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+[{"audio_id": "hcsZPkmM63A", "text": {"hcsZPkmM63A-00000-00000304-00000609": "My name is", "hcsZPkmM63A-00001-00000611-00000913": "Brian Gootee. I'm a research geologist with the", "hcsZPkmM63A-00002-00000915-00001215": "Arizona Geological Survey. Landslides,", "hcsZPkmM63A-00003-00001217-00001519": "in particular, require water", "hcsZPkmM63A-00004-00001521-00001822": "as a primary factor for them", "hcsZPkmM63A-00005-00001823-00002134": "actually ocurring. Their frequency really depends", "hcsZPkmM63A-00006-00002136-00002441": "on the region in which they occur, and how much water", "hcsZPkmM63A-00007-00002443-00002746": "is being provided or added to an", "hcsZPkmM63A-00008-00002748-00003050": "area that can fail.", "hcsZPkmM63A-00009-00003052-00003361": "In some areas landslides and mass wasting features", "hcsZPkmM63A-00010-00003363-00003670": "can be more frequent than other areas.  A", "hcsZPkmM63A-00011-00003672-00003974": "feature like the Marcus Landslide is typically pretty rare.", "hcsZPkmM63A-00012-00003976-00004277": "But it still shows us", "hcsZPkmM63A-00013-00004279-00004592": "or tells us a story of the factors", "hcsZPkmM63A-00014-00004594-00004905": "that can cause landslides and other types of features", "hcsZPkmM63A-00015-00004907-00005214": "like landslides to occur. For a landslide to", "hcsZPkmM63A-00016-00005216-00005519": "occur you have to have loose material. You can't", "hcsZPkmM63A-00017-00005521-00005821": "have a landslide or a rock fall or a debris flow", "hcsZPkmM63A-00018-00005823-00006134": "without the loose material that is primed and poised and", "hcsZPkmM63A-00019-00006136-00006444": "ready to be sent down slope.", "hcsZPkmM63A-00020-00006445-00006751": "Usually the factors that are required to", "hcsZPkmM63A-00021-00006753-00007054": "loosen the deposits are vegetation;", "hcsZPkmM63A-00022-00007056-00007361": "fractures, joints and breaks in rocks;", "hcsZPkmM63A-00023-00007363-00007668": "and maybe even a little bit of ice wedging during", "hcsZPkmM63A-00024-00007670-00007968": "overnight freezes. All of these things can actually", "hcsZPkmM63A-00025-00007970-00008283": "break up the rock and loosen it into smaller pieces.", "hcsZPkmM63A-00026-00008285-00008595": "Once it's poised and primed through", "hcsZPkmM63A-00027-00008597-00008905": "those mechanical", "hcsZPkmM63A-00028-00008907-00009209": "weathering processes then the erosion can occur", "hcsZPkmM63A-00029-00009211-00009516": "with the help of gravity, water and maybe", "hcsZPkmM63A-00030-00009518-00009823": "a little bit of vibration to send that loose", "hcsZPkmM63A-00031-00009825-00010129": "material down slope.  For", "hcsZPkmM63A-00032-00010131-00010431": "a catastrophic landslide you would need a", "hcsZPkmM63A-00033-00010433-00010746": "proportional catastrophic amount of rain", "hcsZPkmM63A-00034-00010748-00011058": "to occur in a short amount of time. That would be a worst-case scenario, where", "hcsZPkmM63A-00035-00011060-00011365": "you have a monsoon [storm] dump down two or three inches of rain", "hcsZPkmM63A-00036-00011367-00011668": "in an hour. That provides", "hcsZPkmM63A-00037-00011670-00011983": "thousands of pounds, even maybe millions of pounds of water", "hcsZPkmM63A-00038-00011985-00012293": "within one or two hours, and that can trigger a landslide.", "hcsZPkmM63A-00039-00012295-00012600": "You can also get them", "hcsZPkmM63A-00040-00012602-00012910": "several weeks after the water has percolated into the", "hcsZPkmM63A-00041-00012912-00013213": "soil and loosened it up. Perhaps", "hcsZPkmM63A-00042-00013216-00013525": "some kind of other", "hcsZPkmM63A-00043-00013527-00013830": "trigger mechanism like even a helicopter has been known to", "hcsZPkmM63A-00044-00013832-00014135": "trigger landslides and rock falls.  You", "hcsZPkmM63A-00045-00014137-00014444": "can have a variety of trigger mechanisms that actually can cause", "hcsZPkmM63A-00046-00014447-00014753": "that material that's already weak and", "hcsZPkmM63A-00047-00014755-00015057": "unstable to become an active", "hcsZPkmM63A-00048-00015059-00015372": "geologic hazard.  If you live next to a", "hcsZPkmM63A-00049-00015374-00015683": "steep slope then your at risk for some type of", "hcsZPkmM63A-00050-00015685-00015990": "slide, slump or creep or even a debris flow.", "hcsZPkmM63A-00051-00015991-00016294": "All those conditions can exist there.", "hcsZPkmM63A-00052-00016296-00016596": "If you have a lot of vegetation, that", "hcsZPkmM63A-00053-00016598-00016907": "means that there is a lot of loose material.  If you", "hcsZPkmM63A-00054-00016909-00017216": "have an area that can collect a lot  of water and", "hcsZPkmM63A-00055-00017218-00017521": "hold it, that is also at risk for", "hcsZPkmM63A-00056-00017523-00017824": "failure. There are a lot of places throughout the state", "hcsZPkmM63A-00057-00017826-00018136": "[where] all of these conditions", "hcsZPkmM63A-00058-00018138-00018440": "can be met in just one place."}}, {"audio_id": "hdfj2GFLMSk", "text": {"hdfj2GFLMSk-00000-00000908-00001236": "Rozina Wossala: Would you like to come in the kitchen and cook with me a little bit?", "hdfj2GFLMSk-00001-00001236-00001296": "Sadhguru: Why not?", "hdfj2GFLMSk-00002-00001296-00001623": "Rozina Wossala: And this is a gift from me to you.", "hdfj2GFLMSk-00003-00001623-00001781": "Sadhguru: What is that? Chili powder (Laughs)?", "hdfj2GFLMSk-00004-00001781-00002200": "Rozina Wossala: It's not chili powder. We're... In Hungary, we are famous for paprika.", "hdfj2GFLMSk-00005-00002320-00002736": "Sadhguru: I better not use it up. _____ (Unclear) I'm coming from a land where...", "hdfj2GFLMSk-00006-00002736-00002899": "the spirit of India is chili (Laughs).", "hdfj2GFLMSk-00007-00002899-00003592": "Rozina Wossala: Yes, it's very rare to find good quality because the soil is not good anymore.", "hdfj2GFLMSk-00008-00003592-00004192": "Sadhguru: Without soil being rich, food won't be rich. Without food being rich,", "hdfj2GFLMSk-00009-00004192-00004785": "our bodies will not be of full potential. What do you call this (Rozina Wossala laughs)?", "hdfj2GFLMSk-00010-00004785-00005076": "Rozina Wossala: It's a Sadhguru salad (Laughter).", "hdfj2GFLMSk-00011-00005076-00005136": "Sadhguru:", "hdfj2GFLMSk-00012-00005136-00005847": "Table twelve (Laughter)!"}}, {"audio_id": "hdBf_RnCAHE", "text": {"hdBf_RnCAHE-00000-00000096-00000400": "hey bro thanks thanks for jumping on and doing this interview with us", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00001-00000456-00000888": "and um yeah we're looking forward to learning more about you can you can you tell us a bit about you", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00002-00000984-00001384": "my pleasure thanks thank thanks for taking out time to you know sit down have a quick chat with", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00003-00001384-00001776": "me i really appreciate it you you've got a big smile on which means you know nothing can stop you", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00004-00001776-00002344": "you're so motivated that's why you're the coach uh so regardless it's locked down or whatnot you know", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00005-00002344-00002808": "uh and it's a beautiful thing that you actually said the other day uh which really you know like", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00006-00002808-00003344": "motivated me um you know got me that focus as well when you know obviously", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00007-00003344-00003784": "uh when we have to lock down gyms are close and you know we're in a in a program and there's", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00008-00003784-00004256": "consistency there there's um so much motivation and all of a sudden you know something happens", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00009-00004256-00004704": "like oh my god you know enough to say that thank you so much and i you know when i heard like i", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00010-00004768-00005272": "quickly jumped and messaged you and you're like a savior so you jumped on it straight away and", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00011-00005272-00005784": "you're like hey look you know let's let's work this through together and uh one one", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00012-00005784-00006264": "thing you mentioned you like focus ten percent on the problem ninety percent on the solution", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00013-00006264-00006856": "so it hit me so well and i'm like wow this is perfect it just changed my whole mindset my whole", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00014-00006856-00007248": "uh perspective on looking at things so thank you so much i really appreciate that", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00015-00007248-00007816": "really really appreciate it yeah and and you're already really super ambitious very consistent", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00016-00007816-00008392": "uh loving loving your your progress so far and and and the work you do you know it's uh it's all yeah", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00017-00008488-00009064": "yeah and you actually bring the work and that's very inspiring to me as well but um can you tell", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00018-00009064-00009864": "us like um so solomon can you tell us like who you are what you do and um yeah sure of course", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00019-00009952-00010424": "yeah of course so i i i work full time so i work with the vulnerable", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00020-00010424-00011128": "community i'm a career coach uh which means i i help people with desired wanted background to", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00021-00011128-00011576": "train there and upskill them in order for them to point suitable and sustainable employment so", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00022-00011576-00012224": "that's my full-time job uh what i also do is i do modeling and acting um as part-time but very", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00023-00012224-00012784": "soon you're gonna hear big news um i'm gonna be going full-time and you play a major part in that", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00024-00012928-00013552": "because i focus back made me realize okay what my goals are where i'm passionate about and", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00025-00013552-00014056": "you know what life is beautiful every every day i wake up people come and ask me i think especially", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00026-00014056-00014656": "with the the program and uh how driven i am and especially with the workout plans and you know the", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00027-00014656-00015216": "nutrition the diet plan you you have set for me it's beautiful like now people ask me they're like", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00028-00015272-00015752": "how are you this morning normally people would say uh could be better you know can't complain", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00029-00015752-00016208": "now i'm like i'm actually better than good so that's that's that's a new thing i've been", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00030-00016208-00016968": "noticing about myself so uh it's amazing so um loving it loving it i'm i'm just a person with", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00031-00016968-00017816": "uh you know i feel like uh a lot of big dreams i i have uh you know ambitions i've got goals uh", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00032-00017816-00018208": "but in order to achieve that you know you need a good coach and you need a good trainer and", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00033-00018264-00018952": "which is why uh one of the things i've come to you and i can i can see you have you know some", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00034-00018952-00019584": "people when you see them and look at them you're like okay so he's got that energy and he's gonna", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00035-00019584-00020336": "be my savior and i remember you know i saw i saw your profile on facebook and instagram", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00036-00020336-00020872": "and um the way you have you know um you know set your programs and the you know you you're", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00037-00020872-00021472": "constantly posting videos on it there's so much material i do know um a lot of trainers they try", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00038-00021472-00021976": "be a little bit sneaky about you know what to post and what not to post whereas you you are", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00039-00021976-00022456": "always out there and regardless you know you're not sort of a person i think you're really there", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00040-00022456-00022904": "to make a difference in the community much rather than the individual focus or visual", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00041-00022904-00023336": "focus the business aspect is there obviously it's going to be there but then again you feel", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00042-00023336-00023832": "like you you have a duty of care and you've got a bigger responsibility and that really attracted me", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00043-00023832-00024392": "in order to approach you and be like hey mish come on my you know you take me under your wing so very", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00044-00024392-00024912": "inspiration thank you as a person as a coach uh thank you here really appreciate that thank you", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00045-00024976-00025839": "uh yes it's um it's my passion and uh you know helping you guys it's really it's very inspiring", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00046-00025839-00026424": "and i forgot to mention uh sorry to cut you off i forgot to mention that you know uh you've got an", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00047-00026424-00027104": "experience of 20 years now this is huge you know this is huge and the amount of knowledge you have", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00048-00027104-00027808": "um on you know on nutrition on the workout the variety of exercises you know and then the rest", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00049-00027808-00028512": "is recovery sleep i don't think i've ever been explained in so much detail in the past", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00050-00028512-00028976": "and you and the best thing about you uh as as i said you know i do a lot of things and you know", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00051-00029168-00029832": "there are a lot of times where i you know we all people you know sometimes your energy is down you", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00052-00029832-00030408": "have all these negative thoughts their fears uh but i suppose with yourself you you always", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00053-00030408-00031024": "you know i'm not gonna say uh behind my back but you know you're always there to encourage me so", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00054-00031024-00031504": "if i'm missing out or out on a workout or you know missed out you know", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00055-00031504-00032072": "updating my uh meals for the day you always mess with saying that hey what's going on so uh you", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00056-00032072-00032568": "know you're constantly checking in and which is so beautiful it's someone you know a person like", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00057-00032568-00033080": "me who's busy seven days a week and um sometimes you know you need that some person and it also", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00058-00033080-00033504": "shows the other person like really cares about you and they really want you to succeed you know", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00059-00033576-00033984": "so thank you again i'm going to be saying thank you to a lot you know because this is a big", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00060-00033984-00034752": "game changer for me good yeah um yes yes the accountability really helps um 20 years it was", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00061-00034752-00035248": "but it wasn't all smooth sailing uh the first 10 years was a lot of trial and error i got top heavy", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00062-00035368-00035904": "you know i i made a lot of mistakes didn't have coaching in the sports you guys have and um and", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00063-00035904-00036576": "it's been quite a journey and over the years i got mindset coaches i uh you know i had a mentor who", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00064-00036576-00037192": "was like a world champ as well as uh met other athletes and models and um also did the studies", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00065-00037192-00037688": "and worked with guys in the gym and online and now around the world it's uh it's been quite a journey", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00066-00037688-00038304": "and um learns a lot along the way and i found just as much value in having a coach is super", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00067-00038304-00039080": "important um you know and uh absolutely it's not so much a savior i'd say it's more about", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00068-00039144-00039768": "bringing out the best in you it's about empowering you to be your very best you know and absolutely", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00069-00039768-00040312": "absolutely do you you know transform in the way that's that you've always wanted and uh", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00070-00040312-00040744": "you know that's why absolutely come up with your vision and your goals and we get clarity on that", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00071-00040744-00041272": "and we design a program that helps you move in that direction and um hundred percent yeah and", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00072-00041272-00041848": "i i feel like you have this tailored approach very uh individualized approach where you know", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00073-00041848-00042480": "you you actually and i know like before me signing up with you you had consultations and men i think", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00074-00042480-00043064": "first time it took so much time and i'm like okay because i'm sort of a person i have to you know uh", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00075-00043064-00043648": "make sure i'm i'm asking so many questions and i'm and you went with it so smooth and you know", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00076-00043648-00044104": "you explained me each and everything and you wanted to know me like that's the biggest point", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00077-00044104-00044488": "not like okay this is what i've said for you it matches you go ahead and you gotta do it but", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00078-00044488-00044968": "rather than you use that flexibility and you use that tailored approach you know try to", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00079-00044968-00045336": "um you know work with my schedule rather than me working with your schedule you know what i", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00080-00045336-00045912": "mean and uh this is something that a lot of people struggle i personally struggled myself in the past", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00081-00045912-00046392": "uh but there's so much flexibility and it's not always about hey uh just just have uh you know", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00082-00046392-00046936": "like uh boiling food and this and then there's so much recipes to it i still remember when you", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00083-00046936-00047336": "told me i'm like look i'm big on sugar i feel like you know having treats every day", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00084-00047336-00047752": "and you like might as well you can have it but then again if you're on top of your workouts", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00085-00047752-00048248": "if you're on top of you know hitting your targets that is set for the day for your nutrition any", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00086-00048248-00048744": "calories left you can have it but so this is i'm like wow i'm like okay i'm actually living so this", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00087-00048744-00049352": "is like a quality you know i was looking for yes you've got to be living you're going to enjoy it", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00088-00049352-00049896": "in order to keep it and uh yeah that's so so one wants you to enjoy the process and get the results", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00089-00049896-00050480": "you want and i found if you enjoyed you'll learn more and also you're you're able to progress a lot", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00090-00050480-00051088": "quicker and your performance is a lot better so uh we're not about restriction total restriction or", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00091-00051088-00051536": "you know sticking to a certain way or forcing yourself to do something it's about uh gradual", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00092-00051536-00051984": "progress and enjoying the process and that allows us to get results and we get to keep keep the", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00093-00051984-00052544": "results which is awesome can you tell us a little bit about some of your struggles that you may", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00094-00052544-00053176": "may have had before before we started coaching absolutely 100 and i think um i did mention", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00095-00053264-00053879": "to you when even when i was you know starting up and i some years back i actually messed up my back", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00096-00053879-00054496": "and one of the reasons major reasons i stopped doing um you know a lot of lower back exercises", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00097-00054496-00055079": "and um um you know training on my legs uh also i'm in a 90s kid so a big fan of johnny brown i'm like", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00098-00055079-00055624": "okay i can wing it you know but that doesn't work out in the long run uh but anyway back to the", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00099-00055624-00056248": "topic so uh i think one of my greatest challenges was like i would you know i'm sort of a person", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00100-00056248-00056760": "that would love to do back lower back exercises you know have that proper um you know what do", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00101-00056760-00057248": "you call it like proper proportion like off the body you know like if everything is stable but", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00102-00057248-00057776": "then again obviously i was training more on upper body and kind of you know neglecting my lower body", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00103-00057776-00058200": "uh which you know at times i'll be like you know but i can't do it i felt helpless you know i had", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00104-00058200-00058879": "pain and i'm like look i'm not gonna risk it but i think uh when i came with all of my problems and", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00105-00058879-00059376": "i was like uh this is what it is i haven't been doing that you're like no don't worry so", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00106-00059376-00060016": "you know i in in phase one i would say you actually designed it so beautifully where you know", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00107-00060016-00060488": "you started off from little too little actually helping me strengthen my back you know and then", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00108-00060488-00061167": "obviously which means uh it allowed me uh to work on my legs and on my lower back um and which is", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00109-00061167-00061688": "now i feel like you know there's so much energy it's uh i feel like you know now i'm very excited", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00110-00061688-00062200": "to train on my legs or do functional exercises and um you know doing lower back exercises i'm", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00111-00062200-00062760": "like i've missed missed out on all of them you know because something i had but the way", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00112-00062760-00063272": "you took it on with the stretches you know started all warming up i previously i was not doing", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00113-00063272-00063767": "it because i was too scared but then again you know the way you set it all out it was realistic", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00114-00063767-00064512": "uh it was achievable so i would say this has in the past that was a challenge but now i'm loving", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00115-00064512-00065112": "it you know there's not even a single day i'm like okay i don't want to train on my legs you know so", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00116-00065112-00065560": "yeah yeah yeah that's that's that's a little story you know yes yes uh that's excellent yeah that's", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00117-00065560-00066168": "great um yeah it's it's very common back issues uh it's it's not just you i've i've had back issues", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00118-00066168-00066824": "it can be very debilitating um you know just to a serious extent it's hard to walk it's hard to move", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00119-00066888-00067376": "and uh i've dealt with clients in the gym as well that's um that had the same issues we sit at a", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00120-00067376-00068040": "desk quite often so and the posture isn't good so it tends to trigger back pain quite often and um", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00121-00068160-00068720": "with knowledge of that and having uh programs that developed for you guys who we've just sit down", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00122-00068720-00069192": "for majority of the day i found that we need to make sure we strengthen the posterior chain", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00123-00069256-00069840": "and um also our core and make sure we do our stretching so that we have a good upright posture", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00124-00069840-00070480": "and we and we have a strong back as well and that is allowed to move well and you know with strength", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00125-00070480-00071224": "and confidence and um absolutely exactly now i 100 agree and i i would just like to add like", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00126-00071224-00071704": "because of my hectic routine in the past you know i was having a bit of you know", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00127-00071704-00072168": "anxiety as well i've got to do this when and i'm sure a lot of people that including yourself you", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00128-00072168-00072744": "know who's got live such a busy and have a busy lifestyle for them you know everything has to be", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00129-00072744-00073184": "locked in in in different time slots and you know something changes you're like oh my god", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00130-00073184-00073600": "what's happened now how can i do it and all of that but i think with your programs it has", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00131-00073600-00074056": "really helped with my mental health too you know i read it somewhere where they said uh", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00132-00074184-00074840": "if if regardless you know if you are big and you're strong but if you are mentally not", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00133-00074840-00075472": "there or mentally weak like you're gonna quit down the track but if you are mentally strong you can", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00134-00075472-00076072": "actually make your physical self stronger and i'm like wow this is so true and most of your programs", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00135-00076072-00076640": "are like that um you know we're uh we're focusing because you know you're feeling good about it i", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00136-00076640-00077248": "i know i was on a lot of supplements before uh signing up with you and uh one thing i was like", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00137-00077248-00077768": "hey mitch look can i uh continue that emily and you're like look it's it's up to you but i would", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00138-00077768-00078264": "suggest not to and i was like because you start relying on the supplements so i'm like oh i can't", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00139-00078264-00078704": "go to gym because i need to have a pre-workout you know for order for me to get that hype and that", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00140-00078704-00079328": "energy but i think the the the nutrients you have suggested and the um i would say the balance of", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00141-00079328-00079992": "it it gives you that natural sort of strength and energy and and that's important and now i'm on no", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00142-00079992-00080640": "products i'm on no supplements at all so this is a big win huge win for me i was so i was taking like", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00143-00080640-00081072": "four or five different supplements because you know all of us want quick results quick results so", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00144-00081256-00081832": "i've had similar experiences with supplements and i i got offered for like three years and uh", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00145-00081832-00082360": "a supplement is just that it's a supplement um you know it's it's something you supplement", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00146-00082360-00083016": "with if you're not having uh proper nutrition proper foods and and so on so um you know it's", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00147-00083016-00083568": "it's not something you depend on it's uh i'd say something that's temporary and you know if if you", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00148-00083624-00084200": "you know are struggling to get all the nutritional value and you know and and you're not feeling as", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00149-00084200-00084920": "well then yeah supplements temporarily until you improve your lifestyle improve uh your foods and", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00150-00084920-00085352": "and so on and and from that also you'll find that you don't need the supplements anymore", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00151-00085352-00085848": "and it can be natural and you enjoy it and um and you also increase your knowledge of nutrition as", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00152-00085848-00086336": "well you're not like oh i need to have this i need to have that it's like you can make better choices", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00153-00086336-00087000": "now because yeah eating well yeah and so totally totally great thank you another thank you there", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00154-00087000-00087856": "yeah it's all good um so so tell me what's what's life right now um for you like we've we've been", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00155-00087856-00088400": "going for a couple weeks we went through phase one and now uh went to the progressive phase", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00156-00088400-00088960": "yeah i think i can i can i can summarize that in one statement okay so i think i'm loving mondays", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00157-00089184-00089920": "so i'm loving mondays so that's what it is i mean it's it's uh i keep saying this but", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00158-00089920-00090608": "um you know mentally emotional health mental health it got me so like it's it's a new thing i", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00159-00090608-00091120": "wake up in the morning i'm i'm energized i'm happy i'm like look now i've gotta go to work i've gotta", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00160-00091120-00091608": "you know smash this out and then later on i've gotta go to gym and it's not like i'm i'm worried", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00161-00091608-00092272": "about it i'm actually uh you know i wanna do it i i i'm very excited about it and i'm i'm like oh", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00162-00092272-00092744": "look i can't wait you know i'm like i wish i had more hours in a day because there's so much i can", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00163-00092744-00093432": "do energy-wise like my energy level has if if i say i had a energy level of out of hundred say", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00164-00093432-00094032": "fifty percent now i'm up to eighty percent and um and and you know and you told me to focus on your", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00165-00094032-00094520": "sleep you told me to focus on your wins you know every time you win something got to celebrate and", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00166-00094520-00095240": "that's exactly what i'm doing so uh this is i feel like has been the the greatest experience so far", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00167-00095240-00095888": "and i'm sure there will be more and more like as as the program goes and as you uh keep coaching me", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00168-00095888-00096312": "i'm i'm sure i'm gonna be the happiest person in the play i'm not saying i'm not already but it's", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00169-00096312-00096936": "gonna it's gonna increase definitely so um yeah oh it's awesome to you that's that's really really", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00170-00096936-00097432": "awesome to you yes um yeah celebrate your win celebrates your journey as you go you know it's", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00171-00097432-00098008": "a lot easier to build on success than our failure and if um yeah you've got so many wins celebrated", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00172-00098008-00098600": "it's um it helps motivate you if anything pops up and you know like a problem you've", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00173-00098600-00099128": "got so many wins and you you know that you you can you can handle this basically yeah so", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00174-00099128-00099976": "acknowledging your wins is really important yeah absolutely absolutely it's cool okay um uh yeah so", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00175-00100080-00100648": "uh anything around your lifestyle that has changed that has improved um would you say", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00176-00100760-00101560": "yeah yeah absolutely i i think lifestyle is more like um see in the past i was very concerned about", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00177-00101560-00102200": "okay there are a lot of things i was missing out on for example say uh if there's a birthday", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00178-00102200-00102648": "and i'm like you know everyone is there and i'm like look i can't have the cake because you know", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00179-00102959-00103759": "it's more like i feel like i'm living a quality life uh you know where if i go go on a birthday", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00180-00103759-00104328": "or you know like me because i consider myself as a normal person i'm a home human being unite", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00181-00104328-00104864": "we have like events to go to we have functions to go to for myself in my other line of work you know", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00182-00104864-00105368": "i have to go out and i have to perform i have to mingle around with people and you know sometimes", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00183-00105368-00105792": "um might have to have a drink or two but in the past i was totally avoiding that but then", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00184-00105792-00106264": "again that was putting my emotional emotional health down where i'm like what am i doing like", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00185-00106264-00106664": "it's life all about sacrificing which is i get it but then again at times like you said you", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00186-00106664-00107200": "know you got to enjoy the wins you got to be a normal person as well i think there's no um", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00187-00107264-00107840": "you know nothing more beautiful than just living a normal life where you know you feel like you know", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00188-00107840-00108248": "you're a human and you can do all these things so now like you said you guided me you coached", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00189-00108248-00108680": "me that you know count your calories uh count your calories whatever is remaining i suppose", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00190-00108680-00109272": "go ahead and do that you know like and then you told me introduce me to okay from bailey then to", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00191-00109272-00109840": "like a whole week hillary you know um so i think it's a big change i'm feeling like i'm living", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00192-00109928-00110488": "you know like a normal normal human like living like a normal human being but then again i'm i'm", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00193-00110488-00111024": "getting the results and um you know i'm still on top of my exercises uh there are days where", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00194-00111024-00111576": "i'm pushing myself but then again you know i i i message you and i'm like look coach i i'm a little", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00195-00111576-00111944": "bit feeling down and like you can do it and you know all this motivational stuff because you're", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00196-00111944-00112624": "always there i think uh the fact that you're always there is is gives me more motivation um and", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00197-00112688-00113176": "to me personally uh every single thing like i was saying lockdown everyone is panicking but", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00198-00113176-00113600": "i message you like you know bringing my problem to you and you left everything because you're so", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00199-00113600-00114168": "invested in your in in your client so it's so invested in you in your students that you you", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00200-00114168-00114528": "want the best for them so you're looking at the bigger picture rather than putting yourself as", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00201-00114528-00115104": "you're putting them first you know and that grows the respect and the value of a coach and you're", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00202-00115104-00115583": "doing such a great job so thank you for that again you know i appreciate it and you've been", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00203-00115583-00116248": "amazing to work with and yeah i'm super grateful to work with you and seeing your consistency and", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00204-00116248-00116840": "you actually showing up and actually communicating as well you know um it's it's so important to to", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00205-00116840-00117424": "have that communication and uh checking and are you going along the way because um you know a lot", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00206-00117424-00117904": "of people get stuck and they feel concerned and they don't they don't voice voice the concerns", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00207-00117904-00118496": "they don't ask questions and it lingers and it brings them down but you know it's good that", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00208-00118496-00118920": "you you asked me a question when you know when the lockdown happened you wanted to change your", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00209-00118920-00119424": "program and you wanted some advice on that and uh you have a little question here and there and", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00210-00119424-00120024": "you let us know how you're going it's it's really important you know to uh to check in and make sure", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00211-00120024-00120511": "you uh you know what to do and you've got guidance and support along the way you know yeah absolutely", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00212-00120511-00120983": "and i think and that's what it is like you know you haven't put that wall up i feel comfortable", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00213-00120983-00121392": "coming to you regardless this was the whole you know like a lock there and i still felt really", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00214-00121392-00121848": "comfortable i'm like i know you know coach is gonna be there for me like if i go with something", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00215-00121848-00122335": "with my concerned advice he's gonna reply back and that's that's the faith of belief and that's", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00216-00122335-00122944": "happened because of our past experiences working together you know you're so approachable um and", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00217-00122944-00123640": "yeah so that's that's uh been it's been a great journey i i'm so excited uh completing all of my", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00218-00123640-00124096": "phase two workouts and uh following that plan and then i can't wait to get into phase three", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00219-00124311-00124840": "it'll be awesome yes and you're doing amazingly well uh you know it's consistency the energy the", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00220-00124840-00125448": "stronger back and um yeah i'm sure the weight is going to start the body is going to start changing", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00221-00125448-00125992": "especially that to be more accurate in nutrition so um yeah it's it all happens as you go and", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00222-00125992-00126448": "you're developing and you're learning as you go so you're gonna gonna see some great results and", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00223-00126448-00126816": "you're gonna be able to keep it because you've enjoyed the process and you've learned it and", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00224-00126816-00127359": "which is awesome uh yeah looking forward to seeing your full transformation as you go and we've also", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00225-00127359-00127992": "got um we've got a bit of a deadline we've got a a good goal to go work towards yeah and uh today", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00226-00127992-00128432": "it's going to drive us a bit more okay and we did kind of one thing we will overview", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00227-00128432-00129024": "and see how things are going and uh of course if need be and i'm always here for you yeah", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00228-00129104-00129856": "thank you so much i really appreciate it thank you so much thank you thank you too and um yeah it's", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00229-00129856-00130248": "uh thanks for jumping on the school and uh you know sharing your experience", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00230-00130248-00130800": "and i'm sure it's going to be very inspiring to you to many people who watch this you know um", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00231-00130800-00131408": "it's uh it it's a journey of ups and downs it's not just a straight straight road to success", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00232-00131408-00132136": "yeah and uh i agree and it's it's helpful to have you know some support accountability and 100 100", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00233-00132136-00132952": "percent and i i i feel like uh now i'm i'm i'm working more on my focus if if that makes sense", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00234-00132952-00133368": "you know you have a focus and then you're like okay the focus is there but sometimes it's", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00235-00133368-00133960": "up and down but now i have the ability because you know the your programs and and my lifestyle", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00236-00134072-00134592": "have given me the opportunity to work on my focus so if it goes here and there now i'm", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00237-00134592-00134880": "in control i'm like hey hey hey where you going come back come back you know", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00238-00135112-00135760": "yes i'll be checking on you and seeing how you go we've got chickens and uh i can see", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00239-00135760-00136168": "all your progress you can see everything from your activity and nutrition your steps and sleep", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00240-00136232-00136800": "so um we can always uh you know work on those things and pinpoint any any challenges we have", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00241-00136800-00137368": "and uh also what's important is uh how are you feeling you know and the mindset yeah yeah yes", "hdBf_RnCAHE-00242-00137368-00138704": "ah yes absolutely performance anyways all right thank you so much for this call it's been great"}}, {"audio_id": "hefDDySEeSQ", "text": {"hefDDySEeSQ-00000-00001356-00001506": "Here we are", "hefDDySEeSQ-00001-00001510-00001754": "with one of the most loved ladies in California:", "hefDDySEeSQ-00002-00001754-00001864": "the OG Kush.", "hefDDySEeSQ-00003-00001868-00002062": "But this is a very special one", "hefDDySEeSQ-00004-00002062-00002254": "because it combines high levels of CBD", "hefDDySEeSQ-00005-00002256-00002486": "with all the traits of an autoflowering plant.", "hefDDySEeSQ-00006-00002500-00002764": "This plant comes from the cross", "hefDDySEeSQ-00007-00002776-00002944": "of an OG Kush and an Auto CBD.", "hefDDySEeSQ-00008-00002944-00003160": "It is very similar to her mother,", "hefDDySEeSQ-00009-00003160-00003424": "but now it is accessible to both", "hefDDySEeSQ-00010-00003436-00003632": "regular and occasional users.", "hefDDySEeSQ-00011-00003632-00003911": "The smell is very similar to her mother´s.", "hefDDySEeSQ-00012-00003932-00004180": "Highly concentrated, citrusy and oily,", "hefDDySEeSQ-00013-00004272-00004590": "but also with some orangey notes.", "hefDDySEeSQ-00014-00005448-00005738": "Thanks to its high levels of CBD,", "hefDDySEeSQ-00015-00005772-00006072": "the effects of THC are suppressed.", "hefDDySEeSQ-00016-00006072-00006310": "So these buds will offer you a deep calmness.", "hefDDySEeSQ-00017-00006808-00006988": "Did you like the OG Kush Auto CBD?", "hefDDySEeSQ-00018-00007012-00007245": "Then get more information on our website", "hefDDySEeSQ-00019-00007250-00007495": "and leave your comments below.", "hefDDySEeSQ-00020-00007514-00007678": "Thanks for having the Dinafem Girls,", "hefDDySEeSQ-00021-00007678-00007848": "and remember that we´ll be waiting for you", "hefDDySEeSQ-00022-00007858-00008002": "on our Social Media.", "hefDDySEeSQ-00023-00008016-00008138": "See you there!"}}, {"audio_id": "hevKqiriuCA", "text": {"hevKqiriuCA-00000-00000338-00001076": "Okay, this is 2.2a: Reduce Fractions. It's our introduction to fractions.", "hevKqiriuCA-00001-00001076-00002176": "A fraction is a part of a whole.", "hevKqiriuCA-00002-00002176-00003676": "Example if we have four-fifths, where four is the part called the numerator", "hevKqiriuCA-00003-00003677-00005687": "and five is the whole, called the denominator.", "hevKqiriuCA-00004-00005688-00006648": "So, if we look at example one, what fraction is shaded? We count how many blue parts we have.", "hevKqiriuCA-00005-00006648-00007520": "We have five and the whole is divided up into one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight.", "hevKqiriuCA-00006-00007520-00008022": "So that means we have five-eighths.", "hevKqiriuCA-00007-00008022-00010784": "In example two, we have one, two, three, four out of five and so our fraction is four-fifths."}}, {"audio_id": "heIzORleeH8", "text": {"heIzORleeH8-00000-00000080-00000192": "In this tutorial", "heIzORleeH8-00001-00000205-00000443": "we are going to explore different methods", "heIzORleeH8-00002-00000467-00000722": "to draw objects in Synfig", "heIzORleeH8-00003-00000782-00001013": "First, we are going to use the rectangle tool", "heIzORleeH8-00004-00001023-00001152": "to create the sky.", "heIzORleeH8-00005-00001203-00001410": "Let's choose the rectangle tool.", "heIzORleeH8-00006-00001455-00001631": "In the tool's parameters", "heIzORleeH8-00007-00001656-00001798": "we check that the region check box", "heIzORleeH8-00008-00001808-00001933": "is selected", "heIzORleeH8-00009-00002039-00002223": "Now we can draw the rectangle.", "heIzORleeH8-00010-00002398-00002524": "We choose a color", "heIzORleeH8-00011-00002797-00002909": "and fill it.", "heIzORleeH8-00012-00003442-00003649": "We are going to create a road now.", "heIzORleeH8-00013-00003704-00003971": "For that, we are using the polygon tool.", "heIzORleeH8-00014-00004038-00004141": "let's choose it", "heIzORleeH8-00015-00004346-00004521": "check the parameters", "heIzORleeH8-00016-00005029-00005183": "and create the road.", "heIzORleeH8-00017-00005462-00005572": "With this tool", "heIzORleeH8-00018-00005597-00005860": "we can create objects with many sides.", "heIzORleeH8-00019-00005880-00006097": "The minimum is three sides.", "heIzORleeH8-00020-00006419-00006562": "Choose the color", "heIzORleeH8-00021-00007197-00007387": "and fill the polygon.", "heIzORleeH8-00022-00007604-00007930": "It's a good practice to change the name of the layers.", "heIzORleeH8-00023-00008051-00008286": "Let's call this layer: road", "heIzORleeH8-00024-00008860-00008960": "Finally", "heIzORleeH8-00025-00008992-00009171": "we are going to create some mountains", "heIzORleeH8-00026-00009346-00009491": "The mountains should be placed", "heIzORleeH8-00027-00009501-00009620": "on top of the sky", "heIzORleeH8-00028-00009639-00009814": "but bellow the road.", "heIzORleeH8-00029-00009837-00010045": "So we select the sky layer", "heIzORleeH8-00030-00010070-00010264": "before drawing the mountains.", "heIzORleeH8-00031-00010362-00010575": "We are going to use the drawing tool", "heIzORleeH8-00032-00010585-00010763": "because it allow us to create objects", "heIzORleeH8-00033-00010773-00010918": "with more complex shapes.", "heIzORleeH8-00034-00010960-00011110": "We choose the tool,", "heIzORleeH8-00035-00011152-00011334": "check the parameters,", "heIzORleeH8-00036-00011375-00011499": "choose a color,", "heIzORleeH8-00037-00011575-00011759": "and we draw the mountain.", "heIzORleeH8-00038-00012913-00013059": "I'm joining the extreme points", "heIzORleeH8-00039-00013069-00013176": "of the line", "heIzORleeH8-00040-00013186-00013327": "than define the mountain.", "heIzORleeH8-00041-00013475-00013693": "This step is not really necessary.", "heIzORleeH8-00042-00013788-00013967": "Let's call these layers", "heIzORleeH8-00043-00013977-00014091": "mountains.", "heIzORleeH8-00044-00014203-00014408": "We called the first one mountains outline", "heIzORleeH8-00045-00014455-00014555": "and the other one", "heIzORleeH8-00046-00014565-00014755": "we called mountains Region.", "heIzORleeH8-00047-00015535-00015650": "This is going to be the background", "heIzORleeH8-00048-00015660-00015830": "for our animation,", "heIzORleeH8-00049-00015884-00016137": "so we are going to select all the layers", "heIzORleeH8-00050-00016147-00016270": "and we are going to group them,", "heIzORleeH8-00051-00016317-00016558": "Finally, we change the name of the group", "heIzORleeH8-00052-00016568-00016701": "to \"background\".", "heIzORleeH8-00053-00016791-00016943": "Thanks for watching the video.", "heIzORleeH8-00054-00017005-00017145": "In the next video", "heIzORleeH8-00055-00017157-00017303": "we are going to create an airplane.", "heIzORleeH8-00056-00017338-00017438": "See you next time."}}, {"audio_id": "hf4yqx1nH6U", "text": {"hf4yqx1nH6U-00000-00002723-00003000": "When you arrive at your table, I want you to take out…", "hf4yqx1nH6U-00001-00003000-00003300": "Let's see who's paying attention.", "hf4yqx1nH6U-00002-00003300-00003800": "I want you to take out your little bags, five cubes,", "hf4yqx1nH6U-00003-00003800-00004210": "and put them in front  of you in a line.", "hf4yqx1nH6U-00004-00004210-00004516": "Table number one, go ahead.", "hf4yqx1nH6U-00005-00004516-00005210": "Cubes, five cubes in front of me in a straight line.", "hf4yqx1nH6U-00006-00005210-00005700": "In a line that is horizontal.", "hf4yqx1nH6U-00007-00005700-00006110": "Table number two, go ahead. Let's see you take out your cubes.", "hf4yqx1nH6U-00008-00006110-00006450": "I'll look at that in a second. Don't touch anything else.", "hf4yqx1nH6U-00009-00006450-00006600": "Nothing more than just the cubes.", "hf4yqx1nH6U-00010-00006600-00006809": "Take them out, don't connect them. Just put them in a line.", "hf4yqx1nH6U-00011-00006809-00007020": "Table number three, go ahead.", "hf4yqx1nH6U-00012-00007020-00007600": "You don't have to connect the cubes. Just take them out, Oscar.", "hf4yqx1nH6U-00013-00007600-00007809": "Very good.", "hf4yqx1nH6U-00014-00007809-00008114": "[chime]"}}, {"audio_id": "hffdplDjj0U", "text": {"hffdplDjj0U-00000-00000046-00000725": "good morning everybody it is, first cup with Jeremy this is my", "hffdplDjj0U-00001-00000725-00001299": "first cup of coffee and I'm Jeremy. You know, I'm really bad at naming stuff", "hffdplDjj0U-00002-00001299-00001855": "apparently so yeah, I'm gonna fidget with this hat the whole time", "hffdplDjj0U-00003-00001855-00002424": "because I don't really wear hats too often and I told myself I should be", "hffdplDjj0U-00004-00002424-00002964": "wearing something whislekick every time. It's been t-shirts the last few", "hffdplDjj0U-00005-00002964-00003618": "days but you don't see below here so maybe not the best choice... I don't know...", "hffdplDjj0U-00006-00004079-00004130": "coffee is so", "hffdplDjj0U-00007-00004134-00004962": "good. We have a lot of great micro roasters? is that a term? a lot of smaller", "hffdplDjj0U-00008-00004962-00005462": "coffee roasters here in Vermont most of you are probably familiar with Green", "hffdplDjj0U-00009-00005462-00006105": "Mountain a.k.a.Keurig a.k.a. Keurig Green Mountain... the company that makes", "hffdplDjj0U-00010-00006105-00006743": "all the pods. It makes some good coffee but we've got some way better stuff to", "hffdplDjj0U-00011-00006743-00007236": "be honest. I have a Keurig in the kitchen and I use it to heat water to make this", "hffdplDjj0U-00012-00007236-00007929": "coffee cuz it's better... this is uh Vermont", "hffdplDjj0U-00013-00007929-00008421": "coffee company maybe I like them because they're really boring at naming things", "hffdplDjj0U-00014-00008421-00009011": "too. Whenever I do an episode of the podcast and I talk about one of the", "hffdplDjj0U-00015-00009011-00009417": "projects that we do like martial arts calendar which actually we just closed I", "hffdplDjj0U-00016-00009417-00010215": "should talk about that in a second or martial arts memes or martial arts radio", "hffdplDjj0U-00017-00010215-00010825": "the very name of the podcast... you know all the names are really descriptive and", "hffdplDjj0U-00018-00010874-00011507": "that's for a couple reasons one: it's easier to find things it's search", "hffdplDjj0U-00019-00011507-00011936": "engine optimization and it's all that but it's also... I just don't feel the", "hffdplDjj0U-00020-00011936-00012257": "need to be clever I don't want to hide behind clever things I want us to make", "hffdplDjj0U-00021-00012257-00012684": "stuff that stands on its own. So I said martial arts calendars", "hffdplDjj0U-00022-00012684-00013180": "done. Here's why... so we started martial arts calendar", "hffdplDjj0U-00023-00013180-00014362": "I don't even know when... over a year ago... we did the first round... it's like 15", "hffdplDjj0U-00024-00014362-00014815": "months ago... for those of you that had never been do martial arts calendar.com", "hffdplDjj0U-00025-00014815-00015160": "the entire mission was to set up a site where people could submit any", "hffdplDjj0U-00026-00015160-00015709": "martial arts event for free and it was free to browse and that's", "hffdplDjj0U-00027-00015709-00016116": "just part of my mission to give people more options in attending martial arts", "hffdplDjj0U-00028-00016116-00016468": "events however, despite putting in literally", "hffdplDjj0U-00029-00016468-00016858": "thousands of dollars to create it keep it running", "hffdplDjj0U-00030-00016858-00017604": "promote it... I actually was paying someone to go out, find events put them on", "hffdplDjj0U-00031-00017604-00018055": "message the event promoters, it'd be like \"hey check this out\"", "hffdplDjj0U-00032-00018055-00018667": "we just... it just didn't get any traction and there's a point in time where you", "hffdplDjj0U-00033-00018667-00019075": "have to abandon what's not working so you can make space for things that do", "hffdplDjj0U-00034-00019075-00019744": "work. Sometimes you just gotta say: Whatever... that's kind of unfortunate that this is", "hffdplDjj0U-00035-00019744-00021086": "mirrored... so yeah shut that site down... Friday that was hard you know cuz a lot", "hffdplDjj0U-00036-00021086-00021408": "of times we'll look at something that we've invested a lot in whether it's", "hffdplDjj0U-00037-00021409-00022009": "time or money it could be a business it could be something you do to a business it", "hffdplDjj0U-00038-00022009-00022606": "could be a personal relationship and you say you know I've put so much into this", "hffdplDjj0U-00039-00022820-00023340": "I can't let it go... well I look at it a little differently", "hffdplDjj0U-00040-00023340-00024106": "knowing what you know now... would you invest what you have invested to get to", "hffdplDjj0U-00041-00024106-00025090": "where you are? and if the answer is no, sometimes you just gotta bail... there's", "hffdplDjj0U-00042-00025090-00025629": "a book... wrenchy Lisa lent it to me I forget the", "hffdplDjj0U-00043-00025629-00026172": "title but Seth Godin wrote it really short the whole concept of this book is", "hffdplDjj0U-00044-00026172-00026538": "that when you start something before you even start something you should", "hffdplDjj0U-00045-00026538-00027237": "decide what failure looks like so you know when to step away... and that's been", "hffdplDjj0U-00046-00027237-00027625": "really helpful for me to know, okay you know we're gonna try this thing we're", "hffdplDjj0U-00047-00027625-00028012": "gonna start this project but if we can't get to this many users or it can't", "hffdplDjj0U-00048-00028012-00028422": "generate this many dollars in, you know, a month three months twelve months", "hffdplDjj0U-00049-00028422-00029246": "whatever it is... we're done so you have a clear definition that isn't going to be", "hffdplDjj0U-00050-00029246-00029814": "corrupted by you being in the moment by you saying, you know let me just try this", "hffdplDjj0U-00051-00029814-00030337": "one more thing... you gotta hold yourself accountable and accountability it's part", "hffdplDjj0U-00052-00030337-00031252": "of why I am doing this show? do I get to call this a show? so how does that relate", "hffdplDjj0U-00053-00031252-00031959": "to martial arts? it could certainly relate to martial arts as a business it", "hffdplDjj0U-00054-00031959-00032431": "could relate to martial arts in competition, let's say you're talking", "hffdplDjj0U-00055-00032431-00033147": "about forms competition if you can't get a certain form to work or maybe it does", "hffdplDjj0U-00056-00033147-00033471": "certainly you're performing an element in a form if that's just not resonating", "hffdplDjj0U-00057-00033471-00034186": "with the judges after X many hours of practice or X many competitions maybe", "hffdplDjj0U-00058-00034186-00035102": "you change it, or maybe your fighting style... maybe you need to change that", "hffdplDjj0U-00059-00036449-00037001": "it's beautiful out... it's absolutely gorgeous I was sunburned on my back", "hffdplDjj0U-00060-00037001-00037653": "working outside in the yard yesterday it was just nice... like low to mid 70s lots", "hffdplDjj0U-00061-00037653-00038460": "of sun it's great... all right I'm gonna call it here so, here's what I suggest of", "hffdplDjj0U-00062-00038460-00039234": "you today I want you to find one thing that is on your agenda for today well", "hffdplDjj0U-00063-00039234-00039696": "let's open it up, it's Sunday... you might not be doing anything today look", "hffdplDjj0U-00064-00039696-00040236": "for one thing that's gonna happen in the near future that the success of that", "hffdplDjj0U-00065-00040236-00041241": "thing...  I am absolutely allowed to yawn on this show... alright so in the coming week", "hffdplDjj0U-00066-00041241-00041958": "or whatever there's... find one thing that the likelihood for success the clarity", "hffdplDjj0U-00067-00041958-00042861": "of what success is is murky and I want you to define what failure looks like I", "hffdplDjj0U-00068-00042861-00043563": "want you to define at what point you will stop and then I want you to hold to", "hffdplDjj0U-00069-00043563-00044414": "that. If you fail, you stop it's not... failures not always not succeeding", "hffdplDjj0U-00070-00044414-00045102": "failure has a very clear definition and sometimes it is easier often it is more", "hffdplDjj0U-00071-00045102-00045792": "beneficial to work through failures to find the failure to get to that point to", "hffdplDjj0U-00072-00045792-00046290": "take the lesson to learn whatever it is instead of constantly riding in this", "hffdplDjj0U-00073-00046290-00046704": "grey area middle between success and failure which to be perfectly honest", "hffdplDjj0U-00074-00046704-00047211": "that's where most people live their lives... we say that, oh because I haven't", "hffdplDjj0U-00075-00047211-00047816": "failed... you have a great day and I'll be back tomorrow peace!"}}, {"audio_id": "hfTAlm_pXBE", "text": {"hfTAlm_pXBE-00002-00000606-00000932": "It is all about, I think for all nonprofits but especially for", "hfTAlm_pXBE-00003-00000932-00000978": "us", "hfTAlm_pXBE-00004-00000978-00001373": "establishing a link with people, and the few times when I go on the air I often say to", "hfTAlm_pXBE-00005-00001373-00001618": "people you know,  you can sit there and not do anything,", "hfTAlm_pXBE-00006-00001618-00002007": "or believe me if you make a contribution you're gonna feel so much better about", "hfTAlm_pXBE-00007-00002007-00002086": "yourself,", "hfTAlm_pXBE-00008-00002086-00002418": "you are going to have the psychic reward that the you watch something on TV and say", "hfTAlm_pXBE-00009-00002418-00002764": "I helped make this possible. The fact is across public media", "hfTAlm_pXBE-00010-00002764-00003125": "I think we do great work, it's about 1 out of 10 people who watch", "hfTAlm_pXBE-00011-00003125-00003479": "actually contribute, so 9 out of 10 don't.", "hfTAlm_pXBE-00013-00003540-00004014": "If 2 or  3 out of 10 did, that would change economy what we do."}}, {"audio_id": "hfXomjG2ZLg", "text": {"hfXomjG2ZLg-00000-00000000-00000200": "ogoh-ogoh Buleleng Bali"}}, {"audio_id": "hg1viJEkxCY", "text": {"hg1viJEkxCY-00000-00000026-00000196": "Where is my Refer-A-Friend link", "hg1viJEkxCY-00001-00000196-00000500": "And how much will it pay me?", "hg1viJEkxCY-00002-00000500-00000617": "Start on our website", "hg1viJEkxCY-00003-00000617-00000836": "Click \"dashboard\"", "hg1viJEkxCY-00004-00000836-00001184": "Sign up, then scroll down after signing in.", "hg1viJEkxCY-00005-00001184-00001289": "You will see the", "hg1viJEkxCY-00006-00001289-00001516": "Refer-A-Friend link right there.", "hg1viJEkxCY-00007-00001516-00001686": "Why should you use it?", "hg1viJEkxCY-00008-00001686-00001843": "You get paid 10%", "hg1viJEkxCY-00009-00001843-00002175": "A 10% bonus on top of", "hg1viJEkxCY-00010-00002175-00002399": "Everything your referrals make.", "hg1viJEkxCY-00011-00002399-00002599": "So if you refer 10 people", "hg1viJEkxCY-00012-00002599-00002903": "And those 10 people make $1,000", "hg1viJEkxCY-00013-00002903-00003214": "For a lifetime of their account", "hg1viJEkxCY-00014-00003214-00003358": "You make $100", "hg1viJEkxCY-00015-00003358-00003629": "To clarify, when I say \"lifetime\"", "hg1viJEkxCY-00016-00003629-00003773": "I mean lifetime!", "hg1viJEkxCY-00017-00003773-00003928": "This does not expire.", "hg1viJEkxCY-00018-00003928-00004112": "It is not 10% for one month", "hg1viJEkxCY-00019-00004112-00004305": "Or for one year.", "hg1viJEkxCY-00020-00004305-00004506": "It is 10% forever!", "hg1viJEkxCY-00021-00004506-00004735": "As long as the people you refer", "hg1viJEkxCY-00022-00004735-00004967": "Are earning revenue on any.TV", "hg1viJEkxCY-00023-00004967-00005235": "You are earning a 10% bonus", "hg1viJEkxCY-00024-00005235-00005337": "Of whatever they make", "hg1viJEkxCY-00025-00005337-00005610": "For the lifetime of their account.", "hg1viJEkxCY-00026-00005610-00005710": "Hope this helps.", "hg1viJEkxCY-00027-00005710-00005896": "If they make $10,000,", "hg1viJEkxCY-00028-00005896-00005996": "You make $1,000.", "hg1viJEkxCY-00029-00005996-00006326": "Now, you don't take $1,000", "hg1viJEkxCY-00030-00006326-00006541": "Away from your referrals.", "hg1viJEkxCY-00031-00006541-00006678": "They make the same amount of money", "hg1viJEkxCY-00032-00006678-00006823": "That they would have made", "hg1viJEkxCY-00033-00006823-00007009": "Whether or not you referred them.", "hg1viJEkxCY-00034-00007009-00007422": "You get a 10% bonus from any.TV!", "hg1viJEkxCY-00035-00007422-00007561": "That is my way of saying", "hg1viJEkxCY-00036-00007561-00007793": "\"Thank you\" for recommending", "hg1viJEkxCY-00037-00007793-00008044": "any.TV to your friends and partners.", "hg1viJEkxCY-00038-00008044-00008361": "Now guys, this is not a pyramid scheme.", "hg1viJEkxCY-00039-00008361-00008631": "You don't get 10% of the people", "hg1viJEkxCY-00040-00008631-00008845": "You refer that they refer", "hg1viJEkxCY-00041-00008845-00008945": "And so on.", "hg1viJEkxCY-00042-00008945-00009192": "This is simply a one-time", "hg1viJEkxCY-00043-00009192-00009464": "One-level bonus 10% payout", "hg1viJEkxCY-00044-00009464-00009781": "That helps encourage you to", "hg1viJEkxCY-00045-00009781-00009881": "Tell your friends.", "hg1viJEkxCY-00046-00009881-00010084": "I mean, any.TV is a great idea already", "hg1viJEkxCY-00047-00010084-00010224": "I hope you agree.", "hg1viJEkxCY-00048-00010224-00010458": "But this gives you an extra incentive", "hg1viJEkxCY-00049-00010458-00010661": "So that all of the time you spend", "hg1viJEkxCY-00050-00010661-00010840": "Teaching, training, helping", "hg1viJEkxCY-00051-00010840-00011205": "Your friends and partners use any.TV", "hg1viJEkxCY-00052-00011205-00011428": "After they sign up with your Refer-A-Friend link", "hg1viJEkxCY-00053-00011428-00011729": "It is not just a pat on the back from the Network", "hg1viJEkxCY-00054-00011729-00011829": "Saying, \"Thank you\"", "hg1viJEkxCY-00055-00011829-00012052": "It is also money in your pocket!", "hg1viJEkxCY-00056-00012052-00012270": "10% of whatever they make bonus", "hg1viJEkxCY-00057-00012270-00012550": "Paid to you whenever people", "hg1viJEkxCY-00058-00012550-00012699": "Use your Refer-A-Friend link", "hg1viJEkxCY-00059-00012699-00012799": "Alright, guys!", "hg1viJEkxCY-00060-00012799-00013024": "You will find a lot more exciting", "hg1viJEkxCY-00061-00013024-00013347": "And helpful information on our website.", "hg1viJEkxCY-00062-00013347-00013812": "Just go to www.any.tv and click \"faq\".", "hg1viJEkxCY-00063-00013812-00014078": "My name is George, CEO of any.TV", "hg1viJEkxCY-00064-00014078-00014260": "And I hope you enjoy", "hg1viJEkxCY-00065-00014260-00014518": "What we are building for you.", "hg1viJEkxCY-00066-00014518-00014723": "Till next video, take care.", "hg1viJEkxCY-00067-00014723-00014879": "Zài jiàn.", "hg1viJEkxCY-00068-00014879-00015121": "And this video was made by XSplit!", "hg1viJEkxCY-00069-00015121-00015287": "Tell me what you like and don't like", "hg1viJEkxCY-00070-00015287-00015544": "About XSplit in the comments below.", "hg1viJEkxCY-00071-00015544-00015759": "And if you want to get XSplit", "hg1viJEkxCY-00072-00015759-00015954": "So you can make videos like I do", "hg1viJEkxCY-00073-00015954-00016181": "Just click the link below.", "hg1viJEkxCY-00074-00016181-00016351": "You know how that works now.", "hg1viJEkxCY-00075-00016351-00016468": "It is a \"Play Now\" link", "hg1viJEkxCY-00076-00016468-00016660": "play.any.tv", "hg1viJEkxCY-00077-00016660-00016801": "I am starting to see those links", "hg1viJEkxCY-00078-00016801-00016945": "All of the place which is", "hg1viJEkxCY-00079-00016945-00017151": "Super awesome because", "hg1viJEkxCY-00080-00017151-00017387": "That means a lot of you like", "hg1viJEkxCY-00081-00017387-00017556": "What we have built for you and", "hg1viJEkxCY-00082-00017556-00017656": "You are telling your friends.", "hg1viJEkxCY-00083-00017656-00017790": "You are using your", "hg1viJEkxCY-00084-00017790-00017931": "Refer-A-Friend links and", "hg1viJEkxCY-00085-00017931-00018081": "You are earning money.", "hg1viJEkxCY-00086-00018081-00018303": "Hope you enjoyed this video.", "hg1viJEkxCY-00087-00018303-00018568": "My name is George, CEO of any.TV", "hg1viJEkxCY-00088-00018568-00018956": "And I hope you enjoy what we built for you.", "hg1viJEkxCY-00089-00018956-00019097": "Till next time.", "hg1viJEkxCY-00090-00019097-00019197": "Zài jiàn.", "hg1viJEkxCY-00091-00019197-00019237": "www.any.tv"}}, {"audio_id": "hg4ZVf9Bviy", "text": {"hg4ZVf9Bviy-00000-00000128-00000379": "- I advise senators that Senator Sterle", "hg4ZVf9Bviy-00001-00000442-00000815": "is to be sworn in as a senator for Western Australia.", "hg4ZVf9Bviy-00002-00001810-00001984": "When you're ready, Senator Sterle.", "hg4ZVf9Bviy-00003-00002259-00002334": "Order.", "hg4ZVf9Bviy-00004-00002409-00002490": "Order.", "hg4ZVf9Bviy-00005-00002538-00002600": "Order.", "hg4ZVf9Bviy-00006-00002736-00003004": "As Senator Sterle was absent from the Senate on", "hg4ZVf9Bviy-00007-00003004-00003222": "the 26th of July 2022,", "hg4ZVf9Bviy-00008-00003251-00003528": "I will now administer the affirmation of allegiance", "hg4ZVf9Bviy-00009-00003528-00003909": "as required by section 42 of the Constitution.", "hg4ZVf9Bviy-00010-00003940-00004185": "Senator Sterle, please come to the table", "hg4ZVf9Bviy-00011-00004185-00004670": "to make and subscribe to the affirmation of allegiance", "hg4ZVf9Bviy-00012-00004670-00004727": "Clerk.", "hg4ZVf9Bviy-00013-00004821-00005129": "- Senator Sterle, please recite the affirmation on the card handed to you", "hg4ZVf9Bviy-00014-00005321-00005671": "- I, Glenn Sterle do solemnly and sincerely affirm and declare", "hg4ZVf9Bviy-00015-00005671-00005935": "that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance", "hg4ZVf9Bviy-00016-00005935-00006191": "to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II,", "hg4ZVf9Bviy-00017-00006191-00006412": "her heirs and successors according to law.", "hg4ZVf9Bviy-00018-00006551-00006803": "- Please sign the Test Roll and the Senators Roll.", "hg4ZVf9Bviy-00019-00010178-00010241": "- PRESIDENT: Thank you."}}, {"audio_id": "hg7ac1rEmNM", "text": {"hg7ac1rEmNM-00000-00000006-00000115": "Hello! Hi! Howdy!", "hg7ac1rEmNM-00001-00000117-00000183": "Jamie here!", "hg7ac1rEmNM-00002-00000191-00000241": "How are y'all doin'?", "hg7ac1rEmNM-00003-00000253-00000411": "Don't answer that, because you can't.", "hg7ac1rEmNM-00004-00000415-00000512": "This is the first vlo-", "hg7ac1rEmNM-00005-00000512-00000562": "Look out!", "hg7ac1rEmNM-00006-00000562-00000644": "No!", "hg7ac1rEmNM-00007-00000691-00000771": "Sorry!", "hg7ac1rEmNM-00008-00000779-00001023": "Mike! You're not supposed to ride your skateboard at the park!", "hg7ac1rEmNM-00009-00001180-00001446": "Well, the stand broke, so now I have to-", "hg7ac1rEmNM-00010-00001446-00001502": "Wait!"}}, {"audio_id": "hgfrN8_bd44", "text": {"hgfrN8_bd44-00000-00000252-00000473": "life is a racket and", "hgfrN8_bd44-00001-00000679-00000959": "you and I are racketeers and", "hgfrN8_bd44-00002-00001069-00001290": "if you can get beyond the horror of that", "hgfrN8_bd44-00003-00001399-00001701": "To just be with the is of it. I", "hgfrN8_bd44-00004-00001807-00002007": "say that there's power in that and", "hgfrN8_bd44-00005-00002065-00002442": "you have to see whether whether what I say turns out to be so", "hgfrN8_bd44-00006-00002698-00003452": "I'm talking about the possibility that accepting your own deep profound", "hgfrN8_bd44-00007-00003594-00003794": "inauthenticity", "hgfrN8_bd44-00008-00003828-00004217": "Accepting that your life is being used like it", "hgfrN8_bd44-00009-00004469-00005002": "I'm saying that accepting that not like the truth", "hgfrN8_bd44-00010-00005096-00005580": "Not like something you believe, but accepting it as a possibility in", "hgfrN8_bd44-00011-00005630-00006298": "Which you are willing to stand and look out at your everyday being in the world and your engagement", "hgfrN8_bd44-00012-00006317-00006769": "your everyday concerns I'm saying that the acceptance of", "hgfrN8_bd44-00013-00006827-00006956": "that", "hgfrN8_bd44-00014-00006956-00007103": "inauthenticity", "hgfrN8_bd44-00015-00007103-00007618": "will lead to a breaking up of the of the", "hgfrN8_bd44-00016-00007691-00007891": "resignation which you are", "hgfrN8_bd44-00017-00008236-00008436": "the resignation of", "hgfrN8_bd44-00018-00008468-00009066": "The environment of being into which you wake up when you wake up in the morning", "hgfrN8_bd44-00019-00009320-00009919": "The day by Day in this petty pace about which shakespeare spoke", "hgfrN8_bd44-00020-00009959-00010384": "Not like a set of circumstances because I know you've got a lot of titillating", "hgfrN8_bd44-00021-00010460-00010660": "circumstances in your life", "hgfrN8_bd44-00022-00010745-00011092": "but like a move out of which one lives I", "hgfrN8_bd44-00023-00011288-00011839": "Know how to put on the good face. I know how to look good, and I know you know how to look good", "hgfrN8_bd44-00024-00012017-00012217": "and", "hgfrN8_bd44-00025-00012275-00012627": "Television and most of what we consider to be public is event looking good", "hgfrN8_bd44-00026-00012722-00013135": "And if you look at some the possibility that your life is about looking good", "hgfrN8_bd44-00027-00013144-00013572": "You're going to see that a hell of a lot of what you're up to is about looking good", "hgfrN8_bd44-00028-00013922-00014472": "You don't mean it and sometimes you know you don't mean it", "hgfrN8_bd44-00029-00014770-00015273": "You'll even believe in the things you believe in and sometimes you know you don't believe in them", "hgfrN8_bd44-00030-00015503-00015720": "But you keep looking good about it", "hgfrN8_bd44-00031-00015922-00016170": "You're afraid to express your own doubts", "hgfrN8_bd44-00032-00016388-00016638": "for fear of not looking good and", "hgfrN8_bd44-00033-00016772-00017116": "Again why I don't profess to be telling the truth. I'm not a guy in a diner", "hgfrN8_bd44-00034-00017470-00018214": "So I'm in fighting you to look at from the possibility that you are a racketeer that your relationships that your work your job", "hgfrN8_bd44-00035-00018345-00018722": "the things in your life are really about getting these payoffs and", "hgfrN8_bd44-00036-00018783-00019280": "The best place to look is those things about what you're complaining in Life, I?", "hgfrN8_bd44-00037-00019407-00019726": "Don't like I don't want", "hgfrN8_bd44-00038-00019983-00020410": "You see you and I are willing to sacrifice the quality of our life for these payoffs", "hgfrN8_bd44-00039-00020526-00020870": "Like I said in our relationships, we're willing to sacrifice", "hgfrN8_bd44-00040-00020949-00021358": "Love I mean real the real presence of love", "hgfrN8_bd44-00041-00021453-00021567": "like", "hgfrN8_bd44-00042-00021567-00021767": "Maybe you can remember", "hgfrN8_bd44-00043-00021840-00022238": "We're willing to sacrifice that for being right to making the other person wrong", "hgfrN8_bd44-00044-00022305-00022757": "We're willing to sacrifice that to dominate the other person to manipulate them to", "hgfrN8_bd44-00045-00022794-00023347": "Get them to be the way we want them to be and to avoid any manipulation of domination from them", "hgfrN8_bd44-00046-00023502-00024208": "We're willing to sacrifice love in order to win to Avoid Loss. We're willing to sacrifice love in order to Justify ourselves", "hgfrN8_bd44-00047-00024372-00024608": "if any inkling of an opening", "hgfrN8_bd44-00048-00024801-00025099": "For generosity shows up in the relationship", "hgfrN8_bd44-00049-00025107-00025621": "We close it down very quickly in order to keep ourselves justified in the position that we're in", "hgfrN8_bd44-00050-00026118-00026807": "We're willing to give up to sacrifice our own self expression see on your tombstone", "hgfrN8_bd44-00051-00026862-00027122": "They're going to sit with you're going to put on your tombstone", "hgfrN8_bd44-00052-00027245-00027445": "when you die", "hgfrN8_bd44-00053-00027744-00028139": "Something was left, and we don't know what it was", "hgfrN8_bd44-00054-00028422-00028691": "Today, I'm going to put on your tombstone used up", "hgfrN8_bd44-00055-00028875-00029225": "Cuz you ain't going to get used up. No you're going to save it", "hgfrN8_bd44-00056-00029325-00029525": "Till Prince charming comes", "hgfrN8_bd44-00057-00029597-00029797": "Then you're going to give it", "hgfrN8_bd44-00058-00029991-00030626": "But not now not here not for this not for what you got"}}, {"audio_id": "hgNpmFxLG6Y", "text": {"hgNpmFxLG6Y-00000-00001384-00002232": "and good afternoon i'm your host rashid gums for king lottery today's date is september 7th 2021", "hgNpmFxLG6Y-00001-00002232-00002848": "we're being supervised and certified by our government officials now let's begin our ssm", "hgNpmFxLG6Y-00002-00002848-00003511": "lottery pick three if you play straight you have the chance to win seven hundred dollars and if", "hgNpmFxLG6Y-00003-00003511-00004024": "you play box you have the chance to win eighty dollars the winning number could pick three are", "hgNpmFxLG6Y-00004-00004256-00004384": "four", "hgNpmFxLG6Y-00005-00004592-00004632": "five", "hgNpmFxLG6Y-00006-00005000-00005808": "three now on to our fxm lottery pick four if you play straight you have the chance to win three", "hgNpmFxLG6Y-00007-00005808-00006136": "thousand five hundred dollars and if you play box", "hgNpmFxLG6Y-00008-00006136-00006536": "you have the chance to win two hundred dollars the winning numbers to pay for", "hgNpmFxLG6Y-00009-00006759-00006784": "six", "hgNpmFxLG6Y-00010-00007159-00007184": "six", "hgNpmFxLG6Y-00011-00008952-00009008": "before", "hgNpmFxLG6Y-00012-00009384-00010088": "bye remember to watch us live on tv carib and our social media platforms such as facebook", "hgNpmFxLG6Y-00013-00010088-00010736": "youtube and our website kinglotterysxm.com you can also watch us live in the dominican republic on", "hgNpmFxLG6Y-00014-00010736-00011432": "young and megadisions now on to our phillipsburg lottery in first place for every dollar you spend", "hgNpmFxLG6Y-00015-00011432-00011936": "you have the chance to win three thousand five hundred dollars our first set of balls are", "hgNpmFxLG6Y-00016-00012184-00013056": "seven three zero five in second place for every dollar you spend", "hgNpmFxLG6Y-00017-00013056-00013519": "you have the chance to win one thousand dollars our second set of balls are", "hgNpmFxLG6Y-00018-00013904-00014736": "zero three two three and in third place for every dollar you spend", "hgNpmFxLG6Y-00019-00014736-00015584": "you have the chance to win five hundred dollars our final set of balls are", "hgNpmFxLG6Y-00020-00015736-00016600": "four six nine on to our final game lotto pool where you have the chance to win three", "hgNpmFxLG6Y-00021-00016600-00017264": "hundred thousand dollars if you have all four winning numbers 700 for three winning numbers 20", "hgNpmFxLG6Y-00022-00017264-00017624": "for two winning numbers and if you have one winning number", "hgNpmFxLG6Y-00023-00017624-00018384": "you'll get your dollar back now we'll have the four winning numbers", "hgNpmFxLG6Y-00024-00020488-00021656": "87 45 53 and 44. once again that's 87 45 53 and 44. now we'll have a recap", "hgNpmFxLG6Y-00025-00021656-00022568": "of all today's winning numbers kimila 53 66 45 pick three four five three pick four", "hgNpmFxLG6Y-00026-00022568-00023328": "six six four five phillipsburg lottery first place seven three zero five second place zero three two", "hgNpmFxLG6Y-00027-00023328-00024272": "three and third place nine four six nine our final game lotto pool 87 45 53 and 44.", "hgNpmFxLG6Y-00028-00024568-00024904": "congratulations to all our winners don't forget to", "hgNpmFxLG6Y-00029-00024904-00026216": "tune in with us at 7 30 on tv caribbe thank you and have a great afternoon"}}, {"audio_id": "hgYjvgjJsaQ", "text": {"hgYjvgjJsaQ-00000-00000622-00001274": "Combined weight over 1000 lbs, Amy 31 and Tammy 32, documents their weight loss journey", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00001-00001274-00001868": "in the TLC hit show “1000 lb sisters” Both girls looking to transition their way", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00002-00001868-00002416": "through obese to a normal weight, Amy clocked in 406 pounds, Tammy,605 pounds.", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00003-00002416-00003090": "However, at the end of season 1 viewers were left to feel sorry for Tammy who manages to", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00004-00003090-00003535": "lose only 18 lbs and did not qualify for weight loss surgery.", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00005-00003535-00004070": "Meanwhile kudos to Amy who was accepted after losing 31 pounds.", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00006-00004070-00004612": "Nevertheless, the siblings dropped impressive weight and good doctor vows to help Tammy.", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00007-00004612-00005098": "Follow with us as we reveal untold truth about 1000 lb sisters.", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00008-00005098-00005407": "The sisters were famous before TLC show.", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00009-00005407-00005970": "A year apart Amy and Tammy Slaton are more than their weight loss journey.", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00010-00005970-00006199": "Both were already famous Youtuber.", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00011-00006199-00006779": "Since starting their youtube channel in 2011, they share contents of makeup, weight loss,", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00012-00006779-00007065": "food diets, and their personal experience.", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00013-00007065-00007827": "Amy Boost her popularity with 167K Youtube subscribers and Tammy is currently on 56 k", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00014-00007827-00007927": "subscribers.", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00015-00007927-00008310": "Not a bad career stepping up from Youtube to reality TV fame.", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00016-00008310-00008689": "Amy and Tammy siblings both have a dark past.", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00017-00008689-00009314": "In 2010 Amy was arrested for stealing a book from Walmart that cost eight dollars.", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00018-00009315-00009828": "During the time she had no job, other than that her personal life had hit rock bottom", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00019-00009828-00010017": "due to the passing of her grandfather.", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00020-00010017-00010631": "The misconduct put her in Jail Cell for two hours, and her mom Darlene Slaton bailed her", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00021-00010631-00010731": "out.", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00022-00010731-00011115": "A month later she settled with a 400 dollar fine in the court.", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00023-00011115-00011712": "As for Tammy, she has a more concerning past, at one point she tried to take her own life.", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00024-00011712-00012304": "Tammy was overweight around 600 lbs and struggled with several medical conditions.", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00025-00012304-00012765": "She needed the support of a walker and barely got out of the house in six years besides", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00026-00012765-00012978": "a few doctor appointments.", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00027-00012978-00013438": "More than so Amy was there to support her and help her in times of need.", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00028-00013438-00013838": "Amy Slaton married the love of her life, Tammy dating a boyfriend", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00029-00013838-00014405": "Amy now proudly calls herself Amy Halterman the surname she inherits from her husband", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00030-00014405-00014536": "Mike Halterman.", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00031-00014536-00014805": "Amy and her husband met during high school.", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00032-00014805-00015402": "The in-love couple tied the knot last year March 15 after dating for years.", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00033-00015402-00015712": "They had a beautiful wedding ceremony in Nashville.", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00034-00015712-00016116": "So, the pair do not have children but Amy wants to have some.", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00035-00016116-00016492": "It is one of the main reasons she began a weight loss journey.", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00036-00016492-00017017": "Meanwhile, elder sister Tammy is not married but her personal life seems to be going well.", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00037-00017017-00017648": "She is in a relationship and to tell the world, she recently changed her status from single", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00038-00017648-00017758": "to the relationship.", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00039-00017758-00018112": "When asked out by male on Facebook Tammy kindly replied:", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00040-00018112-00018444": "“Thank you, but I’ve got a boyfriend already.”", "hgYjvgjJsaQ-00041-00018444-00019048": "The identity of her man is not known for now."}}, {"audio_id": "hh7wIL1DwZk", "text": {"hh7wIL1DwZk-00003-00002718-00002968": "Fred: It must be well steadily this camera, vizi haha", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00004-00003144-00003342": "Vizi: Hey Nat, how is your expectations about the tournament?", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00005-00003422-00004042": "Nat:  The best! I’m feeling well and happy! Our squad is complete, let’s go to the top!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00006-00004106-00004288": "Vizi: And  you Ale, you're our coach..", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00007-00004336-00004536": "Ale: No! I’m assistant, just said that you are the coach!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00008-00004568-00004618": "Vizi: No you are the coach", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00009-00004676-00004952": "Ale: It doesn't matter who is the coach Vizi, what matters is that we are a pair who will lead the team", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00010-00004958-00005230": "To be honest we are just going to support them. They will make their way on the pitch!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00011-00005254-00005444": "Vizi: Falcão, Fred, Juninho...", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00012-00005466-00005604": "Ale: I'm confident! We are going to win!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00013-00005638-00006088": "Lucaneta: This guys are nuts! they gave me the jersey number 22. I think they haven’t see me playing yet.. haha", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00014-00006088-00006170": "I'm just kidding haha", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00015-00006214-00006406": "Juninho: I don’t wanna be flatterer and I know its his channel", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00016-00006408-00006878": "but we have Falcão on our team, there is no better expectation than that!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00017-00007081-00007323": "Vizi: Score a goal with his pass or assist him in one goal...", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00018-00007334-00007568": "Juninho: Wow! This must happen, I mean it will happen, it will happen..", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00019-00007658-00007802": "Vizi: How was your reaction..", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00020-00007802-00007948": "Fred: Which reaction?", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00021-00007948-00008272": "Vizi: When you saw that the Jersey number 12 was made for Falcão and not for you..", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00022-00008272-00008532": "Fred: Man..  they gave the number 12 to “Alessandro”", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00023-00008538-00008928": "I mean they didn’t respect my history on Football, they didn’t respect my history on internet.", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00024-00008934-00009198": "and they said “hum, number 12 its Alessandro numbers”", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00025-00009198-00009278": "I mean, its ok", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00026-00009278-00009542": "then I said I want the number 21 which is the 12 inverted", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00027-00009572-00009770": "then they said “nope, you are going to wear the number 20”", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00028-00009778-00009992": "then I said: Dann bro, 20 doesn’t fit me at all!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00029-00009992-00010294": "then they said “ No bro its Fifa 20. That’s why you´re going to carry this number", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00030-00010308-00010556": "can that be a lie? sure thing.", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00031-00010556-00010742": "Did I believe? sure thing", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00032-00010742-00010908": "so today I’ll wear the 20 and carry this responsibility.", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00033-00010908-00011044": "but look. I have a protest to make!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00034-00011052-00011238": "Look that twins over there..", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00035-00011248-00011434": "both of them are wearing jerseys with the same name and the same number", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00036-00011434-00011698": "so we could have two people wearing number 12, 10..", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00037-00011706-00011896": "Lucaneta wanted to wear number 10 for example", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00038-00011896-00012014": "Lucaneta: well, they misleaded me too", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00039-00012018-00012180": "They said the reason for number 22 its already because of Fifa 22", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00040-00012216-00012452": "Fred: No, it’s because Kaka will deliver the trophy, did you get it?", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00041-00012472-00012636": "that’s another reason for you to be number 22 haha", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00042-00012668-00012866": "Lucaneta: Now, I believe!