diff --git "a/data/en005/text/00000010.json" "b/data/en005/text/00000010.json" new file mode 100644--- /dev/null +++ "b/data/en005/text/00000010.json" @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +[{"audio_id": "dnQrEm3Qy6M", "text": {"dnQrEm3Qy6M-00000-00000010-00000056": "AFTER THAT TO TAKE THE NEXT", "dnQrEm3Qy6M-00001-00000056-00000063": "AFTER THAT TO TAKE THE NEXT", "dnQrEm3Qy6M-00002-00000063-00000280": "AFTER THAT TO TAKE THE NEXT THREE AND WIN THE MATCH.", "dnQrEm3Qy6M-00003-00000280-00000286": "AFTER THAT TO TAKE THE NEXT THREE AND WIN THE MATCH.", "dnQrEm3Qy6M-00004-00000286-00000490": "AFTER THAT TO TAKE THE NEXT THREE AND WIN THE MATCH. >>> A BIG CROWD ON HAND TO WATCH", "dnQrEm3Qy6M-00005-00000490-00000497": "THREE AND WIN THE MATCH. >>> A BIG CROWD ON HAND TO WATCH", "dnQrEm3Qy6M-00006-00000497-00000567": "THREE AND WIN THE MATCH. >>> A BIG CROWD ON HAND TO WATCH BRAINERD VOLLEYBALL TAKE ON", "dnQrEm3Qy6M-00007-00000567-00000573": ">>> A BIG CROWD ON HAND TO WATCH BRAINERD VOLLEYBALL TAKE ON", "dnQrEm3Qy6M-00008-00000573-00000690": ">>> A BIG CROWD ON HAND TO WATCH BRAINERD VOLLEYBALL TAKE ON ST. CLOUD APOLLO.", "dnQrEm3Qy6M-00009-00000690-00000697": "BRAINERD VOLLEYBALL TAKE ON ST. CLOUD APOLLO.", "dnQrEm3Qy6M-00010-00000697-00000820": "BRAINERD VOLLEYBALL TAKE ON ST. CLOUD APOLLO. IN THE FIRST SET, BRAINERD", "dnQrEm3Qy6M-00011-00000820-00000827": "ST. CLOUD APOLLO. IN THE FIRST SET, BRAINERD", "dnQrEm3Qy6M-00012-00000827-00001004": "ST. CLOUD APOLLO. IN THE FIRST SET, BRAINERD LEADING 16-13 AFTER THE FREE", "dnQrEm3Qy6M-00013-00001004-00001011": "IN THE FIRST SET, BRAINERD LEADING 16-13 AFTER THE FREE", "dnQrEm3Qy6M-00014-00001011-00001197": "IN THE FIRST SET, BRAINERD LEADING 16-13 AFTER THE FREE BALL OVER THE NET.", "dnQrEm3Qy6M-00015-00001197-00001204": "LEADING 16-13 AFTER THE FREE BALL OVER THE NET.", "dnQrEm3Qy6M-00016-00001204-00001374": "LEADING 16-13 AFTER THE FREE BALL OVER THE NET. THE WARRIORS SHOW OFF THE", "dnQrEm3Qy6M-00017-00001374-00001381": "BALL OVER THE NET. THE WARRIORS SHOW OFF THE", "dnQrEm3Qy6M-00018-00001381-00001528": "BALL OVER THE NET. THE WARRIORS SHOW OFF THE DEFENSE, ATTACK RIGHT IN THE", "dnQrEm3Qy6M-00019-00001528-00001534": "THE WARRIORS SHOW OFF THE DEFENSE, ATTACK RIGHT IN THE", "dnQrEm3Qy6M-00020-00001534-00001748": "THE WARRIORS SHOW OFF THE DEFENSE, ATTACK RIGHT IN THE MIDST OF DELAINNY SCHAFER.", "dnQrEm3Qy6M-00021-00001748-00001755": "DEFENSE, ATTACK RIGHT IN THE MIDST OF DELAINNY SCHAFER.", "dnQrEm3Qy6M-00022-00001755-00002025": "DEFENSE, ATTACK RIGHT IN THE MIDST OF DELAINNY SCHAFER. JUST TWO POINTS LATER, SERIOUS", "dnQrEm3Qy6M-00023-00002025-00002032": "MIDST OF DELAINNY SCHAFER. JUST TWO POINTS LATER, SERIOUS", "dnQrEm3Qy6M-00024-00002032-00002118": "MIDST OF DELAINNY SCHAFER. JUST TWO POINTS LATER, SERIOUS HANG TIME ON THE JUMP.", "dnQrEm3Qy6M-00025-00002118-00002125": "JUST TWO POINTS LATER, SERIOUS HANG TIME ON THE JUMP.", "dnQrEm3Qy6M-00026-00002125-00002258": "JUST TWO POINTS LATER, SERIOUS HANG TIME ON THE JUMP. SLAMS IT DOWN FOR THE POINTS.", "dnQrEm3Qy6M-00027-00002258-00002265": "HANG TIME ON THE JUMP. SLAMS IT DOWN FOR THE POINTS.", "dnQrEm3Qy6M-00028-00002265-00002392": "HANG TIME ON THE JUMP. SLAMS IT DOWN FOR THE POINTS. BRAINERD LOOKING TO CLOSE OUT", "dnQrEm3Qy6M-00029-00002392-00002399": "SLAMS IT DOWN FOR THE POINTS. BRAINERD LOOKING TO CLOSE OUT", "dnQrEm3Qy6M-00030-00002399-00002792": "SLAMS IT DOWN FOR THE POINTS. BRAINERD LOOKING TO CLOSE OUT THE FIRST SET, UP 24-19.", "dnQrEm3Qy6M-00031-00002792-00002799": "BRAINERD LOOKING TO CLOSE OUT THE FIRST SET, UP 24-19.", "dnQrEm3Qy6M-00032-00002799-00002906": "BRAINERD LOOKING TO CLOSE OUT THE FIRST SET, UP 24-19. BRAINERD TAKES THE FIRST SET AND", "dnQrEm3Qy6M-00033-00002906-00002912": "THE FIRST SET, UP 24-19. BRAINERD TAKES THE FIRST SET AND", "dnQrEm3Qy6M-00034-00002912-00002962": "THE FIRST SET, UP 24-19. BRAINERD TAKES THE FIRST SET AND THEY WOULD GO ON TO TAKE THE"}}, {"audio_id": "dnXm7p7ckw8", "text": {"dnXm7p7ckw8-00000-00002672-00002967": "HIGH QUALITY SEELS", "dnXm7p7ckw8-00001-00003297-00003646": "TURNING PROCESS WITH 10 AXES. AUTOMATIC CNC MACHINES", "dnXm7p7ckw8-00002-00004392-00004660": "HIGH PRECISION GERMAN PROFILATORS", "dnXm7p7ckw8-00003-00006064-00006508": "VACUUM HEAT TREATMENT", "dnXm7p7ckw8-00004-00006895-00007425": "EACH CYCLE IS MONITORED AND MEASURED", "dnXm7p7ckw8-00005-00007456-00007940": "MORE THAN 1.000 CUSTOM MADE ITEMS", "dnXm7p7ckw8-00006-00007940-00008448": "DESIGNED, PRODUCED, TESTED, TO SATISFY OUR CUSTOMER"}}, {"audio_id": "eo3i3NZUqUA", "text": {"eo3i3NZUqUA-00000-00000120-00000552": "Hi, my name is Alex, I'm a librarian at The University of Alabama and today I'm", "eo3i3NZUqUA-00001-00000552-00001088": "going to talk about how to create a systematic review protocol and why you should create one.", "eo3i3NZUqUA-00002-00001176-00001616": "If you're watching this video, you probably have some idea of what a systematic review is.", "eo3i3NZUqUA-00003-00001696-00002336": "But what is a systematic review protocol? According to Prisma, a systematic review protocol", "eo3i3NZUqUA-00004-00002336-00002840": "describes the rationale, hypothesis, and planned methods of the review.", "eo3i3NZUqUA-00005-00002840-00003472": "It should be prepared before a review is started and used as a guide to carry out the review.", "eo3i3NZUqUA-00006-00003472-00004024": "As the National Institutes of Health note, a systematic review protocol can add as a roadmap", "eo3i3NZUqUA-00007-00004024-00004648": "for your review and your review team. It's especially helpful with keeping the entire review", "eo3i3NZUqUA-00008-00004648-00005368": "team on track, especially when working remotely. It also promotes transparency of methods,", "eo3i3NZUqUA-00009-00005368-00005896": "which is crucial to a systematic review. This is especially the case when you register your", "eo3i3NZUqUA-00010-00005896-00006400": "protocol with a systematic review protocol registry. More on that later.", "eo3i3NZUqUA-00011-00006472-00006976": "There are plenty of freely available systematic review templates available on the web,", "eo3i3NZUqUA-00012-00006976-00007672": "but this is one that I use. We'll provide a link to it below. Here you'll explicitly document", "eo3i3NZUqUA-00013-00007672-00008312": "all major aspects of your upcoming review. Your background, objective, and review question should", "eo3i3NZUqUA-00014-00008312-00008960": "be all clearly stated so that your review team stays focused on the original research question.", "eo3i3NZUqUA-00015-00008960-00009464": "You'll also need to spell out your search strategy. We recommend either consulting with", "eo3i3NZUqUA-00016-00009464-00010096": "a research librarian or bringing one onto the review team. You may want to also document your", "eo3i3NZUqUA-00017-00010096-00010744": "search terms and subject headings here. You'll also provide inclusion and exclusion criteria.", "eo3i3NZUqUA-00018-00010808-00011296": "That your inclusion and exclusion criteria stays consistent throughout throughout the whole process", "eo3i3NZUqUA-00019-00011296-00011952": "is especially important in terms of transparency and reproducibility. You'll document data", "eo3i3NZUqUA-00020-00011952-00012520": "extraction strategies, timetables, and research roles in the rest of the protocol.", "eo3i3NZUqUA-00021-00012616-00013176": "In order to ensure transparency and let other researchers know what you're working on,", "eo3i3NZUqUA-00022-00013176-00013736": "you'll probably want to register your protocol in a systematic review protocol registry.", "eo3i3NZUqUA-00023-00013904-00014576": "You may want to contact a librarian to determine which registry is best for you. They largely", "eo3i3NZUqUA-00024-00014576-00015400": "differ in terms of discipline/content. Prospero is primarily for public health, health education,", "eo3i3NZUqUA-00025-00015400-00016016": "and biomedical reviews, while the Open Science Framework is multidisciplinary in nature.", "eo3i3NZUqUA-00026-00016119-00016760": "We'll take a quick look at Prospero. Here you can find instructions on registering your review", "eo3i3NZUqUA-00027-00016912-00017456": "and you can also search their collection of registered protocols. This will allow", "eo3i3NZUqUA-00028-00017456-00018000": "you to see what other researchers are working on which could reduce duplication of efforts.", "eo3i3NZUqUA-00029-00018168-00018584": "And that's all for this video. Hopefully you know have a better idea of what a systematic", "eo3i3NZUqUA-00030-00018584-00019096": "review protocol is, why you should create one, and how you can register your protocol.", "eo3i3NZUqUA-00031-00019168-00019568": "And remember, if you have a question, just Ask a Librarian."}}, {"audio_id": "eokSgMEYIMg", "text": {"eokSgMEYIMg-00000-00000096-00000192": "Hello, my name is Tim.", "eokSgMEYIMg-00001-00000206-00000514": "I live in Atlanta, Georgia, and I'm an ex- Republican.", "eokSgMEYIMg-00002-00000552-00001072": "I was a Reagan Republican until Donald Trump won the election and then I realized", "eokSgMEYIMg-00003-00001074-00001269": "that this is no longer my politics.", "eokSgMEYIMg-00004-00001353-00001557": "No, I didn't vote for Trump.", "eokSgMEYIMg-00005-00001569-00001804": "I didn't vote for anybody actually.", "eokSgMEYIMg-00006-00001807-00002209": "I felt that, unfortunately, the alternative wasn't any better, but I", "eokSgMEYIMg-00007-00002248-00002644": "would have, hindsight being 2020, I would definitely vote for Hillary over Donald J.", "eokSgMEYIMg-00008-00002644-00002681": "Trump.", "eokSgMEYIMg-00009-00002681-00003038": "I have a 35 year history with Donald Trump.", "eokSgMEYIMg-00010-00003047-00003356": "A lot of things he used to say back in the eighties.", "eokSgMEYIMg-00011-00003432-00003671": "I voted for Ronald Reagan-my first president.", "eokSgMEYIMg-00012-00003677-00004045": "I voted Republican historically throughout my entire life.", "eokSgMEYIMg-00013-00004126-00004496": "But now going forward, I plan on voting blue all the way down.", "eokSgMEYIMg-00014-00004496-00004822": "I don't care if I've never heard the names or the people or anything.", "eokSgMEYIMg-00015-00004822-00005186": "The GOP, as far as I'm concerned has sold their souls to the devil.", "eokSgMEYIMg-00016-00005196-00005349": "It's time for change people.", "eokSgMEYIMg-00017-00005349-00005676": "It's time to wake up, this man is not in our best interests.", "eokSgMEYIMg-00018-00005679-00005841": "He is in his best interest.", "eokSgMEYIMg-00019-00005901-00006195": "And I pray to God almighty that he does lose.", "eokSgMEYIMg-00020-00006241-00006584": "And as well as the GOP senators that have emboldened this man.", "eokSgMEYIMg-00021-00006644-00007192": "I personally hope that if Biden does win, I do plan on voting for Biden, that", "eokSgMEYIMg-00022-00007192-00007678": "if he does win, he does nominate an AG that goes in there, investigates Barr", "eokSgMEYIMg-00023-00007698-00008109": "and goes after McConnell, goes after Graham, goes after Johnson, goes", "eokSgMEYIMg-00024-00008109-00008450": "after Kennedy, goes after all of them.", "eokSgMEYIMg-00025-00008519-00008875": "Somebody, somewhere, is getting paid something under the table or something", "eokSgMEYIMg-00026-00008875-00009079": "here, because this is just insane.", "eokSgMEYIMg-00027-00009079-00009452": "And my biggest fear is it we're on the precipice of our", "eokSgMEYIMg-00028-00009452-00009614": "own civil war in this country.", "eokSgMEYIMg-00029-00009614-00009824": "And other countries are looking at us and laughing at us.", "eokSgMEYIMg-00030-00009901-00010250": "You know why the other countries in the Middle East aren't attacking", "eokSgMEYIMg-00031-00010250-00010550": "us anymore, because we're attacking ourselves, we're killing ourselves.", "eokSgMEYIMg-00032-00010640-00011054": "So please, if you really care for this country, you don't care", "eokSgMEYIMg-00033-00011054-00011474": "for just yourself, especially the evangelicals who really cracked me up.", "eokSgMEYIMg-00034-00011474-00011911": "Me as a self-proclaimed Christian, I'm not the most hardened Christian in the", "eokSgMEYIMg-00035-00011911-00012163": "world, but for God's sakes, wake up.", "eokSgMEYIMg-00036-00012163-00012460": "If you only want this man in office because of the judges", "eokSgMEYIMg-00037-00012460-00012823": "he selects or Roe versus Wade,", "eokSgMEYIMg-00038-00012826-00013137": "I mean, really, you're going to sit here and back a known", "eokSgMEYIMg-00039-00013137-00013330": "racist, bigot, liar, really", "eokSgMEYIMg-00040-00013429-00013633": "God sakes, wake up people.", "eokSgMEYIMg-00041-00013663-00014011": "Make our country right again before it's too late.", "eokSgMEYIMg-00042-00014075-00014524": "And a lot of regret will happen if something's not done sooner than later.", "eokSgMEYIMg-00043-00014581-00014623": "Thank you."}}, {"audio_id": "e0V9WVV4xgc", "text": {"e0V9WVV4xgc-00000-00000048-00000736": "i have lost two dislikes on my videos, meaning that the like to dislike ratios on those videos", "e0V9WVV4xgc-00001-00000736-00001384": "have gotten a little bit better. so that's good. thank you for removing the dislikes.", "e0V9WVV4xgc-00002-00001384-00001704": "they're good. also, like this video for more updates."}}, {"audio_id": "e0aBNv9cqZk", "text": {"e0aBNv9cqZk-00000-00000552-00001296": "Hi everyone, PRO-MIX MATH here. I hope you're all doing well. It has been a while since my last video", "e0aBNv9cqZk-00001-00001296-00001639": "so I just to give you a little recap on the last episode that I did.", "e0aBNv9cqZk-00002-00001704-00002272": "I was talking about the differences between ecto and undo mycorrhizae. If you haven't checked it", "e0aBNv9cqZk-00003-00002272-00002784": "out yet, I strongly recommend it. That being said let's jump right into today's question.", "e0aBNv9cqZk-00004-00002880-00003328": "The question is what makes a mycorrhizae species better than the others.", "e0aBNv9cqZk-00005-00003432-00004088": "To answer that question we need to look at three characteristics: the first one being compatibility.", "e0aBNv9cqZk-00006-00004176-00004688": "Meaning that you need to have a mycorrhizae that is compatible with the plant that you're targeting.", "e0aBNv9cqZk-00007-00004688-00005232": "The goal here is to find mycorrhizae that is actually compatible with a wide variety of plant", "e0aBNv9cqZk-00008-00005232-00005784": "species. So you're able to utilize that mycorrhizae at greater extent with multiple type of crop.", "e0aBNv9cqZk-00009-00005904-00006616": "After that you need to look at efficiency, efficiency meaning first time. How much time it", "e0aBNv9cqZk-00010-00006616-00007328": "takes for the spores to germinate and colonize the root. You want to find a mycorrhizae that act fast", "e0aBNv9cqZk-00011-00007328-00008064": "and create a symbiosis as quickly as possible. Then you look at intensity so you want to have a", "e0aBNv9cqZk-00012-00008064-00008616": "strong connection with the plants because a strong connection mean a greater effect. So you want to", "e0aBNv9cqZk-00013-00008616-00009168": "act fast and have a strong intensity of that connection with the plan that you're targeting.", "e0aBNv9cqZk-00014-00009360-00009792": "The main thing that you need to look at of course at the end is the overall benefits for", "e0aBNv9cqZk-00015-00009792-00010328": "your plant. Because you can have a mycorrhizae that is compatible, that act fast and that", "e0aBNv9cqZk-00016-00010328-00010824": "the connection is intense but at the end of the day the hyphae network doesn't perform as well.", "e0aBNv9cqZk-00017-00010896-00011464": "You want to find a mycorrhizae that have all of those characteristic but have a strong hyphae network", "e0aBNv9cqZk-00018-00011464-00012224": "that provides good benefits for your crop. Over the years Premier Tech did a lot of testing", "e0aBNv9cqZk-00019-00012224-00012824": "on multiple type of mycorrhizae species and based on those three characteristics, we've come to", "e0aBNv9cqZk-00020-00012824-00013432": "the conclusion that Glomus intraradices is the best species out there. That's why you're gonna", "e0aBNv9cqZk-00021-00013432-00014072": "find that species in all our PRO-MIX products. That's it for today's video, I hope you enjoyed it.", "e0aBNv9cqZk-00022-00014144-00014704": "For those who are wondering Glomus intraradices the species is used inside PRO-MIX CONNECT.", "e0aBNv9cqZk-00023-00014776-00015336": "You can actually check it out behind the packaging. You can read the product contains the", "e0aBNv9cqZk-00024-00015336-00015991": "endomycorrhizal fungi Glomus intraradices, a natural beneficial microorganism that colonizes roots", "e0aBNv9cqZk-00025-00015991-00016600": "for many plant species. I actually didn't mention it earlier but Glomus intraradices", "e0aBNv9cqZk-00026-00016600-00017144": "is compatible with close to 90% of plant species of course cannabis being one of them.", "e0aBNv9cqZk-00027-00017240-00018216": "So that being said take care of yourself and see you in the next one."}}, {"audio_id": "e11wnq5NQEg", "text": {"e11wnq5NQEg-00000-00000000-00000261": ">> Hi. [MUSIC] [BACKGROUND] This is Michelle Vigil", "e11wnq5NQEg-00001-00000261-00000429": "with Michelle's Money Minutes.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00002-00000429-00000689": "Today I'm going to talk about summer savings.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00003-00000689-00000864": "Kellie Elmore says some of", "e11wnq5NQEg-00004-00000864-00001095": "the best memories are made in flip flops.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00005-00001095-00001236": "When I think of summer,", "e11wnq5NQEg-00006-00001236-00001473": "I think of hot sunny days in Wyoming,", "e11wnq5NQEg-00007-00001473-00001716": "spending time in the great outdoors,", "e11wnq5NQEg-00008-00001716-00002097": "hiking, biking, enjoying all that our state has to offer.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00009-00002097-00002668": "[MUSIC] The first tip", "e11wnq5NQEg-00010-00002668-00002919": "for summer is to look at your budget", "e11wnq5NQEg-00011-00002919-00003165": "and to see what you can afford to do.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00012-00003165-00003494": "Look at all your calendars and your money situation,", "e11wnq5NQEg-00013-00003494-00003827": "and then decide as a family which events,", "e11wnq5NQEg-00014-00003827-00004377": "projects, and places you plan to go during this summer.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00015-00004377-00004687": "Prioritization is the key", "e11wnq5NQEg-00016-00004687-00004950": "to keep you on track with your finances.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00017-00004950-00005156": "If you don't have the money,", "e11wnq5NQEg-00018-00005156-00005384": "the word no is very helpful.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00019-00005384-00005618": "In my opinion, fun's never worth it", "e11wnq5NQEg-00020-00005618-00005855": "if it puts you in a scary place financially.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00021-00005855-00006259": "That's just my own deal.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00022-00006259-00006539": "Other warmer weather expenses that may", "e11wnq5NQEg-00023-00006539-00006804": "increase include your utilities.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00024-00006804-00007120": "Running your air conditioner plus watering your lawn,", "e11wnq5NQEg-00025-00007120-00007358": "and garden, and all your plants can add up.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00026-00007358-00007637": "Plants are wonderful addition to", "e11wnq5NQEg-00027-00007637-00008018": "any home and outdoor space,", "e11wnq5NQEg-00028-00008018-00008159": "and you can transform", "e11wnq5NQEg-00029-00008159-00008552": "your outdoor space into a vacation-like feel.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00030-00008552-00008778": "But the cost of decorating", "e11wnq5NQEg-00031-00008778-00009101": "an outdoor furniture and a court can add up,", "e11wnq5NQEg-00032-00009101-00009320": "so you want to find those things on sale,", "e11wnq5NQEg-00033-00009320-00009497": "or look for Facebook sales,", "e11wnq5NQEg-00034-00009497-00009717": "or people who are giving stuff away.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00035-00009717-00010010": "To save on summer utilities,", "e11wnq5NQEg-00036-00010010-00010166": "you're going to want to use the grill", "e11wnq5NQEg-00037-00010166-00010383": "outside instead of the oven.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00038-00010383-00010572": "Turn on your ceiling fan,", "e11wnq5NQEg-00039-00010572-00010994": "insulate your home for summer and winter.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00040-00010994-00011354": "Contact your utility company", "e11wnq5NQEg-00041-00011354-00011547": "and they can give you some tips,", "e11wnq5NQEg-00042-00011547-00011879": "ideas, and programs they may have available.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00043-00011879-00012137": "You want to adjust your thermostat so that you're", "e11wnq5NQEg-00044-00012137-00012557": "not constantly turning it down or up.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00045-00012557-00012780": "You want to make sure your air conditioner", "e11wnq5NQEg-00046-00012780-00013133": "is ready to go and is efficient,", "e11wnq5NQEg-00047-00013133-00013536": "so you want to get a checkup before summer comes.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00048-00013536-00013706": "You want to close the drapes and", "e11wnq5NQEg-00049-00013706-00013994": "blinds during the heat of the day to", "e11wnq5NQEg-00050-00013994-00014297": "reduce it coming in late at night", "e11wnq5NQEg-00051-00014297-00014569": "or early morning depending on you.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00052-00014569-00014756": "You don't want to put yourself at risk,", "e11wnq5NQEg-00053-00014756-00015002": "but you want to open the windows for", "e11wnq5NQEg-00054-00015002-00015342": "a cross breeze to let the cooler air in.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00055-00015342-00015599": "For yard care and plants,", "e11wnq5NQEg-00056-00015599-00015858": "some ways to save on your plants could include,", "e11wnq5NQEg-00057-00015858-00016106": "asking your family and friends", "e11wnq5NQEg-00058-00016106-00016371": "for cuttings or extra plants that they may have", "e11wnq5NQEg-00059-00016371-00016498": "that they're not going to be using", "e11wnq5NQEg-00060-00016498-00016629": "because I know sometimes", "e11wnq5NQEg-00061-00016629-00016982": "I've overbought in the past and I'm happy to share.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00062-00016982-00017249": "Your local extension office,", "e11wnq5NQEg-00063-00017249-00017573": "sometimes they have seed libraries available,", "e11wnq5NQEg-00064-00017573-00017785": "or master gardeners have events.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00065-00017785-00017919": "You could look for that.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00066-00017919-00018140": "Be willing to dig up your free plants", "e11wnq5NQEg-00067-00018140-00018321": "if you're going to be asking for them.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00068-00018321-00018530": "You might have to do", "e11wnq5NQEg-00069-00018530-00018815": "some work to get some free plants, but it's worth it.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00070-00018815-00018968": "You want to make sure, if you're", "e11wnq5NQEg-00071-00018968-00019091": "going to get a yard work done,", "e11wnq5NQEg-00072-00019091-00019433": "that you get estimates from several people because", "e11wnq5NQEg-00073-00019433-00019536": "I had an estimate", "e11wnq5NQEg-00074-00019536-00019793": "for a lawn mower service which was fine,", "e11wnq5NQEg-00075-00019793-00019965": "but it was 140 a month.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00076-00019965-00020111": "That was steep, so I bought", "e11wnq5NQEg-00077-00020111-00020423": "an electric lawn mower and a weed eater,", "e11wnq5NQEg-00078-00020423-00020691": "and it was worth it for me to learn how to do it.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00079-00020691-00021038": "Sunscreen, something else that is a year-round necessity,", "e11wnq5NQEg-00080-00021038-00021201": "but especially in the summer.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00081-00021201-00021489": "You want to look at Consumer Reports,", "e11wnq5NQEg-00082-00021489-00021767": "and then look at what works the best,", "e11wnq5NQEg-00083-00021767-00022049": "and then purchase it at a discount store.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00084-00022049-00022264": "A lot of times, places like Walgreens,", "e11wnq5NQEg-00085-00022264-00023024": "they have sales on current seasonal items. Bug spray.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00086-00023024-00023211": "You also want to purchase that at", "e11wnq5NQEg-00087-00023211-00023591": "the discount store and look at Consumer Reports", "e11wnq5NQEg-00088-00023591-00023811": "for their ratings regarding", "e11wnq5NQEg-00089-00023811-00024004": "the different types that they have", "e11wnq5NQEg-00090-00024004-00024186": "because some target mosquitos,", "e11wnq5NQEg-00091-00024186-00024329": "some target bugs,", "e11wnq5NQEg-00092-00024329-00024572": "some target all kinds of different stuff,", "e11wnq5NQEg-00093-00024572-00024822": "so you want to make sure that bug spray is", "e11wnq5NQEg-00094-00024822-00025136": "truly the bug you want to get rid of.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00095-00025136-00025277": "Barbecue supplies.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00096-00025277-00025394": "You want to look in your kitchen to", "e11wnq5NQEg-00097-00025394-00025538": "see if you have anything that you can use", "e11wnq5NQEg-00098-00025538-00025901": "outside instead of buying new supplies.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00099-00025901-00026122": "Gas fuel.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00100-00026122-00026449": "Since you're probably going to be going some road trips,", "e11wnq5NQEg-00101-00026449-00026770": "your fuel bill will go up.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00102-00026770-00027087": "There's all kinds of little apps out there like", "e11wnq5NQEg-00103-00027087-00027323": "GasBuddy to see where", "e11wnq5NQEg-00104-00027323-00027570": "the cheapest places are to fill your tank.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00105-00027570-00027833": "If you're going to be stopping during your trips,", "e11wnq5NQEg-00106-00027833-00028000": "like in convenient stores,", "e11wnq5NQEg-00107-00028000-00028339": "that can add up with all the snacks.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00108-00028339-00028627": "But who doesn't want to go on a road trip without snacks?", "e11wnq5NQEg-00109-00028627-00029077": "I like to go to the discount store and stock up ahead", "e11wnq5NQEg-00110-00029077-00029527": "of time and be able to save a little bit on that.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00111-00029527-00029683": "Sometimes with cold stuff,", "e11wnq5NQEg-00112-00029683-00029888": "it's nice to have a super cold drink.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00113-00029888-00030189": "You can buy one of those, but that's a lot less", "e11wnq5NQEg-00114-00030189-00030485": "than more things. Bind it all.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00115-00030485-00030686": "Parking. You want to make sure that when you're", "e11wnq5NQEg-00116-00030686-00030895": "going to be taking a trip that", "e11wnq5NQEg-00117-00030895-00031189": "the hotel offers free parking because", "e11wnq5NQEg-00118-00031189-00031576": "sometimes parking could be exorbitant,", "e11wnq5NQEg-00119-00031576-00031739": "really expensive, and you want to add", "e11wnq5NQEg-00120-00031739-00031947": "that into your trip.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00121-00031947-00032127": "Car rental insurance.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00122-00032127-00032430": "Your own insurance may cover that.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00123-00032430-00032641": "Check into that ahead of time.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00124-00032641-00032793": "Activities for the kids.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00125-00032793-00032996": "You always want to bring some things for your kids to", "e11wnq5NQEg-00126-00032996-00033230": "do: books, toys, snacks,", "e11wnq5NQEg-00127-00033230-00033458": "all kinds of things to keep them busy", "e11wnq5NQEg-00128-00033458-00033804": "because they need to be entertained as well.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00129-00033804-00034019": "Then tipping, you want to make", "e11wnq5NQEg-00130-00034019-00034238": "sure that you're tipping is included.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00131-00034238-00034541": "Some of the things that you build in for tipping when", "e11wnq5NQEg-00132-00034541-00034957": "you're doing your summer activities,", "e11wnq5NQEg-00133-00034957-00035311": "that's something that may get out of hand.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00134-00035311-00035472": "Then finally, what you wear.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00135-00035472-00035813": "You want to make sure to take inventory of your stuff", "e11wnq5NQEg-00136-00035813-00036005": "and then make sure you", "e11wnq5NQEg-00137-00036005-00036218": "have everything ready to go for the summer.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00138-00036218-00036506": "I hope you enjoy these summer saving tips,", "e11wnq5NQEg-00139-00036506-00036759": "and most of all, I hope you enjoy your summer.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00140-00036759-00036924": "Please share and like this.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00141-00036924-00037049": "Thank you so much.", "e11wnq5NQEg-00142-00037049-00037723": "[MUSIC]"}}, {"audio_id": "e1oxcvfJCUA", "text": {"e1oxcvfJCUA-00000-00000000-00000462": "The Asiatic black bear, also known as the moon bear or white-chested bear,", "e1oxcvfJCUA-00001-00000462-00000990": "is a medium-sized bear species native to the forests and mountains of Asia. They", "e1oxcvfJCUA-00002-00000990-00001494": "have shaggy black fur with a distinctive white or cream-colored patch on their chest, which varies", "e1oxcvfJCUA-00003-00001494-00002046": "in size and shape. Asiatic black bears have a stocky build, with broad shoulders and short,", "e1oxcvfJCUA-00004-00002046-00002604": "powerful legs, which enable them to climb trees with ease. They are omnivorous and feed on a", "e1oxcvfJCUA-00005-00002604-00003204": "variety of food items including fruits, nuts, insects, small mammals, and occasionally larger", "e1oxcvfJCUA-00006-00003204-00003774": "prey. Due to habitat loss, illegal hunting for their body parts, and human-wildlife conflict,", "e1oxcvfJCUA-00007-00003774-00004308": "Asiatic black bears are listed as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of", "e1oxcvfJCUA-00008-00004308-00004758": "Nature (IUCN). Conservation efforts such as habitat protection, anti-poaching measures,", "e1oxcvfJCUA-00009-00004758-00005298": "and public education campaigns are necessary to ensure the survival of this iconic species."}}, {"audio_id": "e29Y-TNP7VY", "text": {"e29Y-TNP7VY-00000-00000000-00000173": "- We are here now", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00001-00000173-00000528": "for the second of the keynotes", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00002-00000528-00000706": "that we have set up for today", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00003-00000706-00001008": "in a list of amazing presenters and presentations", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00004-00001008-00001199": "that we have lined up for today.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00005-00001199-00001467": "So I'm very glad to be able to have,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00006-00001467-00001785": "that you are able to be here, and to be able to share", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00007-00001895-00002206": "the amazing speakers that we have lined up for today.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00008-00002206-00002501": "Candace Thille is here to deliver", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00009-00002501-00002720": "the second keynote address of the day.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00010-00002720-00003135": "And she is Senior Research Fellow", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00011-00003135-00003399": "in the Office of the Vice Provost for Teaching and Learning", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00012-00003399-00003519": "and an Assistant Professor", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00013-00003519-00003834": "in the Graduate School of Education at Stanford University.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00014-00003834-00003988": "She's also the Founding Director", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00015-00003988-00004183": "of the Open Learning Initiative", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00016-00004183-00004350": "at Carnegie Mellon University,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00017-00004350-00004713": "which is now at Stanford University.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00018-00004713-00005083": "She also sits on the Advisory Council for the NSF Directors", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00019-00005083-00005270": "for Education and Human Resources.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00020-00005270-00005572": "She served on the Working Group of the", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00021-00005572-00006044": "President's Council of Advisers on Science and Technology.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00022-00006136-00006332": "PCAST, is that what it's called, PCAST?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00023-00006332-00006728": "And that produced the Engage and Excel Report.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00024-00006728-00006819": "And she served on", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00025-00006819-00007025": "the US Department of Education Working Group", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00026-00007025-00007419": "co-authoring the 2010 National Education Technology Plan", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00027-00007419-00007666": "and is currently serving on the Working Group", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00028-00007666-00008166": "to co-author the 2015 National Education Technology Plan.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00029-00008199-00008439": "Please welcome Candace Thille.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00030-00008439-00008752": "(audience claps)", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00031-00009493-00009594": "- Okay, everybody hears me?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00032-00009594-00009695": "Yes, okay.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00033-00009695-00009903": "So what I thought I would talk about today", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00034-00009903-00010230": "is the science of learning technology, big data,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00035-00010230-00010565": "and transformation in higher education.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00036-00010565-00010964": "And I'm gonna try and make my remarks in about 30 minutes", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00037-00010964-00011098": "'cause I really wanna have,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00038-00011098-00011275": "based on the conversations that were happening", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00039-00011275-00011417": "already this morning, I really wanna have", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00040-00011417-00011777": "lots of time to have a conversation.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00041-00011777-00012177": "So I also I'm really fine with people interrupting me", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00042-00012177-00012490": "at any point and challenging something,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00043-00012490-00012649": "asking a question.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00044-00012649-00012882": "This really, the point is for us to have", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00045-00012882-00013159": "a shared co-construction of knowledge here.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00046-00013198-00013408": "So, first I'm gonna start off,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00047-00013408-00013730": "how many learning scientists are in the room?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00048-00013804-00013983": "Okay, so I'll just really quickly,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00049-00013983-00014179": "so I'm not sure on those three pieces", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00050-00014179-00014356": "where to put the emphasis.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00051-00014356-00014687": "But so the goal of the science of learning is simple.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00052-00014687-00015187": "To describe, explain, predict student learning.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00053-00015283-00015726": "And where we conduct our research is...", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00054-00016112-00016437": "Since David did a quadrant, I thought I'd do quadrants.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00055-00016437-00016815": "So my quadrants go from low emphasis on basic science", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00056-00016815-00017187": "to high emphasis on basic science in doing the research.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00057-00017187-00017441": "And low emphasis on applied work,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00058-00017441-00017715": "to high emphasis on applied work.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00059-00017715-00018022": "So if you're doing research in high emphasis", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00060-00018022-00018351": "on basic science to low emphasis on applied work,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00061-00018351-00018599": "people would say you were in Bohr's quadrant.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00062-00018599-00018796": "So you're doing basic, you're contributing", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00063-00018796-00019070": "to our basic understanding of human learning,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00064-00019070-00019474": "but you're not solving any real world problems.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00065-00019474-00019769": "Most of, I'm gonna guess most of the people in this room", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00066-00019769-00020094": "would situate themselves here in Edison's quadrant", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00067-00020094-00020459": "where you're not really so concerned on contributing", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00068-00020459-00020685": "to our basic understanding of human learning,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00069-00020685-00020949": "but you have real world educational problems", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00070-00020949-00021122": "you're trying to solve.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00071-00021122-00021320": "So it's very applied research.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00072-00021320-00021536": "And that would be Edison's quadrant.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00073-00021654-00021847": "Where there's also this quadrant,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00074-00021847-00021995": "which is you're doing research", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00075-00021995-00022223": "in low emphasis on basic science", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00076-00022223-00022450": "and low emphasis on applied work.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00077-00022450-00022937": "That was called by Stokes, who's the bird guy?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00078-00022937-00023199": "Peterson, Peterson's quadrant.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00079-00023199-00023395": "It's research that's driven", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00080-00023395-00023667": "by the curiosity of the researcher.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00081-00023667-00023917": "When I talk to my students about this,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00082-00023917-00024387": "I call this quadrant what NSF will not fund.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00083-00024387-00024602": "(audience laughs)", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00084-00024602-00024911": "Then there is, so I try and caution them", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00085-00024911-00025106": "to stay out of that quadrant.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00086-00025162-00025550": "Then there is Pasteur's quadrant, after Louis Pasteur.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00087-00025550-00025924": "So what Pasteur did was he tried to formulate research", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00088-00025924-00026164": "that did two things simultaneously,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00089-00026164-00026284": "helped us make progress", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00090-00026284-00026593": "in our fundamental understanding of science,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00091-00026593-00026763": "fundamental contribution to science,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00092-00026763-00027038": "at the same time he was solving a real world problem.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00093-00027038-00027346": "And I put forward to you that educational research", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00094-00027346-00027830": "in particular should be, should and can be done", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00095-00027830-00028246": "in Pasteur's quadrant, where were constructing interventions", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00096-00028246-00028700": "that simultaneously help us increase our understanding", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00097-00028700-00028968": "of human learning at the same time", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00098-00028968-00029295": "that we're solving real educational challenges.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00099-00029390-00029715": "Okay, so that's my pitch on learning science.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00100-00029715-00030034": "Now, this is where I know you guys are gonna all shine", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00101-00030034-00030226": "'cause this is where you live.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00102-00030282-00030782": "So I always talk about learning science and technology.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00103-00030886-00031143": "And I always wanna ask the room,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00104-00031143-00031437": "so what's so great about technology", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00105-00031437-00031685": "with respect to higher education?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00106-00031685-00031983": "And usually I get one of three answers.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00107-00031983-00032253": "So I'm gonna ask you for your answer here.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00108-00032253-00032343": "But I'm gonna tell you what", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00109-00032343-00032500": "the three answers are that I get.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00110-00032500-00032848": "The first one, big in online learning,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00111-00032848-00033090": "access, and convenience.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00112-00033090-00033274": "If you have a computer,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00113-00033274-00033687": "you can learn anytime, anyplace.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00114-00033752-00033957": "Access and convenience.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00115-00033995-00034239": "The second one was what I spent a lot of time", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00116-00034239-00034409": "at Carnegie Mellon working on,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00117-00034409-00034688": "which is simulations and personalization.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00118-00034688-00034994": "We can do really cool things with this technology", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00119-00034994-00035303": "that's really hard to do in a classroom, you know.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00120-00035303-00035476": "In an engineering class, we could have some", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00121-00035476-00035838": "construct bridges and they fall down,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00122-00035838-00036025": "and nobody gets killed.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00123-00036025-00036452": "So there's a lot we can do with a simulation personalization", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00124-00036452-00036620": "using these environments.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00125-00036620-00036903": "The third one is what you hear a lot more about", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00126-00036903-00037242": "these days than you used to, which is connection.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00127-00037242-00037508": "These computers are not just sitting there", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00128-00037508-00037667": "as isolated machines.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00129-00037667-00038024": "They're on a great big network called the internet.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00130-00038024-00038207": "And because they're on an internet,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00131-00038207-00038544": "we can use them as devices to connect our learners", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00132-00038544-00039044": "to other learners, to resources, to experts, to the world.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00133-00039113-00039428": "So these are the three big powers of this technology.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00134-00039428-00039726": "So now I just wanna get a poll in the room.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00135-00039726-00039946": "How many people think that really", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00136-00039946-00040313": "the biggest transformative power of the technology", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00137-00040313-00040698": "is the first one, access and convenience,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00138-00040748-00041004": "that that's really what's making the change?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00139-00041130-00041299": "Okay, how about the second one?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00140-00041299-00041532": "No, no, no, Candace, it's all the simulation personal,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00141-00041532-00041788": "no, the cool stuff you can do with the technology?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00142-00041941-00042167": "Raise your hands high, if you think of.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00143-00042167-00042317": "Okay, how many people think it's,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00144-00042317-00042555": "now it's all about the connection?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00145-00042585-00042791": "Yeah, you know, I would have predicted that from this group.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00146-00042858-00043122": "So how many of you say, Candace,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00147-00043122-00043396": "this is a bad multiple choice question?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00148-00043396-00043622": "(audience laughs)", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00149-00043622-00043908": "You know, I wanna say all of the above.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00150-00044008-00044200": "How about none of the above?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00151-00044291-00044502": "How about I don't raise my hand", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00152-00044502-00044650": "when you ask me to raise my hand?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00153-00044650-00044853": "(audience laughs)", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00154-00044853-00044977": "So I mean, I agree with you.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00155-00044977-00045188": "It is a bad multiple choice question.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00156-00045188-00045460": "But I use it not because there's a right answer,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00157-00045460-00045598": "but because I'm just trying to get a sense", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00158-00045598-00045756": "of where the room is.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00159-00045756-00046137": "And I agree with you, that it is really all of these things.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00160-00046137-00046463": "But I also think from my perspective", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00161-00046523-00046747": "it's actually none of these things.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00162-00046801-00047216": "The big power of this technology is", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00163-00047216-00047481": "what Google has already figured out.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00164-00047539-00047835": "It is what Netflix has figured out.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00165-00047835-00048141": "It is what Amazon has figured out.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00166-00048141-00048495": "The power of this technology is not using it", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00167-00048495-00048995": "to push stuff out, but to push it to the inferface", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00168-00049117-00049617": "because in the interface we can observe the learner.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00169-00049701-00049969": "Now, Netflix, Amazon, Google,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00170-00049969-00050391": "they're all observing our interactions in their interface", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00171-00050391-00050702": "every day for their purposes,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00172-00050702-00051005": "which is to understand us better as consumers.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00173-00051005-00051196": "Both individually as consumers so they know", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00174-00051196-00051411": "how to market to us individually better,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00175-00051411-00051703": "but also to consumers in general.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00176-00051789-00051971": "So that might feel kind of creepy", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00177-00051971-00052200": "that I'm advocating that we do the same thing.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00178-00052200-00052401": "And we can have a whole conversation about that.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00179-00052401-00052610": "But what I'm saying is we're not looking", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00180-00052610-00052868": "at the learners as consumers.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00181-00052868-00053173": "We're looking at them as learners.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00182-00053173-00053536": "Because if we can observe the learning process,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00183-00053536-00053965": "we can both serve the individual learner better,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00184-00053965-00054465": "but also we can understand learning as a collective better,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00185-00054532-00054810": "so that will help us design better and better", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00186-00054810-00054976": "learning environments.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00187-00055055-00055514": "So I call this our killer app, which is we design", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00188-00055514-00055782": "learning activities that collect data", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00189-00055782-00056071": "to make the learning process visible", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00190-00056071-00056388": "and use that data to provide feedback", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00191-00056388-00056759": "for continuous improvement to all of the stake holders", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00192-00056759-00057042": "in the education system.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00193-00057042-00057202": "And who are those people?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00194-00057202-00057613": "So they are the students, instructors,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00195-00057613-00058023": "course designers, and learning researchers.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00196-00058023-00058295": "So I'm gonna talk about each of those groups separately.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00197-00058295-00058734": "So for students, we have to design the environments", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00198-00058734-00059102": "so that the students are interacting with the environment", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00199-00059102-00059322": "in such a way it's collecting data that will help us", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00200-00059322-00059630": "really give insight into the students' knowledge state.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00201-00059630-00059836": "So we first start off with what we think", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00202-00059836-00060001": "we know about learning,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00203-00060001-00060261": "like goal directed practice and targeted feedback", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00204-00060261-00060507": "enhances the quality of the students' learning.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00205-00060507-00060895": "And then we design the interactive environment to do that,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00206-00060895-00061198": "to give the students clearly articulated goals,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00207-00061198-00061509": "design the interactions so that they're getting feedback", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00208-00061509-00061683": "as they're working that's supporting them", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00209-00061683-00061887": "and scaffolding them to learn.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00210-00061887-00062124": "And in the interest of time", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00211-00062124-00062386": "I'm not gonna show you examples of that.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00212-00062386-00062626": "But suffice it to say I'm happy to show you examples", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00213-00062626-00062771": "of how we design the environments", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00214-00062771-00063049": "to do goal directed practice and targeted feedback.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00215-00063049-00063370": "My guess is given all of your professional experience,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00216-00063370-00063618": "you probably know the kind of environment I'm talking about.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00217-00063618-00063762": "So I'm not gonna go into as much detail", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00218-00063762-00063939": "as I normally would have.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00219-00064024-00064379": "The other one, though is feedback from the instructor.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00220-00064425-00064909": "So the idea is as the students", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00221-00064909-00065135": "are interacting with the environment,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00222-00065197-00065451": "the system is collecting data", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00223-00065451-00065632": "about the students' interaction,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00224-00065632-00065888": "meaningful data, not just when did they log in.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00225-00065888-00066136": "But when they make a move, it interprets that", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00226-00066136-00066378": "as they're struggling with this.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00227-00066378-00066756": "And it accumulates all of those interactions over time", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00228-00066756-00067052": "and feeds it through an underlying cognitive model", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00229-00067052-00067345": "and then at any point in time can give in a prediction", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00230-00067345-00067607": "to the faculty member about their class as a whole", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00231-00067607-00067824": "or about any individual learner.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00232-00067824-00068127": "So this is kind of what the current state", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00233-00068127-00068409": "of the instructor dashboard looks like.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00234-00068409-00068771": "So this is out of the current version", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00235-00068771-00068988": "of our statistics course.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00236-00068988-00069128": "So a couple of things to note,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00237-00069128-00069315": "one of them is, this is the first module", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00238-00069315-00069502": "on examining distributions.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00239-00069502-00069808": "These are the six learning goals outcomes", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00240-00069808-00070045": "for that module.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00241-00070045-00070330": "And you'll notice that they're stated in student centered", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00242-00070330-00070521": "and observable ways.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00243-00070588-00071076": "This bar is a representation of that faculty member's class", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00244-00071076-00071244": "at this point in time.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00245-00071298-00071607": "So the students in green, the system is predicting", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00246-00071607-00071804": "if you were to give them an assessment today", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00247-00071804-00072087": "on that outcome, summarize and describe", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00248-00072087-00072367": "the distribution of a variable in context,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00249-00072367-00072581": "that the students would nail that.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00250-00072660-00072964": "The orange means that those students are working on it", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00251-00072964-00073228": "and they're kind of moderate at it.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00252-00073274-00073618": "Red means those students are trying,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00253-00073618-00073788": "but they are struggling.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00254-00073788-00073998": "They're not getting it.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00255-00073998-00074181": "Anybody have a guess about gray?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00256-00074252-00074509": "(muffled talking)", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00257-00074509-00074813": "Yeah, they haven't done enough number", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00258-00074813-00075142": "of interactions with the activities to feed the model,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00259-00075142-00075374": "to make any kind of reliable prediction.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00260-00075434-00075735": "So you could still, I used, I eat me own,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00261-00075735-00075853": "not eat my own dog food.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00262-00075853-00075989": "I drink my own champagne.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00263-00075989-00076371": "I used the OLI Statistics Course last quarter", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00264-00076371-00076715": "to teach a data analysis course I was teaching at Stanford.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00265-00076715-00076985": "And I taught on Tuesdays and Thursdays.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00266-00076985-00077400": "And so on Tuesday", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00267-00077400-00077744": "I would tell the students work through module three", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00268-00077744-00078074": "and finish it by 10:00 Monday night.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00269-00078148-00078320": "And the reason I would tell them that", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00270-00078320-00078659": "is 'cause I had to teach at 2:00, 10:00 Tuesday morning,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00271-00078659-00078800": "and I needed some time to look", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00272-00078800-00078988": "at what the dashboard was telling me", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00273-00078988-00079192": "the students' knowledge state", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00274-00079192-00079628": "so I could plan my class based on real-time information", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00275-00079628-00079886": "about what they're getting and what they're struggling with.