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+[{"audio_id": "k3qxFAkOvzM", "text": {"k3qxFAkOvzM-00000-00000000-00000330": "Hostile action, resume securing the container once- LOADING MAG!", "k3qxFAkOvzM-00001-00000558-00000758": "Securing the container", "k3qxFAkOvzM-00002-00000787-00000986": "15 seconds remaining", "k3qxFAkOvzM-00003-00001117-00001317": "Hostile activity neutralize the threat", "k3qxFAkOvzM-00012-00001738-00001788": "one - i don't know what it said - four remaining", "k3qxFAkOvzM-00013-00001788-00001838": "one - i don't know what it said - four remaining", "k3qxFAkOvzM-00014-00001838-00001888": "one - i don't know what it said - four remaining", "k3qxFAkOvzM-00015-00001888-00001938": "one - i don't know what it said - four remaining"}}, {"audio_id": "k3V0W83VmXy", "text": {"k3V0W83VmXy-00000-00000024-00000636": "we humans have made the finding a partner ritual so complicated that even experts are", "k3V0W83VmXy-00001-00000636-00001236": "still finding new tips tricks and hints this dance can often feel unnatural to us making", "k3V0W83VmXy-00002-00001236-00001902": "initial forays or revisit after long breaks unnerving we even have a name for the dance", "k3V0W83VmXy-00003-00001980-00002508": "dating it's a jungle out there and we'd like to give you some tips to help you navigate the new", "k3V0W83VmXy-00004-00002508-00003252": "terrain or help you reacquaint yourself expansion pack included number one know yourself before", "k3V0W83VmXy-00005-00003252-00003900": "you even contemplate who the other person is you definitely need to know you this will save you an", "k3V0W83VmXy-00006-00003900-00004356": "incredible amount of frustration and time if you already know the fundamental basics of what you", "k3V0W83VmXy-00007-00004356-00005190": "need in terms of values treatment beliefs ideas and support think of it as the absolute Essentials", "k3V0W83VmXy-00008-00005190-00005676": "the deal breakers if you will for example you can probably live with a person who likes a different", "k3V0W83VmXy-00009-00005676-00006132": "brand of chocolate than you but you might never be able to stay with someone who refuses to comfort", "k3V0W83VmXy-00010-00006132-00006659": "you when you're crying spending some time exploring which behaviors you value can help", "k3V0W83VmXy-00011-00006659-00007254": "you develop reasonable and tangible expectations when you understand this you can confidently allow", "k3V0W83VmXy-00012-00007254-00007878": "yourself to cross off the list those who don't meet your needs number two go at your own pace", "k3V0W83VmXy-00013-00007878-00008604": "yay who's in the whole dating thing again that's right it's you you're a part of this and so you", "k3V0W83VmXy-00014-00008604-00009144": "have every right to decide how you are going to go about it I'm sure other people may try to nudge", "k3V0W83VmXy-00015-00009144-00009876": "you in particular directions but you are the only one who 100 knows what's going on inside and can", "k3V0W83VmXy-00016-00009876-00010446": "tailor your speed to it in fact being rushed could be considered a red flag if someone keeps pushing", "k3V0W83VmXy-00017-00010446-00010968": "rushing and insisting despite you indicating otherwise this is a sign that the other person", "k3V0W83VmXy-00018-00010968-00011622": "can't take no for an answer which in turn implies just how little your needs matter to them number", "k3V0W83VmXy-00019-00011622-00012324": "three think of each step as practice do you expect to hit a hole in one the first time you play golf", "k3V0W83VmXy-00020-00012324-00013002": "well dating is kind of similar it takes practice these days online meeting through texts apps and", "k3V0W83VmXy-00021-00013002-00013566": "even online forums is far more common no one you know has vetted these people and if you are used", "k3V0W83VmXy-00022-00013566-00014094": "to meeting people in the traditional way this can be daunting certain behaviors show up more often", "k3V0W83VmXy-00023-00014094-00014658": "than others for example if you're heteronormative a woman will have to deal with many messages from", "k3V0W83VmXy-00024-00014658-00015168": "men with a blunt aggressively sexual approach while the men deal with ghosting from the ladies", "k3V0W83VmXy-00025-00015168-00015654": "interestingly enough if you're pursuing a same-sex relationship there is a tendency for Less pressure", "k3V0W83VmXy-00026-00015654-00016284": "on who sends a message first and a lot fewer in your face inappropriate replies number four", "k3V0W83VmXy-00027-00016284-00017010": "communicate and be honest as nerve-wracking as it might be dating is supposed to be a good thing a", "k3V0W83VmXy-00028-00017010-00017694": "fun thing and there are a few things less fun than severe discomfort from Awkward silences or cringy", "k3V0W83VmXy-00029-00017694-00018396": "outbursts quite often many of these painful dates stem from one or both parties not being honest or", "k3V0W83VmXy-00030-00018396-00019050": "communicative about their intentions actual wants needs and boundaries certainly first impressions", "k3V0W83VmXy-00031-00019050-00019488": "are important we're not telling you to go on a first date in your binge watching PJs after", "k3V0W83VmXy-00032-00019488-00020010": "not having brushed your hair think of it more like if you're not actually a hot shot because", "k3V0W83VmXy-00033-00020010-00020640": "jillionaire don't act like you can make it rain the truth will out eventually and that leads to", "k3V0W83VmXy-00034-00020640-00021402": "seriously awkward sometimes super embarrassing confrontations oh and wasted time so much wasted", "k3V0W83VmXy-00035-00021402-00022026": "time you do want to tell just enough so both of you understand each other spilling everything", "k3V0W83VmXy-00036-00022026-00022644": "with all details in history and a torrential flood especially early on is overwhelming while it may", "k3V0W83VmXy-00037-00022644-00023274": "not be advisable to gush marriage on a first date it's a good idea to be forthcoming about why you", "k3V0W83VmXy-00038-00023274-00023814": "are dating whether it's a hookup a long-term thing or even just I haven't met anyone you in a while", "k3V0W83VmXy-00039-00023814-00024426": "in the same vein don't go on and on about past partners but being honest about the big stuff", "k3V0W83VmXy-00040-00024426-00025074": "like being widowed or divorced Etc will help steer interactions in the right direction giving some", "k3V0W83VmXy-00041-00025074-00025739": "general but honest info will help avoid red flag status too it's about balance if you're returning", "k3V0W83VmXy-00042-00025739-00026310": "to the dating scene after being away for a super long time and give no reason that seems suspicious", "k3V0W83VmXy-00043-00026310-00026826": "on the flip side if you spill every single moment of your past like you're trying to find Absolution", "k3V0W83VmXy-00044-00026826-00027558": "through therapy this is also not good okay number five watch out for red flags and speaking of", "k3V0W83VmXy-00045-00027558-00028445": "those red flags look out for the four major ones criticism defensiveness stonewalling and contempt", "k3V0W83VmXy-00046-00028524-00029364": "but what exactly am I looking for you ask don't worry we got you covered criticism isn't a one-off", "k3V0W83VmXy-00047-00029364-00029916": "you're late it's an all or nothing thing with the criticism flag so more like you're always", "k3V0W83VmXy-00048-00029916-00030660": "late or you never notice me so the movies were right on this one only a Sith deals in absolutes", "k3V0W83VmXy-00049-00030660-00031182": "defensiveness is like a pre-attack everything you say becomes the opening Salvo for a debate", "k3V0W83VmXy-00050-00031182-00031806": "fight or guilt trip an offhand comment of it's raining pretty hard why'd you park so far away", "k3V0W83VmXy-00051-00031806-00032316": "it gets a response of I don't want my car to get scratched do you know how much that costs it's", "k3V0W83VmXy-00052-00032316-00033000": "just rain what's your problem or asking for fun do you think a hot dog is a sandwich and", "k3V0W83VmXy-00053-00033000-00033528": "do you get a full-blown insulting tirade about giving inane reasoning to manipulate a result", "k3V0W83VmXy-00054-00033528-00034170": "I mean come on sometimes the questions just a question stonewalling on the other hand takes", "k3V0W83VmXy-00055-00034170-00034770": "an inactive approach just like it sounds you say a thing or trying to talk after a conflict", "k3V0W83VmXy-00056-00034770-00035352": "and the other person doesn't respond or they go offline you explain your stance and they either", "k3V0W83VmXy-00057-00035352-00035988": "act like they don't care or they simply act like you didn't say anything at all contempt the most", "k3V0W83VmXy-00058-00035988-00036612": "Sinister of the Four Horsemen of the apoca I mean of dating contempt goes hand in hand with being", "k3V0W83VmXy-00059-00036612-00037170": "condescending they'll behave in a mean-spirited manner humiliating you or otherwise making sure", "k3V0W83VmXy-00060-00037170-00037944": "you know their Superior in some way so demeaning jokes at your expense on a first date run away", "k3V0W83VmXy-00061-00037944-00038646": "in fact if any of these red flags make themselves clearly absolutely known the best course of action", "k3V0W83VmXy-00062-00038646-00039354": "is to turn and leave and not after giving it a go for a year leave quickly you'll have noticed that", "k3V0W83VmXy-00063-00039354-00039912": "they all entail the flag bearer not caring about their partner or at worst using their partner as", "k3V0W83VmXy-00064-00039912-00040578": "a tool like a sport though dating also has a yellow flag where there is unease but you're", "k3V0W83VmXy-00065-00040578-00041208": "not really sure if it's really a thing when in doubt ask an expert you could also sit", "k3V0W83VmXy-00066-00041208-00041700": "back and ask yourself how you'd feel if this treatment was being received by someone close", "k3V0W83VmXy-00067-00041700-00042186": "to you when put in that light we tend to lose the rosy glasses of initial dating forgiveness", "k3V0W83VmXy-00068-00042246-00042732": "number six tell someone you know where you are and be aware of your surroundings", "k3V0W83VmXy-00069-00042798-00043272": "I know you've been watching those docu-series or at least have seen the news feeds you know", "k3V0W83VmXy-00070-00043272-00043824": "the ones where the aftermath involves a friend or family member of the victim saying we had no idea", "k3V0W83VmXy-00071-00043824-00044526": "where they were and only always let someone you trust know where you are and with who you never", "k3V0W83VmXy-00072-00044526-00045006": "know when something may happen there might be something Petty like this is super awkward can", "k3V0W83VmXy-00073-00045006-00045552": "you conveniently show up or call so I can leave this date or on the other hand it could possibly", "k3V0W83VmXy-00074-00045552-00046068": "save your life as much as we're all digitally connected always remember that someone you met", "k3V0W83VmXy-00075-00046068-00046854": "online or while waiting for coffee is not someone you know dating is complex we want to arm you with", "k3V0W83VmXy-00076-00046854-00047400": "your best chance so stay tuned for part two and take that stride and pride we're here for you"}}, {"audio_id": "k4gIM1WaHcI", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "k4Todi6LjDU", "text": {"k4Todi6LjDU-00000-00000000-00000453": "[Music]", "k4Todi6LjDU-00001-00000453-00000843": "What English course is right for you?", "k4Todi6LjDU-00002-00000843-00001523": "What key ideas were emphasized in Rewri 81?", "k4Todi6LjDU-00003-00001523-00002609": "They would tell you how to remember more when you reading and save your time when you're reading, and, of course, it's all about essays.", "k4Todi6LjDU-00004-00002610-00003693": "They emphasize on how you can write a paragraph and with the best structure and then how, of course, you write essays.", "k4Todi6LjDU-00005-00003693-00004353": "And the also focus on grammar and every part you need to make an essay better.", "k4Todi6LjDU-00006-00004353-00005083": "How to write topics, endings and comprise an essay.", "k4Todi6LjDU-00007-00005083-00006319": "I think the key idea I learned in this class is our professor teach us how to write the essay.", "k4Todi6LjDU-00008-00006320-00007416": "And really important since it's our international students, it's really different writing skill with American.", "k4Todi6LjDU-00009-00007416-00008589": "So, our writing skill is like writing really long part about what will I talk about.", "k4Todi6LjDU-00010-00008590-00009163": "But America still is how we will write my idea at first.", "k4Todi6LjDU-00011-00009163-00009389": "So, essaying is really different.", "k4Todi6LjDU-00012-00009390-00010063": "And our professors teach us, like, how to write American style essay.", "k4Todi6LjDU-00013-00010063-00011676": "How to scheme it, and we don't know how to write quickly in the test and teacher teach us how to read faster and get the main point.", "k4Todi6LjDU-00014-00011676-00012283": "What is different about ReWri 81 than other classes?", "k4Todi6LjDU-00015-00012283-00014159": "It's different cuz this class have online and we have to take some quizzes online, but in Japan we don't have, so it's kinda different.", "k4Todi6LjDU-00016-00014160-00015423": "I take Kaplan class before, so I think it's our professor is teaching more details", "k4Todi6LjDU-00017-00015423-00016006": "and we have more time to think about how to write and how to read.", "k4Todi6LjDU-00018-00016006-00016499": "But in Kaplan, almost it's about grammar and vocabulary.", "k4Todi6LjDU-00019-00016500-00017236": "What advice would you give students to be successful in ReWri 81?", "k4Todi6LjDU-00020-00017236-00018003": "Firstly, you have to pay attention in class and then you do more homework, given in class,", "k4Todi6LjDU-00021-00018003-00018673": "but I think doing homework is never enough for you to be better in these classes", "k4Todi6LjDU-00022-00018673-00019493": "and I think you should make time for extra reading, for extra writing, and it's good for you.", "k4Todi6LjDU-00023-00019493-00020053": "Time management, I think because in college is harder,", "k4Todi6LjDU-00024-00020053-00021096": "is a harsh environment and you have to manage your time efficiently to finish a lot of homework in all the class.", "k4Todi6LjDU-00025-00021096-00022336": "And I think, you should manage your time and do your homework, efficiently is all of it.", "k4Todi6LjDU-00026-00022336-00022809": "You need five days writing, of course,", "k4Todi6LjDU-00027-00022810-00023640": "and if you have any questions you can ask professors or go to writing center", "k4Todi6LjDU-00028-00023640-00024563": "and for reading, of course, practice, but most important thing is do homework.", "k4Todi6LjDU-00029-00024563-00026393": "I think listen carefully when you're in classroom, and do your homework on time, because before I forgot my homework and I get low grade.", "k4Todi6LjDU-00030-00026393-00026903": "But I talk to my teacher and she gives me another chance to do it.", "k4Todi6LjDU-00031-00026903-00027266": "When you have any questions, just ask.", "k4Todi6LjDU-00032-00027266-00027656": "Don't like shy, or something.", "k4Todi6LjDU-00033-00027656-00028619": "[Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "k4cYpES-_xY", "text": {"k4cYpES-_xY-00000-00000060-00000200": "- Thank you, everyone, for joining us", "k4cYpES-_xY-00001-00000200-00000399": "for the panel discussion \"Beyond Pride:", "k4cYpES-_xY-00002-00000399-00000774": "\"Authentically Connecting with LGBTQ+ Audiences.\"", "k4cYpES-_xY-00003-00000774-00001107": "I'm Kenny Day, senior manager of Customer Success at Suzy.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00004-00001107-00001317": "And I'm delighted to welcome you to today's panel,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00005-00001317-00001400": "which will be focused", "k4cYpES-_xY-00006-00001400-00001821": "on how to reach LGBTQ+ audiences in authentic ways.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00007-00001821-00002079": "I'm joined on stage by three powerhouse marketing leaders,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00008-00002079-00002259": "and I'll let them introduce themselves.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00009-00002259-00002400": "Kirk, let's start with you.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00010-00002586-00002832": "- Perfect. Hello, everybody.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00011-00002832-00002955": "My name is Kirk Vaclavik,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00012-00002955-00003120": "and I'm a group strategy director", "k4cYpES-_xY-00013-00003120-00003456": "at TBWA\\Chiat\\Day in Los Angeles.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00014-00003597-00003879": "We are a West Coast agency through and through,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00015-00003879-00004104": "the first agency on the West Coast.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00016-00004104-00004287": "And the group that I lead", "k4cYpES-_xY-00017-00004287-00004611": "is specifically a group of accounts", "k4cYpES-_xY-00018-00004611-00004938": "that's about more technical and complex businesses,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00019-00004938-00005217": "the types of businesses that are really driving", "k4cYpES-_xY-00020-00005217-00005433": "the future infrastructure of the world,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00021-00005433-00005850": "cybersecurity, technology, financial services, all of that.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00022-00005934-00006174": "And again, I'm group strategy director.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00023-00006174-00006456": "So a lot of what I do at the agency", "k4cYpES-_xY-00024-00006456-00006698": "is in the world of research insights", "k4cYpES-_xY-00025-00006698-00006984": "and ultimately defining the brand and marketing strategy.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00026-00007248-00007413": "- Awesome. Thank you, Kirk.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00027-00007413-00007554": "Tim, onto you.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00028-00007653-00007854": "- Hello. My name is Tim Snow.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00029-00007854-00008265": "I'm the VP of Activations and Brand Partnerships", "k4cYpES-_xY-00030-00008265-00008469": "at Equal Pride.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00031-00008469-00008969": "Under our roster is \"Out Magazine,\" \"The Advocate: Plus\"", "k4cYpES-_xY-00032-00008985-00009465": "which is our HIV-centric, more pharma-based publication,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00033-00009465-00009774": "pride.com, as well as \"Celebrity Page.\"", "k4cYpES-_xY-00034-00009774-00010161": "So my role with Equal Pride,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00035-00010161-00010410": "I help brands across all categories", "k4cYpES-_xY-00036-00010410-00010755": "who are trying to reach the LGBTQ consumer", "k4cYpES-_xY-00037-00010755-00011136": "by putting together robust", "k4cYpES-_xY-00038-00011136-00011604": "but at the same time truly authentic marketing campaigns,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00039-00011604-00011934": "speaking to the LGBTQ consumer,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00040-00012027-00012270": "not just during Pride Month but beyond.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00041-00012270-00012679": "It's something that we work with our partners year round", "k4cYpES-_xY-00042-00012679-00012990": "to actively reach the community throughout the year.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00043-00013293-00013376": "- Thanks, Tim.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00044-00013376-00013584": "And last but not least, Devin.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00045-00013710-00013866": "- Hey, I'm Devin Villacis.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00046-00013866-00014256": "I'm account executive at TBWA\\Chiat\\Day LA with Kirk.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00047-00014361-00014784": "I'm also one of the co-leads of the pride affinity group.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00048-00014784-00014994": "So I worked with Kirk on the pride guide,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00049-00014994-00015191": "which we'll be discussing today.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00050-00015191-00015576": "And we work to kind of programming at the office.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00051-00015810-00015893": "- Great.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00052-00015893-00016026": "Well, thank you all for those introductions.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00053-00016026-00016263": "And so excited to be chatting with you today.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00054-00016263-00016503": "So today's conversation is gonna be focused", "k4cYpES-_xY-00055-00016503-00016701": "around three different areas.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00056-00016701-00016902": "First up is, why is it important", "k4cYpES-_xY-00057-00016902-00017274": "to have dedicated LGBTQ+ marketing efforts?", "k4cYpES-_xY-00058-00017274-00017637": "Then we'll talk about who is the LGBTQ+ consumer.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00059-00017637-00017928": "And then we'll end with reaching LGBTQ+ consumers", "k4cYpES-_xY-00060-00017928-00018126": "in market research.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00061-00018126-00018342": "So first question here.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00062-00018342-00018567": "Why do you think it's important now more than ever", "k4cYpES-_xY-00063-00018567-00018966": "to have dedicated LGBTQ+ marketing efforts?", "k4cYpES-_xY-00064-00019053-00019350": "Maybe we'll start out with Kirk on this one.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00065-00019518-00019614": "- Absolutely.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00066-00019836-00020022": "I think that actually the best way to start", "k4cYpES-_xY-00067-00020022-00020211": "in answering a question like this", "k4cYpES-_xY-00068-00020211-00020622": "is that it's across any kind of audience,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00069-00020622-00020886": "across any kind of brand or business,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00070-00020886-00021066": "we're seeing more and more of the value", "k4cYpES-_xY-00071-00021066-00021387": "of getting to know people really closely", "k4cYpES-_xY-00072-00021387-00021675": "and specifically for who it is that they are.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00073-00021762-00022068": "I think that's what all of our data-driven work is doing", "k4cYpES-_xY-00074-00022068-00022407": "as we segment out how a campaign is nuancing itself", "k4cYpES-_xY-00075-00022407-00022653": "for every kind of audience it's reaching.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00076-00022653-00022974": "And I'm sure everyone who's tuning in", "k4cYpES-_xY-00077-00022974-00023097": "for something like this,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00078-00023097-00023403": "I think that's something that's top of mind for all of us", "k4cYpES-_xY-00079-00023403-00023658": "from many different vantage points.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00080-00023658-00023853": "But what I'd say about when you talk", "k4cYpES-_xY-00081-00023853-00024102": "to this community specifically,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00082-00024252-00024609": "I think that there's an importance", "k4cYpES-_xY-00083-00024609-00024921": "to keeping up with the tone and the tenor", "k4cYpES-_xY-00084-00024921-00025347": "of how a brand shows up in a valuable and meaningful", "k4cYpES-_xY-00085-00025347-00025764": "and, most of all, authentic way with this community.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00086-00025764-00026016": "Because what defines this community", "k4cYpES-_xY-00087-00026016-00026280": "is something that even though it's gotten a lot better", "k4cYpES-_xY-00088-00026280-00026780": "in recent years in the U.S. in terms of lived experience,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00089-00026802-00027020": "what defines this community is overall,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00090-00027020-00027336": "in the macro picture, at such a pivot point.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00091-00027336-00027669": "And I think every year there are such nuances", "k4cYpES-_xY-00092-00027669-00027945": "to what the community is experiencing.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00093-00027945-00028131": "And that has a lot of implications", "k4cYpES-_xY-00094-00028131-00028347": "for the way that a brand actually shows up,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00095-00028347-00028545": "some of which we're gonna unpack today.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00096-00028926-00029009": "- Thanks, Kirk.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00097-00029009-00029181": "Tim, what are your thoughts?", "k4cYpES-_xY-00098-00029181-00029523": "- Yeah, so to echo what Kirk said there,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00099-00029523-00029927": "I think it's really important", "k4cYpES-_xY-00100-00029927-00030174": "and, as mentioned, very nuanced.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00101-00030174-00030612": "Because one thing that does unite us all as a community", "k4cYpES-_xY-00102-00030612-00030774": "is those shared experiences,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00103-00030774-00031095": "but even within those shared experiences,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00104-00031239-00031664": "there's so many different experiences", "k4cYpES-_xY-00105-00031664-00031995": "and POVs that come into play, and that intersectionality.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00106-00031995-00032187": "And really getting an understanding", "k4cYpES-_xY-00107-00032187-00032687": "of even the different communities within the LGBTQ community", "k4cYpES-_xY-00108-00032925-00033219": "and how you're speaking to them", "k4cYpES-_xY-00109-00033219-00033687": "both broadly as well as specifically and more intimately", "k4cYpES-_xY-00110-00033687-00034056": "around issues that are, say, for instance,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00111-00034056-00034320": "impacting trans youth, for instance.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00112-00034320-00034820": "And as Kurt echoed, how companies are showing up", "k4cYpES-_xY-00113-00034854-00035094": "both during Pride Month and beyond,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00114-00035094-00035502": "and not just how you're marketing to this community,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00115-00035502-00035725": "but kind of the stances that you're taking", "k4cYpES-_xY-00116-00035817-00036204": "and how you're supporting outside of, you know,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00117-00036204-00036435": "just recognizing that they're people", "k4cYpES-_xY-00118-00036435-00036624": "that you need to market to.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00119-00036624-00036858": "And I think another thing that,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00120-00036858-00037358": "you know, just matter of fact and to address it straight on,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00121-00037368-00037509": "is also the purchasing power", "k4cYpES-_xY-00122-00037509-00037980": "of the LGBTQ community and our brand loyalty.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00123-00038121-00038574": "And so that's two things that also really separates us", "k4cYpES-_xY-00124-00038574-00038955": "from a different group of folks", "k4cYpES-_xY-00125-00038955-00039132": "that you may be trying to reach", "k4cYpES-_xY-00126-00039132-00039540": "is, you know, we've got the money to spend as well.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00127-00039540-00039945": "So if you're a brand, that's something", "k4cYpES-_xY-00128-00039945-00040170": "that you're just kind of leaving on the table", "k4cYpES-_xY-00129-00040170-00040272": "if you're not talking to us.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00130-00040272-00040355": "But at the same time,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00131-00040355-00040650": "we're also paying close attention on what you're saying.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00132-00040650-00040733": "So.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00133-00040965-00041166": "- Yeah, I couldn't agree more that one.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00134-00041166-00041381": "And Devin, why do you think it's important?", "k4cYpES-_xY-00135-00041751-00041982": "- Just to kind of echo all of that,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00136-00041982-00042365": "I mean, pandering to this community", "k4cYpES-_xY-00137-00042365-00042636": "is gonna do more harm than good.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00138-00042813-00043062": "As with a lot of diverse groups,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00139-00043062-00043338": "people have stopped kind of accepting", "k4cYpES-_xY-00140-00043338-00043838": "just a little bit of representation one month of the year.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00141-00043980-00044184": "And something we found in our research,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00142-00044184-00044419": "something you can find in your day-to-day life,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00143-00044598-00045045": "people want you to create a corporate culture", "k4cYpES-_xY-00144-00045045-00045222": "that stands with their values.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00145-00045222-00045377": "They want you to...", "k4cYpES-_xY-00146-00045511-00045783": "And that involves inclusive hiring,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00147-00045783-00046143": "that involves going beyond just donations,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00148-00046143-00046548": "that involves taking a stand on political issues,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00149-00046548-00046917": "and not just when it's convenient, but year round,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00150-00046917-00047142": "and making year-round commitments.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00151-00047142-00047642": "So I think the importance of this group is,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00152-00047841-00048105": "I mean, if you make a wrong move,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00153-00048105-00048267": "if you seem like you're pandering,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00154-00048267-00048546": "that's, yeah, like I said, gonna do you more harm than good.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00155-00048546-00049046": "People will not shop at your place of business (chuckling)", "k4cYpES-_xY-00156-00049209-00049431": "if they think that that's what you're doing.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00157-00049431-00049791": "So yeah, it can have a very serious negative effect.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00158-00049937-00050251": "- If I can add a little bit to that.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00159-00050251-00050475": "I think Devin is making such a good point.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00160-00050475-00050805": "And going back to what Tim was saying,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00161-00050805-00051054": "and Devin with a comment about pandering,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00162-00051054-00051309": "but also what Tim was saying about purchasing power,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00163-00051309-00051510": "I think something really important for marketers", "k4cYpES-_xY-00164-00051510-00051819": "to ask themselves is why.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00165-00051819-00052215": "Why are we marketing and even talking", "k4cYpES-_xY-00166-00052215-00052517": "about people's gender or sexual identity", "k4cYpES-_xY-00167-00052517-00052689": "to them in our marketing?", "k4cYpES-_xY-00168-00052689-00052989": "I put gas in the tank of my car,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00169-00052989-00053241": "even though Shell, Chevron, whoever,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00170-00053241-00053586": "hasn't said a thing about my identity to me, you know?", "k4cYpES-_xY-00171-00053586-00053792": "I buy all the time,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00172-00053792-00054036": "and I don't always need to be marketed to", "k4cYpES-_xY-00173-00054036-00054300": "as an LGBTQ individual, right?", "k4cYpES-_xY-00174-00054300-00054606": "That doesn't have to be in every ad that ever reaches me.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00175-00054791-00055146": "And I say that because if you are gonna mention it,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00176-00055146-00055466": "then it shouldn't just be the pandering", "k4cYpES-_xY-00177-00055466-00055655": "of showing up as something", "k4cYpES-_xY-00178-00055655-00055829": "that a brand that might feel", "k4cYpES-_xY-00179-00055829-00056040": "a little bit more familiar to your life,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00180-00056040-00056439": "but it needs to have meaning and purpose.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00181-00056439-00056775": "Why are you talking about this aspect of my identity to me?", "k4cYpES-_xY-00182-00056862-00057132": "Because ultimately, we're talking", "k4cYpES-_xY-00183-00057132-00057632": "about trying to increase sales often for an organization.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00184-00057687-00057960": "So if you're going to involve my identity", "k4cYpES-_xY-00185-00057960-00058266": "and an identity that for so many people in this community", "k4cYpES-_xY-00186-00058266-00058766": "has been filled with a lot of negative moments in their life", "k4cYpES-_xY-00187-00059022-00059522": "and a tough journey to come to embracing that identity,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00188-00059605-00060105": "then show up in a meaningful way and do something", "k4cYpES-_xY-00189-00060276-00060708": "and not just put rainbows on your ads, right?", "k4cYpES-_xY-00190-00060708-00060980": "So perhaps I'm stating the obvious,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00191-00060980-00061379": "but the main point here is there has to be purpose", "k4cYpES-_xY-00192-00061379-00061634": "for why identity is even involved", "k4cYpES-_xY-00193-00061634-00061953": "in the branding or the marketing to begin with.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00194-00062073-00062325": "- Yeah, I agree there, Kirk. There has to be purpose.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00195-00062325-00062535": "And if the answer to the question", "k4cYpES-_xY-00196-00062535-00062703": "of, \"Why are you invoking my identity?\"", "k4cYpES-_xY-00197-00062703-00062889": "is, \"Well, because it's June,\"", "k4cYpES-_xY-00198-00062889-00063174": "I don't think that that's the right answer.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00199-00063174-00063404": "So moving on to our next question.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00200-00063404-00063579": "What do you think people misunderstand", "k4cYpES-_xY-00201-00063579-00063807": "about the LGBTQ+ community?", "k4cYpES-_xY-00202-00064217-00064398": "Tim, do you wanna kick this one off?", "k4cYpES-_xY-00203-00064584-00064734": "Oh, you're on mute.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00204-00064967-00065467": "- Yeah, I think one thing that is misunderstood", "k4cYpES-_xY-00205-00065490-00065990": "just about the LGBTQ community is also, I would say,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00206-00066399-00066666": "especially if you're not part of the community,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00207-00066753-00067185": "just understanding that kind of dissonance and disconnect", "k4cYpES-_xY-00208-00067185-00067685": "of the impact of the issues or things facing our community", "k4cYpES-_xY-00209-00067890-00068118": "and what the queer experiences is.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00210-00068118-00068397": "And we are a group of people that's very resilient,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00211-00068397-00068649": "but to kind of echo what Kirk said,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00212-00068649-00068956": "a lot of our lived experiences", "k4cYpES-_xY-00213-00069096-00069498": "have been supported through some concepts", "k4cYpES-_xY-00214-00069498-00069657": "that aren't necessarily inherent", "k4cYpES-_xY-00215-00069657-00069762": "with other groups of people,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00216-00069762-00070200": "like the strong importance of chosen family", "k4cYpES-_xY-00217-00070200-00070521": "and what family looks like to us,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00218-00070521-00070788": "what relationships look like to us.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00219-00070788-00070986": "And those dynamics,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00220-00071358-00071784": "outside of what a traditional family or friend group", "k4cYpES-_xY-00221-00071784-00071967": "may look like to other folks", "k4cYpES-_xY-00222-00071967-00072294": "and why some messaging may fall flat.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00223-00072384-00072519": "One thing that I have seen a lot", "k4cYpES-_xY-00224-00072519-00072888": "with brands that I've worked with", "k4cYpES-_xY-00225-00072888-00073298": "and something that we do always talk about", "k4cYpES-_xY-00226-00073298-00073710": "is that some of those strong themes of chosen family", "k4cYpES-_xY-00227-00073710-00074210": "and those themes of the resiliency of our community", "k4cYpES-_xY-00228-00074439-00074604": "that we've had to lean on over the years.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00229-00074604-00074790": "And I think that's something", "k4cYpES-_xY-00230-00074790-00075084": "that from the outside looking in", "k4cYpES-_xY-00231-00075084-00075468": "can often get confused or misrepresented,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00232-00075627-00075864": "especially when it comes to marketing.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00233-00075864-00076266": "And just making sure that the issues", "k4cYpES-_xY-00234-00076266-00076422": "you think are important to us", "k4cYpES-_xY-00235-00076422-00076662": "are in fact issues that are important to us, (chuckling)", "k4cYpES-_xY-00236-00076662-00076842": "or this is reflective", "k4cYpES-_xY-00237-00076842-00077277": "of truly what our community looks like,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00238-00077277-00077777": "not just how you perceive the community.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00239-00077778-00078063": "And that's where I think there can often be a disconnect.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00240-00078522-00078692": "- I really appreciate that,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00241-00078692-00078951": "and I agree, and we're gonna get into it a little bit later.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00242-00078951-00079377": "But the importance of speaking to the LGBTQ+ consumers", "k4cYpES-_xY-00243-00079377-00079464": "through market research,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00244-00079464-00079695": "I think you just made a really great case for that.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00245-00079695-00079962": "So I'm excited for that part of the discussion later.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00246-00079962-00080232": "Devin, what would you add to what Tim just said?", "k4cYpES-_xY-00247-00080484-00080904": "- I'd say probably one of the most misunderstood parts", "k4cYpES-_xY-00248-00080904-00081243": "of this community is that it's a very diverse community.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00249-00081369-00081471": "There are a lot of us", "k4cYpES-_xY-00250-00081471-00081756": "who represent a lot of different interests.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00251-00081756-00082034": "I mean, even if you just think about the number of letters.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00252-00082034-00082191": "(chuckles)", "k4cYpES-_xY-00253-00082191-00082449": "And each of those represents", "k4cYpES-_xY-00254-00082449-00082692": "a very different group of people", "k4cYpES-_xY-00255-00082692-00082932": "with a very different queer experience.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00256-00083025-00083340": "So actually in some of the research we did,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00257-00083340-00083550": "a surprisingly huge number", "k4cYpES-_xY-00258-00083550-00083811": "of bisexual women took our survey,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00259-00083811-00084180": "and a lot of them were living heterosexual lives.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00260-00084180-00084366": "And those women still had places", "k4cYpES-_xY-00261-00084366-00084522": "where they felt a sense of pride,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00262-00084522-00084690": "often the pride parade itself.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00263-00084786-00085077": "And compared to lesbian and gay groups,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00264-00085077-00085332": "non-binary and trans groups were a lot more likely", "k4cYpES-_xY-00265-00085332-00085656": "to say they felt underrepresented in advertising and media.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00266-00085656-00085950": "So again, it's just a really diverse group.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00267-00085950-00086190": "It's hard to speak to them all at once,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00268-00086190-00086556": "but it is possible to be supportive of everyone.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00269-00086664-00086847": "All groups wanted brands to stand up", "k4cYpES-_xY-00270-00086847-00087138": "for LGBTQ political issues, as we spoke about earlier.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00271-00087138-00087555": "All groups wanted companies to foster inclusive workplaces.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00272-00087555-00087747": "So there are commitments that brands can make", "k4cYpES-_xY-00273-00087747-00087927": "that matter to everyone,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00274-00087927-00088203": "but it is important to remember", "k4cYpES-_xY-00275-00088203-00088602": "that it's not just gay men, for example.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00276-00088602-00088869": "I think they can be advertised to a lot.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00277-00088869-00089118": "It's not just lesbian women.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00278-00089118-00089532": "I think that's another one that we see a lot of.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00279-00089532-00089772": "It's kind of easy to portray.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00280-00089772-00090037": "There's non-binary, there's trans, there's a lot, so.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00281-00090435-00090663": "- Right. I appreciate you sharing that.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00282-00090663-00090843": "And Kirk, do you have anything to add", "k4cYpES-_xY-00283-00090843-00091041": "about what people may misunderstand", "k4cYpES-_xY-00284-00091041-00091415": "about the LGBTQ+ community and consumer?", "k4cYpES-_xY-00285-00091415-00091915": "- Oh, well, you know, what Devin was just touching on", "k4cYpES-_xY-00286-00091935-00092340": "was actually just such a interesting thing for us to find", "k4cYpES-_xY-00287-00092340-00092691": "when it came to, how do you even define this community?", "k4cYpES-_xY-00288-00092808-00093258": "To what Devin was saying, a number of respondents,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00289-00093258-00093567": "who are all people who self-select,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00290-00093567-00093762": "people who raise their hand", "k4cYpES-_xY-00291-00093762-00094137": "that they had some kind of non-straight sexuality", "k4cYpES-_xY-00292-00094137-00094637": "or non-cis gender identity,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00293-00094830-00095073": "just anyone in the LGBTQ umbrella.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00294-00095214-00095709": "And a number of those people were, on the outside perhaps,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00295-00095709-00095919": "living what might not necessarily", "k4cYpES-_xY-00296-00095919-00096216": "be an obviously queer life.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00297-00096216-00096432": "And so the definition of this community", "k4cYpES-_xY-00298-00096432-00096846": "is a really nebulous concept.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00299-00096846-00097014": "Is it a community", "k4cYpES-_xY-00300-00097014-00097413": "in terms of who publicly gather together in queer spaces?", "k4cYpES-_xY-00301-00097413-00097740": "Is it a community in terms of who takes part", "k4cYpES-_xY-00302-00097740-00098240": "in participating in cause-related things?", "k4cYpES-_xY-00303-00098268-00098616": "Or is it just about who privately identifies", "k4cYpES-_xY-00304-00098616-00098733": "in certain ways?", "k4cYpES-_xY-00305-00098733-00098955": "And there's a gap", "k4cYpES-_xY-00306-00098955-00099222": "in between public identity and private identity.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00307-00099351-00099579": "So it raised a lot of questions for us too,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00308-00099579-00100079": "of when you're even referring to this as a group,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00309-00100287-00100629": "that there's even need to define for yourself", "k4cYpES-_xY-00310-00100629-00101074": "what that group is, at least in a case-by-case basis", "k4cYpES-_xY-00311-00101196-00101381": "for whatever you're trying to tackle.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00312-00101721-00101886": "- Well, I think that's been a great segue", "k4cYpES-_xY-00313-00101886-00102372": "into our next topic, which is, who is the LGBTQ+ consumer?", "k4cYpES-_xY-00314-00102372-00102683": "So, Kirk, I know that you just launched some new research", "k4cYpES-_xY-00315-00102683-00102915": "in collaboration with Suzy and Equal Pride", "k4cYpES-_xY-00316-00102915-00103224": "about LGBTQ+ audiences.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00317-00103224-00103494": "Would love if you can share some high-level learnings", "k4cYpES-_xY-00318-00103494-00103644": "from that research.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00319-00103644-00103752": "- Absolutely.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00320-00103752-00104252": "So this was all overall from a perspective, a hypothesis", "k4cYpES-_xY-00321-00104463-00104808": "that (chuckles) we were not surprised to have confirmed,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00322-00104808-00105078": "that there is room for us to do better,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00323-00105078-00105335": "and that we're here to help our work,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00324-00105335-00105611": "and by our work, I mean us as marketers,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00325-00105611-00106023": "as brand creators, as business leaders,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00326-00106023-00106245": "help our work do better", "k4cYpES-_xY-00327-00106245-00106647": "in how it meaningfully shows up in people's lives,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00328-00106647-00106938": "and in this case, the LGBTQ consumer.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00329-00106938-00107241": "So when we got together", "k4cYpES-_xY-00330-00107241-00107741": "as TBWA\\Chiat\\Day plus Suzy plus Equal Pride,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00331-00107826-00108141": "our goal here was to, through a survey,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00332-00108141-00108454": "identify where there were gaps", "k4cYpES-_xY-00333-00108543-00109034": "in between people and brand experiences.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00334-00109034-00109241": "And how brands could show up", "k4cYpES-_xY-00335-00109241-00109554": "and media could show up in more meaningful ways.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00336-00109713-00109878": "It was a thousand people.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00337-00109878-00110258": "And to the point that Devin and I were just talking about,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00338-00110258-00110529": "it was really interesting to slice that data", "k4cYpES-_xY-00339-00110529-00110612": "in different ways,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00340-00110612-00110984": "because there's such diversity within the LGBTQ community.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00341-00110984-00111264": "And part of our goal in setting out here", "k4cYpES-_xY-00342-00111264-00111753": "was a hypothesis that there would be differences", "k4cYpES-_xY-00343-00111753-00112023": "in how different identities inside of the community", "k4cYpES-_xY-00344-00112023-00112523": "experienced advertising and marketing and all of that.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00345-00112623-00112869": "Sure enough, there was,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00346-00112869-00113124": "but it was a little bit different than we expected.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00347-00113210-00113604": "So I wanna hit some of the key learnings", "k4cYpES-_xY-00348-00113604-00113838": "from that survey here.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00349-00113838-00114252": "One way that people wanted our work to do better", "k4cYpES-_xY-00350-00114252-00114426": "was that they wanted to see themselves", "k4cYpES-_xY-00351-00114426-00114666": "more reflected in the work.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00352-00114666-00115029": "Only about 1/3 of LGBTQ respondents", "k4cYpES-_xY-00353-00115029-00115334": "felt like their LGBTQ identity", "k4cYpES-_xY-00354-00115334-00115680": "was well represented in advertising and marketing.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00355-00115680-00116118": "And we have a whole host, prior to this study,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00356-00116118-00116244": "a whole host of research", "k4cYpES-_xY-00357-00116244-00116487": "about how much representation does matter.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00358-00116574-00116960": "So I don't mean to leave that foundation out here.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00359-00116960-00117308": "But just taking that as a given, then looking at this stat,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00360-00117308-00117579": "that two outta three don't feel", "k4cYpES-_xY-00361-00117579-00117768": "like they're well represented,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00362-00117768-00118071": "or that this part of their identity is well represented.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00363-00118071-00118254": "That's something to take note of.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00364-00118254-00118422": "And it kind of opens the door to,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00365-00118422-00118767": "okay, what are the nuances inside of that?", "k4cYpES-_xY-00366-00118767-00119061": "And do they want to be better represented?", "k4cYpES-_xY-00367-00119258-00119433": "So that led us to this next step.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00368-00119433-00119808": "57% agreed that advertising to the LGBTQ community", "k4cYpES-_xY-00369-00119808-00120066": "played into stereotypes and cliches.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00370-00120190-00120310": "And so it's...", "k4cYpES-_xY-00371-00120509-00120683": "Getting back to that point earlier", "k4cYpES-_xY-00372-00120683-00120983": "of if you're going to show up, then show up right.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00373-00120983-00121272": "It's better to not even get into an aspect", "k4cYpES-_xY-00374-00121272-00121718": "of somebody's identity that can be such a sensitive topic", "k4cYpES-_xY-00375-00121944-00122309": "in good ways and in potentially bad ways,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00376-00122309-00122566": "then it's better to not even get into that", "k4cYpES-_xY-00377-00122652-00122853": "than to get into that in the wrong way.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00378-00122853-00123003": "And we see that time and time again", "k4cYpES-_xY-00379-00123003-00123246": "with brands that have backlash.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00380-00123246-00123411": "And our purpose here isn't to say,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00381-00123411-00123608": "\"Hey, brands, you should be scared.\"", "k4cYpES-_xY-00382-00123608-00123990": "But it is to say, \"Hey, brands, stop and ask yourself,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00383-00123990-00124128": "\"'Why am I doing this?", "k4cYpES-_xY-00384-00124128-00124497": "\"'And if I have good intent,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00385-00124497-00124773": "\"'then have I checked with the community", "k4cYpES-_xY-00386-00124773-00125175": "\"'about the way in which I am actually", "k4cYpES-_xY-00387-00125175-00125448": "\"'trying to connect with them?'\"", "k4cYpES-_xY-00388-00125448-00125727": "Devin, do you wanna speak to some of these other findings", "k4cYpES-_xY-00389-00125727-00125857": "that we had in the survey?", "k4cYpES-_xY-00390-00126003-00126180": "- Yeah, absolutely.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00391-00126180-00126330": "So, yeah, like Kirk said, you know,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00392-00126330-00126597": "also part of our hypothesis was just,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00393-00126597-00126945": "we obviously have a lot of experience", "k4cYpES-_xY-00394-00126945-00127245": "as LGBTQ+ people on the coasts.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00395-00127245-00127401": "And we wanted to see (chuckling)", "k4cYpES-_xY-00396-00127401-00127827": "what it was like for everyone else across America,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00397-00127827-00128001": "to see if they had the same interest as us,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00398-00128001-00128208": "if they felt pride in the same way.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00399-00128208-00128622": "So thankfully, everyone seems to kind of agree", "k4cYpES-_xY-00400-00128622-00129122": "on these three buckets that Kirk already kind of touched on.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00401-00129171-00129456": "55% of LGBTQ+ people", "k4cYpES-_xY-00402-00129456-00129942": "said that advertising meant to reach the community", "k4cYpES-_xY-00403-00129942-00130283": "felt like talking the talk without walking the walk.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00404-00130283-00130431": "So again, as Kirk touched on,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00405-00130431-00130661": "just kind of, like, making sure", "k4cYpES-_xY-00406-00130661-00130857": "that the reason you're doing this", "k4cYpES-_xY-00407-00130857-00131274": "is your heart, your money, your mind,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00408-00131274-00131514": "it's all in the right place. (chuckles)", "k4cYpES-_xY-00409-00131514-00131783": "And then from there, more consistency.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00410-00131783-00132012": "So making sure...", "k4cYpES-_xY-00411-00132012-00132204": "Four out of five LGBTQ+ people", "k4cYpES-_xY-00412-00132204-00132450": "said it's important that brands show their commitment", "k4cYpES-_xY-00413-00132450-00132630": "beyond major moments like Pride.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00414-00132801-00133002": "Again, commitments that you can make", "k4cYpES-_xY-00415-00133002-00133215": "that you can follow up on a year later", "k4cYpES-_xY-00416-00133215-00133557": "that you can continue to do consistently", "k4cYpES-_xY-00417-00133557-00133674": "so that it becomes part", "k4cYpES-_xY-00418-00133674-00134082": "of your not just brand identity but your company identity.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00419-00134208-00134493": "That this is something that you stand for,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00420-00134493-00134715": "I think, is just important for everyone.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00421-00134715-00135045": "So thankfully that was consistent data", "k4cYpES-_xY-00422-00135045-00135334": "across the board. (chuckling)", "k4cYpES-_xY-00423-00135603-00135912": "And I'll hand it back over to you, Kirk, for the next slide.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00424-00136140-00136281": "- Awesome.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00425-00136281-00136575": "So those were just some of the highlights.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00426-00136575-00136979": "And when we publish, we'll get into even more details", "k4cYpES-_xY-00427-00136979-00137316": "with other insights that were pulled from the survey.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00428-00137316-00137461": "But that was from the quantitative side of things.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00429-00137461-00137703": "And it was really important for us to say,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00430-00137703-00138024": "\"Hey, we don't just wanna be marketers", "k4cYpES-_xY-00431-00138024-00138261": "\"inside of our walls, reading survey data,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00432-00138261-00138729": "\"and that being the source of this perspective.\"", "k4cYpES-_xY-00433-00138729-00138861": "So we also...", "k4cYpES-_xY-00434-00138861-00139179": "This is part of why we partnered with the Equal Pride team,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00435-00139179-00139506": "to pull in more of that qualitative aspect as well.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00436-00139611-00140056": "And Tim can speak to some of the amazing people", "k4cYpES-_xY-00437-00140142-00140373": "who gave us their perspective here.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00438-00140463-00140616": "- Yeah, absolutely.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00439-00140616-00140919": "So when we came together on this project,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00440-00140919-00141339": "and in tandem, \"The Advocate,\"", "k4cYpES-_xY-00441-00141339-00141828": "which is our more political publication", "k4cYpES-_xY-00442-00141828-00142086": "that has been around since the '60s,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00443-00142086-00142230": "that it was a vehicle", "k4cYpES-_xY-00444-00142230-00142704": "and continues to be that information resource", "k4cYpES-_xY-00445-00142704-00142902": "for the LGBTQ community", "k4cYpES-_xY-00446-00142902-00143196": "and really addressing a lot of the issues", "k4cYpES-_xY-00447-00143196-00143547": "that face our community on a day-to-day basis.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00448-00143547-00143867": "And so when we partnered up for this...", "k4cYpES-_xY-00449-00144000-00144183": "And then in our upcoming issue,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00450-00144183-00144683": "we'll be highlighting 20 advocates for change.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00451-00144795-00145080": "And these are change-makers from across the country", "k4cYpES-_xY-00452-00145080-00145580": "representing various diverse group of folks,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00453-00145587-00145893": "different background, different queer experiences,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00454-00145893-00146064": "and the active change", "k4cYpES-_xY-00455-00146064-00146463": "that they're bringing to their local communities", "k4cYpES-_xY-00456-00146463-00146841": "as well as the LGBTQ community as a whole.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00457-00146934-00147228": "The first one we polled", "k4cYpES-_xY-00458-00147228-00147519": "and brought some of these same questions", "k4cYpES-_xY-00459-00147519-00147868": "that in addition to gaining the research", "k4cYpES-_xY-00460-00148029-00148278": "through Suzy and working with Chiat,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00461-00148278-00148548": "we additionally went out to these advocates for change", "k4cYpES-_xY-00462-00148548-00148947": "and asked them what they would like to see from brands.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00463-00148947-00149447": "And to really reinforce a lot of these findings", "k4cYpES-_xY-00464-00149673-00149865": "that we worked on together", "k4cYpES-_xY-00465-00149865-00150174": "to pull into these principles for y'all.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00466-00150174-00150486": "So Sameer, Sameer is the founder of the Empathy Project.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00467-00150486-00150986": "At the age of 14, he did a lot of work", "k4cYpES-_xY-00468-00151002-00151212": "and actually put out a book", "k4cYpES-_xY-00469-00151212-00151632": "just as far as really addressing head on", "k4cYpES-_xY-00470-00151632-00152058": "just LGBTQ bullying in high schools", "k4cYpES-_xY-00471-00152058-00152520": "and wrote \"Read This, Save Lives: A Teacher's Guide", "k4cYpES-_xY-00472-00152520-00152931": "\"to Creating Safer Classrooms for LGBTQ+ Students\"", "k4cYpES-_xY-00473-00152931-00153163": "and is now very active", "k4cYpES-_xY-00474-00153357-00153618": "just as far as this advocacy for work.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00475-00153618-00153828": "He's just an incredible person", "k4cYpES-_xY-00476-00153828-00154092": "that I had the opportunity to speak to", "k4cYpES-_xY-00477-00154092-00154287": "while we were covering the shoot,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00478-00154287-00154539": "and is absolutely on fire.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00479-00154539-00154914": "And I expect to see wonderful things from him", "k4cYpES-_xY-00480-00154914-00155265": "as he continues to be a trailblazer for our community.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00481-00155265-00155634": "Zoey Luna is a transgender Latina activist.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00482-00155757-00155880": "Again, highlighted", "k4cYpES-_xY-00483-00155880-00156318": "as one of our advocates for change this year.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00484-00156318-00156474": "She has been,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00485-00156789-00157143": "really not just as far as her professional roles", "k4cYpES-_xY-00486-00157143-00157488": "and creating that trans visibility in Hollywood,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00487-00157488-00157767": "but at the same time does a ton of advocacy work", "k4cYpES-_xY-00488-00157767-00158067": "for LGBTQ youth, specifically trans,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00489-00158067-00158454": "and really speaking out against those issues.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00490-00158454-00158769": "Jillian Orr is a public speaker and BYU grad.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00491-00158769-00159243": "She came onto our radar while she was in college.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00492-00159243-00159561": "And BYU, as part of their honor code,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00493-00159561-00159951": "had woven in LGBTQ relationships.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00494-00159951-00160278": "And that was potentially rights", "k4cYpES-_xY-00495-00160278-00160530": "for them to strip you of your degree", "k4cYpES-_xY-00496-00160530-00160695": "and keep you from graduating.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00497-00160695-00161127": "Since then, she's become very active in the space,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00498-00161127-00161463": "continuing on with that advocacy", "k4cYpES-_xY-00499-00161463-00161829": "there in Utah as well as online.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00500-00161829-00162243": "Miles Mugler is a New York City based activist, model,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00501-00162243-00162618": "and really active in the ballroom scene.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00502-00162618-00162981": "But similarly to these other advocates,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00503-00162981-00163314": "outside of their professional work", "k4cYpES-_xY-00504-00163314-00163646": "and taking up space for the LGBTQ community", "k4cYpES-_xY-00505-00163646-00164073": "and specifically how they represent", "k4cYpES-_xY-00506-00164073-00164192": "and where they come from,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00507-00164192-00164379": "and that intersectionality again", "k4cYpES-_xY-00508-00164379-00164879": "is very active in their local community there in New York", "k4cYpES-_xY-00509-00164931-00165243": "as well as their ball house.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00510-00165243-00165570": "And again, being able to tap", "k4cYpES-_xY-00511-00165570-00165870": "into this diverse group of folks,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00512-00165870-00166239": "but at the same time people who are really at the pulse", "k4cYpES-_xY-00513-00166239-00166569": "of what's happening within their local communities,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00514-00166569-00166842": "and being able to layer that with insights", "k4cYpES-_xY-00515-00166842-00167133": "as it pertains to brands and representation", "k4cYpES-_xY-00516-00167133-00167295": "has been incredible.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00517-00167295-00167795": "Reema, she and her partner started started this podcast,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00518-00168066-00168566": "but as well as a member of my team here at Equal Pride.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00519-00168687-00169187": "And for me having Reema as a resource, not just to have...", "k4cYpES-_xY-00520-00169566-00169932": "You know, one thing that's important to us at Equal Pride", "k4cYpES-_xY-00521-00169932-00170406": "is the diversity of also our employees, our staff,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00522-00170406-00170832": "and really how we're able to bring that value to brands.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00523-00170832-00171093": "And Reema is exactly that.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00524-00171093-00171273": "She brings fresh perspectives,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00525-00171273-00171708": "as well as her own queer experience to the table", "k4cYpES-_xY-00526-00171708-00172104": "as she applies that both to working with brands,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00527-00172104-00172272": "but also the work that she does", "k4cYpES-_xY-00528-00172272-00172461": "in her community in Los Angeles.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00529-00172461-00172771": "So those are our five advocates for change", "k4cYpES-_xY-00530-00172872-00173280": "that, as part of this program, we're really leaning in", "k4cYpES-_xY-00531-00173280-00173460": "and have asked for their expertise", "k4cYpES-_xY-00532-00173460-00173625": "to really help shape these principles", "k4cYpES-_xY-00533-00173625-00173853": "that I think Kirk's gonna dive into next.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00534-00174315-00174450": "- Awesome.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00535-00174450-00174735": "Okay, so we've talked about some highlights", "k4cYpES-_xY-00536-00174735-00174831": "from the research findings.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00537-00174831-00175209": "We've talked about these leaders we had conversations with", "k4cYpES-_xY-00538-00175209-00175488": "who gave us some really candid takes.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00539-00175599-00175905": "When we published a piece on this,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00540-00175905-00176205": "some of their quotes just, like, hit to the heart of things,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00541-00176205-00176628": "like, no holds barred in a really helpful way.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00542-00176628-00176940": "But all of that led us to five guiding principles.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00543-00176940-00177308": "Again, our goal here isn't to scare brands", "k4cYpES-_xY-00544-00177308-00177429": "and say you shouldn't.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00545-00177429-00177777": "But it's to say, \"Hey, it's awesome that you wanna do this.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00546-00177777-00178190": "\"If you're gonna, here are five considerations.\"", "k4cYpES-_xY-00547-00178287-00178491": "And I think what we found here", "k4cYpES-_xY-00548-00178491-00178818": "was actually super interesting for us", "k4cYpES-_xY-00549-00178818-00178987": "and has already been useful", "k4cYpES-_xY-00550-00179100-00179409": "in some of the work that we were even doing", "k4cYpES-_xY-00551-00179409-00179613": "throughout the last couple of months.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00552-00179760-00180135": "The first one was, \"Commitments over calendars.\"", "k4cYpES-_xY-00553-00180135-00180309": "This was all about...", "k4cYpES-_xY-00554-00180309-00180564": "What was so clear from the research", "k4cYpES-_xY-00555-00180564-00180738": "and from the people that we talked to was,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00556-00180738-00180987": "\"Hey, this is not just a message for a month.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00557-00180987-00181213": "\"This is not about like putting", "k4cYpES-_xY-00558-00181213-00181590": "\"a nice little creative asset out there in June", "k4cYpES-_xY-00559-00181590-00181827": "\"or just putting another product on shelf.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00560-00181827-00181914": "\"That's awesome.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00561-00181914-00182121": "\"But that's gotta be part of a bigger picture.\"", "k4cYpES-_xY-00562-00182121-00182316": "What we wanna see to that point", "k4cYpES-_xY-00563-00182316-00182526": "that Devin made earlier around,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00564-00182526-00182859": "we had that stat of skepticism of talking the talk", "k4cYpES-_xY-00565-00182859-00183096": "without companies also walking the walk.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00566-00183096-00183342": "People wanted to see a year-round commitment.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00567-00183492-00183684": "This was affirming", "k4cYpES-_xY-00568-00183684-00184140": "what a few of us had heard from different angles previously.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00569-00184140-00184380": "Tim and the Equal Pride team have a whole principle", "k4cYpES-_xY-00570-00184380-00184575": "about Pride 365.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00571-00184575-00184944": "That's about having that year-round view", "k4cYpES-_xY-00572-00184944-00185436": "and not just a June-centric view or a June-only view.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00573-00185577-00185919": "And so we wanted to start with this one,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00574-00185919-00186119": "because it's just the most foundational,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00575-00186240-00186495": "that for a brand to show up", "k4cYpES-_xY-00576-00186495-00186678": "in a meaningful way with this audience", "k4cYpES-_xY-00577-00186678-00187178": "has to be a year-round commitment and not just a calendar.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00578-00187215-00187650": "Here's why I think, just more proof that that matters,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00579-00187650-00187995": "is a lot of brands who have put out messaging", "k4cYpES-_xY-00580-00187995-00188433": "that has been, on its own, you know, perfectly fine,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00581-00188433-00188787": "but did not couple that messaging with proof", "k4cYpES-_xY-00582-00188787-00189036": "or reference of what their actions are,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00583-00189036-00189237": "what their commitments are.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00584-00189237-00189603": "Even those brands, they might have a 100 score from the HRC,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00585-00189885-00190059": "they might be doing all of the right things,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00586-00190059-00190272": "but when they put out just their voice", "k4cYpES-_xY-00587-00190272-00190629": "and didn't couple that with proof of their actions,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00588-00190629-00190899": "even those brands have gotten called out.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00589-00190899-00191154": "Now, if you pause for a second,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00590-00191154-00191385": "then it's, should they be called out?", "k4cYpES-_xY-00591-00191385-00191505": "No.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00592-00191505-00191883": "But the reality is that they're speaking to a community", "k4cYpES-_xY-00593-00191883-00192227": "that has had to put up with so much", "k4cYpES-_xY-00594-00192227-00192513": "from so many brands rainbow washing", "k4cYpES-_xY-00595-00192513-00193011": "and just trying to pander to this community,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00596-00193011-00193362": "that a lot of people, a lot of consumers, are on high alert", "k4cYpES-_xY-00597-00193362-00193665": "and have a lot of doubts and questions", "k4cYpES-_xY-00598-00193665-00193920": "about whether companies are doing things", "k4cYpES-_xY-00599-00193920-00194088": "coming from the right place.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00600-00194088-00194412": "And so I think that's a good lesson,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00601-00194412-00194643": "to always think about how your message", "k4cYpES-_xY-00602-00194643-00194862": "is paired with your action.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00603-00194997-00195497": "The second one was about how brands get ideas", "k4cYpES-_xY-00604-00195519-00195777": "that reach this community.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00605-00195777-00195909": "And what we heard,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00606-00195909-00196110": "especially from the qualitative side of things", "k4cYpES-_xY-00607-00196110-00196332": "talking to these real advocates,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00608-00196332-00196623": "was about the importance of collaborating,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00609-00196623-00196977": "and just never co-opting an idea.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00610-00196977-00197115": "So there are a lot of people", "k4cYpES-_xY-00611-00197115-00197496": "who are already leaders inside of this community,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00612-00197496-00197724": "whether they're influencers online,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00613-00197724-00197988": "whether they are trendsetters online,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00614-00197988-00198249": "or if they're people who are doing the work", "k4cYpES-_xY-00615-00198249-00198498": "inside of a lot of community organizations.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00616-00198498-00198891": "Those are the voices that brands should first turn to", "k4cYpES-_xY-00617-00198891-00199391": "to try to amplify before showing up, trying to appear", "k4cYpES-_xY-00618-00199512-00199737": "as though it's just a message from the brand.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00619-00199827-00200142": "We have seen, even this past month,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00620-00200229-00200679": "a lot of frustration from the community of brands", "k4cYpES-_xY-00621-00200679-00201179": "who leaned into different trends or shared ideas", "k4cYpES-_xY-00622-00201354-00201846": "that made for perfectly fine marketing material,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00623-00201846-00202104": "but took those ideas from people", "k4cYpES-_xY-00624-00202104-00202383": "who were actual leaders in the community.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00625-00202383-00202671": "And the reason that it's so important to amplify those", "k4cYpES-_xY-00626-00202671-00202941": "is, again, because as a brand,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00627-00202941-00203271": "ultimately, a lot of this comes back to,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00628-00203271-00203538": "you're going to profit from this.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00629-00203538-00203817": "And so if you're going to take an idea from this community", "k4cYpES-_xY-00630-00203817-00204063": "in order to supposedly show up (chuckles)", "k4cYpES-_xY-00631-00204063-00204528": "for this community, then please amplify those voices,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00632-00204528-00204968": "give people a platform who are already leading these ideas", "k4cYpES-_xY-00633-00205128-00205272": "and leading this community.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00634-00205598-00205725": "Those were the first two.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00635-00205725-00206088": "Devin, do you wanna speak to a couple of these other ones?", "k4cYpES-_xY-00636-00206088-00206283": "- Yeah, absolutely.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00637-00206283-00206685": "So something we've definitely spoken about already", "k4cYpES-_xY-00638-00206685-00206931": "is just expanding queer inclusion.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00639-00207256-00207339": "Of the people surveyed,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00640-00207339-00207642": "people who identified as trans, genderqueer, and non-binary", "k4cYpES-_xY-00641-00207642-00208053": "were on average 50% more likely to say that their gender", "k4cYpES-_xY-00642-00208053-00208271": "was the most important part of their identity", "k4cYpES-_xY-00643-00208271-00208473": "that they wanted to see represented", "k4cYpES-_xY-00644-00208473-00208844": "in advertising and media targeted at the community.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00645-00208844-00209109": "And they were also, when you flip the coin,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00646-00209109-00209235": "the people who were most likely", "k4cYpES-_xY-00647-00209235-00209637": "to say they felt the least represented. (chuckles)", "k4cYpES-_xY-00648-00209637-00210006": "So there's just a huge market there.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00649-00210006-00210110": "There's a lot of people.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00650-00210110-00210564": "Like we said, it's a diverse community.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00651-00210564-00210816": "And some of these stories,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00652-00210816-00211005": "I mean, great that they're being told,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00653-00211005-00211230": "but they've been told a lot of times.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00654-00211317-00211571": "And, you know, the flag was updated this year.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00655-00211571-00211977": "I think it's time to kind of refresh advertising", "k4cYpES-_xY-00656-00211977-00212423": "and media as well to be just a lot more inclusive.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00657-00212423-00212754": "Which takes time. But I think we're there.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00658-00212754-00213084": "And then going into number four,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00659-00213084-00213417": "showing authentic and everyday experiences.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00660-00213546-00213813": "Something that once the commitments have been made,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00661-00213813-00214005": "year-round commitments,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00662-00214005-00214266": "once you've kind of proven yourself", "k4cYpES-_xY-00663-00214266-00214551": "to be a brand that's on our side,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00664-00214680-00214967": "the most important thing in advertising and media", "k4cYpES-_xY-00665-00214967-00215298": "is to show authentic moments.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00666-00215298-00215619": "That's kind of where everyone aligned on.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00667-00215619-00216044": "The most important parts were showing real experiences,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00668-00216044-00216411": "real traumas, real joys that we feel as a community.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00669-00216411-00216639": "Because we do all feel those things.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00670-00216639-00216807": "And part of that is,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00671-00216807-00217050": "as our friends at Equal Pride have said before,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00672-00217050-00217271": "making sure that you have talent", "k4cYpES-_xY-00673-00217271-00217461": "on both sides of the camera,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00674-00217461-00217667": "making sure you have writers and producers", "k4cYpES-_xY-00675-00217667-00218061": "that are genuinely a part of the community (chuckling)", "k4cYpES-_xY-00676-00218061-00218253": "so that you don't get it wrong.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00677-00218253-00218589": "And then using authentically queer talent.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00678-00218589-00218826": "Because that's also important", "k4cYpES-_xY-00679-00218826-00219156": "when you're trying to (chuckles) describe these moments,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00680-00219156-00219480": "is to have people who've been through them before.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00681-00219480-00219892": "So yeah, I think that those are some", "k4cYpES-_xY-00682-00219892-00220137": "of the more important ones that we came up with as well.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00683-00220137-00220340": "And then kicking it back over to you, Kirk.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00684-00220434-00220536": "- Awesome.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00685-00220536-00220728": "Well, what you were just touching on, Devin,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00686-00220728-00220896": "I think leads into this last one", "k4cYpES-_xY-00687-00220896-00221133": "of having queer creators end to end.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00688-00221219-00221682": "It was super important to this audience,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00689-00221682-00221814": "in both the survey data", "k4cYpES-_xY-00690-00221814-00222156": "and in the advocates that we spoke to,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00691-00222267-00222534": "to have brands show that they're committed", "k4cYpES-_xY-00692-00222534-00222948": "to queer influence from concepting to creating.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00693-00222948-00223164": "That in every step of the way", "k4cYpES-_xY-00694-00223164-00223533": "of making a message, telling a story,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00695-00223533-00223905": "creating an experience, crafting a commitment,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00696-00223905-00224310": "that they were doing that with real queer leaders", "k4cYpES-_xY-00697-00224310-00224505": "inside of their organization too.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00698-00224667-00225042": "And just speaking from experience,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00699-00225042-00225531": "in how the realities of how you staff projects,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00700-00225531-00225777": "who you have in your teams,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00701-00225777-00226086": "sometimes this requires going outside of your own walls.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00702-00226366-00226632": "In a past life, I was at an agency", "k4cYpES-_xY-00703-00226632-00226851": "where, very parallel to this,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00704-00226851-00227096": "we were trying to show up in a meaningful way", "k4cYpES-_xY-00705-00227096-00227379": "for the Black community on behalf of a brand,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00706-00227379-00227741": "and tried to actually help that brand show up", "k4cYpES-_xY-00707-00227741-00228105": "and take action in a way that the community", "k4cYpES-_xY-00708-00228105-00228398": "was going to appreciate and value.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00709-00228398-00228627": "And in that particular moment in time,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00710-00228627-00228906": "I was not on a particularly ethnically", "k4cYpES-_xY-00711-00228906-00229071": "or racially diverse team.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00712-00229173-00229516": "But what helped get the work really sharp", "k4cYpES-_xY-00713-00229667-00230167": "was making sure that our team was augmented with real voices", "k4cYpES-_xY-00714-00230181-00230681": "from not just audience insights,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00715-00230694-00230921": "but leaders who could shed light", "k4cYpES-_xY-00716-00230921-00231159": "on how to make a point of view", "k4cYpES-_xY-00717-00231159-00231528": "from all of the insights that were sitting in front of them.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00718-00231528-00231969": "And I think that's a big piece of importance here too,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00719-00231969-00232469": "is that we all can have access to insights,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00720-00232491-00232817": "but there are gonna be different perspectives", "k4cYpES-_xY-00721-00232817-00233048": "in how you craft a point of view", "k4cYpES-_xY-00722-00233048-00233280": "from the insights that are available to you.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00723-00233367-00233798": "And that's where the amount of someone's experience", "k4cYpES-_xY-00724-00233798-00234159": "and lived experience inside of a community", "k4cYpES-_xY-00725-00234159-00234543": "or inside of an identity can really make a difference.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00726-00234744-00235002": "So yeah, there you have it.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00727-00235002-00235161": "Those were the five principles", "k4cYpES-_xY-00728-00235161-00235346": "in kind of a nutshell format.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00729-00235346-00235665": "And in the next couple of weeks,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00730-00235665-00236064": "we're gonna be publishing the full-length piece", "k4cYpES-_xY-00731-00236064-00236394": "with a bit of a Pride Month retrospective", "k4cYpES-_xY-00732-00236394-00236784": "and talk about, \"Okay, June has passed.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00733-00236784-00237264": "\"Now for the rest of the year and forever onward,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00734-00237357-00237548": "\"what can brands be doing?\"", "k4cYpES-_xY-00735-00237548-00237825": "And we'll be going deeper in each of these five principles", "k4cYpES-_xY-00736-00237825-00237969": "from both a data perspective.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00737-00237969-00238173": "So if you're hungry to latch onto some data", "k4cYpES-_xY-00738-00238173-00238407": "for any kinda projects you're working on,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00739-00238407-00238776": "there will be a lot more of that inside of what we publish.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00740-00238776-00239055": "As well as quotes that came", "k4cYpES-_xY-00741-00239055-00239409": "from these advocates for change as well.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00742-00239567-00239682": "- Well, thanks so much for that.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00743-00239682-00239907": "I'm really excited to see the report,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00744-00239907-00240234": "and I love the introspective look", "k4cYpES-_xY-00745-00240234-00240498": "back at, \"Okay, June is over, but let's keep in mind,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00746-00240498-00240612": "\"we're gonna keep moving on", "k4cYpES-_xY-00747-00240612-00240942": "\"with always including this audience moving forward.\"", "k4cYpES-_xY-00748-00240942-00241121": "And so thank you so much for sharing that.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00749-00241121-00241290": "And that is a really great segue", "k4cYpES-_xY-00750-00241290-00241641": "into our last and final segment of our conversation today,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00751-00241641-00241994": "which is how to reach the LGBTQ+ consumers", "k4cYpES-_xY-00752-00241994-00242171": "in market research.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00753-00242171-00242337": "Everything you guys were just talking about", "k4cYpES-_xY-00754-00242337-00242514": "was through a market research study,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00755-00242514-00242679": "and I'm sure the audience that's listening", "k4cYpES-_xY-00756-00242679-00242850": "would love to learn a little bit more", "k4cYpES-_xY-00757-00242850-00243063": "about what that exactly means.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00758-00243063-00243296": "So one thing that came up earlier today,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00759-00243296-00243519": "we heard a lot about intersectionality", "k4cYpES-_xY-00760-00243519-00243741": "and how the LGBTQ+ consumers", "k4cYpES-_xY-00761-00243741-00244005": "come from a range of backgrounds.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00762-00244005-00244215": "What should market researchers know", "k4cYpES-_xY-00763-00244215-00244544": "when it comes to reaching LGBTQ+ consumers", "k4cYpES-_xY-00764-00244544-00244926": "and all of their identities and marketing campaigns?", "k4cYpES-_xY-00765-00245271-00245535": "And I'll let Tim kick that off.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00766-00245535-00245634": "- Okay. Yeah.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00767-00245634-00246098": "So just as far as reaching the LGBTQ community", "k4cYpES-_xY-00768-00246456-00246717": "and really taking into account", "k4cYpES-_xY-00769-00246717-00246966": "that lens of intersectionality,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00770-00246966-00247394": "that, I think, should be at the forefront", "k4cYpES-_xY-00771-00247394-00247638": "of what you're thinking through", "k4cYpES-_xY-00772-00247638-00247821": "and the lens that you're applying,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00773-00247821-00247962": "whether it's your market research", "k4cYpES-_xY-00774-00247962-00248256": "and trying from the very beginning", "k4cYpES-_xY-00775-00248256-00248471": "as to trying to define", "k4cYpES-_xY-00776-00248471-00248625": "who it is you're trying to speak with,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00777-00248625-00249125": "but then also understanding that even within that community,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00778-00249255-00249510": "there is so much intersectionality", "k4cYpES-_xY-00779-00249510-00249840": "that you do need to make sure", "k4cYpES-_xY-00780-00249840-00250083": "that unless you're speaking to,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00781-00250083-00250386": "say, directly a trans experience...", "k4cYpES-_xY-00782-00250386-00250548": "And one thing that we're working on", "k4cYpES-_xY-00783-00250548-00250704": "and what's very top of mind right now", "k4cYpES-_xY-00784-00250704-00251121": "is the war in LGBTQ youth and trans youth.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00785-00251121-00251621": "And if you're making, say, a campaign that's around that,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00786-00251862-00252258": "that intersectionality of experiences,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00787-00252258-00252570": "really bringing in, I would say,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00788-00252735-00252930": "doing it so in a way that, you know,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00789-00252930-00253335": "it rallies the whole LGBTQ community behind it", "k4cYpES-_xY-00790-00253335-00253536": "by supporting the issues", "k4cYpES-_xY-00791-00253536-00253742": "and recognizing that intersectionality", "k4cYpES-_xY-00792-00253742-00253884": "within our own community", "k4cYpES-_xY-00793-00253884-00254298": "and garnering support across all of us.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00794-00254298-00254724": "I think that's always, that's where you see,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00795-00254853-00255069": "not just, I would say,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00796-00255069-00255327": "it resonating with a particular group,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00797-00255327-00255483": "but then it reaches the whole group.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00798-00255483-00255717": "If you're paying attention to those internationalities", "k4cYpES-_xY-00799-00255717-00255951": "and the different experiences and the issues", "k4cYpES-_xY-00800-00255951-00256386": "that are potentially impacting our community,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00801-00256386-00256488": "can expand that reach.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00802-00256488-00256823": "And similarly, whether it's not necessarily just an issue,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00803-00256823-00256967": "but maybe something that as a whole,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00804-00256967-00257208": "we also celebrate as a community,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00805-00257208-00257511": "but recognizing the different nuances.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00806-00257511-00257985": "Or people starting to embrace", "k4cYpES-_xY-00807-00257985-00258485": "more gender fluidity and becoming...", "k4cYpES-_xY-00808-00258516-00258726": "That each person's queerness", "k4cYpES-_xY-00809-00258726-00258992": "is kind of unique to themselves.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00810-00258992-00259344": "And that's kind of the beautiful thing about being queer", "k4cYpES-_xY-00811-00259344-00259571": "and the intersectionality within the community,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00812-00259571-00260071": "is that it's kind of defined by each person.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00813-00260094-00260369": "And taking that into account,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00814-00260369-00260802": "that there's not just a rainbow wash or rainbow blanket", "k4cYpES-_xY-00815-00260802-00260979": "that you can put over something", "k4cYpES-_xY-00816-00260979-00261309": "that is going to effectively do that job.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00817-00261309-00261450": "So it's really just getting", "k4cYpES-_xY-00818-00261450-00261717": "to understand all of those pieces,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00819-00261717-00261900": "but how it all connects us all.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00820-00262233-00262338": "- Thanks for sharing that.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00821-00262338-00262596": "And Kirk, Devin, do either of you have any thoughts,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00822-00262596-00262749": "especially thinking about the research", "k4cYpES-_xY-00823-00262749-00263025": "that we were just talking through?", "k4cYpES-_xY-00824-00263025-00263274": "Do you have any additional thoughts on market researchers", "k4cYpES-_xY-00825-00263274-00263541": "and how they should connect with", "k4cYpES-_xY-00826-00263541-00263790": "and reach the LGBTQ+ consumer?", "k4cYpES-_xY-00827-00264174-00264348": "- I think what we were talking about earlier", "k4cYpES-_xY-00828-00264348-00264765": "with define the community on a case-by-case basis,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00829-00264765-00265056": "I think because of what we saw", "k4cYpES-_xY-00830-00265056-00265278": "about what a gap there is", "k4cYpES-_xY-00831-00265278-00265764": "between people who are outwardly living a queer life", "k4cYpES-_xY-00832-00265764-00265974": "and people whose queerness", "k4cYpES-_xY-00833-00265974-00266274": "might be something that's a bit more private to them", "k4cYpES-_xY-00834-00266274-00266628": "or a bit less apparent to others,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00835-00266790-00267006": "and because there's a difference", "k4cYpES-_xY-00836-00267006-00267366": "in the lived experiences as a result of those factors.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00837-00267570-00267690": "For example, yesterday,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00838-00267690-00268170": "we had a guest performance at our agency,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00839-00268170-00268311": "Betty Who, the singer,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00840-00268311-00268811": "and she was making a lot of great commentary", "k4cYpES-_xY-00841-00268824-00269286": "about the different queer lived experiences.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00842-00269286-00269385": "All of them are valid.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00843-00269385-00269613": "All of them are queer experiences", "k4cYpES-_xY-00844-00269613-00269964": "if the person calls it their queer experience. (chuckles)", "k4cYpES-_xY-00845-00269964-00270464": "But there's such a range of what that lived experience is", "k4cYpES-_xY-00846-00270468-00270825": "in terms of amount of tension", "k4cYpES-_xY-00847-00270825-00271056": "that one has had in their life", "k4cYpES-_xY-00848-00271056-00271287": "as a result of their identity.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00849-00271287-00271779": "So I think one thing, when it comes to market research,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00850-00271779-00272094": "is know how you wanna slice your data.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00851-00272094-00272538": "We attempted to do this ourselves", "k4cYpES-_xY-00852-00272538-00272664": "when we were slicing the data", "k4cYpES-_xY-00853-00272664-00273000": "of, okay, do we see any big differences", "k4cYpES-_xY-00854-00273000-00273500": "when you exclude just one particular identity?", "k4cYpES-_xY-00855-00273597-00274005": "So for example, not that this is the crux of our research,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00856-00274005-00274164": "but just to make this tangible,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00857-00274164-00274443": "we decided to do one view of the data,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00858-00274443-00274731": "where it removed bisexual women.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00859-00274731-00275103": "And we wanted to see, hey, does that actually lead us", "k4cYpES-_xY-00860-00275103-00275331": "to, like, meaningfully different insights?", "k4cYpES-_xY-00861-00275331-00275547": "And there were places where no,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00862-00275547-00275874": "it's the same core sentiment.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00863-00275874-00276051": "And then there were places where we're like,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00864-00276051-00276279": "\"Oh, that's actually interesting.\"", "k4cYpES-_xY-00865-00276279-00276627": "That when you section out particular identities,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00866-00276627-00276828": "just like you would do in any other kind of survey,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00867-00276828-00277125": "if you were comparing white consumers and Black consumers,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00868-00277125-00277362": "because of how much diversity there is here,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00869-00277362-00277551": "even inside of the LGBTQ,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00870-00277752-00277959": "it's worth slicing your data", "k4cYpES-_xY-00871-00277959-00278295": "even by in individual identities inside of that.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00872-00278388-00278529": "- I think that's a really great point", "k4cYpES-_xY-00873-00278529-00278880": "that a lot of times the LGBTQ+ community", "k4cYpES-_xY-00874-00278880-00279111": "just gets lumped together as that community,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00875-00279111-00279315": "when in reality, there's, as you say,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00876-00279315-00279492": "a lot of different ways that you can slice it.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00877-00279492-00279633": "And you need to kind of keep that in mind", "k4cYpES-_xY-00878-00279633-00279732": "when you're trying to think,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00879-00279732-00279867": "\"Well, how do I reach this audience?\"", "k4cYpES-_xY-00880-00279867-00280043": "Because there's nuances within that.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00881-00280043-00280440": "And you brought up a great point about the data", "k4cYpES-_xY-00882-00280440-00280614": "when it comes to bisexual women,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00883-00280614-00280836": "who I think, Devin, earlier, you mentioned", "k4cYpES-_xY-00884-00280836-00281088": "that was one of the more surprising parts of the research,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00885-00281088-00281394": "was what resonates with them.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00886-00281394-00281601": "I'd love to know what other surprises", "k4cYpES-_xY-00887-00281601-00281853": "you found within the research, if any.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00888-00282396-00282479": "- Sorry.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00889-00282615-00282819": "I would say, I mean, there were some surprises.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00890-00282819-00283248": "Like, in total of the people we surveyed,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00891-00283248-00283476": "a lot of them put their sexual identity", "k4cYpES-_xY-00892-00283476-00283617": "as being more important to them", "k4cYpES-_xY-00893-00283617-00284053": "in seeing being represented in advertising and media", "k4cYpES-_xY-00894-00284154-00284277": "than, for example,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00895-00284277-00284562": "their cultural or their ethnic identity.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00896-00284562-00284793": "And then when you break out the data,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00897-00284793-00285114": "you realize (chuckling) that a lot of the people surveyed", "k4cYpES-_xY-00898-00285114-00285285": "were white, which is fine.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00899-00285369-00285747": "But, you know, then for example, Black and Asian groups", "k4cYpES-_xY-00900-00285747-00285915": "felt that their cultural identity", "k4cYpES-_xY-00901-00285915-00286167": "meant more to them to see represented,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00902-00286167-00286410": "which makes complete and total sense.