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00043-00012884-00013176": "Fred: Where is your god now? haha", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00044-00014791-00014936": "Falcão: One more event", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00045-00014936-00015104": "we are becoming international!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00046-00015106-00015282": "we are in the “gringos” area", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00047-00015300-00015440": "Vizi: we are team Rio de Janeiro", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00048-00015460-00015640": "Falcão: team Rio representing our country", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00049-00015647-00015796": "we are going to rock!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00050-00015878-00016010": "we are going to rock!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00051-00016046-00016263": "Vizi: The guys are pretty exciting to play with you", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00052-00016318-00016488": "Fred, Lucaneta, Juninho…", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00053-00016498-00016728": "Hmm, these guys are my dudes!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00054-00016750-00016926": "They will help me a lot", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00055-00016930-00017030": "because my knees..", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00056-00017078-00017278": "its screaming in pain", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00057-00018324-00018424": "Vizi: Hey Juninho,  The \"Man\" has arrived", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00058-00018472-00018606": "Juninho: He finally arrived!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00059-00018622-00018866": "He will carry our team over his back. Play \"alone\" because we are too tired", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00060-00018866-00019066": "Vizi: Hey guys! have you guys decided the lineup squad?", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00061-00019084-00019302": "who is going to be the keeper. Who's not..", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00062-00019304-00019506": "Lucaneta: Since Falcão arrived late, I think he has to be the keeper", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00063-00019514-00019666": "Falcão: I arrived late so they wanna make me the keeper", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00064-00019668-00019794": "Lucaneta: you arrived late you are the keeper..", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00065-00019798-00019942": "Falcão: But I save some amazing balls as a keeper", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00066-00019942-00020068": "Fred: 12 is a goalie number.. So you are going to be the keeper", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00067-00020074-00020174": "Falcão:  Ah, you have the number 20", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00068-00020210-00020298": "Falcão: Who has the number 10?", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00069-00020304-00020404": "ah, she does..", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00070-00020786-00020998": "Falcão: 42 years old.I have to take care of myself", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00071-00021000-00021192": "otherwise I would be screwed", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00072-00021194-00021364": "Vizi: You are playing with lots of young boys", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00073-00021378-00021562": "Falcão: I'm 42 years old  and all these young boys running after me.", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00074-00021570-00021674": "I have to take care of myself", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00075-00021674-00021900": "see if any of these boys do what I'm doing?  Nobody does", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00076-00021974-00022178": "I gotta tell you the thruth,  Its an oldman preparation..", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00077-00022248-00022560": "Falcão: see if juninho does such thing?  He doesn't", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00078-00022560-00022640": "Vizi: Do you do that Juninho?", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00079-00022650-00022784": "Juninho:  Nope, my time for this kind of preparation hasn't arrived yet..", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00080-00022824-00023026": "Vizi: with Lucaneta you are used to play, right?", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00081-00023144-00023244": "Falcão: With Lu yes! We usually play together", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00082-00023244-00023550": "with Nat I already played once", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00083-00023786-00024016": "I think I never played with fred neither with Juninho", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00084-00024184-00024298": "Vizi: today is the day then?", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00085-00024316-00024416": "Yes it is. Play and win!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00086-00024550-00024764": "Ale Xavier: Excuse me people but ma' player need to focused", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00087-00024764-00024854": "Falcão: Thanks, thanks a lot haha", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00088-00024868-00024972": "Ale Xavier: Later on he will talk!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00089-00025024-00025124": "Falcão: Thanks my coach!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00090-00025252-00025486": "Vizi: Do you believe that the team has a chance to win today?", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00091-00025554-00025792": "Ale Xavier: I'm pretty confident, pretty confident!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00092-00025932-00026230": "our team doesn't a proper goalie and we didn't know that we would need to have a keeper", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00093-00026244-00026602": "but nobody knew. So most of the teams does not have a goalie", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00094-00026612-00026822": "some of them can play as a keeper, but they are not playing in their position", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00095-00026833-00026960": "at least we are all in the same situation", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00096-00026980-00027156": "Vizi: So is that a fair competition, right?", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00097-00027177-00027277": "Ale Xavier: Yes! it is fair!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00098-00027356-00027582": "Vizi: Falcão, what are the rules for goalie?", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00099-00027598-00027866": "Falcão: Who pass by the area can become the keeper. There is not a fixed keeper", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00100-00028056-00028216": "that team over there has changed 8 times already", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00101-00028798-00028964": "Ale Xavier: What a man!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00102-00028983-00029182": "look at this serious face", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00103-00029488-00029612": "Vizi: Is there goal of Juninho today?", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00104-00029658-00029758": "Juninho: Yes, I will score", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00105-00030042-00030242": "Nat: Let's go!  I'm pretty excited!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00106-00030294-00030470": "We are studying our tatics with Falcão", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00107-00030470-00030695": "He is giving us some good tips", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00108-00030716-00030945": "and we are 100% focused in order to win today!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00109-00030976-00031142": "Vizi: Which kind of tips did he gave to you?", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00110-00031172-00031526": "Nat: for me to pay close attention to the girl. In order to have a more equal game", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00111-00031572-00032080": "and also he said to get close to him  in order to create more chances to score a  goal!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00112-00032094-00032289": "Because it’s a really quick game, only 5 minutes", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00113-00032308-00032796": "And we are going to use all tactics in order to win! let's see..", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00115-00033058-00033360": "Falcão: If you see that the player is left alone. You don't wait for him otherwise you lose time", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00116-00033366-00033690": "move forward and somebody will take your place as a keeper", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00117-00033858-00033984": "did you see that Nat?", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00118-00033984-00034184": "everyone who gets in the area can become a goalie", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00119-00034184-00034574": "so if Fred is a keeper and leave the area and you get in there, you can become a keeper", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00124-00037516-00037782": "Falcão: We won  the first game against Madrid squad representing Spain", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00125-00037822-00038064": "We won I believe 3x1, 4x1", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00126-00038078-00038214": "My knees are not collaborating", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00127-00038232-00038410": "for this reason, I couldn't play the whole game", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00128-00038434-00038658": "I know in the finals everyone from the team has to play", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00129-00038676-00039154": "So I will try to be present and also not to interfere", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00130-00039154-00039404": "but play I don't think I can", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00131-00039404-00039576": "but our team will carry the responsability. I know that for sure!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00132-00039606-00039730": "Camera: Could you feel how will be the tournament?", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00133-00039748-00039994": "how does it feel for you to play in a different pitch?", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00134-00040046-00040254": "Fred: Man, sort of", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00135-00040254-00040688": "Its hard man, because there is no throw in, corner kick or goal kick", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00136-00040688-00040930": "even the ceiling is part of the game", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00137-00040938-00041362": "We’ve got to reeducated our minds in order to play this game!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00138-00041402-00041712": "For instance, someone backed-pass a ball for me and then I thought", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00139-00041720-00041876": "“ What am I suppose to do with this ball now”", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00140-00041884-00042120": "so I kick the ball forward but it almost came back to my goal…", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00141-00042130-00042492": "You have to think in much more things playing this game than a regular football match", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00142-00042612-00042758": "Falcão: Guys, it will begin the second game", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00143-00042766-00043068": "I'm holding up for the finals which I have to play", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00144-00043086-00043374": "I’m still feeling my knees hurt", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00145-00043438-00043668": "In this phase of the tournament is still able to play with 4 players. 3 on front line and 1 goalie", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00146-00043728-00043928": "And now will start the second game and if we win we will get closer to be classified", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00147-00043928-00044166": "Its 2 groups with 5 squads each but I believe in our team", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00148-00044202-00044402": "The match will start.. Let’s go!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00153-00048698-00048850": "Falcão: One more game of Brazil and Brazil is playing well!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00154-00048898-00049132": "I told them the important thing is…", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00155-00049132-00049454": "they will be facing lots of freestylers and they have their way to play..", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00156-00049454-00049586": "but at the end of the day what matters is who won the game", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00157-00049752-00049872": "Our team understood the spirit of the game", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00158-00049894-00050146": "they are playing serious, scoring goals and not giving a chance to the opponent", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00159-00050154-00050318": "Two games, two victories,", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00160-00050318-00050664": "I believe one more victory we will be classified among the two first positions in the group", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00161-00050666-00050940": "in consequence we will fight for the first place", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00162-00050950-00051174": "and then playing semifinal and the final game", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00163-00051190-00051566": "I wil try at least to be present on the pitch to help my fellows. They are going to need me!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00164-00051570-00051798": "but until this point we are all good!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00165-00052312-00052576": "Falcão: The hardest opponent of the qualified stage brazil is facing right now", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00166-00052576-00052704": "We are ahead on the score !", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00167-00053386-00053729": "Falcão: I told them about the  skilltwins. They are well known about how they play.", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00168-00053746-00054091": "they are always looking for space in order to apply their game", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00169-00054172-00054296": "I told my  team to no give the skilltwins space, look what happens..", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00170-00054302-00054405": "we took to balls and scored two goals", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00171-00055304-00055422": "Falcão: this game is on fire!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00172-00055432-00055602": "It borned a rivalry between Brazil and Sweden", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00173-00055604-00055955": "But like I said. These players are used to play like freely", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00174-00055974-00056355": "and they will gain a disproportional amount of respect", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00175-00056355-00056454": "its  exactly what they want", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00176-00056491-00056717": "and when you don’t let them play as freely as they want it happens what happened in the game..", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00177-00056778-00057010": "I really thought that the games would be more equal", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00178-00057022-00057296": "we won and won showing that we came here in order to win this tournament", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00179-00057354-00057510": "and that can frighten our opponents", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00180-00057555-00057810": "Juninho: Guys it was very difficult this game..", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00181-00057824-00058096": "It seems that it was easy because the difference in the score", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00182-00058138-00058352": "If we had not played like we played", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00183-00058364-00058426": "it wouldn’t be easy", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00184-00058438-00058520": "they would win! They were good players", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00185-00058590-00058936": "Falcão: fourth game vizi! Now we are ensuring the first position and the qualification", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00186-00058994-00059194": "looking forward to the semifinal", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00187-00059210-00059454": "look, I have fred's cellphone and I will do a live of this game here!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00191-00061091-00061554": "Falcão: well guys, my knees is still hurting but for the semifinal game and the final, the teams need five players", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00192-00061578-00061798": "so I played as a goalkeeper.", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00193-00061814-00061986": "I tried not to compromise things during the game", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00194-00062002-00062160": "and our team is brave, they are giving 100% on the pitch!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00195-00062160-00062508": "Juninho, Lucaneta, Natalia and Fred, they are all honoring our team", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00196-00062508-00062704": "I’m trying my best to help them!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00197-00062724-00062928": "Falcão: From the beggining of the tournament I’ve been saying that the ducth players are good", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00198-00062938-00063024": "I know them", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00199-00063086-00063326": "I said that the final would us against them and it happened", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00200-00063350-00063664": "Brasil and Netherlands, they have players who also play futsal", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00201-00063732-00063900": "I’ve faced some of them on futsal", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00202-00063900-00064000": "It will be an amazing game!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00203-00064000-00064279": "I’ll be goalie in the game so all the responsibilitie will be with Juninho, Fred, Lucaneta e Nat", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00204-00064279-00064488": "but no matter how we want to win this tournament and we are going to win!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00213-00068834-00069024": "Fred: We won Vizi, Dann!!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00214-00069108-00069324": "Nat: Let's go!! We won Brazil!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00215-00069490-00069560": "Ale: Let's go!!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00216-00069714-00069862": "Lucaneta: Don't screan baby! One more tittle!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00217-00069870-00070036": "Lucaneta doesn't lose anything this year", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00218-00070880-00071416": "Falcão: Well guys, like I told you before, I could help my team on the final and semifinal", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00219-00071490-00071690": "the tatics  we choose for those who plays futsal was", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00220-00071700-00072202": "when Nerthlands tied the game I got back to the pitch to make advantage over our opponent,", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00221-00072202-00072286": "and It worked really well!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00222-00072286-00072486": "We scored 3 more goals", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00223-00072576-00072802": "and it was a great feeling win a championship again after I stopped playing as a professional futsal player", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00224-00072804-00072926": "and also have this feeling of competition again!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00225-00072934-00073316": "I miss the feeling of competition I miss playing a game that worth a thropy!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00226-00073328-00073986": "we played well! I’d like to thank Nat, Fred, Juninho, Ale Xavier and Lucaneta! They represent very well!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00227-00074002-00074238": "We are the champions Brazil!!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00228-00074278-00074404": "Thanks for being together in one more video", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00229-00074434-00074742": "Come here, come here! Let's finish the video in my channel", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00230-00074968-00075162": "This team represented a lot, like said!", "hh7wIL1DwZk-00231-00075162-00075362": "so I’d like to finish the video with them.."}}, {"audio_id": "hhtk_jVauj4", "text": {"hhtk_jVauj4-00000-00065224-00065424": "English"}}, {"audio_id": "hhyuupQiK1k", "text": {"hhyuupQiK1k-00000-00000006-00000380": "I play for the 2019 All-Marine basketball team.", "hhyuupQiK1k-00001-00000380-00000532": "I made the All-Tournament team.", "hhyuupQiK1k-00002-00000824-00001214": "And after that I was selected for  the World Games All-USA team.", "hhyuupQiK1k-00003-00001214-00001662": "I want to learn more, and be able to  elevate my game to a higher level,", "hhyuupQiK1k-00004-00001662-00001882": "so hopefully I represent the Marine Corps well.", "hhyuupQiK1k-00005-00001882-00002150": "I hope that I can bring back a  gold medal to Camp Pendleton.", "hhyuupQiK1k-00006-00002220-00002728": "I swam in college, and then, so before I  joined the Marine Corps I was a swimmer.", "hhyuupQiK1k-00007-00002728-00002994": "I've been swimming for the better part of my life.", "hhyuupQiK1k-00008-00002994-00003204": "I swim sprint freestyle and butterfly.", "hhyuupQiK1k-00009-00003204-00003596": "The Military World Games is the first  time  I've competed for swimming since college.", "hhyuupQiK1k-00010-00003596-00004061": "I'm just excited to represent my  country and the Marine Corps.", "hhyuupQiK1k-00011-00004061-00004356": "I'm excited for the opportunity."}}, {"audio_id": "hhTRLCmQ6lu", "text": {"hhTRLCmQ6lu-00000-00000000-00000750": "Identifying the concepts in your research topic and coming up with keywords for searching are both underappreciated skills. Done well, this will", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00001-00000750-00001500": "save you a ton of time and result in finding much higher quality information. Some of this is going to seem so basic. I know that, but I'm trying to", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00002-00001500-00002250": "get you to think about searching and a whole new way and that means starting at the very beginning", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00003-00002250-00003093": "In this case the very beginning (after you have a research question or topic, of course) is thinking about the main concepts that make up your", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00004-00003093-00003939": "search. There's a nice balance here you don't want too few and you don't want too many. 2 to 3 is just right. So let's say I identified this as my", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00005-00003940-00004506": "research question- how many concepts are included here?", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00006-00004506-00005389": "I identified these three: women, anxiety disorders, and yoga. This is much more of an art than a science. You could've looked at this and", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00007-00005390-00006276": "identified different concepts and that's OK. In your search you are trying to pull out the concepts that are most important to you or the", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00008-00006276-00007163": "things that you want to learn the most about. This is something that you will get better at as you move along. Downward facing cat anyone?", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00009-00007163-00008039": "The idea of keywords shouldn't be new at all. This is how you search already. The basic idea is that you're searching on the main concepts of", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00010-00008040-00008916": "your topic in your own words. Using my example, I'm much more likely use the term and anxiety instead of the clinical phrase because", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00011-00008916-00009499": "that's what I'm more familiar with. This is always where I start a search- is with words are coming out of my own", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00012-00009500-00010086": "mind. It's also what I use if the term covers a new topic or a sort of", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00013-00010086-00010316": "jargon, like 'kangaroo care'", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00014-00010316-00010766": "We'll get back to subject headings later. The real flaw of using keywords is that they can be", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00015-00010766-00011219": "imprecise so you can end up finding way too much stuff", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00016-00011220-00012386": "Now, before we get much further into the search process, it's always a good idea to do a test run using your initial concepts. Try to remember that", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00017-00012386-00013289": "this is just the start of your search. I've been a librarian for almost 15 years and my initial searches tend not to end up with what I'm", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00018-00013290-00013733": "exactly looking for. Frustrating results are the norm at this point and you are welcome to freak out- well at least for a few minutes", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00019-00013733-00014413": "I'm going to show you two options for running a test search. We're not using Google this time. We're going to be cool and use the library", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00020-00014413-00014869": "The first option is using this main search box here called OneSearch", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00021-00014869-00015783": "This is like Google but for the library's databases and resources. Keep in mind that we have a lot so your search is going to bring up a", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00022-00015783-00016393": "lot, only some of which will be relevant. The other option is to use these research guides. Just select a guide", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00023-00016393-00016656": "that is relevant either to your topic", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00024-00016656-00017163": "or to your major. And once you get into the guided they will list the best databases, books, and so", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00025-00017163-00017669": "on that you should be using for your research. I'm just gonna focus on OneSearch", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00026-00017670-00018213": "and do a test search on my topic using just the key concepts I came up with. Again remember", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00027-00018213-00018759": "that this is just a test search you are going to find a lot of information unless your topic is really really specific", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00028-00018760-00019616": "What we're doing here is just going through the first page or two just to get an idea of the kind of articles", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00029-00019616-00020476": "and the kind of research that's coming up based on our initial search. If you find some good stuff that is awesome! If not,", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00030-00020476-00021313": "think about ways see you might alter or modify your search. In this case, I'm finding that women in general might be too broad of a search. I", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00031-00021313-00022149": "might need to focus on a specific population such as women with cance,r or women suffering from PTSD, or pregnant women. You can also", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00032-00022150-00022990": "decide to take your search in a totally different direction if you're intrigued by some aspect of the topic you hadn't yet considered. Remember", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00033-00022990-00023550": "the research is a circular process and not a straight line!", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00034-00023550-00023960": "The bad thing is that this initial search is where most students and even some more", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00035-00023960-00024373": "experienced researchers stop. We, on the other hand, are just getting started!", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00036-00024406-00024439": "exactly looking for. Frustrating results are the norm at this point and you are welcome to freak out- well at least for a few minutes", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00037-00024440-00025276": "Now, it's not OK to use just a few keywords. This really limits what we can find. We need to take a moment to brainstorm as many alternate", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00038-00025276-00025836": "terms as we can. Let's use another search related to cyberbullying in adolescence. First we", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00039-00025836-00026396": "identify our concepts. So in this one we have: cyberbullying,", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00040-00026396-00027236": "middle school students, possible strategies, and suicide attempts. It's making me a little anxious because it's four and I don't really like more than", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00041-00027236-00027739": "three. But, we're going to go with it. Now I have my concepts is time to identify additional terms", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00042-00027739-00028233": "So these are some of the additional terms that I came up with", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00043-00028233-00028909": "just thinking of top my head. This is really only limited by your imagination and the amount of time you want to spend on this activity. Now if", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00044-00028910-00029473": "you do a test search and this point and only find a few articles", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00045-00029473-00030093": "feel free to drop a concept. Maybe the one that you identified as being the least essential in this", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00046-00030093-00030713": "case perhaps drop suicide attempts, then try your search with only the three concepts vs. four.", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00047-00030713-00031526": "And, how you do your brainstorming is totally up to you. Feel free to type our a list or you can kick it old school like I do and actually write it", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00048-00031526-00032069": "out on paper. My a strategy is to first identify the concepts", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00049-00032070-00032666": "In this case, there are three. Then I actually write down all the other terms I can think of.", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00050-00032666-00033393": "Then, finely I start searching while continuing to add additional terms to this list. The whole purpose of coming up with alternate terms to", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00051-00033393-00034123": "have as many searching options as possible. If you get stuck with one combination try something else", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00052-00034123-00034446": "This will open up a whole new world of possibilities", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00053-00034446-00035286": "I see it like these flip books were you can create all these crazy options. Some will work and some are going to look like a stego-cera-saurus!", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00054-00035286-00035976": "To sum up- Concepts; these are the main ideas of your search. You don't want too many and you don't want too few.", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00055-00035976-00036489": "Keywords- these are the words that you are coming up with to describe your concept", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00056-00036490-00037200": "You do want to do a test run and you want to do it early on before you get entrenched in your search, for it will be even more frustrating if you", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00057-00037200-00037910": "get stuck. And the more you brainstorm and the more terms you come up with the more options you will have.", "hhTRLCmQ6lu-00058-00037910-00038290": "And the more you know the easier the search process is going to be!"}}, {"audio_id": "hhWsuCfIbRo", "text": {"hhWsuCfIbRo-00000-00000069-00000287": "Mark DePristo: Way of addressing some of the concerns and", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00001-00000287-00000946": "opportunities that we have across the NIH datasets and international datasets as well,", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00002-00000946-00001275": "and that’s really talking about the central server model.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00003-00001275-00001670": "Really, multiple central servers is probably a more appropriate way of saying that.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00004-00001670-00002393": "To begin, I just wanted to talk through, you know, what are we trying to accomplish?", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00005-00002393-00002858": "And I think because, you know, David talked through this, so I’ve sort of just stolen", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00006-00002858-00003264": "some of David’s slides, although he added a bullet point on his newest version of slides.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00007-00003264-00003723": "So this is two of three, but I think the summary in the box is really the key piece.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00008-00003723-00004259": "I mean, we want to make it possible for researchers to find very broadly not just geneticists", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00009-00004259-00004960": "but biologists, clinicians, statisticians to answer scientific questions about the relationships", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00010-00004960-00005669": "between DNA variation, inherited or potentially somatic, in the cancer case, and in human", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00011-00005669-00005808": "phenotypes.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00012-00005808-00006462": "And I -- there’re a variety of things that we’re going to need to be able to overcome", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00013-00006462-00006703": "that stop us from really achieving this today.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00014-00006703-00007084": "I mean one question, you know, obviously, why doesn’t it just work?", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00015-00007084-00007416": "And I think there a couple of fundamental barriers.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00016-00007416-00007898": "So, one key barrier is that the disease data’s been largely siloed.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00017-00007898-00008549": "It’s been analyzed, you know, single samples or single sets of samples for a single disease", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00018-00008549-00009187": "and there are -- have not traditionally been any routes to access that data.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00019-00009187-00009714": "There are very complicated technical confounders that we need to deal with across the data.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00020-00009714-00010343": "So it’s not as simple as simply me sharing my pValues or statistics at sites without", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00021-00010343-00010809": "having an enormous amount of quality control going on; and that, if you want to really", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00022-00010809-00011263": "have a distributed model, you have a huge educational burden or certainly analytic challenge", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00023-00011263-00011740": "of distributing methods that would do that, and that’s something that has been technically", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00024-00011740-00011975": "limiting our ability to join datasets.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00025-00011975-00012707": "There’s also been, I think, historically a lack of a sort of rigorous analytic methods", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00026-00012707-00013275": "that are instantiated and reliable, easy to use, scalable software, and that’s turned", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00027-00013275-00013375": "to two things.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00028-00013375-00013676": "I mean, it’s been traditionally difficult for methods development individuals and analysts", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00029-00013676-00013779": "to access data.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00030-00013779-00014180": "So, you know, people who develop a very sophisticated method can’t just get the data to run and", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00031-00014180-00014306": "give you the results.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00032-00014306-00014688": "Alternatively, many of the data holders find it very difficult to actually get the methods", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00033-00014688-00014788": "and run them.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00034-00014788-00015241": "So this is sort of horribly disempowering from both perspectives.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00035-00015241-00015635": "And then, in general, you know, when you get the methods and you have this and try to run", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00036-00015635-00016210": "it at scale, you have enormous scaling problems that should not be minimized.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00037-00016210-00016638": "But I think one thing that’s useful is just to say that, you know, today these barriers", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00038-00016638-00017020": "are sort of largely gone, and I think that to some degree that’s why we’re discussing", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00039-00017020-00017474": "this is because we actually have an opportunity to have a unified approach.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00040-00017474-00018027": "To have a sort of a systematic way of looking at all the data together where we think those", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00041-00018027-00018430": "barriers are no longer limiting, and there are a variety of reasons for this.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00042-00018430-00018675": "One is that, you know, next gen sequencing is very different data type.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00043-00018675-00019056": "So it’s very different than traditionally candidate gene studies or even genome wide", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00044-00019056-00019168": "association studies.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00045-00019168-00019390": "It’s a very intrinsically rich data type.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00046-00019390-00019998": "It sort of -- it describes not, you know, intensity data in some probe that may or may", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00047-00019998-00020124": "not be well described.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00048-00020124-00020587": "It’s an actual read that you can align through the reference genome yourself.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00049-00020587-00021154": "You can analyze it statistically because there are many reads per site you can learn a lot", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00050-00021154-00021395": "about the data from the data itself.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00051-00021395-00021859": "So that’s a very important thing that’s not, you know, transparent in genotype data", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00052-00021859-00021987": "as traditionally collected.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00053-00021987-00022420": "And also, obviously, that we have enormous amounts of it, you know, because sequencing", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00054-00022420-00022968": "is so cheap we have 50,000 or 100,000 samples today which we didn’t have, you know, five", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00055-00022968-00023068": "years ago.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00056-00023068-00023396": "So, again, you know, you, merging the data five years ago would not have yielded such", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00057-00023396-00023862": "a, you know, a huge bounty of presumed scientific results.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00058-00023862-00024218": "But today we sit in a situation where if we could just get it together and analyze it", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00059-00024218-00024756": "together, we all agree that we should learn a lot more than we’re learning individually.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00060-00024756-00025114": "Part of the data access problem, I know people are complaining about the data access challenges,", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00061-00025114-00025294": "but dbGaP has largely solvent.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00062-00025294-00025851": "There’s a single place that has most of the data for most of the funded data, at least", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00063-00025851-00026138": "through the NIH, and there are similar places internationally.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00064-00026138-00026333": "So, it could be worse.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00065-00026333-00026850": "It could be sitting on individual hard drives from individual researchers with absolutely", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00066-00026850-00026992": "no ability to get the data.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00067-00026992-00027508": "At least now we have a, you know, maybe complicated, maybe arduous, but we do have a mechanism", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00068-00027508-00028108": "to go to single source and download the data, once we get approval.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00069-00028108-00028257": "So we have this opportunity.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00070-00028257-00028666": "You could imagine getting the data for all of the samples that were sequenced at the", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00071-00028666-00029344": "-- through the NIH, and we have a newer generation of analytic tools; and these are, I would", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00072-00029344-00029761": "say, significantly more powerful, more general than previous generations.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00073-00029761-00030254": "I mean, it’s clear today that we can integrate and harmonize data across multiple sequencing", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00074-00030254-00030502": "platforms, multiple different sites.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00075-00030502-00031131": "So the 1,000 Genomes, for instance, has three years of sequencing data, many different platforms,", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00076-00031131-00031283": "many different centers.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00077-00031283-00031577": "You know, six, seven centers, depending on how you count it.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00078-00031577-00032035": "Three or four different sequencing technologies, each of which has four or five revisions within", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00079-00032035-00032547": "the time period that we sequence; and yet, that project can deliver an enormously consistent", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00080-00032547-00032714": "dataset across thousands of samples.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00081-00032714-00033034": "So we know this is possible.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00082-00033034-00033388": "And then, finally, you know, in order to deal with the fact that we had this big data problem,", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00083-00033388-00033725": "we have tools now that actually run in a relatively automated fashion.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00084-00033725-00034197": "So, in principle, if I had the data, I could run my tools at scale to deal with hundreds", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00085-00034197-00034297": "of thousands of samples.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00086-00034297-00034858": "So, again, if we could just bring it all together, it would be possible to harmonize to create", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00087-00034858-00035451": "a single, universal dataset across all the samples and then we could presumably analyze", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00088-00035451-00035898": "this in some way if we understood the relationships of the constraints on the data use of that", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00089-00035898-00036119": "harmonized data.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00090-00036119-00036554": "So obviously, you know, I’m trying to, you know, sell an idea to people and I think,", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00091-00036554-00036819": "you know, I’m going to describe how it might be implemented.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00092-00036819-00037252": "How -- what value it brings and, of course, it’s not the only solution to the problem.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00093-00037252-00037649": "It’s an aspect but I think it’s one that’s -- I’m trying to be as concrete as possible", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00094-00037649-00037953": "because I really think that today we could build such a thing.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00095-00037953-00038316": "I mean, it’s possible to do what I’m describing.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00096-00038316-00038769": "So, what do we -- what does the central analysis server really provide?", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00097-00038769-00039470": "It provides a single aggregation of all of the data in one place, which is -- and the", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00098-00039470-00039860": "data buying that is genetic data and some phenotype data.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00099-00039860-00040331": "Not identifiable data, but data that would be useful for disease studies.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00100-00040331-00040885": "It needs to provide a state-of-the-art computational environment and analysis tools of equivalent,", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00101-00040885-00041381": "if not best in class product for every part of the pipeline, so that this is the place", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00102-00041381-00041583": "to go to analyze your data.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00103-00041583-00041702": "That would be the idea.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00104-00041702-00042150": "That it would be impossible to do better than it, because it would be the best across an", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00105-00042150-00042303": "open environment.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00106-00042303-00043010": "Just do the best thing, and it could manage security data use policies individual access", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00107-00043010-00043507": "so that you knew, for certain, that the data was used in a way that was consistent with", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00108-00043507-00043797": "its consent when it was collected.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00109-00043797-00044049": "I mean, we don’t have to have an honor system.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00110-00044049-00044472": "We can actually enforce that and I think it is technically possible to build such a system.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00111-00044472-00044952": "I mean, it’s complicated, don’t get me wrong, but it is technically possible.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00112-00044952-00045237": "So, how would you actually do this?", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00113-00045237-00045416": "So we have a very simple model.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00114-00045416-00045760": "I mean, you basically want to say you have many different data sources.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00115-00045760-00045943": "They act as primary data repositories.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00116-00045943-00046530": "You know, you’re already doing a very good job of putting the data in one place and cataloging", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00117-00046530-00046756": "it, storing it, archiving it.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00118-00046756-00046856": "There are many different places.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00119-00046856-00047344": "There’re international ones, there’s dbGaP, there’s individuals who might do sequencing,", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00120-00047344-00047789": "and then you have this thing that associates with it, a central analysis server that basically", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00121-00047789-00047947": "has three pieces.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00122-00047947-00048307": "One piece needs to be some sort of secure sample manager.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00123-00048307-00048496": "It doesn’t want to store the primary data.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00124-00048496-00048722": "What it wants to store is pointers to the primary data.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00125-00048722-00048986": "How do I get this data when I need it?", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00126-00048986-00049338": "It needs to manage data at multiple levels.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00127-00049338-00049773": "Not just the pointers to the raw data, but every sort of derived data type from it.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00128-00049773-00050262": "You have raw data, you have variance, you have summarized data, you have counts of the", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00129-00050262-00050769": "number of nonsense mutations across the whole cohort, and that data needs to be managed", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00130-00050769-00051385": "sort of at an atomic level with sharing and information at every one of those stages.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00131-00051385-00051976": "And, finally, you have some kind of cloudlike, although I think, you know, it doesn’t matter", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00132-00051976-00052824": "really where it runs, some sort of next generation data processing core and this runs apps, tools", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00133-00052824-00053458": "that basically do alignment, that do variant calling, that do association statistics at", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00134-00053458-00053562": "the raw read level.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00135-00053562-00053954": "And this needs to be some sort of extensible system so that people can submit apps and", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00136-00053954-00054388": "run them on the data; and that, in principle, you could do this.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00137-00054388-00054757": "The product of that thing, although it looks like it’s raining down, is this sort of", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00138-00054757-00055166": "quality control variance, and the reason I think this is so important is that you really", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00139-00055166-00055312": "want a harmonized data product.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00140-00055312-00055633": "You want, and I’ll talk a little bit more about this, but I’ll just say, you know,", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00141-00055633-00056124": "what you really want is all the true positive variance across all the samples, and then", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00142-00056124-00056629": "for every sample you want to know the genotypes and the likelihoods of those genotypes for", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00143-00056629-00056998": "every variant that you know of in the human population at every one of those sites.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00144-00056998-00057547": "It’s sort of a completely square matrix of sites by samples, and that would be the", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00145-00057547-00057647": "product.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00146-00057647-00058052": "That you would have that as a raw dataset from which you could slice individual pieces", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00147-00058052-00058595": "to do whatever analysis you wanted with some sort of extensible system like the iPhone,", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00148-00058595-00058929": "iTunes app store, that could do association.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00149-00058929-00059391": "It could do digestion and share that data in a very clean way with individuals who wanted", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00150-00059391-00059723": "to know what variance were known in a genome.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00151-00059723-00059823": "You could do visualization.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00152-00059823-00059966": "You could compute ancestry.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00153-00059966-00060102": "You can do personal genomics.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00154-00060102-00060614": "You could -- imagine doing any number of sort of analysis apps on top of that product.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00155-00060614-00061179": "And, so, the server’s goal isn’t in some sense to be the single place to do everything,", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00156-00061179-00061767": "it’s just an infrastructure to let us substantiate what we all want to collectively do and enforce", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00157-00061767-00062170": "the restrictions that we have agreed to for the data.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00158-00062170-00062716": "So, things that I think are important to emphasize about what are the opportunities for such", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00159-00062716-00062816": "a server?", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00160-00062816-00063247": "I think one thing is that the problem isn’t the apps, we have lots of apps; and the problem", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00161-00063247-00063414": "isn’t data, I mean we have lots of data.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00162-00063414-00063838": "The problem is that we don’t have a platform infrastructure to put these things all together.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00163-00063838-00064316": "So it needs to -- we need something that we’re calling a platform that coordinates sample", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00164-00064316-00064416": "management.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00165-00064416-00064516": "It knows where data lives.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00166-00064516-00064661": "It knows where phenotypes are.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00167-00064661-00064967": "It knows what phenotypes are associated with samples.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00168-00064967-00065611": "It needs to enforce and understand data use policies for every sample and every user,", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00169-00065611-00065844": "because it’s not just samples.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00170-00065844-00066170": "I mean, individuals have the right to use samples for certain purposes.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00171-00066170-00066656": "It needs to understand what that means in some sort of way that is represented by a", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00172-00066656-00067207": "computer to be enforced, and it needs to be able to execute applications that do a variety", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00173-00067207-00067714": "of the types of common analyses or data processing quality control we all do at the scale of", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00174-00067714-00067936": "hundreds of thousands of samples.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00175-00067936-00068393": "So, one thing that I think is important and not widely appreciated when you start to think", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00176-00068393-00068755": "about this thing is that you want it to be continuously updating.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00177-00068755-00069168": "It can’t be a static thing that today I implemented the server and I pressed go and", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00178-00069168-00069602": "now I have a great dataset and I can share this and it’s some constant static entity.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00179-00069602-00070006": "The thing needs to live and breathe downloading samples all the time.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00180-00070006-00070451": "If I sequence a sample today, I want it uploaded into the system tomorrow, and I want to have", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00181-00070451-00070851": "it integrated with all the data so that I can understand the relationship of that sample", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00182-00070851-00071135": "with all my other data as soon as possible.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00183-00071135-00071537": "It needs to be continuously managing that, and it’s also not acceptable to have old", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00184-00071537-00071886": "methods or have samples that were run with different types of methods.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00185-00071886-00072347": "You need it to be running best in class stuff all the time, continuously.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00186-00072347-00072953": "And, finally, I think the other part of it is you really need applications for variation", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00187-00072953-00073108": "discovery in hundreds of thousands of samples.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00188-00073108-00073578": "This is sort of a technical thing that thousands, you know, you think about like a massive evolution", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00189-00073578-00073685": "of 1000 genomes.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00190-00073685-00074229": "What you want is this harmonized, error corrected list of polymorphic sites; and then given", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00191-00074229-00074588": "that you have all these sites, you want to know what the genotypes of every sample are", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00192-00074588-00074688": "at every one of those sites.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00193-00074688-00075212": "And the key for doing this in a single universal place is not that you couldn’t, in principle,", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00194-00075212-00075608": "do this in some sort of strange distributed system where everyone has a handshake and", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00195-00075608-00075708": "agrees how to do the site.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00196-00075708-00076307": "It’s that you gain so much power by looking at the odd statistics of sites across hundreds", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00197-00076307-00076832": "of thousands of samples that you can sort out very quickly what sites are errors that", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00198-00076832-00077032": "are common, and which sites are errors that are real.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00199-00077032-00077580": "I’m sorry, that are rare; and so, this is a way to ensure that we have the highest quality", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00200-00077580-00077889": "data by combining information across as many samples as possible.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00201-00077889-00078269": "And who wants to spend their time, for instance, analyzing loss of function mutations that", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00202-00078269-00078689": "are completely dominated by errors, and the only way I know to get rid of those errors", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00203-00078689-00078970": "is to look at the properties of sites across many samples.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00204-00078970-00079549": "And if you have rare sites that are at 1percent frequency and you want to see it tens or maybe", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00205-00079549-00079907": "hundreds of times to decide whether it’s an error, you need hundreds of thousands of", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00206-00079907-00080172": "samples to do that.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00207-00080172-00080591": "So, very interesting things have come out of our discussions of what it would take to", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00208-00080591-00081086": "have -- to put all the data in one place and feel confident that the data could be analyzed", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00209-00081086-00081658": "in a way that wasn’t violating the agreements on the data use policies of the samples themselves.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00210-00081658-00081979": "So I think it’s just you’re still contrasting -- today we’ve sort of described this as", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00211-00081979-00082570": "you basically sign a piece of paper, you download your data, and you kind of hope for the best.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00212-00082570-00083020": "You know, what we envision is a system where it actually represents the data use explicitly", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00213-00083020-00083408": "per sample in some sort of way, and the example I give on the right are these like data use", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00214-00083408-00083750": "cards that you can imagine a normal system understanding.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00215-00083750-00084172": "It’s not totally unreasonable that you could represent what the data can be used for per", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00216-00084172-00084586": "sample and per user, that these policies can be enforced.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00217-00084586-00085032": "For instance, p-investigator would be the only person to be able to look at a specific", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00218-00085032-00085461": "sample, but it could be easily merged with the NIMH common controls, because you might", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00219-00085461-00085561": "have approval to do that.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00220-00085561-00085939": "You can merge anything with 1000 Genomes, because it’s completely open.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00221-00085939-00086423": "So the individual investigator sees different subsets of the sample space that’s based", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00222-00086423-00087024": "on their approvals and the data use policies of each sample, and it’s possible to restrict", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00223-00087024-00087366": "the analysis simply by saying you have to be -- you either -- you have to meet one of", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00224-00087366-00087466": "two criteria.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00225-00087466-00087802": "You have to be an approved user to see the data, or you have to meet the approved uses", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00226-00087802-00088031": "which are enumerated and can be quite conservative.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00227-00088031-00088430": "If you have a sample that has very conservative approval, you don’t get to see it.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00228-00088430-00088663": "If you have a very open sample, you can freely use it.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00229-00088663-00089201": "You can imagine some sort of button that pops up on like your Gmail now that says, include", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00230-00089201-00089635": "these sample sets, and it would know who you are and it knows what kind of other samples", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00231-00089635-00089735": "you’re merging.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00232-00089735-00090311": "If you try to merge a T2D dataset with a schizophrenia dataset, it says this is incompatible.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00233-00090311-00090622": "You know, one of these data use policies is being, you know, violated.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00234-00090622-00090756": "You can’t do that.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00235-00090756-00091164": "And I think this is an important point that took us a little while to fully articulate,", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00236-00091164-00091756": "is that the goal for a central server isn’t to be a mechanism for policy reform, whatever", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00237-00091756-00091856": "that is.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00238-00091856-00092236": "I mean, I think there’s huge value in reforming the use in data access policies.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00239-00092236-00092598": "It’s just a mechanism to enforce whatever those policies happen to be.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00240-00092598-00093031": "If we evolve into a more open model, then it should enforce those models -- those rules.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00241-00093031-00093508": "If we remain closed or we find that, in fact, it’s possible to identify people in a horrible", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00242-00093508-00093697": "way, it could just enforce that right overnight.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00243-00093697-00094111": "You have a mechanism to stop people from doing the things that we are uncomfortable with", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00244-00094111-00094305": "them doing.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00245-00094305-00094552": "And I think this is -- the other part is, you know, I was talking, you know, a comment", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00246-00094552-00094946": "earlier is that, you know, there’s sample usage but there also this totally orthogonal", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00247-00094946-00095189": "direction of the digestion of data.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00248-00095189-00095642": "So we all agree that, you know, the rawest of the raw sequencing data is probably the", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00249-00095642-00095742": "most protected.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00250-00095742-00096139": "I mean, whatever you said you would do with the sample you can’t -- it has to live at", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00251-00096139-00096297": "that stage.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00252-00096297-00096848": "So, you know, you would probably are only approved to look at individual raw sequence", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00253-00096848-00097361": "in there, probably individual samples variance with the genotypes, if you’re the approved", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00254-00097361-00097461": "investigator.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00255-00097461-00097907": "But, once you start to digest the data to saying, well, I just have individuals in a", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00256-00097907-00098385": "set of samples, where the only data I have is a list of polymorphic sites with their", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00257-00098385-00098669": "frequencies, this might be more open for a sample.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00258-00098669-00098997": "Not all samples would be equally open, but some would be approved.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00259-00098997-00099579": "This is the sort of model of the exome variant server; and these p-data could be available", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00260-00099579-00099849": "at that level within this data system.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00261-00099849-00100312": "And, finally, there’s very high level metrics that we all agree are in principle shareable,", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00262-00100312-00100632": "which is the summary data that lives in a publication.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00263-00100632-00101092": "I mean just because it’s inconveniently stored in a PDF, it’s clearly available", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00264-00101092-00101255": "to everyone and it’s open access.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00265-00101255-00101639": "The system could represent that, and the answer to the question is like, what people would", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00266-00101639-00101885": "query if you’re a pharmaceutical company?", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00267-00101885-00102164": "You should have the right to look at that, just like you have the right to pay to look", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00268-00102164-00102343": "at the PDF that contains the table.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00269-00102343-00102627": "It’s just a mechanism for sharing the data.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00270-00102627-00103026": "And this could all be integrated in one single process that enforced it at every stage and", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00271-00103026-00103234": "it knew what we were doing.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00272-00103234-00103751": "So, I think the example, there’s probably best -- there’s two sort of side-by-side", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00273-00103751-00103918": "examples I think should verify this.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00274-00103918-00104331": "You know, the goal of the server isn’t to enforce individual level access or to drive", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00275-00104331-00104465": "all samples to an open model.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00276-00104465-00104983": "You want to maximally enable the sharing of samples consistent with their data use.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00277-00104983-00105633": "So, 1000 Genome sample uploaded to the server would be freely available at any stage.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00278-00105633-00105949": "You could look at the individual reads if you wanted.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00279-00105949-00106266": "It would be allowed, basically the server would allow you to do anything you wanted", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00280-00106266-00106744": "to do within the constraints of the applications that’d been uploaded, and it can be freely", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00281-00106744-00106853": "merged with other datasets.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00282-00106853-00107308": "If I want to know the frequency of my variant that I’ve discovered in my Mendelian consortia", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00283-00107308-00107821": "set, I could just look up the frequencies in all the genotype likelihoods of that site", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00284-00107821-00107998": "in a 1000 Genomes data, for free.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00285-00107998-00108215": "But we all agree we could obviously do that.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00286-00108215-00108365": "The samples are consented to do that.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00287-00108365-00108648": "It’s just inconvenient, even today, to do.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00288-00108648-00109209": "But a single use sample, for instance a schizophrenic sample, that’s only approved to an individual", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00289-00109209-00109591": "for noncommercial use, would be highly restricted.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00290-00109591-00109697": "You could upload it to the server.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00291-00109697-00109822": "It could come in.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00292-00109822-00110132": "You could benefit from all the analyses infrastructure.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00293-00110132-00110607": "It would be jointly culled with all the samples so that the error modeling was empowered,", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00294-00110607-00111121": "but that sample would only be visible to the individuals who are approved users, which", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00295-00111121-00111567": "would be the single investigator, and they could pull in any datasets that were equally", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00296-00111567-00111667": "value.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00297-00111667-00112026": "You can merge 1000 genomes with that dataset, because the 1000 Genomes is currently available,", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00298-00112026-00112392": "but the other investigators couldn’t merge your sample.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00299-00112392-00112752": "Would be -- you would be completely blind to that sample.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00300-00112752-00113087": "And I think the important piece is that most samples really would fall in the middle.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00301-00113087-00113500": "I mean, obviously, many samples are sort of intermediate consent, and if we could just", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00302-00113500-00114028": "know which were which, we could analyze our individual smaller sets of data in the presence", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00303-00114028-00114320": "of these massively empowering datasets.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00304-00114320-00114651": "So, some basic, you know, advantages.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00305-00114651-00114779": "What’s -- why is this I think exciting?", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00306-00114779-00115395": "I mean, one is it enhances the value of large, open broadly consented samples.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00307-00115395-00116005": "So, the NIMH controls, the 1000 Genomes Project, if those were so trivially easy to access", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00308-00116005-00116383": "and merge into your data, then these would be hugely valuable things to invest in.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00309-00116383-00116852": "We would see more samples with broad consent because they would be enormously valuable", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00310-00116852-00117092": "for all the other samples.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00311-00117092-00117445": "Another thing that’s important about this is it has a huge network effect, and if we", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00312-00117445-00118008": "can do this right, then you would have basically access to the cutting edge data processing", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00313-00118008-00118445": "in analytic apps and everyone would want to use this, and then data would pour into the", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00314-00118445-00118755": "system as more people wanted to use it.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00315-00118755-00119155": "And I think, also, it provides an answer to the thing that David was asking is how do", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00316-00119155-00119385": "you actually provide digestive results?", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00317-00119385-00119663": "How do you share what we’re learning with the community?", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00318-00119663-00120084": "It’s clear that you would have a knowledge base in the system that would be easy to share.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00319-00120084-00120494": "You wouldn’t have to go out of your way to make a list of pValues and then put them", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00320-00120494-00120594": "up on the website.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00321-00120594-00120816": "This would all be a click away.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00322-00120816-00120958": "You could say, oh well, look at this gene.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00323-00120958-00121149": "You know all the data.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00324-00121149-00121607": "Everything that was allowed to be known about that publicly would be freely and easily available,", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00325-00121607-00122055": "just like Google Maps is easily available, and I think the point of point is it actually", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00326-00122055-00122230": "solves some of the problems.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00327-00122230-00122520": "You know, if you’re a biologist you can just look up a gene, look up the variance,", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00328-00122520-00122854": "like you can in the exome variant server.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00329-00122854-00123179": "If you’re a pharmaceutical, probably you can explore all these rare loss of function", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00330-00123179-00123294": "mutations.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00331-00123294-00123829": "You have access to some subset of the data and that would be available to you, and geneticists", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00332-00123829-00124366": "would have a very strong interest because you could incorporate all these enormous common", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00333-00124366-00124830": "controls into the system and you could analyze your data against all of them.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00334-00124830-00125277": "So, just to conclude, you know, I guess not conclude but really open up for the discussion,", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00335-00125277-00125790": "is that I think one thing that the central analysis server provides as a mechanism is", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00336-00125790-00126230": "that it -- it’s an infrastructure that’s sustainable that would let us have integrative", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00337-00126230-00126460": "genetic analyses going forward.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00338-00126460-00127200": "It’s, I think, computationally manageable and the ELSI issues, I think, are also manageable.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00339-00127200-00127344": "We could build such a system.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00340-00127344-00127485": "It could be consented.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00341-00127485-00127685": "It could do what we want it to do.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00342-00127685-00128220": "And, I think, a successful server would be immensely valuable, but it’s a technical", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00343-00128220-00128329": "challenge to build it.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00344-00128329-00128699": "So, I don’t think it would make sense to try to do it in just one place.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00345-00128699-00129264": "We’d want multiple versions of it instantiated, so that we could see what types of analyses", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00346-00129264-00129703": "and what type of infrastructure work best, and you could easily imagine a diversity of", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00347-00129703-00129901": "these things for specific disease areas.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00348-00129901-00130445": "You know, what might work very well for germline variation might work very badly for cancer.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00349-00130445-00130653": "You wouldn’t have to solve all things at all times.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00350-00130653-00131110": "You just have an idea and maybe we could share a common infrastructure if you have a generic", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00351-00131110-00131653": "platform, you’d have different apps in different places that would allow us to do basically", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00352-00131653-00132160": "to leverage all of the infrastructure, but have special things going for it at each individual", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00353-00132160-00132260": "place.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00354-00132260-00132499": "So, I think it’s important just to say, you know, why would you -- why would you want", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00355-00132499-00132599": "to build such a thing?", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00356-00132599-00133116": "I mean, I think as a biologist or a pharmaceutical rep or, well not a rep but a researcher, somebody", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00357-00133116-00133672": "in biotech, it’s a, you know, a comprehensive database of the variation.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00358-00133672-00134026": "You know, geneticists get the largest datasets.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00359-00134026-00134227": "Statisticians can get data for their models.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00360-00134227-00134636": "You can upload as your -- as a methods developer your app and have it run.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00361-00134636-00135033": "You don’t have to try to distribute it to every individual who wants to run it.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00362-00135033-00135395": "If you can just get it running in this system, it’ll run it for you, and then everyone", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00363-00135395-00135551": "can use your method.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00364-00135551-00135872": "They can cite you and you have, you know, thousands of users.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00365-00135872-00136152": "And I think the other -- the final thing is that, you know, for the ELSI consideration", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00366-00136152-00136565": "it actually understands the rules that are articulated for the samples and would enforce", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00367-00136565-00136665": "them.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00368-00136665-00137147": "So you could say, we could actually say at a very fine resolution, this sample can be", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00369-00137147-00137500": "used for this, cannot be used for that, these users -- and, you know, we could actually", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00370-00137500-00137841": "benefit from all of that at a very fine grain level.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00371-00137841-00138714": "So, that’s basically my conclusions is that, I think we should take this opportunity seriously", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00372-00138714-00139155": "as something that would really transform how we, at least a large fraction of the community", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00373-00139155-00139311": "would do research in this area.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00374-00139311-00139804": "I mean it could be hugely valuable for us to build such a thing.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00375-00139804-00140136": "Great, I will take questions.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00376-00140136-00140534": "All right, I’ll start with Ewan.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00377-00140534-00141187": "Ewan Birney: So, one experience of this is that, you know,", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00378-00141187-00141616": "we need to get down right to the nitty-gritty, there’s this whole business of a particular", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00379-00141616-00142174": "analysis for a particular run drops out a series of individual arrays and drops out", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00380-00142174-00142759": "a series of columns names before they go off and do Whizzy Things Ed [spelled phonetically].", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00381-00142759-00143226": "And then Whizzy Things Ed will often, you know, pop in a code variable or something", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00382-00143226-00144227": "like that in the pValue calculation, and so, it ends up being -- so in your model this", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00383-00144227-00144796": "is kind of a, it’s quite hard to make all of those decisions kind of generic.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00384-00144796-00144896": "Mark DePristo: Yes.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00385-00144896-00144996": "Ewan Birney: Do you know what I mean?", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00386-00144996-00145596": "They’re very, they’re not only unique to the dataset but almost unique to that little", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00387-00145596-00146084": "round of analyses, and although there’s a kind of generic call to it, the details", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00388-00146084-00146272": "are kind of specific.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00389-00146272-00146372": "Mark DePristo: Yep.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00390-00146372-00146612": "Ewan Birney: So have you thought that through?", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00391-00146612-00147262": "Is that a problem or not a problem, and how does one handle this kind of scenario?", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00392-00147262-00147362": "Mark DePristo: Sure.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00393-00147362-00148026": "So my feeling would be, you know, so for some things you clearly -- we can clearly benefit", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00394-00148026-00148171": "from the full scale of the data.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00395-00148171-00148573": "So, for instance, SNP calling, Indel calling can look across all samples and it’d be", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00396-00148573-00148767": "beneficial.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00397-00148767-00149244": "I could see that developing specific covariates for the exact datasets that you merged in", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00398-00149244-00149645": "would be potentially better than a universal set of covariates for correction.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00399-00149645-00150024": "But, I think, that that would be something that the app layer would manage.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00400-00150024-00150490": "You would have some PCA tool and you could run that on your data and it could do exactly", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00401-00150490-00151133": "what you wanted it to do, and I think that’s completely computationally tractable to do", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00402-00151133-00151233": "that.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00403-00151233-00151490": "Ewan Birney: So, okay -- so, I mean I was thinking more", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00404-00151490-00151974": "about covariate modeling the phenotypes not covariates on the calling and phenotypes and", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00405-00151974-00152114": "that sort of thing.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00406-00152114-00152562": "But from your view, in some sense the app infrastructure, which sounds more like a virtual", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00407-00152562-00153137": "machine would have full access to whatever the researcher wanted to have at that particular", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00408-00153137-00153237": "time.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00409-00153237-00153402": "Mark DePristo: Right, so there would be some serious process", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00410-00153402-00153947": "of vetting those tools and, you know, you couldn’t just upload it for free and just", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00411-00153947-00154047": "run it.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00412-00154047-00154369": "You’d really have to say this will meet some minimum criteria much like, I think,", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00413-00154369-00154652": "Apple is doing with, you know, iTunes and apps.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00414-00154652-00154773": "I mean, you just --", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00415-00154773-00154873": "Ewan Birney: Okay.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00416-00154873-00154990": "Mark DePristo: -- you know, you’re distributing these things", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00417-00154990-00155139": "to other individuals.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00418-00155139-00155570": "It’s not -- you have to make sure that they pass minimum criteria and they’re going", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00419-00155570-00155978": "to -- those criteria are going to be scalability, you know, safety, but you have to look at", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00420-00155978-00156355": "the code to see what it’s doing, because you don’t want it to sort of bring down", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00421-00156355-00156497": "your computing infrastructure.