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00276-00079997-00080251": "So if I have a little extra time, I can click in", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00277-00080251-00080530": "and I could see who are the students", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00278-00080530-00080916": "that are in that band of moderate learning.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00279-00080916-00081231": "And I can also see how many activities they've completed", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00280-00081231-00081464": "that's driving that prediction.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00281-00081464-00081730": "I can also look for that larger outcome,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00282-00081730-00081844": "relate the measures of center", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00283-00081844-00082047": "and spread to the shape of the distribution", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00284-00082047-00082332": "and choose the appropriate measure and context.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00285-00082332-00082641": "But these are the sub-skills and concepts", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00286-00082641-00082789": "that they would be to do well on", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00287-00082789-00083161": "in order to drive a positive prediction there.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00288-00083161-00083358": "So I can also see the distribution", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00289-00083358-00083596": "of their skill set on those sub-skills.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00290-00083596-00083799": "So I could click in all kinds of different ways.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00291-00083799-00084160": "I can also look at for any given student", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00292-00084160-00084355": "what the prediction is for that student", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00293-00084355-00084624": "and what the activities are that are predicting", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00294-00084624-00085005": "that knowledge state for that student at this point in time.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00295-00085080-00085444": "So I'm just gonna, so that's the feedback to the instructor.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00296-00085496-00085781": "Now there's the one that's near and dear to all our hearts,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00297-00085781-00085951": "the course design.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00298-00085951-00086152": "So something that's very different", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00299-00086152-00086358": "about OLI courseware designs", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00300-00086358-00086723": "and a lot of other course design, it's not,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00301-00086723-00087036": "I never went to an individual faculty member and said,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00302-00087036-00087269": "\"Let's put your course online.\"", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00303-00087405-00087776": "All OLI courses are developed by teams", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00304-00087776-00088162": "of multiple faculty in that discipline", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00305-00088162-00088340": "with an instructional designer,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00306-00088340-00088503": "with learning engineers,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00307-00088503-00088972": "with software developers, project managers,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00308-00088972-00089356": "user experience experts, human computer interaction experts,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00309-00089356-00089665": "'cause we need that diversity of expertise", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00310-00089665-00090078": "collaborating on the creation of these environments.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00311-00090149-00090239": "And then once the,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00312-00090239-00090542": "so let me just reiterate how the data gets used.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00313-00090542-00090906": "So the individual learner that's using the course,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00314-00090970-00091396": "they get feedback based on their interaction.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00315-00091396-00091576": "So the data loop is happening that way", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00316-00091576-00091789": "for me, the individual learner.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00317-00091789-00092084": "For a faculty member who is using the environment", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00318-00092084-00092427": "to teach their course, they're getting their data", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00319-00092427-00092711": "from all of the students in their class.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00320-00092711-00092901": "That's what's driving their feedback.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00321-00092901-00093312": "For the course design team, they're getting the data", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00322-00093312-00093641": "from all the students in all of the courses", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00323-00093641-00093806": "that are using the environment", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00324-00093806-00094153": "so that we can look across the 60 institutions and say", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00325-00094153-00094470": "where is the design that we did working to support", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00326-00094470-00094626": "the learning we're trying to support", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00327-00094626-00094913": "and where do we need to focus our attention and how.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00328-00095157-00095399": "And then a fourth feedback loop,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00329-00095399-00095638": "which is kind of my favorite,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00330-00095638-00095867": "is to the learning researchers.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00331-00095917-00096417": "And this gets to some of the limitations in the earlier ways", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00332-00096482-00096681": "we've always done learning research.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00333-00096681-00096971": "The gold standard of course is randomized controlled trials", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00334-00096971-00097266": "where we, you know, assign students to a condition,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00335-00097351-00097510": "tightly control the variables,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00336-00097510-00097705": "those often happen in our labs", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00337-00097705-00098121": "with very short, very short periods of learning.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00338-00098121-00098430": "So it's often difficult to get the same kind of effect", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00339-00098430-00098562": "when you take it out of the lab", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00340-00098562-00098763": "and do it in a real world context.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00341-00098763-00099050": "So randomized controlled trials have,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00342-00099050-00099448": "and they're really difficult to do in the real world too.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00343-00099448-00099651": "So really hard.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00344-00099651-00099906": "Classroom studies are the other kinds of research we do", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00345-00099906-00100295": "where you'll go into a classroom and observe an intervention", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00346-00100295-00100462": "over a long period of time.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00347-00100462-00100775": "The challenge there is there are often so many variables", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00348-00100775-00100950": "that even if you get an effect,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00349-00100950-00101239": "it's hard to say what the causal connections are.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00350-00101239-00101574": "So both of our traditional ways of doing learning research", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00351-00101574-00101956": "in real educational settings are limited.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00352-00101956-00102267": "And I would put forward that these environments", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00353-00102267-00102519": "actually create the best of both worlds,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00354-00102519-00102728": "that the web-based learning environments", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00355-00102728-00102968": "are really great research environments", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00356-00102968-00103307": "because we can combine the theory with the practice,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00357-00103307-00103545": "create theory-based interventions", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00358-00103545-00103839": "into the online environment,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00359-00103839-00103992": "but the students are using them", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00360-00103992-00104132": "because they're really learning,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00361-00104132-00104297": "so it's an authentic context", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00362-00104297-00104596": "that we can then track over time.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00363-00104596-00104998": "So it puts us back right", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00364-00104998-00105433": "into Pasteur's quadrant.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00365-00105680-00105975": "Okay, so as I said, I started this project", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00366-00105975-00106298": "at Carnegie Mellon in 2002.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00367-00106298-00106510": "And we did, I just put some results", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00368-00106510-00106764": "from some of the statistics courseware that we did.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00369-00106764-00106934": "We did an accelerated learning study", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00370-00106934-00107111": "where we were able to demonstrate that students", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00371-00107111-00107480": "using the OLI courseware were able to complete the course", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00372-00107480-00107810": "in half the time, in eight weeks, instead of 15 weeks", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00373-00107810-00107977": "with one class meeting a week", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00374-00107977-00108174": "instead of four class meetings a week.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00375-00108174-00108481": "And on all measures they did as well or better", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00376-00108481-00108737": "than the students in the traditional instruction.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00377-00108737-00109117": "And then there was Bill Bowen in Ithaca did a study", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00378-00109117-00109432": "that a lot of SUNY institutions were involved in", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00379-00109432-00109780": "looking at they couldn't do the same accelerated study,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00380-00109780-00110101": "but they were looking, their question was more about cost.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00381-00110101-00110448": "So they were seeing if they could achieve the same outcomes", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00382-00110448-00110787": "with lower cost and lower student impact.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00383-00110822-00111156": "So we've got some really great results,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00384-00111156-00111421": "but there were some real limits to what we were doing", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00385-00111421-00111782": "and what I call now OLI version 1.0.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00386-00111782-00112047": "And those limits were the first one,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00387-00112047-00112270": "which should resonate for everyone", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00388-00112270-00112530": "from the talk this morning that David did,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00389-00112530-00112918": "which is we openly licensed all of the courses.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00390-00112918-00113148": "So they're open educational resources.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00391-00113148-00113418": "However, the platform on which they run", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00392-00113418-00113682": "that does all that data analytics and feedback,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00393-00113682-00114076": "I did not at the time open source the platform.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00394-00114076-00114320": "And I didn't open source the platform frankly", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00395-00114320-00114621": "because I didn't want to be, take all my time managing", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00396-00114621-00114828": "a big open source software project.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00397-00114828-00115172": "But the consequence of that is the platform is closed.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00398-00115172-00115328": "It's proprietary.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00399-00115328-00115621": "So the OLI courses, then when I left Carnegie Mellon", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00400-00115621-00116045": "and came to Stanford, I lost all access to the platform,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00401-00116125-00116502": "which has since, so the courses are being", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00402-00116572-00116854": "essentially sold by a for-profit company now.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00403-00116854-00116974": "And it's pretty much the only way", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00404-00116974-00117186": "you can get access to them.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00405-00117186-00117334": "So I'm changing that.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00406-00117334-00117742": "So at Stanford I'm building into the open edX platform,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00407-00117742-00117966": "which is an open source platform,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00408-00117966-00118423": "the functionality that we need to support the OLI courses.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00409-00118423-00118611": "And as soon as that done, I'm gonna pull", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00410-00118611-00118848": "the openly licensed courses over", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00411-00118848-00119005": "into the open source platform", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00412-00119005-00119272": "where there will be open educational resources again.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00413-00119272-00119481": "So unlike that condition that David", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00414-00119481-00119664": "was talking about this morning,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00415-00119664-00119859": "which is things can be technically open", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00416-00119859-00120009": "but not legally open,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00417-00120009-00120210": "these courses are in the opposite condition.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00418-00120210-00120558": "They're legally open, but they're not technically open yet,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00419-00120558-00120674": "but they will be.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00420-00120724-00120972": "The other thing that we did wrong, I would say,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00421-00120972-00121214": "again, David made these points this morning,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00422-00121214-00121602": "is we didn't spend any time building authoring tools.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00423-00121602-00121860": "So pretty much if are using an OLI course,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00424-00121860-00122187": "it was like, here it is, use it or don't.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00425-00122187-00122526": "But if you wanted to make changes and adaptations to it,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00426-00122526-00122910": "you kinda had to come to us and work with us to do it.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00427-00122910-00123331": "So the open edX platform has built into it authoring tools.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00428-00123331-00123524": "So as we're extending the platform,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00429-00123524-00123754": "we're also extending the authoring tools.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00430-00123754-00123891": "So faculty will be able to take", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00431-00123891-00124282": "the core course that we built and make modifications", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00432-00124282-00124677": "and changes individually if they want to.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00433-00124727-00124949": "There was also, I was talking about the data", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00434-00124949-00125142": "and how important that representation is.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00435-00125142-00125459": "There was actually limited visual representation", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00436-00125459-00125781": "for the course design teams or for the learning researchers.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00437-00125781-00125921": "We really focused our attention", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00438-00125921-00126194": "on doing the data representations for the teaching,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00439-00126194-00126399": "for the faculty that were teaching the course,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00440-00126399-00126653": "but didn't spend as much time coming up", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00441-00126653-00126909": "with representations that mere mortals", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00442-00126909-00127177": "could understand around the course development.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00443-00127177-00127340": "So we're changing that too.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00444-00127340-00127583": "And then I guess the last one that I'm gonna spend", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00445-00127583-00127903": "any time really talking about is the learning science.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00446-00127903-00128164": "At Carnegie Mellon and my colleagues there", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00447-00128164-00128401": "was really cognitive science.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00448-00128401-00128639": "And what I'll talk about in a minute", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00449-00128639-00129035": "is that there's so many more aspects of learning", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00450-00129035-00129364": "that are not essentially studied and attended to", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00451-00129364-00129588": "by just looking at the cognitive processes.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00452-00129588-00129789": "It's great, but it's not enough.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00453-00129835-00130240": "Okay, so with the first one we did cognitive science,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00454-00130240-00130567": "which is we did, took these complex cognitive tasks,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00455-00130567-00130776": "like being able to do a data analysis,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00456-00130776-00130947": "and deconstructed them", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00457-00130947-00131351": "into the component skills and concepts", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00458-00131351-00131615": "and then designed activities to give students", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00459-00131615-00131833": "targeted hints and feedback so that they could", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00460-00131833-00132093": "build mastery on those skills and synthesize", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00461-00132093-00132335": "and apply them in new contexts.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00462-00132335-00132455": "What I'm doing at Stanford", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00463-00132455-00132799": "is we're going to extend that idea", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00464-00132799-00133065": "because our learners are not only diverse", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00465-00133065-00133219": "in terms of their background knowledge,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00466-00133219-00133445": "relevant skills, and future goals,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00467-00133445-00133652": "but they're also diverse in terms", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00468-00133652-00133961": "of how they attribute their experience.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00469-00133961-00134159": "So I don't know if any of you teach", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00470-00134159-00134350": "math or statistics or science,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00471-00134350-00134588": "how many times you've heard your students say something", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00472-00134588-00134924": "like, \"Yeah, I'm just not good at math\"", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00473-00134924-00135369": "or \"I'm just not good at chemistry, that's why I'm failing,\"", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00474-00135369-00135605": "as though being good at math and chemistry", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00475-00135605-00135835": "were something that were innate to them.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00476-00135835-00136160": "So one of my colleagues at Stanford, Carol Dweck,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00477-00136160-00136365": "does a lot of work on mindset,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00478-00136365-00136587": "which was supporting learners to recognize", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00479-00136587-00136900": "that their intelligence and their skill is malleable.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00480-00136900-00137351": "So we're gonna be building into the OLI courses", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00481-00137351-00137640": "these mindset interventions which support learners", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00482-00137640-00138040": "not only to learn statistics, but also to essentially", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00483-00138040-00138410": "be able to reattribute or reexplain their own abilities", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00484-00138410-00138800": "and intelligence to increase persistence and improvement.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00485-00138800-00139082": "We'll also be looking at other social psychological factors", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00486-00139082-00139453": "like stereotype threat and social belongingness.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00487-00139453-00139675": "So we're gonna build all of this into the environment.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00488-00139675-00139927": "It'll be both something that will support the learners", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00489-00139927-00140129": "but also will allow us to collect the data", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00490-00140129-00140389": "to refine those theories so that they can be", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00491-00140389-00140597": "better used in the future.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00492-00140691-00141158": "Okay, so this all gets to this is really,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00493-00141158-00141269": "if I had to say there's one thing", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00494-00141269-00141536": "that OLI is about, this is it.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00495-00141591-00141957": "It is about that since these environments", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00496-00141957-00142174": "are great at collecting data,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00497-00142174-00142583": "we need to use that capability in two different ways.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00498-00142583-00142798": "We both need to start with our theories", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00499-00142798-00143117": "from cognitive science, identity, mindset,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00500-00143117-00143432": "metacognition, engagement, the social context of learning,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00501-00143432-00143812": "neuroscience, we have all this theory that can help explain", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00502-00143812-00144062": "what's happening in the learning process.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00503-00144062-00144436": "And so we can create testable hypotheses,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00504-00144436-00144629": "your theory-based interventions", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00505-00144629-00144870": "that we build into the environment", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00506-00144870-00145120": "and then use the interactions of the students", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00507-00145120-00145460": "and the data we collect to refine those hypotheses", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00508-00145460-00145624": "and refine those theories.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00509-00145624-00145921": "At the same time we have this new set of tools", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00510-00145921-00146291": "which are all these sophisticated machine learning", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00511-00146365-00146622": "statistical modeling tools on these large", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00512-00146622-00146803": "data sets that we're creating.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00513-00146803-00147132": "And I would argue that neither of these is sufficient", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00514-00147132-00147423": "to build really effective predictive models.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00515-00147423-00147697": "So we come at it from both directions,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00516-00147697-00147872": "to build these better explanatory", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00517-00147872-00148140": "and predictive models of student learning.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00518-00148329-00148521": "So this is, I won't go into this into great detail,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00519-00148521-00148842": "but this is the open analytic system that we're building", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00520-00148842-00148970": "to go with the courses.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00521-00148970-00149455": "So in OLI 1.0, that that model that I was talking about", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00522-00149455-00149593": "that's driving the prediction", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00523-00149593-00149912": "about the students' knowledge state, that was a black box.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00524-00149912-00150183": "It was kind of like what Dave was saying this morning", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00525-00150183-00150550": "about Newton saying \"Trust me, the predictions work.\"", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00526-00150550-00150810": "I am fundamentally an academic who doesn't,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00527-00150810-00151178": "anytime someone says, \"Trust me, it works,\" I revolt.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00528-00151178-00151440": "So I don't want it to be saying the same thing to you.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00529-00151440-00151580": "So instead what we're gonna say is,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00530-00151580-00151849": "yes, we believe the analytic system predicts well,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00531-00151849-00152001": "but it's not a black box.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00532-00152001-00152148": "It's peer reviewable.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00533-00152148-00152379": "You can take out that analytic predictive model", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00534-00152379-00152493": "and put in a different one", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00535-00152493-00152697": "and try a different predictive model.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00536-00152796-00153050": "But anyway, so and then that gets,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00537-00153050-00153282": "so I added this slide during David's talk", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00538-00153282-00153375": "because he was talking about", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00539-00153375-00153627": "Creative Commons licenses, which we use.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00540-00153627-00154127": "And this is one that does not exist but I think should,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00541-00154145-00154523": "which is share alike and share data.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00542-00154523-00154847": "So one of the things that I think we're missing", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00543-00154847-00155216": "in this world as we're having all of these external", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00544-00155216-00155627": "commercial entities creating these environments,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00545-00155627-00156098": "is they're collecting all the data that we actually need", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00546-00156098-00156256": "to better understand learning", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00547-00156256-00156490": "and to better support our learners.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00548-00156490-00156744": "So I would argue that when people are creating", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00549-00156744-00157061": "these kinds of environments that are collecting the data,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00550-00157061-00157287": "the Creative Commons license should include", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00551-00157287-00157650": "not just sharing the resource itself,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00552-00157650-00157971": "but sharing the evidence, the data that's collected", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00553-00157971-00158353": "from the resource about both the resource's effectiveness", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00554-00158353-00158689": "and also the student learning information.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00555-00158770-00159060": "Okay, so and these are just models of data.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00556-00159060-00159229": "But I'm gonna stop there because, as I said,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00557-00159229-00159558": "I really want time to talk.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00558-00159558-00159765": "So I'm not gonna go over these data representation models.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00559-00159765-00160092": "I'll be happy to if people want to, but this is the idea.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00560-00160092-00160277": "So we design learning experiences", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00561-00160277-00160565": "based on what we think we know about human learning.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00562-00160565-00160753": "We use the environments for what", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00563-00160753-00161064": "they're really good at doing, which is collecting data.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00564-00161064-00161422": "We analyze that data to both refine our learning theory,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00565-00161422-00161700": "our predictive models, and the learning environment.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00566-00161700-00161921": "And we use that to redesign the learning experience,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00567-00161921-00162322": "and we set up this virtuous cycle of continuous improvement.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00568-00162397-00162733": "And now I'm gonna quote Herb Simon,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00569-00162733-00163009": "who was a Nobel Laureate from Carnegie Mellon.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00570-00163009-00163287": "And he said this in 1991,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00571-00163358-00163767": "that \"true improvement in post-secondary education", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00572-00163767-00164267": "\"will require converting teaching from a solo sport", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00573-00164295-00164625": "\"to a community-based research activity.\"", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00574-00164625-00164941": "And that is fundamentally what I am inviting", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00575-00164941-00165294": "everyone in this room and everyone on all your campuses", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00576-00165294-00165704": "to participate in, is a community-based research activity", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00577-00165704-00166009": "to both understand and design", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00578-00166009-00166308": "effective learning environments for our students.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00579-00166355-00166598": "And so that's my inspirational quote.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00580-00166598-00166932": "Now my scary quote is from another economist,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00581-00166932-00167317": "William Baumol, who said back in 1967,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00582-00167347-00167727": "\"Without a complete revolution in our approach to teaching", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00583-00167727-00168141": "\"we cannot go beyond our current levels of productivity.\"", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00584-00168191-00168523": "And when I would use this slide a year ago,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00585-00168523-00168891": "I would say such a revolution is possible.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00586-00168944-00169291": "Now I changed that, because it's not just possible.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00587-00169291-00169582": "This revolution is happening.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00588-00169582-00169836": "My question remains the same.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00589-00169836-00170012": "Who is going to lead it?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00590-00170012-00170412": "'Cause right now I fear that we are", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00591-00170412-00170836": "handing over leadership of this to the commercial sector.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00592-00170836-00171139": "But like it or not, I mean, I think this room gets it,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00593-00171139-00171302": "that these learning environments,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00594-00171302-00171515": "these web-based technologies, whether they're used", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00595-00171515-00171820": "purely online or in a hybrid mode,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00596-00171820-00172137": "are going to become a core part", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00597-00172137-00172474": "of the teaching and learning process in higher education.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00598-00172474-00172734": "And I would say it is at our own peril", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00599-00172734-00173096": "that we outsource that at this point in time.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00600-00173096-00173301": "I mean, even if you think of higher education as a business,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00601-00173301-00173461": "which I don't think, I think of it as a public good.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00602-00173461-00173632": "But even if you think of it as a business,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00603-00173632-00173823": "a core tenant of any business", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00604-00173823-00174183": "is you do not outsource your core business process.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00605-00174183-00174353": "So in any way you shape it,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00606-00174353-00174500": "it just seems like a huge mistake.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00607-00174500-00174705": "So I'm trying to create an alternative", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00608-00174705-00174969": "because I get that individual faculty", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00609-00174969-00175259": "or individual institutions or departments", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00610-00175259-00175667": "trying to do this alone, it's not gonna work.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00611-00175667-00175828": "It's too complex.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00612-00175828-00176033": "It's too resource intensive.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00613-00176033-00176279": "So what we need to do is build structures", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00614-00176279-00176681": "where we can effectively collaborate in the interest of", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00615-00176681-00176858": "that supports all of our students", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00616-00176858-00177059": "and is in the interest of the public good.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00617-00177059-00177278": "So that's what I'm trying to create.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00618-00177278-00177479": "And I invite you to join me.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00619-00177479-00177589": "There's my email address.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00620-00177589-00177756": "Tell me if you wanna play.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00621-00177756-00178037": "And now let's do questions or challenges or whatever.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00622-00178037-00178364": "(audience claps)", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00623-00178998-00179255": "Oh, I guess Alex is gonna bring back microphones.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00624-00179255-00179426": "- Yep, I'm bringing the mic.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00625-00179658-00179866": "- Well, hi, I'm actually very intrigued", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00626-00179866-00180187": "by that limitation slide that you have.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00627-00180187-00180388": "And could you elaborate a little bit more about", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00628-00180388-00180657": "why you think learning science equate", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00629-00180657-00180903": "to cognitive science is a limitation?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00630-00180903-00181403": "- Okay, so it is both a strength and a limitation.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00631-00181411-00181646": "It's a strength because that is what we use", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00632-00181646-00181817": "to build these OLI environments,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00633-00181817-00182014": "which have been very successful.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00634-00182014-00182221": "It's a limitation if we think that", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00635-00182221-00182451": "that's all we have to attend to.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00636-00182451-00182668": "If all I have to do to create an effective piece", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00637-00182668-00182875": "of courseware to support learners", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00638-00182875-00183352": "is to take the complex task I want them to do", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00639-00183352-00183726": "and deconstruct it into its component skills and concepts", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00640-00183726-00183990": "and give the students practice and targeted feedback", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00641-00183990-00184173": "in building those skills and concepts", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00642-00184173-00184577": "and in synthesizing and applying them, it's great.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00643-00184577-00184956": "But we didn't get 100% of students being successful.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00644-00184956-00185174": "So it's like okay, so let's say", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00645-00185174-00185397": "80% of students are being successful", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00646-00185397-00185537": "while using this courseware.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00647-00185537-00185738": "What about the other 20%?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00648-00185738-00185911": "Why aren't they being successful?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00649-00185911-00186224": "And some of it, some of it we have some theory", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00650-00186224-00186337": "about why that might be.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00651-00186337-00186658": "Some of it is their mindset, that they think,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00652-00186658-00186960": "they think they learned the statistics,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00653-00186960-00187129": "and then they take their first assessment,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00654-00187129-00187342": "and they thought they would get, you know,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00655-00187342-00187629": "80% or something, they got 20% on it,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00656-00187629-00187820": "what's the thing they say to themselves?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00657-00187820-00188177": "\"Ugh, yeah, I knew it, I knew I, I thought I got this,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00658-00188177-00188519": "\"I don't get it, I'm too dumb, I can't learn it.\"", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00659-00188519-00188783": "So we need to, and so their problem is not", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00660-00188783-00189201": "that they're not able to get how to compute the median.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00661-00189201-00189400": "What the barrier for them is they don't believe", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00662-00189400-00189522": "they can compute the median", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00663-00189522-00189642": "or they believe that when they failed", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00664-00189642-00189768": "at computing the median that time", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00665-00189768-00189884": "it's because there's fundamentally", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00666-00189884-00190004": "something wrong with them,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00667-00190004-00190247": "not something that they just need more practice", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00668-00190247-00190386": "or that there was something wrong with the way", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00669-00190386-00190564": "we designed the environment or whatever,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00670-00190564-00190792": "So we need to do interventions that attend", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00671-00190792-00191170": "to that reason for, that inhibits students' success.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00672-00191170-00191434": "Other students may not be being successful", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00673-00191434-00191730": "because they're sitting there in the classroom feeling like", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00674-00191730-00191966": "\"I don't belong here, you know.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00675-00191966-00192249": "\"Clearly all these people here, you know,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00676-00192249-00192423": "\"are different than I am in some way", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00677-00192423-00192572": "\"or they know things I don't know,\"", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00678-00192572-00192872": "and so it's more a belonging issue", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00679-00192872-00193096": "that's really impeding their ability to perform", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00680-00193096-00193242": "or the stereotype threat stuff.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00681-00193242-00193538": "That's my former Dean Claude Steele's work", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00682-00193538-00193755": "where he was looking at,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00683-00193755-00194059": "and then what's interesting about stereotype threat", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00684-00194059-00194437": "is it can have a deleterious effect on your performance", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00685-00194437-00194853": "even when you strongly do not believe the stereotype.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00686-00194853-00195036": "So I'm a woman.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00687-00195036-00195245": "I did my masters in computer science.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00688-00195245-00195646": "I knew in many courses that I was sitting in that classroom", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00689-00195646-00196009": "and all the guys around me thought, \"What's she doing here?\"", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00690-00196084-00196282": "But I knew I was good at it.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00691-00196282-00196590": "But that didn't, but I still was using a huge amount", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00692-00196590-00196807": "of cognitive energy and load", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00693-00196807-00197203": "managing the threat in the air.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00694-00197203-00197378": "So that when I would take a test,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00695-00197378-00197610": "if I didn't get a good score, it wasn't just,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00696-00197610-00197837": "oooh, I'm, Candace didn't do well.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00697-00197837-00198016": "It's like, everyone's gonna use that as evidence as,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00698-00198016-00198270": "\"Oh, yeah, see, you don't belong here.\"", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00699-00198270-00198500": "So how do we design environments,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00700-00198500-00198666": "not just to change the learner,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00701-00198666-00198904": "but also look at how are we designing the environments", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00702-00198904-00199178": "in such a way that they are exacerbating", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00703-00199178-00199485": "or mitigating factors in the environment", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00704-00199485-00199747": "that are contributing toward not students' success.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00705-00199747-00199944": "So it's not just that learning science", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00706-00199944-00200154": "equals cognitive science is bad.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00707-00200154-00200279": "It's a limit because that's not", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00708-00200279-00200485": "the only thing we need to look at.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00709-00200565-00200883": "So that was a long answer for a short question.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00710-00200883-00201148": "I'll try and be, I am passionate about that one.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00711-00201195-00201473": "- I'm curious if you could give a little bit more detail", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00712-00201473-00201875": "about you started off with a slide that showed objectives", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00713-00201875-00202101": "and the data you're trying to gather,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00714-00202101-00202502": "whether or not students meet those objectives.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00715-00202603-00202857": "As a person and many of us in this room", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00716-00202857-00203186": "work in learning management systems, like Blackboard,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00717-00203239-00203582": "all the time, it's very difficult", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00718-00203582-00203971": "to tie or to really verify,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00719-00203971-00204158": "are you really getting the right information", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00720-00204158-00204411": "about whether students are getting there or not?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00721-00204411-00204883": "- Absolutely, so this is why I built by own platform", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00722-00204883-00205115": "back in 2002, because none", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00723-00205115-00205377": "of the existing learning management systems", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00724-00205377-00205645": "could either design the learning environment", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00725-00205645-00205854": "the way it needed to be designed to support learning,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00726-00205854-00206008": "'cause most learning management systems", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00727-00206008-00206288": "do things like here's where you download the stuff", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00728-00206288-00206436": "you're supposed to read.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00729-00206436-00206615": "Go over here to do some quizzes.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00730-00206615-00206781": "Now go over here to do something like that.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00731-00206781-00206980": "And that's not how learning happens.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00732-00206980-00207145": "In an OLI environment you'll notice", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00733-00207145-00207352": "there's like a little bit of text", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00734-00207352-00207507": "and then there's an activity.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00735-00207507-00207710": "And then based on your performance and the activity,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00736-00207710-00207884": "you might choose to read a little more text,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00737-00207884-00208035": "to look at a worked example.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00738-00208035-00208439": "But the sequencing of the learning is really important.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00739-00208439-00208671": "And most traditional learning management systems", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00740-00208671-00208963": "don't allow us to sequence the learning in a way", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00741-00208963-00209123": "that is in accordance with what we know", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00742-00209123-00209278": "about how people learn.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00743-00209278-00209479": "The other thing that the learning management systems,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00744-00209479-00209796": "most of them do, is most of the really interesting work", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00745-00209796-00210137": "that the students are doing, they're doing off line.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00746-00210137-00210365": "You post an assignment for them to do.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00747-00210365-00210556": "They download the instructions.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00748-00210556-00210672": "They go over here.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00749-00210672-00210808": "They work through the assignment.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00750-00210808-00210995": "They upload the answer.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00751-00211111-00211352": "What I'm really interested in and what I think most of us", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00752-00211352-00211502": "who teach are really interested in is", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00753-00211502-00211730": "what's the process that they used", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00754-00211730-00212138": "to get from the assignment to their response?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00755-00212138-00212394": "I mean, we always say to students, show your work.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00756-00212394-00212693": "But if we design the interactions,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00757-00212693-00213105": "the students will be showing their work just by doing it.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00758-00213105-00213321": "So we design these interactions so that", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00759-00213321-00213666": "the students' learning process is visible in the system.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00760-00213741-00214054": "And then if we do that, so how do I get these predictions?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00761-00214054-00214373": "So let's say, let's say for this particular goal,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00762-00214373-00214797": "I said that one of the sub-skills was compute the median.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00763-00214830-00215120": "Okay, so maybe a lot of these students are struggling", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00764-00215120-00215367": "because they can't compute the median.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00765-00215367-00215627": "In a traditional learning management system,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00766-00215627-00215783": "how would we know that?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00767-00215783-00215963": "Or even in (mumbles),", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00768-00215963-00216067": "what they do is I say,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00769-00216067-00216313": "\"Okay, I'm gonna teach you to compute the median.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00770-00216313-00216640": "\"Here are 10 arrays of numbers.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00771-00216640-00216878": "\"Compute the median 10 times.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00772-00216878-00217136": "\"If you get it eight out of 10 times,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00773-00217136-00217525": "\"I will say you can compute the median, move on.\"", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00774-00217603-00217847": "Is that what we really mean when we say", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00775-00217847-00218083": "can a student compute the median?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00776-00218083-00218331": "No, what we really mean is", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00777-00218331-00218550": "if a student is working through some kind of problem", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00778-00218550-00218908": "out in the world for which computing the median", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00779-00218908-00219287": "is a tool that would be useful for them to make traction", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00780-00219287-00219505": "on the problem they're trying to solve,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00781-00219505-00219716": "first off, do they recognize with this problem", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00782-00219716-00219936": "that's nothing like a problem I ever gave them,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00783-00219936-00220297": "do they recognize, \"Oh, you know what would help me here?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00784-00220297-00220448": "\"Computing the median.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00785-00220448-00220726": "\"So why don't I take this data set and compute the median?\"", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00786-00220726-00221104": "So do they even recognize when to compute the median?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00787-00221104-00221370": "Then once they get, \"Oh, I should compute the median here,\"", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00788-00221370-00221557": "do they take that data set and actually", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00789-00221557-00221774": "put the numbers in order and do all the things", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00790-00221774-00221916": "they need to do to compute the median,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00791-00221916-00222160": "so the little of process of computing the median.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00792-00222160-00222418": "And then once they get the median, the answer,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00793-00222418-00222621": "do they know what to do with that?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00794-00222621-00222726": "Well, what does that mean?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00795-00222726-00223021": "How do I use that in the problem that I was trying to solve?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00796-00223021-00223261": "When we say, can a student compute the median,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00797-00223261-00223466": "that's usually what we mean.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00798-00223466-00223762": "The example that I gave you doesn't tell you any of that.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00799-00223762-00224074": "It just tells you if I flagged you, you compute the median,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00800-00224074-00224309": "and I give you 10 arrays of numbers,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00801-00224309-00224560": "can you do it eight times right?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00802-00224687-00224910": "What we can do in these environments is we can do", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00803-00224910-00225215": "an upfront thing, here's how you compute the median.