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00903-00286410-00286644": "So just kind of doing little things like that,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00904-00286644-00287073": "making sure that we actually took a look", "k4cYpES-_xY-00905-00287073-00287328": "to understand where the totals were coming from,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00906-00287328-00287445": "like Kirk was saying.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00907-00287622-00287865": "To kind of nuance.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00908-00287865-00288207": "'Cause I mean, for a second I was like, \"Really? (chuckles)", "k4cYpES-_xY-00909-00288207-00288360": "\"For everyone?\"", "k4cYpES-_xY-00910-00288360-00288555": "But that obviously is not the case. (chuckling)", "k4cYpES-_xY-00911-00288555-00288873": "So what other surprises?", "k4cYpES-_xY-00912-00288873-00289101": "I mean, that was a big one.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00913-00289101-00289440": "I think another surprise for me", "k4cYpES-_xY-00914-00289440-00289791": "was where people felt the biggest sense of pride", "k4cYpES-_xY-00915-00289791-00289965": "in the last year.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00916-00289965-00290178": "Everyone kind of agreed on the pride parade,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00917-00290178-00290442": "but then after that, for example,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00918-00290442-00290942": "a lot of people agreed just seeing queer representation", "k4cYpES-_xY-00919-00291084-00291414": "in television, like screenings and movies.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00920-00291414-00291696": "I think kind of a lot of people felt a sense of pride there.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00921-00291696-00291918": "So it felt like maybe something...", "k4cYpES-_xY-00922-00291918-00292206": "Again, once you've made your commitments", "k4cYpES-_xY-00923-00292206-00292497": "that you could tap into as a marketer,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00924-00292497-00292830": "just like culture, because that is...", "k4cYpES-_xY-00925-00292830-00293088": "For example, if there's a character on a show", "k4cYpES-_xY-00926-00293088-00293286": "that's just, like, beloved,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00927-00293286-00293769": "that could be helpful for your campaign.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00928-00293769-00293985": "So things like that.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00929-00293985-00294126": "I thought people would kind of feel", "k4cYpES-_xY-00930-00294126-00294260": "more of a sense of pride, for example,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00931-00294260-00294582": "in a neighborhood like West Hollywood for us here in L.A.,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00932-00294582-00294966": "but it was not that. (chuckles)", "k4cYpES-_xY-00933-00294966-00295131": "- And I think you brought up a great point", "k4cYpES-_xY-00934-00295131-00295458": "about brands and what they can do.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00935-00295458-00295680": "And we've kind of talked throughout,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00936-00295680-00295794": "one of the themes running throughout", "k4cYpES-_xY-00937-00295794-00296214": "was market to us, market to LGBTQ+ consumers", "k4cYpES-_xY-00938-00296214-00296457": "throughout the year, don't rainbow wash.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00939-00296457-00296664": "So I have a question for you all.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00940-00296664-00296892": "What do you think brands can and should do", "k4cYpES-_xY-00941-00296892-00297291": "when it comes to the LGBTQ+ and queer movement?", "k4cYpES-_xY-00942-00297291-00297414": "What is their role?", "k4cYpES-_xY-00943-00297789-00298140": "- I think that what we heard loud and clear", "k4cYpES-_xY-00944-00298140-00298536": "from the community, was that it's action first and foremost,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00945-00298536-00298857": "and it's start with your own self.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00946-00298857-00299106": "We gave people a list of choices,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00947-00299106-00299496": "and then we asked them to rank what was most important.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00948-00299496-00299598": "And it included things", "k4cYpES-_xY-00949-00299598-00299928": "like including LGBTQ people in their media.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00950-00300084-00300584": "It included donating to causes for the community,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00951-00300930-00301374": "having employees volunteer for causes for the community,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00952-00301476-00301976": "having their own internal employer policies", "k4cYpES-_xY-00953-00302028-00302241": "that were uplifting", "k4cYpES-_xY-00954-00302241-00302741": "to their own employees of LGBTQ identities.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00955-00302817-00303171": "And what was resoundingly at the top of the list", "k4cYpES-_xY-00956-00303171-00303354": "was start with your own employees,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00957-00303354-00303543": "which was not necessarily", "k4cYpES-_xY-00958-00303543-00303888": "what we thought we would hear from consumers.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00959-00303972-00304164": "But there was a strong desire", "k4cYpES-_xY-00960-00304164-00304467": "to get your own ship in order first", "k4cYpES-_xY-00961-00304467-00304686": "before you come knocking on my door", "k4cYpES-_xY-00962-00304686-00305055": "and talking to me about this part of who I am. (chuckling)", "k4cYpES-_xY-00963-00305055-00305211": "And so get your own ship in order.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00964-00305211-00305612": "And then next was about...", "k4cYpES-_xY-00965-00305748-00305859": "I believe the next one", "k4cYpES-_xY-00966-00305859-00306312": "was then about words and actions for the community.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00967-00306312-00306558": "And then things like donations", "k4cYpES-_xY-00968-00306558-00306987": "and employees volunteering came a little bit lower.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00969-00307104-00307293": "Not that those aren't worth mentioning.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00970-00307293-00307413": "There's certainly moments", "k4cYpES-_xY-00971-00307413-00307905": "where it's a helpful proof point of credibility", "k4cYpES-_xY-00972-00307905-00308106": "to reference what your own employees are doing", "k4cYpES-_xY-00973-00308106-00308337": "or that you did put some money behind things.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00974-00308424-00308799": "But people wanted to see", "k4cYpES-_xY-00975-00308799-00309036": "that you were being good to your own people", "k4cYpES-_xY-00976-00309036-00309426": "and then representing them in your messaging.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00977-00309870-00309954": "- Thanks for that, Kirk.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00978-00309954-00310179": "And I'd like to get Tim's perspective too.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00979-00310179-00310557": "I know you work so much with the LGBTQ+ community.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00980-00310557-00310773": "What do you think brands should do", "k4cYpES-_xY-00981-00310773-00310983": "when thinking of reaching them?", "k4cYpES-_xY-00982-00310983-00311313": "- Yeah, so over the years,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00983-00311430-00311769": "I've seen a lot of brands get it right", "k4cYpES-_xY-00984-00311769-00311916": "and a lot of brands get it wrong.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00985-00311916-00312360": "And I think one of the biggest pieces here,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00986-00312468-00312867": "having worked with brands big and small,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00987-00312867-00313367": "is really partnering and leaning", "k4cYpES-_xY-00988-00313548-00313893": "on the folks in the LGBTQ community", "k4cYpES-_xY-00989-00313893-00314136": "to really help shape and bring this to life.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00990-00314136-00314307": "I can tell you where the magic happens,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00991-00314307-00314436": "and it's been times", "k4cYpES-_xY-00992-00314436-00314701": "where even touching back onto these principles", "k4cYpES-_xY-00993-00314823-00315243": "is, you know, having it be queer nuts to bolts,", "k4cYpES-_xY-00994-00315243-00315549": "especially if that's the audience", "k4cYpES-_xY-00995-00315549-00315705": "that you're trying to reach authentically.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00996-00315705-00315963": "That means leveraging queer talent", "k4cYpES-_xY-00997-00315963-00316254": "in front of the camera, behind the camera.", "k4cYpES-_xY-00998-00316464-00316890": "Recognizing or leaning on the LGBTQ folks", "k4cYpES-_xY-00999-00316890-00317007": "within your own company", "k4cYpES-_xY-01000-00317007-00317220": "and looking at what you're doing", "k4cYpES-_xY-01001-00317220-00317463": "and leaning on on those folks", "k4cYpES-_xY-01002-00317463-00317961": "to help guide any sort of LGBTQ initiative", "k4cYpES-_xY-01003-00317961-00318171": "versus leaning on other folks", "k4cYpES-_xY-01004-00318171-00318402": "who don't have that same experience", "k4cYpES-_xY-01005-00318402-00318597": "or are not a part of the community.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01006-00318720-00318822": "Outside of that,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01007-00318822-00319170": "and I think one thing that we haven't touched on on yet too,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01008-00319170-00319314": "is when you're looking", "k4cYpES-_xY-01009-00319314-00319677": "at how you're planning to amplify your program", "k4cYpES-_xY-01010-00319677-00320088": "and the vehicles that you're leveraging", "k4cYpES-_xY-01011-00320088-00320418": "to help make your campaign successful,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01012-00320418-00320918": "that also goes down to, are you leveraging LGBTQ marketing?", "k4cYpES-_xY-01013-00320943-00321219": "What avenues are you tapping into", "k4cYpES-_xY-01014-00321219-00321606": "to make sure that you're reaching that?", "k4cYpES-_xY-01015-00321606-00321759": "That includes queer media,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01016-00321759-00321924": "whether it's Equal Pride", "k4cYpES-_xY-01017-00321924-00322188": "or one of the other players in the market.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01018-00322365-00322632": "How are you amplifying that?", "k4cYpES-_xY-01019-00322776-00323130": "Outside of that, at the same time,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01020-00323373-00323760": "like, when looking at talent for campaigns, for instance.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01021-00323760-00323946": "You know, Kirk touched on it.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01022-00323946-00324261": "And I think, if you were to ask me,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01023-00324411-00324840": "these guiding principles are really nail in the head", "k4cYpES-_xY-01024-00324840-00325155": "in what we've been also trying to reinforce", "k4cYpES-_xY-01025-00325155-00325415": "and always advise our brands that we're working with", "k4cYpES-_xY-01026-00325605-00325952": "kind of along these same principles.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01027-00325952-00326205": "But even from a talent POV,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01028-00326512-00326994": "to me, and what I find most impactful,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01029-00326994-00327357": "is yes, while you can work with an LGBTQ celebrity", "k4cYpES-_xY-01030-00327357-00327492": "that may have the reach,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01031-00327492-00327992": "and you're using them as that vehicle to help amplify that.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01032-00328032-00328434": "And there is absolutely value there.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01033-00328434-00328737": "But at the same time, what I find more impactful", "k4cYpES-_xY-01034-00328737-00329028": "and what resonates and comes across a lot more authentic", "k4cYpES-_xY-01035-00329028-00329202": "and more successful for brands", "k4cYpES-_xY-01036-00329202-00329610": "is partnering with and collaborating", "k4cYpES-_xY-01037-00329610-00329991": "with the LGBTQ and queer creatives.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01038-00329991-00330306": "And as part of this program,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01039-00330306-00330570": "what am I doing outside of just hiring them,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01040-00330570-00330792": "but am I giving them that visibility?", "k4cYpES-_xY-01041-00330792-00331236": "Am I providing a platform for representation", "k4cYpES-_xY-01042-00331236-00331686": "and really helping elevate queer voices", "k4cYpES-_xY-01043-00331686-00332186": "versus, you know, going to say, someone,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01044-00332310-00332550": "while part of the community, may not be in a place", "k4cYpES-_xY-01045-00332550-00332886": "that truly is at that place in their career,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01046-00332886-00333318": "or come from circumstances that could use the help", "k4cYpES-_xY-01047-00333318-00333603": "that you're able to provide,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01048-00333603-00333867": "whether it's being in your campaign", "k4cYpES-_xY-01049-00333867-00334134": "or that storytelling that's involved,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01050-00334263-00334599": "kind of creating that arc with your campaign.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01051-00334599-00335099": "And then it touches back to the action piece as a brand,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01052-00335115-00335367": "not just internally, but at the same time,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01053-00335475-00335730": "the support that you are bringing to the community", "k4cYpES-_xY-01054-00335730-00336084": "through how you're producing your campaigns.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01055-00336084-00336450": "And that action is how you're hiring your talent,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01056-00336450-00336804": "who you're using behind and in front of the camera,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01057-00336972-00337137": "who within your organization", "k4cYpES-_xY-01058-00337137-00337380": "that you're allowing to maybe touch this project", "k4cYpES-_xY-01059-00337380-00337509": "and really drive this forward", "k4cYpES-_xY-01060-00337509-00337719": "and giving them an opportunity to shine.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01061-00337719-00337911": "There's all sorts of ways", "k4cYpES-_xY-01062-00337911-00338256": "that the campaign that you're working on", "k4cYpES-_xY-01063-00338256-00338535": "can be above and beyond.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01064-00338535-00338823": "And that's where that authenticity shines through,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01065-00338823-00339078": "is if you've got folks making queer magic", "k4cYpES-_xY-01066-00339078-00339318": "from the very beginning, collaborating together.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01067-00339612-00339789": "- Well, thank you so much for sharing that.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01068-00339789-00340041": "And this brings us to our last question.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01069-00340041-00340278": "So there have been four of us talking today,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01070-00340278-00340641": "and we're all members of the LGBTQ+ community.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01071-00340641-00340770": "The last question here is,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01072-00340770-00340953": "what do you want your colleagues to understand", "k4cYpES-_xY-01073-00340953-00341175": "about why you are particularly passionate", "k4cYpES-_xY-01074-00341175-00341316": "about this topic?", "k4cYpES-_xY-01075-00341316-00341547": "I'd actually like to kick this off myself.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01076-00341547-00341904": "As fun as June has been for a celebration of pride", "k4cYpES-_xY-01077-00341904-00342078": "and all of the progress that we've made,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01078-00342078-00342264": "the reason I'm really passionate about this topic", "k4cYpES-_xY-01079-00342264-00342522": "is because it's still an active fight.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01080-00342522-00342720": "You see laws being passed in Florida", "k4cYpES-_xY-01081-00342720-00342879": "and all around the country.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01082-00342879-00343200": "You see young trans kids struggling", "k4cYpES-_xY-01083-00343200-00343389": "and being told that they're different", "k4cYpES-_xY-01084-00343389-00343545": "and shouldn't be treated the same.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01085-00343545-00343962": "So for me, what I'd want my Suzy coworkers to know", "k4cYpES-_xY-01086-00343962-00344082": "is that I'm passionate about it", "k4cYpES-_xY-01087-00344082-00344280": "because as much as it's a celebration,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01088-00344280-00344541": "it's also still a fight.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01089-00344541-00344751": "And with that, I'll kick it off to Kirk.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01090-00344954-00345258": "- 100% agree with that, Kenny.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01091-00345582-00345954": "We want brands to be speaking up.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01092-00345954-00346209": "I think maybe that's where we should have started,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01093-00346209-00346560": "because we instantly got into the different dimensions", "k4cYpES-_xY-01094-00346560-00346701": "of how do you do this in the right way.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01095-00346701-00346872": "But let it be clear", "k4cYpES-_xY-01096-00346872-00347043": "that not just the four people on this line,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01097-00347043-00347229": "but consumers overwhelmingly.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01098-00347229-00347535": "We had a stat that was nearly 80% of consumers", "k4cYpES-_xY-01099-00347535-00347822": "saying that they have chosen", "k4cYpES-_xY-01100-00347822-00348322": "to give their dollars to brands whose words or actions", "k4cYpES-_xY-01101-00348471-00348753": "were positively impacting the community.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01102-00348753-00349122": "And almost the exact same statistic for the number of people", "k4cYpES-_xY-01103-00349122-00349464": "who said they have chosen not to give their money to brands", "k4cYpES-_xY-01104-00349464-00349699": "whose words or actions have hurt the community.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01105-00349881-00350381": "When there is an active fight, which there will always be,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01106-00350394-00350817": "we do want for brands to throw their weight behind this.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01107-00350817-00350979": "And it does matter.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01108-00350979-00351237": "It's just that one thing we have to consider", "k4cYpES-_xY-01109-00351237-00351345": "in the world of marketing", "k4cYpES-_xY-01110-00351345-00351627": "is that ultimately a company is trying to profit.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01111-00351627-00352074": "And so that necessitates a lens", "k4cYpES-_xY-01112-00352074-00352344": "on the way in which you speak up", "k4cYpES-_xY-01113-00352344-00352515": "on behalf of this community.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01114-00352515-00352785": "Let it be truly on behalf of this community.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01115-00353211-00353466": "- And Tim, what are your closing thoughts here?", "k4cYpES-_xY-01116-00353586-00354023": "- You know, similarly, touching on your point,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01117-00354023-00354390": "there's aspects of LGBTQ marketing", "k4cYpES-_xY-01118-00354390-00354654": "that is the flash, the pop, the fun,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01119-00354654-00354936": "the drag queens, the pride.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01120-00354936-00355359": "But one thing that I have absolutely loved", "k4cYpES-_xY-01121-00355359-00355788": "about being active in this space,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01122-00355788-00356288": "and especially with brands that are doing it right,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01123-00356313-00356813": "is you get to see the impact and the meaning", "k4cYpES-_xY-01124-00357006-00357153": "behind the work that you're doing", "k4cYpES-_xY-01125-00357153-00357498": "and how it really is serving", "k4cYpES-_xY-01126-00357498-00357732": "something larger than yourself", "k4cYpES-_xY-01127-00357732-00358232": "and really helping to propel our community forward.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01128-00358263-00358545": "And for me, you know,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01129-00358545-00358971": "I work across a lot of brand partnerships and campaigns,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01130-00358971-00359471": "and it is me, in a lot of instances, hiring,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01131-00359757-00360216": "hiring camera crews, production nuts to bolts,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01132-00360216-00360561": "and being able to provide", "k4cYpES-_xY-01133-00360561-00360936": "folks within our community those opportunities", "k4cYpES-_xY-01134-00360936-00361201": "and giving them their moments to shine", "k4cYpES-_xY-01135-00361314-00361782": "and also having brands garner that support", "k4cYpES-_xY-01136-00361782-00362214": "and also help be a vehicle for that has been truly amazing.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01137-00362214-00362574": "And it's what continues to get me outta bed in the morning.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01138-00362574-00362955": "What has me involved in panels like this", "k4cYpES-_xY-01139-00362955-00363366": "is really the opportunity and the platform", "k4cYpES-_xY-01140-00363366-00363612": "to help drive our community forward.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01141-00363612-00363927": "And what good is this platform, if not to share it?", "k4cYpES-_xY-01142-00363927-00364158": "And that's something that I always like to do.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01143-00364341-00364740": "- And last but not least, Devin, what are your thoughts?", "k4cYpES-_xY-01144-00364950-00365046": "- I'd have to agree with you.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01145-00365046-00365424": "I think it's the next generation.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01146-00365424-00365730": "It's, you know, your best friend's little sister", "k4cYpES-_xY-01147-00365730-00366072": "who just came out as gay to her mom in Texas,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01148-00366072-00366273": "and it didn't exactly go well.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01149-00366273-00366663": "It's the fact that that still happens.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01150-00366783-00367104": "And beyond that, I mean, I went into advertising,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01151-00367104-00367371": "'cause I had a long career news before this,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01152-00367455-00367911": "because I think that brands can make a difference.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01153-00367911-00368124": "I've seen it happen.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01154-00368124-00368361": "Colin Kaepernick and Nike comes to mind.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01155-00368361-00368853": "And when that happens, when that kind of magic happens,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01156-00368853-00369150": "where a brand really does want", "k4cYpES-_xY-01157-00369150-00369510": "to use their money to do good,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01158-00369510-00369879": "and make money, let's be real, (chuckles)", "k4cYpES-_xY-01159-00370183-00370466": "on a global scale, it can make a difference in ways that...", "k4cYpES-_xY-01160-00370572-00370752": "I mean, governments are really slow.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01161-00370752-00371169": "The news is just the same negativity over and over again.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01162-00371169-00371349": "And ads can be fun and cool", "k4cYpES-_xY-01163-00371349-00371844": "and make a difference for people that are coming.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01164-00371844-00372123": "And beyond that, I think things change.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01165-00372309-00372510": "The diversity element that we've talked about a lot,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01166-00372510-00372894": "that's a lot of results of change within our community", "k4cYpES-_xY-01167-00372894-00373188": "over the past few years and growth.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01168-00373188-00373419": "And I think that there's room for us", "k4cYpES-_xY-01169-00373419-00373785": "as marketers to teach brands how to adapt and how to change", "k4cYpES-_xY-01170-00373785-00373974": "and how to make that real difference.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01171-00373974-00374217": "So, yeah. That's me. (chuckles)", "k4cYpES-_xY-01172-00374217-00374514": "- Well, thank you so much, everyone, for joining this.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01173-00374514-00374805": "And sorry we ran a few minutes over,", "k4cYpES-_xY-01174-00374805-00375018": "but I hope everyone that joined", "k4cYpES-_xY-01175-00375018-00375183": "learned something great today.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01176-00375183-00375306": "And a copy of today's webinar", "k4cYpES-_xY-01177-00375306-00375546": "will be available to watch in the upcoming days.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01178-00375546-00375744": "Thanks so much, Kirk, Tim, and Devin.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01179-00375744-00376038": "And until next time, thank you all.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01180-00376167-00376290": "- Thank you.", "k4cYpES-_xY-01181-00376290-00376373": "- Thank you."}}, {"audio_id": "k5UpAEYi4mM", "text": {"k5UpAEYi4mM-00000-00000430-00000630": "Scythe dominator", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00001-00000760-00001150": "To control congestion of reaper Lubis votes on price of blood.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00002-00001150-00001498": "Her power is unpredictable like double edged sword.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00003-00001498-00001884": "She was natural born kid with her destiny imprinted deeply in her blood,", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00004-00001884-00002392": "congestion of reaper have massive power  that harms Elsword’s party.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00005-00002398-00002792": "Massive human blood is required to control the congestion.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00006-00002792-00003176": "It is huge risk to Lubis born between human and reaper,", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00007-00003186-00003572": "and if it makes problem, her body may be cannot hold itself.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00008-00003572-00003972": "Even this risk, Lubis made a firm resolution", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00009-00003986-00004300": "for her dear colleagues, and supervising that", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00010-00004304-00004490": "they keep their destined ‘destiny of death’ correctly.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00011-00004490-00004795": "However, the first ritual was failed", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00012-00004795-00005133": "due to abnormal discriminating value of reaper blood with human blood.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00013-00005160-00005680": "She did not have alternative way, so they visit ‘Chacha Buch’ of Bethma and got solution.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00014-00005680-00005986": "Chacha Buch said crystalizing the power", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00015-00006006-00006442": "In front of the altar of Dragon’s nest, she finally succeeded to crystalizing blood", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00016-00006444-00007068": "that can control congestion of reaper so that ‘the gem’ and its power.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00017-00007092-00007638": "The gem crystalized at that time is ‘Alpnir’ colored purple", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00018-00007814-00008284": "Additionally, this Alpnir refers to each accessory gem in class advancement illusts", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00019-00008284-00008690": "only high executives and her father were able to control it in Salazar.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00020-00008690-00009126": "When she was young, her father ‘Cien Luberion’ worried about her congestion,", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00021-00009140-00009732": "so that he crystalized Alpnir, but as she grew up blood of reaper increased and control was being weaker.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00022-00009732-00010088": "Anyway Lubis got title ‘Scythe dominator’ which means she can control congestion of reaper", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00023-00010108-00010430": "after she succeeded crystalizing,", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00024-00010430-00010906": "but blood of human and blood of reaper assimilated with each other causing increase of unmanageable chaos.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00025-00011180-00011456": "Prison Breaker", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00026-00011570-00011870": "Congestion of her body is being more uncontrollable", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00027-00011870-00012278": "but ‘conntrol’ is obstructing a lot at battle with demon", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00028-00012286-00012448": "so that she lose control by herself", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00029-00012448-00012818": "Also, because she relied too much on the power, her consciousness was vanished gradually", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00030-00012818-00012969": "and encroached into unconsciousness.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00031-00012978-00013354": "Meanwhile, her father and executives noticed she was in danger", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00032-00013354-00013599": "then summoned and imprisoned her.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00033-00013600-00013906": "Lubis gave up everything, but suddenly", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00034-00013906-00014224": "she heard resounding voice in her head.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00035-00014226-00014552": "The deeply resounding voice said to her like this.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00036-00014552-00014958": "“It is a huge waste that you extinct with price of blood…. Well, I will take the self-control instead.”", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00037-00014958-00015240": "The scythe appeared in front of her told.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00038-00015240-00015504": "The scythe called itself ‘the judge of destiny’, and suggested contract to Lubis only because of ability that is only she has.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00039-00015513-00016324": "Because it was a frenetic circumstance, she accepted it for the moment.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00040-00016324-00016896": "Finally contract in inside of herself was finished, then massive force of El and force of reaper released from her body", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00041-00016896-00017092": "and destroyed some part of prison.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00042-00017092-00017412": "She take the ‘reaper’s scythe’ in front of her,", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00043-00017416-00017798": "and escaped from prison became turmoil then get back to Elrios", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00044-00017798-00018036": "She dropped into Altera island, Elrios after ran away urgently.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00045-00018036-00018370": "Ponggos found she lost conscious and take her to village for taking care of her.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00046-00018370-00018826": "Lubis heard about Elsword’s party from Ponggos after she woke up", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00047-00018826-00019180": "and started to go to join again even she was late.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00048-00019186-00019536": "However she remembered her past that her power harm them even she does not know why the memory arise,", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00049-00019536-00019964": "she gave up joining and acting independently after agonizing.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00050-00020376-00020844": "Schwaryer Nebel", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00051-00020866-00021172": "In the middle of fierce battle of Elrianode,", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00052-00021172-00021528": "the reaper’s scythe and Lubis cognized their power is not enough", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00053-00021528-00022196": "and saw prophecy showing Elsword’s destined destiny of death is corrupting through ‘Istania’ the eye of scarlet.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00054-00022196-00022698": "They felt power of reaper become relatively weaker because of power of Dicion and El.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00055-00022698-00023102": "Furthermore, reaper’s scythe was in charge of control and Lubis was in charge of human power", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00056-00023102-00023520": "but that make each power acting separately and they noticed it is another problem.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00057-00023520-00024004": "They tried to find solution through ‘Allegro’, Feitha’s secretary", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00058-00024014-00024426": "and they could find information that said there is secret temple near the statue of guardian of El who rule death", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00059-00024432-00024892": "in underground chapel of Faitha and you can get power for controlling black fog", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00060-00024892-00025402": "However, that place is literally eaten by ‘black colored fog’ and people get in there will not be back.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00061-00025418-00025924": "After heard this story, Lubis got into the secrete temple of underground chapel with her reaper’s scythe", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00062-00025924-00026348": "and they are undergoing trial in black fog.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00063-00026348-00026783": "However, they faced more harsh situations than they expected and separated each other.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00064-00026783-00027060": "They were wandering in confusion because each controls herself and itself", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00065-00027060-00027281": "and being weaker due to separation", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00066-00027282-00027639": "After they get calm down, they find each other’s psychic space", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00067-00027639-00028254": "and make double contraction named ‘Patency(Volante) Control(Devolante)’", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00068-00028254-00028630": "They make ‘vow of blood’ by accept each other’s power and become one", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00069-00028630-00028870": "and then they eventually reach to the ultimatum of reaper.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00070-00028870-00029474": "At the moment of vow, Lubis revised her memory about her friend ‘Aisha’ and Elsword’s party", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00071-00029480-00029766": "like phantasmagoria and realized something.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00072-00029766-00030300": "She also saw scene that Elsword says he will take care of everything and assimilate with El, and tell what she determined.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00073-00030300-00030600": "“If I won’t accept this power, you and I must be eaten by this black fog.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00074-00030600-00031076": "Even Elsword can make his hard determination in practice, if I hesitate  I can’t keep their destination…!”", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00075-00031077-00031448": "The contract was confirmed, purple light surround them, and suddenly the reaper’s scythe", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00076-00031448-00031750": "transform into human.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00077-00031750-00032005": "The scythe is ‘Ceros Nidheg’.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00078-00032006-00032350": "He tells her about reaper’s blood and human’s blood coexist", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00079-00032362-00032727": "and reborn as new reaper and accomplish the contract.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00080-00032733-00033446": "After finish contract in psychic space, the black fog of real world gathered around her and covers her as form of cape.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00081-00033446-00033958": "She finished the test of dark black, and received secret temple’s whole power of patency,", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00082-00033962-00034216": "then finally she called as reaper controls black fog.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00083-00034266-00034756": "The identity of reaper’s scythe is ‘Ceros Nidheg’ the reaper of Salazar.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00084-00034770-00035060": "A hundred years ago in time of Erlios,", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00085-00035060-00035532": "before the explosion of El he was master of scythe making from officer reapers and also he was alchemist.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00086-00035532-00035886": "However, after the explosion of El, due to the invasion of demons", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00087-00035906-00036188": "he found out that reapers were degenerated into monster by the thing that demons having so called dark El", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00088-00036188-00036926": "so he tried to warn to grand reaper, but demons degenerate him into monster by dark El.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00089-00036972-00037252": "Even he getting worse, he did not lose himself", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00090-00037252-00037652": "he has stayed alive with a sorcery putting his soul into scythe that he made.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00091-00037654-00038140": "However, half of his body was become a monster so that it had only small amount of reaper’s blood", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00092-00038144-00038360": "and could not get back to his body.  He has been left for a long time", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00093-00038360-00038620": "in the scythe, later, high reapers found the scythe", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00094-00038630-00039198": "and they stored it in the scythe armory of prison.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00095-00039204-00039672": "No one could hear his voice,  so long time has passed.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00096-00039672-00040118": "If he gain body with reaper’s blood and part of El which having regenerating ability", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00097-00040124-00040656": "through reacting with that body, then he could get back to his body.", "k5UpAEYi4mM-00098-00040656-00041142": "His adventure was started by meeting with Lubis imprisoned in prison."}}, {"audio_id": "k6f_-TRvdPg", "text": {"k6f_-TRvdPg-00000-00001590-00002982": "I know that you want me tearing up about you right now", "k6f_-TRvdPg-00001-00002982-00003182": "And I know that you want me tearing up about you right now", "k6f_-TRvdPg-00002-00003182-00003382": "I know that you want me tearing up about you right now", "k6f_-TRvdPg-00003-00004003-00004300": "Used to hold my head like I was your little youngster", "k6f_-TRvdPg-00004-00004400-00005000": "We’d still be there if we would’ve had them youngsters Are you dumb girl, I ain’t the one girl", "k6f_-TRvdPg-00005-00005000-00005401": "Lying on them tests to keep me there are you dumb girl", "k6f_-TRvdPg-00006-00005401-00005701": "Used to hold my head like I was your little youngster", "k6f_-TRvdPg-00007-00005801-00006201": "Are you dumb girl, I ain’t the one girl.I ain’t the one girl", "k6f_-TRvdPg-00008-00006702-00007102": "Imagine, youtes raising youtes it woulda got to that", "k6f_-TRvdPg-00009-00007102-00007559": "It ain't a game when youtes try to play mum n dad We just wanted to have our own little fam so bad", "k6f_-TRvdPg-00010-00007559-00007872": "We both came from broken homes it’s prolly cos of that", "k6f_-TRvdPg-00011-00007872-00008152": "Broken girls find broken boys n fall in broken love", "k6f_-TRvdPg-00012-00008152-00008440": "Them typa relationships are always destined to break up", "k6f_-TRvdPg-00013-00008440-00008696": "When there’s problems with U n P it’s harder to make UP", "k6f_-TRvdPg-00014-00008696-00009104": "When you’re broke like me you can’t afford to trust", "k6f_-TRvdPg-00015-00009104-00009601": "Used to hold my head like I was your little youngster  We’d still be there if we would’ve had them youngsters", "k6f_-TRvdPg-00016-00009601-00010201": "Are you dumb girl, I ain’t the one girl  Lying on them tests to keep me there are you dumb girl", "k6f_-TRvdPg-00017-00010201-00010701": "Used to hold my head like I was your little youngster", "k6f_-TRvdPg-00018-00010701-00011102": "Are you dumb girl, I ain’t the one girl.I ain’t the one girl"}}, {"audio_id": "k6fGepMchXE", "text": {"k6fGepMchXE-00000-00000787-00001500": ">> Welcome to at one presentation discover free and Open", "k6fGepMchXE-00001-00001100-00001532": "Textbooks", "k6fGepMchXE-00002-00001579-00001979": "with the California open online library for", "k6fGepMchXE-00003-00001579-00002482": "education.  You presenter is going to be Una Daly and she is", "k6fGepMchXE-00004-00002082-00002732": "the library service managers for the California open", "k6fGepMchXE-00005-00003083-00003483": "library", "k6fGepMchXE-00006-00003083-00003496": "school -- cool for add. A depository low cost. Review for", "k6fGepMchXE-00007-00003096-00003509": "the top 50 college courses built by the California State", "k6fGepMchXE-00008-00003109-00004032": "University system.  She is also a Community College outreach", "k6fGepMchXE-00009-00003632-00004032": "director", "k6fGepMchXE-00010-00004272-00004672": "at Open Education Consortium were she promotes", "k6fGepMchXE-00011-00004272-00004683": "awareness and adoption of open educational practices to", "k6fGepMchXE-00012-00004283-00005032": "enhance teaching and learning and access and community", "k6fGepMchXE-00013-00004632-00005232": "colleges.", "k6fGepMchXE-00014-00004932-00005683": "Prior to joining Consortium she was director of college", "k6fGepMchXE-00015-00005283-00005683": "opening", "k6fGepMchXE-00016-00005962-00006372": "collaborative promoting adoption and accessible and", "k6fGepMchXE-00017-00005972-00006382": "affordable textbooks and part-time faculty and computer", "k6fGepMchXE-00018-00005982-00006682": "information system at", "k6fGepMchXE-00019-00007028-00007428": "(indiscernible) community college. Her", "k6fGepMchXE-00020-00007028-00007444": "expertise includes in portfolios for learning assessment and", "k6fGepMchXE-00021-00007044-00007682": "health licenses and engineering.  She worked as software", "k6fGepMchXE-00022-00007282-00007682": "manager", "k6fGepMchXE-00023-00007848-00008248": "at Apple Computer and Motorola are earning her", "k6fGepMchXE-00024-00007848-00008283": "Masters degree in teaching and learning with technology.", "k6fGepMchXE-00025-00007883-00008833": "Without any further due, I will turn it over to it.", "k6fGepMchXE-00026-00008433-00009132": ">> AMANDA COOLIDGE:    Thank you very much and not.  I'm", "k6fGepMchXE-00027-00008732-00009132": "very pleased to be", "k6fGepMchXE-00028-00009233-00009643": "here to share with you about the", "k6fGepMchXE-00029-00009243-00009882": "California open online library for", "k6fGepMchXE-00030-00013183-00013583": ">> UNA DALY:", "k6fGepMchXE-00031-00014432-00015282": "The California open online library is an intersegmental", "k6fGepMchXE-00032-00014882-00015282": "effort", "k6fGepMchXE-00033-00015927-00016333": "so what I mean by that is it involves all three of", "k6fGepMchXE-00034-00015933-00016344": "our public higher education systems, the California", "k6fGepMchXE-00035-00015944-00016354": "Community Colleges, the California State University system", "k6fGepMchXE-00036-00015954-00016748": "and the University of California.  I will get into a little", "k6fGepMchXE-00037-00016348-00016982": "more detail about this, but there was legislation passed", "k6fGepMchXE-00038-00016582-00017436": "about two years ago now to promote the use of Open", "k6fGepMchXE-00039-00017036-00017436": "Educational", "k6fGepMchXE-00040-00017860-00018260": "Resources.  And in order to make college more", "k6fGepMchXE-00041-00017860-00018483": "affordable for students and also to give faculty more", "k6fGepMchXE-00042-00018083-00018982": "choices and flexibility.  The COOLforEd is the library", "k6fGepMchXE-00043-00018582-00019483": "portion of that.", "k6fGepMchXE-00044-00020083-00020532": "Today, I want to go through a little bit about what Open", "k6fGepMchXE-00045-00020132-00020880": "Education is.  Thank you for those who have being", "k6fGepMchXE-00046-00020480-00021332": "introducing yourself in the chat window.  I appreciate that", "k6fGepMchXE-00047-00020932-00021732": "and I see we have (indiscernible) as a part-time", "k6fGepMchXE-00048-00021533-00022132": "faculty at", "k6fGepMchXE-00049-00021732-00022382": "CSU Channel Islands in Spanish.", "k6fGepMchXE-00050-00022680-00023080": "Welcome.  The reason I'm", "k6fGepMchXE-00051-00022680-00023096": "going to go through a little bit about what Open Educational", "k6fGepMchXE-00052-00022696-00023383": "Resources are is there may be some of you out there who have", "k6fGepMchXE-00053-00022983-00023733": "heard about them but you", "k6fGepMchXE-00054-00023867-00024267": "may not be exactly sure what they", "k6fGepMchXE-00055-00023867-00024280": "are and this is an opportunity to hear those definitions", "k6fGepMchXE-00056-00023880-00024683": "again and see how that resonates with you.  There have been", "k6fGepMchXE-00057-00024283-00024982": "multiple surveys recently showing that faculty are still", "k6fGepMchXE-00058-00024582-00025432": "struggling with what open educational resource", "k6fGepMchXE-00059-00025232-00025632": "is.  I think", "k6fGepMchXE-00060-00025232-00026219": "it is worthwhile to put time in their. We will talk about", "k6fGepMchXE-00061-00025819-00026600": "legislation and how it establish both faculty OER Council", "k6fGepMchXE-00062-00026200-00026832": "and two from the Community College system is on the", "k6fGepMchXE-00063-00027583-00027983": "Council.", "k6fGepMchXE-00064-00027583-00027998": "We will talk about that and did great work they are doing", "k6fGepMchXE-00065-00027598-00028011": "and talk about the survey results they have being working on", "k6fGepMchXE-00066-00027611-00028025": "and get into the digital open source library and how it is", "k6fGepMchXE-00067-00027625-00028282": "going to be housing those Open Educational Resources that", "k6fGepMchXE-00068-00027882-00028576": "are the Council are reviewing.  And there will be additional", "k6fGepMchXE-00069-00028176-00028683": "information on faculty adoption", "k6fGepMchXE-00070-00028825-00029225": "portfolios and finally, how", "k6fGepMchXE-00071-00028825-00029633": "you can get involved.  If you are interested in using OER or", "k6fGepMchXE-00072-00029233-00029832": "peer reviewing open", "k6fGepMchXE-00073-00030202-00030602": "educational resources or textbooks in", "k6fGepMchXE-00074-00030202-00030615": "your discipline, there's opportunities for you to get", "k6fGepMchXE-00075-00030215-00030632": "involved in these programs.", "k6fGepMchXE-00076-00030232-00031032": "Any questions before I jump in?", "k6fGepMchXE-00077-00030632-00031384": ">> No questions yet.", "k6fGepMchXE-00078-00030984-00031632": ">> UNA DALY:  Okay.  We are going to start with a", "k6fGepMchXE-00079-00031968-00032368": "quiz.  I", "k6fGepMchXE-00080-00031968-00032397": "double-click there.  A quick?  Has.  No worries.  Nobody is", "k6fGepMchXE-00081-00031997-00032954": "going to get handed grades.  I'm going to ask you these", "k6fGepMchXE-00082-00032554-00033183": "questions and am going to ask you to either type in true or", "k6fGepMchXE-00083-00032783-00033683": "false into the chat window or you can use", "k6fGepMchXE-00084-00033611-00034011": "the checkbox at", "k6fGepMchXE-00085-00033611-00034033": "the top of the yes or no here if you like.  Our first", "k6fGepMchXE-00086-00033633-00034382": "question is textbook", "k6fGepMchXE-00087-00034427-00034827": "prices, I mean college textbook prices,", "k6fGepMchXE-00088-00034427-00034883": "have being increasing at the same rate as other consumer", "k6fGepMchXE-00089-00034483-00035432": "goods.  Is that true or false?  Margarita says fault.  Lisa", "k6fGepMchXE-00090-00035032-00035683": "says", "k6fGepMchXE-00091-00035733-00036533": "fault.  Everybody says fault.  We have a ringer", "k6fGepMchXE-00092-00036133-00036533": "audience", "k6fGepMchXE-00093-00038332-00038932": "out  Here.", "k6fGepMchXE-00094-00039383-00040164": "You guys are right.  E-books are not the same as Open", "k6fGepMchXE-00095-00039764-00040633": "Textbooks.  Open Textbooks do have digital component", "k6fGepMchXE-00096-00040797-00041197": "and and", "k6fGepMchXE-00097-00040797-00041233": "that since they are e-books, but e-books in general, the", "k6fGepMchXE-00098-00040833-00041633": "general term refers to the digital format of a publisher", "k6fGepMchXE-00099-00041233-00042233": "textbook.  It is not free to use or free to", "k6fGepMchXE-00100-00042283-00042683": "repurpose.", "k6fGepMchXE-00101-00042332-00042934": "Final question.  Our Open Educational Resources in the", "k6fGepMchXE-00102-00042534-00043133": "public domain.  Is that true or", "k6fGepMchXE-00103-00043283-00043683": "false we have a mixture of", "k6fGepMchXE-00104-00043283-00044182": "opinion here.?", "k6fGepMchXE-00105-00044632-00045582": "lse", "k6fGepMchXE-00106-00046733-00047148": "You are both correct. It can be in public", "k6fGepMchXE-00107-00046748-00047160": "domain. They're copyrighted materials that have open license", "k6fGepMchXE-00108-00046760-00047175": "associated with them with allows free reuse and repurpose", "k6fGepMchXE-00109-00046775-00047483": "thing.  I am sure many of you know public domain now in", "k6fGepMchXE-00110-00047083-00047933": "order for something to go into public domain, the copyright", "k6fGepMchXE-00111-00047533-00047933": "holders", "k6fGepMchXE-00112-00048060-00048483": ", it has to be 70 years after the copyright holder", "k6fGepMchXE-00114-00048083-00048882": "dies.  It is a very long period of time and let somebody", "k6fGepMchXE-00115-00048482-00049183": "actually put something into the public domain.  Open", "k6fGepMchXE-00116-00048783-00049487": "Educational Resources more and more our of these resources", "k6fGepMchXE-00117-00049087-00049729": "that people have the owners have", "k6fGepMchXE-00118-00049833-00050233": "associated with licenses.", "k6fGepMchXE-00119-00049882-00050282": "licenses.", "k6fGepMchXE-00120-00049882-00050532": "Give yourself a hand.  You did super.", "k6fGepMchXE-00121-00050132-00050933": "Here is a", "k6fGepMchXE-00122-00050983-00051683": "graph.  This is showing the textbook costs as they", "k6fGepMchXE-00123-00051283-00051883": "have risen over the last 30", "k6fGepMchXE-00124-00051979-00052379": "years.  Since the late 70s,", "k6fGepMchXE-00125-00051979-00052399": "70s,", "k6fGepMchXE-00126-00051999-00052862": "textbook prices have gone up about a hundred 12 percent.", "k6fGepMchXE-00127-00052462-00052882": "That is the dark blue line at the top.  If you look at the", "k6fGepMchXE-00128-00052482-00053182": "Brown", "k6fGepMchXE-00129-00054234-00054647": "line-8 at the very bottom is the consumer Price Index", "k6fGepMchXE-00130-00054247-00054678": "over the last be years and they've gone up 250% in the same", "k6fGepMchXE-00132-00054283-00054882": "time.  It is about three times.  The textbook cost is about", "k6fGepMchXE-00133-00054482-00055333": "three times consumer price index.", "k6fGepMchXE-00134-00055272-00055683": "This has been a big part of the affordability problem with", "k6fGepMchXE-00135-00055283-00055882": "higher", "k6fGepMchXE-00136-00056134-00056583": "education.  What is the impact it has had on", "k6fGepMchXE-00137-00056183-00056983": "students?  This survey here was", "k6fGepMchXE-00138-00057132-00057532": "performed in January 2014 it", "k6fGepMchXE-00139-00057132-00058083": "was the student Public interest research", "k6fGepMchXE-00140-00057883-00058283": "group.", "k6fGepMchXE-00141-00058376-00058776": "The student", "k6fGepMchXE-00142-00058376-00058833": "response came back and said 65 percent of them choose to not", "k6fGepMchXE-00143-00058433-00059083": "buy textbooks at least at some time while attending college", "k6fGepMchXE-00144-00058683-00059680": "due to cost.  That is the majority of students.", "k6fGepMchXE-00145-00059834-00060245": "It is not like the students are choosing not to buy", "k6fGepMchXE-00146-00059845-00060484": "textbooks because they think they're useless.  94", "k6fGepMchXE-00147-00060828-00061228": "percent", "k6fGepMchXE-00148-00060828-00061232": "report that concerned their grades are affected because they", "k6fGepMchXE-00149-00060832-00061283": "did not buy the textbooks. It is not a choice they are", "k6fGepMchXE-00150-00060883-00061483": "making willingly.  And maybe even more", "k6fGepMchXE-00151-00061651-00062051": "serious problem sort", "k6fGepMchXE-00152-00061651-00062066": "of a student's success perspective is that 48 percent of", "k6fGepMchXE-00153-00061666-00062283": "students take fewer classes or different", "k6fGepMchXE-00154-00062883-00063298": "classes due to", "k6fGepMchXE-00155-00062898-00063307": "textbook costs. We know that it is taking students longer to", "k6fGepMchXE-00156-00062907-00063322": "graduate because of these costs and they may be stopping out", "k6fGepMchXE-00157-00062922-00063383": "for a while in order to be able to afford to go back to", "k6fGepMchXE-00158-00062983-00063585": "school.", "k6fGepMchXE-00159-00063959-00064383": "A strong solution for this is the use of Open Educational", "k6fGepMchXE-00160-00063983-00064585": "Resources.", "k6fGepMchXE-00161-00064733-00065133": "Open Educational Resources", "k6fGepMchXE-00162-00065319-00065719": "could be textbooks,", "k6fGepMchXE-00163-00065319-00066033": "they could be lesson plans.  They can be videos.  They can", "k6fGepMchXE-00164-00065633-00066633": "encompass any resource.  What", "k6fGepMchXE-00165-00066483-00066883": "is key to this if they provide", "k6fGepMchXE-00166-00066499-00066899": "is they provide", "k6fGepMchXE-00167-00066499-00067183": "online access to students on the first day of class.  All", "k6fGepMchXE-00168-00066783-00067711": "students start at the same level and if the students are on", "k6fGepMchXE-00169-00067311-00068117": "financial aid and have to wait for a check to come our", "k6fGepMchXE-00170-00067717-00068583": "students who are working away for their paycheck to come in,", "k6fGepMchXE-00171-00068183-00068964": "regardless, all students start with access to a digital", "k6fGepMchXE-00172-00068564-00068983": "a digital", "k6fGepMchXE-00173-00068583-00069333": "textbook on day one of the class.", "k6fGepMchXE-00174-00069217-00069633": "There is generally low-cost print options for most of these", "k6fGepMchXE-00175-00069233-00070083": "textbooks.  I will show you an example later", "k6fGepMchXE-00176-00070383-00070783": "on where you", "k6fGepMchXE-00177-00070383-00070798": "can see that. And finally, something that is important from", "k6fGepMchXE-00178-00070398-00070812": "a faculty perspective is that faculty can adapt these", "k6fGepMchXE-00179-00070412-00071333": "textbooks for students.  You can take away", "k6fGepMchXE-00180-00071960-00072360": "material.  If", "k6fGepMchXE-00181-00071960-00072371": "there are too many chapters in the textbook and too", "k6fGepMchXE-00182-00071971-00072383": "confusing for your students, you can delete material. If you", "k6fGepMchXE-00183-00071983-00072433": "need to add material you can do that because it is open", "k6fGepMchXE-00184-00072033-00072633": "textbook.", "k6fGepMchXE-00185-00072865-00073282": "If your students have problems with their reading", "k6fGepMchXE-00186-00072882-00073333": "level, you can adapt the text said that it is appropriate", "k6fGepMchXE-00187-00072933-00073533": "for your students level.", "k6fGepMchXE-00188-00074924-00075332": "The Department of education, I wanted to give you their", "k6fGepMchXE-00189-00074932-00075583": "definition of what open educational resource", "k6fGepMchXE-00190-00076201-00076601": "is.  They have", "k6fGepMchXE-00191-00076201-00076617": "a general definition is teaching, learning and research", "k6fGepMchXE-00192-00076217-00076628": "resources that reside in the public domain or have being", "k6fGepMchXE-00193-00076228-00076683": "released under an intellectual property license and that is", "k6fGepMchXE-00194-00076283-00077276": "the property license we're going to talk about in a moment.", "k6fGepMchXE-00195-00076876-00077283": "The creative common license that allows for use or repurpose", "k6fGepMchXE-00196-00076883-00077833": "thing by others.  And going back", "k6fGepMchXE-00197-00078282-00078682": "here, education is about", "k6fGepMchXE-00198-00078282-00078698": "sharing. This is something that is a very popular kind of", "k6fGepMchXE-00199-00078298-00079283": "mantra and the Open Education movement.  It is behind what", "k6fGepMchXE-00200-00078883-00079483": "the licensing infrastructure supports.  Teachers want to", "k6fGepMchXE-00201-00079083-00079933": "share knowledge freely and they do that in the", "k6fGepMchXE-00202-00080100-00080500": "classroom.", "k6fGepMchXE-00203-00080100-00080512": "Students also share their understanding back and share with", "k6fGepMchXE-00204-00080112-00080783": "each other.  Teacher share with each other.  Copyright of", "k6fGepMchXE-00205-00080383-00081358": "materials can get in the way of that because you have to", "k6fGepMchXE-00206-00080958-00081901": "always go to the copyright holder to get permission.  The", "k6fGepMchXE-00207-00081501-00082133": "open licensing we are going to talk about is going to", "k6fGepMchXE-00208-00081733-00082483": "support this in proved sharing mechanism.", "k6fGepMchXE-00209-00082783-00083677": "How do we set this content free so that faculty and students", "k6fGepMchXE-00210-00083277-00084033": "can use it, can adapt it if need be without concern for", "k6fGepMchXE-00211-00083633-00084533": "infringement?  The creative", "k6fGepMchXE-00212-00084333-00084933": "common license is a license that", "k6fGepMchXE-00213-00084533-00085483": "sits on top of copyright and allows an", "k6fGepMchXE-00214-00085382-00085782": "owner of a resource", "k6fGepMchXE-00215-00085382-00086133": "to open up permissions for that", "k6fGepMchXE-00216-00086084-00086484": "resource.s  The licensed toes", "k6fGepMchXE-00217-00086084-00086683": "you as", "k6fGepMchXE-00218-00087461-00087875": "a potential adopter of that license resorts how you", "k6fGepMchXE-00219-00087475-00087884": "can use it. You don't have to go directly to the copyright", "k6fGepMchXE-00220-00087484-00087896": "holder and asked permission because that is built into the", "k6fGepMchXE-00221-00087496-00087934": "creative Commons license.  If you look too far right it is", "k6fGepMchXE-00222-00087534-00088133": "public", "k6fGepMchXE-00223-00088268-00088668": "domain.  Open Educational Resources do not have to be", "k6fGepMchXE-00224-00088268-00088733": "in the public domain.  Public domain is where something no", "k6fGepMchXE-00225-00088333-00089274": "longer has ownership.  Creative Commons license sits with", "k6fGepMchXE-00226-00088874-00089733": "copyright and ownership is still maintained, but this author", "k6fGepMchXE-00227-00089333-00090283": "is allowing the sharing of the materials.", "k6fGepMchXE-00228-00089933-00090533": "Very", "k6fGepMchXE-00229-00090596-00090996": "briefly, and open license has three conditions that you", "k6fGepMchXE-00230-00090596-00091583": "should be aware of.  One is what we call", "k6fGepMchXE-00231-00091399-00091799": "the attribute or", "k6fGepMchXE-00232-00091399-00092033": "the bike condition and that is a required condition which", "k6fGepMchXE-00233-00091633-00092033": "means", "k6fGepMchXE-00234-00092142-00092682": "if you were to reopen a open educational resource and", "k6fGepMchXE-00235-00092282-00092733": "republish it, you need to give", "k6fGepMchXE-00236-00092983-00093383": "attribution to the original", "k6fGepMchXE-00237-00092983-00093433": "author. The original author's name has name has to be in", "k6fGepMchXE-00238-00093033-00093883": "that new material that you", "k6fGepMchXE-00239-00093900-00094300": "republish.--by  The other two", "k6fGepMchXE-00240-00093900-00094333": "conditions which are", "k6fGepMchXE-00241-00094622-00095022": "noncommercial and share alike are", "k6fGepMchXE-00242-00094622-00095032": "optional. Someone creates open educational resource can", "k6fGepMchXE-00243-00094632-00095283": "decide when they release it under this license whether they", "k6fGepMchXE-00244-00094883-00095780": "want to allow commercial use of their resource or not.  That", "k6fGepMchXE-00245-00095380-00096104": "is what the noncommercial is and if you add that to your", "k6fGepMchXE-00246-00095704-00096533": "license in means it can only be used for noncommercial", "k6fGepMchXE-00247-00096457-00096857": "use.", "k6fGepMchXE-00248-00096457-00096883": "And finally, the last one is share alike and what that", "k6fGepMchXE-00249-00096483-00097459": "condition says is you take somebody's open educational", "k6fGepMchXE-00250-00097059-00097683": "resource and republish it, you need to republish it under", "k6fGepMchXE-00251-00097283-00098133": "the same license as they did", "k6fGepMchXE-00252-00097966-00098366": "originally.", "k6fGepMchXE-00253-00097966-00098580": "And once again that is an option also.  I recommend you", "k6fGepMchXE-00254-00098767-00099167": "go", "k6fGepMchXE-00255-00098767-00099184": "-- if you're curious about the details behind that -- I", "k6fGepMchXE-00256-00098784-00099617": "suggest going to creative common site.org website and they", "k6fGepMchXE-00257-00099217-00099888": "take you to a tutorial on that.", "k6fGepMchXE-00258-00099488-00100333": ">> I have a quick question that comes up", "k6fGepMchXE-00259-00100227-00100627": "sometimes.  Just", "k6fGepMchXE-00260-00100227-00100633": "kind of related to creative Commons and if you're not sure", "k6fGepMchXE-00261-00100233-00100883": "you want to put", "k6fGepMchXE-00262-00100877-00101297": "the books back.  When it says noncommercial,", "k6fGepMchXE-00263-00100897-00101333": "does that include for-profit universities?", "k6fGepMchXE-00264-00102563-00102975": ">> UNA DALY:  No.  It is not specifically refer to", "k6fGepMchXE-00265-00102575-00102983": "for-profit universities. They can use OER. In fact, some", "k6fGepMchXE-00266-00102583-00103033": "create their own OER and share it out.  What it means is it", "k6fGepMchXE-00267-00102633-00103583": "cannot be sold for profit.  That is a good question and a,", "k6fGepMchXE-00268-00103183-00103983": "because sometimes colleges say can we share the textbooks in", "k6fGepMchXE-00269-00103583-00104383": "from the publisher and sell them at our bookstore", "k6fGepMchXE-00270-00104183-00104827": "and yes,", "k6fGepMchXE-00271-00104427-00105033": "you can sell them for a reasonable market up to cover costs", "k6fGepMchXE-00272-00104633-00105283": "to sell in your bookstore.", "k6fGepMchXE-00273-00104883-00105733": "That noncommercial does not restrict you from doing", "k6fGepMchXE-00274-00105583-00105983": "that for", "k6fGepMchXE-00276-00106103-00106539": "profit university using it or colleges purchasing these", "k6fGepMchXE-00277-00106139-00106583": "textbooks for their students and selling them to them at", "k6fGepMchXE-00278-00106183-00106983": "their standard rate, the standard bookstore rate.", "k6fGepMchXE-00279-00106583-00107433": "I want to show you an example here of the difference in", "k6fGepMchXE-00280-00107033-00107952": "price that your students can experience.  This particular", "k6fGepMchXE-00281-00107552-00108233": "book on the left-hand side is in, please.  It is", "k6fGepMchXE-00282-00107833-00108733": "introductory statistics book by prim man and it is popular", "k6fGepMchXE-00283-00108333-00109276": "for the math 110 course.  It retails and published by Wiley", "k6fGepMchXE-00284-00108876-00109481": "and Sons and retails at", "k6fGepMchXE-00285-00109679-00110079": "Amazon for $167 it new. It is full", "k6fGepMchXE-00286-00109679-00110097": "copyright. On is full copyright.  On the right-hand side, we", "k6fGepMchXE-00287-00109697-00110433": "have introductory statistics which is published by OpenStax", "k6fGepMchXE-00288-00110033-00111033": "College and it is free to use online so student can", "k6fGepMchXE-00289-00110733-00111133": "download", "k6fGepMchXE-00290-00110733-00111533": "PDF or EPUB or they can view it in a web browser and if they", "k6fGepMchXE-00291-00111133-00111783": "want to order a paperbound copy it", "k6fGepMchXE-00292-00111983-00112383": "is $34 + shipping and", "k6fGepMchXE-00293-00111983-00112433": "handling. Or they're bookstore can order these in volume and", "k6fGepMchXE-00294-00112033-00112833": "get a discount.  On those and sell to the", "k6fGepMchXE-00295-00112633-00113133": "student.  And I", "k6fGepMchXE-00296-00112733-00113615": "asked what the EPUB was for an for students who might want", "k6fGepMchXE-00297-00113215-00114183": "to read on a tablet or phone, EPUB format is more friendly", "k6fGepMchXE-00298-00113783-00114733": "than a PDF format.  In fact I think we have one of the", "k6fGepMchXE-00299-00114333-00114733": "authors of this", "k6fGepMchXE-00300-00116500-00116900": "introductory statistics open textbook online", "k6fGepMchXE-00301-00116500-00116917": "today. Hello Barbara.", "k6fGepMchXE-00302-00116517-00116928": "Barber and Susan Dean at (indiscernible) College wrote this", "k6fGepMchXE-00303-00116528-00116933": "textbook. It was originally called collaborative statistics", "k6fGepMchXE-00304-00116533-00116956": "and it has been adopted widely at community colleges and", "k6fGepMchXE-00305-00116556-00117133": "universities for intro statistics course.  It safe students", "k6fGepMchXE-00306-00116733-00117533": "millions of dollars around the", "k6fGepMchXE-00307-00117425-00117825": "country on that particular", "k6fGepMchXE-00308-00117425-00117833": "textbook.", "k6fGepMchXE-00309-00117433-00118283": "At this time, I wanted to to ask is anyone out in the", "k6fGepMchXE-00310-00117883-00118633": "audience either looking at Open Textbooks or perhaps using", "k6fGepMchXE-00311-00118233-00118833": "Open Textbooks right", "k6fGepMchXE-00312-00119383-00119783": "now.", "k6fGepMchXE-00313-00119383-00119833": ">> You can use your textbook if you are currently looking", "k6fGepMchXE-00314-00119433-00120216": "for OER resources are using OER we can type in the chat", "k6fGepMchXE-00315-00119816-00120633": "window", "k6fGepMchXE-00316-00121227-00121627": "either/or?", "k6fGepMchXE-00317-00121227-00121633": ">> UNA DALY:  Great. Jessica mentioned she is looking at", "k6fGepMchXE-00318-00121233-00121645": "nutrition and Mercedes is looking to publish her own", "k6fGepMchXE-00319-00121245-00122033": "materials.  Wonderful.  Looking for nutrition and sports", "k6fGepMchXE-00320-00121633-00122433": "nutrition.", "k6fGepMchXE-00321-00122284-00122933": "Great.  We shall move on.", "k6fGepMchXE-00322-00122533-00123483": "I'm looking at those and Maggie is looking for", "k6fGepMchXE-00323-00123283-00123683": "computer", "k6fGepMchXE-00324-00123283-00123683": "courses", "k6fGepMchXE-00325-00124567-00124976": "and provide digital access at lower price. I may", "k6fGepMchXE-00326-00124576-00124983": "recommend these to the student computer courses. Yes. That", "k6fGepMchXE-00327-00124583-00125011": "is a good point made.  Publisher some ties provide digital", "k6fGepMchXE-00328-00124611-00125483": "access at a lower rate than they do other hardcopies.  How", "k6fGepMchXE-00329-00125083-00125983": "do you promote this to faculty?  That is an excellent", "k6fGepMchXE-00330-00125583-00126583": "question Joe.  We are going to get to that a", "k6fGepMchXE-00331-00126201-00126601": "a little bit", "k6fGepMchXE-00332-00126201-00126982": "leader later.  I'm going to show you faculty adoption", "k6fGepMchXE-00333-00126582-00127433": "portfolios and do they have algebra books?", "k6fGepMchXE-00334-00127183-00127583": "Barbara, yes,", "k6fGepMchXE-00335-00127183-00127833": "there are some wonderful college algebra and I'm glad you", "k6fGepMchXE-00336-00127433-00128198": "asked that question.  Barber said get the students involved", "k6fGepMchXE-00337-00127798-00128433": "and I", "k6fGepMchXE-00338-00128733-00129144": "agree.  Jessica is looking for those open source", "k6fGepMchXE-00339-00128744-00129183": "nutrition books. We may have to take that went off-line, but", "k6fGepMchXE-00340-00128783-00129583": "I would love to look for those with", "k6fGepMchXE-00341-00129383-00129783": "you.", "k6fGepMchXE-00342-00129480-00130083": "That was kind of our", "k6fGepMchXE-00343-00131310-00131710": "OER overview and now we're going to get", "k6fGepMchXE-00344-00131310-00131719": "to textbook legislation. As I mentioned textbook legislation", "k6fGepMchXE-00345-00131331-00131745": "was signed actually in 2012 and the goal was making college", "k6fGepMchXE-00346-00131345-00131752": "more affordable by promoting use of high-quality Open", "k6fGepMchXE-00347-00131352-00131783": "Educational Resources and Open Textbooks for 50 highest", "k6fGepMchXE-00348-00131383-00132183": "enrolled college courses.", "k6fGepMchXE-00349-00132133-00132545": "Really, this project did not get started until January 2014", "k6fGepMchXE-00350-00132145-00132683": "and that had to do with some of the funding in the original", "k6fGepMchXE-00351-00132283-00132883": "legislation.", "k6fGepMchXE-00352-00133113-00133513": "I'm not going to go into details on that one", "k6fGepMchXE-00353-00133113-00133535": "because we don't have time. There is nothing mysterious", "k6fGepMchXE-00354-00133135-00133919": "better required matching funding with the state and it took", "k6fGepMchXE-00356-00133533-00134233": "a well to get that matching funding set up.", "k6fGepMchXE-00357-00133983-00134933": "The legislation provided for two components.  The first one", "k6fGepMchXE-00358-00134533-00135133": "was faculty OER Council and that was", "k6fGepMchXE-00359-00135436-00135836": "state built 1052", "k6fGepMchXE-00360-00135436-00135847": "1052", "k6fGepMchXE-00361-00135447-00135857": "established open educational resource Council composed of", "k6fGepMchXE-00362-00135483-00136483": "California faculty.  And SB1053 addressed open source", "k6fGepMchXE-00363-00136083-00137033": "library where these textbooks and peer reviews assure they", "k6fGepMchXE-00364-00136633-00137033": "were high-quality", "k6fGepMchXE-00365-00137122-00137522": "and additional off the option information", "k6fGepMchXE-00366-00137122-00137733": "for faculty and", "k6fGepMchXE-00367-00137761-00138161": "students will be housed. That is what we now", "k6fGepMchXE-00368-00137761-00138383": "call COOLforEd the open source library.", "k6fGepMchXE-00369-00138914-00139333": "I'm going to tell you about what the Council is doing", "k6fGepMchXE-00370-00138933-00139683": "because in many ways, their work really", "k6fGepMchXE-00371-00139798-00140198": "guides what goes", "k6fGepMchXE-00372-00139798-00140209": "into the library. It is really critical to understand the", "k6fGepMchXE-00373-00139809-00140433": "good work they are doing.  They had being appointed by", "k6fGepMchXE-00374-00140583-00140983": "the", "k6fGepMchXE-00375-00140583-00140994": "inter-segmental academic Senate and that is the Senate that", "k6fGepMchXE-00376-00140594-00141333": "represents the Community College, that CSU and UC together.", "k6fGepMchXE-00377-00140933-00141683": "Their first task would identify those 50 highest impact", "k6fGepMchXE-00378-00141283-00142173": "courses and then they have put out a survey for faculty and", "k6fGepMchXE-00379-00141773-00142433": "students and those are still active, but I will give you a", "k6fGepMchXE-00380-00142033-00142433": "snapshot", "k6fGepMchXE-00381-00142906-00143306": "of where what happened as of last summer. What we", "k6fGepMchXE-00382-00142906-00143325": "had heard from faculty.", "k6fGepMchXE-00383-00142925-00143335": "And they had being managing the peer review panels for Open", "k6fGepMchXE-00384-00142935-00143933": "Textbooks and they finished their first panel in the", "k6fGepMchXE-00385-00143583-00143983": "summer", "k6fGepMchXE-00386-00143583-00144433": "and there will be another panel this fall and several next", "k6fGepMchXE-00387-00144033-00144433": "spring", "k6fGepMchXE-00388-00145073-00145487": "in summer and fall. There is opportunities for folks", "k6fGepMchXE-00389-00145087-00145506": "to get involved. If you would like to be part of that.", "k6fGepMchXE-00390-00145106-00145533": "And finally, establishing policies for gathering data to", "k6fGepMchXE-00391-00145133-00145833": "monitor projects success.", "k6fGepMchXE-00392-00145433-00146073": "I wanted to tell you,", "k6fGepMchXE-00393-00146783-00147183": "I know mostly we have Community", "k6fGepMchXE-00394-00146783-00147208": "College folks, but I so we had somebody from Channel Islands", "k6fGepMchXE-00395-00146808-00147235": "which is exciting.  Here are three representatives from each", "k6fGepMchXE-00396-00146835-00147734": "of our systems.  At the Community College we have Diana body", "k6fGepMchXE-00397-00147334-00147933": "from Napa", "k6fGepMchXE-00398-00148360-00148760": "Valley College. She's child and family studies", "k6fGepMchXE-00399-00148360-00148785": "instructor they are. We have it Cheryl student from course", "k6fGepMchXE-00400-00148385-00148833": "line college who is librarian and information science", "k6fGepMchXE-00401-00148433-00149031": "faculty at", "k6fGepMchXE-00402-00149284-00149684": "coastline and Arthur Community College faculty is", "k6fGepMchXE-00403-00149284-00149735": "Kevin Yokoyama he is mathematics instructor at the college", "k6fGepMchXE-00404-00149335-00149933": "of bread words.  We have wonderful folks from the University", "k6fGepMchXE-00405-00149533-00150333": "of California professors and political science", "k6fGepMchXE-00406-00150465-00150865": "information", "k6fGepMchXE-00407-00150465-00150884": "in media studies and physics and that CSU we have got", "k6fGepMchXE-00408-00150484-00151483": "communications, computer information systems and English", "k6fGepMchXE-00409-00151083-00151683": "professor who are all doing a great", "k6fGepMchXE-00410-00152002-00152402": "job.  Katherine Harris", "k6fGepMchXE-00411-00152002-00152414": "from San Jose State University is the chair. The nonvoting", "k6fGepMchXE-00412-00152014-00152633": "chair member and she is a pressure and English there.", "k6fGepMchXE-00413-00153483-00153899": "I do not have enough room all my slide to put all 50 courses", "k6fGepMchXE-00414-00153499-00153924": "here but to let you know here are the disciplines.  These", "k6fGepMchXE-00415-00153524-00154133": "are 24 different plans and generally the", "k6fGepMchXE-00416-00154304-00154704": "courses that Open", "k6fGepMchXE-00417-00154304-00154716": "Textbooks are being reviewed for either the intro courses or", "k6fGepMchXE-00418-00154316-00154733": "the general courses.  You can see we go from", "k6fGepMchXE-00419-00155883-00156283": "accounting, art", "k6fGepMchXE-00420-00155883-00156292": "history, biology, business and I will let you read those", "k6fGepMchXE-00421-00155892-00156307": "yourself down to electronic media. And starting on the other", "k6fGepMchXE-00422-00155907-00156335": "side geography, history, math comment music, philosophy,", "k6fGepMchXE-00423-00155935-00156783": "political science, psychology, sociology, Spanish and", "k6fGepMchXE-00424-00156383-00157184": "statistics.  You can see these disciplines are probably the", "k6fGepMchXE-00425-00156784-00157434": "general at discipline that your college you are concerned", "k6fGepMchXE-00426-00157034-00157833": "with as well.", "k6fGepMchXE-00427-00157628-00158033": "I was looking for nutrition and I guess I did not see", "k6fGepMchXE-00428-00157633-00158033": "nutrition", "k6fGepMchXE-00429-00158083-00158883": "here so I apologize for that.  We have keys", "k6fGepMchXE-00430-00158483-00158985": "enology.", "k6fGepMchXE-00431-00159197-00159597": "The way these courses were selected for by the", "k6fGepMchXE-00432-00159197-00160083": "highest impact courses just to let you know for students", "k6fGepMchXE-00433-00159683-00160577": "within all three systems.  It does not represent just the", "k6fGepMchXE-00434-00160177-00160983": "Community College of you but it is represents the first two", "k6fGepMchXE-00435-00160583-00161583": "years of college at any of our three systems.", "k6fGepMchXE-00436-00161183-00161883": "I wanted to share with you the OER because it is very", "k6fGepMchXE-00437-00161483-00161883": "interesting", "k6fGepMchXE-00438-00161983-00162383": ".", "k6fGepMchXE-00439-00162934-00163364": "As of the end of May 2014 we received over", "k6fGepMchXE-00440-00162964-00163584": "1000 responses from faculty throughout the three", "k6fGepMchXE-00441-00163725-00164125": "systems and", "k6fGepMchXE-00442-00163725-00164133": "a majority of our responses were from Community College", "k6fGepMchXE-00443-00163733-00164183": "instructors and staff and that is not too surprising since", "k6fGepMchXE-00444-00163783-00164698": "we have more instructors then the other three systems.  We", "k6fGepMchXE-00445-00164298-00165182": "also had responses from use the was quite well represented", "k6fGepMchXE-00446-00164782-00165534": "and and also from California State University.  Keep that in", "k6fGepMchXE-00447-00165134-00165935": "mind as you look at the results.  How familiar or you with", "k6fGepMchXE-00448-00165535-00165935": "Open Textbooks?", "k6fGepMchXE-00449-00166284-00166734": "This is a interesting question and probably", "k6fGepMchXE-00450-00166334-00167133": "one I should ask you as well", "k6fGepMchXE-00451-00167368-00167768": "today.  I think what was", "k6fGepMchXE-00452-00167368-00167778": "surprising to some of us who have worked in Open Textbooks", "k6fGepMchXE-00453-00167378-00168034": "and Open Educational Resources for a while now", "k6fGepMchXE-00454-00168183-00168583": "is actually", "k6fGepMchXE-00455-00168183-00168633": "slightly over 60 percent of faculty who responded said I did", "k6fGepMchXE-00456-00168233-00169082": "they were unaware of them or they had heard of them but they", "k6fGepMchXE-00457-00168682-00169586": "had not seeing any Open Textbooks.", "k6fGepMchXE-00458-00169205-00169782": "Let's take a quick poll hear of the folks that are online", "k6fGepMchXE-00459-00169382-00170233": "today.  How many of you has seen an open textbook or are", "k6fGepMchXE-00460-00169833-00170782": "aware of them hired to today?  And you can", "k6fGepMchXE-00461-00170434-00171079": "either click the", "k6fGepMchXE-00462-00170679-00171484": "yes,", "k6fGepMchXE-00463-00171814-00172223": "no, or -- Louis has heard of open textbooks. Charlene", "k6fGepMchXE-00464-00171823-00172233": "Open Textbooks.  Charlene", "k6fGepMchXE-00465-00171833-00172479": "says no.  Carla and Karen are", "k6fGepMchXE-00466-00173359-00173759": "yes.  And where they exist and", "k6fGepMchXE-00467-00173359-00174183": "seeing them and aware of them.  Not being accessible -- not", "k6fGepMchXE-00468-00173783-00174580": "been successful in accessing one online.  What I am seeing", "k6fGepMchXE-00469-00174180-00174780": "here is it looks", "k6fGepMchXE-00470-00174933-00175351": "like this is not all that different from", "k6fGepMchXE-00471-00174951-00175379": "the survey.  It looks like slightly more of our audience", "k6fGepMchXE-00472-00174979-00175833": "today has heard of them than were", "k6fGepMchXE-00473-00175583-00175983": "responded.  There is still", "k6fGepMchXE-00474-00175583-00176383": "a lot of awareness and a lot", "k6fGepMchXE-00475-00176331-00176731": "of accessibility that needs to", "k6fGepMchXE-00476-00176331-00176983": "be addressed.  I noticed somebody made a comment and out not", "k6fGepMchXE-00477-00176583-00177483": "been able to access online.  That is a critical part of the", "k6fGepMchXE-00478-00177083-00177683": "California", "k6fGepMchXE-00479-00177782-00178182": "open Library making those accessible to you is", "k6fGepMchXE-00480-00177782-00178466": "both faculty so you can evaluate them and put red.  Your", "k6fGepMchXE-00481-00178066-00178982": "reviews that provide links for your students as well.  Next", "k6fGepMchXE-00482-00178582-00179383": "result is peer review.  How important is a peer review of", "k6fGepMchXE-00483-00178983-00179583": "open", "k6fGepMchXE-00484-00179727-00180127": "textbook in influencing your decision to either adopt", "k6fGepMchXE-00485-00179727-00180533": "open textbook in the classroom or perhaps develop one?  And", "k6fGepMchXE-00486-00180133-00180886": "this faculty strongly supported that this was", "k6fGepMchXE-00487-00180734-00181134": "an important", "k6fGepMchXE-00488-00181314-00181714": ".", "k6fGepMchXE-00489-00181314-00181725": "Almost 70% of faculty said it was either very important or", "k6fGepMchXE-00490-00181325-00181933": "important.  Quality is really", "k6fGepMchXE-00491-00182481-00182881": "critical.  For faculty dot,", "k6fGepMchXE-00492-00182481-00182899": "the quality of the material is an essential part of it and", "k6fGepMchXE-00493-00182499-00182925": "part of that adoption process.", "k6fGepMchXE-00495-00182499-00183133": "process.", "k6fGepMchXE-00496-00182733-00183133": "I don't think we are too surprised by", "k6fGepMchXE-00497-00183583-00183983": "that.  And finally,", "k6fGepMchXE-00498-00183583-00184433": "cost reduction.  Faculty were asked how important it", "k6fGepMchXE-00499-00184183-00184583": "is", "k6fGepMchXE-00500-00184183-00184833": "reducing cost for your", "k6fGepMchXE-00501-00185565-00185965": "students in a decision to adopt an", "k6fGepMchXE-00502-00185565-00185982": "open textbook? This one was off of the charts. 90% of the", "k6fGepMchXE-00503-00185582-00185999": "faculty responded said that reducing costs for students was", "k6fGepMchXE-00504-00185599-00186519": "either very important or important to them.  We know that", "k6fGepMchXE-00505-00186119-00186533": "faculty really do you want to make college more affordable", "k6fGepMchXE-00506-00186133-00186950": "for their students and they want to make sure it is high", "k6fGepMchXE-00507-00186550-00187533": "quality materials.  These are all really great findings.", "k6fGepMchXE-00508-00187234-00187984": "Now I want to talk to you more about the library and this", "k6fGepMchXE-00509-00187911-00188311": "is", "k6fGepMchXE-00510-00187911-00188333": "an evolving area.  Some of the things I'm talking about", "k6fGepMchXE-00511-00187933-00188677": "today are cunning in the future but you could actually", "k6fGepMchXE-00512-00188277-00189233": "follow along with me at the COOLforEd.org site if you", "k6fGepMchXE-00513-00188933-00189333": "like.", "k6fGepMchXE-00514-00188933-00189734": "It is kind if in beta right now but the", "k6fGepMchXE-00515-00192377-00192777": "California open", "k6fGepMchXE-00516-00192377-00192784": "online library is a digital collection of curated open", "k6fGepMchXE-00517-00192384-00192798": "textbooks. They have being evaluated for quality comma.", "k6fGepMchXE-00518-00192398-00192817": "Reviews are coming for those textbooks. There were also be", "k6fGepMchXE-00519-00192417-00192829": "accessibility information and what I mean by that is not", "k6fGepMchXE-00520-00192429-00192842": "only the different formats the textbook is available in, but", "k6fGepMchXE-00521-00192442-00192856": "how it supports students with disabilities. That is a really", "k6fGepMchXE-00522-00192456-00192868": "critical piece of California State University system is a", "k6fGepMchXE-00523-00192468-00193233": "real leader in accessibility of academic technology and this", "k6fGepMchXE-00524-00192833-00193285": "continues to be a real focus for them.", "k6fGepMchXE-00525-00192885-00193883": "And finally, want to show you a couple of faculty adoption", "k6fGepMchXE-00526-00193483-00194177": "showcases and these are faculty within our system we have", "k6fGepMchXE-00527-00193784-00194485": "adopted OER and they're telling their story about how that", "k6fGepMchXE-00528-00194085-00194975": "came to about.  I know there were somebody earlier to ask", "k6fGepMchXE-00529-00194575-00195183": "how do we convince faculty to look at these Open Textbooks?", "k6fGepMchXE-00530-00195184-00195934": "I tell that person that take a look at", "k6fGepMchXE-00531-00196344-00196744": "these adopted", "k6fGepMchXE-00532-00196344-00196758": "showcases. There are about 15 up there right now but there", "k6fGepMchXE-00533-00196358-00196771": "will be a few more by the end of the mat.  These faculty", "k6fGepMchXE-00534-00196371-00197281": "tell their story of why they were motivated to adopt Open", "k6fGepMchXE-00535-00196881-00197683": "Textbooks in the classroom.  If you are", "k6fGepMchXE-00536-00197552-00197952": "on the front page", "k6fGepMchXE-00537-00197552-00198184": "are simply looking at the slide with", "k6fGepMchXE-00538-00198430-00198830": "me, the COOLforEd", "k6fGepMchXE-00539-00198430-00198845": "interface has three major components. One is defined", "k6fGepMchXE-00540-00198445-00198875": "components.  One is defined", "k6fGepMchXE-00541-00198475-00199033": "component which helps you to find open resources and print", "k6fGepMchXE-00542-00198633-00199033": "Open Textbooks", "k6fGepMchXE-00543-00199134-00199734": "with open licenses.  It has faculty showcases", "k6fGepMchXE-00544-00199334-00199734": "which", "k6fGepMchXE-00545-00200284-00200695": "are organized by discipline.  If there is a specific", "k6fGepMchXE-00546-00200295-00200704": "discipline you can go to the showcases and finally the", "k6fGepMchXE-00547-00200304-00200714": "course showcases will happier reviews for the textbooks that", "k6fGepMchXE-00548-00200314-00200933": "have being selected.", "k6fGepMchXE-00549-00201720-00202133": "Good going Jessica.  That is great.  She has reported she", "k6fGepMchXE-00550-00201733-00202633": "found to nutrition textbooks.  On the find the", "k6fGepMchXE-00551-00202561-00202961": "page and I", "k6fGepMchXE-00552-00202561-00203187": "think it will go ahead and take you over there to the find", "k6fGepMchXE-00553-00202787-00203684": "page of COOLforEd.  If we click on find here, you can", "k6fGepMchXE-00554-00203284-00204185": "everyone see my screen okay?", "k6fGepMchXE-00555-00203785-00204434": ">> Yes.  It is", "k6fGepMchXE-00556-00204508-00204908": "loading.", "k6fGepMchXE-00557-00204508-00204934": ">> UNA DALY:  I'm going to go to find free and Open", "k6fGepMchXE-00558-00204534-00205383": "Textbooks and it is probably still", "k6fGepMchXE-00559-00205183-00205583": "loading.  I", "k6fGepMchXE-00560-00205686-00206086": "know that", "k6fGepMchXE-00561-00205686-00206333": "Jessica was telling us she found a nutrition textbooks and", "k6fGepMchXE-00562-00205933-00206734": "my guess is that for that comment she was", "k6fGepMchXE-00563-00206585-00207000": "either probably in", "k6fGepMchXE-00564-00206600-00207383": "the science area or possibly in the education area.  Anyone", "k6fGepMchXE-00565-00206983-00207534": "on the phone want to give me a suggestion for an area we", "k6fGepMchXE-00566-00207134-00207534": "would like to look at?", "k6fGepMchXE-00567-00207786-00208233": "Either arts, business, education,", "k6fGepMchXE-00568-00207833-00208795": "Eumenides, math and statistics, science and technology,", "k6fGepMchXE-00569-00208395-00209290": "social sciences.  Anybody want to share something?", "k6fGepMchXE-00570-00208890-00209534": ">> The first one is bandage and the second one is", "k6fGepMchXE-00571-00209134-00209884": "psychology.", "k6fGepMchXE-00572-00209484-00210137": ">> UNA DALY:  I'm going to due psychology right now but the", "k6fGepMchXE-00573-00209737-00210383": "Spanish", "k6fGepMchXE-00574-00210408-00210808": "instructor, if you shoot me an email afterwards I", "k6fGepMchXE-00575-00210408-00211033": "will take you there as well.  If we go to social", "k6fGepMchXE-00576-00211067-00211467": "sciences,", "k6fGepMchXE-00577-00211067-00211486": "we end up in Marlowe and we have a whole series of", "k6fGepMchXE-00578-00211086-00211486": "psychological", "k6fGepMchXE-00579-00211684-00212232": "and sociology primarily.  Here's an intro into", "k6fGepMchXE-00580-00211832-00212435": "psychology", "k6fGepMchXE-00581-00212786-00213235": "book.  This happens to be a wiki textbook but a", "k6fGepMchXE-00582-00212835-00213635": "featured textbook and it has a pretty high rating on it.  If", "k6fGepMchXE-00583-00213235-00214082": "you click through here, it actually takes you to the", "k6fGepMchXE-00584-00213883-00214283": "content", "k6fGepMchXE-00585-00213883-00214783": "there.  This particular, back to introduction to", "k6fGepMchXE-00586-00214583-00214983": "psychology,", "k6fGepMchXE-00587-00214583-00215483": "this page here gives you a quick description of the", "k6fGepMchXE-00588-00215284-00215684": "textbook", "k6fGepMchXE-00589-00215284-00215684": "itself", "k6fGepMchXE-00590-00216131-00216547": "and then it tells you what formats it is available", "k6fGepMchXE-00591-00216147-00216583": "in. This particular one is available in HTML, it is a wiki", "k6fGepMchXE-00592-00216183-00217133": "format but it can be printed are converted to PDF.  It has", "k6fGepMchXE-00593-00216733-00217334": "creative Commons license.", "k6fGepMchXE-00594-00217486-00217896": "That is one of the psychology textbooks available. There are", "k6fGepMchXE-00595-00217496-00218133": "many more. If we had more time today, I would take you", "k6fGepMchXE-00596-00217733-00218583": "through", "k6fGepMchXE-00597-00218684-00219084": "those.", "k6fGepMchXE-00598-00218684-00219101": ">> Carla had a question.  She asked what is the difference", "k6fGepMchXE-00599-00218701-00219533": "between the collections, Marlowe versus creative Commons?", "k6fGepMchXE-00600-00219133-00219533": ">> UNA DALY:  All", "k6fGepMchXE-00601-00220184-00220633": "right.  Merlot is a very large reformatory", "k6fGepMchXE-00602-00220233-00220833": "for", "k6fGepMchXE-00603-00220884-00221482": "both free textbooks or low-cost textbooks.  Creative", "k6fGepMchXE-00604-00221082-00221784": "Commons--Merlot", "k6fGepMchXE-00605-00222384-00222798": "is a licenses some of the textbooks in Marlowe have", "k6fGepMchXE-00606-00222398-00222834": "a creative Commons license and some don't.  But the", "k6fGepMchXE-00607-00222434-00223230": "COOLforEd uses the back and of", "k6fGepMchXE-00608-00223134-00223534": "Marlowe as its database that", "k6fGepMchXE-00609-00223134-00223884": "has a different front in.  A friend in customize for the", "k6fGepMchXE-00610-00223484-00224384": "California open textbook", "k6fGepMchXE-00611-00224384-00225034": "initiative.--Merlot  Right now some of them", "k6fGepMchXE-00612-00224634-00225484": "in beta the pages are shared and over time it will use the", "k6fGepMchXE-00613-00225084-00225684": "database in the", "k6fGepMchXE-00614-00225729-00226129": "back.  It is still in a kind of beta", "k6fGepMchXE-00615-00225729-00226383": "version.", "k6fGepMchXE-00616-00226734-00227134": "That is the find portion.  And then I", "k6fGepMchXE-00617-00227563-00227963": "want to -- I want to", "k6fGepMchXE-00618-00227563-00227972": "stress the importance of accessibility.  These textbooks", "k6fGepMchXE-00619-00227572-00228484": "will have accessibility information.  For all of us faculty", "k6fGepMchXE-00620-00228084-00228920": "who work with students who potentially have disabilities,", "k6fGepMchXE-00621-00228520-00229486": "this information will be really", "k6fGepMchXE-00622-00229184-00229584": "important.  Now I want to", "k6fGepMchXE-00623-00229184-00230128": "talk about the Dr. Showcases what we call faculty OER", "k6fGepMchXE-00624-00229728-00230534": "showcases.  These are faculty who have adopted open", "k6fGepMchXE-00625-00230134-00231034": "textbooks in their", "k6fGepMchXE-00626-00230784-00231434": "couadopted", "k6fGepMchXE-00627-00231783-00232634": "And adopted their textbooks and", "k6fGepMchXE-00628-00231783-00232634": "how it came", "k6fGepMchXE-00629-00232434-00232834": "about.", "k6fGepMchXE-00630-00232434-00232834": "Basically", "k6fGepMchXE-00631-00233730-00234136": ", what these showcases talk about is the textbook", "k6fGepMchXE-00632-00233736-00234151": "they're using and how to get to that, how to access it. What", "k6fGepMchXE-00633-00233751-00234166": "kind of ancillary materials are available to you is a", "k6fGepMchXE-00634-00233766-00234384": "faculty member.  Are there test", "k6fGepMchXE-00635-00234720-00235120": "banks, are there online", "k6fGepMchXE-00636-00234720-00235129": "homework systems that come along with his open textbook.", "k6fGepMchXE-00637-00234729-00235148": "Really critical information for you as faculty. Then they", "k6fGepMchXE-00638-00234748-00235384": "talk about the course that is taught at the college.  If it", "k6fGepMchXE-00639-00234984-00235384": "is introduction to", "k6fGepMchXE-00640-00236311-00236711": "psychology, it will map into the common", "k6fGepMchXE-00641-00236311-00236725": "course idea for that. That as we know every college has its", "k6fGepMchXE-00642-00236325-00236783": "own set of learning outcomes for their student. You will get", "k6fGepMchXE-00643-00236383-00236984": "to see exactly how that matches up with your", "k6fGepMchXE-00644-00237102-00237502": "college.", "k6fGepMchXE-00645-00237102-00237509": "And finally they talk about the adoption process at their", "k6fGepMchXE-00646-00237109-00237534": "institution. Who do they work with?  Did they work with", "k6fGepMchXE-00647-00237134-00237987": "librarians?  Did they find the textbooks?  Did they work", "k6fGepMchXE-00648-00237587-00238084": "with the", "k6fGepMchXE-00649-00238955-00239355": "bookstoreIn some cases, faculty worked with the", "k6fGepMchXE-00650-00238955-00239377": "bookstores to order a set of books for students to purchase.", "k6fGepMchXE-00651-00238977-00239384": "In some cases, teachers don't because students don't really", "k6fGepMchXE-00652-00238984-00239584": "need a printed", "k6fGepMchXE-00653-00239973-00240373": "copy or does not a requirement. Students", "k6fGepMchXE-00654-00239973-00240385": "still have the option, but there are many ways to address", "k6fGepMchXE-00656-00239998-00240434": "that.  And finally student feedback.  What did students at", "k6fGepMchXE-00657-00240034-00240536": "think?", "k6fGepMchXE-00658-00240136-00241134": "I can see I have being moving along here quite", "k6fGepMchXE-00659-00241084-00241484": "quickly, but", "k6fGepMchXE-00661-00241100-00241534": "I wanted to show you a number of faculty showcases.  I think", "k6fGepMchXE-00662-00241134-00241534": "I'm going to", "k6fGepMchXE-00663-00242384-00242797": "have to limit it to one at this point. You can", "k6fGepMchXE-00664-00242397-00242812": "see we have showcases in biology, chemistry, mike or", "k6fGepMchXE-00665-00242426-00242826": "microeconomics,", "k6fGepMchXE-00666-00242426-00243231": "history, college algebra, physics, public speaking,", "k6fGepMchXE-00667-00242831-00243721": "sociology, statistics.  A couple are still in the process of", "k6fGepMchXE-00668-00243321-00244284": "getting posted.  I'm going to actually -- since probably", "k6fGepMchXE-00669-00243884-00244484": "most of our folks", "k6fGepMchXE-00670-00244609-00245009": "online are from community colleges, I'm", "k6fGepMchXE-00671-00244609-00245557": "going to choose one.  This is a wonderful one and it is an", "k6fGepMchXE-00672-00245157-00245784": "array go from college of the canyons.  She and four of her", "k6fGepMchXE-00673-00245384-00245984": "faculty in the sociology", "k6fGepMchXE-00674-00246028-00246428": "department is a professor there and", "k6fGepMchXE-00675-00246028-00246483": "the department chair.  Dave adopted an open textbook four or", "k6fGepMchXE-00676-00246083-00246934": "five years ago.  They continue to revise it every other year", "k6fGepMchXE-00677-00246534-00247534": "and update it and it is a wonderful example of a adopted", "k6fGepMchXE-00678-00247134-00247734": "community.", "k6fGepMchXE-00679-00247334-00248034": "This one is public speaking at California State University", "k6fGepMchXE-00680-00247634-00248578": "system.  This is Dr. Mark Stoner and he adopted the public", "k6fGepMchXE-00681-00248178-00249084": "speaking project textbook.  Went think", "k6fGepMchXE-00682-00249584-00249984": "I'm think was", "k6fGepMchXE-00683-00249584-00249999": "interesting in talking with Mark about adopting this open", "k6fGepMchXE-00684-00249599-00250012": "textbook was, he said he appreciated the fact it did not", "k6fGepMchXE-00685-00249612-00250284": "feel compelled to use every chapter of the textbook to", "k6fGepMchXE-00686-00249884-00250734": "justify the high cost.  In fact, I ended up using all of", "k6fGepMchXE-00687-00250534-00250934": "the", "k6fGepMchXE-00688-00250534-00251284": "chapters, but it was organic and it came from my course", "k6fGepMchXE-00689-00250884-00251284": "design rather than a", "k6fGepMchXE-00690-00252134-00252534": "compulsion.", "k6fGepMchXE-00691-00252134-00252546": "He also as I value OER for their freedom of choice,", "k6fGepMchXE-00692-00252146-00252584": "usability, adaptability, accessibility and convenience that", "k6fGepMchXE-00693-00252184-00252784": "they", "k6fGepMchXE-00694-00254014-00254414": "provide.  Another wonderful testimonial.", "k6fGepMchXE-00695-00254014-00254427": "Here is a reset break that. She is a physics professor at", "k6fGepMchXE-00696-00254027-00254448": "the University of California at Davis. She uses the OpenStax", "k6fGepMchXE-00697-00254048-00254584": "College physics book for her California physics textbook.", "k6fGepMchXE-00698-00254184-00254784": "What she says", "k6fGepMchXE-00699-00255352-00255752": "is just a quick quote that no textbook is", "k6fGepMchXE-00700-00255352-00255767": "perfect.  This is a very good textbook and has lots of", "k6fGepMchXE-00701-00255367-00255786": "wonderful everyday examples for her students and it is free", "k6fGepMchXE-00702-00255386-00256034": "online.", "k6fGepMchXE-00703-00256030-00256436": "And she supplemented it with material, but she does", "k6fGepMchXE-00704-00256036-00256736": "that with every textbook and she is very pleased with this.", "k6fGepMchXE-00705-00256336-00257184": "In fact, she surveyed her students about the use of the", "k6fGepMchXE-00706-00256784-00257184": "textbook", "k6fGepMchXE-00707-00257559-00257959": ".  One semester last year she gave them a choice", "k6fGepMchXE-00708-00257568-00257984": "between commercial textbook they had being using in her", "k6fGepMchXE-00709-00257584-00258485": "department and this textbook.  And her students came back", "k6fGepMchXE-00710-00258085-00258684": "pretty overwhelmingly send they", "k6fGepMchXE-00711-00258771-00259171": "preferred the OpenStax", "k6fGepMchXE-00712-00258771-00259184": "physics textbook.", "k6fGepMchXE-00713-00258784-00259484": "It is wonderful when faculty actually after", "k6fGepMchXE-00714-00259566-00259966": "students as", "k6fGepMchXE-00715-00259566-00259984": "their students and an anonymous type survey and get that", "k6fGepMchXE-00716-00259566-00260234": "kind of input.", "k6fGepMchXE-00717-00259834-00260784": "And finally, this is Dr. Larry green from Lake Topalov", "k6fGepMchXE-00718-00260384-00260934": "Community College.  Wonderful math instructor at the Lake", "k6fGepMchXE-00719-00260534-00261330": "Tahoe who Community College", "k6fGepMchXE-00720-00261155-00261555": "you into adopted introductory", "k6fGepMchXE-00721-00261155-00261784": "statistics which is another OpenStax College", "k6fGepMchXE-00722-00262516-00262916": "textbook.  And", "k6fGepMchXE-00723-00262516-00262926": "briefly Larry says over the years it has been frustrating to", "k6fGepMchXE-00724-00262526-00262950": "see the students in sticker shock when I told them the", "k6fGepMchXE-00725-00262550-00263184": "textbook would cost them $150", "k6fGepMchXE-00726-00263235-00263647": "each.  It is unfair those in", "k6fGepMchXE-00727-00263247-00263658": "the minority with adequate funds were the only ones who were", "k6fGepMchXE-00728-00263258-00263884": "able to purchase the", "k6fGepMchXE-00729-00263902-00264302": "textbook.  He was thrilled when he", "k6fGepMchXE-00730-00263902-00264313": "found this textbook and once again this is the one we talked", "k6fGepMchXE-00731-00263913-00264684": "about earlier that was written by two statistic professors", "k6fGepMchXE-00732-00264284-00264884": "at DeAnza", "k6fGepMchXE-00733-00265006-00265406": "College.  It was made available as an open", "k6fGepMchXE-00734-00265006-00265634": "textbook they are.  Larry then adopted it and the", "k6fGepMchXE-00735-00265777-00266177": "onto right", "k6fGepMchXE-00736-00265777-00266184": "online homework system which he makes available to faculty", "k6fGepMchXE-00737-00265784-00266387": "who are interested in it.  It is aligned with this textbook.", "k6fGepMchXE-00738-00265987-00266834": "These folks started with adopting an open textbook", "k6fGepMchXE-00739-00266784-00267184": "and over", "k6fGepMchXE-00740-00266784-00267384": "time, many of them added supplementary material and the", "k6fGepMchXE-00741-00266984-00267884": "COOLforEd library will not only", "k6fGepMchXE-00742-00267860-00268260": "have those Open Textbooks", "k6fGepMchXE-00744-00267884-00268484": "Dave adopted, but also have their ancillary", "k6fGepMchXE-00745-00268747-00269147": "materials.  So", "k6fGepMchXE-00746-00268747-00269161": "that you is a faculty member can start out with a lot of", "k6fGepMchXE-00747-00268761-00269384": "wonderful materials as you go down this path.", "k6fGepMchXE-00748-00269522-00270084": "This summer, the OER Council worked with faculty throughout", "k6fGepMchXE-00749-00269684-00270284": "California.", "k6fGepMchXE-00750-00270985-00271390": "There was five areas are reviewed and the first", "k6fGepMchXE-00751-00270990-00271404": "five courses were public speaking, microeconomics, US", "k6fGepMchXE-00752-00271004-00271434": "history, introduction to chemistry, and introduction to", "k6fGepMchXE-00753-00271034-00271884": "statistics.  What the OER Council did was found a", "k6fGepMchXE-00754-00271684-00272084": "faculty", "k6fGepMchXE-00755-00271684-00272484": "member who teaches in that discipline from each of the", "k6fGepMchXE-00756-00272084-00272734": "systems and all three of those", "k6fGepMchXE-00757-00273311-00273711": "folks, their were three on", "k6fGepMchXE-00758-00273311-00273726": "each panel. The public speaking panel had a Community", "k6fGepMchXE-00759-00273326-00273784": "College professor. ACS you and US professor and they are", "k6fGepMchXE-00760-00273384-00274367": "reviewed the same three textbooks.  Does appear reviews were", "k6fGepMchXE-00761-00273967-00274383": "completed and the end of August and they're just about to be", "k6fGepMchXE-00762-00273983-00274831": "posted on the site.  