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00422-00156497-00156642": "All right.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00423-00156642-00157187": "Aravinda Chakravarti: So Mark, I’m just wondering and trying to,", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00424-00157187-00157287": "you know, understand this in some more detail.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00425-00157287-00157387": "Mark DePristo: [affirmative]", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00426-00157387-00157695": "Aravinda Chakravarti: Two questions that different investigators", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00427-00157695-00158220": "or consumers of this information will come in with different needs and probably very", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00428-00158220-00158385": "different computational burdens.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00429-00158385-00158839": "Some would be quick and easy, some could be quite protracted, and I don’t know how you", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00430-00158839-00159272": "see managing that and who adjudicates that, whether you’ve thought about it?", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00431-00159272-00159465": "Mark DePristo: Yeah, so, I would say, you know, one of the", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00432-00159465-00159769": "big, heavy lifting pieces is this thing in blue.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00433-00159769-00160254": "You know, working with the raw next gen sequencing data and analyzing cross samples.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00434-00160254-00160676": "And if you imagine that that’s where most of the heavy lifting is, I think that’s", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00435-00160676-00161015": "already well tractable today.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00436-00161015-00161335": "To get into that bucket and that’s why I actually put this little separate piece of", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00437-00161335-00161705": "like an analysis apps versus NGS apps.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00438-00161705-00162183": "The NGS apps would need, you know, more serious efficiency testing to go into the system because", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00439-00162183-00162589": "I think you could bring down the computer, but analysis apps are pretty cheap.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00440-00162589-00163214": "I mean it’s relatively inexpensive once you have genotypes and sites to do, you know,", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00441-00163214-00163637": "lots of different types of analyses with relatively little compute.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00442-00163637-00164003": "Aravinda Chakravarti: But, but in your articulation of this -- I’m", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00443-00164003-00164640": "just trying to get this clarified in my mind, -- that however all the computation is really", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00444-00164640-00165310": "done on this site, meaning if I’m thinking of a new method beyond downloading some data", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00445-00165310-00165916": "that is downloadable and testing it on my own system, I would still use a new method", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00446-00165916-00166221": "if all I’m doing is testing this method on the massive data.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00447-00166221-00166608": "Mark DePristo: Yes, so the developer’s tool kit is like", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00448-00166608-00167138": "how do I, as an individual methods developer, test in something given that the actual infrastructure", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00449-00167138-00167477": "it’s going to run on is far away from me and is, you know, protected?", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00450-00167477-00167863": "Usually this is just some sort of virtual machine you can download that’s like a microcosm", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00451-00167863-00168048": "of the full system and you can develop in it.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00452-00168048-00168430": "So, like, if you want to develop for the iPhone you don’t develop on an iPhone, you have", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00453-00168430-00168951": "this fake software simulation of an iPhone, and you develop in it, and that’s what you", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00454-00168951-00169051": "would have to do.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00455-00169051-00169482": "So, you know, you can imagine pulling down, it would represent some fraction of 1000 Genomes", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00456-00169482-00169617": "data, you would download this.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00457-00169617-00170159": "It would be a tolerable size and you would do your development there.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00458-00170159-00170288": "Go ahead, David.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00459-00170288-00170698": "David Craig: So, it sounds like you’re saying, and I", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00460-00170698-00171022": "wonder if you’re intentional about a lot of fluidity in the results we get, such that", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00461-00171022-00171550": "you and I might get different results, we’re in different days, you know, with different", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00462-00171550-00171712": "samples being added.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00463-00171712-00172112": "Do you see that as being actually a major point or would you bring in freezes and so", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00464-00172112-00172212": "forth to it?", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00465-00172212-00172351": "Mark DePristo: Yeah, I think you would have to do this just", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00466-00172351-00172821": "-- I think it would be intolerable if it were -- if you never had any -- if you never had", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00467-00172821-00173215": "any freezes so that you never could analyze a single dataset.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00468-00173215-00173680": "I think that the freezes could be done at this sort of QC variant level which, you know,", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00469-00173680-00173858": "would cost relatively little.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00470-00173858-00174464": "Enormously large datasets are under terabytes for variance and genotypes, and I think that", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00471-00174464-00174569": "would be totally doable.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00472-00174569-00175020": "Male Speaker: I want -- I think it’s worth thinking about", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00473-00175020-00175337": "our different audiences as we return to this.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00474-00175337-00175778": "Like, there’s the fact that for people who -- there’s a community of people who’re", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00475-00175778-00176057": "apps, if you want to call it this here, apps developers.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00476-00176057-00176464": "Actually the challenges everybody’s raising are very real of like, how would you know", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00477-00176464-00176594": "that they didn’t develop app?", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00478-00176594-00176733": "First of all, how do you vet the apps?", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00479-00176733-00176882": "How would you know they weren’t going to violate security?", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00480-00176882-00177148": "How would you know they weren’t going to screw up your compute and cost you a lot of", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00481-00177148-00177277": "money?", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00482-00177277-00177538": "Presumably there’re people that help with that, because there is this whole incredibly", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00483-00177538-00178044": "dynamic apps development ecosystem right now, so maybe we could learn; but that might not", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00484-00178044-00178508": "be the first thing you layered on because your methods developers could still access", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00485-00178508-00178608": "data.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00486-00178608-00178946": "It’s no -- no, it’s because you know where the data is and we’re streamlining data", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00487-00178946-00179046": "access.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00488-00179046-00179423": "It’s actually all the people who are not statistical geneticists, who are not methods", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00489-00179423-00179767": "developer, who are now completely hamstrung, because if you’re not actually -- I mean", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00490-00179767-00180214": "the thing we hear most often is, a) I can’t get the data but, b) even if I got it, it", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00491-00180214-00180616": "breaks my computer, because the people of the questions don’t have any ability to", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00492-00180616-00180716": "do this.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00493-00180716-00181078": "So I think that while we worry about, I know everyone’s agreeing, as we worry about solutions", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00494-00181078-00181571": "that might limit the serendipitous creativity of the five most sophisticated statistical", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00495-00181571-00181996": "geneticists of the world, we should also think about how currently we’re enabling people", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00496-00181996-00182326": "who don’t know how to deal with data like this, and don’t know how to do analysis,", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00497-00182326-00182754": "to answer questions, you know, by saying to them you can go to dbGaP and download it when", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00498-00182754-00182915": "they don’t have the ability to do computation at all.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00499-00182915-00183070": "Male Speaker: Yeah but -- I’ve [unintelligible]", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00500-00183070-00183171": "Male Speaker: I agree.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00501-00183171-00183551": "Male Speaker: Right now the waiting is 100 statistical geneticists,", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00502-00183551-00183711": "zero biologists.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00503-00183711-00184321": "Michael Boehnke: So, I think there is the issue of the process", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00504-00184321-00185117": "to get an app in and I like most of this except I’m worried about the part of how we go", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00505-00185117-00185589": "from one set of apps to the next set of apps, because there is going to be costs in getting", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00506-00185589-00185689": "those apps in.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00507-00185689-00186241": "And the problem is most of what we do right now in the analysis of this data is not cut", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00508-00186241-00186346": "and dried.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00509-00186346-00186791": "And there’s a certain amount of time in between someone developing a method and other", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00510-00186791-00187236": "people -- and other people have to use that method before anybody is going to agree that", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00511-00187236-00187407": "it’s sort of state of the art.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00512-00187407-00188219": "And, so, how you make that change over time without getting too conservative, and therefore,", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00513-00188219-00188635": "getting stuck with old methods that really you don’t want versus changing so quickly", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00514-00188635-00189045": "that you’ve wasted time changing to a new method that it turns out really isn’t that", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00515-00189045-00189145": "good after all.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00516-00189145-00189257": "That’s a hard part [unintelligible].", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00517-00189257-00189459": "Mark DePristo: Well, I can give you a concrete example you", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00518-00189459-00189559": "know.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00519-00189559-00189860": "It would be entirely possible to run, you know, just to be very technical, you can run", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00520-00189860-00190112": "a sandboxed version of [unintelligible] in the system.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00521-00190112-00190564": "So, that would have, you know, isolated to some virtual machine it absolutely only had", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00522-00190564-00190664": "access to the data.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00523-00190664-00191129": "It would be impossible to get outside of it, at least to the best that we could do in any", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00524-00191129-00191287": "reasonable system.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00525-00191287-00191445": "And you could whatever you wanted in that thing.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00526-00191445-00191711": "You could break it, you could do -- there are ways to handle that.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00527-00191711-00191859": "I would imagine that that’s what I would want.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00528-00191859-00191959": "I don’t, you know, I would want free --", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00529-00191959-00192059": "Ewan Birney: [inaudible] isn’t giving a solution.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00530-00192059-00192159": "This isn’t an opposition to the old standard way of operating which is [unintelligible]", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00531-00192159-00192259": "know that.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00532-00192259-00192359": "Half [unintelligible] do my own thing.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00533-00192359-00192459": "It’s really not, that we, you know, it’s this idea that needs these solutions to the", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00534-00192459-00192559": "opposition [unintelligible].", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00535-00192559-00193187": "Mark DePristo: Okay.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00536-00193187-00194209": "Ewan Birney: [unintelligible]", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00537-00194209-00195392": "Mark DePristo: So, in the back and then to Gonzalo [spelled", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00538-00195392-00195492": "phonetically].", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00539-00195492-00195636": "Brad Malin: So I was running with you.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00540-00195636-00195802": "I was like yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00541-00195802-00195938": "I think this is a great idea.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00542-00195938-00196061": "Mark DePristo: Good.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00543-00196061-00196161": "[laughs]", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00544-00196161-00196298": "Brad Malin: And then you lost me at the apps.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00545-00196298-00196398": "Mark DePristo: Okay.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00546-00196398-00196546": "Brad Malin: And let me explain why.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00547-00196546-00197221": "So, in a sense the model starts as some type of a shared computing resource.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00548-00197221-00197526": "So we’re basically going back to old school shared time.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00549-00197526-00197637": "You know, computing systems.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00550-00197637-00197860": "Which that’s fine, that’s where we’re going anyway.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00551-00197860-00198514": "But, and I think this is great; I’m really hesitant to pigeonhole people into a particular", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00552-00198514-00198770": "language and a particular software architecture.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00553-00198770-00198972": "Mark DePristo: You mean like a programming language?", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00554-00198972-00199335": "Brad Malin: Well, not even necessarily a programming language,", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00555-00199335-00199563": "just whatever your architecture is for the apps.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00556-00199563-00199833": "That’s, you know, limit what people can build.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00557-00199833-00200127": "And so I liked it when you started to say that, you know, there was a potential for", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00558-00200127-00200549": "virtualization and allowing people to have space and computer time on here.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00559-00200549-00201263": "I guess the big question that comes with this is who pays for this at that point?", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00560-00201263-00201745": "Because this is a nontrivial amount of computing space and if it’s constantly evolving and", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00561-00201745-00202085": "you need to have a whole series of engineers to maintain it and manage it and then eventually", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00562-00202085-00202185": "update it.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00563-00202185-00202407": "Mark DePristo: I guess [unintelligible], I mean, you know,", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00564-00202407-00202679": "ideally you would -- so I guess there are two questions, you know.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00565-00202679-00203076": "One is how bad is the computation burden?", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00566-00203076-00203506": "I mean and I can answer that to some degree, you know, as a task just to sort of proof", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00567-00203506-00203606": "of concept.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00568-00203606-00204014": "We’ve recalled 16,000 exomes last week.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00569-00204014-00204494": "Single unified process, which is the large expensive piece and, you know, it takes on", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00570-00204494-00204763": "the order of a couple thousand CPU days.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00571-00204763-00205182": "So this is not so expensive given that CPU days in a non-efficient environment are like", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00572-00205182-00205546": "on a couple of dollar CPU days.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00573-00205546-00205996": "Data processing, you know, this is hundreds of thousands of CPU days.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00574-00205996-00206406": "So you’re not talking enormous amounts of money relative to the investment that we put", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00575-00206406-00206506": "into the data itself.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00576-00206506-00206651": "Male Speaker: Mark, I think the point is --", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00577-00206651-00206751": "Male Speaker: That’s harder.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00578-00206751-00206988": "Male Speaker: But also, that’s if you -- if somebody has", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00579-00206988-00207094": "a very efficient version.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00580-00207094-00207403": "I think the point that’s being raised and I think the answer is we don’t have an answer.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00581-00207403-00207503": "Okay.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00582-00207503-00208058": "Is if you have -- when you raise this apps idea -- if someone were to bring in an app", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00583-00208058-00208437": "and it were to all of a sudden set off some process, statute of limitations on the thing,", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00584-00208437-00208880": "that was going to cost $1 billion worth of computing, you know, who’s going to pay", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00585-00208880-00208980": "for that?", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00586-00208980-00209180": "And that’s a business model question and what --", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00587-00209180-00209316": "Male Speaker: But that’s an important thing --", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00588-00209316-00209416": "Male Speaker: It is.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00589-00209416-00209516": "Male Speaker: -- somebody that wants to --", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00590-00209516-00209727": "Male Speaker: Also with the shared storage model, because", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00591-00209727-00209902": "for every additional petabyte you bring on, it’s --", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00592-00209902-00210002": "Mark DePristo: Well --", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00593-00210002-00210102": "Male Speaker: -- going to explode on you.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00594-00210102-00210248": "Mark DePristo: -- I guess we could -- I think those things", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00595-00210248-00210664": "are solvable, you know, there are systems to bill -- there’s, you know, -- there’s", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00596-00210664-00211256": "a many, many ways you could imagine insuring that there were resources available to run", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00597-00211256-00211448": "what you wanted to run.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00598-00211448-00211633": "And you could have a central funding mechanism.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00599-00211633-00211908": "You could have individuals be able to fund their own things.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00600-00211908-00212323": "These are, you know, I’m not clear what the right way to go is, but I think that we", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00601-00212323-00212423": "could solve this.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00602-00212423-00212913": "You know, Amazon has a cloud that it uses not because it’s very happy to provide a", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00603-00212913-00213277": "computing cloud to everyone but that’s the compute that they need to deal with Christmas.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00604-00213277-00213819": "And in order to monetize it and all of the things associated with the cloud this is an", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00605-00213819-00214173": "attempt to recoup the cost of setting up computers for Christmas for them.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00606-00214173-00214629": "And it’s been hugely valuable, and so my point is that, you know, there’s a lot of", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00607-00214629-00215148": "compute out there, there’s a lot of opportunity to do this, I think it’s not astronomically", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00608-00215148-00215248": "difficult.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00609-00215248-00215621": "So Gonzalo and then over there, I mean Debbie [spelled phonetically] sorry.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00610-00215621-00215967": "Male Speaker: Okay, so, you know, I think you started from", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00611-00215967-00216676": "a very compelling vision, you know, that there are problems that we’re not addressing well,", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00612-00216676-00217036": "you know, it’d be nice if there was a convenient way to get answers to these big questions.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00613-00217036-00217151": "Mark DePristo: Yeah.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00614-00217151-00217583": "Male Speaker: But, you know, my take on this architecture", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00615-00217583-00218194": "that you’ve laid out, is that it’s actually an incredibly complex system that, you know,", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00616-00218194-00218803": "which goes, you know, probably way beyond what you need to address those problems.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00617-00218803-00219267": "I mean, just thinking of the scale of this, you know, if you’re thinking about say how", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00618-00219267-00219585": "many papers are published in bioinformatics each month?", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00619-00219585-00219994": "You know, and let’s say half of them have to deal with next generation sequencing and", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00620-00219994-00220156": "it could be turned into an app.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00621-00220156-00220617": "You know, if someone had to vet the code on each one of them, before they went into the", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00622-00220617-00221005": "cloud in different version, it’s kind of, I wouldn’t want to do this.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00623-00221005-00221367": "Mark DePristo: We’d have to have mechanisms that you have", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00624-00221367-00221496": "to leap over in some sense.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00625-00221496-00221596": "Male Speaker: No, no.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00626-00221596-00222114": "Then you’ve got say access to many different layers of data, you know, from sequence to,", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00627-00222114-00222817": "you know, it -- I think -- I mean, it just seems like an incredibly complex system, and", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00628-00222817-00223366": "it seems like we should focus maybe on simpler parts that get us to the question that you", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00629-00223366-00223466": "articulate at the beginning.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00630-00223466-00224021": "You know, if someone wants to know what the effect of variance is on heart disease risk,", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00631-00224021-00224121": "David’s example.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00632-00224121-00224539": "There should be some convenient way for them to get the best answer for that.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00633-00224539-00224639": "Mark DePristo: I totally agree.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00634-00224639-00224810": "I think that one -- this is what I wanted you know.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00635-00224810-00225236": "I feel like if we did go down these routes we would want to have multiple versions of", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00636-00225236-00225351": "these things.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00637-00225351-00225760": "Because the technical challenge to build one of them, you know, I wouldn’t want to be", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00638-00225760-00225946": "the only person trying to build this.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00639-00225946-00226142": "It’s very complicated.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00640-00226142-00226617": "I also agree that there are other -- it makes sense to go incrementally through lots of", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00641-00226617-00226921": "different things, each of which would have value as early as possible.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00642-00226921-00227316": "So, I’m not sure which parts of the system would be most valuable, most quickly.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00643-00227316-00227480": "But it would make sense to focus on those.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00644-00227480-00227981": "So it could be that we decide to have a subset of most valuable samples from most consented", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00645-00227981-00228286": "samples is the start to maximize the value quickly.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00646-00228286-00228519": "Male Speaker: So my final comment is, you know, one thing", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00647-00228519-00228940": "that I, you know, we’ve been saying that these things are not in opposition to each", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00648-00228940-00229610": "other but, you know, one thing is if, you know, if you -- if we over pitch this idea", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00649-00229610-00229994": "that you just laid out, you know, one of the things you said is this is a better model", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00650-00229994-00230411": "because we can optimize access control better, you know.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00651-00230411-00230830": "If we said, hey, actually our goal now is for access control to go through this process,", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00652-00230830-00231363": "you know, this would through a big spinner in how everything works because, you know,", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00653-00231363-00231619": "we don’t have anything that does this.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00654-00231619-00232102": "It’s not clear that it’s buildable, or how many years or whatever it takes to build.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00655-00232102-00232301": "You know, you couldn’t work to this model.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00656-00232301-00232580": "We don’t even know if you could build it if it would work.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00657-00232580-00233313": "So, I think, you know, there’s attractive features here but I think it’s an incredibly", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00658-00233313-00233582": "complex engineering task that’s laid out there.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00659-00233582-00233682": "Mark DePristo: Kevin.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00660-00233682-00233782": "Male Speaker: [unintelligible]", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00661-00233782-00233882": "Mark DePristo: Okay.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00662-00233882-00234015": "I don’t want to be the one to pick.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00663-00234015-00234115": "Why don’t my --", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00664-00234115-00234215": "Male Speaker: [unintelligible]", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00665-00234215-00234315": "Mark DePristo: Okay [laughs].", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00666-00234315-00234460": "Male Speaker: All right, so, just to sort of dovetail on", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00667-00234460-00234560": "this point.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00668-00234560-00234660": "Oh Debbie --", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00669-00234660-00234760": "Female Speaker: [unintelligible]", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00670-00234760-00234860": "Male Speaker: No, no.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00671-00234860-00234960": "Debbie, Debbie.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00672-00234960-00235175": "Mark DePristo: This is why I didn’t want to be the one", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00673-00235175-00235275": "to pick.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00674-00235275-00235375": "Male Speaker: I cede mine to Debbie.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00675-00235375-00235475": "Debbie Nickerson: So, all right.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00676-00235475-00235959": "I think we’re dealing with a lot of different problems with one app.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00677-00235959-00236607": "If you want to know what I think about this, and I think that we need to take step back", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00678-00236607-00237108": "and I think we’re going to plan on doing this tomorrow, is that right Mike -- to figure", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00679-00237108-00237232": "how to approach these problems.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00680-00237232-00237873": "I think that we want to have easier access for everyone to this data set, it doesn’t", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00681-00237873-00238073": "matter who they are.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00682-00238073-00238409": "And we also want to make the best data sets available.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00683-00238409-00238882": "We could think of the 1000 Genome model for example, and they have a freeze and everybody", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00684-00238882-00239011": "uses that freeze.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00685-00239011-00239111": "Right?", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00686-00239111-00239378": "I mean why can’t we make all the data available as a freeze?", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00687-00239378-00240091": "I think the idea that you could do limitless computing and test all new tools on the same", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00688-00240091-00240623": "system is, you know, a totally different can of worms.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00689-00240623-00241132": "And everybody can agree that’s a good can to open and I’m not disagreeing that it", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00690-00241132-00241601": "wouldn’t be a good can to open because maybe that will lead to the next version of the", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00691-00241601-00242076": "data that the community vets as being the very best ever.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00692-00242076-00242176": "Right?", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00693-00242176-00242759": "But I think that these are different issues and we need to consider them all, and the", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00694-00242759-00243415": "points for building what it takes to get them in succession.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00695-00243415-00243888": "But I’m agreeing with Gonzalo in the sense that the beginning was very different than", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00696-00243888-00244011": "the end of this presentation.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00697-00244011-00244130": "Male Speaker: Thanks.", "hhWsuCfIbRo-00698-00244130-00244329": "Male Speaker: Great, thank you."}}, {"audio_id": "hi5aGmtkKaM", "text": {"hi5aGmtkKaM-00000-00000016-00000376": "hello everyone my name is jerry br and welcome back to final fantasy", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00001-00000463-00001240": "so we have rested up um i just stocked up on a ton of items so we are ready to head to the final", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00002-00001320-00002048": "area and i could walk here but i would like to make sure i am as", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00003-00002448-00002984": "as fully healed up as possible", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00004-00003232-00003760": "but i guess we're gonna do one fight where we just murder a bag of goblins", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00005-00003992-00004384": "who do one damage to us", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00006-00004944-00005096": "yep thanks goblins", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00007-00005520-00006136": "all right i just wanna see so is there something i", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00008-00006336-00007184": "just missing in here no is it in this room oh five bats", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00009-00007568-00007912": "they're the people that the leuphenias sent to fight", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00010-00008080-00008536": "i should have talked to them but flow of time surges and space begins to warp", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00011-00008536-00008784": "just one step forward and you will travel back 2000 years in time", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00012-00009632-00009984": "oh i was gonna try to talk to the bats but i guess we're not", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00013-00010432-00010480": "all right", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00014-00010816-00011416": "so", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00015-00011416-00011728": "curious okay oh white dragons", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00016-00012072-00012392": "why do you have white dragons in your chaos", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00017-00012392-00012944": "run i guess that makes sense it's full of chaos we can have white dragons", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00018-00013256-00014208": "unfortunately they do have yellow eyes not blue", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00019-00014208-00014288": "an ice storm", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00020-00014928-00015584": "oh 1208 that's a lot of damage", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00021-00015736-00016456": "i think that's the most damage i've ever done in one attack oh you guys again can", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00022-00016512-00017112": "does your magic like hurt them enough because i don't want to waste rico's magic", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00023-00017976-00018384": "not quite", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00024-00019256-00019784": "i'm that's a little weak", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00025-00020648-00021472": "i was thinking they could easily take out everyone with one hit each but i guess i was wrong", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00026-00021664-00021984": "all right so what is downstairs", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00027-00022432-00022584": "medusalos", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00028-00023848-00023984": "wow", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00029-00025072-00025384": "so", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00030-00025616-00025632": "i", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00031-00025976-00026783": "i don't think this room well first off this room does not lead anywhere", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00032-00026944-00027448": "so it kind of makes me wonder if i should be here or not but", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00033-00027656-00027824": "let's just do a quick sprint in", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00034-00028064-00028183": "see", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00035-00028808-00029527": "i like the fighting one enemy is this the thing no are these things", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00036-00029527-00029872": "no all right so i think we were supposed to go up", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00037-00030080-00030183": "not down", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00038-00030656-00030983": "but how would i know", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00039-00032688-00032736": "remedy", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00040-00033192-00033784": "all right so let's head to the other side", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00041-00034816-00035184": "i wish i could speed up these fights for me", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00042-00037840-00038384": "wait wait i still have spell slots that i never got to fill where do i find an eighth level spell", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00043-00038568-00038720": "or did i just not buy them because", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00044-00038960-00039056": "i didn't have the money", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00045-00039336-00040472": "oh man i have spells ah there's more spells i could have dang it i guess i can't travel back", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00046-00040472-00041304": "to the future oh well this is kind of an easy room if i just want to skip it and go straight on up", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00047-00041824-00042728": "actually i guess i can't even go can't even leave this room a dragon zombie and a two vampire lords", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00048-00042952-00043584": "yeah okay thanks game uh we'll try a diary", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00049-00044440-00044984": "pick up any of the survivors", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00050-00045624-00046384": "yeah good", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00051-00047128-00047784": "uh what's the map look like for here", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00052-00048040-00048328": "okay so just one big room in the middle", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00053-00048528-00049360": "i guess i can handle that it means morgan will be leveling up maybe after this fight", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00054-00049544-00050240": "um are you strong i fought some deaf eyes before they yeah they weren't", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00055-00050240-00051248": "strong one experience to share i feel like that was a trap wait", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00056-00051567-00052208": "please tell me that my four people do not somehow get transformed into the", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00057-00052208-00052752": "evil things that i had to defeat thereby history repeating itself", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00058-00053152-00053472": "see that's the problem with tiny whimey stuff", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00059-00053791-00053904": "you run the risk of", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00060-00054248-00054816": "becoming the evil in the end what can't cast protect that's lame", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00061-00055000-00055144": "that's what i think of your protect", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00062-00055936-00056184": "who uses defensive bells", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00063-00058328-00058367": "all right", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00064-00058576-00059152": "i should have figured i would be on the wrong side of this all right what's it say or do", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00065-00059704-00060384": "playing this little loop solo that we got from the princess", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00066-00060672-00060800": "all right a ladder", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00067-00061367-00062064": "all right so where do we go from here we can go a room to the left a room to the right", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00068-00062304-00062367": "a room", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00069-00062584-00063184": "all right so there's four rooms and a step down", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00070-00063576-00063872": "all right wait so", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00071-00064191-00064816": "is this the same as that other room we were in the floor we were just on", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00072-00065167-00065984": "i don't know what things in the back are but um", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00073-00066096-00067384": "sometimes i brought big spells", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00074-00068312-00068352": "all right", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00075-00068600-00069208": "there's a lot of experience morgan got to level up i'm glad when my people get more health", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00076-00069344-00070184": "like that's the big thing i want to see for them", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00077-00070336-00071584": "all right now let's see where this leads to cash shrine first floor", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00078-00071784-00072984": "i did i went up the bottom one right what maps", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00079-00073056-00073080": "so", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00080-00073520-00074096": "now if i go through these different ones will they be will they have enemies", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00081-00074304-00075200": "okay i can't go this way all right let's see if this is this i was here before", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00082-00075352-00076048": "before i was inside that room so i guess now i can go over there and go down further", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00083-00076152-00076432": "i don't know i'm kind of lost on this whole", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00084-00076560-00077400": "shrine layout and why i went three floors up to now be going three floors down", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00085-00077632-00078088": "but i guess we'll figure out when we get around to that other room hopefully", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00086-00078176-00078816": "hopefully everything starts to come together and makes sense i was gonna head into this room", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00087-00078816-00079504": "why still well but all right there's nothing in that room but then i saw this yellow orb", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00088-00079656-00079984": "and that makes me feel like i'm heading in the right direction", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00089-00080104-00081384": "makes me feel like i'm gonna have to fight was yellow earth yeah because wind was green", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00090-00081592-00082824": "what was the earth one was it the light glitch now are you just as strong as before", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00091-00082824-00083432": "and i think you're stronger if i had to wager a guest i think he's stronger", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00092-00083808-00084184": "uh he's like what is he", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00093-00084536-00084672": "first you're um", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00094-00084928-00085584": "let me just do this real quick i should have saved before this fight but i guess you live and die", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00095-00088000-00088568": "i can't believe i could have had better black magic spells", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00096-00089152-00089784": "how much health do you have because being one person down", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00097-00089912-00090160": "it's not oh you're back", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00098-00090992-00091392": "yeah because you're the only actually i haven't seen any other undead", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00099-00091392-00091840": "enemies in here so i might be fine using all these", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00100-00092056-00092584": "i might be fine using all these diagonals on him", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00101-00093336-00093568": "okay there we go good", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00102-00093848-00094560": "so that's one of the fiends defeated oh yeah i guess if i have to fight the fiends i", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00103-00094560-00095384": "can't become i probably can't become them oh there's the fire one i just gotta run", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00104-00095648-00095680": "um", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00105-00096168-00096808": "okay i just have to run up into this room and out into that room and around all right so", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00106-00096808-00097168": "we'll clip back whenever i can make more of that loop", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00107-00097272-00098296": "all right made it around to this fire orb i forgot to heal that's not a great sign um", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00108-00098512-00098904": "all right uh yeah you just cast like a hilaga on the party", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00109-00099376-00100984": "uh please don't hurt there's no way it does 200 damage so yeah", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00110-00101168-00101432": "i'm sorry it's gross", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00111-00101688-00101712": "um", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00112-00101968-00102064": "do i need another one", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00113-00102272-00102792": "no it's just my main my serene whatever his name is needs help", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00114-00103311-00103783": "then back down", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00115-00104832-00105183": "oh i thought he was stunned", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00116-00105264-00105528": "um nice holy", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00117-00106144-00106680": "hope i don't use all my attacks so this is the second boss", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00118-00106776-00107200": "which means there's two more fiends and then probably a final boss", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00119-00107528-00108008": "but i did stock up on supplies", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00120-00108008-00108128": "i should be fine", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00121-00108352-00108896": "in that i can heal up their mp through items", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00122-00109783-00110783": "man still not dead there", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00123-00111128-00111424": "2000 that's hardly anything", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00124-00111744-00112183": "all right so i have to come in here", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00125-00112992-00113711": "so i guess one of these rooms probably has steps in it or maybe these side room", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00126-00113776-00114432": "these ones that's it's like an e and a reverse e maybe they're all one big open room i can go to", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00127-00114496-00114872": "all right so we've made it to the blue orb at the opposite end of the map", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00128-00114872-00115720": "there wasn't really anything between the start and the end here so um let's see just a normal attack", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00129-00115888-00116383": "uh you could cast a weak thunder but just do the attack thing", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00130-00117528-00117920": "i guess just drop a protect and maybe invisibility", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00131-00118272-00118383": "and then thundaga", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00132-00118911-00119183": "yeah i don't really know what that blinding does", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00133-00119864-00119935": "348.", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00134-00120176-00120480": "um it's thinking people living", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00135-00120568-00121040": "darkness on him is darkness no that's silence where you can't cast magic", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00136-00121464-00121983": "i wonder i don't i want maybe it lowers accuracy", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00137-00122280-00122320": "all right", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00138-00123032-00123383": "actually yeah everything's the same", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00139-00123576-00124783": "see i thought for a second he could cast thunder and i thought no that's dumb", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00140-00125216-00125416": "why would a water one cast thunder", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00141-00126072-00126344": "and also be weak to thunder it seems", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00142-00126928-00127248": "oh so she can miss", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00143-00127488-00128128": "does that evasion boost people dodging that attack because that's dumb", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00144-00128335-00129048": "uh do i have like a heel longer is anyone no one really needs that much health", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00145-00129183-00130383": "so i guess just yeah throw an attack and another thunder gun oh for what what happened 464.", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00146-00130488-00131072": "how okay he's dead and i forgot protect looks was the other thing i could have done", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00147-00131400-00131784": "but that's the kraken defeated", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00148-00132056-00132472": "so now i just gotta get over there oh that's not bad", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00149-00132472-00132800": "but i'm guessing there's treasures hidden all throughout", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00150-00133096-00133784": "i guess actually none of these are rooms it's just that one made it to the earth earth no air", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00151-00133864-00134584": "green means air uh feels like we just fought you", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00152-00135232-00135368": "yeah do that to him", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00153-00135800-00135984": "do i still have police oh i do", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00154-00136184-00137160": "all right so if he get there i should remember what kind of damage he does but i don't so i'm", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00155-00137160-00138784": "just gonna keep going with our strongest spells he does do thunder does everyone just do thunder here", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00156-00139264-00139888": "all right um yeah so you're on attack see if you can slow him", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00157-00140064-00140824": "we're just going to do a null shot and a thunder right back at him see thunder kind of makes", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00158-00140920-00141584": "sense for it being the air just because that's where thunder and lightning comes from but", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00159-00141656-00142984": "but i think that's a stupid reasoning", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00160-00143824-00143984": "damage or hell", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00161-00144264-00144600": "everyone doesn't need that much health", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00162-00144600-00145784": "yet oh we're out of thunders so we're going down to fire goes", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00163-00146280-00146736": "because he can do 200 damage he did 207 to my sarin", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00164-00147024-00147288": "which just means he could entirely do that again", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00165-00147744-00148368": "oh 1045 holy [ __ ]", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00166-00148368-00148584": "yeah i'm gonna need the heel now", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00167-00148912-00149160": "i think i'll have morgan just use an item instead of", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00168-00149536-00150064": "taking from my um white mage", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00169-00150632-00151384": "all right three more holies that should be", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00170-00152752-00154232": "come on he's gotta be getting close between saren and glitz's attacks", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00171-00154232-00155584": "try to slow him down", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00172-00155960-00156568": "i wish these enemies had health bars oh it actually worked", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00173-00156768-00157048": "huh okay", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00174-00157800-00158384": "all right and another high potion for yourself for that great display", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00175-00158688-00158728": "all right", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00176-00159152-00159232": "paralyze him", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00177-00159464-00159816": "something tells me there's no way a paralyzed would work", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00178-00160144-00160632": "all right and after this glitz is going to be on the healing side oh never mind", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00179-00160816-00161184": "that was a little too close though", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00180-00161800-00162016": "i wish it gave more than two thousand experience", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00181-00162384-00162912": "all right what's the map look like big oval with one large room", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00182-00163080-00163800": "so i believe this is our final fight i'm fully healed i used up all my health all", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00183-00163800-00164680": "my mp is restored i had 50 ethers others um so i could have healed up before that last fight and", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00184-00164760-00165456": "used some high level spells but do you remember me i was once the most renowned night of cornelia", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00185-00165792-00166520": "you're that guy i killed 2000 years from now you killed me i am garland oh you did defeat me then", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00186-00166584-00166912": "the four great forces saved me by sending me back through time", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00187-00167080-00167576": "once here i sent the four fiends into the future where they shall once again use the four great", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00188-00167576-00168200": "forces to send me into the past it's brilliant two thousand years i will remember none of this", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00189-00168536-00168640": "i mean ooh", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00190-00169136-00169936": "nice transform but i will be reborn again here so even as you die again and again i shall return", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00191-00170048-00170296": "born again into this endless cycle that i have created", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00192-00170560-00171248": "so if i kill you here do i win or do we lose i'm not entirely sure", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00193-00172064-00172384": "try to figure out how i want to proceed", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00194-00172680-00172880": "you stick to what you're good at um", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00195-00173288-00173392": "you get hastened", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00196-00173616-00173952": "you do some evasion and", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00197-00174544-00175184": "try to slow him down oh 288 that hurts", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00198-00175784-00176656": "i feel like i have some mp attacks that i've forgotten oh [ __ ]", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00199-00176656-00177984": "do cast slow on him then", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00200-00178064-00179384": "cyclone everyone gets 200 damage thanks", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00201-00179968-00180784": "all right attack um yeah you're focusing on slowing him down", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00202-00181104-00181312": "yeah i need 200 health on everyone", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00203-00181936-00183584": "which i think that is about how much that will do oh 404 it's an error", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00204-00184328-00184984": "drop some holy damage", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00205-00185280-00186384": "oh", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00206-00186688-00187784": "god i wish i could hit him with just one of these if that's even possible", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00207-00188016-00188232": "um i need a another big heel", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00208-00188536-00188696": "i probably should have done it this turn", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00209-00188912-00189400": "because if he hits rico again he might not survive", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00210-00190560-00191296": "oh [ __ ] don't haste yourself maybe slow will cancel it out oh did i tell him to just attack", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00211-00191784-00192056": "well at least he went for that instead of killing someone", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00212-00192616-00192744": "oh i was out of slows", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00213-00193144-00193384": "there was evasion of all enemies", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00214-00194720-00194912": "yeah we gotta go damage happy", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00215-00195696-00196184": "okay that's not bad", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00216-00197800-00197952": "did you haste yourself up", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00217-00198464-00199240": "okay yeah then you go into attack mode you're going into just a regular heal i think", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00218-00199480-00199848": "no do a cure on him", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00219-00200296-00200616": "all right so this will be my seventh turn it looks like", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00220-00201280-00201784": "because rico's only been doing blizzaga every round", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00221-00202520-00203296": "so hold on he will be keeping track of how many attacks oh and i did a", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00222-00203296-00203728": "slow yeah so i'm up to eight attacks here's number nine", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00223-00204336-00205119": "all right i went for a good move on blitz so they're doing 500 in attack he's doing about", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00224-00205119-00206200": "200 in magic so 700 damage a turn it's not bad and this one since we just healed we do some hole", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00225-00206584-00206800": "oh no not flare that hurts doesn't it", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00226-00207016-00207552": "cool 776 though that's nice", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00227-00208536-00209040": "all right uh no not that use an item um", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00228-00209352-00209736": "yeah use that on yourself she'll come in with a helaga", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00229-00209976-00210448": "all right so we're out of blizzard so we're down to thundaga oh", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00230-00210528-00211584": "[ __ ] and since he got knocked out he loses all of his buffs", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00231-00211767-00212096": "uh phoenix down and this only revives him with one health", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00232-00212616-00212984": "shoot shoot that puts us in a very bad way", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00233-00213528-00214384": "yeah and of course she did that after phoenix down or before the phoenix down got used", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00234-00215519-00215784": "the thief's the quickest", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00235-00216040-00216056": "so", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00236-00216271-00217016": "you're going to focus on attacking you're going to give an ex potion to saren", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00237-00217167-00217328": "you're going to do another hilaga", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00238-00217560-00218096": "yeah it's anything to get health to saren", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00239-00218744-00218992": "oh and he's gonna waste x potion on himself", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00240-00219304-00219984": "and rico do a little bit of damage oh why", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00241-00220040-00220392": "oh my god i knew i was forgetting someone was about to die", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00242-00220688-00220976": "oh my god the double kill", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00243-00221271-00222160": "i don't know how the hell i'm supposed to be able to do this i personally oh you stupid [ __ ]", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00244-00222160-00222784": "uh", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00245-00222976-00223552": "well that so serene still alive except two of our people are in terrible shape", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00246-00223912-00224680": "oh my god you and your [ __ ] instant kill necessarily what i need oh [ __ ]", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00247-00224680-00225008": "oh [ __ ]", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00248-00225008-00225088": "that's what i figured", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00249-00225328-00225584": "well if you guys really want to switch turns i guess", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00250-00225784-00225967": "i'll assume you're going to switch turns again", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00251-00226248-00226400": "oh look you did", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00252-00226792-00227192": "i don't understand why sometimes someone's quicker than another", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00253-00227544-00228384": "oh please don't [ __ ] me", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00254-00228456-00228576": "oh yeah oh well", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00255-00228832-00228944": "lost two of them there", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00256-00229216-00229784": "do you have any like insta kill", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00257-00230119-00231184": "i'm giving up on this there's he has such a lead i don't know what to do", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00258-00231656-00232584": "i know like there's almost no way that these would work but i'm hoping it's just super slim odds", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00259-00232744-00233008": "yeah yep that's what i figured party is defeated", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00260-00233816-00234471": "i don't know if i want to start in the camp i both i want to start in the chaos", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00261-00234696-00234936": "i'm going to see if i can leave the chaos shrine", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00262-00235152-00235944": "because i can't was this the final fight yeah because i don't know it's just not working", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00263-00235944-00236360": "so thank you guys so much for watching i guess we'll have to", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00264-00236592-00238184": "wrap this up in another episode as always i will see you in the next episode bye-bye", "hi5aGmtkKaM-00265-00239456-00239464": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "hioxVyQF_ic", "text": {"hioxVyQF_ic-00000-00000000-00000372": "[MUSIC PLAYING]", "hioxVyQF_ic-00001-00000372-00000440": "Hi.", "hioxVyQF_ic-00002-00000440-00000801": "I Actually have a special guest here.", "hioxVyQF_ic-00003-00000801-00000942": "It's Dean Mason.", "hioxVyQF_ic-00004-00000942-00001309": "And I just wanted to let you know that guess what?", "hioxVyQF_ic-00005-00001309-00001578": "You won.", "hioxVyQF_ic-00006-00001578-00001817": "You're a winner.", "hioxVyQF_ic-00007-00001817-00001867": "Yeah.", "hioxVyQF_ic-00008-00001867-00002202": "[MUSIC PLAYING]"}}, {"audio_id": "hiPpWf4NxKM", "text": {"hiPpWf4NxKM-00000-00001150-00001230": "My name is Matthew Liu,", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00001-00001230-00001500": "I'm co-founder of Origin Protocol", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00002-00001550-00001880": "Here Origin, we're building protocols that enable the sharing economy to lead to the blockchain", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00003-00001900-00002493": "so think about how companies like Airbnb get around Elance and even", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00004-00002493-00002913": "uber can move to the blockchain in the future so we're building a platform that", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00005-00002913-00003351": "enables other businesses and developers to very quickly create decentralized", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00006-00003351-00004712": "marketplaces we're building a developer platform that will make it very very", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00007-00004712-00005277": "easy for other businesses that build on top of the blockchain so to do this one", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00008-00005277-00005625": "of the first things we're building is a very easy to use JavaScript library", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00009-00005625-00006203": "called origin j/s and this is a way for developers and businesses to use some", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00010-00006203-00006663": "very basic JavaScript functions and then we do all the heavy lifting for the", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00011-00006663-00007143": "ethereum blockchain as well as ipfs which we're using for distributed file", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00012-00007143-00007904": "storage so what happens is we store your listing information on the blockchain as", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00013-00007904-00008465": "well as on ipfs and then we're able to build a completely decentralized app for", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00014-00008465-00008850": "you which means that there's no traditional database there's no", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00015-00008850-00009303": "traditional web server there's no AWS or Heroku and so these", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00016-00009303-00009650": "peer-to-peer marketplaces that developers want to build can actually be", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00017-00009650-00010857": "completely decentralized using our technology in their platform if you look", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00018-00010857-00011264": "at a lot of these marketplaces they take transaction fees all right so these", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00019-00011264-00011820": "middlemen will say if your Airbnb listing is you know $200 they'll take", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00020-00011820-00012324": "money on both the buyer side and on the supplier side so adding that up that", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00021-00012324-00012746": "might be 16% in some cases in another case it might be 20% you look at", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00022-00012746-00013187": "something like uber they take 25% of the drivers", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00023-00013187-00013550": "that they captured from every ride on top of that there are also extraneous", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00024-00013550-00014081": "fees adding them all up in some cases is over 30% so what we're trying to do is", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00025-00014081-00014525": "enable a peer-to-peer transactions so that the buyer and seller can meet and", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00026-00014525-00014822": "they can find that efficient price where both of them are better off than they", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00027-00014822-00015166": "were if they were transacting on one of these traditional centralized", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00028-00015166-00016456": "marketplaces I've always been an entrepreneur at heart so when I joined", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00029-00016456-00016916": "YouTube is a very small companies around 25 employees or so and so really enjoy", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00030-00016916-00017294": "that fast-paced environment where we can build things very quickly and innovate", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00031-00017294-00017707": "so I've always been drawn to the smaller companies actually as opposed to the", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00032-00017707-00018112": "larger companies and also with quickie and bonobos were also startups when I", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00033-00018112-00018506": "was part of those companies all three companies were eventually acquired which", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00034-00018506-00019043": "is a great outcome but ultimately I want to be able to you know build things as", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00035-00019043-00019387": "an entrepreneur and have a lot of deep impact on the world", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00036-00019387-00020003": "specifically to blockchain and cryptocurrency we started looking at the", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00037-00020003-00020537": "space in 2016 and as the community really started maturing as the tech", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00038-00020537-00020945": "started maturing we started seeing more more opportunities and so we asked", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00039-00020945-00021487": "ourselves what is decentralized technology like the blockchain actually", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00040-00021487-00022025": "good for and what we really focused on was these peer-to-peer marketplaces", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00041-00022025-00022560": "right so the networks that have multiple participants if you can actually", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00042-00022560-00022945": "decentralize and actually have puter peer interactions then it really changes", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00043-00022945-00023320": "the nature of those interactions right and in this case those interactions are", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00044-00023320-00023737": "transactions and so we can fundamentally change the way that buyers and sellers", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00045-00023737-00024241": "meets communicate and then transact and it also creates a huge disruption in", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00046-00024241-00024639": "these traditional business the sharing economy is growing globally", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00047-00024639-00025267": "and the amount of revenue that companies like uber and airbnb even smaller", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00048-00025267-00025879": "companies like Fiverr or post mates you know regional companies like dd grab Oh", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00049-00025879-00026356": "fo they take quite significant revenues in the form of the transaction fees and", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00050-00026356-00026881": "so we really honed in on this concept of hey can we disrupt these traditional", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00051-00026881-00027310": "centralized intermediaries and in process of doing so give back to", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00052-00027310-00027637": "individual buyers and sellers and so that's a very motivating mission for us", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00053-00027637-00028963": "and that's how we started building origin we are building a platform and as", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00054-00028963-00029437": "a result we are looking for partners you know different businesses to be building", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00055-00029437-00029830": "on top of our platform right platform is not a platform unless you actually have", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00056-00029830-00030205": "other projects building on top of you so we're very very aggressively looking to", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00057-00030205-00030718": "partner with other companies in the space right now we do have about 15", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00058-00030718-00031041": "companies that have already committed to building on top of origin when we're", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00059-00031041-00031605": "ready to launch these are many of them decentralized marketplaces in this new", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00060-00031605-00032251": "economy so as an example we have betoken they're working on a decentralized", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00061-00032251-00032785": "Airbnb out of San Francisco we have Kenya which is similar to a", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00062-00032785-00033382": "decentralized Fiber out of Australia we have a number of other companies like", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00063-00033382-00033972": "Odom's education marketplace we have Chaser which is an early attempt at", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00064-00033972-00034405": "building a decentralized uber for ride-sharing and the list goes on and on", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00065-00034405-00034803": "so all our ultimate goal is to very very aggressively push on the partnership", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00066-00034803-00035266": "fronts and try to get you know hundred partners or so ready to go by the time", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00067-00035266-00035671": "that we're ready to launch our platform but beyond that we don't actually want", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00068-00035671-00036066": "there to necessarily be a formal partnership agreement before developers", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00069-00036066-00036496": "can build on top of us so as I mentioned earlier we're building developer tools", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00070-00036496-00037015": "like Origin Jas that will eventually enable many different developers and", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00071-00037015-00037357": "businesses to go on top of the platform without actually having to sign a", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00072-00037357-00037612": "partnership agreement without needing her permission", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00073-00037612-00038050": "the whole point of this is that we can build an open scalable set of protocols", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00074-00038050-00038437": "that serve as the underlying infrastructure for many many different", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00075-00038437-00039706": "decentralized market places to build upon us yeah we haven't signed any South", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00076-00039706-00040195": "Korean partners yet to date we're very very interested in doing so so across", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00077-00040195-00040624": "all different verticals whether it's Home Sharing or car sharing or it could", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00078-00040624-00041113": "be contractor services or even things like you know there's contract", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00079-00041113-00041677": "photographers or you know designers and engineers all different types of", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00080-00041677-00042899": "categories we're looking for people to build on top of origin be very very", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00081-00042899-00043249": "interested in talking to some of these South Korean companies that are", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00082-00043249-00044383": "currently in the blockchain and cryptocurrency spaces we don't have", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00083-00044383-00044881": "anything to announce in terms of ICO or token soon right now we're very very", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00084-00044881-00045305": "focused on building out our technology and our platform we're very very focused", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00085-00045305-00045808": "on hiring the very best engineers and other team members onto our team and we", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00086-00045808-00046324": "are interested in building a very global community so we do invite folks in South", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00087-00046324-00046705": "Korea to join our telegram channel that's where we have a lot of discussion", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00088-00046705-00047290": "and announcements so origin protocol is the telegram channel name and from there", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00089-00047290-00047731": "we're looking to just really get the word out about our technology and our", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00090-00047731-00048286": "mission and then really just push forward and those fronts first again", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00091-00048286-00049540": "nothing to really announce about a token sailor I see oh I know so we ask", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00092-00049540-00049945": "ourselves this very very audacious question which is can we build the set", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00093-00049945-00050422": "of open-source protocols that will replace not one not two but potentially", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00094-00050422-00050832": "dozens of these multi million and even multi-billion dollar companies", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00095-00050832-00051516": "in the future so companies like Airbnb uber companies like didi and fo and", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00096-00051516-00052004": "grab-and-go Jack etc these companies are doing very very well today and they're", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00097-00052004-00052377": "doing a fantastic job servicing consumers we envision a world", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00098-00052377-00052955": "where 10 years from now most if not all of these companies are decentralized and", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00099-00052955-00053295": "building on top of the origin protocol and on top of that there will be many", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00100-00053295-00053721": "more niche localized use cases and verticals that can also be built on top", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00101-00053721-00054129": "of our platform so we're really looking forward to having many many", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00102-00054129-00055430": "decentralized marketplaces in the future I want to thank everyone in the", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00103-00055430-00055899": "community for being a part of this journey you know as one of the founders", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00104-00055899-00056274": "of this project and you know speaking on behalf of many other founders I can say", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00105-00056274-00056664": "that the community is really really important right so folks that believe in", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00106-00056664-00057162": "the vision that's really engaged in discussion open-source developers that", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00107-00057162-00057633": "are contributing to our codebase people that are willing to help represent us at", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00108-00057633-00058067": "local meetups and get the word abouts are very ambitious long term vision this", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00109-00058067-00058515": "has been extremely helpful for us already in even our early existence as a", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00110-00058515-00058919": "company and as a project and we're really really excited about delivering", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00111-00058919-00059412": "upon our milestones and again really really engaging with the community here", "hiPpWf4NxKM-00112-00059412-00059972": "in South Korea over the next months and certainly the next few years"}}, {"audio_id": "hjfHJzuTeBo", "text": {"hjfHJzuTeBo-00000-00000117-00000877": "We'll pick up here directly where we left off.", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00001-00000877-00001550": "Which is that we are trying to use the fundamental theorem", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00002-00001550-00002077": "to take a definite integral,", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00003-00002077-00002565": "and computing the indefinite integral,", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00004-00002565-00002882": "computing the antiderivatives,", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00005-00002882-00003559": "requires u-substitution", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00006-00003559-00004619": "There are essentially two ways of handling this,", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00007-00004619-00005394": "which I'll call \"Method 1\" and \"Method 2.