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00804-00225215-00225648": "But then over the whole quarter or term or longer,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00805-00225648-00225871": "we can give students tasks", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00806-00225871-00226213": "for which a substep is compute the median.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00807-00226213-00226365": "And we don't have to tell them.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00808-00226365-00226588": "We're just giving them an interesting problem to solve.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00809-00226588-00226743": "But we know or the computer knows", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00810-00226743-00226946": "when they get to that step", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00811-00226946-00227169": "what they should do is compute the median.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00812-00227169-00227363": "And then we can observe,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00813-00227363-00227651": "do they know that that's what they should do?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00814-00227651-00227744": "Did they do it right?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00815-00227744-00227976": "And can they use the answer to make progress.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00816-00227976-00228104": "And in all our environments,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00817-00228104-00228265": "this is about the instant feedback thing.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00818-00228265-00228586": "Pretty much anytime when you're working on a task", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00819-00228586-00228864": "you can ask for a hint or you can get,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00820-00228864-00229057": "or you make a move and then we can,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00821-00229057-00229248": "the system will give you feedback.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00822-00229248-00229443": "And all of that is collected", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00823-00229443-00229705": "because all of that matters with respect", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00824-00229705-00230038": "to making a prediction about your knowledge state.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00825-00230038-00230209": "So I can make a prediction", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00826-00230209-00230341": "about the students' knowledge state", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00827-00230341-00230644": "by observing them over time,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00828-00230644-00230861": "really engaging in different tasks.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00829-00230861-00231077": "And I can make much better predictions", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00830-00231077-00231379": "about what's really meaningful about their learning", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00831-00231379-00231641": "than just when I told them you're computing the median,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00832-00231641-00231937": "do it 10 times, did they get it right.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00833-00232171-00232455": "- Hi, Candace, thanks so much for your talk.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00834-00232455-00232621": "I end up with two questions.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00835-00232621-00232953": "And I'm gonna try to only ask one of them, but I may fail.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00836-00232953-00233048": "(audience laughs)", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00837-00233048-00233164": "- [Candace] That's okay.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00838-00233164-00233284": "Your skill is malleable.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00839-00233284-00233414": "(audience laughs)", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00840-00233414-00233597": "- I could grow.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00841-00233597-00233816": "I guess for me in the work that I've been doing", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00842-00233816-00234103": "with transitions in high school algebra,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00843-00234103-00234361": "the thing that's become very clear to a lot of us", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00844-00234361-00234643": "is that the knowing of algebra", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00845-00234643-00234912": "is the second thing that needs to happen.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00846-00234912-00235227": "The change in emotional state is the first thing.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00847-00235315-00235676": "And almost universally the people that we've talked to", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00848-00235676-00235948": "have said, look, either they care or they don't care.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00849-00235948-00236171": "And pedagogy comes after that.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00850-00236171-00236473": "So my concern when I look at this stuff", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00851-00236473-00236736": "is that I appreciate that you're speaking to the fact", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00852-00236736-00236937": "that those things are important.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00853-00236937-00237164": "I don't see any way in which these things,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00854-00237164-00237520": "the emotional state business, can be incorporated", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00855-00237520-00237723": "in a way that doesn't reduce", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00856-00237723-00238039": "those emotional states to STEM States.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00857-00238130-00238261": "Further to that, I am gonna ask", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00858-00238261-00238367": "my second question, I'm sorry.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00859-00238367-00238459": "- [Candace] That's great.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00860-00238459-00238588": "- I can't help myself.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00861-00238646-00238989": "Your description of the in situ", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00862-00238989-00239381": "hidden math thing that you described,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00863-00239525-00239712": "math, whatever, that happens later.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00864-00239712-00239805": "- [Candace] Compute the median.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00865-00239805-00239908": "- Median, that thing.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00866-00240105-00240246": "I'm not good at math.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00867-00240246-00240463": "(audience laughs) Actually, I'm (audience laughs)", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00868-00240463-00240715": "I'm not good at remembering is my problem.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00869-00240891-00241307": "Still leaves the student with the correct answer as a goal.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00870-00241307-00241590": "My concern about predictive systems like this", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00871-00241590-00242083": "is that they work so much better whenever correct answers", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00872-00242083-00242317": "are the goal of what you're getting done,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00873-00242317-00242608": "whereas my experience of life is that correct answers", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00874-00242608-00242754": "almost never exist.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00875-00242754-00243030": "And misfortune of having 100 people in this room,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00876-00243030-00243144": "where we all horribly talked about this", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00877-00243144-00243294": "for an hour this morning,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00878-00243294-00243523": "and you missed that talk, so they're all like, but...", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00879-00243607-00243770": "- [Candace] It always comes up when I talk, so I'm glad.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00880-00243770-00243884": "- Ah, okay.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00881-00243884-00244166": "- So I'm gonna say two different things about this.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00882-00244166-00244493": "Well, I'm gonna actually answer your second question first,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00883-00244493-00244770": "which is what I'm talking about,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00884-00244770-00245038": "so we did a lot of work on cognitive tutors", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00885-00245038-00245168": "at Carnegie Mellon.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00886-00245168-00245475": "But that's not the only way to use technology.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00887-00245475-00245761": "What I'm talking about is a design process.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00888-00245761-00245926": "And then we'll figure out, that's why", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00889-00245926-00246117": "we have software engineers in the process", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00890-00246117-00246328": "figure out how do we build the technology", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00891-00246328-00246466": "based on what we know about learning,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00892-00246466-00246582": "based on what it is we're trying", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00893-00246582-00246769": "to support the students to do,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00894-00246769-00247096": "to create the interactive environment", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00895-00247096-00247285": "that's gonna both support the learners", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00896-00247285-00247506": "and make the learning process visible.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00897-00247506-00247789": "So I mean, I'm gonna go,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00898-00247789-00248199": "I'm gonna answer your second question in two different ways.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00899-00248199-00248406": "One of them is do I have people in this audience", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00900-00248406-00248834": "that are statistics, chemistry,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00901-00248834-00249299": "biology, science, hard science,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00902-00249299-00249629": "the kind of people that Dave's talking about?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00903-00249675-00249851": "STEM, STEM, STEM people in the room.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00904-00249851-00249991": "Okay, so now if I ask you,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00905-00249991-00250176": "that are teaching at the college level,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00906-00250176-00250457": "is what you want from your students", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00907-00250457-00250654": "that they can always calculate the right answer?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00908-00250654-00250916": "Is that, like if your students aren't, okay, great,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00909-00250916-00251176": "I can give you the third law of thermodynamics", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00910-00251176-00251534": "and you will always calculate it properly, boom,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00911-00251534-00251757": "you need to give them their bachelor's degree.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00912-00251757-00251909": "Is that what you want?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00913-00251909-00252039": "Is that the goal?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00914-00252302-00252475": "(muffled speaking from audience)", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00915-00252475-00252574": "Pardon?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00916-00252574-00252670": "(muffled speaking)", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00917-00252670-00252993": "It's a start (audience laughs) but it's not the goal, okay.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00918-00252993-00253254": "I had, I always liked it, 'cause it's usually a question", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00919-00253254-00253673": "usually gets pitted as the humanities, social science people", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00920-00253673-00253900": "against the real science people.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00921-00253900-00254227": "And there's a misunderstanding about what the learning goal", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00922-00254227-00254416": "(audience laughs) I said that on purpose,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00923-00254416-00254546": "(audience member talking) the real goal,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00924-00254546-00254755": "because there's different, wait, let me just finish.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00925-00254755-00254863": "Let me finish.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00926-00254863-00254940": "(audience laughs)", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00927-00254940-00255228": "There are different, there's different,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00928-00255228-00255592": "so I would claim, and I had a chemistry faculty member", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00929-00255592-00255845": "once say in response to that question,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00930-00255845-00256012": "\"What do you really want your chemistry students", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00931-00256012-00256162": "\"to be able to do?\"", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00932-00256162-00256449": "His response was, \"By the time they finish,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00933-00256449-00256855": "\"I want them to be able to effectively participate", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00934-00256855-00257203": "\"in the discourse of the domain of chemistry.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00935-00257203-00257444": "\"I want them to be able to go to a chemistry conference", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00936-00257444-00257788": "\"and be able to engage in conversations about chemistry", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00937-00257788-00258086": "\"with people who have expertise in chemistry.\"", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00938-00258086-00258312": "And that, that is way different", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00939-00258312-00258592": "than I want them to know Avogadro's number.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00940-00258592-00258950": "They had to know Avogadro's number, but that's not all.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00941-00258950-00259448": "So creating environments that just build procedural fluency", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00942-00259448-00259896": "or improve recall of facts is not sufficient.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00943-00259896-00260079": "And I would argue that even in the things", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00944-00260079-00260258": "that you say in humanities,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00945-00260258-00260451": "'cause I get this all the time from humanities' faculty,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00946-00260451-00260946": "\"Oh, what we do is so unknowable.\"", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00947-00261008-00261132": "And I say, \"Oh, does that mean that you give", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00948-00261132-00261321": "\"all your students A's?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00949-00261415-00261621": "\"Do all your students get A's?\"", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00950-00261621-00261769": "\"Well, no, they don't all deserve it.\"", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00951-00261769-00261927": "\"How do you know?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00952-00261927-00262052": "How do you know an A student", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00953-00262052-00262247": "from a B student from a C student?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00954-00262247-00262532": "So even though it might not be knowable,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00955-00262532-00262704": "you know it when you see it.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00956-00262704-00262989": "Or other people think they know it when they see it.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00957-00262989-00263275": "So let's articulate what the \"it\" is,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00958-00263275-00263452": "and then see of that \"it\"", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00959-00263452-00263722": "what can we do in an online environment.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00960-00263722-00263980": "I also wanna say that when Inside Higher Ed", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00961-00263980-00264285": "or The Chronicle often writes about me,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00962-00264285-00264467": "they always have headlines,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00963-00264520-00264840": "\"She's trying to replace us with computers.\"", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00964-00264840-00264925": "(audience laughs)", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00965-00264925-00265161": "And I mean, it sells papers,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00966-00265161-00265283": "but that's now what I'm trying to do.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00967-00265283-00265472": "I believe very strongly that when we're trying", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00968-00265472-00265655": "to create learning environments,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00969-00265655-00265874": "there are multiple resources we can bring to bear.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00970-00265874-00266209": "I'm not saying we can do everything on a computer.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00971-00266209-00266362": "But it's a resource.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00972-00266362-00266540": "So let's look at what we can use", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00973-00266540-00266780": "that resource to do really well", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00974-00266780-00267026": "and how do we design it to do that really well", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00975-00267026-00267347": "so that we can use the other really precious resources,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00976-00267347-00267650": "faculty time, peer time,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00977-00267833-00268001": "most effectively.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00978-00268001-00268221": "So I'll let you come back at me now then.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00979-00268285-00268577": "- The person that you talked about from the chemistry piece,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00980-00268577-00268795": "I wonder what kind of situation", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00981-00268795-00269009": "he was in when he was teaching.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00982-00269061-00269218": "- [Candace] He was using an OLI course.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00983-00269218-00269558": "- Right, I spent four months working with edX last year", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00984-00269558-00269841": "trying to design an introductory physics course.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00985-00269841-00270127": "And we worked with the American Association of Physicists.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00986-00270127-00270365": "And what, the sort of conclusion that we came to", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00987-00270365-00270708": "was that at a very small number of schools", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00988-00270708-00270958": "what you describe was true.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00989-00270958-00271219": "At a much larger number of schools", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00990-00271219-00271496": "where the faculty were teaching one to 500,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00991-00271496-00271818": "where this stuff was happening, that was not true", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00992-00271818-00271978": "because it was simply not possible", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00993-00271978-00272171": "the way that STEM is designed.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00994-00272171-00272425": "So inevitably, if I'm teaching one to 500,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00995-00272425-00272606": "while it would be wonderful,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00996-00272606-00272763": "if I taught my students chemistry", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00997-00272763-00273024": "to get to the point where they could discourse in the field,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00998-00273024-00273352": "and that's exactly how I would describe learning,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-00999-00273352-00273700": "inevitably because of the way STEM is seen,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01000-00273775-00273912": "it's taught the other way.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01001-00273912-00274138": "And when I said that these systems tend to,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01002-00274138-00274270": "I don't mean that they have to.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01003-00274270-00274324": "- [Candace] Right.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01004-00274324-00274667": "- The danger is that when policy makers see them,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01005-00274667-00274988": "they go, \"Here, now we can know that it's happening.\"", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01006-00274988-00275331": "And because as the amount of money", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01007-00275331-00275576": "that it would cost to do this", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01008-00275576-00275782": "would mean that you would do it quickly", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01009-00275782-00275927": "and you would do it so it would be,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01010-00275927-00276290": "and then it slides down the side where you end up,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01011-00276290-00276435": "that's the danger that I'm speaking to.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01012-00276435-00276540": "- [Candace] I agree with you.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01013-00276540-00276754": "That's why I think, that's why my big,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01014-00276754-00277154": "my last slide argument is this should not get commodify.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01015-00277154-00277629": "It is still, I believe that designing and incorporating", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01016-00277629-00277780": "and using these environments", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01017-00277780-00278017": "is the core business of higher education,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01018-00278017-00278294": "but both on the research side and on the teaching side.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01019-00278294-00278584": "And what I'm advocating is changing the relationship", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01020-00278584-00278889": "between research and practice, because I agree with you.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01021-00278889-00279234": "Doing this right, if there's any such thing,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01022-00279234-00279681": "is going to be a multi-year, multi-institutional,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01023-00279681-00279919": "multi-perspective process.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01024-00279919-00280153": "But what we need to do is undergird it", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01025-00280153-00280324": "with what we know how to do,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01026-00280324-00280643": "which is kind of a more rigorous process.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01027-00280643-00281044": "I'm all for innovation and free and open innovation", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01028-00281044-00281336": "as David was talking about today.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01029-00281336-00281765": "My concern is in the current market, the current context", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01030-00281765-00281968": "what that means is we're all off doing", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01031-00281968-00282114": "our own little individual experiments", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01032-00282114-00282423": "and we're not building a knowledge base that we all need", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01033-00282423-00282653": "to be building and feeding off of.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01034-00282653-00282927": "So I'm trying to create alternative structures", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01035-00282927-00283138": "where we're collaborating enough", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01036-00283138-00283348": "to be able to build that knowledge base", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01037-00283348-00283558": "so we can have the, take this sort of", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01038-00283558-00283788": "scientific approach if you will,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01039-00283788-00284140": "to continuously improving the knowledge and the environment", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01040-00284140-00284369": "'cause otherwise the commercial sector", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01041-00284369-00284615": "is going to take it away from us.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01042-00284735-00284964": "I can't think of another solution.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01043-00285197-00285321": "Yeah, and I've got the humanities,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01044-00285321-00285821": "the humanities folks at Stanford engaged in this.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01045-00285823-00285963": "We're gonna do some literature stuff.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01046-00285963-00286144": "I mean, we're already, one of my doctoral students", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01047-00286144-00286378": "is already working on a technology", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01048-00286378-00286872": "that is designed to support essentially close reading", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01049-00286872-00287215": "and discourse around literary reading, so.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01050-00287215-00287343": "- Perfect, that's what I wanted to ask you about.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01051-00287343-00287653": "I have a small picture question, not a big picture question.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01052-00287653-00287857": "The computer scientist in me wants to know,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01053-00287857-00288057": "the predictive model that you built,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01054-00288057-00288418": "does it do spatial and qualitative analysis as well?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01055-00288418-00288771": "- So here's the predictive model that I built,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01056-00288771-00288986": "that we built so far.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01057-00288986-00289251": "What it basically does, and I'm sorry if this is gonna be,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01058-00289251-00289602": "so we articulate what the learning outcomes are.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01059-00289602-00289968": "And then we use essentially in Markov model", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01060-00289968-00290289": "and Bayes Knowledge Tracing to make the predictions.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01061-00290289-00290593": "And those predictions are the interactions.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01062-00290593-00290959": "So what we do is we create the learning outcomes.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01063-00290959-00291181": "Then we create what are the concepts and skills", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01064-00291181-00291410": "that we believe go into those outcomes.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01065-00291410-00291660": "Then we design the interactive activities.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01066-00291660-00291873": "And then we tag the potential interactions", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01067-00291873-00292158": "that a student could make to concepts or skills.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01068-00292158-00292376": "It's a fully many-to-many relationship.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01069-00292376-00292646": "Then we build a weighted model,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01070-00292646-00293057": "which essentially takes, and we call the first model naive", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01071-00293057-00293240": "because it's what the domain experts", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01072-00293240-00293542": "and the cognitive scientists and the physics folks think--", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01073-00293673-00293776": "- [Man] But you're coding the main part.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01074-00293776-00294049": "- Represent, so we're coding it together, yeah.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01075-00294167-00294333": "But then what, so we run the naive model.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01076-00294333-00294575": "But then we have thousands of students using the environment", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01077-00294575-00294725": "and then we have data.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01078-00294725-00295050": "And so then we run the data that we've collected.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01079-00295050-00295219": "We have some analytic tools", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01080-00295219-00295429": "that allow us to look at the fit of the data", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01081-00295429-00295568": "to the model we predicted.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01082-00295568-00295786": "- [Man] But you're not looking at the, if you will,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01083-00295786-00295992": "the analog, raw data, you're coding it.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01084-00295992-00296182": "You're digitizing performance.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01085-00296182-00296400": "You're not looking at the text freely", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01086-00296400-00296575": "where there's spatial interaction--", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01087-00296575-00296865": "- Oh, so, yes and no.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01088-00296865-00297030": "So the current learning dashboard", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01089-00297030-00297247": "does just look at the coded data.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01090-00297247-00297359": "That's what it does.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01091-00297359-00297589": "Although I have a couple of students", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01092-00297589-00297847": "that are doing really interested,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01093-00297847-00298155": "really interesting machine learning techniques", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01094-00298155-00298481": "on the open text questions to see", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01095-00298481-00298637": "if we can make meaning out of that too,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01096-00298637-00299080": "both on the content but also on the effect side.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01097-00299080-00299219": "So, yeah, that's all, and that's why", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01098-00299219-00299555": "this is all still research, 'cause building those models", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01099-00299555-00299776": "is still very new, yeah.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01100-00299776-00299981": "- [Man] If I heard you right, you're keen to share that?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01101-00299981-00300225": "- Absolutely, open analytic service.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01102-00300225-00300531": "Not only am I willing to share it, but I'm inviting people", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01103-00300531-00300777": "to co-create different models.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01104-00300777-00301029": "And I'm gonna have huge data sets.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01105-00301029-00301267": "And so we can, that's this thing that I didn't spend", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01106-00301267-00301491": "a lot of time talking about, but if...", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01107-00302077-00302244": "There's a lot of slides in this.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01108-00302365-00302507": "Oh, there it is, okay.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01109-00302507-00302893": "So we create the activity used,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01110-00302893-00303216": "semantically tag them, those mapping services,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01111-00303216-00303421": "and then that outcome analytic service,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01112-00303421-00303900": "those models are gonna be open and also changeable.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01113-00303900-00304128": "So if you say, you know, I think I've got a better model", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01114-00304128-00304400": "that's going to predict something, swap it in.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01115-00304400-00304638": "Let's run the data through it and look.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01116-00304728-00304775": "Yeah.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01117-00304775-00304935": "- [Alex] One last question right here.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01118-00304935-00305035": "- Okay.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01119-00305035-00305360": "- At the beginning you had us raise our hands", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01120-00305360-00305718": "for the four different models of which one we think it was.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01121-00305718-00305982": "And a lot of folks rose their hand about", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01122-00306076-00306241": "it was the connectedness.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01123-00306241-00306718": "And where in the space of the OLI is that sort of feature,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01124-00306718-00306999": "you know, like a social constructivist type of approach?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01125-00306999-00307088": "- Okay, great.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01126-00307088-00307300": "So this is actually a state of representation", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01127-00307300-00307461": "becomes important to answer that question.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01128-00307461-00307665": "So in OLI version 1.0, as you said,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01129-00307665-00308037": "one of limits I wrote was focused on the individual learner.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01130-00308118-00308272": "I did do a collaborative project", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01131-00308272-00308516": "with colleague Marlene Scardamalia", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01132-00308516-00308768": "and Carl Bereiter up at the University of Toronto,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01133-00308768-00308957": "'cause her, their unit of study", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01134-00308957-00309280": "is not the individual learner, it's the group.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01135-00309280-00309398": "And what they're interested", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01136-00309398-00309579": "is knowledge building communities.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01137-00309579-00309824": "So these are two different data representations.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01138-00309824-00310078": "This one is the thing I was talking about", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01139-00310078-00310283": "where we could see for an individual learner,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01140-00310283-00310440": "is learning happening?", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01141-00310440-00310586": "So the x-axis is the number of,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01142-00310586-00310787": "so say this was compute the median.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01143-00310787-00311105": "The x-axis is the number of opportunities", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01144-00311105-00311322": "that the students had to demonstrate", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01145-00311322-00311487": "that they could compute the median.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01146-00311487-00311844": "And the y-axis is the number of hints and feedback", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01147-00311844-00312029": "that they had to get when they confronted", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01148-00312029-00312226": "that particular opportunity.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01149-00312226-00312431": "So this shows us learning is happening", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01150-00312431-00312614": "'cause at the beginning they had no idea what to do.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01151-00312614-00312765": "They needed lots of support.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01152-00312765-00312996": "And over time they didn't.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01153-00313071-00313374": "This top representation is not about an individual learner.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01154-00313374-00313611": "It's about the distribution", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01155-00313611-00313876": "of expertise within the discourse.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01156-00313876-00314132": "So in this first representation,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01157-00314132-00314345": "the blue dot is the teacher.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01158-00314416-00314577": "So you can see that in terms of the,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01159-00314577-00314829": "if you do a discourse analysis,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01160-00314829-00315174": "everybody is essentially connected to the teacher.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01161-00315174-00315324": "The teacher's a hub.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01162-00315324-00315791": "But over time as the group becomes", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01163-00315791-00315950": "a knowledge building community,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01164-00315950-00316181": "the expertise becomes distributed.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01165-00316181-00316497": "And instead of having a single teacher being the hub,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01166-00316497-00316859": "you can see you've got this web of discourse of expertise.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01167-00316859-00316964": "The teacher is still there.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01168-00316964-00317196": "They're that blue dot up there in the corner.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01169-00317196-00317619": "So that would be a way of analyzing", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01170-00317619-00317732": "to what extent are we not just", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01171-00317732-00317927": "increasing individual knowledge", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01172-00317927-00318170": "but changing the relationship", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01173-00318170-00318413": "among the learners in the classroom.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01174-00318482-00318681": "It's a different kind of technology.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01175-00318746-00319053": "Marlene and Carl built a discourse environment", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01176-00319053-00319199": "called Knowledge Forum.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01177-00319199-00319520": "And this experiment was from when we merged", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01178-00319520-00319815": "the old OLI environment with the Knowledge Forum environment", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01179-00319815-00320018": "to see if we could get a synergy", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01180-00320018-00320202": "where we both increase individual knowledge", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01181-00320202-00320439": "and increase group knowledge building.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01182-00320439-00320587": "But it was a kludge connection", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01183-00320587-00320813": "because the systems weren't designed that way.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01184-00320813-00321099": "Where in the open edX environment we're also,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01185-00321099-00321296": "we'll probably start off using some", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01186-00321296-00321475": "of the existing discourse environments.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01187-00321475-00321632": "But also one of my former colleagues", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01188-00321632-00321862": "at Carnegie Mellon, Carolyn Rose,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01189-00321862-00322067": "who is a language technology person,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01190-00322067-00322347": "has made modifications to the discourse environment", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01191-00322347-00322697": "to be able to do these kinds of analyses.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01192-00322697-00322947": "So I mean, that's one of the advantages of being", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01193-00322947-00323203": "in the open edX environment, is there are people", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01194-00323203-00323432": "building stuff for us all the time", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01195-00323432-00323760": "that we can just use to design the intervention.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01196-00323833-00324135": "Yeah, that's a, and one of my other doctoral students", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01197-00324135-00324413": "who really looks at social belongingness", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01198-00324413-00324655": "and stereotype threat, we're gonna be using,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01199-00324655-00324900": "doing some interventions in the discourse part", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01200-00324900-00325366": "of the environment to try and address those concerns.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01201-00325625-00325762": "- Thank you very much, Candace.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01202-00325762-00325896": "- Sure, oh, let me just say one thing.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01203-00325896-00325971": "- Yes, absolutely.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01204-00325971-00326134": "- So for those of you, so the two projects", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01205-00326134-00326321": "I'm working on right now currently", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01206-00326321-00326585": "are Introduction to Statistics course,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01207-00326585-00326862": "both for developmental math and for college level,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01208-00327005-00327360": "Introductory Statistics, mostly non-calculus based,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01209-00327360-00327507": "and then an introduction,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01210-00327507-00327753": "Basic Introduction to Computer Science course.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01211-00327753-00328017": "And this is a community-based research activity.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01212-00328017-00328243": "So I may need and want faculty", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01213-00328243-00328591": "from all Carnegie classification of institution", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01214-00328591-00328936": "participating in the project in multiple roles,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01215-00328936-00329086": "from I want to write stuff,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01216-00329086-00329279": "I want to be part of the design team,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01217-00329279-00329678": "to I don't want to write or design things,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01218-00329678-00329954": "but I wanna use the environment with my students", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01219-00329954-00330131": "and give feedback to the design team", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01220-00330131-00330287": "about what I'm observing, what's working,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01221-00330287-00330408": "what's not working.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01222-00330448-00330948": "- So if you have colleagues or faculty that you work with", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01223-00330992-00331155": "that you feel might be interested", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01224-00331155-00331448": "in participating in this project,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01225-00331448-00331917": "you can have them email Candace directly at that email.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01226-00331917-00332157": "I have been sending out emails", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01227-00332157-00332553": "and talking with as many people as we can,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01228-00332553-00332867": "you know, Carrie and Kim and all of us up in,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01229-00332867-00333261": "looking for participants to participate", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01230-00333261-00333381": "in this project with Candace.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01231-00333381-00333628": "And so if you do know of anyone,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01232-00333628-00333832": "either yourself or your faculty,", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01233-00333832-00334163": "I'm looking at you, Bill, that might wanna participate", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01234-00334163-00334551": "in this project, please, please contact Candace.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01235-00334551-00334662": "Thank you very much, Candace, for your talk.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01236-00334662-00334729": "- Sure, thank you.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01237-00334729-00334832": "- Thank you for being here.", "e29Y-TNP7VY-01238-00334832-00335004": "(audience claps)"}}, {"audio_id": "e2kl2_fxKvo", "text": {"e2kl2_fxKvo-00000-00001864-00002422": "In my previous classes, I have discussed about the analysis of retaining wall and then the", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00001-00002422-00002984": "reinforced retaining wall; so those analysis was based on the static loading condition.", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00002-00002984-00003661": "Now, today I will discuss about the seismic analysis of retaining wall, then later on", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00003-00003661-00004175": "I will discuss about the seismic analysis of a reinforced retaining wall. What are the", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00004-00004175-00004693": "additional components that we have to add during the design of seismic condition for", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00005-00004693-00005129": "the retaining wall, traditional retaining wall as well as the reinforced retaining wall.", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00006-00005129-00005550": "So those things I will discuss in couple of classes.", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00007-00005550-00006250": "So first, I will discuss about the seismic analysis or design of retaining wall. Now in this analysis I", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00008-00008369-00009069": "will basically concentrate on the pseudo static analysis. Now, pseudo static analysis means", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00009-00010631-00011331": "that during the earthquake motion, where the two ground motion one is in horizontal direction", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00010-00011582-00012282": "and one is in the vertical direction. So, the detail discussion on the various type", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00011-00012936-00013569": "of motion and the waves it is not the scope of this study. So, here I will just concentrate", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00012-00013569-00014269": "on the how this seismic force are incorporated in the design of this reinforced or in the", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00013-00014415-00015020": "traditional retaining wall. Suppose if we have two components, one is our force in the", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00014-00015020-00015484": "horizontal direction, another in the force in the vertical direction.", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00015-00015484-00016184": "So, this force has the mass and the acceleration in the horizontal direction. This is vertical", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00016-00016556-00017256": "also the mass in the acceleration, so a h and a v are horizontal and vertical pseudo static acceleration, acceleration due", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00017-00020315-00020934": "to the seismic force. So, we have as we have I have already mentioned that there is a two", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00018-00020934-00021562": "motion, one is in the horizontal direction, another in the vertical direction, so a h", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00019-00021562-00022262": "and a v are the acceleration of the motion due to this earthquake force, acceleration", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00020-00022376-00023076": "of this any mass due to the earthquake condition. So, one acceleration in the a h is in the", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00021-00023104-00023576": "horizontal direction, a v is in the vertical direction and m is the mass.", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00022-00023576-00024276": "So, on this mass m this a h and a v acceleration will act and they will create a force F h", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00023-00024393-00024901": "in the horizontal direction and a v in the vertical direction. So, this one is in the", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00024-00024901-00025601": "horizontal direction, this is in the horizontal direction Fh, so Fh is in the horizontal direction,", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00025-00026566-00027266": "force and F v in the vertical direction force. So, now we can convert these things into weight,", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00026-00027827-00028527": "this is mass. So W is the weight divided by g into a h. Similarly, this mass weight divided", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00027-00028802-00029502": "by g into a v. So, now we can write W and within bracket a h divided by g, similarly", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00028-00030094-00030794": "W into a v divided by g. So, these things we can write K h into W and K v into W.", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00029-00031381-00032081": "So, where K h is equal to h divided by g and K v is equal to a v divided by g, where g", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00030-00032836-00033536": "is the acceleration due to gravity. So K h and K v are the horizontal and vertical pseudo", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00031-00033761-00034461": "static coefficient of acceleration. So this K h and K v are the coefficient of acceleration", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00032-00034566-00035103": "in pseudo static, pseudo static that means we are basically applying static force which", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00033-00035103-00035587": "is that means seismic force are converted to a static condition and this static force", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00034-00035587-00036263": "are applied here, as if and this acceleration due to the seismic condition, that is incorporated", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00035-00036263-00036809": "in this static force condition. So, now if I draw a say free body diagram", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00036-00036809-00037509": "of a any mass. So, suppose this is any slope and we can this is a failure surface. So,", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00037-00037693-00038393": "this is slope and this is failure surface surface and if failure surface weight W is", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00038-00039231-00039931": "acting in the vertical direction, so this is the static condition, so where only the", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00039-00039938-00040638": "W weight of this failure weight of this zone, that means this failure zone or we can say", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00040-00040756-00041456": "a, b, c the weight of this a, b, c triangle soil is W. so that W is acting in the vertical", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00041-00041647-00042234": "direction. And so now when we apply the seismic condition", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00042-00042234-00042640": "and the additional force that will act and that will in the vertical surface. So this", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00043-00042640-00043334": "is the shear stress and this is the normal force. So this is the sheer force T and this", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00044-00043334-00043955": "is normal force that will act, so this is the force which is acting due to static condition.", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00045-00043955-00044487": "Now, if we act this pseudo static that means in the horizontal and the vertical condition,", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00046-00044487-00045111": "two force will act, so we will consent at this one force and the horizontal condition.", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00047-00045111-00045811": "So that force is equal to F h and another force in the vertical condition that is equal", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00048-00045916-00046616": "to F v. So, this F h and F v are the two force that is acting on this weight W in the horizontal", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00049-00047128-00047649": "one is at the vertical condition. So, this is suppose example of a slope if", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00050-00047649-00048349": "we add this this pseudo static forces on this weight and this weight is acting on the centroid", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00051-00048393-00049074": "of this triangle. So, that means this force F h and F v which are acting in the one is", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00052-00049074-00049663": "in the horizontal direction, another in the vertical direction. So, this condition now", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00053-00049663-00050363": "the F h range we can apply K h that range if 0.1 to 0.5. So, that means this K h range", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00054-00050856-00051555": "we can apply to 0.1 to 0.5. Now, in this pseudo static force, now we will apply on a particular", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00055-00051922-00052585": "retaining wall and then we will do the analysis for the retaining wall in seismic condition.", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00056-00052585-00053285": "Now, in the static analysis or the retaining wall, now in retaining wall static condition", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00057-00054339-00054920": "analysis and we know that we have two theories, one is Rankine’s theory, another is Coulomb's", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00058-00054920-00055590": "theory. So here this Coulomb's theory are converted and it is used and modified for", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00059-00055590-00056290": "the seismic condition. Now, this shortly if I write the coulombs theory, so Coulomb's,", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00060-00056999-00057699": "Coulomb's theory and this is particular retaining wall, say this is the back fill this is retaining", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00061-00058215-00058915": "wall I is the angle of the back fill and this is the failure surface you can consider for", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00062-00059185-00059885": "the retaining wall. Now, here this back this retaining wall is", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00063-00060065-00060765": "making an angle beta with vertical, i is the back fill which is making an angle i is the", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00064-00061230-00061930": "horizontal. Now say H is the height of the retaining wall and now in this condition.", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00065-00062933-00063419": "So now that means here for the coulomb’s theory we know that this soil should be dry,", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00066-00063419-00063960": "homogeneous, isotopic and cohesion less if we consider. Then back fill surface can be", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00067-00063960-00064660": "planner or can be inclined, here the back fill surface is inclined, I can can be 0 also.", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00068-00064717-00065239": "Now, the back fill back of the wall can be inclined to the vertical, so back of the wall", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00069-00065239-00065549": "is inclined to the vertical, we can angle beta.", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00070-00065549-00066249": "Now P, that force P active force, which can act with an say suppose this is active force,", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00071-00066310-00067010": "suppose this is the angle. Now this is the normal this line is the normal to the back", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00072-00067076-00067776": "of the wall. So that means this is the normal, so this angle is 90 degree. Now, this P or", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00073-00068094-00068794": "active pressure, P active of this active force that will act with an angle delta with the", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00074-00069285-00069985": "normal of the back fill; so that means first we draw a normal to the back of the wall and", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00075-00070168-00070868": "this P force which is acting with an angle delta with this normal. Now, this delta is", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00076-00070987-00071687": "the friction angle between the soil and the wall. So, now we can write