", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00421-00105167-00105319": "the eu", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00422-00105320-00105478": "rules and regulations but we'll probably", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00423-00105479-00105566": "get", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00424-00105567-00106071": "to that later on in the debate", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00425-00106072-00106319": "okay thank you so there's the idea of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00426-00106320-00106575": "that there may be internal drivers for", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00427-00106576-00106727": "it but there are also", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00428-00106728-00106990": "external limitations and that a country", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00429-00106991-00107190": "can't really operate just by itself", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00430-00107191-00107566": "anymore", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00431-00107567-00107823": "um yeah", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00432-00107824-00108078": "so sabrina what's the what's the view", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00433-00108079-00108310": "from italy or what are your own personal", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00434-00108311-00108558": "understandings of of this question and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00435-00108559-00108719": "these developments", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00436-00108720-00109119": "so let me give you uh not my personal", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00437-00109120-00109583": "view but the aspar the view of this", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00438-00109583-00109799": "topic because", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00439-00109800-00109990": "we have a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00440-00109991-00110102": "big", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00441-00110103-00110447": "scenario from the aspar data regarding", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00442-00110448-00110766": "the 16 years old that used to be one of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00443-00110767-00111023": "the age class much more interested in", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00444-00111024-00111190": "the cannabis use", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00445-00111191-00111295": "and uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00446-00111296-00111695": "based on the 2019 aspect results the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00447-00111696-00111951": "average lifetime prevalence of cannabis", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00448-00111952-00112223": "use among adolescents in all the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00449-00112224-00112534": "participant countries that remain stable", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00450-00112535-00112966": "signs in 2015 but increased a lot from", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00451-00112967-00113439": "the first wave of asparagus 1995 and the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00452-00113440-00113647": "level of the uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00453-00113648-00113975": "the lifetime prevalence is 16", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00454-00113976-00114302": "with a high cross country variability of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00455-00114303-00114566": "course from my pawn to point of view the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00456-00114567-00114823": "the most important things is to push", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00457-00114824-00115215": "the uh the governor to to do uh to to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00458-00115216-00115599": "organize policy in order to um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00459-00115600-00115823": "evidence-based results", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00460-00115824-00116071": "and uh let me tell you that the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00461-00116072-00116295": "countries with the highest prevalence of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00462-00116296-00116439": "cannabis use", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00463-00116440-00116910": "in the 2019 were chaka italy and latvia", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00464-00116911-00117166": "so our countries with very different", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00465-00117167-00117423": "policy about the legalization of the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00466-00117424-00117599": "prohibition of the possession of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00467-00117600-00117910": "cannabis and we also observed a strong", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00468-00117911-00118207": "decrease in the lifetime use up over 10", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00469-00118208-00118383": "percent point", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00470-00118383-00118695": "in chakra as well in bulgaria in france", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00471-00118696-00118975": "and in monaco and this developer wanted", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00472-00118976-00119263": "a future investigation to gain insight", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00473-00119264-00119607": "into possible factors that can influence", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00474-00119608-00119758": "all the decrees", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00475-00119759-00119999": "the low lifetime prevalence rate", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00476-00120000-00120086": "were", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00477-00120088-00120383": "also founded in four of the natick", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00478-00120383-00120678": "countries like faroe highlander norway", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00479-00120679-00120799": "sweden", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00480-00120800-00120878": "and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00481-00120879-00121223": "several balkan states and with respect", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00482-00121224-00121599": "to the uh the last wave a 2015 wave they", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00483-00121600-00121878": "have rarely a aspect prevalence of the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00484-00121879-00122054": "last year use that and the other", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00485-00122055-00122278": "indicator because in the last time we", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00486-00122279-00122583": "use we look at the uh only", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00487-00122583-00122823": "the general experience when we look at", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00488-00122824-00123134": "the last year prevalence um it's", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00489-00123135-00123471": "something much more concrete and that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00490-00123472-00123863": "that prevalence remains stable at 13 is", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00491-00123864-00124110": "not so far from the left the lifetime", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00492-00124111-00124199": "one", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00493-00124200-00124583": "but um what is also important is that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00494-00124583-00124895": "the average of the current use i meant", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00495-00124896-00124990": "the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00496-00124991-00125286": "last month prevalence remains stable", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00497-00125288-00125639": "with a significant increase observing in", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00498-00125640-00126047": "six countries and significant decrease", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00499-00126048-00126319": "observed only two countries bulgaria and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00500-00126320-00126599": "france but what is important is that the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00501-00126600-00126943": "high prevalence of current user 13", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00502-00126944-00127239": "of iger is in italy and in france and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00503-00127240-00127558": "the netherlands that are", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00504-00127559-00127847": "countries with a very different cannabis", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00505-00127848-00128054": "regulation in", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00506-00128055-00128319": "in places so that meant that probably we", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00507-00128320-00128431": "need to look", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00508-00128432-00128766": "deeply inside this kind of data", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00509-00128767-00129023": "to have the the necessary information in", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00510-00129024-00129310": "order to understand what is going on", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00511-00129311-00129566": "but what i also want to tell you is that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00512-00129567-00129686": "we have", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00513-00129688-00129943": "in the aspar the study", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00514-00129944-00130343": "scale for the measure of the high risk", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00515-00130344-00130654": "use of cannabis the name of the scale is", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00516-00130655-00131031": "a caster cannabis abuse screening test", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00517-00131032-00131207": "and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00518-00131208-00131495": "this scale suggests that an average of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00519-00131496-00131790": "four percent of students in the total of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00520-00131791-00132007": "the as per the population can be", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00521-00132008-00132343": "considered to be a risk of developing a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00522-00132344-00132623": "cannabis related problem and these", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00523-00132624-00132935": "correspond at an average of 35 percent", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00524-00132936-00133023": "among", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00525-00133024-00133151": "last year", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00526-00133152-00133239": "users", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00527-00133240-00133527": "so the 35 percent of the students who", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00528-00133528-00133887": "use cannabis one or more time during one", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00529-00133888-00133983": "year", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00530-00133984-00134143": "may have", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00531-00134144-00134319": "some", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00532-00134320-00134551": "they may have a high risk cannabis use", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00533-00134552-00134854": "but what is interesting is that a cost", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00534-00134855-00135223": "of cyprus montenegro sardia sweden which", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00535-00135224-00135439": "were the countries where i guess", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00536-00135440-00135783": "proportion of use of the high risk of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00537-00135784-00136078": "developing economies related problem the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00538-00136079-00136287": "prevalence of the cannabis use in the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00539-00136288-00136575": "last 12th month was among the lowest in", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00540-00136576-00136887": "europe that means that there is not a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00541-00136888-00137151": "there's a straight relationship between", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00542-00137152-00137390": "the prevalence of use the people who use", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00543-00137391-00137566": "the cannabis and the prevalence of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00544-00137567-00137847": "people who develop problems related to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00545-00137848-00138087": "the use of cannabis", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00546-00138088-00138311": "in fact in their car in their countries", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00547-00138312-00138566": "like netherlands solace and chakra where", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00548-00138567-00139023": "the rate of the prevalence uh last year", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00549-00139024-00139439": "prevalence is eiger our very lowest", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00550-00139440-00139687": "percentage proportion of student with", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00551-00139688-00139927": "problematic use of cannabis this", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00552-00139928-00140207": "suggests that there is not a simple and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00553-00140208-00140502": "direct relation between the cannabis use", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00554-00140503-00140743": "and the risk he used with the potential", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00555-00140744-00141007": "influence of other factors such for", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00556-00141008-00141319": "example the quantitative actually user", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00557-00141320-00141575": "as well uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00558-00141576-00141735": "social or", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00559-00141736-00142102": "cultural factor or the air quality the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00560-00142103-00142335": "the quality of the cannabis they use it", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00561-00142336-00142599": "and this factor may include how", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00562-00142600-00142823": "different the societies react to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00563-00142824-00143102": "cannabis use which may influence the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00564-00143103-00143414": "self-assessment of the excessive use on", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00565-00143415-00143639": "the willingness to stop using all the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00566-00143640-00143863": "recommendations by other for example", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00567-00143864-00144159": "parents and teachers to stop using and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00568-00144160-00144375": "the development of the conflicting in", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00569-00144376-00144559": "relation to use i'm sorry it was a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00570-00144560-00144711": "little longer but i think it was", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00571-00144712-00145007": "important to have this um general", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00572-00145008-00145295": "overview about uh among the edited", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00573-00145296-00145423": "adolescents", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00574-00145424-00145726": "it yeah it shows that the issue is not", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00575-00145727-00146063": "is not as simple as many people believe", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00576-00146064-00146390": "um at the mcda at least we tracked", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00577-00146391-00146654": "cannabis use amongst young adults in", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00578-00146655-00146847": "those countries which changed their", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00579-00146848-00147207": "penalties in law and found that it was", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00580-00147208-00147423": "not a very simple relationship like many", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00581-00147424-00147654": "people expected that if you increase the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00582-00147655-00147911": "penalty the use falls or if you reduce", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00583-00147912-00148190": "the penalty the use increases i think", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00584-00148191-00148431": "your work in spad is particularly", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00585-00148432-00148759": "interested when it comes to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00586-00148760-00149071": "cannabis policies as in legal status", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00587-00149072-00149231": "because when we talk about the law", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00588-00149232-00149471": "normally the law only refers to adults", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00589-00149472-00149766": "it is only adults who would be punished", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00590-00149767-00149951": "and yet what you're looking at is 15 to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00591-00149952-00150263": "16 year olds so once again it's a it's", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00592-00150264-00150623": "an extra consideration about how these", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00593-00150624-00150878": "different factors may be linked or how", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00594-00150879-00151190": "there may be breaks in the links that we", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00595-00151191-00151431": "all expect", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00596-00151432-00151726": "thank you everybody for your views uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00597-00151727-00152078": "can i ask if anybody if any three of you", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00598-00152079-00152271": "have any questions to the other", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00599-00152272-00153047": "panelists about what they said", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00600-00153048-00153319": "if i may add something please", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00601-00153320-00153511": "it i find it very interesting that when", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00602-00153512-00153814": "we speak about cannabis and problematic", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00603-00153815-00154166": "cannabis use we tend to forget that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00604-00154167-00154278": "there are different matters of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00605-00154279-00154631": "consumption and unfortunately in europe", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00606-00154632-00154751": "there is a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00607-00154752-00154999": "prevalence of mixing cannabis with", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00608-00155000-00155366": "tobacco in the same", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00609-00155367-00155599": "the same cigarette practically and i'm", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00610-00155600-00155911": "curious if any of you maybe", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00611-00155912-00156223": "encountered any studies which take this", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00612-00156224-00156511": "into consideration um i find it very", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00613-00156512-00156743": "interesting that when experts in malta", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00614-00156744-00157007": "were speaking about and discussing what", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00615-00157008-00157207": "do i mean by the criminalize then and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00616-00157208-00157502": "the amounts that should be allowed", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00617-00157503-00157831": "all experts used to speak only about", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00618-00157832-00158014": "joints", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00619-00158015-00158278": "and that is cannabis mixed with tobacco", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00620-00158279-00158487": "and when", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00621-00158488-00158759": "sometimes there are discussions about", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00622-00158760-00159207": "edibles or other forms of cannabis", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00623-00159208-00159454": "unfortunately this is not given enough", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00624-00159455-00159599": "space", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00625-00159600-00159878": "and and i'm curious a bit how", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00626-00159879-00160199": "uh maybe research could also look into", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00627-00160200-00160359": "different methods of consumption", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00628-00160360-00160590": "different risks linked", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00629-00160591-00160783": "with with matters of consumption and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00630-00160784-00161063": "also maybe prevalence and and problems", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00631-00161064-00161383": "later on in life", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00632-00161384-00161543": "thank you", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00633-00161544-00161702": "thank you i mean i think that's a great", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00634-00161703-00161911": "point and if if we look at the question", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00635-00161912-00162087": "the the developments which have led up", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00636-00162088-00162295": "to the current debate what we know and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00637-00162296-00162511": "what sabrina may be telling us", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00638-00162512-00162743": "is that the level of tobacco consumption", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00639-00162744-00162943": "has really dropped across europe in", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00640-00162944-00163159": "about the last 20 years amongst young", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00641-00163160-00163519": "people so then one one questions how", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00642-00163520-00163735": "much are young people still interested", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00643-00163736-00164014": "in smoking joints", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00644-00164015-00164159": "this is something that we'll be coming", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00645-00164160-00164447": "on to in in the next questions also are", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00646-00164448-00164614": "the different formats of cannabis", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00647-00164615-00164766": "consumption", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00648-00164767-00164999": "but it's true that consumption trends", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00649-00165000-00165151": "are changing", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00650-00165152-00165454": "uh beliefs in the harms in cannabis and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00651-00165455-00165743": "tobacco are changing and they may have", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00652-00165744-00166047": "led us to where we are at the moment", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00653-00166048-00166151": "um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00654-00166152-00166583": "other colleagues uh any questions", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00655-00166584-00166759": "oh i think tom's got a problem with his", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00656-00166760-00167014": "internet", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00657-00167015-00167399": "uh if i if yeah i i also", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00658-00167400-00167607": "encourage more research into the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00659-00167608-00167799": "different forms of cannabis and i mean", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00660-00167800-00168038": "you can talk about tobacco and cannabis", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00661-00168039-00168375": "because there's cannabis can have very", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00662-00168376-00168575": "many different forms so we should look", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00663-00168576-00168863": "into the thc cbd ratios", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00664-00168864-00169126": "and even um yeah use that also in", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00665-00169127-00169335": "prevention messages towards younger", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00666-00169336-00169631": "people that it would actually be better", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00667-00169632-00169887": "to uh smoke uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00668-00169888-00170102": "cannabis with with", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00669-00170103-00170502": "low thc levels and or maybe even better", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00670-00170503-00170823": "uh somewhat higher cbd level so", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00671-00170824-00171087": "the kind of cannabis that you smoke can", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00672-00171088-00171231": "uh um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00673-00171232-00171495": "different can be very different at many", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00674-00171496-00171647": "levels and i think that would that is", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00675-00171648-00171854": "something that the future research", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00676-00171855-00171943": "should", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00677-00171944-00172271": "uh look into you could even imagine that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00678-00172272-00172647": "you if cannabis would be regulated that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00679-00172648-00172854": "up to a certain age limit people are not", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00680-00172855-00173063": "allowed to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00681-00173064-00173390": "buy cannabis above a certain thc level", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00682-00173391-00173471": "or", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00683-00173472-00173863": "below a certain cbd level as that is", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00684-00173864-00174023": "usually", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00685-00174024-00174278": "considered a more safe form of cannabis", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00686-00174279-00174543": "to to use and that these are things you", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00687-00174544-00174854": "can do when you regulate you can try to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00688-00174855-00174990": "nudge i mean", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00689-00174991-00175263": "no regulation is 100 perfect and it's", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00690-00175264-00175407": "always difficult to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00691-00175408-00175623": "to control but at least then you have a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00692-00175624-00175919": "clear clearer message on", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00693-00175920-00176023": "what i would", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00694-00176024-00176359": "call a responsible cannabis use", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00695-00176360-00176463": "um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00696-00176464-00176743": "tom in your work following the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00697-00176744-00177063": "developments of the united nations uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00698-00177064-00177319": "would you like to take this moment to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00699-00177320-00177511": "explain really briefly what's been", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00700-00177512-00177623": "happening", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00701-00177624-00177895": "um in the last year because i think that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00702-00177896-00178135": "i saw some headlines about a year ago", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00703-00178136-00178287": "about about", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00704-00178288-00178559": "uh the un is now declaring that cannabis", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00705-00178560-00178823": "is not so harmful and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00706-00178824-00178999": "that there are steps towards", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00707-00179000-00179311": "legalization i think that's once again a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00708-00179312-00179559": "bit of a mixed message are you able to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00709-00179560-00179654": "give", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00710-00179655-00179919": "our viewers a really brief summary about", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00711-00179920-00180254": "what happened there", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00712-00180255-00180438": "yes um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00713-00180439-00180599": "cannabis", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00714-00180600-00180911": "was a place on the 1960 well if", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00715-00180912-00181063": "uh if you look at the the the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00716-00181064-00181335": "conventions um uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00717-00181336-00181607": "there are a lot of uh substances that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00718-00181608-00181678": "are", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00719-00181679-00181943": "under different levels of control", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00720-00181944-00182214": "uh and there is a mechanism to put these", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00721-00182215-00182438": "substances there", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00722-00182439-00182702": "however at the beginning when the 61", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00723-00182703-00182951": "convention was", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00724-00182952-00183263": "negotiated a lot of substances like", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00725-00183264-00183478": "cannabis opium coca were just put on", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00726-00183479-00183719": "that list and there was never ever a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00727-00183720-00184159": "review but or a critical review if if", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00728-00184160-00184366": "cannabis was a dangerous yes or no and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00729-00184367-00184631": "cannabis was placed in two schedules", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00730-00184632-00184863": "one which is the schedule one which is", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00731-00184864-00185119": "the the most strict one", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00732-00185120-00185423": "and additionally in schedule four which", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00733-00185424-00185502": "is", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00734-00185503-00185583": "all", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00735-00185584-00185878": "uh all all substantive substances that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00736-00185879-00186111": "schedule for also in schedule one", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00737-00186112-00186350": "which and but schedule four is a special", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00738-00186351-00186575": "but optional schedule", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00739-00186576-00186759": "that said uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00740-00186760-00186887": "that these drugs were particularly", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00741-00186888-00187095": "dangerous and they should not be allowed", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00742-00187096-00187350": "for even for medical news but that was", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00743-00187351-00187583": "optional countries were not obliged to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00744-00187584-00187759": "to um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00745-00187760-00187919": "to go that far", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00746-00187920-00187999": "and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00747-00188000-00188071": "the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00748-00188072-00188319": "uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00749-00188320-00188550": "the way the who", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00750-00188551-00188823": "expert committee on dangerous drugs who", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00751-00188824-00189054": "proposes where to put the drugs in the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00752-00189055-00189223": "schedule", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00753-00189224-00189550": "did have a finally after 50 years or so", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00754-00189551-00189726": "a critical review of cannabis and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00755-00189727-00190054": "decided that cannabis does not belong in", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00756-00190055-00190231": "schedule four so", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00757-00190232-00190511": "and that means that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00758-00190512-00190719": "countries or that that is a signal", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00759-00190720-00190935": "towards countries that indeed there is", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00760-00190936-00191166": "medical use and the research into", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00761-00191167-00191399": "medical use uh would be useful but like", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00762-00191400-00191631": "i said that was always optional so the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00763-00191632-00191871": "change is actually quite small because", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00764-00191872-00192119": "canada still remains in schedule one", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00765-00192120-00192375": "which basically uh calls for the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00766-00192376-00192911": "strictest controls possible of uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00767-00192912-00193350": "i hope that was short enough and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00768-00193351-00193590": "if i may add something really short", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00769-00193591-00193871": "please it's interesting that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00770-00193872-00194063": "maltese law", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00771-00194064-00194366": "listed cannabis as indian hemp", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00772-00194367-00194590": "and it's still listed as indian hemp", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00773-00194591-00194766": "it's only now that is going to be", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00774-00194767-00194966": "changed with the new law", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00775-00194967-00195207": "uh proposed to to decriminalize", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00776-00195208-00195375": "partially decriminalized cannabis and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00777-00195376-00195559": "that is interesting because for all", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00778-00195560-00195695": "these years", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00779-00195696-00195959": "um the maltese law was criminalizing", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00780-00195960-00196111": "indian hemp", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00781-00196112-00196287": "including seeds", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00782-00196288-00196599": "and branches and and all that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00783-00196600-00196959": "is composed of of indian hemp", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00784-00196960-00197126": "well goes to show how outdated the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00785-00197127-00197287": "conventions are but", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00786-00197288-00197487": "my personal", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00787-00197488-00197638": "there are you know there are there are", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00788-00197639-00197895": "some countries in europe which um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00789-00197896-00198150": "haven't changed the basis of their", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00790-00198151-00198326": "cannabis control", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00791-00198327-00198599": "for 20 or 30 years and there are others", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00792-00198600-00198783": "which are making quite significant", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00793-00198784-00199023": "changes just in the last few years and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00794-00199024-00199278": "there you've you've seen", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00795-00199279-00199575": "what we know also is that in these", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00796-00199576-00199743": "developments that have led up to this up", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00797-00199744-00200023": "to now that there have been scientific", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00798-00200024-00200263": "advances in cannabis", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00799-00200264-00200566": "for medicinal uses and we'll be making", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00800-00200567-00200831": "that the subject of a future webinar so", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00801-00200832-00201063": "i don't want to go into that too much", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00802-00201064-00201199": "um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00803-00201200-00201431": "there have been uh now", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00804-00201432-00201607": "as a result of the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00805-00201608-00201838": "world health organization's expert", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00806-00201839-00202023": "committee on drug dependence critical", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00807-00202024-00202254": "review that tom mentioned", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00808-00202255-00202431": "uh we have", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00809-00202432-00202854": "a more accurate and agreed", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00810-00202855-00203207": "statement of the current risks of harms", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00811-00203208-00203502": "from consuming cannabis", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00812-00203503-00203766": "but yes we have whether it's referred to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00813-00203767-00203959": "as indian hemp or whether it's hemp", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00814-00203960-00204214": "generally we have the confusion that the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00815-00204215-00204543": "cannabis plant without its intoxicating", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00816-00204544-00204879": "thc has been used for 100 years", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00817-00204880-00205038": "for hundreds of years", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00818-00205039-00205286": "for purposes of fiber", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00819-00205287-00205575": "even the word canvas comes from cannabis", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00820-00205576-00205806": "it's a it's an old french variation of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00821-00205807-00205882": "of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00822-00205883-00206055": "cannabis", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00823-00206056-00206175": "and so", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00824-00206176-00206575": "there is this idea of prohibition of the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00825-00206576-00206814": "psychoactive substance but at the same", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00826-00206815-00206919": "time", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00827-00206919-00207071": "not everybody can prohibit the whole", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00828-00207071-00207271": "plant because there's a very well", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00829-00207271-00207510": "existing trade in it", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00830-00207511-00207742": "and increasingly there has been a bit", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00831-00207744-00208046": "more confusion between the two about", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00832-00208048-00208231": "where do you draw the line", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00833-00208232-00208638": "one stops and the other starts", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00834-00208639-00209006": "okay um thank you very much if i", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00835-00209007-00209151": "just", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00836-00209152-00209575": "share again to move on to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00837-00209576-00210439": "uh the second question", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00838-00210440-00210903": "um and i'd ask uh each of you in turn", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00839-00210904-00211087": "moving on from the developments what are", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00840-00211088-00211287": "the most pressing challenges", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00841-00211288-00211439": "right now", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00842-00211440-00211687": "um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00843-00211688-00211839": "i think uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00844-00211840-00212063": "sabrina would you like to have a look at", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00845-00212064-00212239": "that and the second half of the question", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00846-00212240-00212479": "is the current cannabis policy debate", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00847-00212480-00212710": "having an impact i think you're you're", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00848-00212711-00212982": "looking there at the different use", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00849-00212983-00213182": "statistics around europe between the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00850-00213183-00213358": "different age groups and you may be able", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00851-00213359-00213503": "to contribute", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00852-00213504-00213598": "thank you", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00853-00213600-00213998": "yes thank you for the question uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00854-00214000-00214231": "i think that right now the greed is a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00855-00214232-00214527": "challenge of the country is to push our", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00856-00214528-00214787": "governance to develop a truly", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00857-00214788-00215071": "evidence-based policy this is uh what i", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00858-00215071-00215334": "think and regarding that i want to show", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00859-00215335-00215671": "you some results always from the aspa", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00860-00215671-00215839": "data", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00861-00215840-00216151": "i want to talk about the paper from", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00862-00216152-00216334": "elizabeth", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00863-00216335-00216606": "the name of the paper is cannabis policy", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00864-00216607-00216855": "change and how called kind of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00865-00216856-00217063": "an adolescent cannabis use sorry", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00866-00217064-00217279": "evidence from europe i want to share", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00867-00217280-00217487": "with you some results from this paper", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00868-00217488-00217758": "because i think that this is an example", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00869-00217759-00218079": "of what we can do with the data that we", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00870-00218080-00218182": "collect", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00871-00218183-00218423": "of course is only something partial", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00872-00218423-00218606": "because we also need some other", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00873-00218607-00218871": "indicator in order to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00874-00218871-00219191": "drive the uh the policy from our", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00875-00219192-00219439": "governors but it's something that is", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00876-00219440-00219791": "necessary to consider to start in this", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00877-00219792-00220046": "paper we examine the association between", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00878-00220048-00220358": "the changes in cannabis control policies", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00879-00220359-00220646": "and changes in adolescent perceived", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00880-00220648-00220934": "viability and self-reported use of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00881-00220935-00221279": "cannabis in 20 european countries we", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00882-00221280-00221606": "look at 15 countries where laws were", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00883-00221607-00221846": "changed in this time", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00884-00221848-00221942": "frame", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00885-00221944-00222294": "and uh seven countries which served as a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00886-00222296-00222598": "control group because and we look over a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00887-00222600-00222903": "period of more than 15 years science", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00888-00222904-00223239": "1995 to 2015", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00889-00223240-00223519": "specifically we reviewed all the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00890-00223519-00223831": "existing literature to characterize the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00891-00223832-00224094": "type of cannabis control policy and we", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00892-00224096-00224358": "categorized from the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00893-00224359-00224703": "much more restrictive to the much more", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00894-00224704-00224942": "much more liberalized", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00895-00224944-00225046": "and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00896-00225048-00225303": "we look at the changes in each country", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00897-00225304-00225510": "and apply the difference and difference", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00898-00225511-00225791": "model that is a popular statistical", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00899-00225792-00226079": "technique that attempts to mimic the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00900-00226080-00226494": "experimental research design what we did", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00901-00226496-00226623": "is uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00902-00226623-00226742": "we analyzed", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00903-00226744-00226846": "the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00904-00226848-00227103": "starting from the analla analysis from", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00905-00227104-00227171": "the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00906-00227171-00227679": "perseverability uh we uh we found that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00907-00227680-00227806": "um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00908-00227807-00228031": "we found that there are not", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00909-00228032-00228306": "none the criminalization and the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00910-00228307-00228582": "dependentization reforms it seems to be", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00911-00228583-00228942": "linked to an increase in the perception", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00912-00228944-00229287": "of the easy access to this substance by", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00913-00229288-00229639": "students and this finding suggests that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00914-00229640-00229846": "the common absence of the cannabis", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00915-00229848-00230134": "availability will increase with the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00916-00230135-00230463": "relaxation of prohibition might not be", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00917-00230464-00230815": "applied to the european cases this means", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00918-00230816-00231063": "that in countries like for example", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00919-00231064-00231391": "portugal where the personal possession", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00920-00231392-00231679": "of cannabis was becoming decriminalized", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00921-00231680-00231982": "in 2001 the perceived availability of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00922-00231983-00232294": "cannabis did not increase as a result of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00923-00232296-00232567": "the reform compared for example to a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00924-00232567-00232767": "country like france where the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00925-00232767-00232967": "possibility of incarceration for the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00926-00232967-00233231": "possession of cannabis for personal use", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00927-00233232-00233406": "is still foreseen", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00928-00233407-00233567": "and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00929-00233567-00234015": "concerning for example the cannabis", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00930-00234016-00234479": "outcomes our results show that only some", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00931-00234480-00234846": "cannabis policy reforms were associated", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00932-00234848-00235151": "to significant change in the prevalence", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00933-00235152-00235431": "this can be considered a very important", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00934-00235432-00235815": "findings itself as it confirms that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00935-00235816-00236119": "there is not an automatic link between", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00936-00236119-00236439": "cannabis policy and the use and that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00937-00236440-00236671": "other factor might play an important", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00938-00236671-00236846": "role and that's important", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00939-00236848-00237079": "to underline because we need many other", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00940-00237080-00237367": "indicators to understand what we", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00941-00237367-00237663": "needed to do among these we can mention", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00942-00237664-00237927": "information and prevention programs but", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00943-00237928-00238198": "also actual level of implementation and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00944-00238200-00238431": "enforcement of the reforms", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00945-00238432-00238663": "that they can affect", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00946-00238664-00238855": "both the perception of risk and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00947-00238856-00239103": "technology in their knowledge", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00948-00239104-00239191": "and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00949-00239192-00239471": "as a highlighted by previous study", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00950-00239471-00239646": "conducted in europe", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00951-00239648-00239767": "the uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00952-00239767-00240191": "we look also at the the comparison and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00953-00240192-00240639": "when we considering all types of users", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00954-00240640-00240927": "uh two categories of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00955-00240928-00241167": "showing effect among the more", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00956-00241167-00241494": "restrictive ones so only if we look at", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00957-00241496-00241934": "the occasional user the more rescript", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00958-00241935-00242319": "the restrictive kind of policy seems to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00959-00242319-00242687": "impact with the prevalence of use in the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00960-00242688-00243030": "meantime only when we look at the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00961-00243031-00243351": "occasional user also the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00962-00243352-00243487": "much more", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00963-00243488-00243710": "liberalized", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00964-00243711-00244015": "policy seems to be related but when we", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00965-00244016-00244094": "look", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00966-00244096-00244342": "of the frequent users", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00967-00244344-00244510": "no", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00968-00244511-00244846": "no relationship we found between the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00969-00244848-00245198": "cannabis use and the uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00970-00245200-00245615": "the kind of uh reform that's we think is", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00971-00245616-00245934": "very very important because some", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00972-00245935-00246127": "reformers reducing", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00973-00246128-00246391": "the penalty for cannabis possession are", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00974-00246392-00246630": "associated to an increase in some", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00975-00246631-00246934": "measure of adolescent cannabis use", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00976-00246935-00247215": "signal that that reformer might have", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00977-00247216-00247463": "someone reduces the stigma of the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00978-00247464-00247679": "perception of the risk associated with", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00979-00247680-00247839": "cannabis use", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00980-00247840-00248046": "so we are not really", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00981-00248048-00248167": "sure that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00982-00248167-00248271": "um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00983-00248271-00248415": "that the results", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00984-00248416-00248655": "can be only associated to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00985-00248656-00248951": "only the change in the uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00986-00248952-00249230": "occasional use and this is a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00987-00249231-00249430": "in line with the fact that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00988-00249431-00249646": "non-increasing was observed the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00989-00249648-00249871": "concerning adolescent to perceive the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00990-00249871-00250015": "easy access", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00991-00250016-00250310": "to substance that indicated that there", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00992-00250311-00250551": "are other main factors", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00993-00250552-00250719": "which the policy", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00994-00250719-00250998": "reform may have acted", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00995-00251000-00251455": "and did not change significantly and the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00996-00251456-00251703": "shifting social norm regarding cannabis", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00997-00251704-00251887": "use and may have instead increased that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00998-00251888-00252155": "the cannabis use among experimental and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-00999-00252156-00252471": "non-frequent use and on the contrary in", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01000-00252471-00252703": "those countries where the silly", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01001-00252704-00252967": "penalties for cannabis possession were", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01002-00252967-00253206": "increased the reduction in the share of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01003-00253207-00253510": "experimental and non-frequent use was", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01004-00253511-00253710": "coupled by a reduction in their", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01005-00253711-00254015": "perception of cannabis liabilities and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01006-00254016-00254294": "this may indicate that this kind of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01007-00254296-00254623": "policy was effective in reducing access", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01008-00254623-00254863": "to informal change", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01009-00254864-00255151": "channel sorry or increasing the price of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01010-00255152-00255398": "this substance on the black market for", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01011-00255400-00255494": "the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01012-00255496-00255734": "population of the users", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01013-00255735-00255919": "and our results", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01014-00255919-00256198": "at the end they confirmed that uh some", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01015-00256200-00256479": "of these reforms are linked to a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01016-00256480-00256694": "reduction in a share of student", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01017-00256696-00256823": "approaching", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01018-00256823-00257110": "this substance which is in line with", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01019-00257111-00257391": "this object however the fact that no", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01020-00257392-00257630": "reduction it was observed in a share of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01021-00257631-00257967": "frequency users who were", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01022-00257967-00258191": "the the kind of student who", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01023-00258192-00258351": "can have a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01024-00258352-00258806": "higher risk a regulated daily user uh i", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01025-00258807-00259119": "we think is a really really um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01026-00259119-00259351": "important to underlined", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01027-00259352-00259542": "so that's a that's a really important", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01028-00259544-00259727": "response to the second question then", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01029-00259728-00259975": "which is is the policy debate having an", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01030-00259976-00260215": "impact um and what you're highlighting", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01031-00260216-00260439": "there is impact on whom", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01032-00260440-00260710": "yeah there's there's many different uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01033-00260711-00260927": "groups of society uh where there are", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01034-00260928-00261103": "groups of drug users groups of young", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01035-00261104-00261398": "people um who are expected to be", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01036-00261400-00261727": "impacted by policies but uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01037-00261728-00261942": "they are receiving the messages in very", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01038-00261944-00262063": "different ways", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01039-00262064-00262343": "and this can be because of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01040-00262344-00262527": "the level or the quality of the policy", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01041-00262528-00262823": "debate this can be because of the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01042-00262824-00263023": "implementation of the policies", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01043-00263024-00263239": "themselves not just how they're framed", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01044-00263240-00263430": "in legislation", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01045-00263431-00263663": "and the beliefs of those people looking", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01046-00263664-00264023": "at them thank you so much for that um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01047-00264024-00264271": "tom what are your views on the the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01048-00264272-00264479": "challenges that we have and the the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01049-00264480-00264999": "impact of the debate", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01050-00265000-00265191": "um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01051-00265192-00265399": "yeah i want to highlight a completely", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01052-00265400-00265630": "different issue and that is uh that is", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01053-00265631-00265903": "related to um international law", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01054-00265904-00266215": "uh if you see what is happening now that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01055-00266216-00266375": "current and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01056-00266376-00266655": "also future legal regulations", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01057-00266656-00266919": "uh practices are are violating uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01058-00266920-00267143": "international law what's happening in", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01059-00267144-00267447": "canada uruguay the us", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01060-00267448-00267710": "and possibly also uh in the european", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01061-00267711-00267967": "countries in the future is is not only", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01062-00267968-00268134": "violating the three", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01063-00268135-00268399": "uh you and rocco pensions but also", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01064-00268400-00268815": "um yeah challenging the uh the eu law", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01065-00268816-00269158": "and notably the 2004 framework framework", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01066-00269159-00269295": "decision", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01067-00269296-00269471": "uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01068-00269472-00269695": "and i think that is a problem because", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01069-00269696-00269910": "international law is already a fragile", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01070-00269911-00270015": "system", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01071-00270016-00270367": "but it's in indispensable for for a more", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01072-00270368-00270630": "secure and humane and environmentally", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01073-00270631-00270863": "safe world order so ignoring or", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01074-00270864-00271110": "violating international law uh is", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01075-00271111-00271263": "undermining that system and i think", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01076-00271264-00271423": "really uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01077-00271424-00271682": "we should start looking into that how we", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01078-00271683-00271830": "can uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01079-00271831-00272134": "figure out a way that we can change", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01080-00272135-00272343": "because conventions are very difficult", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01081-00272344-00272519": "to change and especially specifically", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01082-00272520-00272727": "the drug control conventions", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01083-00272728-00272934": "are difficult to change", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01084-00272935-00273158": "because of the the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01085-00273159-00273295": "yeah the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01086-00273296-00273543": "growing uh tensions between countries on", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01087-00273544-00273727": "the issue and it's of course a very", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01088-00273728-00273855": "emotional", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01089-00273856-00274095": "issue rational arguments tend to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01090-00274096-00274303": "disappear", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01091-00274304-00274575": "uh uh and yeah i think we we should", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01092-00274576-00274727": "really uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01093-00274728-00274919": "start looking at that and and find ways", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01094-00274920-00275158": "to deal with that of course as cni we", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01095-00275159-00275247": "have", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01096-00275248-00275543": "done have some proposals to do so", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01097-00275544-00275727": "[Music]", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01098-00275728-00275871": "countries who do want to regulate", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01099-00275872-00276151": "cannabis can make a late reservation", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01100-00276152-00276430": "to the conventions like bolivia has done", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01101-00276431-00276663": "uh with the coca leave and that has been", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01102-00276664-00276982": "accepted by by by the system uh you can", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01103-00276983-00277063": "also", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01104-00277064-00277282": "do that with a group of countries so", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01105-00277283-00277479": "collectively late reservations and what", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01106-00277480-00277591": "we also", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01107-00277592-00277734": "propose is", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01108-00277735-00277910": "a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01109-00277911-00278206": "inter say treaty modification where in", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01110-00278207-00278327": "which a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01111-00278328-00278767": "group of like-minded countries", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01112-00278768-00278967": "for instance on cannabis well we don't", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01113-00278968-00279143": "agree with but it's in the conventions", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01114-00279144-00279279": "anymore we", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01115-00279280-00279399": "among us", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01116-00279400-00279567": "we will", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01117-00279568-00279758": "have a different system but we", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01118-00279759-00279943": "respect our obligations towards other", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01119-00279944-00280303": "states and that might be a and that is a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01120-00280304-00280534": "a legally international that is all", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01121-00280535-00280751": "according to international law so that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01122-00280752-00281039": "would be a a um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01123-00281040-00281199": "controversial", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01124-00281200-00281367": "but uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01125-00281368-00281558": "a way out", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01126-00281559-00281799": "and probably the most elegant way we see", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01127-00281800-00281903": "the same", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01128-00281904-00282127": "problem with eu law", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01129-00282128-00282367": "what has happened in uh like", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01130-00282368-00282615": "i mentioned before that luxembourg had", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01131-00282616-00282895": "initially a more um let's say radical", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01132-00282896-00283182": "proposal uh which would have", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01133-00283183-00283471": "violated the framework decision and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01134-00283472-00283655": "but what i'm now reading in the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01135-00283656-00283806": "newspapers is", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01136-00283807-00284119": "well to put it uh bluntly is that uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01137-00284120-00284391": "luxembourg has been bullied back by its", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01138-00284392-00284630": "neighbors luxembourg sandwich a small", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01139-00284631-00284806": "state sandwich between", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01140-00284807-00285023": "the two uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01141-00285024-00285254": "important uh european powers like france", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01142-00285255-00285495": "and and germany and also", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01143-00285496-00285623": "belgium", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01144-00285624-00285991": "to into what fits in that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01145-00285992-00286247": "framework decision but we yeah", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01146-00286248-00286527": "i expect that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01147-00286528-00286775": "that limited framework decision will", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01148-00286776-00286982": "eventually be", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01149-00286983-00287127": "violated by", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01150-00287128-00287358": "because luxembourg has announced that it", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01151-00287359-00287503": "will", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01152-00287504-00287847": "uh table uh another more uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01153-00287848-00288079": "far-reaching uh proposal and but but", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01154-00288080-00288279": "yeah what is germany going to do we see", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01155-00288280-00288543": "now that the new the world new", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01156-00288544-00288782": "government coalition in", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01157-00288783-00288991": "in germany is also thinking about", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01158-00288992-00289215": "regulating cannabis will they remain", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01159-00289216-00289415": "within the limits of the framework", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01160-00289416-00289615": "decision what is", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01161-00289616-00289767": "what is happening in the netherlands", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01162-00289768-00289871": "right now", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01163-00289872-00290230": "the the experiment with 10", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01164-00290231-00290567": "municipalities that can now", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01165-00290568-00290815": "well i wouldn't say really legally but", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01166-00290816-00290982": "can", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01167-00290983-00291247": "in a regulated way supply coffee shops", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01168-00291248-00291430": "and there's currently also a law", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01169-00291431-00291599": "proposal in the senate going to the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01170-00291600-00291775": "senate which would extend that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01171-00291776-00291934": "possibility to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01172-00291935-00292127": "uh all municipalities in the netherlands", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01173-00292128-00292543": "but that that would also", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01174-00292544-00292710": "create tensions with the framework", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01175-00292711-00292903": "decision so yeah i think you can see the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01176-00292904-00293167": "problems coming and with the already a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01177-00293168-00293463": "little bit toxic atmosphere in", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01178-00293464-00293654": "in the european union i think it would", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01179-00293655-00293879": "be wise that we start", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01180-00293880-00294095": "discussing uh what we what would be the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01181-00294096-00294358": "best ways to to to deal with that before", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01182-00294359-00294479": "we start", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01183-00294480-00294751": "going into infringement procedures by by", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01184-00294752-00294934": "member state or even by the commission", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01185-00294935-00295095": "maybe uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01186-00295096-00295247": "and try to avoid that and have a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01187-00295248-00295454": "rational and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01188-00295455-00295695": "evidence-based discussion on how", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01189-00295696-00295823": "yeah what", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01190-00295824-00296103": "could be needed and how uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01191-00296104-00296295": "the framework decision should be be", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01192-00296296-00296558": "adapted to that uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01193-00296559-00296751": "if you look at the united states we have", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01194-00296752-00297047": "now 15 or 16 i'm losing track states", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01195-00297048-00297182": "within", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01196-00297183-00297423": "the federation", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01197-00297424-00297606": "that have", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01198-00297607-00297815": "legally regulated cannabis and other", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01199-00297816-00297982": "states have not and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01200-00297983-00298239": "apparently that isn't causing many", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01201-00298240-00298423": "problems there might be some smaller", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01202-00298424-00298710": "problems but the country continues to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01203-00298711-00298806": "exist", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01204-00298807-00298991": "and and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01205-00298992-00299175": "and even within these states you have an", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01206-00299176-00299358": "opt-out for", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01207-00299359-00299591": "municipalities or or counties as they", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01208-00299592-00299847": "call in in the united states to not", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01209-00299848-00299975": "uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01210-00299976-00300215": "allow regulation of cannabis so you can", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01211-00300216-00300423": "see and that is something we also", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01212-00300424-00300663": "researched in in europe you can see that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01213-00300664-00300775": "there is", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01214-00300776-00300951": "more and more", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01215-00300952-00301158": "a tendency to go to a local", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01216-00301159-00301558": "customization of cannabis uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01217-00301559-00301727": "regulations where", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01218-00301728-00302151": "yeah which where", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01219-00302152-00302415": "there can be differences you can also uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01220-00302416-00302654": "drill they're all of course are already", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01221-00302655-00302934": "many differences in in uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01222-00302935-00303119": "european drug policy we have the coffee", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01223-00303120-00303351": "shops in the netherlands while there's", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01224-00303352-00303567": "more or less a zero tolerance policy in", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01225-00303568-00303663": "sweden", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01226-00303664-00303927": "uh of in france cannabis social clubs in", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01227-00303928-00304247": "spain so there's all a wide diversity", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01228-00304248-00304391": "and even in the netherlands itself", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01229-00304392-00304534": "there's", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01230-00304535-00304782": "only one", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01231-00304783-00304991": "third of the municipalities actually do", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01232-00304992-00305167": "allow coffee shops and some coffee shops", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01233-00305168-00305406": "have extra rules or some municipalities", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01234-00305407-00305558": "have extra rules for copyright so you", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01235-00305559-00305719": "see already see there's a lot of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01236-00305720-00306015": "diversion customization towards", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01237-00306016-00306247": "what is what fits best the local", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01238-00306248-00306463": "circumstances or national circumstances", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01239-00306464-00306671": "and i think that is a model that we the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01240-00306672-00306943": "way we should go to in europe as well", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01241-00306944-00307223": "it's okay if sweden or france doesn't", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01242-00307224-00307415": "want to to regulate canada it's fine", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01243-00307416-00307710": "that's their decision their", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01244-00307711-00307927": "democratic right but they should not", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01245-00307928-00308095": "impede other countries", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01246-00308096-00308334": "to do so and i think we should find some", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01247-00308335-00308503": "kind of agreement there", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01248-00308504-00308695": "and better start that debate now before", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01249-00308696-00308934": "it gets out of hand and and all kinds of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01250-00308935-00309239": "nasty uh uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01251-00309240-00309319": "uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01252-00309320-00309671": "measures at the european level", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01253-00309672-00309863": "so quite a challenge in international", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01254-00309864-00310175": "relations then and particularly with the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01255-00310176-00310447": "treaties so well established", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01256-00310448-00310767": "the last one in 1988 and there doesn't", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01257-00310768-00310910": "seem to be much", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01258-00310911-00311167": "international enthusiasm", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01259-00311168-00311334": "um for", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01260-00311335-00311479": "a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01261-00311480-00311839": "a uniform change in any direction", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01262-00311840-00312103": "uh i you know you you spoke earlier", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01263-00312104-00312399": "about the reclassification of cannabis", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01264-00312400-00312671": "which eventually happened last year", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01265-00312672-00312903": "and i think even there where we", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01266-00312904-00313287": "understand that the who put forward", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01267-00313288-00313479": "six proposals", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01268-00313480-00313775": "to adjust the classification", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01269-00313776-00314047": "of cannabis and its related substances", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01270-00314048-00314199": "as an illicit drug", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01271-00314200-00314487": "and they only just managed to get one", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01272-00314488-00314847": "proposal approved only just according to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01273-00314848-00315023": "the number of votes from the 55", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01274-00315024-00315327": "countries voting so we saw even there", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01275-00315328-00315599": "when even the most basic change was", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01276-00315600-00315934": "proposed it got very heated very", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01277-00315935-00316230": "emotional a lot of countries really", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01278-00316231-00316447": "really really questioning the evidence", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01279-00316448-00316727": "behind the change and ultimately", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01280-00316728-00316919": "preferring not to take the risk and not", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01281-00316920-00317095": "to make the change and we could", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01282-00317096-00317310": "certainly see that being reflected in", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01283-00317311-00317519": "any broader change", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01284-00317520-00317654": "um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01285-00317655-00317895": "karen if i turn to you i mean we've", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01286-00317896-00318127": "discussed a little bit here", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01287-00318128-00318495": "about legalization of cannabis but many", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01288-00318496-00318754": "countries are a long long way from", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01289-00318755-00319030": "legalization and many haven't even", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01290-00319031-00319287": "considered decriminalization", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01291-00319288-00319582": "if there are countries considering", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01292-00319583-00319782": "just moving very slightly to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01293-00319783-00320071": "decriminalize to reduce the the size or", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01294-00320072-00320223": "the significance of the penalty but", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01295-00320224-00320415": "still to keep it", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01296-00320416-00320623": "what would your experience show from", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01297-00320624-00320915": "malta because malta made a change in", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01298-00320916-00321247": "2015 before its current proposal and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01299-00321248-00321391": "that was from", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01300-00321392-00321743": "a very strict drug law", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01301-00321744-00321967": "and it must have taken quite some change", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01302-00321968-00322047": "to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01303-00322048-00322334": "convince whether the people or the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01304-00322335-00322534": "government just to make that step", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01305-00322535-00322719": "towards decriminalization which other", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01306-00322720-00322967": "countries still haven't managed to do", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01307-00322968-00323206": "what do you see as challenges there", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01308-00323207-00323591": "yes well in reality in 2015 the country", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01309-00323592-00323934": "moved to the penalized system", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01310-00323935-00324087": "although it was", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01311-00324088-00324351": "promoted as a decriminalized", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01312-00324352-00324647": "when you look at the details of how", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01313-00324648-00324854": "certain substances", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01314-00324855-00325103": "small amounts of certain substances were", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01315-00325104-00325223": "being", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01316-00325224-00325471": "treated you see it's at the penalized", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01317-00325472-00325623": "system therefore", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01318-00325624-00325839": "um although a person for example when it", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01319-00325840-00326151": "comes to cannabis found with amounts not", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01320-00326152-00326582": "more than 3.5 grams and the police still", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01321-00326583-00326863": "arrest the person take the person for", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01322-00326864-00327006": "interrogation", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01323-00327007-00327182": "and if they have a suspect of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01324-00327183-00327558": "trafficking the person is still arrested", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01325-00327559-00327910": "and kept in in look up until further", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01326-00327911-00328063": "investigations", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01327-00328064-00328263": "so i think the challenges", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01328-00328264-00328478": "now is to move", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01329-00328479-00328695": "even a bit further away from the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01330-00328696-00328991": "criminal and the prohibitionist um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01331-00328992-00329175": "approach which which", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01332-00329176-00329423": "unfortunately not only malta but", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01333-00329424-00329710": "everywhere around the world created", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01334-00329711-00329991": "the so-called unintended consequences of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01335-00329992-00330287": "the war on drugs which is a higher level", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01336-00330288-00330519": "of people incarcerated for a non-violent", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01337-00330520-00330847": "crime and an increase in", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01338-00330848-00331039": "criminal and mafia", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01339-00331040-00331375": "dealings related to substances so i", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01340-00331376-00331630": "think now the challenges will also be", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01341-00331631-00331847": "linked to defects", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01342-00331848-00332063": "of finding the right balance between", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01343-00332064-00332399": "preserving