\"", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00008-00005394-00008500": "So, Method 1 I'll state as follows: do the u-substitution", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00009-00008500-00009103": "to find the antiderivative,", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00010-00009103-00011142": "then convert back to x.", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00011-00011142-00011974": "Demonstrating this via an example", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00012-00011974-00012438": "we are trying to compute", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00013-00012438-00013587": "this definite integral;", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00014-00013587-00014184": "and to do so we need antiderivatives,", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00015-00014184-00014854": "so let's go down here and ...", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00016-00014854-00015427": "that's very much not what I wanted to write ...", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00017-00015427-00016165": "let's compute the indefinite integral", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00018-00016165-00017493": "of 3x-squared times the sine of x cubed dx", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00019-00017493-00018342": "And we already did this step in a previous video,", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00020-00018342-00018762": "but if you haven't watched that,", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00021-00018762-00019103": "u will be the inside function,", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00022-00019103-00019825": "du is 3x squared dx,", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00023-00019825-00021138": "we can convert everything into u,", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00024-00021138-00022018": "the antiderivative of the sine is the negative cosine,", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00025-00022018-00022717": "and then we convert back to x,", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00026-00022717-00023282": "the negative cosine of u which is x cubed", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00027-00023282-00024502": "and  now that we have the antiderivatives", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00028-00024502-00025991": "we can use the fundamental theorem", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00029-00025991-00026317": "Remember that when we use the fundamental theorem", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00030-00026317-00027010": "we don't bother with the constant.", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00031-00027010-00027863": "So the cosine of (pi cubed) .... that's not something", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00032-00027863-00028294": "that we know, we'll just write it down,", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00033-00028294-00029033": "I mean it's not, like, an angle whose cosine we've memorized", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00034-00029033-00029600": "minus negative the cosine of (zero cubed)", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00035-00029600-00030676": "is the cosine of zero which is one", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00036-00030676-00031292": "and we could get a decimal approximation of this", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00037-00031292-00032117": "if we wanted one.", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00038-00032117-00032591": "This probably, at least I certainly hope so,", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00039-00032591-00033234": "seemed like a natural way of going about the problem;", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00040-00033234-00033881": "and if you want to do it this way that's certainly fine by me.", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00041-00033881-00034343": "It's not really how the textbook presents it", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00042-00034343-00034916": "or how most textbooks present it,", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00043-00034916-00035848": "the way most textbooks present it is", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00044-00035848-00036522": "what I'll call Method 2,", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00045-00036522-00038433": "is to change the limits of integration.", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00046-00038433-00038826": "and what could I mean by that?", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00047-00038826-00039202": "We'll find out shortly.", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00048-00039202-00039953": "Let's attack this same problem a second time;", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00049-00039953-00040460": "the integral from zero to pi", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00050-00040460-00042247": "of three  x squared times the sine of (x cubed) dx", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00051-00042247-00042934": "We need an antiderivative if we're to use the fundamental theorem,", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00052-00042934-00043545": "and once again this is a u substitution type of integral,", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00053-00043545-00044155": "we've got composition and this inside function", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00054-00044155-00044792": "has a derivative that then appears,", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00055-00044792-00045904": "u equals (x cubed) du equals (three x squared) dx", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00056-00045904-00047968": "Let's rewrite all of this in terms of u,", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00057-00047968-00048828": "the sine of u du", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00058-00048828-00049100": "And let's write the limits of integration.", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00059-00049100-00049525": "Here, this is a definite integral,", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00060-00049525-00049999": "this needs to be a definite integral,", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00061-00049999-00050446": "and the way we think of this is as follows:", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00062-00050446-00051378": "Limits of integration match our variables.", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00063-00051378-00051991": "If our variable is x and we're integrating with respect to x,", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00064-00051991-00052723": "then x is going from zero to pi", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00065-00052723-00053491": "If our variable is u and we're integrating with respect to u,", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00066-00053491-00054412": "u is going from something to something.", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00067-00054412-00055154": "From what to what? Well, u equals (x cubed),", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00068-00055154-00056351": "so when x equals zero, u is (zero cubed) or zero", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00069-00056351-00058348": "and when x equals pi, u is (pi cubed)", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00070-00058348-00058664": "The antiderivative of the sine...", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00071-00058664-00059410": "and you see we're not converting back to x's now ...", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00072-00059410-00059902": "this is a definite integral; we can just take it,", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00073-00059902-00060658": "the antiderivative of the sine is the negative cosine", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00074-00060658-00061454": "we are evaluating from zero to (pi cubed)", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00075-00061454-00062411": "so the negative cosine of (pi cubed) minus", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00076-00062411-00062829": "the negative cosine of zero,", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00077-00062829-00063735": "or negative minus one, so plus one.", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00078-00063735-00064601": "And of course whichever method we use,", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00079-00064601-00065216": "if they're both valid ways of approaching the problem,", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00080-00065216-00065576": "we'd better get the same answer,", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00081-00065576-00066348": "which indeed we do.", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00082-00066348-00066606": "It's my experience I guess,", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00083-00066606-00067189": "that calculus textbooks really try", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00084-00067189-00067650": "to get their students to do this,", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00085-00067650-00068249": "but that students very much prefer", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00086-00068249-00068697": "to approach these problems this way.", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00087-00068697-00069211": "I'm not going to push you in one direction", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00088-00069211-00069625": "or the other; you get the correct answer", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00089-00069625-00070249": "whichever of these two ways of thinking", "hjfHJzuTeBo-00090-00070249-00070444": "you embrace."}}, {"audio_id": "hjeK2YEGwio", "text": {"hjeK2YEGwio-00000-00000799-00001642": "Nothing on a table, nothing Nothing on a table, nothing", "hjeK2YEGwio-00001-00001642-00001742": "Nothing, nothing!", "hjeK2YEGwio-00002-00001742-00001903": "Nothing on a table Nothing...", "hjeK2YEGwio-00003-00001903-00002657": "One apple on a table, one One apple on a table, one", "hjeK2YEGwio-00004-00002657-00003364": "One apple, one apple One apple on a table", "hjeK2YEGwio-00005-00003364-00003503": "One!", "hjeK2YEGwio-00006-00003503-00004313": "Two apples on a table, two Two apples on a table, two", "hjeK2YEGwio-00007-00004313-00004964": "Two apples, two apples Two apples on a table", "hjeK2YEGwio-00008-00004964-00005388": "One, Two!", "hjeK2YEGwio-00009-00005388-00006050": "Three apples on table, three Three apples on table, three", "hjeK2YEGwio-00010-00006050-00006761": "Three apples, three apples Three apples on a table", "hjeK2YEGwio-00011-00006761-00007397": "One, Two, Three!", "hjeK2YEGwio-00012-00007397-00008218": "Four apples on a table, four Four apples on a table, four", "hjeK2YEGwio-00013-00008218-00008764": "Four apples, four apples Four apples on a table", "hjeK2YEGwio-00014-00008764-00009452": "One, Two, Three, Four!", "hjeK2YEGwio-00015-00009452-00010365": "Five apples on a table, five Five apples on a table, five", "hjeK2YEGwio-00016-00010365-00010963": "Five apples, five apples, Five apples on a table", "hjeK2YEGwio-00017-00010963-00011496": "One, Two, Three, Four, Five!", "hjeK2YEGwio-00018-00011496-00012713": "Six apples on a table, six Six apples on a table, six", "hjeK2YEGwio-00019-00012713-00013365": "Six apples, six apples Six apples on a table", "hjeK2YEGwio-00020-00013365-00014206": "One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six!", "hjeK2YEGwio-00021-00014206-00015242": "Seven apples one a table, seven Seven apples one a table, seven", "hjeK2YEGwio-00022-00015242-00016219": "Seven apples, seven apples Seven apples one a table, seven", "hjeK2YEGwio-00023-00016219-00017382": "One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven!", "hjeK2YEGwio-00024-00017382-00018435": "Eight apples on a table, eight Eight apples on a table, eight", "hjeK2YEGwio-00025-00018435-00019052": "Eight apples, eight apples Eight apples on a table", "hjeK2YEGwio-00026-00019052-00020386": "One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven, Eight!", "hjeK2YEGwio-00027-00020386-00021038": "Nine apples on a table, nine Nine apples on a table, nine", "hjeK2YEGwio-00028-00021038-00021763": "Nine apples, nine apples Nine apples on a table", "hjeK2YEGwio-00029-00021763-00022332": "One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven, Eight, Nine!", "hjeK2YEGwio-00030-00022332-00023458": "Ten apples", "hjeK2YEGwio-00031-00023458-00024251": "on a table, ten Ten apples on a table, ten", "hjeK2YEGwio-00032-00024251-00024965": "Ten apples, ten apples Ten apples on a table", "hjeK2YEGwio-00033-00024965-00026643": "One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven, Eight, Nine, Ten!", "hjeK2YEGwio-00034-00026643-00027639": "Nine apples on a table, nine Nine apples on a table, nine", "hjeK2YEGwio-00035-00027639-00028362": "Nine apples, nine apples Nine apples on a table", "hjeK2YEGwio-00036-00028362-00029662": "One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven, Eight, Nine!", "hjeK2YEGwio-00037-00029662-00030550": "Eight  apples on a table, eight", "hjeK2YEGwio-00038-00030550-00031375": "Eight apples on a table, eight Eight apples, eight apples", "hjeK2YEGwio-00039-00031375-00032778": "Eight apples on a table One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven, Eight!", "hjeK2YEGwio-00040-00032778-00034106": "Seven apples one a table, seven Seven apples one a table, seven", "hjeK2YEGwio-00041-00034106-00034990": "Seven apples, seven apples Seven apples one a table, seven", "hjeK2YEGwio-00042-00034990-00036056": "One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven!", "hjeK2YEGwio-00043-00036056-00036972": "Six apples on a table, six Six apples on a table, six", "hjeK2YEGwio-00044-00036972-00037849": "Six apples, six apples Six apples on a table", "hjeK2YEGwio-00045-00037849-00038441": "One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six!", "hjeK2YEGwio-00046-00038441-00039565": "Five apples on a table, five Five apples on a table, five", "hjeK2YEGwio-00047-00039565-00040162": "Five apples, five apples, Five apples on a table", "hjeK2YEGwio-00048-00040162-00041199": "One, Two, Three, Four, Five!", "hjeK2YEGwio-00049-00041199-00042021": "Four apples on a table, four Four apples on a table, four", "hjeK2YEGwio-00050-00042021-00042566": "Four apples, four apples Four apples on a table", "hjeK2YEGwio-00051-00042566-00043390": "One, Two, Three, Four!", "hjeK2YEGwio-00052-00043390-00044212": "Three apples on table, three Three apples on table, three", "hjeK2YEGwio-00053-00044212-00044763": "Three apples, three apples Three apples on a table", "hjeK2YEGwio-00054-00044763-00045274": "One, Two, Three!", "hjeK2YEGwio-00055-00045274-00046113": "Two apples on a table, two Two apples on a table, two", "hjeK2YEGwio-00056-00046113-00046765": "Two apples, two apples Two apples on a table", "hjeK2YEGwio-00057-00046765-00046913": "One, Two!", "hjeK2YEGwio-00058-00046913-00047600": "One apple on a table, one One apple on a table, one", "hjeK2YEGwio-00059-00047600-00048966": "One apple, one apple One apple on a table", "hjeK2YEGwio-00060-00048966-00049202": "One!", "hjeK2YEGwio-00061-00049202-00050045": "Nothing on a table, nothing Nothing on a table, nothing", "hjeK2YEGwio-00062-00050045-00050247": "Nothing, nothing!", "hjeK2YEGwio-00063-00050247-00050791": "Nothing on a table Nothing..."}}, {"audio_id": "hjE21hKnDNI", "text": {"hjE21hKnDNI-00000-00000556-00000656": "Hello!", "hjE21hKnDNI-00001-00000656-00000819": "This is Jean Pesce from the Aiken County", "hjE21hKnDNI-00002-00000819-00000986": "Career & Technology Center.", "hjE21hKnDNI-00003-00000986-00001221": "I'm the Fashion Design teacher here", "hjE21hKnDNI-00004-00001221-00001474": "and I'd like to perform a little demonstration for you", "hjE21hKnDNI-00005-00001474-00001827": "on how to create darts for a garment.", "hjE21hKnDNI-00006-00001827-00002156": "The idea behind this is to control the fullness", "hjE21hKnDNI-00007-00002156-00002446": "if you are trying to make a flat piece of fabric", "hjE21hKnDNI-00008-00002446-00002613": "into something that is three dimensional.", "hjE21hKnDNI-00009-00002613-00002786": "The first thing you're going to do here is", "hjE21hKnDNI-00010-00002786-00002886": "prepare your form.", "hjE21hKnDNI-00011-00002886-00003141": "I'm using a head form here -", "hjE21hKnDNI-00012-00003141-00003301": "if you don't have a dress form this is something", "hjE21hKnDNI-00013-00003301-00003423": "that you could practice on.", "hjE21hKnDNI-00014-00003423-00003523": "It's a little bit easier", "hjE21hKnDNI-00015-00003523-00003658": "to come by.", "hjE21hKnDNI-00016-00003658-00003809": "You would want to mark off", "hjE21hKnDNI-00017-00003809-00004113": "the center of your head from front to back.", "hjE21hKnDNI-00018-00004113-00004598": "This way it would give you a guideline to go by.", "hjE21hKnDNI-00019-00004598-00004887": "This also has it's own guideline going across", "hjE21hKnDNI-00020-00004887-00005159": "the head this way but you could add another piece", "hjE21hKnDNI-00021-00005159-00005486": "of string or ribbon there if you wanted to.", "hjE21hKnDNI-00022-00005486-00005764": "I've also added a pin right at the top here", "hjE21hKnDNI-00023-00005764-00006021": "so I know where the two of them meet and I can", "hjE21hKnDNI-00024-00006021-00006178": "feel that through the fabric.", "hjE21hKnDNI-00025-00006178-00006291": "The next thing you want to do", "hjE21hKnDNI-00026-00006291-00006467": "is prepare your fabric.", "hjE21hKnDNI-00027-00006467-00006659": "OK, generally the easiest way", "hjE21hKnDNI-00028-00006659-00007006": "to get your grainlines straight is to tear the fabric.", "hjE21hKnDNI-00029-00007006-00007292": "That way you know that you're gonna have a definite", "hjE21hKnDNI-00030-00007292-00007437": "straight grain across.", "hjE21hKnDNI-00031-00007437-00007537": "This is the selvage here", "hjE21hKnDNI-00032-00007537-00007820": "so we do know that this edge is already straight.", "hjE21hKnDNI-00033-00007820-00008267": "And I've already cut this to be the right size for this.", "hjE21hKnDNI-00034-00008267-00008604": "I basically measured from the front down here to", "hjE21hKnDNI-00035-00008604-00008962": "about where the eyes are and all the way to the back.", "hjE21hKnDNI-00036-00008962-00009138": "So that's where I put this middle line here", "hjE21hKnDNI-00037-00009138-00009497": "for my cross-section.", "hjE21hKnDNI-00038-00009497-00009597": "The next step", "hjE21hKnDNI-00039-00009597-00009822": "is to take this and line it up with your form.", "hjE21hKnDNI-00040-00009822-00010099": "OK so you want to pin that cross-section", "hjE21hKnDNI-00041-00010099-00010304": "right at the top (pause)", "hjE21hKnDNI-00042-00010304-00010669": "where you can find that pin that I told you to put there", "hjE21hKnDNI-00043-00010669-00010800": "which makes it a little bit easier.", "hjE21hKnDNI-00044-00010800-00011042": "(pause) Pin that there and", "hjE21hKnDNI-00045-00011042-00011665": "then pin your grainline down the center front.", "hjE21hKnDNI-00046-00011665-00012079": "(pause) Always pin your pins", "hjE21hKnDNI-00047-00012079-00012247": "opposite the direction of the pull", "hjE21hKnDNI-00048-00012247-00012424": "so they don't come out.", "hjE21hKnDNI-00049-00012424-00012900": "And to the back", "hjE21hKnDNI-00050-00012900-00013191": "(pause) pin that right like that, too,", "hjE21hKnDNI-00051-00013191-00013341": "the same way.", "hjE21hKnDNI-00052-00013341-00013441": "And then you would", "hjE21hKnDNI-00053-00013441-00013734": "proceed to gather in the fullness into your darts.", "hjE21hKnDNI-00054-00013734-00014329": "In other words, you would pin - gather your fullness", "hjE21hKnDNI-00055-00014329-00014757": "down here and pin up to where you want it to start-stop.", "hjE21hKnDNI-00056-00014757-00014916": "All the way around you can do this and", "hjE21hKnDNI-00057-00014916-00015151": "stylize it if you like - do more to the front or back", "hjE21hKnDNI-00058-00015151-00015588": "but basically that is how you would do that.", "hjE21hKnDNI-00059-00015588-00015747": "(pause) Here's an example of some", "hjE21hKnDNI-00060-00015747-00016155": "finished darts I've made on this particular item.", "hjE21hKnDNI-00061-00016155-00016426": "You can see the fullness has been controlled with", "hjE21hKnDNI-00062-00016426-00016651": "the darts around the hat.", "hjE21hKnDNI-00063-00016651-00016963": "After that I took another guideline", "hjE21hKnDNI-00064-00016963-00017525": "(pause) and made my finished edge of it", "hjE21hKnDNI-00065-00017525-00017748": "so I would know where it would come to.", "hjE21hKnDNI-00066-00017748-00018026": "(pause) After taking this off and trueing it", "hjE21hKnDNI-00067-00018026-00018447": "(pause) I added the bias headband to it", "hjE21hKnDNI-00068-00018447-00019859": "and this is basically what the finished toile would look like."}}, {"audio_id": "hkV1DMbYv_A", "text": {"hkV1DMbYv_A-00000-00008142-00008589": "Cliff Lynch: Thanks for joining us, we'll get started in about a minute to a minute and a half.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00001-00012633-00012975": "Cliff Lynch: Glad you could join us. We'll start in about 30 seconds.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00002-00015666-00015840": "Cliff Lynch: Let's go ahead and get started.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00003-00015984-00016728": "Cliff Lynch: Welcome. I'm Cliff Lynch. I'm the director of the Coalition for networked information and I'll be introducing this session.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00004-00016773-00019254": "Cliff Lynch: You've reached one of the project briefing sessions for Week three of the CNI fall 2020 virtual member meeting, week three is focused on technology infrastructure and standards and a couple of logistical things this is being recorded and will be subsequently available.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00005-00019401-00020505": "Cliff Lynch: We do have closed captioning available, please make use of that, if it's helpful. There is a chat running. And we also have a Q AMP a box.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00006-00020547-00022464": "Cliff Lynch: You can use the Q AMP a tool at the bottom of your screen to pose questions at any point during the presentation. After we have heard from both of our speakers Diane golden Burkhardt from CNI will moderate a Q AMP a session and we'll try and address as many questions as possible, then", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00007-00022614-00024408": "Cliff Lynch: So with that, let me introduce the topic. Here we have two speakers with us today. Kelsey Schaefer and Chris Vinson both are from Clemson University Libraries and they're going to talk about", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00008-00024642-00025338": "Cliff Lynch: technical solutions for managing occupancy and ensuring that", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00009-00025497-00026193": "Cliff Lynch: Density requirements are met. This is a challenge that many campuses are facing.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00010-00026270-00028056": "Cliff Lynch: Some of them have tried to deal with it on a sort of a by facility basis like a library. Others have tried to go to broader campus wide solutions. There are lots of interesting questions here about the best ways to do this and", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00011-00028202-00028883": "Cliff Lynch: Indeed, even about whether some of these systems may persist after the current emergency for various reasons.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00012-00028926-00030545": "Cliff Lynch: So I'm looking forward to hearing about the experiences at Clemson and I just like to thank our presenters for joining us today to fill us in on this and I'll turn it over to Kelsey to start the presentations, welcome.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00013-00030695-00030861": "Kelsey Sheaffer: Hi, great. Thanks so much.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00014-00031035-00032714": "Kelsey Sheaffer: And thanks for that introduction. We're really excited to be here today to be talking about are the solutions that we came up with to manage occupancy given the pandemic conditions. So I'm Kelsey shape for him that creative technologies librarian at Clemson", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00015-00032820-00033225": "Kelsey Sheaffer: I'm going to start us off, and then we'll hear from Chris Benson, who's the head of library technology.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00016-00033339-00033477": "Kelsey Sheaffer: So to start with,", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00017-00033612-00034524": "Kelsey Sheaffer: We were faced over the summer with this idea of how do we take our library, which is really highly so I'm going to be talking mostly about our main library.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00018-00034569-00035388": "Kelsey Sheaffer: And the main library that's really highly used and make it safe for people to use, but still be able to let people in the building so", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00019-00035427-00036570": "Kelsey Sheaffer: at Clemson we have about 23,000 students and and we see about 10,000 unique visitors and in the main library every day.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00020-00036663-00037245": "Kelsey Sheaffer: It pre pandemic. So really, we're in the middle of campus just a ton of traffic.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00021-00037335-00039117": "Kelsey Sheaffer: And and people what we've what we now know is that people like to come between classes and we get really busy in the middle of the day and and we know from our own research that we are particularly high used high visit library so", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00022-00039255-00039930": "Kelsey Sheaffer: When we were planning on what we were going to do for under these pandemic circumstances, saying, you know, we need social distancing", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00023-00039978-00040917": "Kelsey Sheaffer: We need a max capacity and what are we going to do when, if we have 10,000 people trying to come back in the building that will not allow us have social distancing", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00024-00040986-00042216": "Kelsey Sheaffer: And and we did not want to be, of course, you know, a place where the viruses running. So I'm over the summer, the leadership team started thinking about this, of course, many other libraries were doing the same.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00025-00042372-00043371": "Kelsey Sheaffer: And, you know, in talking to other libraries. There was a lot of conversation. A lot of other libraries and there are a lot of different solutions and some of them did a kind of no", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00026-00043395-00043797": "Kelsey Sheaffer: management solution. So, you know, which is going to see what happens and then go from there.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00027-00043854-00044646": "Kelsey Sheaffer: We decided, especially given how many visitors were used to seeing that we would anticipate that we would have high usage. So we really wanted to put in place.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00028-00044730-00045786": "Kelsey Sheaffer: Limits on how many people could enter, but we were figuring out exactly what that would look like. Also, figuring out what our capacity was supposed to be. That was a big question for a lot of people, of course, and we ended up", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00029-00045882-00046674": "Kelsey Sheaffer: Taking our seats down from about 2500 seats to about 500 seats so only 500 you know places you can sit in the building.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00030-00046707-00047487": "Kelsey Sheaffer: And set our capacity at like 600 again, you know, we're used to seeing more like several thousand in the building at any given time and", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00031-00047541-00048048": "Kelsey Sheaffer: So this was a big difference for us and some and that involves a fair amount of calculations we were a part of", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00032-00048135-00048528": "Kelsey Sheaffer: A cohort with bright spot consulting that kind of helped us figure that out as well.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00033-00048558-00049275": "Kelsey Sheaffer: And then we had a lot of ideas about how we were going to manage this. And that's what we'll talk about today. So should we do see booking okay if we have seat booking", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00034-00049338-00049983": "Kelsey Sheaffer: What are the problems that come with that. Like, how do we manage is somebody. How do we check to see if somebody has a seat and", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00035-00050058-00051141": "Kelsey Sheaffer: That seems like a lot of management. What if we did wristbands instead. So we give out wristbands and that allows us to see how long, somebody has been in the building that was a problem. We were anticipating and so, you know,", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00036-00051258-00051804": "Kelsey Sheaffer: Because of the because of the virus longer exposure longer time spent in the building is", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00037-00051917-00052944": "Kelsey Sheaffer: Is is more risk and also we wanted more people to be able to use the library. So we were setting, you know, time limits and that was linked to all these questions that we were having", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00038-00053010-00053922": "Kelsey Sheaffer: So we went through a lot and we also, at this point, didn't know how many visitors, we were going to have. And of course, we then found out once we put into place. What we're going to talk about today.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00039-00053961-00055425": "Kelsey Sheaffer: And we came back and ended up with about 600 people total in the library on a given week day. So that's a dramatic difference between 10,000. And I think part of that is the restrictions we put in place and part of it is the campus culture, but we do have students back on campus.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00040-00055554-00056511": "Kelsey Sheaffer: And. Okay, so this is what it looks like now. And we're going to work backwards. But I just want you to have an idea from the patron perspective on somebody entering the library. And there's two little dots on this.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00041-00056550-00057114": "Kelsey Sheaffer: Map. Here we have a strange, strange library for many reasons. One of them is that we have", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00042-00057174-00057747": "Kelsey Sheaffer: Different entrance and exit doors. So there's interest and then this is a wall of windows and you actually leave out the other side.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00043-00057807-00058323": "Kelsey Sheaffer: And so we blocked off the entrance. There's only one door to enter rather than three before you have to swipe.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00044-00058359-00058979": "Kelsey Sheaffer: To unlock the door then you swipe card swipe again at a security desk that we set up so we set up this very limited.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00045-00059025-00059403": "Kelsey Sheaffer: flow into the building where you have to pass by the security guard, which we didn't have before.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00046-00059487-00059910": "Kelsey Sheaffer: And you have to show you have to have a interaction basically with security guard.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00047-00059942-00060999": "Kelsey Sheaffer: We also implemented curbside pickup from the entrance without needing to into the building. So basically you're, you're a patron, you have to card swipe twice at this point once to unlock the door once again at the security desk.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00048-00061149-00061482": "Kelsey Sheaffer: And so the three projects that will talk about today and do", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00049-00061632-00061730": "Kelsey Sheaffer: Those ideas.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00050-00061857-00061938": "Kelsey Sheaffer: And Chris", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00051-00062559-00062642": "Kelsey Sheaffer: Are you muted, Chris.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00052-00062811-00063084": "Chris Vinson: Alright, good afternoon everyone. There's a button that I always hit", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00053-00063186-00064053": "Chris Vinson: My microphone, but I'm going to talk to you about three solutions that we put in place today to help manage occupancy in our buildings and", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00054-00064194-00065208": "Chris Vinson: Those are the sensors occupancy monitor spring share seat booking and an access management system which we work very closely with our central IT department called TC it on", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00055-00065373-00066687": "Chris Vinson: The three major characteristics that are shared between these three solutions or is that they were in some part already implemented in in some way at Clemson University or at the libraries so", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00056-00066741-00067731": "Chris Vinson: Just given the limited amount of time that we had over the spring and summer of 2020 to develop solutions in time to reopen for Fall of 2020 semester.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00057-00067785-00068583": "Chris Vinson: We made the decision to implement solutions that really built upon existing technologies and apps that were already deployed. Here, and across the university.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00058-00068709-00068964": "Chris Vinson: And the first one I'll talk about is sin source.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00059-00069114-00070455": "Chris Vinson: So we adopted sin source as a people, counting solution in August of 2019 after we removed our own security gates which were fairly old unreliable and really provided us with inaccurate counts.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00060-00070650-00071817": "Chris Vinson: At that time we installed a sensor at the entrance that Kelsey showed you on the map earlier that was that's one way in. So we were counting people as they came in.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00061-00071892-00073008": "Chris Vinson: We did not have a sensor installed at the exit at that time, because our primary objective was really to get account of the people coming into the building at that time, we weren't really that", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00062-00073179-00073659": "Chris Vinson: We weren't really that interested in occupancy for, for various reasons.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00063-00073794-00074595": "Chris Vinson: Once it hit, obviously, though we quickly realized that in order to reopen safely, we would need to get an accurate picture of occupancy and the building.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00064-00074724-00076095": "Chris Vinson: We knew that other buildings across campus. We're also likely looking for a solution. So we reached out to our central IT department to kind of get a better sense of what they had heard from others on campus in terms of solutions that they were searching for", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00065-00076212-00077583": "Chris Vinson: In order to manage occupancy and they were really great about it. We started up a project with our project management office to kind of look at some different solutions that are out there.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00066-00077661-00079431": "Chris Vinson: Both around campus and external and after discussing and reviewing some of these alternatives, the libraries and Central Valley, it decided that adopting since source campus wide would be the best approach one it was already in the library, which is one of the major", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00067-00079599-00080226": "Chris Vinson: Major buildings on campus when the busiest buildings on campus when the highest traffic areas so", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00068-00080409-00080943": "Chris Vinson: CC it then took the lead and installing those sensors and other high traffic areas on campus.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00069-00081045-00082245": "Chris Vinson: Including placing one at the exit to Cooper library so that we weren't only getting people coming in. We are also getting them leaving so that we could actually get a full count accounting of who was in the building.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00070-00082446-00082686": "Chris Vinson: Some of the other high traffic areas that", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00071-00082800-00083025": "Chris Vinson: Campus it installed sensors and", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00072-00083172-00083853": "Chris Vinson: Integrated into the source included dining calls are gems and bookstore on campus.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00073-00084123-00084309": "Chris Vinson: Actually yeah if you could say on that slide.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00074-00084441-00086097": "Chris Vinson: Or the one. Yeah. So at Cooper library, the first image here is on the top, it shows. This is the display that was developed with CCA it to display occupancy to visitors to campus. So we have", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00075-00086268-00087504": "Chris Vinson: We have this display showing in our lobby on a large screen that we have in there. We also have a mobile monitor that we have pointing out towards the", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00076-00087615-00088329": "Chris Vinson: Pointing outside towards where people approached the building so that people can see before they come into the building what our occupancy is", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00077-00088404-00089376": "Chris Vinson: So part of that project with our with CC. It was developing this app branded as healthy Clemson to give a visual display of what our occupancy is", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00078-00089502-00090372": "Chris Vinson: This was also integrated into something called the my Clemson app, which is just Clemson's, you know, standard mobile app.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00079-00090432-00091629": "Chris Vinson: So here you can see Cooper library is included on that app, along with a number of other locations across campus, including some the dining halls and some other places.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00080-00091674-00092658": "Chris Vinson: So that students can get a real quick view of what's available and were just using that data that we pull out of sin source using their APIs.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00081-00093165-00093723": "Chris Vinson: The second solution that I'll talk about today is spring shares lip cow seats booking", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00082-00093867-00095172": "Chris Vinson: So, like many of you and a number of other libraries Clemson uses the spring share suite of products in order to publish Research Guides provide chat and virtual reference services and manage spaces and appointments", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00083-00095298-00095949": "Chris Vinson: Went over the summer spring share announced that they were extending their lip Cal product to include something called seats.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00084-00096018-00097011": "Chris Vinson: We immediately identified it as worthwhile to investigate just given that we already use live cow for room and space reservations and all those other things I listed earlier.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00085-00097137-00098607": "Chris Vinson: So we entered into a trial period with lip cow seats and, you know, seeing the wonderful work that was done with lip cow at the University of Miami, we decided to jump in and make the investment in it for the fall semester.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00086-00098781-00100263": "Chris Vinson: Like like Miami, we defined our spaces as types of seating. So, for example, our spaces are like individual seats computer stations shared study tables carols etc.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00087-00100479-00100596": "Chris Vinson: We started out with.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00088-00100761-00100824": "Chris Vinson: Overall,", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00089-00100944-00101766": "Chris Vinson: We configured for locations, which included 50 spaces and 515 seats so", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00090-00101874-00102915": "Chris Vinson: We started with pretty strict booking parameters for those spaces. We started out at having students only being able to book up to two hours a day with one booking per day.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00091-00103071-00104244": "Chris Vinson: Once we realize that there weren't as many people coming into the building as we expected. We ended up extending those out for and then six hours without any restrictions on the number of bookings per day.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00092-00104400-00104916": "Chris Vinson: We also realize that a number of our attendee arrive, our patrons.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00093-00104979-00106521": "Chris Vinson: Were just wanted to come into print and the libraries. So we accommodated for that by creating 15 minute appointments for printing so students come in print and then quickly be on their way without having to actually book a seat.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00094-00106661-00107613": "Chris Vinson: We added a section to our website, which you can see here on the slide which outlines all of the different seat and space options that we have across our branches and", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00095-00107778-00108483": "Chris Vinson: Again, this is based off of the University of Miami model we have thanked them a lot for for the work that they didn't trailblazing this", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00096-00108608-00110205": "Chris Vinson: And basically, this helps makes it easier for patrons to identify that tape to sorry the types of spaces that they can book. And once they find that it takes them directly into live Cal to complete the booking and we have lip Cal integrated with our", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00097-00110340-00111576": "Chris Vinson: Single Sign On solution so that once they make a booking they verify by signing in with their Quincy credentials and we have all of their information already so that's less for them to fill out when they make a booking", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00098-00111836-00112058": "Chris Vinson: Alright, I think we can move on to the next slide, Kelsey.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00099-00112353-00113009": "Chris Vinson: So as I mentioned earlier, we configured 515 seats sort of the", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00100-00113229-00114063": "Chris Vinson: The one thing we anticipated, but didn't realize how much trouble. It was going to be was creating 515 stickers and QR codes.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00101-00114134-00115182": "Chris Vinson: To put out in place on those seats. So here you see an example of those seat labels these QR codes are generated by by lip count.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00102-00115245-00116379": "Chris Vinson: We took those Kelsey at her interns took those QR codes and made them look a little nicer and design some really nice stickers which define the space and the", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00103-00116529-00117066": "Chris Vinson: And the seat number for students to make it easier for them to you defined it when they come into the building.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00104-00117177-00118784": "Chris Vinson: Students scan the QR code they check in by entering a code that sent to that email to them by by lip cow after they make their booking and then once they're done with their booking they can then use that same QR code to check out", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00105-00119097-00119994": "Chris Vinson: We also designed for maps showing the reserved seat numbers so that students could could find their way around the building and figure out where their seat was", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00106-00120059-00121733": "Chris Vinson: We identified that as an early challenge, just because it's hard enough, finding your way around our, our strange library, but especially so when you have a bunch of numbers on seats so we realized early on that we needed something directional to provide students", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00107-00121974-00122073": "Chris Vinson: Okay, next slide.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00108-00122403-00123852": "Chris Vinson: So the final solution that I will talk about today is the access management system. So this is something, again, we developed into with our central IT department.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00109-00124017-00124808": "Chris Vinson: And there's two major components to this. The first component is actual access into the building so", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00110-00124953-00126597": "Chris Vinson: Buildings across campus are restricted by to only people who are affiliated with university and people University affiliates, who have had a recent negative covert 19 test. So the", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00111-00126710-00127136": "Chris Vinson: The bad Jen that we have at the entrance to the building checks, both of those things.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00112-00127242-00127740": "Chris Vinson: If both of those things come up. Okay, then the person is allowed into the building.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00113-00127914-00129492": "Chris Vinson: We manage that through the university's target one card services. We didn't have much to do with that implementation, but it does help at least have that help us to have that preclearance because we are not allowing any community members to come into our libraries during this time.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00114-00129819-00130458": "Chris Vinson: After that, the second piece is sort of the lobby checkpoint where we have a security officer officer stationed", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00115-00130658-00131013": "Chris Vinson: The access management system that we developed wasn't was an app.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00116-00131118-00132252": "Chris Vinson: That was a partnership between the libraries central it and tiger one card services, we developed this to minimize the interaction between the security officer at the lobby checkpoint and that patron.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00117-00132501-00133446": "Chris Vinson: Basically how this works is the student comes in there in the building. They walk up to this checkpoint and they scan their ID or their", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00118-00133503-00135015": "Chris Vinson: Their Apple watch or their phones to the card reader and it tells the security officer, whether that person is a an employee a student or any other affiliation with the University", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00119-00135303-00136092": "Chris Vinson: It is the app is designed to check against our universities identity vault to determine that person's university status.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00120-00136251-00137082": "Chris Vinson: All University employees are automatically granted access. So when an employee comes up to this checkpoint and scans their phone.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00121-00137154-00138477": "Chris Vinson: The security officer will see a green check along with their that person's information just like this. So it'll identify the patron their username, their affiliation and the check indicates that they're allowed in.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00122-00138657-00138993": "Chris Vinson: If they are a student and they scan their ID.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00123-00139113-00139644": "Chris Vinson: You want to go to the next slide. Kelsey, they'll get this know they'll get the red no sign", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00124-00139875-00140877": "Chris Vinson: That indicates that the security officer that they then have to ask the student. Do you have a reservation at the library. If you want to go back a couple slides, Kelsey.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00125-00141033-00141171": "Chris Vinson: So students", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00126-00141435-00142638": "Chris Vinson: So students can get into the building. If they have a class in the building, we were able to automate that process by checking against our student registration system banner.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00127-00142710-00144201": "Chris Vinson: To confirm that that students classes in the building and they are allowed entry up to 15 minutes before their class and for the entire duration of their class. So the students get a green checkmark if they have a class in the building at that time.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00128-00144390-00145107": "Chris Vinson: They also get the green checkmark if they have a reference appointment scheduled with a librarian, or someone else who works in the building.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00129-00145248-00146916": "Chris Vinson: We configured that using spring shares API's which already existed for lip cow students will continue to get the red no entry into the building. If they have a lip kalsi booked. And the reason for that, if you want to go to the next slide, Kelsey.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00130-00147054-00147432": "Chris Vinson: The reason for that is the rhetoric that's under reservation information coming soon.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00131-00147534-00148545": "Chris Vinson: The reason for that is the API for spring chair was not available until later in October. So we did not have time to build that into the initial phase of this app.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00132-00148626-00149709": "Chris Vinson: However, we the project has been reopened with her central it and any day now, that will be come available. So, and it will definitely be available for spring semester.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00133-00149775-00151140": "Chris Vinson: So we will be using the lip Cal seats API to check the cows reservation information so that students will then if they have a reservation in the library, they'll get the green checkmark.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00134-00151308-00152298": "Chris Vinson: That will further reduce the interaction between the security officer and the student because right now the student has to physically show", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00135-00152370-00153555": "Chris Vinson: The security officer of their, their phone and email that they receive confirming their reservation. So we're really excited that that API, was released, and we look forward to getting it into production for the spring.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00136-00154209-00155406": "Kelsey Sheaffer: Alright so I'm thinking about all of that in a series of significant changes to our public services, right. So we are used to people obviously just being able to walk right in", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00137-00155445-00156528": "Kelsey Sheaffer: And now it's switched to the door is locked. You have to swipe to unlock the door, then you have to swipe to show that you have a reason to be in the building. And we were", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00138-00156633-00157341": "Kelsey Sheaffer: There were, you know, a number of reasons that I talked about at the beginning about why we set it up like that concerned about crowding, and also", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00139-00157374-00158142": "Kelsey Sheaffer: You know, we wanted to make sure that the people who needed to be in the building, like people in their classes that people had classes in the building could come in so", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00140-00158223-00159636": "Kelsey Sheaffer: That there were a number of decisions. I feel like we spent most of the summer. And, you know, planning as everybody did for this kind of unknown and but so just we wanted to talk a little bit about the impact on public services.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00141-00159771-00160650": "Kelsey Sheaffer: This obviously changed and access policies. So, you know, we're allowing faculty and staff so employees to come in without a booking", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00142-00160725-00161766": "Kelsey Sheaffer: Without a reservation or appointment booked students have to show that they have booked something and we are not allowing community members in at this time. And that is a university wide.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00143-00161841-00162558": "Kelsey Sheaffer: Mandate basically because you have to show that you have a negative test to be able to enter any of the buildings and that will be the same for the spring.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00144-00162639-00163362": "Kelsey Sheaffer: And we had a big question of how long people could say at first we were limiting the number of times people could enter to one.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00145-00163401-00164358": "Kelsey Sheaffer: So you can have one booking a day and you could stay for two hours at a time. We have extended that so you can say for a first we bumped it to four hours.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00146-00164418-00165495": "Kelsey Sheaffer: And now it's to six, and you can enter more than once, and people were running into problems with that when they needed to run into print something and then they wanted to come back later to study.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00147-00165567-00166302": "Kelsey Sheaffer: So we expanded that so just being fluid and and that's part of the continual adjustment. So we were looking at social media.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00148-00166350-00167055": "Kelsey Sheaffer: And we have chat on the library website so people can chat, you know, reference questions, but we would also get a lot of questions about building procedures.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00149-00167094-00167565": "Kelsey Sheaffer: And we added those printing appointments at first we were having people just book a seat to be able to print", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00150-00167607-00169026": "Kelsey Sheaffer: And then we figured out a way to actually have them book an appointment to be able to print again being in the middle of campus means we are a catch all for people doing, you know, needing to fill all sorts of things printing being one of them and expand at those hours.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00151-00169206-00169839": "Kelsey Sheaffer: And and then to kind of elaborate on parts of that some of the things we learned we learned a lot.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00152-00169959-00171144": "Kelsey Sheaffer: One of them is that and marketing. I mean, I mean, this is something we we knew, but to emphasize marketing was really important here. So anytime we made changes going from two hours to four to six and", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00153-00171192-00172209": "Kelsey Sheaffer: It was really important to communicate that. Of course, we did a lot of marketing both, you know, traditional what I would call traditional marketing. So on social media or the library website.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00154-00172302-00173121": "Kelsey Sheaffer: But we also made a lot of flyers that we handed out in the building posters outside the building. This is an example of one of them. So book a spot in the library.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00155-00173214-00174360": "Kelsey Sheaffer: And we wanted to make sure that people could still access physical collections. So you can browse. Most of the stacks. Still, and then we have a pretty robust curbside pickup program.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00156-00174429-00175887": "Kelsey Sheaffer: That has been used and it has been an exciting new service. So that's part of the modified services. And basically, if you think back to the map that I first showed, there's a there's an area between the entrance and exit that now is a whole shelf and we have", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00157-00175989-00176367": "Kelsey Sheaffer: A library employee there. And when somebody at", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00158-00176409-00177657": "Kelsey Sheaffer: has requested a book they call when they have walked up to the library and say, I'm here, the library and play grabs the book and brings it to them. You just opens the door and hands it to them. So curbside but without us. Basically, there's no curb", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00159-00177708-00178548": "Kelsey Sheaffer: In the way that our library is set up so we had to modify that a bit. And of course, we've seen really a big rise and virtual reference which is exciting.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00160-00178644-00179463": "Kelsey Sheaffer: And see bookings happy to talk about this more people have questions and we have individual seat numbers, but largely", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00161-00179556-00180354": "Kelsey Sheaffer: People are just some most people don't care exactly that they sit in that number. And that's been okay it will become a problem if we have", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00162-00180411-00181302": "Kelsey Sheaffer: A ton more people. So that's something we're monitoring and and a lot and most see bookings are not made super in advance that they're made walking up to the building or right outside of the building.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00163-00181467-00182259": "Kelsey Sheaffer: And okay, briefly, so for the spring. We're keeping largely the same system until it's no longer necessary. Of course, we don't know when that's going to happen.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00164-00182328-00183810": "Kelsey Sheaffer: So, spring, summer, you know. We'll see. And the libraries are playing a role in managing studies bases across campus. So we have a lot of ongoing projects to identify you know where else we don't have as many me and", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00165-00184014-00184980": "Kelsey Sheaffer: You'll study rooms as we'd like to have. So looking at across campus, how we can use some classrooms, that kind of thing for people to take zoom classes or virtual classes.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00166-00185025-00185409": "Kelsey Sheaffer: And then after coven 19 we like the occupancy monitoring. We're going to keep that", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00167-00185490-00186153": "Kelsey Sheaffer: Were thinking about keeping some seat booking but I we're not gonna, we're not planning on keeping all seat booking people have been asking for, like,", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00168-00186183-00186726": "Kelsey Sheaffer: You know, to know because we're so highly used it. Sometimes it's hard to find a seat in the building. So sometimes people", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00169-00186759-00187377": "Kelsey Sheaffer: You know request that kind of thing. But we worry, you know, we want to make sure that it's equitable access, that kind of thing. So monitoring that", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00170-00187437-00188733": "Kelsey Sheaffer: But we'll remove those occupancy restrictions. Once it's safe to do so. And we might still shift around some of the entry procedures because parts of those are nice like the curbside pickup and we'll keep the focus on the virtual reference", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00171-00188853-00190092": "Kelsey Sheaffer: So we have one minute, so we'll see how that goes for questions. But he's our contact information and and we're happy to talk more about this as a people want to", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00172-00190224-00191064": "Diane Goldenberg-Hart (CNI): That's great. Thank you. Kelsey and Chris, thanks for that wonderful overview really interesting strategies that you're using to deal with a", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00173-00191154-00192153": "Diane Goldenberg-Hart (CNI): challenging problem. The floor is now open for questions is Kelsey pointed out, we're kind of at time right now, but we might be able to sneak in one question before folks need to peel off.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00174-00192273-00193326": "Diane Goldenberg-Hart (CNI): Please feel free to enter that now in the q&a box. Um, I don't see any questions at this time. But please feel free to enter them.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00175-00193377-00194589": "Diane Goldenberg-Hart (CNI): I just wanted to ask a very quick question. Do you have to have an app to make a reservation or can you can you walk in and make your reservation. If you don't want to download that app or you don't have it.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00176-00194703-00195414": "Chris Vinson: Yeah, so it's it's actually a web app. So if they don't have to download an app to their phone. They just have to access it via web", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00177-00195498-00195606": "Chris Vinson: But there is no", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00178-00195627-00196203": "Chris Vinson: And this is something that we had discussed too early on, but just really didn't have a chance to implement was being able to", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00179-00196266-00196932": "Chris Vinson: Provide like an onsite kiosk in order to to book a spot for those people who just came in and wanted something immediately.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00180-00196974-00198243": "Chris Vinson: So I think that's something we probably want an eye on towards spring to add now our campus partners have asked about maybe implementing something like that as well. So we may need on them to to do it. And then we take it from there.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00181-00198327-00198909": "Diane Goldenberg-Hart (CNI): Okay, interesting. All right. Well, thank you very much for that. And I do want to be mindful of time.", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00182-00198978-00199761": "Diane Goldenberg-Hart (CNI): So I just want to thank you, Kelsey and Chris one last time for coming to see an eye and sharing this with us really helpful and interesting and", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00183-00199821-00200430": "Diane Goldenberg-Hart (CNI): Thank you so much to our attendees for joining us here today. We appreciate you spending some time with CNI we hope to see you and", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00184-00200469-00201027": "Diane Goldenberg-Hart (CNI): Other sessions as this meeting continues. I'll go ahead and stop the public portion of the", "hkV1DMbYv_A-00185-00201063-00202212": "Diane Goldenberg-Hart (CNI): Session. I'll stop the recording. But if you want to hang around, I think, Kelsey and Chris have a few minutes to chat with us. If you want to raise your hand. I will be happy to turn your microphone so thanks everyone. Take care. Bye bye."}}, {"audio_id": "hkVYObCqWJM", "text": {"hkVYObCqWJM-00000-00000000-00000215": "why some business dries up?", "hkVYObCqWJM-00001-00000225-00000339": "and another growing?", "hkVYObCqWJM-00002-00000349-00000821": "it is like a Christmas tree planted in a garden from a pot", "hkVYObCqWJM-00003-00000831-00001216": "a friend of mine successfully plants a Christmas tree every year", "hkVYObCqWJM-00004-00001226-00001493": "I asked for his secret", "hkVYObCqWJM-00005-00001503-00001690": "any special fertilizers?", "hkVYObCqWJM-00006-00001700-00001808": "good soil?", "hkVYObCqWJM-00007-00001818-00001908": "watering?", "hkVYObCqWJM-00008-00001918-00002038": "it's not enough", "hkVYObCqWJM-00009-00002048-00002133": "he said", "hkVYObCqWJM-00010-00002143-00002440": "when buying I always examine roots' condition", "hkVYObCqWJM-00011-00002450-00002602": "much depends on it", "hkVYObCqWJM-00012-00002612-00002851": "with poor roots there is no hope", "hkVYObCqWJM-00013-00002861-00003222": "how often we see a similar situation in business", "hkVYObCqWJM-00014-00003222-00003417": "when a company is in trouble", "hkVYObCqWJM-00015-00003427-00003680": "we're watering with motivation meetings", "hkVYObCqWJM-00016-00003690-00003847": "fertilizing with trainings", "hkVYObCqWJM-00017-00003857-00004051": "enriching soil by bonuses", "hkVYObCqWJM-00018-00004061-00004200": "and the business dries up", "hkVYObCqWJM-00019-00004210-00004298": "why?", "hkVYObCqWJM-00020-00004308-00004574": "maybe we haven't touched the root cause?", "hkVYObCqWJM-00021-00004584-00004799": "maybe there's a root problem with strategy?", "hkVYObCqWJM-00022-00004809-00004906": "structure?", "hkVYObCqWJM-00023-00004916-00004999": "systems?", "hkVYObCqWJM-00024-00005009-00005115": "style of management?", "hkVYObCqWJM-00025-00005125-00005208": "skills?", "hkVYObCqWJM-00026-00005218-00005303": "staff?", "hkVYObCqWJM-00027-00005313-00005405": "shared values?", "hkVYObCqWJM-00028-00005415-00005547": "keep searching deep", "hkVYObCqWJM-00029-00005557-00005802": "with courage to find root cause of our problems", "hkVYObCqWJM-00030-00005812-00005909": "and cure it", "hkVYObCqWJM-00031-00005919-00006257": "then, before we'd buy conditioners and fertilizers", "hkVYObCqWJM-00032-00006267-00006411": "and plentifully water", "hkVYObCqWJM-00033-00006420-00006564": "let's touch the roots", "hkVYObCqWJM-00034-00006574-00006824": "to heal our business", "hkVYObCqWJM-00035-00006834-00007100": "the 5 whys method", "hkVYObCqWJM-00036-00007110-00007479": "is a way to reach a solution in 5 steps", "hkVYObCqWJM-00037-00007489-00007755": "sometimes already in 2nd or 3rd step we'd find it", "hkVYObCqWJM-00038-00007765-00007983": "5 whys", "hkVYObCqWJM-00039-00007993-00008217": "removes superficial solutions", "hkVYObCqWJM-00040-00008227-00008366": "and get to the root causes", "hkVYObCqWJM-00041-00008376-00008596": "try it on your own", "hkVYObCqWJM-00042-00008606-00008702": "with the next problem you meet", "hkVYObCqWJM-00043-00008712-00008830": "at work or at home", "hkVYObCqWJM-00044-00008840-00008939": "ask 5 times..."}}, {"audio_id": "hl3AraDOf_o", "text": {"hl3AraDOf_o-00000-00000498-00000842": "O N", "hl3AraDOf_o-00001-00001190-00001498": "A T", "hl3AraDOf_o-00002-00001893-00002222": "O A", "hl3AraDOf_o-00003-00002593-00002919": "O E", "hl3AraDOf_o-00004-00003291-00003617": "O E", "hl3AraDOf_o-00005-00004001-00004304": "O T", "hl3AraDOf_o-00006-00004688-00004991": "O T", "hl3AraDOf_o-00007-00005352-00005678": "N A", "hl3AraDOf_o-00008-00006014-00006336": "N E", "hl3AraDOf_o-00009-00006731-00007039": "A O", "hl3AraDOf_o-00010-00007388-00007705": "T A", "hl3AraDOf_o-00011-00008041-00008363": "N E", "hl3AraDOf_o-00012-00008699-00009022": "N E", "hl3AraDOf_o-00013-00009383-00009708": "N A", "hl3AraDOf_o-00014-00010095-00010408": "T O", "hl3AraDOf_o-00015-00010744-00011067": "N E", "hl3AraDOf_o-00016-00011451-00011754": "O T", "hl3AraDOf_o-00017-00012126-00012451": "O E", 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"hl3AraDOf_o-00501-00343208-00343522": "T O", "hl3AraDOf_o-00502-00343916-00344225": "A O", "hl3AraDOf_o-00503-00344573-00344906": "N T", "hl3AraDOf_o-00504-00345301-00345609": "A O", "hl3AraDOf_o-00505-00345978-00346283": "E O", "hl3AraDOf_o-00506-00346632-00346965": "T N", "hl3AraDOf_o-00507-00347359-00347668": "A O", "hl3AraDOf_o-00508-00348030-00348354": "N A", "hl3AraDOf_o-00509-00348704-00349037": "T N", "hl3AraDOf_o-00510-00349360-00349666": "E T", "hl3AraDOf_o-00511-00350038-00350364": "O E", "hl3AraDOf_o-00512-00350712-00351045": "N T", "hl3AraDOf_o-00513-00351380-00351703": "A E", "hl3AraDOf_o-00514-00352098-00352406": "A O", "hl3AraDOf_o-00515-00352775-00353080": "E O", "hl3AraDOf_o-00516-00353475-00353783": "A O", "hl3AraDOf_o-00517-00354119-00354449": "E A", "hl3AraDOf_o-00518-00354845-00355157": "N O", "hl3AraDOf_o-00519-00355493-00355823": "E A", "hl3AraDOf_o-00520-00356173-00356489": "T A", "hl3AraDOf_o-00521-00356885-00357229": "O N", "hl3AraDOf_o-00522-00357577-00357910": "T N", "hl3AraDOf_o-00523-00358295-00358597": "O T", "hl3AraDOf_o-00524-00358933-00359263": "E A", "hl3AraDOf_o-00525-00359632-00359937": "E O", "hl3AraDOf_o-00526-00360332-00360640": "A O", "hl3AraDOf_o-00527-00361009-00361314": "E O", "hl3AraDOf_o-00528-00361662-00361969": "A T", "hl3AraDOf_o-00529-00362341-00362667": "O E", "hl3AraDOf_o-00530-00363054-00363367": "T O", "hl3AraDOf_o-00531-00363716-00364049": "T N", "hl3AraDOf_o-00532-00364398-00364731": "T N", "hl3AraDOf_o-00533-00365063-00365397": "E N", "hl3AraDOf_o-00534-00365744-00366053": "A T", "hl3AraDOf_o-00535-00366400-00366708": "A T", "hl3AraDOf_o-00536-00367104-00367448": "O N", "hl3AraDOf_o-00537-00367817-00368122": "E O", "hl3AraDOf_o-00538-00368469-00368777": "A T", "hl3AraDOf_o-00539-00369173-00369485": "N O", "hl3AraDOf_o-00540-00369809-00370114": "E T", "hl3AraDOf_o-00541-00370486-00370812": "O E", "hl3AraDOf_o-00542-00371199-00371512": "T O", "hl3AraDOf_o-00543-00371838-00372152": "T E", "hl3AraDOf_o-00544-00372513-00372842": "A N", "hl3AraDOf_o-00545-00373211-00373516": "E O", "hl3AraDOf_o-00546-00373842-00374156": "T E", "hl3AraDOf_o-00547-00374551-00374879": "O A", "hl3AraDOf_o-00548-00375248-00375553": "E O", "hl3AraDOf_o-00549-00375889-00376220": "E A", "hl3AraDOf_o-00550-00376555-00376885": "E A", "hl3AraDOf_o-00551-00377212-00377526": "T E", "hl3AraDOf_o-00552-00377897-00378223": "O E", "hl3AraDOf_o-00553-00378619-00378931": "N O", "hl3AraDOf_o-00554-00379326-00379633": "A O", "hl3AraDOf_o-00555-00379995-00380321": "N A", "hl3AraDOf_o-00556-00380716-00381044": "O A", "hl3AraDOf_o-00557-00381380-00381702": "N E", "hl3AraDOf_o-00558-00382052-00382369": "T A", "hl3AraDOf_o-00559-00382719-00383035": "T A", "hl3AraDOf_o-00560-00383406-00383732": "O E", "hl3AraDOf_o-00561-00384116-00384419": "O T", "hl3AraDOf_o-00562-00384767-00385075": "A T", "hl3AraDOf_o-00563-00385436-00385765": "A N", "hl3AraDOf_o-00564-00386151-00386465": "T O", "hl3AraDOf_o-00565-00386860-00387172": "N O", "hl3AraDOf_o-00566-00387497-00387802": "E T", "hl3AraDOf_o-00567-00388164-00388489": "N A", "hl3AraDOf_o-00568-00388858-00389163": "E O", "hl3AraDOf_o-00569-00389525-00389850": "N A", "hl3AraDOf_o-00570-00390176-00390490": "T E", "hl3AraDOf_o-00571-00390839-00391172": "N T", "hl3AraDOf_o-00572-00391519-00391827": "A T", "hl3AraDOf_o-00573-00392223-00392551": "O A", "hl3AraDOf_o-00574-00392935-00393238": "O T", "hl3AraDOf_o-00575-00393599-00393928": "A N", "hl3AraDOf_o-00576-00394254-00394568": "T E", "hl3AraDOf_o-00577-00394917-00395249": "T N", "hl3AraDOf_o-00578-00395645-00395989": "O N", "hl3AraDOf_o-00579-00396336-00396644": "A T", "hl3AraDOf_o-00580-00397040-00397384": "O N", "hl3AraDOf_o-00581-00397716-00398050": "E N", "hl3AraDOf_o-00582-00398445-00398789": "O N", "hl3AraDOf_o-00583-00399161-00399487": "O E", "hl3AraDOf_o-00584-00399873-00400187": "T O", "hl3AraDOf_o-00585-00400511-00400816": "E T", "hl3AraDOf_o-00586-00401149-00401482": "E N", "hl3AraDOf_o-00587-00401831-00402164": "T N", "hl3AraDOf_o-00588-00402559-00402888": "O A", "hl3AraDOf_o-00589-00403214-00403528": "T E", "hl3AraDOf_o-00590-00403923-00404267": "O N", "hl3AraDOf_o-00591-00404639-00404965": "O E", "hl3AraDOf_o-00592-00405325-00405654": "A N", "hl3AraDOf_o-00593-00405978-00406284": "E T", "hl3AraDOf_o-00594-00406619-00406950": "E A", "hl3AraDOf_o-00595-00407299-00407632": "N T", "hl3AraDOf_o-00596-00407964-00408298": "E N", "hl3AraDOf_o-00597-00408684-00408998": "T O", "hl3AraDOf_o-00598-00409333-00409664": "E A"}}, {"audio_id": "hl-OCApcn0Q", "text": {"hl-OCApcn0Q-00000-00000379-00000979": "for me with linksol so I really appreciate it so can't thank you enough for the help and", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00001-00000979-00001549": "um bring me a board so also just thank you can't thank you enough so I thought this was the least I", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00002-00001549-00002227": "could do it for you um try to help you with your golf swing um can I just have tell me I like to", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00003-00002227-00002701": "learn a little bit more about your golf game but also how much do you kind of time do you put in it", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00004-00002701-00003055": "do you work at it I mean there's a lot of really good things you do when you're golf swing a lot", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00005-00003187-00003781": "um you have a couple swing Killers okay that are not allowing you to be as good as you", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00006-00003781-00004489": "are can be with some things you do so um these changes could really change your golf game okay", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00007-00004615-00005023": "um so let's talk about this I can't those are with drivers and I'm gonna show you a", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00008-00005023-00005659": "driver's thing here in a second but I don't have uh I'm at my this is my bay here at um", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00009-00005755-00006475": "my house so I can't uh don't have room here um so let's talk about first your early extension okay", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00010-00006541-00007243": "that is you going up and coming down off of it okay means we're extending in towards the ball", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00011-00007243-00007879": "right okay so the problem with that is what it kind of stalls us you get probably open to about", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00012-00007879-00008413": "here where if you were more back you'd be more like this and feeling oh my back won't do it I'm", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00013-00008413-00008857": "this older I'm this tight or whatever it's not that because the back when it's used properly", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00014-00008929-00009511": "it's not used for rotary stabilization the way our hips should clear out of the way which most people", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00015-00009511-00010195": "understand is this when we're rotating we're going from here to here and then I'm when I'm on my toe", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00016-00010195-00010849": "right here I push back really hard which pushes this hip back that's how we clear we never just", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00017-00010849-00011317": "this is people that spin out that do that kind of move golfers go here they get their knee over and", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00018-00011317-00011893": "they push back really hard from front to back and look what it does to your hip so it's the action", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00019-00011893-00012463": "of your foot on the ground left one that gets your hips really clear but I can't do that if", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00020-00012463-00012907": "I'm forward see that I can maybe turn a little bit but I'm never going to be able to get the massive", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00021-00012907-00013633": "amount of turn that I need okay so I talked to the video about chunking maybe I mean we're gonna", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00022-00013633-00014311": "pick you know a couple things to work on now early extension's a killer because it holds back all I", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00023-00014311-00014863": "think oh all the other good things you do you're in my mind not Reaching Your Potential of those", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00024-00014917-00015505": "okay so I think like I said I think you do a lot of good things in your swing so one of the big", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00025-00015505-00016075": "things I notice in your swing is this is you if you're here you'd be best way like this so you got", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00026-00016075-00016663": "your backswing your hair right you start to notice this movement out like this let's see the foot", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00027-00016777-00017353": "so what is that doing let's bring the hip out over here right that's out it's bringing us in", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00028-00017407-00018055": "what and this move is going to help you a ton so we want to feel like when you go to the top you're", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00029-00018055-00018715": "actually going to feel like you're rolling in like this and then you're like that okay so a way to", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00030-00018715-00019555": "do this is you're here see watch what just yeah watch my butt it's line up right when I do that", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00031-00019705-00020455": "see how I get even deeper okay so an interesting story like Jack Nicklaus and Jack grout when they", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00032-00020455-00021115": "actually did take a break in golf um they would meet after or before the season started for two", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00033-00021115-00021793": "weeks the first week according to them I always wonder as these stories from 50 years old I feel", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00034-00021793-00022369": "like they get a little exaggerated you know but anyways I'm sure there's a lot of truth to it um", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00035-00022369-00022921": "that they spent working on the ankle movements you know feeling this feeling the way the ankles move", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00036-00022999-00023581": "mobility and you know just practicing how how our connection to the ground and I feel like", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00037-00023581-00024043": "that's a lot of stuff that gets lost these days we forget about protection of the ground because", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00038-00024043-00024553": "they're so worried about showering whatever it is we worry about these days but for you I I'm", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00039-00024553-00025165": "not saying this is a simple a still real simple deal for you to fix but I will say this your swing", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00040-00025165-00025867": "looks pretty darn athletic so that makes me think you can do it okay so one way to do it is this", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00041-00025969-00026761": "and you can hit balls doing this one so just put that under your Trail foot and you have now I saw", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00042-00026761-00027295": "the driver you hit the driver I guarantee you early extend with all of them all your clips", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00043-00027295-00027913": "and maybe it looks a little less with others but I mean here I've you're just keeping this", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00044-00027967-00028405": "um down as long as you can eventually it'll come up but you notice for me to do that I was", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00045-00028507-00029311": "when I let it off I was like that so look at this knee how it works more in it's not coming out", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00046-00029311-00030013": "ever and this hips not coming flying out yours is pretty subtle but you saw on the video how much it", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00047-00030013-00030511": "turned out to be at the ball and so what you had to do is you're here you're here and you're you're", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00048-00030511-00031075": "having to go up like this because you can see how much your head came up so when you're doing this", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00049-00031309-00031675": "you're not going to have to you're going to be able to hit the ball and have your", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00050-00031675-00031855": "chest pointed where it should be but right here", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00051-00031909-00032245": "forward towards the ground that's gonna be a huge difference compared to where you are up here", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00052-00032311-00032989": "we're going to be that's powerful because we go from here to up that's a lot of power so", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00053-00033055-00033673": "I feel like yeah I feel like you have so much power in the tank anybody does that's like you", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00054-00033673-00034129": "that has this issue okay because your swing like I said it's pretty good I'm going to want to work", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00055-00034129-00034795": "on a couple things you do but in general I'd say those are things that will help you this one's", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00056-00034795-00035575": "going to help you a ton when you get it right okay so I wouldn't worry about hitting you know like", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00057-00035575-00036421": "I would never so we don't learn real well when we are doing full shots fast okay because we've", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00058-00036421-00037147": "turned a reaction mode but with this one we can do more of that but I still subscribe to just to", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00059-00037147-00037633": "getting the feeling of this stuff you know like I like to kind of start like this sometimes I'm just", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00060-00037759-00038203": "just feeling these little shots for I mean just get that down first to feel what it's like okay", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00061-00038407-00038713": "um and build those feelings before you feel like you got to go full speed", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00062-00038779-00039241": "because at full speed it's harder to gain those feels that we need to get Okay so", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00063-00039487-00040153": "I always say in order to learn something we have to learn it from here down first meaning no higher", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00064-00040153-00040801": "than here to here first we have to do that first otherwise we get up higher and we start doing our", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00065-00040801-00041563": "things we turn into reaction mode and our reaction mode is going to be what your old stuff right okay", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00066-00041563-00042127": "so we also talked about I'm fighting off a cold so I'm having trouble breathing here um", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00067-00042349-00042763": "your driver now like I said I can't swing one in here but", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00068-00042991-00043081": "what I have here", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00069-00043315-00043591": "I think I'll just grab this little three whatever yeah", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00070-00043879-00043981": "um let me grab this here", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00071-00044533-00045559": "Okay so we want to get your uh driver traveling at a better angle of attack okay right now yours", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00072-00045559-00046339": "is definitely downhill um I would say negative two or three degrees where we probably got to", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00073-00046339-00046765": "get up to to maximize you I don't I haven't had you on my launch monitor so I don't know", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00074-00046765-00047251": "for sure but I would guess about four degrees so that's a six degree change", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00075-00047329-00048061": "that will get the ball up and I'm telling you hey that's a ton of distance going from this", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00076-00048061-00048673": "to up like you are losing uh I mean I can't even tell you how much a lot because you look I get", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00077-00048673-00049339": "some pretty decent swing speed um simple drill here to learn this what we're going to do okay", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00078-00049435-00050119": "I like I said I teach a lot by can I tell you how to do every single move sure it's not going to", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00079-00050119-00050515": "help you though and I used to do that when I began coaching I'm like oh here I'll just tell you to do", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00080-00050515-00051169": "everything but in the end I found out that people learn better when they learn it on their own right", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00081-00051265-00051871": "so let's just imagine this this had a ball on it but we're gonna so we're gonna set up here", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00082-00051979-00052225": "yeah I think I'm gonna do this up here just a little bit", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00083-00052435-00052813": "so we got two T's one about three inches or two and two and a half three inches in", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00084-00052813-00053383": "front of it and so I'm thinking okay I got my driver out right I'm gonna hit this one", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00085-00053533-00053923": "this first I'm going to get this first heat and then get over the second so", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00086-00053923-00054259": "think about if you had an iron if you were hitting iron you want to go down", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00087-00054259-00054607": "it like that right this one we're trying to figure out how to get up and over it", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00088-00055081-00055483": "so this is where I want you to figure out how to do it okay I want you just to set up like this", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00089-00055537-00055867": "and then you're just going to do your back swing right and then you're going to go", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00090-00055939-00056479": "okay what do I got to do to get up and over this what it's going to take I think is", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00091-00056539-00056947": "the lower body still goes forward but we are gonna have to get some more kick", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00092-00057001-00057511": "this is tilt back down here it doesn't mean I want you started like this because usually if you", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00093-00057511-00057943": "start like that you go like this start normal and then you're going to have to learn to go", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00094-00058309-00059029": "more tilt like this so two ways to feel it that's a great one I also like this drill you go here", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00095-00059245-00059497": "and then we want to stay behind it so look I have that tilt", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00096-00059617-00060181": "so I swing my arm up I get my lower body going I stay behind I make sure I get everything done", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00097-00060181-00060805": "behind this a lot of times I see that people golfers don't release the club their driver", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00098-00060805-00061435": "at all I don't know how to release it so you're going to have to release this thing to get over it", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00099-00061435-00061783": "if we're trying to hang the handle it's going to want to stay low so releasing it", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00100-00061837-00062407": "means when this club gets to here it's not like an iron we want to be like this we don't want this", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00101-00062407-00062803": "massive shaft lean so a good way to learn how to do it is just grab it with your right hand", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00102-00062917-00063631": "and learn what it's like to go like this it's not rolling it's hitting it our hands in golf", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00103-00063631-00064441": "are supposed to move like this okay rolling is this we're not ever doing that and I tell", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00104-00064441-00065143": "you hit hard right hand it means do this move so because we go like this so if we're going to hit", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00105-00065143-00065575": "hard with the right hand I'm going to do this and then just when I turn see how I'm perfect", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00106-00065671-00066217": "I think the release mechanism will help you a ton too so I would rehearse it slow at first go", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00107-00066217-00067111": "okay what do I have to do to go from here it'll help not to uh when you don't really stunt you're", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00108-00067111-00067597": "gonna have to release some so you can get over it okay so just practicing that and feeling like okay", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00109-00068197-00069043": "boom over okay but notice I still have a nice firm left side I'm not back here I'm here", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00110-00069103-00069427": "I got this tilt back here which I can learn by going", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00111-00069649-00070315": "I got to get my hand here by this time right instead of it's like how do I say the body", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00112-00070315-00070777": "back behind here lower body is nice look how I'm stiff got his front legs like this big", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00113-00070777-00071275": "huge brace to hit against well my upper body goes like this and then I can get over it okay", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00114-00071341-00071965": "so just work on it feel like how do I get over this if you release it it's going to be easier", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00115-00071965-00072577": "but try to put it put a t there in practice until you can do it and you'll learn how to", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00116-00072577-00073207": "do it and you'll see it'll change your life okay um you'll get the distance that you deserve so", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00117-00073267-00073921": "two big things right now like for early extension I gave you one drill I have 50 of them", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00118-00074065-00074659": "I don't know which one's gonna work for you I know that's a great drill um most people like", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00119-00074659-00075343": "it you may hate it if you do Eric what else you got okay I really want to work on this but I can't", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00120-00075343-00075769": "work I hope that drill because I just I hate it that's why there's so many drills because I don't", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00121-00075769-00076579": "expect everybody to like the same one or feel it as effective but um it's getting that ankle", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00122-00076705-00077377": "see the roll in look how I roll in and then I'm on the inside of my foot coming up so I don't know", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00123-00077377-00077797": "if this that's probably a bad angle but from the front you could probably see the bus right here", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00124-00078031-00078097": "video here", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00125-00078349-00078979": "what you notice is your right knee is really going to stay in instead of ever coming out at all okay", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00126-00079075-00079417": "all right buddy thanks for everything appreciate you let me know if you have", "hl-OCApcn0Q-00127-00079417-00079939": "any questions about this and uh how I can help you further take care bye"}}, {"audio_id": "hlCxdIyN_Ku", "text": {"hlCxdIyN_Ku-00000-00000000-00001000": "(intro music)", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00001-00001010-00001274": "Today we are at the Swiss Innovation Day", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00002-00001286-00001506": "powered by SHS Swiss Hospitality Solutions", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00003-00001506-00001800": "in Zurich, Switzerland at the Maag Hall. #BackToTheFuture", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00004-00001800-00002104": "and in this very moment I am very happy to have with me", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00005-00002110-00002668": "Felix Suhner, Owner; Manager, Entrepeneur at the Hotel Group", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00006-00002668-00003036": "the 'Balance Hotels' - is that correct?", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00007-00003036-00003148": "- Balance Familie, yes. -", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00008-00003160-00003310": "Exactly, Balance Familie.", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00009-00003333-00003578": "Thank you very much for taking the time to join us.", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00010-00003614-00003914": "And thank you for being here today. It's great to finally be able to speak", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00011-00003914-00004132": "personally to one another. - Great, Thank you. Likewise. -", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00012-00004136-00004418": "It's an absolute pleasure.", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00013-00004418-00004720": "- Felix, my very first question - for everyone", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00014-00004736-00004874": "who is not familiar with your hotel group:", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00015-00004886-00005186": "what is there to know about the Balance Family?", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00016-00005296-00005644": "The Balance Family is a family owned hotel group", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00017-00005660-00006214": "entirely owned by our family", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00018-00006252-00006592": "we are thinking sustainable and long-term in values", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00019-00006734-00007076": "'The good life' - That is our claim.", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00020-00007076-00007414": "And that is how we also strive to live and work in our properties", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00021-00007430-00007744": "that is how we want to engage with our employees", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00022-00007756-00007981": "and create worlds of comfort and well being for our guests.", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00023-00007998-00008434": "That is certainly the central guiding principle to us.", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00024-00008450-00008748": "Sustainability, also in the sense of long-term orientation", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00025-00008762-00009050": "a long-term approach and", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00026-00009066-00009350": "comfort and well being surroundings that we want to create", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00027-00009368-00009650": "in an unique way for our guests", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00028-00009662-00009880": "that won't be found in other places that particular way.", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00029-00009906-00010225": "- You've already touched a few of the points", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00030-00010226-00010448": "concering my next question. Namely", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00031-00010462-00010817": "how important are employer branding and", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00032-00010818-00011050": "company/organizational culture for your company?", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00033-00011062-00011362": "Certainly of great importance to us are the practiced values", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00034-00011380-00011608": "implementation thereof, as well", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00035-00011626-00012292": "the implementation is central in the relationship with our teams,", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00036-00012312-00012936": "but also in the relationship with our guests, by showing genuine friendliness", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00037-00012950-00013432": "and in order to have genuinely friendly employees, we need to recruit the right ones", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00038-00013450-00013684": "and need to lead them in the right way,", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00039-00013704-00014419": "to make sure that everything fits together harmoniously", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00040-00014438-00014752": "to achieve a high level of satisfaction.", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00041-00014810-00015230": "That's what we are striving for within our hotel group,", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00042-00015246-00015882": "we empower and promote talents and employees, that show ambitions", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00043-00015896-00016141": "and are eager to develop", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00044-00016141-00016416": "we do promote those. We call this approach 'Home Growth Management'", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00045-00016420-00016856": "and that's how they develop to attain leadership roles", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00046-00016872-00017544": "for example, the hoteliere and host in charge of our biggest property", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00047-00017562-00017800": "the 'Seerose Resort & Spa'", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00048-00017816-00018126": "she has been with us for 17 years already - Wow! -", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00049-00018148-00018540": "She started as Assistant Housekeeping Manager", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00050-00018560-00019184": "then after stations as Head of Housekeeping, Hotel Manager she became my deputy", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00051-00019200-00019462": "and started taking over the entire property six years ago operationally", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00052-00019478-00020020": "I was able after 20 years to hand over all operational responsibilities to her eventually and", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00053-00020036-00020282": "and my responsibility now is the  development of the hotel group at large", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00054-00020282-00020608": "This shows that you are doing something right", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00055-00020624-00020960": "when team colleagues stay that long and continually develop further", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00056-00020976-00021234": "That is great, indeed. If it plays out in this way.", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00057-00021246-00021670": "and that is what is really bringing so much joy", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00058-00021672-00022128": "this is fun, on the one hand to have companions", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00059-00022148-00022416": "and on the other hand it is fun to", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00060-00022428-00022736": "continuing the development of the company,", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00061-00022748-00023024": "creating and building something new,", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00062-00023036-00023228": "that's really a lot of fun.", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00063-00023238-00023610": "In your opinion, what skills and competencies", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00064-00023618-00023924": "make a good leader, today?", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00065-00023934-00024128": "Especially when looking at your company?", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00066-00024138-00024392": "What are you looking for?", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00067-00024424-00024838": "Ich think a basic requirement is", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00068-00024852-00025148": "being able to lead the employees", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00069-00025160-00025354": "the ability to recognize talent,and also", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00070-00025354-00025772": "to be able to deal with the Generation Y", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00071-00025783-00026324": "the hierarchy thinking of the old days doesn't work with them anymore", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00072-00026336-00026539": "although recently during the Corona crisis", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00073-00026552-00026742": "some clear directives were needed", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00074-00026780-00027210": "We need to convince the employees", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00075-00027210-00027316": "by getting their buy-in", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00076-00027322-00027630": "so that they are convinced of our core values", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00077-00027630-00027883": "from our basic attitude, and", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00078-00027883-00028174": "do support what we plan for our guests", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00079-00028174-00028462": "and that's how they become intrinsically motivated", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00080-00028462-00028845": "and to achieve excellent performance, self-motivated", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00081-00028912-00029032": "That makes sense.", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00082-00029048-00029302": "You touched it yourself: The Corona Crisis", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00083-00029312-00029510": "we are in the middle of a pandemic", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00084-00029530-00029826": "Not the easiest months are behind us.", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00085-00029870-00030227": "What have been the biggest learnings for you", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00086-00030242-00030570": "as an entrepreneur from the past months?", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00087-00030612-00030892": "First of all: It was incredibly exciting.", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00088-00030892-00031080": "(nods)", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00089-00031080-00031372": "And it will remain being impressive, won't it?", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00090-00031382-00031889": "So many additional brain wires have been built", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00091-00031904-00032238": "because, during times of routines in our normal live", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00092-00032258-00032458": "we are only using the main streets in our brain", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00093-00032458-00032658": "we know them, we know what works well", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00094-00032658-00033026": "and now many additional, new streets have been added", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00095-00033052-00033572": "because we all have been faced with situations", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00096-00033598-00033850": "which we could not have imagined prior", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00097-00033868-00034208": "and have been incredibly exciting in terms of decision making", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00098-00034224-00034596": "and at times when we met as leadership team in the morning", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00099-00034610-00034980": "we had to reconsider and change everything again in the late afternoon", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00100-00034980-00035512": "everything we had decided earlier was", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00101-00035528-00035764": "invalid a few hours later", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00102-00035764-00036008": "a shock at first, and then", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00103-00036018-00036440": "because I am an incurable optimist", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00104-00036452-00036565": "that's part of it", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00105-00036566-00037068": "we embraced the situation by thinking about", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00106-00037068-00037318": "what are we doing currently and how are we doing it?", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00107-00037318-00037450": "where and what are changes needed?", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00108-00037450-00037636": "Where are our opportunities?", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00109-00037636-00037864": "What might be our niche and our chance", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00110-00037940-00038223": "for a healthy recovery from the - yes, let's name it", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00111-00038223-00038529": "what is is: a crisis, 2 months lockdown", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00112-00038530-00038710": "ordered by the government", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00113-00038718-00038890": "we have to close down", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00114-00038890-00039158": "- How long have you been closed for?", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00115-00039174-00039500": "From the 16th March until the 11th May -", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00116-00039508-00039872": "just as ordered by the Swiss government", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00117-00039888-00040544": "and we were back from the first hour of the reopening,", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00118-00040550-00040788": "in all properties", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00119-00040808-00041046": "If I understood correctly, your main target group", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00120-00041068-00041228": "are Swiss guests. Is that correct?", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00121-00041242-00041434": "Yes, that's correct. (nods)", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00122-00041452-00041680": "Have you observed a change in guests behavior", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00123-00041700-00042046": "during the last months, that have", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00124-00042064-00042244": "led to a adjusted approach in terms of", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00125-00042244-00042514": "how you market your product, or", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00126-00042528-00042698": "as well as in terms of operations?", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00127-00042988-00043316": "Yes, a sensitization of the guests has taken place", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00128-00043324-00043648": "security is certainly important", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00129-00043666-00044164": "then it was also noticeable, that", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00130-00044174-00044420": "the Swiss wanted to have a good time", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00131-00044420-00044732": "after having spent two months at home,", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00132-00044748-00045122": "that's nice at times, but nevertheless", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00133-00045132-00045412": "to be in a different comfort surrounding,", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00134-00045412-00045630": "enjoying yourself, being spoilt,", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00135-00045664-00046200": "to enjoy a Thai massage in the spa", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00136-00046210-00046504": "just being right at the lake", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00137-00046504-00046795": "surrounded by a wonderful nature", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00138-00046796-00047092": "these are all factors our guests were", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00139-00047110-00047312": "certainly longing for", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00140-00047334-00047617": "and we have felt that", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00141-00047617-00047890": "they were very satisfied and also now", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00142-00047905-00048065": "during the summertime,", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00143-00048066-00048426": "we had really many guests visiting", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00144-00048426-00048860": "and that absolutely amazed us,", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00145-00048878-00049070": "and exceeded our own expectations.", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00146-00049070-00049418": "Great. Thank you, Felix for these interesting insights.", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00147-00049468-00049856": "I am wishing you a good time at the Swiss Innovation Day.", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00148-00049856-00050018": "Good conversations and I am looking forward", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00149-00050018-00050232": "to toast this evening at the networking event.", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00150-00050234-00050460": "Yes, Thank you. - Thank you for your time.", "hlCxdIyN_Ku-00151-00050460-00051872": "(music)"}}, {"audio_id": "hlXaAjxDDs4", "text": {"hlXaAjxDDs4-00000-00000608-00001116": "JUST IN: Mark Judge Issues Shocking NEW Letter – Reveals Huge Info About Kavanaugh Case", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00001-00001116-00001632": "Isn’t it great to see the Democrat Party narrative finally starting to unravel?", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00002-00001632-00002004": "The Daily Caller is reporting that the one and the only man who was allegedly present", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00003-00002004-00002468": "when Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh allegedly sexually assault Dr. Christine Blasey", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00004-00002468-00002860": "Ford has now sent a letter to the Chairman and ranking member of the Senate Judiciary", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00005-00002860-00003272": "Committee refuting the third accuser’s claims of sexual misconduct.", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00006-00003272-00003653": "The letter said that the allegations in the Swetnick affidavit are so bizarre that even", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00007-00003653-00004101": "while this man was suffering from his addiction he would have remembered actions so outlandish.", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00008-00004101-00004386": "So he went on to categorically deny them.", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00009-00004386-00004791": "The statement also went on to refute Swetnick’s claims that Judge and Kavanaugh had drugged", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00010-00004791-00005182": "women and forced them into gang rape scenarios while they were intoxicated while they were", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00011-00005182-00005326": "in high school.", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00012-00005326-00005715": "The letter then went on to conclude by saying “I will cooperate with any law enforcement", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00013-00005715-00006153": "agency that is assigned to confidentially investigate these allegations.”", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00014-00006153-00006394": "Here is more on Swetnick via Fox News:", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00015-00006394-00006867": "“The third woman to accuse Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh of sexual misconduct", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00016-00006867-00007272": "faced “inappropriate conduct” allegations of her own during her brief employment with", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00017-00007272-00007584": "an Oregon tech firm, according to reports.", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00018-00007584-00008201": "In a lawsuit filed in 2000, Portland-based Webtrends alleged that Julie Swetnick, 55,", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00019-00008201-00008704": "falsely claimed to be a Johns Hopkins University alum and fabricated her prior work experience,", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00020-00008704-00008891": "the Oregonian reported.", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00021-00008891-00009237": "The company voluntarily dismissed the lawsuit after a month.", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00022-00009237-00009663": "Swetnick’s attorney, Michael Avenatti, called the case “completely bogus.”", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00023-00009663-00010149": "“This lawsuit never had any merit as evidenced by how quickly it was dismissed,” Avenatti", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00024-00010149-00010319": "told the paper in an email.", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00025-00010319-00010850": "“It was originally filed in retaliation for my client making claims against the company.”", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00026-00010850-00011302": "Swetnick worked for the company off-site for a few months in 2000 as a professional services", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00027-00011302-00011608": "engineer, according to the paper.", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00028-00011608-00012003": "Allegations laid out against her in the lawsuit include engaging in unwelcome sexually offensive", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00029-00012003-00012542": "conduct and making false and retaliatory allegations that other co-workers had engaged in inappropriate", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00030-00012542-00012720": "conduct toward her.", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00031-00012720-00013168": "The suit claimed Swetnick engaged in unwelcome sexual innuendo with two male employees at", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00032-00013168-00013547": "a business lunch with clients present and that she claimed two other co-workers sexually", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00033-00013547-00013666": "harassed her.", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00034-00013666-00014145": "Webtrends, a web analytics company, determined Swetnick acted inappropriately but could not", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00035-00014145-00014433": "prove the allegations against her co-workers.", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00036-00014433-00014935": "“Based on its investigations, Webtrends determined that Swetnick had engaged in inappropriate", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00037-00014935-00015403": "conduct, but that no corroborating evidence existed to support Swetnick’s allegations", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00038-00015403-00015677": "against her coworkers,” the complaint said.", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00039-00015677-00016183": "“Based on its investigations, Webtrends determined that Swetnick had engaged in inappropriate", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00040-00016183-00016644": "conduct, but that no corroborating evidence existed to support Swetnick’s allegations", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00041-00016644-00016843": "against her coworkers.”", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00042-00016843-00017220": "The Daily Caller reported that Swetnick took a leave of absence during her employment for", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00043-00017220-00017741": "sinus issues in July 2000 and was given short-term disability payments.", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00044-00017741-00018195": "One week after the payments stopped in mid-August, Webtrends received a note from Swetnick’s", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00045-00018195-00018663": "doctor claiming she suffered a nervous breakdown and needed to take another leave of absence.", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00046-00018663-00019045": "Weeks later, the company was informed that she had applied for unemployment benefits", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00047-00019045-00019252": "in Washington, D.C.", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00048-00019252-00019668": "She never explained to Webtrends’ human resources staff why she applied for the benefits", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00049-00019668-00020176": "and claimed they had illegally tried to obtain her privileged medical information.", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00050-00020176-00020678": "In 2001, after her employment with the company ended, Swetnick’s ex-boyfriend filed a restraining", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00051-00020678-00021035": "order against her in Florida, Politico reported.", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00052-00021035-00021487": "Richard Vinneccy claimed that Swetnick threatened him and his family after he ended their four-year", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00053-00021487-00021587": "relationship.", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00054-00021587-00022016": "“She was threatening my family, threatening my wife and threatening to do harm to my baby", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00055-00022016-00022282": "at that time,” Vinneccy told Politico.", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00056-00022282-00022450": "“I know a lot about her.", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00057-00022450-00022695": "She’s not credible at all,” he said.", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00058-00022695-00022848": "“Not at all.”", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00059-00022848-00023268": "Avenatti called Vinneccy’s assertions against his client “complete nonsense,” according", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00060-00023268-00023394": "to the report.", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00061-00023394-00023701": "“No truth to this at all,” he said.", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00062-00023701-00024094": "Swetnick became the third women to accuse Kavanaugh of sexual misconduct.", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00063-00024094-00024551": "In a sworn statement to a judge, she said Kavanaugh was “verbally abusive toward girls,”", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00064-00024551-00024959": "a “mean drunk” and would “spike” the punch at high school house parties.", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00065-00024959-00025330": "Swetnick added that she remembered seeing Kavanaugh and other boys lined up outside", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00066-00025330-00025691": "a room at a party, waiting for their “turn” with an inebriated girl.", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00067-00025691-00026160": "“In approximately 1982, I became the victim of one of these ‘gang’ or ‘train’", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00068-00026160-00026587": "rapes where Mark Judge and Brett Kavanaugh were present,” Swetnick says in her statement,", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00069-00026587-00026894": "though she didn’t explicitly accuse Kavanaugh of assaulting her.", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00070-00026894-00027315": "“During the incident, I was incapacitated without my consent and unable to fight off", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00071-00027315-00027449": "the boys raping me.", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00072-00027449-00027962": "I believe I was drugged using Quaaludes or something similar placed in what I was drinking.”", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00073-00027962-00028374": "On Thursday the White House instructed the FBI to question two women who have alleged", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00074-00028374-00028777": "sexual misconduct by Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh.", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00075-00028777-00029209": "But the parameters of the new and limited FBI probe don’t include interviewing Swetnick,", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00076-00029209-00029511": "according to a report on Saturday in the Wall Street Journal.”", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00077-00029511-00029908": "This whole narrative is unraveling right before the Democrat Party’s eyes.", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00078-00029908-00030322": "None of these two women who have come forward or Dr. Ford who was forced to come forward", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00079-00030322-00030708": "because Diane Feinstein’s office allegedly leaked her letter which she wanted to keep", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00080-00030708-00030987": "confidential are credible at this point.", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00081-00030987-00031339": "You would think that if the Democrat Party would have taken time to actually plan their", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00082-00031339-00031769": "strategy they would have at least found more credible actors to sell their narrative, but", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00083-00031769-00032140": "since they believe the American people to be stupid they did a poor job at planning", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00084-00032140-00032437": "this whole political takedown of an innocent man.", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00085-00032437-00032903": "Apparently, Democrat politicians have spent so much time in Hollywood that they actually", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00086-00032903-00033291": "have come to believe that the American People as a whole are just as foolish and stupid", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00087-00033291-00033465": "as the majority of celebrities.", "hlXaAjxDDs4-00088-00033465-00034778": "Boy, are they in for a wake-up call come these November Midterms!"}}, {"audio_id": "hmNdqy8bGNI", "text": {"hmNdqy8bGNI-00000-00003236-00003369": "Thank you all for coming.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00001-00003369-00004156": "I'm really pleased to be here, and I give a lot of credit to Dave for", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00002-00004156-00004367": "being patient with me and my schedule.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00003-00004367-00004752": "I know you've tried for quite awhile, and I'm glad I'm finally", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00004-00004752-00004897": "able to make it.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00005-00004897-00005530": "I'd also like to recognize a couple of my colleagues that without whom", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00006-00005530-00005910": "I wouldn't have been able to do this work and", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00007-00005910-00006049": "who continue the work.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00008-00006049-00006798": "As Larry said, I'm retired as of last February.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00009-00006798-00007478": "Although I continue as a fish biologist and as an aquatic contaminant biologist,", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00010-00007478-00007845": "my work right now on the Missouri River is spotty.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00011-00007845-00008531": "I still have a lot of writing to do and getting this information out into the scientific", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00012-00008531-00008631": "literature.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00013-00008631-00009239": "We were so busy collecting and analyzing data and making the reports that", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00014-00009239-00009536": "we had to make that a lot of it didn't get into the", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00015-00009536-00009693": "peer-reviewed science literature.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00016-00009693-00010097": "So, that's one of my retiree tasks.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00017-00010097-00010638": "Aaron Deloney, whose photograph this is and whose photographs you'll", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00018-00010638-00010932": "see throughout my presentation, remains as an", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00019-00010932-00011699": "ecologist at the Columbia Environmental Research Center in Columbia where we did all of this", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00020-00011699-00012128": "work.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00021-00012128-00012517": "He's been working on the reproductive biology of", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00022-00012517-00013150": "the pallid sturgeon for probably over 15 years and", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00023-00013150-00013916": "has been tracking them all the way from Gavin's Point Dam down to St. Louis and working with", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00024-00013916-00014237": "those in the Mississippi to understand the link", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00025-00014237-00014719": "between the Missouri and the Mississippi populations.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00026-00014719-00014922": "The other person that's been instrumental and", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00027-00014922-00015375": "continues working on the Missouri River and the", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00028-00015375-00015808": "sturgeon habitat issues is Rob Jacobson.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00029-00015808-00016386": "He's a hydrologist there, and he is also the branch", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00030-00016386-00016763": "chief for the river studies group that has a big", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00031-00016763-00017344": "team there for working on Missouri River issues", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00032-00017344-00017569": "and also the shovelnose sturgeon.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00033-00017569-00017772": "We can't forget that it's also in trouble.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00034-00017772-00018179": "So, tonight what I would like to do is talk about", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00035-00018179-00018661": "research that I started in about 2000 when, very", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00036-00018661-00019220": "innocently, we wanted to begin to understand the", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00037-00019220-00019587": "reproductive biology of the pallid sturgeon on the", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00038-00019587-00019956": "Missouri River and where it was spawning.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00039-00019956-00020669": "At the time, we were tasked with understanding better", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00040-00020669-00021057": "how the dams, specifically, were perhaps interfering", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00041-00021057-00021461": "with the cues that the fish needed.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00042-00021461-00021868": "But without understanding the basic biology, it was hard", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00043-00021868-00022231": "to fit in how the environmental cues might be", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00044-00022231-00022848": "disrupting the actual spawning activity or not.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00045-00022848-00023533": "So, as a fish reproductive biologist, that was", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00046-00023533-00023744": "what I took on.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00047-00023744-00024122": "Going out, measuring hormones at different stages, looking at reproductive", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00048-00024122-00024709": "organs, and lo and behold, in 2000-2001, I started", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00049-00024709-00025069": "seeing a lot of shovelnose sturgeon with an intersex", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00050-00025069-00025310": "condition.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00051-00025310-00025893": "As a trained fish biologist, I knew that fish were capable of this, but I was", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00052-00025893-00026227": "pretty surprised to see it in a freshwater fish.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00053-00026227-00026612": "Most of the fish that have hermaphroditic stages are", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00054-00026612-00026912": "marine.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00055-00026912-00027291": "It's a very uncommon conditions.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00056-00027291-00027750": "Fast-forward to today, you'll see quite a bit of", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00057-00027750-00028214": "what we've learned, and also, sadly, what we still", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00058-00028214-00028602": "don't understand about this condition in this fish", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00059-00028602-00029028": "and what we're seeing on the landscape in terms of", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00060-00029028-00029850": "fishes across the country and around the globe that are popping up with an intersex condition", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00061-00029850-00029964": "and what that means.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00062-00029964-00030218": "How do we interpret that?", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00063-00030218-00030495": "So, let's begin.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00064-00030495-00031047": "I'm going to talk about our findings, for sure, but I want to give you", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00065-00031047-00031317": "a lot of background so that you can put this in", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00066-00031317-00031908": "perspective and do some of your own critical thinking.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00067-00031908-00032368": "We don't have the answers yet on any of this, and I think that the more people who", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00068-00032368-00032963": "are thinking about it, who are making observations,", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00069-00032963-00033334": "as many of you are out there, and if you are", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00070-00033334-00033603": "a fisherman, if you happen to look inside fish", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00071-00033603-00034076": "and you see things that look a little fishy, perhaps", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00072-00034076-00034612": "you'll start adding some things up or at least making some notes and maybe some comments", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00073-00034612-00034890": "to people like myself in a research position", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00074-00034890-00035095": "that may pursue it.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00075-00035095-00035917": "So, some background on intersex biology, what some of the causes can be, and", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00076-00035917-00036535": "besides some of the more environmental temperatures and those kinds of causes, what", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00077-00036535-00036782": "kind of chemicals out there can cause intersex,", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00078-00036782-00037252": "because certainly they can, and finally, what we do", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00079-00037252-00037456": "and don't know.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00080-00037456-00038336": "So, a lot of open fish gonad pictures up here, which after supper some people are a little", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00081-00038336-00038436": "queasy about.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00082-00038436-00039281": "Hopefully you're all seasoned enough river people that they will just go right by.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00083-00039281-00040227": "On your left is a nice black-egged female, and on", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00084-00040227-00041014": "the left here you see the testes of a male.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00085-00041014-00041306": "Both of these fish are normal, male and female, and we use", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00086-00041306-00041759": "the term gynocharistic for such fish that have", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00087-00041759-00042189": "a stable male and a stable female phenotype.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00088-00042189-00043066": "What we've been seeing in the Missouri River, and", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00089-00043066-00043513": "because we use the shovelnose as a surrogate, most", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00090-00043513-00043788": "of the pictures you are going to see are shovelnose.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00091-00043788-00044130": "We have very few pallids, and you of course understand that they're endangered.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00092-00044130-00044341": "We can't just be opening them up and killing", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00093-00044341-00044748": "them off like this.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00094-00044748-00045312": "What we're seeing is testes with clusters of black eggs.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00095-00045312-00045814": "Black eggs meaning that they're mature, right?", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00096-00045814-00045994": "They're ready to be spawned when they're black.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00097-00045994-00046532": "They go through phase colors, and you'll see some of that in a few slides,", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00098-00046532-00046808": "but once they're black that means they've matured", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00099-00046808-00047163": "in this animal.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00100-00047163-00047701": "In this animal we actually have a testes on one side, and on the other side", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00101-00047701-00047801": "we have an ovary.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00102-00047801-00048438": "Here are some other examples.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00103-00048438-00049281": "Now this one over here is an earlier stage.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00104-00049281-00049680": "You can see the yellow and the clear eggs up in here, but", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00105-00049680-00050112": "this is testes in here and also there's quite a bit", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00106-00050112-00050212": "of fat there.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00107-00050212-00050863": "I don't know if you can see the slight almost lamellar folds they're called.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00108-00050863-00051500": "So, there's folding in here, and that's what the eggs", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00109-00051500-00051807": "are adhered to.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00110-00051807-00052133": "Here you can see the yellow eggs amongst black.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00111-00052133-00052754": "This is because the mature eggs in this intersex animal actually absorbed the", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00112-00052754-00053154": "previous year, so you still see remnants of them.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00113-00053154-00053308": "Here is just the remnants.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00114-00053308-00053623": "No new eggs have been recruited.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00115-00053623-00054402": "So, we see a lot of different phenotypes, and I wanted to show you what", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00116-00054402-00054763": "this looks like in the normal female ovary in the", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00117-00054763-00054913": "very early stages.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00118-00054913-00055563": "Here are these folds that I was speaking about in here, and then this is fat.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00119-00055563-00056139": "Often times, we'll get samples from people that", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00120-00056139-00056537": "have picked up a sturgeon and they see this fat in", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00121-00056537-00056833": "here, and they think that it's testicular issue.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00122-00056833-00057173": "If you happen to be one of those people, all you", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00123-00057173-00057625": "have to do is take the fat or the testes and put", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00124-00057625-00057775": "it in water.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00125-00057775-00057920": "Testes will sink, fat will float.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00126-00057920-00058450": "It's a really easy test to check on that.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00127-00058450-00058931": "Again, here is the combination where we have the", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00128-00058931-00059445": "folds and the testicular tissue here, a very thin", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00129-00059445-00060183": "piece of fat in there adipose tissue.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00130-00060183-00060625": "After this gross view, let's look at the microscopic view.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00131-00060625-00061229": "Over here, you see what looks to be an almost mature egg.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00132-00061229-00061604": "This is the nucleus or the germinal vesicle here.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00133-00061604-00062286": "These are protein globules with telegenin and it's moving towards", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00134-00062286-00062537": "the animal pole here, which means that it's very", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00135-00062537-00062741": "close to being mature.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00136-00062741-00063176": "Here you can even see the melanin, which makes the egg black.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00137-00063176-00063687": "Juxtaposed next to that, you see testicular tissue, so", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00138-00063687-00063924": "this is what it would look like in those earlier", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00139-00063924-00064433": "pictures of the black egg on the testes.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00140-00064433-00064823": "A lot of times though, we can't even see the eggs because", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00141-00064823-00065185": "they're internal in the very early stage, and", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00142-00065185-00065499": "that's what this photograph is showing.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00143-00065499-00065779": "This is a spent male, actually.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00144-00065779-00066432": "All of this is testicular tissue, and these are sperm here, but they're", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00145-00066432-00067224": "residual, meaning that they're from the previous spawn and will be resorbed into the fish.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00146-00067224-00067685": "In there are some earlier stage oocytes as well.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00147-00067685-00068141": "We wouldn't even know this animal was an intersex", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00148-00068141-00068514": "fish if we hadn't done the histology on it.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00149-00068514-00068994": "It wasn't apparent grossly.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00150-00068994-00069668": "So even though we're counting fish as we do necropsies in some", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00151-00069668-00070227": "of our sampling, unless we have an established protocol", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00152-00070227-00070787": "for being able to sample the testes and look at it", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00153-00070787-00071080": "microscopically, we have to believe that we are", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00154-00071080-00071527": "missing a certain percentage in our counting.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00155-00071527-00072011": "There are a few more pictures.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00156-00072011-00072563": "Oocytes along the surface here, spermatic tissue in here, the", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00157-00072563-00073264": "darker being the spermatozoa, and another picture", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00158-00073264-00073560": "over here.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00159-00073560-00073869": "So that's what we see at the microscopic level, and I thought I'd throw this one in", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00160-00073869-00074201": "just because it's a little interesting that this", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00161-00074201-00074707": "is the adipose tissue that if you think about a cross", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00162-00074707-00075112": "section of some of the pictures that I showed you,", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00163-00075112-00075473": "this being the testicular tissue, and this is the", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00164-00075473-00076286": "fat adipose tissue, and in here we were finding oocytes, lots of different configurations.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00165-00076286-00076827": "What does it mean? that was the first thing that I", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00166-00076827-00077981": "said to myself when I saw these intersex animals starting to appear in our catches after I", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00167-00077981-00078243": "realized that I couldn't categorize them as either", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00168-00078243-00078679": "male or female and had to put them to one side in", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00169-00078679-00079039": "my pursuit of what the normal reproductive biology", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00170-00079039-00079622": "was in the Missouri River sturgeon.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00171-00079622-00080043": "I started becoming very curious about what these fish", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00172-00080043-00080143": "were telling us.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00173-00080143-00080991": "I don't know if you recall, but about the same time, across the country there were", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00174-00080991-00081282": "being red flags raised about endocrine disrupting", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00175-00081282-00081845": "chemicals and about fishes in the Patomik river,", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00176-00081845-00083005": "fishes in the Hudson River, and various places that were presenting with these kinds of problems,", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00177-00083005-00083550": "but they were only being observed at the microscopic level.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00178-00083550-00084017": "No one was seeing anything as dramatic as what we were seeing here in the", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00179-00084017-00084468": "shovelnose with mature eggs and mature sperm.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00180-00084468-00084845": "So, this was a very extreme case of what other", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00181-00084845-00085175": "people were starting to observe on the landscape,", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00182-00085175-00085692": "and what people were attributing this intersex", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00183-00085692-00086179": "condition in other fishes to was endocrine disrupting chemicals.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00184-00086179-00086674": "I thought, well if that's true in the Missouri River, let's see what", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00185-00086674-00086774": "we kind find out.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00186-00086774-00087261": "You know, start doing the usual literature search stuff.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00187-00087261-00087807": "One would expect that in the Missouri River, we would have higher near", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00188-00087807-00088738": "cities where you have a higher input of chemicals that you might have over time, an increase", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00189-00088738-00089074": "in the percentage of males that had this condition", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00190-00089074-00089585": "as we become a more contaminated society.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00191-00089585-00090006": "I was able to go back to about the 1960s when they first", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00192-00090006-00090318": "started closing some of the dams, and that's when", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00193-00090318-00090647": "some of the agency folks, the biologists, were out", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00194-00090647-00090937": "there really looking at these fish, opening up lots", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00195-00090937-00091158": "of fish, and trying to understand the effects", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00196-00091158-00091680": "of the closing of the river and the building of the", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00197-00091680-00091818": "reservoirs on these fish.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00198-00091818-00092081": "So, we had some good data.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00199-00092081-00092875": "Because in these very grossly intersex animals you see black eggs", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00200-00092875-00093445": "and white testes, we could easily have people", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00201-00093445-00093757": "say, \"Yep, that's an intersex\" and quantify them.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00202-00093757-00094242": "So, we were picking up information in the literature", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00203-00094242-00094937": "at places like Lake Owahee, up at the Louis and", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00204-00094937-00095154": "Clark Lake up here.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00205-00095154-00095716": "There were reports later on in Nebraska and the Platt River and down here", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00206-00095716-00097062": "around Columbia and then St. Louis.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00207-00097062-00098042": "There really wasn't a good", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00208-00098042-00098816": "set of data that we felt real confident in that we could look at, so we wanted to take", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00209-00098816-00099014": "a snapshot at what we were looking at at this", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00210-00099014-00099256": "time.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00211-00099256-00100457": "With the Missouri Department of Conservation, we", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00212-00100457-00101806": "went out in 2008 and looked at what the percentage of intersex males were in a sampling of 15", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00213-00101806-00102164": "males from each one of these locations beginning", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00214-00102164-00102624": "at St. Joe all the way down to Crystal City and then", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00215-00102624-00103066": "up the Mississippi a little bit.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00216-00103066-00103719": "We wanted to see if that was at all corresponding with any known", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00217-00103719-00104550": "points on the landscape, and we did see, interestingly enough, a little bit of a bump", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00218-00104550-00104675": "up in the percentage.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00219-00104675-00105685": "So, this would be 17 of the males that we captured down below Kansas City.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00220-00105685-00106059": "Then if you go down below the sewage treatment plant", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00221-00106059-00106307": "down around Columbia, you see that little bump", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00222-00106307-00106505": "up.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00223-00106505-00106722": "These aren't the percentages, these are the number", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00224-00106722-00106822": "of animals.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00225-00106822-00107865": "So, here it would have been almost 23%, and here about 14% of 16 animals.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00226-00107865-00108004": "Alright.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00227-00108004-00108720": "So, we thought, \"Maybe there is something associated here between inputs into the river", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00228-00108720-00109543": "and the distribution of intersex.\"", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00229-00109543-00110065": "Going back to that historic occurrence over time,", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00230-00110065-00110435": "another little piece of evidence was that there", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00231-00110435-00110954": "seemed to be an increase in the number.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00232-00110954-00111383": "This is the percent of males, again, of the total", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00233-00111383-00111916": "catch that was intersex, and later on, our data", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00234-00111916-00112269": "was of the total number of males.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00235-00112269-00112703": "You can see a slight increase from about 2%, maybe a little bit", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00236-00112703-00113085": "more, to about 7% here, and then when you're looking", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00237-00113085-00113453": "at just the number of males, we were up to 12%", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00238-00113453-00113799": "of the fish that had this condition, which is pretty", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00239-00113799-00113899": "high.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00240-00113899-00114530": "As a matter of fact, I just read a paper on short nosed sturgeon from the east coast,", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00241-00114530-00114841": "and they're seeing just about the same portion", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00242-00114841-00115223": "of males that are intersex, kind of interesting,", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00243-00115223-00115527": "in the Chesapeake Bay area and the Delaware river", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00244-00115527-00115771": "and some of these other kind of contaminated", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00245-00115771-00115980": "locations.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00246-00115980-00116395": "Again, what does this mean?", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00247-00116395-00116495": "Why do we care?", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00248-00116495-00116823": "Well, as I said earlier, with the understanding", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00249-00116823-00117175": "that endocrine disrupting chemicals can affect", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00250-00117175-00118111": "the phenotypic sex of a fish when they're exposed,", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00251-00118111-00118583": "people started using intersex as a bioindicator.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00252-00118583-00118849": "If you saw intersex in fish, then they were kind", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00253-00118849-00119114": "of drawing a line and saying, \"Okay.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00254-00119114-00119449": "There's a good likelihood that there's an endocrine", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00255-00119449-00119835": "disrupting chemical out there that's causing this.\"", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00256-00119835-00120247": "We do know that it's not normal in sturgeon.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00257-00120247-00120902": "There is enough biology that's been done on sturgeon globally on all the populations", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00258-00120902-00121230": "and especially in Russia.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00259-00121230-00122127": "They know for a fact that they should not have an intersex phase.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00260-00122127-00122370": "What we don't understand is what are the reproductive", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00261-00122370-00122686": "consequences of this?", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00262-00122686-00123202": "You're seeing males that have developed eggs, but they also have developed", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00263-00123202-00124004": "sperm, and we are seeing that they're spawning because we'll see them with mature spermatozoa", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00264-00124004-00124589": "and then released, and their cysts are empty or", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00265-00124589-00124689": "near empty.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00266-00124689-00125144": "So, they are spawning.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00267-00125144-00125410": "We're not sure yet whether statistically we can", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00268-00125410-00125882": "say that it's on the increase.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00269-00125882-00126192": "One of the questions though is, is this indicative of", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00270-00126192-00126415": "other problems?", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00271-00126415-00127289": "Is this indicative of the fact that there have been lots of habitat changes?", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00272-00127289-00127610": "Does this kind of go along with that?", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00273-00127610-00128099": "Not knowing the cause, we're suspecting that its endocrine disrupting", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00274-00128099-00128508": "chemicals, but we don't know.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00275-00128508-00130095": "The reason we don't know is because of the plasticity of fish.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00276-00130095-00130576": "Going back to some early biology in how gametes", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00277-00130576-00131148": "form, we start out with a primary germ cell, the earliest", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00278-00131148-00131683": "stage of the gamete.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00279-00131683-00132061": "What happens is that this is by potential.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00280-00132061-00132991": "It can be either sperm or egg, and it will depend on its surrounding environment", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00281-00132991-00133587": "what it actually develops into, how it differentiates.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00282-00133587-00133785": "What comes into play here are going to be both", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00283-00133785-00134459": "genetics and also the hormonal environment that's", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00284-00134459-00134955": "in the fishes physiology.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00285-00134955-00135754": "The hypothalamus is going to be taking in the information from", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00286-00135754-00135854": "its environment.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00287-00135854-00136511": "It transduces the sensory information, and it produces the hormones.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00288-00136511-00137086": "The hormones then will affect the development,", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00289-00137086-00137519": "testosterone, shifting things towards the male", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00290-00137519-00138491": "line and production of sperm, and estrogens towards the production of eggs.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00291-00138491-00138875": "This will happen naturally and normally both through the genetics", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00292-00138875-00139702": "and the normal stimuli that occur within the environment, but we know that if you take", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00293-00139702-00140197": "fish from the environment, place them in an estrogenic", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00294-00140197-00140752": "solution of a testosterone solution, we can shift", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00295-00140752-00141066": "their phenotypic sex one way or another.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00296-00141066-00141388": "The same at hatcheries, and trout hatcheries do it", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00297-00141388-00141964": "all the time in their selection for certain lines", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00298-00141964-00142301": "and development of a brood stock.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00299-00142301-00142738": "So, we know that this is what I said earlier, a plastic situation,", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00300-00142738-00143014": "and you can shift this one way or another.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00301-00143014-00143838": "So, one would presume that also in the natural environment if they're exposed to a sufficient", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00302-00143838-00144189": "amount of estrogenic or androgenic chemical, this", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00303-00144189-00144872": "might also be occurring, but there are many other", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00304-00144872-00145327": "causes of hermaphrodism.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00305-00145327-00145795": "One of those is senescence.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00306-00145795-00146279": "These are very long living fish, as you know, but as the fish get older, their", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00307-00146279-00146727": "hormones start to shut down just like in people.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00308-00146727-00147648": "With that you get abnormalities in the development of the reproductive products.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00309-00147648-00147891": "For my research, and I'm not going to show any of that tonight,", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00310-00147891-00148219": "but for my research and looking at the samples that", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00311-00148219-00148557": "we have collected over the years, there is no", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00312-00148557-00148969": "relationship between the age of the fish and the", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00313-00148969-00149423": "presence of intersex.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00314-00149423-00151201": "The next cause could be, simply, genetic abnormalities, and those actually", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00315-00151201-00151458": "could be caused by radiation, it could be caused", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00316-00151458-00151833": "by hybridization, it could be caused by just some", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00317-00151833-00152414": "other genetic trait that's following through the", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00318-00152414-00152769": "fishes' line.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00319-00152769-00153197": "Hybridization though is very relevant to the Missouri River because as", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00320-00153197-00153601": "you know we have the 2 very closely related species,", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00321-00153601-00154007": "the shovelnose and the pallid, and that they are", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00322-00154007-00154107": "interbreeding.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00323-00154107-00154876": "In fact, hybridization, although it's not been a very well quantified problem", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00324-00154876-00155469": "in the river, it is believed to be a serious", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00325-00155469-00155851": "problem because the species aren't separated well", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00326-00155851-00156417": "enough, and we don't really understand yet what", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00327-00156417-00156832": "hybridization is doing to the pallid population.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00328-00156832-00157141": "It's something that people really need to look at.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00329-00157141-00157646": "Again, through the research that we've done so far", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00330-00157646-00157996": "in looking at the intersex fish, we're not seeing", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00331-00157996-00158515": "any relationship between hybrids and only hybrids", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00332-00158515-00159029": "having this intersex condition.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00333-00159029-00159511": "Radiation is possible but in our situation it's not a likely", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00334-00159511-00159979": "problem for the sturgeon.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00335-00159979-00160810": "Diet can be a contributor to intersex fish fed phytoestrogens", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00336-00160810-00160942": "for instance.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00337-00160942-00161220": "Soy is a phytoestrogen.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00338-00161220-00161607": "In hatcheries, you'll see some of the fish, be", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00339-00161607-00161970": "it salmonids, be it sturgeons, developing this", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00340-00161970-00162401": "intersex condition, but we're not convinced that", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00341-00162401-00163403": "in the Missouri River and other natural environments that this is a big enough factor.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00342-00163403-00163657": "Temperature is another one.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00343-00163657-00164195": "Going back to the hormonal environments in which these developing", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00344-00164195-00164898": "gametes exist, you have temperature having an", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00345-00164898-00165340": "effect on the levels of hormones that exist.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00346-00165340-00165615": "Temperature is going to affect the enzymes that", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00347-00165615-00166353": "are in the pathways for the production of various", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00348-00166353-00166651": "hormones, and so an increase in temperature can", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00349-00166651-00167162": "lead to changes in the amount of hormone that's produced.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00350-00167162-00168145": "This has been hypothesized as a contributor for the amphibian intersex that", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00351-00168145-00168396": "some of you have maybe heard about, especially", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00352-00168396-00168702": "now with global climate changes.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00353-00168702-00169237": "The populations that we're seeing out on the landscape that have intersex,", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00354-00169237-00169505": "the amphibian populations are believed in part to", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00355-00169505-00169842": "perhaps be due to temperature, but we don't think", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00356-00169842-00170266": "that's a cause or that that's a really valid line", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00357-00170266-00170513": "of investigation for the cause of intersex in the", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00358-00170513-00170949": "Missouri River because temperature are really pretty stable.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00359-00170949-00171662": "They fluctuate a little bit but not to the extreme that we believe that it's a", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00360-00171662-00171908": "major factor.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00361-00171908-00172373": "So we're down to environmental disturbances, which we know are great, and", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00362-00172373-00173050": "chemicals.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00363-00173050-00174344": "I used age and size too look at intersex and normal fish as a comparison.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00364-00174344-00174738": "I mentioned before that we didn't have any", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00365-00174738-00175157": "differences in those results, and I do have a", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00366-00175157-00175452": "slide here of that.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00367-00175452-00176813": "Our intersex fish are the same as our normal fish.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00368-00176813-00177013": "So what is an endocrine disruptor?", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00369-00177013-00177738": "I guess I should give you the definition of that.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00370-00177738-00177984": "It's a compound that interferes with or changes normal", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00371-00177984-00178224": "endocrine function.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00372-00178224-00179083": "The important thing about these compounds, be it DDT atrazine, bisphenol", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00373-00179083-00179366": "A, we've been hearing a lot about it.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00374-00179366-00179757": "One of our professors at the University of Missouri,", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00375-00179757-00180182": "Dr. Fred Vonsol, spent most of his career working on", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00376-00180182-00180282": "this.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00377-00180282-00180382": "This is a plasticizer.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00378-00180382-00180657": "This is one of the baby's bottles and baby toys that their trying very", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00379-00180657-00181009": "hard to get rid of and in some cases have done", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00380-00181009-00181242": "a good job of getting them out.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00381-00181242-00181800": "This is ethinyl estradiol, the estrogen that's in birth control", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00382-00181800-00182600": "pills, and it's very similar to normal, natural estradiol.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00383-00182600-00183422": "What's important here is the similarities, these polycyclic rings here.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00384-00183422-00184046": "That fits into receptors, and the estrogen receptor", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00385-00184046-00184593": "is what will allow the changes in a phenotype", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00386-00184593-00184732": "to manifest.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00387-00184732-00185450": "In fact, the estrogen receptor in the fish is very similar to the estrogen receptor", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00388-00185450-00185560": "in humans.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00389-00185560-00185791": "It looks very much the same.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00390-00185791-00186214": "So when you have a compound such as ethinyl estradiol", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00391-00186214-00186813": "that is excreted, that's in our waterways, we know", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00392-00186813-00187082": "it's out there in fairly high concentrations.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00393-00187082-00187525": "Bisphenol A that's coming out through the sewage system,", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00394-00187525-00188482": "nonylphenol, a surfactant, that's used in everything, in your dish detergents, and a", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00395-00188482-00189054": "lot of pesticides use it as a solvent.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00396-00189054-00189671": "These chemicals can also bind to the estrogen receptor because", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00397-00189671-00190105": "of their shape.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00398-00190105-00190620": "This is fairly daunting looking.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00399-00190620-00191234": "Just to show you this pathway from the brain to", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00400-00191234-00191795": "the gonads, the testes, and the ovary, and finally", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00401-00191795-00192190": "to the production of the oocytes and all the", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00402-00192190-00192564": "hormones that are involved.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00403-00192564-00192988": "This is the protein, metaologenine, the yoke protein produced in", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00404-00192988-00193697": "the liver in response to estrogen, but there are", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00405-00193697-00194244": "many feedback loops here that can interact between", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00406-00194244-00194664": "the gonad and the brain and from the environmental", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00407-00194664-00194990": "influences that are on the gonad.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00408-00194990-00195512": "So there are just a myriad number of pathways to look at", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00409-00195512-00195907": "to be able to try to figure out what could be causing", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00410-00195907-00196650": "this particular phenotypic abnormality.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00411-00196650-00197139": "As I said, endocrine disrupting chemicals, be they estrogenic", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00412-00197139-00198313": "or androgenic, can come from many different products, and we almost can't avoid them.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00413-00198313-00198560": "They're in everything that we use, and as I said,", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00414-00198560-00198797": "they're also natural.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00415-00198797-00199455": "One of the things that I did do was work with a", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00416-00199455-00200695": "geographer and a GIS specialist that was able to", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00417-00200695-00201723": "locate all of the waste water treatment plants within a 10 mile buffer of the Missouri River.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00418-00201723-00202329": "Now these might be small town, they might be major", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00419-00202329-00202884": "ones at St. Louis and Kansas City, but all told,", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00420-00202884-00203574": "they are all contributing the waste into the river.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00421-00203574-00204125": "That's one major possibility for a source.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00422-00204125-00204869": "Then you have the National Pollution Discharge Permit system that is another source of", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00423-00204869-00205226": "information of where contaminants might be coming", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00424-00205226-00205496": "from, from the industrial sector.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00425-00205496-00205962": "You can see again in this shaded area all of the points", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00426-00205962-00206344": "that lie and are potentially contributing to the", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00427-00206344-00206485": "Missouri River.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00428-00206485-00206915": "CAFOs, does anybody know what those are?", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00429-00206915-00207615": "Confined feeding operations because of not only the natural and normal production", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00430-00207615-00207853": "of estrogens and androgens that these animals", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00431-00207853-00208198": "in high concentrations are contributing into the", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00432-00208198-00208704": "waterways, but also because of the antibiotics and", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00433-00208704-00209667": "the various other drugs that the animals are getting, many of which are estrogenic and", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00434-00209667-00209767": "androgenic.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00435-00209767-00210662": "Those also possibly contribute to the problems we're seeing, if in fact they're", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00436-00210662-00211209": "due to endocrine disrupting chemicals.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00437-00211209-00211571": "We can certainly find that there is no shortage of places to", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00438-00211571-00212040": "look for potential chemical inputs to the Missouri", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00439-00212040-00212140": "River.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00440-00212140-00213157": "It's definitely plausible that chemicals are causing what we're observing.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00441-00213157-00213381": "One of the things I've been working on with some", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00442-00213381-00213758": "of my colleagues throughout the basin, both above", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00443-00213758-00214538": "the Gavin's Point area and all the way down through Louisiana, is bringing together all", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00444-00214538-00214782": "of the contaminants information that exists out there", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00445-00214782-00215098": "so that we can objectively look at where the", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00446-00215098-00215705": "gaps are and what information we still need to be able", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00447-00215705-00216030": "to fully evaluate the impact of contaminants", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00448-00216030-00216473": "on both the reproduction of the sturgeon as well as", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00449-00216473-00217096": "on other aspects of the sturgeon's behavior.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00450-00217096-00217519": "What we've done is we've gone to written literature,", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00451-00217519-00217805": "but mostly we're using the existing databases of", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00452-00217805-00218052": "the various agencies.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00453-00218052-00218994": "We've decided what a baseline or an acceptable threshold is from", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00454-00218994-00219611": "various sources where those exist and looked at", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00455-00219611-00220310": "where there have been exceedance of those contaminants in water, sediment, and tissue,", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00456-00220310-00220658": "and then come up with a risk conclusion.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00457-00220658-00221235": "Is it a chemical of concern or is it a data gap or", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00458-00221235-00221564": "is it not likely a chemical concern?", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00459-00221564-00221866": "Can we just push that one aside and not worry about it?", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00460-00221866-00222367": "So we've looked at things like trace elements.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00461-00222367-00222837": "We've looked at the industrial pesticides and the industrial", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00462-00222837-00223082": "organic chemicals.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00463-00223082-00223406": "These are mostly very old things.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00464-00223406-00223978": "We call them legacy chemicals because they've not been used and most of them are", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00465-00223978-00224207": "banned, but they're still out there.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00466-00224207-00224756": "They're still out there, not so much in the water.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00467-00224756-00225479": "There are very few that we see that exceed the acceptable", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00468-00225479-00225976": "criteria for water, but we are seeing much more in", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00469-00225976-00226076": "the tissues.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00470-00226076-00227008": "14 out of 140 fish had dieldrin concentrations that were of concern, 26 had", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00471-00227008-00227628": "DDE, and we still see it in the sediments.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00472-00227628-00228123": "Dioxins, nonylphenol, pHs - Some of these are really", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00473-00228123-00228352": "difficult to even measure in the environment, so", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00474-00228352-00229284": "we know that this isn't a very representative data", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00475-00229284-00229908": "set in terms of things like pHs, because they metabolize very quickly, and you can't readily", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00476-00229908-00230191": "measure them.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00477-00230191-00231190": "We had to bring together this information into one area and synthesize it", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00478-00231190-00231684": "for those that are out there trying to determine", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00479-00231684-00232323": "where to spend the public's money.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00480-00232323-00232969": "Actually, these are contaminants of concern.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00481-00232969-00233225": "These aren't just endocrine disruptors.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00482-00233225-00233721": "To clarify, chlorophyllase is not an endocrine disruptor,", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00483-00233721-00233821": "correct.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00484-00233821-00234267": "In fact, pH isn't either, but most of these are.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00485-00234267-00236028": "PCBs certainly are, PPDs, which are the flame retardants are.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00486-00236028-00236714": "The fact that they're listed is because there was some data.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00487-00236714-00237606": "The reason why I raised that question is have been", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00488-00237606-00238385": "off the market for so long that there's either a", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00489-00238385-00238485": "lot of persistence in the sediment or some place", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00490-00238485-00238585": "because you can't get.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00491-00238585-00238685": "That's right.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00492-00238685-00238785": "There is a lot of persistence.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00493-00238785-00238885": "That's why they're still measured today.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00494-00238885-00239192": "That's why they're still measured today and why,", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00495-00239192-00239794": "in fact, the Missouri Department of Health and Senior", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00496-00239794-00240613": "Services every year or every two years goes out", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00497-00240613-00240969": "and samples fish from the whole state of Missouri with the Missouri Department of Conservation.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00498-00240969-00241450": "All states do this because the concentrations", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00499-00241450-00241923": "of these legacy chemicals and mercury too, which is", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00500-00241923-00242532": "still being produced in large quantities, are of", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00501-00242532-00242865": "enough concern that we need to alert the public and", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00502-00242865-00243288": "let them know that there could be health effects", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00503-00243288-00243914": "if they're eating certain amounts of these fish.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00504-00243914-00244933": "Relative to some of these contaminants I have measured, my hypothesis being intersex fish", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00505-00244933-00245489": "would have more PCBs, more, perhaps more DDT if", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00506-00245489-00245775": "in fact it's causing the intersex.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00507-00245775-00246905": "Can you tell me about the levels of chemicals river here in Kansas City?", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00508-00246905-00248550": "The of the patterns of floods were washing out hit that bedrock sediment", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00509-00248550-00248915": "It certainly is.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00510-00248915-00249592": "Whether it's being mobilized naturally or whether you're out there dredging", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00511-00249592-00249992": "it and pulling it up and disturbing the sediments,", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00512-00249992-00250592": "we as contaminants biologists will do cores in", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00513-00250592-00250882": "places of sediments.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00514-00250882-00251471": "You can track back the periods of heavy industrialization according to some", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00515-00251471-00251677": "of these contaminants as well as radiation.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00516-00251677-00252081": "They'll do that a lot, and they correlate very well with different", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00517-00252081-00252548": "periods in development of our industries.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00518-00252548-00253042": "It's the same problem with taking out our dams, right?", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00519-00253042-00253290": "I mean, it's a great thing to get these rivers", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00520-00253290-00253900": "free, but what have you got piled up behind there?", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00521-00253900-00254425": "Back to our intersex question to about whether they're causing the problem that we're seeing,", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00522-00254425-00254544": "though.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00523-00254544-00255392": "When I did the analyses to look at egg concentrations and concentrations of PCBs", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00524-00255392-00255802": "and chlordane’s, we didn't see any difference", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00525-00255802-00256548": "in the fish that were intersex and those that weren't.