Stay tuned for", "k6fGepMchXE-00763-00274634-00275584": "thatU", "k6fGepMchXE-00764-00276008-00276434": "On the COOLforEd site you will see these courses and there", "k6fGepMchXE-00765-00276034-00276834": "will be a link for going to the open peer, open text.", "k6fGepMchXE-00766-00276434-00277134": "Reviews and this should be active at the end of", "k6fGepMchXE-00767-00277084-00277484": "November.", "k6fGepMchXE-00768-00277581-00278006": "I want to give you a few minutes to ask questions.  I have a", "k6fGepMchXE-00769-00277606-00278499": "feeling there have been questions I have missed.  I will", "k6fGepMchXE-00770-00278099-00278534": "certainly ask Anne to catch me up on that.  If you're", "k6fGepMchXE-00771-00278134-00278784": "interested in peer reviewing in your", "k6fGepMchXE-00772-00278922-00279322": "discipline, or", "k6fGepMchXE-00773-00278922-00279334": "recommending an open textbook, please take the faculty", "k6fGepMchXE-00774-00278934-00279734": "surveyed.  It is there at", "k6fGepMchXE-00775-00279653-00280053": "the eye cast website. P or", "k6fGepMchXE-00776-00279653-00280069": "website.  Reviewers", "k6fGepMchXE-00777-00279669-00280616": "get a stipend for reviewing Open Textbooks and of course the", "k6fGepMchXE-00778-00280216-00280634": "eternal gratitude of the project for those who are willing", "k6fGepMchXE-00779-00280234-00280832": "to do", "k6fGepMchXE-00780-00281231-00281634": "that.  If you have already oh adopted an open textbook", "k6fGepMchXE-00781-00281234-00281650": "or open educational resource and you would like to share", "k6fGepMchXE-00782-00281250-00282184": "that, we would love to feature you in one of our showcases.", "k6fGepMchXE-00783-00281784-00282434": "Please contact us at the COOLforEd at CDL.edu.  And we will", "k6fGepMchXE-00784-00282034-00282984": "be happy to work with you and arrange an interview so we can", "k6fGepMchXE-00785-00282584-00283184": "share your good work with", "k6fGepMchXE-00786-00283925-00284325": "everybody.  If you're interested", "k6fGepMchXE-00787-00283925-00284334": "in this and you want to share this with your students, we", "k6fGepMchXE-00788-00283934-00284361": "are also trying to get student input not only is it? Right", "k6fGepMchXE-00789-00283961-00284385": "thing to do is get in student input on this because they are", "k6fGepMchXE-00790-00283985-00284934": "the primary beneficiary that this works our faculty will", "k6fGepMchXE-00791-00285486-00285886": "do.", "k6fGepMchXE-00792-00285486-00285934": "But the legislation requires that we involve students as", "k6fGepMchXE-00793-00285534-00286134": "well.", "k6fGepMchXE-00794-00286584-00286998": "So from both perspectives, we really want to get", "k6fGepMchXE-00795-00286598-00287034": "student input in there and a survey for them is there as", "k6fGepMchXE-00796-00286598-00287084": "well.", "k6fGepMchXE-00797-00286684-00287600": "The California OER Council has a Facebook page.  You can go", "k6fGepMchXE-00798-00287200-00287634": "ahead and like that and see updates.  COOLforEd updates get", "k6fGepMchXE-00799-00287234-00287834": "posted they're and", "k6fGepMchXE-00800-00288184-00288599": "the for cool for educate go to our", "k6fGepMchXE-00801-00288199-00288616": "website and see with the latest thing is happening. The", "k6fGepMchXE-00802-00288216-00288634": "Facebook is a fun way to stay informed about what is going", "k6fGepMchXE-00803-00288234-00288984": "on on the project.", "k6fGepMchXE-00804-00288778-00289434": "Now I would like to open this up for", "k6fGepMchXE-00805-00290014-00290414": "questions.", "k6fGepMchXE-00806-00290014-00290434": ">> It looks like you have been pretty good keeping up with", "k6fGepMchXE-00807-00290034-00290450": "the question so far. Scott asked of the 50 courses, how many", "k6fGepMchXE-00808-00290050-00290784": "have Open Textbooks that can be obtained now?", "k6fGepMchXE-00809-00290384-00291336": ">> UNA DALY:  Scott, we have Open Textbooks, what we call", "k6fGepMchXE-00810-00290936-00291684": "candidates for all 50 courses at", "k6fGepMchXE-00811-00291818-00292218": "this point.  I take that", "k6fGepMchXE-00812-00291818-00292234": "back.  There are a couple", "k6fGepMchXE-00813-00292429-00292829": "exceptions.  One in particular we", "k6fGepMchXE-00814-00292429-00293234": "are having a hard time with is child development.  We are", "k6fGepMchXE-00815-00292834-00293435": "not finding open textbook for", "k6fGepMchXE-00816-00293735-00294135": "that.  But mostly we do have", "k6fGepMchXE-00817-00293735-00294146": "Open Textbooks, but what I would tell you is these Open", "k6fGepMchXE-00818-00293746-00294184": "Textbooks", "k6fGepMchXE-00819-00294234-00294884": ", not all of them fully meet the common core idea", "k6fGepMchXE-00820-00294484-00295384": "description.  Right now, we are in the peer review", "k6fGepMchXE-00821-00295184-00295584": "process", "k6fGepMchXE-00822-00295184-00295835": "were faculty who want to get involved and do these reviews", "k6fGepMchXE-00823-00295435-00296282": "are recommending their potential updates to these textbooks", "k6fGepMchXE-00824-00295882-00296835": "to make them cover the higher common core", "k6fGepMchXE-00825-00298880-00299280": "idea questions.", "k6fGepMchXE-00826-00298880-00299296": "There are candidates and please contact me if you have a", "k6fGepMchXE-00827-00298896-00299306": "particular discipline.  I would be happy to share with you", "k6fGepMchXE-00828-00298906-00299317": "the Open Textbooks that have being compiled so far.", "k6fGepMchXE-00829-00298917-00299331": "You can also access at them through the COOLforEd interface,", "k6fGepMchXE-00830-00298931-00299350": "but I would be happy to take you to a specific discipline.", "k6fGepMchXE-00831-00298950-00299365": "But wants again, until the peer reviews are completed, we", "k6fGepMchXE-00832-00298965-00299734": "don't have recommended textbooks for those courses yet.", "k6fGepMchXE-00833-00299334-00299934": "Great", "k6fGepMchXE-00834-00300273-00300673": "question.  And Jessica asked do the open test words", "k6fGepMchXE-00835-00300273-00300700": "goods", "k6fGepMchXE-00836-00300300-00300935": "have ISBN?  That is a good question.  Open Textbooks are", "k6fGepMchXE-00837-00300535-00301184": "published by many", "k6fGepMchXE-00838-00301786-00302197": "different mechanism.  I briefly mentioned", "k6fGepMchXE-00839-00301797-00302208": "OpenStax college. I have not gone into any detail about them", "k6fGepMchXE-00840-00301808-00302252": "that they are part of the connections, OER", "k6fGepMchXE-00841-00302502-00302902": "repository.  A", "k6fGepMchXE-00842-00302502-00302912": "very old and respected repository that has been around 15", "k6fGepMchXE-00843-00302502-00302934": "15", "k6fGepMchXE-00844-00302534-00303435": "years which is old in the open world.", "k6fGepMchXE-00845-00303035-00303634": "They have ISBN because they tend to stick to their as a", "k6fGepMchXE-00846-00303234-00304054": "publisher model but for instance, we keep textbooks that are", "k6fGepMchXE-00847-00303654-00304634": "produced on a wiki, they generally don't have ISBN.  It", "k6fGepMchXE-00848-00304434-00304834": "will", "k6fGepMchXE-00849-00304434-00305184": "vary.  It is a good", "k6fGepMchXE-00850-00305134-00305534": "question.  Jessica says I don't", "k6fGepMchXE-00851-00305134-00306034": "understand how to adopt it.", "k6fGepMchXE-00852-00305834-00306234": "Jessica, at every college there", "k6fGepMchXE-00853-00305834-00306734": "are steps you take to adopt an open textbook and sometimes", "k6fGepMchXE-00854-00306334-00307234": "it starts with talking to your Dean, your", "k6fGepMchXE-00855-00307034-00307434": "curriculum", "k6fGepMchXE-00856-00307034-00307934": "committee.  And then it expands out", "k6fGepMchXE-00857-00307734-00308376": "from there.  You have to", "k6fGepMchXE-00858-00307976-00308835": "talk with your bookstore.  There is a whole set of processes", "k6fGepMchXE-00859-00308435-00309184": "in adopting an open textbook.", "k6fGepMchXE-00860-00308784-00309534": "That because an open textbook has other pieces to it, we", "k6fGepMchXE-00861-00309184-00309975": "really recommend that you involve all of these stakeholders", "k6fGepMchXE-00862-00309575-00309984": "and", "k6fGepMchXE-00863-00310562-00310962": "make sure, particularly, if this is the first open", "k6fGepMchXE-00864-00310562-00310984": "textbook your college is getting behind in terms of", "k6fGepMchXE-00866-00310632-00311234": "adoption.  I would love to share with you", "k6fGepMchXE-00867-00311357-00311757": "more.  More on", "k6fGepMchXE-00868-00311357-00311784": "that topic at another time.  As Anne mentioned I'm also the", "k6fGepMchXE-00869-00311384-00311984": "director of", "k6fGepMchXE-00870-00312025-00312435": "the open consortium and we have webinars that", "k6fGepMchXE-00871-00312035-00312734": "deal with specific topics like that", "k6fGepMchXE-00872-00312654-00313054": "work how you go about", "k6fGepMchXE-00873-00312654-00313084": "adoption and how you talk to your bookstore manager about", "k6fGepMchXE-00874-00312684-00313484": "the opportunities.  And feel please feel free to contact", "k6fGepMchXE-00875-00313284-00313832": "me.", "k6fGepMchXE-00876-00313432-00314085": "We have a list server on there as well and have a lot of", "k6fGepMchXE-00877-00313685-00314085": "experts", "k6fGepMchXE-00878-00314166-00314580": ", expert faculty and staff and ministers who work", "k6fGepMchXE-00879-00314180-00314586": "with OER all of the time and they're happy to answer", "k6fGepMchXE-00880-00314186-00315034": "questions for", "k6fGepMchXE-00881-00315723-00316123": "peoplea", "k6fGepMchXE-00882-00315723-00316134": "To the online books come with online resources like the paid", "k6fGepMchXE-00883-00315734-00316152": "for versions? That is a great question. We.  We call the", "k6fGepMchXE-00884-00315752-00316434": "supplemental materials were ancillary work the answer is it", "k6fGepMchXE-00885-00316034-00316634": "does", "k6fGepMchXE-00886-00316806-00317206": "depend.  Over time as we build up this big community,", "k6fGepMchXE-00887-00316806-00317606": "there will be more.  The OpenStax College textbooks and I", "k6fGepMchXE-00888-00316806-00317634": "I", "k6fGepMchXE-00889-00317234-00317836": "recommend you go to OpenStax College.org if you're", "k6fGepMchXE-00890-00317436-00318034": "interested in", "k6fGepMchXE-00891-00318378-00318778": "finding these books that have ancillaries.", "k6fGepMchXE-00892-00318378-00318795": "ancillaries.", "k6fGepMchXE-00893-00318395-00319032": "OpenStax College has published so far nine general Ed", "k6fGepMchXE-00894-00318632-00319485": "textbooks ranging from biology to physics, sociology and et", "k6fGepMchXE-00895-00319085-00319684": "cetera.", "k6fGepMchXE-00896-00319863-00320282": "They will publish 20 in the next two years and all", "k6fGepMchXE-00897-00319882-00320284": "of theirs come with ancillaries.  Test banks, online", "k6fGepMchXE-00898-00319884-00320684": "homework systems.", "k6fGepMchXE-00899-00320284-00321084": "That is not true of all open textbook.  Just to keep in", "k6fGepMchXE-00900-00320684-00321634": "mind.  Thank you for", "k6fGepMchXE-00901-00321385-00321987": "sharing.", "k6fGepMchXE-00902-00322878-00323284": ">> While you continue, if anyone has any additional", "k6fGepMchXE-00903-00322884-00323302": "questions, please feel free to put them in the chat window.", "k6fGepMchXE-00904-00322902-00323334": "Real quick before we wrap up today I want to thank everybody", "k6fGepMchXE-00905-00322934-00323534": "for being here with", "k6fGepMchXE-00906-00323816-00324216": "us and send out a survey for you to", "k6fGepMchXE-00907-00323816-00324284": "share how today's session went.  I will put that link in the", "k6fGepMchXE-00908-00323884-00324484": "chat.  I'm going to go", "k6fGepMchXE-00909-00324584-00325385": "ahead  And open that", "k6fGepMchXE-00910-00325234-00325922": "for you in a browser. There", "k6fGepMchXE-00911-00325532-00325932": "browser.  There", "k6fGepMchXE-00912-00325532-00326184": "is an option in that survey for you to provide", "k6fGepMchXE-00913-00326373-00326773": "us with the", "k6fGepMchXE-00914-00326373-00326785": "request for additional topics and we love it when you let us", "k6fGepMchXE-00915-00326385-00326795": "know what you want to here about.  We love to provide that", "k6fGepMchXE-00916-00326395-00327284": "information for you.  If anybody has any additional", "k6fGepMchXE-00917-00326884-00327734": "questions, please feel free to put those in the chat", "k6fGepMchXE-00918-00327484-00327884": "window.", "k6fGepMchXE-00919-00327484-00328134": "Thank you enough for being with us today.  We appreciate you", "k6fGepMchXE-00920-00327734-00328436": "sharing the commission on cool for it.", "k6fGepMchXE-00921-00328036-00329029": ">> UNA DALY:  Thank you Anna.  And thank you for to our", "k6fGepMchXE-00922-00328629-00329084": "audience. They were great questions and I wish we had more", "k6fGepMchXE-00923-00328684-00329653": "time for a longer discussion and maybe we will in the future", "k6fGepMchXE-00924-00329253-00329684": "and talk more about this at the project evolves.  Thank you for inviting me"}}, {"audio_id": "k6xt35UKRhI", "text": {"k6xt35UKRhI-00000-00000019-00000525": "My name is Warrant Officer Courtney Lawrence, and I am the Assistant Director", "k6xt35UKRhI-00001-00000525-00000840": "and Operations Officer for the Commandant's Own, the United States", "k6xt35UKRhI-00002-00000840-00000972": "Marine Drum and Bugle Corps.", "k6xt35UKRhI-00003-00001540-00001889": "Throughout our 85-year history, there's only ever been eleven officers for the", "k6xt35UKRhI-00004-00001889-00002246": "Commandant's Own. I am the first female officer to fill that role.", "k6xt35UKRhI-00005-00002424-00002828": "A year ago, I was a Staff Sergeant in  the phoneme section of the horn line.", "k6xt35UKRhI-00006-00002866-00003044": "I was also the horn line instructor,", "k6xt35UKRhI-00007-00003124-00003500": "and we had a selection process to  choose the next officer for the unit", "k6xt35UKRhI-00008-00003554-00004090": "that included a interview and an audition of us conducting and", "k6xt35UKRhI-00009-00004090-00004230": "rehearsing the unit,", "k6xt35UKRhI-00010-00004304-00004560": "but once I was selected from that I attended the", "k6xt35UKRhI-00011-00004564-00005074": "Warrant Officer Basic course at the Basic School in Quantico, Virginia,", "k6xt35UKRhI-00012-00005074-00005566": "after which I came back and assumed my new duties as the Operations Officer and one", "k6xt35UKRhI-00013-00005566-00005756": "one our Assistant Directors for the unit.", "k6xt35UKRhI-00014-00005874-00006468": "I'm excited to be able to lead in a different capacity throughout this unit I've also been in the unit", "k6xt35UKRhI-00015-00006468-00006895": "for eleven years, so I've had various responsibilities throughout my time here,", "k6xt35UKRhI-00016-00006895-00007494": "and I'm excited to take on a new chapter in that journey."}}, {"audio_id": "k6TznI8BHyk", "text": {"k6TznI8BHyk-00000-00000080-00000528": "hey this is mike class and welcome to vancouver overcast a podcast where we have conversations", "k6TznI8BHyk-00001-00000528-00001048": "with city leaders and innovators my guest on this episode is peter meisner a digital", "k6TznI8BHyk-00002-00001048-00001488": "strategist who audiences will know from his previous on-air work with global tv", "k6TznI8BHyk-00003-00001488-00002056": "peter is a passionate urbanist and publisher of urban yvr a popular architecture website", "k6TznI8BHyk-00004-00002056-00002592": "that showcases new housing office commercial and industrial developments in metro vancouver", "k6TznI8BHyk-00005-00002592-00003168": "you can also find features about public art park space and transit stations you can spend hours", "k6TznI8BHyk-00006-00003168-00003744": "at urbanyvr.com just browsing the hundreds of new buildings plazas and picturesque designs", "k6TznI8BHyk-00007-00003744-00004304": "that are reshaping the fabric and the economy of our metropolitan area peter is a resident of", "k6TznI8BHyk-00008-00004304-00004920": "vancouver's downtown core who has lived in the gas town and yaletown neighborhoods on social media", "k6TznI8BHyk-00009-00004920-00005496": "you can see peter engaging in lively conversations on issues facing our region and the impact on", "k6TznI8BHyk-00010-00005496-00006072": "downtown residents in particular in his spare time peter is also the vice chair of the gastown", "k6TznI8BHyk-00011-00006072-00006552": "historic area planning committee i look forward to hearing his informed perspectives on life in", "k6TznI8BHyk-00012-00006552-00007184": "our city and what lays ahead for the development sector and now it's time for vancouver overcast", "k6TznI8BHyk-00013-00009152-00009656": "i'm very pleased to have peter meisner on the vancouver overcast podcast today peter welcome", "k6TznI8BHyk-00014-00009656-00010184": "um before we get into our more wide-ranging discussion um tell us a little bit about", "k6TznI8BHyk-00015-00010184-00010552": "yourself where do you hail from and you know how did you arrive or where you are today", "k6TznI8BHyk-00016-00010848-00011312": "yeah happy to be here mike and thanks for the opportunity uh hail from nanaimo the", "k6TznI8BHyk-00017-00011312-00011968": "harbor city on vancouver island i grew up there and moved to vancouver right after high school", "k6TznI8BHyk-00018-00012040-00012744": "to pursue my dream of journalism so i applied to the ecit broadcast journalism program", "k6TznI8BHyk-00019-00012744-00013336": "and that was a dream of mine dream of mine um i used to do the announcements in high school", "k6TznI8BHyk-00020-00013400-00014000": "and also had a wrote for the school newspaper even wrote you know a newspaper in the neighborhood", "k6TznI8BHyk-00021-00014096-00014536": "as a teenager so these are some of the things i was doing as a teenager for fun which may seem", "k6TznI8BHyk-00022-00014536-00015128": "kind of unusual but i think a lot of people that are journalists could probably relate to that um", "k6TznI8BHyk-00023-00015128-00015776": "and uh you know moved to vancouver got into the program and then started my career uh first in", "k6TznI8BHyk-00024-00015776-00016376": "online media so as an online news producer for canada.com and that took me to winnipeg", "k6TznI8BHyk-00025-00016376-00017240": "for four years where i got my first job at canvas news service now post media and uh came back to", "k6TznI8BHyk-00026-00017240-00018008": "vancouver in 2008 and started working at global bc so i was their first online news producer and", "k6TznI8BHyk-00027-00018008-00018560": "that was the time when twitter and facebook and all those things were coming up and they were", "k6TznI8BHyk-00028-00018632-00019040": "just looking for somebody to help them get online maintain their website train their", "k6TznI8BHyk-00029-00019040-00019592": "anchors on how to use social media fix the printer troubleshoot the wi-fi like i ended", "k6TznI8BHyk-00030-00019592-00020232": "up being the tech person there as well in kind of a in a certain way but that's a little bit about", "k6TznI8BHyk-00031-00020232-00020832": "where i come from and when i came back to vancouver and and where my story starts back here", "k6TznI8BHyk-00032-00021048-00021440": "and of course um you and i met back then when you were at global and", "k6TznI8BHyk-00033-00021440-00021904": "and i was coming in for um uh for what's the deal or whatever the name", "k6TznI8BHyk-00034-00021904-00022240": "of that show on on on bc one which obviously was a new a new champion", "k6TznI8BHyk-00035-00022464-00022920": "um and so i got to kind of test out my pundit chops back then", "k6TznI8BHyk-00036-00022920-00023216": "um just kind of thinking about the here and now right now", "k6TznI8BHyk-00037-00023288-00023872": "uh obviously we're still in the throes of a of a pandemic um just can you tell me a little bit", "k6TznI8BHyk-00038-00023872-00024360": "about how the pandemic has affected you personally or or either you personally or your work", "k6TznI8BHyk-00039-00024632-00025168": "yeah um it's been challenging for sure i feel very fortunate to have been working throughout", "k6TznI8BHyk-00040-00025168-00025927": "the entire the entire pandemic um i have several friends that lost their jobs unfortunately", "k6TznI8BHyk-00041-00025927-00026583": "uh in the service industry and i just feel very fortunate that i've been employed the entire time", "k6TznI8BHyk-00042-00026583-00027272": "uh working from home since uh march like many uh office uh people who worked in offices it's", "k6TznI8BHyk-00043-00027272-00028016": "been a big adjustment um it's uh is it obviously has some perks no commute i can make lunch for", "k6TznI8BHyk-00044-00028016-00028800": "myself every day i can go for a walk downtown uh if i have time uh i'm fitter than i was uh before", "k6TznI8BHyk-00045-00028800-00029512": "the pandemic believe it or not um but uh it's been an adjustment um from a mental health perspective", "k6TznI8BHyk-00046-00029512-00029864": "i think it's been it's been challenging it's challenging as well um when you're not", "k6TznI8BHyk-00047-00029864-00030416": "interacting with people every day and every day social environment you get a lot of energy from", "k6TznI8BHyk-00048-00030495-00031095": "interacting with people and it's just not the same online so but i do feel that i've adjusted pretty", "k6TznI8BHyk-00049-00031095-00031648": "well and i am looking forward to going back to the office uh eventually um probably later this year", "k6TznI8BHyk-00050-00031936-00032383": "um just i know we all have our bubbles i've got you know my my wife and my daughter", "k6TznI8BHyk-00051-00032383-00032920": "here at home i sort of see my mom i see my in-laws um how big's your bubble these days", "k6TznI8BHyk-00052-00033176-00033856": "it's a few people in my bubble i live alone so um it's challenging as well during the pandemic being", "k6TznI8BHyk-00053-00033936-00034272": "you know i am used to living alone it's been probably five years or", "k6TznI8BHyk-00054-00034272-00034760": "so since i've lived with somebody but uh got a few close friends in my bubble and", "k6TznI8BHyk-00055-00034832-00035424": "do a lot of outdoor things with them so actually today later today i'm going to a birthday picnic", "k6TznI8BHyk-00056-00035424-00035872": "which is now allowed because of the change to the provincial health orders so i'm very happy about", "k6TznI8BHyk-00057-00035872-00036624": "that um and of course i keep in touch with family and friends on whatsapp instagram facebook twitter", "k6TznI8BHyk-00058-00036624-00037232": "like i'm very connected if anything i have to remind myself sometimes to put my phone down", "k6TznI8BHyk-00059-00037232-00037936": "and uh not be so connected yeah no i i know that feeling at all so um as somebody uh", "k6TznI8BHyk-00060-00037936-00038488": "who has personally put a lot of sweat into a web property in my case it was city.citycaucus.com for", "k6TznI8BHyk-00061-00038488-00039112": "a few years i think i can relate to the amount of work that urban that has gone into urbanyvr.com so", "k6TznI8BHyk-00062-00039112-00039568": "um tell me how the site came about and what made it motivates you to keep it going", "k6TznI8BHyk-00063-00039832-00040552": "yeah so i've always been interested in urban development civic civic politics as well but just", "k6TznI8BHyk-00064-00040552-00041008": "issues facing the city architecture has always been a passion of mine i actually really wanted", "k6TznI8BHyk-00065-00041008-00041648": "to be an architect as well as a journalist but i was terrible at math so i didn't pursue that", "k6TznI8BHyk-00066-00041712-00042072": "and you know pursued my other passion which was journalism but", "k6TznI8BHyk-00067-00042072-00042728": "when i was at global news i often pitched stories that affect people downtown whether they were", "k6TznI8BHyk-00068-00042808-00043472": "you know issues happening in the neighborhood or new developments new plazas parks buildings", "k6TznI8BHyk-00069-00043472-00044152": "i remember pitching um the story about vancouver house when that was like in development um uh", "k6TznI8BHyk-00070-00044152-00044664": "in the planning stages as a story that i thought that we should cover um at that time global news", "k6TznI8BHyk-00071-00044664-00045160": "wasn't and a lot of newsrooms they weren't really covering those issues as much and every time we", "k6TznI8BHyk-00072-00045160-00045784": "did those stories we got a lot of great viewer feedback so when i left global in 2015 i really", "k6TznI8BHyk-00073-00045784-00046384": "wanted to continue to report on those urban issues and that's why i started the website urban yvr", "k6TznI8BHyk-00074-00046672-00046960": "so since you began the website which was what year", "k6TznI8BHyk-00075-00047152-00047944": "20 2015 yeah 25th or was it twenty so sorry 2016. so it's been going on almost about five years now", "k6TznI8BHyk-00076-00047944-00048256": "so since you began the work that's right tell me tell me", "k6TznI8BHyk-00077-00048256-00048792": "two things that you can think that have changed the most about development in metro vancouver", "k6TznI8BHyk-00078-00048952-00049616": "just in the past i think the ex yeah so i mean the explosive growth in the suburbs is", "k6TznI8BHyk-00079-00049616-00050032": "astounding to me um when i worked at global as you know it's in burnaby", "k6TznI8BHyk-00080-00050032-00050472": "and i remember going to brentwood well and also driving past it every night on my way home", "k6TznI8BHyk-00081-00050536-00051128": "and it was nothing like it is today i mean it's unbelievable out there there's a ton of towers", "k6TznI8BHyk-00082-00051128-00051648": "and i actually can't even you know it's difficult to keep track of all of them um but it's a lot you", "k6TznI8BHyk-00083-00051648-00052224": "know it's easier to build there right the process for approving building permits is way faster way", "k6TznI8BHyk-00084-00052224-00052888": "easier there's less red tape there's atlantis um so i think that's probably one of the biggest", "k6TznI8BHyk-00085-00052888-00053552": "transformations um in the lower mainland as well as a camby corridor it's unrecognizable as well", "k6TznI8BHyk-00086-00053696-00054544": "and in terms of downtown a lot of a shift to i would say luxury product exclusively there's", "k6TznI8BHyk-00087-00054544-00055312": "very little housing that's being built downtown now that's not extremely high-end housing so um", "k6TznI8BHyk-00088-00055312-00055808": "you know those days of being able to buy a condo and you know just a regular condo tower downtown", "k6TznI8BHyk-00089-00055808-00056479": "for your average person unfortunately are gone um everything that's being built is in my opinion", "k6TznI8BHyk-00090-00056479-00056928": "totally out of reach of most working people in vancouver and that's really changed in the past", "k6TznI8BHyk-00091-00056928-00057376": "five years so those those are probably the biggest transformations in terms of development that i've", "k6TznI8BHyk-00092-00057376-00058032": "seen and also the starchitects uh these buildings by these internationally renowned architects", "k6TznI8BHyk-00093-00058032-00058336": "uh it seems like every time i hear about a new building proposal downtown", "k6TznI8BHyk-00094-00058336-00058696": "there's some big name attached to it and that's something that we didn't see ten years ago", "k6TznI8BHyk-00095-00058791-00059464": "even five years ago do you feel like um just kind of staying on this topic do you feel as the", "k6TznI8BHyk-00096-00059464-00060248": "publisher of a website that um probably looks not neutrally but fairly favorably at the development", "k6TznI8BHyk-00097-00060248-00060960": "industry that you are in a in a position to to comment what you're seeing i mean obviously with", "k6TznI8BHyk-00098-00060960-00061752": "the journalism background you um try to take as a as clear sight on on a subject as possible um but", "k6TznI8BHyk-00099-00061752-00062424": "you know as you've grown into a publisher and somebody who is very present on social media", "k6TznI8BHyk-00100-00062424-00062888": "um you're not shy about your opinions and you're kind of telling me what i'm hearing", "k6TznI8BHyk-00101-00062888-00063424": "is we're developing luxury product downtown we're not building housing that um people from", "k6TznI8BHyk-00102-00063424-00063832": "your generation are going to be able to afford i think i i take that away from what you just said", "k6TznI8BHyk-00103-00064079-00064672": "yup that is true and uh it's a shame in my opinion um i think that there's", "k6TznI8BHyk-00104-00064672-00065208": "a lot of policies policies that have been enacted over the past decade or so that have", "k6TznI8BHyk-00105-00065264-00065768": "resulted in this um whether that's uh some of the rezoning that's been done in the west end", "k6TznI8BHyk-00106-00065840-00066352": "that has created these incredible incredible but ridiculous land valuations", "k6TznI8BHyk-00107-00066352-00066888": "that the only thing that can be built is luxury housing in order to recover those", "k6TznI8BHyk-00108-00066888-00067624": "land costs and that is i think has backfired to be honest with you um um but uh you know i", "k6TznI8BHyk-00109-00067704-00068128": "yes i cover the development and architecture or development industry and architecture but i'm not", "k6TznI8BHyk-00110-00068224-00068760": "working for for them do you know what i mean like i'm a journalist i'm interested in it i'm not i'm", "k6TznI8BHyk-00111-00068760-00069328": "trying to approach things very neutrally but i have lots of opinions as somebody who's young and", "k6TznI8BHyk-00112-00069328-00069880": "you know came here uh to the lower mainland like really with nothing took out student loans", "k6TznI8BHyk-00113-00069936-00070624": "worked my way uh worked hard to you know establish myself here and i look uh to somebody", "k6TznI8BHyk-00114-00070688-00071224": "my friends that are stronger than i am and it's gonna be really difficult for them to build a", "k6TznI8BHyk-00115-00071224-00071896": "life here um it's they don't necessarily see a future here where they could own a even a condo", "k6TznI8BHyk-00116-00071896-00072408": "in a condo um i'm not sure what they're going to do and i'm not sure what i feel like the city it's", "k6TznI8BHyk-00117-00072408-00073072": "not a big enough priority for them um to figure out you know we need to provide housing for for", "k6TznI8BHyk-00118-00073072-00073776": "people that are actually working here uh and not just um social housing and then high-end product", "k6TznI8BHyk-00119-00073776-00074384": "there needs to be you know housing for the average middle-income income earner and that's just not", "k6TznI8BHyk-00120-00074464-00075112": "it's not happening and i understand uh you know the economy you know obviously if you pay 250", "k6TznI8BHyk-00121-00075112-00075624": "million dollars for a piece of property like a property like the white spot georgia how are", "k6TznI8BHyk-00122-00075624-00076104": "you going to provide affordable housing i mean it just doesn't the numbers don't make sense but the", "k6TznI8BHyk-00123-00076104-00076592": "reason that those properties are valued like that is because of city policies that have been enacted", "k6TznI8BHyk-00124-00076664-00077440": "to allow extremely tall buildings for example um expectations about really high cacs i heard about", "k6TznI8BHyk-00125-00077440-00078016": "a project uh the other day on west georgia that's going to have a 29 million dollar cac to the city", "k6TznI8BHyk-00126-00078016-00078536": "the community amenity contribution well that's like you know i think there's 150 units in that", "k6TznI8BHyk-00127-00078536-00079144": "building so divide that 29 million dollars by 150 plus all the other costs and this all gets passed", "k6TznI8BHyk-00128-00079144-00079696": "on to the to the consumer plus rental housing like we're not building enough rental housing downtown", "k6TznI8BHyk-00129-00079768-00080440": "um and the rental housing that we are building is high-end it's only really affordable to", "k6TznI8BHyk-00130-00080440-00081216": "people that are making close to 100 000 a year so where are we expecting people to live and go i", "k6TznI8BHyk-00131-00081272-00081840": "yeah i just don't think i don't think we're doing enough and um it's the city but it's", "k6TznI8BHyk-00132-00081840-00082368": "also industry it's it's not as there's no simple solution i don't know what what the answer is but", "k6TznI8BHyk-00133-00082424-00082824": "it needs a rethink and i just don't see it as a priority for the city to be honest with you", "k6TznI8BHyk-00134-00082824-00083264": "i think they're expecting people to live in smaller and smaller and smaller spaces", "k6TznI8BHyk-00135-00083264-00083672": "commute from the suburbs move to the river district for example that sort of thing", "k6TznI8BHyk-00136-00083968-00084696": "um uh one of the hats i wear is that i have been the uh on the uh board for pal vancouver", "k6TznI8BHyk-00137-00084696-00085144": "which is in the basically in the shadow of that white spot site it's down on cardero and georgia", "k6TznI8BHyk-00138-00085216-00085824": "um and uh it's astonishing to think that that housing that went in there and began", "k6TznI8BHyk-00139-00085824-00086904": "was essentially opened around 2006 was built on city land and would be virtually inconceivable in", "k6TznI8BHyk-00140-00086904-00087520": "in that part of the city today i mean even with free land that kind of housing we're doing another", "k6TznI8BHyk-00141-00087520-00088072": "development in in uh uh new westminster i'm not sure if it's been featured on urban yvr yet but", "k6TznI8BHyk-00142-00088072-00088760": "there is a um uh it's uh there's a tower and a um another building a nine-story building i believe", "k6TznI8BHyk-00143-00088760-00089320": "um that we're building um in downtown new westminster that i'm very excited about and i had", "k6TznI8BHyk-00144-00089320-00089904": "a lot of did a lot of work to make that happen um it's a partnership with the province but um", "k6TznI8BHyk-00145-00090032-00090672": "you know you've um you mentioned the fact that that um we're not we're sort of building this", "k6TznI8BHyk-00146-00090672-00091272": "high-end product and then we're um funding a lot of social housing um there was a discussion", "k6TznI8BHyk-00147-00091272-00091944": "um that you weighed into just recently about a i guess a controversial social housing proposal for", "k6TznI8BHyk-00148-00091944-00092480": "um for granville street in downtown south um can you give me your sort", "k6TznI8BHyk-00149-00092480-00092848": "of thoughts about the proposal and what concerns you would have had around it", "k6TznI8BHyk-00150-00093072-00093560": "so i think there's a couple concerns there um granville street is really", "k6TznI8BHyk-00151-00093560-00094128": "our only entertainment district that's an exclusive street that is meant to be", "k6TznI8BHyk-00152-00094128-00094528": "the city's entertainment district where there can be bars people in the street", "k6TznI8BHyk-00153-00094528-00095240": "um and you know vancouver doesn't have to have amazing nights amazing let's be honest with it", "k6TznI8BHyk-00154-00095240-00095784": "let's be honest about it i mean uh vancouver's not known for its amazing nightlife and we have", "k6TznI8BHyk-00155-00095784-00096528": "granville street and that is you know a center of nightlife uh that uh and our entertainment and i", "k6TznI8BHyk-00156-00096528-00097024": "just don't think that housing on granville street is necessarily compatible with what grapple street", "k6TznI8BHyk-00157-00097024-00097520": "is intended to be and that is the entertainment district and the downtown vancouver business", "k6TznI8BHyk-00158-00097520-00098064": "improvement association has done a lot of work to develop a vision for granville street in terms of", "k6TznI8BHyk-00159-00098120-00098776": "encouraging more restaurants more entertainment venues perhaps patios that sort of thing and it", "k6TznI8BHyk-00160-00098776-00099360": "just runs counter the city's uh intentions to essentially rezone part of granville street to", "k6TznI8BHyk-00161-00099360-00099832": "encourage the development of social housing it really runs counter to the downtown vancouver", "k6TznI8BHyk-00162-00099896-00100656": "bias vision for the street and i just i don't understand why the city is not taking the advice", "k6TznI8BHyk-00163-00100656-00101344": "of the bia like the bia is the expert on granville street but the city has other ideas about what", "k6TznI8BHyk-00164-00101344-00101888": "they think should be happening and also uh i think that if we're going to be concentrating", "k6TznI8BHyk-00165-00102000-00102648": "concentrating you know large areas of supportive housing in one area i don't think is necessarily", "k6TznI8BHyk-00166-00102648-00103240": "a great idea i mean we just have to look at what the situation is in the downtown east side", "k6TznI8BHyk-00167-00103320-00103864": "and what happens when you have supportive housing concentrated in one area nothing else", "k6TznI8BHyk-00168-00103959-00104383": "it's not good for anybody it's not good for the people that live there it's not good", "k6TznI8BHyk-00169-00104383-00105016": "for the city for the fabric of the city and i believe in creating more mixed neighborhoods", "k6TznI8BHyk-00170-00105080-00105783": "so i have concerns about what the city's plans are to once again place all this social housing", "k6TznI8BHyk-00171-00105783-00106456": "in this small area and on top of that the issue that i was just chatting about about gravel street", "k6TznI8BHyk-00172-00106456-00106935": "that it's the entertainment district right you know these social housing sites that the city is", "k6TznI8BHyk-00173-00106935-00107383": "identifying as possible well possible sites for social housing on gravel street are right across", "k6TznI8BHyk-00174-00107383-00108072": "from the yale saloon um the morrissey like this is still a part of the entertainment district", "k6TznI8BHyk-00175-00108144-00108440": "um so it just doesn't seem to make a lot of sense to me and i", "k6TznI8BHyk-00176-00108528-00109344": "just wonder why and on top of that i think that the rollout of the howard johnson hotel", "k6TznI8BHyk-00177-00109344-00109856": "purchased by the province as supportive housing was very difficult for the neighborhood i don't", "k6TznI8BHyk-00178-00109856-00110504": "think it was there was no consultation obviously it was just purchased and people were placed there", "k6TznI8BHyk-00179-00110559-00111000": "and i think it's been really challenging for for the neighborhood i feel that", "k6TznI8BHyk-00180-00111072-00111440": "a lot of the residents that are living there don't necessarily have the supports that they need", "k6TznI8BHyk-00181-00111608-00111888": "to be successful living in that environment", "k6TznI8BHyk-00182-00112016-00112359": "there's been a dramatic change in the neighborhood and i'm not saying that", "k6TznI8BHyk-00183-00112359-00112896": "it's just because of that building but the way that that was handled and rolled out i think was", "k6TznI8BHyk-00184-00113016-00113768": "was less than ideal so i wonder what the plans are for these social housing sites i have you know i", "k6TznI8BHyk-00185-00113768-00114344": "think we have reason to be concerned about what's planned because we don't know what the plan is", "k6TznI8BHyk-00186-00114488-00115008": "yeah you did sort of ask the question you know you know you wonder what the motivation", "k6TznI8BHyk-00187-00115008-00115520": "was to go in that particular area but um i'm sure the city has its own justification and", "k6TznI8BHyk-00188-00115520-00115968": "i know there's been some pushback i saw um some housing advocates on twitter that were", "k6TznI8BHyk-00189-00116048-00116552": "of the view that you know we've got to take any opportunity we can to find more more social", "k6TznI8BHyk-00190-00116552-00117288": "housing so it again um i appreciate the fact that you're at least weighing into the issue", "k6TznI8BHyk-00191-00117288-00117664": "um i think a lot of people many people are just kind of throwing up their hands", "k6TznI8BHyk-00192-00117664-00118183": "in frustration and as you mentioned um you know some many people your age and i'm not trying to", "k6TznI8BHyk-00193-00118280-00119159": "sort of put you into a into a box of just because of your age um but let's face it um getting your", "k6TznI8BHyk-00194-00119159-00119735": "feet on the ground in terms of a career starting a family or or even owning or being able to afford", "k6TznI8BHyk-00195-00119735-00120248": "housing in vancouver all of those things are important choices and they're really difficult", "k6TznI8BHyk-00196-00120248-00120840": "choices these days so i want to talk a little bit about um life in downtown vancouver in", "k6TznI8BHyk-00197-00120840-00121432": "general i saw your tweet about the um little mini encampment that took place in front of the mayor's", "k6TznI8BHyk-00198-00121535-00122480": "condo tower it provoked a story on global news um yes again i'm not trying to pick on the mayor here", "k6TznI8BHyk-00199-00122480-00123224": "but uh it does seems seem like that uh there isn't a consistent standard in what we what we expect", "k6TznI8BHyk-00200-00123224-00123688": "of it and but let's focus instead of talking about that one incident just tell us about", "k6TznI8BHyk-00201-00123688-00124416": "your view of living in the downtown core right now or down to the yaletown neighborhood yeah", "k6TznI8BHyk-00202-00124416-00124872": "i'm probably at the library just on the border just on the border there and so", "k6TznI8BHyk-00203-00124944-00125424": "what do you like let's start with maybe to say what do you like about living in the downtown", "k6TznI8BHyk-00204-00125672-00126224": "i mean i love living downtown i always wanted to live downtown when i was growing up and we", "k6TznI8BHyk-00205-00126224-00126640": "would go on school field trips to science world or we'd drive out to see family in the", "k6TznI8BHyk-00206-00126640-00127072": "fraser valley we would sometimes drive through downtown and i would look up the buildings and", "k6TznI8BHyk-00207-00127072-00127568": "think like oh i want to live there one day but i mean what i love about downtown is", "k6TznI8BHyk-00208-00127568-00127959": "you know the same thing a lot of people love is you can go out go out your door and", "k6TznI8BHyk-00209-00127959-00128359": "walk everywhere you can walk to a coffee shop you can walk to get groceries you can", "k6TznI8BHyk-00210-00128359-00128992": "walk and sit in the park which i was doing this morning with a coffee and it's dynamic and it's", "k6TznI8BHyk-00211-00128992-00129559": "there's always people around um i also think that the urban environment downtown is beautiful you", "k6TznI8BHyk-00212-00129559-00130216": "know i think there's great examples of planning and beautiful streets and beautiful buildings i i", "k6TznI8BHyk-00213-00130216-00131008": "find it very energizing um living downtown um but sorry what was the second part of your question", "k6TznI8BHyk-00214-00131144-00131792": "i think um i i did want to hear and you've done a great job of describing why you like living", "k6TznI8BHyk-00215-00131792-00132424": "downtown and and i suppose the flip side of that the flip side of that question is what", "k6TznI8BHyk-00216-00132424-00132920": "would you change about where your community right now if you had the power to do that", "k6TznI8BHyk-00217-00133088-00133920": "yeah okay i think that we have a reluctance in vancouver to make big bold exciting", "k6TznI8BHyk-00218-00133984-00134584": "place making decisions um the plaza in front of the art gallery is a perfect example", "k6TznI8BHyk-00219-00134640-00135160": "and i'm talking about the robson street um portion so that's been under construction", "k6TznI8BHyk-00220-00135160-00135856": "for i don't know two to three years now and it's just one block of you know closing the street to", "k6TznI8BHyk-00221-00135856-00136240": "make a plaza which i think is a great idea and i think it's going to be amazing when it's open", "k6TznI8BHyk-00222-00136328-00137064": "but just the fact that it's taken that long to create that one block of a pedestrian friendly", "k6TznI8BHyk-00223-00137064-00137568": "you know plaza is ridiculous i mean i was in montreal i was in montreal", "k6TznI8BHyk-00224-00137568-00138224": "last time um when we could you know take a bit of a travel break um with covet", "k6TznI8BHyk-00225-00138296-00138960": "19 of course but uh saint catherine's street in in montreal they've done what they've done in front", "k6TznI8BHyk-00226-00138960-00139456": "of the art gallery for probably 10 blocks maybe 15 blocks and they were when i was there they", "k6TznI8BHyk-00227-00139456-00140112": "were building more and more blocks that were car free pedestrian friendly similar kind of design", "k6TznI8BHyk-00228-00140168-00140840": "in terms of the quality of the urban environment and i just everything in vancouver takes forever", "k6TznI8BHyk-00229-00140840-00141360": "like i understand that i understand that they're having consultation but we need to think really", "k6TznI8BHyk-00230-00141360-00141992": "big about what kind of city we want to create and i feel that we're just falling behind there hasn't", "k6TznI8BHyk-00231-00141992-00142680": "been a lot of city making place making initiatives in the city and i feel that you know cover 19 was", "k6TznI8BHyk-00232-00142680-00143288": "a really great time for us to reflect on what we really want in our downtown core", "k6TznI8BHyk-00233-00143360-00143952": "and there's just been a huge reluctance to even allow you know restaurants to have patios for", "k6TznI8BHyk-00234-00143952-00144832": "example to close off portions of streets to create more outdoor dining space um it's just it's just", "k6TznI8BHyk-00235-00144832-00145344": "makes you think you know vancouver is a global city we have a huge opportunity here we have", "k6TznI8BHyk-00236-00145424-00145832": "you know big things happening there's a lot of office development underway there's going", "k6TznI8BHyk-00237-00145832-00146264": "to be thousands of workers that are going to be working downtown say the post office for example", "k6TznI8BHyk-00238-00146360-00146952": "i just we got to have we need somebody with vision we need and i'm not trying to pick on the mayor", "k6TznI8BHyk-00239-00147008-00147648": "but we need a leader with vision who is not afraid to make things happen and i just don't know", "k6TznI8BHyk-00240-00147816-00148616": "and everything's and everything's seen involved and we're yeah we gotta think bigger um", "k6TznI8BHyk-00241-00148760-00149480": "since talking about where how slowly and your sounds like your frustration", "k6TznI8BHyk-00242-00149480-00150160": "with how vancouver is moving forward or or it's in its inability to really do that", "k6TznI8BHyk-00243-00150232-00150672": "um which municipality in metro vancouver you think is charting charting the course", "k6TznI8BHyk-00244-00150672-00150944": "for development and economic growth that impresses you most", "k6TznI8BHyk-00245-00151248-00151680": "i think the city of norfolk vancouver is is very impressive i look at what they look at their", "k6TznI8BHyk-00246-00151792-00152456": "developments down in lonsdale key i was just there a few days ago um it's fantastic it's pedestrian", "k6TznI8BHyk-00247-00152456-00153464": "friendly it's like a lot of public amenities it's not just um condos on the waters a large area for", "k6TznI8BHyk-00248-00153464-00154200": "children to play there's restaurants it's very well integrated and when you drive down longsdale", "k6TznI8BHyk-00249-00154200-00154736": "there's a lot of patios they were one of the first municipalities to really allow restaurants", "k6TznI8BHyk-00250-00154736-00155312": "to create curbside patios during the kova 19 pandemic it seemed to happen really really quickly", "k6TznI8BHyk-00251-00155464-00155912": "i think in in burnaby some of the master planning that's happening in terms of the brentwood", "k6TznI8BHyk-00252-00155912-00156384": "neighborhood the low heat neighborhood the metro town neighborhood is really impressive and gives", "k6TznI8BHyk-00253-00156384-00156992": "us a lot of certainty to developers of housing that they know what they can build it's not", "k6TznI8BHyk-00254-00156992-00157560": "like vancouver where it's spot rezonings all over the place and it takes forever for housing to get", "k6TznI8BHyk-00255-00157560-00158072": "through the process because you know people like to hate on developers but first but developers", "k6TznI8BHyk-00256-00158072-00158712": "are providing housing for us and we need do we have a housing shortage a housing crisis so by", "k6TznI8BHyk-00257-00158712-00159104": "making it more difficult for them to provide that housing it's increasing the cost for everybody", "k6TznI8BHyk-00258-00159176-00159840": "um but those are two cities where i see really great urban environments being created", "k6TznI8BHyk-00259-00159896-00160464": "as well as victoria i think victoria is doing a fantastic job uh following in vancouver's", "k6TznI8BHyk-00260-00160464-00160912": "footsteps with encouraging bike lanes and that sort of thing that are well integrated", "k6TznI8BHyk-00261-00160912-00161576": "into the into the streets and not impeding the flow of traffic um and also the scale of the", "k6TznI8BHyk-00262-00161576-00162224": "city in victoria they have not necessarily huge 60-story towers but they have more human scale", "k6TznI8BHyk-00263-00162224-00162744": "development that's very high quality and well integrated into the urban environment so those are", "k6TznI8BHyk-00264-00162744-00163216": "some places that stand out to me around around the lower mainland anyways and on the island", "k6TznI8BHyk-00265-00163376-00163984": "you mentioned the uh the master planning happening around brentwood is one example in the burnaby", "k6TznI8BHyk-00266-00163984-00164832": "neighborhood i'm i work in the metrotown area um i i kind of despair in some ways of of the", "k6TznI8BHyk-00267-00164832-00165576": "the great towers that are going up to their 45 or 55 uh stories like they are in brentwood but", "k6TznI8BHyk-00268-00165576-00166240": "nothing to really together on the ground i'm i'm really worried we and and i was very critical", "k6TznI8BHyk-00269-00166352-00166904": "of kennedy stewart in fact i was the only person who wrote to my knowledge an actual", "k6TznI8BHyk-00270-00166904-00167488": "um mainstream published article that ran in burnaby now vancouver courier that said um", "k6TznI8BHyk-00271-00167544-00168240": "as member of parliament for burnaby south um he did virtually nothing to deal with the raising of", "k6TznI8BHyk-00272-00168240-00169128": "affordable housing that of elderly and racialized people um very very affordable housing there as", "k6TznI8BHyk-00273-00169128-00169712": "mayor corgan the previous mayor saw fit to kind of move forward and not replace any of it with any", "k6TznI8BHyk-00274-00169712-00170360": "um affordable housing and um that was super frustrating to me and he took a few punches at me", "k6TznI8BHyk-00275-00170360-00171104": "uh in some of his comments afterwards but i think it was fair game but again not to focus on him i", "k6TznI8BHyk-00276-00171104-00171736": "am uh i you mentioned the master planning i i am hopeful that they're able to turn those places", "k6TznI8BHyk-00277-00171736-00172424": "that are actually a lot of big building sites the last few years into real neighborhoods um and so", "k6TznI8BHyk-00278-00172424-00172992": "i look forward to that master planning process i have to say at this point skeptical i'm i'm still", "k6TznI8BHyk-00279-00172992-00173704": "waiting uh for there to be energy on the ground where where families and and communities can", "k6TznI8BHyk-00280-00173760-00174392": "like i see in some of the neighborhoods that we have in vancouver so um yeah moving on i", "k6TznI8BHyk-00281-00174392-00174840": "do think that one of the mike i was just going to mention that you know one of the great things that", "k6TznI8BHyk-00282-00174840-00175280": "burnaby is doing now is they are requiring the one-for-one replacement of those of the rental", "k6TznI8BHyk-00283-00175280-00175848": "housing that was demolished um for those those newer developments so that's fantastic i mean", "k6TznI8BHyk-00284-00175848-00176408": "that's something that vancouver should be doing um and that was because of the new mayor mayor hurley", "k6TznI8BHyk-00285-00176408-00176920": "in burnaby and yeah that should have happened five to ten years ago i totally agree with you", "k6TznI8BHyk-00286-00176920-00177520": "um but thankfully it's happening now i think it's a great example for municipalities to follow", "k6TznI8BHyk-00287-00177520-00177920": "because developers are still building there you know it still makes financial sense for", "k6TznI8BHyk-00288-00177920-00178352": "them and the people that were living in those um smaller walk-up apartments are getting the", "k6TznI8BHyk-00289-00178352-00178832": "chance to move into these new places at i believe it said similar rates to what they were paying in", "k6TznI8BHyk-00290-00178832-00179360": "the buildings that were demolished so that's a great example of redevelopment that's sensitive", "k6TznI8BHyk-00291-00179360-00179968": "to the existing residents which is of course important actually i remember when the city of", "k6TznI8BHyk-00292-00179968-00180712": "vancouver put a one-for-one rental deal in so if they lost rental um they had it with another unit", "k6TznI8BHyk-00293-00180712-00181360": "now they were not equitable in any way usually you would get maybe a four or five hundred dollar", "k6TznI8BHyk-00294-00181360-00181952": "you know two and a half bedroom uh rental and then you would probably get you know a studio for", "k6TznI8BHyk-00295-00181952-00182456": "eighteen hundred dollars after that is considered to be a replacement exactly sadly but that policy", "k6TznI8BHyk-00296-00182456-00183080": "was originally put in 2007 i think it was uh it was the mpa council today um and then there were", "k6TznI8BHyk-00297-00183080-00183680": "things like um the stir program um i actually was on the city planning commission for in", "k6TznI8BHyk-00298-00183680-00184400": "2007 and 2008 um where uh dr seti pentaker and the rest of the commissioners came up with a", "k6TznI8BHyk-00299-00184472-00185080": "kind of a plan that talked about using um bonus density to try and create rental and then that", "k6TznI8BHyk-00300-00185080-00185840": "turned into a bunch of different programs uh that the vision council brought in uh but um again we", "k6TznI8BHyk-00301-00185840-00186504": "have really failed to just kind of meet that test of providing that housing for that that middle and", "k6TznI8BHyk-00302-00186504-00187048": "uh finding an affordable rental and i i just don't i worry that there's no turning back now the the", "k6TznI8BHyk-00303-00187144-00187912": "the land values uh being what they are um i know that um uh colleen hardwick the city councilor", "k6TznI8BHyk-00304-00187912-00188592": "has been quite vocal about um what she sees as and it echoes a little bit what you were saying i", "k6TznI8BHyk-00305-00188592-00189296": "mean uh she's obviously taken a a a pretty strong viewpoint about large against large development", "k6TznI8BHyk-00306-00189296-00189952": "generally in her vote um but she also talks about how some of those developments are contorting the", "k6TznI8BHyk-00307-00189952-00190736": "market are driving up land prices and so um again it's um you're dancing on a bit of a head of a pin", "k6TznI8BHyk-00308-00190736-00191176": "right now to try and decide whether you want to have more housing or if you want to have um", "k6TznI8BHyk-00309-00191336-00191968": "something that's sustainable and affordable and and so i suppose that's probably one of", "k6TznI8BHyk-00310-00191968-00192504": "the more interesting things about somebody doing a site like urban ybr is that you are", "k6TznI8BHyk-00311-00192584-00192960": "really on the taking a front seat to that taking a look at what's happening right now", "k6TznI8BHyk-00312-00193064-00193712": "i want to just maybe talk about one other topic that you like to showcase on the site is about", "k6TznI8BHyk-00313-00193712-00194424": "public art this is an area that i sometimes sound off about there's a recent piece that was just", "k6TznI8BHyk-00314-00194424-00195232": "brought in in um down by the water in yale town into drake street um sometimes the biennelli um", "k6TznI8BHyk-00315-00195288-00195800": "pieces i think are sometimes really lovely and i just wish they would stay uh but what's your", "k6TznI8BHyk-00316-00195800-00196480": "what's your take on public art particularly in vancouver i think we need more public art for sure", "k6TznI8BHyk-00317-00196640-00197288": "you're talking about with the man um kind of hunched over i tweeted yeah tweeted about it", "k6TznI8BHyk-00318-00197288-00197768": "joking that that's how i feel if i try to run again because i used to run a long time ago and", "k6TznI8BHyk-00319-00197768-00198264": "trying to get back in trying to get back in not enjoying it but uh i think you know the biennale", "k6TznI8BHyk-00320-00198264-00198816": "pieces are fantastic um i hear what you're saying about wanting it wanting some of them", "k6TznI8BHyk-00321-00198816-00199208": "to stay that you really like but i think it's also great that they change all the time keeps things", "k6TznI8BHyk-00322-00199208-00199896": "dynamic and interesting um i was just also i would just use chandelier today which is probably", "k6TznI8BHyk-00323-00199896-00200296": "the uh the chandelier under the gravel street bridge probably one of the most controversial", "k6TznI8BHyk-00324-00200376-00201000": "pieces of public art uh in the city but uh you know tons of people were taking video of it and", "k6TznI8BHyk-00325-00201000-00201656": "talking about it and you know it's it's art art is subjective right not everybody's gonna like", "k6TznI8BHyk-00326-00201656-00202288": "every piece of art um i would like to see more public art but of the biennale variety actually", "k6TznI8BHyk-00327-00202288-00202664": "has a change because it changes i find it keeps the city is always changing", "k6TznI8BHyk-00328-00202664-00203208": "the city's dynamics so i like to see art that's dynamic as well the b le", "k6TznI8BHyk-00329-00203504-00204240": "pieces that were showcased during the olympics were some of my favorite um i one that was", "k6TznI8BHyk-00330-00204240-00204976": "actually in the city richmond miss mao which was super controversial probably made a lot of", "k6TznI8BHyk-00331-00205064-00205384": "people who in that community a little frustrated", "k6TznI8BHyk-00332-00205384-00206152": "but i thought it was a fabulous piece um a big head of lenin with a a", "k6TznI8BHyk-00333-00206152-00206712": "tiny uh i think uh chairman of mao on on the top so at any rate um it was uh but it was", "k6TznI8BHyk-00334-00206880-00207567": "a big shiny chrome uh finish to it as well it it's right across the street from of all places which", "k6TznI8BHyk-00335-00207567-00208280": "makes me wonder why we don't take some of these pieces and put them in our our other neighborhoods", "k6TznI8BHyk-00336-00208280-00208919": "um so people they would be attractions in other places around the city and by the way and just", "k6TznI8BHyk-00337-00209023-00209504": "obviously this is a topic that i i think about sometimes um the east vancouver sign you know", "k6TznI8BHyk-00338-00209504-00210016": "that the east vancouver sign which i think is a fabulous monument of course that came during the", "k6TznI8BHyk-00339-00210016-00210816": "uh olympics and by a vancouver artist uh is going to now have a big building sitting in front of it", "k6TznI8BHyk-00340-00211032-00211584": "yes nature's path headquarters uh read some of the planning minutes around that", "k6TznI8BHyk-00341-00211648-00212112": "um i think they're going to try to orient the building so you can still see the sign i hope", "k6TznI8BHyk-00342-00212112-00212623": "but uh yeah it's it would be very unfortunate if the view of that was blocked because it's very", "k6TznI8BHyk-00343-00212623-00213152": "iconic i mean i've seen people have it on their t-shirts and all sorts of things um that kind", "k6TznI8BHyk-00344-00213152-00213744": "of public art that's permanent um of that variety is awesome like i think that that's a really cool", "k6TznI8BHyk-00345-00213800-00214608": "um kind of icon for the neighborhood and uh yeah love each fan so lived in east all over eastern", "k6TznI8BHyk-00346-00214608-00215376": "at various points in my in my uh my life so um you recently got into an interesting", "k6TznI8BHyk-00347-00215376-00215888": "twitter interaction with karen ward who's an activist who's documented the surge of", "k6TznI8BHyk-00348-00215888-00216504": "of opioid addiction in downtown vancouver i follow her on twitter she's very passionate and pretty", "k6TznI8BHyk-00349-00216504-00217216": "honest and she started off by telling you to f off um that's right yes not the first time", "k6TznI8BHyk-00350-00217216-00217800": "what was interesting to me is you sort of were able to defuse the the discussion and and then you", "k6TznI8BHyk-00351-00217800-00218496": "end up landing some on some points of agreement which is uh always a a rare skill on on twitter", "k6TznI8BHyk-00352-00218496-00219504": "um you know your work on urban yvr showcases a lot of the new um but where people are struggling um", "k6TznI8BHyk-00353-00219592-00220167": "with poverty or with opioid addiction you know where do those people fit in in your view within", "k6TznI8BHyk-00354-00220167-00220688": "our communities well they're definitely part of our community no doubt about it", "k6TznI8BHyk-00355-00220688-00221384": "um and karen and i both want to see people in housing that is supportive and dignified", "k6TznI8BHyk-00356-00221504-00222184": "but you know i don't think that buying an old rundown hotel to warehouse vulnerable people", "k6TznI8BHyk-00357-00222184-00222688": "is the answer and that in my opinion is what happened with the howard johnson on granville", "k6TznI8BHyk-00358-00222848-00223376": "and i just have concerns about that for the neighborhood but most importantly for the", "k6TznI8BHyk-00359-00223376-00224336": "people who are living there these are places that are not necessarily dignified or they have fire", "k6TznI8BHyk-00360-00224336-00225008": "safety issues they have seismic issues they're run down and why are we just writing a check", "k6TznI8BHyk-00361-00225008-00225408": "to buy an old rundown building to warehouse vulnerable people in i mean i think we've", "k6TznI8BHyk-00362-00225408-00225984": "seen over and over again that that is a recipe for disaster that's why the balmoral is closed that's", "k6TznI8BHyk-00363-00225984-00226567": "why the region is closed right and i just see us repeating the same mistakes over and over again", "k6TznI8BHyk-00364-00226671-00227256": "and also i mean if we want to get serious about building social housing we got to make it happen", "k6TznI8BHyk-00365-00227319-00227832": "you know these temporary modular social housing units yes they're filling a gap that they can", "k6TznI8BHyk-00366-00227832-00228232": "be turned around really quickly but i think you and i both know that they're going to be there", "k6TznI8BHyk-00367-00228232-00228976": "for five to ten years maybe even longer so why are we not building more social housing why are we not", "k6TznI8BHyk-00368-00229056-00229767": "um requiring contributions from developers that are building these again high-end buildings", "k6TznI8BHyk-00369-00229767-00230344": "around the city to fund the development of social housing um you know it's sad what's", "k6TznI8BHyk-00370-00230344-00230808": "happening in the downtown east side um for the people that live there and also for the city", "k6TznI8BHyk-00371-00230896-00231936": "uh this is not a neighborhood that is functioning well for anybody um and just the pace of what", "k6TznI8BHyk-00372-00231936-00232392": "we're doing to try a different approach like we need to we need different approaches", "k6TznI8BHyk-00373-00232488-00233048": "we need to listen to the experts in science but we need to we got to try different we got to try", "k6TznI8BHyk-00374-00233048-00233616": "different approaches i mean i think safe supply is is great and we need safe supply that's going", "k6TznI8BHyk-00375-00233616-00234136": "to save lives that's going to save their lives and aaron and i agree on that and and housing", "k6TznI8BHyk-00376-00234136-00234512": "and support and mental health and mental health support um i just don't think you can put somebody", "k6TznI8BHyk-00377-00234512-00235760": "in a room with no supports and be and just uh just think that's really gonna that's um no i mean uh", "k6TznI8BHyk-00378-00235952-00236496": "as somebody who's been a student of municipal politics over these last few decades i i remember", "k6TznI8BHyk-00379-00236664-00237488": "the biggest probably boldest collaboration happened between rich coleman and um and the city", "k6TznI8BHyk-00380-00237488-00238392": "of vancouver rich was the basically the charge of the housing file for 11 years which is the", "k6TznI8BHyk-00381-00238392-00239384": "longest i think anybody ever held that um helped to develop bc housing a very uh i think innovative", "k6TznI8BHyk-00382-00239519-00240167": "organization in terms of housing and development and was able to secure um quite a few sites", "k6TznI8BHyk-00383-00240248-00240776": "around the city of vancouver and as well uh was able to take over the operations of a lot of old", "k6TznI8BHyk-00384-00240776-00241256": "buildings in the downtown side as well those kinds of programs require a huge amount of compromise", "k6TznI8BHyk-00385-00241256-00242112": "in political cooperation that to me that is feels like the missing piece now again i'm not going to", "k6TznI8BHyk-00386-00242112-00242648": "always talk about the mayor because but the mayor has been talking a lot about his interactions", "k6TznI8BHyk-00387-00242648-00243480": "with ottawa for example um and and that's a very important part of it but everybody has to sort of", "k6TznI8BHyk-00388-00243480-00244167": "come to the table and and that's to me something that has been i think sorely missing for a while", "k6TznI8BHyk-00389-00244232-00245223": "is where people want to get to really make uh make things happen on the housing side um so i'm just", "k6TznI8BHyk-00390-00245223-00246048": "going to leave you with one thought i mean um to to share which is about the pandemic again", "k6TznI8BHyk-00391-00246119-00246784": "when it is over um what's the one thing you can't do now that you put at the top of your to-do list", "k6TznI8BHyk-00392-00247160-00248096": "travel probably i'm desperate to go somewhere go somewhere warm i love traveling to latin america", "k6TznI8BHyk-00393-00248096-00248792": "so i'm missing mexico and brazil and argentina and those kinds of places um but another thing", "k6TznI8BHyk-00394-00248792-00249704": "i'm missing is uh is going out and uh you know i'm in my late 30s i'm 38 but uh you know the pace", "k6TznI8BHyk-00395-00249704-00250384": "of going out to the bar club has kind of slowed a lot and uh over the past few years i've admittedly", "k6TznI8BHyk-00396-00250384-00250912": "wanted to stay home and watch netflix and drink wine but uh i think when we're allowed to go out", "k6TznI8BHyk-00397-00250912-00251584": "again i'm going to make more of an effort to to go out and uh get on the get on the dance floor and", "k6TznI8BHyk-00398-00251584-00252184": "showcase my bad dance moves so those are like the two things that um i'm really looking forward to", "k6TznI8BHyk-00399-00252352-00252792": "not the only things i'm looking forward to though of course seeing my family hugging my oma who's in", "k6TznI8BHyk-00400-00252792-00253904": "a care home in 95 um see my co-workers etc host parties missing those for sure yeah wow well um", "k6TznI8BHyk-00401-00253976-00254576": "i for one would be loved to see your dance moves uh if only we could uh no you don't", "k6TznI8BHyk-00402-00254760-00255328": "just is a as a change of pace because um uh this has been a really challenging year", "k6TznI8BHyk-00403-00255328-00256088": "uh but uh i'm i want to thank you uh very much peter for uh allowing me to talk to you for the", "k6TznI8BHyk-00404-00256088-00256671": "first time in in in a way like this we've known each other um uh for the for a few years now but", "k6TznI8BHyk-00405-00256752-00257271": "i mean i got a sense from uh your conversations that you've been holding online that you've", "k6TznI8BHyk-00406-00257271-00257736": "you have a a few things bottled up that you wanted to talk about and i was glad that we were able to", "k6TznI8BHyk-00407-00257736-00258496": "kind of bring those out i i want to remind our listeners to to go check out urbanyvr.com it's", "k6TznI8BHyk-00408-00258496-00259216": "a great site um so much interesting there's a story there i think really of of change um", "k6TznI8BHyk-00409-00259319-00259728": "the eye for design you mentioned the starkit text there's there are some very positive things that", "k6TznI8BHyk-00410-00259728-00260160": "you're documenting there and they're things that we probably need to maybe ask ourselves whether we", "k6TznI8BHyk-00411-00260160-00260880": "are going down the right road um but uh very much uh appreciate um you coming on the podcast and", "k6TznI8BHyk-00412-00260880-00261719": "uh look forward to um a time when we get to um uh speak again hopefully in person yes thanks so much", "k6TznI8BHyk-00413-00261719-00263384": "for having me mike i really enjoyed it excellent all right thanks very much we'll talk to you later", "k6TznI8BHyk-00414-00265032-00265082": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "k7dYVRSJOKY", "text": {"k7dYVRSJOKY-00000-00000013-00000221": "Banburismus Zoom Room: And we are on the cloud! I'm going to hand over to you, Lena. I'm going to mute myself now.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00001-00000222-00003002": "Lena Karvovskaya: Welcome everyone to this uh special edition of the Data Conversations. I'm Lena Karvovskaya. I work at as a community manager for research data management and open science at the at the VU Amsterdam at the library there, and this session today is a part of The Turing way Book Dash.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00002-00003043-00005069": "Lena Karvovskaya: uh so, and and I will be the host, and we decided to start with a short presentation, explaining what the data conversations are and what the Turing Way is, so that both both communities attending kind of know about each other. So yeah, let's just move to the next slide. And uh,", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00003-00005118-00006868": "Lena Karvovskaya: I will explain where i'm coming from. So I I work for the the If you, Amsterdam and uh, my role is to connect research data management uh to facilitate the research data management community at the fuel. And um", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00004-00006869-00009250": "Lena Karvovskaya: the The this uh community involves a lot of support staff at various located at various departments of the University. So while I I work for the library. There are also people involved in research data management who work uh at the Grants office, at the legal department, at the various departments of it, and also involved in the volatility.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00005-00009278-00011286": "Lena Karvovskaya: And uh, my role is uh to connect this expertise and to make sure that researchers need help, that they actually get the help they need. And don't need to go separately to all of this, eh? Departments, and ask if this is the right place for that.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00006-00011350-00013255": "Lena Karvovskaya: Uh, we yeah, I guess we can also move to the next slide uh this uh, uh work i'm doing is uh part of the it like makes us also part of the larger open Science community. Amsterdam. Uh, this is um", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00007-00013278-00016271": "Lena Karvovskaya: uh! This is a actually a bottom up initiative of researchers from Ufa who wanted to improve the way research is done, and they they started the Open Science Community, Amsterdam, and later other institutions in in I'm. Based in I'msterdam, like the few, and how they are joined, and the together we organize events and trainings. For example, in we we, we we now have a", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00008-00016272-00017541": "Lena Karvovskaya: so for uh open Science Community. I, Amsterdam awards opens, and we want to uh award all kinds of projects, not only research, but also one hundred and fifty", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00009-00017543-00018931": "Lena Karvovskaya: Erez agmoni. Yeah. Initiatives in the transparency stakeholder involvement, open education resources. So if if you're in Amsterdam and have a project, please consider submitting one hundred and fifty", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00010-00018980-00019120": "Lena Karvovskaya: the next slide, please.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00011-00019267-00020329": "Lena Karvovskaya: We organize a lot of trainings and uh, including uh um, writing a data management plan uh software, like programming skills.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00012-00020334-00020838": "Lena Karvovskaya: Uh, also specific trainings for um", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00013-00020848-00022376": "Lena Karvovskaya: uh tools like Osf and data verse, and we also have organized various training sessions on demand. And you can follow uh all our news on Twitter and through our newsletters uh next slide, please.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00014-00022503-00025173": "Lena Karvovskaya: Uh, we also have all kinds of uh events which uh which uh include the data conversations, but also uh events specifically. For example, for open access week or for Halloween, we try to make something uh fun. So we make we. We. We make escape rooms. And this year it was a software quarter escape your escape room, which you can try uh on your own, if you like.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00015-00025175-00026199": "Lena Karvovskaya: Uh, we also organize uh events with students, for example, movie nights and the student focus focused open science. Uh um,", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00016-00026216-00026343": "events.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00017-00026391-00026645": "Lena Karvovskaya: Uh, can we move to the next slide?", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00018-00026679-00029476": "Lena Karvovskaya: So today is a Yeah, returning to where we're here today. This is a few data conversations meeting. Uh It's originally started in two thousand and eighteen, and up Since then it was going. Is it over lunch or in online format? The goal of the data conversations was to bring researchers from different parts of the few together and to help them learn from each other about what is practical aspects of research process.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00019-00029554-00029680": "Lena Karvovskaya: Next slide, please,", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00020-00029795-00031735": "Lena Karvovskaya: uh the online uh meetings are usually recorded, and you can find the fine. Watch them back on our Youtube Channel. Some of them are really insightful, and I recommend taking a look. We also deposit our slides uh it's in order. So all this uh output can be on there.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00021-00031931-00032192": "Lena Karvovskaya: I think that's that's my", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00022-00032382-00035202": "Banburismus Zoom Room: great. Yes, I believe this was the last slide. Um, thanks so much. Lena. I feel like also through that presentation I got to learn more about your work to process um. So i'm gonna kind of give us a slap, dash, zoom through uh the world of uh the turning way. Um! What in the world all of us are doing in a physical room today? What the book dashes um, and then we'll get started with the really fun stuff which is learning from our speakers.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00023-00035204-00035370": "Banburismus Zoom Room: So with that.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00024-00035408-00038193": "Banburismus Zoom Room: So the current way is uh many things uh is an open source guide on science. And what this means is that it is a book on one hand. Um, but it's also a global community that contributes to it. And we aim um both on the organizing team and myself as a community manager. We into support uh a community folks working in and around data to make data science reproducible, ethical, collaborative, and inclusive for everyone.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00025-00038195-00040425": "Banburismus Zoom Room: And in order to do that, we rely on a lot of open source methods and processes. Meaning for project is hosted on Github, and we need to document as much of our own community practices out of the open for folks. Um, And in doing so throughout this whole process our Am. Is to really push for a culture of collaboration. Um, in many ways push for a culture shift and research and data science as we know it.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00026-00040520-00043167": "Banburismus Zoom Room: So with this in mind. Um, it's important to flag here that while we are hosted at the Alan Turing Institute, which is the Uk's National Institute for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence. Um. We are hosted at the Turing that we are not exclusive to um Atlanta. Uh who is Co. Organizing the session today is a part of the core organizing team of the turn way as well as um i'm under the book Dash Committee. That's on the best, like the ones that we are in", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00027-00043168-00045310": "Banburismus Zoom Room: now. Um, And really the turning way as a project is a compilation and a combination of researchers, contributors, um experts from really all across the world, many different institutions, and really happy to, and glad to be able to have uh the resources to be able to support. Other folks work to just sliding here. They are hosted by, and not exclusive too.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00028-00045374-00046415": "Banburismus Zoom Room: So a little bit more about the turning weight guides. Uh. So the turn I found it's origins in a reaction to the crisis of reproducibility and science. One hundred and one", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00029-00046416-00049405": "Banburismus Zoom Room: um. Dr. Kirsty Whitaker, and a core team of close allies uh created the guide for reproducible research in two thousand and eighteen um, with the addition of Dr. The project Uh, who was community manager before myself. Um, The one guide of reproducible research expanded into five different guides that are related to project design, communication, collaboration, and ethical research, meaning that you realize how much to enable reproducibility and research.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00030-00049406-00051885": "Banburismus Zoom Room: We have to think about the origins of the research project itself. Um! How we communicate uh more broadly to different communities, how we collaborate and miss each other um as researchers. Um! And thinking really about the ethical ethics and ethical implications of one's work really all the way through. Um. We also document all of our practices, uh collectively, and what's called a community handbook that can be used by other open source communities", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00031-00051886-00051984": "as well.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00032-00052235-00055140": "Banburismus Zoom Room: So with this in mind. Um, there are many different ways of getting involved in the project, and you hear more about the book dash in a second. Um! But we really aim to, you know. Expand beyond uh how we think of um collaborating on the open source project into many different ways, so you can develop and share the resource um within your own communities, and you can fix the link or type of which um many of us have been doing throughout Book touch. Um. You can share this resource and this um your own research team or your group", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00033-00055141-00058073": "Banburismus Zoom Room: uh, you can re-review and update the guys that we currently have with us, and I will out here and a massive amount of shout out uh to the translation and localization team, which was an effort that was started a couple of years ago. Um! The answer to translate the trainway five guides, and you can look into um many different languages, and really to to create a resource that is fit for local context for people's own environments, and it will fly here that we have current translations. Um,", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00034-00058076-00058952": "Banburismus Zoom Room: I believe on going in Spanish and Portuguese in Japanese, Turkish um, French and", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00035-00058963-00059640": "Banburismus Zoom Room: Korea. I want to say I probably lost a few languages and and Arabic as well, of course,", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00036-00059662-00061214": "Banburismus Zoom Room: and it's it's really, truly an incredible effort, and speaks to you know, folks creating the tools and the ways of working that are meaningful for them. Um! And of course, with all these in mind things to share uh best practices, and all of these different ways of working.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00037-00061298-00064194": "Banburismus Zoom Room: So with all of these things that I throw on your way. Um, I will flag here that the way that communication collaboration. Um really works within the Turing Way Community Series of community calls and events. Um. On a weekly or by monthly basis what are called collaboration cafes. Um, you know co-working calls as well a fiery side chats on a monthly or by monthly basis. Um! But really the crux and the core uh event of the turning. My community is what's called a book. Dash", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00038-00064195-00067188": "Banburismus Zoom Room: Um. They're kind of a concentrated period of work within the project where people have time reserved within their schedules within their everyday life. Uh, to be able to, you know, make a concentrated conservation of whatever type of project um in the turing way, and that's what this stated conversation. Um co-host with lena is a part of we're really excited to be able to to be a part of of this um throughout the week. Um! And we encourage you um to check out what's called our community share up how", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00039-00067189-00068376": "Banburismus Zoom Room: this Friday, which is where some folks will be talking about what they've been up to all throughout this week, and you can hear more about the book dash itself. So with that there's not too much to do.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00040-00068386-00070668": "Banburismus Zoom Room: I will say here a big shout out to folks in the book Dash Planning committee, i'm. I'm one of a much larger team of people, one of which is aerial here as well. Um, if you can wait. But i'm not sure if people were able to see that on the screen. Um, lena, of course. Um as well as any of the folks who been popping in and out throughout the day. So I think with that,", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00041-00070670-00070800": "Banburismus Zoom Room: i'm gonna say", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00042-00070812-00071586": "Banburismus Zoom Room: one last shout out to really just the the community of contributors and users who I really make the sharing way of what it is. Um", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00043-00071601-00073441": "Banburismus Zoom Room: uh, all of us are part of this much uh broader commute Folks have made written, edited, maintain, translated uh the Triangle Guides and Community Handbook, and it really wouldn't be um what it is without the community, and with events without events like. So with that", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00044-00073448-00073769": "Banburismus Zoom Room: I will stop sharing my screen here", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00045-00073805-00073920": "Banburismus Zoom Room: and", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00046-00073926-00074192": "Banburismus Zoom Room: Thank you um for a short introduction,", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00047-00074203-00074965": "Banburismus Zoom Room: so i'll pass it back to Lena to get it started and pass it on to the good stuff, which will be hearing more from our speakers today.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00048-00074992-00076592": "Lena Karvovskaya: Yes, thank you. Uh. So to the the the structure of the meeting today that we will hear two short presentations, and after that there will be a joint discussion, and I would like to introduce our first speaker, Leanne Kimball", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00049-00076594-00078127": "Lena Karvovskaya: and Leanne is a Phd candidate and open innovation, open science, open data, data, sharing and reuse at the Department of knowledge, information and Innovation of the School of Business and Economics at the Friday University. I'm. Down. So we work at the same university,", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00050-00078128-00078923": "Lena Karvovskaya: and the title of your talk is the innovation process in Biomarkers discovery exploring the collaborative context of myriad.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00051-00079075-00080029": "Leighann Kimble: Thank you very much for that introduction. I will go ahead and share my screen. I hope you all are able to see it.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00052-00080213-00080305": "Leighann Kimble: Yes,", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00053-00080349-00081749": "Leighann Kimble: yes, perfect, wonderful! Thank you. And so i'm very um Thankful to have been invited by Lena to join this conversation alongside the time way. Um! So, as mentioned, my area of research is within the open science", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00054-00081751-00082949": "Leighann Kimble: innovation process. Um. So this, of course, is a very relevant topic for the research that i'm doing um, which is in the context of biomarker discovery for dementia research.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00055-00082989-00084037": "Leighann Kimble: So i'll be speaking to you all today a bit about my current research, and how this ties into this broader issue of openness as related to our data,", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00056-00084075-00085382": "Leighann Kimble: and so to provide a little bit of context, I am working currently within an interdisciplinary group for biomarker discovery to address dementia, and this is called the Marriotta Project,", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00057-00085384-00086404": "Leighann Kimble: and within this project the goal was to develop an interdisciplinary team that collaborates with one another to accelerate dementia research, and", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00058-00086405-00087897": "Leighann Kimble: in particular, within work package five, which is the work package i'm within is this idea of process innovation. So how can we facilitate data, sharing and reuse and leverage collaboration in order to advance by a marker discovery.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00059-00087913-00088881": "Leighann Kimble: And so my role within this um consortium is to understand actually how data we use and sharing occurs within this collaborative contact.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00060-00088992-00090038": "Leighann Kimble: And the reason this is important is because when we look at innovation traditionally, uh, especially for those that are not familiar with innovation and the concept surrounding innovation.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00061-00090039-00091282": "Leighann Kimble: They really look at this as a linear process so being on the left hand side where you know you engage in a project. And then at the end you're going to have something innovative. Come out as an as an as an output of your research.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00062-00091313-00092165": "Leighann Kimble: But what we know and what we presented here is that, in fact, it looks quite different. So it's more of an emergent or open process,", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00063-00092182-00093006": "Leighann Kimble: and because it's this emergent or open process, it's not a smooth line in understanding how innovation is being developed.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00064-00093026-00094623": "Leighann Kimble: And so really here, if we know that openness is important for innovation. If we say that data, sharing and collaboration are key to innovation, What we really need to look at is the process. So within these many different paths that can emerge,", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00065-00094624-00095291": "Leighann Kimble: how do we get? What does innovation mean? What does that look like for? How data sharing and reuse occurs in practice.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00066-00095339-00096990": "Leighann Kimble: And so within the context of marijuana, the idea of openness and open innovation, and how that ties to advancing dementia research um goes into what the processes are within this consortium,", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00067-00096997-00097941": "Leighann Kimble: and one of the challenges that came up in terms of a challenge to openness within the Marriotta project is actually an issue of unavoidable challenges.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00068-00097951-00099545": "Leighann Kimble: And so, in terms of opening the data and sharing, and so on. What we found quite early on is that this challenge to be open. So this lack of motivation to be open was not the case of the problem that we had within the consortium.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00069-00099546-00100175": "Leighann Kimble: Rather, we found there to be other practical challenges that were preventing or impeding openness.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00070-00100215-00102119": "Leighann Kimble: And so um! The first step in looking at this was Well, we said, Okay, we have collaboration. We're going to be open. We're going to share data and reuse data within this um consortium environment. But there was a challenge of delays in data sharing, which is, as we know, contrary to openness.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00071-00102163-00103244": "Leighann Kimble: But in looking at openness and wanting to provide fair data, we can't overlook the restrictions surrounding sharing, data, and one of those is Gdpr.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00072-00103265-00104578": "Leighann Kimble: And what happened with Gdpr. Of course, this is within the European Union, and is focused on not only protecting data, but also ensuring some type of standardization, so that there can be a free flow of data.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00073-00104607-00105723": "Leighann Kimble: However, in practice, what it appears to be is actually the problem, the cause of data sharing challenges and of me to not share data with you concerns around Gdpr.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00074-00105833-00106321": "Leighann Kimble: So with this in mind and this uh point of", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00075-00106332-00107268": "Leighann Kimble: data not being shared because Gdpr compliance or because of considerations around that. But I focus on is, why is Gdpr challenged openness? What is happening?", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00076-00107303-00108659": "Leighann Kimble: And So in looking at that, I am asked the question, What is the routine for data sharing within a different interdisciplinary consortium? And in particular, looking at what is the role of Gdpr within the routine of data sharing", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00077-00108763-00110547": "Leighann Kimble: so as related to the collection like this. How do we figure this out? Um. I have been engaging in qualitative data collection focusing on process research. And what was important about this is to have a gamut of different actors. So not only the researchers themselves,", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00078-00110548-00111947": "Leighann Kimble: but those that are the principal investigators looking at differences with post stock research as well as those that are meant to help the process. So the data, Stewart, the legal department personnel within this process.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00079-00112120-00113297": "Leighann Kimble: And so the initial findings, if we recap the problem is um data. Sharing data. Sharing is a is a challenge. There's a a barrier, and we think that the barrier is Gdpr", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00080-00113373-00114230": "Leighann Kimble: um. And so, if we say we should easily have access to data, one of the first findings that I had was that data sharing is not rocket science.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00081-00114293-00116337": "Leighann Kimble: So, um within one of the principal investigators what they highlighted, and this was shared among researchers is that, you know, data sharing, sharing the file itself is not an issue at all. We can be open. We can figure out how to um incorporate the data that is needed from other researchers. And so it should not be a big problem.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00082-00116339-00117290": "Leighann Kimble: And yet what we ended up with is that it wasn't taking place. There were barriers to actually getting that physical data share that's shared between actors.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00083-00117336-00118158": "Leighann Kimble: So if this wasn't a researcher's issue, Perhaps it was something that the data do, or the legal department would know. How do you ensure Gdpr compliance?", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00084-00118202-00119626": "Leighann Kimble: And so, and going to them? It was quite a simple process. You make sure your legal agreement is in place. You make a data request. You make sure that you have all of the metadata. So this idea, this principle of fairness that's needed,", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00085-00119633-00120001": "Leighann Kimble: And then you ensure that the data is shared in compliance with Gdpr.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00086-00120055-00120408": "Leighann Kimble: So it looks something like this: a pretty simple process.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00087-00120508-00121819": "Leighann Kimble: However. Um! When we look at this we have two sides, so we have The data can be shared, or it cannot be shared, and we have the processes are followed that ensure data compliance, and again it doesn't appear to be rocket client.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00088-00121899-00122429": "Leighann Kimble: However, what we found is that the actual process looked a bit different,", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00089-00122493-00122867": "Leighann Kimble: and this was due to ambiguity in the data sharing process.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00090-00122894-00124745": "Leighann Kimble: So because in lena mentioned researchers not being aware of where to go um in order to continue on with their research, ensuring how to ensure compliance, how to make their data open. What is metadata? These sorts of questions within the data sharing process created ambiguity.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00091-00124813-00125831": "Leighann Kimble: And so when we look at the actual routine, so, instead of it being this simple providing the documents that are needed, and the um agreement needed to move forward.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00092-00125943-00126544": "Leighann Kimble: The enacted routine actually occurred without getting some of these formal agreements and approvals,", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00093-00126604-00127488": "Leighann Kimble: and that was because of these cycles of trying to figure out who to speak to and what was needed in order to ensure Gdpr compliance.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00094-00127549-00128215": "Leighann Kimble: So what we see is something, and from the researchers perspective that looks a lot more like this, and in the end", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00095-00128217-00129874": "Leighann Kimble: um they don't necessarily make sure that uh Gdpr. Compliance is absolutely in place before sharing their data, which then creates problems later on down the line, when they are interacting with the data stewards and legal department to make sure that. Um. All of the compliance Is that", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00096-00129993-00130081": "Leighann Kimble: so?", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00097-00130105-00131260": "Leighann Kimble: Why is this important? Well, we see that the basic issue of ambiguity is due to the differences in data, sharing routines between organizations uh, but also between countries.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00098-00131272-00133150": "Leighann Kimble: So if we look at what is required to share data, what metadata is needed, how to protect our data. These seems these are issues of fairness on one hand, but also require an understanding of things such as sops that exist within so standard operating procedures within organizations", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00099-00133151-00134540": "Leighann Kimble: to make sure that we don't only have the motivation to share data, but understand what is needed from the side of the data description. So the metadata, as well as on the side of insurance, ensuring compliance. So on the Gdpr side.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00100-00134596-00136646": "Leighann Kimble: And what we found is that this lack of communication um between the legal legal department and data stores and researchers is really the cost for that. So, for instance, at the view what we have and this did not take place within the context of the Zoo Um. But we do have more of those conversations happening between the legal department data stewards and researchers", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00101-00136647-00137946": "Leighann Kimble: in figuring out how best to work with the data that they have, as well as figuring out how to understand Gdpr. Understand metadata and what is needed to move us on to fair practices.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00102-00138053-00140857": "Leighann Kimble: But we must keep in mind that this is due to a difference than familiarity of practice. So researchers are not necessarily in ensuring or requesting data from other organizations every day. This is not their work to know um what is needed, or what metadata should be provided. Um in requesting data from other organizations in compliance with Gdpr. And so that is why, making sure that that knowledge transfer happens from", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00103-00140858-00141144": "Leighann Kimble: those outside of these research groups is important,", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00104-00141326-00144261": "Leighann Kimble: because, if not, we end up with this deviation from the sop, which, while the end is still getting access to data, we Don't get to leverage, really making sure that the data is in Gdpr compliance. And also i'm sure that we are utilizing the data in a way that makes it um fair so sharing metadata, for instance, or it's providing all of the details regarding that data, and also following and documenting the process of um with that access to that,", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00105-00144262-00144960": "Leighann Kimble: how they may have changed it along the way which prevents challenges for the stewardship and tracking of our data.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00106-00145058-00145162": "Leighann Kimble: So", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00107-00145246-00147988": "Leighann Kimble: we assume here that Gdpr itself at the beginning was inhibiting to data sharing, so actually resulted in openness. I'm sorry in closeness in terms of data sharing um. But what i'm presenting here is that these issues are due to ambiguity. So we see in practice that a lot of the admin considerations in terms of how we can become more open with our data can be apparent inhibitors to openness and fairness of the data.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00108-00147989-00149582": "Leighann Kimble: Um. And so what they create are these challenges that, moving forward. We'll also have to consider, not only in how we can best share our data, but how we can leverage those within other disciplines, or perhaps even within other departments of our organization,", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00109-00149584-00150898": "Leighann Kimble: to make sure that of course we are in compliance, but also that we don't have this um a assumed barrier to open S into this idea of open science due to um policy such as", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00110-00150952-00152791": "Leighann Kimble: So I just wanted to share that, because I think it is a good case for understanding. Um. That, of course, openness, when we look at it as a concept, is one that is um practical. It's one that we can make sure is Um an active through collaboration and through data sharing.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00111-00152792-00155781": "Leighann Kimble: But also we have this other side of those barriers that may not always be documented. Those barriers to openness. And so, having more of these collaborative means of sharing what is needed for openness and Gdpr, as well as other challenges that emerge, um are very relevant. In in this case we see that even in the life sciences, So, in looking at developments of biomarker, research and dementia, it's a relevant topic, and hopefully resonate. For with other view, others of you that may be interested in open source.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00112-00155783-00156703": "Leighann Kimble: But perhaps some of these administrative, seemingly barriers um that you are encountering to your path to openness.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00113-00156706-00157122": "Leighann Kimble: So thank you very much. I will stop there.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00114-00157218-00157442": "Lena Karvovskaya: Thank you so much,", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00115-00157525-00159245": "Lena Karvovskaya: so much. Uh Dr. Maxine. Uh Macintosh is the program. Lead on diverse data at genomics, England, where she works on reducing in the in the qualities, in access to genomics based personalized medicine. She is also the co-founder of the Grassroots organization, one health staff.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00116-00159261-00160139": "Lena Karvovskaya: She is passionate about supporting innovations, and the health care sector with a particular interest in promoting equality and access to those innovations", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00117-00160251-00160354": "Lena Karvovskaya: and the", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00118-00160865-00163862": "Maxine Mackintosh: perfect Thanks so much. Um, yeah, and thank you for the invitation. Uh, this is uh, really nice for me, because, uh, I've been a genomic stick in for just over a year now. But prior to that I was at the Iron Sharing Institute. So it's nice to um, you know. This costs a lot of new people. Um, it's nice to see kind of new walls. It's the same old walls and the them all brand so uh nice to you back home. Um! So uh, I guess since I left the train I I got a big, proper job um not to say that everyone else works with Join doesn't but it it. It was quite a jump for me, because I", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00119-00163864-00166306": "Maxine Mackintosh: They went from effect to be writing crappy lines of code on a healthcare data that no one's ever going to use or look at um to a running a program that was all around how we can improve equity in genomics. And so twenty-five million pound program spread over a three years and and has the naughty issue of making one of the most inequitable areas of health. A ah and dynamics in data as actable as possible. So that was the task.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00120-00166308-00167489": "Maxine Mackintosh: Um. So one of the I thought some people in you know this audience might not give to you. It's about to make, so I don't know very much about genomics, so I thought what I do is I", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00121-00167491-00168702": "Maxine Mackintosh: um a few, I guess, uh kind of quite core conceptual issues that we grapple with the quite uh early on the program, and that, I think could be relevant to people from lots of different disciplines. So that's the background to it", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00122-00168740-00169102": "Maxine Mackintosh: to to do so.