that P A, P active", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00077-00072101-00072801": "is half into K A into gamma into H square. Where gamma is the unit weight of the soil", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00078-00073210-00073889": "and H is the height of the retaining wall, K A is the coefficient of active earth pressure.", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00079-00073889-00074589": "So, this is coefficient of active earth pressure. This K A is given by this cos square phi minus", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00080-00076216-00076916": "beta divided by cos square beta, cos delta plus beta,1 plus sin delta plus phi, sin phi", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00081-00078849-00079549": "minus I, cos delta plus beta, cos beta minus i that to the power half and this total is", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00082-00080312-00081012": "square. So, this is the coefficient to where where phi is the friction angle of the soil", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00083-00081161-00081861": "or angle friction of the back fill soil, back fill soil. So, now here as I mentioned delta", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00084-00083327-00084027": "is the angle of wall friction. So this is the angle between the soil and the wall. So", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00085-00084770-00085470": "this is the active force for the static condition. Now we will exchange these things for the,", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00086-00085691-00086391": "we will exchange these things for the seismic conditions. Now, how we will exchange this", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00087-00086724-00087424": "part? So, we will consider the same retaining wall.", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00088-00087536-00088236": "So, suppose for the seismic condition we consider same retaining wall which is making an angle", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00089-00088757-00089457": "beta with vertical and this is the failure surface. This one i, i is the angle of the", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00090-00090741-00091441": "back fill with horizontal. Now, here suppose in the static condition the weight of this", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00091-00091875-00092575": "failure zone is W, W is the weight of the failure zone and similarly, here the same", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00092-00092737-00093437": "this is the normal to the back of the wall, this is 90 degree and here P AE, P A is the", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00093-00094253-00094953": "active force in static condition and P AE is the active force in the earthquake condition", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00094-00095729-00096429": "or seismic condition. So, now this force W will act here and then", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00095-00097054-00097754": "we will apply two additional force that is K vW and one is the horizontal condition K", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00096-00098143-00098843": "hW for the pseudo static analysis under seismic condition. Now, here P AE will be half into", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00097-00099875-00100575": "gamma into H square into 1 minus K V into K AE. So, this derivation is not presented", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00098-00101144-00101844": "here, this is the final expression is given. Now, the active force and the seismic condition", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00099-00101876-00102576": "is half gamma H square 1 minus K V into K AE, where this K v and K h are the coefficient", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00100-00102853-00103553": "of the acceleration, pseudo static acceleration. Now here K AE is given the similar form the", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00101-00104907-00105607": "cos square cos square phi minus theta minus beta, total divided by cos theta, cos square", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00102-00106174-00106874": "beta, cos delta plus beta plus theta in the total 1 plus root over sin phi plus delta,", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00103-00108531-00109231": "sin phi minus theta minus i divided by cos delta plus beta plus phi plus delta pl us", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00104-00110388-00111088": "beta plus theta, cos beta minus i to the power square.", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00105-00111205-00111804": "So, all the terms are in the same as the static condition, one additional term which is added", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00106-00111804-00112504": "which is theta. Theta is tan inverse K h 1 minus K v. So, this is the seismic analysis", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00107-00113310-00114010": "so K h 1 minus theta is tan inverse K h 1 minus K v. Now, by this expression we can", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00108-00114254-00114954": "determine the active force of the retaining wall in seismic condition. Now similarly,", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00109-00115192-00115560": "because we have done the analysis for the static condition, here I will concentrate", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00110-00115560-00116178": "only how to calculate the passive and active earth pressure under seismic condition. Other", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00111-00116178-00116878": "design process will be same as it is described in the previous classes and the static condition,", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00112-00117066-00117623": "how to design or how to analyze the retaining wall and the reinforced retaining wall; so", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00113-00117623-00118155": "only the how to calculate the active and passive earth pressure that I will explain in this", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00114-00118155-00118474": "class. Now, some comments on that, that we can see", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00115-00118474-00119174": "that if phi minus theta minus i, that is this angle phi minus theta minus i is less than", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00116-00119704-00120404": "equal to 0, then no real solution is possible, of K AE is possible. So, no real solution", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00117-00122030-00122730": "is possible, so that means to get an real solution the condition is that I should be", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00118-00122761-00123461": "less than equal to phi minus theta. So, to get a real solution this condition we have", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00119-00123729-00124429": "to satisfy that i should be less than equal to phi minus theta. Now, if another condition", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00120-00124564-00125264": "if theta is equal to 0, that means no earthquake condition or no seismic condition then for stability i should be less than equal", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00121-00126528-00127228": "to phi. Another condition that, so these are the two very important conditions and third", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00122-00127366-00128066": "one is that for if, i is equal to 0, that we know that i should be less than equal to", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00123-00128408-00128672": "phi minus theta.", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00124-00128672-00129372": "Now, if i equal to 0 then for the stability that theta should be less than equal to phi.", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00125-00129715-00130415": "This is for stability. Now we know that that theta is equal to tan inverse K h 1 minus", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00126-00131596-00132296": "K v, so we can write that tan theta is equal to K h 1 minus K v. So, if we put this value", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00127-00133015-00133715": "then we can write that tan theta is less than equal to tan phi. So, if i put the theta value", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00128-00134118-00134818": "then we can write that K h 1 minus K v that should be less than equal to tan phi and finally,", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00129-00135685-00136385": "we can write that K h should be equal to 1 minus K v into tan phi.", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00130-00136727-00137427": "So we can write that K h is critical is equal to 1 minus K v into tan phi. So, to get an critical K h value, so when we choose", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00131-00138485-00139109": "the K h value for the design the critical K h value because that should be equal to", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00132-00139109-00139809": "or that is 1 minus K v into tan phi. So, we cannot use the K h value greater than that", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00133-00139916-00140383": "for a stability condition, we have to get the stability and the equilibrium condition", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00134-00140383-00141083": "the K h should be less than equal to 1 minus K v and tan phi. So the critical value of", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00135-00141137-00141837": "K h is 1 minus Kv into tan phi. So, these are the a process by which we can determine", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00136-00141994-00142468": "the seismic earth earth pressure for the retaining wall.", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00137-00142468-00143168": "So, now we will discuss about the point of application of the resultant force, of the", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00138-00144341-00145041": "resultant pressure. So as I mentioned previously that if it is a retaining wall then the static", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00139-00146282-00146982": "condition the P A static, that is P A static condition that if this is the height of the", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00140-00147271-00147971": "retaining wall, so this will act at a height of H by 3.", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00141-00148029-00148729": "Now similarly, the P delta P AE, so where that resultant force or P AE will act here,", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00142-00149787-00150487": "so how we will calculate this delta P AE that will act at a height of 0.6 H; so where delta", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00143-00151085-00151785": "P AE is equal to P AE minus P A; so P AE under seismic condition minus P active, active pressure", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00144-00152313-00152894": "and this static condition. So P AE static force will act as a height of H by 3 from", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00145-00152894-00153594": "the base and the delta P AE it is the additional force due to the seismic condition that will", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00146-00153817-00154517": "act at a height of 0.6 H from the base. So, the resultant H that will act, P A into one", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00147-00155280-00155980": "third H plus delta P AE the 0.6 H this total is P AE or P AS earthquake or seismic, whatever", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00148-00157530-00158114": "it is. So P AE, so by this way we can determine the", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00149-00158114-00158814": "resultant force, so that is acting. So suppose this force H is acting from the base of the", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00150-00159045-00159570": "wall, so we can if we know the first step we calculate the P A, then we calculate the", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00151-00159570-00160270": "P AE or AS then we calculate delta P AE and then we put all these value here we will get", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00152-00160332-00161032": "the H bar value. So, this is the calculation of earth pressure under seismic condition", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00153-00161127-00161267": "and the resultant force.", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00154-00161267-00161967": "Now, next thing that we will analysis or the design of gravity retaining wall", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00155-00164105-00164805": "based on very small displacement. So design of gravity retaining wall or based on very", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00156-00166079-00166779": "small displacement. So, here if it is a cantilever retaining wall then it is not a very huge", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00157-00167215-00167902": "retaining wall, so that part we consider we determine the earth pressure based on the", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00158-00167902-00168462": "previous described methodology. Now, if the gravity it is a gravity retaining", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00159-00168462-00169162": "wall then how will this weight, because we know the stability of the wall is is coming", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00160-00169317-00169788": "due to the weight of the retaining wall. So, we have to make this weight of the retaining", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00161-00169788-00170430": "wall such that it can be at stable structure during the seismic condition. So, how we will", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00162-00170430-00170971": "calculate that part for the gravity retaining wall? So first suppose for the gravity retaining", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00163-00170971-00171671": "wall, if it is a gravity retaining wall and this is back fill, so here because as I have", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00164-00172692-00173142": "mentioned that the stability of this wall we are getting from the weight of the wall", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00165-00173142-00174082": "itself. So we have to make this weight, I have to increase the weight of the wall such", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00166-00174082-00174640": "that it can prevent the seismic force. So, now this is the weight of the wall, W", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00167-00174640-00176158": "is the weight of the wall, W is the, previously W was the weight of the soil for the failure", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00168-00176159-00176859": "zone. So that failure zone soil where we apply the pseudo static K h and K v, but here on", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00169-00176862-00177562": "the weight of the wall itself we are applying two forces, one is K F h another is F v.", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00170-00178061-00178757": "So, this is the weight which is acting and this wall is making an angle beta with the", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00171-00178757-00179457": "horizontal. Now, here we can write that this is the normal force and this is shear force", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00172-00179651-00180351": "which is acting and this one may be the resultant force and that is acting as a angle of phi", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00173-00180589-00181289": "b, where phi is the friction angle at the base of the retaining wall. Similarly, another", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00174-00181384-00182084": "one we can write that this is making an angle 90 degree, then with this angle delta is P", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00175-00182439-00183139": "AE is acting. Now if this is beta then with horizontal this angle will also be beta. Now,", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00176-00183432-00184024": "if this angle is beta then with horizontal this angle will also be beta because total", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00177-00184024-00184676": "this one is 90 degree with this wall. So, this is the total free body diagram of", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00178-00184676-00185376": "the retaining structure. Now we can write that N R or normal reaction that is equal", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00179-00185907-00186607": "to W of the wall minus F v plus P AE. So we will take P AE is acting here, so we will", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00180-00187425-00188125": "take the sin component of this P AE, so P AE into sin delta plus beta. So, here and", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00181-00188640-00189340": "similarly, is shear force is F h plus P AE cos delta plus beta. So, here two components", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00182-00190676-00191216": "that one is the reaction force, normal force and the this is normal force and the this", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00183-00191216-00191916": "will be the reaction. So this is normal force in R at the base and S is the shear force,", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00184-00192042-00192742": "we will get from this expression. So, now we can write that, as S is equal to", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00185-00193089-00193789": "N R into tan phi b, so we can write S is equal to N R into tan phi b, so we can finally write", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00186-00194641-00195341": "that F h ,in case of F h we can write K hW plus P AE, cos delta plus beta that is equal", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00187-00196169-00196869": "to, W minus K v W plus P AE sin delta plus beta into tan phi b; so that is equal to tan", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00188-00198774-00199474": "phi b; so here F v we have replaced this K v into W. So finally, if I take the expression", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00189-00199771-00200471": "after simplifying this one or we can take the W expression is P AE into cos delta plus", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00190-00201154-00201854": "beta minus sin delta plus beta into tan phi b divided by 1 minus K v tan phi v b minus", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00191-00203399-00204099": "K h. So we can take W common, then we will get 1 minus K v into tan phi b minus K h from", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00192-00204547-00204905": "here, so this will give you the expression of the W.", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00193-00204905-00205605": "Now, we know that P AE is equal to half gamma H square 1 minus K v into K AE, where this", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00194-00206454-00207154": "if this is the weight of the gravity retaining wall. So finally, for the earthquake condition", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00195-00207790-00208490": "we can write that W E is equal to half into gamma H square K AE because this K v if we", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00196-00209381-00210081": "put this expression in place of P AE, then this K v and K v will be cancelled out. So", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00197-00210197-00210897": "up K AE into cos delta plus beta minus sin delta plus beta into tan phi b, that whole", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00198-00211969-00212669": "divided by tan phi b minus K h and then 1 minus K v. So this will give us the total", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00199-00213419-00214031": "expression of the weight of the W in this form.", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00200-00214031-00214731": "So, now if I again write the final expression of the W, that W is equal to half into gamma", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00201-00215231-00215931": "H square K AE, K AE expression is already given in the previous section.", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00202-00216076-00216776": "So, that is equal to cos delta plus b minus sin delta plus b into tan phi b, then tan", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00203-00218257-00218957": "phi b minus K h 1 minus K v. So, now this expression will give you the final expression", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00204-00219646-00220346": "of the W, W means weight of the gravity retaining wall. Now we know that that tan theta is equal", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00205-00220456-00221156": "to K h 1 minus K v, so we can replace this K h 1 minus K v by tan theta. So, now that", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00206-00221833-00222533": "for the K h critical that value you know, that is 1 minus K v and tan phi b, from this", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00207-00223160-00223860": "expression also we will get that critical value of K h will be 1 minus K v into tan", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00208-00223940-00224634": "phi b. Now, one thing that that to make this retaining", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00209-00224634-00225334": "wall stable we have to increase the weight and it is properly stable if you can make", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00210-00225426-00226126": "it infinitely. So, now if W is infinity then we can write tan phi b is equal to tan theta,", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00211-00227515-00228215": "so we can write K h 1 minus K v that is equal to tan phi b. So again from that expression", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00212-00228744-00229444": "this K h critical is 1 minus K v into tan phi b, so the again this critical value of", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00213-00229730-00230302": "K h is coming out to be 1 minus K v into tan phi b.", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00214-00230302-00231002": "So, this is the expression for the horizontal coefficient critical expression. Now, if K", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00215-00231608-00232308": "h is equal to K v is equal to 0, then the expression of W this one is the expression", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00216-00232507-00233169": "under earthquake condition, now this one will be the expression under seismic condition,", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00217-00233169-00233869": "is half gamma H square K A into a constant C, where C is equal to cos delta plus beta", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00218-00235549-00236249": "minus sin delta plus beta tan phi b divided by tan phi b, where phi b is the friction", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00219-00236898-00237598": "angle at the base. So, now from this expression W S will get the weight in the static condition", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00220-00237819-00238444": "and W E will get the weight under seismic condition, so that we can once we calculate", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00221-00238444-00239144": "all this weight then we can understand what is the additional amount of the weight required", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00222-00239227-00239913": "to make this gravity retaining wall stable, under seismic condition as compared to the", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00223-00239913-00240327": "static condition. Now, here we have consider there is there", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00224-00240327-00240941": "is no displacement is allowed, so that means when the earthquake force or seismic force", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00225-00240941-00241641": "will come, so this wall will try to display will try try to move along the direction of", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00226-00241971-00242540": "the motion. So, now here we have to make, now if we do not allow any displacement then", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00227-00242540-00243185": "we have to make this wall weight a huge one, so that means if we increase the wall weight", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00228-00243185-00243882": "then we can do that thing also. So, that means here, we in this analysis we have done that", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00229-00243882-00244439": "we have not considered any displacement of the wall. So and then how much amount of the", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00230-00244439-00245139": "weight is required to make the wall stable that we can calculate by this expression of", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00231-00245156-00245856": "W E. So if I make that we can provide that amount of W E we can make this wall stable", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00232-00245999-00246557": "under no displacement condition. Now, if we allow any displacement then definitely the", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00233-00246557-00247257": "amount required weight that will reduce. The next section we will discuss about the some", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00234-00247279-00247913": "displacement if we allow some some displacement.", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00235-00247913-00248613": "So, now here we have two weight W E is the seismic condition and W, W S in the static", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00236-00249260-00249960": "condition. So that is a factor of safety, so that is also called a factor of safety", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00237-00250149-00250849": "for the design because this is factor of safety because these additional factor of safety", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00238-00251121-00251763": "we have to provide to make stable this under seismic condition as compared to the static", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00239-00251763-00252463": "condition. So those things are on the no displacement condition. Now, if we provide suppose if we", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00240-00252552-00253252": "provide d, a displacement of the d is the displacement of the wall and d value is in", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00241-00254909-00255609": "inches. So, now allow at d displacement of the wall, it is in inches then first the step", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00242-00256496-00257196": "is we calculate K h value, that K h value is A a, 0.2 A v square divided by A ad to the power one", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00243-00258406-00259106": "fourth. So, where A a and Av are two coefficient are", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00244-00260272-00260972": "coefficient, these are called effective acceleration coefficient. Now we use this K h and make", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00245-00263198-00263898": "K v equal to 0 and then we find K AE. Then putting this expression we will get W S and", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00246-00264705-00265405": "then we multiply or we put we can W S static condition or W E in the seismic condition.", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00247-00265686-00266386": "So, that means the steps are, first we consider a displacement of the wall d inches, then", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00248-00266567-00267267": "we consider this K h expression with the help of this equation and then where A v and A", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00249-00267845-00268545": "a are the two effective acceleration coefficient. Then what we will do we will calculate the", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00250-00268588-00269288": "K h from this expression after knowing this K A a and A v values and d is the displacement", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00251-00269341-00269996": "in inches and then we will put K v equal to 0 then we calculate K AE.", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00252-00269996-00270696": "Once we calculate K AE then we can calculate W E, what is the amount of weight required", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00253-00270698-00271398": "if we apply a very small amount of deformation, if we allow the deformation. So these are", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00254-00271445-00272080": "the analysis of the retaining wall under seismic condition.", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00255-00272080-00272780": "So, next step that we will discuss about the hydrodynamic effect of pore water pressure.", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00256-00274521-00275221": "So, in this till now we have discussed about the seismic forces in the retaining wall,", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00257-00275843-00276543": "how to calculate the seismic coefficient of earth pressure and then the forces on the", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00258-00276591-00277126": "retaining wall and then now we will discuss about the hydrodynamic pore water pressure.", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00259-00277126-00277826": "Because we know that if earthquake or seismic forces act acts then the voids filled with", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00260-00278219-00278790": "water, that pore water pressure will also provide some additional force on the structure.", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00261-00278790-00279320": "So, now and there is a possibility that the if the retaining wall is one side is void", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00262-00279320-00279963": "and one side is soil and one side is water, then also there is water pressure will act", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00263-00279963-00280477": "on the retaining wall. So that water pressure, how this water pressure variation that we", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00264-00280477-00281177": "will we will consider here. So, now according to suppose if this is a retaining wall, so", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00265-00281796-00282496": "this is the retaining wall which this side is the fill, so this is filling or the fill", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00266-00282811-00283511": "side and this side where water surface is this side is water and here also water table", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00267-00283633-00284333": "is acting here say this is ground water table, this is ground surface G L ground level this", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00268-00285091-00285791": "is ground water table. Now, so now here this both side water present.", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00269-00285980-00286680": "Here water is free and water is water is within the soil. Now here we will get variation of", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00270-00286964-00287664": "the water surface according to this. Suppose, this is the variation of p 1 this is water", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00271-00288170-00288701": "pressure variation due to this earthquake condition this is free water and this side", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00272-00288701-00289401": "also we will get one variation, similar type to p 1 and that variation is say at any point", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00273-00289621-00290321": "p 2, small p 1 and p 2. So this is the variation because according to (Westergaard,1933) this", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00274-00290857-00291557": "p 1this p 1 variation is 7 by 8 K h gamma W h to the power half y to the power half,", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00275-00293003-00293703": "where h is the height of the water level and y, suppose we consider a very small element", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00276-00294280-00294980": "here the thickness d y and from the height y from the top. So we consider small element", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00277-00295557-00296257": "d y at the level of y from the top of the water surface. So we can calculate this p", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00278-00296767-00297467": "1 per unit length, this is the total p 1 is the total dynamic water force. So that we will we will", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00279-00299488-00300188": "get by the integration of 0 to h, p 1 into d y.", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00280-00300480-00301180": "So, the total force with this water is giving on this retaining structure is by integrating", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00281-00301431-00302131": "this pressure at any point into this d y because this pressure on any small segment d y is", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00282-00302445-00303145": "p y, p 1. So, p 1 into d y is the total force on this small segment and the total force", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00283-00303291-00303991": "for the total structure is integration of 0 to h to p 1 into d y. So again 0 to h, 7", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00284-00304505-00305205": "by 8 K h gamma W h to the power half, y to the power half d y. So, here K h is the horizontal", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00285-00305843-00306380": "pseudo static coefficient of acceleration, gamma W is the weight of unit weight of the", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00286-00306380-00307080": "water, h is the height of the water level and y is the depth of this segment from the", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00287-00307145-00307595": "top of the water surface and d y is the thickness of this small element.", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00288-00307595-00308295": "So, once we get the up to integrating this value we will get 7 by 12 into K h, gamma", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00289-00308503-00309203": "W into h square. So, that is the total force of this water, this is remember that this", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00290-00309658-00310310": "one is the free free water, which is applying the force on the retaining wall and this surface", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00291-00310310-00311010": "this is the fill water within the soil. So here water is within the soil, here this is", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00292-00311140-00311840": "the free water, so this expression 7 by 12 K h, gamma W h square will give you give the", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00293-00311881-00312553": "total dynamic water force of free water giving on the retaining wall.", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00294-00312553-00313238": "So, next class, I will derive or I will give you the expression of the water within the", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00295-00313238-00313938": "soil and the location of this force, because we know here p 1 is the total force, water", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00296-00313957-00314470": "force acting on the retaining wall, but where this force is acting that location and the", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00297-00314470-00314993": "resultant force, how it is acting on the retaining wall those things, I will explain in the next", "e2kl2_fxKvo-00298-00314993-00315116": "class. Thank you."}}, {"audio_id": "e2l9pVQrN1U", "text": {"e2l9pVQrN1U-00000-00000637-00000836": "So is there an ICO bubble", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00001-00000892-00001196": "I have no idea if there is an ICO bubble you", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00002-00001471-00001877": "Never know if one of these technologies are going to take off and become extremely valuable", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00003-00002083-00002385": "probably what you want to do before you invest is to make sure that the", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00004-00002403-00002825": "The team is really good and that they have a plan to spend the funds responsibly", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00005-00003003-00003389": "This is something that's really lacking in in the industry right now", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00006-00003544-00003755": "because right now anybody can set up a", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00007-00003925-00004102": "Bitcoin address and take funds", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00008-00004102-00004829": "So there really isn't any pressure to sit down and think about how we're going to protect the project", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00009-00004918-00005399": "especially from ourselves right because if you have unlimited options", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00010-00005530-00005730": "for spending the money and", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00011-00005767-00006135": "you have a lot of money you might not make the decisions", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00012-00006180-00006707": "that are needed to focus in on what you're doing and make sure the project gets finished", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00013-00006739-00007097": "I've been asked very recently by many different journalists", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00014-00007097-00007297": "What do I think about ICOs and", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00015-00007303-00007973": "Where do I think this whole funding models is going and it's a delicate topic because on one hand you have this amazing", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00016-00008059-00008208": "liquidity that's occurred", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00017-00008208-00008371": "which is globally accessible", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00018-00008371-00008747": "so you didn't have to be born in the right country and when a genetic lottery in the", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00019-00008754-00009029": "geographic lottery it happened to be a white kid in Silicon Valley", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00020-00009064-00009414": "to have access to funding now all of a sudden no matter where you're at", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00021-00009414-00009983": "Who you are you have the same access to capital as everybody else but for the first time in human history", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00022-00009984-00010635": "This is the case so let's say that the humongous innovation and the larger these markets get and more prominent they get", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00023-00010654-00011075": "The more liquidity, we'll see but with great power comes great responsibility", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00024-00011154-00011742": "as Spiderman likes to remind us and what is that responsibility? Well the faster you can get money is easier", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00025-00011742-00012086": "You can money the more people who will get money who will refuse it", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00026-00012109-00012572": "One of the exciting things about this industry is that a lot of people are trying new things", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00027-00012733-00013329": "unfortunately though if you if you just look down at the white paper and I", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00028-00013507-00013943": "Make some notes try to figure out what the economic model is if you can't figure that out", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00029-00013944-00014163": "Then you might want to pass on that project", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00030-00014233-00014585": "Because it's a good chance that the economics just don't make any sense", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00031-00014691-00014891": "if they're not using", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00032-00014971-00015293": "the key principles of the technology", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00033-00015372-00015490": "to", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00034-00015490-00016086": "Make their product that's a warning sign if it's something that could be done with an application a regular standard", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00035-00016216-00016779": "Silicon Valley application, then you probably don't want to invest admit the overarching point is", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00036-00016897-00017433": "what are these funding vehicles going to do for us you know what's kind of the boundary between the", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00037-00017470-00017637": "good and the bad and also", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00038-00017637-00018242": "How can cryptocurrencies influence and change regulation to be more productive and give us a better outcome in the future", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00039-00018316-00018593": "Another one of the big steps in the future is going to be creating", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00040-00018652-00018852": "actual markets", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00041-00018856-00019033": "for these technologies", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00042-00019033-00019698": "Or ecosystems or places where people can gravitate toward and start trading and exchanging", "e2l9pVQrN1U-00043-00019773-00019979": "And doing the things that they want to do"}}, {"audio_id": "e2_hbyViGDI", "text": {"e2_hbyViGDI-00000-00000496-00000672": "Hi, my name is Andy Beyer and I'll be", "e2_hbyViGDI-00001-00000672-00001104": "discussing how I scaffold arguments with evidence for English language learners.", "e2_hbyViGDI-00002-00001104-00001424": "I'm going to take you through two activities and discuss how I use those", "e2_hbyViGDI-00003-00001424-00001832": "to incorporate claim, evidence, reasoning - it's kind of the,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00004-00001832-00002224": "what I use for, um, arguments with evidence.", "e2_hbyViGDI-00005-00002224-00002648": "Again, my name is Andy. I teach in Woodburn, Oregon, at a small school called", "e2_hbyViGDI-00006-00002648-00003135": "the Academy of National Studies. We're about 85 percent uh, Hispanic, which,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00007-00003135-00003392": "most of those students are English language learners.", "e2_hbyViGDI-00008-00003392-00003704": "We became a small school with a Gates grant, and", "e2_hbyViGDI-00009-00003704-00004023": "we incorporated an IB for all, so all students take", "e2_hbyViGDI-00010-00004023-00004512": "IB history which is what I teach. So it presents a lot of unique challenges, but", "e2_hbyViGDI-00011-00004512-00004760": "also really a lot of unique opportunities.", "e2_hbyViGDI-00012-00004760-00005239": "I've been there for 19 years, I do really enjoy my students, I've got great kids,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00013-00005239-00005584": "and so I want to go through a couple things that I do. So first we'll start", "e2_hbyViGDI-00014-00005584-00005912": "with, is the CER: a claim, evidence, reasoning.", "e2_hbyViGDI-00015-00005912-00006280": "And I'll be putting up some documents, you'll see the rubric that I have -", "e2_hbyViGDI-00016-00006280-00006795": "any kind of documents that you see, feel free to email me abeyer@woodburnsd.org,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00017-00006795-00006959": "I'm happy to send anything along.", "e2_hbyViGDI-00018-00006959-00007520": "So looking at the CER, um, you know, that claim, that having a really solid claim", "e2_hbyViGDI-00019-00007520-00007768": "for kids - what is your answer to the question?", "e2_hbyViGDI-00020-00007768-00008088": "And then, what evidence are you going to be using? You know,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00021-00008088-00008511": "listing, you know, facts or dates - whatever that evidence, that", "e2_hbyViGDI-00022-00008511-00008928": "unarguable evidence is, and then reasoning about how that evidence", "e2_hbyViGDI-00023-00008928-00009328": "proves their claim is correct. That's kind of how we get started with that.", "e2_hbyViGDI-00024-00009328-00009640": "I always have students really separate out:", "e2_hbyViGDI-00025-00009640-00009968": "what is my claim, what is my evidence, what is my reasoning?", "e2_hbyViGDI-00026-00009968-00010320": "It's always a good idea because they, they fall into that, that high school", "e2_hbyViGDI-00027-00010320-00010720": "trap of \"it's true because I said so\", and so", "e2_hbyViGDI-00028-00010720-00011072": "this really, I always make them, I say, you know, make them write, okay, claim,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00029-00011072-00011415": "and then evidence and then reasoning. And really separate those three three things", "e2_hbyViGDI-00030-00011415-00011736": "out, so they see the difference between those -", "e2_hbyViGDI-00031-00011736-00012143": "okay what is my opinion, where is my analysis, compared to what, what evidence", "e2_hbyViGDI-00032-00012143-00012600": "am I presenting? And so I really like the CER - we kind of", "e2_hbyViGDI-00033-00012600-00013223": "will use that to build in, to eventually build into, uh, that five paragraph essay,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00034-00013223-00013591": "uh, and so I'll go CER, and then we'll move into a", "e2_hbyViGDI-00035-00013591-00013928": "CER, ER, where they have to do a claim, evidence, reasoning,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00036-00013928-00014304": "evidence, reasoning, all directed towards that same claim.", "e2_hbyViGDI-00037-00014304-00014687": "Um, and so one of the first, like I said, it's one of the first activities we'll", "e2_hbyViGDI-00038-00014687-00015056": "use, is called slip or trip. And that slip or", "e2_hbyViGDI-00039-00015056-00015447": "trip, it's a fun activity, kids will will get", "e2_hbyViGDI-00040-00015447-00015912": "really excited about it, it's \"did Queenie Volupides murder her", "e2_hbyViGDI-00041-00015912-00016200": "husband?\" and the evidence they can use is", "e2_hbyViGDI-00042-00016200-00016504": "that picture, or the, and that paragraph, looking at", "e2_hbyViGDI-00043-00016504-00016759": "those, and they have to decide, did Queenie", "e2_hbyViGDI-00044-00016759-00017128": "kill her husband or not? And so their claim is, yes she killed her husband,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00045-00017128-00017576": "or no, she did not kill her husband. And then their evidence, they have to use a", "e2_hbyViGDI-00046-00017576-00017976": "piece of evidence from that paper that they're looking at, and", "e2_hbyViGDI-00047-00017976-00018256": "you know, that that claim could be, yes she killed her", "e2_hbyViGDI-00048-00018256-00018728": "husband, the evidence is the glass is still in his hand, and their", "e2_hbyViGDI-00049-00018728-00019151": "reasoning could be, if he had fallen down the stairs, the", "e2_hbyViGDI-00050-00019151-00019368": "glass would have come out of his hand. And so", "e2_hbyViGDI-00051-00019368-00019736": "really separating out that claim, evidence, reasoning.", "e2_hbyViGDI-00052-00019736-00020087": "Kids really enjoy it, they get into it usually in partners,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00053-00020087-00020376": "and I'll give them a certain amount of time to do it, they go through it", "e2_hbyViGDI-00054-00020376-00020672": "together, and then we present out what we think,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00055-00020672-00020872": "and what our evidence and what our reasoning is.", "e2_hbyViGDI-00056-00020872-00021231": "We'll go around the classroom and do that. Kids", "e2_hbyViGDI-00057-00021231-00021704": "sometimes get frustrated because at the end when they say, well, what's the answer?", "e2_hbyViGDI-00058-00021704-00022120": "And I say, we don't know, you know, and that's another part of history - that you", "e2_hbyViGDI-00059-00022144-00022504": "don't always get a clear-cut answer. It's what do you think, what does the", "e2_hbyViGDI-00060-00022504-00022984": "evidence lead you to believe? And um, kids will get into it, they, we", "e2_hbyViGDI-00061-00022984-00023351": "get in some really good discussions about it, but it's a nice", "e2_hbyViGDI-00062-00023351-00023759": "intro to that idea of, \"I'm asked a question,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00063-00023759-00024208": "here's my answer, here's the evidence that I'm using to say why I believe", "e2_hbyViGDI-00064-00024208-00024600": "that's true\". And we'll do that, and then we'll move", "e2_hbyViGDI-00065-00024600-00024976": "into, in the IB2 class, uh, this other activity", "e2_hbyViGDI-00066-00024976-00025543": "called \"The Spy's Dilemma\". The spy's dilemma is, they're, you know, a", "e2_hbyViGDI-00067-00025543-00025904": "they are, they're a Russian spy, it's December 1947.", "e2_hbyViGDI-00068-00025904-00026256": "They get 17 documents from President Truman's", "e2_hbyViGDI-00069-00026256-00026600": "safe that were actually in his safe at the time, and then they have to go", "e2_hbyViGDI-00070-00026600-00027104": "through those documents and choose the best five, that they believe, if they", "e2_hbyViGDI-00071-00027104-00027432": "were a spy, why they would choose those, And so what", "e2_hbyViGDI-00072-00027432-00027839": "we'll take is, their claim is, this is one of my five,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00073-00027839-00028104": "and then they'll list out what's in the document,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00074-00028104-00028504": "you know, whether it is US foreign policy in central Europe,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00075-00028504-00028983": "or information on the atomic weapon, and then they'll reason out why they", "e2_hbyViGDI-00076-00028983-00029383": "believe that's one of the five most important documents for the spy", "e2_hbyViGDI-00077-00029383-00029983": "to take. Um, they also will get, uh, afterwards they get", "e2_hbyViGDI-00078-00029983-00030439": "points for each document, um if they get five, the five best", "e2_hbyViGDI-00079-00030439-00030768": "documents in my opinion, that have been rated, uh they became a member", "e2_hbyViGDI-00080-00030768-00031095": "of the polo bureau, if they get the five worst documents, uh,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00081-00031095-00031439": "they actually are executed. And I tell them that beforehand, and they get the", "e2_hbyViGDI-00082-00031439-00031703": "the range of different things that they'll get, depending on on which", "e2_hbyViGDI-00083-00031703-00032039": "documents they choose. And that gives them a lot of motivation,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00084-00032039-00032280": "I always tell them no one's ever gotten the perfect five,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00085-00032280-00032672": "and no one's ever gotten the the worst five, and that always motivates them to", "e2_hbyViGDI-00086-00032672-00033063": "try and get it or try and avoid, uh, those five worst.", "e2_hbyViGDI-00087-00033063-00033456": "They'll also be looking at those documents; they have the actual markings on them,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00088-00033456-00033824": "you know, the top secret and classified and when they're declassified,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00089-00033824-00034263": "and so they, they will use that as hints on", "e2_hbyViGDI-00090-00034263-00034775": "what will be important, um, they have the the write-up that I've given them about", "e2_hbyViGDI-00091-00034775-00035200": "what they're looking for, so they'll do that in partners. That's a", "e2_hbyViGDI-00092-00035200-00035496": "period that they'll do that, they'll list their five, they'll come out.", "e2_hbyViGDI-00093-00035496-00035872": "Then the next day, I'll go through each document and say,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00094-00035872-00036184": "you know, we'll look at the document together, we go through it,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00095-00036184-00036463": "and we'll say, okay, who chose that document? Then kids will add up their", "e2_hbyViGDI-00096-00036463-00036719": "points and we get to see what everyone did.", "e2_hbyViGDI-00097-00036719-00037216": "The biggest thing that I use that for is really looking at evidence, and saying", "e2_hbyViGDI-00098-00037216-00037431": "okay, here's some, a piece of this document,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00099-00037431-00037816": "I think document 14 is really important this is what's in that", "e2_hbyViGDI-00100-00037816-00038208": "document that makes me think that, and going through that process,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00101-00038208-00038568": "again separating out. I think that's really important for students, especially", "e2_hbyViGDI-00102-00038568-00038888": "my ELL students, we're kind of scaffolding our way there", "e2_hbyViGDI-00103-00038888-00039336": "of how to write that essay, how to use that uh, that evidence in an", "e2_hbyViGDI-00104-00039336-00039672": "argument, is saying, \"this is what I believe and", "e2_hbyViGDI-00105-00039672-00040136": "this is why\" and pointing to a specific piece", "e2_hbyViGDI-00106-00040136-00040608": "that says this is, this is what I'm doing, and this is why I believe this is true.", "e2_hbyViGDI-00107-00040608-00040959": "Kids really get into it, they have fun with it.", "e2_hbyViGDI-00108-00040959-00041288": "No one, again, again no one's ever been made a member of the polo bureau,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00109-00041288-00041752": "and no one's ever been executed. Someone's always in that middle range,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00110-00041752-00042159": "and there's usually one or two documents why they, they either", "e2_hbyViGDI-00111-00042159-00042559": "made it into that middle part. Kids really, they do really like it, they have", "e2_hbyViGDI-00112-00042559-00042831": "fun with it, and then that just helps us build into", "e2_hbyViGDI-00113-00042831-00043152": "that idea of, alright now we're going to move into", "e2_hbyViGDI-00114-00043152-00043416": "more content based of what we're studying,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00115-00043416-00043719": "here's here's my question, okay, what's your claim, what's your evidence, what's", "e2_hbyViGDI-00116-00043719-00044031": "your reasoning? Having really strong rubrics for that is", "e2_hbyViGDI-00117-00044031-00044519": "really really important for kids, that really helps them um come across", "e2_hbyViGDI-00118-00044519-00044896": "of, I understand what I'm being asked to do.", "e2_hbyViGDI-00119-00044896-00045296": "A lot of times I'll scaffold them with sentence frames in those CERs,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00120-00045296-00045672": "And I'll give those sentence frames and say okay,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00121-00045672-00045952": "you know, here's a sentence frame you can use if you believe this, here's a", "e2_hbyViGDI-00122-00045952-00046336": "sentence frame you can believe if you use this, and that really gives", "e2_hbyViGDI-00123-00046336-00046736": "those kids - that gets them started. Once you kind of get kids started, you", "e2_hbyViGDI-00124-00046736-00047168": "know, that really gets them involved it gets them feeling like, okay,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00125-00047168-00047528": "you know Mr. Beyer is really interested in what I believe,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00126-00047528-00047903": "and he's just helping me get started and kind of get rolling with that.", "e2_hbyViGDI-00127-00047903-00048240": "Once kids can do that, that's just good teaching whether it's ELL students or", "e2_hbyViGDI-00128-00048240-00048608": "non-ELL students, but my students really have found that", "e2_hbyViGDI-00129-00048608-00048919": "if I can get them, you know, something interesting to start", "e2_hbyViGDI-00130-00048919-00049352": "with, giving them some sentence frames to really move forward with those,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00131-00049352-00049703": "and then we can build from there. And then once they can do that,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00132-00049703-00050119": "um, I've found kids are are really into history and", "e2_hbyViGDI-00133-00050119-00050519": "really into making arguments and using that evidence to prove their argument is", "e2_hbyViGDI-00134-00050519-00050831": "correct. I hope you have a great conference, again,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00135-00050831-00051184": "feel free to email me if you would like any of these materials. I'm happy to send", "e2_hbyViGDI-00136-00051184-00051704": "those along digitally, and thank you for listening and have a great day! Bye.", "e2_hbyViGDI-00137-00051814-00052271": "Hi, I just wanted to go through and show you", "e2_hbyViGDI-00138-00052271-00052583": "some of the documents that I was discussing in my talk.", "e2_hbyViGDI-00139-00052583-00053239": "Here is the rubric for CER, you know, we're a", "e2_hbyViGDI-00140-00053239-00053608": "proficiency-based school, so this is an exceeds proficiency, a", "e2_hbyViGDI-00141-00053608-00054048": "three is proficient, a two is nearly proficient and then", "e2_hbyViGDI-00142-00054048-00054279": "a one, we'd be meeting with that student to go", "e2_hbyViGDI-00143-00054279-00054712": "over what they need to be working on. The other one I wanted to show you was", "e2_hbyViGDI-00144-00054712-00055072": "the slip or trip exercise, so students would be able to, you know,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00145-00055072-00055591": "use the information they have here, and then also use, uh, the picture here", "e2_hbyViGDI-00146-00055591-00055951": "to decide, you know, what they believed happened and", "e2_hbyViGDI-00147-00055951-00056576": "use that CER for that. The last one is the Spy's Dilemma,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00148-00056576-00056944": "again, 17 documents that they would go through, and they can", "e2_hbyViGDI-00149-00056944-00057224": "look at the markings, they can look at the dates,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00150-00057224-00057944": "whether it's a memo of a meeting, you know, a flow chart there,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00151-00057991-00058336": "you know, continue going through. Then there's some that that, you know, are", "e2_hbyViGDI-00152-00058336-00058639": "are there for, kind of,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00153-00058639-00059064": "sneaky, unimportant documents. You know, here you have a memo from General", "e2_hbyViGDI-00154-00059064-00059520": "Eisenhower to General Marshall from April of 1945,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00155-00059520-00059839": "talking about how they would release the information", "e2_hbyViGDI-00156-00059839-00060360": "about the fall of Berlin. Students are like. oh you know, military", "e2_hbyViGDI-00157-00060360-00060736": "stuff! - but you know, reminding students that hey, you're in", "e2_hbyViGDI-00158-00060736-00061048": "December of 1947, you know, this would be an unimportant", "e2_hbyViGDI-00159-00061048-00061239": "document that would be one of those zero point", "e2_hbyViGDI-00160-00061239-00061640": "documents. But kids really like, they like looking at the markings,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00161-00061640-00062104": "you know, with top secret and there's a Russian letter in here.", "e2_hbyViGDI-00162-00062104-00062432": "And so they have a a lot of fun with this. It's a really great,", "e2_hbyViGDI-00163-00062432-00062760": "um, assignment you know, it's something I'd really consider", "e2_hbyViGDI-00164-00062760-00063055": "if you're thinking about it. But I just wanted to show you just you can kind of", "e2_hbyViGDI-00165-00063055-00063217": "see what those all look like.", "e2_hbyViGDI-00166-00063217-00063500": "Alright, thank you very much, thanks for listening!"}}, {"audio_id": "e2YDzLg9sh4", "text": {"e2YDzLg9sh4-00000-00002282-00002970": "Thank you to the Center for having me and thank you to Charlie for that lovely introduction.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00001-00002970-00003334": "You may be wondering first of all, given", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00002-00003334-00003950": "my biography that was just given, I do work a lot in digital research infrastructure,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00003-00003950-00004360": "and particularly at the European level, but when you work in", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00004-00004361-00004865": "research infrastructure and I think to a certain extent these days when you work", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00005-00004865-00005555": "in the digital humanities, you start to find that you've put yourself into", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00006-00005555-00006134": "sometimes uncomfortable positions. You find that you're creating systems and", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00007-00006134-00006768": "very large systems that may have an impact on how we understand history,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00008-00006768-00007526": "how we understand culture, and from that slight disease came for me an interest", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00009-00007526-00008120": "in questions of, well, how do the arts and humanities help us to understand technology.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00010-00008120-00008500": "We talk a lot about how technology helps us understand the humanities,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00011-00008500-00008845": "but I was interested in the other side and that's a bit of what", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00012-00008845-00009110": "you're going to hear today - although if you want to talk about research", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00013-00009110-00009356": "infrastructure afterwards I'm always happy.