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00526-00256548-00256790": "We saw the same concentrations.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00527-00256790-00257285": "One of the important things though here to is that these concentrations", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00528-00257285-00257573": "over time have been coming down.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00529-00257573-00257786": "You see the 84.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00530-00257786-00258442": "You've got high concentrations of chlordane’s, PCBs being in red, chlordane’s in green.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00531-00258442-00258712": "They're coming down over time.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00532-00258712-00259583": "They are working their way through the system, but they're still there.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00533-00259583-00260036": "As I said, in testing the fish we've looked at", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00534-00260036-00260309": "normal and intersex animals, we've looked at brain", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00535-00260309-00260723": "and gonad, and we can't really see any difference", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00536-00260723-00260885": "in the concentrations.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00537-00260885-00261688": "So it pretty much tosses out the hypothesis that these chemicals are causing", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00538-00261688-00262195": "what we're observing in terms of the intersex.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00539-00262195-00262441": "Flame retardants, a much new chemical that's also", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00540-00262441-00262581": "an endocrine disruptor.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00541-00262581-00263501": "It's been demonstrated in the lab with not only lab fish, but also mice.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00542-00263501-00263852": "When we looked at the flame retardants in the fish", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00543-00263852-00264089": "we didn't see any difference.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00544-00264089-00264227": "That actually was kind of surprising.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00545-00264227-00264625": "We thought we would find it there.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00546-00264625-00265405": "So our chemical suspects, these kinds of legacy chemicals, have been kind of pushed aside.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00547-00265405-00265971": "The ones that we're focusing on today are the", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00548-00265971-00266264": "birth control pill ethinyl estradiol because that's", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00549-00266264-00266848": "probably in the highest concentrations out there.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00550-00266848-00268156": "Atrazine, the second most heavily used herbicide in the United States next to glyphosate, is", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00551-00268156-00268384": "an endocrine disruptor, although I have to say", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00552-00268384-00268732": "we still don't really understand how it works.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00553-00268732-00268921": "It doesn't work like estradiol.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00554-00268921-00269308": "It doesn't have the structure that would bind to that estrogen", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00555-00269308-00270087": "receptor and then cause the cascade of hormonal changes and phenotypic changes that we would", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00556-00270087-00270989": "expect, but it does cause reproductive problems, and it does change hormonal balance.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00557-00270989-00271192": "We just don't understand how yet.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00558-00271192-00271839": "Nonylphenol is a weak endocrine disruptor and a weak estrogen, but", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00559-00271839-00272150": "one that if there is enough quantity - Remember", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00560-00272150-00272610": "now, with chemicals it's not the dose that makes", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00561-00272610-00272795": "the poison.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00562-00272795-00273247": "It's not just whether it's present or absent, but it's how is there, and there's", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00563-00273247-00273419": "a lot of nonylphenol out there.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00564-00273419-00273690": "Atrazine - there's a lot of it.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00565-00273690-00273834": "Ethinyl estradiol - there's a lot of it.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00566-00273834-00274078": "Could they be working together?", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00567-00274078-00274250": "Could there be a synergy?", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00568-00274250-00274997": "Could there be  this diversity of", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00569-00274997-00275378": "chemicals that are all working on the same system?", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00570-00275378-00276212": "Mercury is everywhere and affects the endocrine system and some of the heavy metals.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00571-00276212-00276616": "Not just any but one in particular that was used for", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00572-00276616-00276934": "antifollowing was for antifollowing.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00573-00276934-00278001": "They have since band it and that was phybutal 10.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00574-00278001-00278306": "It was great for getting the various invertebrates", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00575-00278306-00278729": "and mollusks off of the hulls of boats, but what", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00576-00278729-00278971": "they found in the northwest was that it was changing", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00577-00278971-00279320": "all of the snails from females to males because it", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00578-00279320-00279549": "was highly androgenic.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00579-00279549-00279931": "So there are all kinds of suspects.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00580-00279931-00280622": "In our environment down here we're still trying to", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00581-00280622-00280744": "figure it out.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00582-00280744-00281526": "This is a pallid sturgeon where we were actually putting a transmitter into this fish", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00583-00281526-00282086": "to look at its behavior and follow it.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00584-00282086-00282384": "When they did the ultrasound on it, which is how we generally", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00585-00282384-00282657": "tell a male from a female, we thought it was a", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00586-00282657-00283048": "male, but when we happened to open it up there it", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00587-00283048-00283148": "was.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00588-00283148-00283539": "It was actually an intersex fish.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00589-00283539-00284153": "We don't see as many, but we don't open as many pallid", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00590-00284153-00284380": "sturgeon.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00591-00284380-00285115": "We have to wonder with such a small population of pallid sturgeon and so much", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00592-00285115-00285739": "difficulty in trying to both restore the population and ensure that the population", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00593-00285739-00286247": "is going to persist to build up that population.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00594-00286247-00286755": "If they can't reproduce or aren't reproducing to the", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00595-00286755-00287272": "best of their ability or not producing well, if", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00596-00287272-00287752": "there is an issue with chemicals, we should know", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00597-00287752-00287852": "that.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00598-00287852-00288565": "We should try and figure that out.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00599-00288565-00289036": "With this particular animal, I think the question might come up, so I might as well address", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00600-00289036-00289334": "it now, we actually tried to fertilize it and do a", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00601-00289334-00289882": "self-fertilization test because here we had flowing sperm.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00602-00289882-00290264": "That's one of the other reasons we thought it was a male because it was flowing,", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00603-00290264-00290552": "and here we had the ripe eggs, and so we did combine", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00604-00290552-00290652": "them.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00605-00290652-00291409": "We weren't successful in getting it to self-fertilize, but they do self-fertilize.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00606-00291409-00291651": "That has been found before.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00607-00291651-00292295": "As I said about the chemicals, in thinking about", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00608-00292295-00293150": "how the chemical could cause this intersex condition you have to consider the fish's", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00609-00293150-00293481": "exposure to the chemical, how it's getting into its", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00610-00293481-00293811": "body, and when it's getting into its body, and when", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00611-00293811-00293966": "it's being exposing.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00612-00293966-00294340": "Its physiology, does it metabolize it?", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00613-00294340-00294679": "With PAHs, the polyaromatic hydrocarbons, the", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00614-00294679-00295979": "things that are in tar and all of the petroleum products, the body is very able to transform", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00615-00295979-00296327": "it and metabolize it into a very soluble product,", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00616-00296327-00296459": "and excrete it.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00617-00296459-00297079": "So it's quickly gotten out of the body, but while it's in the body it can still", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00618-00297079-00297275": "have some effect.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00619-00297275-00297880": "The problem is that it's really difficult to diagnose that by doing tissue", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00620-00297880-00298278": "or even a blood analysis.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00621-00298278-00298746": "You have to think about excretion.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00622-00298746-00299608": "In the case of fish it's not as big of a problem, because they're in an environment", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00623-00299608-00300220": "that can be quickly diluted.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00624-00300220-00300745": "You want to understand where the chemical is having its effect.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00625-00300745-00300870": "Is it happening in the brain?", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00626-00300870-00301087": "Is it happening in the gonad?", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00627-00301087-00301435": "Is it happening in the liver or some other organ?", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00628-00301435-00302087": "So these are the various things you have to think about when you say, \"Okay, fish x is", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00629-00302087-00302385": "being exposed to this chemical, and it's causing", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00630-00302385-00302485": "this.\"", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00631-00302485-00302585": "Well, you have to kind of go through all of these", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00632-00302585-00302860": "steps, and everything has to line up to be able to", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00633-00302860-00303659": "say at the end of the day, \"This is the chemical, this is the effect, and we feel very strongly", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00634-00303659-00304339": "that we have what we call a cause and effect", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00635-00304339-00304439": "relationship.\"", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00636-00304439-00304897": "It's pretty tough to make those links when you've got multiple chemicals out", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00637-00304897-00305955": "there and you've got multiple environmental stressors.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00638-00305955-00306177": "What about these sturgeon's biology?", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00639-00306177-00306636": "One of the things that's really interesting about sturgeon,", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00640-00306636-00307486": "and I think people that care about this river and", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00641-00307486-00308129": "its native fauna and flora, the things that are", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00642-00308129-00308457": "really special and unique about the sturgeon also", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00643-00308457-00308884": "make it very vulnerable.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00644-00308884-00309053": "It is a benthic feeder.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00645-00309053-00309278": "It's down at the bottom, and it's built to do", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00646-00309278-00309378": "that.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00647-00309378-00310036": "The way it's shaped, that funny, flat head of it that it's got, and it's sucking things", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00648-00310036-00310136": "up.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00649-00310136-00310410": "It's eating thin/thick invertebrates, in the case", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00650-00310410-00310583": "of the shovelnose.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00651-00310583-00311123": "In the case of the pallid, it's a piscivore eating high on the food chain.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00652-00311123-00311474": "So everything below it that's eaten a contaminated", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00653-00311474-00311936": "something is coming up, and it's now having a", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00654-00311936-00312235": "bioaccumulative affect.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00655-00312235-00312610": "When it's young and its gonads and all of its organs are developing,", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00656-00312610-00312891": "it's also down there on the bottom feeding on the", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00657-00312891-00313248": "sediments and is directly exposed to whatever is", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00658-00313248-00313496": "in those sediments.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00659-00313496-00314139": "It's age at first maturity isn't until 7, 8, 9, sometimes 12 years, so", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00660-00314139-00314728": "they have a long time to build chemicals that are", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00661-00314728-00314861": "fat loving and lipophilic.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00662-00314861-00315269": "They have a long time to build those chemicals up in their body and", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00663-00315269-00315741": "store them, and then actually transfer them to their", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00664-00315741-00315841": "gametes.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00665-00315841-00316656": "In the case of the female, that vitellogenin and that egg protein that goes", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00666-00316656-00317070": "into the egg from the liver takes all kinds of", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00667-00317070-00317427": "junk along with it actively transporting stuff", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00668-00317427-00317555": "into that egg.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00669-00317555-00318339": "So the hatching young sturgeon is already dosed thanks to mom and her long life", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00670-00318339-00318708": "and where she's been living.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00671-00318708-00319245": "Sturgeon are relatively high in lipid.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00672-00319245-00319630": "As a result that's why they've been out there like sponges collecting all those", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00673-00319630-00319976": "PCBs and DDT and chlordane and all of those lipophilic", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00674-00319976-00320376": "chemicals that we've gotten away from as a society", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00675-00320376-00320580": "because of that.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00676-00320580-00321042": "They're found in breast milk as well as fatty fish.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00677-00321042-00321395": "So as a society we said, \"We don't want these chemicals that are going", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00678-00321395-00321644": "to bioaccumulate and go up the food chain.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00679-00321644-00321898": "We're going to shift to other ones that are water", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00680-00321898-00322372": "soluble and don't remain a long time in the body.\"", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00681-00322372-00322527": "That's great.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00682-00322527-00323200": "We should be doing that, but we can see the evidence that fishes like this are", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00683-00323200-00323497": "still being exposed, they still have these contaminants", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00684-00323497-00323817": "in their body, and they could potentially be still", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00685-00323817-00324039": "exposing their young.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00686-00324039-00324809": "It's the young stages that are quite vulnerable because they're developing", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00687-00324809-00325593": "and because we know from years of doing contaminant research that it's the younger", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00688-00325593-00326009": "life stages that are the most sensitive.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00689-00326009-00326447": "The spawning frequency.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00690-00326447-00326750": "Pallid sturgeon and shovelnose don't spawn every year.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00691-00326750-00327362": "Females spawn on a 2 to 3 year cycle, males on a 1-2 year cycle.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00692-00327362-00327720": "So I said that they can download their contaminant burden", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00693-00327720-00328143": "into their gametes.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00694-00328143-00328733": "They may have 9 or so years before they start the process, but once they start", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00695-00328733-00329060": "it they still have maybe a year or two to ramp", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00696-00329060-00329697": "back up and have more chemicals ingested, sequestered", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00697-00329697-00330159": "in their body, and then passed out in their offspring.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00698-00330159-00330882": "So these very unique characteristics of a long lived animal like this also make it", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00699-00330882-00331014": "very vulnerable.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00700-00331014-00331741": "Much more so than a fathead minnow who has a life cycle of maybe a year and is living", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00701-00331741-00332048": "up in the water column eating algae.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00702-00332048-00332573": "One of the other things about sturgeon too is that", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00703-00332573-00332910": "they're nothing like any of our boney fishes.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00704-00332910-00333345": "These are cartilaginous fishes, and they're very", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00705-00333345-00333445": "old.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00706-00333445-00334053": "We haven't studied them as much as we've studied the other fishes, because they haven't", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00707-00334053-00334233": "been a major food source.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00708-00334233-00334597": "Yeah, the eggs, the caviar have been of interest, but even for", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00709-00334597-00334697": "us so much.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00710-00334697-00335236": "I mean, it's been the Europeans that have really capitalized on the caviar market.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00711-00335236-00335851": "So what we know is more about how to produce a sturgeon", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00712-00335851-00336344": "or harvest a sturgeon for its egg mass.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00713-00336344-00337115": "We don't know that much about it in terms of its basic biology.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00714-00337115-00338176": "One of the things that we are starting to understand is that there may be some ancestral", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00715-00338176-00338891": "and genetic propensity for the sturgeon to actually", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00716-00338891-00339188": "be more sensitive to some of these chemicals.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00717-00339188-00339743": "It may have been an advantage for this animal a million", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00718-00339743-00340281": "years ago to be able to switch sex, to be able to", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00719-00340281-00340475": "self-fertilize.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00720-00340475-00341341": "We don't know, but the fact that this animal and some other species that are", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00721-00341341-00342164": "also of an old lineage tend to manifest a more", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00722-00342164-00342482": "extreme type of intersex.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00723-00342482-00342716": "Can you imagine?", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00724-00342716-00343100": "Here you have a male, but it has fully developed eggs.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00725-00343100-00343393": "It has to have all of the right hormonal environment", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00726-00343393-00343778": "for those eggs to develop and for the sperm to", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00727-00343778-00343878": "develop.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00728-00343878-00344671": "So somehow this animal is able to do that, and therefore we think maybe at one", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00729-00344671-00345056": "point it should have done that.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00730-00345056-00345156": "It's just residual.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00731-00345156-00345557": "It's carried on along whereas other species maybe", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00732-00345557-00345879": "have evolved and lost some of that, these guys", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00733-00345879-00346574": "are still able to respond in a manner that's obvious", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00734-00346574-00346674": "to us.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00735-00346674-00347023": "Are they good indicators of something really wrong out there?", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00736-00347023-00347589": "So one of the things that I did as sort of my last", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00737-00347589-00348332": "'hooray' at the Columbia Environmental Research Center together with the Fish and Wildlife", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00738-00348332-00348784": "Service was to test the hypothesis that ethinyl estradiol,", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00739-00348784-00349235": "the birth control estrogen, could be causing intersex.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00740-00349235-00349890": "I took pallid sturgeon from Gavin's Point Hatchery, and I took them and put them", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00741-00349890-00350294": "in ponds, and I exposed them for two and a half", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00742-00350294-00351002": "years to concentrations that we would see out in", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00743-00351002-00351850": "the Missouri River below a sewage treatment plant.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00744-00351850-00352210": "The results aren't all analyzed, but this past", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00745-00352210-00352791": "spring we went and killed all of them.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00746-00352791-00353652": "These were fish that were brood stock, that were spawned in", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00747-00353652-00354245": "1995 or something like that, but their genetics", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00748-00354245-00354580": "were unclear.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00749-00354580-00355220": "The state does not stock anything into that river that they do not know what the", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00750-00355220-00355916": "genetics are, because of the various problems and the", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00751-00355916-00356356": "fact that fish from upriver up in the Yellowstone", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00752-00356356-00356692": "area and fish down in Louisiana might not have", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00753-00356692-00356938": "the same genetic composition.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00754-00356938-00357406": "We don't want to be taking races of fish and mixing them all up, so these", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00755-00357406-00357572": "fish can't be used.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00756-00357572-00358085": "They've just been used for research, so I was fortunate in getting a", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00757-00358085-00358277": "number of pallid sturgeons that I could keep in a", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00758-00358277-00358657": "pond that were reproductive age, and I was able", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00759-00358657-00359397": "to, through a two and a half year cycle, expose", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00760-00359397-00359695": "them and test this hypothesis.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00761-00359695-00360270": "Well, you're the first group that I've talked to since I've at least", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00762-00360270-00360490": "had the results of what the gonads looked like", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00763-00360490-00360696": "grossly.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00764-00360696-00361074": "I didn't see any black eggs.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00765-00361074-00361656": "I was sorely disappointed, but at the same time we don't", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00766-00361656-00361763": "have all of the data yet.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00767-00361763-00362384": "I don't have the microscopic, the histological data, and it may be that", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00768-00362384-00362735": "at that level we will see intersex in these animals.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00769-00362735-00362880": "We still don't know.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00770-00362880-00363615": "We did see other indications though that they responded to the expose.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00771-00363615-00364398": "Vitellogenin, that egg yolk protein, increases with an increase in expose to estrogen, and", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00772-00364398-00364659": "in the males it was sky high.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00773-00364659-00365173": "So we know that they were exposed, that they recognized that there was", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00774-00365173-00365426": "a hormone in the environment, and their physiology", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00775-00365426-00365908": "responded, but we did not see the black eggs that", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00776-00365908-00366271": "we thought we would see.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00777-00366271-00366498": "We're not done with this.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00778-00366498-00366662": "We have quite a lot of data.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00779-00366662-00367432": "It will be awhile before we actually are ready to present that.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00780-00367432-00367859": "So in the end it comes down to a weight of evidence.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00781-00367859-00368713": "If someone is going to ask today, \"In the Missouri River, is intersex in these sturgeon", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00782-00368713-00369289": "due to chemical contaminants or is it normal?", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00783-00369289-00369619": "Or is it because we dammed the river and changed", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00784-00369619-00369933": "the habitat?\"", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00785-00369933-00370033": "We don't know.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00786-00370033-00370237": "We don't have a smoking gun.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00787-00370237-00370593": "We don't have all of those connections that I", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00788-00370593-00370966": "described between exposure and effect that you", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00789-00370966-00371301": "really need to have pretty well established to", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00790-00371301-00371764": "say, \"It is chemical X,\" but we have quite a bit", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00791-00371764-00372145": "of evidence that there is exposure.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00792-00372145-00372399": "These fish are vulnerable.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00793-00372399-00373145": "They certainly can be exposed there in the same places that the chemicals are, that", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00794-00373145-00373359": "the chemicals are getting in their body, that", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00795-00373359-00373799": "they are responding in some ways, vitellogenin for", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00796-00373799-00373901": "instance.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00797-00373901-00374674": "We're seeing other kinds of deformities and problems in the reproductive system of", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00798-00374674-00374806": "these fish.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00799-00374806-00375714": "We're seeing problems like this where this should be 1 testicle, one long gonad, and", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00800-00375714-00376208": "instead you see bits and pieces of it.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00801-00376208-00376308": "It's not 1 nice, well-formed organ, and we see this regularly.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00802-00376308-00376408": "I don't have the numbers here, but it's not", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00803-00376408-00377019": "uncommon to see these kinds of malformations.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00804-00377019-00378127": "We're also seeing a relationship correlation between testicular size, the relative size", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00805-00378127-00378762": "of the gonad to the body and the concentration of", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00806-00378762-00378980": "the organochlorine pesticide.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00807-00378980-00379520": "So it appears that fish that have a higher organochlorine pesticide", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00808-00379520-00380048": "level in their bodies also have smaller gonads.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00809-00380048-00380290": "So that's another piece of evidence that something", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00810-00380290-00380571": "is going on out there.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00811-00380571-00381312": "Maybe it's just relative to the whole reproductive development and", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00812-00381312-00381505": "reproductive processes of these fish.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00813-00381505-00381913": "We are also seeing a lot of egg parasites, and", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00814-00381913-00382620": "this is an interesting one because these are parasites that are specific for sturgeon eggs.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00815-00382620-00383622": "They probably came over here when the fish originally moved into our rivers.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00816-00383622-00383910": "This is specific for sturgeon that's found in both", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00817-00383910-00384299": "of our species.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00818-00384299-00384980": "What it does is it invades the egg, and the parasite actually consumes all the", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00819-00384980-00385360": "vitellogenin and then leaves the egg when it's", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00820-00385360-00385649": "expelled from the body and goes on its merry way", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00821-00385649-00385961": "to then infect another fish.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00822-00385961-00386511": "So this actually can destroy the egg and reduce the number of eggs", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00823-00386511-00386611": "that are out there.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00824-00386611-00387195": "I've never seen it in a single fish that it would be even 5% of the", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00825-00387195-00387441": "eggs that were destroyed, but we're seeing it more", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00826-00387441-00388039": "commonly now than we have in the past.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00827-00388039-00388531": "We're seeing one of the most disturbing things in", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00828-00388531-00388897": "the river, that is teratomas.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00829-00388897-00389719": "Teratomas are tumors that have begun to develop in a disorganized", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00830-00389719-00389819": "way.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00831-00389819-00390433": "In other words, it's a tumor that has many different kinds of cells in it, and the cells", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00832-00390433-00390766": "actually start to differentiate.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00833-00390766-00391452": "This is kind of a confusing picture, but all of these lumps", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00834-00391452-00391873": "and these nodules are part of this enormous tumor", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00835-00391873-00392350": "that had just bloated this fish out, and these", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00836-00392350-00392530": "are in the gonads.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00837-00392530-00393002": "They're usually developed from the germinal cells.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00838-00393002-00393612": "Instead of developing into an organized structure of an animal, it has bone", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00839-00393612-00393876": "in it, it has cartilage in it, it has neurological", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00840-00393876-00394395": "tissue, it will even have pieces of scale.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00841-00394395-00395218": "It's a monster, and it's all just a confused organism", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00842-00395218-00395550": "in no particular structure.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00843-00395550-00395941": "It's very, very rare to see these in fish.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00844-00395941-00396588": "In fact, whenever we find them we record them in our registry for such tumors", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00845-00396588-00397126": "for lower invertebrates because it's usually", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00846-00397126-00397958": "associated with general chemical contamination.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00847-00397958-00398417": "We don't know exactly why, but like I said, in", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00848-00398417-00398605": "contaminated environments they seem to be more", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00849-00398605-00398822": "prevalent.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00850-00398822-00399215": "Here's another picture, and you can see the nodules a little bit better.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00851-00399215-00399438": "There's cartilage over here.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00852-00399438-00400042": "This might be some neural tissue, fat tissue.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00853-00400042-00400343": "It's just a mishmash of stuff.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00854-00400343-00400842": "I said that the early life stages are the most", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00855-00400842-00400942": "sensitive.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00856-00400942-00401109": "Generally, that's our concept.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00857-00401109-00401792": "Generally, the early life stages are most sensitive to chemicals be it fish, people,", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00858-00401792-00401971": "mice, whatever.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00859-00401971-00402751": "One of our students at the University of Missouri that did our thesis work with us,", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00860-00402751-00403071": "and the Missouri Department of Conservation actually", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00861-00403071-00404034": "funded this, he looked at this idea that the contaminated mother was passing on her", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00862-00404034-00404272": "contaminants to the offspring.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00863-00404272-00404716": "So we went out and collected fish from a clean site, fish from", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00864-00404716-00405063": "a contaminated site, analyzed the eggs to look", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00865-00405063-00405483": "at what was in the eggs, and then looked at a", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00866-00405483-00406449": "relationship between the survival of those offspring according to the contaminant levels", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00867-00406449-00406857": "in the eggs that they hatched from.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00868-00406857-00407333": "We see not a great relationship, but at two days post", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00869-00407333-00407749": "fertilization we did see a decline in the survival", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00870-00407749-00408580": "of those embryos that had a higher concentration of the PCBs in their fat.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00871-00408580-00409093": "So we think that our assumption that these early life stages are", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00872-00409093-00409502": "both being exposed and potentially are adversely", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00873-00409502-00410589": "affected by the maternal exposure is valid.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00874-00410589-00411202": "So we're seeing intersex in the two species of", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00875-00411202-00411408": "sturgeon in the Missouri River.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00876-00411408-00411888": "If it's that bad we might expect to see it in other species,", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00877-00411888-00412360": "and I was fortunate that our laboratory has done", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00878-00412360-00412693": "a lot of work on the Asian carp.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00879-00412693-00413452": "My colleague Dwayne Chapman would routinely bring me every carp,", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00880-00413452-00413754": "black carp, silver car, and big head carp that he", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00881-00413754-00414059": "got, and I would go through those gonads with a", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00882-00414059-00414434": "fine tooth comb looking for intersex because I", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00883-00414434-00414689": "felt like it had to be there.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00884-00414689-00414907": "Sure enough I found it in both species.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00885-00414907-00415808": "Here's a resorbing oocyte, and I forget which species this is, but you've got", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00886-00415808-00416302": "your developed spermatozoa here and in the adipose", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00887-00416302-00416669": "tissue along the edge here you've got big, old", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00888-00416669-00416769": "eggs.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00889-00416769-00416992": "So it is occurring in other species.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00890-00416992-00417092": "It's not as obvious.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00891-00417092-00417375": "You don't have those nice black eggs developing.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00892-00417375-00418188": "You have to look at is histologically, but we are seeing it.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00893-00418188-00418579": "We know that there are so many stressors out there", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00894-00418579-00418821": "on our Missouri River.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00895-00418821-00419241": "There's overharvest, channelization of the dams.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00896-00419241-00419746": "I think we do have to add contaminants as one of those things that", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00897-00419746-00419946": "we consider.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00898-00419946-00420648": "Overall, it's got to be strategically looked at, and it's got to be thought out", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00899-00420648-00421096": "carefully how many of our resources we put towards", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00900-00421096-00421580": "the contaminant issue and how many resources we", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00901-00421580-00422260": "put toward habitat issues.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00902-00422260-00422851": "What are we going to do about contaminants If it's a pervasive problem", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00903-00422851-00423194": "throughout the system's nonpoint sources?", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00904-00423194-00423439": "Habitat you can go out and fix.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00905-00423439-00423859": "What are we going to do about the sediments that are contaminated?", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00906-00423859-00423965": "Well a few things.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00907-00423965-00424721": "If we know that contaminants are reducing survival of the young, maybe we don't", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00908-00424721-00424910": "want to be out there dredging things up.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00909-00424910-00425276": "Maybe we don't want to be making side channels and", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00910-00425276-00425525": "putting all of the sediment into the river, because", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00911-00425525-00425859": "it may have stuff in it.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00912-00425859-00426280": "Maybe we need to be careful about where we stock our brood stock, the", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00913-00426280-00426413": "fish that we let go.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00914-00426413-00426992": "We don't know if they return to the place that their planted, but if they", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00915-00426992-00427442": "did and we planted them in a place that was a super-fun", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00916-00427442-00428375": "site, and the come back there to spawn that's probably not a good idea for the preservation", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00917-00428375-00428516": "of the population.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00918-00428516-00428751": "So contaminants has an important role.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00919-00428751-00429603": "We do need to understand that role and manage appropriately, but it's a heck of a", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00920-00429603-00429942": "big question.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00921-00429942-00430534": "There's a lot of research on the effects of contaminants and what it means for the", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00922-00430534-00431276": "reproduction of fish and on this supposed indicator of intersex on a lot of species", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00923-00431276-00431598": "throughout the world, really.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00924-00431598-00432000": "Our sturgeon might be particularly special in that they're showing", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00925-00432000-00432507": "us that we've got a very disturbed system and", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00926-00432507-00432934": "that we have contaminants in it that are affecting", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00927-00432934-00433034": "them.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00928-00433034-00433297": "What we don't understand yet is how badly, what", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00929-00433297-00433768": "those are, and whether the contaminants are affecting the populations.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00930-00433768-00434143": "Those are some of the really big questions that we still need to", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00931-00434143-00434291": "answer.", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00932-00434291-00434513": "Well, thank you for coming!", "hmNdqy8bGNI-00933-00434513-00434514": "Really good venue."}}, {"audio_id": "hmPskNGeP3y", "text": {"hmPskNGeP3y-00000-00000041-00000356": "Installing a Module with Joe Shindelar", "hmPskNGeP3y-00001-00000461-00000616": "In this tutorial we'll learn", "hmPskNGeP3y-00002-00000617-00000876": "how to install a core or contributed module", "hmPskNGeP3y-00003-00000877-00001163": "using the administrative interface or Drush.", "hmPskNGeP3y-00004-00001164-00001313": "By the end of this tutorial", "hmPskNGeP3y-00005-00001315-00001632": "you'll be able to install a core module or a contributed module", "hmPskNGeP3y-00006-00001634-00001863": "whose files have already been uploaded to the site,", "hmPskNGeP3y-00007-00001864-00002030": "through the administrative interface", "hmPskNGeP3y-00008-00002030-00002230": "or by using the Drush command line tool.", "hmPskNGeP3y-00009-00002231-00002471": "Before you get started, you'll want to make sure", "hmPskNGeP3y-00010-00002471-00002720": "that you know what modules are, where to find them,", "hmPskNGeP3y-00011-00002721-00002996": "and where to place the downloaded code in your site.", "hmPskNGeP3y-00012-00002997-00003220": "If you want to use Drush to install modules,", "hmPskNGeP3y-00013-00003221-00003420": "Drush must be installed.", "hmPskNGeP3y-00014-00003421-00003603": "For information on these topics,", "hmPskNGeP3y-00015-00003604-00003843": "see the links in the written version of this tutorial.", "hmPskNGeP3y-00016-00003844-00004072": "You can use either the administrative interface", "hmPskNGeP3y-00017-00004074-00004230": "or the Drush command line tool", "hmPskNGeP3y-00018-00004231-00004440": "to install modules. We'll look at both.", "hmPskNGeP3y-00019-00004441-00004656": "Let's start with the administrative interface.", "hmPskNGeP3y-00020-00004657-00004956": "On your Drupal site, in the Manage administrative menu,", "hmPskNGeP3y-00021-00004957-00005156": "click on Extend,", "hmPskNGeP3y-00022-00005157-00005423": "which takes you to the path admin/modules", "hmPskNGeP3y-00023-00005424-00005563": "where the Extend page appears,", "hmPskNGeP3y-00024-00005564-00005803": "showing all of the available modules on your site.", "hmPskNGeP3y-00025-00005804-00005973": "Check the boxes for the module", "hmPskNGeP3y-00026-00005974-00006166": "or modules you want to install.", "hmPskNGeP3y-00027-00006167-00006576": "For example, check the box for the core Activity Tracker module.", "hmPskNGeP3y-00028-00006577-00006786": "Then scroll to the bottom of the page,", "hmPskNGeP3y-00029-00006787-00006986": "and click Install.", "hmPskNGeP3y-00030-00006987-00007323": "The checked modules and any dependencies will be installed.", "hmPskNGeP3y-00031-00007323-00007600": "After completion you should see a message at the top of the page", "hmPskNGeP3y-00032-00007601-00007876": "indicating that the module was successfully installed.", "hmPskNGeP3y-00033-00007877-00008150": "Alternatively, you can install modules using", "hmPskNGeP3y-00034-00008151-00008410": "the pm-enable Drush command,", "hmPskNGeP3y-00035-00008411-00008566": "or en for short.", "hmPskNGeP3y-00036-00008567-00008773": "First, you need to know the machine name", "hmPskNGeP3y-00037-00008774-00008973": "of the module you wish to install.", "hmPskNGeP3y-00038-00008974-00009140": "If you don't already,", "hmPskNGeP3y-00039-00009141-00009340": "in the Manage administrative menu,", "hmPskNGeP3y-00040-00009341-00009500": "click on Extend.", "hmPskNGeP3y-00041-00009501-00009656": "The Extend page appears, showing", "hmPskNGeP3y-00042-00009657-00009856": "all of the available modules on your site.", "hmPskNGeP3y-00043-00009857-00010126": "Find the machine name of the module you want to install", "hmPskNGeP3y-00044-00010127-00010426": "by expanding the information area for the module.", "hmPskNGeP3y-00045-00010471-00010780": "For instance, the core Activity Tracker module's machine name", "hmPskNGeP3y-00046-00010781-00010946": "is tracker.", "hmPskNGeP3y-00047-00010947-00011146": "Then in your terminal", "hmPskNGeP3y-00048-00011147-00011346": "from the root of your Drupal installation", "hmPskNGeP3y-00049-00011347-00011606": "run the following Drush command to install the module.", "hmPskNGeP3y-00050-00011607-00012033": "drush en and then the module's machine name.", "hmPskNGeP3y-00051-00012061-00012380": "If prompted, choose Yes to continue with the installation,", "hmPskNGeP3y-00052-00012381-00012650": "and after the process is completed, you should see a message", "hmPskNGeP3y-00053-00012651-00012946": "indicating that the module was successfully installed.", "hmPskNGeP3y-00054-00012947-00013243": "A quick tip. If you do not see the effect of these changes", "hmPskNGeP3y-00055-00013244-00013572": "on your site immediately, you might need to clear the cache.", "hmPskNGeP3y-00056-00013574-00013786": "In this tutorial we walked through", "hmPskNGeP3y-00057-00013787-00014060": "how to install a module using the user interface", "hmPskNGeP3y-00058-00014061-00014200": "and how to install a module", "hmPskNGeP3y-00059-00014201-00014466": "using the pm-enable Drush command."}}, {"audio_id": "hn6qVOe3hlg", "text": {"hn6qVOe3hlg-00000-00000000-00001592": "foreign", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00001-00001896-00002520": "hi guys ranger rob here uh from ranger rob country living so today they have begun working", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00002-00002520-00003136": "on the house sighting and so uh i've been dealing with pounding all day long and i thought we'd go", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00003-00003136-00005944": "outside and take a look and see what they've done so far how's it going hi guys this is the second", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00004-00005944-00006504": "day these guys have been working on the side of the house they're now getting the tyvek up", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00005-00006592-00007431": "on one side here and been replacing the panels down below here and uh beating the hell out of", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00006-00007431-00008048": "the house uh it's a beautiful day actually so it's a good day for the guy to be working uh", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00007-00008144-00008584": "very confused puppies there's more stuff going on back here", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00008-00008792-00009304": "bits and pieces and what some of the house looks like", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00009-00009752-00011384": "and back here and then the guy is back over on this side putting tyvek up let's take a look", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00010-00011456-00012344": "hi guys this is day three that these guys have been working on our house and uh a lot of pounding", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00011-00012464-00013288": "let's see where we're at here so far getting a lot of tyvek set up here dogs are constantly", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00012-00013288-00014184": "confused uh today we're going to uh go ahead and get our chicken eggs today because", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00013-00014256-00014728": "uh we've been getting up to eight eggs now so i thought i'd take you out there and take a look", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00014-00014728-00015240": "and i thought i'd come around this side of the house and see what they're uh starting to put", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00015-00015240-00015952": "the tyvek up and friday i think they'll be putting siding on and let's see what else is going on here", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00016-00016384-00016464": "how's it going", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00017-00016808-00017376": "hey starting to look very typic all right we're going to check on the ladies here", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00018-00017608-00018384": "hi girls hi girls how are you guys doing hi hi baby", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00019-00019504-00020512": "how's our food today yeah you guys could use some food okay we got the we got all the girls fed", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00020-00020616-00021232": "they were hungry today so let's uh see how we did on eggs today", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00021-00021304-00022152": "all right checking on the chickens got three there two chickens there one there what's going on girls", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00022-00022560-00022888": "come on i hope i'm not getting a broody chicken", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00023-00023088-00023664": "you don't need to be here how many eggs are you sitting on she doesn't even have an egg in there", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00024-00023912-00024432": "all right i haven't pulled the eggs out let's see what's over on this side i got cinder bell", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00025-00024760-00025416": "and i got three over here hi girls what you doing", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00026-00025688-00026272": "all right not bad so what we didn't do a count well we got three over here six seven", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00027-00026344-00026976": "so seven eggs got eight yesterday that's a lot of eggs all right let me gather my eggs and uh", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00028-00027120-00027527": "get them and get them in the kitchen so uh we definitely picked up", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00029-00027527-00028216": "seven good-looking eggs i probably will get one more so i'm getting about eight now so", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00030-00028272-00028776": "kind of nice but now i'm getting bombarded with eggs and i haven't got my freeze dryer in yet", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00031-00028944-00029439": "so there we go okay guys this wraps up this video it's been three days worth of", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00032-00029504-00030408": "chaos getting my house pounded on constantly i do have to uh bring in some bags of pellets", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00033-00030480-00031127": "going through a bag of pellets which is about 40 pounds for the new pellet stove oh every", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00034-00031248-00032208": "day and a quarter so uh yeah so uh uh i don't know if i can adjust that to slow it down but", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00035-00032288-00032968": "right now it's about a bag every day and a quarter so uh i'm out of i need to move some bags over to", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00036-00032968-00033464": "the other part of the house anyway guys have a great day thanks for watching please take the", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00037-00033464-00034040": "time to like subscribe and share our videos all over the whole wide world talk to you later bye", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00038-00034040-00034648": "our videos are made possible by ranger rob poopy bags available at amazon right now", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00039-00034840-00035216": "thank you very much for watching our video please take the time to like", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00040-00035216-00035672": "subscribe and share our videos all over the whole wide world", "hn6qVOe3hlg-00041-00035672-00036840": "thanks you"}}, {"audio_id": "hnj0nXevRw0", "text": {"hnj0nXevRw0-00000-00000889-00001205": "BV380 chicken rearing", "hnj0nXevRw0-00001-00001487-00003450": "In feed tray we can give layer mash feed", "hnj0nXevRw0-00002-00003788-00005468": "leaves like banana leaf, thulasi, grass  for special, etc...", "hnj0nXevRw0-00003-00005680-00008084": "BV380 hen eat very enthusiastically"}}, {"audio_id": "hns59L95hoU", "text": {"hns59L95hoU-00000-00000952-00001752": "Little children bright-eyed children", "hns59L95hoU-00001-00002080-00002336": "Finding their way in the world", "hns59L95hoU-00002-00002552-00002984": "Little children", "hns59L95hoU-00003-00003064-00003296": "Happy children", "hns59L95hoU-00004-00003632-00003904": "Learning to win and learning to lose", "hns59L95hoU-00005-00004312-00004600": "We can never imagine", "hns59L95hoU-00006-00004824-00004928": "Never believe", "hns59L95hoU-00007-00005648-00006240": "We can never imagine could never believe", "hns59L95hoU-00008-00006495-00006559": "Oh no", "hns59L95hoU-00009-00006808-00007536": "Little children frightened children", "hns59L95hoU-00010-00007952-00008232": "Was it pretending was it for real", "hns59L95hoU-00011-00008440-00009200": "Little children slaughtered children", "hns59L95hoU-00012-00009536-00009984": "Evil came hunting innocent lives", "hns59L95hoU-00013-00010248-00011384": "We can never imagine could never believe", "hns59L95hoU-00014-00011552-00012128": "We can never imagine it's happening again", "hns59L95hoU-00015-00012688-00013000": "Yes it's happening it's happening", "hns59L95hoU-00016-00013128-00014184": "Happening again cause it's happening it's happening happening again", "hns59L95hoU-00017-00014328-00014960": "lLttle children silent children", "hns59L95hoU-00018-00015280-00015663": "Flowers of sadness tears of despair", "hns59L95hoU-00019-00015888-00016024": "Little children", "hns59L95hoU-00020-00016520-00016707": "Risen children", "hns59L95hoU-00021-00017022-00017611": "Taking their place their place with the lord", "hns59L95hoU-00022-00017664-00018384": "We can never imagine could never believe", "hns59L95hoU-00023-00018496-00018560": "Oh no", "hns59L95hoU-00024-00018944-00019784": "We can never imagine can never believe", "hns59L95hoU-00025-00020248-00020384": "We can never", "hns59L95hoU-00026-00020864-00021184": "Imagine"}}, {"audio_id": "hnLhmTDjako", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "hnOOwv_zZT8", "text": {"hnOOwv_zZT8-00000-00000016-00000360": "This is Jo Kelly. Today we're going to be talking", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00001-00000360-00000848": "about a trick question. We're going to be talking about the secret recipe", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00002-00000848-00001471": "to acting. So, I've polled my group and maybe you were in that poll. I've", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00003-00001471-00001927": "asked around what actors think the secret recipe to acting is.", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00004-00001927-00002376": "And it was interesting because", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00005-00002480-00003016": "what people responded really corresponds to the legend out there that", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00006-00003016-00003447": "there is a secret recipe to acting; that if you learn your lines", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00007-00003447-00003871": "really well, then you're free from the text and then you'll do good;", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00008-00003871-00004512": "that if you hang in there and work for a very long time and act", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00009-00004512-00005007": "for a very long time, then you're good; then if", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00010-00005007-00005384": "you're confident, you really have to trust yourself, you really have to be", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00011-00005384-00005800": "confident, that's the secret ingredient; that", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00012-00005800-00006103": "you really have to understand the character, if you understand the", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00013-00006103-00006392": "character, then you're good. There's so", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00014-00006392-00006879": "many things that people are saying: \"you have to forget the camera\",", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00015-00006879-00007352": "\"the experience\",  \"it's hard work, that if you work hard, then that's the", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00016-00007352-00007711": "secret recipe to acting\"... Sorry that I'm smiling because", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00017-00007711-00008152": "I don't mean to be condescending at all because there's a reason why", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00018-00008152-00008704": "we think there is a secret recipe to acting out there.", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00019-00008704-00009040": "We do think there is a secret recipe to acting", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00020-00009040-00009424": "out there. Let me come to that in a second.", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00021-00009424-00010200": "But yes! People mention \"breathing\", \"relaxing is the key secret to acting\",", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00022-00010200-00010872": "\"focusing\", \"concentrating\"... There are so many opinions and takes on", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00023-00010872-00011200": "what is the secret recipe. \"If you just do that,", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00024-00011200-00011632": "then you'll nail it\". It's quite impressive actually.", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00025-00011632-00012336": "The reason why we think that there is a secret recipe", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00026-00012336-00012679": "to acting is because of two things. First of all,", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00027-00012679-00013168": "the way we were conditioned, the way we were raised, all of us, as a culture", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00028-00013168-00013544": "is to believe that what is right, what is good", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00029-00013544-00013919": "and what is true comes from the outside. We were not", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00030-00013919-00014656": "raised, educated and loved to believe that what works for me", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00031-00014656-00015000": "is inside of me. No! We were raised by being told that", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00032-00015000-00015304": "we don't know much, listen to others and please", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00033-00015304-00015936": "others. Do what others tell you and please them and if you don't,", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00034-00015936-00016351": "there'll be consequences. That is conditioning,", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00035-00016351-00016880": "that is the taming of your instrument. There's that", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00036-00016880-00017376": "on one side. You're raised to believe that whatever is your next step, whatever", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00037-00017376-00017728": "is good, whatever is better, whatever is knowledge comes from the", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00038-00017728-00018128": "outside. And then, you're in an industry where", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00039-00018128-00018544": "every acting class out there is selling you a method, a technique, a", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00040-00018544-00018848": "recipe that will, in eight points, get you to", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00041-00018848-00019272": "book every audition. So there's the culture and there's", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00042-00019272-00019576": "the conditioning and of course the culture is coming from the conditioning", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00043-00019576-00019880": "because the people making the culture were conditioned", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00044-00019880-00020264": "the exact same way that you and I were conditioned, which is", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00045-00020264-00020784": "information was shoved down our throat from the outside like:", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00046-00020784-00021159": "\"No! You don't get a say into how your education is gonna go,", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00047-00021159-00021559": "you don't get a say in what you're gonna feel as a person.", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00048-00021559-00021864": "Let me tell you what you're supposed to feel. I'm gonna tell you you're not", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00049-00021864-00022120": "supposed to cry. I'm gonna tell you as your parent that", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00050-00022120-00022431": "you're not supposed to be angry. I'm gonna tell you that you're", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00051-00022431-00022815": "not supposed to disagree. And you're not even supposed to be", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00052-00022815-00023159": "super happy too loud. Turn it down!\". And then, you go", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00053-00023159-00023431": "to school and the teachers will tell you that", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00054-00023431-00023704": "you're supposed to sit, behave like everybody else.", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00055-00023704-00024023": "\"Be like everybody else and kind of throw yourself", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00056-00024023-00024487": "out the window\". So inevitably if everyone is raised and conditioned that", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00057-00024487-00024776": "way, what do those people", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00058-00024776-00025215": "produce as a system if they become part of the", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00059-00025215-00025464": "entertainment industry and they open an acting school,", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00060-00025464-00025968": "well they're gonna create a method, a theory", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00061-00025968-00026424": "inside of which you will become a great actor,", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00062-00026424-00026872": "like an external thing to you that if you apply,", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00063-00026872-00027391": "it will work. And I think it's kind of very specific to acting", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00064-00027391-00028063": "because there are not many arts that demand", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00065-00028063-00028600": "steps like: \"do these eight steps and you'll have the perfect painting\".", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00066-00028600-00029063": "Art cannot be reduced to steps or technique", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00067-00029063-00029416": "or method. It's much, much, much, much, much bigger than that.", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00068-00029416-00030136": "It's like not comparable. Again, I'm not criticizing the thoughts", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00069-00030136-00030552": "that you may have about", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00070-00030568-00031103": "what the secret to acting is because I understand that the reason why", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00071-00031103-00031375": "you may think that there's a secret to acting", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00072-00031375-00031736": "or why people in general may think that is a", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00073-00031736-00032039": "a result of the fact that we have been conditioned", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00074-00032039-00032408": "to think that everything comes from the outside. The authority on what is true", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00075-00032408-00032896": "and good for me is from the outside. And therefore, we're in a culture that", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00076-00032896-00033224": "delivers that outside to your doors. If", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00077-00033224-00033656": "you've ever been on the roller coaster of going from", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00078-00033656-00033991": "one technique or one message to the next, well it can be pretty", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00079-00033991-00034616": "exhausting. That's a lot to do. And the more you learn techniques", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00080-00034616-00034944": "and methods, obviously the more you walk away from", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00081-00034944-00035488": "you and from your own perception of what works for you. It's draining", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00082-00035488-00035936": "physically and also in terms of budget because", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00083-00035936-00036256": "the bigger the acting guru, the more expensive it'll be.", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00084-00036256-00036608": "And you can spend all your money in training like that if you want to look", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00085-00036608-00037128": "at all the methods and the techniques. What I would like to say is that there", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00086-00037128-00037663": "is no secret, there is no recipe", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00087-00037672-00038408": "and really there is no acting. The only thing that there is for you to", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00088-00038408-00038991": "discover as an actor is you!", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00089-00039008-00039360": "If there was a secret for you that would be it.", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00090-00039360-00040063": "The thing is when you can be you fully present, fully there,", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00091-00040063-00040840": "fully open, unconditioned, really fully alive; you don't need", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00092-00040840-00041600": "to act, you can just be. And how can I prove that? Well, if you look at children", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00093-00041600-00041944": "children who are actors, or who are not by the way because they all act all day", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00094-00041944-00042359": "long in their living rooms anyway, they've never been to an acting class.", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00095-00042359-00042768": "They've never taken a workshop. They don't even know what a", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00096-00042768-00043256": "recipe is. However, they do act and they do believe", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00097-00043256-00043568": "in what they're doing. And they're never preoccupied with \"am I", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00098-00043568-00043840": "doing it right or not?\". They're concerned with being present to", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00099-00043840-00044112": "the experience that they're giving themselves", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00100-00044112-00044431": "because that's why they're doing it, because they want to be", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00101-00044431-00044800": "the barber or the hairdresser or the mechanic.", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00102-00044800-00045247": "They want to feel that. They're not yet conditioned enough", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00103-00045247-00045703": "to think: \"Wait! I need to do it well so others like it.", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00104-00045703-00046208": "So, what's the trick? What's the recipe? What's the theory?", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00105-00046208-00046624": "What's the external thing that doesn't come from me that I should be doing so", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00106-00046624-00046856": "that will be good?\". They're not there yet. They", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00107-00046856-00047375": "haven't had the time to be conditioned. What I'm saying is that there is no", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00108-00047375-00047880": "secret, there's no recipe and there is no acting. All we need is", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00109-00047880-00048319": "for you to be open enough just when you", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00110-00048319-00048624": "were a child and when you're open enough, when you're", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00111-00048624-00049087": "present, when you with everything that that entails; not", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00112-00049087-00049440": "you in a good version, not you in a people-pleasing version;", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00113-00049440-00049816": "just the raw you that you don't have access to right now", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00114-00049816-00050087": "because it's so conditioned and so resistant", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00115-00050087-00050456": "that you're stuck into your learned behavior.", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00116-00050456-00051175": "When you can show up as you, there's no effort, there is", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00117-00051175-00051695": "practically no work. People who free themselves up, who work through", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00118-00051695-00052247": "their resistances and who are instinctive talk about", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00119-00052247-00052816": "sensations in their acting that they didn't even know was possible", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00120-00052816-00053312": "or that they always dreamed was possible", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00121-00053312-00053608": "but never knew they could get there. That is", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00122-00053608-00053895": "what's possible when there is only you, when you drop", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00123-00053895-00054551": "acting as a thing outside of you. Acting is the capacity to be fully", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00124-00054551-00054920": "alive. Can anyone teach you that? No! It's about", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00125-00054920-00055383": "being you. Because me being fully alive really does", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00126-00055383-00055704": "not look the same as when my neighbor is fully alive. We're all", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00127-00055704-00056167": "very unique and specific. You want to be able to do the work", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00128-00056167-00056551": "that undoes the formatting, undoes the conditioning,", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00129-00056551-00057095": "undoes all of that resistance so that you can get to the real", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00130-00057095-00057791": "version of you. And when that person walks in the room, there's a", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00131-00057791-00058048": "human being, there's not an actor. And that's what", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00132-00058048-00058400": "casting directors are looking for. They're not looking for good actors.", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00133-00058400-00058720": "They're looking for people who can fool others", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00134-00058720-00059151": "for truth. They're looking for people who are actually carrying", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00135-00059151-00059632": "their full self, their full authentic, instinctive and free self;", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00136-00059632-00060104": "whether that's good or bad, whether it's in the breakdown or not,", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00137-00060104-00060472": "whether it fits this description; if you can come", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00138-00060472-00060783": "bigger than what is written. It doesn't mean you're pushing.", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00139-00060783-00061207": "It doesn't mean you're acting. If you can just be yourself,", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00140-00061207-00061576": "that's the only thing that you need and that's", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00141-00061576-00061895": "the only work that most people don't want to do.", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00142-00061895-00062224": "It's your foundation. It doesn't mean you have to be a beginner.", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00143-00062224-00062600": "In the \"Reset Journey\", we have people who are \"A level\", we have people who are", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00144-00062600-00063112": "starting. It doesn't matter. Your instrument is your raw material.", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00145-00063112-00063512": "Your raw material needs to be taken care of", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00146-00063512-00063967": "all the time because if you don't,", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00147-00064032-00064448": "everything else that you're doing, all the other secrets that people were", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00148-00064448-00064695": "mentioning like: \"learn your line super well\"", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00149-00064695-00065200": "Great! If i learn my lines really well and my instrument is not free, what's", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00150-00065200-00065624": "that gonna do? I'm just gonna say my lines with half of", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00151-00065624-00066176": "an instrument. That can't do anything good.", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00152-00066176-00066672": "If people were saying: \"Forget the camera\". Okay! Let's say I forget the camera. I can", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00153-00066672-00067000": "be delusional enough to think there's no camera.", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00154-00067000-00067592": "What is that gonna do if my instrument is 80% free or 20%", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00155-00067592-00067968": "free if Iam not here? Nothing else", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00156-00067968-00068560": "matters! Absolutely nothing else! When you stop looking for external", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00157-00068560-00069000": "tricks and recipes and secrets outside of you and you start turning", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00158-00069000-00069616": "your attention inward, the amount of power, energy, instinct,", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00159-00069616-00070183": "flow, creativity that you will find in there is beyond what anyone could", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00160-00070183-00070672": "explain. It's limitless and it can create", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00161-00070672-00071232": "worlds. It's absurd. And people who are resetting themselves", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00162-00071232-00071720": "to be free inside of the \"Reset Journey\", which is the program that we do, the work", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00163-00071720-00071976": "that we do,", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00164-00071992-00072439": "you can see their testimonials in the \"Instinctive Actors' group\" or on Instagram,", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00165-00072439-00072912": "it's incredible, it's incredible!", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00166-00072912-00073336": "Not the program is incredible but when you can be your full self,", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00167-00073336-00073912": "what you will experience is incredible. And the level of effort that will need", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00168-00073912-00074383": "to be in your acting is zero because you'll BE. There'll be no", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00169-00074383-00074776": "reason to act. Just like children, not putting on", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00170-00074776-00075160": "something to play a scene. They're just", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00171-00075160-00075583": "being themselves. If you want any", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00172-00075583-00075872": "information about the \"Reset Journey\", if you've never", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00173-00075872-00076407": "heard about this, let us know in the comments.", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00174-00076407-00076816": "I'll share a free training: \"STOP trying to be a GOOD ACTOR so you have a chance at", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00175-00076816-00077088": "being GREAT!\" I'll share that in the comments.", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00176-00077088-00077520": "And if you have any questions or comments, put them in there too.", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00177-00077520-00077895": "If you want to be part of this and you've looked at our content for a while", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00178-00077895-00078192": "and you're ready and you feel that this resonates and", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00179-00078192-00078751": "you want to reset, write RESET in the comments or write", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00180-00078751-00079063": "INFORMATION in the comments if you don't know what I'm talking about and you", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00181-00079063-00079512": "would like some information. We'll get in touch with you", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00182-00079512-00079832": "and we'll let you know when you can start.", "hnOOwv_zZT8-00183-00079832-00080248": "Okay! Thank you, guys! Bye!"}}, {"audio_id": "io79fHnZIuy", "text": {"io79fHnZIuy-00000-00000324-00000849": "I have this great product that I use and it's a secret weapon.", "io79fHnZIuy-00001-00000849-00001411": "Not too many barbers are using it, but I hope after you guys watch this you all go to Jatai.net", "io79fHnZIuy-00002-00001411-00001703": "and order up cases of it.", "io79fHnZIuy-00003-00001703-00001803": "This is it, right here.", "io79fHnZIuy-00004-00001803-00001903": "You guys catch it?", "io79fHnZIuy-00005-00001903-00002003": "You see it yet?", "io79fHnZIuy-00006-00002003-00002182": "Okay, here it is.", "io79fHnZIuy-00007-00002182-00002307": "Blade Glide.", "io79fHnZIuy-00008-00002307-00002814": "The reason I use Blade Glide is because it equalizes the porosity in the hair which makes", "io79fHnZIuy-00009-00002814-00003214": "it easier for you to shave through without the tug and pull.", "io79fHnZIuy-00010-00003214-00003753": "So when I'm doing a shaving service I will spray the Blade Glide on first, then I will", "io79fHnZIuy-00011-00003753-00004632": "apply the lather, then I'll put the hot towel on, remove it, and respray the client down", "io79fHnZIuy-00012-00004632-00004839": "with the Blade Glide.", "io79fHnZIuy-00013-00004839-00005416": "And at that point with the hot towel, the Blade Glide, and the lather it's already softening", "io79fHnZIuy-00014-00005416-00005594": "the hair follicle up.", "io79fHnZIuy-00015-00005594-00005955": "So, you shouldn't experience any tug and pull.", "io79fHnZIuy-00016-00005955-00006686": "It's also going to act as a skin conditioning agent for the skin during the shave as well.", "io79fHnZIuy-00017-00006686-00007435": "And I honestly live by this when I shave and I want you guys to live by it too.", "io79fHnZIuy-00018-00007435-00008064": "Also, it acts as a protectant layer on the skin so when you're sliding that razor through", "io79fHnZIuy-00019-00008064-00008609": "you're actually going through the conditioning part of the product as far as not going straight", "io79fHnZIuy-00020-00008609-00009136": "on the skin."