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00123-00169129-00172127": "Maxine Mackintosh: So. Um for those, if you don't know a genomics, England is effectively a part of the Uk Government, so we are private company, but we're owned by the Department of Health, which is effectively um the Uk Government trying to be kind of quite trendy in a structure of innovation, and ostensibly we instruction in this way to make us um easier to partner with with the private sector, particularly Um, the pharmaceutical industry. Um, And the vision of what economics England is or does is that we provide, affecting the back end to what is called the Genomic Medicine Service, which is a live clinical service across um the healthcare", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00124-00172128-00174450": "Maxine Mackintosh: to the Uk. If you have cancer, red disease. You are offered to genetic testing and her participants who um consent to their data being used for research that then goes into a research environment. And the idea is that we kind of reach this like heady goal of um uh kind of feeding live research and insight into a kind of live clinical services, kind of infinity, of feeding back insights and care. Um, at least that's the ambition.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00125-00174452-00175307": "Maxine Mackintosh: Um. So, as I said, I run an initiative called diverse data, which is all around approving the diversity of the genomic data that we have. Um, Specifically, this is in England.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00126-00175329-00178327": "Maxine Mackintosh: Um. So the end of the program is all around reducing inequalities, and we've got kind of three main outcomes. One is around trust building to date um for groups who've been excluded from precision medicine efforts. Another one is stimulation research community to to think more and do more um with. I guess the genomic information that today hasn't been used, and then laws lastly, is around um improving kind of having direct measurable improvements in in clinical um outcomes, particularly diagnosis and prognosis, and I I suspect we'll be setting ourselves up for feeling if we think we can have lots of impact on care in the next two years,", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00127-00178329-00178513": "Maxine Mackintosh: and that is that we're going for.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00128-00178559-00181555": "Maxine Mackintosh: So so as a program, we're structured in in forming work streams so so kind of how of how we're going to address this problem. Um, and i'm not going to go into too too much detail, but their instruction into research, discovery engaging with communities that's communities both to the kind of grassroots patient level, but also, I guess, engaging kind of initiatives in in the institutions like the Turing, to make sure that every organization in in some way or not, has a sort of data, diversity, question, and initiative and activity in their area. Because, um be it genomics or shopping, or transport, there's a", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00129-00181557-00183437": "Maxine Mackintosh: it's. It's it's probably our organization. Um. Thirdly, uh works you is around data and sequencing. This is the kind of most expensive bit of program. This is what we're gonna be doing quite a lot of hold, you know, sequencing. And then for the um building products, tools and behaviors, which I think is particularly relevant here for um uh like the Turing way plus type community,", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00130-00183438-00183612": "Maxine Mackintosh: and probably many people in this call.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00131-00183640-00186552": "Maxine Mackintosh: So um, we're very much the market of kind of addressing inequalities in in a data-driven health. Um, we see this across lots of different areas, some in the uk it's becoming increasingly more significant, and there was a kind of national uh investigation that by the Secretary of State um on back of the fact that medical devices are increasingly seem to form, as well individuals with minority, ethnic background. Um! But in reality actually and I'm Again, i'm reading to the converted here. But whilst we often talk about data, we talk about bias models,", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00132-00186554-00188185": "Maxine Mackintosh: actually the way in which bias can creep into these systems and is really quite heterogeneous. I mean, It's everything from you know, uh automating systemic biases to setting up study in a specific way. This is a very, very complex way in which um bias can enter into any data-driven system and health.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00133-00188219-00191216": "Maxine Mackintosh: Um. So why diver state is specifically in this context. If you're not in the world of genomics, and you might not know this. If you're out. If you are in the world of genomics, you will have seen this graph about a million times. So i'm really really sorry. So um! The number of individuals included in G. Well, studies has kind of absolutely exploded over time, and we, on an exponential trajectory of statistical power here, which is very good for science. But actually, when you look into the kind of the make up of what this graph is showing, and we really just have a dominance of individuals of European ancestry. So so the Red here is", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00134-00191218-00191725": "individuals who are of European ancestry. When we say you're paid, we kind of really mean like Northwestern Europe.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00135-00191726-00193605": "Maxine Mackintosh: Um, and whilst you know, in the kind of two thousand and fourteen, there was like a mild improvement in in the proportion Um! And this was from East Asian contributions to so predominantly Chinese, and really that Hasn't Um stood the test of time in terms of a positive trajectory. And so this for us is like the big database problem that we're really trying to address um in this program.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00136-00193667-00194361": "Maxine Mackintosh: Um, i'm going to kind of through this a we bit so. But obviously this is obviously in the fact that lots of our health care is increasing. Becoming digitized.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00137-00194366-00197350": "Maxine Mackintosh: It's obviously been quite a couple of years Um, looking at axes of inequalities in society, particularly around ethnicity. Um, and in genomics it's quite a kind of heady mix of complexity in terms of there's lots of national initiatives being set up to do kind of national, base sequencing in every country's kind of got its own. Um, there's a narrative around. Diversity is really just uh capturing human genetic variation. And and then, uh, you've got a kind of uncomfortable and sunny everyone who's based near the Houston Road. Um close proximity and history", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00138-00197352-00198576": "Maxine Mackintosh: of uh, the the godfathers of Eugenics. Um, uh. So the bottom we've got golden, so make sure you know your cancel statisticians, because they often down the road. And so so this is the backdrop to the to the environment in which this this, this work is happening.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00139-00198628-00200156": "Maxine Mackintosh: Um. And so one of the things I want to just to talk about is that um, you know, a lot of people on this call will care about making that data science more equitable, making it open, making it fairer, and that in some respects feels inherently like no book and good.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00140-00200158-00200949": "Maxine Mackintosh: But everywhere we look for kind of realized that um decisions we made could introduce biases in ways that we might not like or notice or really realize.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00141-00200950-00202187": "Maxine Mackintosh: So there's a particularly nice phrase, I think captures quite well. But this of not we found ourselves in, which is, we must always expect science. We miss our represented, overstated and misunderstood, because it's complex, because the data, you know, is unending. And because people are strange,", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00142-00202192-00203487": "Maxine Mackintosh: it's one of the things every time we start to make key decisions around this program we thought God like every you know It's like Whack them all with moral dilemma here, and and I guess the scary thing for me is, I went from, you know, writing lines of code and writing papers which", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00143-00203489-00204530": "Maxine Mackintosh: you know the worst case scenario. Someone could kind of misrepresent your paper to the decision we were making. We're shifting tens of millions of pounds worth of funding, so it felt like the the stakes were quite high in terms of the decisions we were making around equity.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00144-00204569-00205439": "Maxine Mackintosh: Um. So as a reminder, you know, this is not just a data problem. There is a whole pipeline by which, by it, using into a system. And so these are just some of the ways we started to think about addressing it.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00145-00205458-00206867": "Maxine Mackintosh: So decision number one is, How do you define who is under represented. So again, I'm. I'm. A. This is being using the context of genomics. But I've I've tried to make it as general as possible, so that if you give like no hoots about genomics, it's still relevant to you.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00146-00206894-00208317": "Maxine Mackintosh: Um. So first of all, we did a review which said, Okay, Well, when we look at the the literature, what what counts as unrepresented, who counts as a minority here? And it was just like a total wild West of definition. Some people were talking about ancestry. So ancestry is a", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00147-00208319-00210245": "Maxine Mackintosh: crude, sorry ethnicity is a crude proxy for ancestry, if you've never heard of ancestry before, and but you know the the definitions of ancestry was all over the place, the ways in which we drawing circles around it. Some people were saying ethnicity when they Actually, when ancestry some people were saying, Well, actually, the main thing is just around taking an intersectional lens, and we would be incorporating sex and gender and age,", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00148-00210246-00212040": "Maxine Mackintosh: and then other individuals say much to the biggest R of outcomes is around your post code and not your genetic code. So that should be the focus. And actually, I think the point is that um there isn't a consistent way of defining diversity. Diversity is a thing that you to define, depending on what your outcome is. So, unless you have a very clear outcome", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00149-00212042-00214303": "Maxine Mackintosh: that you know you want to go, for you have to select an access of diversity that matters to you. You can't simply say a group is diverse or not diverse. For example, in the Uk. If you are of African ancestry, you are a minority. If you have African ancestry, and you are based in Africa, you are not a minority that's a flip and state like sentence to say, but you cannot have a globally relevant and generalizable definition for diversity that simply does not exist.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00150-00214381-00217076": "Maxine Mackintosh: So a really good example of how this manifests in genomics is that? Um many people, I guess I think I like it in the genetics world. Don't have this kind of data Ethics lens again. I think many people in this room will know that they are not neutral. They represent key decisions that we make as flawed, biased races, misogynistic human beings, and and without recognizing that these days setting code, these social values is quite a big problem. So what one of the example that means in the genomics is taxonomies", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00151-00217077-00217750": "Maxine Mackintosh: as part of diversifying genetic data. One of the things we think about is, how do we group and categories human beings? Um.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00152-00217752-00220751": "Maxine Mackintosh: Some of you might not know, but the notion of race and ethnicity were created to justify slavery and clonism. And in those categories of us grouping human beings is still something we use today for no really good reason. You know the color of your skin is not really genetic. It's, you know, mildly, in terms of the melanin. But really the the notion of racing out the ethnicity in the context of genetics is completely irrelevant. And yes, we keep leaning towards these paradigms of sorting human beings that have both ugly histories and irrelevant uses now. And so, without recognizing that just this this needs to", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00153-00220752-00221547": "Maxine Mackintosh: human beings, has this ugly history. And if you're running a genetics program, and you Don't, address these two issues when you kind of setting yourself up for for potential failure.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00154-00221583-00224079": "Maxine Mackintosh: So one of the things we did is we kind of went around and asked everyone in the organization if you had, say twenty-five million pounds and three is um where would you prioritize your efforts for um um addressing a data gap, and some people came up with saying, Well, actually, really, we should be trying to be representative of the Uk ethnicity population and other people were saying, Well, you know, really, it's about uh, you know, addressing the wrongs, the past, and if a group has been really excluded to date, you should really be doubling down and investing in those groups.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00155-00224080-00224984": "Maxine Mackintosh: Other people are saying, Well, really, you should be investing in groups that if you were to have to create more data and and and drive more research through, would have the best cost savings to Nhs", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00156-00224994-00225375": "Maxine Mackintosh: Again, The point is that people brought different value sets to answering this question.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00157-00225409-00227131": "Maxine Mackintosh: So we took all those different definitions of diversity, and we assess them against common bi ethical principles. And then we kind of came up with a matrix whereby we kind of evaluated different ways of thinking about diversity. And this was quite a good way of saying, There's not a wrong or right way of thinking about what is, who and what is on represented in in data and data science. Another way of kind of", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00158-00227133-00227788": "Maxine Mackintosh: talking about. This is like your definition, fairness, or your object to function, depending on how statistically minded you are, and but without going through a kind of", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00159-00227790-00229136": "Maxine Mackintosh: active and systematic process to recognize the values of driving your decisions. You could inadvertently, with a very well intentioned program and process. Um, you know bias uh or or or disadvantaged certain groups we might not have intended to", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00160-00229204-00231375": "Maxine Mackintosh: decision. Number two is what even was a bias. So we we're supposed to be deviasing genomics. And actually we don't. We know where we should be looking for. In the first place, because we could one hand be addressing, You know huge issues of systemic racism on how we could be addressing a tiny little issues around data access um for certain day sets, and any of those are quite different types of problems. We didn't. We know where to start.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00161-00231377-00232240": "Maxine Mackintosh: Um. So we did the things that many people do. We' to kind of look for our data within our own data sets of genomics in, and to say, why were there any signals of of discrepancies? And we thought, well, actually,", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00162-00232241-00234819": "Maxine Mackintosh: on further analysis, we found that, you know, just in cancer, for example, which is one of our main data sets broadly. We're representative of what we'd expect the Uk population to be. On further analysis we found a a kind of small bias, and with our variance with tid um. But you know, really, like representiveness, seemed like about as what we would expect, which was a bit of a problem, because we thought well that you the The point of the uh uh program was to address potential ancestor and biases, yet we we seem to perform quite well.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00163-00234881-00236737": "Maxine Mackintosh: So then we step back, and we said, Well, okay, that the kind of standard scientific way of just like doing a exploratory analysis into the rates of stuff isn't Lee, yielding good results. Um! Let's think about what a kind of health Equity audit looks like. And so a designer in our team severely. Who's um? A fantastic and creative creature", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00164-00236738-00238091": "Maxine Mackintosh: She um effectively created a map of all the processes in the organization. So top right, you can probably see It's too small for you to actually see, because that's basically airing on our dirty laundry. But what you're looking at is a step by step process of our diagnostic pipelines,", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00165-00238112-00239065": "Maxine Mackintosh: and within that she has marked every single um kind of key activity into decision that happens in our pipelines, and where that may or may not introduce a source of", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00166-00239081-00241012": "Maxine Mackintosh: um. And this has been a quite helpful process because it's basically created a massive backlog of all the biased potential biased systems and bias processes and biased decisions. We have that we could maybe in a small way. Address, and if we address it's kind of death by thousand paid cuts. We'd we bit by bit, reduce the layers, and there's a potential bias exist within a system.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00167-00241015-00242369": "Maxine Mackintosh: But looking for bias looking for opportunities for health equity. Um is not something that we know. The industry is particularly good at. We don't really know where to look. And so, just going through this again more hypothesis, The way of thinking about bias was quite important one for us,", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00168-00242396-00243350": "Maxine Mackintosh: and then we decided to kind of turn this into it, like you know, say over extended metaphor. So what you're looking at is the bias building. It was how we represent layers of bias. So on the far left we", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00169-00243352-00246223": "Maxine Mackintosh: we've got kind of big Macro issues. Um, So the bottom is any data that goes into the genomics England. And then, by the time you get to the helicopters it's the way in which data is processed, and you know, by the time you get to think of it like That's the end of the pipeline. Um! The middle floor is You're looking at kind of a blueprint of decisions, and then, you know, on the right to looking at um kind of flower pots and and and and rugs in a room, and that could be things like. If you have the special character in your name, it on average, takes two weeks longer for you to get access to our um data,", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00170-00246223-00247592": "Maxine Mackintosh: and that's because of the kind of computer says no problem. You're much more likely to be non non- British heritage, if you have a uh special character, your name. So that's like a tiny, tiny thing. But again you can just see how the layers, bit by bit, mount up to create a system of an equity.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00171-00247669-00247868": "Maxine Mackintosh: So. Lastly, um,", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00172-00247871-00250867": "Maxine Mackintosh: Obviously the the data and balance is pretty massive. Um, as we can see by ancestry. Um, but that's obviously not just the answers. You can't just simply collect more data and expect that the problem will go away. Um! A good issue, and it will a good example of that. Anyone who's ever done. Any genetic analysis will know that. Um uh, it's quite easy to simply exclude non-europeans from your analysis, because it may the date it less met it more data, less clean. It makes your results, you know, often less accurate. Um, It makes an astronomyizable. So it's just easy to", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00173-00250869-00252289": "Maxine Mackintosh: those individuals. From that. That's that happens all the time, although a bit, you know less and less. Now, that's not a data problem. That's a behavioral problem. So that's a kind of really common example of of of ways in which we can influence the system better, that doesn't simply about collecting data.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00174-00252327-00254911": "Maxine Mackintosh: So we felt that quite a lot of attention to being given to the to the data bit of things, and that there was increasing, uh, I guess, attention, awareness to the systemic issues. And so we thought, Well, actually, if you are Joe Blogs sing in your garage in the middle of Shropshire, how what you do. You know what you need to do personally to make your work as I as possible. So I've taken a line from Turing way here, and it's really around. How do you make working genomics um uh,", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00175-00254913-00256792": "Maxine Mackintosh: and make it too easy not to do So We create an issue called Link twenty-three, which we'll be hoping to work with um the train way on as well. And really this is around how we collect and click tools to make dynamics as actual as possible. So here, tools, everything from a software package to address, like sample and balances in genomics, to hand it with how you speak to kind of path New Guinea spy dynamics like for us.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00176-00256794-00259792": "Maxine Mackintosh: Both of those extremes are tools. If it's practical support to make your life easier and make it easy to do equity work in genomics, and then it counts as a tool for us. And so we've just launched it. So kind of linked to the three dot world um We're going to be uh starting all kind of community building, community infrastructure, defining terms to funding standards, to find metadata labels, doing data dives on how to actually create all these tools, all of that is about to start. We've only just launched, and but really that's um building on the notion of the fact that sharing data Internationally, I think land work even within a smaller context", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00177-00259794-00260698": "Maxine Mackintosh: outline that very well sharing the Internet internationally is very difficult. Collaborating on data international is very difficult, but he's working on tools together internationally is a little bit easier.", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00178-00260723-00263722": "Maxine Mackintosh: Um, So i'm going to finish that. That gives you hope the counter through some of the kind of big uh equity type of decisions we work through as a program, and also how we kind of incorporate some of the open tools open science components into into solving this issue. Um: And yeah, I I I I was just writing emails now, like an amazing, brilliant team of people do all the actual thinking. Um, And I guess the only last thing is, if you are interested in knowing more about um, why uh data, diversity matters in genomics and health, and we've got very cool. A kind of crowdsourced story board", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00179-00263723-00265411": "Maxine Mackintosh: to them at mine. The Gap dot Health, which kind of gives summaries of research and analysis and poetry and data visualizations. And basically we're we're in one of the ways to talk about data, bias and health. And so by we have a weed of those, and I will stop there. So I", "k7dYVRSJOKY-00180-00265426-00265675": "Lena Karvovskaya: that's perfect. Thank you so much. It's uh."}}, {"audio_id": "k75-3t3R_3Y", "text": {"k75-3t3R_3Y-00000-00000805-00001025": "Char Booth: Okay, so welcome everyone.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00001-00001025-00001184": "And please come on in, sit down.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00002-00001184-00001284": "It’s all good.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00003-00001284-00001384": "My name is Char Booth.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00004-00001384-00001739": "I am Associate Dean of the Library at Cal State San Marcos, which is right down the", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00005-00001739-00001839": "road.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00006-00001839-00002073": "I’m lucky enough not to do any flying for this presentation, which is lovely.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00007-00002073-00002482": "I also don’t use Twitter all that much, but I’ve put my handle up in case you want", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00008-00002482-00002708": "to holler at me at any point in this presentation.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00009-00002708-00003211": "I love to receive feedback on what I’m talking about and I also like to engage in a context", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00010-00003211-00003357": "of conferences.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00011-00003357-00003686": "So you’re more than welcome to do that.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00012-00003686-00004137": "Before I get started in earnest, I’d also like to thank you for joining me during this", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00013-00004137-00004237": "hour.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00014-00004237-00004605": "CNI has the most brutal concurrent session game of like any conference in the world.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00015-00004605-00004829": "They stuck me in the big ballroom.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00016-00004829-00005021": "There’s a camera on my face.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00017-00005021-00005204": "There are amazing spotlights.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00018-00005204-00005551": "And I know that you’ve made a choice between seven really amazing concurrent sessions to", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00019-00005551-00006116": "be here, so I appreciate your interest in this and I appreciate your time.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00020-00006116-00006462": "I just want to thank the people who are working to make this conference happen.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00021-00006462-00006763": "I know a lot of labor goes into things like CNI.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00022-00006763-00007183": "So if there’s anybody in the room who is a CNI affiliate or working on this conference,", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00023-00007183-00007545": "thank you also.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00024-00007545-00007979": "So the project of this talk…the title of what I’m talking about today…is Libraries", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00025-00007979-00008199": "Information Equity and Economic Justice.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00026-00008199-00008531": "And I want to do a little bit of reflection on why I’ll be talking about this, of all", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00027-00008531-00008746": "things, at CNI today.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00028-00008746-00009258": "On its face you may think this is a little bit of an unCNI topic, but I hope to, like", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00029-00009258-00009668": "I was just saying to my old boss, Kevin Mulroy, diverge and converge back to make sure that", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00030-00009668-00010035": "I’m aligning the message of this talk with what CNI is all about.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00031-00010035-00010538": "Information access and developing innovative technologies to make sure that the greatest", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00032-00010538-00010886": "amount of access is going to the fullest group of people.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00033-00010886-00011389": "So in my former rolls in libraries I tended to be focused on information literacy, public", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00034-00011389-00011935": "services, different sorts of projects that were really focused outward on educating people", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00035-00011935-00012477": "about how to discover, use and really manipulate information towards their own ends.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00036-00012477-00012881": "And for the last few years I’ve had a very different role at Cal State San Marcos.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00037-00012881-00013362": "I’m the Associate Dean who’s focused on resources, operations, budgets and that sort", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00038-00013362-00013462": "of thing.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00039-00013462-00013887": "And this convergence of a kind of a different view on the library, the practical project", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00040-00013887-00014349": "of the library, has gotten me thinking about the ways that libraries use and apportion", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00041-00014349-00014840": "their own resources towards this bigger project of information equity, which of course is", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00042-00014840-00015068": "what libraries, I believe, are all about.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00043-00015068-00015496": "So I’m coming form the standpoint of thinking about information literacy in my past, information", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00044-00015496-00016128": "acces and the barriers that exist to information access and also how libraries, as institutions", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00045-00016128-00016762": "with a massive resource base, can make critical, intentional choices about how to kind of use", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00046-00016762-00017192": "t hose resources for a great social good.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00047-00017192-00017641": "Speaking of social good, I’d like to start with a quote from Yeager,", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00048-00017641-00018182": "Taylor & Gotham from a 2015 book called, “Libraries, Human Rights and Social Justice”.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00049-00018182-00018679": "“The human rights and social justice functions of libraries are truly what make each library", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00050-00018679-00018779": "a community good.”", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00051-00018779-00019240": "I believe, and I hope you share this belief, that knowledge is a fundamental human right,", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00052-00019240-00019368": "just like sustenance, just like shelter.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00053-00019368-00019981": "And similar to education, we’re challenged to consider as people who are affiliated with", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00054-00019981-00020632": "libraries to understand the power and responsibility we have to fully embody that mission of being", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00055-00020632-00020742": "a community good.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00056-00020742-00021139": "It’s also incumbent upon us to think about what our community means.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00057-00021139-00021618": "Who is our core user community and can we, like Joan encouraged us to do, to think beyond", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00058-00021618-00022415": "what we might consider like a narrow definition of community and think about a broader project.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00059-00022415-00022869": "So at its core, my conversation today is about barriers unfortunately.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00060-00022869-00023243": "The barriers that exist between people in the cultural record and the barriers between", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00061-00023243-00023676": "our institutions and the steps that we can take within our own institutions to reduce", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00062-00023676-00024098": "information inequality through the prioritization and realignment of our own", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00063-00024098-00024295": "resources.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00064-00024295-00024573": "And what resources we have is amazing to me.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00065-00024573-00025082": "Area member libraries alone in 2015 had a combined expenditures of over 3.4 billion", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00066-00025082-00025545": "dollars and if you scale that up to the vast network of libraries that exist in this country", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00067-00025545-00026086": "and across the world, you have a real capacity to make true change, actual change in the", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00068-00026086-00026318": "landscape of information equity.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00069-00026318-00026542": "And it isn’t just financial resources that I’m talking about.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00070-00026542-00026968": "Of course now that I focus on operations I think a lot about the human capacity that", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00071-00026968-00027419": "is embedded within libraries, the people who work in their organizations, they represent", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00072-00027419-00027977": "a vast collective force with the ability to impact discourse and action in higher education", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00073-00027977-00028120": "and beyond.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00074-00028120-00028638": "And if you need proof of that just look what has happened in the scholarly communication", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00075-00028638-00029256": "landscape around information open access, open educational resources and open data.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00076-00029256-00029681": "Without he dedicated efforts of libraries themselves people who have been working in", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00077-00029681-00030150": "scholarly communications and digital initiatives NOA would not be where it is today.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00078-00030150-00030614": "NOA is not where it will be and where it can be, but it’s come a long way in the last", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00079-00030614-00031028": "20 years thanks to the efforts of librarians.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00080-00031028-00031218": "And I have a selfish project as well.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00081-00031218-00031509": "And this gives you part of the reason why I’m talking about what I’m talking about", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00082-00031509-00031686": "today in the context of CNI.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00083-00031686-00032336": "It…at CNI the attendee base of CNI is basically a room full of people who make decisions", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00084-00032336-00032658": "about how libraries are..use their resources, right?", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00085-00032658-00033209": "So I’m thinking about you as folks who have a project of directing the priorities of your", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00086-00033209-00033685": "own institutions and therefore the power and the capability to shape the ways that they", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00087-00033685-00033979": "work on behalf of others.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00088-00033979-00034372": "And of course I want to acknowledge that the context of our different types of libraries,", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00089-00034372-00034834": "our different Carnegiean institutions, our different communities make these decisions", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00090-00034834-00035313": "that we make on behalf of a social justice mission of libraries very different.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00091-00035313-00035862": "So the strategies that I put out today…they’re not meant to be one-size-fit-all..fits-all,", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00092-00035862-00036333": "but they are intended to say that independent of the institutional context that you come", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00093-00036333-00036940": "from, it is possible to make critical, principled, ethical decisions about the way library budgets", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00094-00036940-00037459": "are run in order to have a broader social impact in terms of combatting information", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00095-00037459-00037737": "inequality.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00096-00037737-00038121": "So I want to shift focus now and think about what makes libraries libraries.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00097-00038121-00038762": "What draws us all together despite our institutional context and what kind of project brands us", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00098-00038762-00038978": "as information professionals.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00099-00038978-00039216": "So the Library Bill of Rights has been around for a long time.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00100-00039216-00039637": "I often use this document in my presentation to make a variety of different points.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00101-00039637-00040155": "And today I want to make the principal point that libraries are truly altruistic information", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00102-00040155-00040603": "organizations, organized around a nonprofit imperative, which is becoming increasingly", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00103-00040603-00041124": "rare in this world of information commodification….and commodification of all things truly.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00104-00041124-00041587": "It’s also increasingly important as we see the rising tide of things like fake news and", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00105-00041587-00042093": "just basically epistemological crisis, what is truth, this kind of discourse that’s", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00106-00042093-00042624": "going around society, libraries fulfil a unique and essential function towards pushing back", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00107-00042624-00042868": "against that kind of discourse.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00108-00042868-00043255": "But if you want to dig a layer deeper and think a little bit more complexly about", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00109-00043255-00043877": "Libraries there is a deeper kind of meaning or complicity to this picture.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00110-00043877-00043977": "Libraries are not perfect.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00111-00043977-00044192": "We still have work to do.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00112-00044192-00044672": "For every one of our foundational structural principles, access advocacy, openness, there", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00113-00044672-00045359": "is a flip side that I think we can and should work on to truly forward this project of universal", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00114-00045359-00045922": "access to information and it starts within our institutions at the ground level.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00115-00045922-00046412": "So challenging things like the myth of neutrality that our institutions can be inherently neutral", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00116-00046412-00047044": "in the face of a variety of different challenges, the homogeneity of our own staffing bases…just", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00117-00047044-00047316": "look around the room…most of us are white, let’s be real.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00118-00047316-00047600": "It doesn’t reflect a broader context of society.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00119-00047600-00048009": "Restrictive fines, things that we may not need to levy on our users, fines that haven’t", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00120-00048009-00048316": "been critically examined in the past.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00121-00048316-00048705": "Policies that may throw out more access barriers than we intend to.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00122-00048705-00049228": "And of course, the paywalls that we still are up against ourselves that are levied on", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00123-00049228-00049687": "us from these large extremely profitable publishers.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00124-00049687-00050190": "So I want to challenge us to consider these barriers from a human level..", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00125-00050190-00050381": "From the level of real people.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00126-00050381-00050763": "And I want to quote an article that I highly recommend that everyone in the room read,", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00127-00050763-00051075": "especially if you’re interested in collections and collection development.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00128-00051075-00051632": "Michelle Baildon of MIT recently wrote in CRNO News an article titled, “Extending", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00129-00051632-00052192": "the Open Access Mindset”, that if we focus on the needs of real people right now we must", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00130-00052192-00052480": "remain flexible within our proposed solutions.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00131-00052480-00052929": "This is the mission of social justice itself; to think about real people, marginalized people,", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00132-00052929-00053329": "and how they’re impacted by the decisions our institutions make.”", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00133-00053329-00053722": "This also challenges us to redefine what we think of as our core user groups, which I", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00134-00053722-00053845": "already mentioned.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00135-00053845-00054225": "Applying the mission of our institution beyond its immediate boundaries, despite the pressures", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00136-00054225-00054673": "that we feel from our core constituents and stake holders towards a broader commitment", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00137-00054673-00054955": "to confronting information equality.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00138-00054955-00055220": "And to do so in the way that acknowledges both the digital", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00139-00055220-00055413": "and the analog.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00140-00055413-00055805": "And that’s my project here today…to talk about real people, real problems from that", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00141-00055805-00056275": "digital and that analog standpoint or framework.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00142-00056275-00056796": "So in sum, what I’m trying to do in now 55 minutes, is explain what is complicated,", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00143-00056796-00057439": "but saying what’s current social reality, identify the actors to change it, all of us,", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00144-00057439-00057904": "and provide achievable, attainable, practical goals for social transformation.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00145-00057904-00058066": "I believe we can do this on a daily basis.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00146-00058066-00058204": "I really do.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00147-00058204-00058429": "And I want to think about this idea through two", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00148-00058429-00059113": "Frames, that of economic justice, simply and in principle, economic justice is a component", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00149-00059113-00059507": "of social justice theory, which regularly recognizes that structural inequality is a", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00150-00059507-00060025": "reality in all sorts of different institutions and organizations in the world that creates", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00151-00060025-00060678": "differences in equities, such as classism, racism, homophobia and so forth.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00152-00060678-00061212": "These things pit people with privilege against people without privilege and issues of economic", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00153-00061212-00061698": "justice specifically are clear in things like homelessness, look around downtown San Diego,", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00154-00061698-00062295": "unsafe jobs, unemployment, income inequality, poor healthcare and declining public education.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00155-00062295-00062654": "And that last one hits us really hard ourselves.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00156-00062654-00063049": "So from a systems perspective, which is how I want to talk about economic justice, it’s", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00157-00063049-00063452": "about making sure that the benefits of growth and prosperity and resources are dedicated", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00158-00063452-00063936": "towards people over projects, over profits, over systems.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00159-00063936-00064354": "So if we’re keeping human individuals and their experiences, sometimes their experience", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00160-00064354-00064926": "is a marginalization of their core, what can we as academic libraries do to create a more", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00161-00064926-00065248": "equitable distribution of our own resources.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00162-00065248-00065572": "The second frame is information equity.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00163-00065572-00065993": "This one’s probably a little bit more…a little bit easier to just intuit.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00164-00065993-00066486": "This is a simple principle that who you are, what you earn, what your institutional affiliation", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00165-00066486-00066950": "is, should not matter in terms of the amount of raw knowledge building resource materials", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00166-00066950-00067114": "that you’re able to access.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00167-00067114-00067214": "This is not the case.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00168-00067214-00067462": "We all know that this is not yet the case.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00169-00067462-00067905": "The cultural and scholarly record should be as available to a rural resident looking for", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00170-00067905-00068379": "information on environmental pollutants as it is to a researcher at a large R1.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00171-00068379-00068608": "That is really not the way things are right now.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00172-00068608-00069152": "And libraries is a collective..as a collective…can do more than any other profession, any other", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00173-00069152-00069788": "group of individuals…individuals or organizations…to make this change.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00174-00069788-00070212": "Despite incredible gains made towards open access over the last 20 years, still only", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00175-00070212-00070807": "15% of current journal publications are available as green or gold OAs.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00176-00070807-00071193": "And that doesn’t count hybrid OA, which some people even question whether that’s", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00177-00071193-00071523": "open access in and of itself.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00178-00071523-00072055": "So, with those lofty goals and those large frames, I know that this feels like a very", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00179-00072055-00072155": "huge project.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00180-00072155-00072255": "Right?", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00181-00072255-00072529": "So these are truly stratospheric level ideals.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00182-00072529-00072705": "So what I want to do over the next part of my", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00183-00072705-00072841": "Presentation is Bring this", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00184-00072841-00072973": "Closer to earth.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00185-00072973-00073237": "Bring this down to that human level that I talked about.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00186-00073237-00073589": "And I’m going to do so by telling a couple of stories of my own experience, because I", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00187-00073589-00074080": "definitely like to speak from my own experience, about what it looks like for people who are", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00188-00074080-00074591": "kind of struggling through situations in which access is not a principle that they have much", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00189-00074591-00074761": "affiliation with.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00190-00074761-00075337": "When people are marginalized from information and how institutions such as libraries can", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00191-00075337-00075873": "do different kinds of projects to broaden and open up that resource base to more people", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00192-00075873-00076357": "than you might consider to be part of your core constituency.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00193-00076357-00076756": "So my first Library job was at Ohio University and this", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00194-00076756-00076879": "is back in about 2006.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00195-00076879-00077470": "I went to library school in Austin, Texas at UT Austin, and I kind of shot out of there", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00196-00077470-00078082": "like a rocket to this rural research institution, to about a midsized public institution that", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00197-00078082-00078591": "was doctoral granting, but it was definitely situated in a context of rural poverty.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00198-00078591-00079114": "We were in the southeast corner of Ohio, which is Appalachian area that had a lot of inner", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00199-00079114-00079260": "generational unemployment.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00200-00079260-00079701": "So we were treated really much like a public library by a lot of people.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00201-00079701-00079999": "Working on the reference desk there I would get a lot of questions about how to I create", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00202-00079999-00080099": "an email account?", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00203-00080099-00080250": "What’s an email account?", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00204-00080250-00080519": "People applying for unemployment, that sort of thing.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00205-00080519-00081075": "And I got my own taste of living rurally and my own sort of information in-access situation.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00206-00081075-00081333": "This is my cabin in the woods out there in Ohio.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00207-00081333-00081499": "I lived literally in a holler.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00208-00081499-00081674": "I lived off of Bean Holler Road.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00209-00081674-00082000": "This is an amazing location name.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00210-00082000-00082494": "And the interesting thing about this place is that there was literally no way to have", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00211-00082494-00082601": "internet access out there.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00212-00082601-00083111": "Dialup wasn’t even an option because of the general crappiness of our phone coverage.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00213-00083111-00083623": "So I got the great idea, as a student at Ohio University, to go for an online Master’s", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00214-00083623-00083920": "Degree in a house with no internet access.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00215-00083920-00084111": "And I made this happen.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00216-00084111-00084407": "And the way that I made this happen was a total workaround.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00217-00084407-00084904": "I would take my laptop to work, at the end of the day would load up like 800 tabs in", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00218-00084904-00085374": "my browser with all my course readings, with all the like different learning management", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00219-00085374-00085827": "system things that I needed to type my assignments into, and I would just pray that nothing would", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00220-00085827-00086038": "crash while I was working on it.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00221-00086038-00086138": "Right?", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00222-00086138-00086423": "So this is pretty Much the most benign example of information", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00223-00086423-00086588": "poverty I could come up with.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00224-00086588-00086688": "Right?", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00225-00086688-00087150": "So here I am, a librarian, a person that was raised upper middle class, white person, tons", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00226-00087150-00087742": "of privilege, and just by a fact of not having access to the internet I literally almost", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00227-00087742-00087992": "couldn’t complete my second Master’s Degree.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00228-00087992-00088500": "And I want to acknowledge this as a very vanilla or benign example of information poverty,", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00229-00088500-00088841": "‘cause there’s really a lot more people that have it way worse than that.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00230-00088841-00089450": "But it may be one way of thinking about the…really the…the fundamental challenges that still", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00231-00089450-00089849": "exist between people, information access, and education.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00232-00089849-00090424": "According to Peu Research Center, 11% of U.S. adults still don’t have access to the internet.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00233-00090424-00090982": "22% of those are rural citizens, people located in rural areas.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00234-00090982-00091556": "And I want to extend this analogy to the concept of isolation and information isolation.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00235-00091556-00092044": "When I worked at UC Berkeley, which is the institution I went to after Ohio University,", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00236-00092044-00092714": "of course a huge R1, amazing base of resources, 26 libraries or something at the time I worked", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00237-00092714-00093216": "there, and it was really a vastly different context than working at Ohio University.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00238-00093216-00093551": "At the time that I worked at Berkeley a friend of a friend reached out to me.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00239-00093551-00093747": "He was a very interesting individual.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00240-00093747-00094130": "You can see him there with his hand in a jar of fermented foods.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00241-00094130-00094652": "This person went around the country giving workshops on fermentation to basically share", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00242-00094652-00094979": "the knowledge that he had learned in the context of being sick.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00243-00094979-00095451": "So he had a health problem and he found that fermented foods made him feel a lot better.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00244-00095451-00095805": "So he goes around the country as an educator, teaching people how to make this food.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00245-00095805-00096281": "He’s also extremely scholarly, as an outside scholar if you want to think about it that", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00246-00096281-00096381": "way.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00247-00096381-00096729": "And was researching a book at the time of doing all these different workshops.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00248-00096729-00097170": "And so Sandy reaches out to me, knows that I’m a librarian, and I was like, okay.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00249-00097170-00097425": "So I live in rural Tennessee.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00250-00097425-00097832": "I don’t have a public or an academic library anywhere near me and I have all these extremely", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00251-00097832-00098186": "obscure random articles that I need, can you help me?", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00252-00098186-00098567": "I was like, well, you know, I do Work at Berkeley and there’s a lot of things", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00253-00098567-00099020": "that we have access to that you don’t, so Maybe I’ll just hook you up a little bit….scan", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00254-00099020-00099380": "a few things, download a few things, send ‘em your way.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00255-00099380-00099480": "Right?", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00256-00099480-00099987": "So this individual started to cultivate this personal inner library loan research base…resource", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00257-00099987-00100488": "base…in order to connect him to these articles and these book chapters that he needed to", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00258-00100488-00100633": "complete this work.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00259-00100633-00101150": "And I make this example because what resulted from this outsider scholarship", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00260-00101150-00101714": "and a bunch of libraries may be, you violating some access to regulations, was an incredible", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00261-00101714-00102108": "work that made it on to the New York Times Best Seller List.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00262-00102108-00102568": "And the funny thing that Sandy did was sync like every single librarian that ever helped", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00263-00102568-00102978": "him out and sent him anything, which was like totally like narcing on people, okay?", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00264-00102978-00103843": "But at the same time it was an incredibly interesting thing to see how many people had", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00265-00103843-00104350": "literally kind of violated the access provisions of their own institutions to help this individual", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00266-00104350-00104943": "out, that literally would have had no other recourse to what he needed in that scenario.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00267-00104943-00105431": "So what you have in that context is people with information privilege helping people", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00268-00105431-00105608": "without information privilege.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00269-00105608-00105918": "And now I’m going to make an analogy that Kevin’s", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00270-00105918-00106018": "Going to like.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00271-00106018-00106494": "When I worked at the Claremont Colleges, a very different group of user students then", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00272-00106494-00106732": "at Berkeley or at a higher university.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00273-00106732-00107442": "So seven liberal arts institutions really, a really lot of smart students, but also a", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00274-00107442-00107833": "lot of really privileged students, students that came from very economically affluent", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00275-00107833-00107948": "backgrounds.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00276-00107948-00108397": "And of course being a teacher, I had about 8 years up to that point of teaching information", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00277-00108397-00108813": "literacy sessions for people who, you know, were a little bit bored, maybe not like right", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00278-00108813-00109310": "there with me where I wanted them to be Until I started talking about information", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00279-00109310-00109418": "privilege.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00280-00109418-00109825": "When I would write on the board, you know, X million dollars and then go through this", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00281-00109825-00110358": "backwards conversation with students trying to analyze what that figure meant and what", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00282-00110358-00110923": "I, you know, hope that they can come away with from it, we would like of deconstruct", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00283-00110923-00111648": "that acquisitions budget, how much scholarly communication costs them, as students at an", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00284-00111648-00111800": "institution in terms of Tuition.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00285-00111800-00111997": "We would really dig into the money.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00286-00111997-00112557": "And it was the most compelling way to talk about lack of privilege and access in the", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00287-00112557-00112740": "context of higher education.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00288-00112740-00113233": "And it was a way to really motivate students to think about why information is closed", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00289-00113233-00113896": "And why information is open and most importantly, the responsibilities that they had as information", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00290-00113896-00114491": "privileged people to then push out the institutional resources that they had access to beyond the", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00291-00114491-00114732": "boundaries of the Claremont Colleges.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00292-00114732-00115314": "And also to realize that when they graduated the tap would be shut off, which was a huge", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00293-00115314-00115455": "revelation to all of them.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00294-00115455-00115596": "They didn’t expect that.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00295-00115596-00116025": "And it was hard news for them.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00296-00116025-00116509": "So one on the ways that we did this at the Claremont Colleges was to edit Wikipedia articles", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00297-00116509-00116609": "together.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00298-00116609-00117142": "There was a class that I worked with for years on end that was a really amazing course.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00299-00117142-00117332": "It was An Introduction To American Politics.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00300-00117332-00117875": "And what we would do is organize groups of students into about four or five people and", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00301-00117875-00118541": "we would assign them to create new Wikipedia articles where none existed for core concepts", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00302-00118541-00118677": "in American politics.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00303-00118677-00119097": "And what we Found was that like presenting information", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00304-00119097-00119504": "privileges, a concept of information literacy instruction, that students were incredibly", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00305-00119504-00119664": "engaged in this work.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00306-00119664-00119790": "It was very hard.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00307-00119790-00120203": "We had to drag them and at some points kicking and screaming, through the process of developing", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00308-00120203-00120705": "a highly robust tertiary source, but at the same time the project", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00309-00120705-00121272": "That came out was one of ownership over a piece of the public record that they had created.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00310-00121272-00121673": "So invariably when students would present on their final projects after the articles", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00311-00121673-00122336": "had been published, what we would see was that they were very fascinated and how many", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00312-00122336-00122882": "page views they were getting, how many article edits they..that were coming through, and", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00313-00122882-00123358": "as a result realizing really the scope and impact of their own scholarship.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00314-00123358-00123872": "If you can call Wikipedia scholarship, which You actually can, as MIT Sloan School tells", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00315-00123872-00124252": "us, there is a study that I would really recommend that people check out if they’re interested", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00316-00124252-00124778": "in Wikipedia, which was done in September, or published in September of 2017, which showed", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00317-00124778-00125431": "that primary research coverage of topics in Wikipedia in scientific disciplines influenced", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00318-00125431-00125693": "the way that secondary studies were published.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00319-00125693-00126181": "So the better the primary coverage in Wikipedia, or the tertiary coverage in Wikipedia, the", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00320-00126181-00126940": "more secondary research articles they would see coming out of that Wikipedia coverage.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00321-00126940-00127614": "So moving forward to present day, Cal State San Marcos, I want to contrast my experience", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00322-00127614-00128024": "at this institution with institutions that preceded it.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00323-00128024-00128433": "So our learner population at Cal State San Marcos is very different than any I’ve ever", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00324-00128433-00128588": "worked with before.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00325-00128588-00129176": "47% of our freshman students are Pel Grant recipients.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00326-00129176-00129480": "Underrepresented minorities are about half of our learner population.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00327-00129480-00129823": "First generation students are also about half of our population.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00328-00129823-00130321": "And we just have a lot of challenges among our learners.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00329-00130321-00130822": "Statistics show us that about 25% of our low income students will drop out before the end", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00330-00130822-00131122": "of their second year.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00331-00131122-00131452": "So the project of our institution becomes trying to figure out how to keep these students", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00332-00131452-00131641": "enrolled in school.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00333-00131641-00132188": "The CSU system, all 23 student schools in the CSU system, has a really interesting project", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00334-00132188-00132547": "devoted towards understanding a student’s basic needs.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00335-00132547-00133123": "And by basic needs we go back to those fundamental human rights, housing, food, clothing, physical", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00336-00133123-00133263": "health, healthcare.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00337-00133263-00133587": "And what they found was really shocking to me frankly.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00338-00133587-00134401": "41% of CSU students, and keep in mind this is 500,000 students across the State of California,", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00339-00134401-00134543": "reported food insecurity.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00340-00134543-00134831": "So this is a persistent lack of access to nutrition.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00341-00134831-00135335": "41% of our students again, like this really almost chokes me up as I talk about it.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00342-00135335-00135768": "So you have people who are learning while hunger, attempting to be successful students", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00343-00135768-00136043": "while not having enough food.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00344-00136043-00136651": "We also found 11% of our learner population reported experiencing homelessness in the", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00345-00136651-00136979": "last year, which is a really profound figure.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00346-00136979-00137450": "And it is not isolated to California, nor is it isolated to the CSU system itself.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00347-00137450-00137941": "The Department of Agriculture estimates that 1 in 7 United States households experience", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00348-00137941-00138114": "food insecurity.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00349-00138114-00138664": "So this can be extrapolated to any institutional type that are represented in this room.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00350-00138664-00139046": "So I challenge you to think about what kinds of barriers are confronting your students", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00351-00139046-00139549": "in a very human, fundamental, kind of lived experience way and how your library might", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00352-00139549-00140156": "be able to assist them if they are experiencing those challenges.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00353-00140156-00140720": "So recognizing the student basic needs are a huge concern, the CSU, California State", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00354-00140720-00141196": "University of San Marcos, has done a lot of projects oriented towards understanding what", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00355-00141196-00141722": "students are kind of coming up against in terms of learning persistent challenges.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00356-00141722-00142204": "And as part of the textbook #broke hashtag movement that happened a couple of years ago", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00357-00142204-00142765": "that’s still active, we ran a little project that put on a whiteboard, a couple of whiteboards", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00358-00142765-00143154": "in the main entrances of our institution, “What would you be able to afford if you", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00359-00143154-00143335": "didn’t buy textbooks?”", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00360-00143335-00143666": "And students wrote sticky notes and put them up on the board", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00361-00143666-00144145": "And kind of laid out for us a very important set of findings.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00362-00144145-00144572": "So once we took these results, combined them, and put them together in this little word", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00363-00144572-00145104": "cloud, we see that students are foregoing food, rent, and a life in order to buy their", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00364-00145104-00145305": "course materials.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00365-00145305-00145733": "And this is a really astounding finding for us and something that has kind of wrapped", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00366-00145733-00146207": "out heads around different ways that we can come at our students in the system.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00367-00146207-00147140": "My colleague, Jill Waite, who is a sociologist at CSUSM, did an extra credit afinement in", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00368-00147140-00147546": "one of her second year classes where she asked students to talk about the top three barriers", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00369-00147546-00147892": "to their own academic success as a sophomore.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00370-00147892-00148419": "Time and time again she found that these fundamental human rights challenges were what were really", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00371-00148419-00148799": "standing in the way of her students and their academic success.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00372-00148799-00148938": "So I lost my job last year.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00373-00148938-00149074": "I was on parole.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00374-00149074-00149235": "I lack transportation.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00375-00149235-00149592": "I have famil obligations and home life that prevent me from doing the schoolwork that", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00376-00149592-00149784": "I need to do.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00377-00149784-00150014": "Stress in allocating finances to pay for School.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00378-00150014-00150356": "My culture, my race, my economic background.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00379-00150356-00150873": "So if we pay attention to these things that our students are saying, my academic challenges", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00380-00150873-00151421": "are not being able to, you know, find the exact right resources for my assignments and", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00381-00151421-00151912": "then information, in an lawyer’s sense, they are being able to pay for my housing,", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00382-00151912-00152207": "pay for my own food, and get to and from school.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00383-00152207-00152718": "So our project as a library is not to ignore those things that we’re learning from our", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00384-00152718-00152977": "students, but rather to meet them head on.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00385-00152977-00153591": "To consider and critically analyze how we, as a library, can become an ally to our students", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00386-00153591-00154024": "who are facing these systematic oppressions in their lives.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00387-00154024-00154452": "And we’ve Cone that in part by strategic planning, frankly.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00388-00154452-00154993": "We have a five year strategic plan that we recently refreshed, revised, that has embedded", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00389-00154993-00155428": "in its mission, vision and values and concepts of social justice, concepts of information", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00390-00155428-00155962": "equity, and very practical aims to help move the needle for our students in these core", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00391-00155962-00156089": "basic needs areas.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00392-00156089-00156592": "And I��m going to give you some examples of projects that we’re doing at CSUSM that", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00393-00156592-00157181": "kind of get into this basic needs question and attempt to have a more information equitability", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00394-00157181-00157689": "as well as economic justice scenario and landscape for our own learner population.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00395-00157689-00158136": "And then I’m going to, like I said, converge back into the bigger concept of information", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00396-00158136-00158475": "justice and economic justice.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00397-00158475-00158746": "So first and foremost, what we needed to do is analyze", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00398-00158746-00159025": "Are we paying our employees enough?", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00399-00159025-00159437": "One of the first things that I realized when I got to CSUSM is that there was no way to", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00400-00159437-00159702": "give our student assistants raises.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00401-00159702-00160277": "Now this seems like maybe a small thing, but I think we probably all know how much labor", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00402-00160277-00160873": "student assistants put into academic libraries and they’re usually paid very, very tortuously.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00403-00160873-00161184": "Sometimes they’re only paid through a federal work study until the federal work study runs", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00404-00161184-00161645": "out and they get kind of fired, you know, which is not maybe the best practice, but", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00405-00161645-00161941": "some libraries have to because of budgetary constraints.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00406-00161941-00162260": "So I determined that there’s really no way to give students raises.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00407-00162260-00162657": "I brought this to university human resources and I said, “You know this is kind of problematic.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00408-00162657-00162980": "We’d like to have a wage equity program in place.”", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00409-00162980-00163462": "And I was kind of annoying enough for long enough that they were able to change the rules,", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00410-00163462-00163955": "creating a better conversation system for our student assistants, which has improved", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00411-00163955-00164435": "retention, which has improved job satisfaction, and increased our productivity.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00412-00164435-00164718": "We also pay attention to Cougars Affordable Learning Materials.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00413-00164718-00165159": "So this is of course a textbook affordability program that has saved our students over,", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00414-00165159-00165399": "I think, two and one half million dollars at this point.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00415-00165399-00165937": "So putting institutional human resources and economic resources into creating affordable", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00416-00165937-00166516": "course materials; and I’m so heartened to see so many institutions doing this project.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00417-00166516-00166947": "We’re also surfacing Open Access Collections in our discovery layer.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00418-00166947-00167513": "A shout out to Lauren Magneson and Ean Chan, who are my very brilliant colleagues, who", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00419-00167513-00167993": "are really pushing the needle on what discovery means and how open our own discovery layer", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00420-00167993-00168529": "should be to these OER resources and OA resources.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00421-00168529-00169215": "And in analog capacity, like I mentioned earlier, we’re figuring out creative ways to make", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00422-00169215-00169675": "textbooks available on reserve, so we check them out first semester..or excuse me, we", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00423-00169675-00170028": "rent them for a semester and then check them out to students on two hour reserve, thus", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00424-00170028-00170482": "getting a huge amount of circulation and they really do circulate quite a lot.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00425-00170482-00170927": "We’ve also abolished fines and fees that we find unnecessary.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00426-00170927-00171261": "We were getting next to nothing in revenue from these and it was really just kind of", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00427-00171261-00171625": "a punitive measure that was being imposed on our students and in some cases keeping", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00428-00171625-00171983": "them from being able to graduate due to their resource challenges.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00429-00171983-00172399": "So we now only charge for book losses, for actual replacements.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00430-00172399-00172907": "And I would challenge and ask, request, that libraries in this room think about whether", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00431-00172907-00173387": "fines are actually necessary and what they’re achieving at large.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00432-00173387-00173946": "We’ve opened a 24 hour space that has a really great…it’s just getting a really", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00433-00173946-00174191": "lot of action, a lot of play.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00434-00174191-00174666": "And in that 24 hour space we actually have donations form our Cougar Pantry, which is", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00435-00174666-00175102": "the campus’ food pantry that put these snacks out available for students overnight.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00436-00175102-00175484": "‘Cause we’ve done research and we’ve found that a number of students are there", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00437-00175484-00175661": "because they have nowhere else to go.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00438-00175661-00176234": "They are studying indeed, but they literally have no other home to go to.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00439-00176234-00176619": "Other projects include creating accessible and open spaces, such as gender inclusive", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00440-00176619-00177334": "restrooms, lactation facilities for parents, for mothers who are nursing, insuring that", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00441-00177334-00177907": "we have enough space for ADA accessible seating in the building and also", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00442-00177907-00178477": "Coming up with projects and exhibits that help represent students from marginalized", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00443-00178477-00178645": "communities back to themselves.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00444-00178645-00179103": "So it’s very important for students of color, for students form underrepresented backgrounds,", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00445-00179103-00179514": "to be able to see themselves in different sorts of cultural programming.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00446-00179514-00179985": "And this is an example of a recent exhibit we did in our library on the history of the", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00447-00179985-00180100": "black panther movement.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00448-00180100-00180765": "It had photographs of original panther members and then narrative stories of their experience", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00449-00180765-00180933": "at that time.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00450-00180933-00181496": "This is part of a common read program that future Ta-Nehisi Coates’ “Between The", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00451-00181496-00181696": "World And Me”, which is a fabulous book.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00452-00181696-00181949": "If you haven’t read it, I highly recommend it.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00453-00181949-00182425": "And creating programming Around this common read book, such as inviting", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00454-00182425-00183123": "Alicia Garza from Black Lives Matter to speak at our university on the optic of racial justice,", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00455-00183123-00183422": "a very challenging topic indeed.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00456-00183422-00184016": "And finally making sure that we’re apportioning our resources towards justice in our own hiring", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00457-00184016-00184116": "practices.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00458-00184116-00184538": "We are creating a position for a Senior Assistant Librarian and it’s bilingual, English and", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00459-00184538-00184638": "Spanish.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00460-00184638-00184990": "This is in recognition that we’re a border region institution that has a great number", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00461-00184990-00185113": "of native Spanish speakers.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00462-00185113-00185634": "We’re a Spanish serving institution and it’s absolutely essential that we’re hiring", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00463-00185634-00186034": "staff that reflect our own learner population.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00464-00186034-00186405": "So what ties all of these things together, what ties all of these initiatives and all", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00465-00186405-00187207": "of these analog, typically, efforts together at CSUSM is that we’re attempting to identify", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00466-00187207-00187930": "real lived human barriers that our students and our faculty, frankly, are meeting and", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00467-00187930-00188296": "then overcoming those barriers through programming and resource allocation.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00468-00188296-00188846": "And that means making a really difficult decision about where our resources are going.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00469-00188846-00189316": "And I wanted to mention that this project of information equity and information justice", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00470-00189316-00189666": "in libraries…it’s not possible for us to do everything, right?", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00471-00189666-00190174": "So we forego institutional subscriptions to things like SPARC and the Library Publishing", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00472-00190174-00190680": "Coalition because we have these higher needs among our core learner population.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00473-00190680-00191150": "So making critical decisions, prioritizing different sorts of initiatives, that is absolutely", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00474-00191150-00191592": "a part of this process.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00475-00191592-00191755": "So now I’m going to zoom back out.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00476-00191755-00192026": "I’m going to check the time first.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00477-00192026-00192126": "Excellent.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00478-00192126-00192226": "I’m right on time.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00479-00192226-00192605": "Zoom back out To the stratospheric level and think about", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00480-00192605-00193177": "the more, I’d say the larger scope picture of information equity and economic justice", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00481-00193177-00193413": "in the context of libraries as an aggregate.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00482-00193413-00193737": "On the whole, what can we do to move the needle on this picture?", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00483-00193737-00194468": "So I’ll begin this section with a quote again, John Willinsky writes that, “Access", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00484-00194468-00194891": "to knowledge is a human right that is closely associated with the ability to defend as well", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00485-00194891-00195129": "as advocate for other rights”.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00486-00195129-00195560": "And there have been many activists that took this position and really put a lot of their", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00487-00195560-00195890": "own individual effort and livelihood into making this", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00488-00195890-00196459": "A reality, not the least of which is Aaron Schwartz, who unfortunately and tragically", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00489-00196459-00196961": "took his own life several years ago after being arrested for attempting to download", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00490-00196961-00197386": "the entire JSTOR Corpus from the MIT libraries.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00491-00197386-00197979": "So what Aaron wrote in his Guerilla Open Access Manifesto is about the responsibility of those", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00492-00197979-00198200": "with information privileges to those without.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00493-00198200-00198668": "“Those with access to these resources – students, librarians, scientists – you have been given", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00494-00198668-00198770": "a privilege.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00495-00198770-00199081": "You get to feed at this banquet of knowledge while the rest of the world is locked out.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00496-00199081-00199463": "But you need not – indeed, morally, you cannot – keep this privilege for yourselves.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00497-00199463-00199704": "You have a duty to share it with the world.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00498-00199704-00200155": "And you have: trading passwords with colleagues, filling download requests for friends.”", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00499-00200155-00200313": "And again, I am not advocating for these measures.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00500-00200313-00200605": "I’m not advocating for these approaches, but I am saying that", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00501-00200605-00201014": "They are very real and they have persisted and been inspired by this kind of rhetoric", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00502-00201014-00201296": "in a variety of different ways.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00503-00201296-00201849": "On a smaller scale on the #ICanHazPdf hashtag shows you kind of the efforts of a bunch of", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00504-00201849-00202441": "different academics who put out a DOI or put our at citation on Twitter and then hope to", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00505-00202441-00202858": "net back a pdf downloaded by a colleague at a different institution.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00506-00202858-00203385": "On a much larger scale, Alexandra Avakian, who’s a neuroscientist and researcher from", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00507-00203385-00203665": "Khuzestan, Created SCI-HUB, which Joan mentioned this", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00508-00203665-00204343": "morning in her keynote, which nefariously, and I must admit ingeniously, takes publicly", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00509-00204343-00205071": "posted login credentials for paywalled institutions and uses them to backdoor past the paywall", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00510-00205071-00205604": "and to spit out, using just a DOI, the pdf copy of a journal.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00511-00205604-00206138": "It’s really, I mean again, it’s genius and it’s also a huge challenge to the amount", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00512-00206138-00206563": "of resources that libraries put forward on all of these subscriptions.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00513-00206563-00207057": "So this is to say that knowledge is a fundamental human right and it will find a way of being", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00514-00207057-00207496": "accessible even if that way is not precisely legal.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00515-00207496-00208073": "SCI-HUB has been enjoined a number of times by Elsevier and other publishers to stop what", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00516-00208073-00208303": "it’s doing, to take its resources down.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00517-00208303-00208660": "Every time they kind of like whack-a-mole it kind of pops up somewhere else under a", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00518-00208660-00209011": "different URL and people still use it.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00519-00209011-00209555": "And I want to linger for a moment on how people are using SCI-HUB, which I think is very fascinating", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00520-00209555-00210085": "and very important for academic libraries to think about as we try to forward the kind", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00521-00210085-00210385": "of massive project of Open Access.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00522-00210385-00210944": "Science Journal found, and this again just kind of gives me chills, that not only are", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00523-00210944-00211496": "individuals across the global cell who have a very compelling interest in being able to", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00524-00211496-00211921": "get around the paywall because of the lack of resources in global cell institutions,", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00525-00211921-00212348": "not only are the people in the global cell and people in unaffiliated researchers", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00526-00212348-00212901": "Downloading from SCI-Hub, it’s people in our own institutions, in our own colleges,", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00527-00212901-00213460": "in our own libraries who find this interface easier to use, more straight forward and more", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00528-00213460-00214008": "systematic to use than the other legitimate Open Access resources that are out there.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00529-00214008-00214571": "And I think, I would posit, that what’s Happening is things are open, but they’re", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00530-00214571-00214750": "still difficult to access.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00531-00214750-00215136": "We have a proliferation of different tools, of different search interfaces, and different", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00532-00215136-00215659": "acronyms, my God, acronyms alone are enough to make you want to memorize for like three", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00533-00215659-00215776": "years.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00534-00215776-00216248": "But the resources are open, but they’re hard for people to understand how to access.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00535-00216248-00216672": "This goes for our institutionally affiliated people, our faculty, our students, as well", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00536-00216672-00216991": "as people who are not part of that core user community.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00537-00216991-00217462": "So if we have open, but hard to access we also have closed but readily available.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00538-00217462-00217807": "And this is not a sustainable model, SCI-Hub cannot be around forever.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00539-00217807-00218225": "It will get whacked down a number of times and it will pop up…pop back up, perhaps", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00540-00218225-00218362": "not forever though.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00541-00218362-00218955": "So this challenge to libraries, this challenge to scholarly societies", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00542-00218955-00219678": "Is to figure out this access problem…this incredibly difficult sticky problem to answer.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00543-00219678-00220217": "How can we make this open, yet challenging to access, closed by readily available picture", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00544-00220217-00220539": "dwindle into obscurity?", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00545-00220539-00221254": "So John Windsler, who’s a fellow dean in the CSU system posed in a 2017 article that", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00546-00221254-00221657": "it’s a collective action dilemma and it prevents the library community from truly", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00547-00221657-00222183": "banding together to address this problem, to reduce redundancy of effort in funding,", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00548-00222183-00222755": "redundancy of effort in resource allocation, to foster a new communication publishing ecosystem", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00549-00222755-00223204": "are released to gain enough leverage to start negotiating ourselves back off of the cliff", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00550-00223204-00223830": "that we are all on with the increasing rates of inflation that we get every single year", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00551-00223830-00224148": "on our core journal access subscriptions.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00552-00224148-00224573": "And I quote John, “To truly reduce our costs, librarians would have to build a shared online", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00553-00224573-00225019": "collection of scholarly resources jointly managed by the academic community as a whole.”", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00554-00225019-00225192": "No small task.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00555-00225192-00225555": "This call for collective action is being answered by so many efforts, some of which are being", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00556-00225555-00225838": "discussed at this very conference literally right now.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00557-00225838-00226444": "And I kind of wish I was in that room as well, but you know, I cannot particle split in that", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00558-00226444-00226544": "way.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00559-00226544-00226910": "So if there’s a collective Action dilemma what we have to do is create", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00560-00226910-00227494": "an institutional action imperative contextually specific depending on the type of institution", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00561-00227494-00228021": "we are, depending on the needs of our user communities and the broader scholarly ecosystem,", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00562-00228021-00228415": "as well as the bigger social project of social justice itself.