personal rights and freedoms", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01344-00332400-00332630": "and public health", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01345-00332631-00332887": "and and also in a way trying to better", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01346-00332888-00333119": "understand who is the user", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01347-00333120-00333319": "and who is the trafficker because", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01348-00333320-00333543": "unfortunately as laws", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01349-00333544-00333871": "have been interpreted and and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01350-00333872-00333967": "used", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01351-00333968-00334215": "a person um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01352-00334216-00334478": "found with with a substantial amount of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01353-00334479-00334743": "cannabis or plants is considered", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01354-00334744-00334943": "immediately a trafficker", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01355-00334944-00335191": "and there were also cases where", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01356-00335192-00335463": "the act of sharing simply the act of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01357-00335464-00335727": "sharing was considered as trafficking", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01358-00335728-00336006": "and people ended up in prison", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01359-00336007-00336230": "as traffickers so i think one of the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01360-00336231-00336527": "challenges for countries", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01361-00336528-00336751": "moving towards the criminalized system", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01362-00336752-00336863": "is always", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01363-00336864-00337134": "is also to try and understand", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01364-00337135-00337343": "who is the criminal", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01365-00337344-00337527": "and therefore the high-level trafficker", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01366-00337528-00337815": "involved also maybe in other criminal", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01367-00337816-00338071": "operations and who is the user and the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01368-00338072-00338175": "grower", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01369-00338176-00338375": "and and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01370-00338376-00338527": "that also balance", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01371-00338528-00338743": "needs to be balanced out", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01372-00338744-00338934": "in the sense that it needs also to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01373-00338935-00339054": "reflect", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01374-00339055-00339143": "um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01375-00339144-00339303": "different realities in different", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01376-00339304-00339423": "countries", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01377-00339424-00339551": "i am sure", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01378-00339552-00339799": "that the reality of cannabis use in the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01379-00339800-00339975": "netherlands i'm not talking here about", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01380-00339976-00340223": "prevalence but about", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01381-00340224-00340510": "the way cannabis is used and perceived", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01382-00340511-00340671": "in the netherlands is completely", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01383-00340672-00340767": "different", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01384-00340768-00341015": "from how it is perceived and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01385-00341016-00341143": "um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01386-00341144-00341430": "understood in malta i think another", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01387-00341431-00341630": "challenge is", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01388-00341631-00341991": "linked to diff to the to education", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01389-00341992-00342230": "for a long time we have always heard", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01390-00342231-00342439": "that cannabis is bad", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01391-00342440-00342695": "no cannabis should be used", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01392-00342696-00342878": "and no other information was made", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01393-00342879-00343006": "available", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01394-00343007-00343158": "and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01395-00343159-00343423": "and now we're seeing that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01396-00343424-00343703": "not only in malta but a lot of countries", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01397-00343704-00344143": "are regulating or diminishing the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01398-00344144-00344319": "the negative effects and a lot of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01399-00344320-00344510": "criticism is", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01400-00344511-00344782": "um is being leveled out in the sense", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01401-00344783-00345039": "that how are we going to explain to our", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01402-00345040-00345334": "children that what was wrong", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01403-00345335-00345639": "two years ago all of a sudden is less", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01404-00345640-00345863": "wrong and i think that is", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01405-00345864-00346103": "one of the main challenges that we are", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01406-00346104-00346343": "forgetting that most of the changes are", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01407-00346344-00346519": "being brought forward", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01408-00346520-00346734": "to push", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01409-00346735-00346975": "persons who are non-violent and not", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01410-00346976-00347247": "present a problem to society away", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01411-00347248-00347351": "from", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01412-00347352-00347558": "potentially becoming criminals because", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01413-00347559-00347815": "they are being criminalized for their", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01414-00347816-00348199": "use consumption sharing or cultivation", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01415-00348200-00348375": "and i think um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01416-00348376-00348639": "even when i i was observing local", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01417-00348640-00348878": "discussions especially how certain", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01418-00348879-00349071": "experts were", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01419-00349072-00349358": "analyzing the proposed white paper and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01420-00349359-00349575": "now the proposed bill", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01421-00349576-00349887": "is the fact that there continues to be", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01422-00349888-00350271": "a missing link in our understanding um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01423-00350272-00350663": "about cannabis education and why changes", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01424-00350664-00350943": "are being um pushed forward although", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01425-00350944-00351134": "there are a lot of talking about a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01426-00351135-00351239": "liberal", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01427-00351240-00351463": "liberalized market", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01428-00351464-00351743": "i think it's important to also highlight", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01429-00351744-00351823": "that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01430-00351824-00352134": "essentially changes are coming about", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01431-00352135-00352295": "because of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01432-00352296-00352558": "the negative effects created by policy", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01433-00352559-00352743": "in the first place", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01434-00352744-00352951": "and and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01435-00352952-00353151": "and i go back to education and harm", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01436-00353152-00353415": "reduction which is completely inexistent", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01437-00353416-00353719": "when it comes to cannabis it's only", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01438-00353720-00354039": "applied for um heroin and cocaine and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01439-00354040-00354358": "travis used intravenously and i think", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01440-00354359-00354630": "most countries that are now moving", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01441-00354631-00354863": "towards a less criminal approach should", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01442-00354864-00355063": "also look at education", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01443-00355064-00355278": "and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01444-00355279-00355527": "provide young people but also adults who", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01445-00355528-00355799": "maybe might be using a particular", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01446-00355800-00356078": "substance not in a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01447-00356079-00356254": "positive way or", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01448-00356255-00356567": "in a less harmful way and and that try", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01449-00356568-00356799": "to reach out to these people and speak", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01450-00356800-00356975": "with them in an open", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01451-00356976-00357310": "and without the the risk of being", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01452-00357311-00357639": "labeled as criminals or being labeled as", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01453-00357640-00357958": "by society as being", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01454-00357959-00358199": "i i don't like to use these words but a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01455-00358200-00358375": "pothead or or", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01456-00358376-00358623": "a stoner and these are the things that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01457-00358624-00358830": "within the community are accepted but", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01458-00358831-00358999": "when they're used from outside the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01459-00359000-00359143": "community", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01460-00359144-00359327": "the only aim is to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01461-00359328-00359503": "to dehumanize the person and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01462-00359504-00359751": "unfortunately um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01463-00359752-00359934": "silence the person up", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01464-00359935-00360295": "i think two other challenges which will", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01465-00360296-00360543": "probably um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01466-00360544-00360671": "be faced", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01467-00360672-00360863": "by by countries is", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01468-00360864-00361110": "how the authorities will", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01469-00361111-00361282": "adapt to the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01470-00361283-00361615": "new legislative approach and how they", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01471-00361616-00361719": "will", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01472-00361720-00361927": "deal with with this new these new", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01473-00361928-00362039": "changes", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01474-00362040-00362239": "and and also", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01475-00362240-00362527": "the potential of a commercial takeover", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01476-00362528-00362895": "as we have seen in medicinal cannabis", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01477-00362896-00363199": "there has been a great lobby by the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01478-00363200-00363471": "pharmaceutical industry who practically", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01479-00363472-00363751": "also influenced a lot how the law would", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01480-00363752-00364110": "be drafted and at the end patients", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01481-00364111-00364319": "i'm talking here from from malta from", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01482-00364320-00364582": "maltese perspective ended up", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01483-00364583-00364815": "not being given enough space and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01484-00364816-00364958": "recognition", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01485-00364959-00365143": "um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01486-00365144-00365382": "for their why they need and how they", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01487-00365383-00365663": "should access medicine cannabis and i i", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01488-00365664-00365847": "fear that if there is a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01489-00365848-00366071": "corporate takeover also", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01490-00366072-00366278": "on this side of from the recognized", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01491-00366279-00366534": "recreational side of cannabis we could", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01492-00366535-00366758": "end up with a sec with another alcohol", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01493-00366759-00367023": "and tobacco industry", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01494-00367024-00367191": "creating much more even bigger", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01495-00367192-00367510": "challenges than than the actual cannabis", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01496-00367511-00367815": "or or a decriminalized system person so", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01497-00367816-00368063": "i think these overarching", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01498-00368064-00368282": "issues should be taken into", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01499-00368283-00368519": "consideration um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01500-00368520-00368647": "especially but", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01501-00368648-00368958": "most importantly the fact that this is", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01502-00368959-00369223": "most decriminalized systems", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01503-00369224-00369534": "try to keep the person especially heavy", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01504-00369535-00369887": "users away from the criminal", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01505-00369888-00370191": "component and if we need it they can be", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01506-00370192-00370543": "diverted to health services or others", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01507-00370544-00370727": "services but", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01508-00370728-00370991": "importantly to keep away the person from", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01509-00370992-00371143": "the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01510-00371144-00371447": "horrible process of going through courts", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01511-00371448-00371727": "and the delays and the potential being", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01512-00371728-00372095": "uh potentially being them end up um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01513-00372096-00372215": "imprisoned", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01514-00372216-00372543": "one small statistics maybe they may add", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01515-00372544-00372758": "um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01516-00372759-00372895": "if i can", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01517-00372896-00373182": "give a number for example this year", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01518-00373183-00373551": "um in malta between january and july a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01519-00373552-00373919": "total of 209 cannabis seeds were", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01520-00373920-00374239": "confiscated by the police so the persons", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01521-00374240-00374367": "being", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01522-00374368-00374671": "found with seeds will be prosecuted", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01523-00374672-00374887": "in front of the court", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01524-00374888-00374976": "and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01525-00374977-00375095": "[Music]", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01526-00375096-00375447": "and the cannabis plants", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01527-00375448-00375719": "there were confiscated 39 plants", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01528-00375720-00375967": "however interestingly enough only five", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01529-00375968-00376127": "cannabis joints", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01530-00376128-00376351": "were retrieved by the police and this is", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01531-00376352-00376534": "interesting because obviously we're in a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01532-00376535-00376695": "lockdown so no", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01533-00376696-00376991": "no events were taking place so obviously", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01534-00376992-00377247": "it's much more difficult to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01535-00377248-00377415": "to find people", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01536-00377416-00377710": "consuming cannabis in public however the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01537-00377711-00377982": "the the amount of plants confiscated and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01538-00377983-00378087": "seeds", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01539-00378088-00378175": "in", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01540-00378176-00378423": "my opinion are are", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01541-00378424-00378815": "indicative of still a criminalized and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01542-00378816-00379127": "prohibitory perspective apart from the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01543-00379128-00379230": "law", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01544-00379231-00379415": "okay great", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01545-00379416-00379687": "so i um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01546-00379688-00379951": "i hear there particularly the the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01547-00379952-00380102": "challenge of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01548-00380103-00380239": "for those countries that wish to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01549-00380240-00380454": "continue some form of prohibition they", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01550-00380455-00380615": "recognize that there should be a very", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01551-00380616-00380847": "different response to users and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01552-00380848-00381127": "traffickers and certainly in my work the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01553-00381128-00381415": "question of quantity thresholds is an", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01554-00381416-00381630": "absolute perennial debate", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01555-00381631-00381895": "um but also this idea that giving a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01556-00381896-00382167": "message to society that now our values", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01557-00382168-00382375": "are changing what what used to be", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01558-00382376-00382695": "prohibited is now maybe less prohibited", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01559-00382696-00382951": "or perhaps even allowed and certainly", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01560-00382952-00383182": "that's one of the questions that many", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01561-00383183-00383447": "states have had over the years how can", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01562-00383448-00383654": "we say that we're reducing the penalty", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01563-00383655-00383895": "and yet we don't want to say that we're", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01564-00383896-00384167": "fully condoning the behavior and there's", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01565-00384168-00384502": "a lot of difficulties with that i have", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01566-00384503-00384727": "to move on now to question three because", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01567-00384728-00385119": "i'm aware that we're running late um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01568-00385120-00385278": "so", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01569-00385279-00385478": "we've talked about the past the present", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01570-00385479-00385727": "now we'll talk about the future and just", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01571-00385728-00385999": "really quickly please from all of you so", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01572-00386000-00386206": "that we can manage to get in a few", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01573-00386207-00386502": "questions um from our audience but just", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01574-00386503-00386791": "generally um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01575-00386792-00386958": "tom what do you see as the possible", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01576-00386959-00387151": "future scenarios and and the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01577-00387152-00387351": "implications for policy practice and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01578-00387352-00387895": "research", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01579-00387896-00388206": "yeah uh i already um started to answer", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01580-00388207-00388343": "that question", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01581-00388344-00388447": "um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01582-00388448-00388782": "in the previous uh question i see a a i", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01583-00388783-00388967": "hope to see a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01584-00388968-00389334": "scenario of um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01585-00389335-00389591": "of uh increasing uh regulation with a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01586-00389592-00389871": "harm reduction approach i should have uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01587-00389872-00390047": "do it", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01588-00390048-00390319": "i think we have this discussed i mean uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01589-00390320-00390682": "it's obvious that uh psychoactive", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01590-00390683-00390863": "substances", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01591-00390864-00391119": "have potential risks and harms and we", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01592-00391120-00391254": "should be aware of that especially", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01593-00391255-00391358": "towards", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01594-00391359-00391599": "younger people but yes i would i would", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01595-00391600-00391830": "say that we have reached the point of no", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01596-00391831-00392054": "return", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01597-00392055-00392278": "and that more and more countries", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01598-00392279-00392463": "will start to regulate", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01599-00392464-00392702": "uh cannabis and hopefully with the harm", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01600-00392703-00392943": "reduction approach the interesting point", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01601-00392944-00393143": "karen was making about the corporate", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01602-00393144-00393310": "capture of the industry i think that is", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01603-00393311-00393487": "some thing that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01604-00393488-00393663": "should be avoided and that's also part", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01605-00393664-00393863": "of a harm reduction approach", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01606-00393864-00394175": "uh we have to learn from from", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01607-00394176-00394543": "tobacco and alcohol in that sense", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01608-00394544-00394854": "so yeah i would also be in favor of yeah", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01609-00394855-00395119": "not to have a huge", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01610-00395120-00395327": "cannabis companies and if they reach a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01611-00395328-00395527": "certain level they should be split up", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01612-00395528-00395799": "and there should be space for small", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01613-00395800-00396030": "producers there should be no advertising", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01614-00396031-00396206": "and blah blah blah you know", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01615-00396207-00396319": "that kind of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01616-00396320-00396439": "of rules", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01617-00396440-00396567": "um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01618-00396568-00396871": "and like i said yeah", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01619-00396872-00397119": "europe is a very diverse place", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01620-00397120-00397343": "uh we should recognize that and we", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01621-00397344-00397423": "should", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01622-00397424-00397663": "also look at yeah and europe has all", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01623-00397664-00397919": "kinds of mechanisms in place to respect", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01624-00397920-00398167": "that in fact so there's this the rules", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01625-00398168-00398439": "of subsidiarity proportionality and i", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01626-00398440-00398687": "think that also should apply to to to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01627-00398688-00398830": "cannabis", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01628-00398831-00398967": "and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01629-00398968-00399110": "there should be", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01630-00399111-00399375": "some countries will regulate others", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01631-00399376-00399463": "won't", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01632-00399464-00399551": "uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01633-00399552-00399839": "and i think we have to find a a common", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01634-00399840-00400102": "common scenario there there", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01635-00400103-00400334": "and have a rational discussion how we", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01636-00400335-00400599": "can best solve that that issue amongst", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01637-00400600-00400871": "each other and and not start all kinds", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01638-00400872-00401199": "of cultural wars around uh uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01639-00401200-00401478": "cannabis uh or uh and or start", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01640-00401479-00401710": "infringement procedures with that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01641-00401711-00401882": "country's uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01642-00401883-00402047": "uh are", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01643-00402048-00402247": "not", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01644-00402248-00402543": "obeying european law um and and to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01645-00402544-00402734": "prevent that i i really think that in", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01646-00402735-00403075": "the european parliament but also in", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01647-00403076-00403278": "in the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01648-00403279-00403439": "council of ministers there should be a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01649-00403440-00403719": "debate in the horizontal group for how", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01650-00403720-00403839": "can we best", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01651-00403840-00404287": "uh manage this process so that yeah", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01652-00404288-00404567": "there is the why diversity of europe is", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01653-00404568-00404839": "respected", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01654-00404840-00404934": "thank you", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01655-00404935-00405078": "great points", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01656-00405079-00405510": "karen um where do you see the future", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01657-00405511-00405623": "well", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01658-00405624-00405799": "montas currently is going through a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01659-00405800-00405958": "transition so", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01660-00405959-00406247": "i hope i really hope that to see", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01661-00406248-00406510": "a more coordinated future in the sense", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01662-00406511-00406815": "that as members of the european union we", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01663-00406816-00407134": "share beliefs we share principles", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01664-00407135-00407406": "however when it comes to cannabis", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01665-00407407-00407671": "even from a medicinal perspective um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01666-00407672-00407982": "citizens cannot access equally", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01667-00407983-00408247": "um medicine economies for example but", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01668-00408248-00408527": "also recreational cannabis so i hope", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01669-00408528-00408830": "that in the future there will be more", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01670-00408831-00409110": "considerations for for the rights also", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01671-00409111-00409343": "of people who use drugs in this case", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01672-00409344-00409519": "people who use cannabis and therefore", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01673-00409520-00409718": "balance between", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01674-00409719-00409959": "personal rights and freedoms and the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01675-00409960-00410230": "well-being of society especially from a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01676-00410231-00410455": "public health perspective", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01677-00410456-00410695": "and i also hope that there is", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01678-00410696-00411103": "better research in the sense that um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01679-00411104-00411318": "sometimes", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01680-00411319-00411559": "we tend to assume that cannabis is just", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01681-00411560-00411695": "one thing", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01682-00411696-00411887": "we tend to assume that people use", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01683-00411888-00412110": "cannabis only in", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01684-00412112-00412239": "one form", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01685-00412239-00412534": "when in reality", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01686-00412535-00412751": "it's very much different so i hope that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01687-00412752-00412982": "research is much more focused", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01688-00412983-00413326": "and giving giving us better", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01689-00413327-00413582": "better picture of why and how people use", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01690-00413583-00413782": "cannabis", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01691-00413783-00413870": "thank you", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01692-00413871-00414087": "that's great thank you and talking of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01693-00414088-00414430": "research sabrina that's your expertise", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01694-00414431-00414887": "yeah talking of results uh as i said uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01695-00414888-00415118": "in europe right now there is a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01696-00415119-00415463": "real scarcity of comparable data and for", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01697-00415464-00415663": "this reason little work has been", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01698-00415664-00416007": "performed and mainly focused on a single", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01699-00416008-00416343": "country perspective so uh what is", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01700-00416343-00416622": "necessary is uh because", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01701-00416623-00416855": "despite the scarcity of previous studies", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01702-00416856-00417070": "europe constitutes an interesting case", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01703-00417071-00417214": "for conducting", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01704-00417215-00417439": "this type of research particularly", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01705-00417439-00417695": "because the cannabis law reform faced", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01706-00417696-00418063": "over 20 years in many in many countries", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01707-00418064-00418374": "generated a significant variation in the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01708-00418375-00418710": "intensity and the trajectory of policy", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01709-00418712-00419118": "saying changes uh toward an increase on", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01710-00419119-00419422": "increase of penalties which offer an", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01711-00419423-00419863": "optimal ground for research", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01712-00419864-00420103": "data access to the implementation and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01713-00420104-00420343": "evaluation of policy on the ground are", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01714-00420343-00420607": "very limited the recent studies have", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01715-00420608-00420879": "highlighted the importance of paying", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01716-00420880-00421110": "attention to the variability of specific", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01717-00421112-00421318": "policy in a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01718-00421319-00421622": "provision when trying to evaluate their", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01719-00421623-00421879": "fact instead using a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01720-00421880-00422159": "simple categorization for example binary", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01721-00422160-00422279": "variable", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01722-00422280-00422407": "um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01723-00422408-00422679": "to classify legalization and not", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01724-00422680-00422999": "legalization and so the challenge in", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01725-00423000-00423295": "europe can easily offer an optimal", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01726-00423296-00423614": "setting for this kind of study and in", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01727-00423615-00423918": "order to be able to really use studies", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01728-00423919-00424183": "and research to build evidence-based", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01729-00424184-00424375": "policies is not", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01730-00424376-00424614": "necessary to keep", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01731-00424615-00424951": "the data repository active and reports", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01732-00424952-00425335": "the monitoring work carried out by mcda", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01733-00425335-00425631": "because this is the only home of all the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01734-00425632-00426039": "very real comparable data about", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01735-00426039-00426231": "cannabis uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01736-00426232-00426631": "all the cannabis indicators and we need", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01737-00426632-00426918": "to ensure the integration of different", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01738-00426919-00427135": "data sources in order to really", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01739-00427135-00427366": "understand what is going on", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01740-00427367-00427807": "and how policy can affect uh in order to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01741-00427808-00428366": "um to do use of cannabis", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01742-00428367-00428479": "thank you", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01743-00428480-00429014": "so much i'm going to stop sharing", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01744-00429015-00429159": "so", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01745-00429160-00429422": "there's a lot of points raised there", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01746-00429423-00429614": "definitely", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01747-00429615-00429822": "the need to move forwards to some", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01748-00429823-00430039": "regulation that works at least for", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01749-00430039-00430295": "individual countries and those countries", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01750-00430296-00430375": "will", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01751-00430376-00430663": "have to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01752-00430664-00430839": "work out how to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01753-00430839-00431031": "come to agreements with their neighbors", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01754-00431032-00431222": "or not to bother their neighbors", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01755-00431223-00431439": "certainly all neighbors are concerned", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01756-00431439-00431710": "about about cross-border leakage", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01757-00431712-00431918": "the idea of corporate capture we're", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01758-00431919-00432214": "aware that there are several canadian", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01759-00432215-00432335": "companies", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01760-00432335-00432583": "uh now listed on the new york stock", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01761-00432584-00432766": "exchange worth", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01762-00432767-00432999": "quite several billion dollars at the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01763-00433000-00433183": "moment and those numbers have gone up", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01764-00433184-00433383": "and down over the years but", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01765-00433384-00433551": "they're worth a lot of money they can", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01766-00433552-00433791": "afford to pay a lot of lobbyists uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01767-00433792-00434014": "there is the the risk very much of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01768-00434015-00434231": "corporate capture particularly coming", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01769-00434232-00434391": "from those wealthy north american", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01770-00434392-00434775": "countries", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01771-00434776-00435063": "the scarcity of data but also i'm aware", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01772-00435064-00435239": "from emcda", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01773-00435239-00435535": "the need for new data the monitoring and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01774-00435535-00435855": "illicit behavior is not the same as", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01775-00435856-00436143": "monitoring a legal behavior", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01776-00436143-00436287": "and that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01777-00436288-00436431": "some of the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01778-00436432-00436655": "data formats that we used would not be", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01779-00436656-00436759": "used", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01780-00436760-00436999": "to monitor the consumption of alcohol or", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01781-00437000-00437222": "the consumption of cigarettes because", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01782-00437223-00437407": "once something is", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01783-00437408-00437655": "legally available then behaviors can", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01784-00437656-00438031": "completely change", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01785-00438032-00438270": "but still also", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01786-00438271-00438527": "i wonder the idea for example you know", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01787-00438528-00438822": "can a country change its mind later it's", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01788-00438823-00439022": "there will we know that some of these", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01789-00439023-00439183": "are experiments that they're moving", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01790-00439184-00439366": "forward with experiments", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01791-00439367-00439479": "um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01792-00439480-00439710": "and uh there's a big caution", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01793-00439712-00440007": "so some have used the expression putting", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01794-00440008-00440255": "the genie back in the bottle which the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01795-00440256-00440414": "films i watched you could do with a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01796-00440415-00440655": "simple command whereas other people use", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01797-00440656-00440831": "the expression putting the toothpaste", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01798-00440832-00441014": "back in the tube and i haven't seen any", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01799-00441015-00441175": "films where people have managed to do", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01800-00441176-00441239": "that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01801-00441239-00441518": "so there's a lot of concern about if a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01802-00441519-00441814": "country does make a change and it", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01803-00441815-00442014": "eventually evaluates that change and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01804-00442015-00442214": "comes to the conclusion it didn't work", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01805-00442215-00442479": "is it possible to change back again and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01806-00442480-00442735": "there's a lot of hesitance there amongst", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01807-00442735-00443039": "policy makers", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01808-00443039-00443391": "as to how they might", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01809-00443392-00443727": "either move back or or change", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01810-00443728-00443959": "different aspects of their policy but", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01811-00443960-00444079": "certainly", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01812-00444080-00444247": "at least now", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01813-00444247-00444503": "partly through emcda and general the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01814-00444504-00444759": "scientific discussion of addictions and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01815-00444760-00444951": "addictions policy we're seeing more and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01816-00444952-00445079": "more countries", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01817-00445080-00445318": "trying to measure their policies trying", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01818-00445319-00445614": "to monitor their policies and understand", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01819-00445615-00445903": "if as was earlier mentioned if the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01820-00445904-00446175": "implementation of the policy actually", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01821-00446176-00446295": "matches", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01822-00446296-00446366": "the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01823-00446367-00446599": "the initial desires", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01824-00446600-00446759": "i'm going to say thank you very much to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01825-00446760-00447007": "my colleagues there for answering those", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01826-00447008-00447191": "questions that we set you and i'm now", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01827-00447192-00447270": "going to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01828-00447271-00447566": "try and open excuse me if i don't get", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01829-00447567-00447814": "this completely right open the questions", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01830-00447815-00447951": "in the chat", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01831-00447952-00448231": "um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01832-00448232-00448535": "and and have a look", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01833-00448535-00448687": "to see", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01834-00448688-00448863": "some of the different ideas that are", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01835-00448864-00448991": "coming up here", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01836-00448992-00449222": "um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01837-00449223-00449399": "certainly there's a there's a nice point", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01838-00449400-00449575": "there made about", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01839-00449576-00449807": "mental health services are mental health", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01840-00449808-00450014": "services prepared", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01841-00450015-00450383": "for any increase of use of cannabis", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01842-00450384-00450814": "for recreational purposes", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01843-00450815-00450991": "and that's something which is", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01844-00450992-00451270": "traditionally not been very well funded", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01845-00451271-00451647": "by public health systems", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01846-00451647-00451879": "another question is uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01847-00451880-00452095": "looking at the measurement of harms that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01848-00452096-00452407": "we talk about the harms from drug use", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01849-00452408-00452631": "but at the same time", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01850-00452632-00452879": "is there any acknowledgement of the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01851-00452880-00453118": "harms", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01852-00453119-00453207": "from", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01853-00453208-00453583": "enforcement against drug use", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01854-00453584-00453879": "and certainly these were questions uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01855-00453880-00454183": "raised more famously in north america", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01856-00454184-00454263": "where", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01857-00454264-00454439": "some of the more recent states who've", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01858-00454439-00454703": "been legalizing have stated that they're", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01859-00454704-00455022": "doing it specifically uh for reasons of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01860-00455023-00455718": "social justice", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01861-00455719-00455855": "and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01862-00455856-00456031": "the the other", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01863-00456032-00456279": "another one that i see here is the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01864-00456280-00456679": "different forms of regulation that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01865-00456680-00456959": "we can talk about regulation we can talk", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01866-00456960-00457151": "about legalization", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01867-00457152-00457335": "uh and i think this was touched on as", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01868-00457335-00457575": "well in in the recent discussions that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01869-00457576-00457847": "there are many things to be adjusted", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01870-00457847-00458110": "even at emcda when we look at national", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01871-00458112-00458222": "level", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01872-00458223-00458575": "um we know for example as as tom", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01873-00458576-00458822": "mentioned in the netherlands it's not", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01874-00458823-00459079": "all of the all of the municipalities in", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01875-00459080-00459287": "the met in the netherlands that have the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01876-00459288-00459543": "coffee shops there's only if i remember", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01877-00459543-00459743": "correctly it's something like a hundred", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01878-00459743-00460079": "out of 350 municipalities so when we're", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01879-00460080-00460335": "comparing the some municipalities which", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01880-00460335-00460614": "do have copy shops against", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01881-00460615-00460839": "national statistics", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01882-00460839-00461063": "on drug use is this the correct", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01883-00461064-00461343": "comparison to make uh and it was stated", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01884-00461343-00461679": "again that uh in the us states again", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01885-00461680-00461999": "each an individual state may have", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01886-00462000-00462255": "a law saying that it's possible but we", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01887-00462256-00462575": "know that several counties and cities", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01888-00462576-00462959": "within the states opt out", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01889-00462960-00463222": "to not allow cannabis", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01890-00463223-00463439": "consumption or cannabis sales in those", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01891-00463439-00463687": "areas so how are we going to understand", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01892-00463688-00463935": "with our different data sets", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01893-00463935-00464718": "what is really working what is not", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01894-00464719-00465055": "from the different points raised do my", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01895-00465056-00465327": "colleagues here have anything extra to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01896-00465328-00465935": "add", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01897-00465935-00466055": "if i may", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01898-00466056-00466279": "please", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01899-00466280-00466543": "oh yeah i want to also uh uh address the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01900-00466543-00466679": "issue of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01901-00466680-00466791": "uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01902-00466792-00467087": "what we see now uh it's all domestic", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01903-00467088-00467255": "regulations how the netherlands does", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01904-00467256-00467470": "this germany does that looks like that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01905-00467471-00467695": "and it's all domestic so as not to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01906-00467696-00467975": "bother neighboring countries and try to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01907-00467976-00468214": "prevent cross-border leakage the effect", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01908-00468215-00468359": "is that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01909-00468360-00468518": "while countries are regulating you see", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01910-00468519-00468679": "that particularly in the netherlands", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01911-00468680-00468999": "where the government is even", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01912-00469000-00469143": "obliging", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01913-00469143-00469359": "producers in the experiment to produce", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01914-00469360-00469607": "hashish which was never produced in", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01915-00469608-00469783": "in the netherlands was also always", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01916-00469784-00470103": "imported from morocco", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01917-00470104-00470359": "and you see now that basically that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01918-00470360-00470670": "market it will be closed down", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01919-00470671-00470822": "although it's an illicit market it's", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01920-00470823-00471110": "still 20 to 25 percent of that market", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01921-00471112-00471239": "and that will have devastating", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01922-00471239-00471479": "consequences for the traditional", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01923-00471480-00471663": "cannabis", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01924-00471664-00471966": "cultivators in morocco and lebanon so i", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01925-00471967-00472214": "would also if there is regulation and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01926-00472215-00472470": "that is also a reason why regulations", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01927-00472471-00472566": "should", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01928-00472567-00472870": "be not only domestic or national but in", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01929-00472871-00473207": "it should have a broader context", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01930-00473208-00473463": "these communities that have supplied the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01931-00473464-00473639": "market for decade and have suffered the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01932-00473639-00473910": "consequences are not left out", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01933-00473912-00474143": "and they should also benefit from the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01934-00474143-00474463": "emerging markets whether medical or", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01935-00474464-00474807": "recreational and uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01936-00474808-00474966": "and and they should have their fair", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01937-00474967-00475175": "share in those", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01938-00475176-00475407": "in those new markets", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01939-00475408-00475679": "um i fully agree with with tom", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01940-00475680-00475895": "especially if you look at", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01941-00475896-00476414": "how other commodities or or", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01942-00476415-00476863": "substances have been taken over by", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01943-00476864-00477063": "leading countries or leading companies", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01944-00477064-00477375": "and unfortunately the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01945-00477376-00477543": "the producers who have been", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01946-00477543-00477766": "traditionally cultivating and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01947-00477767-00478127": "manufacturing cannabis in this case um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01948-00478128-00478327": "will be left out this has already", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01949-00478328-00478718": "happened in the caribbean", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01950-00478719-00478975": "in jamaica i think other islands have", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01951-00478976-00479231": "experienced the similar", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01952-00479232-00479575": "structural violence in a way because", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01953-00479576-00479807": "people have been so negatively affected", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01954-00479808-00480118": "by policy now have been left out", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01955-00480119-00480407": "of policy that should be correcting the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01956-00480408-00480695": "wrongdoings of the past and um from a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01957-00480696-00481055": "mediterranean perspective i think to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01958-00481056-00481377": "risk having thousands of households", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01959-00481378-00481510": "[Music]", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01960-00481512-00481751": "not having their", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01961-00481752-00482047": "their their work continued because", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01962-00482047-00482191": "um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01963-00482192-00482399": "their market is closed in this case", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01964-00482400-00482503": "europe", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01965-00482504-00482822": "will will also create other problems", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01966-00482823-00483047": "related to social and internal", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01967-00483047-00483279": "displacement of people who will have to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01968-00483280-00483687": "leave to find um other means of survival", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01969-00483688-00483870": "and i think these considerations should", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01970-00483871-00484118": "also be taken taken on board when we", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01971-00484119-00484327": "discuss cannabis from a regional", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01972-00484328-00484783": "perspective", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01973-00484784-00485039": "great thank you i've got uh another", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01974-00485039-00485287": "point raised in the questions here which", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01975-00485288-00485455": "is that um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01976-00485456-00485718": "there are claims that the legalization", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01977-00485719-00485839": "is is", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01978-00485839-00486151": "a means to curb the black market", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01979-00486152-00486383": "and yet certainly we've seen from", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01980-00486384-00486614": "different u.s states and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01981-00486615-00486727": "canada", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01982-00486728-00486951": "i think also uruguay whose system has", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01983-00486952-00487191": "been running now for five or six years", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01984-00487192-00487535": "that there is no magical disappearance", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01985-00487535-00487839": "of the black market um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01986-00487839-00488183": "is it correct that we then have a system", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01987-00488184-00488510": "of legal supply and illegal supply uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01988-00488512-00488855": "running in parallel or", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01989-00488856-00489151": "should we forget this idea of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01990-00489152-00489439": "reducing or removing the black market", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01991-00489439-00489687": "what do you think", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01992-00489688-00489935": "um i think", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01993-00489935-00490175": "it will be very difficult to completely", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01994-00490176-00490287": "eliminate", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01995-00490288-00490566": "the black market because um there is", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01996-00490567-00490766": "always a parallel economy in the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01997-00490767-00491183": "parallel market for most commodities in", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01998-00491184-00491287": "life", "E_YLPhZRqPI-01999-00491288-00491599": "however if when when countries regulate", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02000-00491600-00491975": "they they reduce um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02001-00491976-00492095": "they reduce", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02002-00492096-00492295": "the market for for these particular", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02003-00492296-00492566": "groups but also the potential of risks", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02004-00492567-00492703": "for users", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02005-00492704-00492935": "and i think um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02006-00492935-00493159": "apart from looking at the bigger picture", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02007-00493160-00493391": "how to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02008-00493392-00493559": "attack these these criminal", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02009-00493560-00493791": "organizations it's also important to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02010-00493792-00493975": "look at the end", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02011-00493976-00494214": "results of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02012-00494215-00494559": "why we should um try to disrupt criminal", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02013-00494560-00494839": "organizations but also what could be the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02014-00494839-00495055": "consequence um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02015-00495056-00495247": "when they", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02016-00495247-00495383": "provide", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02017-00495384-00495679": "a substance or or a particular", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02018-00495680-00496127": "growth in this case cannabis", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02019-00496128-00496351": "yeah maybe also to add to that it's also", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02020-00496352-00496639": "how you design the transition from", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02021-00496639-00496951": "the illicit market towards the illicit", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02022-00496952-00497143": "market and with the benefit of hindsight", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02023-00497143-00497375": "you could maybe say that in canada", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02024-00497376-00497487": "uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02025-00497488-00497847": "not not enough effort has been made to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02026-00497847-00498127": "include the the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02027-00498128-00498327": "already existing", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02028-00498328-00498510": "growers for the illicit market if that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02029-00498512-00498718": "had been done better", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02030-00498719-00498831": "instead of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02031-00498832-00498918": "uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02032-00498919-00499127": "all these new corporations that started", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02033-00499128-00499414": "maybe the that transition had", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02034-00499415-00499647": "would have been faster than it now is it", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02035-00499647-00499862": "still it raised this transition it's", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02036-00499863-00500143": "slowly the legal market is taking over", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02037-00500143-00500375": "the uh illicit market but yeah it's also", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02038-00500376-00500510": "how you design", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02039-00500512-00500727": "that transition period and and europe", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02040-00500728-00500895": "should learn from that there are a lot", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02041-00500896-00501022": "of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02042-00501023-00501262": "influence is one of the the companies", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02043-00501263-00501447": "who is now allowed into the experiment", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02044-00501447-00501622": "used to be an illicit grower i think", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02045-00501623-00501910": "that is a good example for example", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02046-00501912-00502127": "and of course there are some some some", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02047-00502128-00502375": "conditions that should not be involved", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02048-00502376-00502487": "in violent", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02049-00502488-00502751": "crime and whatever but most uh cannabis", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02050-00502752-00503079": "cultivators are not so yeah", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02051-00503080-00503327": "i think an important lesson", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02052-00503328-00503622": "that's why i said it's important to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02053-00503623-00503862": "understand who is a trafficker", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02054-00503863-00504151": "and who is a criminal and who is a user", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02055-00504152-00504375": "who is a grower and his", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02056-00504376-00504703": "because as the law stands right now", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02057-00504704-00504895": "every consumer", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02058-00504896-00505239": "if above 3.5 grams of malta for example", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02059-00505239-00505447": "is a criminal", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02060-00505447-00505543": "so", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02061-00505543-00505831": "if the transition and the law is not", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02062-00505832-00506118": "does not reflect this reality there is a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02063-00506119-00506447": "risk that yes it will not really", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02064-00506447-00506879": "be well well designed", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02065-00506880-00507039": "okay um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02066-00507039-00507270": "thank you colleagues i'm gonna have to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02067-00507271-00507551": "draw this to a close now because uh i", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02068-00507552-00507807": "think we're we're running out of time", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02069-00507808-00507903": "um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02070-00507904-00508143": "we're all i think very well aware that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02071-00508143-00508359": "we could talk for hours if not days on", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02072-00508360-00508551": "this topic because", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02073-00508552-00508895": "many experts have for many years", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02074-00508896-00509095": "and we certainly wouldn't come to a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02075-00509096-00509343": "universal solution but this is the point", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02076-00509343-00509670": "of emcda at least to discuss to come to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02077-00509671-00509975": "common understandings and also probably", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02078-00509976-00510199": "to recognize that different people", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02079-00510200-00510359": "different countries have different", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02080-00510360-00510566": "values and they will judge them", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02081-00510567-00510791": "accordingly and reach their own", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02082-00510792-00510999": "solutions accordingly", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02083-00511000-00511335": "as we do in europe already if i remember", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02084-00511335-00512343": "correctly the motto", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02085-00512343-00512822": "brendan we cannot hear you", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02086-00512823-00513031": "there is some issues with the with", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02087-00513032-00513207": "brandon connection", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02088-00513208-00513647": "right on the end", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02089-00513647-00513870": "so while we wait for brandon being able", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02090-00513871-00514087": "to connect again i inform you that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02091-00514088-00514383": "unfortunately the director hasn't", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02092-00514384-00514887": "make in time for concluding this webinar", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02093-00514888-00515159": "in a few minutes i will launch a poll to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02094-00515160-00515527": "ask the opinion of our audience", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02095-00515528-00515775": "and in the meanwhile i can already say", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02096-00515776-00516014": "as what brendan was saying we were not", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02097-00516015-00516303": "able to answer all the questions we had", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02098-00516304-00516566": "in the questions and answers", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02099-00516567-00516751": "what we do in general is that we collect", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02100-00516752-00517014": "the question and then we let them have", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02101-00517015-00517175": "to our", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02102-00517176-00517310": "including", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02103-00517312-00517703": "ah alexis is here", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02104-00517704-00518022": "alexis is here i'm trying to make him", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02105-00518023-00518175": "a panelist", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02106-00518176-00518535": "so that he can give some", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02107-00518535-00518831": "here it is", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02108-00518832-00519175": "and here he can speak to us now", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02109-00519176-00519431": "can you hear me yes we can", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02110-00519432-00519662": "yes don't know if you can't see me but", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02111-00519663-00519903": "uh at least you can hear me we see a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02112-00519904-00520087": "nice picture anyway", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02113-00520088-00520351": "ah wait a minute uh go ahead", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02114-00520352-00520607": "yes one second", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02115-00520608-00520951": "i'll try to find the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02116-00520952-00521103": "how to connect", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02117-00521104-00521462": "in fact i am in the paris airport", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02118-00521463-00522375": "so it's a bit", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02119-00522376-00522839": "now we cannot hear you any longer", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02120-00522839-00523318": "alexis", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02121-00523319-00523495": "so what we do with the questions that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02122-00523496-00523743": "remain unanswered is that we let them", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02123-00523743-00524127": "have to the speakers so that you can", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02124-00524128-00524375": "through emails go on with this", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02125-00524376-00524703": "discussion we will have more webinars on", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02126-00524704-00525039": "on cannabis uh surely one", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02127-00525040-00525359": "about the low thc products that we can", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02128-00525360-00525679": "find already in the market and the next", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02129-00525680-00525759": "one", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02130-00525760-00525927": "on the medical", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02131-00525928-00526118": "cannabis", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02132-00526119-00526439": "i hope alexis is connecting towards you", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02133-00526440-00526814": "yes now we can hear you so sorry um but", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02134-00526815-00527062": "i was saying i'm just in paris airport", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02135-00527063-00527151": "so", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02136-00527152-00527318": "apparently my connection is not", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02137-00527319-00527487": "fantastic", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02138-00527488-00527735": "but still i managed to to follow most of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02139-00527736-00527943": "the webinar", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02140-00527944-00528191": "and as i said i want to thank and to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02141-00528192-00528431": "congratulate all the speakers", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02142-00528432-00528727": "sabrina karen and tom i want to thank", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02143-00528728-00528935": "and congratulate also brendan marika and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02144-00528936-00529175": "all the mcdda colleagues i will not make", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02145-00529176-00529359": "a summary of the summary but i would", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02146-00529360-00529455": "like to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02147-00529456-00529662": "to highlight a few points the first is", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02148-00529663-00530022": "as sabrina said we need more research", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02149-00530023-00530111": "and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02150-00530112-00530414": "certainly on two areas related to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02151-00530415-00530679": "cannabis policy not only but certainly", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02152-00530680-00530759": "two", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02153-00530760-00531095": "one is the evaluation of the policies i", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02154-00531096-00531366": "think one of the biggest difficulties is", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02155-00531367-00531631": "when when you attend some international", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02156-00531632-00531766": "conferences", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02157-00531767-00532151": "uh in almost any setting", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02158-00532152-00532399": "the speakers or most of the speakers", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02159-00532400-00532718": "they come to tell you a success story", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02160-00532719-00532983": "and it's like everything is perfect", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02161-00532984-00533262": "and of course there is like in colorado", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02162-00533263-00533566": "8 billion dollars invested by the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02163-00533567-00533895": "private industry but officially there is", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02164-00533896-00534143": "no impact on news", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02165-00534144-00534239": "but", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02166-00534240-00534518": "it cannot be true i cannot imagine that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02167-00534519-00534766": "the private sector private companies", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02168-00534767-00535079": "invest a total of 8 billion dollars in", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02169-00535080-00535318": "the new industry and pretend to lose", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02170-00535319-00535614": "money to lose customers and to reduce", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02171-00535615-00535895": "consumption so this means that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02172-00535896-00536127": "we we need to facilitate and that's one", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02173-00536128-00536351": "of the roles of the emcdda we need to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02174-00536352-00536479": "facilitate", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02175-00536480-00536847": "the debate but also to add clarify", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02176-00536848-00537143": "situation clarify position to really", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02177-00537144-00537359": "allow a better understanding and for", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02178-00537360-00537551": "that we need research", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02179-00537552-00537927": "not only about prevalence or impact we", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02180-00537928-00538199": "need much and better research", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02181-00538200-00538559": "on evaluation and also we need more and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02182-00538560-00538711": "better research", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02183-00538712-00539031": "for the medical use of cannabinoids", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02184-00539032-00539287": "i don't enter into detail here but uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02185-00539288-00539583": "you probably know that at tmcdda we", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02186-00539584-00539822": "we tend to avoid to speak about medical", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02187-00539823-00540031": "cannabis because uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02188-00540032-00540335": "we don't speak about medical baobab or", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02189-00540336-00540591": "whatever we use when we speak about", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02190-00540592-00540862": "medicine it's about one specific", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02191-00540863-00541151": "substance or a group of substances like", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02192-00541152-00541391": "the use of morphine to treat", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02193-00541392-00541479": "pain", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02194-00541480-00541775": "caused by cancer among children and i", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02195-00541776-00542095": "think we have a big lack of data and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02196-00542096-00542359": "information about uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02197-00542360-00542631": "existing or potential therapeutic", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02198-00542632-00542766": "opportunities", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02199-00542767-00543039": "actually not only with cannabinoids but", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02200-00543040-00543487": "with the mdma ketamine", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02201-00543488-00543775": "and many other substances as as there", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02202-00543776-00544118": "are new and recent research showing the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02203-00544119-00544287": "the other point that i found very", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02204-00544288-00544470": "interesting in the in the discussion", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02205-00544471-00544683": "today is that uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02206-00544684-00545070": "basically uh uh i found very interesting", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02207-00545071-00545239": "that uh", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02208-00545240-00545479": "we we all understand and agree that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02209-00545480-00545759": "whatever is being decided at policy", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02210-00545760-00545855": "level", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02211-00545856-00546062": "i think there is a growing", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02212-00546063-00546335": "awareness not everywhere not at the same", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02213-00546336-00546662": "speed diversity like tom said is very", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02214-00546663-00546903": "big but i think it is the wealth of", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02215-00546904-00547175": "europe or diversity so we should learn", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02216-00547176-00547343": "from that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02217-00547344-00547527": "is is the fact that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02218-00547528-00547727": "they are they are really different", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02219-00547728-00548022": "options different opinions different", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02220-00548023-00548318": "ways to do the things and and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02221-00548319-00548462": "but still", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02222-00548463-00548751": "there is a growing awareness in europe", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02223-00548752-00548879": "at least", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02224-00548880-00549247": "that we want to reduce the risks for the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02225-00549248-00549535": "users because one of the negative", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02226-00549536-00549727": "assessment for some", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02227-00549728-00549991": "only repressive policies is exactly", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02228-00549992-00550414": "about what is the impact for the users", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02229-00550415-00550807": "who by the way are are citizens too so", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02230-00550808-00551055": "that's that's an important point and and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02231-00551056-00551431": "probably uh in some of the debates for", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02232-00551432-00551666": "uh legalizing or", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02233-00551667-00551966": "decriminalizing or not of cannabis for", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02234-00551967-00552087": "instance", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02235-00552088-00552351": "the the notion of the risk for the users", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02236-00552352-00552591": "is some sometimes forgotten", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02237-00552592-00552862": "and uh and honestly i i already", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02238-00552863-00553047": "expressed including at the european", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02239-00553048-00553231": "parliament that i would find very", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02240-00553232-00553351": "worrying", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02241-00553352-00553614": "if the move if there is one day or there", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02242-00553615-00553822": "will certainly be a move", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02243-00553823-00554199": "towards changes for for cannabis policy", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02244-00554200-00554447": "including among the eu member states i", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02245-00554448-00554695": "think that this would not be a good sign", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02246-00554696-00555079": "if this move was completely based only", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02247-00555080-00555375": "on the pressure of the cannabis industry", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02248-00555376-00555655": "and as it was said by some of you", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02249-00555656-00555966": "there is already in the in the u.s a", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02250-00555967-00556095": "very strong", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02251-00556096-00556359": "lobby industrial lobby", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02252-00556360-00556662": "and referring to uh to what tom was", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02253-00556663-00556918": "saying about the importance to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02254-00556919-00557055": "whoever", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02255-00557056-00557295": "to maintain or keep the access for small", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02256-00557296-00557455": "producers", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02257-00557456-00557655": "if you remember for those of you who", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02258-00557656-00557839": "attended the last list bone addiction", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02259-00557840-00558087": "conference there was a specific session", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02260-00558088-00558359": "on that and from the the evaluation that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02261-00558360-00558527": "was made by colleagues working in", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02262-00558528-00558751": "california for instance", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02263-00558752-00558951": "in california there was a component in", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02264-00558952-00559222": "the policy that was aiming at", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02265-00559223-00559462": "just uh ensuring the diversity of the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02266-00559463-00559766": "market and it has been the total failure", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02267-00559767-00560022": "and at the end it's the big cannabis", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02268-00560023-00560351": "bit like big tobacco uh that that was", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02269-00560352-00560559": "prevailing i don't know what is the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02270-00560560-00560735": "situation today so", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02271-00560736-00561055": "so all of that to say that um", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02272-00561056-00561343": "the the the webinar today and the next", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02273-00561344-00561647": "uh webinars and activities we are going", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02274-00561648-00561918": "we are going to continue to work on this", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02275-00561919-00562199": "uh we are preparing uh the publication", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02276-00562200-00562366": "of the futures", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02277-00562367-00562711": "uh report a report on the what are the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02278-00562712-00562979": "the future trends towards", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02279-00562980-00563279": "2013 the drugs field and you will not be", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02280-00563280-00563559": "surprised if we have identified and we", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02281-00563560-00563775": "will present in that report and in the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02282-00563776-00563903": "toolkit", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02283-00563904-00564166": "among the emerging trends in the drugs", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02284-00564167-00564414": "field two specific trends that are", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02285-00564415-00564687": "related to our discussion today evolving", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02286-00564688-00564911": "cannabis policies and changing", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02287-00564912-00565143": "regulatory frameworks so", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02288-00565144-00565383": "this meeting is not the end of the story", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02289-00565384-00565670": "it's just the beginning uh once uh once", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02290-00565671-00565918": "again i want to congratulate and thank", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02291-00565919-00566247": "the three speakers this was extremely", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02292-00566248-00566351": "useful", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02293-00566352-00566462": "extremely", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02294-00566463-00566591": "interesting", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02295-00566592-00566775": "and the three of you and brendan with", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02296-00566776-00567014": "the challenging task to summarize and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02297-00567015-00567247": "move forward the discussion you helped", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02298-00567248-00567591": "us to clarify for all the audience some", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02299-00567592-00567814": "of the key issues the key challenges the", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02300-00567815-00567943": "key concepts", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02301-00567944-00568143": "without entering into", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02302-00568144-00568470": "uh to ideological debate immediately", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02303-00568471-00568655": "that's what we need more and better", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02304-00568656-00568951": "evidence and more critical reflection", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02305-00568952-00569151": "that's our mission and we will continue", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02306-00569152-00569366": "to do that with you and i hope to be", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02307-00569367-00569559": "able to visit you", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02308-00569560-00569839": "when i will be able to visit again your", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02309-00569840-00570439": "country in the near future thank you", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02310-00570440-00570622": "thank you alexis", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02311-00570623-00570703": "okay", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02312-00570704-00570935": "thank you very much alexis i'm sorry i", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02313-00570936-00571135": "had that's what we usually call", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02314-00571136-00571343": "technical difficulties but thank you", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02315-00571344-00571631": "very much to it um everybody who has", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02316-00571632-00571879": "attended and listened thank you so much", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02317-00571880-00572079": "to our panelists for giving us all your", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02318-00572080-00572214": "different views your different", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02319-00572215-00572495": "perspectives uh your different data and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02320-00572496-00572791": "evidence that we have on these questions", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02321-00572792-00573079": "for me what i was starting to say before", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02322-00573080-00573327": "my own computer cut me off is that", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02323-00573328-00573599": "whatever it is we really need to to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02324-00573600-00573862": "watch this to monitor", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02325-00573863-00574103": "and to encourage some kind of neutral", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02326-00574104-00574359": "evaluation for countries to understand", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02327-00574360-00574566": "that whatever was the purpose of their", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02328-00574567-00574799": "change whether it's decriminalization", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02329-00574800-00574999": "whether it's criminalization", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02330-00575000-00575270": "stopping youth taking drugs", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02331-00575271-00575495": "allowing", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02332-00575496-00575775": "money to be earned as in north america", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02333-00575776-00576047": "or allowing police to concentrate on", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02334-00576048-00576279": "what they consider as more serious crime", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02335-00576280-00576518": "always these have to be monitored they", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02336-00576519-00576727": "have to be checked and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02337-00576728-00576935": "progress has to be made in the right", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02338-00576936-00577039": "direction", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02339-00577040-00577159": "we can't", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02340-00577160-00577479": "continue simply talking about ideas and", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02341-00577480-00577639": "then not checking that we're getting", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02342-00577640-00577903": "towards our ideas thank you so much to", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02343-00577904-00583543": "everybody we really appreciate it", "E_YLPhZRqPI-02344-00583544-00583752": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "EAfc9G8mdsE", "text": {"EAfc9G8mdsE-00000-00000176-00000415": "hello this is jeffrey fox introduction", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00001-00000416-00000630": "to cloud computing and big data", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00002-00000631-00001015": "data engineering part j is software", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00003-00001016-00001503": "cloud software and let's get on with it", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00004-00001504-00001734": "all right so we're in the unit for cloud", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00005-00001735-00002030": "software this is my research area so", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00006-00002032-00002295": "maybe what i say has a little more um", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00007-00002296-00002518": "substance than normal", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00008-00002519-00002742": "we start off with the discussion of the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00009-00002743-00003015": "high performance computing which is a", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00010-00003016-00003270": "field concern with getting good good", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00011-00003271-00003543": "performance which you always want", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00012-00003544-00003806": "and the so-called apache big data stack", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00013-00003807-00003990": "the software stack the collection of", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00014-00003992-00004095": "over", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00015-00004096-00004335": "well they're many more than 350 now i", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00016-00004336-00004606": "gave up in january 2016", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00017-00004607-00004870": "and i stopped recording them but uh", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00018-00004871-00004975": "there were 300", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00019-00004976-00005286": "over 350 in january 2016.", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00020-00005287-00005470": "and then i put them in 21 different", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00021-00005471-00005854": "layers and each of those layers had", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00022-00005855-00006095": "covered a particular part of the whole", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00023-00006096-00006318": "raw software ecosystem", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00024-00006319-00006527": "we point out that google's made huge", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00025-00006528-00006663": "contributions here", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00026-00006664-00006991": "and give highlights not in all 21 layers", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00027-00006992-00007159": "but in many of them", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00028-00007159-00007391": "we described our key technology map", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00029-00007392-00007623": "produce and pictures", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00030-00007623-00007887": "and then we compare the cloud software", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00031-00007888-00008023": "stack with the high performance", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00032-00008023-00008207": "computing software stack", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00033-00008208-00008542": "cloud is much more flexible", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00034-00008543-00008774": "and powerful the high performance", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00035-00008775-00008951": "computing software stack is rather", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00036-00008952-00009127": "focused and", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00037-00009128-00009399": "actually runs a lot faster at times then", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00038-00009400-00009614": "we look at whatever we need to support", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00039-00009615-00009742": "or rather general", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00040-00009743-00009991": "cloud or distributed systems programming", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00041-00009992-00010087": "environment", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00042-00010088-00010263": "all right let's get on to the details", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00043-00010264-00010783": "thank you", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00044-00010784-00011046": "all right now we have the famous hpc", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00045-00011047-00011231": "abds", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00046-00011232-00011478": "high performance computing enhanced", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00047-00011479-00011695": "apache big data stack", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00048-00011696-00011999": "with the 350 software", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00049-00012000-00012359": "uh systems that i gave up um", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00050-00012360-00012727": "updating in january of 2016.", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00051-00012728-00013127": "um so", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00052-00013128-00013455": "in here you also see they're actually 21", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00053-00013456-00013735": "layers they're numbered from 1 to 17 but", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00054-00013736-00013815": "um", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00055-00013816-00014199": "four of them have or three of them have", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00056-00014200-00014591": "a a b or abc uh divisions", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00057-00014591-00014983": "the 14 and 15 are amb 11 or abc", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00058-00014984-00015166": "showing i didn't quite do the layers", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00059-00015168-00015407": "correct so i sliced up the software", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00060-00015408-00015503": "stack", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00061-00015504-00015727": "the ones on the right here are", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00062-00015728-00015886": "cross-cutting", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00063-00015887-00016247": "like security is not really a layer", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00064-00016247-00016550": "it's a runs through everything as", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00065-00016551-00016743": "is messaging it runs through everything", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00066-00016744-00017119": "or message protocol stuff", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00067-00017120-00017479": "and here we basically start from the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00068-00017480-00017743": "bottom that's infrastructure", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00069-00017744-00017999": "and then right at the top with workflow", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00070-00018000-00018239": "slash orchestration which is how to join", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00071-00018240-00018399": "multiple jobs together", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00072-00018400-00018711": "and in between them we build a job with", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00073-00018712-00018791": "some", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00074-00018792-00019135": "data some messaging some", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00075-00019136-00019486": "programming systems libraries", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00076-00019487-00019767": "and so on here we're managing the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00077-00019768-00020047": "cluster the file systems the actual", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00078-00020048-00020286": "resource management and we have various", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00079-00020287-00020503": "standards for interoperability", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00080-00020504-00020775": "and we have devops which is automating", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00081-00020776-00020950": "the infrastructure", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00082-00020951-00021399": "so this is not all apache big data", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00083-00021400-00021607": "there are some commercial products here", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00084-00021608-00021703": "there's some", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00085-00021704-00022071": "non-apache open source like mongodb", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00086-00022072-00022222": "there's some commercial products but", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00087-00022223-00022607": "they're all come from the same community", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00088-00022608-00022807": "and represent the state of the art and", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00089-00022808-00022999": "big data systems", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00090-00023000-00023375": "and around january 2016 we were kept on", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00091-00023376-00023550": "updating it every month for several", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00092-00023551-00023694": "years", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00093-00023695-00023958": "i decided we had enough and the picture", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00094-00023959-00024135": "was clear i was no longer getting any", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00095-00024136-00024342": "new information in my update", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00096-00024343-00024678": "so uh the other comment on the summer", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00097-00024679-00024799": "these are green", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00098-00024800-00025022": "green of the layers we happen to work on", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00099-00025023-00025411": "in this big nsf project i have", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00100-00025412-00025622": "14-4-3-0-5-4", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00101-00025623-00025967": "though those are where we researchers in", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00102-00025968-00026223": "academia focus", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00103-00026224-00026631": "okay now as a backdrop to this is", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00104-00026632-00026839": "actually what google does so google is", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00105-00026839-00027031": "of course the pioneer", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00106-00027032-00027327": "of probably the original pioneer and now", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00107-00027327-00027487": "a very competitive", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00108-00027488-00027727": "pioneer in the field and it keeps on", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00109-00027727-00027918": "doing wonderful software", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00110-00027919-00028102": "and here we have a sort of history which", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00111-00028104-00028262": "google likes to show on", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00112-00028263-00028518": "in this slide here and i've written it", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00113-00028519-00028670": "out here because you can see it more", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00114-00028672-00028783": "clearly", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00115-00028783-00028990": "uh starting with the google file system", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00116-00028991-00029239": "which is shown here then the most famous", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00117-00029239-00029423": "body map reduce", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00118-00029424-00029787": "and going on to cloud data flow which um", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00119-00029788-00030087": "2015 and then we've written the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00120-00030088-00030383": "equivalent apache uh", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00121-00030383-00030774": "technology where it exists um", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00122-00030775-00030967": "now somehow we've also written the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00123-00030968-00031199": "layers see these like level eight is the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00124-00031200-00031414": "layer or level of the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00125-00031416-00031839": "hbc abds um some other capabilities we", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00126-00031839-00032023": "don't have in here because maybe google", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00127-00032024-00032087": "hasn't", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00128-00032088-00032302": "openly written a seminar conference", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00129-00032303-00032502": "paper or journal paper", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00130-00032503-00032815": "uh security data transfer scheduling", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00131-00032816-00033111": "devops although kubernetes is devops", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00132-00033112-00033327": "which is um", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00133-00033328-00033527": "from google because it's but it's not", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00134-00033528-00033646": "really", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00135-00033647-00033783": "all of devops it's just a very", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00136-00033784-00033999": "particular devops technology", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00137-00034000-00034183": "and then we have serverless computing", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00138-00034184-00034311": "where google", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00139-00034312-00034574": "offers it on google compute engine but", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00140-00034575-00034790": "they don't have anything like", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00141-00034791-00035111": "revolutionary paper which uh", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00142-00035112-00035343": "which say because partly because they", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00143-00035344-00035518": "didn't invent this this came from", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00144-00035519-00035839": "amazon with uh lambda i don't even think", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00145-00035840-00036079": "amazon had a revolutionary paper", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00146-00036080-00036302": "uh this is now apache openwhisk", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00147-00036303-00036455": "serverless computing but", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00148-00036456-00036662": "google didn't contribute that but anyway", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00149-00036663-00036846": "they've actually contributed in the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00150-00036847-00037046": "majority of these layers", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00151-00037047-00037455": "and they typically were the first", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00152-00037456-00037783": "big table was the first nosql database", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00153-00037784-00037951": "and things like that", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00154-00037952-00038567": "prego was one of the very first um", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00155-00038568-00038767": "iterative map producers where we", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00156-00038768-00038902": "actually we were actually somewhere", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00157-00038903-00039055": "before prego because that's not", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00158-00039056-00039143": "surprising", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00159-00039144-00039415": "academia does these things out there", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00160-00039416-00039455": "okay", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00161-00039456-00039774": "here is a four slides discussing macro", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00162-00039775-00039911": "juice", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00163-00039912-00040279": "which was a really stable technology for", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00164-00040280-00040487": "big data", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00165-00040488-00040807": "and it was one of the most possibly the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00166-00040808-00041030": "most successful approach found to", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00167-00041031-00041183": "process bulk data", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00168-00041184-00041535": "in some sense it is sort of trivial", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00169-00041536-00041711": "but it's actually pretty important to", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00170-00041712-00041911": "recognize things that are trivial", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00171-00041912-00042190": "and realize they're important and that's", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00172-00042191-00042351": "whether or not it was trivial it was", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00173-00042352-00042551": "certainly really important", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00174-00042552-00042927": "and um it was um", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00175-00042928-00043279": "in introduced by jeffrey dean and sanjay", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00176-00043280-00043687": "gyamawat in 2004 and it's been hugely", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00177-00043688-00043911": "successful as seen by", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00178-00043912-00044343": "the 31 000 over 31 000 citations", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00179-00044344-00044702": "and it is what used to be called data", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00180-00044703-00044911": "parallelism", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00181-00044912-00045158": "it's founded on data parallelism which", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00182-00045159-00045390": "was actually well understood", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00183-00045391-00045558": "it just was and it was actually", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00184-00045559-00045830": "dominantly used in the simulation area", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00185-00045831-00045999": "but it wasn't maybe quite so well", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00186-00046000-00046207": "understood in the big data area", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00187-00046208-00046407": "and i think people like say me who", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00188-00046408-00046599": "worked in the simulation area before", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00189-00046600-00046655": "then", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00190-00046656-00046911": "didn't realize that this was quite so", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00191-00046912-00047079": "important for big data because we didn't", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00192-00047080-00047286": "know what the big data problems were", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00193-00047287-00047567": "now we do when we realize mapreduce is", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00194-00047568-00047758": "very important but", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00195-00047759-00047951": "that wasn't so when all this stuff was", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00196-00047952-00048079": "done", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00197-00048080-00048255": "the exact way it's done is a little", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00198-00048256-00048415": "different actually somewhat simpler than", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00199-00048416-00048567": "the way it's done in the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00200-00048568-00048839": "simulations because it's a less the uh", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00201-00048840-00049062": "synchronization is a", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00202-00049063-00049367": "is less", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00203-00049368-00049679": "stringent", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00204-00049680-00050039": "here we have an animation about mr sam", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00205-00050040-00050351": "and um the animation unfortunately goes", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00206-00050352-00050623": "rather fast on this particular recording", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00207-00050624-00050935": "if you just play the um online", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00208-00050936-00051183": "slides you'll see they will play slower", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00209-00051184-00051350": "and more under your control", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00210-00051351-00051799": "control and but you can see that if we", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00211-00051800-00052190": "want to make an apple juice here we do", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00212-00052191-00052503": "a um a map which is the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00213-00052504-00052750": "cutting of the apple that maps it from", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00214-00052751-00052935": "apple into juice", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00215-00052936-00053207": "well apple into apple slices and then we", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00216-00053208-00053430": "do another map into uh", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00217-00053432-00053775": "into um juice", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00218-00053776-00054015": "but these are just sequential maps lots", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00219-00054016-00054150": "of maps", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00220-00054151-00054294": "and there is a bit of a reduction", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00221-00054295-00054487": "because because we're we do have to", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00222-00054488-00054682": "communicate from the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00223-00054683-00055087": "the um the grinder to the uh", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00224-00055088-00055359": "to the to the vars and from the apple to", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00225-00055360-00055566": "the apple slices and the apple slices", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00226-00055567-00055679": "have to be", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00227-00055679-00056247": "uh placed in this fruit squasher okay", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00228-00056248-00056423": "here is probably this is going to go too", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00229-00056424-00056671": "fast and here we have the parallel", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00230-00056672-00056830": "version of this which is not only", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00231-00056832-00056975": "parallel then you have", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00232-00056976-00057238": "lots of sources of fruit it also is", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00233-00057239-00057287": "doing", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00234-00057288-00057526": "different problems maybe we're making", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00235-00057527-00057607": "three different", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00236-00057608-00058015": "types of juices and", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00237-00058016-00058279": "there this is the reduced stage where", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00238-00058279-00058566": "things are communicated", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00239-00058567-00058830": "these are map stages where things are", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00240-00058832-00058887": "changed", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00241-00058888-00059182": "to their state this is another match", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00242-00059183-00059366": "phase", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00243-00059367-00059671": "and you can see", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00244-00059672-00059887": "how these can be thought of as key value", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00245-00059888-00060079": "pairs we have the key chord a", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00246-00060079-00060399": "o and p and everything is", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00247-00060400-00060711": "and then we have the a slice oh slice", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00248-00060712-00060863": "pea slice", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00249-00060864-00061111": "and then we can form so the combinations", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00250-00061112-00061247": "like ao", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00251-00061248-00061511": "when we mix oranges and apples for a", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00252-00061512-00061830": "particular punch", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00253-00061832-00062063": "if we now click this again it will", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00254-00062064-00062254": "hopefully uh", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00255-00062255-00062671": "um actually i think i have to do", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00256-00062672-00063023": "this yes so", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00257-00063024-00063382": "this sort of summarizes how mapreduce", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00258-00063383-00063630": "maps one list of key value pairs to", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00259-00063632-00063887": "another list of key value pairs", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00260-00063888-00064079": "and here are the key value pairs at the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00261-00064079-00064303": "top and here are the key value pairs at", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00262-00064304-00064423": "the bottom and we have", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00263-00064424-00064671": "mapping and communication linking them", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00264-00064672-00065655": "together", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00265-00065656-00066119": "so this just summarizes again that um", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00266-00066120-00066431": "programming model with lots of data", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00267-00066432-00066599": "and then you know it's terabytes", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00268-00066600-00066791": "petabytes and so on", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00269-00066792-00067135": "and it's um large numbers of connected", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00270-00067136-00067335": "computers which are well used i sort of", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00271-00067336-00067511": "tried to illustrate that in the previous", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00272-00067512-00067599": "slide", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00273-00067600-00067815": "where we had lots of knives each of", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00274-00067816-00068087": "those knives was a computer or a disc", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00275-00068088-00068271": "of well the baskets were the disc is", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00276-00068272-00068494": "where you read the data from the apples", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00277-00068495-00068694": "and the oranges and things", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00278-00068695-00069094": "and this is either parallel computing or", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00279-00069095-00069287": "distributed computing", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00280-00069288-00069503": "uh typically it's run on a single", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00281-00069504-00069694": "cluster which means that", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00282-00069695-00069871": "that's usually what's called parallel", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00283-00069872-00070094": "computing however it's loosely", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00284-00070095-00070199": "synchronized so", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00285-00070200-00070463": "that's sort of a characteristic of", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00286-00070464-00070647": "distributed computing", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00287-00070648-00070926": "and it has these two key parts a map and", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00288-00070927-00071182": "they're a juice", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00289-00071183-00071415": "but parallel keyboarding always had maps", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00290-00071416-00071719": "and reducers so it's not that um", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00291-00071720-00072062": "that distinctive but it's incredibly", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00292-00072063-00072326": "important i wish i made a mistake i", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00293-00072327-00072462": "didn't mean to down", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00294-00072463-00072815": "play it it's really important all right", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00295-00072816-00073119": "here is an example coming from judy chu", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00296-00073120-00073375": "who taught cloud computing for many", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00297-00073376-00073567": "years with great success", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00298-00073568-00073871": "and it uh was it", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00299-00073872-00074087": "is an illustration of its uh its", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00300-00074088-00074215": "operation", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00301-00074216-00074543": "so you have a program which", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00302-00074544-00074855": "has input data which is split into parts", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00303-00074856-00075062": "one per processor or one", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00304-00075063-00075438": "or one per process or a thread", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00305-00075439-00075887": "and those go to workers um", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00306-00075888-00076111": "and these workers are on the map side", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00307-00076112-00076319": "the map actually do the work", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00308-00076320-00076526": "and the reduced side the reduce add up", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00309-00076527-00076623": "the work of the ma", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00310-00076624-00076935": "of the uh of the workers", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00311-00076936-00077271": "sorry of the maps and they each run", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00312-00077272-00077471": "on either they can run on the same", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00313-00077472-00077711": "computers or different computers", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00314-00077712-00078079": "um but there are these two stages", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00315-00078080-00078359": "uh and they're linked by writing to disk", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00316-00078360-00078631": "on your local disk this is why u1 has", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00317-00078632-00078799": "for instance in the um", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00318-00078800-00079062": "hadoop which is the yahoo and now open", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00319-00079063-00079311": "source implementation of mapreduce", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00320-00079312-00079599": "um it has hdfs is actually possibly the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00321-00079600-00079759": "most famous part of", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00322-00079760-00080135": "um overdub which is the hadoop", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00323-00080136-00080399": "file system which allows you to have", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00324-00080400-00080535": "disks on", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00325-00080536-00080823": "the disks on the nodes of with the map", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00326-00080824-00080935": "so running", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00327-00080936-00081438": "being used to dump the data and then the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00328-00081439-00081631": "final answer which", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00329-00081632-00081831": "i mean a typical reduce is a rather", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00330-00081832-00081999": "generalized reduce it's not what", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00331-00082000-00082071": "actually", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00332-00082072-00082262": "some fields would call even reduce they", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00333-00082263-00082415": "might call it together", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00334-00082416-00082687": "and the typical example is search the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00335-00082688-00082759": "map is", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00336-00082760-00082959": "diligently searching for what it wants", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00337-00082960-00083087": "on among the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00338-00083088-00083431": "split up data and the reduce does a sort", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00339-00083432-00083679": "on the reduce to sort the results", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00340-00083680-00084038": "in the order of most relevance", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00341-00084039-00084294": "but it joins the results of the maps", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00342-00084295-00084471": "together that's the so-called reduction", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00343-00084472-00084631": "it's actually an increase operation not", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00344-00084632-00084838": "a reduce operation", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00345-00084839-00085279": "um this slide here is um", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00346-00085280-00085606": "classif sort of standard slide i've used", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00347-00085607-00085743": "in many forms for", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00348-00085744-00086038": "several years on with this side here the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00349-00086039-00086135": "left it has", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00350-00086136-00086535": "the big data stack and on the right it", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00351-00086536-00086575": "has", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00352-00086576-00086815": "what you might call a classic cluster", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00353-00086816-00086926": "stack", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00354-00086927-00087150": "and it has these different layers", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00355-00087151-00087311": "doesn't quite have all the layers", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00356-00087312-00087455": "because some of them", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00357-00087456-00087718": "uh we don't uh particularly highlight in", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00358-00087719-00087871": "in these when thinking about these", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00359-00087872-00087991": "stacks", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00360-00087992-00088287": "um i like we don't actually have devops", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00361-00088288-00088399": "here even though we're going to use", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00362-00088400-00088847": "devops um so", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00363-00088848-00088967": "we start at the bottom of the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00364-00088968-00089159": "infrastructure which as i said is going", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00365-00089160-00089335": "to be docker or serverless", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00366-00089336-00089638": "these days for big data and on the right", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00367-00089639-00089903": "is basically linux or bare metal and", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00368-00089904-00090150": "sri ov as a technology to allow", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00369-00090151-00090391": "openstack to run very fast on", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00370-00090392-00090703": "supercomputers uh data management might", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00371-00090704-00090943": "be hbase for the big data case and it", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00372-00090944-00091143": "might be", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00373-00091144-00091343": "met irons wonderful meta data management", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00374-00091344-00091543": "system for files which we don't tend to", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00375-00091544-00091743": "use in the big data side", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00376-00091744-00092238": "on on the cluster side", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00377-00092239-00092455": "here we have streaming data done with", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00378-00092456-00092662": "heron on the big data side but nothing", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00379-00092663-00092750": "on the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00380-00092751-00092974": "on the cluster side because there is no", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00381-00092975-00093143": "standard doing streaming", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00382-00093144-00093374": "parallel run timer dupe with possibly", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00383-00093375-00093631": "our extension harp or spark", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00384-00093632-00093831": "and then on the cluster side you have", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00385-00093832-00094079": "mpi openmp cuda", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00386-00094080-00094350": "etc and there's lots of runtime being", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00387-00094351-00094606": "built for extra scale machines", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00388-00094607-00094903": "high level programming is a pig or hive", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00389-00094904-00095023": "or drill", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00390-00095024-00095215": "from the big data scientists the main", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00391-00095216-00095487": "pacific languages on the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00392-00095488-00095879": "um cluster side i had the nerve to put", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00393-00095880-00096087": "twisted tourist platform as a service", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00394-00096088-00096255": "that's our own system", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00395-00096256-00096503": "but there is and this uh if you just", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00396-00096504-00096591": "look at the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00397-00096592-00096838": "level 15b you'll find lots and lots of", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00398-00096839-00097031": "examples of the big data", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00399-00097032-00097326": "space orchestration is google cloud data", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00400-00097327-00097591": "flow up here which is apache beam", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00401-00097592-00097782": "and then on the cluster side you have", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00402-00097783-00098015": "kepler pegasus taverna", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00403-00098016-00098247": "libraries here i put our own spider big", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00404-00098248-00098462": "data library tensorflow", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00405-00098463-00098711": "python has lots and lots of libraries", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00406-00098712-00098903": "and libraries are very important in the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00407-00098904-00098974": "hbc", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00408-00098975-00099191": "side when i've given here some classic", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00409-00099192-00099287": "libraries", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00410-00099288-00099559": "matrix sparse matrix and the many", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00411-00099560-00099735": "libraries matlab has", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00412-00099736-00100015": "languages are also a little different c", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00413-00100016-00100038": "c", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00414-00100039-00100303": "c plus plus python and fortran and on", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00415-00100304-00100406": "the big data case", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00416-00100407-00100606": "python is shared but you tell you would", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00417-00100607-00100815": "also use c and c plus plus especially if", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00418-00100816-00100935": "you're google", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00419-00100936-00101287": "with language like java erlang scada", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00420-00101288-00101662": "sql of course and sparkle for querying", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00421-00101663-00101982": "graph databases coordination", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00422-00101983-00102231": "there is nothing on the cluster side", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00423-00102232-00102430": "zookeeper for the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00424-00102431-00102654": "apache side of the large you do", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00425-00102655-00102863": "distributed coordination", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00426-00102864-00103078": "caching also is not highlighted in the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00427-00103079-00103182": "cluster side", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00428-00103183-00103502": "and memcached is a very famous in-memory", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00429-00103503-00103682": "caching system for", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00430-00103683-00103975": "databases data transfer well it's not so", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00431-00103976-00104254": "clear how you do that on the apache site", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00432-00104255-00104447": "uh publish subscribe is used for", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00433-00104448-00104582": "streaming data", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00434-00104583-00104854": "um you could in principle use globus on", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00435-00104855-00104951": "both", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00436-00104952-00105247": "both sides because it's so basically", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00437-00105248-00105343": "grid ftp", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00438-00105344-00105678": "which ftp is ftp a famous technology", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00439-00105679-00105839": "scheduling we have these interesting", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00440-00105840-00106078": "comparisons john mises", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00441-00106079-00106407": "on the data side", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00442-00106408-00106623": "compared to slum which is the standard", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00443-00106624-00106863": "scheduler which is a little lower level", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00444-00106864-00107134": "than yarn and lisa's on the big data", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00445-00107135-00107327": "side my guess is", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00446-00107328-00107590": "something like misos or yarn will", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00447-00107591-00107807": "actually become the standard scheduling", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00448-00107808-00107895": "system", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00449-00107896-00108295": "and islam will get integrated into it", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00450-00108296-00108590": "islam is really not good at interactive", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00451-00108591-00108807": "jobs it's mainly for back shops", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00452-00108808-00109095": "fire systems i've already discussed hdfs", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00453-00109096-00109390": "object stores and things like amazon s3", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00454-00109391-00109663": "very common in big data systems", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00455-00109664-00109999": "um lustre or which is a shared file", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00456-00110000-00110175": "system notice these are", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00457-00110176-00110478": "here we have uh hdfs which is a low", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00458-00110479-00110631": "level", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00459-00110632-00110951": "file system with the long term storage", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00460-00110952-00111231": "object stores and in the classic cluster", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00461-00111232-00111399": "everything is files", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00462-00111400-00111727": "and then we have lots of formats uh hdf", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00463-00111728-00111927": "is a standard format in the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00464-00111928-00112143": "scientific computing fits is one i think", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00465-00112144-00112478": "in astronomy", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00466-00112479-00112702": "all right so there are they actually", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00467-00112703-00112847": "have similar structure but", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00468-00112848-00112983": "rather different entries because they're", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00469-00112983-00113166": "optimized in different ways", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00470-00113167-00113639": "and have different histories", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00471-00113640-00113958": "um so now we take uh we", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00472-00113959-00114215": "finished those detailed discussions and", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00473-00114216-00114415": "we discussed just one thing that", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00474-00114416-00114647": "when we talk about clouds and this is", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00475-00114648-00114783": "relevant for this", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00476-00114783-00115110": "whole section clouds have infrastructure", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00477-00115111-00115295": "usually people initially focus", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00478-00115296-00115671": "in defining clouds on the infrastructure", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00479-00115672-00116207": "as a service side", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00480-00116208-00116454": "with the you know that's how it was", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00481-00116455-00116631": "initially presented", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00482-00116632-00116966": "rent services elastic services", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00483-00116967-00117351": "but cloud is also notable because of the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00484-00117352-00117551": "way it was set up it spurred this", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00485-00117552-00117758": "amazing software activity which was", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00486-00117759-00117902": "never seen before", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00487-00117903-00118134": "at least i don't remember such an", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00488-00118135-00118551": "amazing coordinated uh", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00489-00118552-00118934": "software activity um", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00490-00118935-00119119": "done by the community in the community", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00491-00119120-00119278": "it was just very big because there were", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00492-00119279-00119510": "so many large companies the previous", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00493-00119511-00119623": "communities", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00494-00119624-00119831": "like when web services were created that", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00495-00119832-00120023": "community was much smaller", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00496-00120024-00120231": "than the community that created big data", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00497-00120232-00120327": "software", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00498-00120328-00120502": "and that's actually sort of interesting", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00499-00120503-00120686": "it might be worth studying why the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00500-00120688-00121158": "community is of different sizes", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00501-00121159-00121351": "all right so here is a rather technical", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00502-00121352-00121566": "two slides which i don't recommend going", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00503-00121567-00121671": "to any any", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00504-00121672-00122023": "detail they basically reflect", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00505-00122024-00122295": "the reverse engineering that we did on", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00506-00122296-00122478": "the programming models which have some", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00507-00122479-00122686": "run time which supports the processing", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00508-00122688-00122831": "of big data", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00509-00122832-00123175": "and we provided them up into areas for", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00510-00123176-00123254": "example", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00511-00123255-00123454": "we have so-called coordination points", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00512-00123455-00123583": "that's because", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00513-00123583-00123831": "typically these run times support data", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00514-00123832-00123919": "flow", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00515-00123920-00124102": "and data flow has something going from", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00516-00124103-00124231": "point a to point b", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00517-00124232-00124543": "to point c and and they", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00518-00124544-00124766": "do some linkage at these points so those", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00519-00124767-00124951": "are coordination points", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00520-00124952-00125095": "that's where you can change what's", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00521-00125096-00125214": "happening that's where you can do", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00522-00125215-00125319": "backups", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00523-00125320-00125558": "very important spark for example is well", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00524-00125559-00125671": "known for its", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00525-00125672-00126063": "rdd backup system or", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00526-00126064-00126319": "or caching system and that happens at", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00527-00126320-00126478": "coordination points", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00528-00126479-00126831": "it's not present in say mpi or classic", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00529-00126832-00127199": "other classic runtimes um you have to", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00530-00127200-00127319": "actually map", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00531-00127320-00127551": "whatever resources you have whatever", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00532-00127552-00127790": "computers you have to the maps in", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00533-00127791-00128102": "in hadoop or the uh", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00534-00128103-00128502": "tasks in in spark and in the bolts which", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00535-00128503-00128734": "are the equivalent of maps in heron and", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00536-00128735-00128910": "storm", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00537-00128911-00129102": "and um that's how you have to decide", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00538-00129103-00129239": "what you're going to use containers", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00539-00129240-00129447": "processes or threads", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00540-00129448-00129614": "then we have parallel computing and we", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00541-00129615-00129823": "have these entries here spark flinker do", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00542-00129824-00130023": "break or mpi", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00543-00130024-00130447": "they all have different modes", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00544-00130448-00130695": "and uh though so they all are different", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00545-00130696-00130831": "modes and they reflect", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00546-00130832-00131102": "parallel computing being universal but", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00547-00131103-00131359": "being implemented in different ways", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00548-00131360-00131583": "as we when we discuss parallel computing", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00549-00131584-00131687": "we will", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00550-00131688-00131863": "we should note though i don't don't", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00551-00131864-00132102": "think the slides do the owner computes", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00552-00132103-00132271": "wrong", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00553-00132272-00132471": "which is reflected in most of these", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00554-00132472-00132614": "modes which says", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00555-00132615-00132783": "if you are a computer and you're in", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00556-00132784-00133031": "charge of data points x y and z", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00557-00133032-00133287": "you calculate whatever is connected to x", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00558-00133288-00133407": "y and z", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00559-00133408-00133607": "so then the compute rule say where the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00560-00133608-00133839": "data stored is where the computing is", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00561-00133840-00134031": "and has a reason for that you don't want", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00562-00134032-00134223": "to transmit the data because", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00563-00134224-00134487": "communicating data costs time so you try", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00564-00134488-00134735": "to do the computing where the data is", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00565-00134736-00135047": "that's a very important principle uh we", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00566-00135048-00135254": "have job submission", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00567-00135255-00135471": "and then we just have clear various job", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00568-00135472-00135735": "submission technologies", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00569-00135736-00135999": "marathon aurora the last four are all", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00570-00136000-00136183": "apaches type", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00571-00136184-00136647": "um job submission technologies", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00572-00136648-00136911": "and then you would then you're gonna go", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00573-00136912-00137111": "take python and actually have your", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00574-00137112-00137319": "client api be python", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00575-00137320-00137590": "and it can invoke these plugins with a", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00576-00137591-00137871": "typical", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00577-00137872-00138071": "architecture is to have the user sitting", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00578-00138072-00138287": "on a client running some powerful system", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00579-00138288-00138559": "matlab i mean worklets says python", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00580-00138560-00138871": "and that python is not actually doing", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00581-00138872-00138911": "the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00582-00138912-00139231": "computing it's invoking the computing", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00583-00139232-00139414": "so it's a proxy to the computing it's", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00584-00139415-00139583": "very important idea people", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00585-00139584-00139775": "think some things are very inefficient", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00586-00139776-00139966": "they're not inefficient because", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00587-00139967-00140190": "these slow technologies like python are", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00588-00140191-00140359": "not used to do the job", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00589-00140360-00140566": "that you they're they're the logic that", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00590-00140567-00140759": "invokes the job", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00591-00140760-00140999": "um well um if you now look at the tasks", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00592-00141000-00141231": "we have to migrate tasks", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00593-00141232-00141447": "we monitor them see when they're busy", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00594-00141448-00141614": "see where they need to be moved off a", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00595-00141615-00141895": "busy chord and put on a non-busy core of", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00596-00141896-00141943": "busy", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00597-00141944-00142302": "node and a non-busy node uh elasticity", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00598-00142303-00142383": "which", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00599-00142384-00142678": "is certainly seen in open whisk is a key", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00600-00142679-00142799": "technology", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00601-00142800-00143111": "streaming and function as a service", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00602-00143112-00143239": "those involve events", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00603-00143240-00143431": "those events have to be processed with", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00604-00143432-00143726": "technology like kafka or rapid mq", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00605-00143727-00143935": "and then they're handed to openwhisk or", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00606-00143936-00144047": "heron", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00607-00144048-00144254": "openwhisk is functional as a service", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00608-00144255-00144439": "heron is streaming", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00609-00144440-00144743": "we have to study the task execution", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00610-00144744-00144814": "whether we do", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00611-00144815-00145087": "process on threads we'll have queues of", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00612-00145088-00145190": "work", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00613-00145191-00145454": "scheduling we have to schedule the work", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00614-00145455-00145559": "and this", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00615-00145560-00145766": "spark for instance does uh dynamic", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00616-00145767-00146063": "scheduling flink type static scheduling", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00617-00146064-00146271": "and then generally you want all types of", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00618-00146272-00146502": "scheduling so you need to be able to", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00619-00146503-00146759": "choose and plug in different scheduling", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00620-00146760-00146863": "algorithms", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00621-00146864-00147078": "you also have to support accelerators", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00622-00147079-00147247": "sometimes your work is done on your", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00623-00147248-00147431": "intel or amd", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00624-00147432-00147719": "node sometimes on a accelerator from", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00625-00147720-00147863": "nvidia or", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00626-00147864-00148183": "or intel like", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00627-00148184-00148399": "where it's cuda is the software for", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00628-00148400-00148487": "nvidia", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00629-00148488-00148799": "and nice landing with intel's daal", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00630-00148800-00149143": "is an intel accelerator now all of these", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00631-00149144-00149335": "things are specified by a graph and you", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00632-00149336-00149502": "need to be able to process that graph so", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00633-00149503-00149543": "that's", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00634-00149544-00149854": "an important part of this runtime", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00635-00149855-00150039": "all right next slide this is the last", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00636-00150040-00150183": "slide on runtime", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00637-00150184-00150535": "well we have messages i told you the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00638-00150536-00150775": "world is full of messages", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00639-00150776-00151071": "and um heron has built a hair and tells", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00640-00151072-00151151": "you", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00641-00151152-00151390": "how to implement messages i pointed out", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00642-00151391-00151559": "that um", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00643-00151560-00151807": "that's when you're coming from the edge", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00644-00151808-00151863": "to the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00645-00151864-00152190": "center those edge systems communicate", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00646-00152191-00152375": "with the center of our messages", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00647-00152376-00152631": "data flow well your system probably", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00648-00152632-00152751": "running in the center", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00649-00152752-00152983": "i actually can run into the sugar damage", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00650-00152984-00153295": "flows data from one thing to another", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00651-00153296-00153623": "and that is", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00652-00153624-00154023": "uh that is done we have our own system", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00653-00154024-00154063": "here", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00654-00154064-00154502": "but there's also many ways of doing that", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00655-00154503-00154831": "and we're exploring that and there is", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00656-00154832-00154878": "also", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00657-00154879-00155175": "one has to look at fine grain where the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00658-00155176-00155383": "where the data is flowing in small and", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00659-00155384-00155502": "small sizes", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00660-00155503-00155863": "and cost grade and in some other talks i", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00661-00155864-00155911": "gave i", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00662-00155912-00156111": "distinguish between fine gain and coarse", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00663-00156112-00156319": "grain because they get mixed up in some", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00664-00156320-00156551": "of these systems", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00665-00156552-00156951": "here we have a comment on communication", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00666-00156952-00157239": "uh bulk synchronous processing is a is a", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00667-00157240-00157407": "style of communication typically", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00668-00157408-00157590": "implemented in mpi", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00669-00157591-00157935": "or our own system from gt2 called heart", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00670-00157936-00158207": "and their mpi is probably the fastest", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00671-00158208-00158278": "data", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00672-00158279-00158463": "well we better know what data system", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00673-00158464-00158695": "we're doing no sql sql", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00674-00158696-00159007": "object stores file systems what have you", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00675-00159008-00159175": "then we also have to have streaming data", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00676-00159176-00159407": "that's batch data that many choices", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00677-00159408-00159766": "streaming data gives us other choices", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00678-00159767-00160095": "data management well we have to worry", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00679-00160096-00160143": "about", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00680-00160144-00160502": "um data being", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00681-00160503-00160726": "immutable when you're doing a typical", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00682-00160727-00160919": "hadoop job the original data is", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00683-00160920-00161159": "immutable you're not touching it", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00684-00161160-00161390": "but there's immutable data which is the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00685-00161391-00161566": "results of the hadoop", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00686-00161567-00161871": "run and we have to know how to deal with", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00687-00161872-00161983": "this data when", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00688-00161984-00162159": "especially when it's distributed and", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00689-00162160-00162335": "possibly inconsistent between the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00690-00162336-00162495": "different nodes", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00691-00162496-00162854": "and here spark with rdd and heron with", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00692-00162855-00163166": "stream that has some technologies", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00693-00163167-00163390": "check pointing well you can decide where", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00694-00163391-00163766": "you want the checkpoint", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00695-00163767-00164007": "and spark and flink and mpi and heron", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00696-00164008-00164214": "all have check pointing models", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00697-00164215-00164383": "and they're different between batch and", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00698-00164384-00164519": "streaming and we have to", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00699-00164520-00164671": "worry a little about some of these", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00700-00164672-00164895": "technologies are better at streaming", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00701-00164896-00165087": "than others heron and flinker pretty", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00702-00165088-00165199": "good are streaming", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00703-00165200-00165526": "spark is not mvi is dractful", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00704-00165527-00165711": "and then there's security and i'm not an", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00705-00165712-00165911": "expert in security except i know it's", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00706-00165912-00165983": "needed", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00707-00165984-00166175": "and it's needed at the messaging level", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00708-00166176-00166359": "the execution level and the storage", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00709-00166360-00166438": "level", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00710-00166439-00166663": "and the sort of process of everything so", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00711-00166664-00166854": "this is when you sort of worry about", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00712-00166855-00167007": "building these systems these are the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00713-00167008-00167271": "things you worry about", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00714-00167272-00167463": "right the next few slides just go", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00715-00167464-00167799": "through the 21 layers one after another", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00716-00167800-00168095": "um layer one these are the cross cutting", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00717-00168096-00168199": "layers", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00718-00168200-00168390": "one through three were cross-cutting", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00719-00168391-00168590": "this is message protocols you probably", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00720-00168591-00168831": "won't worry about that in your work", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00721-00168832-00169038": "um there are these standards which are", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00722-00169039-00169166": "being produced", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00723-00169167-00169390": "to find the protocol for messages i mean", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00724-00169391-00169535": "i mentioned actually the great web", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00725-00169536-00169687": "service hullabaloo", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00726-00169688-00169878": "which is a really most complicated", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00727-00169879-00170223": "protocol distributed coordination well", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00728-00170224-00170423": "this is a classic subject of the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00729-00170424-00170638": "distributed computing course in computer", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00730-00170639-00170735": "science", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00731-00170736-00170990": "a zookeeper in apache is a famous", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00732-00170991-00171175": "implementation of some of the standard", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00733-00171176-00171438": "ways of doing distributed coordination", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00734-00171439-00171623": "and there are various improvements of", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00735-00171624-00171775": "that and", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00736-00171776-00172054": "get better performance many apache", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00737-00172055-00172287": "systems just invoke zookeeper to do that", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00738-00172288-00172407": "coordination", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00739-00172408-00172614": "and this basically point it's all comes", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00740-00172615-00172759": "from the fact that when you're doing", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00741-00172760-00173038": "parallel or distributed computing", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00742-00173039-00173223": "you need to have some consistency", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00743-00173224-00173407": "because you have different jobs", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00744-00173408-00173623": "sitting there running and they better", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00745-00173624-00173783": "have the same view of the world or if", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00746-00173784-00173943": "their view is different you better know", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00747-00173944-00174135": "it could be different than adjust to it", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00748-00174136-00174487": "that's what zookeeper goes with keeping", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00749-00174488-00174807": "uh distributed systems are on the same", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00750-00174808-00174911": "page", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00751-00174912-00175183": "and if they're not consistent very", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00752-00175184-00175311": "appropriately", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00753-00175312-00175559": "worrying about it and the security and", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00754-00175560-00175759": "privacy is um", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00755-00175760-00175983": "in a huge area lots and lots of people", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00756-00175984-00176238": "work about you see it on the web and", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00757-00176239-00176559": "people mistakes are always being made by", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00758-00176560-00176799": "big big and small companies", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00759-00176800-00176990": "and we'll always have emergencies we", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00760-00176991-00177183": "have to go and worry about our own", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00761-00177184-00177254": "computer", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00762-00177255-00177535": "with things like that and there's all", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00763-00177536-00177695": "sorts of technologies which", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00764-00177696-00177887": "try to and then that sort of trouble", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00765-00177888-00178023": "about security and privacy", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00766-00178024-00178614": "conflicts with user convenience and um", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00767-00178615-00178831": "we have various technologies here like", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00768-00178832-00179031": "incoming as one technology mentioned", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00769-00179032-00179326": "which is a way of federating logins", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00770-00179327-00179678": "so that you can have a login at indiana", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00771-00179679-00179863": "university and use it in other places", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00772-00179864-00180102": "like the national science foundation", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00773-00180103-00180359": "in future systems we use ldap which is a", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00774-00180360-00180551": "very simple database", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00775-00180552-00180719": "which basically holds all the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00776-00180720-00180966": "information which allows you to", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00777-00180967-00181223": "implement a security system by because", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00778-00181224-00181366": "you store the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00779-00181367-00181687": "details of the cloud users", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00780-00181688-00181983": "openstack has a project called keystone", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00781-00181984-00182199": "which is a role-based authorization", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00782-00182200-00182399": "which means that you don't just", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00783-00182400-00182590": "authorize people based on", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00784-00182591-00182935": "themselves but also in their role i'm in", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00785-00182936-00183135": "this fellow is a professor or this", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00786-00183136-00183343": "fellow is an iu student therefore has", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00787-00183344-00183607": "certain rights", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00788-00183608-00183959": "okay last two of the uh of the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00789-00183960-00184190": "cross-cutting monitoring so when your", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00790-00184191-00184351": "job is running", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00791-00184352-00184535": "or you want to monitor what it's doing", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00792-00184536-00184711": "you want to see problems", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00793-00184712-00184919": "you want to do later studies of", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00794-00184920-00185087": "performance so you want to know what", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00795-00185088-00185190": "went on", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00796-00185191-00185471": "and there are various uh um technologies", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00797-00185472-00185511": "him", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00798-00185512-00185902": "ambari negas ganglia coming from apache", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00799-00185903-00185975": "and the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00800-00185976-00186319": "hpc communities which gather metrics and", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00801-00186320-00186431": "they produce alerts", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00802-00186432-00186799": "no problem um like when when we had an", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00803-00186800-00187054": "invade um", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00804-00187055-00187407": "when we had a corrupted uh file or doing", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00805-00187408-00187647": "something dreadful on our amazon account", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00806-00187648-00187895": "obviously amazon was monitoring that and", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00807-00187896-00188087": "they reported it to us", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00808-00188088-00188254": "um fortunately they were kind enough not", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00809-00188255-00188487": "to charge us for that disaster", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00810-00188488-00188799": "um that break-in which was due to us", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00811-00188800-00189014": "actually not sort of not our problem was", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00812-00189015-00189166": "somebody else's problem", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00813-00189167-00189399": "but anyway we we implemented that", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00814-00189400-00189487": "problem", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00815-00189488-00189687": "uh there's inc as another monitoring", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00816-00189688-00189814": "system which is higher", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00817-00189815-00190038": "level i've already stressed the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00818-00190039-00190183": "importance of infrastructure as a", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00819-00190184-00190302": "service", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00820-00190303-00190687": "um which is not cross-cutting so the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00821-00190688-00190878": "cross-cutting is one through four", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00822-00190879-00191190": "five is infrastructure as a service and", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00823-00191191-00191271": "uh", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00824-00191272-00191438": "it has all the things including", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00825-00191439-00191607": "openstack i put", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00826-00191608-00191838": "docker which could be in this level at", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00827-00191839-00192014": "the devops level", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00828-00192015-00192319": "um which is the now", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00829-00192320-00192599": "because it supports the null hypervisor", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00830-00192600-00192823": "and we will also use kubernetes which is", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00831-00192824-00192990": "at level six the uh", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00832-00192991-00193399": "devops also and", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00833-00193400-00193590": "there are lots of infrastructures as it", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00834-00193591-00193702": "was in", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00835-00193703-00193975": "kvm and things like that we discussed", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00836-00193976-00194111": "some of these when we discussed", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00837-00194112-00194390": "virtualization", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00838-00194391-00194638": "devops very important software-defined", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00839-00194639-00194999": "system was key to gartner many gartner", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00840-00195000-00195223": "key technologies key emerging", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00841-00195224-00195343": "technologies", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00842-00195344-00195566": "we have our own system called cloud mesh", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00843-00195567-00195775": "which integrates many of them together", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00844-00195776-00196078": "lib cloud cobbler chef dr slum", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00845-00196079-00196575": "ansible