}}, {"audio_id": "ioPSxWC6AAE", "text": {"ioPSxWC6AAE-00000-00000209-00000413": "John Wilbanks: So, I’m going to cover a slightly different", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00001-00000413-00000514": "topic.", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00002-00000514-00000667": "Feel free to look us up at sagebase.org.", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00003-00000667-00001292": "We’re a nonprofit based in Seattle at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, and what we", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00004-00001292-00001701": "do is we try to connect groups of people who have data and would like to share data with", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00005-00001701-00001910": "groups of people who like to analyze data.", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00006-00001910-00002510": "And so, we have a set of different systems inside the organization, ranging from a data", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00007-00002510-00003032": "use and version control platform, for the sort of people who really like to analyze", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00008-00003032-00003148": "data from command prompt.", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00009-00003148-00003643": "We have about 8,000 regular users there, and we’ve just started branching into actually", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00010-00003643-00004089": "running observational studies through mobile devices.", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00011-00004089-00004489": "Each of which -- the first two have been approved to enroll up to 100,000 people, and so we’ve", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00012-00004489-00004935": "had to develop a whole set of other governance capacities that let us enroll people in a", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00013-00004935-00005086": "way that we think is informing.", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00014-00005086-00005377": "So, I’m going to focus on that piece and we can talk about some of the other stuff", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00015-00005377-00005477": "on the panel.", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00016-00005477-00005968": "So, if you’re going to enroll 100,000 people in a study that is only mediated through the", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00017-00005968-00006556": "mobile device, simply rendering the consent document as a PDF is not a very informing", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00018-00006556-00006699": "choice to make.", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00019-00006699-00007259": "So, Sally alluded to interaction in persona-based design, and that’s actually what we spent", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00020-00007259-00007403": "most of 2014 doing.", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00021-00007403-00007852": "We did about 35 interviews in conjunction with Academy Health and the Electronic Data", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00022-00007852-00008378": "Methods Forum with a variety of stakeholders and did persona creation to see, “What are", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00023-00008378-00008892": "the kinds of things we can do to make informed consent more of an informing process than", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00024-00008892-00009322": "just a static document given that we’re not going to have the experience of the participant", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00025-00009322-00009606": "talking to a clinician and having them hand them a form?”", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00026-00009606-00010111": "And what we came up with was very much inspired by the way software design works; it was to", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00027-00010111-00010535": "think about, “What’s a process that you enroll someone over the course of, using their", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00028-00010535-00010913": "phone, that actually informs them enough about the study to make some choices?”", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00029-00010913-00011298": "And so, the way that it works is, you download an app on your phone.", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00030-00011298-00011752": "One of the studies is in Parkinson’s symptom variation; the other is in post-chemotherapy", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00031-00011752-00012209": "cognitive impact, and one of the key ideas from the interview was, “Well, if it’s", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00032-00012209-00012560": "on my phone, I don’t want to just swipe right or tap on everything.”", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00033-00012560-00013014": "There needs to be something that brings the experience of the study back to the participant", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00034-00013014-00013444": "before they enroll in the study, so one of the things we do is we record sensor data", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00035-00013444-00013638": "on the phone during very specific tasks.", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00036-00013638-00014254": "All right, so if you have Parkinson’s disease, you have hand tremor; you have gait disabilities.", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00037-00014254-00014636": "Well, we have an enormously powerful way to measure that by saying we’re going to send", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00038-00014636-00015066": "you a notification and ask you to walk 20 feet in one direction and walk twenty feet", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00039-00015066-00015481": "back, and we record the accelerometers and the gyroscopes on the phone to get a quantitative", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00040-00015481-00015654": "measure of your gait.", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00041-00015654-00015997": "We similarly ask you to say, “Ahhh” into the microphone for 10 seconds at a time to", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00042-00015997-00016294": "get the muscle tone of your voice box.", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00043-00016294-00016693": "Now over time, over the course of the year, which is the timeline for the study, this", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00044-00016693-00017248": "gives us an incredibly quantitative picture of the progression of the Parkinson’s symptoms.", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00045-00017248-00017481": "We’re also doing surveys, right?", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00046-00017481-00018009": "So, the idea was you, during you’re actual consent on the phone -- and we’re not going", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00047-00018009-00018335": "to assume that everyone understands that there’s censors on their phone that can be recorded", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00048-00018335-00018709": "this way, so you have to shake the phone at that point in the consent process to activate", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00049-00018709-00019168": "the censors rather than tap and continue to move forward, all right?", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00050-00019168-00019592": "-- we have an animation that is icon based that shows you, as you’re going through", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00051-00019592-00019907": "a survey, that you don’t have to answer all the questions if you don’t feel comfortable.", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00052-00019907-00020426": "And we came up with about 11 core screens that were generic to informed consent, in", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00053-00020426-00020822": "our opinion, for a low-risk, observational study on the phone.", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00054-00020822-00021191": "We use the same exact screens for two very different studies.", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00055-00021191-00021662": "One is, you know, the post-chemo cognitive impact; one is Parkinson’s, but the interface", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00056-00021662-00021956": "layer is consistent because they’re very similar studies structurally.", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00057-00021956-00022520": "And, indeed, we’ve now been able to work with three other institutions who are designing", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00058-00022520-00022974": "similar style apps. to say -- there’s actually a chance for convergence at the interface", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00059-00022974-00023454": "layer for informed consent in a way that makes it more informing, in many ways, than even", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00060-00023454-00023857": "talking to a clinician because clinicians are often in a hurry and just hands you a", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00061-00023857-00024082": "form and says, “Sign this or you’re not in the study.”", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00062-00024082-00024529": "What we’re hoping comes out of this -- and we’ve released all of these things on our", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00063-00024529-00024738": "website as an open-sourced tool-kit.", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00064-00024738-00024888": "I mean, it’s just a methodology.", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00065-00024888-00025431": "It’s just a language that uses iconography instead of text to communicate, and it thinks", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00066-00025431-00025833": "about the process that you move through, so it’s not something that we want to proprietize", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00067-00025833-00026470": "-- but what’s out of this is, from the geek’s perspective, if you start to stabilize on", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00068-00026470-00026983": "a set of icons and screens -- as these are sort of a baseline, 11-screen consent interface", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00069-00026983-00027425": "-- first of all, that makes it easier to do inoperability analysis because you can start", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00070-00027425-00027991": "to see, structurally, if someone inserts a weird piece of information or requirement", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00071-00027991-00028488": "that hurts later integration of the data, but it also gives the patient communities", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00072-00028488-00028972": "a vocabulary for what kinds of studies they want to be involved in, and that’s a vocabulary", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00073-00028972-00029416": "that’s been very difficult to create using traditional legal text methods.", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00074-00029416-00029739": "If you can actually say, “These icons,” right?", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00075-00029739-00030231": "“These restrictions or freedoms or kinds of data that we are comfortable with, this", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00076-00030231-00030587": "is what we want as a community” -- it can be a very powerful way to start signaling", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00077-00030587-00031052": "out to researchers, so you can get some of that matching done ahead of time.", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00078-00031052-00031522": "And one of the reasons that I wanted to bring this up was Jason’s point earlier about", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00079-00031522-00032013": "failed relationships being sort of something that are really important to anticipate, and", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00080-00032013-00032280": "we’ve had -- I see.", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00081-00032280-00032727": "We’ve had a tough relationship with a patient advocacy group, and the problem was that we", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00082-00032727-00032918": "were going too slow, right?", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00083-00032918-00033427": "We were developing sort of on a research timeline, you know, going through a design process in", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00084-00033427-00033743": "a way to build something we thought would be much more effective for them.", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00085-00033743-00034015": "But it took so long that they just got really angry.", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00086-00034015-00034430": "Really, really emotionally angry with us, and we didn’t hear that until so late in", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00087-00034430-00034758": "the process that it was really hard to pull it out.", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00088-00034758-00035283": "So, my hope is that there’s real benefit to treating consent as a process, not sort", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00089-00035283-00035659": "of a static moment where you say yes or no to a document, but the reality is, when you", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00090-00035659-00036119": "design a really large study, you have to have that cohort be analyzable; the data need to", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00091-00036119-00036538": "be distributable so you can verify the sorts of predictive models that get built on it,", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00092-00036538-00037022": "but you can start to create signals so that someone who is going through the process understands", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00093-00037022-00037444": "that it matches their individual values, and you can create a vocabulary so that communities", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00094-00037444-00037618": "can declare their values in advance.", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00095-00037618-00038128": "I think that’s going to help build relationships that fit because the sorts of uses that we", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00096-00038128-00038819": "make of data at Sage really require fairly broad, long-term consent because we want to", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00097-00038819-00039263": "build predictive models, file those predictive models with publishers, and have the data", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00098-00039263-00039672": "that led to the conclusions that were published be replicatable and re-analyzable.", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00099-00039672-00040100": "So, it’s really hard to offer people the opportunity to come back and delete their", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00100-00040100-00040598": "data or delete their consent and be consistent with the scientific process that we’re taking", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00101-00040598-00040698": "forward.", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00102-00040698-00041058": "So, it’s really important for us to be able to connect with communities and know at the", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00103-00041058-00041609": "beginning that the values that they have match with the scientific processes that we have", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00104-00041609-00041950": "because there’s implicit values buried in the ways that certain types of science get", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00105-00041950-00042390": "done, specially large-scale data science, that are not going to be comfortable to all", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00106-00042390-00042843": "communities, and I think it will help all of us if we can do some of that impedance-matching", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00107-00042843-00042962": "up front.", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00108-00042962-00043084": "And I think that I have, like -- what?", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00109-00043084-00043303": "One minute left or am I done?", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00110-00043303-00043403": "[inaudible]", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00111-00043403-00043725": "John Wilbanks: Okay, so -- just the last piece of this, which", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00112-00043725-00044215": "is that we think a lot of people are going to do these sorts of app.-based, longitudinal,", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00113-00044215-00044460": "observational studies because they’re easy, right?", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00114-00044460-00044706": "We’re standing up, too, and we don’t have any funding.", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00115-00044706-00045125": "That’s how cheap it is to roll this sort of stuff out and we’re going to be making", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00116-00045125-00045486": "all the source code, all the web-services, all these things available to other people", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00117-00045486-00045903": "who would like to run such kinds of studies, but the thumb that we’re going to put on", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00118-00045903-00046177": "the scale -- the tacks we’re going to put on the scale -- is that no one’s going to", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00119-00046177-00046566": "be able to use the architecture if they don’t return all the data to the participant on", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00120-00046566-00046786": "demand in an exportable format.", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00121-00046786-00047186": "All right, so we’re making this sort of unitary demands on the cohort from a science", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00122-00047186-00047624": "perspective, but the deal is, if you want that, you have to give complete access to", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00123-00047624-00047986": "the data back to the participant and not just as a downloadable tar ball, right?", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00124-00047986-00048452": "What’s more important, you have to be able to push the data to a third party, like PEER", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00125-00048452-00048702": "[spelled phonetically] or some of the other platforms we’ve heard where you can manage", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00126-00048702-00049097": "your data as a participant once it’s gotten outside of that clinical research context.", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00127-00049097-00049197": "I’ll stop there.", "ioPSxWC6AAE-00128-00049197-00049198": "[end of transcript]"}}, {"audio_id": "i00YmSrxxYy", "text": {"i00YmSrxxYy-00000-00000282-00000447": "He has a great sense of power", "i00YmSrxxYy-00001-00000447-00000649": "butno sense of responsibility"}}, {"audio_id": "i02-p0rhOUo", "text": {"i02-p0rhOUo-00000-00000017-00000375": "Kwenye Game nimekam na My rare FLOW fucking Bitches, Thotties like everywhere", "i02-p0rhOUo-00001-00000375-00000778": "I GO ur Shawty after this she Dancing LIMBO", "i02-p0rhOUo-00002-00000778-00001315": "five man squad , U know the LINGO I got Homies who back Me up EL-Gringo", "i02-p0rhOUo-00003-00001315-00001505": "Talkin issh My G utavunjwa Shingo."}}, {"audio_id": "i0lUtWxbObM", "text": {"i0lUtWxbObM-00000-00000083-00001753": "Kampong", "i0lUtWxbObM-00001-00001753-00002610": "Speu International Standard Stadium will be completed in mid-2022, while Cambodia will", "i0lUtWxbObM-00002-00002610-00002826": "host the 2023 SEA Games.", "i0lUtWxbObM-00003-00002826-00003470": "On December 8, Mr. Vy Samnang, Governor of Kampong Speu Province, inspected the progress", "i0lUtWxbObM-00004-00003470-00004294": "of the construction of Kampong Speu Provincial Sports Center in Ta Mol Village, Chbar Morn", "i0lUtWxbObM-00005-00004294-00004431": "Sangkat, Chbar Morn City.", "i0lUtWxbObM-00006-00004431-00004919": "Kampong Speu Provincial Stadium is built according to international standard techniques and is", "i0lUtWxbObM-00007-00004919-00005839": "the initiative of Mr. HUN Many, Member of Parliament for Kampong Speu Constituency and", "i0lUtWxbObM-00008-00005839-00006451": "Kampong Speu Provincial Leaders, and fully supported by NagaWorld with a generous heart,", "i0lUtWxbObM-00009-00006451-00006551": "including philanthropists Others.", "i0lUtWxbObM-00010-00006551-00007178": "The international standard stadium is being built with a grant of about 2 million US dollars", "i0lUtWxbObM-00011-00007178-00008392": "from the NagaWorld Foundation, which is scheduled to be completed in time for Cambodia to host", "i0lUtWxbObM-00012-00008392-00008492": "the 2023 SEA Games.", "i0lUtWxbObM-00013-00008492-00009722": "Kampot City", "i0lUtWxbObM-00014-00009722-00010665": "is ready to welcome the presence of the skyscraper for the first time as the skyscraper in the", "i0lUtWxbObM-00015-00010665-00010968": "city has reached the fourth floor.", "i0lUtWxbObM-00016-00010968-00011464": "After spending a lot of time building the foundations and basement of the Thai Bunrong", "i0lUtWxbObM-00017-00011464-00011924": "Twin Business Center, the project is continuing to include projects such as shopping malls,", "i0lUtWxbObM-00018-00011924-00012179": "offices for rent, hotels, apartments and condominiums.", "i0lUtWxbObM-00019-00012179-00012667": "Professor Tuos Saphoeun, who designed the project and is a senior architectural director", "i0lUtWxbObM-00020-00012667-00013541": "of Thai Bunrong, said recently that the construction of the commercial center will be accelerated", "i0lUtWxbObM-00021-00013541-00014066": "due to Construction of the foundation and basement has been completed.", "i0lUtWxbObM-00022-00014066-00014924": "\"The construction of the basement and the foundation took a long time, but when we finished,", "i0lUtWxbObM-00023-00014924-00015829": "the construction of the upper floor took a long time,\" he said.", "i0lUtWxbObM-00024-00015829-00016725": "\"The presence of this skyscraper will change the face of Kampot in the future as the city", "i0lUtWxbObM-00025-00016725-00017403": "has been beginning to attract more investment from Chinese and local investors,\" he said.", "i0lUtWxbObM-00026-00017403-00018229": "In addition to the 45-story skyscraper of the Thai Bunrong Business Center, Kampot City", "i0lUtWxbObM-00027-00018229-00019610": "will also be present in the future from 10 to more than 20 floors."}}, {"audio_id": "i0yxj8SBBwg", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "i0A3vXMiv9g", "text": {"i0A3vXMiv9g-00000-00001662-00001776": "♫ Do you feel that? ♫", "i0A3vXMiv9g-00001-00002007-00002278": "♫ Feeling in somewhere, sometime ♫", "i0A3vXMiv9g-00002-00002488-00002704": "♫ What I feel inside ♫", "i0A3vXMiv9g-00003-00002782-00002886": "♫ We go ♫", "i0A3vXMiv9g-00004-00006002-00006102": "♫ Ejecting", "i0A3vXMiv9g-00005-00006220-00006360": "outward ♫", "i0A3vXMiv9g-00006-00006440-00006692": "♫ Hallucinatory power♫", "i0A3vXMiv9g-00007-00006750-00006914": "♫ In nowhere ♫", "i0A3vXMiv9g-00008-00007004-00007123": "♫ Out here ♫", "i0A3vXMiv9g-00009-00007144-00007440": "♫ Insomniatic driver ♫", "i0A3vXMiv9g-00010-00007526-00007695": "♫ Pitch black ♫", "i0A3vXMiv9g-00011-00007740-00007859": "♫ Nightmare ♫", "i0A3vXMiv9g-00012-00007909-00008180": "♫ Desert flower ♫", "i0A3vXMiv9g-00013-00008284-00008546": "♫ A Cactus, In nowhere ♫", "i0A3vXMiv9g-00014-00008642-00008806": "♫ Nowhere to go", "i0A3vXMiv9g-00015-00008974-00009108": "Nowhere to go", "i0A3vXMiv9g-00016-00009332-00009530": "Nowhere to go", "i0A3vXMiv9g-00017-00009780-00010052": "Nowhere to go", "i0A3vXMiv9g-00018-00010128-00010354": "Nowhere to go", "i0A3vXMiv9g-00019-00010482-00010700": "Nowhere to go", "i0A3vXMiv9g-00020-00010836-00011070": "Nowhere to go ♫", "i0A3vXMiv9g-00021-00012042-00012208": "♫ Can't see a thing ♫", "i0A3vXMiv9g-00022-00012306-00012520": "♫ I mean, it's so dark ♫", "i0A3vXMiv9g-00023-00012716-00012976": "♫ Can I tell you what I think? ♫", "i0A3vXMiv9g-00024-00013088-00013334": "♫ I've come too far ♫", "i0A3vXMiv9g-00025-00016398-00016596": "♫ Nowhere to go", "i0A3vXMiv9g-00026-00016730-00016952": "Nowhere to go", "i0A3vXMiv9g-00027-00017100-00017366": "Nowhere to go", "i0A3vXMiv9g-00028-00017460-00017660": "Nowhere to go", "i0A3vXMiv9g-00029-00017818-00018042": "Nowhere to go", "i0A3vXMiv9g-00030-00018140-00018404": "Nowhere to go", "i0A3vXMiv9g-00031-00022370-00022578": "Nowhere to go ♫", "i0A3vXMiv9g-00032-00022742-00022842": "♫ (go) ♫", "i0A3vXMiv9g-00033-00023128-00023554": "♫ Go Nowhere (no no) ♫"}}, {"audio_id": "i0coMMHJMIy", "text": {"i0coMMHJMIy-00000-00000587-00001438": "드라마 '미워도 사랑해'에서 이동하가 본부장으로 복귀한 이성열을 만났다.", "i0coMMHJMIy-00001-00001455-00002273": "29일 오후 방송된 KBS 1TV 일일드라마 '미워도 사랑해'(극본", "i0coMMHJMIy-00002-00002291-00003076": "김홍주, 연출 박기호)에서는 지니어스 화장품 본부장으로 돌아간", "i0coMMHJMIy-00003-00003093-00003724": "홍석표(이성열 분)의 모습이 그려졌다.", "i0coMMHJMIy-00004-00003742-00004505": "이날 전당포에 짝퉁 가방이 있는 것을 발견한 길은조(표예진", "i0coMMHJMIy-00005-00004522-00005318": "분)는 고모 길은정(전미선 분)에게 '이거 걸리면 어떻게 되는지", "i0coMMHJMIy-00006-00005336-00005890": "알아요?'라고 화를 냈다.", "i0coMMHJMIy-00007-00005907-00006581": "이에 길은정은 '걸리면 벌금 좀 내면 되지.", "i0coMMHJMIy-00008-00006598-00007284": "너한테 벌금 내달라는 소리 안 해'라고 했다.", "i0coMMHJMIy-00009-00007302-00008009": "길은조는 길은정에게 빨리 다 처분하라고 독촉했다.", "i0coMMHJMIy-00010-00008027-00008801": "이후 홍석표에게 김행자(송옥숙 분)가 쓰러졌다는 연락을 받은", "i0coMMHJMIy-00011-00008819-00009549": "길은조는 변부식(이동하 분)과 함께 응급실로 향했다.", "i0coMMHJMIy-00012-00009566-00010406": "깨어있는 김행자를 본 길은조는 '아줌마 죽는 줄 알았잖아'라며 울었다.", "i0coMMHJMIy-00013-00010423-00011087": "김행자는 길은조를 달래며 '죽긴 왜 죽어.", "i0coMMHJMIy-00014-00011104-00011647": "나 김행자야'라고 했다.", "i0coMMHJMIy-00015-00011664-00012372": "길은조는 김행자, 변부식과 함께 집으로 돌아왔다.", "i0coMMHJMIy-00016-00012389-00013152": "김행자가 잠이 든 후 길은조는 변부식에게 파혼을 선언했다.", "i0coMMHJMIy-00017-00013169-00013932": "이에 변부식은 '내 마음은 처음이나 지금이나 똑같다는 것만", "i0coMMHJMIy-00018-00013950-00014460": "알아달라'고 했다.", "i0coMMHJMIy-00019-00014477-00015306": "자신의 집으로 돌아간 변부식은 길은조에게 한 말과 달리 정인우(한혜린", "i0coMMHJMIy-00020-00015324-00016021": "분)가 자신에게 결혼하자고 했던 말을 떠올렸다.", "i0coMMHJMIy-00021-00016038-00016713": "한편 김행자의 전당포 압수 수사가 시작됐다.", "i0coMMHJMIy-00022-00016730-00017427": "길은정이 짝퉁 가방을 팔다 경찰에 걸린 것이다.", "i0coMMHJMIy-00023-00017444-00018207": "한 번만 봐달라는 ���은정의 말에 김행자는 '핑계 대지 마.", "i0coMMHJMIy-00024-00018224-00018998": "아이들 얘기도 하지 마. 먹고 산다고 다 너처럼 사고 치지는", "i0coMMHJMIy-00025-00019016-00019548": "않아'라고 화를 냈다.", "i0coMMHJMIy-00026-00019565-00020262": "경찰은 길은정을 상표법 위반으로 긴급 체포했다.", "i0coMMHJMIy-00027-00020279-00021064": "김행자는 '여기 전당포 주인이 나다. 나랑 이야기 합시다'라며", "i0coMMHJMIy-00028-00021082-00021856": "'내 가게에서 벌어진 일이니까 나랑 함께 갑시다'라고 했다.", "i0coMMHJMIy-00029-00021873-00022658": "이런 김행자를 길은조와 민양아(은서율 분)가 말렸지만 김행자는", "i0coMMHJMIy-00030-00022676-00023208": "자신이 가겠다고 했다.", "i0coMMHJMIy-00031-00023225-00023922": "경찰서로 가기 전 김행자는 변부식에게 전화했다.", "i0coMMHJMIy-00032-00023939-00024702": "김행자는 변부식에게 경찰서로 와 달라며, 오기 전에 심부름", "i0coMMHJMIy-00033-00024720-00025219": "하나를 부탁했다.", "i0coMMHJMIy-00034-00025236-00025988": "변부식은 김행자 대신 지니어스 화장품 본부장실로 향했다.", "i0coMMHJMIy-00035-00026005-00026812": "김행자가 아닌 변부식이 자신의 사무실에 들어오자 홍석표는 놀랐다."}}, {"audio_id": "i10SQ_gyuGy", "text": {"i10SQ_gyuGy-00000-00000042-00001092": "Hi, my name is Mykola and I'm 22 years old. I come from the beautiful city of Kherson.", "i10SQ_gyuGy-00001-00001092-00001662": "I don't have much experience working in other companies, but I've worked as a freelancer and I'm", "i10SQ_gyuGy-00002-00001662-00002202": "always willing to learn and grow professionally. When I am facing difficult situations, I try to", "i10SQ_gyuGy-00003-00002202-00002682": "stay calm and focused. For instance, when I was working on a video editing", "i10SQ_gyuGy-00004-00002682-00003042": "project for a client and faced a technical issue, I analyzed the problem, searched for possible", "i10SQ_gyuGy-00005-00003042-00003522": "solutions online, and tested different approaches until I found the best one. As a result,", "i10SQ_gyuGy-00006-00003522-00004134": "I was able to deliver the project on time. I would love to work as a video editor because", "i10SQ_gyuGy-00007-00004134-00004704": "I'm passionate about storytelling and visual arts. I enjoy creating compelling visuals", "i10SQ_gyuGy-00008-00004704-00005190": "and enhancing the emotional impact of a story through editing techniques.", "i10SQ_gyuGy-00009-00005190-00005880": "Although I don't have many hobbies at the time, I used to go to the", "i10SQ_gyuGy-00010-00005880-00006312": "gym regularly and stay physically active. I prefer to work alone because it allows me", "i10SQ_gyuGy-00011-00006312-00006708": "to focus better and have more control over the creative process. However,", "i10SQ_gyuGy-00012-00006708-00007170": "I can also collaborate effectively with others and contribute to a team's success.", "i10SQ_gyuGy-00013-00007170-00007668": "I believe that my personal qualities such as determination, adaptability,", "i10SQ_gyuGy-00014-00007668-00008286": "and creativity make me a strong candidate for any job. I'm always willing to learn new skills and", "i10SQ_gyuGy-00015-00008286-00008760": "face challenges with a positive attitude. I'm looking for a good job opportunity,", "i10SQ_gyuGy-00016-00008760-00009516": "whether it's a full-time or part-time position. I'm open to different options as", "i10SQ_gyuGy-00017-00009516-00010104": "long as they align with my professional goals. In the future, I plan to continue developing", "i10SQ_gyuGy-00018-00010104-00010680": "my skills as a video editor and explore new opportunities to expand my horizons.", "i10SQ_gyuGy-00019-00010680-00011214": "I think my strengths include being detail-oriented, creative, and adaptable.", "i10SQ_gyuGy-00020-00011214-00011862": "On the other hand, one of my weaknesses is that I tend to be too perfectionistic at times and", "i10SQ_gyuGy-00021-00011862-00012384": "may spend too much time on minor details. What I like about work is the opportunity", "i10SQ_gyuGy-00022-00012384-00012863": "to learn new things and contribute to something meaningful. What I dislike is", "i10SQ_gyuGy-00023-00012863-00013469": "when technical issues or software crashes interrupt the workflow and cause delays."}}, {"audio_id": "i1gZQF2lJ8c", "text": {"i1gZQF2lJ8c-00000-00000085-00000258": "What's up you guys Jason Wardrop here", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00001-00000258-00000458": "And in this view we're gonna break down some cool", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00002-00000463-00000911": "Facebook ad secrets some new updates that Facebook made to help you out with your business", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00003-00000930-00000980": "Okay", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00004-00000980-00001424": "So many of you guys know I've been away from youtube for probably about three maybe even four weeks now", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00005-00001458-00001886": "I had ACL surgery on August 1st and it is now August 17th", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00006-00001886-00002222": "And I think I didn't even make a video about a week before that", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00007-00002223-00002528": "So just prepping for the surgery because I knew it was gonna be down and out", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00008-00002596-00003200": "So if you guys been following me beginning of June I went through and I was at the lake was wakeboarding", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00009-00003286-00003968": "Came down wrong. I came down hard on my back leg and my meat just went so that was unfortunate and then I", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00010-00004027-00004346": "Waited to do my ACL surgery because I had some fun trips", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00011-00004346-00004595": "I was going to Dallas for the fourth of July and", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00012-00004605-00004949": "Then my wife took me to San Francisco for a weekend for my birthday", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00013-00004950-00005618": "I also went visit my brother over in New York City also had some business all on those the mix between there", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00014-00005619-00005978": "So I waited until August first and I just got that done", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00015-00006012-00006389": "It's nice to have it done that first week if you guys have ever had ACL surgery, man", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00016-00006389-00007034": "That was that was pretty killer, but I'm now somewhat mobile. I'm in a decent mental state", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00017-00007034-00007326": "So that's I was like, you know what I'll jump in start shooting some more", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00018-00007390-00007965": "YouTube videos for you guys and share some different things that you know, this one actually this is fairly new", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00019-00007965-00008438": "This is something that's I I stumbled upon probably it was probably like a week ago", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00020-00008454-00009011": "so it's a new update by Facebook be able to help you guys with your Facebook ads and anything else so", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00021-00009085-00009383": "This is basically how to spy on", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00022-00009442-00009559": "your competitors", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00023-00009559-00010242": "Facebook Ads now the key thing here guys is you do not want to straight-up copy your competitor's Facebook ads and the reason why is", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00024-00010272-00010396": "because", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00025-00010396-00010521": "It's just it doesn't help", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00026-00010521-00011102": "you doesn't help that like it's just like who say who's to say that they actually have a good converting Facebook ad and", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00027-00011118-00011804": "You know how you're all like if the second place person if somebody goes through and does a cool concept and you just copy them", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00028-00011854-00012362": "Everyone already knows that you're copying them. They already know they're more familiar with the original concepts", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00029-00012363-00012872": "So you want to take a look at it see what their kind of marketing - maybe check out their landing pages", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00030-00012872-00013072": "see what their offers are and", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00031-00013113-00013334": "You know as Russell Brunson says funnel", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00032-00013388-00013913": "But just check it out and see how you can go through and make your own spin on things because it doesn't mean that", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00033-00013954-00014474": "their ads are the very best or their landing pages that are offers I go through and you know", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00034-00014475-00014793": "I've checked out a couple I don't I don't really worry about it too much anymore", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00035-00014793-00015098": "but I've checked out a couple people's ads and stuff and", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00036-00015169-00015618": "Honestly, I'm like, well, I feel like they could probably improve on a few of these things right here", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00037-00015618-00015833": "So these are just to get some different ideas", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00038-00015835-00016022": "If you guys are you know?", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00039-00016022-00016473": "fresh out of ideas for Facebook Ads fresh out of ideas for landing pages for offers or", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00040-00016501-00016926": "Where to send people to see like, do you send them to a landing page or a webinar registration?", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00041-00016969-00017502": "Or maybe like a five day challenge or just whatever the offer is that you want to send people to?", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00042-00017572-00018285": "You can check out what some of the big dawgs the successful people in your niche or whatever are actually doing", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00043-00018285-00018944": "So what we're gonna do and you probably already have a list of competitors of yours in mind right now", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00044-00018952-00019361": "I like a majority of you guys that follow me are real estate agents", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00045-00019362-00019686": "And so I'll just give example for the real estate community came", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00046-00019702-00020088": "So if we come up here and I'm not gonna I'm not gonna pick anything", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00047-00020092-00020397": "It's specifically in my but let's just type in real estate", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00048-00020455-00021041": "At the top here. So we type in real estate. We've got some different pages groups posts", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00049-00021085-00021419": "What we want to do is want to come over here to actual pages", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00050-00021463-00021893": "Okay, and then you see we've got all these different pages cave real estate worldwide", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00051-00022012-00022458": "Voto or however you say that the Duncan duo realistic markings you to all these different ones", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00052-00022458-00023135": "So if we come in here and we click on let's just click on this top one 33,000 likes to someone obviously", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00053-00023136-00023619": "he's got a decent following right here, and we'll click on real-estate worldwide and", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00054-00023695-00023895": "Let's just check this out", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00055-00023898-00024305": "Okay, real estate service marketing consultant investing service, okay", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00056-00024306-00024705": "so this would be like he's probably very similar to what what I do and", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00057-00024820-00025173": "Let's see. Okay. Yeah, I recognize this guy right here. Okay", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00058-00025173-00025634": "so now what we want to do if we want to spy on our competitors Facebook Ads is", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00059-00025672-00026261": "There's this new tab over here on the left hand side on the left hand column which some of you guys may have already seen", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00060-00026262-00026443": "It murmee you've already noticed it", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00061-00026443-00026706": "I've met with or talked with some people", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00062-00026722-00027136": "That have stumbled upon it just like not even wanting to they just kind of figured it out", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00063-00027173-00027381": "but if you click on this info and ads", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00064-00027458-00028047": "Facebook ever since their Facebook data breach remember that a few months ago. I did a video on that", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00065-00028169-00028833": "They've wanted to be a lot more transparent with the ads that every business owner is running", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00066-00028833-00029364": "So what they've done is you guys know, they've taken a lot of the demographic targeting away", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00067-00029387-00030076": "Okay, which I've covered another video on that of what to do. If you can't do any demographic targeting that's totally fine", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00068-00030076-00030477": "I never do any demographic targeting in my ads work. Just alright, and", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00069-00030575-00030802": "Also, they want to make it more transparent", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00070-00030887-00031261": "What businesses are actually running as advertisements case?", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00071-00031261-00031737": "So they like you can't go and do like a little hidden ad and like kind of hide behind the scenes they want it to", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00072-00031738-00032154": "Be a lot more transparent because you come this guy's Facebook page, you know", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00073-00032155-00032560": "Ideally and you don't have to have this obviously on a Facebook page, but you got the phone number", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00074-00032563-00033090": "You've got the website you probably could go through search around find the email address. You can find that contact information", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00075-00033146-00033850": "So it's just a lot more transparent and so you can't really hide behind the computer in essence, right?", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00076-00033850-00034104": "So we come over here when we click on info and ads", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00077-00034172-00034343": "We can check out", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00078-00034343-00034918": "Your scene as that real site is currently running in your location. They aren't running ads in any other country. Okay", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00079-00034918-00035118": "Let me just refresh this", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00080-00035147-00035466": "There should be ok. This is kind of weird. I", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00081-00035552-00035982": "literally just pulled this one up and just to make sure that they were running ads and it's", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00082-00035999-00036469": "Looking like they're not they're not running ads. So that's not true. Cuz I just was on their page", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00083-00036469-00036650": "Let me just try to click in this again", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00084-00036650-00037183": "So info more ads obviously, this is amazing when you're actually shooting a YouTube video, right?", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00085-00037208-00037650": "Ok guys, that's really weird. That that was not working. Of course when you're filming a YouTube video", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00086-00037784-00037906": "crazy stuff happens", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00087-00037906-00038482": "Right. It literally was working like five minutes before it's probably a little bug on Facebook's and that happens from time to time", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00088-00038482-00039066": "It happens in the facebook task manager. I've experienced it a number of times but they usually get it fixed fairly quick", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00089-00039066-00039843": "So let's just try. Let's try another one of these pages like the Joe Taylor group. Let's try this. They're out of Vegas, I believe", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00090-00039902-00040320": "Okay, so if we come over here we click on phone ads. So these are actual real estate agents, right?", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00091-00040391-00040807": "We click on in phone ads. There are no ads showed. This page is currently running no ads", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00092-00040838-00041385": "Okay, let's find one that actually is running ads. Okay, we're gonna find one. We're gonna we're gonna stick it out", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00093-00041386-00041919": "We're gonna actually find a page that is running ads here. So let's say the Duncan duo real estate", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00094-00041993-00042193": "Okay in phone ads?", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00095-00042215-00042795": "There are no as the show. Well Facebook just does not like me today. Okay, let's just jump in here", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00096-00042847-00043500": "Okay. Will it see? Okay the Jill's this their big in Miami, right? So we'll click on in phone ads", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00097-00043500-00043749": "I would assume they'd be running ads right now. Okay?", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00098-00043825-00044040": "Finally we got this. Okay it was", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00099-00044128-00044553": "Kind of a little bit of a runaround there, but this is what it should look like", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00100-00044555-00044621": "I", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00101-00044621-00045153": "think I honestly think that was a bug because I've never given me that issue before so if you guys look at this a little", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00102-00045153-00045516": "Bit later shouldn't have a problem. But these are the ads that they are running", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00103-00045572-00046219": "And ideally I'd love to go through and show you guys an AdWords actually going out linking to a landing page", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00104-00046219-00046719": "But it looks like they're only running ads to get likes on their Facebook page", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00105-00046719-00047292": "Which if you guys have followed me for some time now, I highly recommend do not do this the biggest waste of money", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00106-00047327-00047527": "But let's see. They've got", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00107-00047669-00048198": "Okay, all of their ads they've got about 8,000 likes which is good it's decent but", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00108-00048263-00048391": "I", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00109-00048391-00048496": "Want to do that guys?", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00110-00048496-00048903": "I would not run that so if you guys go through and still upon a page just like this that's running", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00111-00048962-00049306": "Just to get more likes on Facebook. Really there's no point", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00112-00049306-00049713": "the reason why is I've got over 30,000 people that follow me on Facebook and", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00113-00049813-00050328": "When I go through and making an organic post if nobody like likes and comments and shares and all that stuff", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00114-00050336-00050628": "I'm only gonna get maybe a hundred people to see that", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00115-00050633-00051147": "So there's no real point of you spending money to go get more likes", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00116-00051170-00051435": "On your Facebook page and get more followers", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00117-00051484-00052023": "because if you spend that money to go boost the post that you want to other people to see", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00118-00052049-00052407": "That's money just a lot better spent because you're getting more exposure", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00119-00052432-00052890": "Right and you're gonna be able to get people to a landing page. So let me just be able to go through", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00120-00052891-00053569": "Let me just find one that is actually running some ads that I think would be worth looking at king", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00121-00053629-00054060": "So let's see real estate investment Network. This is obviously real estate investments. So it's a little bit different", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00122-00054101-00054304": "Let's just check out here the in phone ads", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00123-00054362-00054533": "select a country", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00124-00054533-00054653": "Canada", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00125-00054653-00055036": "Okay, so it looks like they are running ads in Canada. Okay", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00126-00055036-00055239": "So like right here is let's see Tuesday", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00127-00055255-00055473": "Looks like they're running an ad for an event", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00128-00055480-00055857": "So you can kind of check this out for an event and then you could say hey interested", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00129-00055928-00056382": "And and this is so like the event September 5th and six right here", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00130-00056383-00056596": "And if you click on get tickets", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00131-00056627-00057319": "You can see what page they're actually taking you to so the performance clinic register now you can kind of check out the way they're", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00132-00057319-00057413": "doing things", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00133-00057413-00057560": "so", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00134-00057560-00057937": "Let's see get tickets. So they're they're really an event based business", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00135-00057937-00058167": "So if you have a business that you want to go through and throw event", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00136-00058196-00058810": "This is something you want to find other businesses that do similar types of things and then maybe model them, right?", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00137-00058862-00059253": "Now I actually have never heard of these guys. So I don't know how successful they are", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00138-00059254-00059565": "I don't know if those ads actually work. So I'm not promising you anything", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00139-00059570-00059803": "I want to I usually want to find someone who's already", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00140-00059830-00060387": "Successful and go check out what they are doing so case so let's check out. Let's go to Jordan", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00141-00060388-00060964": "Dennis says real estate professional right here. We can check this out see in phone ad see what as he's running", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00142-00061037-00061596": "Usually when they've got bigger followings guys that they more likely to have ads running sometimes some of smaller pages", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00143-00061654-00062277": "they might not have adjoining all the time like bigger pages are usually gonna have ads running most of the time so you can see", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00144-00062354-00062554": "this is very similar to", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00145-00062570-00062741": "the listing leads", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00146-00062741-00062986": "Model that I use I show I've shown you guys before", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00147-00063023-00063516": "Okay, so they've got right here for sale being offered at this price and he's got several pictures", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00148-00063548-00063862": "He's not actually linking out to a landing page, which is interesting", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00149-00063929-00064498": "So he says ok, call me or message me directly for more information. So that's the way he's going about doing this", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00150-00064583-00064806": "same thing here and then", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00151-00064862-00065157": "Okay do check out this rad House out. You send a message", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00152-00065158-00065481": "So if you click on this looks like it's probably gonna send him a message", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00153-00065543-00066063": "Okay, dude, check this rad house. And so obviously the idea is to go get to you to go through and message him", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00154-00066064-00066439": "Which you know, I've seen that work fairly well, but lots of times too", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00155-00066439-00066772": "It's a little bit more expensive that people are not logged in to message", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00156-00066863-00067246": "Just what I've seen in my experience, so I don't always love doing that", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00157-00067286-00067809": "But anyway guys, I just wanted to be able to go through and show you as you guys know, we had some", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00158-00067910-00068533": "Technical errors or something. I don't know something going on with Facebook, but normally it does not do that that's never happened to me before", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00159-00068591-00068702": "But go ahead", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00160-00068702-00068872": "Check out your competitor", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00161-00068872-00069373": "See, what ads they're running kind of check out the model like the ones we saw that our event based", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00162-00069373-00069673": "This guy is the straight-up real estate agent. He's not sent him to a landing page", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00163-00069673-00070270": "He's having a call or message him directly which you know, you can test that out as well. See how that works for your business", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00164-00070343-00070981": "if you know someone's running webinars, if someone's running to landing pages or whatever it is, you can check out what they're doing and", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00165-00071099-00071299": "See the exact message", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00166-00071339-00071758": "Call-to-action and just kind of like test out a variety of different things for your business", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00167-00071758-00072153": "So with that said guys if you guys enjoyed this video, I'm sorry. I", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00168-00072242-00072640": "Guess it's the you know, three weeks off. I got to get back in the game", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00169-00072640-00072975": "I got to get better with these videos and get a more crisp and clean for you guys", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00170-00072995-00073434": "But hopefully guys this was helpful. If you guys found it helpful. Go ahead. Give it a thumbs up", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00171-00073454-00073615": "Also hit that subscribe button", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00172-00073615-00074280": "If you guys are brand new to the channel and hit that notification bell cuz you will be notified every single time", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00173-00074281-00074707": "We launch new videos, which it will be more consistent now that I'm back from surgery", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00174-00074707-00074979": "I'm still like I'm guys I'm in this knee brace", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00175-00074987-00075372": "it's from my hip down to my ankle still I've gotta wear for six weeks, which is", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00176-00075419-00075721": "kind of annoying especially to sleep in but I mean", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00177-00075721-00076017": "I'm pretty much hooked up to an ice machine all day long every single day", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00178-00076018-00076588": "I've got it shot right now, but that's usually my the story of my life right now. So it's fun", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00179-00076588-00077049": "but anyway guys to subscribe hit that notification bell hit that thumbs up and also", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00180-00077057-00077547": "comment down below if there's any other things that you would like to learn about Facebook as well real estate marketing about", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00181-00077576-00077940": "about whatever, you know, obviously if I don't know what I'm not going to share it but", "i1gZQF2lJ8c-00182-00078005-00078415": "With that said guys. Thanks so much for watching and I will see you guys all another time"}}, {"audio_id": "i1oKk2HG0sy", "text": {"i1oKk2HG0sy-00000-00000234-00000807": "Yo Yehudi: Okay, welcome to the final pre graduation cohort call", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00001-00000855-00001278": "of OLS6, I can't believe we've reached it. I'm delighted to", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00002-00001278-00001677": "have you here today, we're going to be talking about next steps", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00003-00001677-00002148": "and Open Science. And I'm going to go through a few housekeeping", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00004-00002148-00002607": "reminders before we kick off. The first one is, please just to", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00005-00002607-00003030": "try and keep your camera on mute to not camera, your microphone", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00006-00003030-00003375": "on mute to prevent background noise coming through. This", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00007-00003375-00003834": "doesn't mean don't speak, it just means that that if you have", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00008-00003921-00004215": "construction workers outdoors, or maybe your friendly", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00009-00004215-00004545": "neighborhood chicken is decided it is time to tell everyone", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00010-00004575-00004794": "about its existence, then it doesn't help on to the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00011-00004794-00005379": "recording. Unmute if you wish to speak that's always welcome. And", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00012-00005382-00005796": "the next thing let's see, I will use my notepad to remind me,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00013-00005823-00006360": "okay, right we have a Code of Conduct. So on OLS calls and and", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00014-00006360-00006681": "our spaces or if you're representing OLS, we ask that", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00015-00006681-00006903": "you treat one another with respect that you would like to", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00016-00006903-00007293": "receive from other people. And there's always more to it than", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00017-00007293-00007803": "that you can view it at openlifesci.org/code-of-conduct.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00018-00007917-00008307": "Or if you want a link to click go to Line 53 on the Etherpad to", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00019-00008307-00008772": "actually read through that and see more details. If at any", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00020-00008772-00009045": "point you feel like you've either experienced or witnessed", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00021-00009045-00009366": "something that isn't in line with the Code of Conduct, then", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00022-00009369-00009834": "you can report that by emailing team@openlifesci.org That's on", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00023-00009834-00010374": "line 54 that reaches myself, Malvika Berenice and Emmy and", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00024-00010374-00011001": "also Paz or if it is something that one of us has done, or", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00025-00011001-00011256": "you'd feel more comfortable approaching someone individually", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00026-00011256-00011568": "rather than the team, you can email any of us individually,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00027-00011568-00011952": "our email addresses are bernice, malvika, Emmy, Yo or Paz at", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00028-00011955-00012312": "@openlifesci.org. And the info for that is on line 55 of the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00029-00012312-00012921": "EtherPad. Otter AI so when you joined the call, you will have", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00030-00012921-00013233": "noticed it said we were live streaming up on the top left of", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00031-00013233-00013557": "the call you can see where it says otter AI, click here to", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00032-00013557-00013884": "open like live transcript or at least that's how I see it on my", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00033-00013884-00014166": "desktop, it might be slightly different on phones and tablets.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00034-00014235-00014544": "But if you click on that, you can click on View the stream.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00035-00014586-00014868": "And that actually is automatically transcribing the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00036-00014868-00015222": "words that anyone in the main room here where we are, is", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00037-00015222-00015588": "speaking, it sometimes struggles a little bit with different", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00038-00015588-00016116": "accents, or with specifically technical scientific words. So", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00039-00016116-00016416": "it's not always 100% correct. But it means that if you're", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00040-00016416-00016770": "having trouble following along, for language reasons, for", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00041-00016770-00017193": "concentration reasons, for hard of hearing or any other reason", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00042-00017226-00017463": "that it helps you follow along a little bit better with the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00043-00017463-00017802": "transcripts. And we actually correct these transcripts when", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00044-00017802-00018075": "we upload this to YouTube so that it's fixes some of the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00045-00018075-00018438": "mistakes that it's making when it's when it's doing it", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00046-00018438-00018960": "automatically in real time. I'm running out of air and I think", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00047-00018960-00019548": "I've said all of the kickoff things for now, so with this", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00048-00019548-00019881": "Paz, I think you're gonna kick off the reflection exercise.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00049-00019881-00019956": "Does that sound right?", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00050-00020044-00020815": "paz bernaldo: Yes. Okay, so the idea is to do some silent", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00051-00020827-00021787": "reflection in any line whe are on line 70 or 67. And the thing", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00052-00021787-00022117": "is that if you can can make one element of research", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00053-00022117-00022813": "dissemination easier or different or different and", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00054-00022813-00023296": "easier. What would it be and why? It's not an easy question.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00055-00023299-00024040": "Not for me at least. This could relate to your project or not.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00056-00024223-00024619": "And even if it relates to your project share what difference it", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00057-00024619-00025324": "would make. So how are we have done and how much we have for", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00058-00025324-00025417": "this, 10 minutes?", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00059-00025666-00025732": "Yo Yehudi: 10 is great.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00060-00025793-00026519": "paz bernaldo: Yeah. All right. So yes, so we're back from the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00061-00026522-00026977": "exercise and I'm going to read some of the answers or review", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00062-00026977-00027827": "them. So one, one of the issue was making the publication", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00063-00027827-00028562": "process easier  and more functional. I guess that is that", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00064-00028562-00029339": "is a big one. And Houdini said helping people understand the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00065-00029339-00029792": "nuances of techniques. Why? Because sometimes people don't", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00066-00029792-00030131": "understand the effort required for making progress in science.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00067-00030202-00030737": "Yep. And I had added something about it, publishing maybe in", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00068-00030737-00031157": "different formats, not only papers, like maybe videos or", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00069-00031160-00031702": "audio or for the outreach and communication purposes. And then", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00070-00031702-00031949": "Yo said, I'd like to see scientists and researchers", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00071-00031949-00032351": "recognising that papers  as a measure of scientific", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00072-00032351-00033080": "productivity isn't a very scientific measure. And Marco", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00073-00033080-00033455": "said connected to Yo and Losia to make the publication process", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00074-00033455-00033962": "more functional. Losia has said that open and live peer review", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00075-00033974-00034286": "so we don't need to wait months and years to get publications", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00076-00034286-00034889": "reviewed, and accepted. Aman said make publish research more", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00077-00034889-00035231": "accessible and not behind paywalls of monopolized", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00078-00035234-00035537": "structures, paywalls only increase the disparity in", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00079-00035537-00036260": "research. Yes, and Selle Selle, I don't know how I pronounce", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00080-00036260-00036731": "your name. You'll tell me. PIs and supervisors should not only", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00081-00036731-00037070": "be selected for the competencies in science, but also for their", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00082-00037070-00037712": "competencies in actual supervising. Yes, and Bethan.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00083-00037724-00038042": "Also I'm not sure if I pronounced it you can correct me", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00084-00038042-00038348": "later and more recognition for the importance of outreach and", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00085-00038351-00038822": "widening participation work. A lot of very good answers.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00086-00039131-00039452": "Malvika, do you want to mention the one you you added?", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00087-00039796-00040195": "Malvika Sharan: Yeah, so I think a lot of time in Open Life", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00088-00040195-00040567": "Science or the Turing Way, we meet a lot of great people. And", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00089-00040567-00040858": "we have lots of great discussions. And we leave the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00090-00040858-00041155": "meeting saying, oh, we should write about that and publish", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00091-00041155-00041434": "somewhere. And that never happens. And I feel very", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00092-00041434-00041860": "horrible, because those are really great notes. If it's out", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00093-00041863-00042130": "a lot more people will have access to the conversation we", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00094-00042130-00042799": "are sitting in. And my biggest outcome would be that more", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00095-00042799-00043258": "people will have evidences to show when they say something as", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00096-00043258-00043564": "saying that, Oh, it's not just my feeling or opinion, look at", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00097-00043564-00043849": "like, you know, eight people had this conversation and they", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00098-00043849-00044323": "thought the same. I think I want to learn a bit more from the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00099-00044323-00044698": "policy who create wonderful report with less words and a lot", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00100-00044698-00045154": "of data. Another thing that Paz say, which is also very true", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00101-00045154-00045439": "that often I'm thinking about, oh, we should publish this in", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00102-00045439-00045748": "English. But then there's a group of people who are trying", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00103-00045748-00046168": "to translate those complicated documents. So how can we reduce", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00104-00046168-00046432": "the burden of someone translating by having them in", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00105-00046432-00046804": "the conversation? So the documents develop together in a", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00106-00046804-00047215": "way is useful? And often I feel that localization isn't getting", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00107-00047221-00047593": "as much attention and funding in Open Science. So that's", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00108-00047593-00047782": "something that I'd love to see.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00109-00048027-00048639": "paz bernaldo: Yeah, I'm not needed right now. Um, so am I", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00110-00048639-00049173": "missing Nina said Did I mentioned that one? No more", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00111-00049173-00049554": "freedom selecting journals where I can publish. And this is still", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00112-00049554-00049884": "decided by my supervisors, really? I didn't know. I'm not", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00113-00049884-00050256": "in academia, by the way, that's why. And when to publish make", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00114-00050256-00050745": "data publicly available in the repository, not only after our", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00115-00050745-00051486": "manuscript is submitted. Yeah. All right. I like to read all of", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00116-00051486-00052221": "them or allow you to comment on that. I guess we need to move to", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00117-00052221-00053139": "the next session, right. Yes. All right. So we have Cavin.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00118-00053366-00053741": "Cavin: Hi, thank you. Thank you, thank you Paz. So now in this", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00119-00053741-00054312": "session, we, we are going to talk about data management, or", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00120-00054312-00054798": "how to make Open Science bear in practice. So our guest speaker", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00121-00054846-00055350": "for this session is Bethan from Framework for Open and", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00122-00055350-00055880": "Reproducible Research Training. So Bethan, the floor is yours.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00123-00055800-00057603": "Bethan Iley: Can you hear me okay? Yep, perfect. Cool.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00124-00057605-00057687": "Cavin: Yes its okay.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00125-00057753-00058166": "Bethan Iley: Yeah. So yeah, thank you for having me. Thank", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00126-00058166-00058239": "you so much.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00127-00058316-00058359": "Cavin: You're welcome", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00128-00058429-00058696": "Bethan Iley: So today, I'm going to be giving a quick run through", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00129-00058696-00059086": "of how to actually apply the fair principles to your data", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00130-00059086-00059371": "management. I know you've had some really brilliant talks", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00131-00059374-00059679": "already in this cohort about the fair principles themselves what", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00132-00059679-00060129": "they are and why they're important. So my approach is", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00133-00060129-00060385": "going to be slightly different. So hopefully you're still learn", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00134-00060385-00060994": "something from me. So yeah, my name is Bethan. I'm a co lead", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00135-00060994-00061591": "for Team neurodiversity at FORRT. And also my real day job", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00136-00061594-00061866": "is that I'm a PhD student in social psychology at Queen's", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00137-00061866-00062263": "University Belfast, which is in Northern Ireland. And the thing", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00138-00062266-00062527": "with FORRT is actually kind of like my passion project. I", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00139-00062529-00062854": "absolutely love it. But I'll hopefully talk a little bit more", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00140-00062854-00063448": "about FORRT in the end. So yeah, the FAIR principles. So the FAIR", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00141-00063448-00063886": "stands for Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and reusable. The", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00142-00063886-00064242": "FAIR principles emphasize implementing these ideas in a", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00143-00064242-00064624": "way that benefits both people, but also machines. And that's", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00144-00064624-00065011": "becoming increasingly more important, there's been a real", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00145-00065050-00065391": "increase, like absolutely massive in data science work,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00146-00065419-00065773": "which means that ideally, your data needs to be scrapable, and", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00147-00065773-00066127": "also machine usable, to be helpful for a lot of modern", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00148-00066130-00066493": "research. And the principles also highlight how this applies", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00149-00066493-00066910": "to data, but also to meta data. So that's the data about your", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00150-00066910-00067285": "data. So as I said, you've already had some brilliant", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00151-00067285-00067681": "talks, so I won't focus so much on why it's important. But", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00152-00067711-00068110": "instead, I'm going to be looking at this kind of breakdown. So", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00153-00068110-00068422": "each of those broad categories have a whole bunch of sub", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00154-00068467-00068953": "points, which look slightly scary. But once you understand", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00155-00068953-00069289": "what they mean, they're actually super easy to use, I'm afraid", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00156-00069289-00069568": "I'm gonna have to be a little bit broad. I'm, I'm not a life", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00157-00069568-00069946": "scientist. I'm a psychologist. But I have provided resources on", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00158-00069946-00070231": "the last slide to help you work out the specifics of how you can", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00159-00070231-00070777": "implement everything. So starting with Findable, first of", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00160-00070777-00071113": "all, is that your data needs to have a unique persistent", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00161-00071113-00071467": "identifier. In practice, that's pretty easy. Most data", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00162-00071467-00071872": "repositories will assign a DOI by default now. And you know,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00163-00071872-00072163": "that's really helpful because it means there's one consistent URL", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00164-00072166-00072730": "linking to your data. Next, the data are clearly described by", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00165-00072730-00073093": "metadata. So as I said, that's data about your data, it", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00166-00073117-00073444": "basically just means everything's clear. You can kind", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00167-00073444-00073822": "of think of it like a paper's title and key words, they help", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00168-00073822-00074140": "people and machines to find your dataset in the fastest possible", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00169-00074140-00074575": "way. And importantly, this needs to link back to that identifier.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00170-00074575-00074785": "So again, that's something that's offered by most", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00171-00074785-00075265": "repositories by default now. You also need to make sure that your", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00172-00075265-00075649": "data are registered in a searchable database. So again,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00173-00075652-00075934": "most data repositories do this by default. Now, they act as a", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00174-00075934-00076249": "searchable database themselves, but they also link into wider", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00175-00076249-00076648": "databases like Google Scholar. So for example, I'm a social", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00176-00076648-00077017": "psychologist, as I said, I use the Open Science Framework for a", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00177-00077017-00077359": "lot of this kind of stuff. And that is in itself searchable.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00178-00077359-00077623": "But it can also link straight back into Google Scholar, and", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00179-00077623-00078154": "people can find my work really easily. Okay, moving on to", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00180-00078154-00078529": "accessible, so your data and metadata should be retrievable", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00181-00078529-00078835": "via the identifier using a standardized communications", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00182-00078835-00079216": "protocol. Kind of, in short, that just means that you need to", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00183-00079216-00079660": "be able to access and download the data through automated", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00184-00079660-00080164": "mechanisms, such as accessing it through an API. And putting it", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00185-00080170-00080422": "even more simply, it just means that people need to actually be", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00186-00080422-00081037": "able to get to your data via the DOI. So yeah, again, you can", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00187-00081040-00081394": "check if the repository you choose has this is really", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00188-00081394-00081748": "important for data science work. So yeah, really quite important", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00189-00081748-00082354": "to have this. Next, the access protocols should be open, free", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00190-00082354-00082717": "and accessible. So for machines, that means no proprietary", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00191-00082717-00082975": "communications protocols, it should use something that's used", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00192-00082975-00083536": "to standard. So yeah, SSH, and things like that. The only", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00193-00083536-00083878": "caveat here is that the authentic authentic", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00194-00083962-00084304": "Authentication, there we go, got that. Authentication and", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00195-00084304-00084706": "authorization should be used when necessary. So you know,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00196-00084706-00084970": "that's really important to protect human participants", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00197-00084973-00085453": "privacy, privacy, for example. But of course, accessibility is", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00198-00085453-00085720": "also really important for people. So you need to also", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00199-00085720-00086047": "think about whether the user interface on your repository of", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00200-00086047-00086455": "choice actually works for a whole wide range of people. So", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00201-00086455-00086800": "that can mean different cognitive styles. It can mean", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00202-00086824-00087118": "different access to resources, it can mean different cultures", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00203-00087118-00087439": "and languages, you know, basic things like does your repository", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00204-00087439-00087895": "have a translation option? And yeah, these are also things that", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00205-00087895-00088213": "you should ideally check before you choose a data repository.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00206-00088216-00088489": "But oftentimes, you can kind of work with what you've got as", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00207-00088489-00089011": "well. Next, the meta data should remain accessible, even if", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00208-00089011-00089326": "something happens to the data themselves. It's just so much", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00209-00089326-00089611": "better to let people know that the data existed at some point", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00210-00089614-00089887": "in time rather than to just let it disappear into the void", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00211-00089887-00090232": "without a trace. If your data are properly indexed in", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00212-00090241-00090583": "databases as per previous point, then there shouldn't be a", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00213-00090583-00090829": "problem because there will be some trace of it somewhere.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00214-00091096-00091579": "Okay, so moving on to Interoperability, the first most", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00215-00091579-00091927": "important thing is to use data and metadata formats, which are", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00216-00091939-00092395": "widely supported. So generally open standard formats are the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00217-00092395-00092776": "best way to go forward, since they have the best support", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00218-00092788-00093160": "across places, you know, they're free to use. So there's no", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00219-00093160-00093544": "barrier to entry. But also across time, open standards", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00220-00093550-00093961": "often have really good support going through time. And that", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00221-00093961-00094207": "means that your data won't suddenly become inaccessible in", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00222-00094207-00094411": "10 years time because a company has decided they can't be", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00223-00094411-00094843": "bothered to support something anymore. So for example, I work", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00224-00094843-00095302": "with survey data, and I use CSV files for the data themselves.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00225-00095326-00095749": "And then I'll use markdown for the for a codebook. So kind of", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00226-00095749-00096130": "documentation about the data. And ideally, you want to also", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00227-00096130-00096493": "use kind of readable format, like JSON files for the rest of", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00228-00096493-00096850": "data. But again, you need to remember that this also applies", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00229-00096850-00097132": "to a repository and how people access it, it's really easy to", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00230-00097132-00097432": "get caught up on the machine, kind of side of it, remember", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00231-00097432-00097927": "people too, so your your repository also needs to be", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00232-00097927-00098212": "accessible with a whole range of scraping algorithms, for", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00233-00098212-00098617": "example, but also with different people's operating systems and", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00234-00098617-00098917": "browsers. You know, if you've got a repository that isn't", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00235-00098917-00099322": "accessible on a major browser, then that in itself is an", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00236-00099322-00100054": "interoperability issue. Shared terminology that follows FAIR", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00237-00100054-00100408": "principles. So that just basically means rely on an", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00238-00100408-00100783": "openly accessible community standard for language. So, you", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00239-00100783-00101170": "know, a way that we've agreed to describe data and describe", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00240-00101170-00101482": "information about the data. And that just means that your data", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00241-00101482-00101749": "are understood by different people, because they've got a", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00242-00101749-00102091": "reference material, but also by machines, you know, so the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00243-00102091-00102319": "algorithms can work out what they're actually meant to do", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00244-00102322-00102919": "with the data. And then there's a bit of a scary point, or is", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00245-00102919-00103222": "scary sounding, which is qualified references to other", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00246-00103222-00103507": "data or metadata. But it literally just means to cite", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00247-00103507-00103903": "things when needed. So forming links between different datasets", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00248-00103903-00104167": "that are connected, lets you have basically a paper trail of", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00249-00104167-00104419": "everything that you've been done. So if you've got multiple", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00250-00104419-00104701": "datasets that are part of the same project, if you can find a", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00251-00104701-00104941": "way to link them in the metadata, then it means that", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00252-00104944-00105244": "they're very easily accessible through again, those scraping", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00253-00105244-00105633": "algorithms, and also people that want to find other related data.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00254-00105889-00106378": "And then finally, Reusability. So this is really, really", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00255-00106378-00106705": "important, especially given the kind of replication crisis. And,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00256-00106747-00106963": "you know, we've been having all sorts of problems, especially in", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00257-00106963-00107235": "psychology, but I'm aware that life sciences have been having", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00258-00107235-00107736": "these problems too. So, in order to make sure that your data are", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00259-00107740-00108043": "reusable, most importantly, you need to make sure that they're", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00260-00108043-00108435": "clearly described with a whole range of relevant attributes. So", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00261-00108435-00108781": "that means including a range of key words and other relevant", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00262-00108781-00109161": "information in the metadata that, again, helps algorithms to", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00263-00109161-00109549": "work out how to replicate your analysis. But also it helps to", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00264-00109584-00109876": "people and one of the other best ways that you can do that is to", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00265-00109876-00110184": "just make sure your data are properly documented. So is it", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00266-00110184-00110443": "really easy to forget, or to just put off doing", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00267-00110443-00110698": "documentation, but it is genuinely so important. And I", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00268-00110698-00110950": "mentioned before about our codebook, that's literally just", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00269-00110950-00111183": "a document that lists out all of your variables and what they", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00270-00111183-00111523": "are. And that can just be such a blessing for somebody that wants", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00271-00111523-00111933": "to reuse your data and to repeat your analysis. So super, super", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00272-00111933-00112576": "important. Next, licensing appropriately, I think you've", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00273-00112576-00112954": "had a whole talk about this. So I'm not going to go into details", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00274-00112954-00113215": "with this. But it really is important to understand the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00275-00113215-00113583": "license and choose something that lets people legally and", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00276-00113583-00114280": "ethically reuse it. So the next point is detailed provenance.