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00014-00009570-00009895": "Thinking about this question of, ok,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00015-00009895-00010297": "well, if technology is helping us understand the humanities what can the", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00016-00010297-00010688": "humanities help us understand about technology, there are a few", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00017-00010688-00011254": "friends I've made, intellectually, along the way. And certainly when Alan Lou", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00018-00011254-00011872": "started to talk about the cultural singularity and how the lack of a", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00019-00011872-00012256": "cultural criticism was blocking the digital humanities from becoming a full", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00020-00012256-00012752": "partner of the humanities, I felt that this was an important moment. And I also", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00021-00012752-00013410": "felt that perspectives such as the one that Gary Hall puts forward", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00022-00013410-00013893": "abou how it's not just interesting what computer science can offer the humanities", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00023-00013893-00014224": "but what the humanities can offer computer science, and I thought there was a real", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00024-00014224-00014819": "interesting question there. And within my institution I also wear another hat:", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00025-00014819-00015528": "I'm an investigator in a large national computer science research institute.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00026-00015528-00015919": "And this race of all these questions, the conversations you have,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00027-00015919-00016595": "as someone trained in literature, sitting in a research institute for personalization", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00028-00016595-00017064": "and adaptive computing, do lead you to ask these questions and come up with", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00029-00017064-00017576": "some answers. And the main project I'm going to be talking about, the real", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00030-00017576-00018003": "context for what I'm gonna be telling you about today is a project we call", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00031-00018003-00018486": "kplex or knowledge complexity. kplex is very interesting - I don't know if any of", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00032-00018486-00018890": "you have had the joy of applying for European research funding -", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00033-00018890-00019400": "but this is what's called a \"sister project\" - you probably didn't even know", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00034-00019400-00019884": "there was such a thing as sister projects. And the sister projects are an instrument that", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00035-00019884-00020469": "was devised so that researchers coming from an arts and humanities background", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00036-00020469-00021048": "could help to expose bias in computational research. And I thought", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00037-00021048-00021407": "that's the kind of thing we need to be doing more of. So this is actually a", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00038-00021407-00021935": "project that's affiliated with the big data PPP - the public-private partnership", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00039-00021935-00022323": "in big data - which says to you that not only is there a research imperative", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00040-00022323-00022754": "there but also a corporate imperative that we're resisting in our sister", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00041-00022754-00023432": "project bias finding sort of way. And what we proposed to do is to look at a", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00042-00023432-00024056": "number of things within the culture of big data research that we thought", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00043-00024056-00024790": "might expose some biases and give us some ways to look at possible interventions", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00044-00024790-00025220": "from a humanistic point of view that could be made to improve the research", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00045-00025220-00025730": "in terms of its social impact and in terms of its technological robustness,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00046-00025730-00026198": "because we do believe that if you improve the research generally,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00047-00026198-00026642": "you can improve the technology as well. So the things that we're looking at", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00048-00026642-00027060": "primarily are first of all discourses of data, how we talk about data,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00049-00027060-00027464": "because how we talk about things - I don't need to tell people in this room -", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00050-00027464-00027995": "how we talk about things is important to how we understand them. We talk about", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00051-00027995-00028497": "hidden data. Necessarily things that are hidden to keep them hidden, but hidden", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00052-00028497-00028962": "because of accidents of history. Largely this comes from a perspective of looking", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00053-00028962-00029520": "at cultural heritage collections in Europe where you would have many that", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00054-00029520-00030243": "are very very well exposed - the UK, France, Germany - and then you'd have others that", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00055-00030243-00030729": "are essentially invisible from a digital point of view, primarily, for example,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00056-00030729-00031251": "Eastern Europe. We look at what we call the epistemic marking of data.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00057-00031251-00031658": "I'll talk later about work about how data is never raw.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00058-00031658-00032183": "You always have someone who created the data. And if they didn't create the data,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00059-00032183-00032532": "they created the instrument. And if they didn't create the instrument, they created the", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00060-00032532-00032895": "sensor. So data always comes from somewhere. There's", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00061-00032895-00033351": "always a human bias in it. And, finally, we're looking at complexity, and the", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00062-00033351-00033903": "representations of complexity, and how in technological systems sometimes these", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00063-00033903-00034480": "representations of complexity can be lost, can be smoothed over to our detriment as users.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00064-00034480-00034820": "And you can see we have a number of partners. It's not a big project,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00065-00034820-00035367": "but it's been a very influential one. And it all started, I think, the day", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00066-00035367-00035736": "I saw this billboard in the London Underground. It wasn't exactly this billboard", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00067-00035736-00036150": "because my picture is not as good as this. The fact that there was a data", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00068-00036150-00036705": "analytics company out there who could imply but analyzing big data was the", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00069-00036705-00037239": "secret to living happily ever after disturbed me greatly because there is", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00070-00037239-00037791": "this almost fetishization of big data. And we know that big data can be", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00071-00037791-00038382": "powerful, we know that it can be deployed for example towards public health crises", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00072-00038382-00038970": "and to answer certain kinds of questions, but the idea that generically", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00073-00038970-00039354": "you could say, you could take the fairy tale trope, you know, taking the literary", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00074-00039354-00039828": "trope - that's my turf - so I felt like we had to push back against this and", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00075-00039828-00040262": "find out, well, where is the real intersection, because we know", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00076-00040262-00040868": "as well that AI and Big Data - obviously they're related phenomena, are quite", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00077-00040868-00041387": "different in some ways but they have similar effects sociologically - have", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00078-00041387-00042024": "baked in prejudices, they have baked in biases. So if we in this project were", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00079-00042024-00042617": "there to expose biases, then this was certainly the place to start. So I'm", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00080-00042617-00043233": "going to take a few topics out of the universe of our project and expand a bit", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00081-00043233-00043694": "about them. And the first one I want to talk about is words - amongst few minutes", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00082-00043694-00044213": "you can always talk about words. And we started by extracting - and you don't need", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00083-00044213-00044588": "to read all this it's more there to show you that this exists - we started", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00084-00044588-00045005": "extracting some of the definitions of data that are out there - now this is", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00085-00045005-00045377": "actually from the scientific literature about data. So these are the people who", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00086-00045377-00046061": "are actually writing so as to define data. And you find that there are so,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00087-00046061-00046616": "there's such a variety there, that it's actually quite difficult to find any", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00088-00046616-00047133": "sort of coherence. You have data as pre-analytical. It's pre factual. It's", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00089-00047133-00047560": "false. But data that is false is still data. Data has no truth.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00090-00047560-00048100": "It is resisting analysis. It's neither truth nor reality, but it may be facts.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00091-00048100-00048590": "It's a fiction of data. It's an illusion. It's performative.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00092-00048590-00049703": "It is a sort of actor, and it has a very distinct set of properties for others, for example", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00093-00049703-00050220": "the difference between data and capita, something that is given and something that is taken.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00094-00050220-00050840": "So we knew, once we found this kind of diversity even in", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00095-00050840-00051242": "the scientific discourse of people who are studying science and", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00096-00051242-00051680": "looking at data, that we were going to find more when we looked into the", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00097-00051680-00052400": "practice of this. So the next thing we looked at is, we looked at the ways in", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00098-00052400-00052820": "which big data researchers talk about data. And what we kept finding is:", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00099-00052820-00053230": "big data researchers talk about data all the time.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00100-00053230-00054070": "You can see: 659 occurrences across, what do we have here, two, four, six papers.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00101-00054070-00054616": "And in fact the worst offender we found of using the word data so much that it", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00102-00054616-00055349": "almost becomes empty was one paper - 21 pages long - in which the word data was", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00103-00055349-00055600": "used five hundred times.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00104-00055716-00056002": "So when you look at that,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00105-00056002-00056545": "you realize they can't be meaning the same thing every time. And what we did", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00106-00056545-00056950": "find - again, digging through some of these papers - is that data can mean", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00107-00056950-00057500": "comparatively simple strings, or it can be complex human created records.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00108-00057500-00058018": "Same word, two very different phenomena. It can be simple records and complex", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00109-00058018-00058464": "hybrid objects. So it can be individual records, or it can be", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00110-00058464-00058900": "agglomerations of records. It can be something newly drawn out of the environment,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00111-00058900-00059320": "or it can be something previously available for access analysis and navigation.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00112-00059320-00059822": "It can be pre-epistemic. It can be pre-processed. It can be of", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00113-00059822-00060422": "direct use to humans, or purely machine readable. And, of course, it can", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00114-00060422-00060887": "can inhabit all sorts of different qualities. It can be relevant, contextual,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00115-00060887-00061379": "various, external, complex, rich. Note that none of these actually tell us what the", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00116-00061379-00061917": "data is, they just tell us more or less how the researcher feels about it.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00117-00061917-00062624": "And my researcher pulled out a couple of quotes and was kind of stomping around the", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00118-00062624-00063094": "office one day with these simply because she felt that this was really, these were", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00119-00063094-00063635": "indicative of the way in which not only was this your normal sort of jargon, but", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00120-00063635-00063955": "the fact that the word data is so prevalent in these statements that are made", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00121-00063955-00064391": "makes it almost obscure to anyone, makes it obscure to understanding.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00122-00064391-00064729": "So, data pretreatment module is outside from online component and it's done to", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00123-00064729-00065101": "preprocess stream data from the original data which is produced by the", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00124-00065101-00065420": "previous component in the form of data stream.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00125-00065420-00065820": "Or, we calculate the standard deviation for the entire data in the stream to check", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00126-00065820-00065998": "whether all of the data are of the same value or not.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00127-00065998-00066460": "And, or, due to visiting data once during the processing data in stream,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00128-00066460-00066720": "the performance of processing data is crucial.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00129-00066720-00067166": "Data, data, data. And we thought, okay,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00130-00067166-00067627": "is this just the fact that we're looking at big data research, is there something", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00131-00067627-00068062": "here that is unique. What's interesting is you do have", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00132-00068062-00068660": "scenarios and schemas and standards for how to talk about different levels of", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00133-00068660-00069112": "data, for example the the NASA data levels, but we found interesting about", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00134-00069112-00069694": "this is that the transformations that occur, as you work through data. So the", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00135-00069694-00070120": "cleaning, the scrubbing, the cleaning and scrubbing, as opposed to the dirty data", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00136-00070120-00070825": "by the way - note the words there and how some are positively valenced and", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00137-00070825-00071263": "some are negatively valenced. Well, it's interesting about NASA is that you can", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00138-00071263-00071786": "process data up to a level of maybe four, up to a level of five and so then you", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00139-00071786-00072313": "have much refined data. If another researcher takes that data to use in a", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00140-00072313-00072957": "different context, it reverts back to level zero. So even the more well-defined", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00141-00072957-00073586": "and well developed schemas for working with data, they have a very different", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00142-00073586-00074336": "sort of way of viewing provenance and the impact that the individual", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00143-00074336-00074857": "researchers may have on what they're doing to the data. Now I began to wonder", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00144-00074858-00075341": "if this was just an epistemic thing. So and this is based on some work I did a", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00145-00075342-00075926": "few years ago about is it, does it have to do with the way humanists,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00146-00075926-00076408": "and in this case particularly, this was work done by historians, how they create data and on", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00147-00076408-00077026": "how they view data. Because if you read work on epistemic cultures, like Karen", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00148-00077026-00077539": "Knorr Cetina's epistemic cultures, you see that there's a real difference.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00149-00077539-00077980": "There's a tendency to say that humanists don't collaborate, or that", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00150-00077980-00078442": "humanists, you know, the epistemic process is entirely capsulated in the writing, or", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00151-00078442-00078868": "you have others who say that humanists don't create knowledge at all, they make", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00152-00078868-00079306": "it all up. You know, you've heard all of these better and worse conceptions about", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00153-00079306-00079850": "what makes the two cultures debate. For me it stands in the instrumentation.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00154-00079850-00080450": "So, for a physicist working at CERN or at the European spallation source,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00155-00080450-00080817": "the question of instrumentation will have to do with", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00156-00080817-00081400": "physical instruments. In a microbiology lab it has to do with repeatable processes.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00157-00081400-00081801": "For the humanists, it's about layering different kinds of source", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00158-00081802-00082174": "materials. So you have your primary sources, your secondary sources; it's more", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00159-00082174-00082779": "like building a dry stone wall in which you'll see gaps. But one of the things", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00160-00082779-00083235": "that you nite is if you're looking at these kinds of things that go into that", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00161-00083235-00083704": "humanistic instrument, you're not really gonna find anything that you can even", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00162-00083704-00084219": "pretend to call raw data. The fingerprints of the human beings who've", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00163-00084219-00084785": "come before are always front and center within that kind of of source material,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00164-00084785-00085377": "which brought us to thinking about the differences between this one epistemic", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00165-00085377-00086031": "culture where the word data was so prevalent and our own culture,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00166-00086031-00086532": "which leads me to the 'you say tomato I say data' because all of these words that we", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00167-00086532-00087100": "were finding were so diverse in the humanities research were actually quite the same.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00168-00087100-00087591": "So every one of these can be mapped to the word data in some ways", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00169-00087591-00088297": "in computer science research. So if there is one sort of light motif, or ein roter Faden,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00170-00088297-00089019": "for the work I'm presenting to you today is that there's a", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00171-00089019-00089439": "lot more confidence that we as humanities researchers or those from a", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00172-00089439-00089898": "background in humanities research can take when looking at technology.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00173-00089898-00090288": "Because there's a lot that we can see and a lot that we can sense and a lot", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00174-00090288-00090772": "that we do differently in very positive ways. So, what does all this mean when we", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00175-00090772-00091261": "come to big data? Well, big data essentially magnifies these", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00176-00091261-00091692": "issues \"bigly\". Any word that has anything to do with big is very", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00177-00091692-00092328": "popular in my office right now. Because obviously magnification", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00178-00092328-00092785": "of errors makes them bigger. Magnification of misunderstandings makes", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00179-00092785-00093085": "them bigger. And when you have larger and larger agglomerations", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00180-00093085-00093639": "the likelihood that these are going to come in in ways that affect", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00181-00093639-00094180": "what can be done with the data, it raises. The black boxes get deeper. They get blacker.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00182-00094180-00094729": "And then there's this risk of what we call epistemological fallout, where if", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00183-00094729-00095236": "interdisciplinary work is grounded on manifold unresolved and undocumented and", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00184-00095236-00095745": "potentially contradictory, aberrant and idiosynchratic understandings of", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00185-00095745-00096175": "the term, then you can come to a point of crisis. And I think anyone who works in", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00186-00096175-00096748": "the digital humanities has had that conversation. I need the data. I gave you", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00187-00096748-00097198": "the data. What, do you want more data? Well, I have the data. You can have these", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00188-00097198-00097654": "entire conversations where two people think they agree but they mean something", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00189-00097654-00098038": "completely different around single terms, single words, such as", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00190-00098038-00098611": "data. Data is only one. So you can have problems coming out of this and one of", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00191-00098611-00099025": "the things we're realizing is that the problems are not just in research.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00192-00099025-00099523": "The problems are also potentially social because we know there are problems with", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00193-00099523-00100162": "how people out in the world deal with their data in terms of privacy and in", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00194-00100162-00100555": "terms of their own how they develop identities, how they interact with their", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00195-00100555-00100950": "worlds. I think a good example of this, again, this is from the digital", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00196-00100950-00101560": "humanities, but I think it points in the direction of the importance of what we call things.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00197-00101560-00101920": "My engineering colleagues have often said to me: \"I have a problem to solve.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00198-00101920-00102380": "I don't want to talk about what we call things. I want to solve the problem.\"", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00199-00102380-00102772": "And I recognize that that is almost a caricature of an", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00200-00102772-00103191": "engineering bias, but we need to be very careful. And I don't know if you know", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00201-00103191-00103675": "this Twitter back and forth between Mariam Posner and Bethany Nowvskie.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00202-00103675-00104385": "This came on the heels of a funding call, the Digging Into Data Challenge, where", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00203-00104385-00105007": "the number of female applicants was so low as to be very noticeable, and when it", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00204-00105007-00105475": "was queried, the funder said: \"Well, we'd love to have more female applicants,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00205-00105475-00106024": "but there was no bias in the system.\" And the discussion here is, well, is there", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00206-00106024-00106444": "actually a bias? When you learn those words like dig and mine is there", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00207-00106444-00106894": "something intensively masculine, inherently masculine about that language", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00208-00106894-00107480": "that causes people maybe to pull back if that's not how they see their research.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00209-00107480-00107959": "So maybe it's not that it's what girls really dig is unicorns and sparkles and boys,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00210-00107959-00108640": "but maybe it's the whole digging in trope. Is it not my personal brand of scholarship or a rhetorical turn-off?", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00211-00108646-00109183": "So, again, you have to wonder if words like data can become maybe not a", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00212-00109183-00109725": "rhetorical turn off but a sort of a turn off that leads people into a false sense", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00213-00109725-00110416": "that all data is the same and a false inability to differentiate between the", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00214-00110416-00110728": "data they don't want widely shared and the data that we maybe do want", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00215-00110728-00111450": "broadcasted and widely shared. So that's my first topic. My second topic is about memory.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00216-00111450-00111889": "Humanists talk a lot about memory. I think memory and identity are probably", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00217-00111889-00112434": "two of the largest umbrellas under which you can group research in the humanities,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00218-00112434-00113251": "whether it be into literature, languages culture. But in kplex, in this European", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00219-00113251-00113833": "sister project, we talk a lot about memory as it is encoded. Memory as it is", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00220-00113833-00114417": "held in institutions. Memory as it is made accessible, as cultural memory, to", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00221-00114417-00114820": "people who might want to research it or people who might want to use it.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00222-00114820-00115284": "And you may or may not know the ENUMERATE survey, but when you look at the levels", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00223-00115284-00115867": "of how much cultural heritage material in Europe is digitized, particularly if", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00224-00115867-00116334": "you look at archival material, 13% and, actually, if you dig into those", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00225-00116334-00116653": "numbers it's even a little bit lower, because a lot of what you find that has", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00226-00116653-00117320": "been digitized, they're more the administrative systems and records within the the archives.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00227-00117320-00117790": "That's fine. But more and more there's going to be an expectation,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00228-00117790-00118246": "if there is there, that in a big data universe we will all be able to", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00229-00118246-00118693": "access Big Data approaches, that problems will be able to be solved, questions will", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00230-00118693-00119227": "be able to be asked, but if the data is not there, if the data remains hybrid", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00231-00119227-00119729": "between the analog and the digital, what happens then. So we have", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00232-00119729-00120389": "questions there around how we deal with the cultural memory of Europe and beyond.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00233-00120389-00120893": "And I'm always told- I often ask about provenance as being an important part of", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00234-00120893-00121559": "cultural heritage data and I'm often told, well, there are W3C standards for provenance.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00235-00121559-00122220": "And this is a colleague from a library [who] actually tried to map some of that out.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00236-00122220-00122618": "But when I think about the provenance of culture heritage, I think", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00237-00122618-00123131": "about things like this. So this was a record I found about a collection in the", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00238-00123131-00123479": "West of Ireland, which is quite interesting, because obviously the", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00239-00123479-00124059": "collection was related to papers of Roger Casement, and it tells the whole story.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00240-00124059-00124800": "And I don't know what parts of this history, of this narrative,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00241-00124800-00125300": "of that particular data set, I don't know what parts are the most imporant.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00242-00125300-00125606": "Is it that they relate to Casement and that they're in the Clare", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00243-00125606-00125983": "County Council archives and, by the way, there's no particular reason for", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00244-00125983-00126435": "casement records to be in Clare. He had no particularly strong link to Clare.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00245-00126435-00126866": "Was it the fact of who they were found by, the fact that they were kept under", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00246-00126866-00127214": "lock and key, the fact that the council didn't even know they had them? Well, he", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00247-00127214-00127718": "was a controversial figure. Was it the fact that it came from a German u-boat", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00248-00127718-00128144": "or that he was on a German u-boat, was it the fact that these records were handed", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00249-00128144-00128939": "over by a member of the European nobility? I mean, what is important", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00250-00128939-00129350": "about this provenance and how does that map on to a standard? How could this be", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00251-00129350-00129749": "standardized at all? So, again, there are things that we're going to remember and", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00252-00129749-00130183": "things that we're going to forget. And we in the digital humanities have always", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00253-00130183-00130834": "recognized problems with this. And I think one of my favorite examples of how", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00254-00130834-00131279": "to really look at these problems is a Todd Presner's article about the", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00255-00131279-00131768": "ethics of the algorithm, where he looks very much at how the Shoah", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00256-00131768-00132302": "Visual History Archive was marked up in a way to try and make it into a research", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00257-00132302-00132755": "resource, but because it was marked up by humans,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00258-00132755-00133280": "you're always going to find human fallibility and human interpretation in that.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00259-00133280-00133619": "And I would encourage you to read the article because obviously there are", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00260-00133619-00134165": "both things that make the algorithm more ethical, because it allows you to", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00261-00134165-00134666": "not be distracted either by the paradigmatic individuals or by the mass", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00262-00134666-00135140": "of something, the mass of the the big data related to the Holocaust,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00263-00135140-00135960": "but also how that miso layer can be problematic if you have human consciousness behind it.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00264-00135960-00136500": "Which leads me to the question of the European Open Science Cloud.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00265-00136500-00136919": "Going from the Shoa Visual History Archive to the European Open Science Cloud implies all", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00266-00136919-00137414": "sorts of things, which I'm not necessarily going to dig into, but there", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00267-00137414-00137846": "is an expectation that research in Europe in the next not even five years,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00268-00137846-00138596": "in the next two years will become underpinned by this cloud of data where", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00269-00138596-00139193": "we're all going to share our data. Now, if you are or were a humanists,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00270-00139193-00139654": "you recognize that there's a problem here. Because I work a lot with", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00271-00139655-00140081": "historians and they don't own their data. They have a shared ownership of their", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00272-00140081-00140411": "data with the cultural heritage institutions. I as a literary scholar", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00273-00140411-00140909": "don't own my data. I share it with the publishers, I share it with the authors.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00274-00140909-00141560": "And it was really disturbing to me to see in programme for the", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00275-00141560-00141935": "governance of the European Open Science Cloud, which is going into build phase,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00276-00141935-00142418": "- this is coming - and it will be something we will all have to use, which with my", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00277-00142418-00142967": "DARIAH had on I do worry about. You look at that list of stakeholders: Where are", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00278-00142967-00143408": "the publishers? Where are the libraries? Where are the museums? Where are the", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00279-00143408-00143942": "archives? They're actually not there. So the whole idea that there would be", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00280-00143942-00144425": "research data that would have this kind of complex social embeddedness is", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00281-00144425-00144884": "something that the European Commission even looking at research data and trying", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00282-00144884-00145382": "to move us to the point where we can ask questions and discover knowledge in", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00283-00145382-00145960": "the big data of European research, even there, we're finding blind spots", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00284-00145960-00146548": "that as a humanist seem, well, rather obvious. And of course there are other", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00285-00146548-00147034": "assumptions that we make around big data and memory. There's a lot of people who", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00286-00147034-00147331": "think, well, the fact that we have the Internet Archive is fine, the fact that", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00287-00147331-00147720": "we have the Wayback Machine means that digital memory is protected,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00288-00147720-00148153": "but I certainly was surprised when I first realized that there's a lot of not only", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00289-00148153-00148876": "link rot within the the digital archiving but also that the use of the", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00290-00148876-00149365": "memento protocol, which allows sites to be sampled at different times in", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00291-00149365-00149899": "different measures, means that you can find sites that actually never existed,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00292-00149899-00150603": "where the the pastiche of pieces coming together means that what you have is", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00293-00150603-00151174": "records of a history that never was. And that's a little bit scary as someone who", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00294-00151174-00151813": "has a has a deep investment in the importance of historical research. Now of", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00295-00151813-00152290": "course there's social levels for memory and forgetting as well. And I think in", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00296-00152290-00152761": "Europe we are in an interesting place because obviously we are the place where", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00297-00152761-00153559": "you can have a public dialogue and a court based, a legal dialogue about the", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00298-00153559-00154093": "right to be forgotten. And of course we're all looking towards the idea", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00299-00154093-00154521": "that the general data protection regulation is going to make", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00300-00154521-00155023": "as scientists our lives perhaps more difficult but also introduce protections", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00301-00155023-00155773": "for people in the world of big data. But on a more fundamental level, I think that", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00302-00155773-00156361": "there are things that we are outsourcing about how we culturally remember and", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00303-00156361-00156931": "culturally forget. And I thought that this quotation from Mayer-Schönberger", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00304-00156931-00157321": "was really interesting. The whole idea that without some form of forgetting,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00305-00157321-00157746": "forgiving becomes a difficult undertaking. This is precisely that kind of", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00306-00157746-00158554": "human value that we're seeing eroded in the anonymity of the Internet.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00307-00158556-00158942": "So the question is how can we build better structures from both the remembering", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00308-00158942-00159497": "and the forgetting in the digital age. And the third topic I wanted to talk about", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00309-00159497-00159986": "was complexity. I love it when computer science researchers say: \"We want to", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00310-00159986-00160337": "reduce complexity.\" I say: \"No, don't take away my complexity.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00311-00160337-00160966": "I need my complexity, but I need a way through it.\" And, again, one of the starting", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00312-00160966-00161378": "points for me for thinking about this is the fact that raw data really is an oxymoron.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00313-00161378-00161735": "There is no such thing as raw data. And one of the examples I like to", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00314-00161735-00162305": "give and one of the examples we're looking at as a sort of a place", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00315-00162305-00162938": "to investigate this in kplex's machine translation. So, google translate, you know,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00316-00162938-00163466": "a haiku, a Japanese haiku, a famous Japanese haiku: Google Translate gives us the", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00317-00163466-00163883": "sound of water to dive an old pond frog. Okay, so, it gives us a bit of a word", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00318-00163883-00164360": "salad, but what I think is more interesting is what human beings have", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00319-00164360-00164936": "done with this in the past. Old pond frogs jumped in sound of the water.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00320-00164936-00165616": "Lovely. Lafcadio Hearn, the Irish-Japanese patriot of two countries.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00321-00165616-00166121": "The old pond frog jumped in kerplunk. Well, that's gotta be Allen Ginsberg.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00322-00166121-00166667": "You know, a nice sense of the rhythm in the sound of the language. And, of course, I do", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00323-00166667-00167015": "live not too far from Limerick in Ireland. So we have: There once was a", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00324-00167015-00167380": "curious frog who sat by a pond on a log and to see what resulted in the pond", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00325-00167380-00167810": "catapulted with a water-noise heard round the bog.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00326-00167810-00168030": "Each of these takes the culture", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00327-00168031-00168700": "underpinning furu ike ya and makes use of it in a different way and exposes it and", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00328-00168701-00169451": "plays with it. How can that stand against the word salad? Now, okay, so, maybe", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00329-00169451-00170039": "giving Japanese haiku to Google Translate wasn't fair but then I see", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00330-00170039-00170380": "things like this and I think, okay, we don't play fair.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00331-00170380-00171041": "So this was Mark Zuckerberg post from the day when Facebook released their deep learning", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00332-00171041-00171388": "algorithms underlying their machine translation.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00333-00171389-00171860": "I'm gonna talk about deep learning in a second. But I want to talk about hubris first.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00334-00171860-00172075": "And, of course, he's very pleased with himself.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00335-00172075-00172513": "And it is good that Facebook was sharing their algorithms. I have no question that", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00336-00172513-00173185": "this is good for computer science research. But then we kind of get to the", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00337-00173185-00173940": "end of the post: \"Throughout human history language has been a barrier to communication.\"", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00338-00173940-00174440": "I'd like to know what he'd like to suggest we use instead.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00339-00174440-00174874": "\"It's amazing we get to live in a time when technology can change that. Understanding", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00340-00174874-00175201": "someone's language brings you closer to them and I'm looking forward to making", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00341-00175201-00175588": "universal translation a reality. To help us get there faster, we're sharing our", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00342-00175588-00175960": "work publicly so that all researchers can use it to build better translation tools.\"", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00343-00175960-00176710": "Knowing the translation of your words does not mean that I am closer to you.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00344-00176710-00177310": "That does not build intimacy. It has a place, but I'm not sure this is it.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00345-00177310-00177654": "And this is the question where I start to think, ok, well, where are", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00346-00177654-00178104": "the boundaries? How can we start to understand what technology can do and", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00347-00178104-00178580": "where technology can end? Because this is the conversation I keep having.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00348-00178580-00179032": "To come back for a second to those deep learning algorithms. And I'm sorry for the quality of this.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00349-00179062-00179586": "So one of the partners in the kplex project is a latvian SME,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00350-00179587-00180202": "and they're very committed to building machine translation engines for smaller", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00351-00180202-00180760": "languages, like Latvian. And, so, they're working on a newer neural networks based system.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00352-00180760-00181264": "So, they put in these four source sentences into an engine.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00353-00181264-00181624": "So: Characteristics specialties of Latvian cuisine or bacon pies and refreshing", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00354-00181624-00182074": "cold sour cream soup. Demand for mobile telephones and Internet access has", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00355-00182074-00182545": "exploded. An insider's guide to drinking sake in Tokyo. And: Part bookshop, part", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00356-00182545-00182977": "gallery, an NADiff highlights Japan's deep appreciation for art and design.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00357-00182977-00183472": "Okay, so, they're doing this in a kind of a tourism context. So far, so good.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00358-00183472-00183940": "All four of those statements came back with the same translation, which is there in", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00359-00183940-00184321": "Latvian, which translates back to English as: fast wireless Internet is", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00360-00184321-00185055": "available free of charge in the guest bedrooms. I'm so sorry. I'm so sorry.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00361-00185055-00185505": "When I get excited, I start to speak too fast. So we have the fast wireless internet", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00362-00185505-00186088": "available free in the guest bedrooms. So the way this was explained to me is that", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00363-00186088-00186613": "somewhere in the black box of the machine learning, there is a place where", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00364-00186613-00187144": "obviously, although they couldn't say exactly where, where obviously there was", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00365-00187144-00187801": "a connection made between those kinds of sentences and that sentence. And that", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00366-00187801-00188371": "connection started to dominate what the learning algorithm saw as a correct", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00367-00188371-00188794": "translation. And this is a real problem with these kind of deep neural networks,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00368-00188794-00189301": "because we don't necessarily know, as with a lot of machine learning or a lot", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00369-00189301-00189835": "of AI, we don't necessarily know what's happening in the black box, which is", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00370-00189835-00190258": "really interesting, because in my mind, once you get back to that question of", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00371-00190258-00190858": "not really knowing what happened and having to make a judgment call, having to", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00372-00190858-00191560": "make an informed analysis of material like that, you're coming back to the humanities.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00373-00191560-00192100": "But that's another question. We also have work going on about the", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00374-00192100-00192508": "emotional side of things. So, again, we talk about culture. We talk about memory.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00375-00192508-00192980": "We also talk about identity and emotion. And this isn't anything new.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00376-00192988-00193540": "\"Alone Together\" has been out since 2011. But if you go back, you can find all of these", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00377-00193540-00194103": "kind of techno skepticism going back. But one of the things we're looking at and", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00378-00194103-00194892": "querying is whether AI can be emotional or indeed ethical. Clearly, the developers", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00379-00194892-00195560": "of humanoid robots like PEPPER or PARO - I don't know if you know PARO.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00380-00195560-00196240": "PARO is a fuzzy little fur seal which responds emotionally to you. And on some level", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00381-00196240-00196667": "it's interesting, on some level it's quite frightening and quite", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00382-00196667-00197410": "touching in a way. But the questions that you find when you talk to AI", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00383-00197410-00197971": "researchers is not \"Can it be done? Should it be done?\" but just how it can be done.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00384-00197971-00198439": "And I really find the question of whether, for example, you know, pobably", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00385-00198439-00198907": "if you've studied philosophy, you know the trolley problem: this question of if you have", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00386-00198907-00199420": "a choice to actually bring about the death of many or the death of few. I mean,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00387-00199420-00199864": "are there some deaths that mean more than others in the face- ? I was told that", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00388-00199864-00200323": "that was an irrelevant question by AI researchers. But this was never going to", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00389-00200323-00200911": "happen. And yet, Lexus was actually exposed as looking into whether", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00390-00200911-00201445": "protecting the life of the driver of a driverless car, of an automatically", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00391-00201445-00202017": "controlled vehicle, whether protecting that driver at all costs was a corporate", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00392-00202017-00202530": "policy. So the trolley problem has become real. And, of course, I think, when you", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00393-00202530-00203254": "start to say: I can program ethics, you just need to tell me how. I fall back on", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00394-00203254-00203812": "the fact that an ethical stance is an essentially human position. It is one", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00395-00203812-00204349": "fallible mortal being being able to take responsibility for another. So there's a", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00396-00204349-00204936": "lot of questions being raised there. In the light of where we are and just to", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00397-00204936-00205548": "give you a sense of the project: we're about a year in of a project that", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00398-00205548-00205911": "is a year and three months. So we're actually going into our write up phase", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00399-00205911-00206373": "now and we're looking towards the kinds of recommendations we can make.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00400-00206373-00206707": "And there's been quite a lot of quantitative work that will all be released", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00401-00206707-00207369": "in the fullness of time, but what I wanted to do as a way of wrapping up this", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00402-00207369-00207819": "presentation is make five modest proposals. And I think these are", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00403-00207819-00208330": "proposals for humanists but also for digital humanists because if you work in", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00404-00208330-00208896": "the digital humanities you generally occupy I don't want to say a unique but", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00405-00208896-00209407": "a privileged position of being able to understand both of those cultures,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00406-00209407-00209781": "both of the epistemic cultures of the humanities where there's a certain", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00407-00209781-00210346": "prevalence and preference for sources and for ways of thinking and ways of", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00408-00210346-00210835": "investigating but also the software engineering side and the big data and", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00409-00210835-00211500": "the AI and the questions, the conditions of possibility for knowledge creation in the two.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00410-00211500-00212200": "So, I would say, these are things that we can investigate. So the first modest proposal and this is", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00411-00212200-00212659": "specifically looking towards the European Open Science Cloud but more", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00412-00212659-00213133": "than that. I think we really need a discussion of if we're going to create", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00413-00213133-00213594": "knowledge from Big Data, we need to talk about what kinds of questions you can", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00414-00213594-00214216": "ask of Big Data. How do you learn to ask research questions that can engage data", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00415-00214216-00215094": "from a sensor, an environmental sensor and a literary text, and historical", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00416-00215094-00215500": "records? Do we know how to ask those questions and if so, do we know how to", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00417-00215500-00216028": "ask them in a way that will engage the data that we are going to be offered?", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00418-00216028-00216379": "And, of course, this question of shared ownership. Because the shared ownership", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00419-00216379-00217027": "is not just important for archives and researchers. Shared ownership also exists", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00420-00217027-00217726": "between you and me and Facebook and the sensors that are taking our information", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00421-00217726-00218410": "and the and the new Amazon grocery store where there's no one at the till", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00422-00218417-00218698": "you just take what you want and walk out and it knows what you have.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00423-00218698-00219255": "There's a shared ownership of data there as well and this isn't always respected.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00424-00219255-00219684": "And one of the things we're looking at in kplex in particular in terms of", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00425-00219685-00220069": "shared ownership but also provenance is the question of a data passport.