puppet salary and um", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00846-00196576-00196878": "we mentioned docker earlier and", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00847-00196879-00197054": "kubernetes well we've mentioned them", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00848-00197055-00197154": "many times", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00849-00197155-00197526": "interoperability so you need standards", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00850-00197527-00197878": "for services compute akai is a standard", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00851-00197879-00198159": "from the opengrid forum for um", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00852-00198160-00198454": "cloud computing virtualization standards", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00853-00198455-00198799": "and storage cdmi is a storage standard", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00854-00198800-00199078": "so getting standards approved and agreed", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00855-00199079-00199231": "is a bit of a fight because", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00856-00199232-00199431": "some people like amazon are not terribly", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00857-00199432-00199719": "motivated to set standards because it's", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00858-00199720-00199902": "they don't want you to be able to move", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00859-00199903-00200054": "from amazon to google", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00860-00200055-00200326": "seamlessly they want it to be painful so", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00861-00200327-00200478": "you stay with amazon because they're", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00862-00200479-00200614": "winning", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00863-00200615-00200966": "all right file systems is the next layer", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00864-00200967-00201254": "um and files will always be there", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00865-00201255-00201366": "because you're going to have", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00866-00201367-00201631": "systems in the back end but you may not", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00867-00201632-00201695": "expose", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00868-00201696-00201911": "files and the high performance computing", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00869-00201912-00202135": "tends to expand also windows", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00870-00202136-00202471": "exposes files to the user but in", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00871-00202472-00202719": "most commercial data management systems", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00872-00202720-00202887": "you actually expose a higher level", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00873-00202888-00203119": "concept an object", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00874-00203120-00203463": "with openstack swift or amazon s3", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00875-00203464-00203638": "um when i say there's a difference", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00876-00203639-00203790": "between science which tends to always", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00877-00203791-00203999": "use files and commercial systems which", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00878-00204000-00204102": "always use", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00879-00204103-00204343": "objects or a higher level system while", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00880-00204344-00204502": "you're running almost certainly one or", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00881-00204503-00204790": "more clusters they have to be managed", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00882-00204791-00205103": "and i already mentioned miss asian and", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00883-00205104-00205255": "their slum and then", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00884-00205256-00205662": "we have also the um systems like moab", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00885-00205663-00205742": "bus", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00886-00205744-00206086": "sun grid engine open pbs", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00887-00206087-00206310": "and conduct which come from the grid", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00888-00206311-00206455": "what was called the grid", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00889-00206456-00206679": "initiative which is now sort of actually", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00890-00206680-00206846": "grid computing", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00891-00206848-00207558": "that died in the slab of the motherboard", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00892-00207559-00207814": "despair or something anyway they did not", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00893-00207815-00208031": "make it into the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00894-00208032-00208375": "productivity slopes", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00895-00208376-00208727": "um and we have to worry not only about", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00896-00208728-00208798": "some", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00897-00208800-00209023": "managing clusters but also managing", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00898-00209023-00209198": "collections of clusters", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00899-00209200-00209510": "and cluster management scheduling and", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00900-00209511-00209679": "things like that they're all rather and", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00901-00209680-00209815": "the difference in planning", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00902-00209816-00210110": "and execution these are the four", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00903-00210111-00210255": "different things but", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00904-00210256-00210398": "they're all mixed up in these", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00905-00210400-00210591": "technologies and actually mixed up in", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00906-00210592-00210719": "the user's mind", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00907-00210719-00211031": "including my mind um but they are", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00908-00211032-00211239": "actually clearly distinct", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00909-00211240-00211446": "um and you have you should uh worry a", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00910-00211448-00211734": "little about that", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00911-00211735-00212103": "all right layer 10 11 12.", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00912-00212104-00212479": "and 11 has three uh components 11", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00913-00212480-00212687": "10 is data transport what i already", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00914-00212688-00212855": "mentioned when i looked at the software", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00915-00212856-00212934": "stacks", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00916-00212935-00213175": "the globus o line of grid ftp is", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00917-00213176-00213294": "dominant in", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00918-00213296-00213503": "the high performance computing community", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00919-00213504-00213639": "but not so in", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00920-00213640-00213942": "commercially although it is used um", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00921-00213944-00214151": "10 most commercial systems are built", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00922-00214152-00214458": "around simple http", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00923-00214459-00214815": "http protocols and", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00924-00214816-00215015": "also they sometimes just send things by", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00925-00215016-00215127": "disk by", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00926-00215128-00215439": "ups or fedex", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00927-00215440-00215742": "well the next um set is the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00928-00215744-00215910": "different data stores which again we've", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00929-00215911-00216094": "sort of discussed uh as we've gone", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00930-00216096-00216206": "through already", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00931-00216207-00216534": "nosql sql files uh", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00932-00216535-00216758": "and then when we look at uh nosql we", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00933-00216759-00217071": "have graphs tables documents and objects", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00934-00217071-00217287": "and these are all different uh logical", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00935-00217288-00217542": "structures with their own management", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00936-00217544-00217839": "uh specializations originally this was", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00937-00217840-00218055": "all dominated by sql databases", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00938-00218056-00218239": "commercially and fire managers in", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00939-00218240-00218327": "science", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00940-00218328-00218703": "now it's much richer layer 12 in memory", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00941-00218704-00218903": "databases and caches", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00942-00218904-00219110": "object relational mappings going back", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00943-00219111-00219310": "and forth between those two views", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00944-00219311-00219510": "extraction tools these are just sort of", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00945-00219511-00219734": "um conversion tools to", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00946-00219735-00219951": "go from a from different ways of looking", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00947-00219952-00220103": "things to other ways of looking at", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00948-00220104-00220342": "things", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00949-00220344-00220694": "and um this also includes the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00950-00220696-00220863": "it's also pretty important to keep", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00951-00220864-00221006": "things in memory", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00952-00221007-00221231": "because that's what make things run fast", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00953-00221232-00221406": "and that's an area where there's a lot", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00954-00221407-00221527": "of attention", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00955-00221528-00221815": "it sits in the gartner emerging", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00956-00221816-00221919": "technology", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00957-00221919-00222182": "is very important and it's not much used", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00958-00222183-00222510": "in hpc at least it is but not by name", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00959-00222511-00222751": "and it is very very important in the big", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00960-00222752-00223015": "data world", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00961-00223016-00223334": "communication well there's all sorts of", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00962-00223335-00223527": "important communications from publish", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00963-00223528-00223919": "subscribe as you see in rapid enqueue or", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00964-00223919-00224231": "kafka mpi is point to point messaging", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00965-00224232-00224303": "which is the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00966-00224304-00224503": "to be essentially by definition the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00967-00224504-00224871": "fastest you have point to point which is", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00968-00224871-00225087": "process number one talking to process", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00969-00225088-00225231": "number 73", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00970-00225232-00225406": "and you have connected which is process", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00971-00225407-00225639": "number zero sending data", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00972-00225640-00226182": "to all 1023 other processes", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00973-00226183-00226406": "and there are various choices it's not", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00974-00226407-00226598": "actually highlighted in the apache but", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00975-00226600-00226734": "it ought to be", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00976-00226735-00226887": "and they have different choices in", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00977-00226888-00227110": "functionality performance and", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00978-00227111-00227287": "performance has two features", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00979-00227288-00227510": "bandwidth how many bytes can you stuff", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00980-00227511-00227639": "down that", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00981-00227640-00227975": "that pipe per millisecond and also", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00982-00227976-00228206": "latency how long does it start to get", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00983-00228207-00228471": "things toured up and get going", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00984-00228471-00228710": "um publish subscribe has got longer", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00985-00228711-00228887": "latency because it has a very", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00986-00228888-00229071": "accuse everything so setting up the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00987-00229071-00229255": "queue for a given message takes a little", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00988-00229256-00229382": "while", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00989-00229383-00229575": "where possible you should use publish", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00990-00229576-00229751": "subscribe because it's got very", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00991-00229752-00229823": "important", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00992-00229823-00230103": "uh robustness tech and convenience", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00993-00230104-00230223": "technologies", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00994-00230223-00230423": "programming well i went through how to", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00995-00230423-00230671": "do programming that's that runtime", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00996-00230671-00230958": "and then we have twister twister two", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00997-00230959-00231246": "stratosphere which is actually now flink", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00998-00231248-00231503": "hadoop spark so on and then in the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-00999-00231504-00231758": "streaming case we have storm heron", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01000-00231759-00232175": "etc and we used to have you", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01001-00232176-00232455": "somewhere in amv you need to have either", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01002-00232456-00232598": "for basic programming", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01003-00232600-00232806": "without streaming or one with streaming", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01004-00232807-00232942": "you need to have one of those", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01005-00232944-00233342": "how can you do anything above that", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01006-00233344-00233679": "is high level programming and um", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01007-00233680-00233887": "you don't have to have high level broker", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01008-00233888-00233982": "programming", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01009-00233983-00234319": "a good example of a high-level system", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01010-00234319-00234710": "shark is spark sql based on spark and so", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01011-00234711-00234815": "on", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01012-00234816-00235103": "hive is a sequel based on hadoop and", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01013-00235104-00235231": "things like that", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01014-00235232-00235615": "drill has a sql data interface", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01015-00235616-00236151": "to non-sql data stores including hdfs", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01016-00236152-00236423": "um well b is a little different there's", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01017-00236423-00236567": "a framework", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01018-00236567-00236742": "as uh as opposed to what we just", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01019-00236744-00236910": "discussed and", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01020-00236911-00237223": "uh is typified by the platform as a", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01021-00237223-00237342": "service", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01022-00237344-00237734": "um which is just a it's not", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01023-00237735-00238119": "um it's not a high-level interface of", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01024-00238119-00238327": "platform as a services a collection of", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01025-00238328-00238463": "tools", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01026-00238464-00238742": "um and that was what google app engine", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01027-00238744-00238831": "and azure", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01028-00238832-00239015": "offer and actually amazon of course", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01029-00239016-00239167": "offers right now", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01030-00239167-00239551": "um 16 is the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01031-00239552-00239823": "is the user level applications and", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01032-00239823-00239958": "libraries", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01033-00239959-00240134": "and you'll find lots of libraries but", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01034-00240135-00240446": "who demo live mrbase", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01035-00240448-00240679": "for apache r has got a wonderful", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01036-00240680-00240927": "collection of libraries and statistics", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01037-00240928-00241391": "um should have tensorflow here", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01038-00241392-00241615": "and a new library from google for deep", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01039-00241616-00241879": "learning and other machine learning", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01040-00241880-00242167": "um cafe for deep learning image j for", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01041-00242167-00242310": "images", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01042-00242311-00242527": "lots of bioinformatics libraries and", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01043-00242528-00242679": "their high performance convenience", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01044-00242680-00242998": "scanner pack and fancy", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01045-00243000-00243206": "then we finally have the last layer", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01046-00243207-00243391": "workflow and orchestration", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01047-00243392-00243606": "that's how you join jobs together the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01048-00243607-00243830": "architecture is you have a job", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01049-00243831-00244006": "which is sort of a self-contained thing", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01050-00244007-00244191": "which runs and has an input and an", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01051-00244192-00244455": "output", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01052-00244456-00244655": "but then to do something real you often", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01053-00244656-00244951": "need to put several jobs together", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01054-00244952-00245151": "because you need to i know cluster the", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01055-00245152-00245391": "cluster the data and then visualize it", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01056-00245392-00245575": "so those are separate jobs", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01057-00245576-00245798": "and orchestration of workflow does that", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01058-00245800-00246023": "clustering", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01059-00246023-00246223": "and they have much higher these things", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01060-00246223-00246430": "you're joining together are very big", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01061-00246431-00246679": "they each run for a long time so you can", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01062-00246680-00246942": "workflow an orchestration is not", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01063-00246944-00247271": "terribly performance sensitive", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01064-00247271-00247598": "and um we will illustrate this with", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01065-00247600-00247823": "access pattern 10 which is a particular", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01066-00247823-00248063": "way of doing things with", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01067-00248064-00248271": "the tenth and this step access pattern", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01068-00248271-00248463": "which has workflow and orchestration", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01069-00248464-00248710": "in it and you can only do this either", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01070-00248711-00248846": "with a sort of", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01071-00248848-00249158": "diagram where you stick the applications", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01072-00249159-00249271": "and draw", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01073-00249271-00249463": "lines between them and so how to link", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01074-00249464-00249798": "them together that's a classic", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01075-00249800-00250182": "workflow gui or you can sit there with", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01076-00250183-00250358": "your python code and", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01077-00250359-00250679": "say run job1 number one then run job", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01078-00250680-00250782": "number 23", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01079-00250783-00251046": "then number 34 take the data from 34 to", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01080-00251048-00251198": "send it to 63", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01081-00251200-00251567": "and also to 71 and run 63 and 71 and so", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01082-00251567-00251694": "on", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01083-00251696-00251982": "so you can do this either from a", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01084-00251983-00252175": "scripting interface", "EAfc9G8mdsE-01085-00252176-00252631": "or from a graphical interface"}}, {"audio_id": "EAfrTB6RBU4", "text": {"EAfrTB6RBU4-00000-00000058-00000580": "how's it going people [__] fantastic", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00001-00000581-00000902": "as a matter of fact I I feel like doing", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00002-00000902-00001043": "a little celebrating and I have been", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00003-00001044-00001739": "already a little uh cooks brute and that", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00004-00001739-00001918": "can't get the cork back on I guess I got", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00005-00001919-00002509": "to kill this soldier I'm celebrating", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00006-00002510-00002864": "because i have bought a new house this", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00007-00002865-00003067": "is not it of course this is my mom's", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00008-00003068-00003638": "guest room and she's been showing her", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00009-00003639-00004056": "hospitality she's even shared her latest", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00010-00004057-00004313": "Scientology mail because for some reason", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00011-00004314-00004640": "mom is on Scientology's a mailing list", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00012-00004641-00005000": "as well none of us know why she's never", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00013-00005001-00005204": "talked to these people or shown any", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00014-00005205-00005477": "interest and she has all kinds of great", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00015-00005478-00005900": "stuff laying around here the shocking", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00016-00005901-00006418": "news nothing new though the great", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00017-00006419-00006706": "controversy by ellen white and they got", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00018-00006708-00007019": "they made her pay 65 bucks with his [__]", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00019-00007020-00007331": "i could have got a copy in the thrift", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00020-00007331-00007870": "store for like five cents and by the way", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00021-00007870-00008566": "ellen white really Jesus ah so I've got", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00022-00008567-00008971": "good news and I got bad news for you", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00023-00008972-00009760": "have you heard okay let's have the worst", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00024-00009761-00010196": "first let's take some let's do the bad", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00025-00010197-00010412": "news all right have you heard the bad", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00026-00010413-00011051": "news i'm sure i have i keep hearing the", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00027-00011052-00011201": "same [__] over and over again that's why", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00028-00011202-00011753": "i just one page okay the Bible teaches", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00029-00011754-00012251": "that God is the all-powerful creator who", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00030-00012252-00012963": "is holy just and sovereign", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00031-00012963-00013696": "because he is holy he hates sin even", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00032-00013697-00014149": "though he created the [__] because he is", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00033-00014150-00014841": "sovereign he does what he wants oh when", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00034-00014843-00015072": "he wants just like I wanted to do that", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00035-00015074-00015666": "oh whatever he wants he just doesn't", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00036-00015668-00015822": "want to do anything right now that's why", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00037-00015824-00016090": "we don't see any signs of him or hear", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00038-00016091-00016360": "anything from him except for what is", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00039-00016361-00016668": "religious hearted earth-based", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00040-00016669-00016960": "representatives want to tell us he's", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00041-00016961-00017584": "thinking and saying sorry i'm a bit", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00042-00017585-00017994": "tipsy had wine with dinner as well", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00043-00017995-00019359": "celebrating he is answerable to no one", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00044-00019360-00019906": "he will be judged wait we will all be", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00045-00019907-00020269": "judged one day by this holy just in", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00046-00020270-00020902": "sovereign God who answers to no one to", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00047-00020903-00021343": "make matters worse the Bible teaches", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00048-00021344-00022269": "that all of us are messed up we are", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00049-00022270-00022579": "guilty of sinful thoughts and I could", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00050-00022580-00022825": "talk about that actually but let's let's", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00051-00022826-00023448": "move on all right attitudes and actions", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00052-00023449-00023880": "not convinced", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00053-00023881-00024445": "have you ever stolen anything this Ray", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00054-00024446-00025931": "Comfort goddamn it sorry told a lie had", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00055-00025932-00026283": "sex with someone you weren't married to", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00056-00026285-00027364": "and enjoyed it not that I'm saying", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00057-00027364-00027677": "looked with lust now I really want to", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00058-00027677-00027920": "talk about that one but not now not yet", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00059-00027920-00028355": "all right or loved anyone or anything", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00060-00028356-00029008": "more than God if so you stand condemned", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00061-00029009-00029362": "before a holy God furthermore you are", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00062-00029363-00029665": "unable to free yourself from sins", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00063-00029666-00030199": "penalty or power by your own efforts so", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00064-00030200-00030551": "don't even try you're [__] no wonder", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00065-00030552-00030793": "Richard Ramirez went off on a Night", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00066-00030794-00030974": "Stalker rampage you know it wasn't good", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00067-00030975-00031331": "enough me as well go do evil [__] you", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00068-00031332-00031795": "know guilty of thought crime so [__] it", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00069-00031795-00032352": "mr. Eddie hope then that brings us to", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00070-00032353-00032752": "the good news see they were counting on", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00071-00032753-00033095": "us to read the fat bad news first the", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00072-00033096-00033433": "Bible teaches that God love this sinful", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00073-00033434-00033917": "world that he made that way so much that", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00074-00033918-00034318": "he sent His Son Jesus Christ to be its", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00075-00034319-00034955": "Savior and human sacrifice Jesus Christ", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00076-00034956-00035587": "is both fully God and fully man he's", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00077-00035588-00035927": "like a pbj you know he's fully peanut", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00078-00035928-00036358": "butter yet fully jelly not half of one", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00079-00036359-00036595": "in the other ah he's", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00080-00036596-00036829": "how can you be half something and have", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00081-00036830-00037065": "something else and yet be fully that and", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00082-00037066-00037687": "fully the other thing magic I excuse me", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00083-00037688-00038440": "I stand corrected great controversy", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00084-00038441-00039411": "makes a good coaster $65 all right um", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00085-00039412-00040012": "since man sinned Jesus had to become a", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00086-00040013-00040596": "man so that he could truly represent us", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00087-00040597-00040996": "and pay the penalty for our sins that", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00088-00040997-00041980": "makes sense not at all but since Jesus", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00089-00041981-00042418": "is also God his death has infinite value", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00090-00042419-00042820": "and could pay the penalty for the sins", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00091-00042821-00043201": "of the entire world but you got to be", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00092-00043202-00043587": "Christian so not the entire world just", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00093-00043588-00044193": "the Christian part of it right the Bible", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00094-00044194-00044508": "teaches that when Jesus died on the", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00095-00044509-00044977": "cross he was bearing God's wrath do to", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00096-00044978-00045502": "us for our sins he was a scapegoat yeah", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00097-00045503-00046674": "the Pascal lamb but how do we know that", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00098-00046675-00046942": "God the Father accepted Jesus's death", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00099-00046943-00047617": "for our sins we know because three days", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00100-00047618-00048226": "later according to some contradictory", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00101-00048227-00048655": "accounts God the Father raised him from", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00102-00048656-00049008": "the dead and exalted him to the highest", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00103-00049009-00049561": "place in the universe up there unless", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00104-00049562-00049898": "you're in a Down Under that it's", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00105-00049899-00050303": "it's an outer space somewhere there is", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00106-00050304-00050486": "no up or down in outer space that's what", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00107-00050487-00050888": "I'm saying that whatever he's like hang", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00108-00050889-00051391": "on celebrating the good news that I got", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00109-00051392-00051872": "a house ah before the property values of", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00110-00051873-00052124": "shot back up and they are going to be", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00111-00052125-00052601": "doing that I got a deal too I'll be", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00112-00052602-00052841": "doing some videos of my house renovation", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00113-00052841-00053005": "on the other channel all let you guys", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00114-00053007-00053747": "know about that okay now that he is", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00115-00053748-00054209": "alive from the dead he is able to impart", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00116-00054210-00054739": "his life to us just drink his blood and", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00117-00054740-00055117": "be accountable symbolically yeah that's", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00118-00055119-00055910": "all the kind of life which gives us the", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00119-00055911-00057002": "power to live the way he wants us to he", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00120-00057003-00057311": "offers both forgiveness of sins and the", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00121-00057312-00057695": "power to overcome sin as a free gift to", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00122-00057696-00058126": "all who receive him as Savior and Lord", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00123-00058127-00058520": "however the Bible teaches that to", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00124-00058521-00058745": "receive this gift we must turn from our", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00125-00058746-00059254": "sin and trust in Christ alone if you", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00126-00059255-00059723": "truly understand the bad news the only", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00127-00059724-00059990": "reasonable response is to yield your", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00128-00059991-00060254": "life to Jesus Christ and receive", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00129-00060254-00060737": "forgiveness oh and newness of life from", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00130-00060738-00061202": "him the bridge then once again they're", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00131-00061203-00061630": "trying to sell you a bridge what is up", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00132-00061632-00062015": "with this bridge [__] Scientology they", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00133-00062016-00062416": "want to sell you a bridge too I'll be", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00134-00062417-00062991": "reading that [__] later um anyway I will", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00135-00062992-00063314": "put this information wherever they're", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00136-00063315-00063533": "putting it these days and now I want to", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00137-00063534-00063815": "talk about these thought crimes because", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00138-00063816-00064004": "I do believe there's a big difference", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00139-00064004-00064429": "between thoughts and actions like", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00140-00064430-00064820": "play-doh once said you know you know bad", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00141-00064821-00065069": "people do with good people think about", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00142-00065070-00066026": "but don't do usually but this bit about", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00143-00066027-00066371": "looking at women with lust let me talk", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00144-00066372-00066605": "about that cuz the favorite subject of", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00145-00066606-00067058": "mine it's true I love to look at women", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00146-00067059-00067366": "it's one of my favorite things to do it", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00147-00067367-00067628": "but am I really looking at them with", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00148-00067629-00068024": "lust or is it it appreciation think", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00149-00068025-00068456": "about that I like the way they look what", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00150-00068457-00068989": "can I say I I like the way they move I", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00151-00068990-00069323": "like the way they're shaped I you know I", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00152-00069324-00069671": "I like the fact that they're the same", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00153-00069672-00070217": "but different and I adore that but when", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00154-00070218-00070420": "i'm looking at a beautiful woman and", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00155-00070421-00070778": "appreciating her her charming features", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00156-00070779-00071384": "am I really lusting necessarily I guess", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00157-00071385-00071597": "Ray Comfort would think I am because I", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00158-00071598-00071831": "might be checking out certain attributes", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00159-00071832-00072580": "and going mahou but am I really i mean i", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00160-00072581-00072794": "mean if i were Muslim you know i", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00161-00072795-00072992": "probably have to you know raper you know", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00162-00072993-00073282": "because i think she's attractive but oh", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00163-00073283-00074073": "but as a gentleman and I am a gentleman", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00164-00074074-00074703": "as a gentleman I like the poetry in", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00165-00074704-00075126": "motion I just I like to look at them I'm", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00166-00075127-00075378": "not always thinking about sex i'm not", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00167-00075379-00075912": "always visualizing you know I just like", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00168-00075913-00076281": "the way they look I mean that's like", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00169-00076282-00076763": "saying that oh I I love that house so i", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00170-00076764-00077021": "think i'm going to just take that house", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00171-00077022-00077594": "no that's not my house but i like it and", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00172-00077595-00077943": "i think it looks nice i like that tree I", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00173-00077944-00078369": "like that rainbow I like I like to look", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00174-00078370-00078653": "at things that are beautiful because", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00175-00078654-00079368": "they I enjoy them but I when I look at a", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00176-00079369-00079596": "beautiful woman and I look at a", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00177-00079597-00079980": "beautiful sunset in a sense is not that", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00178-00079981-00080288": "different am I lusting after a sunset I", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00179-00080289-00080973": "don't think so I appreciate it I find it", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00180-00080974-00081575": "appealing that's like am i if I see a", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00181-00081576-00081912": "cool car like a you know like a trick", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00182-00081913-00082319": "that Corvette and I went whoa look at", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00183-00082320-00082856": "that car oh look at that paint am I", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00184-00082857-00083094": "really lusting after that car am I", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00185-00083095-00083343": "coveting it am I saying oh I'm gonna", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00186-00083344-00083679": "steal that car or am I saying wow that's", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00187-00083680-00083957": "a nice car I'm enjoying looking at it", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00188-00083958-00084257": "because I like the way it looks I like", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00189-00084258-00084626": "its lines I like the paint I like", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00190-00084627-00084861": "everything about it or I like a lot of", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00191-00084862-00085380": "things about it I I don't think that", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00192-00085381-00085710": "looking at a beautiful woman and having", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00193-00085711-00085913": "a porno happing in my head are the same", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00194-00085914-00086124": "thing all the time because i don't", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00195-00086125-00086550": "always imagine sex with that woman when", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00196-00086551-00086754": "i'm appreciating the fact that she's a", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00197-00086755-00087156": "different section I am I just", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00198-00087157-00087366": "I know Ray Comfort doesn't understand", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00199-00087367-00087578": "that you know because he's he's very", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00200-00087579-00087948": "simplistic but it's a little more", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00201-00087949-00088215": "complicated than that folks you know", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00202-00088216-00088623": "there's a lot of things i like i love to", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00203-00088624-00088818": "look at lots of beautiful things you", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00204-00088819-00089268": "know I I mean I love animals I love", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00205-00089269-00089583": "critters you know I'm very fond of", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00206-00089584-00089901": "horses and I think they're beautiful and", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00207-00089902-00090141": "I'd like to look at them I think they're", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00208-00090142-00090405": "graceful and elegant doesn't mean I", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00209-00090406-00090861": "wanna [__] one sometimes I like to look", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00210-00090862-00091149": "at something or someone who's beautiful", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00211-00091150-00091665": "that's beautiful that's all so do I look", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00212-00091666-00092183": "it's a person with appreciation I mean I", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00213-00092184-00092454": "don't really spend a lot of time lusting", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00214-00092455-00092772": "exactly I just like what I'm seeing", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00215-00092773-00093195": "sometimes and I can't help but look I", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00216-00093196-00093627": "can't help it it's the way I'm wired you", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00217-00093628-00094017": "know I mean this is some pretty twisted", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00218-00094018-00094365": "[__] you know I mean I have a friend", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00219-00094366-00094656": "who's a extremely conservative and", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00220-00094657-00095028": "Christian and he can watch a movie that", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00221-00095029-00095175": "has people being chopped up with", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00222-00095176-00095478": "chainsaws just don't show a naked woman", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00223-00095479-00096006": "in it because he might get up Woody he", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00224-00096007-00096330": "might desire that woman and then he's", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00225-00096331-00096507": "cheating on his wife and he's and he", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00226-00096508-00096900": "just raped her with his mind it got so", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00227-00096901-00097188": "bad with this guy he actually got", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00228-00097189-00097329": "involved with the promise keepers and", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00229-00097330-00097523": "almost ruined his marriage over it", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00230-00097524-00097749": "because he had to come home turn off the", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00231-00097750-00097953": "TV set say everybody come in here i'm", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00232-00097954-00098394": "going to purge myself and confess all my", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00233-00098395-00099105": "shame I like to look at women there's", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00234-00099106-00099399": "nothing wrong with it and there's", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00235-00099400-00099630": "everything right with it just don't be a", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00236-00099631-00100083": "creep about it that's all I anyway", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00237-00100084-00100341": "that's all i gotta say this look at", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00238-00100342-00100536": "women with less [__] I", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00239-00100537-00100914": "I love to look at women but I don't have", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00240-00100915-00101130": "time to have sex with them all even if I", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00241-00101131-00101484": "could and I don't think I want to i I've", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00242-00101485-00101886": "had women that are friends of mine and I", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00243-00101887-00102215": "find him attractive and appealing and", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00244-00102216-00102443": "the thought of having sex with him is", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00245-00102444-00102593": "the furthest thing from my mind because", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00246-00102594-00103109": "I like them as friends so I'm just sick", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00247-00103110-00103326": "of all this this less talk because I", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00248-00103327-00103592": "think it's a bunch of [__] and I'm", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00249-00103593-00103746": "not going to give up looking at women", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00250-00103747-00104006": "sorry does it mean that I'm having a", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00251-00104007-00104255": "portal in my head anyway I'm rambling on", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00252-00104256-00104504": "and on but this really this [__] ticks", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00253-00104505-00104838": "me off that's all I'm a little drunk", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00254-00104839-00105318": "sorry anyway I'll keep you posted on all", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00255-00105319-00105678": "further updates peace the [__] out I", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00256-00105679-00105894": "have a wonderful whatever the [__] it is", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00257-00105895-00106221": "you're having and if you if you want to", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00258-00106222-00106459": "look at beauty don't feel ashamed for it", "EAfrTB6RBU4-00259-00106460-00106953": "just don't be a creek that's by"}}, {"audio_id": "EAkRNoIxTnY", "text": {"EAkRNoIxTnY-00000-00000000-00000214": "foreign", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00001-00000215-00000673": "[Music]", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00002-00000674-00000958": "expert inside interview my name is John", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00003-00000959-00001216": "golden from sales pop online sales", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00004-00001217-00001528": "magazine and pipeliner CRM joining you", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00005-00001529-00001871": "as usual from Sunny San Diego and today", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00006-00001872-00002260": "I am joined by Mark LaChance who is in", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00007-00002261-00002441": "southern south Florida how you doing", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00008-00002442-00002518": "mark", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00009-00002519-00002765": "I'm good I like how you pronounce the", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00010-00002766-00003005": "name John I like it I like it yeah yeah", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00011-00003006-00003160": "well you know if you're gonna go for it", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00012-00003161-00003304": "you should go for it that's what that's", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00013-00003305-00003527": "my philosophy anyway", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00014-00003528-00003749": "and Mark is a Serial entrepreneur", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00015-00003750-00004072": "strategic thinker an investor uh he's a", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00016-00004073-00004313": "CEO and Lead investor of Maxi media Inc", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00017-00004314-00004445": "one of the largest tick tock Facebook", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00018-00004446-00004649": "Snapchat and Google Display Network", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00019-00004650-00004906": "Performance Marketing agencies in the", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00020-00004907-00005279": "world and also the author of the book", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00021-00005280-00005567": "The Lucky formula how to stack the odds", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00022-00005568-00005867": "in your favor and cash in on success and", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00023-00005868-00006113": "what we wanted to talk about today is", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00024-00006114-00006370": "this uh this concept that maybe not", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00025-00006371-00006653": "everybody is familiar with so if you", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00026-00006654-00006856": "want to just bottom line and Define it", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00027-00006858-00007205": "for us Mark is the concept of Blitz", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00028-00007206-00007427": "scaling", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00029-00007428-00007691": "okay so a book uh was written by the", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00030-00007692-00007877": "founder of LinkedIn a few years back", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00031-00007878-00008063": "called Blitz scaling itself so there's", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00032-00008064-00008237": "there's a couple definitions of it", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00033-00008238-00008392": "there's mine and then there's the books", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00034-00008393-00008699": "definition but the way the book defines", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00035-00008700-00008885": "it is you know raise as much money as", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00036-00008886-00008981": "possible", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00037-00008982-00009359": "and go out there and invest it you know", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00038-00009360-00009574": "invest it properly in in growth just", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00039-00009575-00009833": "hyper growth so my definition of it you", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00040-00009834-00010067": "know the fact that I've never taken you", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00041-00010068-00010259": "know investment capital or P private", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00042-00010260-00010535": "Equity money or money from uh hedge", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00043-00010536-00010769": "funds my definition is taking every", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00044-00010770-00011056": "single penny or dime of profit and", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00045-00011057-00011338": "rolling that back into into hyper growth", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00046-00011339-00011477": "so I've done that you know three times", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00047-00011478-00011728": "now I'm on my third go at it so first", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00048-00011729-00011938": "time we did it uh we we started with two", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00049-00011939-00012274": "and we ended when I left sorry in 2001", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00050-00012275-00012527": "we had two employees myself and the", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00051-00012528-00012695": "founder of the company we built it from", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00052-00012696-00013115": "from 2 to 240 and when I left in 2006", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00053-00013116-00013366": "the next time I did it was in 2009 we", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00054-00013368-00013594": "built the company from one myself all", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00055-00013595-00013793": "the way to 215.", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00056-00013794-00014171": "uh to 216 and now this last go at it uh", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00057-00014172-00014544": "Maxi media we built it from 2 in 2018", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00058-00014545-00014915": "four years later almost 300 so I'm uh", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00059-00014916-00015083": "you know I think getting bigger and", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00060-00015084-00015263": "bigger each time but basically the gist", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00061-00015263-00015491": "is taking your money and rolling it to", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00062-00015491-00015797": "revenue generation not anything else", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00063-00015797-00015988": "other than Revenue generation so I don't", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00064-00015990-00016072": "know if you have any questions around", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00065-00016073-00016336": "that John yeah yeah no it's it's a it's", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00066-00016337-00016493": "a great and I like the decision too", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00067-00016494-00016661": "because", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00068-00016662-00016829": "um you know that whole idea of basically", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00069-00016830-00017008": "running out grabbing loads and loads of", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00070-00017009-00017315": "money from you know investors and all of", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00071-00017316-00017536": "that like that's fine for hyper growth", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00072-00017537-00017758": "that's fine I mean it tends to to me", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00073-00017759-00017908": "it's it's a great scheme for Google", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00074-00017909-00018089": "AdWords and that because it just seems", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00075-00018090-00018329": "to end up you the money comes from the", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00076-00018330-00018508": "investors and go straight out to Google", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00077-00018509-00018694": "AdWords and then six months save you're", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00078-00018695-00018929": "coming back looking for more money so", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00079-00018930-00019271": "the idea that actually creating the", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00080-00019272-00019493": "money yourself to invest means that you", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00081-00019494-00019769": "obviously have to create a very very", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00082-00019770-00020122": "focused efficient uh organization to", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00083-00020123-00020261": "begin with", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00084-00020262-00020525": "absolutely but a key to it again is I I", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00085-00020526-00020764": "alluded to it but the fact is revenue", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00086-00020765-00020927": "generation so focus on Revenue", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00087-00020928-00021064": "generation somebody asked me a question", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00088-00021065-00021239": "the other day so who do you go out and", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00089-00021240-00021419": "hire first do you go out and hire uh you", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00090-00021420-00021664": "know head of HR or head of legal CFO I", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00091-00021665-00021880": "said no no those those are not Revenue", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00092-00021881-00022169": "generation at all you want to hire you", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00093-00022170-00022330": "know feed on the street sales people you", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00094-00022331-00022505": "want to hire marketers you want to hire", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00095-00022506-00022697": "media buyers you want to hire Revenue", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00096-00022698-00022847": "generation only that should be your", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00097-00022848-00023105": "Prime Focus out of the gate", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00098-00023106-00023519": "yeah no I I I I totally agree and and I", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00099-00023520-00023675": "think and I think that's one of the", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00100-00023676-00023758": "other", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00101-00023759-00023914": "um you know fallacies that sometimes", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00102-00023915-00024125": "it's like putting in immediately people", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00103-00024126-00024383": "want to put in all these extraneous", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00104-00024384-00024593": "um you know functions into the business", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00105-00024594-00024767": "or middle management and all of that", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00106-00024768-00024953": "kind of stuff where", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00107-00024954-00025211": "um rather than focusing on the on the", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00108-00025212-00025403": "growth part and really making sure that", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00109-00025404-00025661": "that is as supported and as efficient as", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00110-00025662-00025925": "possible so when you go about when", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00111-00025926-00026044": "you've gone about that with the", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00112-00026045-00026225": "businesses that you have done this like", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00113-00026226-00026470": "a number of times now with", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00114-00026472-00026657": "um how have you started like how have", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00115-00026658-00026890": "you made sure that the focus stays on", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00116-00026891-00027131": "the revenue generating activities", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00117-00027132-00027520": "well I do a on a daily basis I do a a", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00118-00027522-00027827": "cash I I call it my cash flow sheet so", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00119-00027827-00028037": "it's uh you know it's not a balance", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00120-00028038-00028211": "sheet it's not a p l it's actually", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00121-00028212-00028396": "literally a cash flow how much actually", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00122-00028397-00028667": "I call it cash on hand so what literal", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00123-00028668-00028895": "cash do I have on hand right now today", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00124-00028895-00029212": "because if you John you sell like you", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00125-00029213-00029417": "understand financial statements so P L's", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00126-00029418-00029602": "don't tell you the true story right no", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00127-00029604-00029795": "that's just accounting mumbo jumbo you", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00128-00029795-00030011": "re I really want to know what my cash", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00129-00030012-00030293": "position is on a on a daily basis so", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00130-00030294-00030455": "then I can take that cash and reinvest", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00131-00030456-00030629": "it where it needs to be it needs to go", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00132-00030630-00030808": "in in you know for Revenue generation", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00133-00030810-00030931": "purposes", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00134-00030932-00031252": "yeah no it's it is because it's one", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00135-00031254-00031420": "thing that often bites people when they", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00136-00031422-00031631": "you know set up their own businesses or", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00137-00031632-00031840": "whatever for the first time is that is", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00138-00031841-00032099": "that idea of you know maybe they'll get", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00139-00032100-00032249": "some business in they'll be generating", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00140-00032250-00032608": "some Revenue but they'll run out of cash", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00141-00032610-00032831": "because that's the thing is like you", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00142-00032832-00033011": "know revenue is it's great when you have", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00143-00033012-00033118": "Revenue coming in but you've got to", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00144-00033119-00033257": "actually get paid for the work and", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00145-00033258-00033515": "sometimes you get paid like within a", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00146-00033516-00033731": "timely fashion sometimes you don't but", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00147-00033732-00033911": "that's often what bites people is not", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00148-00033912-00034181": "understanding understanding liquidity", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00149-00034182-00034337": "and cash flow", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00150-00034338-00034552": "but it's really interesting then so when", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00151-00034553-00034823": "you have say you the first time you did", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00152-00034824-00035062": "this say when you first generate some", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00153-00035063-00035333": "decent amount of of profit to reinvest", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00154-00035334-00035537": "where's the first place you can put it", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00155-00035538-00035837": "is it sales marketing or is it to me the", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00156-00035838-00036071": "first place well I'm a sales guy so it's", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00157-00036072-00036431": "kind of a loaded question for me so so I", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00158-00036432-00036718": "my first focus is always in sales and", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00159-00036719-00037037": "marketing so I mean look it depends on", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00160-00037038-00037181": "what type of business you have so for", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00161-00037182-00037367": "example in my payments businesses it was", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00162-00037368-00037624": "sales right now in my marketing business", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00163-00037625-00037811": "my performance marketing business it's", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00164-00037812-00038099": "in it's in marketing or you know media", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00165-00038100-00038399": "spend or or marketers or media buyers", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00166-00038400-00038543": "right so it just depends what type of", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00167-00038544-00038699": "business you have but sales and", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00168-00038700-00038927": "marketing could be interchangeable could", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00169-00038928-00039089": "not be depending on what business you're", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00170-00039090-00039215": "in", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00171-00039216-00039367": "foreign", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00172-00039368-00039737": "and then how do you um how do you ensure", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00173-00039738-00040055": "and how do you ensure that it's spent in", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00174-00040056-00040193": "the right places and in the right way", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00175-00040194-00040433": "because I feel like you could you could", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00176-00040434-00040618": "especially now there's so many options", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00177-00040619-00040865": "right and people you know we're like you", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00178-00040866-00040985": "know shining you towards what was", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00179-00040986-00041135": "popping over here and there how can you", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00180-00041136-00041302": "how do you make sure you spend it in the", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00181-00041303-00041483": "right place because I'm sure it's it's", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00182-00041484-00041729": "very easy to spend it in all the wrong", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00183-00041730-00041830": "places", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00184-00041831-00042040": "well John you know this you just said it", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00185-00042041-00042233": "you're going to make mistakes you're", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00186-00042234-00042479": "going to blow money but I would say test", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00187-00042480-00042695": "so I mean John I I think you're a", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00188-00042696-00042983": "marketer right so Nest test that's the", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00189-00042984-00043180": "uh that's the Golden Rule", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00190-00043181-00043390": "and try to test the least amount of", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00191-00043391-00043673": "money is possible so you know a tough", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00192-00043674-00043912": "testing on human beings is tough because", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00193-00043913-00044152": "you you're going to make a commitment in", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00194-00044153-00044327": "terms of salary but testing online", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00195-00044328-00044585": "marketing campaign strategies is you can", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00196-00044586-00044735": "do it on the cheap", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00197-00044736-00045011": "right so test test and and make sure you", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00198-00045012-00045280": "test as much as possible and diversify", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00199-00045281-00045473": "your testing across the board it's the", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00200-00045474-00045739": "best the best device I can give you", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00201-00045740-00046061": "yeah no absolutely I mean I totally", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00202-00046062-00046312": "agree I totally agree with that um and I", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00203-00046313-00046451": "think unfortunately I don't think people", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00204-00046452-00046661": "you know test things enough or Draw the", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00205-00046662-00046955": "right conclusions around them or uh", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00206-00046956-00047177": "sometimes you know we're very good at", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00207-00047178-00047368": "saying uh well you know there's there", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00208-00047369-00047615": "there is some impact from this but you", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00209-00047616-00047861": "know it's not direct so we're very good", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00210-00047862-00048058": "sometimes at fooling ourselves so I", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00211-00048059-00048257": "think the testing part is is critically", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00212-00048258-00048412": "important", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00213-00048413-00048707": "there you go so look often people will", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00214-00048708-00049030": "will and they'll have a hypothesis and", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00215-00049031-00049223": "they'll test something they'll continue", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00216-00049224-00049474": "to test and it's almost like the sunk", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00217-00049475-00049679": "cost fallacy you've heard that before", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00218-00049680-00049835": "that term is basically you make an", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00219-00049836-00050008": "investment you have an idea you have a", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00220-00050009-00050321": "thought and then you you want to prove", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00221-00050322-00050518": "that you're right so bad that you you", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00222-00050519-00050735": "know you you dump a tremendous amount of", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00223-00050736-00050879": "cash into something that's a failure", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00224-00050880-00051101": "from the beginning so don't have that", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00225-00051102-00051275": "sort of ego drop your ego look if", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00226-00051276-00051370": "something doesn't work it doesn't", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00227-00051371-00051538": "doesn't work your idea was terrible it", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00228-00051539-00051875": "was terrible move on", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00229-00051876-00052108": "yeah and and the and as you're correct", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00230-00052109-00052252": "and there's some constantly the money's", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00231-00052253-00052390": "gone you've done it like it's not coming", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00232-00052391-00052649": "back so you just have to be able to you", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00233-00052650-00052835": "know move on spit like it's a bit like", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00234-00052836-00052985": "going to Vegas isn't it you know you", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00235-00052986-00053159": "lost your money move on get in the plane", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00236-00053160-00054011": "go home do something sensible", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00237-00054012-00054335": "yeah yeah no not not so not so much um", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00238-00054336-00054503": "is there anything um Mark is there any", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00239-00054504-00054785": "are there any a new uh because I mean", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00240-00054786-00054941": "you're obviously on the Leading Edge of", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00241-00054941-00055187": "of all of these different Technologies", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00242-00055188-00055426": "and platforms and where to go where do", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00243-00055427-00055613": "you think the where do you think the", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00244-00055614-00056003": "opportunities are you know for for these", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00245-00056004-00056242": "new platforms or how do you make sure", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00246-00056244-00056530": "that you stick with the the areas that", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00247-00056532-00056692": "work for you as opposed to just jumping", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00248-00056694-00056938": "on everything that comes along", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00249-00056939-00057226": "well again it gets back to testing but", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00250-00057227-00057466": "right now what's what's hot it's really", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00251-00057467-00057599": "hot and it depends what industry you're", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00252-00057600-00057761": "in but for us Tick Tock right now", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00253-00057762-00058091": "represents 65 of our Revenue 64 of our", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00254-00058091-00058235": "Revenue", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00255-00058236-00058444": "um so using Tick Tock or testing Tick", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00256-00058445-00058637": "Tock at least would be I think it would", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00257-00058638-00058829": "behoove everybody again depends what", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00258-00058829-00059050": "what industry you're in if you're in a", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00259-00059051-00059261": "b2c business Tick Tock is your place if", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00260-00059262-00059447": "you're in B2B it might not necessarily", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00261-00059448-00059632": "be the place you know Google you", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00262-00059633-00059813": "mentioned Google AdWords before B2B", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00263-00059814-00060023": "might be Google might be your best bet", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00264-00060024-00060269": "so again it's it's testing out all the", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00265-00060270-00060491": "platforms and um you know fortunately", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00266-00060491-00060682": "for us we have we have that testing", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00267-00060683-00060899": "mentality and you know a couple of years", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00268-00060900-00061037": "back two and a half years ago and we had", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00269-00061038-00061180": "a problem with Facebook which people", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00270-00061182-00061511": "often do uh lucky we were we you know we", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00271-00061512-00061709": "were our Tick Tock was there for us to", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00272-00061710-00061937": "test it and you know take full advantage", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00273-00061938-00062219": "of the platform so again I hate to be a", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00274-00062220-00062591": "beat a dead horse but test test again", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00275-00062591-00062825": "yeah and and obviously the other part as", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00276-00062826-00063004": "you said is like make sure you", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00277-00063005-00063275": "understand where your customers are", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00278-00063276-00063641": "um as I said in B2B they may may be on", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00279-00063641-00063832": "Tick Tock but they may likely be", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00280-00063833-00064037": "somewhere else or who knows but it's", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00281-00064038-00064216": "it's worth it's worth checking and it's", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00282-00064217-00064361": "worth trying and probably one of the", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00283-00064362-00064625": "simplest thing is is to talk to existing", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00284-00064626-00064937": "customers and understand which of these", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00285-00064938-00065200": "platforms they tend to uh tend to", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00286-00065201-00065315": "inhabit", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00287-00065316-00065573": "absolutely that's an excellent point so", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00288-00065574-00065711": "do your own market research you know", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00289-00065712-00065897": "reach out to your own database and find", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00290-00065898-00066029": "out where they're hanging out that's a", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00291-00066030-00066131": "great point", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00292-00066132-00066365": "yeah yeah absolutely", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00293-00066366-00066550": "um what are some what are some of the uh", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00294-00066551-00066809": "what are some of the pitfalls to avoid", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00295-00066810-00067037": "um because I mean obviously focusing 100", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00296-00067038-00067276": "on sales like you're Blitz scaling on", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00297-00067277-00067600": "Revenue so Revenue generating activities", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00298-00067601-00067805": "um are there any pitfalls or mistakes", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00299-00067806-00068111": "that you can help people avoid", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00300-00068112-00068447": "well you are first of all you're going", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00301-00068448-00068609": "to make mistakes in in the hiring", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00302-00068610-00068867": "process right so you will hire the wrong", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00303-00068868-00069029": "people", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00304-00069030-00069281": "um so here's here's a good one so an", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00305-00069282-00069491": "excellent mistake to try to avoid is is", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00306-00069492-00069671": "hiring too quickly", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00307-00069672-00069863": "so you know you want to grow you want to", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00308-00069864-00070055": "grow so fast and so bad that you know", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00309-00070056-00070265": "again you mentioned this shiny object so", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00310-00070266-00070385": "the first person that walks through your", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00311-00070386-00070517": "door you're going to jump on it higher", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00312-00070518-00070655": "well you don't want to do that you want", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00313-00070656-00070769": "to make sure you go through a long", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00314-00070770-00070967": "process the interview process is key", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00315-00070968-00071219": "asking the right questions I mean we've", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00316-00071220-00071405": "made that mistake a thousand times where", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00317-00071406-00071650": "actually the first media buyer we ever", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00318-00071651-00071800": "hired was the first person we", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00319-00071801-00072113": "interviewed and it was disaster so so", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00320-00072114-00072311": "again interview process make it a", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00321-00072312-00072515": "lengthy process", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00322-00072516-00072688": "um don't get too excited on any one", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00323-00072689-00072923": "individual if you have a position that", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00324-00072924-00073115": "needs to be filled interview three four", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00325-00073116-00073288": "five different people for that for that", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00326-00073289-00073594": "position uh and fire quickly that's", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00327-00073595-00073853": "another one so higher slowly and fire", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00328-00073854-00074069": "quickly if you know you made the mistake", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00329-00074070-00074350": "you have to make the move and and fire", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00330-00074351-00074519": "that person I mean I've done that I've", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00331-00074520-00074671": "had to do that many times it's not easy", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00332-00074672-00075076": "it's not it's not fun but uh you know it", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00333-00075077-00075275": "has to be done it just has to be done", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00334-00075276-00075581": "yeah and I think it's a I I think it's", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00335-00075582-00075797": "uh was Peter Drucker maybe he said that", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00336-00075798-00076097": "was the one mistake", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00337-00076098-00076276": "um that many", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00338-00076277-00076450": "um Executives and high-level Executives", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00339-00076451-00076673": "made was the", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00340-00076674-00076853": "um it's not hiring the wrong person we", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00341-00076854-00077032": "all do that it's keeping them too long", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00342-00077033-00077279": "so to your point is is admitting your", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00343-00077280-00077459": "mistake realizing it's not working it's", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00344-00077460-00077591": "not working for the other person either", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00345-00077592-00077909": "so um getting out of it as as quickly as", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00346-00077910-00078106": "possible but I do think we we do live in", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00347-00078107-00078359": "we do live in that kind of culture here", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00348-00078360-00078550": "of it's all about throwing bodies at", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00349-00078551-00078850": "things rather than figuring out as you", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00350-00078851-00078982": "say like figuring out the position", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00351-00078983-00079199": "figuring out how to make it as efficient", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00352-00079200-00079421": "as possible and then hiring taking your", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00353-00079422-00079709": "time to hire the correct person for that", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00354-00079710-00080003": "job we just tend to uh as a culture just", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00355-00080004-00080287": "throw bodies at things", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00356-00080288-00080555": "well we've done that and and you know", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00357-00080556-00080794": "like we're uh discussing here that's a", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00358-00080795-00081035": "mistake and you can throw all the", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00359-00081036-00081221": "buddies that you you want at a certain", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00360-00081222-00081376": "problem but if they're the wrong bodies", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00361-00081377-00081497": "then you're gonna have a you know you're", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00362-00081498-00081749": "gonna be in trouble so I would take my", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00363-00081750-00081994": "time I mean again we made the mistake so", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00364-00081995-00082235": "we're trying to uh to save the people", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00365-00082236-00082397": "listening to this the same mistake that", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00366-00082398-00082625": "we made so take your time hire properly", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00367-00082626-00082906": "have the interview process be lengthy", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00368-00082907-00083188": "and you know instead of 20 questions why", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00369-00083189-00083338": "don't you make it 50 questions then", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00370-00083339-00083573": "instead of not doing instead of not", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00371-00083574-00083794": "calling references call five references", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00372-00083795-00084011": "right so there's many many tips and", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00373-00084012-00084149": "tricks that you can do on the hiring", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00374-00084150-00084293": "process and actually here's a pretty", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00375-00084294-00084503": "good tip for you uh there's a book", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00376-00084504-00084743": "called the winning by Jack Welch I know", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00377-00084744-00085037": "he's uh he's a