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00563-00228415-00228923": "The authors of recent CDLOA Pathways Study, and this is something that I highly recommend", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00564-00228923-00229413": "you check out, OA Pathways, California Digital Libraries, the authors of this study write", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00565-00229413-00229928": "in nature index, “If we are going to accelerate progress towards free readership for all,", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00566-00229928-00230407": "we, as libraries, scholarly societies and authors, must make critical choices about", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00567-00230407-00230590": "how we spend our money.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00568-00230590-00231132": "That means deciding to spend less where it is not well spent, making critical decisions", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00569-00231132-00231621": "about things like cancellations, pushing back against double dipping practices around hybrid", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00570-00231621-00231833": "OAs, etc.”", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00571-00231833-00232389": "David Lewis proposes a 2.5% commitment of institutional budgets towards open access", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00572-00232389-00232915": "and I quote David, “There is money, the critical question is: are we, in the academic", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00573-00232915-00233305": "library community, prepared to reallocate enough of it to accomplish what needs to be", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00574-00233305-00233663": "done?”", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00575-00233663-00234138": "So what I want to do over the last part of this presentation is talk about the collective", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00576-00234138-00234609": "actions and institutional actions that I think are really getting this right, that are doing", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00577-00234609-00235167": "an excellent job of having an information justice orientation, as well as an economic", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00578-00235167-00235588": "justice orientation, where the decisions they’re making about institutional and collective", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00579-00235588-00236314": "resources are truly guided by ethical imperative to make sure that this access and discoverability", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00580-00236314-00236655": "picture is truly better for all people.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00581-00236655-00237229": "And I begin with an example that might be known to some people in the room at least.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00582-00237229-00237715": "There are grassroots collectives such as Radical Reference who literally set up shops and things", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00583-00237715-00238433": "like protests and, you know, political…political conventions that dispense information as needed", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00584-00238433-00238966": "on the street to people who may be getting arrested for being protestors, who help the", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00585-00238966-00239501": "Sandy’s of the world when they’re unable to, through things like ICANHAZpdf or SCI-Hub,", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00586-00239501-00239601": "find what they need.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00587-00239601-00240059": "So true research assistance through individual collectives.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00588-00240059-00240753": "We also have large consortia making the critically difficult decision to cancel huge research", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00589-00240753-00241142": "packages as a leveraging technique, as a negotiation technique.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00590-00241142-00241242": "Right?", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00591-00241242-00241690": "So one of the way that we can pressure big publishers to kind of ease up on the prices,", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00592-00241690-00242161": "ease up on the APCs that they’re charging is to say, “Absolutely not.”", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00593-00242161-00242564": "And this happens all the time and it always makes a big splash, but this is truly what", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00594-00242564-00243219": "Roger Schonfeld of Ithaca S&R proposes in a 2017 Ithaca issue brief called “Red Light,", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00595-00243219-00243319": "Green Light”.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00596-00243319-00243709": "What if libraries found ways to bring together the whole library behind the objective of", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00597-00243709-00243985": "stabilizing or reducing what they pay?", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00598-00243985-00244481": "This collective action does exactly that…stabilizes and reduces what we all pay.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00599-00244481-00244965": "Boycotts, cancellations, and collective protests in this form.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00600-00244965-00245487": "I also want to call out interesting projects such as SciELO, Scientific Electric Library", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00601-00245487-00245587": "Online.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00602-00245587-00245914": "And this is a global self-initiative that bring together countries such as Argentina,", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00603-00245914-00246715": "Chili, Columbia, Costa Rica to create an open access publishing platform and search repository", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00604-00246715-00247404": "where the scholarly output of global countries can be as visible and be kind of like raised", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00605-00247404-00247726": "to the recognition of global north researchers.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00606-00247726-00248146": "And this is a very important point because a lot of times the output of these nations", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00607-00248146-00248896": "are kind of subsumed or sub altered to researchers in the United States or European nations.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00608-00248896-00249679": "Similarly, the African Journal Online Libraries sticks to raising the level of African scholarship", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00609-00249679-00250079": "and increase the global profile of African Scholarship on the research cycles of the", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00610-00250079-00250196": "global north.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00611-00250196-00250707": "And it does go by hosting open access journals, as well as paywall journals, creating an account", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00612-00250707-00251106": "and you can kind of debit an account for the number of journals that you download, or excuse", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00613-00251106-00251287": "me, the number of articles that you download.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00614-00251287-00251953": "Similarly, but a little bit differently, there are things like AGORA, ANARA and ORA, which", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00615-00251953-00252517": "are collaborations between major publishers, nonprofits and NGOs that help make the scholarly", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00616-00252517-00253060": "output of global north countries available to researchers in the global south developing", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00617-00253060-00253331": "nations.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00618-00253331-00253903": "I also want to call out creative and awesome if I do say so myself, technological tools", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00619-00253903-00254656": "such as Paywall Browser Extension, which uses OADOI to surface from a digital object identifier", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00620-00254656-00255044": "much as…much like Firefinder does, but legally.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00621-00255044-00255469": "The whatever open access content, or version of an article, is out there.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00622-00255469-00255748": "You don’t use OADOI if you don’t use on paywall.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00623-00255748-00256152": "I strongly recommend that you check that out.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00624-00256152-00256590": "And organizations that are providing new research workflow platforms, such as Wellcome Open", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00625-00256590-00257277": "Research, which covers APCs through the Wellcome Trust and creates an entirely new way of submitting", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00626-00257277-00257929": "articles, having there pier reviewed, instantaneous publication through article revision process.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00627-00257929-00258526": "Switching from the Collective to the Institutional, these are a few projects that I respect very", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00628-00258526-00259182": "deeply and that I want to call out as, again, highly successful at orienting institutional", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00629-00259182-00259598": "resources towards a broader open access effort or initiative.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00630-00259598-00260258": "So OPENSTAX is an open courseware and technology…or excuse me…textbook publishing platform that", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00631-00260258-00260677": "is based at Rice University and I believe they have about 30 textbooks available at", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00632-00260677-00261132": "this point that are fully open and there’s library engagement in this project.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00633-00261132-00261590": "Excuse me, 29 books are available now, as well as open courseware and assignments and", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00634-00261590-00261785": "things like that.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00635-00261785-00262181": "The DATAREFUGE project is fascinating at the University of Pennsylvania.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00636-00262181-00262866": "This was created to help data from going kind of into obscurity, from being lost after it’s", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00637-00262866-00262988": "published.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00638-00262988-00263444": "Lori Allen, the Assistant Director for Scholarship at PENN Libraries is the organizer of the", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00639-00263444-00263544": "project.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00640-00263544-00263748": "So the loss of data happens all the time.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00641-00263748-00263967": "The web that we rely on is really brittle.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00642-00263967-00264400": "So what they’ve done is create a platform that can aggregate and preserve data from", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00643-00264400-00264755": "a number of different institutional contacts.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00644-00264755-00265462": "The Mukurtu Team for digital…excuse me…the Mukurtu Platform for Content Management of", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00645-00265462-00265969": "culturally aware community driven digital collection building is something that I really,", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00646-00265969-00266078": "really respect.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00647-00266078-00266579": "So this is a CMS that allows digital special collections to be created with the consent", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00648-00266579-00267163": "and input of the communities that have created the content, such as Native American and other", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00649-00267163-00267339": "indigenous communities.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00650-00267339-00267807": "And this is created and run out of the Washington State University Center for Digital Scholarship", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00651-00267807-00268285": "and Curation.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00652-00268285-00268913": "SPARC recognized Tidewater Community College for a project that actually creates zero dollar", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00653-00268913-00269344": "sum course text costs, which is an amazing program.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00654-00269344-00269801": "Statistics range from between 600 to 1200 dollars a year in textbook costs.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00655-00269801-00270136": "And there are institutions popping up across the country that have figured out ways to", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00656-00270136-00270719": "subsidize the cost of course texts and reduce the student outlay on their resources in service", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00657-00270719-00271151": "of being able to pay for their basic needs instead.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00658-00271151-00271771": "And finally, and very importantly, whole institutions orient their operations around a social justice", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00659-00271771-00272424": "project, such as MIT Libraries’ recent Global Platform Vision in Mission, which takes every", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00660-00272424-00273079": "aspect of their institution and finds ways to basically align it with ethical values", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00661-00273079-00273248": "and social justice values.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00662-00273248-00273653": "And there’s a report published I believe in 2016 that was like a preliminary finding", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00663-00273653-00274122": "of a large project they had done to align the library’s values with the institution’s", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00664-00274122-00274645": "values, as well as a broader project of information equity.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00665-00274645-00275261": "So the common point in all of these projects is, like MIT, to align a vision with resources;", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00666-00275261-00275876": "to have a broader and like a more focused underpinning of information equity and equitability", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00667-00275876-00276447": "and access for more than just an individual institution and to take the resources that", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00668-00276447-00276874": "are available in that institution and realign them behind this open project.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00669-00276874-00277303": "And they do so in a way that recognizes both the digital and the analog.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00670-00277303-00277541": "I think this is the most interesting thing of all.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00671-00277541-00278056": "They see the human cost of information and equity, the human cost of economic privilege", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00672-00278056-00278519": "and information privilege that isn’t distributed more broadly than to the individuals that", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00673-00278519-00278658": "hold it.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00674-00278658-00279263": "So, in closing, I hope that I’ve made the point and made the challenge that information", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00675-00279263-00279618": "equity And economic justice are inextricably linked", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00676-00279618-00280137": "and are guiding principles at our universities and our libraries can use in service of achieving", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00677-00280137-00280619": "the former in the face of growing information commodification.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00678-00280619-00281055": "Libraries have the capacity to conceive of a project of liberation, true liberation for", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00679-00281055-00281538": "those in positions of information marginalization and to act on these principles in service", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00680-00281538-00281967": "of the greater good in very human individual ways.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00681-00281967-00282349": "So I challenge you and encourage you to think about your own institutions…how they are", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00682-00282349-00282789": "situated, who the stakeholders are, what kinds of justice oriented decision you could be", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00683-00282789-00283101": "making with the resources that are available to you.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00684-00283101-00283453": "If those decisions are currently informing the projects that you’re developing and", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00685-00283453-00283676": "the initiatives that you’re engaged in.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00686-00283676-00284079": "And I want to leave you with a quote from the amazing Toni Morrison that I think helps", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00687-00284079-00284475": "focus on this project of…of…among us as individuals.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00688-00284475-00284861": "“When you get these jobs that you have been so brilliantly trained for, just remember", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00689-00284861-00285318": "that your real job is that if you are free, (which I believe most of us are) you need", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00690-00285318-00285468": "to free somebody else.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00691-00285468-00285820": "If you have some power, then your job is to empower somebody else.”", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00692-00285820-00286247": "And I hope that we can align ourselves behind that project as information professionals,", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00693-00286247-00286689": "as our, you know, professional codes of ethics tell us to do.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00694-00286689-00286847": "And that was my presentation.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00695-00286847-00286947": "Thank you very much.", "k75-3t3R_3Y-00696-00286947-00286947": "(Applause)"}}, {"audio_id": "k7QNz15xf1U", "text": {"k7QNz15xf1U-00000-00005487-00006750": "maybe this time I'll be lucky maybe this time he'll stir", "k7QNz15xf1U-00001-00006750-00008535": "maybe this time for the first time love won't hurry", "k7QNz15xf1U-00002-00008619-00009171": "I'll be home at last", "k7QNz15xf1U-00003-00009297-00010883": "not a loser anymore like the last time and the time before everybody", "k7QNz15xf1U-00004-00010883-00011739": "love's a winner so nobody loved me", "k7QNz15xf1U-00005-00011750-00012584": "I call singing my first language our currency is being open and being opened", "k7QNz15xf1U-00006-00012584-00013061": "and available to our emotions if you're closed off as a person how are you gonna", "k7QNz15xf1U-00007-00013061-00013547": "be a performer to get out there and you know show love or show agony or show", "k7QNz15xf1U-00008-00013547-00014612": "despair listen make sure I'm listening to the person I up I'm up there on stage", "k7QNz15xf1U-00009-00014612-00015013": "with because if you're truly listening then that will force you to be in the", "k7QNz15xf1U-00010-00015013-00016886": "moment yes the strong get some more while weak once pain empty pockets", "k7QNz15xf1U-00011-00016886-00017652": "stones", "k7QNz15xf1U-00012-00017652-00019528": "hell fuck bubbly hell but god bless the child less got his own yes God is Oh", "k7QNz15xf1U-00013-00019528-00020138": "evolution is very important to me as an artist usually if I'm scared of it I", "k7QNz15xf1U-00014-00020138-00020795": "know I have to do it I will be a better actress a better artist doesn't", "k7QNz15xf1U-00015-00020795-00021730": "necessarily mean that I will succeed but will I have grown as a result", "k7QNz15xf1U-00016-00025545-00025751": "you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00017-00028033-00028669": "good afternoon I'm Philip quarry and it is my great pleasure to welcome all of", "k7QNz15xf1U-00018-00028669-00029701": "you to the 2018 Eugene McDermott award in the arts celebration celebration of", "k7QNz15xf1U-00019-00029701-00030511": "the extraordinary Audra McDonald and if any of you were at Symphony Hall last", "k7QNz15xf1U-00020-00030511-00031162": "night and had the privilege of listening seeing and listening to Audra McDonald", "k7QNz15xf1U-00021-00031162-00031999": "you'll know just how extraordinary she is first I want to recognize Mary", "k7QNz15xf1U-00022-00031999-00032623": "McDermott cook who is with us this evening Mary McDermott cook is the", "k7QNz15xf1U-00023-00032623-00033307": "president of Eugene McDermott Foundation she has been an inspiration to all of us", "k7QNz15xf1U-00024-00033307-00033928": "at MIT for her great support and in support of her remarkable mother", "k7QNz15xf1U-00025-00033928-00035131": "Margaret McDermott Margaret McDermott is the individual who created this award 44", "k7QNz15xf1U-00026-00035131-00035812": "years ago and it has been a thriving award throughout and Margaret couldn't", "k7QNz15xf1U-00027-00035812-00036343": "be with us but Mary is always with us here representing her mother and also", "k7QNz15xf1U-00028-00036343-00036892": "here with members of friends and members of the McDermott family so we're just", "k7QNz15xf1U-00029-00036892-00037378": "delighted Mary for your tremendous support and we wish Margaret were here", "k7QNz15xf1U-00030-00037378-00038023": "with us and you I know you'll wish her all of us the best for her now as", "k7QNz15xf1U-00031-00038023-00038782": "associate provost with responsibility for the Arts at MIT I'm reminded every", "k7QNz15xf1U-00032-00038782-00039571": "day of the importance the arts are to the pursuit of excellence at this great", "k7QNz15xf1U-00033-00039571-00040099": "institution of ours our our unparalleled public art collection is one example but", "k7QNz15xf1U-00034-00040099-00040612": "also the concerts the plays the exhibitions the installations put on by", "k7QNz15xf1U-00035-00040612-00041317": "our Performing and visual artists on our faculty and among our students not just", "k7QNz15xf1U-00036-00041317-00041759": "for this but for the world our students who", "k7QNz15xf1U-00037-00041759-00042365": "mainly come here to study science and engineering also partake and participate", "k7QNz15xf1U-00038-00042365-00043097": "in the arts fully nearly half of all undergraduates at MIT for example choose", "k7QNz15xf1U-00039-00043097-00043766": "to take a class in the Performing Arts each academic year that is one reason it", "k7QNz15xf1U-00040-00043766-00044261": "has felt so appropriate to have had Audra McDonald in our midst and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00041-00044261-00044811": "especially for our vocal students to have had the opportunity to perform and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00042-00044811-00045536": "be coached by her and she paid tribute to them last night in remarkable ways", "k7QNz15xf1U-00043-00045536-00046013": "for which will never forget which will never forget now Audra McDonald is one", "k7QNz15xf1U-00044-00046013-00046421": "of the most accomplished actor singers of the American Musical Theater of", "k7QNz15xf1U-00045-00046421-00047300": "course MIT is not the only one who has noticed her over the years we're not the", "k7QNz15xf1U-00046-00047300-00048077": "last but we aren't the first you could call Audra a serial award winner six", "k7QNz15xf1U-00047-00048077-00048722": "Toni's two Grammys an Emmy a National Medal for the Arts from President Obama", "k7QNz15xf1U-00048-00048722-00049280": "and much more I should make clear that she has earned the McDermott award not", "k7QNz15xf1U-00049-00049280-00049853": "for a single work or for lifetime achievement but for certain qualities", "k7QNz15xf1U-00050-00049853-00050618": "that reflect mi t--'s values and ideals first her commitment to risk-taking for", "k7QNz15xf1U-00051-00050618-00051225": "embracing and mastering the most challenging roles especially as she said", "k7QNz15xf1U-00052-00051225-00052025": "those roles that scare her as one critic wrote she immerses herself in roles with", "k7QNz15xf1U-00053-00052025-00052655": "such unrelenting fortitude that it simply knocks you out a second quality", "k7QNz15xf1U-00054-00052655-00053424": "is Audra McDonald's versatility which reveals equally well in performing", "k7QNz15xf1U-00055-00053424-00053720": "musical theater in the Great American Songbook", "k7QNz15xf1U-00056-00053720-00054297": "in Shakespeare and most recently in network television and a third quality", "k7QNz15xf1U-00057-00054297-00054747": "is her ability to connect creative minds across", "k7QNz15xf1U-00058-00054747-00055280": "something that we are totally committed to at MIT there she commented upon", "k7QNz15xf1U-00059-00055280-00055848": "accepting our invitation to receive the McDermott award my greatest hope is that", "k7QNz15xf1U-00060-00055848-00056591": "art helps us as a society to find common ground to create dialogue and to", "k7QNz15xf1U-00061-00056591-00057047": "understand each other in new and meaningful ways", "k7QNz15xf1U-00062-00057047-00057758": "now we're thrilled that Audra McDonald's colleague and friend Oscar Eustace has", "k7QNz15xf1U-00063-00057758-00058149": "joined her today to speak with us he has been artistic", "k7QNz15xf1U-00064-00058149-00058637": "director of the Public Theatre of New York since 2005 and is a professor of", "k7QNz15xf1U-00065-00058637-00059211": "dramatic dramatic arts writing and public policy at New York University the", "k7QNz15xf1U-00066-00059211-00059795": "Public Theatre arguably has done more to nurture America's best writers and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00067-00059795-00060347": "directors and actors than any other institution as well as the democratize", "k7QNz15xf1U-00068-00060347-00060851": "theater by expanding the roles participants and art forms associated", "k7QNz15xf1U-00069-00060851-00061374": "with it these days the transformation can be summed up by", "k7QNz15xf1U-00070-00061374-00062250": "mentioning one show one word Hamilton which premiered there at the Public", "k7QNz15xf1U-00071-00062250-00062750": "Theater in early 2015 but the innovation and expansion of the Performing Arts", "k7QNz15xf1U-00072-00062750-00063222": "that have characterized oscar uses his leadership of the public theater have", "k7QNz15xf1U-00073-00063222-00063758": "been in progress for years now and no doubt will continue to transform theater", "k7QNz15xf1U-00074-00063758-00064295": "in the United States and beyond Audra McDonald appeared in the public theaters", "k7QNz15xf1U-00075-00064295-00064994": "2004 production of Henry the fourth and in 12:9 Twelfth Night in 2009 and I'm", "k7QNz15xf1U-00076-00064994-00065487": "certain Audra and Oscar have much more than these productions in common when it", "k7QNz15xf1U-00077-00065487-00066024": "comes to their vision for theater and for the contributions the arts make to", "k7QNz15xf1U-00078-00066024-00066581": "society I know they do together Audra McDonald and Oskar Eustis will discuss", "k7QNz15xf1U-00079-00066581-00067380": "some of the highlights of her career how theatrical revivals reflect the times", "k7QNz15xf1U-00080-00067380-00067854": "and the evolution of social attitudes and cultural experiences and how theatre", "k7QNz15xf1U-00081-00067854-00068419": "has evolved to be come more inclusive and more", "k7QNz15xf1U-00082-00068419-00069035": "representative of contemporary diversity please join me in welcoming Audra", "k7QNz15xf1U-00083-00069035-00069420": "McDonald and Oscar useless", "k7QNz15xf1U-00084-00071743-00072236": "Aundre I think we should get the formalities out of the way okay we're", "k7QNz15xf1U-00085-00072236-00072901": "talking today to the greatest singing actress in the history of the American", "k7QNz15xf1U-00086-00073327-00073874": "and sorry but it's true and the thing that we're gonna be exploring today is", "k7QNz15xf1U-00087-00073874-00074561": "we're gonna try to figure out how she does it so we can imitate it yes so we", "k7QNz15xf1U-00088-00074561-00075016": "can appreciate it a little more and I'd love to start this is a research", "k7QNz15xf1U-00089-00075016-00075597": "institution and I'd love to start with Lady Day okay because your performance", "k7QNz15xf1U-00090-00075597-00076013": "in Lady we play today was I thought absolutely miraculous not only the", "k7QNz15xf1U-00091-00076013-00076538": "tremendous spiritual and emotional depth you brought but also the transformation", "k7QNz15xf1U-00092-00076538-00077591": "of your voice and the fit it was it was uncanny deeply disturbing how did you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00093-00077591-00078257": "understand that about Billie Holiday um well you know I I was always a terrible", "k7QNz15xf1U-00094-00078257-00078842": "student I was never good at doing my homework on time and and and doing it", "k7QNz15xf1U-00095-00078842-00079169": "thoroughly but I was always a good student when it came to researching", "k7QNz15xf1U-00096-00079169-00079904": "roles and and and my work in the theatre and with Billie Holiday I researched her", "k7QNz15xf1U-00097-00079904-00080729": "into oblivion I mean I I I not only read every book I could about her I dug up", "k7QNz15xf1U-00098-00080729-00081311": "every audio interview I could find of her speaking I mean she through his", "k7QNz15xf1U-00099-00081311-00081638": "interview she did with Mike Wallace there was certain other you know radio", "k7QNz15xf1U-00100-00081638-00082430": "programs in Amsterdam and in Sweden as well as in the States there's a lot of", "k7QNz15xf1U-00101-00082430-00083018": "audio recordings from rehearsal she had with her band when she was just at one", "k7QNz15xf1U-00102-00083018-00083426": "of Jimmy roles apartment her where do you find those reporters all over the", "k7QNz15xf1U-00103-00083426-00084501": "place on the Internet the dark web a lot of places in you know", "k7QNz15xf1U-00104-00084501-00084936": "in a lot of books that I read would make mention yeah you know where to find them", "k7QNz15xf1U-00105-00084936-00085417": "and and and those it was very interesting with those particular", "k7QNz15xf1U-00106-00085417-00085833": "recordings especially the ones where she was rehearsing with her band as you'd", "k7QNz15xf1U-00107-00085833-00086223": "hear the interviews of her with Mike Wallace and then her very off guard with", "k7QNz15xf1U-00108-00086223-00086692": "her band and hear the the difference not only in lucidity but depending on how", "k7QNz15xf1U-00109-00086692-00087385": "drunk she was or you know wherever her you know her mental state was but she", "k7QNz15xf1U-00110-00087385-00087843": "was also an incredible Rock hunter she was very funny when she would tell", "k7QNz15xf1U-00111-00087843-00088445": "stories she was very good at imitating people as well so I did all of that", "k7QNz15xf1U-00112-00088445-00088926": "oral research of course all of her recordings her vocal recordings her", "k7QNz15xf1U-00113-00088926-00089436": "singing and then I interviewed everybody I could find that was still alive that", "k7QNz15xf1U-00114-00089436-00089820": "knew her that spent time with her I talked to dr. Maya Angelou who had spent", "k7QNz15xf1U-00115-00089820-00090342": "some time with her I spoke to some of her old pianists I spent time with her", "k7QNz15xf1U-00116-00090342-00090916": "godson and you just asked them every story everything and as the show was", "k7QNz15xf1U-00117-00090916-00091350": "running more and more people would come to see the show that had spent time with", "k7QNz15xf1U-00118-00091350-00091695": "her so people would bring it people would come backstage and bring me little", "k7QNz15xf1U-00119-00091695-00092151": "bits and pieces of her through stories they had one woman whose father ran on a", "k7QNz15xf1U-00120-00092151-00092617": "dive nightclub somewhere and she was charged with going to pick up Billie", "k7QNz15xf1U-00121-00092617-00093085": "Holiday and bring her to the club to do the show and you know she told me the", "k7QNz15xf1U-00122-00093085-00093552": "story of how we had to stop and get a big old bottle of I think it was gin and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00123-00093552-00093870": "she drank half of it by the time they got to the club and it was only like a", "k7QNz15xf1U-00124-00093870-00094476": "20 minute drive you know so people would bring me bits and pieces of her and then", "k7QNz15xf1U-00125-00094476-00094968": "finding her actual voice I realized the more I listened to the audio recordings", "k7QNz15xf1U-00126-00094968-00095497": "of her speaking the more I realized that she sounded and had a cadence quite a", "k7QNz15xf1U-00127-00095497-00096174": "bit like my grandmother my paternal grandmother and as a child I used to I", "k7QNz15xf1U-00128-00096174-00096576": "mean and I did it even as an adult until she passed away my mom's here my mom", "k7QNz15xf1U-00129-00096576-00096952": "would remember I used to I used to imitate my my", "k7QNz15xf1U-00130-00096952-00097369": "grandmother and all of my all of her daughters my aunts", "k7QNz15xf1U-00131-00097369-00097864": "to their faces because I just thought it was funny to imitate them and sometimes", "k7QNz15xf1U-00132-00097864-00098356": "I thought it was funny and sometimes they would you know be quiet but I used", "k7QNz15xf1U-00133-00098356-00098866": "to imitate Nana all the time and I realized one day and listening to Billie", "k7QNz15xf1U-00134-00098866-00099379": "Holiday's like she speaks like Nana Wow oh my goodness", "k7QNz15xf1U-00135-00099379-00099907": "Billie Holiday's sounds like Nana so I started imitating Nana and that's how I", "k7QNz15xf1U-00136-00099907-00100393": "found Billy that's how I found the vocal quality for Billie I so I in some ways I", "k7QNz15xf1U-00137-00100393-00100841": "thank my grandmother because I use she was my conduit to get to you know Billie", "k7QNz15xf1U-00138-00100841-00101566": "um but I have to ask in addition to your grandmother and the research they so", "k7QNz15xf1U-00139-00101566-00101986": "much about Billie Holliday was affected by her drug dependency and substance", "k7QNz15xf1U-00140-00101986-00102589": "abuse and how how and when I watched you on stage it felt like I was watching", "k7QNz15xf1U-00141-00102589-00103090": "somebody who understood that really much more deeply than your career could have", "k7QNz15xf1U-00142-00103090-00104232": "allowed you to understand that yeah so well I mean I did the research I dodged", "k7QNz15xf1U-00143-00104272-00105130": "no no no I did not actually do heroin however I did the research I we talked", "k7QNz15xf1U-00144-00105130-00105896": "to heroin addicts survivors we talked to I say we mean Lonny price mcdr Ector who", "k7QNz15xf1U-00145-00105896-00106169": "sort of brought the project to me and you know held my hand the whole way", "k7QNz15xf1U-00146-00106169-00107059": "through we looked at lots of footage of people not only under the influence but", "k7QNz15xf1U-00147-00107059-00107785": "people who were who had been through it and lived to tell the story we talked to", "k7QNz15xf1U-00148-00107785-00108655": "some methadone addicts and so we did all that research I also drank really", "k7QNz15xf1U-00149-00108655-00109033": "heavily one night and tried to do as much of the play as I could just not not", "k7QNz15xf1U-00150-00109033-00109733": "on stage but just at home yeah I didn't get very far but I got the feeling of", "k7QNz15xf1U-00151-00109733-00110231": "what that was like to work through and and and and try and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00152-00110231-00110666": "function through that fog yeah I talked to doctors too", "k7QNz15xf1U-00153-00110666-00111128": "I'm just to get an idea of what the body is going through what happens to the", "k7QNz15xf1U-00154-00111128-00111722": "body and also it's a very specific time when the play takes place for months", "k7QNz15xf1U-00155-00111722-00112256": "before Billy Holladay passed away so she was dealing with very specific medical", "k7QNz15xf1U-00156-00112256-00112949": "issues she was quite swollen her she was not eating really at all her legs and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00157-00112949-00113345": "her ankles were completely swollen her stomach was very distended all of that", "k7QNz15xf1U-00158-00113345-00113981": "so I had all of that as reference to sort of you know so it's like putting on", "k7QNz15xf1U-00159-00113981-00114647": "you know big heavy sandbags and then trying to walk through life you know and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00160-00114647-00115108": "walk through life so that gave me that help me with the physicality and all of", "k7QNz15xf1U-00161-00115108-00115643": "that I feel like makes sense in terms of what I saw on your performance what I", "k7QNz15xf1U-00162-00115643-00116559": "also saw was an emotional rawness that was breathtaking it was it was it felt", "k7QNz15xf1U-00163-00116559-00117227": "it made me feel so self-conscious almost to be watching somebody that how do you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00164-00117227-00117773": "do that eight times what did you do at a temperature seven I dated eight times a", "k7QNz15xf1U-00165-00117773-00118190": "week in London I only did it seven times a week on Broadway I did at eight times", "k7QNz15xf1U-00166-00118190-00118931": "a week in London and I had a seven and eight month old baby with me so that", "k7QNz15xf1U-00167-00118931-00119630": "that helped the whole facility that was quite real but of course that's", "k7QNz15xf1U-00168-00119630-00119993": "characteristic and the emotional open sometimes characteristic of your work", "k7QNz15xf1U-00169-00119993-00120764": "yeah and it is it is it's a thing yeah I think you know it's interesting", "k7QNz15xf1U-00170-00120764-00121163": "wouldn't be a lot of stuff a lot of times you know reporters will ask me or", "k7QNz15xf1U-00171-00121163-00121466": "someone who's interviewing will ask me you know what what did you learn about", "k7QNz15xf1U-00172-00121466-00121808": "Billie Holiday that you didn't know that surprised you the most and I think what", "k7QNz15xf1U-00173-00121808-00122501": "surprised me the most and this is gonna sound odd and I'm and I'm realizing it", "k7QNz15xf1U-00174-00122501-00122983": "as I'm saying it well it surprised me the most", "k7QNz15xf1U-00175-00122983-00123447": "but maybe unlock the key to everything else making sense", "k7QNz15xf1U-00176-00123447-00123929": "about Billie Holiday was how much she wanted children and how much she wanted", "k7QNz15xf1U-00177-00123929-00124344": "to be a mother more than anything in the world she wanted that she wanted family", "k7QNz15xf1U-00178-00124344-00124725": "she didn't really have it and she wanted it more than anything she tried to adopt", "k7QNz15xf1U-00179-00124725-00125417": "twice and was obviously turned down was devastated by that and so a lot of the", "k7QNz15xf1U-00180-00125417-00125915": "sort of loneliness and sadness that she felt especially because I am a mother I", "k7QNz15xf1U-00181-00125915-00126542": "do have that joy and that blessing in my life I was I was able to tap into what", "k7QNz15xf1U-00182-00126542-00126873": "life you know what that would be like you know this woman wanted that so", "k7QNz15xf1U-00183-00126873-00127248": "desperately and didn't have it you know and for some reason that just kind of", "k7QNz15xf1U-00184-00127248-00128208": "was the key into her the bottom of her sadness for me she shrugs as if you know", "k7QNz15xf1U-00185-00128208-00128684": "what you've described is a level of research into her and her medical", "k7QNz15xf1U-00186-00128684-00129227": "condition into the people who knew her into the spiritual heart of her and into", "k7QNz15xf1U-00187-00129227-00129761": "your grandmother's voice all of which you know and part of what strikes me is", "k7QNz15xf1U-00188-00129761-00130208": "what an enormous amount of work that is that is not happening just in the", "k7QNz15xf1U-00189-00130208-00130601": "rehearsal hall that's happening as you're creating the part yeah yeah I", "k7QNz15xf1U-00190-00130601-00131184": "mean that's that's that's the life of an actor you know I was I did an interview", "k7QNz15xf1U-00191-00131184-00131610": "with one of the MIT students a great girl who has spent a bit of time within", "k7QNz15xf1U-00192-00131610-00132140": "my residency here named Talia she has a little video series called T with", "k7QNz15xf1U-00193-00132140-00132534": "teachers and so we were just recording that and we had some tea and she had a", "k7QNz15xf1U-00194-00132534-00132803": "little Reese's peanut butter cups out there for me too which made me very", "k7QNz15xf1U-00195-00132803-00133027": "happy", "k7QNz15xf1U-00196-00133030-00133625": "but I was telling her that you know you know being an artist especially when", "k7QNz15xf1U-00197-00133625-00134057": "you're being an actor and you have to the research is just as intense as if", "k7QNz15xf1U-00198-00134057-00135044": "you were researching you know about nano molecular our archaeological I've looked", "k7QNz15xf1U-00199-00135044-00135667": "into that food but it's you you have to be that thorough with your research I", "k7QNz15xf1U-00200-00135667-00136216": "mean if you're gonna go out there and be this person you have to you know know", "k7QNz15xf1U-00201-00136216-00136670": "everything that you possibly can about them we are not gonna focus solely on", "k7QNz15xf1U-00202-00136670-00137741": "your drug-addicted carry you you rather famously your best both the addiction", "k7QNz15xf1U-00203-00137741-00138224": "felt realer than any best that I had ever read about her seen before but you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00204-00138224-00138655": "are also struggling out with a real person but with a fictional character", "k7QNz15xf1U-00205-00138655-00139415": "with a very you know problematized history who she was can you talking what", "k7QNz15xf1U-00206-00139415-00140044": "is at one in the same moment a classic and yet a very pragmatic perspective on", "k7QNz15xf1U-00207-00140044-00140387": "african-american life and yeah one if you could talk about what that was like", "k7QNz15xf1U-00208-00140387-00141055": "well you know in portraying Bess I you know the Emporium best was a musical or", "k7QNz15xf1U-00209-00141055-00141395": "opera depending on how you want to refer to it and I know there's a debate about", "k7QNz15xf1U-00210-00141395-00142028": "that all the time about what it is that I had loved deeply and was quite", "k7QNz15xf1U-00211-00142028-00142535": "obsessed with and knew from top to bottom I could sing every single part in", "k7QNz15xf1U-00212-00142535-00142973": "my in my dorm room at Juilliard and a lot of times I would you know and I just", "k7QNz15xf1U-00213-00142973-00143291": "sort of put on the record the record yes it was a record at that", "k7QNz15xf1U-00214-00143291-00144204": "point and sing through the whole thing and so when I was offered the part I", "k7QNz15xf1U-00215-00144204-00144740": "knew I wanted to not only you know research the opera and everything as", "k7QNz15xf1U-00216-00144740-00145147": "much as I possibly could but I wanted to really make sure I understood the", "k7QNz15xf1U-00217-00145147-00145883": "genesis for who this this woman was and so I went back to the book I went back", "k7QNz15xf1U-00218-00145883-00146155": "to the source material which is the book I did", "k7QNz15xf1U-00219-00146155-00146629": "Hayward and I really studied this character and there were certain things", "k7QNz15xf1U-00220-00146629-00147019": "in the book that obviously don't that didn't make it into the libretto we're", "k7QNz15xf1U-00221-00147019-00147505": "interesting to me the fact that she had a huge scar on her face and that's one", "k7QNz15xf1U-00222-00147505-00147901": "of the first ways that DuBose Haywood Heywood describes her she's this you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00223-00147901-00148467": "know statuesque woman you know buxom woman a little bit past her prime", "k7QNz15xf1U-00224-00148467-00149020": "humongous scar on her face which told a story I mean I think he even refers to", "k7QNz15xf1U-00225-00149020-00149176": "it in that way that there was a story there", "k7QNz15xf1U-00226-00149176-00149779": "you know and so I was trying to just get right down to the bones and then you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00227-00149779-00150022": "know I did the research about you know what it was like to be an", "k7QNz15xf1U-00228-00150022-00150493": "african-american woman at that time and what your choices were your choices they", "k7QNz15xf1U-00229-00150493-00150943": "were very limited you know your choices where you you had to be you know have", "k7QNz15xf1U-00230-00150943-00151516": "some sort of an income so either you were working or you had a husband that", "k7QNz15xf1U-00231-00151516-00152182": "was supporting you I mean mom am i right in those days I mean not you not that", "k7QNz15xf1U-00232-00152182-00152653": "you were there in those days I'm just saying no you're too young for that but", "k7QNz15xf1U-00233-00152653-00153079": "you know for african-american women during this time you know there were", "k7QNz15xf1U-00234-00153079-00153424": "just weren't many options so if you didn't have either one of those things a", "k7QNz15xf1U-00235-00153424-00153916": "lot of them had to turn toward you know either prostitution or men that would", "k7QNz15xf1U-00236-00153916-00154467": "support them in whatever way or whatever contract that they could come up with", "k7QNz15xf1U-00237-00154467-00155005": "and I you know once again I studied the life I went I went to catfish row in", "k7QNz15xf1U-00238-00155005-00155851": "South Carolina I I went to the cabin where Gershwin wrote most of Porgy and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00239-00155851-00156354": "Bess and then obviously there was the political ramifications you know", "k7QNz15xf1U-00240-00156354-00156972": "of you know I'm we were doing it here in Cambridge and the New York Times did the", "k7QNz15xf1U-00241-00156972-00157557": "story and then mr. Sondheim wrote a letter and you know about you know not", "k7QNz15xf1U-00242-00157557-00157956": "his son well I mean it just in terms of I mean and it's because everybody's very", "k7QNz15xf1U-00243-00157956-00158577": "passionate about porgy and bess but there and I think Gershwin absolutely", "k7QNz15xf1U-00244-00158577-00159126": "approached this with love and and with as much as he could give to it as much", "k7QNz15xf1U-00245-00159126-00159471": "as he could possibly understand but he was still writing about a culture that", "k7QNz15xf1U-00246-00159471-00159840": "he may have studied as much as he possibly could but he there was a part", "k7QNz15xf1U-00247-00159840-00160323": "of it that wasn't his that he was not ever going to get into and so for us it", "k7QNz15xf1U-00248-00160323-00161154": "was very important to make sure that we infused it in a way that had I don't", "k7QNz15xf1U-00249-00161154-00161973": "want to choose the wrong word but the understanding and the nobility and pride", "k7QNz15xf1U-00250-00161973-00162414": "of that people that perhaps there was no possible way that Gershwin could have", "k7QNz15xf1U-00251-00162414-00162756": "put into those characters because he that's not a culture he came forward", "k7QNz15xf1U-00252-00162756-00163289": "even though I think he wrote them with love so can you talk in just famously", "k7QNz15xf1U-00253-00163289-00164064": "here in Cambridge best rejects the drugs at the end yes and then by the time you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00254-00164064-00164313": "came to New York you'd changed that decision yes", "k7QNz15xf1U-00255-00164313-00164781": "and I mean can you just talk a little bit about that sorry if I'm no no I mean", "k7QNz15xf1U-00256-00164781-00165339": "you know I think with with Diane Paulus who was an brilliant director and in", "k7QNz15xf1U-00257-00165339-00166077": "charge of AR T Diane was trying to we were you know we had been given this", "k7QNz15xf1U-00258-00166077-00166533": "sort of charge from the the estate to you know alright to dust it off see what", "k7QNz15xf1U-00259-00166533-00166926": "you can find there and so I think we were throwing everything at the wall and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00260-00166926-00167589": "seeing what worked and so Diane wanted to try it this way and directors who", "k7QNz15xf1U-00261-00167589-00168273": "have worked with me have I think lovingly and and and honestly said that", "k7QNz15xf1U-00262-00168273-00168958": "I'm I'm not maybe I am okay I guess I'm difficult to work", "k7QNz15xf1U-00263-00168958-00169870": "I would i will try something I will intense endeavor demanding I will", "k7QNz15xf1U-00264-00169870-00170434": "try anything once and I will try and if it doesn't if you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00265-00170434-00171160": "cannot convince me of an organic and truthful why it's never gonna work on me", "k7QNz15xf1U-00266-00171160-00171751": "I I won't be able to execute it I won't be able to do it and as many times as I", "k7QNz15xf1U-00267-00171751-00172342": "tried to do it rejecting the drugs in the end it it", "k7QNz15xf1U-00268-00172342-00172822": "wouldn't work she watched the show and come back and go I okay can you try you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00269-00172822-00173299": "know and I and it wasn't that I wouldn't do it it's just that I couldn't find the", "k7QNz15xf1U-00270-00173299-00173785": "Y anywhere within my bones and I guess that makes me a bit difficult to work", "k7QNz15xf1U-00271-00173785-00174535": "with no but and so in the end Diane and I decided okay let's try it this way and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00272-00174535-00175011": "then we tried it that way it's like okay there she is there you are and now", "k7QNz15xf1U-00273-00175011-00175483": "Audrey you're you're giving me it's it's it's making sense and it's ringing true", "k7QNz15xf1U-00274-00175483-00176137": "organically for you in your performance and it was it also I mean frankly in New", "k7QNz15xf1U-00275-00176137-00176728": "York it was heartbreaking it was devastating and that very question that", "k7QNz15xf1U-00276-00176728-00177157": "you have in know bullying the character weirdly enough she was more in noble", "k7QNz15xf1U-00277-00177157-00177724": "falling than she was resisting because you could feel the size of the spirit", "k7QNz15xf1U-00278-00177724-00178174": "was going under it was just extraordinary it's interesting to to", "k7QNz15xf1U-00279-00178174-00178662": "have played those characters back to back to play best and then to afraid", "k7QNz15xf1U-00280-00178662-00179608": "Billie Holiday James Baldwin wrote about Billie Holiday's death or right around", "k7QNz15xf1U-00281-00179608-00179995": "the time of her death you know his seeing her in that careful yes and then", "k7QNz15xf1U-00282-00179995-00180385": "you were about seeing her in the hospital and he said that she if if", "k7QNz15xf1U-00283-00180385-00180934": "people would she would die if people would only leave her alone you know but", "k7QNz15xf1U-00284-00180934-00181486": "he also said I am told this is awful but he said I am told that Dorothy Dandridge", "k7QNz15xf1U-00285-00181486-00182007": "is an actress I have yet to see that be the case this is what James Baldwin said", "k7QNz15xf1U-00286-00182007-00182373": "because he and a lot of people felt that Billie", "k7QNz15xf1U-00287-00182373-00182676": "Holiday should have played that part that it should have been given to Billie", "k7QNz15xf1U-00288-00182676-00183078": "Holiday that she knew who best was she understood that she understood", "k7QNz15xf1U-00289-00183078-00183483": "everything about what best was that's really special and that best should have", "k7QNz15xf1U-00290-00183483-00183801": "played that role and James Bobin was a friend at best and therefore that's why", "k7QNz15xf1U-00291-00183801-00184290": "he was a bit skating and saying that about Dorothy Dandridge I mean the image", "k7QNz15xf1U-00292-00184290-00184965": "of her playing yeah um but speaking well he had a lighter role in the show but", "k7QNz15xf1U-00293-00184965-00185457": "carousel which is coming back to us yeah and which was the the first time that I", "k7QNz15xf1U-00294-00185457-00185952": "and most of the world actually fully realized how great you were is in that", "k7QNz15xf1U-00295-00185952-00186345": "production which was you were just amazing it but carousels also", "k7QNz15xf1U-00296-00186345-00186915": "problematic I mean it's we got a little celebration of you know wife-beating and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00297-00186915-00187605": "you know sometimes it doesn't feel like yeah um so what does it feel like to tie", "k7QNz15xf1U-00298-00187605-00187998": "and he was coming back - oh really now - you know it's interesting when we were", "k7QNz15xf1U-00299-00187998-00188532": "doing carousel back in 1994 one of the nights that we were during the show was", "k7QNz15xf1U-00300-00188532-00189291": "the night of the infamous slow speed white Broncos chase down the 405 with", "k7QNz15xf1U-00301-00189291-00190053": "hojae simpson on the run and it was so interesting we were all just you know", "k7QNz15xf1U-00302-00190053-00190365": "our hackles were all up as we were getting ready to start the show that", "k7QNz15xf1U-00303-00190365-00190635": "night because everybody was watching what was happening is like places we got", "k7QNz15xf1U-00304-00190635-00191214": "to go and then to step into this world you know or you've got this wife this", "k7QNz15xf1U-00305-00191214-00192138": "this you know domestic abuse situation and it's interesting I think what I was", "k7QNz15xf1U-00306-00192138-00192447": "saying - Oscar an hour talking about this a little bit backstage with that", "k7QNz15xf1U-00307-00192447-00193002": "show it doesn't just because a character says something doesn't necessarily mean", "k7QNz15xf1U-00308-00193002-00193461": "that it's true right you know and so I think for some people that are saying", "k7QNz15xf1U-00309-00193461-00193827": "why are they doing carousel again it's about a wife-beater and then you know", "k7QNz15xf1U-00310-00193827-00194205": "then she seems to think it's fine and she says it's fine how could you how", "k7QNz15xf1U-00311-00194205-00194529": "could you know why are we doing that in the age of me - and how could you you do", "k7QNz15xf1U-00312-00194529-00195060": "that this is you know how certain people in this particular situation are dealing", "k7QNz15xf1U-00313-00195060-00195451": "with it just because Julie says yes it's it's possible for somebody to hit you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00314-00195451-00195855": "you're really hard and it not hurt at all Julie can say that and not", "k7QNz15xf1U-00315-00195855-00196288": "necessarily mean it but realize she has to say something to this child who's had", "k7QNz15xf1U-00316-00196288-00196804": "this emotional experience and when we did carousel to watch Sally Murphy the", "k7QNz15xf1U-00317-00196804-00197272": "girl who played that part when she said those words or even when she's saying", "k7QNz15xf1U-00318-00197272-00197800": "what's the use of wandering it wasn't just yeah he beats me you like it's", "k7QNz15xf1U-00319-00197800-00198202": "really and it's really great and I love him here is a high girl she she didn't", "k7QNz15xf1U-00320-00198202-00198964": "sing it like that at all she sang it from a place of anger at herself she", "k7QNz15xf1U-00321-00198964-00199324": "sang it from a place of just being resigned that that's this is the life", "k7QNz15xf1U-00322-00199324-00199783": "that I have chosen and she sang it from a place of and in the end throughout all", "k7QNz15xf1U-00323-00199783-00200296": "of it I still love this man and I can't figure out why but I do", "k7QNz15xf1U-00324-00200296-00201028": "and that's real and that's real today for women and certain people in 2018 and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00325-00201028-00201397": "so that's why I think carousel can still have all the relevance that it needs to", "k7QNz15xf1U-00326-00201397-00201829": "have and you need to shy away from it I mean you can shine a light on it all but", "k7QNz15xf1U-00327-00201829-00202195": "you can that once again will show us like theater is brilliant at doing is", "k7QNz15xf1U-00328-00202195-00202795": "how you know one you know one person's experience of what you describe what's", "k7QNz15xf1U-00329-00202795-00203425": "so interesting is that it's not shying away from a try I'm trying to polish up", "k7QNz15xf1U-00330-00203425-00203872": "how ugly the motion is but it is creating perspective honestly it is", "k7QNz15xf1U-00331-00203872-00204385": "saying we don't have to simply buy this as God's point of view no we see it in", "k7QNz15xf1U-00332-00204385-00204810": "context yes and then you can then sort of almost you can really weep for that", "k7QNz15xf1U-00333-00204810-00205285": "person right all right God right one did you could save yourself for that someone", "k7QNz15xf1U-00334-00205285-00205611": "could save you from that you know its engine that's exactly what you're saying", "k7QNz15xf1U-00335-00205611-00206187": "in my best in porgy and bess to which is that the way that you alter it is not by", "k7QNz15xf1U-00336-00206187-00206661": "making a happy ending no is not by changing how dark it is by letting us", "k7QNz15xf1U-00337-00206661-00207052": "understand how dark it is exactly letting us understand from you say", "k7QNz15xf1U-00338-00207052-00207406": "that's with how the Greeks got it right with in terms of why we have theater in", "k7QNz15xf1U-00339-00207406-00207826": "the first place is because we needed to see people up there you know you know", "k7QNz15xf1U-00340-00207826-00208212": "what killing their fathers having sex with their mothers whatever you know", "k7QNz15xf1U-00341-00208212-00208665": "going through all these huge you know emotional things because it was it gave", "k7QNz15xf1U-00342-00208665-00208969": "us more understand of ourselves and you know gave us the", "k7QNz15xf1U-00343-00208969-00209815": "catharsis that we needed you know she's setting me up now in a good way and I go", "k7QNz15xf1U-00344-00209815-00210316": "she being that no just saying that Aristotle in the poetics he has this", "k7QNz15xf1U-00345-00210316-00210664": "famous statement that tragedy shows people is better than they are and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00346-00210664-00211044": "comedy shows people is worse than they are and the way I have always", "k7QNz15xf1U-00347-00211044-00211398": "interpreted that is not as say the neoclassical French did that that meant", "k7QNz15xf1U-00348-00211398-00211846": "that tragedy had to be about nobility it meant that tragedy was about people who", "k7QNz15xf1U-00349-00211846-00212377": "were more willing to follow through on their desires and face the consequences", "k7QNz15xf1U-00350-00212377-00212863": "of their desires than we are and comedy is about people who are more desperate", "k7QNz15xf1U-00351-00212863-00213403": "to avoid the consequences than we are and I think you know this is exactly", "k7QNz15xf1U-00352-00213403-00214267": "what you're describing and for bass and for Julie and carousel so Audra I", "k7QNz15xf1U-00353-00214267-00214548": "promised that we wouldn't at least try to figure out a little bit of how you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00354-00214548-00214992": "can do this how did you start doing this where did you I mean your mother's here", "k7QNz15xf1U-00355-00214992-00215469": "we could ask her but where did you where did you come from", "k7QNz15xf1U-00356-00216539-00217121": "and actually on behalf of the American theater actually let me take this moment", "k7QNz15xf1U-00357-00217121-00217592": "to formally thank you for one of the greatest gifts the American theatres", "k7QNz15xf1U-00358-00217592-00218119": "ever had we know or there wouldn't exist without you so thank you um but so how", "k7QNz15xf1U-00359-00218119-00218396": "did you start what did how did they know you were an", "k7QNz15xf1U-00360-00218396-00221375": "actress Wow from age two on hard rose and actress think animated emotional", "k7QNz15xf1U-00361-00221375-00221759": "about little things I'm sure they didn't seem little to audre yes deathly afraid", "k7QNz15xf1U-00362-00221759-00222342": "of thunder very I was very afraid of thunder so how did you find the theatre", "k7QNz15xf1U-00363-00222427-00222757": "which Philip", "k7QNz15xf1U-00364-00224348-00225243": "to celebrate our wedding anniversary at a local dinner theater and before the", "k7QNz15xf1U-00365-00225243-00226008": "actual presentation there was a group of young people who did a cabaret show and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00366-00226008-00226605": "they called them the junior company and after they performed and we had been", "k7QNz15xf1U-00367-00226605-00227910": "dealing with one of Audra's performances at home at the time my husband was", "k7QNz15xf1U-00368-00227910-00228447": "taking some child psychology classes it really was and he asked his professor he", "k7QNz15xf1U-00369-00228447-00228851": "said I've got this kid at home just I mean it's like she's a parade every day", "k7QNz15xf1U-00370-00228851-00229209": "and he said you need to channel that energy", "k7QNz15xf1U-00371-00229209-00229593": "well someone of it we were told you know might want to put her on Ritalin you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00372-00229593-00230009": "know get her into something like that because they called her hyperactive and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00373-00230009-00230418": "when we were sitting and saw all of these kids performing we looked at each", "k7QNz15xf1U-00374-00230418-00231075": "other and said oh let's get her up there and that's what we decided to do we let", "k7QNz15xf1U-00375-00231075-00231477": "her audition and she became a part of the junior company and had an outlet for", "k7QNz15xf1U-00376-00231477-00231767": "all of that energy", "k7QNz15xf1U-00377-00232315-00232904": "and did you know right away that this was what you were gonna keep doing right", "k7QNz15xf1U-00378-00232904-00233585": "away so how old Wow yeah yeah and what did it", "k7QNz15xf1U-00379-00233585-00234092": "feel like I don't calm which is crazy no no but I", "k7QNz15xf1U-00380-00234092-00234731": "felt I you know I it's exactly what my mom described I had I had an outlet you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00381-00234731-00235186": "know I mean if I was gonna freak out about the Thunder I could freak out", "k7QNz15xf1U-00382-00235186-00235691": "about the Thunder while singing on stage I get paid $10 a week to do it which was", "k7QNz15xf1U-00383-00235691-00236306": "my was my salary at the time I was thrilled with the $10 a week but yeah", "k7QNz15xf1U-00384-00236306-00236767": "and so for me I had an outlet so I I didn't", "k7QNz15xf1U-00385-00236767-00237476": "I felt I felt normal yeah I felt normal I didn't feel crazy or I didn't for me", "k7QNz15xf1U-00386-00237476-00238181": "for my memory is that I didn't feel like I was a problem anymore and that maybe", "k7QNz15xf1U-00387-00238181-00238778": "and I'm sure there were more problems to come but in the sense that I had a place", "k7QNz15xf1U-00388-00238778-00239576": "to go and be myself you know and it just it was like it just fit I just look it's", "k7QNz15xf1U-00389-00239576-00239852": "like that piece in a puzzle there's an opening in the middle of a puzzle and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00390-00239852-00240217": "they just plugged me it's like okay that's where okay that's why I have this", "k7QNz15xf1U-00391-00240217-00240677": "piece that looks like this and this piece is my heart that beats really big", "k7QNz15xf1U-00392-00240677-00241214": "like that cuz it fits in here you know so that's yeah that's so you know what's", "k7QNz15xf1U-00393-00241214-00241640": "funny about that is that you're the greatest performer of a generation and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00394-00241640-00242102": "I'm just a guy who runs a theater and that's exactly how I felt about the", "k7QNz15xf1U-00395-00242102-00242536": "theater when I'm at theirs I felt normal the first time I didn't feel like I was", "k7QNz15xf1U-00396-00242536-00243073": "too loud for the first time I didn't feel like I cried too easily yeah well I", "k7QNz15xf1U-00397-00243073-00243476": "didn't feel like I laughed too much all of this stuff that I was and I was in", "k7QNz15xf1U-00398-00243476-00243805": "Minnesota and boy", "k7QNz15xf1U-00399-00243859-00244546": "we intercept Fresno as you know yeah and the the crying too much thing for not", "k7QNz15xf1U-00400-00244546-00245353": "good but it's exact that you feel you found your tribe found your tribe and it", "k7QNz15xf1U-00401-00245353-00245680": "lets you know it's the beautiful thing about the theater is that I've never", "k7QNz15xf1U-00402-00245680-00246133": "found anything that I care about that I can't bring into the theater and he's", "k7QNz15xf1U-00403-00246133-00246532": "subject I'm interested in any feeling of heaven yeah there's a place - there's a", "k7QNz15xf1U-00404-00246532-00247087": "space for an emotion yeah absolutely and so when as you started growing up and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00405-00247087-00247639": "went off to that very non competitive place Juilliard that very sort of", "k7QNz15xf1U-00406-00247639-00248584": "accepting it almost hippies school how'd that work out what did it feel cuz once", "k7QNz15xf1U-00407-00248584-00249142": "your there that's like serious professional yes I mean Juilliard was it", "k7QNz15xf1U-00408-00249142-00249658": "seems like it should have been just like right along the the trajectory but for", "k7QNz15xf1U-00409-00249658-00250141": "me you know I I auditioned for a couple of different schools and god I think I", "k7QNz15xf1U-00410-00250141-00250609": "got into UCLA and UC Irvine and NYU and my mom took me to New York to audition", "k7QNz15xf1U-00411-00250609-00251239": "for Juilliard and I I just blew the audition because I didn't I didn't", "k7QNz15xf1U-00412-00251239-00251629": "really know about opera and I didn't think that that's where I would end up", "k7QNz15xf1U-00413-00251629-00251962": "but I just thought let me audition for the vocal Department because I think my", "k7QNz15xf1U-00414-00251962-00252466": "singing is my strong point but I was thinking that I'd end up in you know a", "k7QNz15xf1U-00415-00252466-00252880": "musical theater department there's no musical theater department at Julliard", "k7QNz15xf1U-00416-00252880-00253363": "but I didn't figure that part out so I went ahead and I auditioned and I you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00417-00253363-00253825": "know I rift at the end of baby any known thought of dog which is you know", "k7QNz15xf1U-00418-00253825-00254200": "Mozart's you know aria from you know they don't say they figure oh you don't", "k7QNz15xf1U-00419-00254200-00254790": "riff mozart but i did i I said I was a", "k7QNz15xf1U-00420-00254790-00255198": "mezzo-soprano even though I was singing a soprano REI so yeah I'm a med so that", "k7QNz15xf1U-00421-00255198-00255687": "I say they're like no you're not we need to meet I just was terrible and they", "k7QNz15xf1U-00422-00255687-00256196": "accepted me so it was like well Juilliard accepted me I better say yes", "k7QNz15xf1U-00423-00256196-00256548": "especially before they figure out that they made a mistake so I just I just", "k7QNz15xf1U-00424-00256548-00257127": "went and I just thought while I'm in New York I'm close to Broadway I'm living my", "k7QNz15xf1U-00425-00257127-00257694": "address was on Broadway here we go this is gonna happen and what I thought was", "k7QNz15xf1U-00426-00257694-00258539": "you know this trajectory felt like I because I was in the vocal performance", "k7QNz15xf1U-00427-00258539-00259116": "which which meant you study your languages you study your Italian your", "k7QNz15xf1U-00428-00259116-00259635": "French your German your Spanish your English diction you take literature", "k7QNz15xf1U-00429-00259635-00260067": "material classes you take your training classes you take all the classical", "k7QNz15xf1U-00430-00260067-00260696": "classes you need to be a classical musician you have your voice lessons and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00431-00260696-00261221": "that's it Wow and so all of a sudden I felt like I had I made the wrong turn", "k7QNz15xf1U-00432-00261221-00261773": "somewhere and I am never gonna get to Broadway a and B I hate what I sound", "k7QNz15xf1U-00433-00261773-00262293": "like I don't want to be an opera singer I don't like singing like this that's", "k7QNz15xf1U-00434-00262293-00262776": "not what I want to do yeah what's happening it was it was a very confusing", "k7QNz15xf1U-00435-00262776-00263310": "time for me Wow but I ended up finding out that I did", "k7QNz15xf1U-00436-00263310-00264105": "have an operatic sound and Julliard helped me discover a whole section of my", "k7QNz15xf1U-00437-00264105-00264528": "voice that I didn't know existed and so once I was able to figure all that out", "k7QNz15xf1U-00438-00264528-00265029": "and then come back around the bend I mean and maybe my path was this way", "k7QNz15xf1U-00439-00265029-00265389": "and I just thought it was this way I don't know yeah or it's just life what's", "k7QNz15xf1U-00440-00265389-00265722": "happening to you I was letting you figure things out yeah and I was in the", "k7QNz15xf1U-00441-00265722-00266121": "exact right place but I passed the whole time I was there I you could have never", "k7QNz15xf1U-00442-00266121-00266595": "convinced me that I was yeah I mean partly is that your mistake started at", "k7QNz15xf1U-00443-00266595-00267030": "the audition of thinking that your voice was your strong suit I want to point out", "k7QNz15xf1U-00444-00267030-00267540": "that Audra is the only actor in American history who has won every", "k7QNz15xf1U-00445-00267540-00268152": "possible Tony Award for Best Supporting Actress Best Best Lead Actress Best", "k7QNz15xf1U-00446-00268152-00268563": "Actress in a Musical and Best Supporting Actress in a Musical I don't think your", "k7QNz15xf1U-00447-00268563-00269459": "voice is your only strong just the jury's in on that but so so but but it", "k7QNz15xf1U-00448-00269459-00269895": "was right in the middle of there yet you went to carousel right or right after", "k7QNz15xf1U-00449-00269895-00270891": "you I had I had I had a breakdown well I was a Julliard I had you know I had a", "k7QNz15xf1U-00450-00270891-00271428": "bit of a mental break I had a suicide attempt I ended up in a", "k7QNz15xf1U-00451-00271428-00272139": "mental hospital for a month and I took a semester and a little more off from", "k7QNz15xf1U-00452-00272139-00272742": "school and then I went back just all supported by the school they were very", "k7QNz15xf1U-00453-00272742-00273276": "supportive and it's nothing that I hide I talk about it quite openly especially", "k7QNz15xf1U-00454-00273276-00273732": "because I know a lot of young people listen to me and and and follow me and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00455-00273732-00274350": "follow my career and I want them to know that there's a way through and so I went", "k7QNz15xf1U-00456-00274350-00275297": "back and while I was there I got the opportunity to audition for carousel and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00457-00275311-00275679": "no no no I got the opportunity to audition for The Secret Garden which was", "k7QNz15xf1U-00458-00275679-00276330": "going on tour and I auditioned and they accepted me and I had to ask permission", "k7QNz15xf1U-00459-00276330-00276774": "to leave school to do it and they said yeah go do that we think that's probably", "k7QNz15xf1U-00460-00276774-00277221": "where you're going to end up anyway so we're fine with it so they let me go and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00461-00277221-00277599": "they said you can defer and just graduate when you're done with that so I", "k7QNz15xf1U-00462-00277599-00278067": "came back graduated went back out on the road with that and then auditioned for", "k7QNz15xf1U-00463-00278067-00278703": "carousel and got carousel so a year after I graduated I open like almost two", "k7QNz15xf1U-00464-00278703-00279138": "months a year in two months after I graduated I opened in carousel across", "k7QNz15xf1U-00465-00279138-00279492": "the street at the Vivian Beaumont and I could literally from the Vivian Beaumont", "k7QNz15xf1U-00466-00279492-00279908": "look up and see my school and like some of my classmates that have gone on to", "k7QNz15xf1U-00467-00279908-00280239": "get their master's degrees we're much smarter than I was so what not", "k7QNz15xf1U-00468-00280239-00281093": "but just so it was it was that's pretty magical it was ready and it did feel I", "k7QNz15xf1U-00469-00281093-00281700": "mean there in the Belmont during Cara so did it feel like you we're now on the", "k7QNz15xf1U-00470-00281700-00282300": "path you needed to be on to feel right did it feel yes as much as one can be", "k7QNz15xf1U-00471-00282300-00282708": "present at 23 yes no no do you know in that sense that you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00472-00282708-00283119": "know life is still happening here and you know I was ill as fast 'ok 23 year", "k7QNz15xf1U-00473-00283119-00283839": "old but yes in that sense I felt like yes I'm I'm doing I'm on Broadway but", "k7QNz15xf1U-00474-00283839-00284499": "I'm singing Rodgers and Hammerstein in a pretty decent with a pretty decent", "k7QNz15xf1U-00475-00284499-00285063": "technique in a classical way that I wouldn't have known how to do had I not", "k7QNz15xf1U-00476-00285063-00285818": "gone to Julliard you know um I just wanna thank you for talking about", "k7QNz15xf1U-00477-00285818-00286242": "psychological difficulties um that's a big deal alright it's a something", "k7QNz15xf1U-00478-00286242-00286694": "that'll off a lot of people don't talk about", "k7QNz15xf1U-00479-00287137-00287713": "and you know again it's just it's hardly also the way you talk about it it's just", "k7QNz15xf1U-00480-00287713-00288178": "so clear that the difficulties he had you have integrated and recovered from", "k7QNz15xf1U-00481-00288178-00288568": "and built an absolutely not only extraordinary career an extraordinary", "k7QNz15xf1U-00482-00288568-00289138": "life because I do know her a little bit and I will set it Andre is proof of one", "k7QNz15xf1U-00483-00289138-00289602": "of those things that the really greatest artists are the best people I know", "k7QNz15xf1U-00484-00289602-00290275": "there's some just below that level who can be real jerks but but seriously the", "k7QNz15xf1U-00485-00290275-00290812": "really the the greatest artists I know are just there they are that grade", "k7QNz15xf1U-00486-00290812-00291055": "partly because of the size of their heart and the integration of their", "k7QNz15xf1U-00487-00291055-00291469": "spirit and so thank you for that you know maybe we could take just a minute", "k7QNz15xf1U-00488-00291469-00291892": "to talk about I know you're really involved in Covenant House I know you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00489-00291892-00292444": "and you've you become more of an activist and I think that's due to well", "k7QNz15xf1U-00490-00292444-00292849": "a couple of things I I'm very aware of how lucky I am and how and the", "k7QNz15xf1U-00491-00292849-00293451": "opportunities that I've been given and a great amount of luck and and and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00492-00293451-00294469": "blessings I've had in my life and you know I have always been vocal that's a", "k7QNz15xf1U-00493-00294469-00294943": "good word to use about everything thunderstorm yeah under storms but not", "k7QNz15xf1U-00494-00294943-00295768": "but I think activism really started you know in earnest when I mean my I was", "k7QNz15xf1U-00495-00295768-00296239": "certainly raised you know in a very democratic household and my and and I", "k7QNz15xf1U-00496-00296239-00296764": "know my mom's brother uncle Lloyd did the the sit-ins and stuff right that", "k7QNz15xf1U-00497-00296764-00297229": "during the sixties yeah cuz they went there from the Washington DC and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00498-00297229-00297658": "Virginia area and so that was sort of in my blood and on my dad's side of the", "k7QNz15xf1U-00499-00297658-00298354": "family as well my great-uncle was an activist he actually worked with Bobby", "k7QNz15xf1U-00500-00298354-00298840": "Kennedy for a second met Bobby Kennedy I think was to meet with him the day after", "k7QNz15xf1U-00501-00298840-00299299": "he was assassinated on the Jesse at any rate all that to say that it's in my", "k7QNz15xf1U-00502-00299299-00300029": "blood and then I am met my my wonderful husband will who's also here", "k7QNz15xf1U-00503-00300029-00300953": "and he's an actor and so we blended our families and we're you know raising our", "k7QNz15xf1U-00504-00300953-00301709": "kids together and we'll was working with you on hair will was starring in hair", "k7QNz15xf1U-00505-00301709-00302171": "and the Oscar was producing that for the public and then on Broadway right in the", "k7QNz15xf1U-00506-00302171-00302960": "midst of the marriage equality movement and Oscar and will and all the rest of", "k7QNz15xf1U-00507-00302960-00303476": "wills cast got very involved with that and I it was it was certainly something", "k7QNz15xf1U-00508-00303476-00303755": "that I was very passionate about being someone who absolutely believes in", "k7QNz15xf1U-00509-00303755-00304379": "marriage equality and LGBTQ rights and we got very much not caught up but just", "k7QNz15xf1U-00510-00304379-00305003": "very involved with that movement and did the March and then rallies in in in New", "k7QNz15xf1U-00511-00305003-00305603": "York City and I went up to Albany to you know Lobby members of our Congress up", "k7QNz15xf1U-00512-00305603-00306395": "there and and then I was looking for a place to donate money on opening night", "k7QNz15xf1U-00513-00306395-00307148": "of Lady Day instead of giving opening my gifts to my cast I thought I cuz the", "k7QNz15xf1U-00514-00307148-00307786": "cast is consisted of me the band and the dog Chihuahua what do I get the", "k7QNz15xf1U-00515-00307786-00308279": "Chihuahua for opening night so we decided to do I decided I would do a", "k7QNz15xf1U-00516-00308279-00308785": "donation somewhere and I thought about the Covenant house which a lot of", "k7QNz15xf1U-00517-00308785-00309116": "Broadway folks had done some work for the Covenant house is a shelter for", "k7QNz15xf1U-00518-00309116-00309815": "homeless youth and there was homes in Canada and in the United States and in", "k7QNz15xf1U-00519-00309815-00310352": "Latin America as well and so I went down to do a donation in between shows", "k7QNz15xf1U-00520-00310352-00310844": "because Billie Holiday was homeless for a lot of her childhood didn't and you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00521-00310844-00311245": "know had a rough childhood so I thought this seems appropriate so I went in and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00522-00311245-00311903": "I had a check and it was in between shows on a Saturday and there was two", "k7QNz15xf1U-00523-00311903-00312329": "sort of security cards there and they said we don't have anybody here today is", "k7QNz15xf1U-00524-00312329-00312674": "the weekend who can take a check we we're not allowed to do that we don't", "k7QNz15xf1U-00525-00312674-00313034": "know we'll call around and see if so just have a seat so while I was waiting", "k7QNz15xf1U-00526-00313034-00313490": "I saw a young man come and off the street with a trash bag and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00527-00313490-00314235": "he I look about 15 maybe 16 and he looked so world weary and exhausted and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00528-00314235-00314883": "frightened and defensive and these two security guards had also been kind of", "k7QNz15xf1U-00529-00314883-00315237": "flirting with me and maybe saying you know you could write that check to me", "k7QNz15xf1U-00530-00315237-00315876": "and all this stuff and so I was you know whatever and then they saw this kid come", "k7QNz15xf1U-00531-00315876-00316575": "in and they just left into action like they were Batman and Robin and just took", "k7QNz15xf1U-00532-00316575-00316827": "this kid said hey you're all right come on in man we got you we got you okay", "k7QNz15xf1U-00533-00316827-00317112": "you're okay what you need can you sit down you want something to drink you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00534-00317112-00317331": "want something to eat we're gonna take care of you we got you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00535-00317331-00318123": "and my heart blew wide open and so I got very involved with the Covenant house", "k7QNz15xf1U-00536-00318123-00318711": "and now I'm being an International Board of Directors through the Covenant House", "k7QNz15xf1U-00537-00318711-00319371": "and in fact my my plan is to share part of the award the McDermott award with", "k7QNz15xf1U-00538-00319371-00319736": "the government house to help some of those guys", "k7QNz15xf1U-00539-00320240-00320852": "it's because thank you it's because you know if this Michelle Obama said you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00540-00320852-00321155": "know once you walk through that door of opportunity you don't slam that door", "k7QNz15xf1U-00541-00321155-00321611": "behind you you reach back through and help the next person Rach backward help", "k7QNz15xf1U-00542-00321611-00322142": "the next person through and it's a it's just important and I know it's a way", "k7QNz15xf1U-00543-00322142-00322472": "that will and I have been trying to raise our kids and now we have our own", "k7QNz15xf1U-00544-00322472-00323057": "little 17 month-old little monster that we have now and if we can just keep her", "k7QNz15xf1U-00545-00323057-00323738": "out of jail she's a wild thing I don't know but we're teaching them that they", "k7QNz15xf1U-00546-00323738-00324155": "have to be good citizens of the world and they have to get back and so as we", "k7QNz15xf1U-00547-00324155-00324701": "learn it we're trying to teach it um and I just have to take them over to say", "k7QNz15xf1U-00548-00324701-00325328": "that also it is such a joy to watch you and well together well as a man and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00549-00325328-00325739": "artists I admire so so much I've been so lucky to be able to work with them and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00550-00325739-00326324": "to watch that you two guys are able to make a life as actors and as a marriage", "k7QNz15xf1U-00551-00326324-00327097": "together has been just a beautiful thing so that's just but there's before we", "k7QNz15xf1U-00552-00327097-00327755": "take a few questions I just have to let you know that I have promised Audra that", "k7QNz15xf1U-00553-00327755-00328481": "I'm not going to use this opportunity to get her to sign up for shows for me if", "k7QNz15xf1U-00554-00328481-00329114": "you would like to use this opportunity didn't say no to that but aside for all", "k7QNz15xf1U-00555-00329114-00329594": "everything we're going to do together order what are you what do you want to", "k7QNz15xf1U-00556-00329594-00330080": "do when you look ahead what one of the one of the things you'd still like to", "k7QNz15xf1U-00557-00330080-00330941": "try to be scared by everything seriously I mean I I I say it all the time but", "k7QNz15xf1U-00558-00330941-00331559": "it's sure I just want it evolved as an artist as a person you know as a you got", "k7QNz15xf1U-00559-00331559-00331865": "to make good use of the time we're given you know", "k7QNz15xf1U-00560-00331865-00332509": "and I I don't want to rest on my laurels I don't want to be content with as I'm", "k7QNz15xf1U-00561-00332509-00332878": "grateful for the success that I've had but I don't want to go okay that's it", "k7QNz15xf1U-00562-00332878-00333317": "I'm done I want to evolve I want to be a better artist I want to be a better wife", "k7QNz15xf1U-00563-00333317-00333883": "I want to be a better mother because if you're not evolving you know I want to", "k7QNz15xf1U-00564-00333883-00334510": "be a better citizen of the world I want to I I mean maybe I have to maybe I'm", "k7QNz15xf1U-00565-00334510-00334918": "gonna run for office I don't know I mean", "k7QNz15xf1U-00566-00334918-00335423": "I just want to do but I want to do better I know that's grammatically not", "k7QNz15xf1U-00567-00335423-00335911": "correct sorry in my team I just wanted you know I want to evolve um okay if you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00568-00335911-00336247": "do that you have a dispensation you don't have to do nice shows for me I", "k7QNz15xf1U-00569-00336247-00336743": "will but other than that you do it's um you know I think anyway I'm not gonna", "k7QNz15xf1U-00570-00336743-00337078": "sum up because well instead we're gonna do is we give the audience a chance to", "k7QNz15xf1U-00571-00337078-00337711": "ask a few questions I think we have microphones and thanks so much so we'll", "k7QNz15xf1U-00572-00337711-00337972": "open it up", "k7QNz15xf1U-00573-00338759-00339339": "you know Audra there is one alternative if in the evolution you might want to", "k7QNz15xf1U-00574-00339339-00340422": "come join our MIT faculty okay we can talk to our president we'd be honored ah", "k7QNz15xf1U-00575-00340422-00341211": "so we have microphones and they're down here and try to come up and maybe just", "k7QNz15xf1U-00576-00341211-00341805": "if you would if you have a question ask just one so we give some time to others", "k7QNz15xf1U-00577-00341805-00342362": "I hope don't be shy either please anyone", "k7QNz15xf1U-00578-00342659-00343131": "this is really wild you're like Loki you were like a huge vocal role model for me", "k7QNz15xf1U-00579-00343131-00343470": "and trying to like develop my own unique voice and I really appreciate you know", "k7QNz15xf1U-00580-00343470-00344121": "gosh I'm turning up okay but basically this is kind of weird and like short for", "k7QNz15xf1U-00581-00344121-00344634": "the stares at all anyways so like I guess every role for an actor I don't", "k7QNz15xf1U-00582-00344634-00344934": "actually act but like I guess I feel like every role is like another life", "k7QNz15xf1U-00583-00344934-00345351": "that you live and you can't really like do that without having some growth and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00584-00345351-00345762": "change in yourself so my question is out of all the roles you've ever played like", "k7QNz15xf1U-00585-00345762-00346110": "on stage or on screen which one has changed you the most for better or for", "k7QNz15xf1U-00586-00346110-00346944": "worse between you and Thalia man I mean she has the most amazing questions I'm", "k7QNz15xf1U-00587-00346944-00347760": "telling you now you're getting me uhm when it's changed me the most okay", "k7QNz15xf1U-00588-00347760-00348159": "I'm gonna answer that in a different way I'm gonna tell you the one that was the", "k7QNz15xf1U-00589-00348159-00348645": "hardest to play okay it was the hardest to find", "k7QNz15xf1U-00590-00348645-00349053": "and that was Ruth and Raisin in the Sun and the reason why it was the hardest to", "k7QNz15xf1U-00591-00349053-00349728": "find because it was the closest to me on paper and so I and I realized and I was", "k7QNz15xf1U-00592-00349728-00350238": "blocking because it was too close to me she was a mom she she was you know an", "k7QNz15xf1U-00593-00350238-00350698": "exhausted wife or mom she you know issues she you know", "k7QNz15xf1U-00594-00350698-00351127": "was dealing with a pregnancy on some things that I really understood and I", "k7QNz15xf1U-00595-00351127-00351711": "was the same age as her so I just I was blocked by her and I was blocked and I", "k7QNz15xf1U-00596-00351711-00352072": "once I realized that I was blocked because it was too close to me", "k7QNz15xf1U-00597-00352072-00352485": "it was about learning to like so maybe that rule changed me the most because it", "k7QNz15xf1U-00598-00352485-00352993": "taught me that I had to open up and go even deeper and go to like what we were", "k7QNz15xf1U-00599-00352993-00353269": "talking about before like the third rail we're talking about go to that third", "k7QNz15xf1U-00600-00353269-00353746": "rail which is a scary place to be but it's where all the truth is you know and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00601-00353746-00354385": "so that's the one that taught me I think to go to go super deep so that changed", "k7QNz15xf1U-00602-00354385-00355129": "me in a good way as an artist I think a role that changed me in a bad way I", "k7QNz15xf1U-00603-00355129-00355759": "think my English teachers in 11th grade would say it's when I played Ava Peron", "k7QNz15xf1U-00604-00355759-00356482": "in Evita at my dinner theater that I grew up in because I guess I became a", "k7QNz15xf1U-00605-00356482-00357205": "bit of a shit at school playing and Evita at night and then going to", "k7QNz15xf1U-00606-00357205-00358024": "schooling like what you want one for me I'm not doing my homework I was pretty", "k7QNz15xf1U-00607-00358024-00358310": "bad thank you very much", "k7QNz15xf1U-00608-00359099-00359940": "hi hi and she's gone thank you both for being here you're very very articulate", "k7QNz15xf1U-00609-00359940-00360354": "and my husband and I are who are New Yorkers and partners for the public", "k7QNz15xf1U-00610-00360354-00360858": "theater have enjoyed seeing you at the Delacorte and in other things but I", "k7QNz15xf1U-00611-00360858-00361581": "can't resist taking up the opening to say when are you going to come back to", "k7QNz15xf1U-00612-00361581-00362817": "the public we'd love to see you again corridor downtown oh man well I thank", "k7QNz15xf1U-00613-00362817-00363228": "you Delacourt we'd love to come back too I mean anything in the public but the", "k7QNz15xf1U-00614-00363228-00363750": "Delacorte for sure there's something so magical about playing the Delacorte and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00615-00363750-00364149": "being out in the open and doing Shakespeare or whatever and you know and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00616-00364149-00364569": "then with the lovely baby raccoons coming up on stage everyone during", "k7QNz15xf1U-00617-00364569-00365046": "Twelfth Night the baby raccoons came up on stage and Anne Hathaway and I thought", "k7QNz15xf1U-00618-00365046-00365459": "that we were really killing the audience they were just laughing like oh we're", "k7QNz15xf1U-00619-00365459-00365858": "nailing it come on state like we're like we nailed that scene in the castle's", "k7QNz15xf1U-00620-00365858-00366519": "like no the raccoons that come on mind you yes any time that Oscar will have us", "k7QNz15xf1U-00621-00366519-00367914": "will and I will come thank you yeah that's good membership dues um okay", "k7QNz15xf1U-00622-00367914-00368430": "gonna take a deep breath you've been a hero of mine really ever since I heard", "k7QNz15xf1U-00623-00368430-00368853": "your voice I think it was on there was a Leonard Bernstein New York tribute album", "k7QNz15xf1U-00624-00368853-00369185": "man and I heard you sing a little bit in love and I was more than a little bit in", "k7QNz15xf1U-00625-00369185-00369888": "love but and you were a hero of mine and how you kind of code you the way you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00626-00369888-00370500": "combined your classical training with musical theater and it was just sort of", "k7QNz15xf1U-00627-00370500-00370842": "a bolt hearing you talk about your college experience and sort of", "k7QNz15xf1U-00628-00370842-00371232": "struggling to combine these in the kind of the different camps that music", "k7QNz15xf1U-00629-00371232-00371790": "departments go into and I struggled with that too and I ended up leaving a music", "k7QNz15xf1U-00630-00371790-00372236": "department but I guess do you have I guess a would you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00631-00372236-00372854": "have any advice for college students maybe struggling with that now or do you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00632-00372854-00373188": "get the sense that it's a little better now that it's not kind of broken up in", "k7QNz15xf1U-00633-00373188-00373845": "camps in this way I mean you've well you know I think I can't speak to every", "k7QNz15xf1U-00634-00373845-00374354": "college department I do know that there have been a lot of changes implemented", "k7QNz15xf1U-00635-00374354-00374786": "at Julliard since the years that I've been there and they allow for the", "k7QNz15xf1U-00636-00374786-00375404": "younger vocal students to have some acting classes or they allow them to", "k7QNz15xf1U-00637-00375404-00375720": "sing a little bit of musical theater they give them performance opportunities", "k7QNz15xf1U-00638-00375720-00376221": "now that we're not available to me and my generation there and that's I think", "k7QNz15xf1U-00639-00376221-00376823": "made for a healthier sort of environment a learning environment for these kids", "k7QNz15xf1U-00640-00376823-00377405": "and what my advice to the students has always been listen and learn as much as", "k7QNz15xf1U-00641-00377405-00377997": "you can but trust your gut and and do not try to sound like anybody else try", "k7QNz15xf1U-00642-00377997-00378425": "to sound like the best version of you but do not try and imitate do not try", "k7QNz15xf1U-00643-00378425-00379001": "and sound like anybody else and that is what will set you apart from everybody", "k7QNz15xf1U-00644-00379001-00379433": "else is that you have your own unique sound and once I learned that that's", "k7QNz15xf1U-00645-00379433-00379794": "what sort of kind of sent me free and so that's what I say to my students more", "k7QNz15xf1U-00646-00379794-00380366": "than anything thank you thank you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00647-00380614-00381108": "I twenty four years ago I saw you in carousel and it was it's an indelible", "k7QNz15xf1U-00648-00381108-00381640": "memory and it was wonderful performance and I still remember that so vividly and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00649-00381640-00382026": "I gonna remember that till the day I die oh really well thank you so much thank", "k7QNz15xf1U-00650-00382026-00382717": "you Lizzie and a 110 degrees in the shade your very high octane person and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00651-00382717-00383392": "Lizzie is a plain character what was your process in deciding how to present", "k7QNz15xf1U-00652-00383392-00383955": "this plainness hmm when it wasn't inherit in the way you self present well", "k7QNz15xf1U-00653-00383955-00384322": "I think the interesting thing about Lizzie is she's not a plain character", "k7QNz15xf1U-00654-00384322-00384870": "that's how though that's how everybody in her life kept describing herself", "k7QNz15xf1U-00655-00384870-00385396": "describing her to her and that's how she was sort of sort of branded within the", "k7QNz15xf1U-00656-00385396-00385884": "community you're playing you know she talked a little too much she was too", "k7QNz15xf1U-00657-00385884-00386914": "smart she you know and so for me it was instead I mean you so I just I mean in", "k7QNz15xf1U-00658-00386914-00387225": "terms of what she looked like okay so I didn't wear any makeup in the show or", "k7QNz15xf1U-00659-00387225-00387702": "anything like that but I think Lizzie actually was a high octane person with a", "k7QNz15xf1U-00660-00387702-00388291": "lot of passion and and a lot of love to give and a lot of dreams and aspirations", "k7QNz15xf1U-00661-00388291-00388924": "that she kind of felt were constantly being pushed down and so the struggle", "k7QNz15xf1U-00662-00388924-00389259": "for Lizzie is to truly believe and that's what Starbuck gives her is that", "k7QNz15xf1U-00663-00389259-00389815": "she you know helps her to see that she is beautiful she is she she is deserving", "k7QNz15xf1U-00664-00389815-00390453": "of love she she does have all that within her so I didn't it was it's I", "k7QNz15xf1U-00665-00390453-00390817": "think it's quite actually the opposite is that she was not that she was not", "k7QNz15xf1U-00666-00390817-00391854": "that and and the journey is discovering Maddox that she's not bad hi hi um so", "k7QNz15xf1U-00667-00391854-00392328": "you've worked both on stage and on screen but you've also had your stage", "k7QNz15xf1U-00668-00392328-00392788": "work recorded as with Lady Day and on HBO recording and I was wondering if you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00669-00392788-00393145": "could just speak a little bit to that experience of taking what's somewhat", "k7QNz15xf1U-00670-00393145-00393603": "more ephemeral in nature as theatrical performances are often described and how", "k7QNz15xf1U-00671-00393603-00393970": "it was like to do that for a single recording", "k7QNz15xf1U-00672-00393970-00394288": "and what you think of kind of recording theater in general although that's a", "k7QNz15xf1U-00673-00394288-00394734": "very touchy topic for a lot of people I think it's very important for me maybe", "k7QNz15xf1U-00674-00394734-00395358": "it's just me being selfish I you know there are performances that we'll never", "k7QNz15xf1U-00675-00395358-00396064": "have because they mean you know I would have loved to have seen Merman in can", "k7QNz15xf1U-00676-00396064-00396505": "you imagine an opening night of Hamlet with Burbidge at the Globe Theater", "k7QNz15xf1U-00677-00396505-00397278": "wouldn't if we had a so I think it's I mean I love that Lincoln Center library", "k7QNz15xf1U-00678-00397278-00397681": "archives all the shows now is that's very important that we have you know", "k7QNz15xf1U-00679-00397681-00398160": "that that history speaking to your second or the first part of your", "k7QNz15xf1U-00680-00398160-00398695": "question we did Lady Day when we filmed that we filmed it at a kind of defunct", "k7QNz15xf1U-00681-00398695-00399480": "cafe in New Orleans that we were able to sort of turn into the the nightclub and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00682-00399480-00399943": "it was very difficult it was very difficult we did it over three different", "k7QNz15xf1U-00683-00399943-00400383": "nights and we did have audience members come in so we felt like was there there", "k7QNz15xf1U-00684-00400383-00400639": "people would have been in the audience so that's the realistic sort of", "k7QNz15xf1U-00685-00400639-00401307": "portrayal but it was very difficult because we also had 11 cameras and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00686-00401307-00401719": "that's a very tiny space we had 11 cameras even like when she would go you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00687-00401719-00402028": "know off the stage and go to the bar and stuff I was having to kind of walk by", "k7QNz15xf1U-00688-00402028-00402622": "and over camera dollies and stuff like that so it made for a sort of I had to", "k7QNz15xf1U-00689-00402622-00403311": "sort of I had to use different muscles and for being completely honest I don't", "k7QNz15xf1U-00690-00403311-00403726": "I haven't seen it I honestly I have it and I think it's gonna be years before", "k7QNz15xf1U-00691-00403726-00404338": "I'm able to watch that performance because I'm it's no one wants III don't", "k7QNz15xf1U-00692-00404338-00405013": "like watching myself on film and I know what I went through and trying to stay", "k7QNz15xf1U-00693-00405013-00405456": "focused to get that performance so it would be uncomfortable for me to watch", "k7QNz15xf1U-00694-00405456-00406066": "but it's it's very tricky thing to do I don't think I answered your question you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00695-00406066-00406606": "absolutely did thank you so much I mean one thing I would say about that is I am", "k7QNz15xf1U-00696-00406606-00407002": "delighted that the New York library for the performing arts exists and delighted", "k7QNz15xf1U-00697-00407002-00407209": "that we have theater theater on tape collection", "k7QNz15xf1U-00698-00407209-00407830": "and to me it is an academic research tool yes I go up there to study stuff I", "k7QNz15xf1U-00699-00407830-00408317": "don't ever feel like I'm going up there to have a complete experience of a work", "k7QNz15xf1U-00700-00408317-00408904": "of art I'm going up there it's a historical record of a work of art that", "k7QNz15xf1U-00701-00408904-00409548": "isn't there anymore because I mean my parochial view is that the theater is", "k7QNz15xf1U-00702-00409548-00410494": "supposed to vanish when yeah that's the whole truth of it just like we do so but", "k7QNz15xf1U-00703-00410494-00411154": "that doesn't mean I don't love having it on tape thank you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00704-00411154-00411596": "you talked about thinking and researching the roles but I'm curious", "k7QNz15xf1U-00705-00411596-00412408": "about practice and how you practice or maybe rehearse in your field and and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00706-00412408-00413102": "what's different about that then when you're you're standing and in the moment", "k7QNz15xf1U-00707-00413102-00413642": "I'm performing um do you mean in terms of like you know rehearsal process yes", "k7QNz15xf1U-00708-00413642-00414069": "well I mean when you're working on any show I mean you rehearse you know", "k7QNz15xf1U-00709-00414069-00414725": "usually six weeks six to eight weeks you know and you know with like a Broadway", "k7QNz15xf1U-00710-00414725-00415238": "schedule you rehearse 10:00 to 6:00 every day six days a week for six to", "k7QNz15xf1U-00711-00415238-00415702": "eight weeks and then once you're up and in previews before you officially open a", "k7QNz15xf1U-00712-00415702-00416175": "show you do the show at night and you rehearse during the day as well and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00713-00416175-00416689": "aside from that you know a performer is like an athlete you still have to you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00714-00416689-00417071": "still have to take your voice lessons you have to keep yourself in tip-top", "k7QNz15xf1U-00715-00417071-00417661": "condition because it is our you know our body is our instrument and so I you know", "k7QNz15xf1U-00716-00417661-00418063": "will and I both we still take voice lessons and you know and if like when I", "k7QNz15xf1U-00717-00418063-00418504": "was doing shuffle along I was having to learn how to tap-dance or remember how", "k7QNz15xf1U-00718-00418504-00418933": "to tap-dance after 40 years of not doing it I had to figure out how to do that", "k7QNz15xf1U-00719-00418933-00419638": "again so the training never stops you're constantly in training you know I know", "k7QNz15xf1U-00720-00419638-00419876": "you had a second part the question what's it like then once you stand on", "k7QNz15xf1U-00721-00419876-00420211": "stage then you where's the thing once you get up on stage you then have to", "k7QNz15xf1U-00722-00420211-00420636": "throw it all out the window that's the truth you throw it all out", "k7QNz15xf1U-00723-00420636-00421171": "the window and you're forced to be in the moment and and and just then it's I", "k7QNz15xf1U-00724-00421171-00421576": "want to say it's you're flying on blind faith and luck but you do have to throw", "k7QNz15xf1U-00725-00421576-00422071": "it all out the window yeah you know and then just go down to your gut do you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00726-00422071-00423025": "want to do it nobody I think about it in an athletic performance space yeah you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00727-00423025-00423430": "don't rehearse the marathon in the same way that you run the marathon that's", "k7QNz15xf1U-00728-00423430-00423925": "true but you train for a marathon don't you yeah thank you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00729-00423925-00424989": "hi one of my favorite plays was masterclass with you I'm missing your", "k7QNz15xf1U-00730-00424989-00426468": "signature I've been waiting 20 years so called well signature and just wondered", "k7QNz15xf1U-00731-00426468-00427022": "if