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00277-00114283-00114589": "Again, something that sounds really scary, but it literally", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00278-00114589-00114943": "just means make the context clear. So you know, I've been", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00279-00114943-00115192": "talking a lot about data and metadata, but it's just as", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00280-00115192-00115582": "important to make your whole workflow, you know, people need", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00281-00115582-00116140": "to understand how to use it. So make the workflow fair to link", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00282-00116140-00116494": "the workflow to the data set. All of these things mean that", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00283-00116494-00116851": "people can work out where the data came from, what data", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00284-00116851-00117157": "analysis has been conducted on it. And then you know, it's also", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00285-00117157-00117328": "really helpful to have information about the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00286-00117328-00117598": "environment that the analysis we're running so that people can", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00287-00117598-00118219": "replicate it. And then finally, follow community standards. This", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00288-00118222-00118492": "varies across disciplines. So I can't give you any tailored", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00289-00118492-00118816": "advice on this. But there are platforms to help you find those", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00290-00118816-00119143": "standards. And I've actually linked one in a resources slide", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00291-00119143-00119593": "at the end of the presentation. So something I just want to", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00292-00119596-00119914": "quickly highlight here is that FAIR Data and Open Data are not", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00293-00119926-00120340": "necessarily same thing. Closed data can be fair if it's", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00294-00120343-00120673": "searchable, for example, in a database with limited access,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00295-00120708-00121048": "and Open Data can be not fair. So I mean, I've seen so many", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00296-00121048-00121408": "just messy undocumented and completely unscrapable", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00297-00121408-00121678": "repositories in my time. And I'm fairly sure you've probably come", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00298-00121678-00121959": "across a few. So when you see a data set, and you're like, What", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00299-00121959-00122380": "is this. So there they are separate things, but best", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00300-00122380-00122653": "practice is that they go together. So you know, making", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00301-00122653-00122961": "sure your data are fair and also open means that people can find", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00302-00122961-00123325": "them, use them and actually replicate what they need to", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00303-00123472-00123781": "do.So I'm aware I'm running a little bit, well, over time", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00304-00123781-00124008": "already. So I'm just going to quickly power through this part.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00305-00124048-00124327": "So barriers and benefits, everything in Open Science comes", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00306-00124327-00124809": "with barriers, but also benefits to doing it. So the main barrier", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00307-00124809-00125206": "is probably that this just seems like extra work. Like, you know,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00308-00125206-00125725": "this effort. Fair, completely true. But it's manageable. So", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00309-00125725-00125926": "the best thing that you can do at the beginning of your", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00310-00125926-00126178": "research is to create a data management plan before you", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00311-00126178-00126445": "start. And this is something that you can update as you go", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00312-00126445-00126814": "along. It means that you're doing a bit more work in the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00313-00126814-00127114": "beginning, but your whole workflow basically ends up with", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00314-00127114-00127441": "a step by step guide. So you can just power through what you need", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00315-00127441-00127801": "to do. And it's it makes life so much easier. And institutional", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00316-00127801-00128047": "support for these are really improving. So for example, my", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00317-00128047-00128389": "library has got an amazing data management and support team", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00318-00128389-00128755": "going on now. And if you've got something similar, amazing, if", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00319-00128755-00129142": "not, there's loads of really accessible resources around. So", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00320-00129145-00129676": "yeah, definitely easy to work on this in the end. Also, another", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00321-00129676-00129946": "massive barrier is that there's just too many choices. I said", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00322-00129946-00130168": "before, there's so much variation across sub", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00323-00130168-00130522": "disciplines. And it can be really hard to work out what one", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00324-00130522-00130969": "is right for you. But thankfully, standards are also", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00325-00130969-00131188": "starting to become super easy to find. So there's actually", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00326-00131188-00131503": "platforms where you can search for standards, depending on sub", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00327-00131503-00131833": "discipline, which is amazing. And, again, I've linked one in", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00328-00131833-00132373": "the resources at the end of the slides. And then benefits. So", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00329-00132400-00132715": "first of all, obvious one, it makes science more reproducible", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00330-00132715-00133153": "and more accessible. This especially benefits people who", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00331-00133153-00133465": "might not have had those kinds of accesses, sorry, those kinds", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00332-00133465-00133735": "of resources before, so for example, researchers in the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00333-00133735-00134035": "Global South, you know, being able to reuse somebody's data", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00334-00134041-00134377": "data can make such a big difference to somebody's career,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00335-00134398-00134617": "if they don't have access to resources to collect data", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00336-00134617-00134890": "themselves, or if they're early in their career and don't have", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00337-00134890-00135229": "resources, or if, for example, they've got some kind of", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00338-00135307-00135568": "disability barrier, that means that they're not physically able", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00339-00135568-00136072": "to go and collect resources, collect data, sorry. Also, it", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00340-00136072-00136348": "means less wasted grant money, there's been a European", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00341-00136351-00136699": "Commission report that says that even just in the EU, there's", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00342-00136699-00137326": "like,  10.6 billion euros of grant money just wasted on", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00343-00137326-00137653": "things like collecting data that could have just been made freely", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00344-00137653-00138058": "available and reanalysis run on, you know, we're spending a lot", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00345-00138058-00138409": "of time and money collecting new datasets, we just sometimes we", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00346-00138409-00138808": "don't need to. And having FAIR open data means that we can save", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00347-00138808-00139369": "that grant money, but also save people's time. And also, sizable", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00348-00139369-00139765": "data can be a career boost. So if you make your data", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00349-00139786-00140287": "accessible, open, and also easy to find and easy to use, then it", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00350-00140287-00140560": "means that people are going to be citing you if they reuse that", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00351-00140560-00140830": "data. And chances are if you've made it easy to find them, they", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00352-00140830-00141220": "will. So with the correct license, anybody who uses your", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00353-00141220-00141730": "data will cite it. So why not? Do it, you know, if it's gonna", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00354-00141730-00141910": "benefit you, especially if you're an early career", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00355-00141910-00142456": "researcher, it's worth it. So yeah, that's it. The key points,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00356-00142456-00142774": "I want you to take home right and FAIR Data management plan.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00357-00142816-00143128": "Secondly, apply fair to your whole workflow, not just the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00358-00143128-00143587": "data, but also the meta data and the analysis as well. Consider a", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00359-00143587-00143869": "diverse range of people and machines when you're thinking", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00360-00143869-00144244": "about these things, check your research community standards.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00361-00144259-00144730": "And it's also completely fine to use tools to support you. So if", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00362-00144733-00145201": "there are tools available, use them. So here is an example of a", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00363-00145201-00145558": "few tools. So there are self assessment tools. There's", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00364-00145558-00145876": "educational resources, there's guidance on how to actually", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00365-00145876-00146461": "implement the five principles. And there's a few references as", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00366-00146461-00146851": "well. I will make the slides available. And then yeah, so", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00367-00146851-00147262": "that's everything from me. So thank you. You're welcome to", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00368-00147262-00147505": "come and join FORRT. We're putting together educational", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00369-00147505-00147928": "resources about a whole range of open scholarship topics. Yeah,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00370-00147982-00148174": "that's me. Thank you", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00371-00149074-00149257": "Cavin: Thank you, thank you Bethan thank you for that", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00372-00149257-00149785": "presentation. This is this is a very important area to me", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00373-00149788-00150157": "yesterday had a had a talk at meeting with with Pauline,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00374-00150160-00150802": "Pauline is also a member of open Open Life Science. So she was", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00375-00150802-00151417": "asking if she can be given our be granted an access to metadata", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00376-00151417-00151867": "that we are collecting. And at that point, we realize that that", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00377-00152038-00152485": "it's not very easy. I mean, it's not very easy to be given or", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00378-00152485-00152890": "granted access to metadata and a lot of metadata are collected", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00379-00152935-00153343": "that are not at the end of it are not being used. So there may", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00380-00153343-00153982": "be done somewhere, because for our study, what, and then the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00381-00153982-00154426": "end we will be more focused on the PCR, the PCR results than", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00382-00154489-00154780": "then the metadata that we collected from the field. So,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00383-00154876-00155356": "how much? So my question is this now, how much of the data that", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00384-00155356-00155812": "we collect from the field should be made open to others? Is it a", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00385-00155812-00156283": "question of trust? Because not so many research teams will", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00386-00156283-00156781": "grant you access to those kinds of data? So is it a question of", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00387-00156781-00157132": "trust? Or? And what can be done about this?", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00388-00157331-00157637": "Bethan Iley: Yeah, I mean, here's a really good question,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00389-00157640-00158270": "to be honest. I guess in terms of how much data should we make", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00390-00158270-00158720": "available, it's it depends on fields, right. So I mean, I know", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00391-00158720-00159008": "psychology, I can only speak for psychology, there's certain", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00392-00159008-00159314": "types of data in psychology that we just cannot make available.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00393-00159314-00159782": "So for example, people's mental health records, or in depth", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00394-00159782-00160310": "interviews about topics that could be offensive, or could", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00395-00160313-00160706": "potentially put somebody at risk, or just unpleasant to", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00396-00160706-00161222": "share. I'd mentioned very briefly the care principles, I", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00397-00161222-00161462": "didn't really get the chance to go into them. But one of the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00398-00161462-00161879": "things in the care principles is ethics. So making sure that you", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00399-00161879-00162167": "really think about the ethics of your data and your data", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00400-00162167-00162569": "management, before you do it, and also was an ongoing process", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00401-00162569-00163406": "while you're doing it. So yeah, I think that's something really", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00402-00163406-00164075": "important to consider. In terms of making metadata public, I", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00403-00164075-00164570": "feel like, to some extent, that should be default, really,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00404-00164570-00165101": "because otherwise, how I I think there needs to be a rethinking", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00405-00165101-00165467": "about it. Like data, we spend a lot of time collecting data, at", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00406-00165467-00165905": "least in the majority of fields. So it's, it's something we", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00407-00165908-00166346": "really, we need to rethink as a research output in itself. And", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00408-00166352-00166814": "even if you can't share the data, sharing metadata, it lets", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00409-00166814-00167093": "people know that you are doing something, it shows that you're", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00410-00167144-00167390": "developing skills. And again, for early career researchers,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00411-00167390-00167714": "that can be such a big thing, it can be part of a portfolio of", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00412-00167714-00168395": "work that you're doing. So yeah, I guess, summary of that is,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00413-00168422-00168773": "data can't always be shared, which is fair, but metadata", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00414-00168773-00169202": "should definitely be fair and open. And there's good, ethical,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00415-00169202-00169499": "but also personal reasons to do that.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00416-00169400-00170468": "Yo Yehudi: I'm gonna sneakily just interject here, Bethan .", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00417-00170468-00170717": "And I really, I was pleased that you raised the point that", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00418-00170717-00170987": "actually we can often share metadata, even when we can't", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00419-00170987-00171317": "share the data, because I've been thinking the same just", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00420-00171317-00171674": "before you said it. And specifically, some examples that", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00421-00171674-00172091": "come to mind is things like a clinical trial. And there's no", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00422-00172091-00172409": "way that we should be sharing someone's, you know, personal", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00423-00172409-00172886": "medical history. But, you know, not not generally, but you might", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00424-00172886-00173276": "want to share it given appropriate need. But if someone", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00425-00173276-00173744": "doesn't know what the study was, they can't ask to see it. So if", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00426-00173744-00174101": "you share, if you say, my data actually includes, this is the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00427-00174101-00174446": "protocol that I use to gather it. And these are the fields of", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00428-00174446-00174800": "the data that actually were what we collected, then you're not", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00429-00174800-00175112": "revealing anything secret whatsoever, but people can see", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00430-00175112-00175448": "it and say, Hi, can I please access this? And here's what I'm", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00431-00175448-00175874": "going to do with it. And so it's, yeah, I think I think,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00432-00175874-00176360": "Cavin, because you described it almost as like, that maybe I can", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00433-00176360-00176576": "share the data or maybe not, but no one wants to give me the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00434-00176576-00176981": "metadata. And I think the way Bethan was saying is flip it and", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00435-00176981-00177293": "share the metadata no matter what, and then maybe depending", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00436-00177293-00177581": "on the scenario, you can also share the data. Anyway, I'm", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00437-00177581-00177707": "done. Back to you, Cavin.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00438-00178025-00178862": "Cavin: Okay, so if anybody has a question from Bethan. Two", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00439-00178862-00179144": "questions for the sake of time.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00440-00179675-00180134": "paz bernaldo: I have one but I'm waiting for someone else to in", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00441-00180134-00181208": "case, you know? Sorry about my voice is terrible. Okay, so I", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00442-00181208-00182048": "have one. And Yo also had some I think, but, I am. Yeah, maybe", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00443-00182048-00182687": "this is a bit general or Yeah. But what is the state of in in", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00444-00182687-00183221": "the psychology field? Or? Yeah? Are people talking enough about", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00445-00183221-00183812": "repr reproducibility? How is Open Science in Psychology like", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00446-00183830-00184175": "going on? Like, what's what's going on with that whole kind of", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00447-00184337-00184412": "field?", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00448-00184448-00185063": "Bethan Iley: Yeah. So for us, there was a kind of key paper,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00449-00185063-00185669": "which drove the replication crisis, which was trying to show", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00450-00185675-00185990": "that people have pre cognition so they can predict the future.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00451-00186047-00186578": "And I think this came out in like, I want to say around 2011.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00452-00186581-00186986": "But yeah, basically, they tried to show across six studies that", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00453-00186986-00187304": "people can predict the future they found it was, you know,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00454-00187346-00187916": "p-value of less than point 05. And a lot of people started", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00455-00187916-00188219": "thinking like, hang on a second, this doesn't really make sense", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00456-00188219-00188735": "with what we know about physics. Yeah, started digging into the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00457-00188735-00189218": "analysis and found that it was just completely P hacked. So", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00458-00189221-00189770": "since then, we've had a crisis, definitely in psychology,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00459-00189803-00190094": "definitely in my field. So I'm in social psychology. And we've", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00460-00190100-00190601": "basically found like, a whole number of our supposedly robust", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00461-00190601-00190943": "effects were actually statistical artifacts, which is", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00462-00190943-00191471": "really sad. But we've also been, I think, it's fair to say maybe", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00463-00191555-00191960": "one of the fields that are really pushing Open Science. So", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00464-00191963-00192434": "you know, we've got massive, like big team science projects,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00465-00192434-00192899": "like there's a psychological I feel so bad, I've forgotten what", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00466-00192899-00193262": "the what the name of it now, accelerator, psychological", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00467-00193262-00193694": "science accelerator. So, yeah, massive projects that are trying", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00468-00193694-00194072": "to kind of pick apart issues in the field. So they're doing a", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00469-00194072-00194408": "bit of math science, but also doing massive replications that", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00470-00194408-00194846": "are across cultures and across lab groups, with like, 1000s of", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00471-00194849-00195338": "participants. And I think a fair number of recommendations have", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00472-00195338-00195797": "also come, at least partially from projects that psychologists", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00473-00195797-00196373": "were involved in. So yeah, basically, not great. Not", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00474-00196373-00196439": "terrible.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00475-00196970-00197315": "paz bernaldo: More than I would have imagined, maybe, yeah, more", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00476-00197315-00197927": "movement. Nice. Thank you. Someone else? Yo want to add", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00477-00197927-00198266": "something from when you added in the Pad or no?", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00478-00198311-00198806": "Yo Yehudi: Yeah, just the one question, because I kind of", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00479-00198806-00199163": "worry that someone watches presentations about FAIR.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00480-00199298-00199769": "They're like, wow, this is hard. Why should I bother our, you", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00481-00199769-00200285": "know, like, this is gonna be a lot of work. And sometimes", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00482-00200285-00200591": "there's very real, practical reasons why it's hard to do. And", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00483-00200591-00200906": "I wonder if you had any tips about what to do? If you were", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00484-00200906-00201182": "looking at something like this would take me three years to", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00485-00201182-00201443": "implement? Why am I screwed?", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00486-00201704-00202163": "Bethan Iley: Yeah, I think probably my best piece of advice", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00487-00202163-00202580": "with Open Science generally is try not to be a perfectionist,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00488-00202640-00202982": "if you're doing something that is better than doing nothing. So", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00489-00202985-00203384": "even if you can just do a little tiny thing, like you can only", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00490-00203384-00203912": "implement one of the sub points in the FAIR list. That's better", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00491-00203912-00204335": "than zero. So, yeah, that would be my advice. Just basically do", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00492-00204335-00204626": "what you can don't feel pressured, you know, things are", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00493-00204641-00205079": "slowly evolving. And it will get easier over time as systems kind", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00494-00205079-00205457": "of adapt to make sure that these parts are all coming together.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00495-00205717-00205775": "Yo Yehudi: Thanks.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00496-00206492-00206852": "paz bernaldo: So, shall we moving for with the next", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00497-00207032-00207146": "speaker, Cavin?", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00498-00207100-00207867": "Cavin: I think we can now. Okay, we are now going, going to the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00499-00207867-00208264": "next session. And this one is now about public engagement,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00500-00208384-00208831": "about open infrastructure, citizen science, and science", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00501-00208831-00209446": "communication. So our speaker for this is Marco Marco from", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00502-00209517-00210085": "BioInformatika so Marco, kindly give us your presentation.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00503-00210234-00210711": "Marco: Hello, everyone. Thanks for inviting me. Once again, I", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00504-00210711-00211836": "will share the screen. Okay, so as Cavin just introduced me, I'm", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00505-00211836-00212226": "Marco, and I'm from the nonprofit organization", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00506-00212253-00212748": "Bioinformatika (bioinform). And here I'm here presenting some of", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00507-00212748-00213381": "our initiatives and what we do in general in our nonprofit. So", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00508-00213381-00213942": "first of all, we are the people who founded this organization.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00509-00213969-00214521": "We are three international PhD students in bioinformatics. And", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00510-00214523-00214839": "what we have in common is that we all grew up in touristic", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00511-00214839-00215319": "places where science in general, but in particular,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00512-00215321-00215871": "bioinformatics are not promoted. And we thought, what could we do", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00513-00215961-00216453": "for the students in order to orient them in this area? To", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00514-00216453-00216786": "give them suggestion in some career paths towards", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00515-00216786-00217338": "bioinformatics, we decided to start with Montenegro as first", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00516-00217344-00218190": "use case. And we, we conducted a survey, we reached out more than", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00517-00218192-00218694": "100 participant on our first survey. And we asked among other", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00518-00218694-00219012": "questions, we asked how often do you have the possibility to hear", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00519-00219012-00219357": "about applications of mathematics, natural and", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00520-00219357-00219780": "computational sciences. And as you can see from this chart is", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00521-00219971-00220467": "the majority of them rarely or never heard about it. But at the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00522-00220467-00221100": "same time, to another question, we, we noticed that 54% of the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00523-00221103-00221505": "students expressed high interest in training school in", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00524-00221505-00222033": "bioinformatics. So what we have here is not lack of interest,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00525-00222033-00222609": "but it's a lack of is a lack of promotion. And we are trying to", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00526-00222714-00223257": "partially at least fill this gap. And, in fact, our mission", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00527-00223260-00223698": "is to provide free educational content, in bioinformatics", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00528-00223698-00224096": "mostly to young students from all sorts or social backgrounds.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00529-00224169-00224814": "And the way we do it is through training events. But also we do", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00530-00224817-00225387": "mentoring. So we do mentor, interested students that wants", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00531-00225387-00225840": "to pursue this career towards mathematics. And right now, we", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00532-00225840-00226362": "are also starting our podcast, which is strictly connected to", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00533-00226365-00226905": "the citizen science and the outreach of the of the citizen.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00534-00227127-00227498": "And first of all, we tried to tackle mainly three different", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00535-00227498-00228135": "target groups, we started with high school students. And right", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00536-00228135-00228789": "now we are trying to adapt our training school to engage also", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00537-00228819-00229167": "get better students, both from biological, biological and", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00538-00229167-00229950": "computer science background. And, but like in order to do", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00539-00229998-00230421": "reach this level, this is just an overview of our first year of", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00540-00230421-00231129": "life, because we we Yeah, the nonprofit lives just since one", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00541-00231129-00231651": "year now. And yeah, our first training event was in January", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00542-00231657-00232098": "last year. And we started with our first pilot training school", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00543-00232104-00232779": "in Montenegro, where we had few students. And after that we, we", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00544-00232779-00233519": "had a number of workshops and stand in, in, in event and in", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00545-00233519-00233969": "science related events, where we could present our initiatives.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00546-00234096-00234663": "Lately, in October this October, we had the opportunity to", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00547-00234756-00235173": "participate, Social Impact Award, which is a context with", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00548-00235179-00235782": "where social entrepreneur, show their ideas, and we got a grant", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00549-00235791-00236294": "and with this money, we could organize our second training", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00550-00236294-00236733": "school, which will be in Montenegro as well, and it will", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00551-00236733-00237153": "be on January. In November we also participated at the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00552-00237156-00237606": "Biohackaton, which is an event organised by Elixit here is an", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00553-00237606-00238314": "European event. And in there we could increase our network and", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00554-00238317-00238677": "improve our content for our training school. So as I said", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00555-00238677-00239064": "the training school will be in January. And recently we have", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00556-00239064-00239481": "the nice new that we also want another grant with whom we will", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00557-00239610-00240000": "organize two new training school, this spring one in", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00558-00240000-00240746": "Macedonia and one in Serbia. But what we tried to what what we do", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00559-00240746-00240954": "actually, in this training school? Well, first of all, we", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00560-00240954-00241448": "try to make our Learn learning fun. So our training school", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00561-00241448-00242130": "should be also engaging and appealing to the students. So", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00562-00242130-00242492": "for for that, for this reason, we decided to set up our mystery", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00563-00242492-00243105": "case. And the students need to use bioinformatics tool to solve", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00564-00243108-00243773": "this case. This is the the example, how we envisage our", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00565-00243777-00244212": "mystery case. And yeah, basically, there's someone that", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00566-00244298-00244752": "after drinking a milkshake ends up in hospital with some", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00567-00244758-00245286": "poisoning symptoms, and the technician extract protein", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00568-00245286-00245844": "sequences and DNA from the, from the assigned cream, and sorry,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00569-00245919-00246567": "from the, from the crime scene, and the milkshake. And every", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00570-00246567-00246954": "day, the students need to find information on this protein and", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00571-00246954-00247401": "the sequence they have been that have been found. And they have", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00572-00247404-00248123": "to finally try to find a cure for the poison and the who", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00573-00248123-00248546": "poisoned this person, they're responsible of the poisoning.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00574-00248628-00249051": "And what we do basically is we set up this five week train", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00575-00249051-00249594": "school where as I said, Every day they have new hints for", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00576-00249594-00250062": "solve to solve the mystery case. And and this is what we do,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00577-00250083-00250392": "mostly during the practical session, which are in the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00578-00250392-00250791": "afternoon, while in the morning, we tend to focus on the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00579-00250794-00251196": "theoretical knowledge. So we provide them with some", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00580-00251198-00251553": "theoretical background about what they are going to do in the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00581-00251553-00252069": "afternoon. For example, this is like the typical five day", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00582-00252069-00252558": "training school format that we organize. And we start usually", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00583-00252558-00252915": "on Monday with some general introduction, mostly focused on", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00584-00252915-00253353": "molecular biology and the Unix operatives operating system. On", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00585-00253353-00253812": "Tuesday, we focus on molecules, sequence analysis, next", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00586-00253812-00254171": "generation sequences and alignment sequence alignment in", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00587-00254171-00254880": "general. On Wednesday, this is a new, a new topic we are covering", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00588-00254883-00255210": "at the beginning, we used to do more phylogenetics, but we", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00589-00255210-00255573": "decided to replace it in general, giving an overview of", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00590-00255573-00255933": "the omics word meaning, genomics, proteomics,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00591-00255933-00256353": "metabolomics. So they know that we have all these huge amounts", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00592-00256353-00256917": "of data that we have to handle. And our main focus is to give", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00593-00256917-00257334": "them just an overview. But we focus also on genomics, in", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00594-00257334-00257841": "particular with some genomic related exercises. Then finally,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00595-00257841-00258225": "on Thursday, we explain protein structure analysis.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00596-00258341-00259088": "The Friday session is usually not, it's not optional, but they", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00597-00259088-00259685": "can choose what, what to what to do. Basically, we provide them a", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00598-00259685-00259919": "survey at the beginning of the training school, so they have to", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00599-00259919-00260336": "decide what to do on Friday, we give them a number of option.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00600-00260366-00260633": "And this is the example of our last training school where we", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00601-00260633-00261161": "did protein ligand interaction, but this can be anything, such", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00602-00261161-00262052": "as basics of machine learning, image analysis, and so on. Other", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00603-00262052-00262559": "than training school, we also try to be present in workshop", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00604-00262559-00263216": "and organize workshop and stands where we basically readapt the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00605-00263216-00263630": "content of our training school for a very, for smaller", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00606-00263633-00264413": "examples, so we can engage people standing. And yeah, this", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00607-00264413-00264749": "is just a few examples of what we usually do during this", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00608-00264749-00265208": "workshops. So learn about protein structure, machine", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00609-00265208-00265733": "learning via machine learning, by classifying X rays images.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00610-00265736-00266252": "And yeah, and we report some, again, the mystery case example", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00611-00266264-00266816": "with some information about the most used databases about", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00612-00266816-00267674": "proteins. So they learn to navigate this databases. Our", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00613-00267737-00268496": "most recent initiative is to build a database. And what we", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00614-00268496-00268859": "are trying to do is try to follow the FAIR principle that", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00615-00268859-00269327": "have been very well explained in the previous talk. So thanks for", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00616-00269327-00269825": "the introduction, and the explanations. So what we are", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00617-00269825-00270239": "trying to build right now is this database that will collect", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00618-00270260-00270653": "all the materials we will use during our training school. And", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00619-00270653-00271037": "in principle, it should be accessible to everyone who is", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00620-00271037-00271712": "willing to get the material and also upload new materials. So,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00621-00271724-00272171": "it will be open source, we are considering to build it on", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00622-00272171-00272597": "GitHub. So it should be accessible to everyone, as well.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00623-00272633-00273203": "And what we what we did so far, especially during the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00624-00273206-00273647": "Biohackathon in November, was to define all the dependencies", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00625-00273650-00274130": "between the topics, we will, we will cover in our training", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00626-00274130-00274757": "school and the learning areas we will cover as well. And we are", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00627-00274757-00275201": "pretty sure that after labeling all the materials with properly", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00628-00275201-00275924": "so we have accessible and well, well, organized materials, labor", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00629-00275927-00276545": "and label materials, we will be able to also suggest potential", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00630-00276545-00277010": "new training school, for example, the way we see the user", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00631-00277079-00277640": "can perform a query search in our database where he can filter", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00632-00277727-00278234": "for specific topics that that are interesting for training", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00633-00278234-00278684": "school for the envisage train school. And automatically, he", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00634-00278684-00279119": "would get back the suggestion for set up a new training", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00635-00279119-00280163": "school. This brings us to the our plans for the future slide", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00636-00280196-00280709": "where we basically right now, other than implementing this,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00637-00280712-00281036": "this new database are we are really willing to increase our", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00638-00281036-00281510": "network and our outreach. And to do that, we aim to grow our", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00639-00281513-00281954": "online outreach and most important create a huge", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00640-00281954-00282404": "community, bigger community of trainers, because right now, we", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00641-00282404-00282749": "are just three people organizing the training school itself, but", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00642-00282749-00283070": "we would like to increase the number of trainers in our", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00643-00283073-00283574": "initiative. And that would lead us to be able to organize", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00644-00283598-00284174": "training school regularly. And, of course, also to eventually", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00645-00284174-00284519": "export this format to other countries. So right now, as I", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00646-00284519-00285110": "said, we started in Montenegro. But we are moving to Italy. And", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00647-00285239-00285788": "we will try to Yeah, to make the format accessible to everyone", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00648-00285824-00286292": "that is willing to to coordinate new events, new training events.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00649-00286466-00286889": "And this is pretty much everything from my side, I hope", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00650-00286892-00287456": "you had a clear overview of what we do. Of course, you can reach", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00651-00287456-00287984": "us and check our initiatives on our social media. And I'm more", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00652-00287984-00288362": "than happy to take any questions you have and to clarify", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00653-00288362-00288779": "everything. And yeah, feel free to reach us at any time. Anyway.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00654-00289598-00290159": "Cavin: Thank you. Thank you very much. Okay, so I have a question", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00655-00290159-00290231": "for you Marco.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00656-00290297-00290333": "Marco: Yeah.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00657-00290396-00291197": "Cavin: Yeah because where I'm from so there's that gap of we", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00658-00291197-00291548": "thought of maybe doing exactly what you're doing in Montenegro,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00659-00291548-00292268": "also, here in Kenya. So, but the challenge is that", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00660-00292526-00292991": "bioinformatics, at some point to be very complex when it comes to", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00661-00292994-00293504": "rolling rolling it out to maybe to undergraduate and also to do", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00662-00293504-00294266": "also, to some extent will be at secondary levels. So how, how do", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00663-00294266-00294773": "you help them? How have you encountered that? I mean, making", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00664-00294773-00295295": "it simpler for I mean for participant trading school level", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00665-00295295-00295592": "to understand the content and also to participate?", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00666-00295739-00296201": "Marco: Yeah, so thanks for the question, Cavin. So then, our", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00667-00296201-00296606": "content, our transport is very flexible. So we tend to adapt it", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00668-00296606-00297113": "to the audience. What we do for high school is mostly to give", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00669-00297116-00297488": "them an orientation. So they have a general overview of the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00670-00297488-00298178": "field. And we we try to make them do some easier exercises.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00671-00298223-00298592": "For example, we use FoldIt where they can play around with", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00672-00298592-00299081": "protein structure, there are some puzzle to solve. And we", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00673-00299081-00299417": "provide them with basically everything they don't do", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00674-00299420-00299906": "programming. They don't do this kind of thing. So we just gave", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00675-00299906-00300509": "them with the USB key with everything inside, running to,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00676-00300518-00300974": "and they just have to run the things we say. And they", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00677-00300977-00301298": "visualize the results. So they have an idea, they also have to", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00678-00301298-00301622": "play around a little but nothing complex. And this is for high", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00679-00301622-00301925": "school because their goal is just to give them an idea of", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00680-00301925-00302303": "what they could potentially study university because we had", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00681-00302303-00302777": "this, we decided to do that, because we never had this", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00682-00302777-00303329": "opportunity in high school. That would have helped me my career a", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00683-00303329-00303857": "lot more. And I mean, I ended up in bioinformatics just after my", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00684-00303857-00304358": "bachelor, because they encountered this, but it was", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00685-00304361-00304913": "almost by chance. And general orientation could be could be", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00686-00304913-00305297": "useful in general. But also, if they don't want to do", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00687-00305297-00305684": "bioinformatics, then that should be clear. But for the bachelor", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00688-00305687-00306470": "students, it depends we if we do that in with students, for for", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00689-00306470-00306893": "example, with a background in computer science, of course, we", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00690-00306893-00307418": "will cover more the molecular biology part. And if we do that,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00691-00307508-00308072": "with biology students, we try to cover the programming part and", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00692-00308075-00308267": "computer science related things.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00693-00308200-00308950": "Cavin: Thank you, Marcos.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00694-00309148-00309361": "Marco: You're welcome So, anyway, if you want the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00695-00309361-00310228": "material, just let us know. It's what we do, so you can have a", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00696-00310228-00310660": "better idea about the complexity of what we of the training", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00697-00310660-00310714": "school? Yeah.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00698-00310804-00311302": "Cavin: Okay, I will reach out to you. Okay, so, you have any", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00699-00311302-00311608": "question for Michael, any other question?", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00700-00311983-00312418": "paz bernaldo: There are, there's something on the Etherpad. One", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00701-00312418-00313306": "is, um, mmm about to follow up with participants, do you? Do", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00702-00313306-00313570": "you have a way to keep in touch with those that have", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00703-00313570-00314305": "participated or not for now? And the other one is the gender", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00704-00314305-00314893": "participation, like, how has that been? Equal numbers or not,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00705-00314947-00315604": "in in how has been the reception of these of your schools in", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00706-00315604-00316066": "secondary school, but also universities, by authorities and", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00707-00316066-00316474": "professors? Like the authorities at school? How have they kind of", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00708-00316474-00316747": "received it with x skepticism or?", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00709-00316967-00317705": "Marco: Three questions. So first of all, we so we currently had", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00710-00317708-00318260": "have just one one training school done. And the way we do", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00711-00318260-00318815": "it is, we asked them before, and we ask them for feedbacks every", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00712-00318815-00319235": "day, but at the end, we want our complete feedback. So we know", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00713-00319253-00319955": "how we perform as a trainer. And of course we send them an email,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00714-00319955-00320321": "but about what they are doing right now. So we want to keep in", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00715-00320321-00320882": "touch with them. Some of them are, can always reach reach us", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00716-00320882-00321317": "for mentoring. But yeah, we were waiting for the first year to", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00717-00321317-00321761": "pass before sending the first email. So this is the complete", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00718-00321764-00322520": "answer we will have it in a couple of months. Gender, we saw", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00719-00322520-00322886": "the first training school by chance we had a very", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00720-00322889-00323492": "equilibrated number it was fifty - fifty. We are trying to, yeah", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00721-00323498-00323984": "its curious now we had during this second call for application", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00722-00323984-00324488": "for this training school. I think we had more than 80% of", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00723-00324542-00325217": "girls  willing to participate, which is nice. But yeah, at some", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00724-00325217-00325919": "point, this we don't have a real strategy to to make it more", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00725-00325919-00326459": "balanced. But we are happy that that many girls applied. Which", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00726-00326459-00327365": "is surprising. But for now, for now. It's just like that, but in", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00727-00327392-00327767": "so we will have a eighty I don't remember how many participants", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00728-00327767-00328157": "in person and this number will be more equilibrated. But in", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00729-00328157-00328817": "general, the application were more towards girls. And what", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00730-00328817-00329147": "else what was the third question are the authorities, the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00731-00329147-00329615": "authorities? Well, so we mostly rely on public grant. So there's", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00732-00329618-00330113": "it's important to have some some help from the authority as well,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00733-00330149-00330416": "so I didn't mention it. But this training school will be", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00734-00330419-00330848": "organized one with this grant we want and part of the money will", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00735-00330848-00331208": "come from the municipality in the city where we are organizing", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00736-00331208-00331739": "it. So in Montenegro, we had a very nice collaboration from the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00737-00331739-00332009": "authorities, because they are very interested in what we are", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00738-00332009-00332537": "doing. And they are supporting us. So this was nice. This last", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00739-00332537-00333074": "grant we won with university, one university is in Macedonia", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00740-00333074-00333626": "and one in Serbia. Yeah, they were very interested in our", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00741-00333647-00334076": "initiative, and we set up the call together. So so far, we had", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00742-00334079-00334658": "a very nice collaboration with with public authorities. I hope", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00743-00334658-00334787": "I answered to everything.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00744-00334880-00335495": "paz bernaldo: Yeah. yeah, you did fantastic. What else? any", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00745-00335495-00335849": "questions,  remember, you can add them in the chat or in the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00746-00335849-00336035": "pad. And I can read them out.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00747-00336722-00337004": "Yo Yehudi: Me too, but I don't want to take up space if someone", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00748-00337004-00337157": "else has questions.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00749-00337946-00338447": "Alright I'll go for it. So Marco, and the rest of the team,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00750-00338450-00339086": "I really, really enjoyed watching this talk. It really", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00751-00339086-00339383": "reminds me actually of some courses that I've seen run at", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00752-00339383-00339764": "the EBI, the European Bioinformatics Institute in the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00753-00339764-00340355": "UK, it looks really good quality. One thing that I'm", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00754-00340361-00340643": "super impressed is the level of success that you've had for a", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00755-00340643-00341093": "young organization to already have multiple grants. Being only", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00756-00341096-00341573": "did you say a year old? Yeah. That's, that's incredible. I", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00757-00341573-00341969": "don't think our lesson managed anything at that point, and", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00758-00341969-00342668": "we're about three now. Do you have any tips for a bit being a", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00759-00342668-00343121": "young organization and working on public engagement and", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00760-00343190-00343547": "applying for money is what you think made it appealing to", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00761-00343547-00343964": "people to both both to the public and also to people who", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00762-00343964-00344177": "are potentially going to give your organization money?", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00763-00344469-00344991": "Marco: This is a good question. So maybe one, one thing that", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00764-00345150-00345651": "characterized us was that we had a very clear goal. So we said,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00765-00345795-00346290": "we want to help young students, and we are bioinformaticians. So", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00766-00346293-00346938": "we will focus on this. So it's a very narrow topic. And it's", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00767-00346938-00347436": "appealing in the places where we wanted when, when we were we", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00768-00347439-00348021": "decided to start because there are a lot of brilliant young", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00769-00348021-00348753": "students, and they don't have enough resources. And so that's", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00770-00348753-00349518": "why it was it was nice. So the tip is, so my personal advice", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00771-00349518-00350025": "would be maybe to, to focus on something very clear, like one", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00772-00350037-00350778": "topic, first of all, and do it very well. And we have been", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00773-00350778-00351189": "lucky because we have we had a very high rate of success in the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00774-00351189-00351846": "grant we applied to. But yeah, we all have experience in grant", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00775-00351846-00352221": "writing. I mean, coming from science background, you need to", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00776-00352221-00352890": "write grants all the time. So it's quite common and and yeah,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00777-00352890-00353199": "but I mean, these are small grants, and I'm not talking", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00778-00353199-00353664": "about many  money is enough to set up a training school. That's", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00779-00353667-00354123": "that's what we are looking for right now. And we will see but I", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00780-00354123-00354594": "don't know if Katarina and Selle have some other tips to give.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00781-00354861-00355203": "Malvika Sharan: Yeah, I was thinking about it. I really", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00782-00355203-00355584": "liked this question. Because I could think a little bit about", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00783-00355596-00356034": "like our past and like, what were the kind of the set points", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00784-00356034-00356484": "that that made it successful? I think all this maybe sounds a", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00785-00356484-00356829": "bit cheesy, but I think we're also friends, the three of us", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00786-00356829-00357336": "and we really enjoy doing this. This is like this is a passion", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00787-00357336-00357885": "and if you enjoy doing things then you also yeah, pursue it.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00788-00358614-00358932": "Marco: Yeah, this is completely true. I mean, it's much easier", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00789-00358935-00359463": "if you, our meetings are funny, are fun. We have fun during our", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00790-00359463-00359883": "meeting. So that's important, I guess, and it's easier to work", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00791-00359883-00360036": "in this, so, setting.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00792-00360222-00360342": "paz bernaldo: How did you meet?", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00793-00360498-00361008": "Marco: So, Katerina and I, we studied together in Italy, for", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00794-00361053-00361857": "our master. And we both moved to Berlin for our PhD. And she knew", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00795-00361863-00362346": "and yeah, Katerina met Selle, because they're our colleague in", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00796-00362346-00362859": "the same group. And we got to know each other, because we are", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00797-00362895-00362997": "old friends now.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00798-00364116-00364683": "paz bernaldo: Any more questions people we still habe time, which", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00799-00364683-00365289": "is unique for? Because we haven't we had two speakers", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00800-00365289-00365724": "today, often we have three. And we never have enough time for", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00801-00365724-00366183": "three is like so? Yeah, it's better this way. I think I have", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00802-00366183-00366657": "time to think of questions and or to ask as many as we want.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00803-00367713-00368661": "I have one for, No, not for Cavin. But I was wondering. So", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00804-00368664-00369207": "being able to write grant grants, is pretty common, I", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00805-00369207-00369690": "guess, where there are resources that you can apply to. In Europe", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00806-00369762-00370188": "there are Yeah, research grants for research or whatever, more", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00807-00370188-00370704": "often than in, in Latin America, at least. What I know. And I", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00808-00370704-00371268": "wanted to ask Cavin, do you do you have in Kenya, like, public", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00809-00371271-00372006": "resources available? For projects like this? Or will you", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00810-00372078-00372714": "have to go overseas to look for for money? Or? Yeah, how is the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00811-00372714-00372849": "Yeah, scenario over there?", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00812-00373079-00373658": "Cavin: Here Here is a bit a bit bit challenging, because the few", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00813-00373658-00374186": "grants that are available here are extremely competitive. And", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00814-00374270-00374855": "I'm mainly meant for health, mainly, our awarded to projects", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00815-00374855-00375311": "in health health research, show this kind of for this kind of", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00816-00375326-00376034": "outreach,  or you will? I mean, there are not many. So if you", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00817-00376034-00376298": "want to start something like this, then we'll have to look", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00818-00376298-00376853": "somewhere maybe overseas for a grant. So it'd be extremely", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00819-00376853-00377291": "difficult to, to get one. But always I'll try.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00820-00377867-00378239": "paz bernaldo: I don't know how is it in Italy or in Montenegro,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00821-00378239-00378794": "other countries that you know? Can people I mean, you were able", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00822-00378794-00379163": "to apply only because your academics or you you have PhD", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00823-00379163-00379637": "or, for example, if you if you were outside academia, could you", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00824-00379637-00379859": "have applied to that funding as well or not?", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00825-00380051-00380594": "Marco: Yes, because we so what we mostly want to something more", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00826-00380597-00380942": "social oriented. So because we are doing something socially", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00827-00380942-00381806": "helpful. But so far, we we were looking to mark camp specific,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00828-00381845-00382289": "grant. And for that you need someone from the Balkans, which", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00829-00382292-00382991": "in our case is Katerina. And the other collaboration, and the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00830-00382991-00383381": "nonprofit is based there. So that's why we can apply to this.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00831-00383708-00384077": "But, for example, in Italy, there are Yeah, there are plenty", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00832-00384077-00384557": "of rounds opportunity are also regional wise. And national", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00833-00384557-00385040": "wise, you don't need to go to a European level to look for that.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00834-00385154-00385472": "But yeah, the main requirement is that you have to be", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00835-00385472-00386006": "registered there. And that's the probably the only big thing like", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00836-00386009-00386699": "the yeah, the biggest thing that you have you need to have. But", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00837-00386732-00387191": "yeah, we could definitely apply when, even if we weren't", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00838-00387251-00387314": "academics", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00839-00387857-00388463": "paz bernaldo: Bethan, Am I saying it right? I'm super bad", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00840-00388463-00389048": "at saying it. I wanted to ask them about FORRT, if you want to", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00841-00389126-00389510": "tell us a bit about it. How is it going now that we still have", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00842-00389510-00389792": "some minutes if you were there", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00843-00389700-00390336": "Bethan Iley: Yeah, sure, so FORRT is work, we to be honest,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00844-00390336-00390666": "we kind of we started off as like a mostly around educational", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00845-00390666-00390903": "resources and we've kind of ballooned into something bigger.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00846-00390987-00391572": "So yeah, the kind of crux of what we do is pedagogical work.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00847-00391572-00392010": "So making openly the available lesson plans about open", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00848-00392010-00392391": "scholarship. And so open scholarship barriers, Open", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00849-00392391-00392799": "Science, but also the kind of social justice side that ties in", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00850-00392799-00393285": "but often gets completely ignored. And on top of that,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00851-00393285-00393654": "we're also now doing quite a lot of work around diversity, equity", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00852-00393654-00393996": "and inclusion in science and Open Science and scholarship", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00853-00393996-00394350": "generally. So for example, I'm from team neurodiversity, and", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00854-00394350-00394869": "one of the CO leads. And we're focusing specifically on the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00855-00394884-00395427": "issues linked to neuro diversity. So things like making", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00856-00395427-00395904": "sure the research about, for example, autistic people is", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00857-00395904-00396231": "actually including autistic people in the design process.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00858-00396237-00396678": "And considering these kinds of things in ethics, there's also a", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00859-00396678-00397026": "whole bunch of other projects about how Open Science affects", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00860-00397062-00397440": "students. There's a big Open Science glossary that we're", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00861-00397440-00397689": "working on. And we're currently looking for translators as well.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00862-00397755-00398157": "For that one. There's honestly there's more but you know,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00863-00398157-00398430": "there's so many that I can keep track of on.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00864-00398922-00399120": "paz bernaldo: So you need help translating?", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00865-00399327-00399585": "Bethan Iley: Yeah, so far, it's a community, it's really", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00866-00399585-00399888": "community driven. And we're always looking for people to get", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00867-00399888-00400326": "involved in stuff. So yeah, one of the things is the glossary,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00868-00400329-00400785": "which is basically just a massive thing of definitions of", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00869-00400785-00401280": "Open Science terms. And, yeah, we're currently in the process", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00870-00401280-00401607": "of translating the terms that we've got, and also writing new", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00871-00401631-00402261": "things that we've missed. And it is quite heavily dominated by", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00872-00402261-00402555": "psychologists. So it would be absolutely amazing to see a more", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00873-00402555-00402729": "diverse range of people helping out.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00874-00403218-00403683": "paz bernaldo: Fantastic, we can put a note in this like in the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00875-00403683-00404220": "OLS Slack, man. I mean, yeah, we can we will do about", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00876-00404397-00404940": "bioinformatics as well. But yeah, that's so I mean, also,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00877-00404940-00405267": "they know they know about your program, and then maybe someone", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00878-00405267-00405558": "from your countries maybe want to get in touch at some point,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00879-00405582-00406689": "and maybe help as mentors or trainers. Yeah.Someone else want", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00880-00406689-00406821": "to add something?", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00881-00407526-00408570": "Cavin: so I wanted to Okay. And this will not request question", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00882-00408570-00409125": "per se, but Marco, this si to Marco. I remember we had in", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00883-00409128-00409857": "2020, here, the bio hackathon here in Nairobi, and we used an", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00884-00409902-00410370": "open open access data and we were able to publish what we did", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00885-00410484-00410922": "in frontier so. So for the for the student that yu're engaging,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00886-00410925-00411438": "as you may be thinking of engaging them to that extent, or", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00887-00411507-00411825": "maybe you're having a project and having groups adding a", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00888-00411825-00412164": "project, then writing a manuscript to publish.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00889-00412502-00412967": "Marco: And yeah, it depends, of course, of the audience about", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00890-00412967-00413366": "the audience. So with high school students, I don't think", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00891-00413366-00414050": "that's feasible, but with, with bachelor's students for general", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00892-00414050-00414557": "mentoring, we do offer guidance also in case they want to", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00893-00414557-00415070": "publish, but we are, we don't have anything. So this is", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00894-00415070-00415778": "something we don't cover yet at least. So the this is something", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00895-00415778-00416312": "like really, if someone is interested and needs help, and", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00896-00416312-00416762": "guidance, we are more than happy to do that. But organizing", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00897-00416897-00417521": "hackathons. So we are currently doing this for the training", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00898-00417521-00418079": "school we are having then I mentioned will be in there will", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00899-00418079-00418355": "be two one in Macedonia and we're in Serbia then we will do", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00900-00418355-00418853": "an unique our Katherine with both the training school so they", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00901-00418856-00419357": "can group together and participate in this one day. It", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00902-00419357-00419831": "will be a one day hackathon. We didn't plan any publication", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00903-00419831-00420092": "afterward, but this could be also good hence. So we can't", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00904-00420092-00420701": "even consider that. But yeah, we do organise hackathons for", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00905-00420701-00420772": "students.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00906-00420932-00422009": "Cavin: Okay, thank you. Any more, any other questions? I", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00907-00423242-00423439": "think we can probably wrap up", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00908-00424714-00425641": "paz bernaldo: That's me. Sorry. Okay, so them a lot of people", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00909-00425641-00426039": "will be watching us this video the recording in the next few", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00910-00426039-00426318": "days, that happens, often the participants aren't going to", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00911-00426318-00426787": "make it because of the timezone or other commandments. So this,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00912-00426931-00427443": "this is for them, please register for the graduations. I", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00913-00427443-00427849": "think we have like eight people registered and four and four, we", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00914-00427849-00428254": "have three dates. So please check the links in the Etherpad", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00915-00428254-00428847": "in line 135. And see if any of those dates are good for you.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00916-00428875-00429439": "Also, email us or talk to us on Slack. If you have any questions", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00917-00429439-00429859": "about the what to present or if you feel that your project isn't", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00918-00429859-00430474": "ready yet, or, or your process with OLS isn't ready, and but", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00919-00430477-00430795": "you would like to graduate anyways. Or you wouldn't like", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00920-00430795-00431260": "please reach us reach to reach I mean, talk to us, and we can", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00921-00431299-00431749": "figure things out. But I will say don't don't miss the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00922-00431752-00432364": "listening to the other cohort members. And yeah, you can also", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00923-00432364-00432901": "invite friends and colleagues to your to your graduation. And", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00924-00432901-00433753": "that's why we do this even write invites. And I think that's", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00925-00433753-00434095": "about it. Also in the other part, you can give us feedback,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00926-00434131-00434521": "we can enter the other part later on andnd then being", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00927-00434521-00435064": "anonymous and give us feedback about them the call. What else", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00928-00435064-00435229": "you I'm sure I'm missing something now.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00929-00435481-00435781": "Yo Yehudi: The only other thing to note perhaps is that we have", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00930-00435784-00436159": "practice graduations before the live streamed ones the week", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00931-00436159-00436702": "before. So what we recommend, if you're not sure what to present,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00932-00436702-00437131": "you can, you can speak to your mentor about it. But the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00933-00437131-00437514": "practice graduations is a space where you can practice with a", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00934-00437514-00437905": "cohort members, but it's not life. And as part of this, we", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00935-00437905-00438316": "ask people to give feedback and say actually, I wondered about", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00936-00438316-00438832": "X, or maybe you should do Y. And it does tend to materially", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00937-00438835-00439264": "improve the presentations from practice, to the actual", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00938-00439264-00439714": "graduation presentations. So we do recommend that you try and", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00939-00439714-00440293": "come to those if you can. And so next year, I can't wait.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00940-00440446-00440704": "Unknown: And just have a quick question, please. What's the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00941-00440704-00440992": "expected length of the presentation three to five", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00942-00440992-00441166": "minutes or ten, Or?", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00943-00441501-00441929": "Yo Yehudi: I'll take this one, usually about five. What I will", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00944-00441937-00442467": "say is, for reasons unclear to me somehow everyone always books", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00945-00442475-00442971": "the same graduation. So we're like we'll offer three slots,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00946-00442979-00443483": "and one will have everyone in it. And if you're in that one,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00947-00443492-00444021": "sometimes we're overbooked and we just have to get pum, pum pum", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00948-00444029-00444517": "and there's no questions. And then sometimes we still over", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00949-00444525-00445004": "run. If you're in a quieter presentation, where let's say", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00950-00445012-00445458": "there's only three or five people then we usually let", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00951-00445466-00445987": "people over run and we usually have space for questions. So be", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00952-00445995-00446533": "prepared for either, but at the very least five minutes. We will", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00953-00446542-00447021": "cut you off. We have to we'd rather not but it may happen", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00954-00447021-00447394": "paz bernaldo: well, yeah, thank you so much. Your projects are", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00955-00447402-00447876": "so interesting Marco Katerina, Selle, Bethen. Like I love the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00956-00447884-00448343": "the website, the websites as well. A lot of information and", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00957-00448351-00448833": "like you want to go into that and just read everything and the", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00958-00448841-00449253": "graphics in the case of bioinformatics very nicely. I", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00959-00449261-00449727": "mean the guy dropping from the poison so I think that really", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00960-00449735-00450194": "makes a difference. Probably with young people as well. So,", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00961-00450202-00450676": "you know, the visual aspect of how you present so I mean, and", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00962-00450684-00451182": "they issue bioinformatics well, that can be a bit scary for some", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00963-00451190-00451680": "people so interesting, but it's scary. So congrats to everyone.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00964-00451688-00452131": "And yeah, thank you so much. Thank you so much. Thank you", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00965-00452139-00452217": "very much.", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00966-00452517-00452631": "Yo Yehudi: Thank", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00967-00452829-00452931": "paz bernaldo: So total", "i1oKk2HG0sy-00968-00452931-00453051": "Yo Yehudi: Thank you. Bye"}}]