Gray beard to the Gen Z", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00378-00085038-00085288": "but I think he's one of probably most", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00379-00085289-00085541": "intelligent CEOs ever to live and if you", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00380-00085542-00085781": "take that book winning and you break it", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00381-00085782-00085991": "down you know from the hiring process to", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00382-00085992-00086237": "the managing process that's almost my", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00383-00086238-00086453": "Bible that's how I've run you know run", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00384-00086454-00086626": "my companies by using that as a", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00385-00086627-00086938": "benchmark so winning Jack Welch", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00386-00086939-00087125": "yeah and to be honest I use one of his", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00387-00087126-00087347": "codes constantly like both in personal", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00388-00087348-00087521": "and professional life and that is like", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00389-00087522-00087755": "face reality as it is not as it was or", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00390-00087756-00088097": "as or how you would like it to be and uh", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00391-00088098-00088241": "you know I always think that's a that's", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00392-00088242-00088462": "such a a great quote because you know we", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00393-00088463-00088637": "love to like uh look back or look", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00394-00088638-00088925": "forward because the future or rather the", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00395-00088926-00089081": "present isn't working out the way we", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00396-00089082-00089297": "want it so we just kind of ignore it I", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00397-00089298-00089518": "think you had to Face Reality", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00398-00089519-00089656": "um but but the point interesting point", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00399-00089657-00089825": "though you say about that uh whole", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00400-00089826-00089975": "interviewing and hiring process because", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00401-00089976-00090238": "let's face it in in most organizations", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00402-00090239-00090467": "we just everybody kind of hates the", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00403-00090468-00090617": "hiring process so they try to get it", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00404-00090618-00090791": "over with as quickly as possible it's", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00405-00090792-00091061": "almost instinctively included do the", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00406-00091062-00091475": "wrong thing", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00407-00091476-00091768": "yeah so yes sorry I cut you off but the", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00408-00091769-00091961": "question was I think we instinctively", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00409-00091962-00092218": "hate the hiring process yeah so we don't", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00410-00092219-00092344": "want to go through it and we want to get", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00411-00092345-00092518": "it done we want to get it over quickly", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00412-00092519-00092765": "and I'm the same way I get that you know", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00413-00092766-00092915": "when I have to be the you know the", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00414-00092916-00093029": "beginning of any business when you're", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00415-00093030-00093215": "building it you have to be head of HR", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00416-00093216-00093425": "you know head of uh legal ahead of", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00417-00093426-00093629": "everything and you know you basically", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00418-00093630-00093821": "have to hire everybody so get over that", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00419-00093822-00094150": "that distaste for hiring and just jump", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00420-00094151-00094421": "into it so anyway go ahead John you had", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00421-00094422-00094553": "a question no it's going to say there's", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00422-00094554-00094703": "there's another I think there's another", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00423-00094704-00094938": "Pitfall that sometimes people fall into", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00424-00094939-00095375": "is is when they go they say okay I need", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00425-00095376-00095585": "to hire somebody there's all these", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00426-00095586-00095705": "things that need to be taken care of", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00427-00095706-00095855": "that I can't and they start to put", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00428-00095856-00096221": "together this kind of composite job of", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00429-00096222-00096412": "all these bits and it doesn't have a", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00430-00096413-00096593": "proper focus and it's not really set up", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00431-00096594-00096815": "properly for for success and I think", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00432-00096816-00097018": "that's the other part is you really need", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00433-00097019-00097379": "to Define really specifically what the", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00434-00097380-00097535": "job is what they're going to do how", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00435-00097536-00097679": "they're going to how they're going to", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00436-00097680-00097871": "contribute because otherwise you get a", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00437-00097872-00098112": "lot of these kind of strange hybrid", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00438-00098113-00098417": "roles that people you know are hired for", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00439-00098418-00098735": "and it's set up for lack of success for", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00440-00098736-00099047": "set up for failure for both sides uh", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00441-00099048-00099262": "I'll actually answer that two ways I'll", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00442-00099263-00099521": "say yes and I'll say no uh I agree with", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00443-00099522-00099665": "you and I don't agree in the beginning", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00444-00099666-00099929": "you have to hire jack of all trades", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00445-00099930-00100193": "right so for example when we are hiring", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00446-00100194-00100403": "for media buyers we hired people that", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00447-00100404-00100661": "had sort of a roundabout", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00448-00100662-00100937": "um kind of because we knew we knew that", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00449-00100938-00101147": "the people might not succeed as media", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00450-00101148-00101344": "buyers but they could take on a an", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00451-00101345-00101597": "operations role and that happened a lot", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00452-00101598-00101855": "of time so in the beginning yes but as", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00453-00101856-00102100": "you as you mature as a company sorry in", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00454-00102101-00102323": "the beginning no you wanna maybe hire", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00455-00102324-00102580": "generalists unless you know you're in", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00456-00102581-00102730": "the sales game John you're in the sales", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00457-00102731-00102875": "game you understand that A salesperson", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00458-00102876-00103090": "is a sales person is a sales person but", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00459-00103091-00103354": "it you know so you can outside of sales", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00460-00103355-00103534": "you can hire generalists but as the", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00461-00103535-00103756": "company matures you want to laser so I", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00462-00103757-00103936": "agree with you a thousand percent that", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00463-00103938-00104110": "you want to laser target the right", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00464-00104111-00104327": "person with the right skill sets that", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00465-00104328-00104644": "has a a clearly defined role so in that", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00466-00104645-00104789": "sense yes I agree with you a thousand", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00467-00104790-00104873": "percent", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00468-00104874-00105107": "yeah and obviously as part of that is to", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00469-00105108-00105269": "find the job properly and all of that", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00470-00105270-00105581": "good stuff again things that we love to", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00471-00105582-00105977": "not do uh and let's face it mean most", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00472-00105978-00106175": "comfortable hiring it's like oh we're", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00473-00106176-00106390": "gonna hire for exposition here go do a", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00474-00106391-00106528": "search on the internet find a job", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00475-00106529-00106702": "description that fits that and we'll", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00476-00106703-00106943": "just modify it and I think there that's", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00477-00106944-00107123": "where you start to fall into problems", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00478-00107124-00107308": "because you're hiring from somebody", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00479-00107309-00107495": "else's who probably copied that from", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00480-00107496-00107669": "somebody else too as opposed to really", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00481-00107670-00107945": "focusing on what you want the person to", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00482-00107946-00108166": "be able to do and you're really uh", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00483-00108167-00108340": "finding everything all the mistakes that", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00484-00108341-00108623": "I made John yeah", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00485-00108624-00108845": "that all the mistakes you made me know", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00486-00108846-00108958": "all the things that I've done myself", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00487-00108959-00109240": "yeah I mean to your point I mean I do", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00488-00109241-00109558": "think that hiring is is one of the", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00489-00109559-00109840": "hardest things and um and especially if", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00490-00109841-00110033": "you're hiring for sales that's like even", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00491-00110033-00110254": "one even more hard", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00492-00110255-00110345": "um", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00493-00110346-00110536": "but we don't you know it's hard and we", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00494-00110538-00110789": "know it's hard but we avoid putting the", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00495-00110790-00110927": "effort in and I think that's the big", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00496-00110928-00111125": "Point here is that you know the more", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00497-00111126-00111328": "focus and effort you put into the hiring", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00498-00111329-00111569": "the better you'll be in the long run", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00499-00111570-00111904": "absolutely agree to 100 so thank you for", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00500-00111905-00112228": "bringing that point up perfect well um", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00501-00112229-00112373": "listen Mark what's the last piece of", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00502-00112374-00112558": "advice you would have to anybody who", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00503-00112559-00112804": "maybe is uh maybe they're stagnating a", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00504-00112805-00112936": "little bit in their in their growth", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00505-00112938-00113123": "maybe things aren't working out the way", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00506-00113124-00113278": "they would like it what what's one thing", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00507-00113279-00113471": "you would say to them to get their", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00508-00113472-00113728": "business kick started", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00509-00113729-00114047": "okay well do they have mentors do they", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00510-00114048-00114251": "have are they what's their circle of", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00511-00114252-00114419": "influence look like so for example who's", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00512-00114420-00114586": "on your speed dial who are you going to", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00513-00114588-00114701": "call you have a problem in your business", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00514-00114702-00114851": "you're stagnating who are you going to", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00515-00114852-00114958": "call are you going to call the person", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00516-00114959-00115181": "that you know has", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00517-00115182-00115366": "you know doesn't have a business at all", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00518-00115367-00115678": "or or you know has a stagnating business", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00519-00115679-00115871": "themselves what does your Rolodex look", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00520-00115872-00116033": "like if it if it's filled with people", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00521-00116033-00116278": "that are movers and shakers and people", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00522-00116279-00116434": "that are you know can give you great", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00523-00116435-00116621": "advice then you know you can get", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00524-00116622-00116783": "kick-started again are you going to", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00525-00116783-00116957": "events are you surrounding yourself with", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00526-00116958-00117166": "people that are that are crushing it", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00527-00117167-00117328": "that are moving and shaking and if", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00528-00117329-00117484": "you're not that's why you're you're", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00529-00117485-00117713": "stagnating so it's a lot to do with", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00530-00117714-00117947": "these your circle of influence the", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00531-00117948-00118102": "people you hang around with you know Jim", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00532-00118103-00118325": "rohn's famous quote you're you are the", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00533-00118326-00118475": "aggregate or the average of the five", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00534-00118476-00118678": "people you hang around with", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00535-00118679-00118907": "um so those are the key factors so you", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00536-00118908-00119027": "know change your circle if you're", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00537-00119028-00119195": "stagnating change the people your", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00538-00119196-00119549": "confidants get a mentor and go to events", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00539-00119550-00119875": "go to uh trade shows marketing shows", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00540-00119876-00120131": "conferences so all those you know those", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00541-00120132-00120347": "three simple things can literally turn", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00542-00120348-00120557": "your business around quickly", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00543-00120558-00120778": "yeah no that's fantastic advice Market", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00544-00120779-00120958": "really uh particularly I love them the", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00545-00120959-00121157": "mentor piece and making sure that you're", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00546-00121158-00121313": "surrounded by the right people because", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00547-00121314-00121583": "you know let's face it uh best best", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00548-00121583-00121769": "people to learn from other people who", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00549-00121770-00121949": "have already been there done that and uh", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00550-00121950-00122147": "you know can can help you out well", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00551-00122148-00122278": "listen Mark this has been fantastic all", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00552-00122279-00122416": "the Market's information is going to be", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00553-00122417-00122615": "below this video but before we go please", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00554-00122616-00122765": "do tell people a little bit more about", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00555-00122766-00122951": "you and what you do", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00556-00122952-00123233": "okay well like you said originally I'm", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00557-00123233-00123473": "the author of The Lucky formula how to", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00558-00123474-00123640": "stack the odds in your favor and cash in", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00559-00123641-00123802": "and success", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00560-00123803-00123971": "um I'd like to give your uh your", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00561-00123972-00124193": "listeners a gift actually it's the lucky", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00562-00124194-00124481": "quiz and so it's basically an assessment", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00563-00124482-00124757": "that scores your your ability to attract", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00564-00124758-00124973": "luck or to be successful on a scale of", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00565-00124974-00125290": "zero to a hundred so that's uh so you're", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00566-00125291-00125502": "gonna go to the lucky", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00567-00125503-00125801": "formula.com slash quiz", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00568-00125802-00126149": "again the lucky formula.com quiz and", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00569-00126150-00126334": "John I expect you to take the quiz I", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00570-00126335-00126460": "want to know your score", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00571-00126461-00126683": "and uh I'm really excited to see it I", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00572-00126683-00126808": "think it's gonna be pretty high John I", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00573-00126809-00127163": "get that feeling no pressure", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00574-00127164-00127336": "I'll have to take it anonymously first", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00575-00127338-00127510": "or with some other email just in case I", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00576-00127511-00127795": "screw it up completely there you go", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00577-00127796-00128033": "well listen thanks again mark thank you", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00578-00128033-00128195": "for watching and listening and I'll see", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00579-00128196-00128386": "you all again soon", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00580-00128388-00128494": "thank you John", "EAkRNoIxTnY-00581-00128495-00129733": "[Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "EAlWuVnc_n4", "text": {"EAlWuVnc_n4-00000-00000000-00000257": "the easiest gentian impact achievement", "EAlWuVnc_n4-00001-00000258-00000634": "part 6 cook 10 suspicious food of the", "EAlWuVnc_n4-00002-00000635-00001439": "same type", "EAlWuVnc_n4-00003-00001440-00001850": "subscribe for part 7."}}, {"audio_id": "EAqddYTyYYI", "text": {"EAqddYTyYYI-00000-00000173-00000423": "[Music]", "EAqddYTyYYI-00001-00000424-00000632": "[Applause]", "EAqddYTyYYI-00002-00000633-00001298": "[Music]", "EAqddYTyYYI-00003-00001299-00002431": "[Music]", "EAqddYTyYYI-00004-00002432-00002780": "now we lay"}}, {"audio_id": "EAJeRNq0Rac", "text": {"EAJeRNq0Rac-00000-00000074-00000401": "mxgp the official motocross video game", "EAJeRNq0Rac-00001-00000401-00000605": "as a racing video game developed and", "EAJeRNq0Rac-00002-00000606-00000857": "published by milestone the game was", "EAJeRNq0Rac-00003-00000858-00001037": "released worldwide on the 18th of", "EAJeRNq0Rac-00004-00001038-00001303": "November 2014 for Microsoft Windows", "EAJeRNq0Rac-00005-00001304-00001558": "PlayStation 3 PlayStation 4 PlayStation", "EAJeRNq0Rac-00006-00001559-00001907": "Vita and Xbox 360 the game is based on", "EAJeRNq0Rac-00007-00001907-00002143": "the 2014 FIM Motocross World", "EAJeRNq0Rac-00008-00002144-00002381": "Championship and includes 18 tracks", "EAJeRNq0Rac-00009-00002382-00002675": "including Arco Trentino sevlie AVO and", "EAJeRNq0Rac-00010-00002676-00002887": "loken and features deformable terrain", "EAJeRNq0Rac-00011-00002888-00003104": "the third installment in the series", "EAJeRNq0Rac-00012-00003105-00003449": "titled mxgp 3 was released on May 12", "EAJeRNq0Rac-00013-00003450-00003785": "2017 for Microsoft Windows PlayStation 4", "EAJeRNq0Rac-00014-00003786-00004097": "and Xbox one it was released in November", "EAJeRNq0Rac-00015-00004098-00004401": "2017 for Nintendo switch", "EAJeRNq0Rac-00016-00004402-00004788": "equals equals reception"}}, {"audio_id": "EAKtFcURQuI", "text": {"EAKtFcURQuI-00000-00000128-00000262": "hey coming up on twin cities live we're", "EAKtFcURQuI-00001-00000263-00000383": "going to get outside and do a little", "EAKtFcURQuI-00002-00000384-00000623": "science in the parking lot but now it's", "EAKtFcURQuI-00003-00000624-00000774": "time for our hot car of the week with", "EAKtFcURQuI-00004-00000775-00001143": "richard over at white bear mitsubishi", "EAKtFcURQuI-00005-00001144-00001295": "hey tcr's this is richard from wiper", "EAKtFcURQuI-00006-00001296-00001415": "mitsubishi in the barrel of", "EAKtFcURQuI-00007-00001416-00001582": "mountainsview we're here because we have", "EAKtFcURQuI-00008-00001583-00001767": "more than 300 new and certified", "EAKtFcURQuI-00009-00001768-00001918": "pre-owned vehicles with our free", "EAKtFcURQuI-00010-00001919-00002095": "lifetime warranty and ben's going to", "EAKtFcURQuI-00011-00002096-00002310": "talk to you about two great examples ben", "EAKtFcURQuI-00012-00002311-00002463": "thanks a lot richard and these two great", "EAKtFcURQuI-00013-00002464-00002623": "vehicles are available at the bear lot", "EAKtFcURQuI-00014-00002624-00002791": "man's view in whitebeard mitsubishi this", "EAKtFcURQuI-00015-00002792-00003055": "is a 2016 jeep renegade with backup", "EAKtFcURQuI-00016-00003056-00003222": "camera power accessories and it's", "EAKtFcURQuI-00017-00003223-00003470": "available for zero down and 339 a month", "EAKtFcURQuI-00018-00003471-00003719": "and this is a 2019 chevrolet spark it's", "EAKtFcURQuI-00019-00003720-00003935": "an lt model with backup camera power", "EAKtFcURQuI-00020-00003936-00004095": "windows power door locks and that's", "EAKtFcURQuI-00021-00004096-00004319": "available for zero down and 249 a month", "EAKtFcURQuI-00022-00004320-00004463": "and both of these great vehicles come", "EAKtFcURQuI-00023-00004464-00004631": "with our lifetime power train warranty", "EAKtFcURQuI-00024-00004632-00004799": "at no charge and if you're in the market", "EAKtFcURQuI-00025-00004800-00004951": "for a new vehicle we have brand new", "EAKtFcURQuI-00026-00004952-00005151": "mitsubishi suvs the all new outlander", "EAKtFcURQuI-00027-00005152-00005327": "and the eclipse cross starting at just", "EAKtFcURQuI-00028-00005328-00005535": "2.99 a month looking for a certified", "EAKtFcURQuI-00029-00005536-00005647": "pre-owned vehicle check out the", "EAKtFcURQuI-00030-00005648-00005815": "mitsubishi barrage we have them starting", "EAKtFcURQuI-00031-00005816-00006022": "at just 199 a month and if you're in the", "EAKtFcURQuI-00032-00006023-00006159": "market for a hybrid check out the", "EAKtFcURQuI-00033-00006160-00006542": "outlander phev 74 mpge and if you're an", "EAKtFcURQuI-00034-00006543-00006719": "excel energy customer combine it with", "EAKtFcURQuI-00035-00006720-00006895": "the federal tax rebate and you can save", "EAKtFcURQuI-00036-00006895-00007214": "over 9 500 we have two great locations", "EAKtFcURQuI-00037-00007215-00007398": "to serve you wiper mitsubishi and the", "EAKtFcURQuI-00038-00007400-00007559": "bear lawton mountains view wiper", "EAKtFcURQuI-00039-00007559-00007727": "mitsubishi's just one mile north of", "EAKtFcURQuI-00040-00007728-00007942": "highway 694 in highway 61 in white bear", "EAKtFcURQuI-00041-00007943-00008187": "lake or check out our two great websites", "EAKtFcURQuI-00042-00008188-00008628": "wipermitsubishi.com and theberlot.com"}}, {"audio_id": "EAKVuhyNBnQ", "text": {"EAKVuhyNBnQ-00000-00000000-00000250": "the um some of the things I wish I had", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00001-00000252-00000430": "known when I first started when I first", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00002-00000431-00000676": "started investing uh some quick", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00003-00000677-00001235": "background", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00004-00001236-00001415": "um yeah I've started and sold three", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00005-00001416-00001655": "internet companies I'm now working on my", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00006-00001655-00001829": "fourth startup", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00007-00001830-00002014": "um I'm an investor uh and an", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00008-00002016-00002110": "entrepreneur", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00009-00002111-00002260": "so I've been on both sides of the table", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00010-00002261-00002549": "uh over the years I've invested in over", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00011-00002550-00002915": "100 startups and um 25 in the last two", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00012-00002916-00003179": "years so uh on average I do about one a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00013-00003180-00003245": "month", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00014-00003246-00003611": "and I've had uh 20 plus exits uh in", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00015-00003611-00003935": "total since I first started investing", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00016-00003936-00004163": "most of the data I'm going to share is a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00017-00004164-00004427": "data that I've data from my investments", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00018-00004428-00004804": "up until 2018.", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00019-00004805-00005183": "um for the last three since 2018 most of", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00020-00005184-00005291": "them are still", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00021-00005292-00005452": "um many of the most of them are still in", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00022-00005453-00005668": "play and many of them are still the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00023-00005669-00005938": "markups are still um on paper so I'm not", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00024-00005939-00006610": "really diving into those Investments", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00025-00006611-00006928": "so sectors that I invest in uh there's", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00026-00006929-00007241": "there's AI in deep Tech", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00027-00007242-00007498": "um blockchain", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00028-00007500-00007846": "um so I pretty much invest in", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00029-00007847-00008146": "in sectors in all over the place", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00030-00008147-00008374": "um and I tend to be quite I tend to be", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00031-00008375-00008783": "quite sector agnostic", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00032-00008784-00008957": "so some of the some of the exits I've", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00033-00008958-00009095": "had over the years", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00034-00009096-00009341": "um my the best investment by far has", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00035-00009342-00009533": "been a cryptocurrency company called", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00036-00009534-00009689": "Ripple", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00037-00009690-00009946": "um so that was a 150x return then these", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00038-00009947-00010145": "are all uh returns in cash", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00039-00010146-00010427": "and I'll be diving into many of them in", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00040-00010428-00010678": "more detail in terms of some of the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00041-00010679-00010877": "lessons learned from these from these", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00042-00010878-00011099": "Investments and I'll also be covering a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00043-00011100-00011410": "few of my misses uh some uh or my", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00044-00011411-00011674": "anti-portfolio companies I wish I had", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00045-00011675-00011921": "invested in and what sort of what", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00046-00011922-00012437": "lessons I've learned from that", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00047-00012438-00012701": "so typical investment size", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00048-00012702-00013013": "um this is in US Dollars between 50 000", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00049-00013013-00013253": "and 100 000 uh this is my own Capital", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00050-00013254-00013480": "that I invest so I'm not investing", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00051-00013481-00013721": "through a fund or through a Syndicate I", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00052-00013722-00013961": "invest directly in startups", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00053-00013962-00014321": "uh pre-seed and and Seed stage", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00054-00014322-00014621": "um so most of them are very early most", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00055-00014622-00014891": "of them are uh pre-product or they may", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00056-00014891-00015149": "have some sort of a early early version", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00057-00015150-00015527": "or beta and um and many of them are uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00058-00015528-00015785": "and almost all of them are pre-revenue", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00059-00015786-00016091": "so uh come in come in really early", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00060-00016091-00016391": "um I love being the um the first check", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00061-00016392-00016535": "in", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00062-00016536-00016865": "um and um yeah I", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00063-00016866-00017080": "um some of the Investments I'm most", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00064-00017081-00017380": "proud of are where I was the uh where I", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00065-00017381-00017579": "was the first investor", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00066-00017580-00017722": "um yeah something I learned as an", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00067-00017723-00017879": "entrepreneur is most it's a little", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00068-00017880-00018107": "easier once you have the initial", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00069-00018108-00018407": "investor on board or initial commitment", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00070-00018408-00018730": "then it becomes a lot easier to uh to", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00071-00018731-00018941": "close around uh very few investors", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00072-00018942-00019163": "typically want to be the first one most", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00073-00019164-00019355": "investors like to see it as a bit of a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00074-00019356-00019505": "moving train you know they want to be", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00075-00019506-00019685": "the last one before you'll catch the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00076-00019686-00019997": "trade not many have the courage and", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00077-00019998-00020297": "conviction unfortunately to uh to commit", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00078-00020298-00020464": "early especially if you're a first-time", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00079-00020465-00020849": "entrepreneur so I love uh if I uh when I", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00080-00020850-00021011": "find a deal that I'm that where I have", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00081-00021012-00021233": "high conviction I love to be the first", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00082-00021234-00021491": "investor on board", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00083-00021492-00021785": "any any it's a small group so I can you", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00084-00021786-00022043": "know tailor my tailor it a little more", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00085-00022044-00022319": "uh any is the speed okay is so any", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00086-00022320-00022525": "questions so far", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00087-00022526-00022841": "you're doing those initial Investments", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00088-00022842-00022978": "like that and you like to be the first", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00089-00022979-00023219": "on board do you let other people invest", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00090-00023220-00023441": "alongside you with that initial yeah", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00091-00023442-00023650": "yeah very good question yeah so so", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00092-00023651-00023933": "typically so these uh so I don't lead uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00093-00023934-00024143": "investment I don't and not anymore uh I", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00094-00024144-00024305": "don't lead investment rounds so", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00095-00024306-00024539": "typically it's um so these are", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00096-00024540-00024797": "relatively small Investments so 50k to", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00097-00024798-00024899": "100K", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00098-00024900-00025157": "in done most of my recent Investments", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00099-00025158-00025403": "have been in the UK the typical size of", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00100-00025404-00025618": "a seed round is about half a million", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00101-00025619-00025787": "pounds about six hundred thousand", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00102-00025788-00026020": "dollars or so so it's a small part of a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00103-00026022-00026345": "seed round uh so I typically uh the way", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00104-00026345-00026590": "it works is as a lead investor who has", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00105-00026591-00026914": "negotiated terms and I'm coming in for a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00106-00026916-00027124": "part of the round", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00107-00027125-00027383": "um I used to do more I've done some lead", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00108-00027383-00027502": "investing", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00109-00027504-00027677": "um but I don't uh don't do that anymore", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00110-00027677-00027940": "I've just found it to be very very time", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00111-00027941-00028174": "consuming to do it properly so typically", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00112-00028175-00028540": "I um I come in as as a part of a round", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00113-00028541-00028835": "so 50k to 100K is usually you know if", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00114-00028836-00029201": "it's um 500k round it's about five", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00115-00029202-00029477": "percent of 150k investment would be 10", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00116-00029477-00030173": "of the round", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00117-00030174-00030358": "where do I invest", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00118-00030360-00030640": "um I've done 80 so I was based in the US", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00119-00030641-00030845": "I went to University in the US and I was", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00120-00030845-00031114": "based in the US for about 25 years", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00121-00031116-00031349": "so uh most of my initial investing was", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00122-00031350-00031583": "in the US and about five years ago I", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00123-00031583-00031918": "moved to the UK and uh more many of my", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00124-00031919-00032099": "more recent Investments have been in the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00125-00032100-00032231": "UK", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00126-00032232-00032393": "um the rest have been the rest have been", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00127-00032394-00032627": "all over yet to make my first investment", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00128-00032627-00032879": "in New Zealand but I'm going to be in uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00129-00032880-00033083": "in New Zealand with my family for a few", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00130-00033084-00033335": "months I'm moving actually moving there", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00131-00033336-00033593": "next week so very excited about seeing", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00132-00033594-00033724": "some good deals in New Zealand and", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00133-00033725-00034037": "making some investments in New Zealand", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00134-00034038-00034462": "um yeah it's uh uh I have I tend to", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00135-00034463-00034799": "um I tend to invest I like to invest in", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00136-00034800-00035062": "um in the in the location where I am so", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00137-00035063-00035212": "when I was in the US I would do most of", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00138-00035213-00035362": "my investments when I was in San", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00139-00035363-00035561": "Francisco I did most of my investments", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00140-00035562-00035968": "in in the Bay Area uh and um in the UK", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00141-00035969-00036161": "I've been based in London and I've been", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00142-00036162-00036340": "doing most of my investments", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00143-00036341-00036701": "um uh in in the UK now I I tend to like", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00144-00036702-00036857": "to um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00145-00036858-00037090": "meet with entrepreneurs in person and", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00146-00037091-00037301": "connect with the founders", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00147-00037302-00037409": "um so", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00148-00037410-00037621": "um which is why I prefer to do", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00149-00037622-00037852": "investments in the area where I'm based", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00150-00037853-00038027": "at the time I've sort of traveled all", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00151-00038028-00038357": "over so uh whenever I'm based although a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00152-00038358-00038518": "few of these other companies I'm talking", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00153-00038519-00038668": "about have been", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00154-00038669-00038890": "um I met the founders on trips to these", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00155-00038891-00039046": "countries except for the South Korean", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00156-00039047-00039365": "one where I met the founder in the UK", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00157-00039366-00039545": "very much have you found that that will", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00158-00039546-00039743": "change much now you know how covert's", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00159-00039744-00039965": "made more people", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00160-00039966-00040259": "um make investments online yeah yeah so", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00161-00040260-00040468": "I didn't so I was uh during covet of", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00162-00040469-00040679": "course I made more all uh most of my all", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00163-00040680-00040889": "my investments were made online", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00164-00040890-00041074": "um something I noticed", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00165-00041075-00041471": "um in London this uh uh started about a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00166-00041472-00041729": "year ago in in many of the deals that", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00167-00041730-00041921": "were competitive", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00168-00041922-00042209": "um investors who were actually present", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00169-00042210-00042418": "had a had a big competitive Advantage", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00170-00042419-00042761": "because the um you know people are just", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00171-00042762-00042989": "Keen both the founders and other", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00172-00042990-00043205": "investors who share deals we're just", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00173-00043206-00043529": "more keen on uh interacting in person as", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00174-00043530-00043762": "sort of a reaction to Kobe right similar", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00175-00043763-00043877": "to what's happening from some of the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00176-00043878-00044135": "work from home stuff many uh many", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00177-00044136-00044321": "employers now are moving now going", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00178-00044322-00044645": "hybrid or going back to the office so I", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00179-00044646-00044861": "found something similar happening with", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00180-00044862-00045101": "uh especially with competitive deals uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00181-00045102-00045305": "although during covet I think many", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00182-00045306-00045617": "U.S investor many U.S investors", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00183-00045618-00045887": "um us were investing directly in in", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00184-00045888-00046205": "startups in London uh and as a result", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00185-00046206-00046421": "the valuations in the UK also went up a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00186-00046422-00046618": "lot because many uh many startups of", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00187-00046619-00046805": "getting Investments directly from funds", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00188-00046806-00047177": "and investors uh from the US", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00189-00047178-00047524": "yeah so uh I uh that's my I I was there", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00190-00047525-00047746": "was also maybe it's also part of it is a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00191-00047747-00047849": "little uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00192-00047850-00048011": "was a little fatigue which is doing it", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00193-00048012-00048190": "online he just wanted to interact with", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00194-00048191-00048485": "people in person so uh but I've always", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00195-00048486-00048695": "had a preference to meet the to meet the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00196-00048696-00049330": "founders in person", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00197-00049331-00049702": "so in terms of uh how I've done so far", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00198-00049703-00049774": "um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00199-00049775-00049955": "so what about 40 percent of my", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00200-00049956-00050333": "investments I get uh I get zero back", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00201-00050334-00050608": "um thirty percent it's close to my money", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00202-00050609-00050873": "back so some anywhere from point you", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00203-00050874-00051257": "know it's 0.7.8 X to about 1.2 x", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00204-00051258-00051442": "that is the other 30 that makes it", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00205-00051444-00051592": "really interesting from a financial", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00206-00051594-00051899": "standpoint anywhere from uh three three", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00207-00051900-00052313": "x uh to 100x", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00208-00052314-00052666": "and off that off the off that 30 you'll", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00209-00052667-00052769": "see it's", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00210-00052770-00053044": "um about maybe one to two percent I mean", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00211-00053045-00053332": "of the about uh one to two percent of", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00212-00053333-00053585": "the total is going to be 100 x", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00213-00053586-00053903": "so it's uh you have to", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00214-00053904-00054149": "um it's a very very small percentage of", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00215-00054150-00054365": "your Investments that actually give you", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00216-00054366-00054563": "a good return When with Angel Investing", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00217-00054564-00054838": "it's really it's really really difficult", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00218-00054839-00055326": "foreign", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00219-00055327-00055565": "go into a few", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00220-00055566-00055841": "um a few uh Investments that I that some", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00221-00055841-00056104": "highlights investments from where", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00222-00056105-00056261": "um where which have been good", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00223-00056262-00056482": "financially and from which I also", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00224-00056483-00056842": "learned some valuable lessons so one of", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00225-00056844-00057154": "my when I first got into", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00226-00057155-00057299": "um Angel Investing", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00227-00057300-00057454": "um which was after I sold my first", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00228-00057455-00057676": "startup it was a it was a little more ad", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00229-00057677-00057959": "hoc uh I was just uh I was investing in", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00230-00057960-00058223": "investing in friends companies", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00231-00058224-00058366": "um I had been through", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00232-00058367-00058576": "um it was quite it had been what a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00233-00058577-00058715": "struggle for me as a first-time", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00234-00058716-00059038": "entrepreneur uh to raise Capital", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00235-00059039-00059242": "um for my own startup uh because I", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00236-00059244-00059404": "didn't have a track record Etc so I", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00237-00059405-00059632": "wanted to I started off wanting to help", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00238-00059633-00059873": "my friends who were starting companies", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00239-00059874-00060107": "so that's how I first started so I would", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00240-00060108-00060394": "so uh this was sort of this was in this", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00241-00060395-00060575": "was in those days when I did the a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00242-00060576-00060803": "little after that so AVG I would say was", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00243-00060804-00060959": "my first sort of more of a professional", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00244-00060960-00061241": "investment where uh it was not a it was", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00245-00061241-00061409": "not a free friends company that I", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00246-00061410-00061630": "invested in and", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00247-00061632-00061930": "um I happened to be in traveling through", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00248-00061932-00062219": "the Czech Republic at that time and", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00249-00062220-00062387": "um actually I happened to be traveling", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00250-00062388-00062597": "the Czech Republic", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00251-00062598-00062849": "um a few months before this happened and", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00252-00062850-00063125": "uh and met some local investors uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00253-00063126-00063538": "during my during my trip there and um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00254-00063539-00063826": "went on to help one of the investors", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00255-00063827-00064138": "portfolio companies I put the portfolio", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00256-00064139-00064415": "the founder of the portfolio company uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00257-00064416-00064661": "with some of my uh connected him with", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00258-00064662-00064900": "some of my contacts in San Francisco", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00259-00064901-00065159": "and kept in touch with this with his", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00260-00065160-00065476": "investor and then he uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00261-00065477-00065794": "met uh mentioned this deal AVG which is", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00262-00065795-00066059": "a which is now a public publicly traded", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00263-00066060-00066329": "security software company", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00264-00066330-00066611": "um told me about AVG and I it was", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00265-00066612-00066779": "actually a very very competitive local", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00266-00066780-00066905": "deal", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00267-00066906-00067319": "um uh in uh in the Czech Republic but I", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00268-00067320-00067547": "was able to get into that deal because", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00269-00067548-00067744": "of my because at Health one of the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00270-00067745-00067967": "investors portfolio companies before so", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00271-00067968-00068129": "the investor was very very keen on", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00272-00068130-00068494": "having me uh on the cap table", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00273-00068495-00068615": "um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00274-00068616-00068765": "so", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00275-00068766-00068999": "um I got the deal thanks to good", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00276-00069000-00069185": "collaboration with local Angels so I", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00277-00069186-00069479": "think if you're uh if you're of if", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00278-00069480-00069671": "you're uh getting into early stage", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00279-00069672-00069905": "investing and want", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00280-00069906-00070103": "um and won't want to get good deal flow", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00281-00070104-00070253": "I mean deal flow is going to be is the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00282-00070254-00070438": "heart of good investing right you need", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00283-00070439-00070721": "to see a lot of a lot of a lot of", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00284-00070722-00070943": "interesting deals to be to be able to", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00285-00070944-00071179": "make to be able to make those good bets", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00286-00071180-00071494": "and one way to get better deal flow is", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00287-00071495-00071699": "to either directly help the founders", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00288-00071700-00071855": "where", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00289-00071856-00072029": "um and then Founders will tell their", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00290-00072030-00072311": "friends and tell them tell their to our", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00291-00072312-00072503": "fellow entrepreneurs that you want this", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00292-00072504-00072731": "investor on your cap table you can add", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00293-00072732-00073006": "value so that's one way to get better to", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00294-00073007-00073163": "get good deals and the other way to get", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00295-00073164-00073325": "good deals is to help investors with", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00296-00073326-00073487": "their portfolio companies", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00297-00073488-00073841": "so if it is um if it is something you're", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00298-00073842-00074135": "just getting into and this is a good way", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00299-00074136-00074387": "to sort of increase your chances of", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00300-00074388-00074573": "getting good deals just by being helpful", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00301-00074574-00074897": "to Founders and um or uh or other", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00302-00074898-00075100": "investors", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00303-00075101-00075256": "um so I've got this because the investor", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00304-00075257-00075509": "was very keen on having me as a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00305-00075510-00075676": "shareholder", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00306-00075677-00075947": "um one of the mistakes I did make was uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00307-00075948-00076235": "and I'll cover this a little more was I", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00308-00076236-00076517": "I had the chance uh to do a secondary", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00309-00076518-00076709": "and", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00310-00076710-00076943": "um which is where you can set a part of", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00311-00076944-00077105": "it where you can sell your stake before", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00312-00077106-00077350": "the company gets acquired or before the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00313-00077351-00077591": "company goes public and the mistake I", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00314-00077592-00077873": "made was very I cashed out my entire 100", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00315-00077874-00078017": "stake", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00316-00078018-00078341": "so uh what I what I learned from that is", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00317-00078342-00078569": "um you know keep some you know keep some", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00318-00078570-00078809": "money on you know it's good to getting", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00319-00078810-00079019": "liquidity is a good thing but it's also", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00320-00079020-00079282": "good to keep some money on the table for", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00321-00079283-00079582": "for uh you know for a uh for for you", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00322-00079583-00079835": "know a Raja moonshot return so it was", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00323-00079836-00079979": "still a very good return it was still a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00324-00079980-00080273": "25x return but the if I had kept even a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00325-00080274-00080555": "small fraction of that say 20 of that", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00326-00080556-00080723": "that would have gone on to have been", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00327-00080724-00080956": "under the 10x so", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00328-00080957-00081065": "um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00329-00081066-00081335": "that's it it is it is a tricky it is a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00330-00081336-00081485": "tricky one though because it's because", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00331-00081486-00081838": "the whole evaluation process for", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00332-00081839-00081925": "um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00333-00081926-00082300": "evaluating you know a deal where it's", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00334-00082301-00082493": "um at this stage so this was they were", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00335-00082494-00082673": "being the company was being valued at", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00336-00082674-00082882": "around 75 million it's a little", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00337-00082883-00083219": "different from evaluating an early stage", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00338-00083220-00083417": "a very early stage deal Which is less", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00339-00083418-00083567": "about", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00340-00083568-00083782": "um uh Which is less about the revenues", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00341-00083783-00083909": "and it's", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00342-00083910-00084143": "um so the the whole criteria was where", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00343-00084144-00084305": "it was very different which is what made", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00344-00084306-00084599": "it a bit harder for me to evaluate but", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00345-00084600-00084881": "looking back uh I would still I would", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00346-00084882-00085037": "always leave something on I would always", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00347-00085038-00085259": "they'll never Cash Out 100 a full 100", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00348-00085260-00085499": "again if I have the option to do so if I", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00349-00085500-00085685": "have the option to keep something on the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00350-00085686-00085871": "table let you know go uh continue", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00351-00085872-00086135": "continue to go for the ride uh in that", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00352-00086136-00086435": "situation", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00353-00086436-00086656": "so that was that was the uh sort of an", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00354-00086657-00086891": "early sort of early", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00355-00086892-00086950": "um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00356-00086951-00087293": "experience with um with sort of a more", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00357-00087294-00087455": "professional investment this was back I", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00358-00087456-00087971": "made the investment back in uh was it it", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00359-00087972-00088276": "was too late 2003 and I was able to was", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00360-00088277-00088756": "very lucky got able to was able to uh uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00361-00088757-00089075": "uh you know liquidate my stake about 18", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00362-00089076-00089387": "months after so it is a very very uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00363-00089388-00089717": "good return uh in terms of um in in that", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00364-00089718-00090293": "in that short in that short time frame", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00365-00090294-00090605": "one of the uh one of the other", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00366-00090606-00090881": "um Investments that I made which is um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00367-00090882-00091018": "which has been a great sort of return", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00368-00091019-00091241": "Financial return was the was the comp", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00369-00091242-00091391": "was a cryptocurrency company called", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00370-00091392-00091523": "Ripple", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00371-00091524-00091775": "um I invested in their seed round uh in", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00372-00091776-00092056": "I think it was March 2013.", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00373-00092057-00092429": "and um Ripple went on to create this uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00374-00092430-00092843": "the company the company was was uh uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00375-00092844-00093023": "was what was it called at that time they", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00376-00093024-00093250": "had it it was called some Labs at that", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00377-00093251-00093479": "time Ripple Labs here it's called Ripple", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00378-00093480-00093767": "labs and they went on to form to have", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00379-00093768-00094073": "this token called xrp which became which", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00380-00094074-00094285": "is one of the which is a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00381-00094286-00094756": "successful cryptocurrency uh token and", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00382-00094757-00094823": "um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00383-00094824-00095093": "this was uh this was through Ripple is", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00384-00095094-00095488": "still not public so this was actually uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00385-00095489-00095711": "uh got my return in a series of", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00386-00095712-00095950": "secondaries where I sold these my shares", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00387-00095951-00096268": "in Ripple to uh to other to other", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00388-00096269-00096461": "investors", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00389-00096462-00096737": "um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00390-00096738-00097006": "do you still invest in crypto now very", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00391-00097007-00097300": "much yes yes I'm still I'm still not I", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00392-00097301-00097487": "haven't been I haven't been very active", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00393-00097488-00097775": "recently uh in crypto but uh yeah I", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00394-00097776-00097894": "still I'm still very interested in", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00395-00097895-00098297": "blockchain and blockchain startups yeah", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00396-00098298-00098561": "uh some of the some of the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00397-00098562-00098921": "um the the factors which uh which led to", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00398-00098922-00099143": "it being a successful investment Bitcoin", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00399-00099144-00099359": "was I just had heard about Bitcoin a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00400-00099360-00099529": "couple of months ago this was in early", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00401-00099530-00099856": "2013. and Bitcoin was already on a tear", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00402-00099857-00100097": "it had gone up and uh it was very very", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00403-00100098-00100481": "raw at that time so ripples", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00404-00100482-00100726": "um their value prop was actually to be a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00405-00100727-00100943": "better version of Bitcoin a version of", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00406-00100944-00101281": "Bitcoin with better settlement mechanics", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00407-00101282-00101747": "and um a Bitcoin plus plus uh and um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00408-00101748-00101974": "that was that was what they wanted to", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00409-00101975-00102305": "apply it to the uh for the uh money", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00410-00102306-00102454": "transfer market for the global money", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00411-00102455-00102586": "transfer market", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00412-00102588-00102803": "so they were going after they were going", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00413-00102804-00103018": "after a huge Market", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00414-00103019-00103499": "um and it was also being led by uh the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00415-00103500-00103840": "CEO had had an experience in had had", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00416-00103841-00104056": "experience before but hadn't had a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00417-00104057-00104260": "successful exit under the belt it was a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00418-00104261-00104482": "super smart super talented very very", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00419-00104483-00104777": "driven founder and", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00420-00104778-00105125": "um he was you know hugely motivated to", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00421-00105126-00105365": "create a big outcome so that was that", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00422-00105366-00105586": "was a big factor in the success of in", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00423-00105588-00105881": "the success of Ripple and I also um I", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00424-00105882-00106043": "shared this deal with a friend of mine", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00425-00106044-00106384": "who is a who has who has formed who has", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00426-00106385-00106607": "started very successful fintech", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00427-00106608-00106907": "companies and his um his advice to me", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00428-00106908-00107236": "was not to invest uh in Ripple and", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00429-00107238-00107483": "fortunately I I didn't I didn't I didn't", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00430-00107483-00107783": "I didn't take his advice and uh brings", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00431-00107783-00108028": "up an interesting point about you know", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00432-00108029-00108365": "about getting do you want to get uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00433-00108366-00108707": "um the advice from experts in the domain", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00434-00108708-00108904": "because when you're doing as an angel", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00435-00108905-00109060": "investor they may be they're always", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00436-00109061-00109204": "going to be people who understand the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00437-00109205-00109457": "domain better than you", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00438-00109458-00109636": "um so it's an interesting one I mean I", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00439-00109638-00109840": "think um most uh you just have to", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00440-00109841-00110093": "realize that most experts have their own", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00441-00110094-00110260": "biases so if you if you can understand", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00442-00110261-00110460": "what they're where they're coming from", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00443-00110461-00110752": "it can it can help it can help with that", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00444-00110753-00110873": "but", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00445-00110874-00111184": "um in quite often experts can can get it", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00446-00111185-00111407": "wrong when it comes to especially if", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00447-00111408-00111490": "it's", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00448-00111491-00111640": "if it's a company that's going to be", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00449-00111641-00111983": "disruptive uh in in their sector", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00450-00111983-00112252": "um I mean the other the one more example", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00451-00112253-00112558": "that comes to mind is Airbnb uh if you", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00452-00112559-00112865": "had gone and spoken to experts in in the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00453-00112866-00112990": "hospitality industry or the hotel", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00454-00112991-00113104": "industry", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00455-00113105-00113327": "they would have probably many of them", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00456-00113328-00113483": "would have probably said no it's not", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00457-00113483-00113639": "it's not a good investment it's going to", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00458-00113640-00113836": "be it's it's these are illegal it's", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00459-00113838-00113945": "going to be", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00460-00113946-00114190": "they're going to be a regulatory", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00461-00114191-00114371": "barriers it's just not going to work", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00462-00114372-00114515": "people are not going to want to stay in", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00463-00114516-00114671": "apartments where the travels are not", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00464-00114672-00114845": "clean or whatever don't have", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00465-00114846-00115163": "professional Hotel standards so uh it is", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00466-00115164-00115495": "uh uh you know they can they can get", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00467-00115496-00115721": "experts can get it wrong I think it's it", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00468-00115722-00115997": "depends on how you so you have to", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00469-00115998-00116051": "um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00470-00116052-00116201": "I know if you're getting into Angel", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00471-00116202-00116393": "Investing you have to develop your own", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00472-00116394-00116645": "sort of style and see", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00473-00116646-00116915": "um what works for you so that lessons", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00474-00116916-00117166": "the lessons I'm sharing are lessons that", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00475-00117167-00117557": "work for me so for me it's often", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00476-00117558-00117815": "the way I like to do it is I'll uh I I", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00477-00117816-00118060": "would like to get there I would like to", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00478-00118061-00118234": "get their opinion but you know take it", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00479-00118235-00118451": "take it to the barrel full of salt uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00480-00118452-00118613": "the the opinion of a sort of a domain", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00481-00118614-00118840": "expert so I didn't I fortunately I", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00482-00118841-00119027": "didn't listen to the advice of a fintech", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00483-00119028-00119321": "expert before uh investing in Ripple and", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00484-00119322-00119410": "um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00485-00119411-00119783": "it's also uh it's in one of the in a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00486-00119783-00120052": "prior investment I think that I had", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00487-00120053-00120245": "listened to the advice of someone who", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00488-00120246-00120436": "had much more experience than me and", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00489-00120438-00120683": "decided to pass on that investment uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00490-00120683-00120845": "and that was actually", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00491-00120846-00121025": "um that was that was sort of what led me", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00492-00121026-00121228": "to completely ignore the advice of a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00493-00121229-00121571": "fintech expert here", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00494-00121572-00121763": "and it's and it's that's it's even more", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00495-00121764-00121936": "frustrating when you when you go against", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00496-00121938-00122278": "your gut and uh and then you at least if", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00497-00122279-00122489": "you invest if you make that decision", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00498-00122490-00122734": "based on your gut you have you can say", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00499-00122735-00122969": "oh yeah I you know this is a tough but", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00500-00122970-00123143": "if you this is a tough game to be", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00501-00123144-00123334": "playing uh Miss is a part of the game", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00502-00123335-00123652": "but if you do it because of the because", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00503-00123653-00123808": "of the advice we miss on a big", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00504-00123809-00123977": "investment because of the advise of", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00505-00123978-00124186": "someone else uh I'll tell you it's even", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00506-00124188-00124343": "more it's even it's even more", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00507-00124344-00124457": "frustrating you'd be kicking yourself", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00508-00124458-00124795": "even more", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00509-00124796-00125165": "uh one more another uh example if most", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00510-00125166-00125273": "of you have probably not heard of this", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00511-00125274-00125704": "company uh company called uh Isaiah", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00512-00125705-00125860": "as I thought this was a company I was", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00513-00125861-00125999": "based in New York at the time and this", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00514-00126000-00126131": "is a company uh that was actually", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00515-00126132-00126347": "founded by a close friend of mine uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00516-00126348-00126593": "from University and they were providing", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00517-00126594-00126947": "uh data migration solutions for internet", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00518-00126948-00127216": "service providers uh so their product", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00519-00127217-00127493": "will let you this was in the uh invested", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00520-00127494-00127733": "in them back in 2000 one of mine was one", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00521-00127733-00127943": "of my early Investments actually uh as", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00522-00127944-00128266": "an angel investor and their product let", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00523-00128267-00128602": "you migrate uh from one email account to", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00524-00128603-00128813": "the other so if you had an account with", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00525-00128814-00129173": "AOL and you wanted to move your move", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00526-00129174-00129563": "move to say Yahoo mail or to Hotmail", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00527-00129564-00129886": "they would um they would work with they", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00528-00129888-00130084": "actually signed deals with the isps", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00529-00130085-00130271": "they're working with", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00530-00130272-00130516": "um uh with Hotmail", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00531-00130517-00130775": "um or MSN and they would transfer all", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00532-00130776-00131033": "your emails from one account to the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00533-00131033-00131195": "other made it really easy to switch", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00534-00131196-00131381": "their product was called true switch", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00535-00131382-00131639": "made it really easy to switch from one", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00536-00131640-00131825": "email account to the other sounds like a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00537-00131826-00132113": "bit of a trivial a trivial product but", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00538-00132114-00132371": "it was actually a very very uh useful", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00539-00132372-00132731": "product for consumers and um one of the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00540-00132732-00132923": "one of the uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00541-00132924-00133102": "uh interesting things about their", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00542-00133103-00133235": "business was they were able to charge", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00543-00133236-00133469": "both the ISP so they would charge", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00544-00133470-00133714": "um a Hotmail ten dollars to everyone who", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00545-00133715-00133859": "switched from AOL and they would charge", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00546-00133860-00134051": "AOL ten dollars to everyone who switched", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00547-00134052-00134345": "from Hotmail to AOL uh Google went on to", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00548-00134346-00134614": "begin to become a large um customer of", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00549-00134615-00134735": "theirs there were a lot of people", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00550-00134736-00134885": "switching who wanted to switch from", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00551-00134886-00135214": "Hotmail to Google and they would pay uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00552-00135215-00135454": "they would pay uh Isaiah", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00553-00135455-00135773": "um for that and um yeah they went on to", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00554-00135774-00136061": "be acquired by by LinkedIn", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00555-00136062-00136390": "for uh for about 80 million in in cash", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00556-00136391-00136751": "and LinkedIn stock uh another funny uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00557-00136752-00136937": "aspect of the story is LinkedIn was", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00558-00136938-00137201": "actually founded four years after after", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00559-00137202-00137363": "Isaiah", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00560-00137364-00137561": "um and um they went on to be acquired by", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00561-00137562-00137813": "LinkedIn so it is actually a very it was", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00562-00137814-00138119": "a very good return uh one one of the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00563-00138120-00138449": "reasons uh for the for the return being", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00564-00138450-00138707": "um such a good multiple was because", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00565-00138708-00138935": "there was very little delusion uh Isaiah", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00566-00138936-00139331": "had not raised much capital and", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00567-00139332-00139709": "um as a result the the founders and the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00568-00139710-00139931": "investors did very very well", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00569-00139932-00140171": "um so this has been a better return", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00570-00140172-00140423": "Dan many um than many of my investments", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00571-00140424-00140621": "where the exit figures have been much", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00572-00140622-00140764": "higher", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00573-00140765-00140987": "um where there was there was one company", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00574-00140988-00141431": "that so isai was acquired in 2012.", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00575-00141432-00141616": "um many years after my investment but", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00576-00141617-00141766": "there was one company that was acquired", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00577-00141767-00142073": "for a company called mashery which was", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00578-00142074-00142252": "acquired for about 180 million around", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00579-00142253-00142535": "the same time and that was", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00580-00142536-00142589": "um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00581-00142590-00142828": "that was a relatively small Return of", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00582-00142829-00143069": "the 10x return still still a very good", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00583-00143070-00143261": "run but relatively small because of all", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00584-00143262-00143713": "the the dilution that mashery had found", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00585-00143714-00143890": "shareholders had to go through because", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00586-00143891-00144113": "they'd raised a lot of capital so one", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00587-00144114-00144316": "more uh something else is and that you", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00588-00144317-00144478": "should ask yourself as an angel investor", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00589-00144479-00144707": "is how much Capital would the company", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00590-00144708-00145019": "need to raise uh over its lifetime", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00591-00145020-00145216": "before it can be before there's an exit", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00592-00145217-00145481": "because if a company needs a lot of", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00593-00145482-00145751": "capital that's gonna uh that's gonna", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00594-00145752-00145931": "deal you to you", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00595-00145932-00146135": "um most almost all the time Angel", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00596-00146136-00146316": "Investors don't have any anti-dilution", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00597-00146317-00146681": "uh rights and uh and that's really going", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00598-00146682-00146957": "to bite into your return uh the delusion", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00599-00146958-00147131": "can really bite into your return so if a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00600-00147132-00147359": "company if you're investing", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00601-00147360-00147569": "let's say a small amount in a very early", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00602-00147570-00147749": "stage company that's going to need a lot", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00603-00147750-00147995": "of capital over its life cycle it has to", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00604-00147996-00148295": "be a massive exit for it to generate a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00605-00148296-00148597": "good return for you sometimes these", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00606-00148598-00148985": "Compass these smaller exits a relatively", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00607-00148986-00149243": "small exits like an 80 million exit can", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00608-00149244-00149435": "be a better return if the company does", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00609-00149436-00149609": "not need too much Capital like with", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00610-00149610-00149878": "Isaiah's um the company was only four", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00611-00149879-00150214": "people uh four Founders and they had a a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00612-00150215-00150514": "team of I think a team of contractors uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00613-00150515-00150640": "in Mexico", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00614-00150641-00151031": "um and uh it was um so they didn't it", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00615-00151032-00151235": "was actually a very very Capital", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00616-00151236-00151463": "efficient business uh which is why they", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00617-00151464-00151601": "didn't need to raise", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00618-00151602-00151763": "um raise much outside Capital after", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00619-00151764-00151978": "their initial seed round that led to a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00620-00151979-00152297": "very good return", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00621-00152298-00152440": "some other", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00622-00152441-00152704": "um you know learnings from uh from", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00623-00152705-00152831": "Isaiah", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00624-00152832-00152945": "um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00625-00152946-00153178": "that uh some of these you know obscure", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00626-00153179-00153376": "niches can be great Investments", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00627-00153377-00153599": "especially if you have a if that's a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00628-00153600-00153797": "niche you understand and if you have a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00629-00153798-00153923": "competitive advantage over other", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00630-00153924-00154151": "investors in", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00631-00154152-00154475": "evaluating