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00426-00220069-00220467": "So if data in a European Open Science Cloud - obviously it's going to have some", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00427-00220467-00220896": "metadata attached - but how can we get that beyond a standard into something", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00428-00220896-00221362": "that really reflects where this data has come from, what it has been gone through", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00429-00221362-00221884": "and what has been done to it, how its been transformed and what can be done", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00430-00221884-00222550": "with it going forward. And, again, the Commissioner has said it. He believes", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00431-00222550-00222967": "that the most exciting and ground breaking work, it's happening at the", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00432-00222967-00223444": "intersection of disciplines. So if we want to take him up on his offer of a", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00433-00223444-00223810": "European Open Science Cloud, we really need to think about how to do it. Well,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00434-00223810-00224244": "and that is for everyone, and I think the humanists are in a good position to", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00435-00224244-00224731": "actually make a real impact there. But also something that we're doing in DARIAH,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00436-00224731-00224967": "the European research infrastructure that I mentoned,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00437-00224967-00225451": "is we're bringing together stakeholders to try and develop a data reuse charter", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00438-00225451-00225964": "because we recognize that the individual researcher does not feel empowered to", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00439-00225964-00226441": "necessarily reuse data. They don't know the paper that they signed for the", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00440-00226441-00226953": "archive, does that mean that they can put the data in an open repository? Does that", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00441-00226953-00227302": "mean that they have to keep it private to themselves? What are the conditions", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00442-00227302-00227853": "for sharing data? Data would be better available if it was shared more widely.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00443-00227853-00228388": "It would be perhaps more sustainable if it's shared more widely, but there are", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00444-00228388-00228748": "still blockages in the cultures especially between the researchers and", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00445-00228748-00229098": "the cultural heritage institutions, and we're trying to find ways of smoothing", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00446-00229098-00229519": "that over. So I think this is one of the things we need to lookat.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00447-00229519-00230085": "Another thing, as I mentioned, a lot of the problems that we're coming to now really need a", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00448-00230085-00230532": "humanistic approach. And I know there is science and technology studies, and I", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00449-00230532-00230808": "have a lot of respect for a lot of the work done in science and technology", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00450-00230808-00231315": "studies, but it does tend to be very social science based. That's what it is.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00451-00231315-00231782": "What about the cultural approaches? What about the understanding that", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00452-00231782-00232513": "humanists have of human motivation, of human values, of human activities, actions?", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00453-00232513-00233067": "I think there's a lot to be had there. And, again, I can't necessarily recommend", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00454-00233067-00233401": "that book to you, which was written by someone coming out of Stanford, writing", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00455-00233401-00233788": "about the fuzzy and the techie, how they together make a perfect approach to", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00456-00233788-00234238": "technology. But it's actually- it's interesting that the book exists at all.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00457-00234238-00234775": "And the book in itself is interesting for how it views the way you can get a", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00458-00234775-00235360": "better intelligence out of combining these two approaches to knowledge creation.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00459-00235360-00235760": "And it's interesting, I mention fake science here", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00460-00235760-00236425": "because I was asked last week by someone in the Commission: well, are historians worried", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00461-00236425-00236964": "about fake science? I thought this is a really interesting question. I said, well,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00462-00236964-00237654": "you really can't prove a lot of things in literary research or historical research.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00463-00237654-00237876": "You can't necessarily prove them right or wrong.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00464-00237876-00238523": "So we've developed certain ways of actually showing an argument, of showing", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00465-00238523-00239106": "a provenance, of showing a way through a set of source material which may or may", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00466-00239106-00239517": "not have biases, but at least the biases, they are exposed. This is what", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00467-00239517-00240050": "post-modernism meant to me is that I had to be careful about my own biases.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00468-00240050-00240546": "So, the idea that there are also things that we can say about the repeatability of", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00469-00240546-00241038": "science is another thing that has struck me recently as an approach that", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00470-00241038-00241400": "humanists and particularly digital humanists might take.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00471-00241400-00242037": "So in this world where knowledge will become more overtly messy, then we need to approach it like a", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00472-00242037-00242442": "Beckett text, something with doodles and scribbles and cross-outs", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00473-00242442-00243071": "and things that we know a lot about. Next, we need to get past privacy protection", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00474-00243071-00243460": "and approach indentity enrichment as a goal for big data and AI.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00475-00243460-00243981": "Privacy protection - this is a term I've taken straight from the big data PPP.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00476-00243981-00244629": "The companies are all on board for privacy preserving technologies, which is putting,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00477-00244629-00245096": "I think, the cart before the horse, but it's also ignoring the opportunity costs", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00478-00245096-00245921": "of what we allow ourselves to not be exposed to, the ways in which the", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00479-00245921-00246459": "digital and in particular the sort of the social media platforms, the way in", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00480-00246459-00247086": "which they are affecting identities by not exposing us to culture. So there's a", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00481-00247086-00247530": "gap there as well. So I'd love to see us move from talking about privacy which", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00482-00247530-00248103": "clearly has a monetary place in the minds of the companies to", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00483-00248103-00248616": "something that is more holistic and that sees both the in and the out. Because you", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00484-00248616-00248973": "have people like this writer from The Guardian who says: I'm a typical", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00485-00248973-00249333": "millennial; I'm glued to my phone; my virtual life has fully merged with my", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00486-00249333-00249816": "real life. There's no difference anymore. If that's gonna be the case, then it", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00487-00249816-00250240": "would be useful to think about what kinds of identities that are being built there.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00488-00250240-00250761": "Two more, quickly. Problem solving isn't enough. We need to be thoughtful,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00489-00250761-00251076": "imaginative and disciplined about our engineering and how we speak about it.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00490-00251076-00251371": "And here is a place where, again, you can see very good", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00491-00251371-00251776": "work starting. It's quite inspired when I first saw the Copenhagen letter. I don't", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00492-00251776-00252202": "know how many of you know this, but it is an open letter signed by, I think, about", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00493-00252202-00252784": "5,000 people at the moment saying if we are contributing to the building of", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00494-00252784-00253153": "technology, then we need to keep certain things in mind. And I would", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00495-00253153-00253565": "highly recommend you go and look at it as a move towards having a different", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00496-00253565-00254086": "kind of conscience within technology development. And, of course, things like", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00497-00254086-00254524": "the PLOS computational biology paper on 10 simple rules for responsible", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00498-00254524-00254896": "big data research. It's not rocket science,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00499-00254896-00255304": "actually. There are things that can be done. It's computational biology, of course.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00500-00255304-00255767": "There are things that we can do and if there are values that are going", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00501-00255767-00256192": "to be emerging - I mean, I'm glad to see open science emerging as a value for", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00502-00256192-00256726": "science in Europe - but I'd love to see things about protecting the user,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00503-00256726-00257245": "protecting the individual. I would love to see things like that emerge in the", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00504-00257245-00258054": "way we talk about big data and I'd like to see more focus. I'd like to see more", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00505-00258054-00258517": "what I would see of as a scientific rigor about the way we talk about this", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00506-00258517-00259192": "research coming through. And, finally, I do think that there's a- I have a sense from", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00507-00259192-00259576": "the work I've been involved in- but there's always a sense towards", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00508-00259576-00259921": "convergence. We want to converge everything. Everything will be digitized.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00509-00259921-00260386": "Don't worry. So all we need is the right digital space. We need the right digital", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00510-00260386-00260896": "object. The right device. Well, I started doing this ethnographic work and I", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00511-00260896-00261361": "started taking pictures of my work spaces. These work spaces are not really", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00512-00261361-00261856": "gonna converge. They're messy and, know what, they're messy for a reason. They're messy", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00513-00261856-00262336": "because the information I'm dealing with is messy. They're messy because there're", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00514-00262336-00262828": "heterogenous. They're messy because I'm working at different levels on different", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00515-00262828-00263182": "things at the same time, and if you want me to put it into Microsoft speak,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00516-00263182-00263626": "they're messy because I'm chunking. I'm micro tasking. You know, some of the stuff", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00517-00263626-00264172": "is very sexy in the tech world, but that is something that I think we need to", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00518-00264172-00264455": "push for more. You know, don't give me another VRE,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00519-00264455-00264950": "don't give me a one-stop-shop, give me a technical intervention that supports the", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00520-00264950-00265427": "way my research environment works. Give me a technical intervention that", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00521-00265427-00265922": "helps the way my life works. And then I think we'll have a better chance of that", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00522-00265922-00266611": "more refined hybrid intelligence not artificial, not human, not biased in one", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00523-00266611-00266920": "way or the other but able to check and balance itself.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00524-00266920-00267599": "Because I do believe in the end the fact that I am a very human human,", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00525-00267599-00268127": "I suppose. We can't feel data. This is why seeing everything printed strikes you.", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00526-00268127-00268610": "We are physical creatures. We need materiality. So, I suppose, to end the talk", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00527-00268610-00269144": "about big data with the words \"we need materiality\" is a slightly strong", "e2YDzLg9sh4-00528-00269144-00269926": "stance to make, but I hope that we can discuss it in the questions. Thank you."}}, {"audio_id": "e3JlRCIG0tk", "text": {"e3JlRCIG0tk-00000-00000011-00000152": "- Hi, my name's Chris Jacobson.", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00001-00000152-00000371": "the creator of Vallejo Historic Home Support", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00002-00000371-00000544": "and in this short little video series,", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00003-00000544-00000761": "we've been talking about the kinds of backup power systems", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00004-00000761-00001206": "you might want to have for your house of PG&E", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00005-00001206-00001431": "was to take your power out for example,", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00006-00001431-00001741": "as they'll probably do every year, moving forward.", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00007-00001741-00002004": "We've talked so far about a small little power station,", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00008-00002004-00002191": "you know, good for charging your cell phones.", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00009-00002191-00002359": "We've talked about small power inverters", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00010-00002359-00002508": "you can hook to your car", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00011-00002594-00002939": "and really just good for charging power stations.", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00012-00002939-00003172": "We've talked about slightly larger power inverters.", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00013-00003172-00003541": "This you have to deep cycle batteries using a battery pack.", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00014-00003541-00003826": "The last piece I want to talk about for people", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00015-00003826-00004088": "who ask about solar I think that's a bit beyond", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00016-00004088-00004294": "this discussion for backup power.", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00017-00004294-00004545": "That's actually power for your house right?", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00018-00004686-00004870": "But the last thing we're going to to talk about", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00019-00004870-00005013": "is we're going to talk about generators.", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00020-00005013-00005188": "I don't have an example here today", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00021-00005188-00005388": "because I actually loaned my generator out", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00022-00005388-00005514": "and somebody didn't bring it back.", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00023-00005514-00006014": "But I used to own the 1000 Watt Honda EU Generator", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00024-00006024-00006319": "and the EU series is remarkable.", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00025-00006319-00006426": "It's a remarkable series.", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00026-00006426-00006607": "It's gotten ultra quiet,", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00027-00006607-00006998": "it's already ultra quiet, but it's gotten even more quiet", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00028-00006998-00007146": "throttle down option you can do.", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00029-00007146-00007646": "And so, the smaller versions of these they're going to be", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00030-00007687-00007968": "running somewhere in the neighborhood of about 800 bucks.", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00031-00007968-00008302": "You know, they go up all the way to the commercial size,", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00032-00008302-00008802": "but, for a house, maybe a 2,500 Watts is really,", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00033-00008853-00009128": "I mean, you can literally plug that into your power main", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00034-00009128-00009211": "and run your whole house.", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00035-00009211-00009424": "You get an electrician, they put a switch", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00036-00009424-00009620": "where you go flip over to generator power,", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00037-00009620-00009831": "and you plug that thing in, turn it on", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00038-00009831-00010005": "and it just runs your entire home.", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00039-00010005-00010345": "Just like, your refrigerators is going,", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00040-00010345-00010541": "your freezer is going, all your lights is going,", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00041-00010541-00010681": "all of your electronics is going", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00042-00010681-00010898": "and that's enough for your entire house.", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00043-00010898-00011091": "Something like that's going to run you right around the range", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00044-00011091-00011218": "of like $2,000.", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00045-00011314-00011814": "So, when I first found these generators,", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00046-00011914-00012254": "this was maybe in 2001 I think and I was walking", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00047-00012254-00012472": "up to a guy on a street corner in Los Angeles.", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00048-00012472-00012621": "He was selling stuff on a table like this,", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00049-00012621-00012903": "and you are on a street it's not a busy busy street", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00050-00012903-00013083": "but I was like, I kind of looked around", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00051-00013083-00013271": "and I'm like where's your extension cord?", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00052-00013271-00013452": "He says no, no, I've got a generator", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00053-00013452-00013555": "and he pulls this up.", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00054-00013555-00013787": "I was standing two feet from the generator", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00055-00013787-00013971": "I didn't hear the generator.", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00056-00013971-00014088": "That's how quiet it is.", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00057-00014088-00014287": "Later i lived in the woods,", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00058-00014287-00014524": "and I actually had one of these generators", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00059-00014524-00014752": "living in the woods and yeah if you're standing", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00060-00014752-00014910": "right next to it in the woods where it's super quiet", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00061-00014910-00015215": "you can hear it but inside my cabin 15 feet away,", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00062-00015215-00015456": "it just blended right in with the crickets I mean,", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00063-00015456-00015604": "you didn't even know it was on.", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00064-00015604-00015830": "It was unbelievable.", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00065-00015830-00016096": "So, the thing too,", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00066-00016096-00016435": "that I want to to say about these power systems", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00067-00016435-00016705": "or that with generators is that all of this stuff", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00068-00016705-00016990": "to some level goes together.", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00069-00016990-00017278": "I mean, when people, for example, live out in the country", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00070-00017278-00017455": "and they don't have a city power", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00071-00017455-00017802": "and they have solar systems, they actually own a generator.", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00072-00017802-00018091": "And the reason they do it is the solar batteries", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00073-00018091-00018445": "or the solar cells can't charge the battery quite as well as", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00074-00018445-00018673": "a generator can and it's a really good idea.", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00075-00018673-00018944": "Maybe once a week to turn that generator on", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00076-00018944-00019291": "and deeply deeply charge those batteries, right?", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00077-00019291-00019621": "There'd be no reason to why you might also want to have", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00078-00019621-00019788": "something like this you know.", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00079-00019788-00019903": "Even if you own a generator,", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00080-00019903-00020001": "you might want something like this", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00081-00020001-00020255": "just for convenience or for ease.", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00082-00020255-00020668": "So, okay just as a quick review, the EU Generator Series,", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00083-00020668-00020979": "totally awesome, totally quiet, Probably, the-", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00084-00020979-00021134": "absolutely the most expensive option here", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00085-00021134-00021237": "but people who want to do it.", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00086-00021237-00021463": "It's gasoline generators that run on oil", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00087-00021463-00021734": "and you know like a small little motor,", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00088-00021734-00022059": "like any other small engine that you'd have in your house.", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00089-00022059-00022480": "We, today in this series we covered a standup standby power", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00090-00022480-00022608": "like a little backup power.", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00091-00022608-00022858": "We covered two different sizes of inverters,", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00092-00022858-00023291": "how they're wired and we covered the backup generators.", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00093-00023291-00023683": "One last word on generators, much less expensive generators", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00094-00023683-00023772": "are available at stores.", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00095-00023772-00024113": "These are mostly construction style generators.", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00096-00024113-00024444": "These things are super, super loud and you can check up", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00097-00024444-00024707": "the decibel ratings for any generator type,", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00098-00024707-00024904": "how obnoxiously loud they get.", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00099-00024904-00025016": "Okay.", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00100-00025016-00025112": "My name is Chris Jacobson.", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00101-00025112-00025222": "Thank you for joining this series.", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00102-00025222-00025407": "Please check out the links if you need more information,", "e3JlRCIG0tk-00103-00025407-00025660": "Feel free to contact me if you have any questions."}}, {"audio_id": "e4Qeg49ncuU", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "e4VJu_KKztY", "text": {"e4VJu_KKztY-00000-00002316-00002438": "First, bring some hay.", "e4VJu_KKztY-00001-00002502-00002906": "Prepare a tray with some lucern (alfa-alfa + oats) and put on top.", "e4VJu_KKztY-00002-00002906-00003094": "She will come there by herself.", "e4VJu_KKztY-00003-00003196-00003518": "Then put on the halter.", "e4VJu_KKztY-00004-00003815-00004238": "The ring goes on top.", "e4VJu_KKztY-00005-00004608-00005028": "Strap over the neck and tighten.", "e4VJu_KKztY-00006-00006731-00007273": "Fasten the other end of the lead.", "e4VJu_KKztY-00007-00007642-00008208": "It is attached to two points to prevent her from moving around while milking.", "e4VJu_KKztY-00008-00008708-00008908": "Put on plastic gloves", "e4VJu_KKztY-00009-00008944-00009144": "and prepare for washing the teets and udder.", "e4VJu_KKztY-00010-00009736-00010066": "Hot water from the thermo bottle.", "e4VJu_KKztY-00011-00012690-00013052": "Orange bucket is for trash.", "e4VJu_KKztY-00012-00013394-00013963": "Make sure the napkins are not too hot.", "e4VJu_KKztY-00013-00014916-00015290": "Clean thoroughly.", "e4VJu_KKztY-00014-00015772-00016210": "When she has finished her plate, remove it.", "e4VJu_KKztY-00015-00016358-00016784": "Apply some ointment on the gloves.", "e4VJu_KKztY-00016-00017482-00018122": "Gently massage the teets and utter to stimulate.", "e4VJu_KKztY-00017-00019044-00019308": "There is the jar of fat ointment.", "e4VJu_KKztY-00018-00019384-00019792": "Time to start the milking.", "e4VJu_KKztY-00019-00019886-00020320": "First, squeeze out 2-3 times on the ground, before the milk goes in the bucket.", "e4VJu_KKztY-00020-00020916-00021364": "Two milking techniques are used:", "e4VJu_KKztY-00021-00021364-00022060": "Pulling and squeezing.", "e4VJu_KKztY-00022-00022400-00023050": "Pulling", "e4VJu_KKztY-00023-00023588-00023806": "\"It is very simple.\"", "e4VJu_KKztY-00024-00023940-00024156": "\"You can do with the whole hand like this...\"", "e4VJu_KKztY-00025-00024430-00025130": "(Squeezing)", "e4VJu_KKztY-00026-00025356-00025528": "\"...or like this.\"", "e4VJu_KKztY-00027-00025594-00025854": "(Pulling)", "e4VJu_KKztY-00028-00028100-00028538": "Stimulating.", "e4VJu_KKztY-00029-00029254-00029644": "Transfer to one large bucket.", "e4VJu_KKztY-00030-00030270-00030700": "Grooming is important.", "e4VJu_KKztY-00031-00031012-00031222": "She likes that...", "e4VJu_KKztY-00032-00031572-00032133": "...most of the time.", "e4VJu_KKztY-00033-00040246-00040664": "Finally, release her", "e4VJu_KKztY-00034-00040664-00041030": "... and remove the halter.", "e4VJu_KKztY-00035-00043852-00044420": "Bring the hay outside, so she doesn't stay inside unneccessarily and poop/urinate.", "e4VJu_KKztY-00036-00045802-00046118": "The others also need their hay.", "e4VJu_KKztY-00037-00046282-00046578": "This routine is adjusted for winter season.", "e4VJu_KKztY-00038-00047414-00047920": "She also needs water daily.", "e4VJu_KKztY-00039-00048154-00048538": "Don't forget to re-connect the electricity to the fence."}}, {"audio_id": "e5fxZqc9l5u", "text": {"e5fxZqc9l5u-00000-00000597-00000714": "My name is Jacob Cook", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00001-00000714-00000837": "I'm a project director", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00002-00000840-00000977": "and Free Software consultant", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00003-00000977-00001077": "at Savoir-faire Linux", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00004-00001077-00001161": "in Montréal.", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00005-00001211-00001371": "I work in the Digital Innovation", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00006-00001371-00001531": "Web and Mobility department", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00007-00001531-00001671": "which works with clients across", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00008-00001671-00001795": "a wide range of platforms", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00009-00001795-00002048": "including Django, Drupal, Node.js,", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00010-00002048-00002262": "Android, iOS, Docker and others.", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00011-00002308-00002409": "As a project director", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00012-00002409-00002572": "I work in concert with our clients", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00013-00002572-00002662": "and help them assemble", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00014-00002662-00002746": "\"game plans\" for how", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00015-00002746-00002832": "we can best address", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00016-00002832-00002952": "the technical challenges and", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00017-00002952-00003099": "business needs that they face,", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00018-00003099-00003259": "and as a Free Software Consultant", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00019-00003259-00003406": "I get to work with our other talented", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00020-00003406-00003570": "engineers to implement these plans", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00021-00003570-00003736": "through software development,", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00022-00003740-00003870": "all the while using the power", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00023-00003870-00004014": "and flexibility that Free and", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00024-00004014-00004197": "Open Source Software solutions can bring.", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00025-00004851-00004958": "We often work with clients", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00026-00004958-00005141": "that have specific needs regarding", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00027-00005141-00005305": "the development, deployment and", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00028-00005305-00005435": "performance of the applications", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00029-00005435-00005515": "that they use.", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00030-00005532-00005668": "Many of these challenges can be", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00031-00005668-00005829": "addressed by improving the pipeline", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00032-00005829-00005929": "of development:", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00033-00005929-00006046": "through either implementing", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00034-00006046-00006172": "\"Continuous Integration\",", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00035-00006172-00006272": "\"Continuous Delivery\",", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00036-00006272-00006409": "\"Containerization\"", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00037-00006413-00006613": "or other strategies, which can pay huge", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00038-00006613-00006736": "dividends when it comes to getting", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00039-00006736-00006866": "a quality project to market,", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00040-00006866-00007010": "on time and on budget.", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00041-00007047-00007200": "So for example, we've worked for", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00042-00007200-00007354": "clients that have some well-established", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00043-00007354-00007547": "web projects built using Django,", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00044-00007547-00007654": "and have a defined", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00045-00007654-00007824": "deployment mechanism, like using", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00046-00007824-00007991": "Fabric or even old fashioned FTP,", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00047-00007991-00008171": "but they'll often be unable", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00048-00008171-00008291": "to catch serious bugs before", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00049-00008291-00008451": "they hit production, or struggle", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00050-00008451-00008601": "to quickly and dependably push", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00051-00008601-00008702": "new features to market.", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00052-00008722-00008882": "A continuous delivery pipeline,", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00053-00008882-00009015": "powered by solutions like Docker", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00054-00009015-00009152": "and Jenkins, can work wonders", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00055-00009152-00009252": "for this kind of problem.", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00056-00009302-00009416": "Docker allows us to create", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00057-00009416-00009546": "an isolated environment for", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00058-00009546-00009693": "the execution of our application", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00059-00009693-00009793": "inside a container.", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00060-00009823-00009983": "This container is a distributable", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00061-00009983-00010126": "artifact that can be tested", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00062-00010126-00010226": "and deployed to any sort", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00063-00010226-00010363": "of environment in an idempotent", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00064-00010363-00010470": "and reliable way.", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00065-00010513-00010647": "This way you can easily set up", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00066-00010647-00010800": "a development environment that", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00067-00010800-00010900": "can perfectly match what", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00068-00010900-00010980": "you will see in production.", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00069-00011041-00011177": "Combined with integrations tools", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00070-00011177-00011354": "like Jenkins or Gitlab CI", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00071-00011354-00011468": "or Travis,", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00072-00011468-00011584": "we can build a pipeline", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00073-00011584-00011755": "that installs the application", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00074-00011755-00011855": "inside these containers,", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00075-00011855-00011981": "tests them and", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00076-00011981-00012098": "their isolated environments,", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00077-00012098-00012285": "and can be used to be deploy directly", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00078-00012285-00012495": "to production, with very little", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00079-00012495-00012655": "to no downtime at all or any", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00080-00012655-00012856": "manual configurations to worry about.", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00081-00012906-00013006": "Another way in which Docker", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00082-00013006-00013106": "and Jenkins can help is", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00083-00013106-00013279": "by dramatically increasing the ease", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00084-00013279-00013380": "with which applications", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00085-00013380-00013560": "can be scaled up to meet demand.", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00086-00013560-00013760": "Using technologies like Docker Stacks", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00087-00013760-00013950": "with Docker Swarm or Kubernetes,", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00088-00013950-00014120": "we can deploy individual components", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00089-00014120-00014220": "of these applications in", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00090-00014220-00014407": "a decentralized way for", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00091-00014407-00014634": "load-balancing scenarios and the like.", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00092-00014634-00014878": "And using these kinds of components", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00093-00014878-00014978": "we don’t have to worry about", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00094-00014978-00015078": "networking between them", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00095-00015078-00015265": "because Docker will handle this seamlessly", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00096-00015265-00015308": "for us.", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00097-00015962-00016062": "Using these kinds of tools has really", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00098-00016062-00016162": "transformed the way that I work", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00099-00016162-00016299": "on my personal projects.", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00100-00016299-00016599": "I can’t set up any kind of project,", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00101-00016599-00016720": "even if it is a small project", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00102-00016720-00016816": "these days without having", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00103-00016816-00016940": "a dependable pipeline like this", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00104-00016940-00017040": "put in place.", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00105-00017040-00017177": "And it just really eliminates", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00106-00017177-00017343": "a lot of the potential bottlenecks", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00107-00017343-00017484": "and slowdowns that can crop up", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00108-00017484-00017664": "over the course of a project.", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00109-00017664-00017764": "I can't imagine", "e5fxZqc9l5u-00110-00017764-00017864": "my job without them!"}}, {"audio_id": "e5oluD64eq0", "text": {"e5oluD64eq0-00000-00000085-00000285": "Eggs", "e5oluD64eq0-00001-00000552-00000752": "Sugar", "e5oluD64eq0-00002-00000765-00000965": "Vanilla sugar", "e5oluD64eq0-00003-00001959-00002159": "Oil", "e5oluD64eq0-00004-00003549-00004548": "Flour", "e5oluD64eq0-00005-00004866-00005066": "Baking powder", "e5oluD64eq0-00006-00008160-00008360": "Flour", "e5oluD64eq0-00007-00009429-00009728": "Almond", "e5oluD64eq0-00008-00015293-00015493": "Oil", "e5oluD64eq0-00009-00016784-00016984": "Almond", "e5oluD64eq0-00010-00021161-00021361": "Bake"}}, {"audio_id": "e5FUBLVn1SI", "text": {"e5FUBLVn1SI-00000-00000010-00000186": "THE SECOND STRAIGHT YEAR, 3-2", "e5FUBLVn1SI-00001-00000186-00000193": "THE SECOND STRAIGHT YEAR, 3-2", "e5FUBLVn1SI-00002-00000193-00000477": "THE SECOND STRAIGHT YEAR, 3-2 VICTORY OVER DULUTH EAST.", "e5FUBLVn1SI-00003-00000477-00000483": "THE SECOND STRAIGHT YEAR, 3-2 VICTORY OVER DULUTH EAST.", "e5FUBLVn1SI-00004-00000483-00000777": "THE SECOND STRAIGHT YEAR, 3-2 VICTORY OVER DULUTH EAST. WARROAD TAKING ON EAST GRAND", "e5FUBLVn1SI-00005-00000777-00000784": "VICTORY OVER DULUTH EAST. WARROAD TAKING ON EAST GRAND", "e5FUBLVn1SI-00006-00000784-00001117": "VICTORY OVER DULUTH EAST. WARROAD TAKING ON EAST GRAND FORKS, AND EGF GETS THE STEAL", "e5FUBLVn1SI-00007-00001117-00001124": "WARROAD TAKING ON EAST GRAND FORKS, AND EGF GETS THE STEAL", "e5FUBLVn1SI-00008-00001124-00001414": "WARROAD TAKING ON EAST GRAND FORKS, AND EGF GETS THE STEAL GOES TOP SHELF FOR THE GOAL, AND", "e5FUBLVn1SI-00009-00001414-00001421": "FORKS, AND EGF GETS THE STEAL GOES TOP SHELF FOR THE GOAL, AND", "e5FUBLVn1SI-00010-00001421-00001671": "FORKS, AND EGF GETS THE STEAL GOES TOP SHELF FOR THE GOAL, AND PARKER DOING HIS BEST TO KEEP", "e5FUBLVn1SI-00011-00001671-00001678": "GOES TOP SHELF FOR THE GOAL, AND PARKER DOING HIS BEST TO KEEP", "e5FUBLVn1SI-00012-00001678-00001905": "GOES TOP SHELF FOR THE GOAL, AND PARKER DOING HIS BEST TO KEEP HIM OUT OF THE NET, AND COMING", "e5FUBLVn1SI-00013-00001905-00001911": "PARKER DOING HIS BEST TO KEEP HIM OUT OF THE NET, AND COMING", "e5FUBLVn1SI-00014-00001911-00002459": "PARKER DOING HIS BEST TO KEEP HIM OUT OF THE NET, AND COMING UP BIG WITH A COUPLE OF STOPS.", "e5FUBLVn1SI-00015-00002459-00002465": "HIM OUT OF THE NET, AND COMING UP BIG WITH A COUPLE OF STOPS.", "e5FUBLVn1SI-00016-00002465-00002679": "HIM OUT OF THE NET, AND COMING UP BIG WITH A COUPLE OF STOPS. AND WAR ARE ROAD WOULD END UP", "e5FUBLVn1SI-00017-00002679-00002686": "UP BIG WITH A COUPLE OF STOPS. AND WAR ARE ROAD WOULD END UP", "e5FUBLVn1SI-00018-00002686-00002829": "UP BIG WITH A COUPLE OF STOPS. AND WAR ARE ROAD WOULD END UP ATTACKING ON ONE, BUT IT WASN'T"}}, {"audio_id": "e5Wb7R6QqJ0", "text": {"e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00000-00000000-00000481": "Cumulative Frequency Graph Matching 【Printables pdf】 How to match cumulative graph to box plot? Cumulative Frequency Graph Matching. challenging math problem O levels statistics. For more study tips and parent student support quirks, join me in For the Study With Me Note Taking Playlist, click below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGekf4csdbWR0QOOvveUiPMpqO_g-oi8A Dexter Smart Erasable Daily Journal for To-Do List, Goals & Time Management】https://amzn.to/2W8QOiT To Support Brainy Couple，Invite you to Subscribe https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmIrYcZJb0L1yuwcX4pqQRA?sub_confirmation=1 【YouTube】 http://bit.ly/BrainyCouple 【Facebook 臉書粉絲團】http://bit.ly/BrainyCoupleFB 【IG Instagram】 http://bit.ly/BrainyCoupleInstag 【Pinterest】 http://bit.ly/BrainyCouplePin 【微信公眾號】evenifiendure 【微博】 https://www.weibo.com/2035246463/ You can learn from other videos below. 1. https://youtu.be/GhHl7aP9ce0 2. https://youtu.be/J4SB_Pad6v4 3. https://youtu.be/fb-AvrRic-I", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00001-00000481-00000830": "She grows it brought to you by the brainy kappa", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00002-00000909-00001151": "The open a description below for more information", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00003-00001240-00001542": "Hello everyone. So today our lesson will be on", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00004-00001600-00001800": "interpreting frequency graphs", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00005-00001813-00002535": "Cumulative frequency graph and bottom whiskers plot, I'm sure they're after us essence. You have come to understand. What is a", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00006-00002599-00002799": "cumulative frequency graph and", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00007-00002866-00003066": "so for here", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00008-00003093-00003289": "You'll go straight to our lesson", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00009-00003289-00003740": "so the meaning is why is this such a need to know all this because", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00010-00003786-00004187": "Sometimes the question may give you let's say I have a question", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00011-00004345-00005129": "Yeah, so this question is it shows that is a community the three cumulative frequency curves for the results are three different methods", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00012-00005194-00005750": "Animations are shown below. So all free examinations are attended by the same 1000 students", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00013-00005769-00006488": "Now how do you know which is the more difficult is this? Most challenging edges are these challenges?", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00014-00006586-00007340": "Okay, especially if the median necessary, I'm sure oh you must be thinking. Oh, okay. Let me check out medium first, but", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00015-00007395-00007970": "In this case is I'll say ok if the median is around the same", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00016-00008022-00008570": "Then how we know which so you can no longer use of median suture to each other", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00017-00008584-00009318": "That's why you need to understand the bossing this how it oxide is actually native graph and how this graph goes", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00018-00009331-00009597": "In the bottle whiskers program, okay", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00019-00010404-00010756": "And she is saying I'll let you go cheering fuss", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00020-00010761-00011447": "So, okay, so you can see that I'll be going through a few graphs over here. It's a lot graph Toby skin, so", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00021-00011535-00011824": "This idea is here on the same ones. You'd know how to", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00022-00011925-00012125": "Understand the graphs and everything, okay", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00023-00012216-00012814": "So usually they'll give you the middle cut graphs again. For example, cumulative frequency graph", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00024-00012825-00013369": "All right, they will show you this shape. So you should have you have where you see this shape. You have to understand", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00025-00013369-00013569": "Okay, these shape means", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00026-00013647-00014347": "for a frequency graph is this a shape is skewed to the left really the most of our students are actually", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00027-00014382-00014541": "scoring very", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00028-00014541-00014741": "at the loss of the", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00029-00015594-00015759": "Graph is like this", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00030-00015759-00015913": "It's not in this way", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00031-00015913-00016498": "It means that everything skip service and the majority of the max are a girth", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00032-00016526-00016957": "Okay is at a low end although it can see it's not that wrong. Okay?", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00033-00016958-00017527": "So the thing is is easiest the easiest is when you have this graph your pulse your plotter", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00034-00017562-00018113": "bottom risk us from plot using a five-point system order using the", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00035-00018159-00018650": "The minimum point which is here the zero so everything is that 10?", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00036-00018650-00019288": "so this one minimum point is at 10 and then you have the lower lip lover photo, which is", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00037-00019413-00019858": "250 about 30 here and then you have the medium", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00038-00019991-00020729": "the 500 mark so it's about 45 35 and then you use the upper quadrant at a", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00039-00020796-00021277": "750 and then you have the 1000 the maximum", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00040-00021636-00021825": "Okay", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00041-00021825-00022232": "Okay, so now they announce we draw the bottom top on this customer", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00042-00022248-00022855": "Then you should feel or avert so immediately translate this. This will be easy much idiocy", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00043-00022923-00023239": "Comedies thing is your frequency graph. So as", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00044-00025268-00025932": "So for this graphite with us the represent for the first craft when your CV scrap, okay, let's say this is", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00045-00025997-00026601": "The result for a test what has paper? Okay. So from the graphic and you know that a", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00046-00026669-00027333": "Most of the students will be salsa skew towards the left meaning most of our students are scoring on a low side", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00047-00027413-00028023": "Okay, so I can say that as you this is a very a very difficult test where most of the students are actually", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00048-00028091-00028291": "scoring below the", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00049-00028361-00028561": "so this is a very very", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00050-00028694-00029173": "Okay, therefore this graph the results is quite even in this filter", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00051-00029173-00029577": "So I'll say this is a average average", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00052-00029774-00030345": "It's not that difficult on that Ezio's also there's a whole wide range of missiles and", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00053-00030398-00030720": "Of course, what's the difference between a second and that?", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00054-00030851-00031051": "this would be a very", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00055-00031124-00031324": "this would be a test which", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00056-00031352-00031975": "Which is not that difficult meaning is that you can scope are also not that easy", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00057-00032012-00032557": "Meaning even the smartest people cannot score well for yourself, right? It's a competitor here", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00058-00032557-00033079": "I guess if there are smarter people scoring better, but then okay here for", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00059-00033182-00033532": "The okay here you can see this damn good", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00060-00033611-00033811": "most of the smarter people", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00061-00033833-00034033": "They are able to score", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00062-00034079-00034593": "The able to score powerful here the smarter people are not able to skies", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00063-00034732-00034932": "okay, so this", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00064-00035002-00035553": "At the end of then you have to look at it. It's there yourself and try to understand this", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00065-00035626-00035826": "Is you taking the assign?", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00066-00035920-00036485": "Okay. So for this graph you realize as I said previously there are two hits", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00067-00036595-00036878": "so that will pop bombs so", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00068-00036946-00037407": "You can say that for these tests is a test where you have two different", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00069-00037450-00037950": "You have two different levels of people thanking me", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00070-00037950-00038342": "you have a beginner taking it which is one is as", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00071-00038404-00039086": "I said you have the beginner class and you all you have is you have the edik class and then you have the", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00072-00039286-00040053": "There are not so Alexa a lot not so smart class first maxis, okay, so that's why you see through", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00073-00040438-00040658": "Then we'll go on to other grounds", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00074-00040966-00041279": "I'll go through these graphics, which is", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00075-00041521-00042039": "As you can see from okay, these are a range of the defendant", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00076-00042193-00042813": "So firstly you'll be given this graph and if you look carefully if you plot it you're right", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00077-00042816-00043014": "Actually, this is quite even in spray enough", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00078-00043014-00043164": "I mean as you can see from here", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00079-00043164-00043790": "But the soaker even is and symmetrically spray up actually means is quite extreme case", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00080-00043828-00044033": "okay, if you compare this one with", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00081-00044164-00044364": "this one", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00082-00044614-00044814": "Yeah, if you compare this one", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00083-00044902-00045102": "if this one", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00084-00045103-00045813": "This and this you can see that it is you Diala the opposite right that this one is bent down in this way", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00085-00045813-00046364": "But this one is bent up. Listen. This one's bent up but this one is bent down", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00086-00046411-00047004": "So, of course the bottom plop the pots and whisker flow is also different", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00087-00047110-00047382": "Right, but you have everything pending", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00088-00047452-00047700": "so you can see the range a speaker and", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00089-00047800-00048345": "The flick Akalis or frequency graph is that this is a rare extreme case", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00090-00048445-00048746": "You have you can if so for this exam, right?", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00091-00048793-00048993": "This is the kind of test paper", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00092-00048993-00049710": "Which is that either you know how to do or don't even know how to stop is that either you are effort", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00093-00049771-00050364": "either, you know how to do it and you can score well as you can see there are a lot because going around or you", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00094-00050395-00050768": "Don't even know how some stuff and this is all because of not knowing", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00095-00050905-00051201": "These other either you know it or you don't company", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00096-00051372-00051701": "Then we have a game here is", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00097-00052452-00052756": "Okay, you have you have a graph which is okay", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00098-00053204-00053467": "Here we have a graph that where it is", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00099-00053565-00054061": "Skewed to the right as you how do you know whether it's cute so that most kids live, right?", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00100-00054104-00054316": "Well, of course you can use the numbers", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00101-00054549-00055127": "Or you just want to see right fast in one whole stroke you can actually compare this with", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00102-00055338-00055538": "This", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00103-00056412-00056927": "So now you have photographs of it so there these are somehow stuff that I have for you later", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00104-00057138-00057338": "Okay, so as you can see over here", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00105-00057588-00058001": "This is skewed to the right with this skill to the left is", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00106-00058062-00058567": "that this whole thing is bending up and this whole thing is spending inwards, so", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00107-00058929-00059129": "Okay", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00108-00059154-00059687": "So I guess is it's deeper is the power here at the is", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00109-00059757-00059942": "steeper other", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00110-00059942-00060196": "At last at the medial side it is", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00111-00060282-00060671": "Deeper at more than a million. This is another way in there", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00112-00060774-00061222": "Okay, so somewhere email will have a radiograph of a straight line", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00113-00061239-00061966": "So how does the Ichiro is it means that everything is constant? So I think by now you should know", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00114-00062094-00062704": "how to plot the graph how to plot the frequency graph from the cumulative frequency graph", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00115-00062754-00063359": "Is true the use of gradient as you can see over here is that your gradient is almost constant", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00116-00064060-00064466": "Your breathing is almost constant from 10 to 90 and", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00117-00064546-00064896": "It is zero. So when it's almost constant everything just", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00118-00065302-00066080": "Sometimes you cannot just rely on the paws and whiskers so you have to go at the graph and cut out the frequency graph", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00119-00066172-00066530": "So for this one on this one is a special case where?", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00120-00066610-00067095": "You can say that everything is not skewed. The graph is not skilled, but", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00121-00067159-00067820": "The results are as you shoot that is a normal distribution results linearity is well spread up", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00122-00067821-00068261": "But it's shifted to the low side. So I'll say maybe this is a", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00123-00068314-00068514": "pickle test", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00124-00068812-00069347": "Where none of the students are particularly smart to get the high high months", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00125-00069415-00070043": "Okay, so part of all the videos will show how you solve the question. So this", "e5Wb7R6QqJ0-00126-00070174-00070794": "Is brought to you by the brainy Kappa. So open the description below for more information and"}}, {"audio_id": "e6VJo9Tmyv0", "text": {"e6VJo9Tmyv0-00000-00000550-00001150": "One of the themes that Ajahn Mun would often talk about in his Dhamma talks would be practicing", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00001-00001150-00001462": "the Dhamma in line with the Dhamma.