you would consider playing the part of Maria Callas at this time or have you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00732-00427022-00427560": "first of all yes I will sign your poster I wasn't there to sign it 22 years ago", "k7QNz15xf1U-00733-00427560-00428217": "and actually that question has been that has been asked before if I would want to", "k7QNz15xf1U-00734-00428217-00428980": "play Maria Callas thank you I think you would should could it's an amazing role", "k7QNz15xf1U-00735-00428980-00429433": "it's hard because there's a part of me that would absolutely love to do it but", "k7QNz15xf1U-00736-00429433-00429925": "there's a part of me that the performance buys oh Caldwell who I named", "k7QNz15xf1U-00737-00429925-00430647": "my first child after is it's so sacred to me that I I don't know that I would", "k7QNz15xf1U-00738-00430647-00431169": "want to touch it because it's so sacred to me by my relationship to her what she", "k7QNz15xf1U-00739-00431169-00431544": "meant to me with that whole experience meant to me and watching every night her", "k7QNz15xf1U-00740-00431544-00432090": "do it that I don't there's a part of me that doesn't want to be sac there's a", "k7QNz15xf1U-00741-00432090-00432382": "part of me that feels that it might be sacrilegious to play her just firm it's", "k7QNz15xf1U-00742-00432382-00432813": "it's my own personal thing so I don't know but it's an amazing role I'm", "k7QNz15xf1U-00743-00432813-00433128": "begging because my", "k7QNz15xf1U-00744-00433191-00433733": "I will sign your poster after I promise", "k7QNz15xf1U-00745-00434564-00435231": "she is an amazing point thank you so last night you sang a song from the", "k7QNz15xf1U-00746-00435231-00435572": "perspective of a daughter whose mother is a performer who's always away and you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00747-00435572-00436107": "mentioned kind of your goal to not be that way so I'm just curious kind of a", "k7QNz15xf1U-00748-00436107-00436614": "personal question how do you and your husband kind of make that not happen and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00749-00436614-00438521": "make sure that you know that's not how your children mike is right there oh", "k7QNz15xf1U-00750-00438521-00439020": "it's it's like a Chinese jigsaw puzzle we I don't know we just we like sit down", "k7QNz15xf1U-00751-00439020-00439395": "and have planning meetings if you're going to this soccer lesson and I'm", "k7QNz15xf1U-00752-00439395-00440039": "gonna take the rehearsal and you have to work this day and I air traffic control", "k7QNz15xf1U-00753-00440039-00440735": "you know that's a better metaphor but you know I mean will and I we don't not", "k7QNz15xf1U-00754-00440735-00441114": "like we go out and party a lot if we're not working we're really with the kids", "k7QNz15xf1U-00755-00441114-00441483": "but we also make certain choices like we don't we don't take you know we don't", "k7QNz15xf1U-00756-00441483-00441968": "really audition for like TV shows that shoot in LA so that we can be home and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00757-00441968-00442383": "for a lot of actors that would minimize a whole lot of work and you know years", "k7QNz15xf1U-00758-00442383-00442641": "ago it certainly did because there wasn't a lot of film and television in", "k7QNz15xf1U-00759-00442641-00442964": "New York a lot of it was all LA and that's slowly changing but yeah", "k7QNz15xf1U-00760-00442964-00443526": "absolutely and yeah it is it is a lot of planning and one foot in front of you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00761-00443526-00444312": "you know the other is each day goes but literally when we're not working we're", "k7QNz15xf1U-00762-00444312-00444893": "with the kids and I mean that's screw you there's no children present right", "k7QNz15xf1U-00763-00444893-00445653": "now actually one is here one did a tour of MIT today but yeah so maybe I'll be", "k7QNz15xf1U-00764-00445653-00446170": "giving the rest of the award right back to MIT", "k7QNz15xf1U-00765-00446578-00447017": "you know what here's the thing you you commit to finding a way to make it work", "k7QNz15xf1U-00766-00447017-00447394": "and you commit to being as good a parrot as you possibly can and then you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00767-00447394-00447820": "prioritize and so it's like it's work or they're kids and if they have other", "k7QNz15xf1U-00768-00447820-00448351": "plans then we'll sneak away but other than that it's work or their kids yeah", "k7QNz15xf1U-00769-00448351-00448735": "thank you yeah you can do it you can do it but", "k7QNz15xf1U-00770-00448735-00450442": "take your time it's good to see you I'm wondering you received this phone call", "k7QNz15xf1U-00771-00450442-00450961": "from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to be told that you're going", "k7QNz15xf1U-00772-00450961-00451480": "to get a McDermott award and did you think they got the wrong number first of", "k7QNz15xf1U-00773-00451480-00452201": "all I'm just wondering if you could tell us what did what surprised you about the", "k7QNz15xf1U-00774-00452201-00452722": "residency what surprised you about the students no faculty what was your", "k7QNz15xf1U-00775-00452722-00453667": "experience um you know you hear MIT and if you're as intelligent as I am which", "k7QNz15xf1U-00776-00453667-00454261": "is you know not much intelligence but I I think so I you know I had a sort of", "k7QNz15xf1U-00777-00454261-00454699": "preconceived sort of idea a notion of what the students would be like I and I", "k7QNz15xf1U-00778-00454699-00455003": "was telling Thalia this student that I had the interview with I was telling her", "k7QNz15xf1U-00779-00455003-00455539": "this earlier you know I had you know this sort of you know they're you know", "k7QNz15xf1U-00780-00455539-00455938": "they're all got their heads in books or they're you know working on you know", "k7QNz15xf1U-00781-00455938-00456338": "they're blowing up things in a science lab or they're you know what there's", "k7QNz15xf1U-00782-00456338-00456745": "what what could I possibly teach them and are they even going to be interested", "k7QNz15xf1U-00783-00456745-00457621": "and what I discovered is these kids are not only they do not have their heads in", "k7QNz15xf1U-00784-00457621-00458151": "books that though that's a lot of it cuz they have to but they are wide eyed and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00785-00458151-00458981": "curious and precocious and and and they seem to be full of joy and and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00786-00458981-00459482": "what I got a sense from all of them was like does this make sense I this is what", "k7QNz15xf1U-00787-00459482-00460031": "I feel when I think about these kids I see them reaching and arms open and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00788-00460031-00460487": "wanting to discover and so for me coming in to spend time with them and and talk", "k7QNz15xf1U-00789-00460487-00461081": "to them and and the few sort of master classes that I gave or helping they were", "k7QNz15xf1U-00790-00461081-00461983": "just sponges full of joy and Wonder and I always felt very hopeful when I left", "k7QNz15xf1U-00791-00461983-00462452": "you know that if these kids want to not only you know figure out how to get us", "k7QNz15xf1U-00792-00462452-00462946": "to Saturn you know cure cancer and sing an aria", "k7QNz15xf1U-00793-00462946-00463592": "all in one day if they want to do it they can they can and yeah I was very", "k7QNz15xf1U-00794-00463592-00464804": "inspired the faculty is that they give them the support and the space they give", "k7QNz15xf1U-00795-00464804-00465401": "them the support and the space and what I didn't expect but what I was thrilled", "k7QNz15xf1U-00796-00465401-00465893": "to see is there's a warmth that comes from the faculty the faculty that I've", "k7QNz15xf1U-00797-00465893-00466414": "spent there's warmth that that they there's a warmth and a genuine caring", "k7QNz15xf1U-00798-00466414-00466814": "that they have for their students and that that filled me with a great deal of", "k7QNz15xf1U-00799-00466814-00467089": "hope let me especially like watching the way Laura works with her kids you could", "k7QNz15xf1U-00800-00467089-00467689": "tell she loves each and every one of those kids so much and is there for them", "k7QNz15xf1U-00801-00467689-00468167": "and and support so especially as a mom we're getting ready you know two of our", "k7QNz15xf1U-00802-00468167-00468485": "oldest are going off to college in a year to know that you could send your", "k7QNz15xf1U-00803-00468485-00468824": "kids to you know a place like this or wherever you go and there's going to be", "k7QNz15xf1U-00804-00468824-00469472": "the support warmth and love as well as the knowledge that they need I was", "k7QNz15xf1U-00805-00469472-00470633": "inspired I I'm I'm a convert if if I can just add I came here last night I was in", "k7QNz15xf1U-00806-00470633-00470966": "Vancouver or speaking at the TED Conference and I'm surprised that", "k7QNz15xf1U-00807-00470966-00471512": "anybody's here because it felt like the entire MIT faculty was presenting but", "k7QNz15xf1U-00808-00471512-00471938": "the the kind of genius technological genius", "k7QNz15xf1U-00809-00471938-00472339": "I was hearing over the past few days in Vancouver the idea that that can be", "k7QNz15xf1U-00810-00472339-00472843": "coupled with an understanding of the importance of art and the importance of", "k7QNz15xf1U-00811-00472843-00473422": "what culture means not just in general but particulars research particularly", "k7QNz15xf1U-00812-00473422-00473992": "the idea of science and advancement too it's there's many some of you are old", "k7QNz15xf1U-00813-00473992-00474455": "enough to remember CPS knows the two cultures the more that we can get the", "k7QNz15xf1U-00814-00474455-00474985": "culture and the science the technology and the art to speak to each other the", "k7QNz15xf1U-00815-00474985-00475426": "more likely we are to have a world that we want to live", "k7QNz15xf1U-00816-00476170-00477041": "hi I loved in the video rail hearing you talk about having if there's something", "k7QNz15xf1U-00817-00477041-00477348": "if there's a role or something that you're scared of that you have to do it", "k7QNz15xf1U-00818-00477348-00477875": "because it'll make you better even if it's not successful so I was I was", "k7QNz15xf1U-00819-00477875-00478364": "thinking I was wondering if there was a time that came to mind that you can", "k7QNz15xf1U-00820-00478364-00478723": "think of when when you were working through that where you were doing", "k7QNz15xf1U-00821-00478723-00479018": "something you were scared of and maybe he wasn't as successful as you would", "k7QNz15xf1U-00822-00479018-00479443": "have hoped and you have anything what would you say to somebody who might be", "k7QNz15xf1U-00823-00479443-00480143": "in that space right now I would say to you wait come here don't", "k7QNz15xf1U-00824-00480143-00482071": "go away I would say don't don't don't be afraid of the failure the failure is as", "k7QNz15xf1U-00825-00482071-00482839": "part of the learning experience and I've failed on a daily basis on a daily basis", "k7QNz15xf1U-00826-00482839-00483329": "you fail if you succeeded everything you won't ever grow because you won't ever", "k7QNz15xf1U-00827-00483329-00484175": "learn yeah I I firmly believe that and you know let me give be personal let me", "k7QNz15xf1U-00828-00484175-00485000": "give you an example as recently as yesterday I was scared to death to do", "k7QNz15xf1U-00829-00485000-00485402": "Laura's piece at the concert last night because we had only rehearsed it once", "k7QNz15xf1U-00830-00485402-00485953": "and I felt like I don't want to let Laura down and not do it here", "k7QNz15xf1U-00831-00485953-00486397": "this is her home this is where she's teaching this is where the kids are and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00832-00486397-00486953": "this is where I learned the piece but I'm not ready and I'm scared", "k7QNz15xf1U-00833-00486953-00487409": "and so the at the point in the concert when it was time to do it I turned to", "k7QNz15xf1U-00834-00487409-00487964": "the pianist and he said do you want to do it and I said I'm gonna mess up and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00835-00487964-00488327": "he was like okay and he started to turn the page to the next song and then I", "k7QNz15xf1U-00836-00488327-00488785": "thought you're scared you need to do it and I turned back to my said let's do it", "k7QNz15xf1U-00837-00488785-00489336": "so last night you fail on a Dan I didn't get it all right I mean some of the kids", "k7QNz15xf1U-00838-00489336-00489711": "know what I messed up on a lot of the lyrics but oh whoa sorry Laura I'll get", "k7QNz15xf1U-00839-00489711-00490194": "it right by May first I will but it doesn't matter but I'm glad I did it and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00840-00490194-00490603": "I learned and I fell a little bit on my face but in the end and you know what", "k7QNz15xf1U-00841-00490603-00490984": "and so instead of just hiding all that from the audience I told the artist like", "k7QNz15xf1U-00842-00490984-00491412": "this I rehearsed this once I need to do it let's see what happens and I said to", "k7QNz15xf1U-00843-00491412-00491685": "the kids if I mess up shout out the words to me we'll get through it", "k7QNz15xf1U-00844-00491685-00492140": "so fail everyday you'll learn something", "k7QNz15xf1U-00845-00492657-00493245": "hey um first of all I want to say thank you because when I was in seventh grade", "k7QNz15xf1U-00846-00493245-00493680": "I saw you in porgy and bess in New York and that's probably 90% of", "k7QNz15xf1U-00847-00493680-00494187": "the reason why I started singing oh my god so and then my question is as a", "k7QNz15xf1U-00848-00494187-00494526": "singer who mainly has classical training I was wondering if you had any tips for", "k7QNz15xf1U-00849-00494526-00495582": "expanding to other vocal genres without losing touch with my own voice sing what", "k7QNz15xf1U-00850-00495582-00496080": "seeing what you love does that make sense", "k7QNz15xf1U-00851-00496080-00496726": "sing what you love I mean even if it's I mean sometimes at home I'm singing earth", "k7QNz15xf1U-00852-00496726-00497403": "when in fire I love or threaten fire you know and so I'm it's coming from a place", "k7QNz15xf1U-00853-00497403-00497803": "of joy in my heart and that means it's something that wants to I mean you you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00854-00497803-00498330": "fancy yourself a singer absolutely right it's a part of who you are so if you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00855-00498330-00498615": "sing from a place of love and a sing from a place of something that you want", "k7QNz15xf1U-00856-00498615-00499074": "that gives you joy just do it the only thing I would say is May as long as", "k7QNz15xf1U-00857-00499074-00499641": "you're singing with your voice that's all that matters don't don't try and be", "k7QNz15xf1U-00858-00499641-00499914": "anybody else I don't sing Earth Wind and Fire like", "k7QNz15xf1U-00859-00499914-00500355": "philipbaillie you know I wish I could sing like Philip Bailey but I don't I", "k7QNz15xf1U-00860-00500355-00500735": "mean we sing the same octave because he's saying very much but I sing like me", "k7QNz15xf1U-00861-00500735-00501192": "so I'm bringing my own interpretation to it but I love it and I want to sing it", "k7QNz15xf1U-00862-00501192-00501663": "and I have something to say about that music about you know September's song or", "k7QNz15xf1U-00863-00501663-00501972": "you know got to get you into my life whatever it doesn't matter that I'm", "k7QNz15xf1U-00864-00501972-00502432": "singing it with with my voice so stick with your own voice but sing what you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00865-00502432-00503434": "want thank you she was that you were at the", "k7QNz15xf1U-00866-00503434-00503942": "lunch too via the yes yes I its you're backlit now I see your face hi", "k7QNz15xf1U-00867-00503942-00504374": "so did me head like flan or something at the when we had the lunch that creme", "k7QNz15xf1U-00868-00504374-00505142": "brulee that's right yes yes I was wondering so like your machine who did", "k7QNz15xf1U-00869-00505142-00505520": "research like your votes and stuff and it's like a lot of Mike Havel of", "k7QNz15xf1U-00870-00505520-00505895": "historical context and all that I don't really like so our school my", "k7QNz15xf1U-00871-00505895-00506239": "high school it did ragtime my freshman year it's like that's why I know their", "k7QNz15xf1U-00872-00506239-00506588": "sound check that was like my first you know what about you and they was amazing", "k7QNz15xf1U-00873-00506588-00507118": "but oh so I was wondering like so when you have like all the research and then", "k7QNz15xf1U-00874-00507118-00507428": "you have all the context in the background so how do you balance that", "k7QNz15xf1U-00875-00507428-00507899": "like that that information with their own interpretations and like and we're", "k7QNz15xf1U-00876-00507899-00508295": "performing at those how do i balance all the information from all the research", "k7QNz15xf1U-00877-00508295-00508625": "that I've done with my own interpretation oh yeah I like how how", "k7QNz15xf1U-00878-00508625-00509057": "you like insert herself into the into the goal the research is there to", "k7QNz15xf1U-00879-00509057-00509624": "support you you know I mean but in the end the role has to be filtered through", "k7QNz15xf1U-00880-00509624-00510308": "you so you take that research and and it's there and it's it's it's there to", "k7QNz15xf1U-00881-00510308-00510755": "support you as you then plug it into your own soul and then in the end you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00882-00510755-00511028": "can't take all those books and recordings and everything out on the", "k7QNz15xf1U-00883-00511028-00511360": "stage with you you go alright I'm gonna play Billie Holiday but let me show you", "k7QNz15xf1U-00884-00511360-00511991": "how you know I swear this is right check this out because in the end that's why", "k7QNz15xf1U-00885-00511991-00512239": "I'm saying when I said to him you got to throw it all out the window it's there", "k7QNz15xf1U-00886-00512239-00512537": "to support you you know in that phase of it but then at the end you throw it out", "k7QNz15xf1U-00887-00512537-00512860": "the window and then it's how you it then filters through yourself so in the end", "k7QNz15xf1U-00888-00512860-00513470": "it does become up to you and it becomes a part of who you are I mean and I would", "k7QNz15xf1U-00889-00513470-00513910": "imagine I don't know about the sciences but I would imagine in some way you know", "k7QNz15xf1U-00890-00513910-00514151": "you can look at all the research but then you have to come to your own", "k7QNz15xf1U-00891-00514151-00514460": "conclusion about what all the research has shown you right it has to be your", "k7QNz15xf1U-00892-00514460-00514893": "conclusion in the end so I think maybe it's the same", "k7QNz15xf1U-00893-00515621-00516453": "so Audra first congratulations on the 2018 Eugene McDermott award in the arts", "k7QNz15xf1U-00894-00516453-00516792": "at MIT you're spectacular you've honored us and", "k7QNz15xf1U-00895-00516792-00517328": "you brought Oscar with you to double honors and the two of you are phenomenal", "k7QNz15xf1U-00896-00517328-00517955": "together and you could see this audience just deeply appreciates what you've done", "k7QNz15xf1U-00897-00517955-00518578": "for us on this occasion and please stay close to us", "k7QNz15xf1U-00898-00519220-00519426": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "k7Z3Y7QDbNA", "text": {"k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00000-00003191-00003511": "foreign", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00001-00003511-00003831": "[Music]", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00002-00003831-00004734": "trapped within this desert Wasteland the sands of time blow ceaselessly but it's not going", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00003-00004734-00005445": "to end like this I'm gonna find my way out of here", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00004-00005445-00005545": "I swear it", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00005-00005545-00008372": "you sure he's in this backwards Bumpkin town the information came from a credible source", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00006-00008372-00009149": "is here all right he should be hiding out somewhere on Rosa desert claw he's one of", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00007-00009149-00009638": "the Galaxy's top Hunters maybe he got his mitts on a load of gosh and he's off living", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00008-00009638-00010252": "it up somewhere can't believe he'd be wasting his time on their slave Rock don't worry he's", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00009-00010252-00010872": "somewhere on this planet my instincts are infallible like I'm gonna trust a robot since", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00010-00010872-00011668": "things I would if I were you they're quite uncannic besides I can use this to determine", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00011-00011668-00012290": "whether or not he's the real deal just leave it to Steve all right really well the captain", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00012-00012290-00012953": "will be pretty cheesed off if we don't find him so you'd better come through on this no", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00013-00012953-00014101": "I know [Music]", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00014-00014101-00017986": "[Music] thank you tuckered out huh you did well boy", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00015-00017986-00018811": "two medium-sized mesh okay pal you met your quota and here's your pay", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00016-00018811-00019870": "huh is that all can't you spare a little extra we didn't bring that much with us you know", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00017-00019870-00020624": "besides slaves like you should be grateful we even bother to share our rations I'm not", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00018-00020624-00020770": "doing this for my health you know", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00019-00020770-00021567": "foreign", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00020-00021567-00022875": "[Music] this is all that I got today those long Guardians are getting a little too big", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00021-00022875-00023544": "for their britches [Music] you gonna let them get away with it no no it gets all worked", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00022-00023544-00024238": "up over it it's been two years since Rose has been under long Guardian rule they're", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00023-00024238-00025214": "still struggling to get used to this place we'll get our chance soon enough ah man why", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00024-00025214-00025657": "did Rosa have to get mixed up in this war", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00025-00025657-00026753": "it used to be such a peaceful Planet the long Guardians aren't all bad though now that their", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00026-00026753-00027641": "Lookouts are posted at the gate we never get beasts in town anymore [Music] but the whole", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00027-00027641-00028823": "reason they're posted there is to keep an eye on us foreign", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00028-00028823-00029519": "there's a beast in town a pretty big one by the looks of it", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00029-00029519-00030503": "all right I'll take care of it just to wait don't worry I'll behave", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00030-00030503-00031700": "that thing this is bad it's heading for the residential area", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00031-00031700-00032622": "[Music]", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00032-00032622-00032722": "surrounded", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00033-00032722-00034768": "[Music] don't sweat it these foes are nothing they just rode in on the big guy's coattails", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00034-00034768-00035788": "huh who are you let's finish these jumps off first", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00035-00035788-00036127": "you're pretty strong", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00036-00036127-00036489": "that wasn't even a warm-up", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00037-00036489-00037324": "who are you I'm your ally of course for now anyway more importantly the big fella went", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00038-00037324-00038050": "off toward the residential area that Beast is worth at least twenty thousand come on", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00039-00038050-00038469": "twenty thousand what are you some kind of Hunter pretty much", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00040-00038469-00038832": "[Music]", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00041-00038832-00042772": "things start to get hairy up ahead use the transporter know your way around it [Music]", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00042-00042772-00044484": "[Music] foreign [Music]", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00043-00044484-00045456": "cool", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00044-00045456-00053224": "[Music] after another don't they ever quit [Music]", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00045-00053224-00055166": "foreign [Music]", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00046-00055166-00056138": "[Music]", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00047-00056138-00058079": "foreign [Music]", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00048-00058079-00058859": "noisy all of a sudden [Music] it would appear a beast has invaded the town what luck the", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00049-00058859-00059476": "desert claw would never pass up a chance to score a load of points like this let's go", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00050-00059476-00060786": "check it out are you Bonkers it's way too dangerous come on this way hey away from me", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00051-00060786-00066004": "if this keeps up the town's going to be destroyed [Music] foreign", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00052-00066004-00066438": "[Music]", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00053-00066438-00066949": "here we go [Music]", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00054-00066949-00067693": "something's wrong here", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00055-00067693-00068651": "wait huh now we go our separate ways what what do you mean I can't go with you anymore", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00056-00068651-00069494": "sorry just go into the residential area and take down that big Brute hey hold on a second", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00057-00069494-00070317": "I can't take that thing out by myself you don't think so here try this it's much better", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00058-00070317-00070464": "than that butter knife of yours", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00059-00070464-00071686": "[Music]", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00060-00071686-00073532": "whoa and this what's this", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00061-00073532-00074074": "a battle recorder it'll capture the fight from start to finish you ought to get a lot", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00062-00074074-00074980": "of points for backing that fella go on take it with you see you later", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00063-00074980-00075345": "no wait how can you just leave me here", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00064-00075345-00077037": "foreign", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00065-00077037-00077732": "damn it fine you can't scare me", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00066-00077732-00078452": "Bring It On fellas here we go", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00067-00078452-00080819": "[Music] foreign [Music] man hey you know how bad kid huh [Music] my could it be Stevo what's", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00068-00080819-00082393": "going on [Music] just look come on what is it [Music]", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00069-00082393-00083135": "yes there's no doubt about it and see what he's got there that's desert claws weapon", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00070-00083135-00084232": "desert Seeker one of the seven sacred Galactic swords so that means that you must be", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00071-00084232-00085062": "the legendary Hunter desert there's a clone to the the what oh I can't believe how lucky", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00072-00085062-00085888": "we are to think we found him this quickly no kidding I told you he'd be on this planet", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00073-00085888-00086650": "didn't I didn't I well now huh we the lucky ones mission accomplished let's head on back", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00074-00086650-00087422": "come on come on you too mister whoa wait a second what are you trying to do look I've", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00075-00087422-00088092": "got to take care of that Beast up there you're in my way ah why bother I mean it's such a", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00076-00088092-00088652": "chore come to our ship and we'll give you all kinds of sweet jobs that beat the pants", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00077-00088652-00089501": "off plain old Beast Hunting come on ah knock it off I have to go now or that thing is gonna", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00078-00089501-00090404": "destroy the town let me go that's our desert claw a man of unbending determination yeah", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00079-00090404-00091080": "wherever you say We'll accompany you on your hunting trip but when this little s get paids", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00080-00091080-00091837": "over you're coming with us is that a deal huh why should I", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00081-00091837-00092575": "then it's settled let's be on our way [Music]", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00082-00092575-00094073": "good grief even the shoes are causing a pack", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00083-00094073-00099443": "oh my is it already over", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00084-00099443-00101160": "I hope everyone's okay [Music]", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00085-00101160-00106403": "thank you [Music] the big one went over to the residential area [Music] are you ready", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00086-00106403-00106981": "[Music]", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00087-00106981-00107081": "foreign", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00088-00107081-00112100": "[Music] foreign [Music] foreign", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00089-00112100-00113385": "[Music]", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00090-00113385-00115191": "[Music] foreign [Music]", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00091-00115191-00118716": "[Music] look at that [Music] foreign [Music]", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00092-00118716-00119219": "[Music]", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00093-00119219-00127206": "ah a small break [Music] here they come there's no challenge at all [Music] why did a piece", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00094-00127206-00130010": "like that come here [Music] foreign", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00095-00130010-00131621": "[Music] the residential area is beyond here yo she's not quiet fella is he must be rather", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00096-00131621-00132204": "large as well you're not planning on having all three of us go in there are you you want", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00097-00132204-00132723": "to fight them all by yourself no not at all that's crazy totally Reckless you know Mr", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00098-00132723-00133807": "claw I think you forfeit any point you earn if you uh die yeah yeah let's go hey wait", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00099-00133807-00134466": "up poor kid we hardly knew him", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00100-00134466-00134773": "there it is", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00101-00134773-00136216": "[Music] that is certainly a big monster all right are you positive about this Mr claw", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00102-00136216-00136316": "your choice", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00103-00136316-00136416": "huge what you doing get crushed away from this one [Music]", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00104-00136416-00136516": "attacks", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00105-00136516-00139889": "hang on his foot hand was off get it now that's a Mark 8 salamander he can manage to break", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00106-00139889-00146403": "the shackles on its legs then the shield on its back will open up let's hurry up and break", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00107-00146403-00146503": "the other shackles", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00108-00146503-00146603": "foreign", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00109-00146603-00146703": "[Music]", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00110-00146703-00146803": "foreign [Music]", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00111-00146803-00146939": "[Music] hey look at that that's gonna be his weak sport try attacking him there what how", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00112-00146939-00147733": "am I supposed to do that jump on its back and hack away isn't it obvious [Applause]", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00113-00147733-00148473": "are you nuts there's no way hang on I've got just the thing for this kind of situation", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00114-00148473-00149133": "what's that I'll tell you later watch this [Music]", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00115-00149133-00150113": "what the that's my monography shot what do you reckon do you like it jump on the back", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00116-00150113-00150604": "of those monogamy platforms and you can get up on the back of the Beast here you go big", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00117-00150604-00151129": "man why don't you take this for now", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00118-00151129-00151701": "when the platform disappears just shoot up another one but remember you must equip the", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00119-00151701-00153665": "monography shot first before you can use it now is your chance go get him Mr claw poop", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00120-00153665-00154314": "poop", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00121-00154314-00155610": "[Music] poop", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00122-00155610-00156257": "foreign", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00123-00156257-00156904": "[Music]", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00124-00156904-00157552": "[Music]", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00125-00157552-00158201": "[Music]", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00126-00158201-00160144": "two times [Music]", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00127-00160144-00160791": "[Music]", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00128-00160791-00162088": "[Music] [Applause]", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00129-00162088-00164253": "did that do it nope I'm afraid not but you're almost there battle recorder ready that kind", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00130-00164253-00164909": "of Beast will net you heaps of points make sure you get it all on tape what you mean", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00131-00164909-00165676": "this oh now that is a well-used recorder use that to record your battle with the Beast", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00132-00165676-00166577": "and later on you can turn it in for points now finish off the Beast by yourself after", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00133-00166577-00167210": "all it's your prize all right and here goes stopped but it's still being controlled by", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00134-00167210-00167945": "the power of the room destroy the Rune in its head oh come on like a legendary Hunter", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00135-00167945-00168905": "needs your help I get the feeling he sort of does I wonder why is he really desert claw", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00136-00168905-00169761": "I suppose looks can be deceiving a real master doesn't need to show off he may not look it", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00137-00169761-00172315": "but he's got the goods", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00138-00172315-00172533": "[Music] foreign", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00139-00172533-00172800": "you're the real deal", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00140-00172800-00175550": "[Music] just as I thought his potential may be greater than my own", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00141-00175550-00177026": "so listen Mr claw you know a real name or something huh oh yeah I'm Jaster Rogue", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00142-00177026-00177740": "just today good yeah it's a bit weird to keep calling you desert claw so from now on if", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00143-00177740-00178447": "it's all right with you I'm just gonna call you Justin okay now let's get down to business", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00144-00178447-00179203": "I'll be straight with you our boss says he wants to hire you would you come with us hire", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00145-00179203-00179641": "me what", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00146-00179641-00180663": "why me good grief isn't it obvious your desert claw the legendary Bounty Hunter and our boss", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00147-00180663-00181496": "well D wants to be a part of that let's just see he's scouting you for our team these guys", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00148-00181496-00182609": "don't think I'm someone named desert claw that means he must be desert claw I had no", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00149-00182609-00183519": "idea he was such a big deal what is it Jaster are you feeling all right uh yeah I'm fine", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00150-00183519-00184037": "so who is it that wants to hire me exactly", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00151-00184037-00185104": "our boss Captain dog and Goa a pirate among Pirates what dorgan Goa the space pirate dorgan", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00152-00185104-00185972": "Goa you mean you guys do space travel", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00153-00185972-00186688": "of course we have big time pirates we travel all over the Galaxy I mean hunting has its", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00154-00186688-00187326": "moments but tracking down immense treasure throughout the Universe isn't half bad me", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00155-00187326-00188486": "up in space yeah I can see that not half bad at all our ship is hidden in the desert to", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00156-00188486-00189227": "the west of here why don't you meet up with us there in the desert", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00157-00189227-00189782": "well you know we had a couple of minor issues and we couldn't actually Dock at the Spaceport", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00158-00189782-00190239": "but look we'll head back to the ship first you come meet us there before tomorrow morning", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00159-00190239-00191289": "all right all right tada hey wait a minute I haven't decided yet oh you'll be there all", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00160-00191289-00192137": "right I can see it in your eyes you are made for the pirate life to find our ship you need", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00161-00192137-00192682": "to take the west gate and head straight over the desert just be sure to prepare for your", "k7Z3Y7QDbNA-00162-00192682-00193049": "journey before setting out we'll be seeing you later Tata"}}, {"audio_id": "k8pq_rS9x7u", "text": {"k8pq_rS9x7u-00000-00000065-00000401": "> http://yourid.gsniper.hop.clickbank.net <", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00001-00000401-00000972": "quincy rats uh... move to justice in the hall but and have just wanted to give", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00002-00000972-00001102": "you a quick", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00003-00001102-00001299": "uh... look at it", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00004-00001299-00001797": "to disrupt chain uh... john p eighteen manual", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00005-00001797-00002169": "and there's a whole series of the delays here it's the best face videos about", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00006-00002169-00002411": "uh... how to put the rock", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00007-00002411-00002571": "robertson clickbank", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00008-00002571-00002651": "uh...", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00009-00002651-00003208": "funded cube with succeed trail that's it's tough out codes of pre-sales", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00010-00003208-00003747": "there's a lot allot of information more", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00011-00003747-00003972": "sad", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00012-00003972-00004356": "said there's a whole lot affiliates torrance kids thrown through the", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00013-00004356-00004928": "training news but more and then has quite a comprehensive uh... penmanship", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00014-00004928-00005103": "sign sony", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00015-00005103-00005404": "seen since they've been more nvidia", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00016-00005404-00005577": "um...", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00017-00005577-00006103": "trendnet", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00018-00006103-00006334": "paint", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00019-00006334-00006770": "from joan too", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00020-00006770-00007222": "with encarta", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00021-00007222-00007395": "the syndrome is even", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00022-00007395-00007602": "wall videotron", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00023-00007602-00008120": "served outsourcing this is the main reason why the clinton smartpros", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00024-00008120-00008651": "so that our kids around helps also the first work", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00025-00008651-00009270": "so i don't have to do it myself", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00026-00009270-00009970": "spoke with aerobics", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00027-00010131-00010457": "staying", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00028-00010457-00010711": "barbara allow", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00029-00010711-00010839": "this is an island", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00030-00010839-00011135": "nearing year smart periods", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00031-00011135-00011245": "uh...", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00032-00011245-00011653": "wedges to his and up to date", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00033-00011653-00011784": "method", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00034-00011784-00011968": "uh... because", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00035-00011968-00012346": "to stop was made and two thousand on eleven", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00036-00012346-00012741": "and that it has been kind for quite some time", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00037-00012741-00013413": "and so buses held to stop at now relax team uh... two thousand twelve with", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00038-00013413-00013770": "google's recent out and the route pregnant england uk bank", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00039-00013770-00013971": "request choir you uh...", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00040-00013971-00014084": "v_c_r_", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00041-00014084-00014605": "casa themselves he's got some really good tips here a lot to graham", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00042-00014605-00015215": "to stretch your spots now so that's you can combat that and two thousand twelve", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00043-00015215-00015368": "talks about spelling", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00044-00015368-00015584": "conspire in", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00045-00015584-00015865": "silent on can", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00046-00015865-00016323": "some really good information", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00047-00016323-00016652": "i have remember how much i trust me i think it's fucked up forty bucks it's", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00048-00016652-00016885": "not that uh...", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00049-00016885-00017428": "uh... and office is quite interesting as well just recently i lost trust thirties", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00050-00017428-00017587": "nato people", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00051-00017587-00017768": "reviews uh...", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00052-00017768-00018468": "total who uh... using she would stop a and pete give some um... helpful and so", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00053-00018531-00018983": "you could take some of the science side that could be corporate for solviva", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00054-00018983-00019528": "justin's father this process there are about five lost his studies", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00055-00019528-00019779": "pop stuff starts in may of sorrow", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00056-00019779-00020036": "uh... system", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00057-00020036-00020559": "pops thoughts u_s_ servicemen really worth of information and and a whole lot", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00058-00020559-00021109": "more value and hear bent for church in frankfort sites argument issued a", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00059-00021109-00021633": "catch-twenty detailer could poke at some of the styles of god as a result so it's", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00060-00021633-00021851": "using google snot buck", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00061-00021851-00022313": "two point zero and what scientists koppel string", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00062-00022313-00022899": "attitude will stop mangal side charlie cable stalker two point zero manual not", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00063-00022899-00023209": "so it's quite a lot of money for", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00064-00023209-00023411": "for that smashing natives", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00065-00023411-00023635": "and uh...", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00066-00023635-00023773": "you should look at", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00067-00023773-00023976": "argument that", "k8pq_rS9x7u-00068-00023976-00024194": "bond traders video okay"}}, {"audio_id": "k9ggimyjT80", "text": {"k9ggimyjT80-00000-00002174-00002452": "DIARIES FROM THE EDGE", "k9ggimyjT80-00001-00002452-00002685": "ATHENS, GA - USA", "k9ggimyjT80-00002-00003112-00003280": "I chose Athens", "k9ggimyjT80-00003-00003284-00003591": "because their infrastructure is perfect for my training.", "k9ggimyjT80-00004-00003594-00003790": "As soon as I finish my practice over there,", "k9ggimyjT80-00005-00003793-00003917": "I can come here to do weightlifting.", "k9ggimyjT80-00006-00004180-00004358": "When I neglect the physical conditioning", "k9ggimyjT80-00007-00004361-00004491": "and stick solely to the diving practices,", "k9ggimyjT80-00008-00004495-00004740": "I get hurt in no time and end up on the mend.", "k9ggimyjT80-00009-00004831-00005062": "My goal is to stick with this regimen.", "k9ggimyjT80-00010-00005065-00005372": "If I want to train dives, I go and do that.", "k9ggimyjT80-00011-00005376-00005634": "If I want more time in the gym, I do that instead.", "k9ggimyjT80-00012-00005686-00005952": "The time I spend training in the water today", "k9ggimyjT80-00013-00005955-00006263": "is probably about a third of what I once spent.", "k9ggimyjT80-00014-00006350-00006604": "As the years went by,", "k9ggimyjT80-00015-00006608-00006919": "I reduced my pool time and increased my gym time.", "k9ggimyjT80-00016-00006922-00007133": "That's the equilibrium I established", "k9ggimyjT80-00017-00007137-00007285": "to keep going for all these years.", "k9ggimyjT80-00018-00008706-00008915": "Today's a special day at our pool", "k9ggimyjT80-00019-00008919-00009279": "because it's Laura's last day ever practicing here.", "k9ggimyjT80-00020-00009282-00009459": "The pool will be closed for renovations on the 26th,", "k9ggimyjT80-00021-00009462-00009975": "and so we'll move our training to a different location.", "k9ggimyjT80-00022-00010042-00010331": "She's getting ready to compete in the Olympic Trials,", "k9ggimyjT80-00023-00010334-00010605": "which is her chance to qualify.", "k9ggimyjT80-00024-00010608-00010825": "If she qualifies for that spot in the Olympics,", "k9ggimyjT80-00025-00010829-00010978": "we'll start training over at Georgia Tech.", "k9ggimyjT80-00026-00010981-00011192": "If she doesn't qualify,", "k9ggimyjT80-00027-00011195-00011397": "she'll call it a wrap on her career.", "k9ggimyjT80-00028-00011457-00011762": "I mean, she's retiring one way or the other,", "k9ggimyjT80-00029-00011765-00011945": "but she can wrap it up at the Olympics", "k9ggimyjT80-00030-00011949-00012206": "or sooner, at the Olympic Trials.", "k9ggimyjT80-00031-00016252-00016594": "This is where I rest.", "k9ggimyjT80-00032-00016746-00017051": "Super simple. It's where I spend the week.", "k9ggimyjT80-00033-00017100-00017402": "It's where I rest.", "k9ggimyjT80-00034-00017406-00017642": "It's all very straightforward.", "k9ggimyjT80-00035-00017645-00017887": "It's no trouble at all to get the place tidied up.", "k9ggimyjT80-00036-00017891-00018108": "I come in, sleep and cook some food.", "k9ggimyjT80-00037-00018112-00018515": "My weekdays here in Athens are mostly like that.", "k9ggimyjT80-00038-00018519-00018696": "Very practical.", "k9ggimyjT80-00039-00018699-00019044": "Wherever I can maximize my efficiency, I do.", "k9ggimyjT80-00040-00019047-00019197": "The most important factor", "k9ggimyjT80-00041-00019200-00019418": "is how close I am to the university.", "k9ggimyjT80-00042-00019421-00019570": "When I was picking out a place,", "k9ggimyjT80-00043-00019574-00019756": "I told myself I wanted a location", "k9ggimyjT80-00044-00019760-00019909": "from which I could get there quick", "k9ggimyjT80-00045-00019913-00020096": "and come back quick too.", "k9ggimyjT80-00046-00020568-00020758": "As for my weekly schedule,", "k9ggimyjT80-00047-00020761-00020976": "I come in early Monday morning.", "k9ggimyjT80-00048-00020979-00021150": "I sleep in Atlanta on Sunday", "k9ggimyjT80-00049-00021153-00021378": "and make my way here real early on Monday.", "k9ggimyjT80-00050-00021381-00021695": "I spend my Mondays and Tuesdays here,", "k9ggimyjT80-00051-00021698-00021881": "and following Tuesday's afternoon practice,", "k9ggimyjT80-00052-00021885-00022242": "I go back to Atlanta, where I spend the night.", "k9ggimyjT80-00053-00022246-00022525": "On Wednesday mornings,", "k9ggimyjT80-00054-00022529-00022792": "I tend to work out in Atlanta,", "k9ggimyjT80-00055-00022926-00023181": "and after that workout, I go back to Athens,", "k9ggimyjT80-00056-00023185-00023334": "where I spend Wednesday afternoon,", "k9ggimyjT80-00057-00023337-00023470": "Thursday and Friday.", "k9ggimyjT80-00058-00023474-00023713": "Following my Friday practice,", "k9ggimyjT80-00059-00023717-00024005": "I go back to Atlanta and spend the weekend there.", "k9ggimyjT80-00060-00024009-00024124": "On Saturday mornings,", "k9ggimyjT80-00061-00024127-00024384": "I wrap up my training working out in Atlanta too.", "k9ggimyjT80-00062-00024388-00024811": "My weeks are split between Athens and Atlanta", "k9ggimyjT80-00063-00024814-00025013": "to balance it all out.", "k9ggimyjT80-00064-00025017-00025175": "It's important for me", "k9ggimyjT80-00065-00025178-00025507": "not to spend too much time away from Sabrina.", "k9ggimyjT80-00066-00025507-00025802": "ATLANTA, GA - USA", "k9ggimyjT80-00067-00027059-00027382": "Unfortunately, I won't be able to make the trip.", "k9ggimyjT80-00068-00027386-00027538": "Why not?", "k9ggimyjT80-00069-00027541-00027723": "You tell them!", "k9ggimyjT80-00070-00027816-00028158": "Sabrina's 3 months pregnant.", "k9ggimyjT80-00071-00028162-00028669": "As a precautionary measure, what with Zika and all,", "k9ggimyjT80-00072-00028672-00028971": "she couldn't go to Brazil, so she's staying here.", "k9ggimyjT80-00073-00028974-00029129": "It's not just Zika, really.", "k9ggimyjT80-00074-00029132-00029458": "When I thought it would be just one baby...", "k9ggimyjT80-00075-00029458-00029696": "There's that, too!", "k9ggimyjT80-00076-00029699-00029923": "When it seemed like just one,", "k9ggimyjT80-00077-00029926-00030097": "I figured I'd just be careful about that Zika", "k9ggimyjT80-00078-00030101-00030343": "and I'd still go with him, even if just briefly.", "k9ggimyjT80-00079-00030346-00030638": "However, once we found out we're having two kids...", "k9ggimyjT80-00080-00030905-00031124": "Then I decided: \"Okay, no.\"", "k9ggimyjT80-00081-00031124-00031285": "It wasn't just me, either.", "k9ggimyjT80-00082-00031288-00031515": "The doctor told me I couldn't go.", "k9ggimyjT80-00083-00031606-00031795": "When we're pregnant with twins,", "k9ggimyjT80-00084-00031799-00032019": "the physical limitations kick in sooner.", "k9ggimyjT80-00085-00032022-00032389": "Starting on the 24th week, I can't travel abroad", "k9ggimyjT80-00086-00032393-00032641": "and I have to be close to the hospital,", "k9ggimyjT80-00087-00032644-00032809": "in case anything comes up.", "k9ggimyjT80-00088-00032813-00032999": "So I won't make it to see him."}}, {"audio_id": "k9guBjh70xu", "text": {"k9guBjh70xu-00000-00002744-00003087": "Devon has created some very unusual", "k9guBjh70xu-00001-00003087-00003452": "movement in her leaf structure.", "k9guBjh70xu-00002-00003452-00003636": "I'm going to hold yours up.", "k9guBjh70xu-00003-00003636-00004029": "So we have Bree", "k9guBjh70xu-00004-00004029-00004470": "following the striations in the", "k9guBjh70xu-00005-00004470-00004768": "beach leaf but we also have", "k9guBjh70xu-00006-00004768-00005030": "a very painterly effect of", "k9guBjh70xu-00007-00005030-00005303": "Renoir in Devon. She", "k9guBjh70xu-00008-00005303-00005521": "is moving it up like this.", "k9guBjh70xu-00009-00005521-00005905": "Kaitlin's strokes are more", "k9guBjh70xu-00010-00005905-00006124": "vertical but they are very", "k9guBjh70xu-00011-00006124-00006305": "impressionistic.  There is", "k9guBjh70xu-00012-00006305-00006484": "tremendous movement in both of", "k9guBjh70xu-00013-00006484-00006730": "these and Renoir as an artist", "k9guBjh70xu-00014-00006730-00006934": "created much move movement", "k9guBjh70xu-00015-00006934-00007414": "in his work than Monet did.", "k9guBjh70xu-00016-00007414-00007513": "Okay."}}, {"audio_id": "k9s7ReX70BI", "text": {"k9s7ReX70BI-00000-00000000-00004100": "🌟 🇺🇸 Suit Sailor Sailor Children's — Shop GrandStart.ru 🌟"}}, {"audio_id": "k9vf4WAIO6o", "text": {"k9vf4WAIO6o-00000-00000000-00000200": "HI", "k9vf4WAIO6o-00001-00002400-00002600": "IM A VERIFED EASY VERSION LEVEL DECODY"}}, {"audio_id": "k9JTdKVIB70", "text": {"k9JTdKVIB70-00000-00000019-00000441": "SpaceX is launching a super secret satellite known as ZUMA.", "k9JTdKVIB70-00001-00000441-00000541": "What is ZUMA?", "k9JTdKVIB70-00002-00000541-00000674": "Let's find out.", "k9JTdKVIB70-00003-00000884-00001248": "This is an interesting story to talk about because everyone's been scrambling to figure", "k9JTdKVIB70-00004-00001249-00001686": "out what this secret satellite that SpaceX is launching for the US Government is.", "k9JTdKVIB70-00005-00001686-00001805": "It's called ZUMA.", "k9JTdKVIB70-00006-00001805-00002345": "Now don't confuse this with a Mazda car, zoom zoom, or that deliciously disgusting alcohol", "k9JTdKVIB70-00007-00002345-00002815": "from the 90's, known as Zima, this is entirely different but here's what we do know.", "k9JTdKVIB70-00008-00002815-00003315": "ZUMA first popped up on the public's radar when the FCC filed paperwork on October 14th,", "k9JTdKVIB70-00009-00003315-00003415": "2017.", "k9JTdKVIB70-00010-00003415-00003785": "SpaceX didn't even publicly acknowledge the launch until after the static fire of their", "k9JTdKVIB70-00011-00003785-00004008": "Falcon 9 leading up to the launch.", "k9JTdKVIB70-00012-00004008-00004162": "We only know a few other things.", "k9JTdKVIB70-00013-00004162-00004676": "We know the payload was built by Northrup Grumman and the mission was labeled \"government.\"", "k9JTdKVIB70-00014-00004676-00005103": "It might be fairly urgent as it was given a launch window needed of November 1st through", "k9JTdKVIB70-00015-00005103-00005348": "November 30th of this year.", "k9JTdKVIB70-00016-00005348-00005835": "At this point no government agency has claimed the satellite which leads to further secrecy.", "k9JTdKVIB70-00017-00005835-00006071": "We also know where this is going in space.", "k9JTdKVIB70-00018-00006071-00006487": "It's heading to low Earth orbit at a 51.6 degree inclination.", "k9JTdKVIB70-00019-00006487-00006959": "SpaceX had set two launch windows one on the 15th at 8:00 p.m. Eastern local and then they", "k9JTdKVIB70-00020-00006959-00007262": "set another one after a scrub on the 16th.", "k9JTdKVIB70-00021-00007262-00007678": "And then they even actually had a third one on the table for a minute, but then they pulled", "k9JTdKVIB70-00022-00007678-00008256": "that attempt stating this; \"We have decided to stand down and take a closer look at data", "k9JTdKVIB70-00023-00008256-00008681": "from recent fairing testing for another customer.Though we've preserved the range opportunity for", "k9JTdKVIB70-00024-00008681-00009200": "tomorrow, we'll take the time needed to complete the data review and then confirm a new launch", "k9JTdKVIB70-00025-00009200-00009300": "date.\"", "k9JTdKVIB70-00026-00009300-00009759": "but for now, no new launch date has been set and we'll see if this delay has any effect", "k9JTdKVIB70-00027-00009759-00009895": "on Falcon Heavy.", "k9JTdKVIB70-00028-00009895-00010347": "Now don't forget ZUMA, the ZUMA satellite is launching from Pad 39A, which is also the", "k9JTdKVIB70-00029-00010347-00010703": "same launch pad that SpaceX is preparing for Falcon Heavy.", "k9JTdKVIB70-00030-00010703-00011180": "So while they're waiting for ZUMA, there's basically day that ZUMA gets delayed it probably", "k9JTdKVIB70-00031-00011180-00011522": "is pushing back the initial flight of Falcon Heavy.", "k9JTdKVIB70-00032-00011522-00011894": "So we'll have to see, so hopefully this thing gets off the ground very soon.", "k9JTdKVIB70-00033-00011894-00012225": "I'm hoping sometime this week, so we'll see!", "k9JTdKVIB70-00034-00012225-00012458": "Um now what do you think ZUMA is?", "k9JTdKVIB70-00035-00012458-00012835": "Let us know in the comments below and we like your comment it might actually end up in next", "k9JTdKVIB70-00036-00012835-00013266": "week's live show, or in the week after that because there's a delay, but anyway!", "k9JTdKVIB70-00037-00013266-00013766": "Join us every Saturday at 18:00 UTC by subscribing to TMRO.", "k9JTdKVIB70-00038-00013766-00013906": "Well that's gonna do it for me.", "k9JTdKVIB70-00039-00013906-00014069": "I'm Tim Dodd, the Everyday Astronaut.", "k9JTdKVIB70-00040-00014069-00014216": "Bringing space down to Earth for everyday people."}}, {"audio_id": "k9TgodfrgQo", "text": {"k9TgodfrgQo-00000-00000392-00000548": "What concerns me most", "k9TgodfrgQo-00001-00000564-00000800": "is that we are using products", "k9TgodfrgQo-00002-00000816-00000968": "that do not biodegrade.", "k9TgodfrgQo-00003-00001472-00001744": "A cigarette filter, a piece of chewing gum.", "k9TgodfrgQo-00004-00001760-00001916": "All our plastic bottles,", "k9TgodfrgQo-00005-00001932-00002108": "disposable cups - all that stuff.", "k9TgodfrgQo-00006-00002124-00002440": "If it gets into the environment, it does not biodegrade.", "k9TgodfrgQo-00007-00002656-00002816": "We separate our rubbish", "k9TgodfrgQo-00008-00002832-00003048": "and throw it into the right bins,", "k9TgodfrgQo-00009-00003064-00003476": "and we think, OK, a disposable coffee cup is not the best,", "k9TgodfrgQo-00010-00003492-00003692": "but if we dispose of it properly,", "k9TgodfrgQo-00011-00003708-00004011": "we've done everything right - after all, it will be recycled.", "k9TgodfrgQo-00012-00004028-00004336": "But in fact we are kidding ourselves,", "k9TgodfrgQo-00013-00004352-00004712": "because a lot of the rubbish we generate doesn't stay here", "k9TgodfrgQo-00014-00004728-00004960": "but ends up somewhere else in the world.", "k9TgodfrgQo-00015-00005524-00005984": "We use certain parts of the world", "k9TgodfrgQo-00016-00006000-00006256": "as our private waste dump -", "k9TgodfrgQo-00017-00006272-00006431": "but we close our eyes to the fact", "k9TgodfrgQo-00018-00006448-00006804": "because the industry lobby successfully pulls the wool over our eyes", "k9TgodfrgQo-00019-00006820-00007052": "and tells us that we are so good at recycling.", "k9TgodfrgQo-00020-00007316-00007764": "What was once a by-product", "k9TgodfrgQo-00021-00007780-00007992": "has become a sales hit.", "k9TgodfrgQo-00022-00008008-00008380": "Especially for the petrochemical industry,", "k9TgodfrgQo-00023-00008396-00008904": "which realized that it could make cheap plastics", "k9TgodfrgQo-00024-00008920-00009272": "out of petroleum and natural gas.", "k9TgodfrgQo-00025-00010232-00010628": "The petrochemicals industry is naturally very interested", "k9TgodfrgQo-00026-00010644-00010992": "in jacking up demand for plastics.", "k9TgodfrgQo-00027-00011008-00011428": "Cheap oil and gas", "k9TgodfrgQo-00028-00011444-00011812": "push the six biggest producers -", "k9TgodfrgQo-00029-00011828-00012164": "including ExxonMobil, BASF in Germany,", "k9TgodfrgQo-00030-00012180-00012516": "Eni in Italy and Ineos in Britain -", "k9TgodfrgQo-00031-00012532-00012868": "to do everything they can to stimulate demand for plastic.", "k9TgodfrgQo-00032-00014516-00014876": "When it comes to solutions for the plastics crisis,", "k9TgodfrgQo-00033-00014891-00015100": "we are hearing more and more", "k9TgodfrgQo-00034-00015116-00015372": "that \"we must increase how much we recycle\".", "k9TgodfrgQo-00035-00015388-00015572": "Well, that's true: we have to do that.", "k9TgodfrgQo-00036-00015588-00016188": "We must continually reuse valuable raw materials in a circular economy,", "k9TgodfrgQo-00037-00016204-00016408": "because resources worldwide are scarce,", "k9TgodfrgQo-00038-00016424-00017000": "and because we are currently polluting the planet, the soil and water with plastic.", "k9TgodfrgQo-00039-00017016-00017256": "That makes recycling very important.", "k9TgodfrgQo-00040-00017328-00017484": "But that does not change the fact", "k9TgodfrgQo-00041-00017500-00017920": "that we have to tackle the root causes of the problem.", "k9TgodfrgQo-00042-00017936-00018100": "As long as we continue to act", "k9TgodfrgQo-00043-00018116-00018488": "as if it is just a question of sensible, effective recycling,", "k9TgodfrgQo-00044-00018504-00018896": "we are just swallowing the propaganda of companies", "k9TgodfrgQo-00045-00018912-00019240": "that merely want to sell yet more plastic.", "k9TgodfrgQo-00046-00022048-00022392": "We have to hit the streets,", "k9TgodfrgQo-00047-00022524-00022684": "to make ourselves heard.", "k9TgodfrgQo-00048-00022700-00023156": "We have to show the frustration that we all have", "k9TgodfrgQo-00049-00023172-00023416": "so that people start to realize the situation.", "k9TgodfrgQo-00050-00023432-00023640": "At the same time, it is important", "k9TgodfrgQo-00051-00023656-00024016": "that we don't think of ourselves just as consumers", "k9TgodfrgQo-00052-00024032-00024260": "but also as political actors,", "k9TgodfrgQo-00053-00024276-00024524": "who have an interest", "k9TgodfrgQo-00054-00024540-00024916": "in stopping the production of plastic at the source.", "k9TgodfrgQo-00055-00024932-00025156": "The polluters must be made to pay", "k9TgodfrgQo-00056-00025172-00025584": "for the environmental damage their products are causing.", "k9TgodfrgQo-00057-00025600-00026032": "Oil and gas producers, the petrochemicals industry,", "k9TgodfrgQo-00058-00026048-00026360": "must start to pay levies on oil and gas.", "k9TgodfrgQo-00059-00026376-00026652": "These are important political decisions", "k9TgodfrgQo-00060-00026668-00027088": "that we as consumers must demand.", "k9TgodfrgQo-00061-00027104-00027676": "There is the impression that we can solve the plastics crisis", "k9TgodfrgQo-00062-00027692-00028072": "merely by banning single-use plastics and not using plastic bags.", "k9TgodfrgQo-00063-00028088-00028236": "That is not the case at all."}}, {"audio_id": "k9ZTpiU0P6U", "text": {"k9ZTpiU0P6U-00000-00000006-00000629": "Welcome back to the channel. So today I'm on one of my online servers and I", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00001-00000629-00001080": "have a plugin that I have built for a client, and I want to be able to send", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00002-00001080-00001623": "them updates where they just click the simple update now button and everything", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00003-00001623-00002121": "will work well, depending on the versions of course I'm using SemVer, the", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00004-00002121-00002739": "semantic versioning, so let's say if I do a minor updates to one of the things", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00005-00002739-00003159": "that I'm doing for them, one of let's say the content types", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00006-00003159-00003621": "and I'm adding a little feature, they should be able to just click update now", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00007-00003621-00004157": "and use that, without me having to go in and login into their system and then", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00008-00004157-00004598": "doing the whole update. I was searching online and I found this update manager", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00009-00004598-00005109": "that's written by code potent, he's a brilliant guy, you need to check that out,", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00010-00005109-00005526": "what he's doing. And what I'm going to do is I'm going to just go to the", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00011-00005526-00006102": "releases that he has, and I'm going to get the latest, so I'll just download", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00012-00006102-00006714": "this, and while that's downloading that will be very helpful. So what I'll do is", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00013-00006714-00007361": "I'm going to just go to the link here so that I can just follow step by step of", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00014-00007361-00007943": "how I can actually use this. So I'm as green as you are, but let's see where", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00015-00007943-00008274": "this leads, let's see if we can actually do it. We", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00016-00008274-00008822": "actually have to add this class inside our file, so that's what I'm going to", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00017-00008822-00009495": "look at. I'm going to go into the plug-in, please never edit your sites", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00018-00009495-00010532": "live, it's not really encouraged, okay so classes I already added it, so I have to", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00019-00010532-00011196": "add it in my plug-in in a file called classes, and then the PHP file is", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00020-00011196-00011965": "what I need to edit, and I'm just going to make a few changes here omukiguy.", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00021-00012465-00013107": "I'll use my own server mediauganda, which is going to be my other server, this is a plugin and", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00022-00013107-00013758": "then I'll click update, and successful we don't have any issues whatsoever.", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00023-00013758-00014379": "Of course I was warned before that I'm supposed to have ClassicPress version", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00024-00014379-00015710": "here, my plugin is currently on version 1.0, so let me set that up and my site.", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00025-00015952-00016738": "Okay so I'm inside what's going to be my server side which is my host, I'm going", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00026-00016738-00017478": "to add the new plugin for the update manager itself that we downloaded", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00027-00017492-00018203": "here, install it and we have our plugin it's active, we need to activate the", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00028-00018203-00018959": "plug-in next, and we see that it brings a small update manager, in our admin section", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00029-00018959-00019574": "we have a new Update Manager, it talks about the plugins themes and transients, it talks", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00030-00019574-00020323": "about deactivating, managing endpoints, so let's just see what that is all about,", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00031-00020323-00020939": "endpoints I don't have any new plugins whatsoever here, we're doing to have to have a new", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00032-00020939-00021560": "plug-in so I'm going to call this \"Dikopajo Loans\" so that I can manage it, it's", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00033-00021560-00022345": "inside a folder dikopajo/loans, yeah that's the file name, so what I'm going to do is", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00034-00022345-00022988": "add a version 1, requires version 0 so that people don't just jump, if I have", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00035-00022988-00023522": "breaking changes I can be able to restrict that. So I'm going to add a", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00036-00023522-00024404": "download link, so let me go to my github account, I'll look for dikopajo loans, so", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00037-00024404-00025032": "my dikopajo loans right now has no releases, it has only one release", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00038-00025032-00025850": "which is 1.0, but I'm going to draft a new release. What happens is whenever you zip a", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00039-00025850-00026654": "file on github, it automatically adds the name of the particular branch", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00040-00026654-00027395": "that you'e on. So what I want is I just want to have loans, only just the loans,", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00041-00027395-00027958": "I just don't have the name master on it, I'm going to actually just zip this, so archive", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00042-00027958-00028631": "it, zip, so at the end of the day when I'm uploading my release I'm just", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00043-00028631-00029455": "going to drop this file in here so that it has that unique URL on it.", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00044-00029455-00030152": "In any other case I would still do a simple add the proper release link that", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00045-00030152-00030872": "comes on, but I want to do everything uniquely so that in the future when I am", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00046-00030872-00031489": "uploading I need to keep my file names similar. So you see if you look down here", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00047-00031489-00032164": "you're going to see the links are different. If I look at this it has 1.0.1,", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00048-00032164-00032480": "so it will effectively be downloading another", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00049-00032480-00032951": "plug-in altogether not the same. So I need to use this link right here, so what", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00050-00032951-00033404": "I will do that is I'll copy the link location, come back and then just paste", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00051-00033404-00034778": "this here in my zip, then I'll say version 1.0.1 is better, that's not what I want to", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00052-00034778-00035294": "do, but that will make sense. So what I want to do is I want to only test on", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00053-00035294-00035861": "particular domains, I probably want to test this update before I send it out to", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00054-00035861-00036266": "any other domains anywhere. So what I'm going to do is I'm going to set up a", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00055-00036266-00036965": "testing domain, and then I'll leave it like that, and then I'll just say leave", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00056-00036965-00037664": "me a message in case there are any issues. So I'm going to publish this, and", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00057-00037664-00038387": "once it's published, so let's just look at this again, they've told us we need", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00058-00038387-00039224": "ClassicPress, PHP 5.6 and earlier, set up a plugin to work this, install on your site,", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00059-00039224-00039782": "add file in your own plugin, create an endpoint, test the endpoint in the browser,", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00060-00039782-00040328": "test the Update on an actual site, publish the endpoint. Okay so what we are going", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00061-00040328-00040925": "to do is we're going to view the endpoint, the endpoint is actually okay", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00062-00040925-00041834": "it's there, let me just reload here, yes and now we have an update so this", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00063-00041834-00042419": "actually works. So if I click update now that should be able to download the new", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00064-00042419-00043034": "version and then, you can push on alpha, you can push a beta, release candidate", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00065-00043034-00043547": "and all of that, it's possible, you can add your own custom images to make it", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00066-00043547-00043990": "look good, and I can see a number of people have", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00067-00043990-00044746": "actually used this in different places, so that's how we serve our plugins, if", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00068-00044746-00045226": "you wanted to add themes you can do that as well and everything would work out", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00069-00045226-00045901": "well. So give this a try, let code potent know whether you've", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00070-00045901-00046465": "been able to utilize this in the best way and enjoy. Thank you for watching the", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00071-00046465-00047053": "video, give it a thumbs up if you liked it, subscribe to the channel if you've", "k9ZTpiU0P6U-00072-00047053-00047637": "not yet and enjoy yourself. Keep yourself safe."}}, {"audio_id": "kq4ZfwWYBOu", "text": {"kq4ZfwWYBOu-00000-00000000-00001952": "[Sottotitoli a cura di Irene \"Lunachiara\"]", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00001-00002036-00003170": "Ladies and gentlemen, welcome back to the channel, with our usual weekly appointment. In this third chapter of \"The Chronicles of Inka the Spider\", our writer", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00002-00003170-00004247": "will have to deal with an Archon who for a long time, has been the victim of mockery and dissent from the other mutable beings of his peers. But if it is true that on the", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00003-00004247-00005340": "planet at the center of the universe anything is possible, even in this case, the most insignificant being that will represent the weak link of the entire expedition created to", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00004-00005340-00006322": "be able to open the Crypts, will prove, thanks also to a little help and in his own way, a key servant for the whole team.", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00005-00006322-00007022": "From the pen of Nate French, here is \"Once upon a time there was a Goblin\". Let's take a look!", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00006-00007297-00008628": "For months, the archon known as “She Who Commands the Chosen” had been the laughingstock of all the competitors in the 347th sector of the Crucible. “An easy win,”", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00007-00008628-00010152": "some called her, while others claimed she was not even worth practicing against. In any event, she was a non-entity, and no threat to the Æmber-potential of the other", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00008-00010152-00011773": "teams. A few weeks back, that started to change. Why? Because she came to me. Generally, I do scouting reports on other archons for my clients, but for this job She", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00009-00011773-00012628": "Who Commands the Chosen had asked me to scout her own team, and tell her what needed to change…", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00010-00012941-00014412": "O n the inside Harry’s sleeping, on the outside Harry’s eating, in the morning Harry’s mean and— every evening—Harry’s eating. Every evening Harry’s eating. In eating", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00011-00014412-00015801": "anything arresting, in eating anything he’s counting, in eating there is retribution, in eating there is consummation, in eating there is shortage and everything’s been taken", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00012-00015801-00017400": "Harry’s pinching. All the stomachs are stalled and all the Æmber’s been eaten and all the mellow inspiration grand. All digestion’s digesting. This makes candy. Bland.”", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00013-00017506-00018867": "Pingle the goblin was doing what he did best: annoy. He danced across the battlefield, calling out in his high sing-song voice, improvising a chant that fell somewhere", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00014-00018867-00020426": "between the realms of sense and nonsense. His efforts were directed at the opposing archon, Harrison the Omnipotent Maw, in an attempt to cause it, or one of its followers,", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00015-00020426-00022106": "to make a rash mistake. More often than not, they bit. “Hey gobbo!” A thunderous voice called out, and a hulking serpentine figure with menacing bat like wings crested", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00016-00022106-00023753": "a nearby hill. “Ya wanna get scooped?” “Sure thing! I’ll take two!” Pingle taunted back, and reached into his pouch to pull out a giant rot grub’s egg. He loved these things.", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00017-00023753-00025379": "Just beneath the eggshell was a thin layer of protective fluid that was simultaneously sticky and just a wee bit acidic. And it stunk to high hell. It was quite difficult to be hit", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00018-00025379-00026890": "by a giant rot grub’s egg and not be annoyed. SHPLATT! They didn’t call him “The Sniper” for nothing. The egging wouldn’t do any serious damage, but the effect was", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00019-00026890-00028109": "predictable. “OH! Now you’ve done it, gobbo!” The swamp devil roared, rushing across the field and wiping egg from its face.", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00020-00028109-00029543": "Pingle was already running, back into the upside-down forest, ducking beneath the tripwire he had set. The pursuing creature ran through the wire, and the horns Pingle", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00021-00029543-00031200": "had rigged to the trees sounded out. Perfect! The trolls should be on their way just about… THWOMP! Pingle ducked at the last moment, narrowly avoiding the swipe of", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00022-00031200-00032481": "the creature’s claws, and danced behind an upside-down tree. Where were those trolls? He reached into his pouch for a second egg, but thought better of it as another,", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00023-00032481-00033795": "even bigger and uglier (if that were possible) swamp devil emerged from a nearby ravine. He dropped the egg back into his pouch, turned tail, and ran toward his archon’s", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00024-00033795-00035281": "command post. There was a good chance he’d run into the trolls coming from that direction, and there was no way he was taking on two swamp devils by himself! As he", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00025-00035281-00036762": "sprinted through the woods, he came across the fallen bodies of his troll teammates. Something had gotten to them. He was on his own now. The swamp devils were in", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00026-00036762-00038242": "pursuit, but they were slowed a bit by the hanging trees, and he was able to stay just out of their reach. If he could get to the command post at the base of the hill in the", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00027-00038242-00039763": "center of the forest, the defenders there could protect him. So he ran, and the creatures followed. Strange. They’re usually faster than that, Pingle thought, but he", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00028-00039763-00041022": "wasn’t about to question his luck. He ducked beneath the top of a poisonous upside-down willow, and the command post was in sight. His archon, She Who Commands", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00029-00041022-00042588": "the Chosen, was there, rapidly preparing a batch of Æmber for shaping. The defenders were nowhere in sight. Upon seeing the archon, the swamp devils accelerated. Pingle", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00030-00042588-00044008": "dove behind a boulder to get out of their way, and the devils raced past without a second thought. Realizing his mistake, Pingle pulled another egg from his pouch, and", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00031-00044008-00045495": "splattered it across the scaled back of the second swamp devil, right between its wings. Bullseye! But to no avail. The devils disrupted the forging ritual, captured the", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00032-00045495-00046869": "Æmber, and raced off into the woods. She Who Commands the Chosen looked at Pingle, a look of—disappointment? no, it was annoyance—on her face.", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00033-00046869-00048318": "He shrugged. What did she expect him to do? Moments later, the archon’s mystical forge evaporated, and a triumphant bellow sounded from the direction of the ravine.", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00034-00048318-00049417": "The contest was over. Harrison the Omnipotent Maw had forged its third key and would eat well tonight.", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00035-00049417-00050483": "She Who Commands the Chosen—the only archon who had ever given Pingle a chance—had lost. Again.", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00036-00050483-00051831": "That night, as I was spinning a web above the team in a clearing, I could tell that morale was low. It wasn’t just the tenth loss in a row—three of which I had scouted.", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00037-00051831-00052410": "It was the common denominator in the losses: Pingle.", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00038-00052410-00054078": "“Can someone explain to me,” steamed She Who Commands the Chosen, “how an entire Brobnar warband can be destroyed in a single melee?” “They had devils, boss,”", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00039-00054078-00055267": "answered the troll that was connected to her via glowing tendrils of Æmber light. Archonic restoration was one of the many civilities that had been built into the ritual", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00040-00055267-00056522": "of the contest: while it could sometimes turn violent on the field of battle, none of the casualties were permanent, as the competing archons had spoken a vow in the", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00041-00056522-00057342": "Architects’ name to restore the vitality of any of their team who might fall in competition.", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00042-00057342-00058629": "“Besides,” said the other troll, who had just been restored and was propped up against a boulder, clearing the cobwebs from its head. “It weren’t the whole Brobnar band.", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00043-00058629-00060469": "We did have one survivor.” The troll glared across the clearing at Pingle. “Survival of the fittest, lumphead,” Pingle shot back. “I’ll show you a lumphead,” the troll grunted", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00044-00060469-00062234": "and tried to rise, stumbled once, twice, and tottered back to a sitting position. The side-effects of the recovery took a few hours to wear off. “But maybe in the morning.”", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00045-00062234-00063721": "“If you think you can live through a night’s sleep,” Pingle spat. “The whole lot of you are better at dying than anything else worth talking about. If you showed up where you", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00046-00063721-00065207": "were supposed to be today, we might’ve even won!” The troll hung its head. Pingle took pride in his survivability, and was often praised by the archon for his resilience, as", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00047-00065207-00066585": "it was one of the sole bright spots on the team. The other team members had mixed feelings about this, ranging from bitterness and resentment when they felt that they", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00048-00066585-00067954": "were doing all the dirty work, to humiliation and shame when they were down and didn’t feel that they could do anything right. I couldn’t remain silent any longer.", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00049-00067954-00069483": "I threaded my way down from the branch above the archon and whispered in her ear. The archon paused, as if she hadn’t considered this seemingly obvious point.", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00050-00069483-00070834": "“It’s worth a try. I’ll talk to him,” she said. I climbed my way back up—down?—the upside-down tree, to put the finishing touches on my web.", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00051-00070834-00071400": "A spider had to make do with what she could, in the wild.", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00052-00071693-00073107": "“Destruction is temporary, pride is forever,” I whispered in Pingle’s ear, riding upon his shoulder as he crept through the underbrush behind enemy lines.", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00053-00073107-00074616": "“I suppose I can admit it to you, spider-writer: I’m scared.” “What’s there to be scared of? The archon will bring you back afterward.” “I’ve never been destroyed before. And it", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00054-00074616-00075759": "doesn’t sound pleasant. The consecutive match survival streak, my seemingly unnatural ability to avoid enemy combatants…it’s all because I’m scared of being", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00055-00075759-00077251": "destroyed.” “You mean you’ve never…?” “Not once. Can’t say I’m looking forward to it.” Pingle shuddered, and I had to flex a couple extra legs to keep my balance.", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00056-00077251-00078726": "“What did the archon say to you?” I asked. “She gave me a long-winded idealistic speech about sacrifice, bravery, and the lack of ‘I’ in team. None of it sunk in. But then", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00057-00078726-00080181": "she said if I didn’t sacrifice myself for the greater good in today’s match, I’d be on cooking-pot scrubbery for the next four cycles. And…yeah. No thank you!” “So here we", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00058-00080181-00082066": "are.” “Yes ma’am. Here we are.” “Destruction is temporary…” “Pride is forever.” Pingle gulped. “So I hear.” The team was competing against Boss Zarek, the most dominant", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00059-00082066-00083400": "archon in the area. He hadn’t lost a Vault in nearly three cycles, and the minions that followed him made the swamp devils of the Omnipotent Maw pale in comparison.", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00060-00083400-00084841": "It occurred to me that Pingle might not have to try very hard to get himself destroyed. “Once upon a time, once upon a pony, once upon a rhyme, Boss Zarek’s just a —”", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00061-00084841-00086254": "A monster known only as “The Terror” loomed up, a massive insectile creature that was every bit as terrifying as its name might imply. Even I was impressed by the speed", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00062-00086254-00087876": "with which it had tracked and located Pingle. “…phony.” Pingle completed his rhyme, and the thing clicked its pincers at him. Next thing I knew, we were running for the", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00063-00087876-00089157": "safety of the nearby caverns. The Terror would not be able to follow Pingle through the smaller openings, and there was a chance he might survive the battle in there.", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00064-00089157-00090790": "“Pingle!” I hissed in his ear. “Stop! Destruction is temporary! Pride is forever!” He kept running. Maybe even sped up a bit. “Remember what the archon said…you have to", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00065-00090790-00092227": "stand your ground! Confront The Terror!” It was as if I wasn’t even there, and Pingle was getting closer and closer to the caves. It’s times like these that an old spider-writer", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00066-00092227-00093641": "has to take matters into her own eight hands. I’m not necessarily proud of what happened next, but I’ve got client reviews and future contract opportunities to", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00067-00093641-00095010": "consider. I crept along Pingle’s collarbone to the nice juicy vein that runs along his neck. I have several kinds of venom. One will kill, one will put a victim to sleep, one will", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00068-00095010-00096752": "just slow them down and dull their senses. This was a job for the latter. I gave Pingle a nice sharp jolt of the relaxer-venom, he cried out “You dung-addled spider!” then felt his", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00069-00096752-00097970": "legs grow heavy, stumbled, and rolled to the ground. “What have you done?” he shrieked. I winked, and jumped to the safety of a nearby log.", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00070-00097970-00098795": "The Terror closed in. There’s no pretty way to describe what happened next.", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00071-00099093-00100523": "Much later, Pingle woke to the cheers of his warband. His head was groggy, but the mood around the camp was unlike anything he had experienced before. “Wha– What", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00072-00100523-00102239": "happened?” he asked. “You Architects-be-Blessed Goblin, we won!” roared one of the trolls. “All because of you,” She Who Commands the Chosen added. “The Terror ran", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00073-00102239-00103439": "you down outside of the caves but wasted far too much time on you and the Æmber you were carrying. It totally underestimated the rest of our forces, and the trolls took it", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00074-00103439-00104712": "by surprise. After routing it, they went on a roll and took out a whole battalion of knights. Momentum continued to build, and next thing you know, we pulled off the", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00075-00104712-00106659": "upset of the season!” “You mean…I was destroyed?” “Indeed you were, Pingle. How do you feel?” “Tired, sore.” He paused. “Amazing.” Pingle smiled.", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00076-00106659-00107389": "Destruction was, after all, temporary. But heroes were forever", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00077-00107462-00108705": "Finally we have discovered, even if in a small part, how the events take place in first person when a match comes to life, and the various dynamics that are created when a", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00078-00108705-00109887": "match ends. In a specific passage, the sectors of the Crucible are also mentioned for the first time, mentioning the three hundred and forty-seventh... so it is assumed that", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00079-00109887-00110971": "there are three hundred and forty-six before and many more after. What are, and above all, what do all these portions of the Crucible contain? Are they partly", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00080-00110971-00112222": "battlefields where the Archons compete? Or territories belonging to different houses? If it were like in the latter hypothesis, many surprises await us as the years go by, and", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00081-00112222-00113417": "as the game evolves, we will discover step by step, all or almost all, of the great wonders that the Crucible will have to offer us. What do you think of it? What is your", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00082-00113417-00114634": "opinion? As always, let me know in the comments. I hope that you liked the video, before saying goodbye I invite you to subscribe to the channel, activate the bell, so as", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00083-00114634-00115800": "not to miss the publication of new videos, like and comment or share this content with your friends. In addition, in the description you will find the wiki and the page of", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00084-00115800-00116983": "keyforge Italy with all the cards updated to Dark Tidings, which can be useful when during a game there will be some doubts about how to solve some effects. For each", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00085-00116983-00117844": "card there will be a dedicated section where you will find the answers you are looking for. Thank you for being in my company,", "kq4ZfwWYBOu-00086-00117844-00118146": "see you in the next video! [Sottotitoli a cura di Irene \"Lunachiara\"]"}}, {"audio_id": "kqHlmyV0Clu", "text": {"kqHlmyV0Clu-00000-00000048-00000451": "The Teaching Privacy project aims to explain how online privacy works.", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00001-00000451-00001030": "On our website, TeachingPrivacy.org,  you will find ten principles", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00002-00001030-00001251": "for protecting your online privacy.", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00003-00001251-00001778": "Our first principle is “Your information footprint is larger than you think.”", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00004-00001778-00002217": "Whenever digital devices communicate, for example, when your cell phone calls a number,", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00005-00002217-00002647": "your web browser visits a website, or you swipe your credit card at a parking meter,", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00006-00002647-00003035": "both ends keep a log of what happened.", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00007-00003035-00003509": "This is similar to your bank keeping track of all transactions on your account.", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00008-00003509-00003936": "Digital devices are part of our lives, but many people underestimate how much information", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00009-00003936-00004129": "can be reconstructed from them.", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00010-00004129-00004496": "For example, the moment you wake up in the morning, your electrical meter may log your", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00011-00004496-00004890": "increased usage and send the information to your local electric company.", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00012-00004890-00005281": "This allows them to learn your daily routine, including when you usually leave the house.", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00013-00005281-00005748": "Your DVR will report which programs you recorded overnight to your cable provider, who may", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00014-00005748-00006136": "use this information for their own marketing, or may resell it.", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00015-00006136-00006503": "And the car you turn on to drive to work may send a “vehicle health report”", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00016-00006503-00006617": "to the manufacturer.", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00017-00006617-00007164": "Later, when you go out to lunch, surveillance cameras watch your steps on the streets, and", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00018-00007164-00007529": "inside the restaurant you are caught by their security cameras and their in-store", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00019-00007529-00007993": "analytics devices, which include door counters, the logs for the free WiFi, and sometimes", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00020-00007993-00008493": "even radio frequency proximity sensors that  track you using a signal from your cellphone.", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00021-00008493-00009035": "All of these are digital traces that you leave with every step you make in your daily life,", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00022-00009035-00009447": "even when you're not using a laptop, smartphone, or health tracker.", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00023-00009447-00010004": "We call the sum of these traces your digital footprint, or your information footprint.", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00024-00010004-00010438": "Short of living in a cave and not leaving the hole you dug out in a remote, unconnected", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00025-00010438-00010828": "place where only satellites can see you from time to time, there are still some things", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00026-00010828-00011450": "you can do to retain some privacy, in particular when using Internet-connected devices.", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00027-00011450-00011924": "Be aware of which websites you visit, and set your devices to ask you before they join", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00028-00011924-00012089": "a new WiFi network.", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00029-00012089-00012456": "Inform yourself about what information you are really giving away when you install and", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00030-00012456-00012582": "use an app.", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00031-00012582-00012938": "Often, apps and websites will ask you for permission to access your information.", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00032-00012938-00013425": "Ask yourself if they really need the information they're requesting.", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00033-00013425-00013933": "For example: Why does that forum site ask for my birth date and postal address?", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00034-00013933-00014410": "Is it safe to post the photo of my new credit card on Twitter?", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00035-00014410-00014904": "Does that bird-shooting game really need my “current location”?", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00036-00014904-00015100": "It doesn’t stop there, though.", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00037-00015100-00015500": "When you are posting something on the Internet, be aware of what data may be contained", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00038-00015500-00015649": "in that post.", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00039-00015649-00016112": "Photos and videos can contain metadata in addition to the content you see or hear.", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00040-00016112-00016588": "For example, so-called EXIF metadata contains the settings and model of the camera that", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00041-00016588-00017010": "took the photo, making the source of the photo more identifiable.", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00042-00017010-00017509": "It can also contain the exact GPS coordinates of the location of the photographer.", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00043-00017509-00017946": "Even when you're only posting text, you often publish more than meets the eye.", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00044-00017946-00018469": "The type of browser and operating system  and your IP address, as well as the time", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00045-00018469-00018753": "and date you post, are always logged too.", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00046-00018753-00019206": "Even the exact geographical location of the place where you posted from can often be embedded", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00047-00019206-00019557": "in a Facebook or Twitter post -- often without your knowledge.", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00048-00019557-00020057": "We have created an app on our website to help you visualize this, called Ready or Not?.", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00049-00020057-00020453": "It shows how little effort is needed to figure out someone's typical daily schedule from", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00050-00020453-00020763": "seemingly innocuous tweets and Instagram posts.", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00051-00020763-00021251": "Moreover, when information from different websites and other sources is correlated together,", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00052-00021251-00021832": "your information footprint can convey an exact and unique picture of you and your life.", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00053-00021832-00022140": "Companies that do this commercially are called \"data brokers\".", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00054-00022140-00022414": "More about them in a later video, though.", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00055-00022414-00022889": "The bottom line is that your information footprint is larger than you think -- but you have some", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00056-00022889-00023219": "choices you can make to manage your exposure.", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00057-00023219-00023397": "Thanks for watching.", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00058-00023397-00023865": "Visit teachingprivacy.org for more information, and for sound advice about how to limit the", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00059-00023865-00024068": "exposure of your information footprint.", "kqHlmyV0Clu-00060-00024068-00024451": "And while you're there, drop us a line; we appreciate your feedback."