uh such uh such Investments", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00632-00154476-00154739": "so uh in a science case it was a very it", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00633-00154740-00154961": "was not something that most Venture", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00634-00154962-00155159": "capitalists were interested in it was", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00635-00155160-00155323": "just not seen as uh interesting enough", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00636-00155324-00155626": "uh big enough return", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00637-00155627-00156064": "um and um I mean I I was I was the in", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00638-00156065-00156251": "terms of category the category was sort", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00639-00156252-00156593": "of interesting uh but for me the uh the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00640-00156594-00156821": "main reason I invested was the uh was", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00641-00156822-00157061": "the massive sort of uh Drive of the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00642-00157062-00157199": "founders I knew the founder very well", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00643-00157200-00157439": "from University so I knew he was hugely", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00644-00157440-00157793": "driven to create a uh to create a uh uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00645-00157794-00158069": "you know a big outcome and uh which is a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00646-00158070-00158339": "which is the main reason I invested so", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00647-00158340-00158404": "um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00648-00158405-00158657": "yeah that was that was the that was a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00649-00158658-00158825": "major factor driving a good return in", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00650-00158826-00159059": "Messiah and another interesting sort of", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00651-00159060-00159323": "learning from this investment was", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00652-00159324-00159526": "um the found since the the company was", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00653-00159527-00159814": "doing very well in terms of revenues the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00654-00159815-00160199": "founders uh were able to take were able", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00655-00160200-00160289": "to", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00656-00160290-00160552": "um take something off the table", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00657-00160553-00160793": "um in uh some of their shares of the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00658-00160794-00160961": "table which put them in a very strong", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00659-00160962-00161285": "position financially uh and personally", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00660-00161286-00161549": "so when LinkedIn first came with their", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00661-00161550-00161807": "initial offer the initial offer was", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00662-00161808-00162095": "about half of what they actually landed", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00663-00162096-00162287": "up selling for the founders were able to", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00664-00162288-00162587": "walk away and really real and negotiate", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00665-00162588-00162863": "a very very good offer uh and it's and", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00666-00162864-00163049": "one reason they've had the courage to", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00667-00163050-00163199": "walk away was because they were in a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00668-00163200-00163349": "strong financial situation", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00669-00163350-00163661": "so it's in it's actually I mean when you", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00670-00163662-00163859": "when the topic of secondaries come up", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00671-00163860-00164014": "many", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00672-00164015-00164249": "um investors", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00673-00164250-00164411": "um they have this sort of knee-jerk", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00674-00164412-00164663": "reaction oh secondaries are not going to", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00675-00164664-00164807": "be good because now the founders are not", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00676-00164808-00164957": "going to be hungry boundaries are", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00677-00164958-00165251": "supposed to be hungry to go for this for", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00678-00165252-00165407": "this large outcome yes there's some", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00679-00165408-00165575": "truth to that but if they're going to be", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00680-00165576-00165773": "worrying about paying their mortgage", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00681-00165774-00166037": "and if they're struggling uh personally", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00682-00166038-00166175": "then they're going to make the wrong", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00683-00166176-00166337": "decisions then they're going to take the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00684-00166338-00166619": "first you know uh you know 10 million", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00685-00166620-00166799": "dollar offer or even a five million", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00686-00166800-00166943": "dollar offer that's going to come their", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00687-00166944-00167135": "way if it's going to lead to uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00688-00167136-00167369": "Financial stability so", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00689-00167370-00167597": "um I think as I think secondaries can be", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00690-00167598-00167861": "very very good both for", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00691-00167862-00168161": "um Founders because it lets them now not", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00692-00168162-00168269": "have to", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00693-00168270-00168514": "worry about paying their bills Etc and", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00694-00168515-00168737": "now they can focus more better on going", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00695-00168738-00168916": "for a big outcome and also for early", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00696-00168917-00169235": "investors it provides some liquidity for", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00697-00169236-00169475": "early investors so I think um I think", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00698-00169476-00169702": "secondaries are a very good thing that's", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00699-00169703-00169901": "and they have become they've weren't", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00700-00169902-00170183": "very common when I started investing", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00701-00170184-00170440": "um I think a big reason for that was", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00702-00170441-00170675": "because Venture capitalists did not like", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00703-00170676-00170951": "Founders to be taking you know cashing", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00704-00170952-00171251": "out early uh um and but now they're", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00705-00171252-00171497": "becoming more common uh and uh which is", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00706-00171498-00172025": "a good thing", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00707-00172026-00172157": "another", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00708-00172158-00172390": "um another um investment highlight is", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00709-00172391-00172547": "that is a mobile marketing company", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00710-00172548-00172751": "called first screen", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00711-00172752-00172954": "um another sort of under the it's a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00712-00172955-00173351": "company uh Dutch Founders based in Dubai", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00713-00173352-00173602": "um and they provide mobile marketing", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00714-00173603-00173831": "solutions for primarily for operators", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00715-00173832-00174101": "and that was that's the return is", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00716-00174102-00174347": "interesting because it is not just the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00717-00174348-00174557": "um the size but it's actually been a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00718-00174558-00174839": "return in dividends so the company still", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00719-00174840-00175097": "has the chance of being Acquired and", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00720-00175098-00175301": "they have been providing it's over the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00721-00175302-00175613": "years they provide a 40x return uh in", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00722-00175614-00175763": "terms of dividends which would be very", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00723-00175764-00175913": "very atypical", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00724-00175914-00176338": "for a Silicon Valley startup so this was", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00725-00176339-00176531": "um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00726-00176532-00176687": "this was sort of more of an under the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00727-00176688-00176837": "radar investment", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00728-00176838-00177113": "um not sort of chased by the typical you", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00729-00177114-00177304": "know Silicon Valley investor so", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00730-00177305-00177454": "sometimes as I said sometimes these", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00731-00177455-00177701": "Investments can make sometimes these", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00732-00177702-00177904": "sort of opportunities uh can be great", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00733-00177905-00178031": "Investments", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00734-00178032-00178090": "um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00735-00178091-00178354": "once again I knew the founders I knew", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00736-00178355-00178552": "the founders well hugely driven Founders", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00737-00178553-00178823": "uh so it is their drive that are sort of", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00738-00178824-00179111": "led to this led to the success", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00739-00179112-00179213": "um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00740-00179214-00179440": "one more I mean one more take away from", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00741-00179441-00179704": "from this is uh I think it's good to", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00742-00179705-00179890": "have some sort of a mix in your", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00743-00179891-00180154": "portfolio between these under the radar", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00744-00180155-00180328": "Investments especially if you I mean not", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00745-00180329-00180587": "all obscure all are going to be going to", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00746-00180588-00180845": "lead to good returns and these sort of", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00747-00180846-00181187": "more more competitive very hot deals so", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00748-00181188-00181366": "Ripple Ripple on the other hand was a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00749-00181367-00181583": "highly competitive oversubscribed deal", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00750-00181584-00181978": "that I that I uh that I got into", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00751-00181979-00182201": "um and uh so I think it's good to have", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00752-00182202-00182476": "sort of a mix see in and and over time", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00753-00182477-00182651": "you'll have a you'll develop a better", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00754-00182652-00182951": "intuition of you know where you where", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00755-00182952-00183149": "you are what's doing better for you and", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00756-00183150-00183275": "where you want to spend more time and", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00757-00183276-00183593": "prioritize so I would say have a mix in", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00758-00183594-00183838": "your portfolio of of both these types of", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00759-00183839-00184288": "deals", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00760-00184289-00184493": "some of the some of the investment", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00761-00184494-00184595": "misses", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00762-00184596-00184781": "um one of them was uh one of them was", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00763-00184782-00184907": "Uber", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00764-00184908-00185123": "um would have been a five five thousand", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00765-00185124-00185351": "X investment return", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00766-00185352-00185554": "um if uh if I of course if I'd help my", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00767-00185555-00185837": "state still live in public and", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00768-00185838-00186202": "um it was um this was back in I had the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00769-00186203-00186581": "chance to invest back in 2000 2010 when", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00770-00186582-00186743": "they were raising uh when they're", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00771-00186744-00186952": "raising a seed round", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00772-00186953-00187121": "um they had a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00773-00187122-00187378": "uh this was the initial email that I got", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00774-00187379-00187673": "from uh from angelist and then I had", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00775-00187674-00187931": "shared I mean exchanged multiple emails", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00776-00187932-00188290": "with the uh with the um with the CEO at", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00777-00188291-00188543": "that time Ryan Travis was not the was", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00778-00188544-00188831": "not the CEO at that time and", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00779-00188832-00189064": "um it's when I when I when I read this", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00780-00189065-00189233": "email it's still sort of mind-boggling", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00781-00189234-00189431": "how small they were when they first", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00782-00189432-00189545": "started", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00783-00189546-00189826": "um 10 drivers doing 10 fast rides on", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00784-00189827-00190181": "week and evenings at uh so um I think", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00785-00190182-00190483": "the main the biggest sort of lesson", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00786-00190484-00190864": "the you know now I mean I I I now you", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00787-00190865-00191009": "know I cry I mean I'm gonna say I cry", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00788-00191010-00191188": "almost every time I take it to work when", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00789-00191189-00191351": "I think about this but that doesn't you", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00790-00191352-00191452": "know that doesn't really matter now", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00791-00191453-00191675": "right what matters now is finding the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00792-00191676-00191987": "next big investment and it's a very very", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00793-00191988-00192395": "uh a useful reminder that most big", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00794-00192396-00192526": "things on the internet start really", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00795-00192527-00193366": "small really small", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00796-00193367-00193601": "the other the other Miss was it was", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00797-00193602-00193895": "twilio uh that would have been a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00798-00193896-00194195": "thousand x uh return at our investment", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00799-00194196-00194393": "uh had I invested", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00800-00194394-00194602": "um I was um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00801-00194603-00194938": "okay I don't have I was actually uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00802-00194939-00195238": "um introduced to the uh to the founder", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00803-00195239-00195478": "of twilio by a good friend of mine in", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00804-00195479-00195683": "Seattle who had introduced me to another", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00805-00195684-00195875": "startup from Seattle a few months before", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00806-00195876-00196061": "in which I invested", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00807-00196062-00196264": "and that startup was uh I was actually", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00808-00196265-00196471": "quite disappointed in the communication", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00809-00196472-00196793": "uh by the founders in that startup so", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00810-00196794-00196954": "when I saw this", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00811-00196955-00197278": "um saw this email from from my friend uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00812-00197279-00197561": "it said another Seattle startup uh that", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00813-00197562-00197716": "I want to introduce you to said no I", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00814-00197717-00198071": "just told myself no uh no more no more", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00815-00198072-00198275": "Seattle I'm done with Seattle startup", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00816-00198276-00198545": "the normal Seattle startups for me and", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00817-00198546-00198785": "um so really a good example of really", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00818-00198786-00199037": "lazy pattern matching where I just sort", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00819-00199038-00199228": "of I didn't even Explore it further just", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00820-00199229-00199366": "because of the fact that they were based", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00821-00199367-00199769": "in Seattle", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00822-00199770-00199913": "uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00823-00199914-00200219": "I'll be doing on time so far sure yeah", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00824-00200220-00200387": "no that's great and I'm just laughing my", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00825-00200388-00200543": "head off here at so many of these", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00826-00200544-00200716": "funnies because even when you're talking", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00827-00200717-00200890": "back at your 100 times because like", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00828-00200891-00201149": "we've only had like a couple uh in that", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00829-00201150-00201328": "area where the original Founders so", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00830-00201329-00201581": "that's like of trade me and zero you", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00831-00201582-00201719": "know I would have got a hundred times so", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00832-00201720-00201928": "it's just pranking me out here you're", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00833-00201929-00202231": "you're because you've got so many more", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00834-00202232-00202433": "we have many many more misses", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00835-00202434-00202733": "unfortunately so uh yeah your choices", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00836-00202734-00202900": "are so much more your numbers are just", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00837-00202901-00203104": "so much higher yeah that's interesting", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00838-00203105-00203483": "keep going this is great", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00839-00203484-00203716": "um yeah there's another another example", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00840-00203717-00203861": "I mean these are sharing these examples", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00841-00203862-00204028": "not because of the interesting numbers", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00842-00204029-00204269": "are not that the returns are not that", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00843-00204270-00204473": "out in absolute numbers not that", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00844-00204474-00204593": "interesting but there were some", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00845-00204594-00204814": "interesting learnings uh from unrelated", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00846-00204815-00205103": "it's actually run by a very good uh it", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00847-00205104-00205319": "was run by a very another by a friend of", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00848-00205319-00205457": "mine", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00849-00205458-00205727": "um and they were sold uh two years after", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00850-00205728-00205882": "they started for 12 million so", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00851-00205883-00206194": "relatively a very a month a relatively", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00852-00206196-00206369": "quick exit", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00853-00206369-00206434": "um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00854-00206435-00206627": "and they had the they were doing", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00855-00206628-00206801": "phenomenally they had really good", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00856-00206802-00206921": "retraction", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00857-00206921-00207119": "um in in what they were doing and they", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00858-00207119-00207257": "were actually a Content recommendation", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00859-00207258-00207419": "one of the early", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00860-00207419-00207640": "content recommendation companies so when", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00861-00207641-00207862": "you're on a Publisher's site they'll", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00862-00207863-00208055": "they will make other recommendations you", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00863-00208056-00208469": "may want to see this this other uh uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00864-00208469-00208703": "article and this these are highly", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00865-00208704-00208871": "relevant articles otherwise they won't", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00866-00208871-00209027": "do they don't work and they were all", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00867-00209028-00209266": "sort of a sponsored content uh company", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00868-00209267-00209440": "and", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00869-00209441-00209507": "um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00870-00209508-00209717": "they were", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00871-00209717-00209777": "um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00872-00209778-00209932": "I know they were doing their attraction", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00873-00209933-00210232": "was phenomenal but the the one of the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00874-00210233-00210508": "reasons the uh the founder decided to", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00875-00210509-00210881": "sell was because uh uh this was he he", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00876-00210882-00211079": "owned a significant chunk of the company", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00877-00211080-00211373": "more than 50 and I've uh I've had this", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00878-00211373-00211546": "discussion of founder he's happy hoping", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00879-00211548-00211727": "to share this information", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00880-00211728-00212044": "um he owned about 50 of the company so", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00881-00212046-00212279": "for him it was actually for someone who", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00882-00212280-00212603": "was still very young it was actually a a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00883-00212604-00212825": "phenomenal a financial return and it was", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00884-00212826-00213005": "a great return for investors too a six", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00885-00213006-00213287": "six x return in two years", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00886-00213288-00213460": "um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00887-00213461-00213713": "so I think the the for me the takeaway", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00888-00213714-00213989": "from there was you know fortunately for", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00889-00213990-00214175": "me the entry evaluation was very very", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00890-00214176-00214348": "low I came into two million valuation", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00891-00214350-00214582": "but if let's say my if my entry", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00892-00214583-00214894": "valuation had been more like the typical", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00893-00214896-00215129": "um you know Silicon Valley seed", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00894-00215130-00215321": "valuation today eight to ten million", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00895-00215321-00215465": "would have been a very it would have", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00896-00215466-00215603": "been a mediocre return for the risk", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00897-00215604-00215782": "you're taking", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00898-00215783-00216005": "um so the major sort of takeaway for me", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00899-00216006-00216125": "from this", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00900-00216126-00216394": "um was that you know", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00901-00216396-00216623": "almost all the time the fine the file if", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00902-00216623-00216821": "the founder has a personal financial", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00903-00216821-00217060": "goal that's going to determine the size", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00904-00217061-00217319": "of the outcome so let's say the if the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00905-00217319-00217537": "founder has a personal financial Target", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00906-00217538-00217937": "of of 5 million and he owns 50 a company", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00907-00217938-00218177": "or he or she owns 50 of the company it's", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00908-00218178-00218434": "going to be it's highly unlikely that", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00909-00218435-00218621": "the exit the exit is going to be more", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00910-00218621-00218789": "than 10 million so it's", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00911-00218790-00218987": "um so it's something that as an angel", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00912-00218988-00219184": "it's and it's and this can of course it", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00913-00219185-00219377": "can it can change I mean sometimes these", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00914-00219378-00219581": "you know the goal posts can shift once", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00915-00219582-00219694": "the company is doing really well", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00916-00219696-00219892": "Founders can revisit their initial", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00917-00219894-00220151": "financial goals but in my experience", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00918-00220152-00220421": "that's quite rare uh if the founder has", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00919-00220421-00220703": "has a personal financial goal um in as", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00920-00220704-00221021": "as a as a Target that's going to limit", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00921-00221021-00221267": "that can limit this that can also if", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00922-00221267-00221434": "it's a if it's a large Financial goal", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00923-00221435-00221651": "it's going to increase the chances of a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00924-00221652-00221842": "larger outcome but if it's a small if", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00925-00221844-00222046": "it's a relatively small Financial goal", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00926-00222048-00222256": "uh in you know it's six million is not", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00927-00222257-00222479": "by more standards not but it's all these", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00928-00222480-00222671": "are all relative right so it's it's", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00929-00222671-00222832": "going to limit the size it's going to", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00930-00222833-00223013": "limit the size of your so", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00931-00223014-00223169": "um so something to keep in mind", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00932-00223169-00223439": "especially especially in the entryway", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00933-00223440-00223565": "it's more of a factor of the entry", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00934-00223566-00223751": "valuation is high now I've seen some", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00935-00223752-00223955": "I've seen some deals where the entry", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00936-00223956-00224177": "valuations are you know 10 million 15", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00937-00224178-00224382": "million dollars", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00938-00224383-00224746": "and uh there's a and you and you get", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00939-00224748-00224981": "this and the and you get and you get", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00940-00224982-00225184": "this impression that and these are", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00941-00225185-00225377": "really really high and the founders are", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00942-00225378-00225575": "gonna are not gonna walk away", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00943-00225576-00225905": "from you know 20 million offer or 30", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00944-00225906-00226060": "million offer because it's going to be", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00945-00226061-00226234": "the personal financial Stakes for them", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00946-00226235-00226427": "are just too high", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00947-00226428-00226529": "um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00948-00226530-00226673": "so it's not something that people in", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00949-00226673-00226919": "Silicon Valley actually even said talk", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00950-00226919-00227051": "about that much because you know", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00951-00227052-00227308": "Founders are supposed to be the founders", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00952-00227309-00227596": "read this article a while back and it's", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00953-00227598-00227777": "where I can I can relate to that founder", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00954-00227778-00227884": "it's supposed to be like Jesus it's", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00955-00227885-00228101": "supposed to be very very very very pure", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00956-00228102-00228341": "they're doing it for you know for good", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00957-00228342-00228527": "yes I mean that's a big factor but", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00958-00228528-00228725": "they're they're all the founders are", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00959-00228726-00228875": "also", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00960-00228876-00229121": "you know driven by Financial as", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00961-00229121-00229325": "entrepreneurs they're also driven by the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00962-00229326-00229534": "financial return and if they have a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00963-00229535-00229841": "lower sort of financial Target", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00964-00229842-00230537": "um it's going to limit your your return", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00965-00230538-00230765": "and I and I and I have and I have some", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00966-00230766-00231005": "you know as an entrepreneur I have some", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00967-00231006-00231167": "good experience here as well for my", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00968-00231167-00231556": "first for my first startup one of the uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00969-00231557-00231784": "one of the reasons", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00970-00231785-00231934": "um you know we decided to sell was", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00971-00231935-00232144": "because it more than met the financial", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00972-00232146-00232415": "goals of our of the founders and it also", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00973-00232416-00232606": "provided it also provided a good return", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00974-00232607-00232792": "for the for the investors so once that", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00975-00232794-00232991": "sort of bar was met for us", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00976-00232992-00233225": "we were uh it became a very easy", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00977-00233226-00233482": "decision I mean the question", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00978-00233483-00233717": "so this was we saw we sold this company", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00979-00233717-00234023": "for this was a this was a 30 this is a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00980-00234023-00234269": "30 million plus exit the question as", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00981-00234269-00234496": "Founders that we asked ourselves is and", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00982-00234498-00234791": "that was basically the proceeds from the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00983-00234792-00234982": "exit was basically all the money we had", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00984-00234983-00235229": "we had we had zero savings so the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00985-00235230-00235396": "question we asked ourselves as Founders", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00986-00235398-00235787": "is was if all we had was this much would", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00987-00235788-00236032": "we invest it all in our startup and the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00988-00236033-00236219": "answer to that was no so it became a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00989-00236219-00236429": "very easy so uh it became a very easy", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00990-00236430-00236663": "decision for us to sell so that's", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00991-00236664-00236873": "something I've asked I've asked myself", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00992-00236873-00237142": "and as an investor I mean the last thing", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00993-00237144-00237341": "you want to be doing is", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00994-00237342-00237694": "trying to come in the way of a young", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00995-00237696-00237875": "found trying to achieve you know", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00996-00237876-00238181": "Financial Financial stability so", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00997-00238182-00238355": "um so that's something you just do not", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00998-00238356-00238492": "want to do", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-00999-00238494-00238727": "um so when you invest you want to make", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01000-00238728-00238984": "sure that in the best case it's going to", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01001-00238985-00239482": "be a good return yeah", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01002-00239483-00239765": "another sort of example where um this", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01003-00239766-00240017": "was a company that was actually hired by", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01004-00240017-00240292": "Amazon uh and um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01005-00240294-00240544": "I had the I had the feeling that the the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01006-00240546-00240958": "the the had this sort of uh and this is", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01007-00240959-00241096": "one this is an investment that actually", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01008-00241098-00241294": "LED I had the feeling that the founder", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01009-00241296-00241469": "would go for", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01010-00241469-00241691": "um would not really go make an honest", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01011-00241692-00241942": "attempt at a huge outcome", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01012-00241944-00242153": "um so we had we had liquidation", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01013-00242154-00242434": "preferences in the uh in in our", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01014-00242435-00242632": "investment where there would be at least", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01015-00242633-00243029": "a 3X return for the early investors", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01016-00243030-00243256": "um so they so the company sold for less", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01017-00243257-00243413": "than 3x", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01018-00243414-00243623": "investors would get investors would", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01019-00243623-00243910": "still get a 3X and then", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01020-00243911-00244169": "um then the proceeds would be divided", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01021-00244169-00244355": "um and that was actually something I'll", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01022-00244356-00244642": "never do again in general I want to stay", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01023-00244644-00244919": "away from uh spending too much time", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01024-00244919-00245129": "negotiating valuations now that's", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01025-00245130-00245321": "something I've learned uh with with", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01026-00245321-00245482": "Founders because", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01027-00245483-00245621": "um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01028-00245621-00245825": "you know it's an it's an unpleasant it's", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01029-00245826-00246071": "an unpleasant discussion and quite often", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01030-00246071-00246251": "these things that the company is going", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01031-00246252-00246460": "to be is if the company is going to be", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01032-00246461-00246682": "uh it's these are quite binary so", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01033-00246683-00246898": "whether you come in for 25 per", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01034-00246900-00247210": "evaluation that's 25 higher is not", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01035-00247211-00247379": "really going to matter if the company is", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01036-00247380-00247505": "going to get if the company is going to", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01037-00247506-00247769": "get acquired for a massive multiple so", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01038-00247769-00248015": "it's something I and and plus you know I", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01039-00248016-00248248": "don't lead I don't lead Investments now", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01040-00248250-00248429": "so it's something for the lead investor", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01041-00248430-00248632": "to do so it's not something but I would", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01042-00248633-00248782": "sort of uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01043-00248783-00249023": "you know try and um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01044-00249023-00249329": "try and suggest not getting not getting", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01045-00249330-00249634": "too much into these into these uh into", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01046-00249635-00249832": "these discussions uh with Founders and", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01047-00249833-00250181": "not it's sort of uh not the uh not", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01048-00250182-00250379": "something that's that's my I'm sure many", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01049-00250380-00250487": "investors would have a very different", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01050-00250488-00250703": "perspective here uh but it's not", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01051-00250704-00251039": "something that uh that I uh that uh that", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01052-00251040-00251219": "you know that I tend to do now in terms", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01053-00251219-00251429": "of negotiating the terms of value and", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01054-00251430-00251608": "introducing all these things like like", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01055-00251609-00251837": "liquidation preference Etc", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01056-00251838-00252155": "um because uh you know the yes yeah I", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01057-00252156-00252306": "was just thinking um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01058-00252307-00252671": "uh we've just got about 10 minutes left", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01059-00252671-00252875": "and Lily's got a question here", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01060-00252876-00253031": "sure so I'm just wondering if I can", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01061-00253032-00253355": "divert slightly yeah so because you've", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01062-00253356-00253613": "been Angel Investing for a long time and", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01063-00253614-00253769": "we've all grown up with traditional", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01064-00253769-00254075": "metrics well how are you thinking and", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01065-00254076-00254482": "acting with impact investing now", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01066-00254483-00254615": "yes", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01067-00254616-00254794": "um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01068-00254796-00254975": "um definitely uh definitely interested", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01069-00254976-00255287": "in uh in in Impact investing because I", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01070-00255288-00255413": "think uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01071-00255414-00255598": "um they are going to be the far more", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01072-00255600-00255832": "I've done some investing in non-profits", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01073-00255833-00256079": "and uh I think if the and the biggest", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01074-00256080-00256241": "challenge with non-profits is they don't", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01075-00256242-00256367": "scale", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01076-00256367-00256667": "um so if it can be uh an investment if", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01077-00256667-00256882": "it can be if it can do a lot of if we", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01078-00256883-00257081": "can do social good and if it's also", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01079-00257082-00257417": "scalable uh it's super interesting to me", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01080-00257417-00257741": "um so uh it is uh it's just one which is", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01081-00257742-00257921": "one more reason I'm quite excited about", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01082-00257921-00258077": "spending time in New Zealand I think", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01083-00258078-00258203": "there's a lot of opportunity in the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01084-00258204-00258484": "space in in New Zealand that's okay", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01085-00258485-00258682": "there's a scaling part of it if you can", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01086-00258683-00258892": "scale then you can actually then make", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01087-00258894-00259103": "something happen with it yeah yes yes", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01088-00259104-00259360": "yes yeah cool", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01089-00259361-00259673": "may I asked a question yeah go for it", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01090-00259673-00259930": "Lily", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01091-00259931-00260173": "um people can you hear me", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01092-00260173-00260639": "yes we can Lily great okay Kyoto Ramesh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01093-00260640-00260789": "thank you very much for sharing your", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01094-00260790-00261065": "story very very interesting uh my name", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01095-00261066-00261329": "is Lily Tolga Bay I'm one of our fellows", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01096-00261330-00261773": "I represent our our Maori tangata Styles", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01097-00261773-00262001": "and uh one thing I just wanted to ask", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01098-00262002-00262277": "with you Ramesh is because in terms of", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01099-00262278-00262463": "many of our VCS that are within the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01100-00262464-00262684": "fellowship", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01101-00262685-00262871": "um but the focus is always financial and", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01102-00262872-00263032": "I understand that because that's what VC", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01103-00263033-00263243": "is about financial investment for", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01104-00263244-00263560": "clinics in returns uh however within", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01105-00263561-00263891": "aotearoa and as part of the fellowship a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01106-00263892-00264197": "whole Cooper is about Virgin", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01107-00264198-00264287": "um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01108-00264288-00264595": "Solutions Global Solutions", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01109-00264596-00264845": "utilizing altered or New Zealand as an", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01110-00264846-00265103": "incubation Nation", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01111-00265104-00265379": "so which means we have to sort of think", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01112-00265380-00265619": "slightly differently to how things are", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01113-00265620-00265979": "normally done when it comes to moldum", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01114-00265980-00266213": "and Maori organizations and Maori", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01115-00266214-00266351": "businesses", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01116-00266352-00266632": "the biggest factor is actually building", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01117-00266633-00266932": "the relationships first before we even", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01118-00266933-00267232": "talk the money side and and there are", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01119-00267233-00267473": "many Maori organizations that have the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01120-00267474-00267743": "ability to scale not as non-profits but", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01121-00267744-00267887": "it's really about that relationship", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01122-00267888-00268103": "building net trust", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01123-00268104-00268205": "um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01124-00268206-00268601": "but also it's about it's a long term and", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01125-00268602-00268877": "so for for VCS it's sort of not not on", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01126-00268878-00269141": "your cards is it what are your thoughts", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01127-00269142-00269279": "about trying to link with Maori", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01128-00269280-00269429": "organizations", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01129-00269430-00269603": "yeah and I'd love to I'd love to learn", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01130-00269604-00269723": "you know maybe we can have a chat", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01131-00269724-00269975": "offline uh and you can share some of", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01132-00269976-00270197": "your uh your insights here", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01133-00270198-00270467": "um I'd love to uh um yeah I'd love to", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01134-00270468-00270641": "learn more about how you know what sort", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01135-00270642-00270791": "of how they approach how they approach", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01136-00270792-00270875": "it", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01137-00270876-00271084": "um something else that I'm that I uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01138-00271085-00271301": "what was going to cover uh is that you", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01139-00271302-00271571": "know even even for a typical VC that's", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01140-00271572-00271727": "looking that's doing it you know purely", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01141-00271728-00272015": "the tip for for a financial return you", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01142-00272016-00272249": "need to be very very patient uh like the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01143-00272250-00272453": "other example I gave this eye example it", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01144-00272454-00272734": "took it took 12 years for a return so", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01145-00272735-00272908": "many of these many of these so you need", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01146-00272909-00273203": "many of these startups takes before you", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01147-00273204-00273460": "can get a cash return take seven to ten", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01148-00273461-00273677": "years which is a fairly long long", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01149-00273678-00273917": "Horizon", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01150-00273918-00274103": "um and I I wonder maybe let me throw", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01151-00274104-00274384": "this back to you I mean I'm in in like", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01152-00274385-00274679": "in India in Indian culture", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01153-00274680-00274919": "um you know traditionally it's", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01154-00274920-00275141": "considered quite you know you you don't", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01155-00275142-00275303": "want it's not something you talk about", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01156-00275304-00275519": "the finance of the financial return it's", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01157-00275520-00275729": "it's meant to be a little more sort of", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01158-00275730-00275939": "subtle in the background it's it's so", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01159-00275940-00276130": "obvious that you're doing it for a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01160-00276131-00276341": "financial return it's not even talked", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01161-00276342-00276545": "about as you know is that is that", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01162-00276546-00276889": "similar or is that not even a factor", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01163-00276890-00277180": "no that's that's very similar very", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01164-00277181-00277499": "similar and because once again it's not", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01165-00277500-00277745": "just about but the financial it's", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01166-00277746-00277997": "everything that encompasses that that um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01167-00277998-00278141": "progress", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01168-00278142-00278410": "but it also brings into the community at", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01169-00278411-00278506": "stake as well all the different", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01170-00278507-00278723": "stakeholders within the community so", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01171-00278724-00278987": "many of our investments involve", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01172-00278988-00279058": "um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01173-00279059-00279269": "supporting", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01174-00279270-00279532": "the well-being the housing structures", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01175-00279533-00279713": "the social structures the environmental", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01176-00279714-00280097": "structures so so when we do deals it", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01177-00280098-00280249": "encompasses", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01178-00280250-00280469": "the whole", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01179-00280470-00280684": "um or all of those aspects as well so", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01180-00280685-00281105": "it's it's not simple but my point is", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01181-00281106-00281297": "that at the moment and I've been with", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01182-00281298-00281501": "the fellowship six years now", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01183-00281502-00281651": "um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01184-00281652-00282017": "that the thought pattern of our VCS from", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01185-00282018-00282280": "my perspective needs to change a little", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01186-00282281-00282575": "to to working with how we operate and", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01187-00282576-00282832": "how we think because although there are", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01188-00282833-00283151": "slower there are slower gain", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01189-00283152-00283529": "um my belief is there a huge gain which", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01190-00283530-00283906": "can then be duplicated globally", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01191-00283907-00284177": "um so so yes it's certainly simply not", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01192-00284178-00284393": "talking about Financial in fact that is", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01193-00284394-00284658": "considered rude", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01194-00284659-00284915": "yeah I can relate to that from you know", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01195-00284916-00285101": "from my own sort of uh cultural you know", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01196-00285102-00285215": "background yeah", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01197-00285216-00285389": "yeah it's interesting you mentioned the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01198-00285390-00285569": "word rude yeah it is almost considered", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01199-00285570-00285863": "rude in many disrespectful in some", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01200-00285864-00286037": "respects", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01201-00286038-00286325": "yeah you can uh go and visit uh talaga", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01202-00286326-00286408": "bay", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01203-00286409-00286621": "um and say Lily with your family so", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01204-00286622-00286882": "remission is flying into New Zealand on", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01205-00286883-00287008": "Good Friday", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01206-00287009-00287410": "so next Friday yeah well safe Journeys", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01207-00287411-00287608": "Ramesh we also have another family here", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01208-00287609-00287741": "living with us he just walked past", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01209-00287742-00287956": "tabiso he's helping us create Community", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01210-00287957-00288160": "Development in this region", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01211-00288161-00288353": "um in China for the east coast is one of", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01212-00288354-00288545": "the regions a government is currently", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01213-00288546-00288815": "focusing on due to cycling Gabriel and", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01214-00288816-00288982": "we need to change some of the ways we", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01215-00288983-00289127": "are operating and finding different", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01216-00289128-00289427": "Industries specifically in the tech area", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01217-00289428-00289732": "so um please hi to my if you're", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01218-00289733-00289871": "interested in coming to our homelands", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01219-00289872-00290069": "and meeting our people okay I'd love", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01220-00290070-00290327": "that yeah thank you so much thanks Lily", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01221-00290328-00291119": "any other questions", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01222-00291120-00291365": "okay I think I can skip this one uh I", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01223-00291366-00291497": "think I've covered this enough times and", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01224-00291498-00291803": "already uh Founders enough um have also", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01225-00291804-00292037": "covered secondaries which which uh which", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01226-00292038-00292210": "I support", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01227-00292211-00292438": "um it's good for Founders and investors", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01228-00292439-00292480": "[Music]", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01229-00292481-00292619": "um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01230-00292620-00292853": "should I uh in my in terms of my summary", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01231-00292854-00292991": "I would say", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01232-00292992-00293321": "um make make lots of small bets uh when", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01233-00293322-00293501": "I first started I was making when I was", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01234-00293502-00293771": "making larger bets uh and not as many", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01235-00293772-00294089": "I've realized that uh you need just need", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01236-00294090-00294227": "to make you we need to make a lot of", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01237-00294228-00294377": "small bets", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01238-00294378-00294437": "um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01239-00294438-00294671": "and from my from my experience I mean", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01240-00294672-00294869": "you need to make at least 30 bets to get", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01241-00294870-00295091": "that one you know 100x return and that's", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01242-00295092-00295210": "that and that's really going to be", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01243-00295211-00295391": "what's gonna for if you're doing it for", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01244-00295392-00295643": "a financial return that's really going", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01245-00295644-00295787": "to be the one that sort of moves the", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01246-00295788-00296008": "needle on your portfolio not uh getting", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01247-00296009-00296213": "that like there's usually one investment", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01248-00296214-00296495": "in the portfolio 100x return returns", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01249-00296496-00296639": "your fund", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01250-00296640-00296789": "um it's something it took me some time", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01251-00296790-00297143": "to grasp that why why are VCS so uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01252-00297144-00297323": "obsessed by that one big you know", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01253-00297324-00297532": "billion dollar outcome because that's", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01254-00297533-00297706": "what they need to return their fund to", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01255-00297707-00298079": "even return their fund um and um you", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01256-00298080-00298367": "know as uh early stage early stage and", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01257-00298368-00298505": "with early stage investing it's very", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01258-00298506-00298655": "very difficult to Size Market Market", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01259-00298656-00298889": "sizing very very hard", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01260-00298890-00298949": "um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01261-00298950-00299219": "for you and I think I gave the uh the uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01262-00299220-00299560": "Airbnb example it's very very difficult", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01263-00299561-00299729": "I mean they actually created a new", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01264-00299730-00300010": "market made a lot of people uh you know", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01265-00300011-00300215": "go traveling now as a result of Airbnb", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01266-00300216-00300430": "because it's far more cost effective for", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01267-00300431-00300641": "them to live in a you know uh you know", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01268-00300642-00300941": "in a in a different destination so Uber", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01269-00300942-00301108": "for example another example I mean how", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01270-00301109-00301277": "do you size when you when you first see", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01271-00301278-00301505": "the Uber investment deal how do you size", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01272-00301506-00301703": "the market I mean they started off as a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01273-00301704-00301906": "black cap company is it a black cap", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01274-00301907-00302147": "company and or or is it is it is it now", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01275-00302148-00302345": "a taxi company or is it a technology", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01276-00302346-00302567": "company they're more of a Marketplace so", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01277-00302568-00302723": "how do you even", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01278-00302724-00302945": "come up with the so if you if you use", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01279-00302946-00303184": "sort of conventional Market sizing for", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01280-00303185-00303406": "some of these Investments or if you size", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01281-00303407-00303551": "the market based on what is already", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01282-00303552-00303941": "there uh it's you you could miss out on", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01283-00303942-00304060": "some opportunities because it's very", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01284-00304061-00304253": "hard to size a new market that they're", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01285-00304254-00304480": "going to be creating", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01286-00304481-00305075": "um so yeah so it's it's far far uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01287-00305076-00305441": "uh more sort of practical in a very very", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01288-00305442-00305693": "early stage investing to invest to make", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01289-00305694-00305921": "bets based on interesting Founders", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01290-00305922-00306047": "Founders are going to be resilient", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01291-00306048-00306179": "bonders are going to be very very", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01292-00306180-00306401": "motivated", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01293-00306402-00306527": "um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01294-00306528-00306767": "and in my this is in my experience I", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01295-00306768-00306995": "mean obscure obscure niches can be great", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01296-00306996-00307258": "things that are overlooked by by other", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01297-00307259-00307439": "investors two of my best investments", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01298-00307440-00307684": "have been in sort of these sort of uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01299-00307685-00307979": "you know obscure and unsexy niches", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01300-00307980-00308171": "um they need to be very very patient for", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01301-00308172-00308380": "cash returns I mean some of these Isaiah", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01302-00308381-00308597": "was the example where they were started", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01303-00308598-00309010": "in 2000 and they exited in 2012.", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01304-00309011-00309256": "um many of the other Investments do uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01305-00309257-00309473": "they're all even even the companies that", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01306-00309474-00309682": "are doing really well a few years later", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01307-00309683-00309960": "it's all on paper yeah I I haven't", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01308-00309961-00310282": "received a garden garden any sort of uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01309-00310283-00310487": "cash return for that these are all many", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01310-00310488-00310660": "of these many of the Investments are", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01311-00310661-00310949": "paper marked up so can take seven seven", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01312-00310950-00311267": "to ten years sometimes even 13 13 15", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01313-00311268-00311477": "years uh so you have to be very very", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01314-00311478-00311932": "patient", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01315-00311933-00312197": "yeah exactly that exactly it's hard work", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01316-00312198-00312401": "time consuming work um sometimes I mean", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01317-00312402-00312587": "I've given some examples where", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01318-00312588-00312856": "where uh you know I've got in my return", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01319-00312857-00313084": "after two years or three years but those", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01320-00313085-00313349": "are those are atypical if you make if", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01321-00313350-00313595": "you make you know if you those are those", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01322-00313596-00313804": "are probably as I said or maybe less", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01323-00313805-00313925": "than 30 percent", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01324-00313926-00314273": "of the of my investments that do that uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01325-00314274-00314627": "with uh with 40 you get zero and thirty", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01326-00314628-00314765": "percent you're lucky to get your money", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01327-00314766-00314987": "back and it's it's a small fraction", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01328-00314988-00315149": "where you can get those steps and", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01329-00315150-00315287": "returns and many or even those returns", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01330-00315288-00315433": "can take a very long time", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01331-00315434-00315556": "[Music]", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01332-00315557-00315875": "nice the other I mean the other and it's", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01333-00315876-00316163": "a sort of spoken a lot about the about", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01334-00316164-00316367": "the financial the financial return here", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01335-00316368-00316679": "I mean the other really uh sort of", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01336-00316680-00316895": "inspiring lessons from Angel Investing", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01337-00316896-00317123": "are you know in in it working when you", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01338-00317124-00317297": "work with these motivated Founders", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01339-00317298-00317495": "especially in categories you don't know", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01340-00317496-00317699": "much about where a Founder has spent a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01341-00317700-00317837": "lot of time thinking about a category", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01342-00317838-00318058": "they teach you a lot even pretty much", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01343-00318059-00318221": "you know they try and teach you", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01344-00318222-00318437": "everything they know about a category in", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01345-00318438-00318653": "one hour in 50 minutes which is actually", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01346-00318654-00318910": "intellectually super exciting and almost", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01347-00318911-00319067": "exhilarating you know you hear you have", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01348-00319068-00319199": "someone who spent years and years", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01349-00319200-00319384": "thinking about a solution to a problem", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01350-00319385-00319643": "and he's trying to get you he or she he", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01351-00319644-00319793": "or she is trying to get you up to speed", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01352-00319794-00320080": "in 45 minutes one hour so it's intense", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01353-00320081-00320327": "but it can also be very very exciting so", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01354-00320328-00320669": "that's a that's a huge sort of uh uh", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01355-00320670-00320884": "lesson from you know uh sort of", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01356-00320885-00321034": "inspirational lesson from Angel", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01357-00321035-00321565": "Investing where you um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01358-00321566-00321851": "learning experience", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01359-00321852-00322060": "yeah that's true you do you get to learn", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01360-00322061-00322289": "a lot about a sector and about", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01361-00322290-00322523": "watching another entrepreneur go through", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01362-00322524-00322823": "there their Journey exactly exactly it's", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01363-00322824-00322906": "funny it's interesting when you're", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01364-00322907-00323069": "talking about Uber and Airbnb because", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01365-00323070-00323345": "both of those were second to Market", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01366-00323346-00323567": "in that yes those Industries they", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01367-00323568-00323843": "weren't the first in those Airbnb also", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01368-00323844-00324023": "second to Market yeah I think they were", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01369-00324024-00324184": "in the type of thing they were from what", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01370-00324185-00324401": "I've heard yeah there was actually there", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01371-00324402-00324551": "was one yeah there was one company in", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01372-00324552-00324743": "Singapore doing it around the same time", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01373-00324744-00324941": "uh they didn't they didn't raise as much", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01374-00324942-00325241": "Capital uh Uber definitely was uh but", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01375-00325242-00325480": "with Airbnb yeah there was actually I", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01376-00325481-00325637": "think they were at the same time at", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01377-00325638-00325829": "least that I know of uh with another", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01378-00325830-00326093": "company", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01379-00326094-00326345": "any last questions did you want to do a", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01380-00326346-00326608": "question Lily otherwise we will wrap it", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01381-00326609-00326825": "up no that's good well thank you so much", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01382-00326826-00327053": "Ramesh it's been really interesting and", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01383-00327054-00327239": "insightful and it's really good to see", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01384-00327240-00327575": "how an angel investor um is investing in", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01385-00327576-00327749": "what they are what numbers they're", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01386-00327750-00327917": "dealing with actually from on the other", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01387-00327918-00328073": "side of the world compared to here in", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01388-00328074-00328265": "New Zealand I have actually found that", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01389-00328266-00328456": "part quite interesting so we look", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01390-00328457-00328649": "forward to having your family here um", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01391-00328650-00328991": "next next Friday and um and looking", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01392-00328992-00329093": "forward to having you here for your", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01393-00329094-00329347": "welcome week", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01394-00329348-00329693": "thank you very much safe travels okay", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01395-00329694-00329873": "thank you so much nice meeting you bye", "EAKVuhyNBnQ-01396-00329874-00330116": "thank you"}}, {"audio_id": "EARBR8HjZng", "text": {"EARBR8HjZng-00000-00000115-00000799": "go the [__] to sleep by atom man's buck", "EARBR8HjZng-00001-00000800-00001075": "the cat's nestled close to their kittens", "EARBR8HjZng-00002-00001076-00001336": "the Lambs have lain down with the Sheep", "EARBR8HjZng-00003-00001337-00001651": "your cozy and warm in your bed my dear", "EARBR8HjZng-00004-00001652-00002065": "please go the [__] to sleep", "EARBR8HjZng-00005-00002066-00002392": "the windows are darkened the town child", "EARBR8HjZng-00006-00002393-00002783": "the whales huddled down in the deep I'll", "EARBR8HjZng-00007-00002784-00003074": "read you one very last book if you swear", "EARBR8HjZng-00008-00003075-00003513": "that you'll go the [__] to sleep", "EARBR8HjZng-00009-00003514-00003788": "the Eagles who soar through the sky are", "EARBR8HjZng-00010-00003789-00004036": "at rest and the creatures who crawl", "EARBR8HjZng-00011-00004037-00004349": "running creep I know you're not thirsty", "EARBR8HjZng-00012-00004350-00004667": "that's [__] - stop lying lie the", "EARBR8HjZng-00013-00004668-00005249": "[__] down my darling and sleep the wind", "EARBR8HjZng-00014-00005250-00005549": "whispers soft through the grass hon the", "EARBR8HjZng-00015-00005550-00005891": "field mice they make not a peep it's", "EARBR8HjZng-00016-00005892-00006281": "been 38 minutes already Jesus Christ", "EARBR8HjZng-00017-00006282-00006902": "what the [__] go to sleep all the kids", "EARBR8HjZng-00018-00006903-00007241": "from daycare are in dreamland the froggy", "EARBR8HjZng-00019-00007242-00007583": "has made his last leap he'll know you", "EARBR8HjZng-00020-00007584-00007731": "can't go to the bathroom", "EARBR8HjZng-00021-00007733-00008056": "you know where you can go the [__] to", "EARBR8HjZng-00022-00008058-00008591": "sleep the Owls fly forth from the", "EARBR8HjZng-00023-00008592-00008891": "treetops through the air they soar and", "EARBR8HjZng-00024-00008892-00009263": "they sweep a hawk cruise enraged feels", "EARBR8HjZng-00025-00009264-00009656": "my heart love for real shut the [__] up", "EARBR8HjZng-00026-00009657-00010189": "and sleep the Cubs and the Lions are", "EARBR8HjZng-00027-00010190-00010585": "snoring wrapped in a big snuggly heap", "EARBR8HjZng-00028-00010586-00010877": "how come you can do all this other great", "EARBR8HjZng-00029-00010878-00011167": "[__] but you can't lie the [__] down and", "EARBR8HjZng-00030-00011168-00011669": "sleep the seeds slumber beneath the", "EARBR8HjZng-00031-00011670-00011873": "earth now and the crops that the farmers", "EARBR8HjZng-00032-00011874-00012253": "will reap no more questions this", "EARBR8HjZng-00033-00012254-00012517": "interviews over I've got two words for", "EARBR8HjZng-00034-00012518-00012883": "you kid [__] sleep", "EARBR8HjZng-00035-00012884-00013180": "the tiger reclines in the simmering", "EARBR8HjZng-00036-00013181-00013511": "jungle the sparrow has silenced her", "EARBR8HjZng-00037-00013512-00013841": "cheap [__] your stuffed bear I'm not", "EARBR8HjZng-00038-00013841-00014060": "getting you [__] close your eyes cut the", "EARBR8HjZng-00039-00014061-00014719": "crap and sleep the flowers doze low in", "EARBR8HjZng-00040-00014720-00015100": "the metals and high on the mountains so", "EARBR8HjZng-00041-00015101-00015503": "steep my life is a failure I'm a shitty", "EARBR8HjZng-00042-00015504-00015841": "ass parent stop [__] with beef please", "EARBR8HjZng-00043-00015843-00016511": "and sleep the giant Penguins of", "EARBR8HjZng-00044-00016512-00016910": "Madagascar are snoozing at bat I lie", "EARBR8HjZng-00045-00016911-00017435": "here and openly weep sure bye", "EARBR8HjZng-00046-00017436-00017800": "whatever I'll bring you some milk who", "EARBR8HjZng-00047-00017801-00018328": "the [__] cares you're not gonna sleep", "EARBR8HjZng-00048-00018329-00018733": "this room is all I can remember the", "EARBR8HjZng-00049-00018734-00019172": "furniture crappy and cheap you win you", "EARBR8HjZng-00050-00019173-00019600": "can escape you run down the hall as I", "EARBR8HjZng-00051-00019601-00019733": "not the [__] off", "EARBR8HjZng-00052-00019734-00020480": "and sleep weary and dazed I awaken to", "EARBR8HjZng-00053-00020481-00020915": "find your eyes shut so I keep my fingers", "EARBR8HjZng-00054-00020916-00021236": "crossed tight as i tiptoe away and I", "EARBR8HjZng-00055-00021237-00021625": "pray that your [__] asleep", "EARBR8HjZng-00056-00021626-00021975": "we're finally watching our movie", "EARBR8HjZng-00057-00021976-00022505": "popcorns in the microwave oh [__] god", "EARBR8HjZng-00058-00022506-00022736": "damn it you've got to be kidding come on", "EARBR8HjZng-00059-00022737-00023053": "go the [__] back to sleep", "EARBR8HjZng-00060-00023054-00023612": "the end", "EARBR8HjZng-00061-00023613-00023859": "thank you all so much for listening to", "EARBR8HjZng-00062-00023860-00024111": "my narration of go the [__] to sleep it", "EARBR8HjZng-00063-00024112-00024351": "has been quite a long time since I've", "EARBR8HjZng-00064-00024352-00024630": "posted on YouTube and given that", "EARBR8HjZng-00065-00024631-00024897": "everyone is sitting at home with fewer", "EARBR8HjZng-00066-00024898-00025044": "things to do than usual", "EARBR8HjZng-00067-00025045-00025221": "I figured I'd upload something a little", "EARBR8HjZng-00068-00025222-00025374": "bit more lighthearted if this even", "EARBR8HjZng-00069-00025375-00025608": "brought a remote smile to your face then", "EARBR8HjZng-00070-00025608-00025992": "it has done its job if you're interested", "EARBR8HjZng-00071-00025993-00026163": "in purchasing the book I left a link in", "EARBR8HjZng-00072-00026164-00026350": "the description", "EARBR8HjZng-00073-00026351-00026658": "and then maybe you can upload your own", "EARBR8HjZng-00074-00026660-00026983": "audio version with yourself sobbing in", "EARBR8HjZng-00075-00026983-00027108": "the background that took quite a few", "EARBR8HjZng-00076-00027110-00027322": "takes I had to really dig deep the", "EARBR8HjZng-00077-00027323-00027483": "figure mole would be a appropriate", "EARBR8HjZng-00078-00027485-00027805": "illness for her sobbing", "EARBR8HjZng-00079-00027806-00028048": "yeah if you have anything else you would", "EARBR8HjZng-00080-00028049-00028225": "like me to narrate feel free to leave", "EARBR8HjZng-00081-00028226-00028504": "that has a comment be sure to like it if", "EARBR8HjZng-00082-00028505-00028737": "you smiled if you enjoyed and I will", "EARBR8HjZng-00083-00028738-00028987": "talk to you all next time have a great", "EARBR8HjZng-00084-00028988-00029300": "day", "EARBR8HjZng-00085-00029301-00029835": "[Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "EAXocBkO8Ru", "text": {"EAXocBkO8Ru-00000-00000016-00000279": "so first question is what type of home", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00001-00000280-00000375": "do you ownership", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00002-00000376-00000902": "are you renting or owning", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00003-00000903-00001247": "is it a single family detached home", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00004-00001248-00001519": "a multiple unit or condo or apartment", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00005-00001520-00001726": "single family detached", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00006-00001727-00002118": "when did you move in 2016", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00007-00002119-00002455": "uh june 8th", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00008-00002456-00003055": "you know your exact date", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00009-00003056-00003399": "so how did you end up", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00010-00003400-00003751": "in houston county here in lunar robbins", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00011-00003752-00003863": "right", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00012-00003864-00004159": "near robbins uh military gas station at", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00013-00004160-00004238": "the base", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00014-00004239-00004631": "tell us a little bit about your house", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00015-00004632-00005095": "uh three bed two bath", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00016-00005096-00005511": "um we call it split", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00017-00005512-00005670": "bedroom so it's like bedroom on one side", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00018-00005671-00005863": "and then two bedrooms on the other side", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00019-00005864-00006175": "i don't know what that's called", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00020-00006176-00006414": "living room kitchen in the middle dining", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00021-00006415-00006591": "room", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00022-00006592-00006975": "fenced in backyard 1700 square feet", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00023-00006976-00007527": "i think", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00024-00007528-00007823": "so does your house have rooftops solar", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00025-00007823-00008127": "no", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00026-00008128-00008374": "so why does it not is this the decision", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00027-00008375-00008527": "that you made or was it one that would", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00028-00008528-00008742": "have been made for you", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00029-00008743-00009167": "uh it came that way when i bought it", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00030-00009168-00009606": "and just not something that i have", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00031-00009607-00009806": "looked into a whole lot other than", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00032-00009807-00010327": "reading some news articles about it", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00033-00010328-00010503": "so would it be something you'd be", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00034-00010504-00010678": "interested in if", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00035-00010679-00010846": "it was would it be something you would", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00036-00010847-00011231": "invest in", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00037-00011232-00011919": "but it will probably", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00038-00011920-00012223": "uh i mean it would definitely", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00039-00012224-00012638": "depend on the cost benefit ratio", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00040-00012639-00012894": "of how much it would cost to install it", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00041-00012895-00013086": "and use it", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00042-00013087-00013511": "and then the benefits of cheaper living", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00043-00013512-00013927": "and or not being", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00044-00013928-00014647": "an obnoxious site on top of the house", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00045-00014647-00014807": "so what do you think the best way to", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00046-00014808-00014983": "find out about the cost", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00047-00014984-00015343": "benefit ratio would be", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00048-00015344-00015550": "i'm sure the internet has a ton of", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00049-00015551-00015735": "information on that", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00050-00015736-00015871": "uh because i've definitely read some", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00051-00015872-00016071": "articles about it", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00052-00016072-00016230": "um people talking about using it stuff", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00053-00016231-00016679": "like that and then obviously", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00054-00016680-00016919": "environmental groups push for it pretty", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00055-00016920-00017103": "big so there's a lot of information on", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00056-00017104-00017422": "it everywhere", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00057-00017423-00017583": "so just reading more into the", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00058-00017584-00017783": "information yeah", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00059-00017784-00018071": "and i'm sure local energy companies", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00060-00018072-00018283": "probably have some information on it as", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00061-00018284-00018391": "well so", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00062-00018392-00018727": "next we're going to", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00063-00018728-00019263": "draw used to have a book", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00064-00019264-00019614": "okay you're going to draw where", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00065-00019615-00020022": "you think the most rooftop solar is used", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00066-00020023-00020294": "in the united states where you think", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00067-00020295-00020422": "most people have", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00068-00020423-00020639": "root chop solar i would definitely say", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00069-00020640-00020807": "west", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00070-00020808-00021071": "just color draw a circle however you", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00071-00021072-00021271": "want to identify", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00072-00021272-00021575": "that why do you think they would have it", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00073-00021576-00021791": "more than georgia", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00074-00021792-00022167": "uh", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00075-00022168-00022327": "so a lot of the western states are a lot", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00076-00022328-00022655": "more sparsely populated", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00077-00022656-00022894": "i think it's harder to get it's probably", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00078-00022895-00023127": "harder to get energy into those areas", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00079-00023128-00023430": "more expensive and then there's also", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00080-00023431-00023639": "a whole lot of sun and desert in that", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00081-00023640-00023814": "area too and i've been out there so i've", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00082-00023815-00024030": "seen a lot of solar panels and", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00083-00024031-00024263": "uh wind turbines and stuff like that out", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00084-00024264-00024391": "there i don't really see any of that in", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00085-00024392-00024647": "georgia", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00086-00024648-00024958": "okay flip your paper ever now you get to", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00087-00024959-00025071": "do it to georgia", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00088-00025072-00025327": "where do you think solar is more used in", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00089-00025328-00025591": "georgia", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00090-00025592-00025934": "i have absolutely no idea", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00091-00025935-00026239": "what's your best guess", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00092-00026239-00026646": "the cities that are highlighted are just", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00093-00026647-00026870": "to give you points of reference yeah i", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00094-00026872-00027007": "mean i would say it would be around the", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00095-00027008-00027087": "atlanta", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00096-00027088-00027351": "area honestly why would you think", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00097-00027352-00027535": "atlanta more than", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00098-00027536-00027958": "your southern part of georgia", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00099-00027960-00028279": "uh a larger more diverse population", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00100-00028280-00028374": "you're going to have a lot of people", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00101-00028375-00028614": "that are looking into uh", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00102-00028616-00028983": "energy crisis uh factors", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00103-00028983-00029335": "or avoiding energy crises um", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00104-00029336-00029614": "as well as wealthier homeowners in that", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00105-00029616-00029767": "area", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00106-00029768-00029990": "or in the areas around atlanta that", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00107-00029991-00030183": "would be able to", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00108-00030183-00030687": "invest in that technology and", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00109-00030688-00030927": "yeah i think you also get it so like", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00110-00030927-00031062": "with the diversity you also get a lot", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00111-00031063-00031223": "more people that are", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00112-00031224-00031590": "um", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00113-00031591-00031943": "i guess a lot more open-minded into", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00114-00031944-00032102": "things that are happening around them", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00115-00032103-00032239": "and so there's probably gonna be a lot", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00116-00032239-00032518": "more environmentally", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00117-00032519-00033079": "uh conscious people living in really", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00118-00033080-00033383": "so do you have any close friends that", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00119-00033384-00033631": "have rooftop solar", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00120-00033632-00033990": "no no why do you think that it's", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00121-00033991-00034118": "probably the same reason i don't they", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00122-00034119-00034359": "either bought a home that didn't have it", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00123-00034360-00034487": "just never", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00124-00034488-00034679": "looked into it or i think a lot of them", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00125-00034680-00034855": "are renting", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00126-00034856-00035083": "as well so it would be kind of like the", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00127-00035084-00035174": "landowner the", "EAXocBkO8Ru-00128-00035175-00035744": "landlord's decision"}}, {"audio_id": "EB0Hmw2D6vI", "text": {"EB0Hmw2D6vI-00000-00000078-00000443": "foreign", "EB0Hmw2D6vI-00001-00000444-00000641": "we have a lot of people in Douglas", "EB0Hmw2D6vI-00002-00000642-00000862": "County that are not aware of our", "EB0Hmw2D6vI-00003-00000863-00001115": "transportation service or even what we", "EB0Hmw2D6vI-00004-00001116-00001343": "provide connect Douglas is a bus service", "EB0Hmw2D6vI-00005-00001344-00001630": "is public transportation we have four", "EB0Hmw2D6vI-00006-00001632-00001859": "routes that travels in and around", "EB0Hmw2D6vI-00007-00001860-00002123": "Douglas County I'd like to add that I'm", "EB0Hmw2D6vI-00008-00002124-00002375": "very thankful for this because it gives", "EB0Hmw2D6vI-00009-00002376-00002621": "us especially our senior citizens and", "EB0Hmw2D6vI-00010-00002622-00002776": "some of the other citizens of our", "EB0Hmw2D6vI-00011-00002777-00003047": "community and opportunity to go places", "EB0Hmw2D6vI-00012-00003048-00003245": "without having to drive they may not", "EB0Hmw2D6vI-00013-00003246-00003449": "have transportation may not be able to", "EB0Hmw2D6vI-00014-00003450-00003683": "drive so it helps them to get out and", "EB0Hmw2D6vI-00015-00003684-00003977": "about to take care of errands or just", "EB0Hmw2D6vI-00016-00003978-00004169": "for entertainment so this it was", "EB0Hmw2D6vI-00017-00004170-00004420": "important for me this program is", "EB0Hmw2D6vI-00018-00004421-00004760": "important to me for that reason"}}, {"audio_id": "EBY5sZtITy0", "text": {"EBY5sZtITy0-00000-00000663-00001015": "here's the latest from Earth now this", "EBY5sZtITy0-00001-00001016-00001174": "display shows the NOAA climate digest", "EBY5sZtITy0-00002-00001175-00001543": "for august 2013 the climate digest", "EBY5sZtITy0-00003-00001544-00001785": "summarizes noteworthy statistics for the", "EBY5sZtITy0-00004-00001786-00002104": "month season and year the average global", "EBY5sZtITy0-00005-00002105-00002320": "land and ocean temperature for August", "EBY5sZtITy0-00006-00002321-00002592": "tied with 2005 as the fourth warmest", "EBY5sZtITy0-00007-00002593-00002904": "august since records began in 1880", "EBY5sZtITy0-00008-00002905-00003187": "Alaska saw its 2nd warmest summer since", "EBY5sZtITy0-00009-00003188-00003478": "records began in 1918 while Australia", "EBY5sZtITy0-00010-00003479-00003663": "experienced the second highest average", "EBY5sZtITy0-00011-00003664-00003904": "maximum temperature on record for both", "EBY5sZtITy0-00012-00003904-00004111": "August and the winter season since", "EBY5sZtITy0-00013-00004112-00004339": "records began in nineteen ten New", "EBY5sZtITy0-00014-00004340-00004531": "Zealand also observed its warmest august", "EBY5sZtITy0-00015-00004532-00004741": "and winter season since records began in", "EBY5sZtITy0-00016-00004742-00005029": "1909 typhoon brought heavy", "EBY5sZtITy0-00017-00005030-00005233": "rainfall to the Philippines Taiwan and", "EBY5sZtITy0-00018-00005234-00005680": "China with maximum winds at 137 km/h the", "EBY5sZtITy0-00019-00005681-00005929": "major flooding brought 27.5 inches of", "EBY5sZtITy0-00020-00005930-00006178": "rain to northern Taiwan trami was the", "EBY5sZtITy0-00021-00006179-00006358": "12th tropical cyclone to hit China", "EBY5sZtITy0-00022-00006359-00006810": "during 2013 to date the 2013 Asian", "EBY5sZtITy0-00023-00006811-00007023": "southwest monsoon season has brought", "EBY5sZtITy0-00024-00007024-00007387": "India 110 percent of the 1951 to 2000", "EBY5sZtITy0-00025-00007388-00007633": "average rainfall this was certainly not", "EBY5sZtITy0-00026-00007634-00007819": "the case for Germany which observed its", "EBY5sZtITy0-00027-00007820-00008124": "driest summer since 2003 with just 79", "EBY5sZtITy0-00028-00008125-00008463": "percent of the 1981 to 2010 average", "EBY5sZtITy0-00029-00008464-00008802": "rainfall this real-time dataset is", "EBY5sZtITy0-00030-00008803-00008959": "updated monthly and shows the global", "EBY5sZtITy0-00031-00008960-00009123": "land and ocean temperature anomalies", "EBY5sZtITy0-00032-00009124-00009319": "anomalies are simply departures from", "EBY5sZtITy0-00033-00009320-00009544": "average blue colors indicate cooler than", "EBY5sZtITy0-00034-00009545-00009720": "normal temperatures whereas red colors", "EBY5sZtITy0-00035-00009721-00009859": "indicate warmer than normal temperatures", "EBY5sZtITy0-00036-00009860-00010130": "white indicates near average conditions", "EBY5sZtITy0-00037-00010131-00010395": "first we can see the deep blue colors", "EBY5sZtITy0-00038-00010396-00010614": "over the eastern United States as well", "EBY5sZtITy0-00039-00010615-00010816": "as Far East Russia and parts of South", "EBY5sZtITy0-00040-00010817-00011010": "Africa indicating below average", "EBY5sZtITy0-00041-00011011-00011376": "temperatures throughout august 2013 for", "EBY5sZtITy0-00042-00011377-00011577": "the month of august 2013 there were no", "EBY5sZtITy0-00043-00011578-00011776": "regions of the globe experiencing record", "EBY5sZtITy0-00044-00011777-00012073": "cold read portions of the map highlights", "EBY5sZtITy0-00045-00012074-00012240": "several regions around the world the", "EBY5sZtITy0-00046-00012241-00012489": "experienced above average warmth these", "EBY5sZtITy0-00047-00012490-00012748": "areas include Australia northern South", "EBY5sZtITy0-00048-00012749-00013038": "America Western North America Europe and", "EBY5sZtITy0-00049-00013039-00013337": "much of eastern Asia", "EBY5sZtITy0-00050-00013338-00013599": "this real-time dataset shows sea surface", "EBY5sZtITy0-00051-00013600-00013776": "temperature anomalies measured by NOAA", "EBY5sZtITy0-00052-00013777-00014061": "satellites blue colors indicate cooler", "EBY5sZtITy0-00053-00014062-00014283": "than normal ocean temperatures whereas", "EBY5sZtITy0-00054-00014284-00014469": "red indicates warmer than normal ocean", "EBY5sZtITy0-00055-00014469-00014772": "temperatures notably the August global", "EBY5sZtITy0-00056-00014772-00015107": "ocean temperature tied with 1998 2003", "EBY5sZtITy0-00057-00015108-00015465": "2005 and 2009 as the record highest for", "EBY5sZtITy0-00058-00015466-00015690": "August portions of the barents sea in", "EBY5sZtITy0-00059-00015691-00015849": "the Arctic region sections of the", "EBY5sZtITy0-00060-00015850-00016062": "western Pacific Ocean as well as part of", "EBY5sZtITy0-00061-00016063-00016227": "the southern central Indian Ocean had", "EBY5sZtITy0-00062-00016228-00016482": "record warmth in August although ocean", "EBY5sZtITy0-00063-00016483-00016674": "temperatures also Hubbard slightly above", "EBY5sZtITy0-00064-00016675-00016847": "average in the Eastern tropical Pacific", "EBY5sZtITy0-00065-00016848-00017049": "Noah's Climate Prediction Center", "EBY5sZtITy0-00066-00017050-00017277": "predicts that the neutral el nino La", "EBY5sZtITy0-00067-00017278-00017472": "Nina conditions will continue through at", "EBY5sZtITy0-00068-00017473-00017751": "least the Northern Hemisphere winter now", "EBY5sZtITy0-00069-00017752-00017892": "take a look at some of the ocean", "EBY5sZtITy0-00070-00017893-00018647": "temperature differences around the world", "EBY5sZtITy0-00071-00018648-00018903": "this real-time dataset collected by", "EBY5sZtITy0-00072-00018904-00019092": "microwave sensors on NOAA satellites", "EBY5sZtITy0-00073-00019093-00019293": "shows snow and ice cover updated daily", "EBY5sZtITy0-00074-00019294-00019527": "watch the progression of days and note", "EBY5sZtITy0-00075-00019528-00019692": "the retreat and expansion of snowfall", "EBY5sZtITy0-00076-00019693-00019956": "the August sea ice extent for the Arctic", "EBY5sZtITy0-00077-00019957-00020133": "was 15 point seven percent below the", "EBY5sZtITy0-00078-00020134-00020478": "1981 to 2010 average this makes it the", "EBY5sZtITy0-00079-00020479-00020727": "six smallest ice extent in the 35-year", "EBY5sZtITy0-00080-00020728-00020994": "record for the month of August finally", "EBY5sZtITy0-00081-00020995-00021177": "we'll move to Antarctica and discover", "EBY5sZtITy0-00082-00021178-00021396": "that it's sea ice extent for August was", "EBY5sZtITy0-00083-00021397-00021621": "four point five percent above the 1981", "EBY5sZtITy0-00084-00021622-00021872": "to 2010 average making it the largest", "EBY5sZtITy0-00085-00021873-00022128": "August ice extent in the 35 year period", "EBY5sZtITy0-00086-00022129-00022500": "of record and that's your august 2013", "EBY5sZtITy0-00087-00022501-00022806": "climate digest for more information", "EBY5sZtITy0-00088-00022807-00022965": "please visit the website shown at the", "EBY5sZtITy0-00089-00022966-00023226": "end of this video"}}, {"audio_id": "EC2mRmXqv9y", "text": {"EC2mRmXqv9y-00000-00000000-00000065": "foreign", "EC2mRmXqv9y-00001-00000066-00002395": "[Music]", "EC2mRmXqv9y-00002-00002396-00002689": "[Music]", "EC2mRmXqv9y-00003-00002690-00002933": "Capital Theater", "EC2mRmXqv9y-00004-00002934-00003192": "foreign", 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seconds", "EC2DTfRNBJM-00004-00001646-00002172": "topic usage", "EC2DTfRNBJM-00005-00002173-00002559": "UTC - zero hours 25 minutes and 21", "EC2DTfRNBJM-00006-00002560-00002772": "seconds was used in Ireland as Dublin", "EC2DTfRNBJM-00007-00002773-00003111": "meantime Dublin meantime was introduced", "EC2DTfRNBJM-00008-00003112-00003339": "by the statutes definition of time act", "EC2DTfRNBJM-00009-00003340-00003611": "1880 which also defined Greenwich Mean", "EC2DTfRNBJM-00010-00003613-00003886": "Time GMT as legal time in Great Britain", "EC2DTfRNBJM-00011-00003888-00004185": "this act replaced local Mean Time which", "EC2DTfRNBJM-00012-00004186-00004374": "had been held to be the legal time since", "EC2DTfRNBJM-00013-00004375-00004731": "Curtis V March in 1858 throughout the", "EC2DTfRNBJM-00014-00004732-00004902": "United Kingdom of Great Britain and", "EC2DTfRNBJM-00015-00004903-00005283": "Ireland from 2:00 a.m. Dublin summer", "EC2DTfRNBJM-00016-00005284-00005589": "time on Sunday the 1st of October 1916", "EC2DTfRNBJM-00017-00005590-00005862": "the time Ireland act 1916", "EC2DTfRNBJM-00018-00005863-00006045": "changed the time used in Ireland to be", "EC2DTfRNBJM-00019-00006046-00006201": "the same as that used in Great Britain", "EC2DTfRNBJM-00020-00006202-00006393": "both during summer time and at other", "EC2DTfRNBJM-00021-00006394-00006623": "times"}}, {"audio_id": "EC62s0GvrzI", "text": {"EC62s0GvrzI-00000-00000046-00000511": "[Music]", "EC62s0GvrzI-00001-00000512-00000774": "vaccines do not only exist for medical", "EC62s0GvrzI-00002-00000775-00000878": "purposes", "EC62s0GvrzI-00003-00000880-00001095": "they are actually also there to protect", "EC62s0GvrzI-00004-00001096-00001343": "against malware so these are so-called", "EC62s0GvrzI-00005-00001344-00001519": "melva vaccines", "EC62s0GvrzI-00006-00001520-00001743": "and just like their counterparts in", "EC62s0GvrzI-00007-00001744-00001847": "medicine", "EC62s0GvrzI-00008-00001848-00002199": "they apply harmless parts of the malware", "EC62s0GvrzI-00009-00002200-00002423": "to protect the system", "EC62s0GvrzI-00010-00002424-00002526": "but", "EC62s0GvrzI-00011-00002527-00002726": "in contrast to", "EC62s0GvrzI-00012-00002727-00002966": "vaccines in medicine", "EC62s0GvrzI-00013-00002967-00003166": "they do not improve the security", "EC62s0GvrzI-00014-00003167-00003406": "response of the system", "EC62s0GvrzI-00015-00003407-00003695": "instead they trick the member to believe", "EC62s0GvrzI-00016-00003696-00003959": "that the system is already infected or", "EC62s0GvrzI-00017-00003960-00004254": "they trick the malware into malfunction", "EC62s0GvrzI-00018-00004255-00004454": "now in 2012", "EC62s0GvrzI-00019-00004455-00004783": "uh there was a paper by two researchers", "EC62s0GvrzI-00020-00004784-00005079": "um their names were vechiman and", "EC62s0GvrzI-00021-00005080-00005383": "gerhart's padilla so they were german", "EC62s0GvrzI-00022-00005384-00005463": "and", "EC62s0GvrzI-00023-00005464-00005695": "they investigated automatic extraction", "EC62s0GvrzI-00024-00005696-00005886": "of infection markers", "EC62s0GvrzI-00025-00005887-00006134": "so they can generate vaccines against", "EC62s0GvrzI-00026-00006135-00006263": "matter", "EC62s0GvrzI-00027-00006264-00006446": "and", "EC62s0GvrzI-00028-00006447-00006767": "well vichman and gerhard's padilla they", "EC62s0GvrzI-00029-00006768-00007198": "created a taxonomy of infection markers", "EC62s0GvrzI-00030-00007200-00007295": "this", "EC62s0GvrzI-00031-00007295-00007431": "taxonomy", "EC62s0GvrzI-00032-00007431-00007695": "is one i use as a basis and changed", "EC62s0GvrzI-00033-00007695-00007927": "around a bit so we can apply this to", "EC62s0GvrzI-00034-00007928-00008167": "male vaccines", "EC62s0GvrzI-00035-00008168-00008423": "in general because infection markers are", "EC62s0GvrzI-00036-00008424-00008719": "not the only ingredient that can make", "EC62s0GvrzI-00037-00008720-00009239": "another vaccine", "EC62s0GvrzI-00038-00009240-00009583": "vaccines can exploit matter", "EC62s0GvrzI-00039-00009584-00009855": "they can feed data to the mother so that", "EC62s0GvrzI-00040-00009856-00010078": "the mavic crashes or", "EC62s0GvrzI-00041-00010079-00010263": "malfunctions", "EC62s0GvrzI-00042-00010264-00010735": "doesn't work the way it was intended to", "EC62s0GvrzI-00043-00010736-00011006": "let's say you have a", "EC62s0GvrzI-00044-00011007-00011374": "buggy remote access malware and it", "EC62s0GvrzI-00045-00011375-00011559": "writes the c2", "EC62s0GvrzI-00046-00011560-00011759": "server into the registry", "EC62s0GvrzI-00047-00011760-00012031": "and once this registry", "EC62s0GvrzI-00048-00012032-00012255": "entry is set with the c2 it will never", "EC62s0GvrzI-00049-00012256-00012487": "be changed by the member now let's say", "EC62s0GvrzI-00050-00012488-00012774": "you apply this", "EC62s0GvrzI-00051-00012775-00013055": "c2 yourself and put one in that doesn't", "EC62s0GvrzI-00052-00013056-00013255": "work so", "EC62s0GvrzI-00053-00013256-00013511": "the c2 can never communicate with that", "EC62s0GvrzI-00054-00013512-00013638": "um", "EC62s0GvrzI-00055-00013640-00013919": "so now the mavi thinks it has already", "EC62s0GvrzI-00056-00013919-00014143": "set the setting will never", "EC62s0GvrzI-00057-00014144-00014430": "change it and there's never a", "EC62s0GvrzI-00058-00014431-00014671": "c2 server that can actually control the", "EC62s0GvrzI-00059-00014672-00014935": "maver in that case you have a vaccine", "EC62s0GvrzI-00060-00014936-00015015": "that", "EC62s0GvrzI-00061-00015016-00015255": "essentially", "EC62s0GvrzI-00062-00015256-00015463": "makes the main functionality of the", "EC62s0GvrzI-00063-00015463-00015775": "mirror not working anymore so it cannot", "EC62s0GvrzI-00064-00015776-00016030": "cause harm anymore but it's still active", "EC62s0GvrzI-00065-00016031-00016286": "and it's the on the system and may still", "EC62s0GvrzI-00066-00016287-00016607": "have persistent and so on", "EC62s0GvrzI-00067-00016608-00017079": "um in august 2020 there was a blog post", "EC62s0GvrzI-00068-00017080-00017327": "about emo crash vaccine it was published", "EC62s0GvrzI-00069-00017328-00017503": "by james quinn", "EC62s0GvrzI-00070-00017504-00017735": "and this vaccine creates a buffer", "EC62s0GvrzI-00071-00017736-00018039": "overflow in immortete which is a very", "EC62s0GvrzI-00072-00018040-00018286": "good example of this kind of mirror", "EC62s0GvrzI-00073-00018287-00018447": "exploitation so", "EC62s0GvrzI-00074-00018448-00018567": "um", "EC62s0GvrzI-00075-00018568-00018775": "but apart from those from infection", "EC62s0GvrzI-00076-00018776-00018894": "markers and", "EC62s0GvrzI-00077-00018895-00019191": "exploits vaccines can also use system", "EC62s0GvrzI-00078-00019192-00019358": "exclusions that are done by the", "EC62s0GvrzI-00079-00019359-00019479": "mayweather so", "EC62s0GvrzI-00080-00019480-00019711": "malware may not only check for infection", "EC62s0GvrzI-00081-00019712-00020094": "markers it may also check for", "EC62s0GvrzI-00082-00020095-00020271": "let's say the developer of the media", "EC62s0GvrzI-00083-00020272-00020447": "will exclude their own development", "EC62s0GvrzI-00084-00020448-00020567": "system", "EC62s0GvrzI-00085-00020568-00020839": "so that the matter in case they executed", "EC62s0GvrzI-00086-00020840-00021167": "that the marvel doesn't harm the system", "EC62s0GvrzI-00087-00021168-00021414": "it's developed on yeah so this is", "EC62s0GvrzI-00088-00021415-00021567": "something you can use", "EC62s0GvrzI-00089-00021568-00021743": "um as well as", "EC62s0GvrzI-00090-00021744-00021855": "certain", "EC62s0GvrzI-00091-00021856-00022111": "regions languages that are excluded by", "EC62s0GvrzI-00092-00022112-00022286": "mirrors so oftentimes you see marvel", "EC62s0GvrzI-00093-00022287-00022550": "that doesn't infect systems that have", "EC62s0GvrzI-00094-00022551-00022647": "russian", "EC62s0GvrzI-00095-00022648-00022911": "ukrainian keralic", "EC62s0GvrzI-00096-00022912-00023135": "keyboard settings", "EC62s0GvrzI-00097-00023136-00023367": "and if you use that", "EC62s0GvrzI-00098-00023368-00023614": "as a vaccine can also work if you trick", "EC62s0GvrzI-00099-00023615-00023855": "them out into believing this setting is", "EC62s0GvrzI-00100-00023856-00023967": "there", "EC62s0GvrzI-00101-00023968-00024294": "same could be done with vm", "EC62s0GvrzI-00102-00024295-00024519": "checks so wherever that does not run in", "EC62s0GvrzI-00103-00024520-00024878": "a sandbox or in a virtual machine", "EC62s0GvrzI-00104-00024879-00025063": "just pretend your system is a virtual", "EC62s0GvrzI-00105-00025064-00025263": "machine", "EC62s0GvrzI-00106-00025264-00025494": "malware doesn't work anymore so", "EC62s0GvrzI-00107-00025495-00025646": "those are possible", "EC62s0GvrzI-00108-00025647-00026014": "um ingredients", "EC62s0GvrzI-00109-00026016-00026374": "so back to the paper um", "EC62s0GvrzI-00110-00026375-00026583": "as i said i created a taxonomy that's a", "EC62s0GvrzI-00111-00026583-00027190": "bit similar so let's take a look at that", "EC62s0GvrzI-00112-00027191-00027439": "firstly vaccines can be distinguished by", "EC62s0GvrzI-00113-00027439-00027679": "the locations they are applied to and", "EC62s0GvrzI-00114-00027680-00027855": "the lifetime they have", "EC62s0GvrzI-00115-00027856-00028079": "the infection marker or data introduced", "EC62s0GvrzI-00116-00028080-00028351": "by the vaccine can be in the registry in", "EC62s0GvrzI-00117-00028352-00028687": "the memory or on the fire system", "EC62s0GvrzI-00118-00028688-00028974": "lifetime refers to whether the changes", "EC62s0GvrzI-00119-00028975-00029190": "done to the system are volatile or", "EC62s0GvrzI-00120-00029191-00029487": "permanent volatile changes for instance", "EC62s0GvrzI-00121-00029488-00029799": "mutexes will be removed after reboot", "EC62s0GvrzI-00122-00029800-00029990": "that means vaccines based on volatile", "EC62s0GvrzI-00123-00029991-00030279": "data need to be re-applied whereas", "EC62s0GvrzI-00124-00030280-00030631": "permanent vaccines stay on the system", "EC62s0GvrzI-00125-00030632-00030902": "the location of the vaccine marker check", "EC62s0GvrzI-00126-00030903-00031199": "in the maver code is important too", "EC62s0GvrzI-00127-00031200-00031390": "this check can be done by any part of", "EC62s0GvrzI-00128-00031391-00031599": "the malware infection chain which has", "EC62s0GvrzI-00129-00031600-00031935": "implications on the protection quality", "EC62s0GvrzI-00130-00031936-00032167": "if the installer checks the marker and", "EC62s0GvrzI-00131-00032168-00032374": "not the main payload the vaccine will", "EC62s0GvrzI-00132-00032375-00032551": "not have any effect on different", "EC62s0GvrzI-00133-00032552-00032807": "installers for the same malware and", "EC62s0GvrzI-00134-00032808-00033007": "installers are often the first thing", "EC62s0GvrzI-00135-00033008-00033215": "that changes making the vaccine less", "EC62s0GvrzI-00136-00033216-00033390": "likely to last", "EC62s0GvrzI-00137-00033391-00033623": "if a later part of the infection chain", "EC62s0GvrzI-00138-00033624-00033902": "does the marker check earlier parts can", "EC62s0GvrzI-00139-00033903-00034207": "still perform undesired system changes", "EC62s0GvrzI-00140-00034208-00034479": "so there are pros and cons", "EC62s0GvrzI-00141-00034480-00034599": "four", "EC62s0GvrzI-00142-00034600-00034823": "the time of the market check is relevant", "EC62s0GvrzI-00143-00034824-00035015": "for the protection quality", "EC62s0GvrzI-00144-00035016-00035239": "malware may check only once or", "EC62s0GvrzI-00145-00035240-00035455": "continuously in the latter case the", "EC62s0GvrzI-00146-00035456-00035646": "vaccine will help to shut down malware", "EC62s0GvrzI-00147-00035647-00035959": "on already infected systems but it also", "EC62s0GvrzI-00148-00035960-00036151": "means the mavic can reanimate if the", "EC62s0GvrzI-00149-00036152-00036455": "vaccine somehow gets removed", "EC62s0GvrzI-00150-00036456-00036790": "vaccine markers can be static or dynamic", "EC62s0GvrzI-00151-00036791-00037030": "a dynamic marker is calculated per", "EC62s0GvrzI-00152-00037031-00037135": "system", "EC62s0GvrzI-00153-00037136-00037367": "for instance a malware may generate a", "EC62s0GvrzI-00154-00037368-00037630": "mutex or filename based on system", "EC62s0GvrzI-00155-00037631-00037839": "information so it generates a different", "EC62s0GvrzI-00156-00037840-00038046": "one for each system", "EC62s0GvrzI-00157-00038047-00038311": "dynamic vaccines need to use the same", "EC62s0GvrzI-00158-00038312-00038535": "algorithm to generate their markers", "EC62s0GvrzI-00159-00038536-00038759": "static vaccines on the other hand apply", "EC62s0GvrzI-00160-00038760-00039046": "the same marker for every system", "EC62s0GvrzI-00161-00039047-00039343": "static vaccines generally are easier to", "EC62s0GvrzI-00162-00039344-00039574": "extract automatically", "EC62s0GvrzI-00163-00039575-00039783": "as already mentioned the vaccines", "EC62s0GvrzI-00164-00039784-00040023": "themselves can either deliver bad input", "EC62s0GvrzI-00165-00040024-00040302": "that causes the malware to malfunction", "EC62s0GvrzI-00166-00040303-00040415": "they can be", "EC62s0GvrzI-00167-00040416-00040615": "based on exclusion techniques of the", "EC62s0GvrzI-00168-00040616-00041007": "merger or on marvel infection markers", "EC62s0GvrzI-00169-00041008-00041302": "finally we can also distinguish vaccines", "EC62s0GvrzI-00170-00041303-00041502": "by what malware function they actually", "EC62s0GvrzI-00171-00041503-00041615": "prevent", "EC62s0GvrzI-00172-00041616-00041839": "infection markers generally prevent", "EC62s0GvrzI-00173-00041840-00042143": "persistence but vaccines can also render", "EC62s0GvrzI-00174-00042144-00042374": "other functionality ineffective that is", "EC62s0GvrzI-00175-00042375-00042671": "for instance the c2 communication or", "EC62s0GvrzI-00176-00042672-00043046": "ransomware encryption and so on", "EC62s0GvrzI-00177-00043047-00043255": "let's now take a look at an example", "EC62s0GvrzI-00178-00043256-00043502": "vaccine that john parole and me created", "EC62s0GvrzI-00179-00043503-00043807": "for stop dj view ransomware", "EC62s0GvrzI-00180-00043808-00044015": "this vaccine creates a file with a", "EC62s0GvrzI-00181-00044016-00044246": "specific file name that is used by stop", "EC62s0GvrzI-00182-00044247-00044558": "ransomware to save the encryption key", "EC62s0GvrzI-00183-00044559-00044790": "our vaccine places an invalid key in", "EC62s0GvrzI-00184-00044791-00045007": "this file that will cause the ransomware", "EC62s0GvrzI-00185-00045008-00045271": "to fail when it tries to encrypt files", "EC62s0GvrzI-00186-00045272-00045543": "thus it does not prevent infection but", "EC62s0GvrzI-00187-00045544-00045702": "the main functionality which is", "EC62s0GvrzI-00188-00045703-00045967": "encryption in this case", "EC62s0GvrzI-00189-00045968-00046230": "this vaccine is static the same file", "EC62s0GvrzI-00190-00046231-00046471": "with the same content is placed on every", "EC62s0GvrzI-00191-00046472-00046743": "system it works by delivering bad input", "EC62s0GvrzI-00192-00046744-00046902": "to the ransomware", "EC62s0GvrzI-00193-00046903-00047183": "it places something on the file system", "EC62s0GvrzI-00194-00047184-00047446": "and this is a permanent change", "EC62s0GvrzI-00195-00047447-00047655": "it affects the main payload of the meri", "EC62s0GvrzI-00196-00047656-00047839": "infection chain", "EC62s0GvrzI-00197-00047840-00048055": "i'm not sure how often the marker check", "EC62s0GvrzI-00198-00048056-00048295": "is done so i'm leaving that out but", "EC62s0GvrzI-00199-00048296-00048535": "generally stop does not stay on a system", "EC62s0GvrzI-00200-00048536-00048783": "anyways after encryption is done so the", "EC62s0GvrzI-00201-00048784-00048990": "marker check has no actual influence", "EC62s0GvrzI-00202-00048991-00049127": "here", "EC62s0GvrzI-00203-00049128-00049351": "so to sum this up what are the pros and", "EC62s0GvrzI-00204-00049352-00049646": "cons of member vaccines", "EC62s0GvrzI-00205-00049647-00049911": "one major advantage is that vaccines", "EC62s0GvrzI-00206-00049912-00050199": "work passively they have no performance", "EC62s0GvrzI-00207-00050200-00050455": "impact in contrast to let's say", "EC62s0GvrzI-00208-00050456-00050646": "signature scanning", "EC62s0GvrzI-00209-00050647-00050862": "they work independently from any kind of", "EC62s0GvrzI-00210-00050863-00051151": "obfuscation packing anti-reversing", "EC62s0GvrzI-00211-00051152-00051287": "techniques", "EC62s0GvrzI-00212-00051288-00051494": "some vaccines can help on already", "EC62s0GvrzI-00213-00051495-00051719": "infected systems and networks", "EC62s0GvrzI-00214-00051720-00051919": "this is especially useful if you want to", "EC62s0GvrzI-00215-00051920-00052175": "contain an outbreak of a worm infection", "EC62s0GvrzI-00216-00052176-00052382": "in a network and cannot turn off all", "EC62s0GvrzI-00217-00052383-00052607": "machines connected to it", "EC62s0GvrzI-00218-00052608-00052775": "actually this is probably one of the", "EC62s0GvrzI-00219-00052776-00053038": "distinct use cases where vaccines really", "EC62s0GvrzI-00220-00053039-00053166": "shine", "EC62s0GvrzI-00221-00053167-00053479": "a huge disadvantage is that systems with", "EC62s0GvrzI-00222-00053479-00053759": "vaccines on them look infected that has", "EC62s0GvrzI-00223-00053760-00054054": "some bad effects that is for instance", "EC62s0GvrzI-00224-00054055-00054287": "with cross-usage of antimarriage", "EC62s0GvrzI-00225-00054288-00054550": "scanners which will determine that your", "EC62s0GvrzI-00226-00054551-00054719": "system is infected and remove the", "EC62s0GvrzI-00227-00054720-00054894": "vaccine", "EC62s0GvrzI-00228-00054895-00055166": "the user on the other hand will think", "EC62s0GvrzI-00229-00055167-00055438": "their anti-malware product was unable to", "EC62s0GvrzI-00230-00055439-00055719": "protect them from a persistent infection", "EC62s0GvrzI-00231-00055720-00056071": "even worse it may seem that the system", "EC62s0GvrzI-00232-00056072-00056287": "gets re-infected all the time if the", "EC62s0GvrzI-00233-00056288-00056615": "vaccine is automatically reapplied", "EC62s0GvrzI-00234-00056616-00056847": "some vaccines can have side effects if", "EC62s0GvrzI-00235-00056848-00057166": "they rely on system changes that have an", "EC62s0GvrzI-00236-00057167-00057430": "effect on how the system works for", "EC62s0GvrzI-00237-00057432-00057654": "instance a crude generic vaccine could", "EC62s0GvrzI-00238-00057655-00057847": "change your system language to russian", "EC62s0GvrzI-00239-00057848-00058054": "because some malware families will not", "EC62s0GvrzI-00240-00058055-00058359": "infect such systems but i doubt many", "EC62s0GvrzI-00241-00058360-00058654": "users would be okay with that", "EC62s0GvrzI-00242-00058655-00058950": "lastly vaccines are generally silent", "EC62s0GvrzI-00243-00058951-00059215": "that means the users will not even know", "EC62s0GvrzI-00244-00059216-00059382": "their system was protected by the", "EC62s0GvrzI-00245-00059383-00059607": "vaccine they will not learn that their", "EC62s0GvrzI-00246-00059608-00059815": "actions like downloading and running a", "EC62s0GvrzI-00247-00059816-00060094": "certain program caused the mirror attack", "EC62s0GvrzI-00248-00060095-00060319": "they will not know that installing the", "EC62s0GvrzI-00249-00060320-00060599": "vaccine did any good for them it is a", "EC62s0GvrzI-00250-00060600-00060871": "little bit like doing things proactively", "EC62s0GvrzI-00251-00060872-00061079": "for your health you will never know if", "EC62s0GvrzI-00252-00061079-00061319": "that worked and that's why many people", "EC62s0GvrzI-00253-00061320-00061703": "don't do it there is seemingly no reward", "EC62s0GvrzI-00254-00061704-00061999": "so by the way i think", "EC62s0GvrzI-00255-00062000-00062223": "if you want to train your media analysis", "EC62s0GvrzI-00256-00062224-00062415": "skills and you look for", "EC62s0GvrzI-00257-00062416-00062550": "tasks", "EC62s0GvrzI-00258-00062551-00062959": "goals you can do to train them", "EC62s0GvrzI-00259-00062960-00063247": "try to find a new vaccine it's i think a", "EC62s0GvrzI-00260-00063248-00063415": "great way where you can", "EC62s0GvrzI-00261-00063416-00063726": "you know use a lot of your creativity to", "EC62s0GvrzI-00262-00063727-00063911": "find something that uh", "EC62s0GvrzI-00263-00063912-00064159": "would work because the possibilities you", "EC62s0GvrzI-00264-00064160-00064279": "have", "EC62s0GvrzI-00265-00064279-00064487": "well of course they depend on them you", "EC62s0GvrzI-00266-00064488-00064719": "can find some where it's very easy to", "EC62s0GvrzI-00267-00064720-00064982": "extract a vaccine but for some others it", "EC62s0GvrzI-00268-00064983-00065206": "might be more difficult and you need to", "EC62s0GvrzI-00269-00065207-00065375": "look more but", "EC62s0GvrzI-00270-00065376-00065606": "it's a good um idea if you need", "EC62s0GvrzI-00271-00065607-00065726": "something", "EC62s0GvrzI-00272-00065727-00066223": "some goal to work on so um yeah", "EC62s0GvrzI-00273-00066224-00066487": "also research on my vaccines i haven't", "EC62s0GvrzI-00274-00066488-00066782": "found a lot of papers on this so if you", "EC62s0GvrzI-00275-00066783-00067006": "are trying to find a", "EC62s0GvrzI-00276-00067007-00067182": "thesis topic", "EC62s0GvrzI-00277-00067183-00067335": "or", "EC62s0GvrzI-00278-00067336-00067494": "something in that direction some", "EC62s0GvrzI-00279-00067495-00067703": "research topic", "EC62s0GvrzI-00280-00067704-00067999": "maybe look into that again so", "EC62s0GvrzI-00281-00068000-00068199": "try to find something", "EC62s0GvrzI-00282-00068200-00068350": "and", "EC62s0GvrzI-00283-00068351-00068511": "if you want to let me know in the", "EC62s0GvrzI-00284-00068512-00068623": "comments", "EC62s0GvrzI-00285-00068624-00068926": "if you have questions let me know so", "EC62s0GvrzI-00286-00068927-00069283": "see you next time"}}, {"audio_id": "EChGVcppD9Q", "text": {"EChGVcppD9Q-00000-00000003-00000378": "from San Jose California it's the cube", "EChGVcppD9Q-00001-00000379-00001062": "covering Big Data Silicon Valley 2017", "EChGVcppD9Q-00002-00001063-00001397": "welcome back everyone we are at Big Data", "EChGVcppD9Q-00003-00001398-00001591": "Silicon Valley running in conjunction", "EChGVcppD9Q-00004-00001592-00001857": "with strata in Hadoop world in San Jose", "EChGVcppD9Q-00005-00001859-00002114": "I'm George Gilbert and i'm joined by ray", "EChGVcppD9Q-00006-00002115-00002687": "me steady and Remy was most recently CEO", "EChGVcppD9Q-00007-00002688-00002968": "and founder of Alta scale Hadoop as a", "EChGVcppD9Q-00008-00002969-00003263": "service vendor one of the one of the few", "EChGVcppD9Q-00009-00003264-00003586": "out there not part of we're not part of", "EChGVcppD9Q-00010-00003588-00003827": "one of the public clouds and in keeping", "EChGVcppD9Q-00011-00003828-00003940": "with all the great work they've done", "EChGVcppD9Q-00012-00003942-00004277": "they got snapped up by sa P so ray me", "EChGVcppD9Q-00013-00004278-00004466": "since we haven't seen you I think on the", "EChGVcppD9Q-00014-00004467-00004619": "cube since that's happened why don't you", "EChGVcppD9Q-00015-00004620-00004913": "catch us up with all that all the the", "EChGVcppD9Q-00016-00004914-00005072": "good work that's gone on between you and", "EChGVcppD9Q-00017-00005073-00005431": "si P since then sure so the acquisition", "EChGVcppD9Q-00018-00005432-00005652": "closed back in September so it's been", "EChGVcppD9Q-00019-00005653-00005927": "about six months it's been a very busy", "EChGVcppD9Q-00020-00005928-00006218": "six months you know there's just a lot", "EChGVcppD9Q-00021-00006219-00006386": "of blocking and tackling that needs to", "EChGVcppD9Q-00022-00006387-00006520": "happen so you know getting people on", "EChGVcppD9Q-00023-00006522-00006770": "board getting new laptops a lot of good", "EChGVcppD9Q-00024-00006770-00006928": "stuff but but certainly a huge effort", "EChGVcppD9Q-00025-00006929-00007262": "for us was to open up a datacenter in", "EChGVcppD9Q-00026-00007263-00007637": "Europe we've long had to man you know to", "EChGVcppD9Q-00027-00007638-00007913": "have that European presence both because", "EChGVcppD9Q-00028-00007914-00008027": "I think there's a lot of interest in", "EChGVcppD9Q-00029-00008028-00008206": "Anup over in Europe itself but also", "EChGVcppD9Q-00030-00008207-00008462": "large multinational companies based in", "EChGVcppD9Q-00031-00008463-00008612": "the US you know it's important for them", "EChGVcppD9Q-00032-00008613-00008860": "to have that European presence as well", "EChGVcppD9Q-00033-00008861-00009289": "so it was a natural a natural thing to", "EChGVcppD9Q-00034-00009290-00009470": "do as part of us ap so kind of first", "EChGVcppD9Q-00035-00009471-00009692": "order of business was to expand expand", "EChGVcppD9Q-00036-00009693-00009884": "over into Europe so that was a that was", "EChGVcppD9Q-00037-00009885-00010285": "a big exercise we've actually had some", "EChGVcppD9Q-00038-00010286-00010544": "good traction on the sales side right so", "EChGVcppD9Q-00039-00010545-00010721": "we're getting new customers larger", "EChGVcppD9Q-00040-00010722-00010994": "customers more demanding customers in", "EChGVcppD9Q-00041-00010995-00011144": "which which has been a good challenge to", "EChGVcppD9Q-00042-00011145-00011485": "the team so let's let's pause for a", "EChGVcppD9Q-00043-00011486-00011770": "minute a sort of unpacked for folks what", "EChGVcppD9Q-00044-00011771-00012002": "multiscale offered that the core", "EChGVcppD9Q-00045-00012003-00012233": "services sure that you know that we're", "EChGVcppD9Q-00046-00012234-00012424": "here in the US and now you've extended", "EChGVcppD9Q-00047-00012425-00012739": "to europe right so our our our core", "EChGVcppD9Q-00048-00012740-00012958": "platform is kind of Hadoop hive and", "EChGVcppD9Q-00049-00012959-00013172": "spark you know as a service in", "EChGVcppD9Q-00050-00013172-00013444": "cloud and so we we would offer HDFS in", "EChGVcppD9Q-00051-00013445-00013838": "yarn from Hadoop spark and hive kind of", "EChGVcppD9Q-00052-00013838-00014050": "well integrated and we would offer that", "EChGVcppD9Q-00053-00014051-00014266": "as a cloud service so you would just you", "EChGVcppD9Q-00054-00014268-00014464": "know get an account login you know store", "EChGVcppD9Q-00055-00014465-00014683": "stuff in HDFS from on run your spark", "EChGVcppD9Q-00056-00014684-00015080": "programs and the way we encourage people", "EChGVcppD9Q-00057-00015081-00015250": "to think about it is very often I think", "EChGVcppD9Q-00058-00015251-00015515": "vendors have trained folks in the Big", "EChGVcppD9Q-00059-00015516-00015661": "Data space to think about nodes you know", "EChGVcppD9Q-00060-00015662-00015794": "how many nodes am I gonna get what kind", "EChGVcppD9Q-00061-00015794-00016022": "of nose am I gonna get and and the way", "EChGVcppD9Q-00062-00016022-00016205": "you know we really forced people to", "EChGVcppD9Q-00063-00016206-00016519": "think twice about Hadoop and what hit", "EChGVcppD9Q-00064-00016520-00016721": "you because a service means is to say", "EChGVcppD9Q-00065-00016722-00016910": "don't you know why are you asking that", "EChGVcppD9Q-00066-00016911-00017042": "you don't need to know about no it's", "EChGVcppD9Q-00067-00017043-00017303": "just store stuff run your jobs we worry", "EChGVcppD9Q-00068-00017304-00017758": "about nodes and that you know the ones", "EChGVcppD9Q-00069-00017759-00017956": "people kind of understood you know just", "EChGVcppD9Q-00070-00017957-00018136": "how much complexity that takes out of", "EChGVcppD9Q-00071-00018137-00018331": "their lives and how how that just", "EChGVcppD9Q-00072-00018332-00018593": "enables them to truly focus on using", "EChGVcppD9Q-00073-00018594-00018772": "these technologies to get business value", "EChGVcppD9Q-00074-00018773-00019072": "rather than operating them you know", "EChGVcppD9Q-00075-00019073-00019258": "there's a ha moment in the sales cycle", "EChGVcppD9Q-00076-00019259-00019439": "where people say yeah that's what I want", "EChGVcppD9Q-00077-00019440-00019708": "I want Hadoop as a service so so that's", "EChGVcppD9Q-00078-00019709-00019928": "been our value proposition from from the", "EChGVcppD9Q-00079-00019929-00020249": "beginning and it's remained you know", "EChGVcppD9Q-00080-00020250-00020477": "quite constant and even coming into S ap", "EChGVcppD9Q-00081-00020478-00020856": "that's not changing you know one bit so", "EChGVcppD9Q-00082-00020857-00021115": "just to be clear then it's like a lot of", "EChGVcppD9Q-00083-00021116-00021383": "the operational responsibilities sort of", "EChGVcppD9Q-00084-00021384-00021706": "you took control over so that when you", "EChGVcppD9Q-00085-00021707-00021875": "say like don't worry about nodes its", "EChGVcppD9Q-00086-00021876-00022202": "customer pours X amount of data into", "EChGVcppD9Q-00087-00022203-00022493": "storage which in your case would be HDFS", "EChGVcppD9Q-00088-00022494-00022778": "and then compute is independent of that", "EChGVcppD9Q-00089-00022779-00023102": "they need you spin up however many or", "EChGVcppD9Q-00090-00023103-00023359": "however however much capacity they need", "EChGVcppD9Q-00091-00023360-00023567": "with spark for instance to process it or", "EChGVcppD9Q-00092-00023568-00023972": "hive right okay so it's like in all on", "EChGVcppD9Q-00093-00023973-00024269": "demand yeah so it sounds like it's how", "EChGVcppD9Q-00094-00024270-00024586": "close to like the bigquery or athina", "EChGVcppD9Q-00095-00024587-00024890": "services athina on AWS or bigquery on", "EChGVcppD9Q-00096-00024891-00025139": "Google where you're not aware of any", "EChGVcppD9Q-00097-00025140-00025461": "servers either for storage or for", "EChGVcppD9Q-00098-00025462-00025576": "company", "EChGVcppD9Q-00099-00025577-00025852": "how yeah I mean I think that's a very", "EChGVcppD9Q-00100-00025852-00026110": "good comparable it's very much like", "EChGVcppD9Q-00101-00026111-00026374": "Athena in big worry where you just store", "EChGVcppD9Q-00102-00026375-00026551": "stuff in tables and you issue queries", "EChGVcppD9Q-00103-00026552-00026749": "and you don't worry about how much and", "EChGVcppD9Q-00104-00026750-00027027": "compute you know and and and managing it", "EChGVcppD9Q-00105-00027029-00027433": "I think by throwing you know spark in", "EChGVcppD9Q-00106-00027433-00027757": "the equation and and yarn more generally", "EChGVcppD9Q-00107-00027758-00028210": "right we can handle a broader range of", "EChGVcppD9Q-00108-00028211-00028411": "use cases so for example you don't have", "EChGVcppD9Q-00109-00028412-00028702": "to store file and data into tables you", "EChGVcppD9Q-00110-00028702-00028876": "can store them into HDFS files which is", "EChGVcppD9Q-00111-00028877-00029130": "good for processing log data for example", "EChGVcppD9Q-00112-00029131-00029374": "and with SPARC for example you have", "EChGVcppD9Q-00113-00029375-00029508": "access to a lot of machine learning", "EChGVcppD9Q-00114-00029510-00029854": "algorithms that are a little bit harder", "EChGVcppD9Q-00115-00029855-00030250": "to run in the context of say Athena so I", "EChGVcppD9Q-00116-00030251-00030469": "think it's it's it's the same model in", "EChGVcppD9Q-00117-00030470-00030720": "terms of it's it's it's it's you know", "EChGVcppD9Q-00118-00030722-00030952": "fully operated for you but but a broader", "EChGVcppD9Q-00119-00030952-00031198": "platform in terms of its capabilities ok", "EChGVcppD9Q-00120-00031199-00031489": "so now let's talk about what s AP", "EChGVcppD9Q-00121-00031489-00031630": "brought to the table and how that", "EChGVcppD9Q-00122-00031631-00031801": "changed the use cases that were", "EChGVcppD9Q-00123-00031802-00032133": "appropriate for office scale you know", "EChGVcppD9Q-00124-00032135-00032449": "starting at the at the data layer yeah", "EChGVcppD9Q-00125-00032450-00032911": "so I mean I think the certainly from the", "EChGVcppD9Q-00126-00032912-00033349": "business perspective s ap brings a a", "EChGVcppD9Q-00127-00033350-00033585": "large very engaged customer base that", "EChGVcppD9Q-00128-00033586-00034141": "you know is is eager to embrace kind of", "EChGVcppD9Q-00129-00034142-00034399": "a data driven mindset and and culture as", "EChGVcppD9Q-00130-00034400-00034627": "looking for a partner to help them do", "EChGVcppD9Q-00131-00034628-00034825": "that right and and so that's that's been", "EChGVcppD9Q-00132-00034826-00035098": "great to be in that environment si P has", "EChGVcppD9Q-00133-00035099-00035413": "a number of additional technologies that", "EChGVcppD9Q-00134-00035414-00035590": "we've been integrating you know into the", "EChGVcppD9Q-00135-00035591-00035788": "LT scale offering so one of them is Vora", "EChGVcppD9Q-00136-00035789-00036097": "which is kind of an interactive sequel", "EChGVcppD9Q-00137-00036098-00036310": "engine it also has a time series", "EChGVcppD9Q-00138-00036311-00036520": "capabilities and graph capabilities and", "EChGVcppD9Q-00139-00036521-00036715": "search capabilities so it so it has a", "EChGVcppD9Q-00140-00036716-00036985": "lot of additive capabilities if you will", "EChGVcppD9Q-00141-00036986-00037168": "to to what we have it all to scale and", "EChGVcppD9Q-00142-00037169-00037498": "it also integrates very deeply into Hana", "EChGVcppD9Q-00143-00037499-00037879": "itself and so we now have that for", "EChGVcppD9Q-00144-00037880-00038217": "technology available as a service at", "EChGVcppD9Q-00145-00038218-00038436": "let me make sure so that everyone", "EChGVcppD9Q-00146-00038437-00038676": "understands and so I understand - it's", "EChGVcppD9Q-00147-00038677-00038933": "that so that you can issue queries from", "EChGVcppD9Q-00148-00038934-00038987": "Hana", "EChGVcppD9Q-00149-00038988-00039264": "and they can you know beyond just simple", "EChGVcppD9Q-00150-00039265-00039602": "sequel queries they can handle the time", "EChGVcppD9Q-00151-00039603-00040010": "series and predictive analytics and", "EChGVcppD9Q-00152-00040011-00040317": "access data sort of seamlessly that then", "EChGVcppD9Q-00153-00040318-00040727": "Hadoop or can it go the other way as", "EChGVcppD9Q-00154-00040728-00040773": "well", "EChGVcppD9Q-00155-00040774-00041085": "it's both way so you can you know from", "EChGVcppD9Q-00156-00041086-00041382": "Hana you can essentially Fedder a tan in", "EChGVcppD9Q-00157-00041383-00041561": "Tavor and through that access data", "EChGVcppD9Q-00158-00041562-00041874": "that's in in a Hadoop cluster but but", "EChGVcppD9Q-00159-00041875-00042014": "it's also the other way around a lot of", "EChGVcppD9Q-00160-00042015-00042264": "times there's there's an analyst - who", "EChGVcppD9Q-00161-00042265-00042417": "really lives in the big data world right", "EChGVcppD9Q-00162-00042418-00042624": "there they're there and the Hadoop world", "EChGVcppD9Q-00163-00042625-00043011": "but they want to join in data that's", "EChGVcppD9Q-00164-00043012-00043151": "sitting in a Hana database you know", "EChGVcppD9Q-00165-00043152-00043370": "might be dimensions in a warehouse or", "EChGVcppD9Q-00166-00043371-00043545": "you know customer details even in a", "EChGVcppD9Q-00167-00043546-00043886": "transactional system and so you know", "EChGVcppD9Q-00168-00043887-00044189": "that Hadoop based analyst you know now", "EChGVcppD9Q-00169-00044190-00044379": "has access to data that's out in those", "EChGVcppD9Q-00170-00044380-00044589": "Hana databases do you have some", "EChGVcppD9Q-00171-00044590-00044739": "lighthouse accounts that are working", "EChGVcppD9Q-00172-00044740-00045446": "with this already he yes we do yes we", "EChGVcppD9Q-00173-00045447-00045665": "did okay thank you I guess that was the", "EChGVcppD9Q-00174-00045666-00045993": "diplomatic us way of saying yes but no", "EChGVcppD9Q-00175-00045994-00046124": "comment", "EChGVcppD9Q-00176-00046125-00046427": "all right so so tell us more about sa", "EChGVcppD9Q-00177-00046428-00046689": "Pease big data stack today and how that", "EChGVcppD9Q-00178-00046690-00047004": "might evolve yeah I mean I of course now", "EChGVcppD9Q-00179-00047005-00047226": "especially in the cloud we've got you", "EChGVcppD9Q-00180-00047227-00047468": "know the SPARC could do you know hive", "EChGVcppD9Q-00181-00047469-00047627": "offering that that we have and then", "EChGVcppD9Q-00182-00047628-00047918": "before sitting on top of that there's", "EChGVcppD9Q-00183-00047919-00048101": "an offering called predictive analytics", "EChGVcppD9Q-00184-00048102-00048345": "which is SPARC based predictive", "EChGVcppD9Q-00185-00048346-00048558": "analytics is that something that came", "EChGVcppD9Q-00186-00048559-00048737": "from you or that that's an SI p thing", "EChGVcppD9Q-00187-00048738-00048885": "right and this is what's been great", "EChGVcppD9Q-00188-00048886-00049124": "about about the acquisition is that that", "EChGVcppD9Q-00189-00049125-00049364": "you know SI p does you know does have a", "EChGVcppD9Q-00190-00049365-00049571": "lot of technologies that we can now", "EChGVcppD9Q-00191-00049572-00050252": "integrate and and and and and it brings", "EChGVcppD9Q-00192-00050253-00050462": "new capabilities to to our customer base", "EChGVcppD9Q-00193-00050463-00051068": "so those three are kind of pretty key", "EChGVcppD9Q-00194-00051069-00051189": "and then there's something called data", "EChGVcppD9Q-00195-00051190-00051431": "services as well which allows us to move", "EChGVcppD9Q-00196-00051432-00051699": "data easily in and out of you know hana", "EChGVcppD9Q-00197-00051700-00051962": "and other data stores is it is is this", "EChGVcppD9Q-00198-00051963-00052220": "the ability to federate queries between", "EChGVcppD9Q-00199-00052221-00052637": "you know Hadoop and and Hana and then", "EChGVcppD9Q-00200-00052638-00052887": "migration of the data between the stores", "EChGVcppD9Q-00201-00052888-00053148": "does that has that changed the economics", "EChGVcppD9Q-00202-00053149-00053523": "of how much data and people s IP", "EChGVcppD9Q-00203-00053524-00053837": "customers maintain and sort of what type", "EChGVcppD9Q-00204-00053838-00054012": "of apps that can build on it now that", "EChGVcppD9Q-00205-00054013-00054297": "they might you know my it's economically", "EChGVcppD9Q-00206-00054298-00054605": "sort of feasible to store a lot more", "EChGVcppD9Q-00207-00054607-00055140": "data well yes and no I mean I think the", "EChGVcppD9Q-00208-00055141-00055374": "context of all to scale both before and", "EChGVcppD9Q-00209-00055375-00055575": "after the acquisition is very often", "EChGVcppD9Q-00210-00055576-00055797": "there's what you might call a big data", "EChGVcppD9Q-00211-00055798-00056018": "source right it could be your web logs", "EChGVcppD9Q-00212-00056019-00056265": "it could be some you know IOT generated", "EChGVcppD9Q-00213-00056266-00056487": "log data it could be social media", "EChGVcppD9Q-00214-00056488-00056771": "streams now this is data that's you know", "EChGVcppD9Q-00215-00056772-00056975": "doesn't have a lot of structure coming", "EChGVcppD9Q-00216-00056976-00057390": "in it's fairly voluminous it doesn't", "EChGVcppD9Q-00217-00057391-00057581": "very naturally go into a sequel database", "EChGVcppD9Q-00218-00057582-00057713": "you know and and that's kind of the", "EChGVcppD9Q-00219-00057714-00057900": "sweet spot for for the Big Data", "EChGVcppD9Q-00220-00057901-00058310": "technologies I could even spark so", "EChGVcppD9Q-00221-00058311-00058578": "those data is you know come into your", "EChGVcppD9Q-00222-00058579-00058923": "your a big data environment you can you", "EChGVcppD9Q-00223-00058924-00059058": "can transform it you can do some data", "EChGVcppD9Q-00224-00059059-00059337": "quality on it and then you can", "EChGVcppD9Q-00225-00059338-00059544": "eventually stage it into something like", "EChGVcppD9Q-00226-00059545-00059949": "on a data Mart where you know to make it", "EChGVcppD9Q-00227-00059950-00060102": "available for reporting but but", "EChGVcppD9Q-00228-00060103-00060225": "obviously there's stuff that you can do", "EChGVcppD9Q-00229-00060226-00060504": "on the larger data set in in Hadoop as", "EChGVcppD9Q-00230-00060504-00060735": "well and so in a way yes", "EChGVcppD9Q-00231-00060736-00060990": "you can now tame if you will those those", "EChGVcppD9Q-00232-00060991-00061215": "huge data sources that you know weren't", "EChGVcppD9Q-00233-00061216-00061517": "practical to put into you know into a", "EChGVcppD9Q-00234-00061519-00061875": "database a if you were to prioritize in", "EChGVcppD9Q-00235-00061876-00062103": "the context of sort of the application s", "EChGVcppD9Q-00236-00062104-00062508": "AP applications s ap focus on would you", "EChGVcppD9Q-00237-00062509-00062721": "be sort of with the highest priority use", "EChGVcppD9Q-00238-00062722-00062985": "case be IOT related stuff where you know", "EChGVcppD9Q-00239-00062986-00063246": "was just prohibitive to put it in Hana", "EChGVcppD9Q-00240-00063247-00063504": "since it's mostly in memory but you know", "EChGVcppD9Q-00241-00063504-00063849": "s ap is exposed to tons of that type of", "EChGVcppD9Q-00242-00063850-00064122": "data which would seem to most naturally", "EChGVcppD9Q-00243-00064123-00064440": "have affinity to all to scale yeah so I", "EChGVcppD9Q-00244-00064441-00064682": "mean I have to use a big initiative and", "EChGVcppD9Q-00245-00064683-00064923": "there's a great use case you know for", "EChGVcppD9Q-00246-00064924-00065097": "for big data but you know financial the", "EChGVcppD9Q-00247-00065098-00065298": "financial services industry as another", "EChGVcppD9Q-00248-00065299-00065622": "example you know is fairly down the path", "EChGVcppD9Q-00249-00065623-00065916": "you know using using Hadoop technologies", "EChGVcppD9Q-00250-00065917-00066156": "for many different use cases and and so", "EChGVcppD9Q-00251-00066157-00066477": "that's that's also an opportunity for us", "EChGVcppD9Q-00252-00066478-00066726": "so let me pop back up you know but", "EChGVcppD9Q-00253-00066727-00067203": "before we have to wrap with with Alto", "EChGVcppD9Q-00254-00067204-00067665": "scale as part of the s IP portfolio have", "EChGVcppD9Q-00255-00067666-00067881": "the two companies sort of gone to", "EChGVcppD9Q-00256-00067882-00068085": "customers with a more with more", "EChGVcppD9Q-00257-00068086-00068346": "transformational options that you know", "EChGVcppD9Q-00258-00068347-00068736": "you'll sell together yeah we we have in", "EChGVcppD9Q-00259-00068737-00068988": "fact", "EChGVcppD9Q-00260-00068989-00069247": "all to scale actually no longer call", "EChGVcppD9Q-00261-00069248-00069439": "about the scale right we're we're part", "EChGVcppD9Q-00262-00069440-00069733": "of a portfolio products you know known", "EChGVcppD9Q-00263-00069734-00070006": "as the sa P cloud platform so you know", "EChGVcppD9Q-00264-00070007-00070180": "under the cloud platform where are the", "EChGVcppD9Q-00265-00070181-00070558": "big data services the the SE p cloud", "EChGVcppD9Q-00266-00070559-00070942": "platform you know is all about business", "EChGVcppD9Q-00267-00070943-00071298": "transformation and business innovation", "EChGVcppD9Q-00268-00071299-00071692": "and so we bring to that portfolio the", "EChGVcppD9Q-00269-00071693-00071938": "ability to now bring the types of data", "EChGVcppD9Q-00270-00071939-00072124": "sources that I just discussed you know", "EChGVcppD9Q-00271-00072125-00072334": "to bear on these transformative efforts", "EChGVcppD9Q-00272-00072335-00072823": "and so you know we fit we fit into some", "EChGVcppD9Q-00273-00072824-00073024": "momentum s if he already has right to", "EChGVcppD9Q-00274-00073025-00073470": "help companies drive change okay so and", "EChGVcppD9Q-00275-00073471-00073843": "along those lines which might be I mean", "EChGVcppD9Q-00276-00073844-00074083": "we know the financial services has been", "EChGVcppD9Q-00277-00074084-00074341": "has has done a lot of work with and and", "EChGVcppD9Q-00278-00074342-00074668": "I guess telcos as well what are some of", "EChGVcppD9Q-00279-00074669-00074869": "the the other verticals that are that", "EChGVcppD9Q-00280-00074870-00075121": "look like they're primed to fall you", "EChGVcppD9Q-00281-00075122-00075349": "know with this type of transformational", "EChGVcppD9Q-00282-00075350-00075589": "well yeah you so you mentioned one which", "EChGVcppD9Q-00283-00075590-00075841": "which I kind of call manufacturing right", "EChGVcppD9Q-00284-00075842-00076158": "and and there's tends to be two kind of", "EChGVcppD9Q-00285-00076159-00076441": "different use cases there one of them I", "EChGVcppD9Q-00286-00076442-00076747": "call kind of the shop floor thing where", "EChGVcppD9Q-00287-00076748-00076888": "you're collecting a lot of sensor data", "EChGVcppD9Q-00288-00076889-00077125": "now out of a manufacturing facility with", "EChGVcppD9Q-00289-00077126-00077385": "the goal of increasing yield typically", "EChGVcppD9Q-00290-00077386-00077584": "so you've got the shop floor and then", "EChGVcppD9Q-00291-00077585-00077980": "you've got I think more commonly", "EChGVcppD9Q-00292-00077981-00078253": "discussed you know measuring stuff out", "EChGVcppD9Q-00293-00078254-00078385": "in the field you've got a product you", "EChGVcppD9Q-00294-00078386-00078469": "know out in the field", "EChGVcppD9Q-00295-00078470-00078685": "bringing the telemetry back doing things", "EChGVcppD9Q-00296-00078686-00078898": "like predictive maintenance so I think", "EChGVcppD9Q-00297-00078899-00079294": "manufacturing you know is a is a big", "EChGVcppD9Q-00298-00079295-00079534": "sector ready to go for for big data in", "EChGVcppD9Q-00299-00079535-00079780": "healthcare is is another one you know", "EChGVcppD9Q-00300-00079781-00080007": "people pulling together electronic", "EChGVcppD9Q-00301-00080008-00080167": "medical records you know trying to", "EChGVcppD9Q-00302-00080168-00080443": "combine that with clinical outcomes and", "EChGVcppD9Q-00303-00080444-00080866": "I think the big focus there is to drive", "EChGVcppD9Q-00304-00080867-00081196": "towards kind of outcome based models", "EChGVcppD9Q-00305-00081197-00081385": "even on the on the payment side and and", "EChGVcppD9Q-00306-00081386-00081694": "big data is is really valuable to try to", "EChGVcppD9Q-00307-00081695-00081907": "assess you know kind of outcomes in an", "EChGVcppD9Q-00308-00081908-00082204": "aggregate way okay we're gonna have to", "EChGVcppD9Q-00309-00082205-00082402": "leave it on that note but we will tune", "EChGVcppD9Q-00310-00082403-00082675": "back in that I guess sapphire or tech", "EChGVcppD9Q-00311-00082676-00082945": "head whichever of the AP shows us coming", "EChGVcppD9Q-00312-00082946-00083074": "up next to get an update", "EChGVcppD9Q-00313-00083075-00083389": "sapphires next that in tech at okay with", "EChGVcppD9Q-00314-00083390-00083698": "that this George Gilbert and Rama's data", "EChGVcppD9Q-00315-00083699-00083929": "we will be back in a few moments with", "EChGVcppD9Q-00316-00083930-00084160": "another segment we're here at big data", "EChGVcppD9Q-00317-00084161-00084370": "Silicon Valley running in conjunction", "EChGVcppD9Q-00318-00084371-00084724": "with strata in Hadoop world stay tuned", "EChGVcppD9Q-00319-00084725-00085072": "we'll be right we'll be right back"}}, {"audio_id": "EClKgkPSXfQ", "text": {"EClKgkPSXfQ-00000-00000448-00000623": "what are some ibe objectives", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00001-00000624-00000782": "you know whatever you choose to focus on", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00002-00000783-00000958": "the objectives shift", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00003-00000959-00001095": "okay they can have a lot of different", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00004-00001096-00001335": "factors so let's walk through what you", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00005-00001336-00001487": "really should expect", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00006-00001488-00001782": "first let's assess the risk if something", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00007-00001784-00001830": "fails", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00008-00001832-00002063": "that's it so if something fails and it's", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00009-00002064-00002215": "out as obsolescent", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00010-00002216-00002471": "you can't get it anymore that becomes a", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00011-00002472-00002526": "problem", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00012-00002527-00002671": "you know it's not your fault the part", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00013-00002672-00002839": "wasn't supposed to fail right so it's", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00014-00002840-00002879": "just", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00015-00002880-00003118": "but it does happen so you need to know", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00016-00003119-00003199": "though", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00017-00003200-00003415": "those areas of risk and ibe can do that", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00018-00003415-00003631": "for you hey i have this equipment that's", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00019-00003632-00003886": "if it fails i don't know if we'll get a", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00020-00003887-00003975": "spare", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00021-00003976-00004270": "at least at that point you're in control", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00022-00004271-00004351": "it also", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00023-00004352-00004606": "point number two we assess the condition", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00024-00004607-00004711": "of our equipment", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00025-00004712-00004847": "just think about it you're walking", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00026-00004848-00005015": "through the plant you're looking at the", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00027-00005016-00005095": "stuff", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00028-00005096-00005238": "so first of all you may be able to get", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00029-00005239-00005415": "things like thermal rise", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00030-00005416-00005654": "are my enclosures jam-packed are they", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00031-00005655-00005815": "are they getting the cooling that they", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00032-00005816-00005886": "need", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00033-00005887-00006095": "right sometimes things get added added", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00034-00006096-00006199": "to enclosures", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00035-00006200-00006375": "and the cooling doesn't factor in so", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00036-00006376-00006559": "just just note that", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00037-00006559-00006855": "environmental protection you know do i", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00038-00006856-00007151": "have a lot of dust dirt and contaminants", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00039-00007152-00007383": "getting to my equipment just know those", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00040-00007384-00007534": "just know those facts and then you can", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00041-00007536-00007639": "address them", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00042-00007640-00007823": "in this general operating conditions in", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00043-00007823-00007967": "the physical", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00044-00007968-00008167": "presence of the equipment just be real", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00045-00008168-00008335": "with it you know you've seen some scary", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00046-00008336-00008503": "stuff out there i've walked into plants", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00047-00008504-00008759": "and i've seen doors missing off mcc's", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00048-00008760-00009095": "exposing live live bus bar it's real", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00049-00009096-00009231": "but if you at least know about it and", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00050-00009232-00009446": "document it you can make a plan to fix", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00051-00009447-00009519": "it right", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00052-00009520-00009703": "number three we can assess our", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00053-00009704-00009855": "protection of that equipment so what", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00054-00009856-00009967": "we're talking about there", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00055-00009968-00010071": "we're talking about short circuit", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00056-00010072-00010238": "protection overload protection", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00057-00010239-00010383": "coordination protection", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00058-00010384-00010574": "do you know that the equipment is safe", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00059-00010575-00010742": "that's really it that's where are we", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00060-00010743-00010935": "under protected are we over protected", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00061-00010936-00011103": "need to find it out need to document it", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00062-00011104-00011319": "and ibe is a great way to do that", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00063-00011320-00011583": "number four criticality assessment now", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00064-00011584-00011703": "this was where you can get a little", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00065-00011704-00011855": "contentious because", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00066-00011856-00012110": "who defines what is critical well it", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00067-00012111-00012278": "depends on who you ask right", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00068-00012279-00012527": "so you really need to understand here", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00069-00012528-00012719": "what impacts the process", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00070-00012720-00012958": "because it may be a critical part to", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00071-00012959-00013183": "this operator or to this group of", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00072-00013184-00013303": "managers", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00073-00013304-00013471": "but if it really doesn't impact the", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00074-00013472-00013743": "overall process of your equipment", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00075-00013744-00013943": "it probably can fall on a lower scale", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00076-00013944-00014158": "from a criticality standpoint okay", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00077-00014159-00014327": "so it's a great and ibe gives you a", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00078-00014328-00014471": "chance to really do that criticality", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00079-00014472-00014558": "assessment", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00080-00014559-00014766": "number five it helps you identify", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00081-00014768-00014975": "functional improvement areas okay", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00082-00014976-00015135": "this is where we can find areas to", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00083-00015136-00015375": "enhance maybe there's new technology", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00084-00015376-00015694": "it can also help us find that surplus or", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00085-00015695-00015815": "that obsolete", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00086-00015816-00016055": "inventory you know think about this why", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00087-00016056-00016207": "are we carrying 10 spares if we only", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00088-00016208-00016391": "have one ohms installed", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00089-00016392-00016663": "that is that scenario exists right now", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00090-00016664-00016775": "in so many plants", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00091-00016776-00016958": "that people just don't know about it so", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00092-00016959-00017150": "you need to have that or maybe why am i", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00093-00017151-00017375": "holding that part that's 50 years old", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00094-00017376-00017543": "you don't need it anymore right", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00095-00017544-00017743": "and it can also identify gaps in your", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00096-00017744-00017943": "spares you know think about if you have", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00097-00017944-00018111": "20 pieces of equipment installed", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00098-00018112-00018327": "and you only have one spare are you", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00099-00018328-00018463": "sleeping good in that scenario", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00100-00018464-00018735": "because i'm not you know i got no spares", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00101-00018736-00018830": "right", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00102-00018831-00019030": "at least if i know i have some equipment", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00103-00019031-00019271": "installed and i don't have spares", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00104-00019272-00019471": "i'm managing that risk i know that risk", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00105-00019472-00019583": "exists i may", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00106-00019584-00019830": "choose to accept that risk but at least", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00107-00019831-00019991": "it's in i'm in control there", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00108-00019992-00020294": "so ibe does that and finally the big one", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00109-00020295-00020327": "for", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00110-00020328-00020550": "for ibes it helps you prioritize your", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00111-00020551-00020711": "capital in your activity", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00112-00020712-00020999": "every plant is resource restricted", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00113-00021000-00021175": "there's only so many people", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00114-00021176-00021367": "there's only so much money there's only", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00115-00021368-00021535": "so many things you can focus on", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00116-00021536-00021783": "so an ibe will help at least lay that", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00117-00021784-00021903": "that foundation", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00118-00021904-00022150": "to know where you need to take action to", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00119-00022151-00022483": "really make the most impact moving", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00120-00022484-00022767": "forward", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00121-00022768-00024414": "[Music]", "EClKgkPSXfQ-00122-00024415-00024623": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "ECroX5E2jPE", "text": {"ECroX5E2jPE-00000-00000032-00000303": "do you have plans for the 4th of july", "ECroX5E2jPE-00001-00000304-00000591": "hi i'm tom daves with exp realty well", "ECroX5E2jPE-00002-00000592-00000695": "first of all", "ECroX5E2jPE-00003-00000696-00000919": "we would like to honor all of the men", "ECroX5E2jPE-00004-00000919-00001015": "and women", "ECroX5E2jPE-00005-00001016-00001391": "who fought to serve this great country", "ECroX5E2jPE-00006-00001392-00001726": "for our independence and so because of", "ECroX5E2jPE-00007-00001727-00001798": "that", "ECroX5E2jPE-00008-00001800-00002063": "we would like to donate to and", "ECroX5E2jPE-00009-00002064-00002167": "contribute", "ECroX5E2jPE-00010-00002168-00002455": "to the wounded warrior project for every", "ECroX5E2jPE-00011-00002456-00002607": "client that we serve", "ECroX5E2jPE-00012-00002608-00002926": "for the month of july wow", "ECroX5E2jPE-00013-00002927-00003175": "4th of july when i think of the 4th of", "ECroX5E2jPE-00014-00003176-00003247": "july", "ECroX5E2jPE-00015-00003247-00003519": "i think of some great memories that i", "ECroX5E2jPE-00016-00003520-00003559": "have", "ECroX5E2jPE-00017-00003560-00003831": "growing up as a kid we used to go to the", "ECroX5E2jPE-00018-00003832-00004054": "old fairgrounds in sacramento", "ECroX5E2jPE-00019-00004055-00004399": "even before cal expo well here are a few", "ECroX5E2jPE-00020-00004400-00004647": "events that you can consider there's", "ECroX5E2jPE-00021-00004648-00004735": "fireworks", "ECroX5E2jPE-00022-00004736-00004967": "at raley field you can lay out on the", "ECroX5E2jPE-00023-00004968-00005151": "grass and watch the fireworks", "ECroX5E2jPE-00024-00005152-00005511": "the gates open at seven o'clock or", "ECroX5E2jPE-00025-00005512-00005822": "auburn parade is at 10 30 in old town of", "ECroX5E2jPE-00026-00005823-00005895": "auburn", "ECroX5E2jPE-00027-00005896-00006175": "and the fireworks start at 8 30. in", "ECroX5E2jPE-00028-00006176-00006254": "roseville", "ECroX5E2jPE-00029-00006255-00006470": "at the fairgrounds there's fireworks at", "ECroX5E2jPE-00030-00006472-00006663": "the great american speedway", "ECroX5E2jPE-00031-00006664-00006903": "and if you're up in el dorado county you", "ECroX5E2jPE-00032-00006904-00007167": "can go to the el dorado county fair", "ECroX5E2jPE-00033-00007168-00007439": "and watch the fireworks or if you want", "ECroX5E2jPE-00034-00007440-00007606": "to venture up to tahoe", "ECroX5E2jPE-00035-00007608-00007814": "at south shore they have some great", "ECroX5E2jPE-00036-00007815-00007910": "fireworks", "ECroX5E2jPE-00037-00007911-00008239": "at south shore state line or if you're", "ECroX5E2jPE-00038-00008240-00008359": "in north shore", "ECroX5E2jPE-00039-00008360-00008567": "you can go to donner lake and watch the", "ECroX5E2jPE-00040-00008568-00008774": "fireworks over the top", "ECroX5E2jPE-00041-00008775-00009046": "so from all of us on the tom dave's team", "ECroX5E2jPE-00042-00009047-00009239": "we just want to wish you", "ECroX5E2jPE-00043-00009240-00009583": "and your family a safe and happy and", "ECroX5E2jPE-00044-00009584-00009887": "fun fourth of july thanks so much and", "ECroX5E2jPE-00045-00009888-00010184": "have a great day"}}, {"audio_id": "ECOVmaHHswE", "text": {"ECOVmaHHswE-00000-00000779-00001277": "it's gonna run so fast", "ECOVmaHHswE-00001-00001278-00001547": "any broken fences", "ECOVmaHHswE-00002-00001548-00002009": "that's not nope can I just", "ECOVmaHHswE-00003-00002010-00002417": "oh my God we're gaming we're gaming", "ECOVmaHHswE-00004-00002418-00002855": "we're gaming", "ECOVmaHHswE-00005-00002856-00003197": "guys we just parkour this", "ECOVmaHHswE-00006-00003198-00004225": "foreign", "ECOVmaHHswE-00007-00004226-00004654": "oh my God this is", "ECOVmaHHswE-00008-00004655-00004976": "I'm a little monkey"}}, {"audio_id": "ECcMfUBB1fk", "text": {"ECcMfUBB1fk-00000-00000048-00000295": "hi traders i'm having a red day today", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00001-00000296-00000526": "i'm down sixteen thousand dollars", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00002-00000527-00000831": "uh tesla nike zm", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00003-00000832-00001135": "everything went wrong today but i do", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00004-00001136-00001327": "wanna discuss this a little bit", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00005-00001328-00001599": "you know although everything went wrong", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00006-00001600-00001743": "i don't feel like i've done the wrong", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00007-00001744-00001823": "things", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00008-00001823-00002118": "for example the market was supposed in", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00009-00002119-00002342": "my opinion my gut feeling was that the", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00010-00002343-00002510": "market would move higher", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00011-00002511-00002758": "that's why i went long i went long nike", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00012-00002759-00003015": "i went long tesla and i went long zm", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00013-00003016-00003359": "all of them failed you know nike should", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00014-00003360-00003527": "have moved higher because it's a gap it", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00015-00003528-00003703": "should have been a gap and go and it's a", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00016-00003704-00003911": "well-known company it's up nine percent", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00017-00003911-00004127": "it should have moved higher the s p", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00018-00004128-00004270": "yesterday moved higher and should", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00019-00004271-00004470": "continued higher well he did not it", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00020-00004471-00004559": "failed it is", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00021-00004560-00004863": "still coming down zm should have moved", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00022-00004864-00004919": "higher", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00023-00004920-00005183": "it did i was right but i did not move it", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00024-00005184-00005279": "at the right place", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00025-00005280-00005527": "i moved right over here came down took", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00026-00005528-00005686": "me out well that's just", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00027-00005687-00005927": "probably a bad luck and then tesla i", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00028-00005928-00006111": "felt like it should move higher", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00029-00006112-00006351": "it came down what that what do i mean by", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00030-00006352-00006550": "i felt like it should move higher and", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00031-00006551-00006695": "that's the topic of our lesson today if", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00032-00006695-00006783": "you did not", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00033-00006784-00006983": "understand that right now i'm talking", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00034-00006984-00007142": "about my gut feeling", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00035-00007143-00007359": "my gut feeling is extremely important", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00036-00007359-00007510": "this is something that you", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00037-00007511-00007798": "too should develop over time you know", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00038-00007800-00007934": "when you're just starting out as a", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00039-00007936-00007998": "trader", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00040-00008000-00008191": "you're probably wrong most of the time", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00041-00008192-00008367": "like you think you should go long you", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00042-00008368-00008519": "probably should go short you think you", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00043-00008520-00008687": "should go short you probably should go", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00044-00008688-00008751": "long", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00045-00008752-00008991": "so things happen when you're starting", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00046-00008992-00009127": "out as a trader", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00047-00009128-00009503": "in totally different than you expect it", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00048-00009504-00009591": "to happen", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00049-00009592-00009846": "and that's very natural during time you", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00050-00009847-00010055": "go through some kind of a transformation", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00051-00010056-00010119": "and then", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00052-00010120-00010271": "throughout the years you develop your", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00053-00010272-00010478": "gut feeling gut feeling", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00054-00010479-00010719": "in the decision making process is very", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00055-00010720-00010799": "important", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00056-00010800-00011078": "yes i've got it all wrong today but will", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00057-00011079-00011127": "i", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00058-00011128-00011431": "still continue to trust myself tomorrow", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00059-00011432-00011471": "yes", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00060-00011472-00011710": "i will because it takes a big part in my", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00061-00011711-00011806": "decision making", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00062-00011807-00011959": "well i don't know if that's the major", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00063-00011960-00012151": "part but sometimes i take a look at the", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00064-00012152-00012270": "technical formation", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00065-00012271-00012438": "and i have the feeling that although the", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00066-00012439-00012599": "technical information looks perfect", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00067-00012600-00012759": "solely", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00068-00012760-00013046": "the trade is going to fail so i may", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00069-00013047-00013215": "mention like i did today in the trading", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00070-00013216-00013286": "room", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00071-00013287-00013575": "let's go long tesla i said but i'm gonna", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00072-00013576-00013622": "go", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00073-00013623-00013919": "in small size because somehow i felt", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00074-00013919-00014015": "like yes", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00075-00014016-00014215": "it's kind of training higher it should", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00076-00014216-00014327": "move higher", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00077-00014328-00014575": "but you know i had some kind of a bad", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00078-00014576-00014727": "feeling about this trade", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00079-00014728-00014975": "it sounds funny what do i mean about the", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00080-00014976-00015158": "bad feeling i should be only looking at", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00081-00015159-00015271": "technicals right", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00082-00015272-00015535": "well the answer is no you develop your", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00083-00015536-00015599": "gut feeling", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00084-00015600-00015927": "throughout in time throughout the years", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00085-00015928-00016358": "and it gets better and better in time", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00086-00016359-00016535": "you will get a better trader because", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00087-00016536-00016791": "your gut feeling will get better in time", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00088-00016792-00017007": "that's how it works don't trust it when", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00089-00017008-00017127": "you're just starting out", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00090-00017128-00017358": "but definitely over the years you should", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00091-00017359-00017479": "give it more", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00092-00017480-00017830": "and more weight and you know", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00093-00017831-00018063": "just think about your gut feeling as", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00094-00018064-00018279": "something which is", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00095-00018280-00018430": "maybe the same as watching the", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00096-00018431-00018591": "technicals of a stock that you're", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00097-00018592-00018671": "trading", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00098-00018672-00018886": "yes you will be wrong sometimes many", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00099-00018887-00019007": "times but", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00100-00019008-00019222": "the gut feeling at the end of the game", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00101-00019223-00019447": "is going to help you to become a better", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00102-00019448-00019703": "trader so don't disregard your guard", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00103-00019704-00019767": "feeling just", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00104-00019768-00020047": "develop it over time become better", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00105-00020048-00020167": "trader because", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00106-00020168-00020391": "you believe that something is about to", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00107-00020392-00020583": "happen your belief", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00108-00020584-00021055": "your gut feeling as i call it is in fact", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00109-00021056-00021222": "many small parts of many things that", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00110-00021223-00021439": "happen that you cannot really name", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00111-00021440-00021750": "like market direction the volume uh", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00112-00021751-00021983": "the direction i mean what what was", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00113-00021984-00022183": "mentioned in the news today possibly and", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00114-00022184-00022278": "everything else", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00115-00022279-00022550": "i mean gut feeling is not just voodoo", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00116-00022551-00022775": "it's something that is being developed", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00117-00022776-00023047": "over a long period of time with a lot of", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00118-00023048-00023127": "experience", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00119-00023128-00023367": "and with a lot of data that sometimes", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00120-00023368-00023583": "you're not really aware of", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00121-00023584-00023847": "so take it seriously it is important", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00122-00023848-00024007": "develop it over time", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00123-00024008-00024135": "thank you very much for watching i'll", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00124-00024136-00024463": "see you all tomorrow bye traders", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00125-00024464-00024671": "thank you for watching our video the", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00126-00024672-00024847": "material was taken from the market", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00127-00024848-00024927": "whisperer", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00128-00024928-00025191": "my amazon best selling book this", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00129-00025192-00025383": "essential guide to stock trading", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00130-00025384-00025655": "is ideal for those with no background or", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00131-00025656-00025718": "experience", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00132-00025719-00025983": "in stock trading click here to read the", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00133-00025983-00026246": "200 page part 1 of this book", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00134-00026247-00026551": "absolutely free if you like this video", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00135-00026552-00026727": "please subscribe to our youtube channel", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00136-00026727-00026911": "where you can view many more stock", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00137-00026912-00027046": "trading videos", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00138-00027047-00027611": "questions or comments please submit them", "ECcMfUBB1fk-00139-00027612-00027912": "below"}}, {"audio_id": "ED6qdUAV0KI", "text": {"ED6qdUAV0KI-00000-00000092-00000634": "hey yo yo hey", "ED6qdUAV0KI-00001-00000635-00001012": "but not conquer hey hey", "ED6qdUAV0KI-00002-00001013-00001193": "yeah", "ED6qdUAV0KI-00003-00001194-00001439": "okay", "ED6qdUAV0KI-00004-00001440-00001673": "yeah", "ED6qdUAV0KI-00005-00001673-00002071": "okay", "ED6qdUAV0KI-00006-00002072-00002292": "yeah yeah", "ED6qdUAV0KI-00007-00002293-00002881": "hey hey", "ED6qdUAV0KI-00008-00002882-00003215": "yo yo", "ED6qdUAV0KI-00009-00003215-00003413": "shootout", "ED6qdUAV0KI-00010-00003414-00003838": "hey yo yo yo", "ED6qdUAV0KI-00011-00003839-00004247": "Mike from the slide yeah yeah yeah yeah", "ED6qdUAV0KI-00012-00004248-00004522": "yeah yeah yeah yeah", "ED6qdUAV0KI-00013-00004523-00005369": "one hey hey hey yo yo yo hey yeah", "ED6qdUAV0KI-00014-00005370-00005561": "okay", "ED6qdUAV0KI-00015-00005562-00005762": "okay"}}, {"audio_id": "ED6CrLPIE5M", "text": {"ED6CrLPIE5M-00000-00000071-00000262": "hi everyone thank you for participating", "ED6CrLPIE5M-00001-00000263-00000423": "in our ignite discovery kids edition", "ED6CrLPIE5M-00002-00000424-00000551": "social media campaign", "ED6CrLPIE5M-00003-00000552-00000695": "i'm going to show you how to create your", "ED6CrLPIE5M-00004-00000696-00000919": "instagram fundraiser so i will start by", "ED6CrLPIE5M-00005-00000919-00001103": "adding to my story by using the camera", "ED6CrLPIE5M-00006-00001104-00001207": "icon in the top", "ED6CrLPIE5M-00007-00001208-00001511": "left next i will choose my video clip", "ED6CrLPIE5M-00008-00001512-00001702": "you can also record a video live if", "ED6CrLPIE5M-00009-00001703-00001823": "you'd like", "ED6CrLPIE5M-00010-00001823-00001959": "using the text feature i'm going to", "ED6CrLPIE5M-00011-00001960-00002142": "write my caption for the sake of time", "ED6CrLPIE5M-00012-00002143-00002279": "i'm pasting one", "ED6CrLPIE5M-00013-00002280-00002526": "be sure to use ignite discovery kids", "ED6CrLPIE5M-00014-00002527-00002671": "edition and be sure to tag", "ED6CrLPIE5M-00015-00002672-00002895": "at cdm fun because we will be choosing", "ED6CrLPIE5M-00016-00002896-00003110": "one lucky participant to become a cdm", "ED6CrLPIE5M-00017-00003111-00003247": "member for five years", "ED6CrLPIE5M-00018-00003247-00003406": "we will invite them back for the grand", "ED6CrLPIE5M-00019-00003407-00003606": "reopening after construction is finished", "ED6CrLPIE5M-00020-00003607-00003767": "and we will also be making them an", "ED6CrLPIE5M-00021-00003768-00003990": "ignite discovery capital campaign", "ED6CrLPIE5M-00022-00003992-00004254": "junior co-chair next i'm going to add my", "ED6CrLPIE5M-00023-00004255-00004399": "donate button by using the sticker", "ED6CrLPIE5M-00024-00004400-00004535": "feature", "ED6CrLPIE5M-00025-00004536-00004783": "choose donation if cdm fun doesn't", "ED6CrLPIE5M-00026-00004784-00004935": "immediately pop up for you you can", "ED6CrLPIE5M-00027-00004936-00004999": "search for it", "ED6CrLPIE5M-00028-00005000-00005295": "using the search bar i'm going to move", "ED6CrLPIE5M-00029-00005296-00005495": "it down a little bit", "ED6CrLPIE5M-00030-00005496-00005799": "next hit send to share to", "ED6CrLPIE5M-00031-00005800-00006118": "your story and hit done and you guys", "ED6CrLPIE5M-00032-00006119-00006302": "that's it you're in thanks for", "ED6CrLPIE5M-00033-00006303-00006470": "participating in our ignite discovery", "ED6CrLPIE5M-00034-00006472-00006646": "kids edition campaign we can't wait to", "ED6CrLPIE5M-00035-00006647-00007111": "see your videos"}}, {"audio_id": "ED_D4QqI1pI", "text": {"ED_D4QqI1pI-00000-00000080-00000356": "pathology from the ancient Greek roots", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00001-00000357-00000858": "of pathos porthos meaning experience or", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00002-00000859-00001316": "suffering and loggia look at study of is", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00003-00001317-00001582": "concerned mainly with the causal study", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00004-00001583-00002030": "of disease the word pathology itself may", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00005-00002030-00002279": "be used broadly to refer to the study of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00006-00002280-00002567": "disease in general incorporating a wide", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00007-00002568-00002858": "range of bio science research fields and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00008-00002859-00003251": "medical practices however when used in", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00009-00003252-00003497": "the context of modern medical treatment", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00010-00003497-00003736": "the term is often used in a more narrow", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00011-00003738-00004036": "fashion