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00002-00001462-00001866": "It means many things.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00003-00001866-00002526": "One is that you don't try to change the Dhamma to suit your preferences.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00004-00002526-00003339": "Instead you try to bring your preferences in line with the Dhamma—realizing that what", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00005-00003339-00003979": "the Buddha said was true, that the big problem in life is the stress and suffering we cause", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00006-00003979-00004484": "for ourselves through our clinging and craving.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00007-00004484-00005271": "And so that's the problem we have to focus upon.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00008-00005271-00005637": "If you start changing the Dhamma in line with your preferences, you're actually giving more", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00009-00005637-00005913": "rein to the clinging and craving.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00010-00005913-00006655": "And that kind of practice simply augments the problem.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00011-00006655-00007584": "So you ask yourself, are you willing to put your preferences aside for right now and give", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00012-00007584-00008017": "yourself to the practice?", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00013-00008017-00008682": "The thoughts you like to think about and other things that lie outside the path, you're going", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00014-00008682-00008806": "to put them down for the time being.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00015-00008806-00009042": "And you're going to focus right here.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00016-00009042-00009690": "Fortunately, the work required by the path is not all unpleasant.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00017-00009690-00010247": "There are times when it requires that you put up with some pain and you have to exercise", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00018-00010247-00010608": "some restraint your clingings and cravings.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00019-00010608-00010981": "There's going to be some resistance.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00020-00010981-00011386": "But what does the path ask you to do?", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00021-00011386-00011635": "Noble things: generosity, virtue.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00022-00011635-00012414": "When you meditate, you develop a sense of well-being inside that doesn't harm anybody", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00023-00012414-00012514": "at all.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00024-00012514-00013421": "And that's just the path; the goal is even more harmless, more noble.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00025-00013421-00014044": "As in that phrase we chanted just now: admirable in the beginning, admirable in the middle,", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00026-00014044-00014576": "admirable in the end.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00027-00014576-00015306": "The path starts out well, continues well, and it's ending is something highly admirable.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00028-00015306-00015836": "So try to develop a sense of conviction and confidence in what you're doing here, that", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00029-00015836-00017180": "this really is good work—both in the sense that the work itself is pleasant—you're", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00030-00017180-00017891": "not asked to do anything demeaning, you're not asked to harm anybody else—and in the", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00031-00017891-00018337": "sense that where it leads is also a very good goal.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00032-00018337-00018830": "So try to breathe in a way that feels really good, really satisfying inside.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00033-00018830-00019334": "You're going to be giving up a number of other pleasures as you practice, but the compensation", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00034-00019334-00020255": "is you can develop a sense of well-being being right here, breathing in, breathing out, being", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00035-00020255-00020612": "very sensitive to the process of breathing.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00036-00020612-00021045": "And you're totally free to breathe any way you like.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00037-00021045-00021551": "The Dhamma doesn't say you have to breath long, or breath short or whatever.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00038-00021551-00022020": "Here is one area where your preferences can reign for the time being.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00039-00022020-00022364": "What kind of breathing do you want to focus on now?", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00040-00022364-00022729": "What kind of breathing would you like to create for yourself to focus on?", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00041-00022729-00023409": "Go ahead and create it.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00042-00023409-00023806": "As you do this, you're learning an important lesson: There's a fair amount in the present", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00043-00023806-00023906": "moment that you can shape.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00044-00023906-00024139": "So, shape it in a good direction.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00045-00024139-00024712": "Turn it into a path, something that goes someplace.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00046-00024712-00025151": "So many pleasures are not paths at all.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00047-00025151-00025858": "You experience them and then they're gone, that's it.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00048-00025858-00026368": "Or even worse, as you're experiencing them, you're developing a lot of unskillful attitudes", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00049-00026368-00026548": "around them.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00050-00026548-00026777": "Those attitudes are a path in the wrong direction.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00051-00026777-00027543": "But here, you're developing a pleasure, a sense of well-being that's harmless, and you're", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00052-00027543-00028258": "using it to make the mind clearer, to make the mind sharper, more firmly balanced, more", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00053-00028258-00028820": "firmly stable here in the present moment.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00054-00028820-00029144": "It's good work.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00055-00029144-00029963": "And if at first you don't succeed, then you try, try again.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00056-00029963-00030630": "In other words, if the mind slips off, just let go of whatever has pulled it away and", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00057-00030630-00030883": "you're right back at the breath.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00058-00030883-00031325": "Pay more attention to the breath this time and also keep an eye out for the warning signs", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00059-00031325-00031585": "that the mind is about to slip away.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00060-00031585-00032549": "This requires a quality called ardency: that you put effort into doing it well.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00061-00032549-00032972": "Part of ardency is motivated by the realization that if you don't train the mind, there's", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00062-00032972-00033078": "going to be trouble.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00063-00033078-00033431": "Both now and on into the future.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00064-00033431-00033933": "But there are other ways of motivating your ardency as well.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00065-00033933-00034653": "One of them is having a sense of conviction that the people who found this path and have", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00066-00034653-00035487": "been carrying it on, transmitting it from generation to generation, are to be respected.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00067-00035487-00035935": "Think about the Buddha: He really was serious about happiness; when he'd found a true happiness,", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00068-00035935-00036846": "he was really serious about doing a good job passing that skill onto other people.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00069-00036846-00037081": "It's hard to find teachers like that.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00070-00037081-00037412": "So many other people are pleased just to please other people.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00071-00037412-00037887": "It's a lot easier to tell people what they like and they reward you.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00072-00037887-00038329": "But the Buddha was not motivated in that way.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00073-00038329-00038960": "He seriously wanted to do something that was really good for many generations of people,", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00074-00038960-00040122": "that really would make a difference, to help them put an end to their suffering.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00075-00040122-00040530": "You can look at the example of all the really inspiring people who picked up that teaching", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00076-00040530-00040700": "and used it well.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00077-00040700-00041078": "We have a debt of gratitude to them.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00078-00041078-00041571": "We can also take them as good examples, because they faced a lot of dangers, they faced a", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00079-00041571-00042437": "lot of pain and they can be our inspiration as we go through our own difficulties in the", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00080-00042437-00042819": "practice.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00081-00042819-00043437": "There's a passage where one of the Buddha's students is out in the wilderness and he's", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00082-00043437-00043537": "sick.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00083-00043537-00043694": "And he asks himself, \"What am I going to do?", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00084-00043694-00043803": "Am I going to go back home?", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00085-00043803-00044449": "NO -- I'm going to stay right here and devote myself to the Dhamma, using the mind to overcome", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00086-00044449-00045009": "the illness and being inspired by all the people who have done this in the past.\"", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00087-00045009-00045692": "This is one of the reasons why it's good to read the biographies of the great teachers,", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00088-00045692-00046341": "beginning with the verses of the elders monks, the elder nuns, and on up to the present.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00089-00046341-00047471": "They give you an idea of what human beings can do.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00090-00047471-00047686": "And then you practice.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00091-00047686-00048346": "This is what devotion is: It's not that you're trying to please somebody up there by groveling", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00092-00048346-00048602": "in front of them.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00093-00048602-00049313": "We think about the Buddha's kind intentions and all the effort he went into in finding", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00094-00049313-00049763": "this path.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00095-00049763-00050201": "Over the centuries there have been times when the path has been overgrown with weeds and", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00096-00050201-00050488": "then people have come along and cleared away the weeds.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00097-00050488-00050691": "It required a lot of work.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00098-00050691-00051401": "Think about Ajaan Mun and all the work he had to go through, all the difficulties he", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00099-00051401-00051927": "encountered in establishing for himself the fact that, yes, this path still works.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00100-00051927-00052548": "Most of the teachings coming out of Bangkok in those days said that the time for nibbana—even", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00101-00052548-00053079": "the time for jhana practice—was over.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00102-00053079-00053463": "Monks should lower their sights, they said, and help the government set up schools.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00103-00053463-00053864": "Ajaan Mun also got a lot of flak from other people for not practicing in the traditional", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00104-00053864-00053964": "Thai way.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00105-00053964-00054449": "But as he said, the traditions of Thai people, in addition to the traditions of every culture,", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00106-00054449-00054760": "are the traditions of people with defilements.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00107-00054760-00055347": "If you want a noble happiness, you follow the standards of the noble ones, the culture", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00108-00055347-00055779": "of the noble ones: learning contentment with outside things.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00109-00055779-00056435": "And that can mean often learning the fact that other people don't respect you, they", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00110-00056435-00056979": "don't like your practice, and yet you can learn to finding your delight, not in the", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00111-00056979-00057621": "things other people can offer, but in developing good qualities of mind, skillful qualities", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00112-00057621-00058079": "of mind and abandoning unskillful ones.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00113-00058079-00058672": "The sense that you've done something skillful in your thoughts or your words or your deeds:", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00114-00058672-00058917": "Learn to take delight in that.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00115-00058917-00059530": "When you're tempted to do something really unskillful but you're able to say no: Take", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00116-00059530-00059729": "delight in that, too.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00117-00059729-00060188": "It's so easy when you feel temptation to give into those voices that say, \"Well, you might", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00118-00060188-00060558": "be saying no right now but you're going to yes tomorrow, you're going to say yes in five", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00119-00060558-00060741": "minutes, so why don't you say yes now and get it over with.\"", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00120-00060741-00061362": "You have to learn how to see through that trick: Tell yourself, \"In five minutes I'll", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00121-00061362-00061992": "make the decision for five minutes, but right now the decision is no.\"", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00122-00061992-00062739": "And each time you can say no like that, you're strengthening the mind—strengthening the", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00123-00062739-00063711": "mind and learn to take delight in the fact that you're strengthening the mind.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00124-00063711-00064510": "That way you find it easier to put up with whatever hardships are involved in the practice.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00125-00064510-00065002": "The Buddha points out that you don't want to deny yourself any pleasures that are in", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00126-00065002-00065262": "line with the Dhamma.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00127-00065262-00066149": "But if you find that indulging in external pleasures is creating unskillful habits—or", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00128-00066149-00066702": "even just hanging around in the pleasures of concentration when you should be ready", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00129-00066702-00067469": "to move on, if you see that happening—you've got to exert extra effort, which may involve", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00130-00067469-00067569": "pain.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00131-00067569-00067676": "So learn how to delight in that.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00132-00067676-00068149": "Don't make it the kind of extra effort where you're just gritting your teeth.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00133-00068149-00068474": "Find some way to psych yourself up for this.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00134-00068474-00069197": "And one of the ways to do that, of course, is to think about the fact that the Buddha", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00135-00069197-00069742": "really was an admirable human being and there are so few in this world.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00136-00069742-00070023": "You should treasure those that are.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00137-00070023-00070615": "That passage we chanted just now -- the Buddha is immeasurable, the qualities of mind that", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00138-00070615-00071645": "he developed, the goal at the end of the path that he was able to attain: There is no measure", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00139-00071645-00071777": "for that.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00140-00071777-00072713": "So we're dealing with something that's bigger than an ordinary human being.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00141-00072713-00072973": "The Dhamma is also immeasurable; the Sangha is immeasurable.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00142-00072973-00073718": "Their qualities are bigger than anything else you can think of in this life.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00143-00073718-00074281": "They're not only bigger than creeping things outside, but they're bigger than creeping", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00144-00074281-00074926": "things inside -- the creeping defilements and the creeping unskillful qualities that", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00145-00074926-00075705": "keep eating away at your potential for true happiness.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00146-00075705-00076325": "So as you're trying to stay here with the breath, use these thoughts as motivation for", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00147-00076325-00077131": "doing it well, giving it more of yourself than you might ordinarily do.", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00148-00077131-00078087": "This is something that really is worth giving yourself to, because it more than rewards", "e6VJo9Tmyv0-00149-00078087-00078150": "the effort."}}, {"audio_id": "e7vbyAdWAyo", "text": {"e7vbyAdWAyo-00000-00001080-00001302": "Item #: SCP-700", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00001-00001302-00001446": "Object Class: Euclid Safe", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00002-00001446-00002048": "Special Containment Procedures: As SCP-700 is immobile, one security team is to be permanently", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00003-00002048-00002433": "placed at the site, to prevent the entrance of civilians and unauthorized personnel.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00004-00002433-00002959": "They are to be equipped with breath masks at all times while inside of SCP-700.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00005-00002959-00003276": "SCP-700-1 is to remain closed all the time.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00006-00003276-00003796": "Its hatch may only be opened if all personnel present inside SCP-700 are wearing full-body,", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00007-00003796-00004214": "non-organic biohazard suits and breath masks, and only for the purpose of running necessary", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00008-00004214-00004314": "tests.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00009-00004314-00004847": "Following Incident 700-1, this part of the containment procedure is no longer necessary.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00010-00004847-00005128": "See Incident Log 700-1 for more details.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00011-00005128-00005696": "Description: SCP-700 is a large, abandoned building, similar to a factory in design,", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00012-00005696-00006080": "located in a rural area of ██████████, USA.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00013-00006080-00006693": "It contains █ floors (one being underground), each containing ██ rooms.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00014-00006693-00007106": "Many of these rooms are built in a way that does not appear to serve any specific purpose,", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00015-00007106-00007544": "containing, for example, redundant machinery, sewage pipes that are not connected to any", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00016-00007544-00007926": "kind of disposal unit, and numerous power cords extended across the room in a manner", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00017-00007926-00008193": "similar to sash cords.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00018-00008193-00008857": "███ graffiti pictures (designated SCP-700-2) can be observed inside SCP-700's rooms.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00019-00008857-00009321": "They usually depict humanoid creatures, although animal figures were also observed.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00020-00009321-00009824": "All instances of SCP-700-2 have shown the capacity to move around the walls of their", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00021-00009824-00009924": "rooms.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00022-00009924-00010347": "Their frequency of movement varies depending on what room SCP-700-2 is located.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00023-00010347-00010944": "For example, rooms blocked with iron bars will turn SCP-700-2 mostly immobile, with", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00024-00010944-00011265": "only slight movements being made at seemingly random periods of time.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00025-00011265-00011736": "It is currently unknown if the graffiti are sentient, but as their movement patterns are", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00026-00011736-00012067": "erratic, and considering that all attempts at communicating with them have failed, it", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00027-00012067-00012325": "is assumed that they are not.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00028-00012325-00012811": "Inside the central room of the underground floor is a circular hole (designated SCP-700-1).", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00029-00012811-00013237": "It is 10 meters deep and with a radius of 1.5 m.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00030-00013237-00013510": "An iron hatch is connected to the hole.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00031-00013510-00014138": "There are ██ 0.3 ml plastic syringes attached to the walls, all positioned one meter above", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00032-00014138-00014438": "the bottom of SCP-700-1.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00033-00014438-00014903": "At the center of the hole's floor is a 1 x 1 m grate that leads into an unlit chamber.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00034-00014903-00015360": "Removing the syringes from the wall is possible; however, new syringes will \"grow\" to replace", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00035-00015360-00015604": "the lost ones a few moments after their removal.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00036-00015604-00016188": "The syringes at the bottom of SCP-700-1 are constantly producing a yellow liquid, composed", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00037-00016188-00016581": "primarily of human [DATA EXPUNGED]cluding menses.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00038-00016581-00016974": "This mixture produces a fragrance deemed to be \"very attractive\" to all humans that come", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00039-00016974-00017074": "in contact with it.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00040-00017074-00017660": "If SCP-700-1 is left open, the smell will spread through all the rooms of the building.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00041-00017660-00018256": "Upon smelling this fragrance for a small period of time (usually █ minutes), subjects will", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00042-00018256-00018646": "begin to unconsciously move towards SCP-700-1.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00043-00018646-00018926": "If not stopped, they will throw themselves down SCP-700-1.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00044-00018926-00019518": "The fall will usually result in fractured bones, but all observed subjects seemed to", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00045-00019518-00020081": "be unaware of the fact, concentrating solely on consuming the liquid dropped by the syringes.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00046-00020081-00020660": "After a human falls inside SCP-700-1, the hatch will automatically close, and loud mechanical", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00047-00020660-00021099": "sounds will be heard coming from an undetermined place within SCP-700.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00048-00021099-00021665": "At this point, opening SCP-700-1's hatch will reveal a solid concrete floor instead of the", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00049-00021665-00021965": "hole, and will also bring the sounds to a halt.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00050-00021965-00022694": "Approximately █ minutes after closing, SCP-700-1 will reopen by itself, revealing the hole", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00051-00022694-00023002": "again, but the human inside will have disappeared.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00052-00023002-00023569": "During the tests, all recording devices (like cameras) placed inside SCP-700-1 were destroyed", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00053-00023569-00023850": "by unknown means as soon as the hatch closed.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00054-00023850-00024340": "█ hours after the disappearance of the subject, a new instance of SCP-700-2 will be found", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00055-00024340-00024598": "in one of SCP-700's rooms.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00056-00024598-00025265": "SCP-700 came to the attention of the Foundation after various reports of a man called \"Mr.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00057-00025265-00025585": "██████\" selling \"living art\" painted on concrete blocks.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00058-00025585-00026123": "When confronted by Foundation personnel, Mr. ██████ attempted to flee, and", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00059-00026123-00026552": "injured one agent before killing himself when it became clear that he could not escape.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00060-00026552-00027002": "The coordinates for the location of the building were found at his house on ███████. The", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00061-00027002-00027652": "Foundation was able to find and destroy ██ of the blocks that Mr. ██████ sold.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00062-00027652-00027937": "The owners of the blocks were given Class B Amnesiacs.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00063-00027937-00028547": "Addendum 700-1: Staff working inside SCP-700 have reported sightings of a featureless humanoid", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00064-00028547-00029071": "figure silently walking inside SCP-700's rooms immediately after a human vanishes inside", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00065-00029071-00029171": "SCP-700-1.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00066-00029171-00029893": "This entity (designated SCP-700-3) disappears when researchers try to make physical contact", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00067-00029893-00030271": "with it, and it does not respond when communication is attempted.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00068-00030271-00030650": "Thus far, SCP-700-3 has proved to be harmless.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00069-00030650-00031088": "Any changes in SCP-700-3's behavior are to be reported immediately.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00070-00031088-00031745": "Addendum 700-2: Recently, █ researchers and ██ D-Class personnel that observed", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00071-00031745-00032319": "pictures of SCP-700-2 claimed to have momentarily seen the graffiti in some of them moving.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00072-00032319-00032846": "Further tests have confirmed that SCP-700-2 depicted in photographs will appear to move", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00073-00032846-00033186": "only to subjects with a previous history of [DATA EXPUNGED].", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00074-00033186-00033440": "What causes this phenomenon is currently unknown.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00075-00033440-00034209": "Incident Log 700-1: On █/██/████, Dr. █████ brought four D-Class personnel", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00076-00034209-00034736": "to SCP-700 with the intention of discovering the nature of the chamber below SCP-700-1.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00077-00034736-00035314": "To achieve this, D-9462 was provided with a crowbar, and was instructed to use it to", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00078-00035314-00035706": "remove the grate located at the bottom of SCP-700-1.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00079-00035706-00036284": "When D-9462 struck SCP-700-1's grate with the crowbar, a loud shriek could be heard", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00080-00036284-00036533": "coming from all rooms of the building.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00081-00036533-00036928": "SCP-700-1's hatch closed immediately after the shriek ceased.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00082-00036928-00037366": "Since the incident, opening the hatch will only reveal a solid concrete floor.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00083-00037366-00037850": "As of ██/██/████, SCP-700-1 did not reappear.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00084-00037850-00038240": "Manifestations of SCP-700-3 have also stopped occurring.", "e7vbyAdWAyo-00085-00038240-00038575": "As a result, SCP-700 was reclassified as \"Safe\"."}}, {"audio_id": "e7Sm4mGYpiI", "text": {"e7Sm4mGYpiI-00000-00000000-00000152": "Subtitle", "e7Sm4mGYpiI-00005-00000869-00000919": "Subtitle", "e7Sm4mGYpiI-00006-00000919-00000969": "Subtitle", "e7Sm4mGYpiI-00007-00000969-00001102": "Subtitle"}}, {"audio_id": "e7TxA7A5Cak", "text": {"e7TxA7A5Cak-00000-00000056-00000927": "how to find and interpret your youtube data so you can explode your views now you may have been", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00001-00000927-00001456": "making youtube videos for a while or you may just be starting out either way you need to look at", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00002-00001456-00001992": "your data your data is super important you need to look at this on a daily basis in this video", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00003-00001992-00002488": "what i'm going to do is walk you through some of the data on my channel and let you kind of see", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00004-00002488-00003000": "how it works and what we're looking at so let's run over to my computer right now and let's take", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00005-00003000-00003479": "a look at my data so i can share with you how to find your data and how to interpret this data", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00006-00003536-00003952": "okay now the first thing i want to do is i want to go to youtube studio which is right here", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00007-00004104-00004688": "and once i get into youtube studio it's going to open up a lot of possibilities for me here guys", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00008-00004776-00005336": "and i want to walk you through all of this here my channel is not huge it's growing so i don't", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00009-00005336-00006128": "mind sharing stuff with you current subscribers right now is 5606 which is very nice and this", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00010-00006128-00006528": "is the dashboard so you're going to be taken to this dashboard right here in the beginning", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00011-00006623-00007272": "so then what we want to do is maybe go over to our analytics which is right here and on analytics the", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00012-00007272-00007912": "first thing you're going to see is an overview it says my channel got 7 379 views the last 28 days", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00013-00007912-00008632": "so i'm getting there now keep in mind in the beginning i had zero i had zero okay so", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00014-00008632-00009056": "you have all these other tabs up here so let's click on some of these i've got reach right here", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00015-00009056-00009656": "um reach is kind of interesting uh this is also set usually to the last 28 days but you can set", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00016-00009656-00010168": "this when you're looking at any of this data 90 days 365 days lifetime whatever you want to do", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00017-00010224-00010520": "you can pick a month down here you can do custom whatever you'd like to do", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00018-00010584-00011088": "so it's got my impressions which are down right now 18 don't let this scare you sometimes your", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00019-00011088-00011472": "numbers are going to go up sometimes they're going to go down now i look over here impressions", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00020-00011472-00012160": "click-through rate is 6.6 which is up 16 which is nice okay my views are down 921 right now", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00021-00012160-00012640": "less than usual it could be the time of year it could be whatever then i click on engagement right", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00022-00012640-00013528": "here uh engagement's kind of interesting this is the watch time hour so i'm at 390 was it 395.7", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00023-00013528-00014200": "which is 44.3 less than usual okay so whatever usual is uh then i've got my average view duration", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00024-00014200-00014832": "right here which is 3.13 minutes which is down three percent right now uh i click on my audience", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00025-00014832-00015376": "right here uh audience is pretty interesting i like this um this really shows what's going on", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00026-00015376-00015880": "on my channel now if you look at this line down here the bottom line is returning viewers but look", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00027-00015880-00016520": "at new viewers look at how many new viewers i'm getting constantly now new views are way way way", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00028-00016520-00017032": "up which is pretty cool and then i'm going to look at revenue here now this revenue guys this", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00029-00017032-00017672": "can scare you okay this can actually scare you so don't don't let this scare you bottom line you", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00030-00017672-00018432": "have what's called rpm this is what uh revenue per ml tells you how much you earn per thousand views", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00031-00018432-00019280": "um so i'm earning 26.75 this is extraordinarily high this number here is normally between one and", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00032-00019280-00019992": "six dollars it's because of the niche i'm in that this is so very high don't expect this number to", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00033-00019992-00020664": "be 26.75 don't use my channel as a benchmark okay now there's probably channels out there that get a", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00034-00020664-00021472": "whole lot higher than this but this is what i am expect maybe one to five rpm playback based cpm", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00035-00021472-00022192": "this is what they're actually charging if you see here playback based cpm means effective playback", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00036-00022192-00022872": "based cost per mill and tells you how much advertisers paid per thousand monetized", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00037-00022872-00023488": "uh playbacks now this is what the advertisers are paying this is what i'm getting 26.75", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00038-00023544-00024040": "so next part that we want to look at here and when we look at all this stuff guys we can scroll down", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00039-00024040-00024472": "here we can see what you know all these different months were how much money i earned in all these", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00040-00024472-00025168": "different months um ask your estimated ad revenue you can look over here you can look at skippable", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00041-00025168-00025760": "uh video ads right here display ads bumper ads all the different ad types it'll also show me all the", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00042-00025760-00026352": "different videos and how much money those videos actually generated then i can go over here to", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00043-00026352-00026968": "comments now i can look at all the different comments and i've got a bunch to respond to", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00044-00026968-00027576": "here which is interesting to do uh but i've got to do that uh and then i can look at content", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00045-00027576-00028192": "right here uh content is just my videos but this is broken down into several different things so", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00046-00028192-00028816": "here's my uploads and here's my lives right here so you can see the live videos right here and you", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00047-00028816-00029248": "can look at all the views now here's something interesting let's go to uploads real quick and", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00048-00029248-00029776": "then what i'm going to do is i'm going to sort by views because what it's doing is showing the most", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00049-00029776-00030624": "recent uploads right now now this video here got 88 543 views it's got 58 000. so all these videos", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00050-00030624-00031127": "here at the top got thousands of views let's go ahead and sort this by date okay so that one at", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00051-00031127-00031904": "88 000. look this one's only got six this one's got 34 29 27 16 26 29 i don't let this bother", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00052-00031904-00032600": "me that i got 51 views i don't let that bother me because i got one that's got 88 000 views and guys", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00053-00032600-00032976": "this is what you've got to understand when you're looking at your statistics here", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00054-00032976-00033608": "it can be all over the board now the next thing i want to look at down here is settings uh and if we", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00055-00033608-00034136": "go to settings here we have general okay and the only default unit i have here is dollars okay so", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00056-00034136-00034536": "i'm going to leave that alone i'm going to mess with that and then i've got my channel right here", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00057-00034592-00034984": "and what i've done for my channel and this is what you need to do for yours too is put your basic", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00058-00034984-00035376": "information in here what are the keywords that people are going to be searching for", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00059-00035376-00035992": "for your channel so i've got internet business online business jrfisher.com j.r fisher how to", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00060-00035992-00036760": "youtube make videos all these different terms that i feel are going to work for me and my channel and", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00061-00036760-00037424": "i've got 434 out of 500 that are allowed here and then i've got advanced settings right here", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00062-00037520-00037904": "so this is where you're going to set your channel if it's for kids or not if it's set for kids", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00063-00037904-00038376": "you can't partake in these advertising dollars so you want to keep that in mind", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00064-00038440-00039080": "feature eligibility and as you can see my default features and my features that require phone", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00065-00039080-00039656": "verification these are all enabled i've done all of this right here upload defaults upload defaults", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00066-00039656-00040208": "is pretty important guys now what this means is i don't have an upload title that is on every single", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00067-00040208-00040720": "video because every video is going to be different i do have visibility as public on every single one", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00068-00040720-00041296": "i do have certain tags that i put on here for my uploads okay but i can change those tags", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00069-00041368-00041904": "and then i have things in this description box so i have some things where people can download some", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00070-00041904-00042584": "stuff here i have my recommendations for different books right here um i've got different text in", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00071-00042584-00043128": "here i've got teleprompters uh funnel makers all these different things here that are actually", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00072-00043200-00043968": "affiliate links i have all of those set up in here in that way they're always on every single", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00073-00043968-00044392": "video i upload i don't have to worry about it you can do this too guys it's not hard to do", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00074-00044448-00044848": "and then i have some of my other videos in here so if somebody wants to watch about you know doing", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00075-00044848-00045408": "wordpress website or a real way to make money online or whatever it is they can click on these", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00076-00045408-00045856": "and that will keep them on the channel because i have these links here because they have these", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00077-00045856-00046472": "opportunities to watch more videos uh then i may have some hashtags in here that always pop up", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00078-00046544-00046976": "i have different ways to get a hold of me i have facebook groups in here so as you can see i've", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00079-00046976-00047624": "made good use of this area right here now let's go ahead and close this right here but another", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00080-00047624-00048064": "thing you can do if we go back to views again and we sort my videos by views and let's look at", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00081-00048064-00048792": "some of these other ones are 88 000 58 000. since these videos did good okay i may want to consider", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00082-00048792-00049480": "what doing similar videos because these videos did well people like these videos seven ways to earn", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00083-00049480-00050064": "money with a laptop did very very well uh it got almost 100 000 views and it's still getting views", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00084-00050064-00050656": "and it's got 394 comments on it so i may want to look at this data this is how you use the data i", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00085-00050656-00051328": "may want to look at this data and make more videos like that okay uh what else can i show you in here", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00086-00051328-00051696": "monetization is right here if you're missing some of this stuff you gotta scroll okay", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00087-00051760-00052367": "so i am monetized on my videos right here uh you can do customization right here if you wanted", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00088-00052424-00052991": "a channel trailer if you want to have a channel trailer in there i also have an audio library in", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00089-00052991-00053584": "here if i want to use that so these are all the different things i can use and songs and all that", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00090-00053664-00054232": "youtube actually will supply to me and i can use their their music and their sound effects", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00091-00054232-00054879": "all these different things for free uh i have an area in here that is for competitors okay uh you", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00092-00054879-00055440": "must authorize your channel with vid iq to use this feature this is a vidiq future and i have", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00093-00055440-00056136": "vid iq and i also have tubebuddy i will put a link in the description below so that you can actually", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00094-00056136-00056591": "look at tubebuddy and you can get it for free so i do recommend you start off with tubebuddy", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00095-00056688-00057152": "and then you know there's a couple other spots in here i think i went through everything else but", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00096-00057152-00057808": "guys bottom line is when you have a youtube channel it's not a matter of just having", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00097-00057808-00058384": "the channel it's utilizing all those tools that youtube gives you you think about it they've got", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00098-00058384-00058832": "all these tools in there why would they give them to you if they weren't useful right and if you", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00099-00058832-00059512": "have access to these tools and you're not using them why not why not use these things i mean just", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00100-00059512-00059896": "the simple one where you can look at your videos that are getting the most views and do similar", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00101-00059896-00060432": "videos that way you're going to get more views you start giving your audience what they want", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00102-00060432-00061112": "youtube is not a platform where you make videos about what you want to make videos about youtube", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00103-00061112-00061672": "is a platform where you make videos where people are already searching for that subject or that", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00104-00061672-00062128": "idea and you satisfy that need that's only if you want to grow your channel okay if you just", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00105-00062128-00062576": "want to do random videos that's entirely up to you but if you want to grow your channel if you want", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00106-00062576-00063000": "to get subscribers you want to have more people watching your videos you're going to want to make", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00107-00063000-00063520": "videos that people are interested in that's a very very important distinction i didn't do that in the", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00108-00063520-00063984": "beginning i just randomly picked stuff and that's not the way to do it so you'll want to use a tool", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00109-00063984-00064376": "like tubebuddy which you can get absolutely free there'll be a link in the description", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00110-00064376-00064840": "also i have a course in the description it's a 97 course you can get it absolutely free all you", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00111-00064840-00065232": "have to do is click and learn so you do want to grab that too i really appreciate watching this", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00112-00065232-00065672": "video give me your comments below what are your statistics like what is your rpm what is your", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00113-00065672-00066176": "cpm okay let's see what it is maybe we get some comparisons going put that in the comment section", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00114-00066176-00066640": "below thank you so much for watching this video i really appreciate your time and attention each and", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00115-00066640-00067064": "every one of you who helped me grow this channel i really appreciate you don't forget if you haven't", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00116-00067064-00067504": "done so already make sure you subscribe a lot of you guys are new viewers make sure you hit that", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00117-00067504-00068048": "subscribe button down there don't forget also ring the bell turn on all bell notifications", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00118-00068048-00068616": "so you're notified each and every time i go live or i'd upload a video just like this that way you", "e7TxA7A5Cak-00119-00068616-00069872": "don't miss out thank you so much for watching the video and i'll see you in the next one"}}, {"audio_id": "e8fYBPTMfsM", "text": {"e8fYBPTMfsM-00000-00000247-00000368": "Psst", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00001-00000368-00000507": "Hey Kid..", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00002-00000507-00000648": "You want some caandy?", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00003-00000648-00000808": "Oh BOY would I?", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00004-00000808-00000858": "[snatch]", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00005-00000858-00000955": "ahhhhhhhhhh", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00006-00000955-00001155": "Stop! Innocent youth!", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00007-00001155-00001365": "Do not consume that POISON", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00008-00001365-00001504": "Eat these instead", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00009-00001504-00001681": "heyyy these are burnt!", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00010-00001681-00001750": "They're bullets.", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00011-00001750-00001800": "o h", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00012-00001800-00001906": "okay!", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00013-00001906-00002045": "ahhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00014-00002045-00002202": "Halt child of questionable age", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00015-00002202-00002266": "[pain]", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00016-00002266-00002513": "I am a registered sex offender.", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00017-00002513-00002672": "have some smarties.", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00018-00002672-00002749": "yay!", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00019-00002749-00002949": "ay whoa whoa whoa what's goin on here?", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00020-00002949-00002999": "I was here first bub", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00021-00002999-00003162": "Untrue!", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00022-00003162-00003401": "I have been camping out in this dumpster FOR 2 WEEKS", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00023-00003401-00003502": "yea okay, no one asked", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00024-00003502-00003618": "Oh no one asked did they?", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00025-00003618-00003705": "I mean I surely didn't ask-", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00026-00003705-00003797": "you wanna freaking go chico boy?", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00027-00003797-00003869": "WBSBSISNAIMW", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00028-00003869-00003980": "I CAN LITERALLY STEP ON YOU", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00029-00003980-00004072": "You know how many kidneys I", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00030-00004072-00004122": "[COUGH]", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00031-00004122-00004191": "Had to sell to get this", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00032-00004191-00004241": "[cancer]", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00033-00004241-00004291": "Candy?", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00034-00004291-00004411": "Hey can I have some candy?", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00035-00004461-00004511": "[d e a t h]", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00036-00004511-00004796": "real talk guys I haven't eaten in like.. 3 days", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00037-00004796-00004916": "I'll go with all 3 of you", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00038-00004916-00005037": "SKRRRRRT", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00039-00005037-00005219": "get in the back kid, we goin to mcdonalds", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00040-00005219-00005273": "FFFFUK", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00041-00005273-00005535": "YYEAAAAAAAAA", "e8fYBPTMfsM-00042-00006420-00006479": "booty cheeks"}}, {"audio_id": "e8i4wYlblou", "text": {"e8i4wYlblou-00000-00000652-00001166": "An estimated 1.4 billion people live in extreme poverty.", "e8i4wYlblou-00001-00001166-00001786": "With 0.8 billion of them malnourished, one human out of nine is suffering from hunger", "e8i4wYlblou-00002-00001786-00001952": "EVERY day!", "e8i4wYlblou-00003-00001952-00002425": "Only one US dollar per person per day is enough against the famine.", "e8i4wYlblou-00004-00002425-00003084": "Providing for all of these 1.4 billion people would require about 500 billion US dollars", "e8i4wYlblou-00005-00003084-00003225": "per year.", "e8i4wYlblou-00006-00003225-00003838": "If you compare this amount with the 1'700 billion US dollars of global military spending,", "e8i4wYlblou-00007-00003838-00004135": "they are three times as high!", "e8i4wYlblou-00008-00004135-00004644": "Saving one third of the military expenses would produce enough money for the starving", "e8i4wYlblou-00009-00004644-00005164": "people–not only for the delivery of food, but also for cultivating crops.", "e8i4wYlblou-00010-00005164-00005874": "It would be absolutuely possible to stop hunger globally by “Producing Food - Not Weapons.”"}}, {"audio_id": "e8DM4wJIPKc", "text": {"e8DM4wJIPKc-00000-00000441-00000670": "You are not wearing that!", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00001-00000670-00000945": "But this Era has the bubonic plague in it.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00002-00000945-00001237": "Kim!", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00003-00001237-00001458": "You'll be fine.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00004-00001458-00001683": "(Kim inhales, holds breath)", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00005-00001750-00001970": "(music playing)", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00006-00002370-00002733": "I'm Kim Lochner, and along with Colby Burnett,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00007-00002733-00003133": "we're introducing Era 5, the First Global Age.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00008-00003133-00003437": "In the last era, we saw that human societies", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00009-00003437-00003641": "and the networks that connect them,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00010-00003641-00004066": "can sometimes become strained and even collapse.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00011-00004066-00004500": "But that collapse is rarely complete or permanent.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00012-00004500-00004891": "Eventually, societies, states, and systems recover.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00013-00004891-00005141": "But sometimes what we call \"recovery\"", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00014-00005141-00005337": "is more of a \"transformation.\"", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00015-00005337-00005608": "In the 13th century, for example,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00016-00005608-00005945": "there was more trade along the Eurasian East-West axis", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00017-00005945-00006091": "than ever before.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00018-00006091-00006237": "There were few memories of a time", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00019-00006237-00006412": "when the Han Dynasty China--", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00020-00006412-00006620": "and then the Roman Empire-- collapsed.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00021-00006620-00006812": "A string of cities spread", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00022-00006812-00007175": "from the Sea of Japan through the Indian Ocean, the Red Sea,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00023-00007175-00007400": "the African and European Mediterranean,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00024-00007400-00007579": "and the Atlantic coast of Europe.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00025-00007579-00007858": "They traded goods, money, and ideas.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00026-00007858-00008045": "An overland trade route,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00027-00008045-00008320": "managed by the mighty Mongol Empire,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00028-00008320-00008633": "ensured order over much of this network.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00029-00008633-00008900": "However, in 1347", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00030-00008900-00009108": "this system collapsed as well.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00031-00009108-00009437": "The immediate cause was the bubonic plague,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00032-00009437-00009662": "a disease known as the Black Death.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00033-00009662-00009850": "It brought devastation and death", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00034-00009850-00010200": "along the very trade routes that had maintained the system.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00035-00010200-00010579": "Fortunately, Eurasian societies were able to recover", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00036-00010579-00010795": "from yet another collapse.