}}, {"audio_id": "kqP718FBXZu", "text": {"kqP718FBXZu-00000-00000096-00000808": "welcome everyone this is merge implementers call number three let me drop the agenda to the chat", "kqP718FBXZu-00001-00000888-00001616": "um this is gonna be short one no major respect discussions is planned for today uh we'll start", "kqP718FBXZu-00002-00001616-00002528": "with the orionis updates uh from client updates then go to the um update on the first devnet", "kqP718FBXZu-00003-00002528-00003288": "that we are about to launch tomorrow which is called stickler and yeah then we have some", "kqP718FBXZu-00004-00003456-00004072": "research updates not much there then go to spec discussions probably some questions um", "kqP718FBXZu-00005-00004192-00004784": "are there and yep and we're done okay so let's start from ryan's", "kqP718FBXZu-00006-00004848-00005520": "client updates um i'll start from tekku side so taco is like ready for", "kqP718FBXZu-00007-00005696-00006248": "the first devnet launch it's been tested with uh bazoo nethermind and catalyst", "kqP718FBXZu-00008-00006448-00007184": "and uh yeah so that's that's it we're excited to see it in the", "kqP718FBXZu-00009-00007304-00008064": "in the first devnet and see how the things are going um and i didn't try like interrupt it with", "kqP718FBXZu-00010-00008064-00008840": "other clients but just try to run it on a couple of machines um yep went well so let us see um", "kqP718FBXZu-00011-00009040-00009904": "um also uh um not uh the update not about the merge but anton started to work on sharding", "kqP718FBXZu-00012-00009904-00010776": "implementation and taco implemented shortens back and did some sanity tests so it works in general", "kqP718FBXZu-00013-00010864-00011856": "and he keeps keeps doing progress on that okay so that's from deku um who wants to be next", "kqP718FBXZu-00014-00012176-00012872": "i can i can take a lighthouse um not a whole lot to report on our end we got uh interrupt going", "kqP718FBXZu-00015-00012872-00013488": "with nethermine now so we're now working with gas and nethermind uh yeah we're ready for the", "kqP718FBXZu-00016-00013488-00013976": "devnet i believe um we're still not calling the finalized endpoint but we can", "kqP718FBXZu-00017-00013976-00014344": "probably throw that in pretty quickly um i think that's that's it for us", "kqP718FBXZu-00018-00014608-00015384": "yep great prismatic yeah hey there um so i think we're pretty much ready we spent the", "kqP718FBXZu-00019-00015384-00016128": "last few days um debugging hashu root for the transactions field and then to proto", "kqP718FBXZu-00020-00016128-00016816": "he helped a ton there so we were able to get interrupt working locally between", "kqP718FBXZu-00021-00016920-00017584": "prism and catalyst so today we'll try nevermind and other other e34 but yeah i think we're pretty", "kqP718FBXZu-00022-00017584-00018568": "much ready for the test then that's it that's so cool um nimbus right yeah um i think we're", "kqP718FBXZu-00023-00018568-00019416": "we're ready um so we've been testing with uh geth uh with catalyst and and so far it's been uh the", "kqP718FBXZu-00024-00019416-00020512": "interop's been uh solid um so yeah looking forward to see see if this works how this works tomorrow", "kqP718FBXZu-00025-00020816-00021784": "great okay so um yeah i guess we can go to eat one clients um who wants to be first", "kqP718FBXZu-00026-00022000-00022584": "i can go first so nothing major uh we will be releasing a hot fix", "kqP718FBXZu-00027-00022752-00023288": "for what lighthouse uh submitted to us a small issue in the contracts in the response but", "kqP718FBXZu-00028-00023288-00023784": "nothing major uh we'll be releasing it today so we will have a newest release and us docker today", "kqP718FBXZu-00029-00023856-00024920": "um what is this issue about like uh the issue is that uh the response wasn't serialized correctly", "kqP718FBXZu-00030-00024920-00025368": "and i don't know i think it's something in docker because in general it should work i'm", "kqP718FBXZu-00031-00025528-00026368": "i'm really confused why it happened because it worked fine for me um it's uh just to simplify", "kqP718FBXZu-00032-00026368-00027008": "it uh the response is instead of success instead it was saying value and lighthouse said that it is", "kqP718FBXZu-00033-00027008-00027544": "generally okay so i'm interrupting because maybe a question to can we not release it and simplify", "kqP718FBXZu-00034-00027639-00028183": "so they can continue can lighthouse safety will work fine with this response", "kqP718FBXZu-00035-00028336-00029136": "yeah so we um we don't let an error on that endpoint stop us from progressing so we um it", "kqP718FBXZu-00036-00029136-00029568": "so lighthouse just kind of logs an error uh that that we didn't find", "kqP718FBXZu-00037-00029568-00030176": "the feel we expected in the response um and the success that the call works well in um", "kqP718FBXZu-00038-00030176-00030720": "neither mine so it doesn't really stop anything from working it just creates an error log so let's", "kqP718FBXZu-00039-00030720-00031176": "not release do not confuse any people who are using already some docker volca what do you think", "kqP718FBXZu-00040-00031424-00032136": "i don't think that release would hurt anything so we will be more uh more stable and if you", "kqP718FBXZu-00041-00032136-00032600": "just grab the newest docker image it should be fine for you so i would still release it", "kqP718FBXZu-00042-00033104-00033160": "okay cool", "kqP718FBXZu-00043-00033608-00033784": "anything else here", "kqP718FBXZu-00044-00034032-00035424": "okay then um who wants to speak from go ethereum from catalyst is anybody from go theorem here", "kqP718FBXZu-00045-00035736-00036184": "i don't think so okay okay so i i can speak um", "kqP718FBXZu-00046-00036408-00037272": "uh yeah i can give an update on that it just works i tried it great okay um yeah bazoo", "kqP718FBXZu-00047-00037440-00038072": "uh yeah we just um get a working basuteku local net yesterday and", "kqP718FBXZu-00048-00038072-00038568": "did some debugging and got it into a good enough state that we think that it's it's good enough", "kqP718FBXZu-00049-00038568-00039096": "to join the the friday test net um it's still pretty early because we just recently got it uh", "kqP718FBXZu-00050-00039168-00039856": "you know stable and um right now it's just a uh rainism branch uh npr", "kqP718FBXZu-00051-00039928-00040784": "uh and a private docker repo but uh we're looking forward to participating great um", "kqP718FBXZu-00052-00040920-00042448": "anybody else else turbo gath queen theorem quick question before tomorrow so it seems like", "kqP718FBXZu-00053-00042512-00043112": "um a number of clients have tried different each one clients underneath the hood and then have we", "kqP718FBXZu-00054-00043112-00043752": "had a number of these one clients tried like a number of two clients from the hood have we run", "kqP718FBXZu-00055-00043752-00044440": "any short-lived transient test nets with multiple uh like different consensus engines driving", "kqP718FBXZu-00056-00044952-00045152": "or is tomorrow the first time it's doing that", "kqP718FBXZu-00057-00045288-00046104": "so i've successfully paired lighthouse and uh deku that works then there are some initial issues", "kqP718FBXZu-00058-00046104-00046816": "with lighthouse nethermind but those have been resolved i believe so i'm confident it will work", "kqP718FBXZu-00059-00046904-00047552": "okay so like white house and taku agreed on on the consensus changes are very minimal obviously but", "kqP718FBXZu-00060-00047608-00047824": "i'm just curious if they can stand up network together", "kqP718FBXZu-00061-00048104-00048768": "yeah i've been also like using deco with nethermind and catalyst in like one local", "kqP718FBXZu-00062-00048824-00049176": "local it was not actually local it was a couple of machines", "kqP718FBXZu-00063-00049176-00049616": "yeah but if you want this now it worked well i mean if we are", "kqP718FBXZu-00064-00050000-00050624": "so one thing i like to share here is that at first we were just looking at", "kqP718FBXZu-00065-00050704-00051400": "launching like the very minimal set of clients to just get something stable out that we knew know", "kqP718FBXZu-00066-00051400-00052024": "like should work but yeah that does it for a longer time and in the past few days there have", "kqP718FBXZu-00067-00052024-00052591": "been like an immense amount of new clients and instructions on how to build all of these things", "kqP718FBXZu-00068-00052696-00053296": "and although i think and i'm still confident that we can run like this multi-client does not it's", "kqP718FBXZu-00069-00053296-00053984": "a lot it's like clients are being added faster then we can rewrite deployment codes for them so", "kqP718FBXZu-00070-00054112-00054855": "yeah this is actually great i think yeah and very exciting to see uh what we'll have tomorrow", "kqP718FBXZu-00071-00054960-00055367": "so okay so we have like four e2 clients and three", "kqP718FBXZu-00072-00055367-00055720": "if one clients ready for the first devnet which is very impressive", "kqP718FBXZu-00073-00056040-00056408": "brother do you want to give like more details on tomorrow's launch", "kqP718FBXZu-00074-00056544-00057648": "sure um so we have a configuration up yesterday we had an initial configuration but we changed it a", "kqP718FBXZu-00075-00057648-00058432": "little bit so we changed the validator set and we changed the fork version in on the ethereum 2 side", "kqP718FBXZu-00076-00058591-00059136": "other than that it's the basic familiar configuration you know from previous testnets", "kqP718FBXZu-00077-00059224-00059679": "it's a maintenance configuration this time down it's not the minimal configuration", "kqP718FBXZu-00078-00059679-00059976": "you may be using locally and", "kqP718FBXZu-00079-00060191-00060584": "right and in chat you can find the link to this desktop configuration", "kqP718FBXZu-00080-00060688-00061328": "we will set the boot nodes right after the call and then deploy some notes of our own", "kqP718FBXZu-00081-00061400-00061872": "and then i think today we'll just focus on connecting all these notes", "kqP718FBXZu-00082-00061872-00063184": "getting everything running and then tomorrow at noon utc we will start the chain", "kqP718FBXZu-00083-00063688-00064304": "great um so i would like suggest to jump on the discord", "kqP718FBXZu-00084-00064360-00064991": "uh one of the on the orion orionism discord voice channel after this call to do some coordination on", "kqP718FBXZu-00085-00065072-00065800": "on this first devnet uh to to understand who runs uh what and it would be great if we have like", "kqP718FBXZu-00086-00065928-00066584": "full coverage of different mixes of with one and two clients in order not to miss", "kqP718FBXZu-00087-00066648-00067752": "any um any interrupt disability i believe with um four different epm2 clients and three different", "kqP718FBXZu-00088-00067752-00068664": "if your month clients you have to test at least 12 combinations um i think or at least we'll try", "kqP718FBXZu-00089-00068664-00069296": "to run out of them but then i also need other teams to run as many combinations as they can", "kqP718FBXZu-00090-00069376-00069712": "and if you don't have validator keys already please reach out", "kqP718FBXZu-00091-00069792-00070240": "and then you can get your manomik to participate with meditators", "kqP718FBXZu-00092-00071408-00071760": "any questions to the stackload.net", "kqP718FBXZu-00093-00072544-00073504": "what's the precise time it's starting again 12 for you to see 12 um yeah i need to see yep", "kqP718FBXZu-00094-00073664-00074384": "gotcha and maybe proto will throw up a zoom length 30 minutes before to congregate", "kqP718FBXZu-00095-00074552-00074944": "we will be live a lot during like the run up to the test net", "kqP718FBXZu-00096-00075016-00075816": "in this card in chat in the rainism cast channel and we can do zoom right before okay", "kqP718FBXZu-00097-00076152-00076792": "yeah i'll just look to ryan's discord channel for for coordination purposes", "kqP718FBXZu-00098-00076792-00077264": "i think a lot of conversations will happen there like today and tomorrow", "kqP718FBXZu-00099-00077496-00078032": "um okay i see peter just joined peter do you want to give any updates on the cut", "kqP718FBXZu-00100-00078032-00078584": "list", "kqP718FBXZu-00101-00079056-00079576": "mainly in the context of this uh trans uh short-lived merged devnet that'll start tomorrow", "kqP718FBXZu-00102-00079576-00079920": "the update prior to you joining was catalyst seems to work because", "kqP718FBXZu-00103-00079920-00080064": "multiple people have interrupted this", "kqP718FBXZu-00104-00080344-00080624": "right and i have like a follow-up question about like", "kqP718FBXZu-00105-00080720-00081024": "transaction propagation enabling for catalyst mode", "kqP718FBXZu-00106-00081256-00081608": "do we have any like estimation on when it could happen", "kqP718FBXZu-00107-00082328-00082784": "can you hear us", "kqP718FBXZu-00108-00083248-00084008": "okay probably not okay i'll ask later um okay let's just go to research updates um", "kqP718FBXZu-00109-00084008-00084720": "there is like the first update i um i've made to the fork choice rule section of the design", "kqP718FBXZu-00110-00084720-00085848": "document of the execution layer design document um this this update is just to remove um the", "kqP718FBXZu-00111-00085968-00086728": "recommendation on using the new block as the signal for the folk choice because even if the", "kqP718FBXZu-00112-00086728-00087464": "new block uh that that is coming from consensus societies really it does not mean i i mean this", "kqP718FBXZu-00113-00087464-00088120": "even as if execution payload is like a valid one it does not mean that the whole beacon block is", "kqP718FBXZu-00114-00088120-00088816": "valid and depending on the implementation of consensus um side of consensus layer", "kqP718FBXZu-00115-00088904-00089600": "um of consensus client uh it will be like uh it it could be the case uh when they're", "kqP718FBXZu-00116-00089600-00090288": "like the new block has been sent to the execution layer and it's been valid um", "kqP718FBXZu-00117-00090288-00091280": "but yep but like state route mismatch happened on the consensus side later and yep and uh yeah", "kqP718FBXZu-00118-00091376-00092136": "in the in that regard uh in this case the new hat won't be issued for this particular block", "kqP718FBXZu-00119-00092288-00092920": "so that's why it's been removed and the only trigger for the fork choice is the new hat message", "kqP718FBXZu-00120-00093088-00093168": "i don't think like", "kqP718FBXZu-00121-00093664-00094152": "it has a big impact on implementations currently but anyway wait sorry so the", "kqP718FBXZu-00122-00094152-00094672": "this is the trigger for changing the fork choice on the execution client side from", "kqP718FBXZu-00123-00094672-00095120": "being proof of work to be in transition mode um no it's not about transition but it's", "kqP718FBXZu-00124-00095120-00095584": "just about that you know there was like yeah there was a it's oh it's post transition or", "kqP718FBXZu-00125-00095720-00096208": "right right it was a recommendation so you can it was like you can use like new block if it's", "kqP718FBXZu-00126-00096208-00096760": "the lead and if it's like in a child of the head of the chain you can switch the head of", "kqP718FBXZu-00127-00096760-00097264": "the chain to this new block uh which might not which dependent on the implementation might not", "kqP718FBXZu-00128-00097384-00098136": "work correctly well why is this is this because we i we want the execution clients to not trust", "kqP718FBXZu-00129-00098136-00098808": "the kids i just client for this or yeah you you might like run things and so you might say you ran", "kqP718FBXZu-00130-00098808-00099440": "uh execution and consensus validation in parallel then you might actually find that they can some", "kqP718FBXZu-00131-00099440-00099912": "of the beacon block contents were invalid and done even though the execution is valid", "kqP718FBXZu-00132-00100056-00100920": "or you know any type of like ordering issues on that right right i see okay so like if the quiet", "kqP718FBXZu-00133-00100920-00101600": "basically if the client's implementation sent the uh execution block to the execution client", "kqP718FBXZu-00134-00101680-00102288": "before it did at least one of the other checks and if those remaining checks were ended up like", "kqP718FBXZu-00135-00102288-00102752": "not passing that it would be a problem yeah like for example if you don't want to do this", "kqP718FBXZu-00136-00102848-00103311": "until the end then you wouldn't actually know and so you can't take the shortcut of like get the", "kqP718FBXZu-00137-00103311-00103935": "leaf block of the head right big sense but whereas a new head message is something that would come", "kqP718FBXZu-00138-00103935-00104528": "to an execution client after the consensus client did the full validation cycle okay", "kqP718FBXZu-00139-00105159-00105648": "yep so that's it just pay attention to it if you have started to implement this uh", "kqP718FBXZu-00140-00105648-00106248": "external fork choice stuff the next update is the withdrawal design dock dimitri has like", "kqP718FBXZu-00141-00106416-00107152": "um gained uh like this this dog from um his proof of concept implementation for", "kqP718FBXZu-00142-00107152-00108111": "the withdrawal mechanism um and this this is what we will probably take into a kind of spec for", "kqP718FBXZu-00143-00108111-00108735": "ryan is in the next couple of weeks because there was an idea to deploy with roles uh", "kqP718FBXZu-00144-00108792-00109383": "to deploy the withdrawal test that um so dmitry do you want to speak about it", "kqP718FBXZu-00145-00109583-00110183": "yeah a few words i'm working on with roles and i've created a specification it's not actually", "kqP718FBXZu-00146-00110183-00110911": "a specification more like a design document but the spec could be made from it the link is", "kqP718FBXZu-00147-00110911-00111640": "in the chat and in the agenda and then a feedback appreciated directly to me or by commencing", "kqP718FBXZu-00148-00111640-00112248": "md it doesn't support partial withdrawals it only works with validator exit", "kqP718FBXZu-00149-00112328-00112976": "which leading to full withdrawal but from what i made i see special withdrawal somewhere around", "kqP718FBXZu-00150-00112976-00113688": "and i am going to extend spec with them in a few days i was skeptical about partial withdrawals at", "kqP718FBXZu-00151-00113688-00114304": "the beginning but now i see we could make them without much pain so i still think we could we", "kqP718FBXZu-00152-00114304-00115176": "should resist uh it so we will not we will not see visceral messages one per day per every", "kqP718FBXZu-00153-00115176-00115992": "validator we should restrict it in such manner so it will be less frequent and that's all for me", "kqP718FBXZu-00154-00116280-00116511": "any questions to dimitry about this doc", "kqP718FBXZu-00155-00116808-00117248": "i was able to review it in general i think it looks good i left a number of comments on", "kqP718FBXZu-00156-00117248-00117583": "there and we don't go through them now but uh i just want to make sure you solve them", "kqP718FBXZu-00157-00117672-00118080": "um and yeah i think i think the base of that can probably be extended", "kqP718FBXZu-00158-00118144-00118800": "uh with partial withdrawals if as long as the withdrawals are unique and that they have like a", "kqP718FBXZu-00159-00118800-00119240": "unique identifier or something so that the mapping isn't based on validator index and that also", "kqP718FBXZu-00160-00119240-00119808": "allows for reusing validator indices later which is good but otherwise it generally looks good", "kqP718FBXZu-00161-00120264-00120744": "so i encourage everybody who's interested in withdrawals and or just want to take a look", "kqP718FBXZu-00162-00120744-00121488": "just take a look like um like in the next week so with your questions on discord", "kqP718FBXZu-00163-00121576-00121983": "like in comments to this talk", "kqP718FBXZu-00164-00122528-00123056": "okay it definitely feels like a simple and clean method so i'm happy with that", "kqP718FBXZu-00165-00123320-00123632": "yep any other research updates", "kqP718FBXZu-00166-00124496-00124952": "okay cool yeah that's because a lot of work happening on the right okay", "kqP718FBXZu-00167-00124952-00125640": "sorry anything i was just going to mention that um we are going to attempt to turn on the", "kqP718FBXZu-00168-00125752-00126240": "like core suite of tests for the merge spec that's in the repo", "kqP718FBXZu-00169-00126416-00126848": "for the next pre-release but as i say that i'm also realizing that the ryan as a merged spec", "kqP718FBXZu-00170-00126848-00127280": "has probably potentially diverged a little bit on the beacon chain side from what's in the spec repo", "kqP718FBXZu-00171-00127280-00127976": "so that might not actually be very useful but um we can talk about that i guess in a few days", "kqP718FBXZu-00172-00128032-00128335": "if that is useful i think we can cut some test sectors next week", "kqP718FBXZu-00173-00128759-00129096": "it's primarily just like whether you can support the types and things", "kqP718FBXZu-00174-00129248-00129928": "uh because most of the changes are extremely minimal yeah what do you mean by diversion", "kqP718FBXZu-00175-00130088-00130992": "what has emerged oh um i and i'm not certain if this is the case but the has the ryanism spec", "kqP718FBXZu-00176-00131056-00131600": "from the um is that just pointing to dev currently or is that pointing to a particular commit on the", "kqP718FBXZu-00177-00131600-00132472": "beacon chain side it's pointing to dab okay gotcha then cutting the test vectors would be useful i", "kqP718FBXZu-00178-00132472-00132968": "wasn't sure if it had pointed to like a commit that was from maybe a week ago two weeks ago", "kqP718FBXZu-00179-00133144-00133208": "okay see", "kqP718FBXZu-00180-00133608-00134424": "okay thanks um yep i think we're done with research updates let's go to spec discussion", "kqP718FBXZu-00181-00134568-00135192": "um so any any questions i know that there is a work happening um on the", "kqP718FBXZu-00182-00135264-00135656": "employ on the state and probably boxing complementation", "kqP718FBXZu-00183-00135856-00136624": "does anybody have any questions with regard to this particular work or any other uh work that's", "kqP718FBXZu-00184-00136624-00137384": "happening on the execution layer from this back perspective and from the researcher's perspective", "kqP718FBXZu-00185-00138792-00139256": "okay so i guess yeah everybody is busy with the rhines which makes a lot of sense too", "kqP718FBXZu-00186-00139344-00139936": "i think we can get back to this um to this like in a couple of weeks", "kqP718FBXZu-00187-00140048-00140888": "um any questions for the beacon chain side for the beacon chains back so um i have a question", "kqP718FBXZu-00188-00140888-00141648": "regarding the merge spec i look at the merge spec and uh i think the merge shoe ideally be", "kqP718FBXZu-00189-00141648-00142152": "built the merge dispatch should ideally be built on top of sorry the sharding space should be built", "kqP718FBXZu-00190-00142208-00142776": "on top of the merge spec because without the execution panel here i'm not sure how useful", "kqP718FBXZu-00191-00142776-00143720": "that is right well right theoretically these back part like the changes to the spec that need to be", "kqP718FBXZu-00192-00143720-00144400": "done are pretty independent right so like you can like you can work on the two in parallel though", "kqP718FBXZu-00193-00144400-00144816": "obviously you know there's not much value in actually implementing sharding before", "kqP718FBXZu-00194-00144816-00145128": "the merge goes through except for just like testing value basically", "kqP718FBXZu-00195-00145288-00145928": "yeah and the current state of the spec is phase zero is stable everyone has implementations of", "kqP718FBXZu-00196-00145928-00146504": "it and so it's easier to have the spec currently both of those specs merge and sharding be based", "kqP718FBXZu-00197-00146504-00147080": "off of phase zeros so that if changes to the merge happen if we want to go in and change", "kqP718FBXZu-00198-00147080-00147440": "the starting stack and vice versa and so that we can kind of independently iterate", "kqP718FBXZu-00199-00147440-00148040": "but once um they stabilize and once there's like a very concrete order like merge will go", "kqP718FBXZu-00200-00148040-00148792": "to mainnet first which i think we all generally agree on uh we would see like charting be rebased", "kqP718FBXZu-00201-00148792-00149336": "on kind of the merge spec and similarly once altera implementations do exist correction", "kqP718FBXZu-00202-00149392-00150152": "charting is already based on the merge spec in the f2 specs repo okay okay because i don't", "kqP718FBXZu-00203-00150152-00150528": "see the situation pillow header in the beach instead but maybe i'm just missing", "kqP718FBXZu-00204-00150824-00151432": "i think it just extends the state", "kqP718FBXZu-00205-00151432-00154184": "okay anything else any other questions", "kqP718FBXZu-00206-00154296-00154856": "okay open discussions because they don't want to discuss anything", "kqP718FBXZu-00207-00155336-00155840": "did we want to chat about the how are we going to set up ran ism nodes in here or do", "kqP718FBXZu-00208-00155840-00156368": "we definitely want to do that in a discord after i i would suggest to do it in discord after", "kqP718FBXZu-00209-00156368-00156984": "like in less formal manner just like if it would be like an offline event you know", "kqP718FBXZu-00210-00157784-00158496": "um so i would just like to say thanks implementers teams or their hard work", "kqP718FBXZu-00211-00158584-00159120": "that they've just done to to be at this line um", "kqP718FBXZu-00212-00159384-00160184": "at this line i mean in terms of ryan's progress thanks a lot to proto for doing a lot of", "kqP718FBXZu-00213-00160184-00161040": "coordination and other other stuff so i'm very excited about tomorrow's launch so let's go to", "kqP718FBXZu-00214-00161128-00161864": "i think we're gonna just wrap up and go to discord or do do we want to like take a 30", "kqP718FBXZu-00215-00161864-00162624": "minutes break or it's kind of my preference is not a 30 minute break cause it's 11 30 here", "kqP718FBXZu-00216-00162752-00163392": "i was gonna say that for paul as well yeah okay 6 30 a.m here it'd be nice to get some coffee", "kqP718FBXZu-00217-00163584-00164232": "yeah let's i would just suggest to rip up here and go to discord and whoever joins at", "kqP718FBXZu-00218-00164304-00164528": "whatever time so it doesn't matter much", "kqP718FBXZu-00219-00164752-00165080": "okay thanks everyone for coming", "kqP718FBXZu-00220-00165208-00166048": "thank you yeah thanks great work everyone thank you bye-bye thanks"}}, {"audio_id": "kqYnLe3RA-8", "text": {"kqYnLe3RA-8-00000-00000016-00000664": "This dish is pizza with a purpose. To start off with this dish, I started with marinara sauce and", "kqYnLe3RA-8-00001-00000664-00001304": "amped it up with some steamed veggies blended together to make a mom friendly sauce. Adding", "kqYnLe3RA-8-00002-00001304-00001855": "veggies to the marinara sauce is a great way to add more fiber in the way of vegetables into my", "kqYnLe3RA-8-00003-00001855-00002480": "kids diets. To make the ground beef we start with 93% lean ground beef, sauté it down until it's", "kqYnLe3RA-8-00004-00002480-00003215": "nice and brown, adding in fresh oregano. I love using 93% lean ground beef because it's truly a", "kqYnLe3RA-8-00005-00003215-00003960": "one pan dish. Now let's top the pizza. Let's put on that 93 lean ground beef that's been cooked and", "kqYnLe3RA-8-00006-00003960-00004608": "add on those cherry tomatoes and garnish it with that delicious mozzarella. Pizza with a purpose.", "kqYnLe3RA-8-00007-00004608-00005648": "It's an easy weeknight meal that no mom should feel guilty about. Pizza truly fits the bill."}}, {"audio_id": "krtQMuqJVd4", "text": {"krtQMuqJVd4-00000-00000555-00000757": "Hi Psych2Go fans. Welcome to our video.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00001-00000900-00001548": "Have you heard the saying \"Tell me who your friends are and I'll tell you who you are.\" How much do you believe in that?", "krtQMuqJVd4-00002-00001780-00002134": "In a way, our friends do act as a reflection of ourselves.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00003-00002294-00002698": "They certainly helped shape who we are and provide guidance in the paths we choose in life", "krtQMuqJVd4-00004-00002744-00003014": "Friends help and change us for the better in many ways", "krtQMuqJVd4-00005-00003039-00003415": "So having a close-knit group of people you can connect with is a positive thing", "krtQMuqJVd4-00006-00003486-00003972": "Having said that, here are six types of friends you will most likely make in your lifetime", "krtQMuqJVd4-00007-00004472-00004672": "1. The social butterfly", "krtQMuqJVd4-00008-00004848-00005150": "This type of friend is likely one of the very first made when", "krtQMuqJVd4-00009-00005172-00005630": "joining any new social environment, like a new neighborhood or school or new club", "krtQMuqJVd4-00010-00005676-00006116": "They're always very friendly, welcoming, and they'll introduce you to everyone they know.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00011-00006184-00006480": "They love being around people, and people seem to love being around them.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00012-00006559-00007022": "They're boundlessly kind, considerate, and will always try to cheer you up when you're down.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00013-00007080-00007314": "They like to organize get-togethers with everyone", "krtQMuqJVd4-00014-00007316-00007602": "and make sure every single person there is enjoying themselves.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00015-00007656-00007988": "Do you know anyone who might be a social butterfly in your circle?", "krtQMuqJVd4-00016-00008058-00008390": "2. The fearless adventurer", "krtQMuqJVd4-00017-00008390-00008766": "Ever thought of someone and thought, \"yes, I'm going on an adventure.\"", "krtQMuqJVd4-00018-00008796-00009192": "That person is probably your fearless adventurer. They're the fun friend.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00019-00009225-00009674": "Someone we don't usually get acquainted with until we attend at least one or two get-togethers", "krtQMuqJVd4-00020-00009710-00010298": "They often flow in and out of your life as they please, but you don't mind too much since it's always a blast when they're around.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00021-00010372-00010918": "Bold, wild, vibrant, and outrageously funny. They're also the life of the party.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00022-00010920-00011348": "They show you how to have fun get loose and they're always down for a good time.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00023-00011406-00011718": "Maybe they invite you to have a spontaneous adventure with them,", "krtQMuqJVd4-00024-00011718-00012022": "whether that be a fancy party or a 24-hour road trip.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00025-00012022-00012268": "No matter what it is, You know it will be memorable.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00026-00012348-00012858": "The fearless adventurer may not be the most dependable or stable of your friends, but you know", "krtQMuqJVd4-00027-00012858-00013356": "they're always exciting to be around and you have a lot of great stories about the times you spent together.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00028-00013600-00013894": "3. The secret keeper", "krtQMuqJVd4-00029-00013894-00014276": "This type of friend is someone most of us need in our lives, no matter our age.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00030-00014336-00014697": "The secret keeper is the one we tell all of our deepest, darkest secrets to.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00031-00014708-00015040": "Whether it's during a quiet lunch hour or the middle of the night.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00032-00015074-00015441": "They're trustworthy, empathetic and fiercely loyal.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00033-00015468-00015854": "All you have to do is ask and they're ready to lend an ear or a shoulder for you to cry on.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00034-00015932-00016319": "They can also give you great advice and can be brutally honest with you when needed.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00035-00016366-00016642": "Far from being constantly coddling yes-men,", "krtQMuqJVd4-00036-00016642-00017050": "they tell you what you need to hear and can help you gain insight into your situation.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00037-00017098-00017442": "They'll never use your secrets against you or judge you for those secrets.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00038-00017492-00017784": "Talking to them is easy, effortless, and comfortable.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00039-00017830-00018172": "As such, you're more open with them than anyone else in your life.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00040-00018448-00018648": "4. The mother figure", "krtQMuqJVd4-00041-00018686-00019010": "The mother figure, despite the name, is not always female", "krtQMuqJVd4-00042-00019038-00019372": "but is a person in the group who always tries to care for everyone's needs.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00043-00019414-00019936": "They attend to their friends and put everyone else ahead of themselves without ever asking for anything in return.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00044-00019984-00020406": "They're incredibly selfless, compassionate, and caring about those around them.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00045-00020470-00020694": "As the unspoken, then-mother of the group,", "krtQMuqJVd4-00046-00020701-00020907": "they're the ones turn to for help and support", "krtQMuqJVd4-00047-00020944-00021428": "They look out for all their friends and are usually the first to stand up for you, should you be picked on.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00048-00021478-00021850": "When conflict arises, they'll mediate and keep the peace in the group.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00049-00021886-00022020": "They want everyone to get along.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00050-00022200-00022486": "5. The good older sibling", "krtQMuqJVd4-00051-00022570-00023138": "Have you watched a movie or TV series lately that has a strong, dependable, wise older sibling?", "krtQMuqJVd4-00052-00023138-00023292": "Do you ever wish you had someone like that?", "krtQMuqJVd4-00053-00023404-00023604": "Enter older sibling friend", "krtQMuqJVd4-00054-00023665-00024050": "Having this kind of friend in your life will do wonders for expanding your opportunities", "krtQMuqJVd4-00055-00024050-00024233": "while also enhancing your skills and knowledge.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00056-00024310-00024821": "They guide you on your journey making sure you're going in the right direction, but don't fuss or smother.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00057-00024892-00025275": "They teach you what they know, letting you in on all their best life hacks.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00058-00025308-00025682": "They're your cheerleader and support team in everything you do.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00059-00025682-00025889": "They're also usually inspirational.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00060-00025889-00026354": "Motivating us to improve because we want to, not because we feel inadequate.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00061-00026392-00026933": "There's a connection with them and you likely see them as the older sibling you always wanted but never had.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00062-00027050-00027389": "And 6. the loyal best friend", "krtQMuqJVd4-00063-00027489-00027650": "At the grand finale of this list,", "krtQMuqJVd4-00064-00027651-00027844": "we have the loyal best friend.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00065-00027844-00028398": "That golden Holy Grail person who's stuck by you through thick and thin through the years.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00066-00028458-00028856": "You'll call on them for emergencies because you know that regardless of the situation,", "krtQMuqJVd4-00067-00028872-00029162": "they'll always be there for you when you need them the most.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00068-00029177-00029538": "You've shared so much together that they feel more like family than a friend.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00069-00029726-00030054": "They're the first person you want to tell when something good happens", "krtQMuqJVd4-00070-00030072-00030449": "and they've been by your side through all of your best and landmark-worthy moments.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00071-00030492-00031043": "Whether it's watching movies at home, or going to a party or on vacation you love to spend time with them.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00072-00031131-00031724": "Even if you've drifted apart or they're not currently in your life, the loyal best friend is definitely a friend", "krtQMuqJVd4-00073-00031724-00031924": "you'll keep in your heart forever.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00074-00032045-00032476": "If you have all these types of friends in your life, you are so lucky.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00075-00032532-00032945": "True friendship is a rare and precious gift, so don't take it for granted", "krtQMuqJVd4-00076-00032997-00033197": "Let them know you appreciate them.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00077-00033231-00033578": "Can you think of people who are or have been in your life that fit these roles?", "krtQMuqJVd4-00078-00033630-00034202": "Which types do you think you fulfill for others? You're probably helping someone and don't even realize it.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00079-00034251-00034584": "Thank you for watching. Please like, share, and subscribe.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00080-00034584-00034814": "Maybe you and a good friend can watch the next video together.", "krtQMuqJVd4-00081-00034866-00035066": "See you next time."}}, {"audio_id": "krJ1tW1zGCY", "text": {"krJ1tW1zGCY-00000-00000092-00000418": "Jieun Lee Diet @jiny_kilogram", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00001-00000566-00000746": "\"I rarely leave comments or like videos, but could not not do it because this workout was so effective. One day, I've tried. I always considered myself flexible but still hurt and was difficult. However, the next day, my leg muscles were so soft. I could see the huge difference in my leg line and relaxed muscles. I wasn't going to do this today, but I see my legs and now I have to do it.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00002-00000746-00000852": "Apologies to Jieun, but I am not going to tell my friends about this and do alone. Please keep uploading great videos. Such as thigh work out or THIGH WORKOUT lol. Keep it up! :)", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00003-00000852-00001019": "I've never left comments on Youtube before, so first time writing a comment. I have bad walking posture, so no muscles on shins, but lots of muscles on calves. Never saw anyone who had more unproportionate calf muscles than mine. I've gone to a hospital and tried manual therapy (The teacher told me my legs are log-tree-like).", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00004-00001019-00001152": "I've tried anything I found on Internet, but I've never felt this lightness in my legs and this is amazing. (Today is the first day, so not noticing the muscle mass difference but it does feel so much relaxed. I will leave another review after trying this workout multiple times. I am stretching my ankles doing the 'L leg\", and it is amazing that I do not feel the pain I did before. Thanks for such an amazing video <3 Will be back with another review.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00005-00001152-00001272": "Jieun is my life saver. I've had unproportionate lower body whole life I've tried botox injection but not much of good result and my legs swell so much that it's hard to even take pants off after work. I usually tried some medicine, and massaged for a solution. I had big unproportionate legs but was flexible and did yoga", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00006-00001272-00001538": "I didn't trust body stretch videos but this one really works. 6th or 7th day, it totally felt different when taking pants off. In the morning, my leg muscles still felt relaxed and soft. No lies in this review! If I could post before and after photos in this comment, I would. Sorry, but I am not telling my friends about this.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00007-00001538-00001810": "I have a naturally very unproportionate lower body with swelling and lots of muscles since born. Cannot sleep without having my legs do 'L leg stretch', I always have to massage before sleep. I've tried many famous body stretch, but the stretch in this video has the most muscle dissolving power. It lightens and softens the muscles. However, it hurts, hurts, hurts, and hurts especially my shoulders and arms. This makes me hesitate to keep doing it. However, I tried for a week and very effective result. I think this would be one of the top 3 body stretches for those who have enough upper body strength to be able to do this constantly.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00008-00001810-00002070": "more and more positive comments from those who experienced the effective difference.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00009-00002142-00002200": "Hello :)", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00010-00002200-00002358": "This is Jieun Lee from Jieun Lee Diet.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00011-00002358-00002737": "This body stretch is worthy of this much big complements.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00012-00002737-00003039": "For those who followed along continuously and left comments", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00013-00003039-00003337": "thank you so so much.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00014-00003338-00003844": "Today's video is a detailed version of the previous calf muscle stretch video.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00015-00003844-00004186": "For those who were a bit confused about the motions of feet in the previous video,", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00016-00004186-00004425": "They are zoomed in and shown better in this one.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00017-00004425-00004731": "So, anyone who hasn't tried or have been trying", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00018-00004731-00005031": "Try this video once, and then", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00019-00005031-00005317": "I recommend you to play the previous one starting at 3:48", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00020-00005317-00005618": "and then begin your workout.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00021-00005618-00006010": "There are five different motions A to E.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00022-00006010-00006280": "and ten times is one set for each motion.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00023-00006316-00006620": "Motion A. straighten out knees", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00024-00006620-00006881": "Ready at this posture.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00025-00006881-00007356": "Locate your foot where it enables your legs to form a right triangle when your knee is straightened.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00026-00007423-00007920": "Place down your thumb as if you're stepping on a mine.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00027-00007920-00008148": "then straighten out the knee", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00028-00008148-00008517": "even if your legs don't straighten out completely like mine", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00029-00008517-00008796": "do as much as you can. That happens when your back shin and leg muscles are knotted.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00030-00008796-00008966": "So straighten out as much as you can.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00031-00009032-00009338": "Motion B. Bend ankle towards up", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00032-00009338-00009740": "Do motion A, knees straightened.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00033-00009740-00010076": "hold your foot with the opposite hand.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00034-00010076-00010450": "Exhale and bend the ankle.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00035-00010458-00011006": "Do not just bend the tip of your foot, bend the ankle.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00036-00011006-00011352": "So that back calf muscles can be relaxed enough.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00037-00011470-00011926": "Motion C. bend ankle towards inside (foot open)", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00038-00012014-00012358": "bend your ankle towards inside", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00039-00012358-00012624": "keep your foot straight and hold the side of your foot.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00040-00012642-00013341": "If you look at it closely, you will see the foot is open(straight).", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00041-00013384-00013982": "Exhale and bend the ankle.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00042-00014126-00014608": "Motion D. bend ankle towards insde (foot bent)", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00043-00014669-00015000": "There are many of you who are confused about the difference between C and D.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00044-00015044-00015436": "With motion D, you bend the tip of your foot like this.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00045-00015438-00015887": "When pull like this, you will feel the pain in outer parts of calf and shin", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00046-00015887-00016155": "It's a slightly different pain from motion C.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00047-00016159-00016437": "For motion C and D, the motion difference of tip of foot is very important.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00048-00016437-00016736": "So reference the zoomed in foot motion.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00049-00016736-00017039": "If you still don't understand, then it's okay to just pull your foot towards you and stretch.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00050-00017040-00017330": "It will still be effective.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00051-00017492-00017776": "Motion E. bend ankle towards the outside.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00052-00017783-00018072": "This time, bend your foot towards outside.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00053-00018072-00018361": "Then pull.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00054-00018361-00018659": "Exhale and pull towards outside.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00055-00018659-00018901": "Simple.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00056-00019032-00019324": "Do these motions A to E", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00057-00019324-00019796": "do one set which is doing ten times each motion of five. That's a enough amount.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00058-00019822-00020074": "If you find it difficult doing alone and it hurts", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00059-00020074-00020322": "you might skip or speed up", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00060-00020322-00020593": "So, I highly recommend you to play the previous video and play at 3:48.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00061-00020593-00020848": "Follow along, same pace as mine.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00062-00020848-00021486": "If your back shine, knees, back, or pelvic area hurts", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00063-00021486-00021796": "I left a pinned comment about this information", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00064-00021796-00022072": "so make sure to read the pinned comment.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00065-00022072-00022358": "If you have questions that are not in the pinned comment", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00066-00022358-00022660": "I will find those questions and answer.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00067-00022660-00022868": "Follow this body stretch even if you feel pain at first.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00068-00022868-00023145": "Unlike upper body,", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00069-00023145-00023444": "lower body muscles are stronger", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00070-00023444-00023747": "So, you've got to enjoy the pain, work hard, and have patience for a good result.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00071-00023747-00023962": "If your knees hurt", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00072-00023962-00024264": "then do it in the range that your knees do not feel pain.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00073-00024264-00024537": "For the rest of you, keep it going.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00074-00024537-00024848": "Do this body stretch today before sleep.", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00075-00024848-00025068": "If you do it consistantly and start seeing a difference and find it effective", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00076-00025068-00025552": "DM me on instagram @jiny_kilogram", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00077-00025552-00025858": "you can send me photos or change in width measurement", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00078-00025858-00026174": "I will give you endless compliments and gifts as rewards", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00079-00026174-00026474": "For relaxed muscles soft calves!", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00080-00026474-00026574": "Keep up the work!", "krJ1tW1zGCY-00081-00026574-00026774": "See you next time :)"}}, {"audio_id": "krYDJOPy6Pc", "text": {"krYDJOPy6Pc-00000-00000032-00000608": "what's up nerdlings hello nerdling do you nerd for do you love the 80s", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00001-00001384-00002272": "i am the 80s we recently had the opportunity to do a very fun collab with jlove81 so we're", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00002-00002272-00002784": "going to put a link to those videos two parts in the description down below talking about", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00003-00002784-00003336": "some 80s toys you like talking about toys i do love talking about toys which is why now it is", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00004-00003336-00003904": "our turn and the ball is in our court and we are talking about those toys you had as a kid", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00005-00003904-00004376": "but somehow they went missing you got rid of them your mom got rid of them your brother stole him", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00006-00004376-00004984": "you traded him for a new candy bar but now as an adult you found him again and now you have", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00007-00004984-00005600": "those toys back yes these are 80s toys that got a second chance so you had them you lost them got", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00008-00005600-00006504": "rid of them but they're back we chose age range from 1977 to 1984 because we figured that range", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00009-00006504-00007184": "right there is a very good range to guarantee that you actually grew up and remembered the 80s", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00010-00007376-00008008": "now these toys don't necessarily have to be from that era but they do have to range from 1980 to", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00011-00008008-00008624": "1989 but we did make the cutoff at a certain age just so that you would remember the 80s", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00012-00008968-00009336": "we're going to turn it over some of our friends in the community and hear", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00013-00009336-00009592": "what 80s toys they gave a second chance", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00014-00009592-00010664": "to up guys i'm jaylav81 and the toy that i gave a second chance to that i lost back in the day", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00015-00010664-00011296": "in a box i remember clearly what was in that box and unfortunately i did lose the box this", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00016-00011296-00012008": "was one of my favorite childhood toys and i just recently got it back for this year that is rainbow", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00017-00012008-00012919": "bright herself so rainbow bright i loved rainbow bright i also had her car and her sidekick twink", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00018-00013000-00013463": "twink was like this little creature he was all white and that was her sidekick he was in charge", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00019-00013463-00013952": "of the sprites of rainbow land so pretty much what rainbow brite is i mean he started off with", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00020-00013952-00014544": "hallmark cards in 1983 and then in 1984 they came out with the cartoon the animated series", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00021-00014544-00015072": "so rainbow bright was in charge of rainbow land she turned rainbow land into a colorful place", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00022-00015072-00015584": "it used to be all grayish you know no colors she put colors in it and that's what she does", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00023-00015640-00016104": "and there were color kids that she rescued those are her friends and they're in charge of their", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00024-00016104-00016688": "assigned colors of the rainbow so you have like red butler you have buddy blue you know which was", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00025-00016688-00017304": "my favorite actually buddy blue canary yellow just different colors were her friends she had", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00026-00017304-00017920": "starlight which was her horse yes starlight was her horse and i always wanted starlight never had", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00027-00017920-00018432": "him but you know it was a talking horse with the colorful hair so that's what she wrote on", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00028-00018432-00018944": "and there's villains lurky and murky so there were the villains that were always trying to", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00029-00018944-00019488": "steal colors they hated colors um it was a really cool show they had the cereal i used to i used to", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00030-00019488-00020120": "eat the cereal all the time i remember like it was yesterday the cereal guys oh it was so good", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00031-00020120-00020568": "and then you know i had the record i remember it was a read-along of the book it came with", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00032-00020568-00021152": "the book and i mean everything rainbow bright was just totally 80s i remember this was definite big", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00033-00021152-00021664": "part of my childhood and i'm glad to get her back in the collection she's in fantastic condition", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00034-00021728-00022528": "so this is exactly the same rainbow this velcro hands so there you go this is the same doll i had", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00035-00022528-00023024": "so all i gotta get back now is the car and swing and that's pretty much it so i'm so grateful to", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00036-00023024-00023592": "get her back in the collection thank you tom and lacey for allowing me to participate in this video", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00037-00023592-00024360": "i'll see you guys later hey it's your boy fresh and i'm mary and we are a couple of nerds and", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00038-00024360-00025000": "do you nerd invited us to their 80s toys second chances challenge so that's what we are going to", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00039-00025000-00025520": "be showing you today now we're a little we were a little young in the 80s so our collection's", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00040-00025520-00026208": "not going to be as big i don't have very many memories from the 80s well that's because she", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00041-00026208-00027152": "was born in 1965 and so the 80s are just a blur of cocaine whatever like 20 years later", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00042-00027527-00028448": "so let's go ahead and jump in so here we have the ljn wwf figures from 84 to 87. now", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00043-00028512-00029408": "growing up i had macho man king kong bundy iron sheik and hulk hogan and since then we've added", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00044-00029520-00030256": "right piper bruce bar beefcake the mouth of the south jimmy heart and mean jean my favorite is", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00045-00030312-00031080": "cheeky baby baby for me i had uh all the different kinds of polly pockets this was one of the ones", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00046-00031080-00031960": "that i had it was made in 1989 it's buttons animal hospital it's pretty cool as you can see", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00047-00032224-00032736": "of course this one that i was able to find later in life doesn't have any of the figures with it", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00048-00032736-00033232": "because most of the time when you find these poly pockets even if they're in good shape like this", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00049-00033232-00033816": "one pretty good shape um they don't have the figure still with them here we got the dynamic", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00050-00033816-00034616": "duo from kenner's 1984 super powers line now this is actually my original robin i can tell", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00051-00034680-00035272": "because he's got a lighter fluid or lighter burn on his back he got into a fight but i did", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00052-00035272-00036008": "have to reacquire this batman because you can't break up the set so my batman broke so were you", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00053-00036008-00036688": "fighting him using fire yes he got into a fight someone burned him so he got", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00054-00036768-00037552": "a burn mark on his back well 80s collection would be complete without some masters of the universe", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00055-00037632-00038576": "i had buzz off growing up so i reacquired him and then i added mechanic and mantana but no he meant", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00056-00038576-00039456": "you gotta have him i like the villains baby and from 1982 we have peachy from my little pony and", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00057-00039552-00040128": "even relevant to this day which is why i got it because even our daughter to this day can", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00058-00040128-00041072": "play with my little pony finally we come to 1987 tonka supernaturals i had both these", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00059-00041072-00041712": "as a kid and reacquired them later um a lot of some people don't know about these they've got", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00060-00041712-00042184": "holograms yeah so look at that changes from a skeleton to a zombie", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00061-00042384-00042976": "they all had these little chest plates they all had hoods they all had weapons and shields so he's", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00062-00042976-00043632": "got his shield weapon chest plate he just has a chest plate so did you shut it off yeah of course", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00063-00043720-00044336": "what a bunch of pathetic losers caring about the 80s the 90s is where it's at oh yeah", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00064-00044336-00046384": "definitely all right", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00065-00047072-00047672": "it was the summer of 1986 and it was just weeks before my fifth birthday and there", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00066-00047672-00048544": "was only one thing that my heart desired only one special birthday gift that i needed and that was", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00067-00048616-00049408": "the animal not the freaking muppet baby get that out of here not that stupid 2001 movie with rob", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00068-00049408-00050224": "schneider i'm talking about the 80s we're talking about that animal from gloop for weeks leading up", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00069-00050224-00050928": "to my birthday i had been seeing commercials for the animal on tv and the song was stuck in my head", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00070-00051744-00052288": "so on my fifth birthday much to my surprise my parents got me the animal they didn't only give", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00071-00052288-00052784": "me the animal they got me the one i wanted the red one i didn't want the black truck and i didn't", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00072-00052784-00053472": "want the yellow car i wanted the red suv so i got it and it was awesome and i played with this thing", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00073-00053472-00054096": "all the time i ran it over obstacles in my room i took it outside anything to see those claws come", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00074-00054096-00054855": "out and just make its way over any terrain you put in front of it was so amazing to me but sometime", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00075-00054928-00055776": "between 1986 and 1988 when i moved to south carolina my animal either got lost broken trashed", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00076-00055776-00056384": "stolen given away or left behind i don't know what happened to it so fast forward to", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00077-00056448-00057200": "2013 when i began the journey of recollecting all my nes games and everything else nostalgic", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00078-00057272-00057904": "i came across an animal commercial on youtube and decided that i needed it back in my life so", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00079-00057904-00058616": "because i love the animals so much in 2020 when i realized they were re-releasing the animal i", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00080-00058616-00059144": "got this for my son for christmas this one's a little more cartoony and growls and shakes and", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00081-00059144-00059679": "eventually rolls right out of the box after you do the steps that it requires but it's pretty awesome", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00082-00059679-00060160": "so as you can see it is retro inspired it's red it's a truck it has yellow claws that come", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00083-00060160-00060648": "out the front the retractable claws work about the same once it meets resistance they come out", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00084-00060648-00061264": "just like so now on the back there are no longer claws and actually just has big knobby tires but", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00085-00061264-00061784": "it still works about the same it's pretty awesome i'll turn it on for you for just a quick second", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00086-00062055-00062560": "so as you can see he's pretty angry if you hit this i think it makes him go", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00087-00062720-00063520": "yep so there it is the 2020 version of the animal so obviously i'm very happy to have my original", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00088-00063520-00063960": "animal back in my life and it's pretty cool to have this new version of the animal 2 for my son", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00089-00063960-00064416": "to play with i think this thing is awesome and i'm so happy to have it back in my collection", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00090-00064416-00064840": "thanks d nerd for the chance to show off this awesome 80s toy the animal", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00091-00065255-00065664": "tom and lacey i can't even tell you how excited i am to actually do this video", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00092-00065744-00066152": "a lot of people don't really know that i started collecting toys before i actually", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00093-00066152-00066624": "started collecting video games yeah it was your first thing you really started collecting for", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00094-00066624-00067000": "before anything you don't even know what i picked out yet i don't she was giving me guesses but she", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00095-00067000-00067600": "doesn't know so the first one i thought because it was high on your list to collect for yeah was", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00096-00067600-00068312": "he-man and battle cat i thought it might be that he said no and i was like okay you're not thinking", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00097-00068312-00069016": "properly the first thing you really collected was your g1 optimus prime you had to get a g1", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00098-00069016-00069712": "optimus prime and i remember that now and i'm like that has to be it that has to be us oh fudge what", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00099-00069800-00070512": "so i had this voltron when i was younger this is the voltron it was there were", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00100-00070568-00071016": "some huge ones there were some mountains or some monstrosities that were just ginormous", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00101-00071176-00071760": "we were probably considered a poor family and this is the one that my mom could afford", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00102-00071760-00072248": "and this is the one i had and i absolutely loved it because i loved voltron back then", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00103-00072336-00072984": "quick story they had a contest for the voltron show back when it was on", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00104-00073040-00073896": "you would uh draw your favorite voltron lion and pilot and mail it into them and then i", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00105-00073896-00074304": "think it was weekly or maybe even daily i'm not 100 sure on that they would pick", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00106-00074360-00075144": "a certain amount and then they would give away a voltron yeah and my cousin won i think it was", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00107-00075144-00075928": "mine i don't know that i've ever even heard this michael john won and i did not but this is the one", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00108-00075928-00076448": "that my mom bought me for christmas it came with a sword and a shield that i could not get i still", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00109-00076448-00077104": "cannot find because the swords that i find are for the bigger voltron these voltrons are like those", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00110-00077104-00077592": "little wind the pullback cars because they got the little rubber tires on them you'll pull them", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00111-00077592-00078184": "back and spring-load it and then zip along like those cars yeah um i had to collect it in pieces", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00112-00078184-00079000": "yes i remember that ebay i do not see these at all around here nope um it probably ran", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00113-00079000-00079656": "me over 100 bucks just to get this in pieces separate pieces if anybody has a sword and shield", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00114-00079656-00080416": "i want to buy it all right guys thanks for inviting us there i i i really enjoy my 80s toys", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00115-00080416-00080928": "there that was the best generation for toys it was absolutely back to you guys", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00116-00081192-00081656": "what's up everybody zombie jlt1 your supernatural gamer gaming beautician and", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00117-00081656-00082256": "king of the supernatural stream talking to you today about retro toys this is another passion", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00118-00082256-00082848": "of mine besides retro game collecting that just like game collecting has been with me since as", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00119-00082848-00083440": "far back as i can remember what you're looking at is a variety of different lines that i have", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00120-00083440-00083944": "managed to save throughout the years a lot of these are childhood favorites and still", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00121-00083944-00084560": "remain favorites to this day but one of the toy lines that i unfortunately lost as a kid", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00122-00084680-00085464": "was my collection of computer warriors now you're probably wondering what are the computer warriors", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00123-00085464-00086112": "computer warriors was a line that was released by mattel uh in the late 80s early 90s i want to say", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00124-00086184-00087064": "it had a pilot cartoon episode that was supposed to launch with the toys but sadly the cartoon did", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00125-00087064-00087680": "not get picked up if you are interested in seeing that i do believe it's still available on youtube", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00126-00087680-00088640": "it's a very cool blend of hand-drawn animation and early cgi computer animation highly recommended", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00127-00088640-00089312": "it's your basic good guy versus bad guy story the good guys the computer warriors were led by", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00128-00089312-00090176": "the hero rom and it was their job to capture the virus warriors led by their leader megahertz now", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00129-00090288-00091296": "these toys were unique in that they actually had a toy feature and an actual use feature to them", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00130-00091296-00092024": "for example in the show both the heroes and the bad guys take household items and convert", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00131-00092024-00092872": "them into assault vehicles and this is the techno tank it's a digital clock that gets converted by", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00132-00092872-00093536": "one of the good guys of course the bad guys have to have their own version so they converted a", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00133-00093608-00094328": "soccer trophy into a tank the bad guys had a pencil sharpener that turned into", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00134-00094392-00095208": "a jet fighter and the good guys actually converted a pepsi can into a jet fighter now aside from", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00135-00095208-00096024": "the pepsi cam like i said a lot of these actually worked the pencil sharpener could sharpen pencils", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00136-00096024-00096744": "the digital clock actually told time there was a calculator that was fully functional turned into a", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00137-00096744-00097560": "tank my favorite was a actually working flashlight that turned into a rocket fighter that my favorite", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00138-00097560-00098336": "character piloted there was a book that housed a rocket ship as well and then there was the", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00139-00098432-00099120": "giant playset which was a computer that folded out and had various uh platforms and things", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00140-00099120-00099736": "for you to use and then they also had some loose figurines and loose fighter jets they were called", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00141-00099736-00100312": "circuit speeders because they had little circuit boards on the bottom a very unique very cool line", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00142-00100384-00101096": "sadly short lived in both the toy and animated form but if you like this kind of thing i", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00143-00101096-00101712": "highly suggest you look into it take a look at the pilot see what you think see if that's actually", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00144-00101712-00102088": "something you would have watched and if these were actually a toys that you might have played", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00145-00102088-00102720": "with yourself let me know what you think i do want to thank deuner for inviting me to be a part of", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00146-00102720-00103280": "this i can't wait to see what you guys have in store for the rest of us because i love to see", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00147-00103344-00103944": "what toys just like what games made you happy as a kid and still make you happy as an adult", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00148-00103944-00104392": "and if you're looking to find those special pieces be sure to reach out to us", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00149-00104392-00105008": "in the retro community who are toy collectors i'm sure we'd be more than happy to help you reconnect", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00150-00105008-00105688": "to those good memories and good feelings so until then zombie jlt1 i will see you later", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00151-00106008-00106496": "hey guys jason the corpse floodgaming here and i had a lot of awesome toys when i was a kid", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00152-00106496-00107032": "and for the most part a lot of the important ones made it through intact but one of my all-time", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00153-00107032-00107632": "favorite toys unfortunately was destroyed now if you know anything about me you know i'm a gigantic", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00154-00107632-00108192": "ghostbusters fan so that should be no surprise and one of the most important toys as a ghostbuster", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00155-00108192-00108864": "fan when you were a kid is the ecto one and when uh the nostalgia hit and i started wanting to", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00156-00108864-00109440": "pick up all my old toys and bring them to my own house from my old room that was one of the", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00157-00109544-00110144": "most devastating moments was finding it and then noticing that the whole side was ripped off it", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00158-00110200-00110832": "so when my wife and i got married we went on our first trip out of town together afterwards and", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00159-00110832-00111496": "the first thing i saw in this nerd store we went in was the ecto-1 and at that time the nostalgia", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00160-00111496-00112032": "price wasn't really hitting it yet so i picked it up for around 40 bucks canadian which was awesome", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00161-00112032-00112720": "it had the box which is a little worse for wear but cool to have either way and", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00162-00112720-00113232": "the only thing that was different from my actual one that i had growing up was i actually had the", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00163-00113232-00113904": "ecto-1a which is the ecto-1 from ghostbusters 2 but in the age of the internet i was able to just", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00164-00113904-00114552": "go on ebay and buy a sticker sheet just when i was a about to add the stickers to my acto 1", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00165-00114632-00115176": "hasbro in their infinite wisdom decided hey let's re re-release to go with the counter ghostbusters", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00166-00115176-00115808": "we released last year so naturally i bought two and as soon as those arrive i'm gonna add these", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00167-00115808-00116416": "to it and then i'll have the exact ecto one i had as a child and another second", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00168-00116504-00117064": "chance speaking of those kind of ghostbusters i always wanted the original four ghostbusters", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00169-00117128-00117600": "so naturally when these were announced i had to buy two sets i'm still waiting to open", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00170-00117600-00118096": "these because it's going to be painful to open them but me and the kids got to play with these", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00171-00118168-00118664": "all right i want to thank tom and lacey for having me on uh of course i'll be down", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00172-00118664-00119183": "for just about any toy related video you guys want to do in the future see you guys later bye", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00173-00119432-00120024": "okay those are some awesome toys and if there's any of those that aren't already", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00174-00120024-00120535": "in your collection how many of you are jumping over to ebay after all of this", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00175-00120535-00121216": "to hunt those down oh oh you put that hand down i thought you were talking to me all right well", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00176-00121216-00121688": "what about you what is a toy you used to have you got rid of lost whatever", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00177-00121688-00122424": "but you've gotten it back it's your second chance well mine is a duo and it's not the dynamic duo", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00178-00122504-00123176": "it's teddy ruxman and grubby i had him as a kid i loved him to death i had all of his different", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00179-00123176-00123648": "clothing i would change out his clothing depending on what book i was listening to i absolutely loved", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00180-00123648-00124152": "the fact that you had these books that you could you know read along with and he read them to you", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00181-00124152-00124776": "and i absolutely love it teddy was mine and grubby was actually my sisters but we were five years", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00182-00124776-00125288": "apart so we basically our toys were this each other's toys and the cool thing about these guys", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00183-00125288-00125744": "is teddy is the one who actually does all the work but you just have a cable that runs to", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00184-00125744-00126183": "grubby and then when it's grubby's parts he would actually talk gotcha so it's always kind of cool", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00185-00126256-00126759": "he's animatronic he's super cool now i didn't ever want to actually hurt him but i was always", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00186-00126759-00127359": "fascinated by his mouth and eyes moving so i would never poke real hard but i would just feel", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00187-00127359-00127904": "his eyes blink because i don't know why fascinated me i think one time i accidentally pushed too hard", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00188-00127904-00128359": "and poked his eye out so he only kind of had one eye and i'm pretty sure that's why", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00189-00128424-00128768": "i didn't have teddy anymore i think it freaked my mom out and she got rid of teddy", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00190-00128768-00129168": "yeah sounds like that freaked me yeah so i definitely will not be doing that to this teddy", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00191-00130080-00130576": "for the most part i was really good with my toys i i really did hang on to a lot of stuff you didn't", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00192-00130576-00131232": "poke their eyes out no there might have been some firework mishaps with some but most of all i kept", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00193-00131232-00131656": "a lot of my stuff actually for years and years i just packed it away and hang on to it but there", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00194-00131656-00132640": "was one guy one golden guy okay seriously i was not obsessed with the series captain power i i", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00195-00132640-00133232": "had the jet and i had this dude right here which is the titular captain power captain shiny pants", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00196-00133232-00133808": "he's he's about the same size as a gi joe figure he doesn't quite have the articulation", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00197-00133808-00134352": "his hands don't hold any of the gi joe weapons or anything which you know kind of sucked back", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00198-00134352-00134976": "then but it was always cool because i would integrate him into the joe's fight with cowboy", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00199-00135112-00135664": "because you know i mean he just looked cool his helmet his visor and he's got that little uh spot", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00200-00135664-00136168": "in his chest where if you put a light back there it glows so he seemed like this uber futuristic", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00201-00136168-00136840": "warrior i have no idea what happened to my captain power figure it got lost somewhere along", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00202-00136840-00137560": "the way and i think i found him to a rocket no no sending him back to buck rogers i found this guy", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00203-00137560-00138016": "for 50 cents at a flea market and i was like you know what yeah it's time to add you back to the", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00204-00138016-00138440": "collection so are you sure that joe's would have actually let him play along i mean he looks like a", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00205-00138440-00139176": "rich man trying to play army with his gold armor there what are your superpowers again i'm rich", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00206-00139376-00139856": "that's that's where joe's got their funding listen listen duke you just gotta let him", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00207-00139856-00140288": "let him pretend all right he's uh funding the general and the uss flag over there", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00208-00140512-00140944": "yeah peace i love peace be out of a job with pete all right well there you guys", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00209-00140944-00141640": "have it i would like to offer a huge thank you to everybody who joined us for this collaboration", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00210-00141696-00142080": "naturally there will be links to all of their channels in the description below", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00211-00142080-00142488": "please go check them all out give them likes give them subs let them know that", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00212-00142488-00143104": "you saw them talking about toys over on do you nerds channel and as for you guys nerdlings drop", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00213-00143104-00143680": "some comments down below tell us about your toys what did you have you got rid of lost whatever", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00214-00143680-00144360": "but you got it back it's your second chance toy give the video a like notification bell", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00215-00144360-00144936": "all that jazz you know how it works i i don't even need uh teddy and grubby to tell you how it works", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00216-00145048-00145864": "hi there my name is teddy ruxpin how are you today fine well then don't forget to like us on facebook", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00217-00145864-00146256": "twitter and instagram because you definitely want to know when the next video is coming out because", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00218-00146256-00146816": "jen and us we got lots of ideas between us so there's gonna be a lot more 80s goodness coming", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00219-00146816-00147424": "your way and hit us up on the retro refresh go to chi public because we got merchandise over there", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00220-00147424-00148032": "and remember nerdlings if we like it we go for the gold and nerd it", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00221-00149904-00149944": "goodbye", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00222-00151312-00151384": "all nerdlings", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00223-00151672-00152784": "now i want to play with these toys", "krYDJOPy6Pc-00224-00153040-00153048": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "ks4Q2YCL-OI", "text": {"ks4Q2YCL-OI-00000-00000204-00000612": "Hello. Welcome to our video on Sentence Fragments.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00001-00001000-00001208": "So what is a sentence fragment?", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00002-00001258-00001955": "I compare a sentence fragment to the younger brother or sister of a complete sentence.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00003-00002030-00002920": "A fragments may look and act like a grown up (complete sentence), but it is missing one or more parts  (so it's still a kid).", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00004-00003141-00003989": "[Reads slide.]", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00005-00004734-00005302": "It is helpful to understand some of the types of fragments we commonly see in writing.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00006-00005596-00006438": "If we understand sentence patterns and phrases, we can understand the difference between a complete sentence and a fragment.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00007-00006458-00006722": "We also many of these phrases when we learned our comma rules.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00008-00007288-00009122": "[Reads slide.]", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00009-00009398-00010128": "Let's look at some examples to see how we edit and revise sentence fragments to make them complete sentences.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00010-00010246-00010973": "The first example sentence is missing a subject.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00011-00010973-00011651": "[Reads slide.]", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00012-00011962-00012834": "I added the subject- Joseph.  Now I have a complete sentence with a subject, verb, and complete thought.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00013-00013124-00013412": "This example is missing a verb.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00014-00013456-00015068": "[Reads slide.]", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00015-00015760-00016096": "To revise the sentence, I added the verb- belongs.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00016-00016476-00016692": "I also added a prepositional phrase - to the library- to clarify the complete thought.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00017-00016893-00017593": "Prepositional phrases are common fragments.  Remember, a phrase cannot be a complete sentence by itself.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00018-00017980-00018392": "Let's look at the example at the top of the slide.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00019-00018392-00018930": "\"Against the door\" is a prepositional phrase.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00020-00018944-00019596": "[Reads slide.]", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00021-00019596-00020374": "To revise the fragment, I simply attached the prepositional phrase to another sentence.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00022-00020578-00021120": "Dependent clauses are used in complex sentences.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00023-00021120-00021750": "Remember, dependent clauses do NOT express a complete thought, so they cannot stand alone.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00024-00021994-00022536": "Let's look at some examples of dependent clause fragments.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00025-00022640-00022948": "[Reads and annotate first example.]", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00026-00023010-00023162": "I have a subject- Mary.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00027-00023162-00023648": "[Underlines dependent clause after the subject- Mary.]", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00028-00023648-00024068": "There is no verb or independent clause, so this is a fragment.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00029-00024382-00024757": "In the second example, there is a dependent clause, but it isn't attached to an independent clause.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00030-00024884-00025372": "I use my knowledge of complex sentence to edit and revise both fragments.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00031-00025712-00026314": "[Reads revisions to first fragment.]", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00032-00026314-00027054": "[Annotates first revision.]", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00033-00027302-00027744": "The dependent clause is now an interrupter in the complete sentence.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00034-00028776-00029498": "Another revision is to drop the subordinate conjunction.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00035-00029593-00031281": "In the second example, I can attach the two clauses together by changing the period to a comma and creating a complex sentence.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00036-00031332-00031838": "Another revision is to change the dependent clause to an independent clause by dropping the subordinate conjunction.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00037-00032788-00033200": "Once I have two independent clauses, I can create a compound sentence if I want.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00038-00033504-00034028": "You can revise fragments in a variety of ways, but be sure to punctuate your revised sentence correctly.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00039-00034286-00034770": "We saw participle phrases with our study of comma rules.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00040-00034839-00035251": "[Read definition of participle form at top of slide.]", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00041-00035251-00036081": "To use a participle form as a main verb in a sentence, you must also use a helping verb.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00042-00036258-00036904": "Otherwise, use participle phrases as we did with comma rules.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00043-00036904-00037240": "[Reads last two bullet points on slide.]", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00044-00037534-00037958": "[Reads example of participle phrase fragment at top of slide.]", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00045-00037958-00038232": "[Circles participle to show fragment.]", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00046-00038496-00039126": "[Reads and annotates revised fragment.]", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00047-00039126-00039756": "I added the subject- I- and the helping verb - was- to make the fragment a complete sentence.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00048-00039970-00040378": "I can also attach the participle phrase to another sentence.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00049-00040378-00040914": "[Reads and annotates second example.]", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00050-00040988-00041350": "I used comma rules #9 and #10 to attach the phrase to the complete sentence.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00051-00042234-00042778": "Infinitive phrases work in a similar way to the other types of phrases we've seen.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00052-00042804-00043206": "An infinitive cannot be the verb of a sentence. There must be another verb.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00053-00043234-00043586": "[Circles \"was\" as the main verb of the sentence.]", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00054-00043586-00044264": "This example is a complete sentence because of the inclusion of the verb- was.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00055-00044648-00045534": "[Reads first example.  Underlines the infinitive phrase fragment.]", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00056-00045546-00045780": "[Reads explanation of fragment.]", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00057-00046060-00046294": "I have lots of choices in how to revise such fragments.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00058-00046340-00046780": "[Reads first revision example.]", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00059-00047518-00047686": "[Reads second example.]", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00060-00047686-00048274": "If I use an infinitive phrase as an introductory phrase, I must offset the phrase with a comma (rule 10).", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00061-00048412-00048682": "[Reads and annotates last example.]", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00062-00049094-00049398": "If I revise the phrase by adding a subject and a verb, I will have a complete sentence.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00063-00049830-00050874": "[Reads slide.]", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00064-00051536-00052170": "[Reads first example. Underlines the fragment.]", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00065-00052298-00052604": "My clue word in this phrase is \"especially\".", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00066-00052626-00052841": "There is a prepositional phrase, \"from the third floor.\"", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00067-00052841-00053048": "However, the phrase lacks a subject and verb, so it is NOT a complete sentence.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00068-00053155-00053732": "[Reads first example of how to fix the fragment.]", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00069-00053732-00054362": "I attached the fragment to the sentence before it, using comma rule #9. [Underlines complete sentence.]", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00070-00054934-00055379": "[Reads second way to fix the fragment.]", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00071-00055614-00055934": "[Underlines new, revised complete sentence.]", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00072-00055970-00056154": "[Reads two new sentences.]", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00073-00056898-00057258": "Run-ons and fragments are like brothers and sisters.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00074-00057258-00057588": "Both are common sentence construction errors.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00075-00057588-00058038": "If you understand the fundamental sentence patterns, you can revise any fragment or run-on.", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00076-00058086-00060200": "[Reads slide.]", "ks4Q2YCL-OI-00077-00060200-00061128": "As you edit and revise your writing, be on the look out for these common errors so that you can correct them."}}, {"audio_id": "ksr40j2Yk4U", "text": {"ksr40j2Yk4U-00000-00000000-00001196": "Watch other Sambar Links Given below", "ksr40j2Yk4U-00001-00001214-00003697": "Pumpkin 2 Slices, Drumstick 2, Potato 1", "ksr40j2Yk4U-00002-00003697-00005406": "Toor Dal 1 Cup (Cooked in Pressure Cooker with a pinch of Turmeric)", "ksr40j2Yk4U-00003-00005406-00006522": "Red Chillies 5, Coriander Seeds 1 Tbsp", "ksr40j2Yk4U-00004-00006522-00007078": "Channa Dal 1 Tbsp", "ksr40j2Yk4U-00005-00007078-00007344": "Grated Coconut 1 Tbsp", "ksr40j2Yk4U-00006-00007344-00008086": "Onion 1, Tomato 1", "ksr40j2Yk4U-00007-00008198-00009306": "Urad Dal 1 Tsp, Fenugreek 1/4 Tsp, Curry Leaves", "ksr40j2Yk4U-00008-00009306-00010096": "Gooseberry sized Tamarind soaked in Water", "ksr40j2Yk4U-00009-00010096-00010914": "Sambar Onion 10-15", "ksr40j2Yk4U-00010-00010914-00011592": "Coriander Leaves for Garnishing", "ksr40j2Yk4U-00011-00011592-00012408": "Salt and Oil", "ksr40j2Yk4U-00012-00013560-00028562": "For Masala : Heat 1 Tsp Oil, Roast Channa Dal, Urad Dal, Red Chillies, Coriander Seeds, Curry Leaves, Coconut, Onion, Tomato", "ksr40j2Yk4U-00013-00028562-00033052": "Extract Tamarind and mix all the vegetable, Turmeric powder and Cook for 10 minutes.  Add Salt after 5 minutes", "ksr40j2Yk4U-00014-00033052-00035076": "When the vegetables are done Add cooked Dal and the Ground Masala and mix well", "ksr40j2Yk4U-00015-00035076-00036818": "Add Salt and Remove from Stove When the froth appears and prepare the Tempering", "ksr40j2Yk4U-00017-00042886-00044602": "For Tempering : Mustard 1/2 Tsp, Jeera 1/2 Tsp, Urad Dal 1 Tsp, Curry Leaves.", "ksr40j2Yk4U-00018-00044602-00050290": "Heat Oil in a pan, Add Mustard, Jeera, Urad Dal, Onion, curry Leaves and add to the Sambar", "ksr40j2Yk4U-00019-00050290-00051116": "Masala Pumpkin Sambar is ready to serve with Idli, Dosa, Pongal or Rice", "ksr40j2Yk4U-00020-00051116-00052236": "Post your Comments and Subscribe for more Recipes.  Thanks for Watching"}}, {"audio_id": "ks_vksV6ShQ", "text": {"ks_vksV6ShQ-00000-00000000-00000088": "Hi Friends !!", "ks_vksV6ShQ-00001-00000088-00000288": "We are having a Race", "ks_vksV6ShQ-00002-00000288-00000488": "With Shark from hot wheels", "ks_vksV6ShQ-00003-00000488-00000688": "And RC from little people. Hi Alessandra", "ks_vksV6ShQ-00005-00000888-00001088": "Who is going to win the race!!!", "ks_vksV6ShQ-00006-00001088-00001288": "Shark", "ks_vksV6ShQ-00008-00001488-00001688": "or RC", "ks_vksV6ShQ-00017-00003288-00003488": "Ready Set Go!!", "ks_vksV6ShQ-00026-00005088-00005288": "RC WINS THE RACE!!!!", "ks_vksV6ShQ-00030-00005888-00006088": "One more time!!!", "ks_vksV6ShQ-00043-00008488-00008688": "Ready Set Go!!!!", "ks_vksV6ShQ-00056-00011088-00011288": "RC Wins Again!!!!!"