to refer to processes and tests", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00012-00004037-00004193": "which fall within the contemporary", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00013-00004194-00004579": "medical field of general pathology an", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00014-00004580-00004886": "area which includes a number of distinct", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00015-00004887-00005129": "but interrelated medical specialties", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00016-00005130-00005384": "that diagnose disease mostly through", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00017-00005385-00005693": "analysis of tissue cell and body fluid", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00018-00005694-00006242": "samples idiomatically a pathology may", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00019-00006243-00006511": "also refer to the predicted or actual", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00020-00006512-00006781": "progression of particular diseases as in", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00021-00006783-00007078": "the statement the many different forms", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00022-00007079-00007408": "of cancer have diverse pathologies and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00023-00007409-00007745": "the affixed path is sometimes used to", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00024-00007745-00008012": "indicate a state of disease in cases of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00025-00008013-00008227": "both physical ailment as in", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00026-00008228-00008456": "cardiomyopathy and psychological", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00027-00008457-00008767": "conditions such as psychopathy a", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00028-00008768-00009064": "physician practicing pathology is called", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00029-00009065-00009455": "a pathologist as a field of general", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00030-00009456-00009760": "inquiry and research pathology addresses", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00031-00009761-00009999": "four components of disease cause", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00032-00010000-00010312": "mechanisms of development pathogenesis", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00033-00010313-00010558": "structural alterations of cells", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00034-00010559-00010853": "morphologic changes and the consequences", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00035-00010854-00011252": "of changes clinical manifestations in", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00036-00011253-00011492": "common medical practice general", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00037-00011493-00011717": "pathology is mostly concerned with", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00038-00011718-00011969": "analyzing known clinical abnormalities", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00039-00011970-00012212": "that are markers or precursors for both", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00040-00012213-00012449": "infectious and non-infectious disease", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00041-00012450-00012713": "and is conducted by experts in one of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00042-00012714-00012977": "two major specialties anatomical", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00043-00012978-00013333": "pathology and clinical pathology further", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00044-00013334-00013394": "due", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00045-00013395-00013680": "specialty exist on the basis of the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00046-00013681-00013947": "involved sample types comparing for", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00047-00013948-00014294": "example cytopathology hematopathologist", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00048-00014295-00014628": "Oh pathology organs as in renal", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00049-00014629-00014967": "pathology and physiological systems oral", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00050-00014968-00015228": "pathology as well as on the basis of the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00051-00015229-00015450": "focus of the examination as with", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00052-00015451-00015841": "forensic pathology pathology is a", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00053-00015841-00016086": "significant field in modern medical", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00054-00016087-00016883": "diagnosis and medical research", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00055-00016884-00017578": "topic general medical pathology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00056-00017579-00017850": "the modern practice of pathology is", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00057-00017851-00018085": "divided into a number of sub disciplines", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00058-00018086-00018306": "within the discrete but deeply", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00059-00018307-00018541": "interconnected aims of biological", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00060-00018542-00018939": "research and medical practice biomedical", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00061-00018940-00019194": "research into disease incorporates the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00062-00019195-00019461": "work of a vast variety of life science", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00063-00019462-00019753": "specialists whereas in most parts of the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00064-00019754-00019947": "world to be licensed to practice", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00065-00019948-00020253": "pathology as medical specialty one has", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00066-00020254-00020497": "to complete medical school and secure a", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00067-00020498-00020802": "license to practice medicine", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00068-00020803-00021069": "structurally the study of disease is", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00069-00021070-00021325": "divided into many different fields that", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00070-00021326-00021597": "study or diagnose markers for disease", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00071-00021598-00021811": "using methods and technologies", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00072-00021812-00022131": "particular to specific scales organs and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00073-00022132-00022494": "tissue types the information in this", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00074-00022495-00022780": "section mostly concerns pathology as it", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00075-00022781-00023028": "regards common medical practice in these", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00076-00023029-00023308": "systems but each of these specialties is", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00077-00023309-00023578": "also the subject of voluminous pathology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00078-00023579-00023836": "researchers regards the disease pathways", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00079-00023837-00024090": "of specific pathogens and disorders that", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00080-00024091-00024322": "affect the tissues of these discrete", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00081-00024323-00024600": "organs or structures see also gross", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00082-00024601-00025203": "pathology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00083-00025204-00025885": "topic anatomical pathology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00084-00025886-00026168": "anatomical pathology Commonwealth or", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00085-00026169-00026483": "anatomic pathology United States is a", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00086-00026483-00026752": "medical specialty that is concerned with", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00087-00026754-00026987": "the diagnosis of disease based on the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00088-00026988-00027319": "gross microscopic chemical immunological", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00089-00027320-00027650": "molecular examination of organs tissues", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00090-00027651-00027887": "and whole bodies as in a general", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00091-00027888-00028189": "examination or an autopsy anatomical", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00092-00028191-00028414": "pathology is itself divided into", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00093-00028416-00028649": "subfields the main divisions being", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00094-00028650-00028967": "surgical pathology cytopathology and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00095-00028968-00029330": "forensic pathology anatomical pathology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00096-00029331-00029597": "is one of two main divisions of the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00097-00029598-00029839": "medical practice of pathology the other", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00098-00029841-00030133": "being clinical pathology the diagnosis", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00099-00030135-00030308": "of disease through the laboratory", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00100-00030308-00030673": "analysis of bodily fluids and tissues", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00101-00030674-00030974": "sometimes pathologists practice both", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00102-00030975-00031231": "anatomical and clinical pathology a", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00103-00031232-00032002": "combination known as general pathology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00104-00032002-00032614": "topic cytopathology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00105-00032614-00033025": "cytopathology sometimes referred to as", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00106-00033026-00033368": "cytology is a branch of pathology that", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00107-00033369-00033668": "studies and diagnoses diseases on the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00108-00033669-00034031": "cellular level it is usually used to aid", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00109-00034032-00034274": "in the diagnosis of cancer but also", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00110-00034275-00034544": "helps in the diagnosis of certain", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00111-00034545-00034721": "infectious diseases and other", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00112-00034722-00034934": "inflammatory conditions as well as", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00113-00034935-00035222": "thyroid lesions diseases involving", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00114-00035223-00035552": "sterile body cavities peritoneal plural", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00115-00035553-00035831": "and cerebrospinal and a wide range of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00116-00035832-00036040": "other body sites", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00117-00036041-00036323": "cytopathology is generally used on", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00118-00036324-00036542": "samples of free cells or tissue", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00119-00036543-00036833": "fragments in contrast to histopathology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00120-00036834-00037070": "which studies whole tissues and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00121-00037071-00037199": "cytopathology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00122-00037200-00037469": "tests are sometimes called smear tests", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00123-00037470-00037676": "because the samples may be smeared", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00124-00037677-00037934": "across a glass microscope slide for", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00125-00037935-00038171": "subsequent staining and microscopic", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00126-00038172-00038636": "examination however cytology samples may", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00127-00038637-00038825": "be prepared in other ways including", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00128-00038826-00039549": "saito centrifugation", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00129-00039550-00040157": "topic Dermot opeth ology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00130-00040158-00040493": "Dermot Opeth ology is a subspecialty of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00131-00040494-00040772": "anatomic pathology that focuses on the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00132-00040773-00040961": "skin and the rest of the integumentary", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00133-00040962-00041369": "system as an organ it is unique in that", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00134-00041370-00041636": "there are two paths a physician can take", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00135-00041637-00042026": "to obtain the specialization all general", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00136-00042027-00042305": "pathologists and general dermatologists", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00137-00042306-00042551": "trained in the pathology of the skin so", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00138-00042552-00042782": "the term D'Amato pathologist denotes", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00139-00042783-00042971": "either of these who has reached a", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00140-00042972-00043196": "certainly level of accreditation and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00141-00043197-00043510": "experience in the USA either a general", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00142-00043511-00043778": "pathologist or a dermatologist can", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00143-00043779-00044036": "undergo a one to two year fellowship in", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00144-00044037-00044435": "the field of Dermatology the completion", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00145-00044436-00044660": "of this fellowship allows one to take a", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00146-00044661-00044927": "subspecialty board examination and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00147-00044928-00045394": "becomes a board-certified dermatologist", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00148-00045395-00045587": "dermatologists are able to recognize", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00149-00045588-00045863": "most skin diseases based on their", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00150-00045864-00046163": "appearances and atomic distributions and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00151-00046164-00046547": "behavior sometimes however those", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00152-00046548-00046807": "criteria do not lead to a conclusive", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00153-00046808-00047153": "diagnosis and a skin biopsy is taken to", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00154-00047154-00047408": "be examined under the microscope using", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00155-00047409-00047830": "usual histological tests in some cases", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00156-00047831-00048113": "additional specialized testing needs to", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00157-00048114-00048394": "be performed on biopsies including", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00158-00048395-00048658": "immunofluorescence immunohistochemistry", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00159-00048659-00048866": "electron microscopy", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00160-00048867-00049175": "flow cytometry and molecular pathologic", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00161-00049176-00049502": "analysis one of the greatest challenges", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00162-00049503-00049874": "of Dermott Opeth ology is its scope more", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00163-00049875-00050141": "than 1,500 different disorders of the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00164-00050142-00050503": "skin exist including cutaneous eruptions", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00165-00050504-00051014": "rashes and neoplasms therefore Dermot", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00166-00051015-00051248": "Opeth ologists must maintain a broad", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00167-00051249-00051428": "base of knowledge in clinical", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00168-00051429-00051689": "dermatology and be familiar with several", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00169-00051690-00052441": "other specialty areas in medicine", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00170-00052441-00053055": "topic forensic pathology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00171-00053057-00053324": "forensic pathology focuses on", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00172-00053325-00053528": "determining the cause of death by", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00173-00053529-00053819": "post-mortem examination of a corpse or", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00174-00053820-00054209": "partial remains an autopsy is typically", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00175-00054210-00054394": "performed by a coroner or medical", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00176-00054395-00054649": "examiner often during criminal", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00177-00054650-00054926": "investigations in this role coroner's", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00178-00054927-00055103": "and medical examiner's are also", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00179-00055104-00055405": "frequently asked to confirm the identity", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00180-00055407-00055724": "of a corpse the requirements for", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00181-00055725-00055940": "becoming a licensed practitioner of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00182-00055941-00056182": "forensic pathology varies from country", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00183-00056183-00056419": "to country and even within a given", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00184-00056420-00056636": "nation but typically a minimal", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00185-00056637-00056879": "requirement is a medical doctorate with", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00186-00056879-00057146": "a specialty in general or anatomical", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00187-00057147-00057374": "pathology with subsequent study in", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00188-00057375-00057751": "forensic medicine the methods forensic", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00189-00057752-00057974": "scientists used to determine death", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00190-00057975-00058255": "include examination of tissue specimens", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00191-00058257-00058541": "to identify the presence or absence of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00192-00058541-00058751": "natural disease and other microscopic", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00193-00058752-00059096": "findings interpretations of toxicology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00194-00059097-00059363": "on body tissues and fluids to determine", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00195-00059364-00059564": "the chemical cause of overdoses", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00196-00059565-00059791": "poisonings or other cases involving", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00197-00059792-00060113": "toxic agents and examinations of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00198-00060114-00060488": "physical trauma forensic pathology is a", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00199-00060489-00060776": "major component in the transdisciplinary", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00200-00060777-00061488": "field of forensic science", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00201-00061489-00062079": "topic histopathology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00202-00062079-00062421": "histopathology refers to the microscopic", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00203-00062422-00062710": "examination of various forms of human", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00204-00062711-00062865": "tissue", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00205-00062866-00063129": "specifically in clinical medicine", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00206-00063130-00063445": "histopathology refers to the examination", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00207-00063446-00063724": "of a biopsy or surgical specimen by a", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00208-00063725-00063979": "pathologist after the specimen has been", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00209-00063979-00064276": "processed and histological sections have", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00210-00064277-00064609": "been placed onto glass slides this", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00211-00064610-00064798": "contrasts with the methods of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00212-00064799-00065125": "cytopathology which uses free cells or", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00213-00065126-00065500": "tissue fragments pisto pathological", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00214-00065501-00065749": "examination of tissues starts with", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00215-00065750-00066217": "surgery biopsy or autopsy the tissue is", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00216-00066218-00066475": "removed from the body of an organism and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00217-00066476-00066670": "then placed in a fixative that", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00218-00066671-00066978": "stabilizes the tissues to prevent decay", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00219-00066979-00067312": "the most common fixative is formalin", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00220-00067313-00067588": "although frozen section fixing is also", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00221-00067589-00067891": "common to see the tissue under a", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00222-00067892-00068155": "microscope the sections are stained with", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00223-00068156-00068515": "one or more pigments the aim of staining", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00224-00068516-00068824": "is to reveal cellular components counter", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00225-00068825-00069126": "stains are used to provide contrast", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00226-00069127-00069466": "histo chemistry refers to the science of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00227-00069467-00069670": "using chemical reactions between", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00228-00069671-00069946": "laboratory chemicals and components", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00229-00069947-00070306": "within tissue the histological slides", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00230-00070307-00070576": "are then interpreted diagnostically in", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00231-00070577-00070843": "the resulting pathology report describes", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00232-00070844-00071122": "the histological findings in the opinion", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00233-00071123-00071470": "of the pathologist in the case of cancer", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00234-00071471-00071770": "this represents the tissue diagnosis", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00235-00071771-00072540": "required for most treatment protocols", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00236-00072541-00073135": "topic neuropathology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00237-00073136-00073430": "neuropathology is the study of disease", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00238-00073431-00073721": "of nervous system tissue usually in the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00239-00073722-00073969": "form of either surgical biopsies or", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00240-00073970-00074206": "sometimes whole brains in the case of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00241-00074207-00074630": "autopsy neuropathology is a subspecialty", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00242-00074631-00074929": "of anatomic pathology neurology and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00243-00074930-00075323": "neurosurgery in many english-speaking", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00244-00075324-00075623": "countries neuropathology is considered a", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00245-00075624-00075946": "subfield of anatomical pathology a", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00246-00075947-00076168": "physician who specializes in", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00247-00076169-00076472": "neuropathology usually by completing a", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00248-00076473-00076669": "fellowship after a residency in", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00249-00076670-00076940": "anatomical or general pathology is", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00250-00076941-00077301": "called a neuro pathologist in day-to-day", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00251-00077302-00077644": "clinical practice a neuro pathologist is", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00252-00077645-00078023": "a consultant for other physicians if a", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00253-00078024-00078221": "disease of the nervous system is", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00254-00078222-00078487": "suspected and the diagnosis cannot be", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00255-00078488-00078799": "made by less invasive methods a biopsy", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00256-00078800-00079028": "of nervous tissue is taken from the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00257-00079029-00079431": "brain or spinal cord to aid in diagnosis", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00258-00079432-00079762": "biopsy is usually requested after a mass", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00259-00079763-00080113": "is detected by medical imaging with", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00260-00080114-00080378": "autopsies the principal work of the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00261-00080379-00080611": "neuro pathologist is to help in the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00262-00080612-00080829": "post-mortem diagnosis of various", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00263-00080830-00081067": "conditions that affect the central", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00264-00081068-00081491": "nervous system biopsies can also consist", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00265-00081492-00081590": "of the skin", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00266-00081591-00081955": "epidermal nerve fiber density testing en", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00267-00081956-00082167": "FD is a more recently developed", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00268-00082168-00082444": "neuropathology test in which a punch", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00269-00082445-00082768": "skin biopsy is taken to identify small", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00270-00082769-00083024": "fiber neuropathy s by analysing the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00271-00083025-00083372": "nerve fibers of the skin this test is", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00272-00083373-00083617": "becoming available in select labs as", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00273-00083618-00083899": "well as many universities it replaces", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00274-00083900-00084151": "the traditional nerve biopsy test is", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00275-00084152-00084751": "less invasive", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00276-00084752-00085350": "topic pulmonary pathology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00277-00085351-00085692": "pulmonary pathology is a subspecialty of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00278-00085693-00085938": "anatomic and especially surgical", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00279-00085939-00086220": "pathology that deals with diagnosis and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00280-00086221-00086502": "characterization of neoplastic and non", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00281-00086503-00086742": "neoplastic diseases of the lungs and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00282-00086743-00087153": "thoracic pleura diagnostic specimens are", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00283-00087154-00087405": "often obtained via bronchoscopic trans", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00284-00087406-00087771": "bronchial biopsy CT guided percutaneous", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00285-00087772-00088068": "biopsy or video assisted thoracic", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00286-00088069-00088461": "surgery these tests can be necessary to", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00287-00088462-00088701": "diagnose between infection inflammation", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00288-00088702-00089448": "or fibrotic conditions", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00289-00089449-00090036": "topic renal pathology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00290-00090037-00090348": "renal pathology is a subspecialty of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00291-00090349-00090603": "anatomic pathology that deals with the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00292-00090604-00090861": "diagnosis and characterization of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00293-00090862-00091199": "disease of the kidneys in a medical", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00294-00091200-00091469": "setting renal pathologists work closely", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00295-00091470-00091704": "with nephrologists and transplant", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00296-00091705-00092016": "surgeons who typically obtain diagnostic", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00297-00092017-00092366": "specimens via percutaneous renal biopsy", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00298-00092367-00092699": "the renal pathologist must synthesize", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00299-00092700-00092951": "findings from traditional microscope", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00300-00092952-00093274": "histology electron microscopy and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00301-00093275-00093453": "immunofluorescence to obtain a", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00302-00093454-00093854": "definitive diagnosis Medical renal", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00303-00093855-00094124": "diseases may affect the glomerulus the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00304-00094125-00094406": "tubules and interstitial the vessels or", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00305-00094407-00095160": "a combination of these compartments", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00306-00095161-00095791": "topic surgical pathology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00307-00095792-00096095": "surgical pathology is one of the primary", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00308-00096096-00096382": "areas of practice for most anatomical", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00309-00096383-00096800": "pathologists surgical pathology involves", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00310-00096801-00097079": "the gross and microscopic examination of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00311-00097080-00097373": "surgical specimens as well as biopsies", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00312-00097374-00097643": "submitted by surgeons and non surgeons", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00313-00097644-00097898": "such as general internists medical", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00314-00097899-00098179": "subspecialists dermatologists and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00315-00098180-00098561": "interventional radiologists often an", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00316-00098562-00098822": "excise tissue sample is the best and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00317-00098823-00099074": "most definitive evidence of disease or", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00318-00099075-00099341": "lack thereof in cases where tissue is", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00319-00099342-00099721": "surgically removed from a patient these", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00320-00099722-00099962": "determinations are usually accomplished", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00321-00099963-00100277": "by a combination of gross ie macroscopic", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00322-00100278-00100483": "and histologic ie", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00323-00100484-00100745": "microscopic examination of the tissue", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00324-00100746-00101057": "and may involve evaluations of molecular", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00325-00101058-00101266": "properties of the tissue by", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00326-00101267-00101483": "immunohistochemistry or other laboratory", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00327-00101484-00101903": "tests there are two major types of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00328-00101904-00102140": "specimens submitted for surgical", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00329-00102141-00102467": "pathology analysis biopsies and surgical", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00330-00102468-00102868": "resection x' a biopsy is a small piece", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00331-00102869-00103159": "of tissue removed primarily for surgical", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00332-00103160-00103432": "pathology analysis most often in order", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00333-00103433-00103831": "to render a definitive diagnosis types", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00334-00103832-00104143": "of biopsies include core biopsies which", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00335-00104144-00104335": "are obtained through the use of large", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00336-00104336-00104569": "bore needles sometimes under the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00337-00104570-00104833": "guidance of radiological techniques such", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00338-00104834-00105128": "as ultrasound CT scan or magnetic", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00339-00105129-00105515": "resonance imaging incisional biopsies", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00340-00105516-00105776": "are obtained through diagnostic surgical", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00341-00105777-00105977": "procedures that remove part of a", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00342-00105978-00106115": "suspicious lesion", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00343-00106116-00106367": "whereas excisional biopsy x' remove the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00344-00106368-00106580": "entire lesion and are similar to", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00345-00106581-00106903": "therapeutic surgical resection x'", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00346-00106904-00107222": "excisional biopsy x' of skin lesions and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00347-00107223-00107501": "gastrointestinal polyps are very common", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00348-00107502-00107795": "the pathologists interpretation of a", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00349-00107796-00108053": "biopsy is critical to establishing the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00350-00108054-00108356": "diagnosis of a benign or malignant tumor", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00351-00108357-00108599": "and can differentiate between different", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00352-00108600-00108835": "types and grades of cancer as well as", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00353-00108836-00109109": "determining the activity of specific", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00354-00109110-00109494": "molecular pathways in the tumor surgical", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00355-00109495-00109746": "resection specimens are obtained by the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00356-00109747-00109991": "therapeutic surgical removal of an", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00357-00109992-00110238": "entire diseased area or organ and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00358-00110239-00110583": "occasionally multiple organs these", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00359-00110583-00110804": "procedures are often intended as", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00360-00110805-00111033": "definitive surgical treatment of a", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00361-00111033-00111254": "disease in which the diagnosis is", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00362-00111255-00111543": "already known or strongly suspected but", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00363-00111544-00111822": "pathological analysis of these specimens", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00364-00111823-00112068": "remains important in confirming the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00365-00112069-00112758": "previous diagnosis", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00366-00112758-00113387": "topic clinical pathology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00367-00113388-00113644": "clinical pathology is a medical", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00368-00113645-00113850": "specialty that is concerned with the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00369-00113851-00114096": "diagnosis of disease based on the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00370-00114097-00114348": "laboratory analysis of bodily fluids", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00371-00114349-00114573": "such as blood and urine as well as", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00372-00114574-00114832": "tissues using the tools of chemistry", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00373-00114833-00115144": "clinical microbiology hematology and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00374-00115145-00115456": "molecular pathology clinical", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00375-00115457-00115662": "pathologists work in close collaboration", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00376-00115663-00116007": "with medical technologists hospital", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00377-00116008-00116370": "administrations and referring physicians", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00378-00116371-00116613": "clinical pathologists learn to", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00379-00116614-00116826": "administer a number of visual and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00380-00116827-00117082": "microscopic tests and an especially", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00381-00117083-00117285": "large variety of tests of the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00382-00117286-00117576": "biophysical properties of tissue samples", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00383-00117577-00117804": "involving automated analyzers and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00384-00117805-00118232": "cultures sometimes the general term", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00385-00118233-00118623": "laboratory medicine specialist is used", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00386-00118624-00118866": "to refer to those working in clinical", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00387-00118867-00119238": "pathology including medical doctors PhDs", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00388-00119239-00119516": "and doctors of pharmacology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00389-00119517-00119790": "immunopathology the study of an", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00390-00119791-00120027": "organism's immune response to infection", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00391-00120028-00120300": "is sometimes considered to fall within", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00392-00120301-00121019": "the domain of clinical pathology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00393-00121020-00121765": "topic he moto pathology he met apartheid", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00394-00121766-00122014": "years the study of diseases of blood", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00395-00122015-00122282": "cells including constituents such as", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00396-00122283-00122546": "white blood cells red blood cells and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00397-00122547-00122787": "platelets and the tissues and organs", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00398-00122788-00123322": "comprising the hematopoietic system the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00399-00123323-00123574": "term hematopoietic system refers to", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00400-00123575-00123845": "tissues and organs that produce and/or", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00401-00123846-00124141": "primarily hosts hematopoietic cells and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00402-00124142-00124387": "includes bone marrow the lymph nodes", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00403-00124388-00124773": "thymus spleen and other lymphoid tissues", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00404-00124774-00125170": "in the United States hematopathologist", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00405-00125171-00125515": "board-certified subspecialty licensed", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00406-00125516-00125712": "under the American Board of pathology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00407-00125713-00125989": "practiced by those physicians who have", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00408-00125990-00126249": "completed a general pathology residency", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00409-00126250-00126565": "anatomic clinical or combined and an", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00410-00126566-00126770": "additional year of fellowship training", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00411-00126771-00127210": "in hematology the hematopoiesis trve use", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00412-00127211-00127406": "biopsies of lymph nodes", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00413-00127407-00127670": "bone marrows and other tissues involved", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00414-00127671-00127871": "by an infiltrate of cells of the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00415-00127872-00128260": "hematopoietic system in addition the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00416-00128261-00128554": "hematopoiesis may be in charge of flow", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00417-00128555-00128748": "Saito metric and or molecular", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00418-00128749-00129468": "hematopathologist uh DS", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00419-00129469-00130075": "topic immunopathology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00420-00130076-00130391": "immunopathology is a branch of clinical", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00421-00130392-00130632": "pathology that deals with an organisms", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00422-00130633-00130919": "immune response to a certain disease", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00423-00130920-00131216": "when a foreign antigen enters the body", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00424-00131217-00131511": "there is either an antigen specific or", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00425-00131512-00131823": "nonspecific response to it these", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00426-00131824-00132089": "responses are the immune system fighting", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00427-00132090-00132326": "off the foreign antigens whether they", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00428-00132327-00132720": "are deadly or not immunopathology could", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00429-00132721-00132969": "refer to how the foreign antigens cause", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00430-00132970-00133233": "the immune system to have a response or", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00431-00133234-00133431": "problems that can arise from an", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00432-00133432-00133753": "organisms own immune response on itself", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00433-00133754-00134085": "there are certain problems or faults in", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00434-00134086-00134295": "the immune system that can lead to more", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00435-00134296-00134543": "serious illness or disease", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00436-00134544-00134864": "these diseases can come from one of the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00437-00134865-00135187": "following problems the first would be", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00438-00135188-00135437": "hypersensitivity reactions where there", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00439-00135438-00135665": "would be a stronger immune response than", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00440-00135666-00135972": "normal there are four different types", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00441-00135973-00136371": "type 1 2 3 & 4 all with varying types", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00442-00136372-00136722": "and degrees of an immune response the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00443-00136723-00136979": "problems that arise from each type vary", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00444-00136980-00137252": "from small allergic reactions to more", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00445-00137253-00137486": "serious illnesses such as tuberculosis", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00446-00137487-00137912": "or arthritis the second kind of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00447-00137913-00138156": "complication in the immune system is", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00448-00138157-00138420": "autoimmunity where the immune system", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00449-00138421-00138606": "would attack itself rather than the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00450-00138607-00138938": "antigen inflammation is a prime example", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00451-00138939-00139316": "of autoimmunity as the immune cells used", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00452-00139317-00139695": "a self reactive a few examples of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00453-00139696-00139994": "autoimmune diseases are type 1 diabetes", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00454-00139995-00140421": "Addison's disease and celiac disease the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00455-00140422-00140678": "third and final type of complication", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00456-00140679-00140873": "with the immune system is", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00457-00140874-00141135": "immunodeficiency where the immune system", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00458-00141136-00141372": "lacks the ability to fight off a certain", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00459-00141373-00141783": "disease the immune system's ability to", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00460-00141784-00141981": "combat it is either hindered or", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00461-00141982-00142340": "completely absent the two types are", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00462-00142341-00142589": "primary immunodeficiency where the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00463-00142590-00142821": "immune system is either missing a key", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00464-00142822-00143025": "component or does not function properly", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00465-00143026-00143346": "and secondary immunodeficiency where", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00466-00143347-00143439": "disease is a", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00467-00143440-00143754": "from an outside source like radiation or", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00468-00143755-00143949": "heat and therefore cannot function", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00469-00143950-00144338": "properly diseases that can cause", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00470-00144339-00144648": "immunodeficiency include HIV AIDS and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00471-00144649-00145220": "leukemia", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00472-00145221-00145875": "topic radiation pathology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00473-00145876-00146149": "radiation pathology is study of the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00474-00146150-00146404": "interaction between human tissues and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00475-00146405-00146656": "radiation as well as the problems and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00476-00146657-00146899": "diseases that can arise from the use of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00477-00146900-00147293": "radiation when human tissue is exposed", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00478-00147294-00147562": "to radiation it can be genetically", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00479-00147563-00147823": "altered and deformed in turn this could", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00480-00147824-00148054": "lead to a variety of illnesses that", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00481-00148055-00148727": "could be minor or deadly", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00482-00148728-00149480": "topic molecular pathology molecular", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00483-00149481-00149744": "pathology is focused upon the study and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00484-00149745-00149954": "diagnosis of disease through the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00485-00149955-00150230": "examination of molecules within organs", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00486-00150231-00150629": "tissues or bodily fluids molecular", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00487-00150630-00150926": "pathology is multidisciplinary by nature", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00488-00150927-00151172": "and shares some aspects of practice with", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00489-00151173-00151418": "both anatomic pathology and clinical", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00490-00151419-00151735": "pathology molecular biology biochemistry", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00491-00151736-00152159": "proteomics and genetics it is often", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00492-00152160-00152387": "applied in a context that is as much", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00493-00152388-00152648": "scientific as directly medical and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00494-00152649-00152858": "encompasses the development of molecular", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00495-00152859-00153173": "and genetic approaches to the diagnosis", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00496-00153174-00153473": "and classification of human diseases the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00497-00153474-00153695": "design and validation of predictive", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00498-00153696-00153962": "biomarkers for treatment response and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00499-00153963-00154118": "disease progression and the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00500-00154119-00154343": "susceptibility of individuals of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00501-00154344-00154571": "different genetic Constitution to", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00502-00154572-00154913": "particular disorders the crossover", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00503-00154914-00155128": "between molecular pathology and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00504-00155129-00155432": "epidemiology is represented by a related", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00505-00155433-00155761": "field molecular pathological", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00506-00155762-00156194": "epidemiology molecular pathology is", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00507-00156195-00156506": "commonly used in diagnosis of cancer and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00508-00156507-00156902": "infectious diseases molecular pathology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00509-00156903-00157181": "is primarily used to detect cancers such", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00510-00157182-00157475": "as melanoma brainstem glioma brain", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00511-00157476-00157721": "tumors as well as many other types of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00512-00157722-00158002": "cancer and infectious diseases", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00513-00158003-00158273": "techniques are numerous that include", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00514-00158274-00158557": "quantitative polymerase chain reaction", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00515-00158558-00159023": "qPCR multiplex PCR DNA microarray in", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00516-00159024-00159362": "situ hybridization DNA sequencing", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00517-00159363-00159641": "antibody based immunofluorescence tissue", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00518-00159642-00159950": "assays molecular profiling of pathogens", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00519-00159951-00160235": "and analysis of bacterial genes for", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00520-00160236-00160643": "antimicrobial resistance techniques used", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00521-00160644-00160910": "are based on analyzing samples of DNA", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00522-00160911-00161363": "and RNA pathology is widely used for", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00523-00161364-00162111": "gene therapy and disease diagnosis", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00524-00162112-00162869": "topic Oral & Maxillofacial pathology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00525-00162870-00163189": "oral and maxillofacial pathology is one", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00526-00163190-00163474": "of nine dental specialties recognized by", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00527-00163475-00163753": "the American Dental Association and is", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00528-00163754-00164014": "sometimes considered a specialty of both", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00529-00164015-00164338": "dentistry and pathology oral", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00530-00164339-00164587": "pathologists must complete three years", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00531-00164588-00164795": "of postdoctoral training in an", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00532-00164796-00165032": "accredited program and subsequently", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00533-00165033-00165328": "obtain diploma status from the American", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00534-00165329-00165646": "Board of Oral & Maxillofacial pathology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00535-00165647-00166012": "the specialty focuses on the diagnosis", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00536-00166013-00166309": "clinical management and investigation of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00537-00166310-00166571": "diseases that affect the oral cavity and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00538-00166572-00166808": "surrounding maxillofacial structures", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00539-00166809-00167059": "including but not limited to add-on to", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00540-00167060-00167357": "jannecke infectious epithelial salivary", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00541-00167358-00167671": "gland bone and soft tissue pathologies", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00542-00167672-00168034": "it also significantly intersects with", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00543-00168035-00168334": "the field of dental pathology although", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00544-00168335-00168538": "concerned with a broad variety of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00545-00168539-00168811": "diseases of the oral cavity they have", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00546-00168812-00169108": "roles distinct from otorhinolaryngology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00547-00169109-00169619": "ear nose and throat specialists and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00548-00169620-00169871": "speech pathologists the latter of which", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00549-00169872-00170170": "helps diagnose many neurological or", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00550-00170171-00170422": "neuromuscular conditions relevant to", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00551-00170423-00170773": "speech phonology or swallowing owing to", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00552-00170774-00171037": "the availability of the oral cavity to", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00553-00171038-00171340": "non-invasive examination many conditions", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00554-00171341-00171569": "in the study of oral disease can be", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00555-00171570-00171857": "diagnosed or at least suspected from", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00556-00171858-00172159": "gross examination but biopsies cell", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00557-00172160-00172453": "smears and other tissue analysis remain", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00558-00172454-00172714": "important diagnostic tools in oral", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00559-00172715-00173337": "pathology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00560-00173338-00174105": "topic medical training and accreditation", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00561-00174106-00174376": "individual nations very sim in the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00562-00174377-00174577": "medical licensing required of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00563-00174578-00174915": "pathologists in the United States", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00564-00174916-00175225": "pathologists are physicians do or MD", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00565-00175226-00175408": "that have completed a four-year", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00566-00175409-00175675": "undergraduate program four years of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00567-00175676-00175900": "medical school training and three to", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00568-00175901-00176140": "four years of postgraduate training in", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00569-00176141-00176397": "the form of a pathology residency", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00570-00176398-00176701": "training may be within two primary", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00571-00176702-00176941": "specialties as recognized by the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00572-00176942-00177238": "American Board of pathology anatomical", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00573-00177239-00177508": "pathology and clinical pathology each of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00574-00177509-00177693": "which requires separate board", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00575-00177694-00178011": "certification the American Osteopathic", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00576-00178012-00178375": "Board of pathology also recognizes four", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00577-00178376-00178693": "primary specialties anatomic pathology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00578-00178694-00178999": "Dermott Opeth ology forensic pathology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00579-00179000-00179392": "and Laboratory Medicine pathologists may", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00580-00179393-00179638": "pursue specialized fellowship training", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00581-00179639-00179884": "within one or more sub specialties of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00582-00179885-00180219": "either anatomical or clinical pathology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00583-00180220-00180523": "some of these sub specialties permit", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00584-00180524-00180769": "additional board certification while", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00585-00180770-00181179": "others do not in the United Kingdom", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00586-00181180-00181447": "pathologists are physicians licensed by", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00587-00181448-00181804": "the UK General Medical Council the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00588-00181805-00182038": "training to become a pathologist is", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00589-00182039-00182254": "under the oversight of the Royal College", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00590-00182255-00182680": "of pathologists after four to six years", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00591-00182681-00182965": "of undergraduate medical study trainees", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00592-00182966-00183205": "proceed to a two-year foundation", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00593-00183206-00183508": "programme full-time training in", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00594-00183509-00183754": "histopathology currently lasts between", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00595-00183755-00184012": "five and five and a half years and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00596-00184013-00184276": "includes specialist training in surgical", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00597-00184277-00184606": "pathology cytopathology and autopsy", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00598-00184607-00184975": "pathology it is also possible to take a", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00599-00184976-00185260": "Royal College of pathologists Diploma in", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00600-00185261-00185572": "forensic pathology dermatology or", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00601-00185573-00185878": "cytopathology recognising additional", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00602-00185879-00186145": "specialist training and expertise and to", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00603-00186146-00186412": "get specialist accreditation in forensic", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00604-00186413-00186661": "pathology pediatric pathology and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00605-00186662-00187087": "neuropathology all postgraduate medical", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00606-00187088-00187348": "training and education in the UK is", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00607-00187349-00187465": "overseen by the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00608-00187466-00187848": "General Medical Council in France", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00609-00187849-00188125": "pathology is separate in two distinct", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00610-00188126-00188408": "specialties anatomical pathology in", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00611-00188409-00188779": "clinical pathology residences for both", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00612-00188780-00189190": "lasts four years residency in anatomical", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00613-00189191-00189431": "pathology is open to physicians only", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00614-00189432-00189707": "while clinical pathology is open to both", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00615-00189708-00190109": "physicians and pharmacists at the end of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00616-00190110-00190348": "the second year of clinical pathology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00617-00190349-00190591": "residency residents can choose between", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00618-00190592-00190822": "general clinical pathology and a", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00619-00190823-00191057": "specialization in one of the disciplines", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00620-00191058-00191321": "that they cannot practice anatomical", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00621-00191322-00191393": "pathology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00622-00191394-00191672": "nor can anatomical pathology residents", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00623-00191673-00192415": "practice clinical pathology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00624-00192416-00192757": "topic overlap with other diagnostic", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00625-00192758-00193225": "medicine", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00626-00193226-00193491": "though separate fields in terms of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00627-00193492-00193744": "medical practice a number of areas of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00628-00193745-00194134": "inquiry in medicine and medical science", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00629-00194135-00194379": "either overlap greatly with general", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00630-00194380-00194632": "pathology work in tandem with it or", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00631-00194633-00194853": "contribute significantly to the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00632-00194854-00195066": "understanding of the pathology of a", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00633-00195067-00195277": "given disease or its course in an", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00634-00195278-00195637": "individual as a significant portion of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00635-00195638-00195853": "all general pathology practice is", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00636-00195854-00196099": "concerned with cancer the practice of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00637-00196100-00196416": "oncology is deeply tied to and dependent", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00638-00196417-00196678": "upon the work of both anatomical and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00639-00196679-00197122": "clinical pathologists biopsy resection", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00640-00197123-00197356": "and blood tests are all examples of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00641-00197357-00197602": "pathology work that is essential for the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00642-00197603-00197890": "diagnosis of many kinds of cancer and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00643-00197891-00198262": "for the staging of cancerous masses in a", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00644-00198263-00198493": "similar fashion the tissue and blood", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00645-00198494-00198778": "analysis techniques of general pathology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00646-00198779-00198996": "are of central significance to the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00647-00198997-00199240": "investigation of serious infectious", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00648-00199241-00199513": "disease and as such inform significantly", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00649-00199514-00199853": "upon the fields of Epidemiology etiology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00650-00199854-00200263": "immunology and parasitology general", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00651-00200264-00200452": "pathology methods are of great", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00652-00200453-00200734": "importance to biomedical research into", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00653-00200735-00200938": "disease wherein they are sometimes", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00654-00200939-00201393": "referred to as experimental or", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00655-00201394-00201915": "investigative pathology medical imaging", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00656-00201916-00202115": "is the generating of visual", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00657-00202116-00202351": "representations of the interior of a", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00658-00202352-00202621": "body for clinical analysis and medical", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00659-00202622-00202972": "intervention medical imaging reveals", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00660-00202973-00203269": "details of internal physiology that help", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00661-00203270-00203527": "medical professionals plan appropriate", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00662-00203528-00203749": "treatments for tissue infection and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00663-00203750-00204133": "trauma medical imaging is also central", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00664-00204134-00204340": "in supplying the biometric data", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00665-00204341-00204652": "necessary to establish baseline features", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00666-00204653-00204907": "of anatomy and physiology so as to", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00667-00204908-00205146": "increase the accuracy with which early", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00668-00205148-00205375": "or fine detail abnormalities are", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00669-00205376-00205761": "detected these diagnostic techniques are", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00670-00205762-00205986": "often performed in combination with", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00671-00205987-00206221": "general pathology procedures and are", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00672-00206221-00206476": "themselves often essential to developing", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00673-00206477-00206587": "new understand", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00674-00206588-00206830": "of the pathogenesis of a given disease", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00675-00206831-00207076": "and tracking the progress of disease in", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00676-00207077-00207484": "specific medical cases examples of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00677-00207485-00207712": "important subdivisions in medical", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00678-00207713-00208012": "imaging include radiology which uses the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00679-00208013-00208216": "imaging technologies of x-ray", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00680-00208217-00208507": "radiography magnetic resonance imaging", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00681-00208508-00208809": "medical ultrasonography or ultrasound", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00682-00208810-00209167": "endoscopy elastography tactile imaging", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00683-00209167-00209496": "thermography medical photography nuclear", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00684-00209498-00209667": "medicine and functional imaging", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00685-00209669-00209941": "techniques such as positron emission", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00686-00209942-00210259": "tomography though they do not strictly", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00687-00210260-00210565": "relay images readings from Diagnostics", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00688-00210566-00210834": "tests involving electroencephalography", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00689-00210835-00211142": "magneto encephalography and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00690-00211144-00211369": "electrocardiography often give hints as", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00691-00211369-00211582": "to the state and function of certain", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00692-00211583-00211758": "tissues in the brain and heart", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00693-00211759-00212406": "respectively", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00694-00212407-00213121": "topic psychopathology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00695-00213123-00213351": "psychopathology is the study of mental", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00696-00213352-00213731": "illness particularly of severe disorders", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00697-00213732-00214038": "informed heavily by both psychology and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00698-00214039-00214275": "neurology its purpose is to classify", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00699-00214276-00214571": "mental illness elucidate its underlying", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00700-00214573-00214839": "causes and guide clinical psychiatric", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00701-00214840-00215054": "treatment accordingly", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00702-00215055-00215391": "although diagnosis and classification of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00703-00215392-00215625": "mental norms and disorders is largely", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00704-00215626-00215973": "the purview of psychiatry the results of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00705-00215973-00216150": "which are guidelines such as the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00706-00216151-00216405": "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00707-00216406-00216639": "Mental Disorders which attempt to", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00708-00216640-00216882": "classify mental disease mostly on", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00709-00216883-00217104": "behavioral evidence though not without", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00710-00217105-00217215": "controversy", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00711-00217216-00217484": "the field is also heavily and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00712-00217485-00217713": "increasingly informed upon by", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00713-00217714-00217944": "neuroscience and other of the biological", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00714-00217944-00218337": "cognitive sciences mental or social", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00715-00218338-00218637": "disorders or behaviors seen as generally", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00716-00218638-00218862": "unhealthy or excessive in a given", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00717-00218863-00219092": "individual to the point where they cause", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00718-00219094-00219321": "harm or severe disruption to the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00719-00219321-00219554": "sufferers lifestyle are often called", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00720-00219555-00220053": "pathological eg pathological gambling or", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00721-00220054-00220681": "pathological liar", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00722-00220682-00221248": "topic history", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00723-00221248-00221535": "the study of pathology including the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00724-00221536-00221740": "detailed examination of the body", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00725-00221741-00222037": "including dissection and inquiry into", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00726-00222038-00222267": "specific maladies dates back to", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00727-00222269-00222646": "antiquity rudimentary understanding of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00728-00222646-00222873": "many conditions was present in most", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00729-00222875-00223132": "early societies and is attested to in", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00730-00223133-00223350": "the records of the earliest historical", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00731-00223351-00223635": "societies including those of the Middle", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00732-00223636-00223990": "East India and China by the Hellenic", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00733-00223991-00224271": "period of ancient Greece a concerted", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00734-00224273-00224587": "causal study of disease was underway see", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00735-00224588-00224817": "medicine in ancient Greece with many", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00736-00224819-00225055": "notable early physicians such as", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00737-00225056-00225135": "Hippocrates", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00738-00225136-00225376": "for whom the modern Hippocratic oath is", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00739-00225377-00225594": "named having developed methods of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00740-00225596-00225865": "diagnosis and prognosis for a number of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00741-00225866-00226132": "diseases the medical practices of the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00742-00226133-00226351": "Romans and those of the Byzantines", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00743-00226352-00226627": "continued from these Greek roots but as", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00744-00226628-00226888": "with many areas of scientific inquiry", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00745-00226889-00227137": "growth in understanding of medicine", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00746-00227138-00227373": "stagnated some after the Classical era", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00747-00227375-00227605": "but continued to slowly develop", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00748-00227606-00227946": "throughout numerous cultures notably", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00749-00227948-00228210": "many advances were made in the medieval", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00750-00228211-00228510": "era of Islam see medicine in medieval", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00751-00228511-00228771": "Islam during which numerous texts of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00752-00228773-00229012": "complex pathologies were developed also", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00753-00229013-00229387": "based on the Greek tradition even so", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00754-00229388-00229635": "growth in complex understanding of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00755-00229636-00229848": "disease mostly languished until", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00756-00229850-00230073": "knowledge and experimentation again", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00757-00230075-00230325": "began to proliferate in the Renaissance", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00758-00230326-00230607": "Enlightenment and Baroque eras following", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00759-00230608-00230835": "the resurgence of the empirical method", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00760-00230836-00231151": "at new centres of scholarship by the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00761-00231152-00231529": "17th century the study of microscopy was", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00762-00231530-00231805": "underway an examination of tissues had", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00763-00231806-00232071": "led British Royal Society member Robert", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00764-00232073-00232450": "Hooke to coin the word cell setting the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00765-00232451-00232842": "stage for later germ theory modern", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00766-00232844-00233121": "pathology began to develop as a distinct", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00767-00233123-00233419": "field of inquiry during the 19th century", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00768-00233419-00233610": "through natural philosophers and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00769-00233611-00233848": "physicians that studied disease in the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00770-00233848-00234059": "informal study of what they termed", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00771-00234060-00234423": "pathological Anatomy or morbid Anatomy", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00772-00234423-00234586": "however", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00773-00234587-00234826": "ecology is a formal area of specialty", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00774-00234827-00235069": "was not fully developed until the late", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00775-00235069-00235366": "19th and early 20th centuries with the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00776-00235367-00235702": "advent of detailed study of microbiology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00777-00235703-00236107": "in the 19th century physicians had begun", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00778-00236108-00236298": "to understand that disease-causing", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00779-00236300-00236748": "pathogens or germs a catch-all for", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00780-00236750-00237055": "disease-causing or pathogenic microbes", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00781-00237056-00237388": "such as bacteria viruses fungi", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00782-00237389-00237808": "Ameobi molds protists and prions existed", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00783-00237809-00238026": "and were capable of reproduction and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00784-00238027-00238291": "multiplication replacing earlier beliefs", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00785-00238292-00238591": "in humors or even spiritual agents that", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00786-00238592-00238902": "had dominated for much of the previous", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00787-00238903-00239305": "1,500 years in European medicine with", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00788-00239306-00239517": "the new understanding of causative", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00789-00239519-00239806": "agents physicians began to compare the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00790-00239807-00240091": "characteristics of one germs symptoms as", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00791-00240092-00240277": "they developed within an affected", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00792-00240278-00240448": "individual to another germs", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00793-00240448-00240819": "characteristics and symptoms this", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00794-00240819-00241060": "realization led to the foundational", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00795-00241061-00241306": "understanding that diseases are able to", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00796-00241307-00241537": "replicate themselves and that they can", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00797-00241538-00241801": "have many profound and varied effects on", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00798-00241802-00242167": "the human host to determine causes of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00799-00242167-00242239": "diseases", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00800-00242240-00242533": "medical experts used the most common and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00801-00242534-00242800": "widely accepted assumptions or symptoms", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00802-00242801-00243052": "of their times a general principle of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00803-00243053-00243250": "approach that persists into modern", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00804-00243251-00243442": "medicine modern medicine was", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00805-00243442-00243642": "particularly advanced by further", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00806-00243644-00243841": "developments of the microscope to", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00807-00243842-00244156": "analyze tissues to which Rudolf Virchow", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00808-00244157-00244438": "gave a significant contribution leading", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00809-00244439-00244834": "to a slew of research developments by", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00810-00244835-00245275": "the late 1920s to early 1930s pathology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00811-00245276-00245638": "was deemed a medical specialty combined", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00812-00245639-00245869": "with developments in the understanding", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00813-00245869-00246123": "of general physiology by the beginning", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00814-00246125-00246358": "of the 20th century the study of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00815-00246359-00246604": "pathology had begun to split into a", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00816-00246605-00246880": "number of rarefied fields and resulting", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00817-00246881-00247092": "in the development of large number of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00818-00247094-00247363": "modern specialties within pathology and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00819-00247364-00247594": "related disciplines of diagnostic", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00820-00247594-00248207": "medicine", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00821-00248208-00248817": "topic nonhumans", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00822-00248819-00249103": "although the vast majority of lab work", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00823-00249104-00249369": "and research in pathology concerns the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00824-00249371-00249588": "development of disease in humans", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00825-00249589-00249841": "pathology is of significance throughout", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00826-00249842-00250219": "the biological sciences two main", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00827-00250219-00250506": "catch-all fields exist to represent most", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00828-00250507-00250804": "complex organisms capable of serving as", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00829-00250805-00251038": "host to a pathogen or other form of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00830-00251039-00251329": "disease veterinary pathology concerned", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00831-00251330-00251583": "with all non-human species of kingdom of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00832-00251584-00251835": "Animalia and phyto pathology which", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00833-00251836-00252560": "studies disease in plants", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00834-00252561-00253129": "topic veterinary", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00835-00253130-00253419": "veterinary pathology covers a vast array", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00836-00253419-00253677": "of species but with a significantly", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00837-00253678-00253928": "smaller number of practitioners so", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00838-00253929-00254129": "understanding of disease in non-human", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00839-00254130-00254456": "animals especially as regards veterinary", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00840-00254457-00254821": "practice varies considerably by species", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00841-00254823-00255146": "nonetheless significant amounts of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00842-00255148-00255371": "pathology researcher conducted on", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00843-00255373-00255777": "animals for two primary reasons one the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00844-00255778-00256028": "origins of diseases are typically ZOA", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00845-00256029-00256283": "notok in nature and many infectious", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00846-00256284-00256512": "pathogens have animal vectors and as", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00847-00256513-00256781": "such understanding the mechanisms of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00848-00256782-00257001": "action for these pathogens in non-human", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00849-00257002-00257292": "hosts is essential to the understanding", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00850-00257292-00257571": "and application of epidemiology into", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00851-00257571-00257850": "those animals that share physiological", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00852-00257851-00258087": "and genetic traits with humans can be", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00853-00258088-00258315": "used as surrogates for the study of the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00854-00258316-00258567": "disease and potential treatments as well", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00855-00258567-00258792": "as the effects of various synthetic", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00856-00258792-00259140": "products for this reason as well as", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00857-00259141-00259385": "their roles as livestock and companion", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00858-00259386-00259610": "animals mammals generally have the", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00859-00259611-00259863": "largest body of research in veterinary", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00860-00259864-00260219": "pathology animal testing remains a", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00861-00260221-00260475": "controversial practice even in cases", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00862-00260476-00260703": "where it is used to research treatment", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00863-00260704-00261096": "for human disease as in human medical", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00864-00261096-00261353": "pathology the practice of veterinary", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00865-00261354-00261627": "pathology is customarily divided into", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00866-00261628-00261876": "the two main fields of anatomical and", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00867-00261877-00262530": "clinical pathology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00868-00262531-00263091": "topic plants", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00869-00263092-00263301": "although the pathogens and their", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00870-00263302-00263526": "mechanics differ greatly from those of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00871-00263527-00263778": "animals plants a subject to a wide", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00872-00263779-00264039": "variety of diseases including those", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00873-00264040-00264278": "caused by fungi oomycetes", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00874-00264279-00264645": "bacteria viruses viroids virus like", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00875-00264646-00264878": "organisms fight oh please", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00876-00264879-00265274": "protozoa nematodes and parasitic plants", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00877-00265275-00265579": "damage caused by insects mites", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00878-00265580-00265887": "vertebrate and other small herbivores is", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00879-00265888-00266088": "not considered a part of the domain of", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00880-00266089-00266459": "plant pathology the field is deeply", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00881-00266460-00266745": "connected to plant disease epidemiology", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00882-00266746-00266984": "in the horticulture of species that are", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00883-00266985-00267254": "of high importance to the human diet or", "ED_D4QqI1pI-00884-00267255-00267969": "other uses equals equals see also"}}]