}}, {"audio_id": "kt3oA-MiJ1u", "text": {"kt3oA-MiJ1u-00000-00000006-00000639": "in this chapter we want to compare the influence of different influences of", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00001-00000639-00001109": "different parameters inside the dynamics of fluids and we do this with a very", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00002-00001109-00001521": "specific kind of application in mind which is making miniature or enlarged", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00003-00001521-00002073": "versions of fluid flows so let me show you why this is important and what we", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00004-00002073-00002468": "want to do the principle is this we're engineers and we want to investigate", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00005-00002468-00003011": "flows that are difficult to reproduce so for example you could be working for an", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00006-00003011-00003435": "airplane manufacturer and you have an airplane which is 100 meters long and", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00007-00003435-00003717": "you want to improve the airplane so you have six different ideas for how to", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00008-00003717-00004212": "improve the plane and you want to try those out how do you do this without", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00009-00004212-00004871": "building six times an airplane that is just gigantic or you're", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00010-00004871-00005160": "interested in seeing how a mosquito flies there are lots of mosquitoes in", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00011-00005160-00005586": "this room and you want to study how the fluid flows around the wings of a", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00012-00005586-00006110": "mosquito and you certainly have to have an enlarged version of a", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00013-00006110-00006714": "model of a mosquito at hand to study this or you're interested in the fluid", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00014-00006714-00007158": "flow of liquid metal inside a furnace and so any instrument you put into the", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00015-00007158-00007590": "furnace just melts away with the heat how do you investigate this making a", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00016-00007590-00008184": "model making a model in which you can have fluids that are much more friendly", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00017-00008184-00008661": "to your instruments than liquid metal or you want to study fluid flow in a", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00018-00008661-00009104": "beating heart and so it turns out not too many people are happy for you just", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00019-00009104-00009440": "open their heart and stick instruments into it just to study the fluid flow in", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00020-00009440-00010160": "there so you want to make models of that and once you make all of those models", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00021-00010160-00010725": "then the question is how do you adapt the flow parameters for example your", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00022-00010725-00011142": "airplane model that you built is much cheaper than the real sized airplane", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00023-00011142-00011628": "this airplane model is 20 times smaller or 100 times smaller and the large", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00024-00011628-00012065": "airplane so what do you do with the velocity do you make it 100 times", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00025-00012065-00012572": "smaller - or or should that be a hundred times larger this is the question we try", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00026-00012572-00013147": "to answer and so what we want to do is this we want to have flows that are", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00027-00013147-00013526": "dynamically similar which means they are the exact", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00028-00013526-00014054": "miniature or enlarged version one of the other and the flows are dynamically", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00029-00014054-00014601": "similar when the flow parameters are the same so what we're trying to define here", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00030-00014601-00015116": "is what those flow parameters with this kind of mystifying term means and and", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00031-00015116-00015632": "how to make those the same okay let's take a look what I want to do is this we", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00032-00015632-00016016": "want to write an equation this is very well known very useful which is the", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00033-00016016-00016481": "non-dimensional version of the navier-stokes equation so what I'm gonna", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00034-00016481-00016809": "do for this is is we're gonna start with the navier-stokes equation the Navier Stokes", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00035-00016809-00017142": "equation says mass times acceleration which is this part here this is the", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00036-00017142-00017753": "change in time of the velocity field and this is the acceleration field this here", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00037-00017753-00018329": "mass times acceleration is due to gravity pressure and shear and we want", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00038-00018329-00018759": "to rewrite this equation in a non-dimensional way so for this we're", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00039-00018759-00019281": "going to create non-dimensional terms and we start with time which we're going", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00040-00019281-00019875": "to rewrite as T star instead of T we're on T star and I'm going to define this", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00041-00019875-00020322": "as a combination of factors on the right and I'm gonna explain those I'm gonna do", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00042-00020322-00020697": "the same thing for velocity for pressure for gravity and for the mathematics of", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00043-00020697-00021209": "vector E operation is the non-dimensional del operator so a", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00044-00021209-00021519": "non-dimensional term is is basically a way of saying every time you have a", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00045-00021519-00021984": "vector which is an arrow it has three dimensions you split", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00046-00021984-00022398": "this into two components and one is the length of that vector and the other is", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00047-00022398-00022835": "the geometry the direction in which is pointing and when every time write this", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00048-00022835-00023279": "vector with a star meaning it's a unit vector that points in the same direction", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00049-00023279-00023778": "as the original vector but has only length one and the length itself will be", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00050-00023778-00024269": "embedded inside the scalar term over here so we replace the vector by a", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00051-00024269-00024687": "scalar multiplied by unit vector okay and we do this for many physical", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00052-00024687-00025262": "dimensions and what we do is time time first is we take time we say this time", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00053-00025262-00025709": "multiplied by the frequency at which the flow repeats itself so we're going to run", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00054-00025709-00026106": "time non-dimensional time from zero to one", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00055-00026106-00026568": "every time we're going to study a flow instead of studying it for 30 seconds we", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00056-00026568-00026973": "study it for from 0 to 1 1 corresponds to 30 seconds", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00057-00026973-00027620": "0 corresponds to 0 and so this happens in within the period 1 over F or with", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00058-00027620-00028095": "the frequency F over here yeah so very high frequency flow is highly unsteady", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00059-00028095-00028530": "changes all the time while a low frequency flow we have a very long", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00060-00028530-00029048": "repeating period or an infinitely long period and is then quasi steady", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00061-00029048-00029592": "this non-dimensional velocity field is the same thing we take a velocity field", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00062-00029592-00029991": "here and we divide it by the length of the velocity field everywhere yeah so we", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00063-00029991-00030495": "get this sea of little vectors this entire field of little vectors which are", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00064-00030495-00030902": "oh length 1 and are pointing in the direction where the fluid flow is going", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00065-00030902-00031494": "every time so V Star is a unit vector field and we do the same thing for", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00066-00031494-00031992": "pressure pressure we take pressure as being we subtract from pressure a P", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00067-00031992-00032448": "infinity a reference value if you want and we divide this pressure by a", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00068-00032448-00032928": "reference standard pressure over here now we get P star and this P star if you", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00069-00032928-00033432": "choose your reference value is p 0 and P infinity wisely this P star goes from 0", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00070-00033432-00033939": "to 1 so you have all the pressures inside your field are normalized down", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00071-00033939-00034557": "from 0 to 1 then we have non dimensional gravity which is again gravity divided", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00072-00034557-00034980": "by the norm of gravity and then we have non dimensional math which we need to", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00073-00034980-00035391": "manipulate those unit vector fields and this is going to be non-dimensional del", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00074-00035391-00035862": "which is some reference length multiplied by the del operator over here", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00075-00035862-00036618": "and you put those now into the normal terms so you force those into the normal", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00076-00036618-00036888": "terms you have those things so we're going to replace", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00077-00036888-00037329": "every time time by non-dimensional time divided by frequency we're gonna replace", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00078-00037329-00037710": "velocity by the length of velocity multiplied by unit vectors and so on so", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00079-00037710-00038244": "forth so we replace normal fully physical terms with non-dimensional", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00080-00038244-00038751": "versions of those and we put this now into the navier-stokes equation and this is", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00081-00038751-00039111": "very tedious to go through and I'll let you go through if you want looking at", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00082-00039111-00039474": "the notes but I'm gonna skip through all the algebra through the math so we just", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00083-00039474-00039810": "pretend we can read this very fast you take the navier-stokes equation here", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00084-00039810-00040159": "you insert those non terms over there and of course you get", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00085-00040159-00040521": "this which becomes that which becomes this which becomes that again and this", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00086-00040521-00041059": "again and that again and then you write this equation this is now, the principle", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00087-00041059-00041538": "here is important, we have an equation with terms where there are scalars", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00088-00041538-00042009": "that have physical values and those terms are in front of unit vectors and", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00089-00042009-00042390": "this equation looks like this this is it this is the navier-stokes equation it is", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00090-00042390-00042946": "not more or less than the usual every Stokes equation it says exactly", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00091-00042946-00043275": "the same thing there's not more or less information in there it is just", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00092-00043275-00043756": "rewritten in a different way and the way it is written is that we have every time", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00093-00043756-00044305": "in brackets the length of the vectors and every time in green here those terms", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00094-00044305-00044709": "in green are all non dimensional vectors which are vectors they're pointing in", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00095-00044709-00045288": "the way that the vector would point but they all have a length one and it's", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00096-00045288-00045646": "kind of cool because now you can rewrite again this equation and reorganize those", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00097-00045646-00046306": "terms here until you have terms here that all have no dimension no dimension", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00098-00046306-00046722": "at all and so you land on this equation here which I just wrote", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00099-00046722-00047224": "previously this equation there and in those we like to give those blue terms", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00100-00047224-00047697": "here we'd like to give those names and so we define by convention for", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00101-00047697-00048106": "historical reasons the Strouhal number as being the frequency times the length", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00102-00048106-00048543": "divided by velocity then the Euler number as a difference in pressures", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00103-00048543-00049021": "divided by Rho V squared then the Froude number has become as velocity divided by", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00104-00049021-00049546": "the spirit of gravity and the reference length and the Reynolds number as being", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00105-00049546-00050040": "Rho times V times L divided by mu and then once you insert those into the", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00106-00050040-00050541": "navier-stokes equation you get this this is the supercool glorious non", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00107-00050541-00050988": "dimensional incompressible navier stokes equation this is the navier stokes equation", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00108-00050988-00051682": "but written in a way that those vectors here that are all little star vectors", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00109-00051682-00052332": "they all have length 1 and in front of those vectors you have numbers scalar", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00110-00052332-00052764": "fields for numbers which are the values the links of every time the the local", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00111-00052764-00053332": "vector and those lengths here have been given names", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00112-00053332-00053766": "have a Strouhal number here you have one over the square of the Froude number we", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00113-00053766-00054229": "could have defined… we could have given a name to one over Froude squared but for", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00114-00054229-00054664": "historical reasons it just happens to be like so you have minus the Euler number", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00115-00054664-00055210": "here and you have one over the Reynolds number there and all of those are", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00116-00055210-00055690": "compared to this reference value which is one here which is sometimes", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00117-00055690-00056301": "implicitly written it's not even written and so you can see now that the", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00118-00056301-00057192": "magnitude of the pressure term here this term this is compared to the magnitude", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00119-00057192-00057637": "of the acceleration field yeah the magnitude of the convective of the", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00120-00057637-00058126": "velocity and so you can see that those terms here give you the relative weight", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00121-00058126-00058566": "of different terms inside Navier Stokes equation compared to how much the flow", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00122-00058566-00059350": "is accelerating locally this is super cool it's super cool for two reasons the", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00123-00059350-00059809": "first reason is that we quantify the relative weight of the terms and this is", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00124-00059809-00060199": "not because we are physicists or we're very curious about this but typically", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00125-00060199-00060577": "because we want to neglect those we want to remove some of the terms and so", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00126-00060577-00060964": "finding out which ones we can neglect is easy now because all we have to do is is", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00127-00060964-00061432": "quantify those one two three and four numbers here compare them to one", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00128-00061432-00061929": "yes and so if one over the Reynolds number is is very close to zero", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00129-00061929-00062449": "then we can just dump this term here from the equation yes if the Euler number", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00130-00062449-00062766": "is very close to zero then we can just dump the pressure term form our", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00131-00062766-00063223": "equations and this saves us a lot of time when we compute flows especially", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00132-00063223-00063763": "with computers and the second reason why this is great is that we can know now", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00133-00063763-00064291": "how to obtain dynamic similarity between two scales this is what we started this", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00134-00064291-00064711": "presentation with dynamic similarity between two scales means if you have a", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00135-00064711-00065355": "miniature version of a full scale flow you want to have the same unit vectors", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00136-00065355-00065872": "oscillating and vibrating than in the original form then you need to put the", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00137-00065872-00066280": "same numbers here yes if you want to have the same non-dimensional velocity", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00138-00066280-00066724": "field then you need to create in your miniature version of the flow", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00139-00066724-00067183": "you need to create the same Strouhal number the same Euler", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00140-00067183-00067522": "number the same Froude number and the same Reynolds number which it turns out", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00141-00067522-00067843": "in practice is very difficult but at least from a physical point of view we", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00142-00067843-00068320": "know what we need to do in order to create miniature or in large versions of", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00143-00068320-00069120": "certain flows so this is called the super cool super duper Navier Stokes", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00144-00069120-00069532": "equation non dimensional navier-stokes equation or short for tattoo-it-on-your-arm", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00145-00069532-00069892": "non dimensional incompressible navier stokes equation yeah it's cool", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00146-00069892-00070402": "enough actually to tattoo it on your arm and to study and in fact typically in fluid", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00147-00070402-00070930": "mechanics you may call this even the Sphinx because SPHINX is the acronym of", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00148-00070930-00071464": "the of equation it turns out if you look at what it's called you could say it's", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00149-00071464-00072027": "some pretty important equation no exaggeration so it's definitely worth", "kt3oA-MiJ1u-00150-00072027-00072651": "your time studying and understanding the meaning of this equation."}}, {"audio_id": "ktfqACx2d6y", "text": {"ktfqACx2d6y-00000-00000576-00001160": "I fell on ice and I caught myself.", "ktfqACx2d6y-00001-00001362-00001634": "My arm hurt but it wasn't a big", "ktfqACx2d6y-00002-00001639-00002132": "deal. I thought it's just gonna go away but then as time went on it got my movement", "ktfqACx2d6y-00003-00002132-00002656": "restricted and then-- When was that fall? --Like, mid-January...", "ktfqACx2d6y-00004-00002656-00003436": "And then it got so I couldn't lift it. I couldn't go behind my back. It was just excruciatingly painful.", "ktfqACx2d6y-00005-00003556-00004335": "She has been in so much pain. I have never as a person or physician seen anybody in so much pain", "ktfqACx2d6y-00006-00004335-00004889": "non-stop. I mean, there was just no way... I ran into the", "ktfqACx2d6y-00007-00004889-00005421": "orthopod and he asked , \"How's Jenn doing?\" and", "ktfqACx2d6y-00008-00005421-00005723": "I said well we're gonna seek some other treatment because she can't live like", "ktfqACx2d6y-00009-00005724-00005920": "this, Jim, she just can't.", "ktfqACx2d6y-00010-00006288-00006720": "So here we are right after the procedure go ahead let's lift the arms up sideways both of them.", "ktfqACx2d6y-00011-00006820-00007088": "Up you go. Go ahead! Wow!", "ktfqACx2d6y-00012-00007264-00007464": "I'm gonna go slowly down though, right?", "ktfqACx2d6y-00013-00007640-00007900": "That's like exactly like the videos online!", "ktfqACx2d6y-00014-00008260-00008660": "You're actually a doctor, physician yourself. From a physician's perspective what would you say?", "ktfqACx2d6y-00015-00008692-00009272": "I don't want to curse but it's hard to believe. You see, you hear a", "ktfqACx2d6y-00016-00009272-00009827": "lot of.. I mean I went to an allopathic medical school and you know", "ktfqACx2d6y-00017-00009827-00010355": "we hear a lot of things about chiropractors and things about it's not", "ktfqACx2d6y-00018-00010355-00010790": "gonna work and I watch the video and I just couldn't believe it and now seeing", "ktfqACx2d6y-00019-00010790-00011225": "it with my own eyes and I'm a painfully honest person and if it didn't work I'd", "ktfqACx2d6y-00020-00011225-00011657": "look right into the camera and say,  \"That's crap.\"  --And what do you say to the camera now?", "ktfqACx2d6y-00021-00011657-00012203": "I'm saying, I'm saying... --It's amazing! --Yeah I can't I", "ktfqACx2d6y-00022-00012203-00012817": "can't wait to run into the orthopod. When we run into the orthopod that was", "ktfqACx2d6y-00023-00012817-00013366": "treating Jennifer I want her to go, \"Hi Dr. Davidson. How are you?\" He's not gonna", "ktfqACx2d6y-00024-00013368-00013568": "believe it.", "ktfqACx2d6y-00025-00013604-00013872": "I'm Jennifer Lysaght from Finley, Ohio and", "ktfqACx2d6y-00026-00013896-00014546": "um I've had my frozen shoulder for probably three months maybe a little bit", "ktfqACx2d6y-00027-00014546-00015122": "longer. I went to an orthopedic doctor. They did cortisone shots, physical", "ktfqACx2d6y-00028-00015122-00015784": "therapy... Nothing really worked to get rid of the pain or help my range of motion", "ktfqACx2d6y-00029-00015796-00016487": "so I started searching on the internet and found Dr. Austin and he helped me", "ktfqACx2d6y-00030-00016487-00016745": "tremendously just like I can't believe from yesterday", "ktfqACx2d6y-00031-00016745-00017398": "today has much better I'm feeling! So I do all the exercises I've got a lot of", "ktfqACx2d6y-00032-00017398-00018232": "range of motion back and I'm in less pain and with no pain medication so...", "ktfqACx2d6y-00033-00018332-00018684": "Amazing. Good. Come back down.", "ktfqACx2d6y-00034-00018684-00018868": "Any pain you're dealing with coming up?", "ktfqACx2d6y-00035-00018880-00019160": "And you're coming up just all by yourself.", "ktfqACx2d6y-00036-00019160-00019748": "That is amazing! --Yeah, because I couldn't lift my arm past here.", "ktfqACx2d6y-00037-00020004-00020606": "Yesterday I told Dr. Austin I'm a pediatrician and allopathic medicine and", "ktfqACx2d6y-00038-00020606-00021191": "I can't believe it. I just I cannot. When she showed me the video online when", "ktfqACx2d6y-00039-00021191-00021764": "she found that I just said no no and then we saw the cure rate was almost 100% and", "ktfqACx2d6y-00040-00021764-00022296": "when she brought those arms up yesterday I just... I couldn't believe it.", "ktfqACx2d6y-00041-00022332-00022920": "We are very thankful that we found Dr. Austin for sure!"}}, {"audio_id": "ku29LjMwHaQ", "text": {"ku29LjMwHaQ-00000-00000220-00000694": "We're doing another clean up at the coast here at Little Island. Again down in", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00001-00000694-00001027": "Lower Courtstown and we have some people further around by the treatment", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00002-00001027-00001419": "plants. We're picking up the litter and where possible trying to separate", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00003-00001419-00001785": "some of it out so that it can go to be recycled rather than going to landfill.", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00004-00001785-00002398": "This has been organized by Cork Nature Network, Cork Environmental Forum", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00005-00002398-00002700": "and I've been involved in somewhat. And, of course, we've been supported by the", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00006-00002700-00003247": "Green Party, who have come out in numbers to help this event by clearing up the", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00007-00003247-00003685": "litter on the beach. Now, a lot of the litter here has washed in. I've been", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00008-00003685-00004023": "talking to the locals and this is the fourth or fifth litter pickup they have", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00009-00004023-00004414": "had this year. Mostly plastic bottles. We're finding bits of metal, we're finding", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00010-00004414-00005221": "cotton buds, and just general plastics. There isn't much other materials.", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00011-00005221-00005641": "We're finding a few bits of metal and a few bits of concrete and glass bottles,", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00012-00005641-00006094": "but really mostly plastic is what we're finding. Cork is a natural harbour and", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00013-00006094-00006508": "it's like a drain on the area, where people are washing stuff onto the", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00014-00006508-00006951": "coastline, and this is why they're having to clear so often.", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00015-00007688-00008117": "We are picking off some litter off this beach. We're doing a coast clean because", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00016-00008117-00008570": "as you can see we're on a lovely stretch of the coast here. Unfortunately, there's", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00017-00008570-00009152": "a lot of plastic waste on this coastline and it doesn't seem as though there's", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00018-00009152-00009506": "very much preventative work being done to prevent all this litter from", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00019-00009506-00009928": "happening. Well, mostly what I found today was this.", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00020-00009928-00010688": "So this is the plastic section of a cotton bud and obviously these are", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00021-00010688-00011150": "getting flushed and these are ending up washing up in the coast. So obviously", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00022-00011150-00011492": "this is quite a small and light piece of plastic so it's all over the place and", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00023-00011492-00011909": "it's actually quite labour-intensive to remove them. And the thing that's", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00024-00011909-00012386": "annoying me about these today is that the UK has actually banned these from being", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00025-00012386-00012809": "put into production, and there are alternatives that aren't plastic, and yet", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00026-00012809-00013319": "nothing is actually being done here. Again it's an issue of there's", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00027-00013319-00013738": "plastics ending up in our oceans and on our beaches. They're going back into the", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00028-00013738-00014269": "food chain. Like, if this is allowed to continue in the ocean, what will happen", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00029-00014269-00014647": "is that it will turn into smaller and smaller pieces of plastic through", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00030-00014647-00015085": "attrition and end up being ingested by fish. There's lots of plastic-free", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00031-00015085-00015662": "alternatives that people can use and there's a lot of ways that you can", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00032-00015662-00016076": "reduce the amount of plastic that you are using. So the first thing really is", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00033-00016076-00016501": "to reduce the amount of plastic that you're using. If you can lobby our", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00034-00016501-00017072": "politicians to ban these at source and stop them from going into production in the", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00035-00017072-00017516": "first place to make it easier for people and make it cheaper for people. And then,", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00036-00017516-00017963": "after that, if you do have to use these please dispose", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00037-00017963-00018445": "them properly so that they don't end up on the beach.", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00038-00018445-00018754": "There's about, I think, between 40 and 50 people. Some people had the gloves and", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00039-00018754-00019106": "some people had the litter pickers, collecting stuff and", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00040-00019106-00019445": "separating them if possible. So putting plastic bottles and glass bottles", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00041-00019445-00019975": "separate so they can take them home to be recycled. Mostly plastic, bottles, a lot of", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00042-00019975-00020836": "bottles and glass bottles and cans and cotton buds, like the middles", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00043-00020836-00021730": "of that, and then straws and stuff like plastic. It's washing in from the river.", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00044-00022936-00023576": "Cleaning up here on Courtstown beach in Little Island. Just litter picking.", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00045-00023576-00024084": "It's amazing how much litter there is here. There's huge amounts. All sorts of things.", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00046-00024084-00024403": "It's just we live in such a wasteful society. We chuck everything away.", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00047-00024403-00024987": "This is the remains of a mattress that somebody checked away.", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00048-00024987-00025359": "I've got a bag here full of little sticks, which have come from", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00049-00025359-00025825": "cotton buds. Loads of them. Hundreds of them. We've got to just", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00050-00025825-00026214": "get rid of plastics and we've got to be a lot more careful about", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00051-00026214-00026500": "everything else. Single-use plastics should be gone. We should be", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00052-00026500-00026935": "banning them. The UK are looking at doing it now. Things like cotton buds, straws,", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00053-00026935-00027402": "all of these things. Just stop making them out of plastic. The current", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00054-00027402-00027795": "government are blocking the Green Party's proposal. We've a waste reduction", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00055-00027795-00028177": "bill in front of the Oireachtas. Fine Gael aren't going there with it to", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00056-00028177-00028495": "bring in things like a deposit-refund scheme for plastic bottles. There's loads", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00057-00028495-00028933": "of them here. Hundreds of them. All sorts of bits and pieces. Get rid of single-use", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00058-00028933-00029368": "plastics out of our society. Polystyrene as well. There's polystyrene all over the", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00059-00029368-00029716": "place. Get rid of it. There's no need for those packing material. There's loads of", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00060-00029716-00030162": "options. You can use cardboard. You can use paper. You can use all sorts.", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00061-00030162-00030663": "There's now biodegradable plant-based versions of polystyrene and", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00062-00030663-00031113": "things. Get rid of it. It'll be here for hundreds of years and it's", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00063-00031113-00031561": "killing the fish in our seas. They found it up in the Artic", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00064-00031561-00031972": "now, thousands of miles away from the nearest people and yet the pollution", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00065-00031972-00032320": "is spreading everywhere around our planet. We just got to get rid of it. We've got to", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00066-00032320-00032660": "get a lot tidier. The government have to step up. Our government are not", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00067-00032660-00033065": "stepping up to this at all. Even the Tories in the UK seem to be doing it", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00068-00033065-00033500": "better than our guys and so we've just really got to get going a lot more.", "ku29LjMwHaQ-00069-00033500-00033640": "Take this stuff seriously, you know?"}}, {"audio_id": "kuDUcEkIGVQ", "text": {"kuDUcEkIGVQ-00000-00000056-00000720": "we had to change two videos from a dislike to a like. one of those includes one from sidewinds", "kuDUcEkIGVQ-00001-00000720-00001312": "channel, which i had disliked for over five months until today, and one from nicki,", "kuDUcEkIGVQ-00002-00001312-00001912": "which i had disliked since the early days of my channel, and until today, just a minute ago, because", "kuDUcEkIGVQ-00003-00001912-00002480": "it had not have subtitles at the time, but they finally had them, and that was all because of an", "kuDUcEkIGVQ-00004-00002480-00003096": "error in the beginning. yay. i finally liked two more videos, removing two more from the old ones."}}, {"audio_id": "kuHQe4us31Q", "text": {"kuHQe4us31Q-00000-00000635-00002467": "(Music playing) People use many different lines of evidence", "kuHQe4us31Q-00001-00002467-00002777": "when trying to figure out what our ancestral diet might", "kuHQe4us31Q-00002-00002777-00002968": "have been.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00003-00002968-00003482": "Often you hear a lot of talk about early humans or our caveman ancestors.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00004-00003482-00004046": "While most anthropologists don't often actually use the term caveman or caveperson,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00005-00004046-00004503": "you know precisely what images these words conjure when I say them.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00006-00004503-00004832": "And they're often invoked as models of our ancestral past,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00007-00004832-00005041": "because of their lifestyle.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00008-00005041-00005615": "For the bulk of human history, our ancestors were hunters and gatherers, also known as", "kuHQe4us31Q-00009-00005615-00005821": "foragers.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00010-00005821-00006296": "Most scientists today use the word forger our hunter-gatherer synonymously.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00011-00006296-00006531": "And they're used to refer to groups of people who still", "kuHQe4us31Q-00012-00006531-00006825": "collect the majority of their diet from wild foods", "kuHQe4us31Q-00013-00006825-00007100": "and essentially live off of the land.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00014-00007100-00007734": "Scientists, and also quite often the media, consider the diets of foraging populations", "kuHQe4us31Q-00015-00007734-00008139": "to be the basis for the evolution of human nutrition.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00016-00008139-00008742": "These forager diets are also presumed to be representative of the Paleolithic diet.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00017-00008742-00009181": "It's important to remember, however, that hunter-gatherers are by no means models", "kuHQe4us31Q-00018-00009181-00009457": "of Paleolithic populations.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00019-00009457-00009888": "As anthropologist Robert Kelly has noted, people often want to see foragers", "kuHQe4us31Q-00020-00009888-00010443": "as quote \"the people who time forgot,\" which is simply not the case.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00021-00010443-00010715": "They're as modern as you and me.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00022-00010715-00011161": "But what makes them special is that they live a life most similar to the one that our", "kuHQe4us31Q-00023-00011161-00011338": "ancestors lived.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00024-00011338-00011889": "And there are still many examples of hunter-gatherer groups in the world today.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00025-00011889-00012324": "Hunter-gatherers are often used as representatives of our ancestral past, because they practice", "kuHQe4us31Q-00026-00012324-00012799": "a nomadic lifestyle that characterizes the bulk of human history.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00027-00012799-00013491": "But these traits, as we'll see, only extend to some foraging populations today.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00028-00013491-00013803": "This means that we can't really use contemporary peoples", "kuHQe4us31Q-00029-00013803-00014069": "as analogs of the past.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00030-00014069-00014661": "But we can use data on their diet and lifestyle to test some assumptions about the evolution", "kuHQe4us31Q-00031-00014661-00014869": "of human diet.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00032-00014869-00015363": "After all, for 95% of human history we've been hunters and gatherers.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00033-00015363-00016024": "This makes them ideal populations for studying evolutionary aspects of nutrition.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00034-00016024-00016453": "Before we can dive into their diet, we first have to sort out how to define", "kuHQe4us31Q-00035-00016453-00016667": "what a hunter-gatherer is.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00036-00016667-00017181": "This might seem straightforward, but it's not a very easy task.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00037-00017181-00017590": "Most people define hunters and gatherers, or foragers, almost", "kuHQe4us31Q-00038-00017590-00018045": "completely by the composition of their diet.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00039-00018045-00018495": "Anthropologists like me use what is called their mode of subsistence, which is basically", "kuHQe4us31Q-00040-00018495-00018835": "just the way in which they acquire their food.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00041-00018835-00019219": "And this is seen as one of their most notable traits.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00042-00019219-00019597": "In the most austere definition, they don't tend crops,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00043-00019597-00019859": "they don't herd animals, and the bulk of their diet", "kuHQe4us31Q-00044-00019859-00020237": "comes from wild foods, both plant and animal.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00045-00020237-00020675": "And these foods can include plants, game meat, fish,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00046-00020675-00020817": "and insects.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00047-00020817-00021050": "Most of the world's hunting and gathering populations", "kuHQe4us31Q-00048-00021050-00021623": "now practice what is called mixed subsistence, meaning they eat a diet that includes", "kuHQe4us31Q-00049-00021623-00022095": "varying degrees of wild foods mixed with agricultural products.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00050-00022095-00022522": "They might grow their own food, trade with agricultural neighbors, or even receive", "kuHQe4us31Q-00051-00022522-00022940": "food subsidies from government and aid organizations.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00052-00022940-00023175": "While it might be romantic to think that there are still", "kuHQe4us31Q-00053-00023175-00023635": "lost tribes in the world who are subsisting on only wild foods,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00054-00023635-00023876": "this idea isn't supported by any data.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00055-00023876-00024449": "In 1966, there was a very famous workshop on the state of the world's foragers.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00056-00024449-00024699": "It was led by two anthropologists, Richard Lee", "kuHQe4us31Q-00057-00024699-00024799": "and Irven Devore.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00058-00024799-00025123": "And it was called Man the Hunter.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00059-00025123-00025657": "At that time, when the symposium was held, it was estimated that the world's then existing", "kuHQe4us31Q-00060-00025657-00026300": "foraging populations represented less than 0.001%", "kuHQe4us31Q-00061-00026300-00026564": "of the world's population.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00062-00026564-00027113": "In the mid-1990s it was then estimated that of the few remaining hunting and gathering", "kuHQe4us31Q-00063-00027113-00027575": "groups, no population was consuming an entirely wild", "kuHQe4us31Q-00064-00027575-00027737": "diet.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00065-00027737-00028214": "And this is what lead author and anthropologist Robert Kelley to propose that the criterion", "kuHQe4us31Q-00066-00028214-00028625": "for categorizing a foraging population based on diet composition", "kuHQe4us31Q-00067-00028625-00028987": "should mean that approximately 10% to 15% of the diet", "kuHQe4us31Q-00068-00028987-00029243": "came from domesticated foods.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00069-00029243-00029945": "So using this as our baseline, this means that no populations would meet the criteria", "kuHQe4us31Q-00070-00029945-00030161": "in the 21st century.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00071-00030161-00030683": "There are other criteria that researchers may use, beyond diet, to classify a population", "kuHQe4us31Q-00072-00030683-00030883": "as hunter-gatherers.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00073-00030883-00031368": "One of them is their unique social life, which includes a high degree of mobility,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00074-00031368-00031547": "where they move around the environment in search", "kuHQe4us31Q-00075-00031547-00031760": "of resources.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00076-00031760-00032008": "Some researchers think that foragers should be categorized", "kuHQe4us31Q-00077-00032008-00032295": "based on their kinship systems, or the way in which", "kuHQe4us31Q-00078-00032295-00032639": "they organize their familial relationships.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00079-00032639-00032900": "And some believe that foragers can be defined based on", "kuHQe4us31Q-00080-00032900-00033484": "whether or not their food economy is generalized or immediate-return versus", "kuHQe4us31Q-00081-00033484-00033820": "complex or delayed-return.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00082-00033820-00034042": "Immediate-return foragers consume their yield shortly", "kuHQe4us31Q-00083-00034042-00034251": "after they've collected it.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00084-00034251-00034732": "And delayed-return foragers store their food for varying lengths of time.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00085-00034732-00034980": "And these are just a few definitions.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00086-00034980-00035178": "Many more abound.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00087-00035178-00035568": "As anthropologist Richard Lee, one of the organizing scientists of the Man", "kuHQe4us31Q-00088-00035568-00036115": "the Hunter Symposium states, \"Even if it's agreed that hunters and gatherers", "kuHQe4us31Q-00089-00036115-00036380": "exist, almost everything else about them", "kuHQe4us31Q-00090-00036380-00036682": "is a matter for contestation.\"", "kuHQe4us31Q-00091-00036682-00037207": "All of these categorizations are important, because they provide a snapshot of how difficult", "kuHQe4us31Q-00092-00037207-00037516": "it is to bin populations based largely on what", "kuHQe4us31Q-00093-00037516-00037688": "they eat.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00094-00037688-00038237": "It's also important because most people, particularly those interested in learning about the evolution", "kuHQe4us31Q-00095-00038237-00038578": "of human nutrition, are not aware of what a hunter-gatherer", "kuHQe4us31Q-00096-00038578-00038836": "really is.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00097-00038836-00039209": "Despite a lot of media attention when a heretofore unseen group", "kuHQe4us31Q-00098-00039209-00039713": "emerges out of the rain forest, the reality is that these populations are rarely", "kuHQe4us31Q-00099-00039713-00040140": "eating a predominantly wild diet and almost certainly are not", "kuHQe4us31Q-00100-00040140-00040247": "uncontacted.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00101-00040247-00040630": "Rather they have achieved their present day situations", "kuHQe4us31Q-00102-00040630-00041255": "out of sustained interaction with other groups, in some instances for at least 100 years.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00103-00041255-00041518": "This history is important and relevant to the discussion", "kuHQe4us31Q-00104-00041518-00041786": "of what we evolved to eat.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00105-00041786-00042252": "And this is because foragers are still used as referential models of our Paleolithic", "kuHQe4us31Q-00106-00042252-00042599": "diet for a few important reasons.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00107-00042599-00043113": "More than ever, as their populations dwindle, these small groups are receiving a renewed", "kuHQe4us31Q-00108-00043113-00043471": "time in the media and scientific spotlight, unparalleled", "kuHQe4us31Q-00109-00043471-00043772": "since the 1960s and '70s.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00110-00043772-00044335": "So knowing what the limitations are and how to interpret dietary data from foragers", "kuHQe4us31Q-00111-00044335-00044598": "is important to appreciating what they can tell us", "kuHQe4us31Q-00112-00044598-00044869": "about human nutrition.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00113-00044869-00045094": "First of all, we have good historic data from foragers", "kuHQe4us31Q-00114-00045094-00045266": "all around the world.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00115-00045266-00045821": "For those populations who are no longer foraging, we know what they were eating at the time", "kuHQe4us31Q-00116-00045821-00046027": "they were foraging.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00117-00046027-00046319": "So for these groups, much of the ethnographic data", "kuHQe4us31Q-00118-00046319-00046808": "was collected at or before the turn of the 20th century.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00119-00046808-00047280": "Secondly, these data are important, now more than ever, because they can help", "kuHQe4us31Q-00120-00047280-00047655": "us determine what foragers eat in different ecosystems", "kuHQe4us31Q-00121-00047655-00048111": "and how they stay healthy year round with a limited diet.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00122-00048111-00048740": "And we can also learn if wild diets can really provide what our species need, nutritionally", "kuHQe4us31Q-00123-00048740-00048862": "speaking.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00124-00048862-00049065": "We were all once foragers.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00125-00049065-00049402": "We all descend from foraging populations.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00126-00049402-00049683": "And it wasn't until approximately 10,000 years ago", "kuHQe4us31Q-00127-00049683-00049944": "that our lifestyle changed.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00128-00049944-00050516": "With the advent of agriculture, our species shifted from being nomadic hunter-gatherers", "kuHQe4us31Q-00129-00050516-00050850": "to mixed subsistence farmers and horticulturalists who", "kuHQe4us31Q-00130-00050850-00051193": "ate domesticated plants and animals.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00131-00051193-00051455": "This is one of the reasons why early scientists have", "kuHQe4us31Q-00132-00051455-00051769": "been so keen on researching foraging diet for well", "kuHQe4us31Q-00133-00051769-00052083": "over the past 100 years.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00134-00052083-00052538": "During the 19th century, foragers were considered to represent our \"primitive", "kuHQe4us31Q-00135-00052538-00052804": "state,\" language no longer used by anthropologists", "kuHQe4us31Q-00136-00052804-00053082": "or other scientists, because it's not only offensive", "kuHQe4us31Q-00137-00053082-00053311": "but it's also inaccurate.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00138-00053311-00053644": "The language was used however because the general consensus", "kuHQe4us31Q-00139-00053644-00053892": "was that they lived a life like the one Thomas Hobbes", "kuHQe4us31Q-00140-00053892-00054363": "famously dubbed as \"nasty, brutish, and short.\"", "kuHQe4us31Q-00141-00054363-00054858": "This notion is also something that we realize now is inaccurate.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00142-00054858-00055291": "But these notions persisted, even at the turn of the 20th century.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00143-00055291-00055731": "And by the time the 21st century rolled around, the number of foraging populations", "kuHQe4us31Q-00144-00055731-00056019": "had plummeted to less than a dozen.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00145-00056019-00056429": "And this would be the number we would use if we define hunters and gatherers as", "kuHQe4us31Q-00146-00056429-00056691": "individuals who obtained the majority of their food from", "kuHQe4us31Q-00147-00056691-00056951": "wild resources.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00148-00056951-00057305": "In terms of the environments where modern day foragers live,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00149-00057305-00057622": "you could say that they call almost all ecological settings", "kuHQe4us31Q-00150-00057622-00057729": "home.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00151-00057729-00058316": "You find foragers in arctic regions, living in snow, or coastal settings, or both,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00152-00058316-00058825": "like the Yupik of Alaska who eat a combination of purchased foods from the market and wild", "kuHQe4us31Q-00153-00058825-00059120": "foods, like seal and whale meat.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00154-00059120-00059411": "The average Yupik person eats about 20 times more", "kuHQe4us31Q-00155-00059411-00059960": "omega-3 fats from fish than people living in the lower 48 states.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00156-00059960-00060354": "And later in the course, we'll discuss how the Inuit of Greenland, another arctic", "kuHQe4us31Q-00157-00060354-00060663": "foraging population, is specifically adapted", "kuHQe4us31Q-00158-00060663-00060797": "to a diet based on omega-3s.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00159-00060797-00061252": "There are other foragers who live on the coast in different climates", "kuHQe4us31Q-00160-00061252-00061569": "and ecological zones who also exploit marine life,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00161-00061569-00061986": "but don't contend with snow, like the Bajau of Malaysia, who", "kuHQe4us31Q-00162-00061986-00062336": "dive in the ocean for almost everything that they eat.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00163-00062336-00062525": "Some live in homes on the beach.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00164-00062525-00062808": "Some live in homes built on stilts in the ocean.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00165-00062808-00063007": "And some live in boats.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00166-00063007-00063487": "You can also find foragers living in rain forests, savannas, mountains, and", "kuHQe4us31Q-00167-00063487-00063962": "desert, in high altitudes and low altitudes.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00168-00063962-00064329": "Humans have successfully managed to live and thrive", "kuHQe4us31Q-00169-00064329-00064614": "in even the most extreme settings.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00170-00064614-00065260": "There is as much cultural variation as there is ecological and climatic variation.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00171-00065260-00065532": "Not all foragers are the same.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00172-00065532-00065957": "Their identities are informed by different customs, beliefs,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00173-00065957-00066441": "clothing, art, material objects, child-rearing practices,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00174-00066441-00066732": "and even family formation.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00175-00066732-00067236": "What's most relevant for our discussion here is variation in food.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00176-00067236-00067557": "And this specifically means the range of foraging techniques", "kuHQe4us31Q-00177-00067557-00067992": "that foragers use and the foods that they exploit.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00178-00067992-00068361": "Given such a wide range of ecologies exploited by foragers", "kuHQe4us31Q-00179-00068361-00068899": "it becomes pretty clear that great variation, in terms of overall diet composition,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00180-00068899-00069123": "exists between populations.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00181-00069123-00069432": "So it's safe to say that there has never been just one", "kuHQe4us31Q-00182-00069432-00069837": "Paleolithic diet, but many.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00183-00069837-00070098": "While the specific foods and the foraging techniques used", "kuHQe4us31Q-00184-00070098-00070630": "might vary around the world, we can come up with some basic generalizations.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00185-00070630-00070925": "All hunting and gathering groups in the world, for instance,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00186-00070925-00071268": "process their food, whether this is through fermentation,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00187-00071268-00071726": "germination, or mechanical processing, like pounding or winnowing, or whether it", "kuHQe4us31Q-00188-00071726-00071955": "was through dehydration or thermal treatment, which", "kuHQe4us31Q-00189-00071955-00072111": "is also known as cooking.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00190-00072111-00072497": "There are also some general traits of how much plant material might make up", "kuHQe4us31Q-00191-00072497-00072948": "the diet, depending on where in the world foragers live.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00192-00072948-00073199": "Some have suggested that the closer a group lives", "kuHQe4us31Q-00193-00073199-00073720": "to the equator, with the higher temperature, the more they depend on a broadly plant-based", "kuHQe4us31Q-00194-00073720-00074014": "diet supplemented with meat.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00195-00074014-00074513": "And the lower the temperature, the more they depend on marine resources.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00196-00074513-00074767": "We have really interesting data on the diets of people living", "kuHQe4us31Q-00197-00074767-00075187": "in tundra regions, the coldest of all of the biomes,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00198-00075187-00075673": "characterized by permafrost, low temperatures, and short growing seasons.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00199-00075673-00075970": "In these areas, plant foods contribute only a modest", "kuHQe4us31Q-00200-00075970-00076566": "6 to 15% of the diet, whereas the remainder is provided by both marine and terrestrial", "kuHQe4us31Q-00201-00076566-00077002": "animal meat, like reindeer or whale meat.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00202-00077002-00077479": "Arctic foragers represent a unique category of hunter-gatherer, largely because they", "kuHQe4us31Q-00203-00077479-00077773": "live in such extreme climates.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00204-00077773-00078142": "This influences the types of food available to them.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00205-00078142-00078427": "For one thing, they're somewhat unique among forager", "kuHQe4us31Q-00206-00078427-00078852": "populations, because they're known to have stored food, both plant and animal.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00207-00078852-00079286": "A thick layer of permafrost dominates the environment,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00208-00079286-00079545": "lying about a foot below the surface of the ground,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00209-00079545-00079941": "and provides a ready made freezer for food storage.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00210-00079941-00080527": "In addition to digging holes in the ice, so-called below-ground storage, many populations,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00211-00080527-00081125": "like the Yupik that I just mentioned, take advantage of above-ground storage devices.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00212-00081125-00081376": "My colleagues at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas", "kuHQe4us31Q-00213-00081376-00081757": "are currently exploring the use of these types of food storage.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00214-00081757-00082211": "Liam Frink, and ethnoarchaeologist and his graduate student Celeste Girodano", "kuHQe4us31Q-00215-00082211-00082489": "wanted to explore what types of food get stored in", "kuHQe4us31Q-00216-00082489-00082792": "these containers and whether or not the same practice", "kuHQe4us31Q-00217-00082792-00083169": "is in use among present day Yupik foragers.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00218-00083169-00083535": "Celeste traveled to Yupik villages and worked with the women to learn about this", "kuHQe4us31Q-00219-00083535-00083739": "type of food processing.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00220-00083739-00084198": "The team found that Yupik used bags that are made out of organs, like the stomach", "kuHQe4us31Q-00221-00084198-00084744": "of a caribou, fish skin bags, or hollowed out seal carcasses.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00222-00084744-00085161": "This has interesting implications for the way that we think about diet composition", "kuHQe4us31Q-00223-00085161-00085339": "and tool use.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00224-00085339-00085856": "The dietary data we have for arctic foragers suggests that, unlike their neighbors", "kuHQe4us31Q-00225-00085856-00086256": "from more temperate climates, they consume a majority of meat.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00226-00086256-00086652": "And this is likely due to the fact that they're able to harvest marine resources", "kuHQe4us31Q-00227-00086652-00086813": "more readily in the winter months.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00228-00086813-00087316": "There is a burgeoning literature, however, that suggests that we may have overlooked", "kuHQe4us31Q-00229-00087316-00087658": "critical plant resources in some of our historical reconstructions", "kuHQe4us31Q-00230-00087658-00087836": "of diet.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00231-00087836-00088180": "The image that we think of when we imagine an arctic diet", "kuHQe4us31Q-00232-00088180-00088479": "is one that is composed almost entirely of meat,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00233-00088479-00088855": "but this might not be completely accurate.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00234-00088855-00089167": "As we continue to collect data from present day arctic", "kuHQe4us31Q-00235-00089167-00089481": "foragers we get a better handle on what these plant foods", "kuHQe4us31Q-00236-00089481-00089751": "might've included, like different species of berries", "kuHQe4us31Q-00237-00089751-00089954": "or even kelp.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00238-00089954-00090417": "On the other hand, temperate climate foragers like those who live in the subtropical areas", "kuHQe4us31Q-00239-00090417-00090749": "of Africa and South America, eat a diet that's largely", "kuHQe4us31Q-00240-00090749-00091083": "composed of plant foods, ranging from 40% to 60% of", "kuHQe4us31Q-00241-00091083-00091538": "the diet, with far less meat than previously thought.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00242-00091538-00092024": "Much of my research focuses on the diet of one of Africa's last foraging populations,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00243-00092024-00092299": "the Hadza of Tanzania.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00244-00092299-00092673": "The Hadza are a really interesting population to work with, because they live in northern", "kuHQe4us31Q-00245-00092673-00092954": "Tanzania in an area of East Africa that's often", "kuHQe4us31Q-00246-00092954-00093319": "considered to be the crucible of human evolution.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00247-00093319-00093793": "Many important fossil finds in paleoanthropology have been made just north of my field site", "kuHQe4us31Q-00248-00093793-00094022": "at Olduvai Gorge.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00249-00094022-00094472": "The famous Laetoli Footprints, which were made by early hominids called Australopithecines,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00250-00094472-00094825": "were discovered nearby to where the Hadza live.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00251-00094825-00095073": "The Laetoli Footprints are considered key finds", "kuHQe4us31Q-00252-00095073-00095431": "in evolutionary anthropology, because the impressions, which", "kuHQe4us31Q-00253-00095431-00095924": "were made about 3.6 million years ago, show that these creatures were bipedal,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00254-00095924-00096413": "a trait that is thought to be one of the hallmarks of human evolution.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00255-00096413-00096762": "Beyond their geography, the Hadza are considered an important population", "kuHQe4us31Q-00256-00096762-00097188": "in which to study evolutionary questions, because they've been found to have some of", "kuHQe4us31Q-00257-00097188-00097513": "the oldest mitochondrial DNA ever tested.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00258-00097513-00098217": "Put very simply, mitochondrial DNA, or mtDNA, is passed from a mother to her children.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00259-00098217-00098712": "And it doesn't recombine, which means it passes almost unchanged.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00260-00098712-00099129": "Sarah Tishkoff, a professor of genetics at the University of Pennsylvania,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00261-00099129-00099487": "led a study that suggests that Hadza mitochondrial DNA can", "kuHQe4us31Q-00262-00099487-00100067": "be dated back to greater than 35,000 years ago, and potentially as long as 50,000 years", "kuHQe4us31Q-00263-00100067-00100226": "ago.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00264-00100226-00100723": "In addition to these reasons that I just mentioned, the Hadza are also the focus of much media", "kuHQe4us31Q-00265-00100723-00101193": "and scientific attention, because a portion of the population is still foraging", "kuHQe4us31Q-00266-00101193-00101525": "for the majority of their diet.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00267-00101525-00101877": "Of their total population, which numbers approximately 1,000", "kuHQe4us31Q-00268-00101877-00102199": "people, around 200 are still practicing a hunting", "kuHQe4us31Q-00269-00102199-00102429": "and gathering way of life.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00270-00102429-00102820": "This means that the bulk of their diet is still derived from wild plant foods and", "kuHQe4us31Q-00271-00102820-00102988": "game animals.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00272-00102988-00103369": "They still wake up every day and have to locate and process", "kuHQe4us31Q-00273-00103369-00103679": "at least a large portion of what they feed their families.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00274-00103679-00103993": "I've worked among the Hadza since 2004.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00275-00103993-00104440": "I became interested in working with them, because I was really interested to see", "kuHQe4us31Q-00276-00104440-00104793": "if I could learn about the ways in which ecology, diet", "kuHQe4us31Q-00277-00104793-00105348": "composition, and food sharing impacted changes throughout human evolution, like brain size", "kuHQe4us31Q-00278-00105348-00105564": "and reproduction.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00279-00105564-00105872": "The Hadza are not, of course, a Stone Age population.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00280-00105872-00106067": "They're just as modern as we are.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00281-00106067-00106395": "But as we've already mentioned, they live a nomadic lifestyle,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00282-00106395-00106867": "in the absence of agriculture or permanent dwellings.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00283-00106867-00107233": "This idea of living off the land and the associated differences", "kuHQe4us31Q-00284-00107233-00107683": "in social behavior and community structure are the topics that really piqued my interest", "kuHQe4us31Q-00285-00107683-00107888": "as a young graduate student.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00286-00107888-00108076": "So off I went.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00287-00108076-00108508": "One of the reasons that we know so little about the diet of the world's foragers", "kuHQe4us31Q-00288-00108508-00108849": "is because it can be quite difficult to reach them.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00289-00108849-00109385": "For the Hadza, unlike many other populations, this is still true today.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00290-00109385-00109583": "Once I got out there and finished my pilot study", "kuHQe4us31Q-00291-00109583-00109961": "in the summer of 2004, I was hooked.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00292-00109961-00110454": "I decided during that hot, dry summer, a summer where by the way everything went", "kuHQe4us31Q-00293-00110454-00110753": "wrong, that I'd made the right choice.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00294-00110753-00111100": "Despite never having camped, despite running out of water,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00295-00111100-00111324": "despite not knowing the language beyond the basics of hi", "kuHQe4us31Q-00296-00111324-00111741": "and bye, I realized that this is where I wanted to be.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00297-00111741-00112008": "I was a budding anthropologist interested in looking", "kuHQe4us31Q-00298-00112008-00112638": "at the ways in which nutrition and human biology influenced behavior in small scale societies.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00299-00112638-00112983": "So naturally, I had the time of my life.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00300-00112983-00113254": "And I've been going back almost every year, sometimes", "kuHQe4us31Q-00301-00113254-00113525": "twice a year, for 13 years.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00302-00113525-00113916": "Things are changing and pretty rapidly.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00303-00113916-00114383": "When I started collecting my dietary data, the Hadza who I worked with were eating almost", "kuHQe4us31Q-00304-00114383-00114641": "exclusively wild foods.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00305-00114641-00115133": "Flash forward five years later and their diet began incorporating more and more purchased,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00306-00115133-00115476": "traded, or donated foods, processed foods as well as", "kuHQe4us31Q-00307-00115476-00115735": "agricultural products.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00308-00115735-00116134": "But the data that I wanted to talk about today is from my first years out in the bush with", "kuHQe4us31Q-00309-00116134-00116314": "the Hadza.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00310-00116314-00116686": "Those were the years when their diet was almost all foraged foods.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00311-00116686-00116920": "This is not to say that their transitional diet isn't", "kuHQe4us31Q-00312-00116920-00117315": "important or that we can't learn a lot about human history", "kuHQe4us31Q-00313-00117315-00117923": "by looking at how diet changes when hunter-gatherers begin to settle in one place.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00314-00117923-00118151": "Quite the opposite in fact.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00315-00118151-00118561": "As a nutritional anthropologist, I think we need to pay close attention to the", "kuHQe4us31Q-00316-00118561-00118830": "diet as people begin to eat domesticated agricultural", "kuHQe4us31Q-00317-00118830-00119153": "products as their primary source of nutrition.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00318-00119153-00119551": "And we'll be talking about this again later in the course.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00319-00119551-00119758": "But right now, I want to share with you the outcome", "kuHQe4us31Q-00320-00119758-00119983": "of my work on Hadza diet.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00321-00119983-00120235": "It turns out that the diet of the forging Hadza", "kuHQe4us31Q-00322-00120235-00120502": "is incredibly well-balanced.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00323-00120502-00121015": "What I mean by that is that it's highly seasonal and includes plant foods, like fruits and", "kuHQe4us31Q-00324-00121015-00121522": "greens, nuts, seeds, legumes, honey, and meat from a wide variety", "kuHQe4us31Q-00325-00121522-00121751": "of animals.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00326-00121751-00121983": "There are really important seasonal differences in what", "kuHQe4us31Q-00327-00121983-00122196": "resources are available.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00328-00122196-00122420": "During the wet season, which lasts roughly from November", "kuHQe4us31Q-00329-00122420-00122690": "to May, rain can seem ever present.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00330-00122690-00123063": "During this time, their diet is dominated by plant foods,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00331-00123063-00123507": "only about 17% of the diet at this time comes from game meat.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00332-00123507-00123861": "And this is likely linked to the availability of drinking water.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00333-00123861-00124341": "More water available for people and animals means that everyone can spread out on the", "kuHQe4us31Q-00334-00124341-00124447": "land.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00335-00124447-00124934": "It's easier to find water, but harder to find large game animals, because you don't", "kuHQe4us31Q-00336-00124934-00125103": "know where they'll be drinking.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00337-00125103-00125384": "They could be anywhere on the landscape, because water is not", "kuHQe4us31Q-00338-00125384-00125642": "a limiting resource.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00339-00125642-00126053": "During the dry season however, which lasts roughly from June to October,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00340-00126053-00126301": "water is quite limited.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00341-00126301-00126649": "During this time, animals become easier to hunt.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00342-00126649-00126917": "People and animals need to congregate around the watering", "kuHQe4us31Q-00343-00126917-00127040": "holes.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00344-00127040-00127499": "And this makes it easier to hunt, particularly when hunters are using sleeping", "kuHQe4us31Q-00345-00127499-00127909": "blinds to ambush animals when they come to drink.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00346-00127909-00128105": "During this time, the amount of meat in their diet", "kuHQe4us31Q-00347-00128105-00128533": "jumps to about 34%, but is still overwhelmingly composed", "kuHQe4us31Q-00348-00128533-00128833": "of plant foods and honey.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00349-00128833-00129206": "Quantified dietary composition data, like these for the Hadza,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00350-00129206-00129584": "highlight the significance of a varied diet.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00351-00129584-00129926": "While meat remains an important part of the hunter-gatherer diet, it's not the", "kuHQe4us31Q-00352-00129926-00130097": "main component.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00353-00130097-00130457": "And the meat that foragers are consuming is very different from the meat that the majority", "kuHQe4us31Q-00354-00130457-00130716": "of the world consumes.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00355-00130716-00130958": "Those of us who live in the postindustrialized west,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00356-00130958-00131437": "in places like the US and Europe, tend to consume commercially produced meat,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00357-00131437-00131748": "meat that's far removed in both time and space from where", "kuHQe4us31Q-00358-00131748-00131967": "the animal lived.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00359-00131967-00132411": "While this is changing now, the vast majority of meat that we tend to eat is produced", "kuHQe4us31Q-00360-00132411-00132663": "in large industrial settings.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00361-00132663-00133032": "And much of the meat that we eat is from grain-fed animals.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00362-00133032-00133702": "Interestingly, as an aside, most of us probably think meat is meat.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00363-00133702-00134215": "The reality is that what an animal eats can have a profound impact on the nutritive", "kuHQe4us31Q-00364-00134215-00134526": "qualities of the meat that it produces.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00365-00134526-00134859": "Grass-fed meat, for example, is lower in saturated fats", "kuHQe4us31Q-00366-00134859-00135199": "and higher in omega-3 fatty acids.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00367-00135199-00135559": "Wild game meat from animals like antelope, zebra, and giraffe", "kuHQe4us31Q-00368-00135559-00136104": "is also quite lean, typically leaner in fat and lower in saturated fat than the meat", "kuHQe4us31Q-00369-00136104-00136291": "that we eat in the west.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00370-00136291-00136562": "It provides moderate to high amounts of protein and fat", "kuHQe4us31Q-00371-00136562-00136910": "and is higher in mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00372-00136910-00137385": "Also, much of the meat that's consumed by contemporary foragers comes from small", "kuHQe4us31Q-00373-00137385-00137692": "to medium sized game animals and birds.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00374-00137692-00137970": "The Hadza, for instance, consume literally hundreds", "kuHQe4us31Q-00375-00137970-00138172": "of different animal species.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00376-00138172-00138577": "They eat a total of 879 species of plants and animals.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00377-00138577-00139045": "But if you remove birds, the count falls down to 138.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00378-00139045-00139563": "Interestingly, when most of us conjure up an image of a hunter, we think of large game,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00379-00139563-00139732": "like a giraffe or eland.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00380-00139732-00140130": "But in reality, small game meat plays a big role", "kuHQe4us31Q-00381-00140130-00140426": "and is critical to the forager diet.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00382-00140426-00140733": "The Hadza routinely targets small antelope species,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00383-00140733-00141087": "like the dik-dik, a small-bodied antelope, monkeys,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00384-00141087-00141579": "and even hyrax, small little herbivorous mammals that looks sort of like Guinea pigs", "kuHQe4us31Q-00385-00141579-00141880": "and weigh between 5 and 10 pounds.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00386-00141880-00142086": "If we were to base our image of the Stone Age hunter", "kuHQe4us31Q-00387-00142086-00142400": "on Hadza hunters, we would place far less emphasis", "kuHQe4us31Q-00388-00142400-00142603": "on big game meat.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00389-00142603-00142938": "We do know, however, that our ancestors did indeed", "kuHQe4us31Q-00390-00142938-00143310": "target and consume large animals, known as megafauna.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00391-00143310-00143576": "And this would've included mammoths, which they targeted", "kuHQe4us31Q-00392-00143576-00143778": "with their Stone Age weaponry.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00393-00143778-00144451": "Neanderthals, for instance, who represent our more modern ancestors, lived between 300,000", "kuHQe4us31Q-00394-00144451-00144665": "to about 30,000 years ago.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00395-00144665-00145091": "And some researchers believe that much of the skeletal trauma seen on their fossils", "kuHQe4us31Q-00396-00145091-00145511": "stems from close quarter ambush hunting of large game animals.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00397-00145511-00146038": "These scientists liken their injuries to those of modern day rodeo riders.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00398-00146038-00146296": "While this interpretation remains somewhat controversial,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00399-00146296-00146637": "it illustrates the point that actual meats consumed", "kuHQe4us31Q-00400-00146637-00146926": "during the Pleistocene would not have necessarily looked", "kuHQe4us31Q-00401-00146926-00147285": "like the meats consumed by contemporary foragers.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00402-00147285-00147755": "We also have some really intriguing data that suggests that Neanderthals, long thought", "kuHQe4us31Q-00403-00147755-00148025": "of as quintessential meat eaters, consumed many", "kuHQe4us31Q-00404-00148025-00148251": "plant foods as well.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00405-00148251-00148727": "An international team of researchers figured out a way to remove fossilized plaque,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00406-00148727-00149019": "called dental calculus, and analyze it.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00407-00149019-00149373": "And it turns out that Neanderthals were eating starchy plant foods, like wild", "kuHQe4us31Q-00408-00149373-00149563": "barley.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00409-00149563-00149961": "So in addition to telling us something about animal foods in human evolution,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00410-00149961-00150574": "the types of plant foods that the Hadza consume are also a really important part of the story.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00411-00150574-00150962": "The baobab tree, for example, is a thing of legend.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00412-00150962-00151236": "Many groups of the low lying areas of Australia and East", "kuHQe4us31Q-00413-00151236-00151785": "Africa, where the species is found, have creation myths that involve the baobab,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00414-00151785-00152126": "whose taxonomic name is at Adansonia digitata.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00415-00152126-00152436": "They're quite tall, growing up to about feet in height.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00416-00152436-00152821": "And can be very large, in some historic instances, approaching", "kuHQe4us31Q-00417-00152821-00153053": "feet in diameter.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00418-00153053-00153633": "The fruit produced by the tree is oval-shaped and has an inedible hard, green outer shell.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00419-00153633-00154028": "When the fruits are in season, the shell can often feel fuzzy.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00420-00154028-00154359": "The shell, which is inedible, accounts for about 50%", "kuHQe4us31Q-00421-00154359-00154599": "of the total weight of the fruit.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00422-00154599-00154920": "To crack open the shell to get into the inner fruit and seeds,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00423-00154920-00155391": "you need to use a rock to pound it open, or place it on the ground and give it a good", "kuHQe4us31Q-00424-00155391-00155560": "stomp.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00425-00155560-00155976": "Once you've broken the shell, you get to the seeds inside that are covered in", "kuHQe4us31Q-00426-00155976-00156100": "a chalky pulp.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00427-00156100-00156522": "There are two ways to eat a baobab fruit in the bush.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00428-00156522-00156783": "You can either extract a seed and suck off the pulp,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00429-00156783-00156963": "spitting out the seed.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00430-00156963-00157316": "Or you can pound the seeds using a rock and a flat surface", "kuHQe4us31Q-00431-00157316-00157807": "and then winnow the powder to remove the inedible seed husk.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00432-00157807-00158228": "This allows you to access the content of the inside of the seeds, which contain", "kuHQe4us31Q-00433-00158228-00158422": "protein and fat.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00434-00158422-00158957": "If you just suck the seed, you only get simple carbohydrates, in addition to", "kuHQe4us31Q-00435-00158957-00159271": "healthy doses of vitamin C.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00436-00159271-00159665": "This powder can also be mixed with berry juice to make a very tasty", "kuHQe4us31Q-00437-00159665-00160009": "paste, a favorite among Hadza children and a fantastic", "kuHQe4us31Q-00438-00160009-00160230": "weening food.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00439-00160230-00160628": "If you're interested in trying baobab fruit, you don't have to travel all the way to Africa", "kuHQe4us31Q-00440-00160628-00160790": "or Australia.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00441-00160790-00161165": "You can travel to your local health food store or natural food market.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00442-00161165-00161783": "There are several brands of baobab fruit juice, increasingly considered to be the new superfruit.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00443-00161783-00162060": "The packaged fruit chews are mixed with other fruits,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00444-00162060-00162391": "but you can still taste a distinct baobab flavor.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00445-00162391-00162772": "It's tart and only slightly sweet.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00446-00162772-00163097": "Another example is that of the marula fruit.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00447-00163097-00163519": "The Hadza consume the fruit, as well as the inside seed of the marula, which we refer", "kuHQe4us31Q-00448-00163519-00163664": "to as a nut.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00449-00163664-00163977": "They're in the same plant family as the mango, cashew,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00450-00163977-00164175": "and pistachio.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00451-00164175-00164437": "The fruits are succulent and tart and fairly high", "kuHQe4us31Q-00452-00164437-00164870": "in vitamin C. The inner nut, however, is high in fat and", "kuHQe4us31Q-00453-00164870-00164970": "protein.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00454-00164970-00165304": "And the Hadza consume both the fruit and the seed.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00455-00165304-00165607": "But many people around the world happily consume the products of the fruits", "kuHQe4us31Q-00456-00165607-00165930": "in a delicious liqueur made from the juice.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00457-00165930-00166322": "This popular drink, a cream liqueur, is produced in South Africa and it's", "kuHQe4us31Q-00458-00166322-00166500": "shipped all around the world.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00459-00166500-00166795": "You can likely find it at your local liquor store.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00460-00166795-00167152": "Just look for the name marula in the name of the beverage.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00461-00167152-00167365": "We'll discuss other really important plant foods", "kuHQe4us31Q-00462-00167365-00167465": "later in the course.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00463-00167465-00167798": "I bring up the examples of baobab fruit and marula nuts", "kuHQe4us31Q-00464-00167798-00168155": "because they're so clearly dominant foods in the Hadza", "kuHQe4us31Q-00465-00168155-00168255": "diet.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00466-00168255-00168505": "Despite being forager foods, they're also easily accessible", "kuHQe4us31Q-00467-00168505-00168855": "in the postindustrialized west, thanks to globalization", "kuHQe4us31Q-00468-00168855-00169441": "in the world economy, which is another topic that we'll be returning to later in the course.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00469-00169441-00169966": "So now that we have a snapshot of Hadza diet, we can determine whether or not hunter-gatherer", "kuHQe4us31Q-00470-00169966-00170261": "diet composition better helps us to understand", "kuHQe4us31Q-00471-00170261-00170504": "the Stone Age menu.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00472-00170504-00170945": "Despite the constant emphasis being placed on meat and marrow, it turns out", "kuHQe4us31Q-00473-00170945-00171329": "that outside of arctic regions no contemporary foragers", "kuHQe4us31Q-00474-00171329-00171690": "consume a diet that is primarily composed of meat.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00475-00171690-00172209": "In fact, many hunters around the world tend to be unsuccessful on a large portion", "kuHQe4us31Q-00476-00172209-00172502": "of their foraging excursions.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00477-00172502-00172886": "So what happens when a hunter fails to bring home meat?", "kuHQe4us31Q-00478-00172886-00173299": "The group relies on their staple foods, plant products.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00479-00173299-00173569": "Plant products are largely the product of women's labor", "kuHQe4us31Q-00480-00173569-00173870": "and are the food consistently available in most habitats year", "kuHQe4us31Q-00481-00173870-00174017": "round.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00482-00174017-00174503": "While meat is important, and it certainly was an important part of our ancestral diet,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00483-00174503-00174836": "plant foods are increasingly taking over the spotlight.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00484-00174836-00175387": "The important take home point is that forager diets vary wildly.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00485-00175387-00175899": "Based on region, season, and ecology the foods that make up the forage are diet", "kuHQe4us31Q-00486-00175899-00176251": "and did so in the past are highly variable.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00487-00176251-00176746": "There is no single hunter-gatherer diet, making it nearly impossible to base the Paleo", "kuHQe4us31Q-00488-00176746-00177003": "diet on that of foragers.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00489-00177003-00177559": "The fact that this diversity exists however, is key to understanding the evolution of human", "kuHQe4us31Q-00490-00177559-00177682": "nutrition.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00491-00177682-00178041": "Increasingly, our ability to obtain proper nutrition,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00492-00178041-00178624": "in any ecological setting, is seen as one of the key hallmarks of human evolution.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00493-00178624-00179053": "Humans have adapted to a generalized diet that includes a mixture of both plant food", "kuHQe4us31Q-00494-00179053-00179298": "and animal products.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00495-00179298-00179779": "This flexibility in diet has allowed us to successfully populate all corners of", "kuHQe4us31Q-00496-00179779-00179994": "the planet.", "kuHQe4us31Q-00497-00179994-00180372": "This is critical to understanding the evolution of human nutrition,", "kuHQe4us31Q-00498-00180372-00180915": "as humans, unlike most other animals, are able to call even the most extreme habitats", "kuHQe4us31Q-00499-00180915-00180974": "home."}}, {"audio_id": "kuJKRkAubJQ", "text": {"kuJKRkAubJQ-00000-00000003-00000399": "Impact Factor is the number commonly used to compare journals.", "kuJKRkAubJQ-00001-00000399-00000524": "Using citation counts from Web of Science,", "kuJKRkAubJQ-00002-00000524-00000922": "Thomson Reuters calculates this number to show how much impact or influence", "kuJKRkAubJQ-00003-00000922-00001146": "a given journal has within its discipline.", "kuJKRkAubJQ-00004-00001146-00001356": "The formula is relatively simple.", "kuJKRkAubJQ-00005-00001356-00001750": "The total number of citations a journal received during the previous two calendar years", "kuJKRkAubJQ-00006-00001750-00002208": "is divided by the number of citable items that journal published during the same timeframe.", "kuJKRkAubJQ-00007-00002208-00002670": "So... if every article published in Journal of Awesome got one citation,", "kuJKRkAubJQ-00008-00002670-00002928": "its Impact Factor would be one.", "kuJKRkAubJQ-00009-00002928-00003314": "Of course, citation practices and trends vary among disciplines", "kuJKRkAubJQ-00010-00003314-00003694": "so it's important to only compare impact factors within the same field:", "kuJKRkAubJQ-00011-00003694-00004194": "agriculture journals with other agriculture journals physics to physics and so on.", "kuJKRkAubJQ-00012-00004194-00004552": "Web of Science and Journal Citation Reports or JCR", "kuJKRkAubJQ-00013-00004552-00004864": "are the authoritative places to check a journal's Impact Factor.", "kuJKRkAubJQ-00014-00004864-00005224": "Thomson Reuters uses their own citation counts to calculate Impact Factors,", "kuJKRkAubJQ-00015-00005224-00005654": "so it is virtually impossible for others to duplicate these calculations.", "kuJKRkAubJQ-00016-00005654-00006174": "Many journals list their Impact Factor on their homepage or... in their Wikipedia article.", "kuJKRkAubJQ-00017-00006174-00006636": "Web of Science and JCR are the official places this information comes from.", "kuJKRkAubJQ-00018-00006636-00006992": "And now for exactly how to quickly find the Impact Factor for a journal.", "kuJKRkAubJQ-00019-00006992-00007214": "We'll search for... salamanders.", "kuJKRkAubJQ-00020-00007214-00007545": "[pause]", "kuJKRkAubJQ-00021-00007545-00007968": "Each article in your results list will have its journal listed underneath as a link.", "kuJKRkAubJQ-00022-00007968-00008274": "When you click that link, a pop-up window appears.", "kuJKRkAubJQ-00023-00008274-00008586": "This window has a snapshot of the most recent Impact Factor", "kuJKRkAubJQ-00024-00008586-00008794": "as well as the five-year Impact Factor,", "kuJKRkAubJQ-00025-00008794-00009156": "which is the same calculation just... over the course of five years.", "kuJKRkAubJQ-00026-00009156-00009532": "There's also some important context that helps you understand the Impact Factor:", "kuJKRkAubJQ-00027-00009532-00009800": "the category and quartile rankings.", "kuJKRkAubJQ-00028-00009800-00010362": "These allow you to easily understand how this journal compares to similar journals in its field.", "kuJKRkAubJQ-00029-00010362-00010918": "You can also search in the Journal Citation Reports database to get the full list for each journal category", "kuJKRkAubJQ-00030-00010918-00011346": "[pause]", "kuJKRkAubJQ-00031-00011346-00011733": "as well as the historical list of a journal's Impact Factor.", "kuJKRkAubJQ-00032-00011733-00012254": "It's important to keep in mind that Impact Factor only speaks to the citation metrics of a journal,", "kuJKRkAubJQ-00033-00012254-00012502": "and it shouldn't be used as a proxy for quality,", "kuJKRkAubJQ-00034-00012502-00012806": "especially at the author or article level.", "kuJKRkAubJQ-00035-00012806-00013044": "For more information about citation metrics", "kuJKRkAubJQ-00036-00013044-00013476": "and other quality measures for articles, journals, publishers, and authors,", "kuJKRkAubJQ-00037-00013476-00013776": "ask a librarian!"}}, {"audio_id": "kuO_1HeLg4c", "text": {"kuO_1HeLg4c-00000-00000390-00000853": "Netherlands", "kuO_1HeLg4c-00001-00001672-00002150": "Advocacy Journey Indigenous Blood Not a Single Drop More arrives in Netherlands", "kuO_1HeLg4c-00002-00002490-00003180": "It was four days of intense activities to denounce the brazilian government attacks against the indigenous peoples and environment", "kuO_1HeLg4c-00003-00003958-00004692": "It was protocoled at International Criminal Court of Hague, main UN judiciary organ, complaints about Brazilian government", "kuO_1HeLg4c-00004-00004980-00005388": "Meeting with parties at Dutch Parliament", "kuO_1HeLg4c-00005-00005806-00006090": "Meeting with Lilly Platt, young climate activist", "kuO_1HeLg4c-00006-00006102-00006422": "Meeting with Friesland Campina, one of the major Brazilian soy importers", "kuO_1HeLg4c-00007-00006473-00006826": "Mark Rutt, President-Minister of Netherlands", "kuO_1HeLg4c-00008-00006962-00007509": "Meeting with Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs", "kuO_1HeLg4c-00009-00008018-00008614": "Meeting with teachers and students from University of Wageningen of Netherlands", "kuO_1HeLg4c-00010-00010104-00010614": "Cultural activity with Batuque capoeira group,  of master Vladimir", "kuO_1HeLg4c-00011-00013610-00013794": "Next stop: Belgium", "kuO_1HeLg4c-00012-00013813-00014076": "Demarcation now!"}}, {"audio_id": "kuQQFXLQ0oE", "text": {"kuQQFXLQ0oE-00000-00000479-00000602": "Hello!", "kuQQFXLQ0oE-00001-00000602-00001128": "Welcome to the PKP Course: Setting up a Journal with OJS 3.0, Module 1: Introduction.", "kuQQFXLQ0oE-00002-00001128-00001526": "My name is Janna, and I'll be your guide through this new version of Open Journal Systems.", "kuQQFXLQ0oE-00003-00001526-00001866": "Before we get started, here are a few basics that you should know.", "kuQQFXLQ0oE-00004-00001866-00002086": "Firstly, the course is free.", "kuQQFXLQ0oE-00005-00002086-00002407": "There are no fees to take any of the PKP School courses.", "kuQQFXLQ0oE-00006-00002407-00002769": "There is a paid certification option, but that is optional.", "kuQQFXLQ0oE-00007-00002769-00003075": "Secondly, the course is completely online.", "kuQQFXLQ0oE-00008-00003075-00003367": "Everything you need will be available in the online modules.", "kuQQFXLQ0oE-00009-00003367-00003677": "Thirdly, the course is entirely self-paced.", "kuQQFXLQ0oE-00010-00003677-00003947": "You can move through the modules at your own speed.", "kuQQFXLQ0oE-00011-00003947-00004151": "And finally, the course is interactive.", "kuQQFXLQ0oE-00012-00004151-00004580": "Although registration is optional, doing so will allow you to interact with me and other", "kuQQFXLQ0oE-00013-00004580-00004832": "students in the online discussions.", "kuQQFXLQ0oE-00014-00004832-00005439": "Each module will typically consist of a learning objective, a video, some readings, an activity,", "kuQQFXLQ0oE-00015-00005439-00006028": "some discussion, and sometimes a quiz to allow you to check what you've learned.", "kuQQFXLQ0oE-00016-00006028-00006420": "We hope you will find the course useful, and we welcome on any feedback you have on how", "kuQQFXLQ0oE-00017-00006420-00006579": "to make it better.", "kuQQFXLQ0oE-00018-00006579-00006754": "Once you're ready, let's get started."}}, {"audio_id": "kvt4yqxRZKY", "text": {"kvt4yqxRZKY-00000-00000336-00000936": "During the Key West DFT we executed both open  and closed circuit combatant dive training.", "kvt4yqxRZKY-00001-00000936-00001636": "The mission of the DFT to Key West is to improve  and maintain Company C's combatant dive proficiency.", "kvt4yqxRZKY-00002-00001636-00002038": "In order to provide the 22nd MEU  with the most capable force possible.", "kvt4yqxRZKY-00003-00002038-00002692": "During this DFT we started off with closed circuit  team dive operations doing basic navigation.", "kvt4yqxRZKY-00004-00002692-00003102": "We then progressed to team dives  with the diver propulsion device", "kvt4yqxRZKY-00005-00003102-00003338": "using advanced navigation techniques.", "kvt4yqxRZKY-00006-00003338-00003794": "The full mission profile consisted  of a team inserting via CRRC's.", "kvt4yqxRZKY-00007-00003794-00004174": "Then infiltrating with BPD's and MK25 UBA's.", "kvt4yqxRZKY-00008-00004174-00004524": "Once at the objective they conducted  reconnaissance and surveillance,", "kvt4yqxRZKY-00009-00004524-00004914": "and then transmitted those photos and reports  back to the reconnaissance operations center.", "kvt4yqxRZKY-00010-00004914-00005284": "This is followed by a clandestine  exfiltration of an extract.", "kvt4yqxRZKY-00011-00005284-00005850": "I believe a reconnaissance Marine should  be on the forefront of the battlefield,", "kvt4yqxRZKY-00012-00005850-00006172": "and we could be utilized anywhere at any time.", "kvt4yqxRZKY-00013-00006172-00006481": "Just because something's not  necessarily our mission set", "kvt4yqxRZKY-00014-00006481-00006859": "doesn't mean we can't be asked to do it and excel at it."}}, {"audio_id": "kvKp0uvMPhY", "text": {"kvKp0uvMPhY-00000-00000035-00000735": "me luv theme", "kvKp0uvMPhY-00001-00001493-00001759": "earned quick today now", "kvKp0uvMPhY-00002-00001759-00002098": "I'm wearing great-great-great think the name", "kvKp0uvMPhY-00003-00002098-00002591": "best me I'm not my birthday from Magnolia and marine", "kvKp0uvMPhY-00004-00002591-00003110": "from Topshop a really like the current and my faith in the morning", "kvKp0uvMPhY-00005-00003110-00003444": "I'm huge thing might jump is", "kvKp0uvMPhY-00006-00003444-00003815": "from me and just and crop much", "kvKp0uvMPhY-00007-00003815-00004239": "here break strained that yeah", "kvKp0uvMPhY-00008-00004239-00004550": "guy news candice's", "kvKp0uvMPhY-00009-00004550-00004946": "me and I think my can could", "kvKp0uvMPhY-00010-00004946-00005504": "3 very very said", "kvKp0uvMPhY-00011-00005504-00005862": "miss you from you happy to redeem time honey", "kvKp0uvMPhY-00012-00005862-00006180": "by thought that contacted little", "kvKp0uvMPhY-00013-00006180-00006597": "him I'm really everything me"}}, {"audio_id": "kvOnxi1V60y", "text": {"kvOnxi1V60y-00000-00002783-00002976": "Great, great job today.", "kvOnxi1V60y-00001-00002976-00003400": "Excellent focus, as far as this last learning target.", "kvOnxi1V60y-00002-00003400-00003979": "Excellent focus. People were on task, participating in a really positive way.", "kvOnxi1V60y-00003-00003979-00004620": "The conversations that I popped in on were especially rich and evidence-based.", "kvOnxi1V60y-00004-00004620-00004832": "And our first two, we already talked about.", "kvOnxi1V60y-00005-00004832-00005013": "Lots of strong evidence in there", "kvOnxi1V60y-00006-00005013-00005464": "that you used to support your opinions and your analysis. That was excellent.", "kvOnxi1V60y-00007-00005464-00005851": "And the annotations were also really good.", "kvOnxi1V60y-00008-00005851-00006076": "Just want to encourage you guys and keep it up.", "kvOnxi1V60y-00009-00006076-00006263": "That was a really excellent class today.", "kvOnxi1V60y-00010-00006263-00006767": "Do a little self-assessment for yourself though before you go,", "kvOnxi1V60y-00011-00006767-00006956": "for each of those learning targets.", "kvOnxi1V60y-00012-00006956-00007127": "Give yourself a 1, 2, 3, or a 4.", "kvOnxi1V60y-00013-00007127-00007440": "Think about what you want to improve on."}}]