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00037-00010795-00011012": "By the late 15th century,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00038-00011012-00011379": "trade among African, Asian, and European societies", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00039-00011379-00011512": "was again growing.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00040-00011512-00011820": "But the new system was different.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00041-00011820-00012158": "This time there was no great Mongol state,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00042-00012158-00012437": "no stabilizing force in the middle.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00043-00012437-00012862": "It was harder for Europeans to get the Asian luxury goods,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00044-00012862-00013195": "like silk and ceramics that they craved.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00045-00013195-00013425": "So, a small number of Europeans", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00046-00013425-00013608": "set off westward to try and find", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00047-00013608-00013916": "an alternative path to those goods.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00048-00013916-00014258": "In the process, they reached the Americas,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00049-00014258-00014529": "where they found another, smaller system of exchange", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00050-00014529-00014683": "already operating.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00051-00014683-00014954": "The coming together of these two systems--", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00052-00014954-00015200": "one American, the other Eurasian and African--", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00053-00015200-00015541": "has been called a turning point of world history.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00054-00015541-00015820": "Oceanic travel across the Atlantic", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00055-00015820-00016187": "and the Pacific connected these two separate networks", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00056-00016187-00016516": "to create the first truly global network--", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00057-00016516-00016691": "a world system.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00058-00016691-00016962": "Often called the Columbian Exchange,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00059-00016962-00017350": "it brought new economic challenges to different regions.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00060-00017350-00017575": "Production and distribution shifted", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00061-00017575-00018020": "as the exchange integrated new areas into the world system.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00062-00018020-00018225": "In response to the new connections,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00063-00018225-00018650": "there were opportunities, needs, and challenges.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00064-00018650-00018950": "People modified existing communities", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00065-00018950-00019137": "or established new ones.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00066-00019137-00019500": "They formed trans-continental, oceanic empires", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00067-00019500-00019737": "that strived to control the trade", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00068-00019737-00020025": "and territory of the new world system.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00069-00020025-00020420": "But just how dramatic were these changes?", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00070-00020420-00020720": "What made this new era distinctive,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00071-00020720-00021037": "and in what ways did things remain the same?", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00072-00021037-00021387": "How did people in different regions of this world system", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00073-00021387-00021670": "experience these changes?", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00074-00021670-00022083": "We can look at specific examples to answer these questions.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00075-00022083-00022312": "One important part of the Columbian Exchange", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00076-00022312-00022533": "was the city of Manila, in the Philippines.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00077-00022533-00022829": "Today, Manila is a city of 13 million people--", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00078-00022829-00023000": "one of the largest in the world.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00079-00023000-00023191": "But prior to the Columbian Exchange,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00080-00023191-00023370": "only a small town existed in the spot", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00081-00023370-00023541": "that would become Manila.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00082-00023541-00023837": "This town was the capital of the tiny state of Tondo.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00083-00023837-00023991": "It was a trading society", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00084-00023991-00024241": "with a small community of Chinese merchants.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00085-00024241-00024537": "They sold goods to local traders who traveled around the islands", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00086-00024537-00024791": "exchanging them for local products.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00087-00024791-00025029": "The inhabitants of the town followed many religions,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00088-00025029-00025266": "including Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00089-00025266-00025454": "Then, in the late 16th century,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00090-00025454-00025687": "Spanish conquistadors captured the region", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00091-00025687-00025862": "from local authorities.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00092-00025862-00026104": "The Spanish saw Manila as a convenient administrative center", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00093-00026104-00026275": "for ruling the surrounding islands.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00094-00026275-00026558": "But, more importantly, they hoped it would become a hub", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00095-00026558-00026812": "for the most important trade of all.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00096-00026812-00026962": "Through their oceanic travels,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00097-00026962-00027195": "the Spanish had discovered the way to acquire", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00098-00027195-00027500": "the Asian luxury goods that were so desired in Europe.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00099-00027500-00027825": "The route lay mainly across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00100-00027825-00027970": "and then through Spanish territories", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00101-00027970-00028108": "in what is now Mexico.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00102-00028108-00028329": "Next, it went across the Pacific to Manila,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00103-00028329-00028533": "where Chinese merchants would bring their silk", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00104-00028533-00028687": "and other goods for sale.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00105-00028687-00028895": "Fortunately for them, the Spanish had found", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00106-00028895-00029116": "what they could give in return for those luxury goods--", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00107-00029116-00029266": "silver.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00108-00029266-00029537": "In particular, silver mined in the Americas.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00109-00029537-00029737": "American silver revolutionized global trading", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00110-00029737-00029945": "in the era of the Columbian Exchange.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00111-00029945-00030195": "Much of the world was soon drawn into this system,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00112-00030195-00030545": "in which American silver bought Asian luxury goods", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00113-00030545-00030816": "for a growing European consumer class.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00114-00030816-00031037": "In this era, most of the silver in the world", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00115-00031037-00031216": "came from mines in Latin America.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00116-00031216-00031408": "These mines were owned by the Spanish", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00117-00031408-00031662": "and worked mainly by indigenous Americans", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00118-00031662-00031804": "and enslaved Africans.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00119-00031804-00031950": "In the 16th century,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00120-00031950-00032254": "these mines produced 17,000 tons of silver.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00121-00032254-00032379": "In the 17th century,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00122-00032379-00032654": "it had more than doubled to 37,000 tons.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00123-00032654-00032812": "In the 18th century,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00124-00032812-00033075": "it doubled again to 75,000 tons.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00125-00033075-00033304": "Most of this silver found its way to China.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00126-00033304-00033595": "A lot of it came through Europe, especially early in the era.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00127-00033595-00033779": "By the 18th century,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00128-00033779-00034141": "much of it was going directly from Latin America to Manila,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00129-00034141-00034320": "and from there to China.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00130-00034320-00034570": "In the midst of all this, Manila changed a lot--", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00131-00034570-00034708": "and fast.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00132-00034708-00034895": "Although it was already a commercial city", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00133-00034895-00035083": "and had been for hundreds of years,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00134-00035083-00035304": "its population now grew rapidly.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00135-00035304-00035516": "New communities-- made up of Europeans--", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00136-00035516-00035895": "joined the Chinese, Malay, and other local groups.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00137-00035895-00036141": "Christianity joined Islam, Hinduism,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00138-00036141-00036312": "and Buddhism in the city.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00139-00036312-00036587": "For many people, daily life hardly changed,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00140-00036587-00036916": "but others came under new laws, religious rules,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00141-00036916-00037083": "and economic systems.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00142-00037083-00037266": "These kinds of transformations happened", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00143-00037266-00037562": "in many parts of the world in the First Global Age.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00144-00037562-00037845": "The cumulative effects of the Columbian Exchange", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00145-00037845-00038104": "brought great prosperity to some regions", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00146-00038104-00038300": "and devastated others.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00147-00038300-00038591": "Some of these big changes can be seen in the demographic,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00148-00038591-00039058": "or population, shifts between 1200 and 1750.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00149-00039058-00039433": "In general, world population rose in this era,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00150-00039433-00039920": "from about 400 million people to almost 800 million.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00151-00039920-00040200": "But looking more closely at this growth,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00152-00040200-00040558": "we can see variation in how and where it happened.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00153-00040558-00040820": "While the world population was doubling,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00154-00040820-00041175": "there were also three massive demographic events", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00155-00041175-00041416": "resulting in decreased populations", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00156-00041416-00041720": "during the 550 years of this era.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00157-00041720-00042108": "The first of these I mentioned earlier, the Black Death,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00158-00042108-00042387": "which ravaged Eurasia and North Africa", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00159-00042387-00042529": "in the 14th century.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00160-00042529-00042750": "The plague killed somewhere between", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00161-00042750-00043304": "75 and 100 million people as it spread from east to west.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00162-00043304-00043675": "Populations recovered slowly in the years that followed.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00163-00043675-00044062": "The second massive demographic event was the Great Dying.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00164-00044062-00044358": "Europeans, arriving in the Americas,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00165-00044358-00044754": "brought with them diseases common to Eurasia and Africa,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00166-00044754-00044920": "but not to the Americas.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00167-00044920-00045183": "People of the Americas had little resistance", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00168-00045183-00045333": "to these diseases.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00169-00045333-00045520": "The evidence is uncertain,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00170-00045520-00045912": "but perhaps as many as 20 million people died", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00171-00045912-00046112": "from these epidemics.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00172-00046112-00046562": "The third demographic event was the Atlantic slaving system.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00173-00046562-00047083": "12 million Africans were enslaved and forcibly moved", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00174-00047083-00047445": "in the four centuries after about 1440.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00175-00047445-00047712": "The populations of some African regions", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00176-00047712-00047954": "significantly declined.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00177-00047954-00048254": "COLBY: Yet these demographic events, while devastating,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00178-00048254-00048566": "did not reverse global population growth overall.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00179-00048566-00048829": "To some degree, this was because the Columbian Exchange", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00180-00048829-00049183": "drove migration into areas where population had declined.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00181-00049183-00049425": "The settlement of the Americas by Europeans", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00182-00049425-00049675": "and enslaved Africans is one example.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00183-00049675-00049854": "But more important to population growth", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00184-00049854-00050000": "was how the Columbian Exchange", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00185-00050000-00050225": "brought together the food systems of the world", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00186-00050225-00050429": "to make more nutrition available.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00187-00050429-00050670": "Peruvian potatoes became a staple crop in Ireland,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00188-00050670-00050895": "and sweet potatoes spread rapidly in China.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00189-00050895-00051250": "Eurasian crops like wheat spread fast in the Americas.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00190-00051250-00051454": "But to people living in each of these regions,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00191-00051454-00051675": "these massive transformations were less important", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00192-00051675-00051908": "than their own individual experiences.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00193-00051908-00052204": "Bound together for the first time in a world system,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00194-00052204-00052545": "to what degree did they have similar experiences?", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00195-00052545-00052779": "Did some places change more than others?", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00196-00052779-00053025": "Did some people experience greater benefits,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00197-00053025-00053250": "or more harm, from these connections?", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00198-00053250-00053437": "These are the questions that you will encounter", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00199-00053437-00053604": "in the lessons ahead.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00200-00053604-00054033": "Historian J.H. Hexter once described other historians", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00201-00054033-00054370": "as either \"lumpers\" or \"splitters.\"", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00202-00054370-00054625": "Historians lump when they group events", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00203-00054625-00055012": "into large time periods and large processes,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00204-00055012-00055275": "such as this course's seven eras,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00205-00055275-00055508": "or our narrative frames.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00206-00055508-00055841": "And they split when they focus on separate events,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00207-00055841-00056141": "processes, or years-– such as the discussion", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00208-00056141-00056350": "we just had about the Black Death,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00209-00056350-00056641": "the Great Dying, and the African slaving system.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00210-00056641-00057016": "We believe that historians have an obligation", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00211-00057016-00057345": "to both lump and split.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00212-00057345-00057641": "As you study the events in this era,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00213-00057641-00058104": "be mindful of when we, and you, are grouping events together", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00214-00058104-00058541": "and what is gained and what is lost by lumping.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00215-00058541-00058791": "Be aware of when we, and you,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00216-00058791-00059108": "are treating events as separate and distinctive,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00217-00059108-00059500": "and what is gained and lost by such splitting.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00218-00059500-00059904": "And, finally, keep in mind what is gained and lost", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00219-00059904-00060258": "moving between the large general pictures of the past", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00220-00060258-00060591": "and the more specific pictures of the past.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00221-00060591-00060716": "I'm going to be honest,", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00222-00060716-00061004": "this era is a lot to process", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00223-00061004-00061137": "- (muffled): This plague stuff", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00224-00061137-00061475": "actually is creeping me out.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00225-00061475-00061662": "Here.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00226-00061983-00062220": "Oh, it-it's...", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00227-00062220-00062491": "it's expired.", "e8DM4wJIPKc-00228-00062679-00062916": "(music playing)"}}, {"audio_id": "e8V9d4ZTuy0", "text": {"e8V9d4ZTuy0-00000-00000003-00000456": "This has been Komi Gee with Cal TV entertainment and Russia has the same", "e8V9d4ZTuy0-00001-00000456-00000838": "surface area as Pluto.", "e8V9d4ZTuy0-00002-00001196-00001386": "Hello everyone my name is Komi Gee with CalTV", "e8V9d4ZTuy0-00003-00001386-00001776": "Entertainment and with midterms just over and finals right around the corner", "e8V9d4ZTuy0-00004-00001776-00002166": "I'm here to relieve some good old-fashioned Berkeley stress with some", "e8V9d4ZTuy0-00005-00002166-00002542": "new music and new artists that you might not have heard of.", "e8V9d4ZTuy0-00006-00002542-00002592": "Let's get started!", "e8V9d4ZTuy0-00007-00002684-00003075": "Now for our first artist a Chicago born jazz and rap musician called", "e8V9d4ZTuy0-00008-00003075-00003330": "No-name artist and yes that's actually her name.", "e8V9d4ZTuy0-00009-00003330-00003490": "Gained prominence in 2016 with", "e8V9d4ZTuy0-00010-00003497-00003834": "her first album called \"Telephone\" let's take a listen.", "e8V9d4ZTuy0-00011-00004758-00005136": "Our second musician an artist named Eddy de Pretto is a French based musician", "e8V9d4ZTuy0-00012-00005136-00005434": "singer, actor, and songwriter.", "e8V9d4ZTuy0-00013-00005434-00005673": "His song titled \"Random\" is a perfect mixture of", "e8V9d4ZTuy0-00014-00005673-00006028": "his melodic and rhythmic sounds- let's take a listen.", "e8V9d4ZTuy0-00015-00007093-00007468": "You're going to love this last artist if you're into soul music.", "e8V9d4ZTuy0-00016-00007468-00007808": "Some people compare James Vickery's voice to that of angels singing", "e8V9d4ZTuy0-00017-00007808-00008300": "Now his song titled \"Until Morning\" showcases his melodic and soulful", "e8V9d4ZTuy0-00018-00008300-00008524": "singing voice let's take a listen!", "e8V9d4ZTuy0-00019-00009824-00009992": "Now I hope you check out some of these artists!", "e8V9d4ZTuy0-00020-00009992-00010394": "You can find them on Pandora, Spotify, YouTube anywhere else you listen to", "e8V9d4ZTuy0-00021-00010394-00010830": "music. This has been Komi Gee with CalTV entertainment and enjoy the rest of your day."}}, {"audio_id": "e9oP0-nYpbc", "text": {"e9oP0-nYpbc-00000-00000567-00001219": "The couple sent out thank you cards to well-wishers on their engagement", "e9oP0-nYpbc-00001-00001336-00002009": "Letters follow same format as Duchess of Cambridge's birthday thank you cards", "e9oP0-nYpbc-00002-00002126-00003093": "Royal fans believe the 'Meghan effect' caused the Palace to break with tradition by writing on her behalf before she is officially a member of the royal family", "e9oP0-nYpbc-00003-00003210-00003918": "They sent royal fans into a frenzy after finally announcing their engagement last year.", "e9oP0-nYpbc-00004-00004035-00004901": "And now Prince Harry and Meghan Markle have delighted fans once again by sending out official thank you cards to their well-wishers", "e9oP0-nYpbc-00005-00005018-00006093": "After being inundated with handwritten notes and letters, the newly-betrothed couple posted thank you notes via Kensington Palace, saying that they were 'incredibly touched' by the reaction.", "e9oP0-nYpbc-00006-00006210-00007306": "The cards, which are now circulating on social media, feature the official Kensington Palace crest alongside a photo of the couple, and a short note thanking fans for their 'thoughtful' messages.", "e9oP0-nYpbc-00007-00007423-00007901": "Scroll down for video", "e9oP0-nYpbc-00008-00008018-00008852": "An image, shared on by the page 'Harry and Meghan Updates', shows the inlay of the card which reads: 'Prince Harry and Ms", "e9oP0-nYpbc-00009-00008969-00009820": "Meghan Markle were incredibly touched that you took the trouble to write as you did in connection to their forthcoming Wedding.", "e9oP0-nYpbc-00010-00009937-00010554": "'It really was most thoughtful of you and greatly appreciated", "e9oP0-nYpbc-00011-00010671-00011159": "His Royal Highness and Ms", "e9oP0-nYpbc-00012-00011276-00011886": "Markle send you their warmest thanks and very best wishes.'", "e9oP0-nYpbc-00013-00012003-00013194": "The image of the card, which was originally sent to Lauren Parkinson, was shared online alongside instructions on how royal fans could receive one themselves by writing to the couple at Kensington Palace or Clarence House.", "e9oP0-nYpbc-00014-00013311-00014316": "The message inside follows almost the exact same format as a card sent by the Duchess of Cambridge in February last year where she thanked fans for their birthday wishes.", "e9oP0-nYpbc-00015-00014433-00015218": "Kate also sent her 'warmest thanks and best wishes' and said she was 'touched' by the messages she received.", "e9oP0-nYpbc-00016-00015335-00016743": "Some fans have suggested the card represents a break with tradition as it is unusual for a non-royal's name to appear on official correspondence from the Palace - however, others pointed out that similar cards were sent out when the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge got engaged in 2010.", "e9oP0-nYpbc-00017-00016860-00017432": "Kensington Palace has been contacted for comment", "e9oP0-nYpbc-00018-00017549-00018313": "It is not the first time Harry, 33 and Meghan, 36, have personally thanked fans for their well wishes.", "e9oP0-nYpbc-00019-00018430-00019603": "When portraits from their official engagement shoot were released last month, the couple released a bonus 'candid' photo, thanking fans for the 'warm and generous messages they have received during such a happy time'."}}, {"audio_id": "e9wzqQv3zqI", "text": {"e9wzqQv3zqI-00000-00001318-00001518": "*Read the description*", "e9wzqQv3zqI-00001-00002044-00002172": "Now I'm close", "e9wzqQv3zqI-00002-00002172-00002273": "I can rescue Yanina,", "e9wzqQv3zqI-00003-00002273-00002373": "Unless..", "e9wzqQv3zqI-00004-00002544-00002726": "...Left one minutes", "e9wzqQv3zqI-00005-00002808-00003000": "¡I hate the last minute!", "e9wzqQv3zqI-00006-00003050-00003276": "Last Minute", "e9wzqQv3zqI-00007-00003454-00003688": "I want he dead!", "e9wzqQv3zqI-00008-00004748-00004974": "Damn! He will not win", "e9wzqQv3zqI-00009-00005560-00005890": "If you move, I kill her"}}, {"audio_id": "e9LNYPf93ZY", "text": {"e9LNYPf93ZY-00000-00000096-00000230": "WELCOME TO ALL HANDS UPDATE.", "e9LNYPf93ZY-00001-00000230-00000430": "HERE'S WHAT'S HAPPENING AROUND YOUR NAVY.", "e9LNYPf93ZY-00002-00000460-00000690": "NAVY COMMANDS WORLDWIDE OBSERVE EARTH DAY THROUGH", "e9LNYPf93ZY-00003-00000690-00000890": "EVENTS AND ACTIVITIES THAT DEMONSTRATE GOOD", "e9LNYPf93ZY-00004-00000890-00001091": "ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP AMONG SAILORS AND", "e9LNYPf93ZY-00005-00001091-00001191": "CIVILIANS.", "e9LNYPf93ZY-00006-00001191-00001388": "THE THEME FOR 2016, \"CREATING RESILIENCY", "e9LNYPf93ZY-00007-00001388-00001608": "AFLOAT AND ASHORE\", INFORMS US THAT PROTECTING", "e9LNYPf93ZY-00008-00001608-00001838": "THE ENVIRONMENT AND USING ENERGY WISELY HELPS US", "e9LNYPf93ZY-00009-00001838-00002038": "PERFORM OUR MISSION MORE EFFECTIVELY.", "e9LNYPf93ZY-00010-00002075-00002298": "IN RELATED NEWS, COMMANDS ACROSS EUROPE,", "e9LNYPf93ZY-00011-00002298-00002585": "AFRICA AND SOUTHWEST ASIA WORK TOGETHER TO REDUCE", "e9LNYPf93ZY-00012-00002585-00002786": "THE ENERGY USAGE AND CARBON FOOTPRINT OF ALL", "e9LNYPf93ZY-00013-00002786-00002986": "INSTALLATIONS THROUGHOUT THE REGION.", "e9LNYPf93ZY-00014-00002986-00003193": "INSTALLATIONS ACROSS THE REGION ARE INSTALLING AND", "e9LNYPf93ZY-00015-00003193-00003483": "UTILIZING SOLAR PANELS AND LED LIGHT FIXTURES ALONG", "e9LNYPf93ZY-00016-00003483-00003683": "WITH OTHER SOURCES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY.", "e9LNYPf93ZY-00017-00003683-00003957": "THIS SUPPORTS PRESIDENT BARAK OBAMA'S EXECUTIVE", "e9LNYPf93ZY-00018-00003957-00004220": "ORDER STATING THAT 25 PERCENT OF ALL ENERGY BE", "e9LNYPf93ZY-00019-00004220-00004457": "PROVIDED FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES BY 2025.", "e9LNYPf93ZY-00020-00004457-00004657": "YOU CAN READ MORE ABOUT WHAT'S HAPPENING AROUND", "e9LNYPf93ZY-00021-00004657-00004858": "YOUR NAVY AT NAVY.MIL."}}, {"audio_id": "e9cKLP2FAKQ", "text": {"e9cKLP2FAKQ-00000-00000000-00000300": "Welcome everyone come back to", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00001-00000300-00000527": "\"We can cook - Cùng vào bếp\" channel", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00002-00000559-00000861": "Today, WCC will guide a French Dessert", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00003-00000992-00001246": "Banana Flambe", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00005-00001472-00001790": "Today, We will make sugar art", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00007-00002073-00002395": "with 200gr sugar", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00008-00002414-00002748": "100ml water", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00011-00003504-00003604": "we mix sugar and water on the pan", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00016-00004681-00004995": "we cook mixture change brown color", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00048-00014183-00014279": "Ok after 5 minutes, sugar change brown color", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00055-00016354-00016635": "we will test with white color", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00057-00017057-00017269": "we place Parchment paper below", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00058-00017308-00017578": "and draw to your liking", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00080-00023815-00024075": "and the brown color", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00090-00027047-00027167": "and we will wait in 10-15 minutes", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00091-00027455-00027764": "until sugar art dry", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00093-00028053-00028336": "While waitting, we will make banana flambe with", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00094-00028336-00028605": "7-8 bananas", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00095-00028605-00028872": "20gr butter", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00097-00029109-00029376": "40gr sugar", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00098-00029376-00029673": "400gr orange", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00099-00029673-00029973": "20ml marnier (rhum) wine", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00105-00031436-00031536": "We use ripe orange for sweeter", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00110-00032629-00032918": "cut and take the orange juice", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00147-00046586-00046881": "Next, we also cut and peel the bananas", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00159-00052976-00053094": "Next, we will make orange sauce", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00161-00053566-00053856": "put the sugar", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00183-00060356-00060495": "and put 20ml wine", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00191-00062927-00063055": "now put the orange juice", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00198-00064603-00064703": "we cook the mixture thicken", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00200-00065238-00065556": "Now is the most beautiful stage", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00201-00065591-00065865": "we will banana flame", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00203-00066177-00066477": "First, we put the butter", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00207-00067401-00067731": "when the butter melts and the pan is hot", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00216-00070023-00070211": "we put the banana into", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00220-00071308-00071463": "and shake pan well", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00225-00072619-00072719": "Now we put the wine into pan", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00227-00073192-00073481": "Wow so amazing ^^", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00228-00073503-00073648": "Be careful! note to tilt the pan 45 degrees", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00231-00074231-00074514": "ok! it is done", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00233-00074729-00074932": "we decorate to enjoy now^^", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00241-00076961-00077217": "remember to put little butter for more delicious", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00256-00082403-00082503": "KK, WCC invite everyone a banana flambe", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00258-00082957-00083138": "with banana", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00259-00083235-00083335": "sugar art", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00260-00083373-00083668": "vani cream", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00261-00083677-00083777": "fresh fruit such", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00262-00083803-00084002": "blueberrry", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00263-00084054-00084154": "strawberry", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00264-00084184-00084464": "Golden melons", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00287-00091386-00091657": "It is so simple", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00288-00091657-00091927": "Everyone can make a dish for your family", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00289-00091927-00092182": "Good luck and have fun with this ^^", "e9cKLP2FAKQ-00290-00092254-00092393": "Remember to subscribe for new food!thanks everyone"}}, {"audio_id": "eqie6P2-EoA", "text": {"eqie6P2-EoA-00000-00000166-00000541": "Say you're an app developer and I gave you a way to send 10% of your revenue", "eqie6P2-EoA-00001-00000541-00000919": "directly to a charity of your choice every time someone bought your app. Because the", "eqie6P2-EoA-00002-00000919-00001350": "mobile app industry is so big, with over 25 billion dollars in revenue,", "eqie6P2-EoA-00003-00001350-00001670": "there's a great opportunity to contribute on a global level.", "eqie6P2-EoA-00004-00001670-00002304": "My idea, called Changeup, is an online marketplace that connects app developers with non-profits.", "eqie6P2-EoA-00005-00002304-00003040": "Changeup makes it easy for app developers to contribute a portion of their revenue to charities", "eqie6P2-EoA-00006-00003040-00003215": "they care about. Here's how it works: Say your app is used for planning and visualizing a garden.", "eqie6P2-EoA-00007-00003215-00003679": "You could connect it with SOIL, a foundation that provides compost for community gardens in Haiti.", "eqie6P2-EoA-00008-00003715-00004099": "A portion of each sale is contributed to that foundation.", "eqie6P2-EoA-00009-00004099-00004675": "A few lines of code later, and each new customer who opens the app can feel a connection to where", "eqie6P2-EoA-00010-00004675-00004803": "there money is going, and why it's going there.", "eqie6P2-EoA-00011-00004803-00005507": "How can we expect people to address a problem if they don't know it exists?", "eqie6P2-EoA-00012-00005507-00006000": "That connection is just as important as the contribution, and Changeup will help get us there."}}, {"audio_id": "eqyPs0jKwJ8", "text": {"eqyPs0jKwJ8-00000-00000000-00000050": "dabangg 3 shooting maheshwar", "eqyPs0jKwJ8-00001-00000050-00000100": "hud hud dabangg song shooting", "eqyPs0jKwJ8-00002-00000100-00000150": "salman khan sonakshi sinha", "eqyPs0jKwJ8-00003-00000150-00000200": "prabhu deva"}}, {"audio_id": "eqIBHA3ZudE", "text": {"eqIBHA3ZudE-00000-00000010-00000096": ">>Dennis: THE TOP PRO RACERS", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00001-00000096-00000103": ">>Dennis: THE TOP PRO RACERS", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00002-00000103-00000223": ">>Dennis: THE TOP PRO RACERS THAT WIN THIS EVENT COULD BE", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00003-00000223-00000230": ">>Dennis: THE TOP PRO RACERS THAT WIN THIS EVENT COULD BE", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00004-00000230-00000296": ">>Dennis: THE TOP PRO RACERS THAT WIN THIS EVENT COULD BE AWARDED UP TO $25,000.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00005-00000296-00000303": "THAT WIN THIS EVENT COULD BE AWARDED UP TO $25,000.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00006-00000303-00000567": "THAT WIN THIS EVENT COULD BE AWARDED UP TO $25,000. >>> IF YOU EVER NEED THE HELP OF", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00007-00000567-00000573": "AWARDED UP TO $25,000. >>> IF YOU EVER NEED THE HELP OF", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00008-00000573-00000700": "AWARDED UP TO $25,000. >>> IF YOU EVER NEED THE HELP OF LAW ENFORCEMENT, YOU WOULD WANT", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00009-00000700-00000707": ">>> IF YOU EVER NEED THE HELP OF LAW ENFORCEMENT, YOU WOULD WANT", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00010-00000707-00000857": ">>> IF YOU EVER NEED THE HELP OF LAW ENFORCEMENT, YOU WOULD WANT THEM TO BE IN SHAPE.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00011-00000857-00000864": "LAW ENFORCEMENT, YOU WOULD WANT THEM TO BE IN SHAPE.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00012-00000864-00000924": "LAW ENFORCEMENT, YOU WOULD WANT THEM TO BE IN SHAPE. HAYDEE CLOTTER TELLS US HOW", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00013-00000924-00000930": "THEM TO BE IN SHAPE. HAYDEE CLOTTER TELLS US HOW", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00014-00000930-00001017": "THEM TO BE IN SHAPE. HAYDEE CLOTTER TELLS US HOW CLEARWATER COUNTY IS PUTTING", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00015-00001017-00001024": "HAYDEE CLOTTER TELLS US HOW CLEARWATER COUNTY IS PUTTING", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00016-00001024-00001251": "HAYDEE CLOTTER TELLS US HOW CLEARWATER COUNTY IS PUTTING OFFICERS TO THE TEST.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00017-00001251-00001257": "CLEARWATER COUNTY IS PUTTING OFFICERS TO THE TEST.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00018-00001257-00001404": "CLEARWATER COUNTY IS PUTTING OFFICERS TO THE TEST. >> Reporter: AN OFFICER MAY BE", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00019-00001404-00001411": "OFFICERS TO THE TEST. >> Reporter: AN OFFICER MAY BE", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00020-00001411-00001574": "OFFICERS TO THE TEST. >> Reporter: AN OFFICER MAY BE DRIVING AROUND IN HIS SQUAD CAR", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00021-00001574-00001581": ">> Reporter: AN OFFICER MAY BE DRIVING AROUND IN HIS SQUAD CAR", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00022-00001581-00001725": ">> Reporter: AN OFFICER MAY BE DRIVING AROUND IN HIS SQUAD CAR FOR A FEW HOURS AND THE NEXT", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00023-00001725-00001731": "DRIVING AROUND IN HIS SQUAD CAR FOR A FEW HOURS AND THE NEXT", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00024-00001731-00001865": "DRIVING AROUND IN HIS SQUAD CAR FOR A FEW HOURS AND THE NEXT MINUTE HE'S ON FOOT IN A", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00025-00001865-00001871": "FOR A FEW HOURS AND THE NEXT MINUTE HE'S ON FOOT IN A", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00026-00001871-00001948": "FOR A FEW HOURS AND THE NEXT MINUTE HE'S ON FOOT IN A PURSUIT.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00027-00001948-00001955": "MINUTE HE'S ON FOOT IN A PURSUIT.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00028-00001955-00002052": "MINUTE HE'S ON FOOT IN A PURSUIT. ANYTHING CAN HAPPEN.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00029-00002052-00002058": "PURSUIT. ANYTHING CAN HAPPEN.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00030-00002058-00002192": "PURSUIT. ANYTHING CAN HAPPEN. THE CLEARWATER COUNTY SHERIFF", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00031-00002192-00002198": "ANYTHING CAN HAPPEN. THE CLEARWATER COUNTY SHERIFF", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00032-00002198-00002345": "ANYTHING CAN HAPPEN. THE CLEARWATER COUNTY SHERIFF DECIDED TO DO SOMETHING ABOUT IT", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00033-00002345-00002352": "THE CLEARWATER COUNTY SHERIFF DECIDED TO DO SOMETHING ABOUT IT", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00034-00002352-00002542": "THE CLEARWATER COUNTY SHERIFF DECIDED TO DO SOMETHING ABOUT IT SINCE BEING ELECTED IN 2015.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00035-00002542-00002549": "DECIDED TO DO SOMETHING ABOUT IT SINCE BEING ELECTED IN 2015.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00036-00002549-00002652": "DECIDED TO DO SOMETHING ABOUT IT SINCE BEING ELECTED IN 2015. >> WE'RE HOPING THIS WILL, YOU", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00037-00002652-00002659": "SINCE BEING ELECTED IN 2015. >> WE'RE HOPING THIS WILL, YOU", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00038-00002659-00002779": "SINCE BEING ELECTED IN 2015. >> WE'RE HOPING THIS WILL, YOU KNOW, GET THE DEPUTIES", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00039-00002779-00002786": ">> WE'RE HOPING THIS WILL, YOU KNOW, GET THE DEPUTIES", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00040-00002786-00003036": ">> WE'RE HOPING THIS WILL, YOU KNOW, GET THE DEPUTIES EXERCISING A LITTLE BIT MORE AND", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00041-00003036-00003043": "KNOW, GET THE DEPUTIES EXERCISING A LITTLE BIT MORE AND", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00042-00003043-00003303": "KNOW, GET THE DEPUTIES EXERCISING A LITTLE BIT MORE AND MAKE THEM HEALTHIER AND ALSO", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00043-00003303-00003309": "EXERCISING A LITTLE BIT MORE AND MAKE THEM HEALTHIER AND ALSO", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00044-00003309-00003403": "EXERCISING A LITTLE BIT MORE AND MAKE THEM HEALTHIER AND ALSO IT'S A RESPONSIBILITY I FEEL WE", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00045-00003403-00003410": "MAKE THEM HEALTHIER AND ALSO IT'S A RESPONSIBILITY I FEEL WE", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00046-00003410-00003690": "MAKE THEM HEALTHIER AND ALSO IT'S A RESPONSIBILITY I FEEL WE HAVE TO THE PEOPLE WE PROTECT", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00047-00003690-00003697": "IT'S A RESPONSIBILITY I FEEL WE HAVE TO THE PEOPLE WE PROTECT", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00048-00003697-00003857": "IT'S A RESPONSIBILITY I FEEL WE HAVE TO THE PEOPLE WE PROTECT AND SERVE, THAT WHEN WE SHOW UP", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00049-00003857-00003863": "HAVE TO THE PEOPLE WE PROTECT AND SERVE, THAT WHEN WE SHOW UP", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00050-00003863-00004050": "HAVE TO THE PEOPLE WE PROTECT AND SERVE, THAT WHEN WE SHOW UP ON A CALL, WE SHOULD BE ABLE TO", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00051-00004050-00004057": "AND SERVE, THAT WHEN WE SHOW UP ON A CALL, WE SHOULD BE ABLE TO", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00052-00004057-00004187": "AND SERVE, THAT WHEN WE SHOW UP ON A CALL, WE SHOULD BE ABLE TO PHYSICALLY DO THE JOB", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00053-00004187-00004194": "ON A CALL, WE SHOULD BE ABLE TO PHYSICALLY DO THE JOB", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00054-00004194-00004434": "ON A CALL, WE SHOULD BE ABLE TO PHYSICALLY DO THE JOB >> Reporter: ACCORDING TO", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00055-00004434-00004441": "PHYSICALLY DO THE JOB >> Reporter: ACCORDING TO", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00056-00004441-00004838": "PHYSICALLY DO THE JOB >> Reporter: ACCORDING TO SHERIFF HALVERSON, IT'S A WAY TO", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00057-00004838-00004844": ">> Reporter: ACCORDING TO SHERIFF HALVERSON, IT'S A WAY TO", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00058-00004844-00005004": ">> Reporter: ACCORDING TO SHERIFF HALVERSON, IT'S A WAY TO IMPROVE DEPUTIES AT THE", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00059-00005004-00005011": "SHERIFF HALVERSON, IT'S A WAY TO IMPROVE DEPUTIES AT THE", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00060-00005011-00005065": "SHERIFF HALVERSON, IT'S A WAY TO IMPROVE DEPUTIES AT THE SHERIFF'S OFFICE.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00061-00005065-00005071": "IMPROVE DEPUTIES AT THE SHERIFF'S OFFICE.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00062-00005071-00005221": "IMPROVE DEPUTIES AT THE SHERIFF'S OFFICE. IT WILL BE BASED ON AGE AND", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00063-00005221-00005228": "SHERIFF'S OFFICE. IT WILL BE BASED ON AGE AND", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00064-00005228-00005418": "SHERIFF'S OFFICE. IT WILL BE BASED ON AGE AND GENDER AND BEGIN THIS FALL.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00065-00005418-00005425": "IT WILL BE BASED ON AGE AND GENDER AND BEGIN THIS FALL.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00066-00005425-00005655": "IT WILL BE BASED ON AGE AND GENDER AND BEGIN THIS FALL. IT WILL INCLUDE PUSHUPS, SIT-UPS", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00067-00005655-00005662": "GENDER AND BEGIN THIS FALL. IT WILL INCLUDE PUSHUPS, SIT-UPS", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00068-00005662-00005792": "GENDER AND BEGIN THIS FALL. IT WILL INCLUDE PUSHUPS, SIT-UPS AND A RUN.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00069-00005792-00005799": "IT WILL INCLUDE PUSHUPS, SIT-UPS AND A RUN.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00070-00005799-00005962": "IT WILL INCLUDE PUSHUPS, SIT-UPS AND A RUN. >> WE'RE THINKING WE WOULD LIKE", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00071-00005962-00005969": "AND A RUN. >> WE'RE THINKING WE WOULD LIKE", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00072-00005969-00006216": "AND A RUN. >> WE'RE THINKING WE WOULD LIKE TO LOOK AT AN OBSTACLE COURSE,", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00073-00006216-00006222": ">> WE'RE THINKING WE WOULD LIKE TO LOOK AT AN OBSTACLE COURSE,", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00074-00006222-00006372": ">> WE'RE THINKING WE WOULD LIKE TO LOOK AT AN OBSTACLE COURSE, TOO, DOWN THE ROAD.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00075-00006372-00006379": "TO LOOK AT AN OBSTACLE COURSE, TOO, DOWN THE ROAD.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00076-00006379-00006543": "TO LOOK AT AN OBSTACLE COURSE, TOO, DOWN THE ROAD. TRY TO DO THINGS MORE PRACTICAL", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00077-00006543-00006549": "TOO, DOWN THE ROAD. TRY TO DO THINGS MORE PRACTICAL", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00078-00006549-00006743": "TOO, DOWN THE ROAD. TRY TO DO THINGS MORE PRACTICAL TO OUR JOB, THINGS WE MIGHT RUN", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00079-00006743-00006750": "TRY TO DO THINGS MORE PRACTICAL TO OUR JOB, THINGS WE MIGHT RUN", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00080-00006750-00006796": "TRY TO DO THINGS MORE PRACTICAL TO OUR JOB, THINGS WE MIGHT RUN INTO.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00081-00006796-00006803": "TO OUR JOB, THINGS WE MIGHT RUN INTO.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00082-00006803-00006940": "TO OUR JOB, THINGS WE MIGHT RUN INTO. >> Reporter: ANY OFFICERS", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00083-00006940-00006946": "INTO. >> Reporter: ANY OFFICERS", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00084-00006946-00007083": "INTO. >> Reporter: ANY OFFICERS STRUGGLING IN A CERTAIN AREA CAN", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00085-00007083-00007090": ">> Reporter: ANY OFFICERS STRUGGLING IN A CERTAIN AREA CAN", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00086-00007090-00007227": ">> Reporter: ANY OFFICERS STRUGGLING IN A CERTAIN AREA CAN LOOK FORWARD TO NEXT YEAR TO", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00087-00007227-00007233": "STRUGGLING IN A CERTAIN AREA CAN LOOK FORWARD TO NEXT YEAR TO", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00088-00007233-00007390": "STRUGGLING IN A CERTAIN AREA CAN LOOK FORWARD TO NEXT YEAR TO MAKE IMPROVEMENTS.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00089-00007390-00007397": "LOOK FORWARD TO NEXT YEAR TO MAKE IMPROVEMENTS.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00090-00007397-00007537": "LOOK FORWARD TO NEXT YEAR TO MAKE IMPROVEMENTS. >> THE RUN IS BASED ON TIME, HOW", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00091-00007537-00007544": "MAKE IMPROVEMENTS. >> THE RUN IS BASED ON TIME, HOW", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00092-00007544-00007754": "MAKE IMPROVEMENTS. >> THE RUN IS BASED ON TIME, HOW WE DO IT AND WE HAVE IT BASED ON", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00093-00007754-00007761": ">> THE RUN IS BASED ON TIME, HOW WE DO IT AND WE HAVE IT BASED ON", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00094-00007761-00008007": ">> THE RUN IS BASED ON TIME, HOW WE DO IT AND WE HAVE IT BASED ON A SCALE OF 50% TO 100% AND THE", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00095-00008007-00008014": "WE DO IT AND WE HAVE IT BASED ON A SCALE OF 50% TO 100% AND THE", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00096-00008014-00008191": "WE DO IT AND WE HAVE IT BASED ON A SCALE OF 50% TO 100% AND THE DIFFERENT TIME BRACKETS THAT YOU", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00097-00008191-00008198": "A SCALE OF 50% TO 100% AND THE DIFFERENT TIME BRACKETS THAT YOU", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00098-00008198-00008241": "A SCALE OF 50% TO 100% AND THE DIFFERENT TIME BRACKETS THAT YOU CAN MAKE.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00099-00008241-00008248": "DIFFERENT TIME BRACKETS THAT YOU CAN MAKE.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00100-00008248-00008408": "DIFFERENT TIME BRACKETS THAT YOU CAN MAKE. >> Reporter: AFTER HIS OR HER", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00101-00008408-00008415": "CAN MAKE. >> Reporter: AFTER HIS OR HER", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00102-00008415-00008628": "CAN MAKE. >> Reporter: AFTER HIS OR HER INITIAL HIRE, MOST OFFICERS ARE", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00103-00008628-00008635": ">> Reporter: AFTER HIS OR HER INITIAL HIRE, MOST OFFICERS ARE", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00104-00008635-00008852": ">> Reporter: AFTER HIS OR HER INITIAL HIRE, MOST OFFICERS ARE REQUIRED TO UNDERGO FITNESS", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00105-00008852-00008858": "INITIAL HIRE, MOST OFFICERS ARE REQUIRED TO UNDERGO FITNESS", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00106-00008858-00008988": "INITIAL HIRE, MOST OFFICERS ARE REQUIRED TO UNDERGO FITNESS TESTING, BUT IN WILL BENEFIT THE", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00107-00008988-00008995": "REQUIRED TO UNDERGO FITNESS TESTING, BUT IN WILL BENEFIT THE", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00108-00008995-00009119": "REQUIRED TO UNDERGO FITNESS TESTING, BUT IN WILL BENEFIT THE DEPARTMENT AND THE COMMUNITY.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00109-00009119-00009125": "TESTING, BUT IN WILL BENEFIT THE DEPARTMENT AND THE COMMUNITY.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00110-00009125-00009386": "TESTING, BUT IN WILL BENEFIT THE DEPARTMENT AND THE COMMUNITY. >> LET'S SAY, THERE'S A MEDICAL", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00111-00009386-00009392": "DEPARTMENT AND THE COMMUNITY. >> LET'S SAY, THERE'S A MEDICAL", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00112-00009392-00009506": "DEPARTMENT AND THE COMMUNITY. >> LET'S SAY, THERE'S A MEDICAL NEEDS HELP WITH SOMETHING, I", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00113-00009506-00009512": ">> LET'S SAY, THERE'S A MEDICAL NEEDS HELP WITH SOMETHING, I", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00114-00009512-00009716": ">> LET'S SAY, THERE'S A MEDICAL NEEDS HELP WITH SOMETHING, I WANT TO MAKE SURE OUR PEOPLE ARE", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00115-00009716-00009723": "NEEDS HELP WITH SOMETHING, I WANT TO MAKE SURE OUR PEOPLE ARE", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00116-00009723-00009883": "NEEDS HELP WITH SOMETHING, I WANT TO MAKE SURE OUR PEOPLE ARE UP TO THE TASK OF BEING ABLE TO", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00117-00009883-00009889": "WANT TO MAKE SURE OUR PEOPLE ARE UP TO THE TASK OF BEING ABLE TO", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00118-00009889-00010029": "WANT TO MAKE SURE OUR PEOPLE ARE UP TO THE TASK OF BEING ABLE TO PHYSICALLY DO THAT.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00119-00010029-00010036": "UP TO THE TASK OF BEING ABLE TO PHYSICALLY DO THAT.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00120-00010036-00010126": "UP TO THE TASK OF BEING ABLE TO PHYSICALLY DO THAT. >> Reporter: RESEARCH BEGAN", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00121-00010126-00010133": "PHYSICALLY DO THAT. >> Reporter: RESEARCH BEGAN", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00122-00010133-00010220": "PHYSICALLY DO THAT. >> Reporter: RESEARCH BEGAN LAST YEAR AND THE SHERIFF'S", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00123-00010220-00010226": ">> Reporter: RESEARCH BEGAN LAST YEAR AND THE SHERIFF'S", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00124-00010226-00010353": ">> Reporter: RESEARCH BEGAN LAST YEAR AND THE SHERIFF'S OFFICE SPOKE TO OTHER AGENCIES", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00125-00010353-00010360": "LAST YEAR AND THE SHERIFF'S OFFICE SPOKE TO OTHER AGENCIES", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00126-00010360-00010660": "LAST YEAR AND THE SHERIFF'S OFFICE SPOKE TO OTHER AGENCIES TO GET THEIR FEEDBACK.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00127-00010660-00010667": "OFFICE SPOKE TO OTHER AGENCIES TO GET THEIR FEEDBACK.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00128-00010667-00010904": "OFFICE SPOKE TO OTHER AGENCIES TO GET THEIR FEEDBACK. CHIEF DEPUTY RYAN TALKED ABOUT", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00129-00010904-00010910": "TO GET THEIR FEEDBACK. CHIEF DEPUTY RYAN TALKED ABOUT", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00130-00010910-00010970": "TO GET THEIR FEEDBACK. CHIEF DEPUTY RYAN TALKED ABOUT THE STANDARD.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00131-00010970-00010977": "CHIEF DEPUTY RYAN TALKED ABOUT THE STANDARD.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00132-00010977-00011167": "CHIEF DEPUTY RYAN TALKED ABOUT THE STANDARD. HE'S PREPARING FOR THE TEST.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00133-00011167-00011174": "THE STANDARD. HE'S PREPARING FOR THE TEST.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00134-00011174-00011331": "THE STANDARD. HE'S PREPARING FOR THE TEST. >> WE HAVE GYM MEMBERSHIPS WE", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00135-00011331-00011337": "HE'S PREPARING FOR THE TEST. >> WE HAVE GYM MEMBERSHIPS WE", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00136-00011337-00011518": "HE'S PREPARING FOR THE TEST. >> WE HAVE GYM MEMBERSHIPS WE OFFER OUT THERE IN THE COMMUNITY", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00137-00011518-00011524": ">> WE HAVE GYM MEMBERSHIPS WE OFFER OUT THERE IN THE COMMUNITY", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00138-00011524-00011678": ">> WE HAVE GYM MEMBERSHIPS WE OFFER OUT THERE IN THE COMMUNITY AND THEN A LOT OF US HAVE", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00139-00011678-00011684": "OFFER OUT THERE IN THE COMMUNITY AND THEN A LOT OF US HAVE", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00140-00011684-00011891": "OFFER OUT THERE IN THE COMMUNITY AND THEN A LOT OF US HAVE ALREADY STARTED PARTAKING IN 5K", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00141-00011891-00011898": "AND THEN A LOT OF US HAVE ALREADY STARTED PARTAKING IN 5K", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00142-00011898-00012112": "AND THEN A LOT OF US HAVE ALREADY STARTED PARTAKING IN 5K AND 10D RUNS FOR FUND-RAISERS.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00143-00012112-00012118": "ALREADY STARTED PARTAKING IN 5K AND 10D RUNS FOR FUND-RAISERS.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00144-00012118-00012218": "ALREADY STARTED PARTAKING IN 5K AND 10D RUNS FOR FUND-RAISERS. >> Reporter: THE TIME FOR NOW", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00145-00012218-00012225": "AND 10D RUNS FOR FUND-RAISERS. >> Reporter: THE TIME FOR NOW", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00146-00012225-00012338": "AND 10D RUNS FOR FUND-RAISERS. >> Reporter: THE TIME FOR NOW IS TO USE THE HIGH SCHOOL TO", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00147-00012338-00012345": ">> Reporter: THE TIME FOR NOW IS TO USE THE HIGH SCHOOL TO", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00148-00012345-00012549": ">> Reporter: THE TIME FOR NOW IS TO USE THE HIGH SCHOOL TO CONDUCT THE FITNESS TEST.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00149-00012549-00012555": "IS TO USE THE HIGH SCHOOL TO CONDUCT THE FITNESS TEST.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00150-00012555-00012736": "IS TO USE THE HIGH SCHOOL TO CONDUCT THE FITNESS TEST. HAYDEE CLOTTER, LAKELAND NEWS.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00151-00012736-00012742": "CONDUCT THE FITNESS TEST. HAYDEE CLOTTER, LAKELAND NEWS.", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00152-00012742-00012806": "CONDUCT THE FITNESS TEST. HAYDEE CLOTTER, LAKELAND NEWS. >>Dennis: TEN OFFICERS,", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00153-00012806-00012812": "HAYDEE CLOTTER, LAKELAND NEWS. >>Dennis: TEN OFFICERS,", "eqIBHA3ZudE-00154-00012812-00012886": "HAYDEE CLOTTER, LAKELAND NEWS. >>Dennis: TEN OFFICERS, INCLUDING SHERIFF HALVERSON,"}}, {"audio_id": "eqO21eVdqcy", "text": {"eqO21eVdqcy-00000-00000326-00000440": ">> HI EVERYONE.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00001-00000440-00000447": ">> HI EVERYONE.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00002-00000447-00000620": ">> HI EVERYONE. THANKS FOR JOINING US.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00003-00000620-00000627": ">> HI EVERYONE. THANKS FOR JOINING US.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00004-00000627-00000830": ">> HI EVERYONE. THANKS FOR JOINING US. >>> WE ARE LESS THAN 24 HOURS", "eqO21eVdqcy-00005-00000830-00000837": "THANKS FOR JOINING US. >>> WE ARE LESS THAN 24 HOURS", "eqO21eVdqcy-00006-00000837-00000940": "THANKS FOR JOINING US. >>> WE ARE LESS THAN 24 HOURS AWAY FROM THE FIRST PUCK", "eqO21eVdqcy-00007-00000940-00000947": ">>> WE ARE LESS THAN 24 HOURS AWAY FROM THE FIRST PUCK", "eqO21eVdqcy-00008-00000947-00001157": ">>> WE ARE LESS THAN 24 HOURS AWAY FROM THE FIRST PUCK DROP OF HOCKEY DAY, AND WHILE", "eqO21eVdqcy-00009-00001157-00001164": "AWAY FROM THE FIRST PUCK DROP OF HOCKEY DAY, AND WHILE", "eqO21eVdqcy-00010-00001164-00001227": "AWAY FROM THE FIRST PUCK DROP OF HOCKEY DAY, AND WHILE THE EVENT IS EXPECTED TO DRAW", "eqO21eVdqcy-00011-00001227-00001234": "DROP OF HOCKEY DAY, AND WHILE THE EVENT IS EXPECTED TO DRAW", "eqO21eVdqcy-00012-00001234-00001471": "DROP OF HOCKEY DAY, AND WHILE THE EVENT IS EXPECTED TO DRAW THOUSANDS, PARKING ON SITE WILL", "eqO21eVdqcy-00013-00001471-00001478": "THE EVENT IS EXPECTED TO DRAW THOUSANDS, PARKING ON SITE WILL", "eqO21eVdqcy-00014-00001478-00001534": "THE EVENT IS EXPECTED TO DRAW THOUSANDS, PARKING ON SITE WILL BE LIMITED.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00015-00001534-00001541": "THOUSANDS, PARKING ON SITE WILL BE LIMITED.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00016-00001541-00001608": "THOUSANDS, PARKING ON SITE WILL BE LIMITED. OUR JOSH PETERSON SHOWS US THE", "eqO21eVdqcy-00017-00001608-00001614": "BE LIMITED. OUR JOSH PETERSON SHOWS US THE", "eqO21eVdqcy-00018-00001614-00001678": "BE LIMITED. OUR JOSH PETERSON SHOWS US THE OPTIONS WHEN ATTENDING HOCKEY", "eqO21eVdqcy-00019-00001678-00001685": "OUR JOSH PETERSON SHOWS US THE OPTIONS WHEN ATTENDING HOCKEY", "eqO21eVdqcy-00020-00001685-00001871": "OUR JOSH PETERSON SHOWS US THE OPTIONS WHEN ATTENDING HOCKEY DAY.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00021-00001871-00001878": "OPTIONS WHEN ATTENDING HOCKEY DAY.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00022-00001878-00002058": "OPTIONS WHEN ATTENDING HOCKEY DAY. >> EXCITEMENT IS IN THE AIR AND", "eqO21eVdqcy-00023-00002058-00002065": "DAY. >> EXCITEMENT IS IN THE AIR AND", "eqO21eVdqcy-00024-00002065-00002298": "DAY. >> EXCITEMENT IS IN THE AIR AND THE ICE IS READY, AS FINISHING", "eqO21eVdqcy-00025-00002298-00002305": ">> EXCITEMENT IS IN THE AIR AND THE ICE IS READY, AS FINISHING", "eqO21eVdqcy-00026-00002305-00002555": ">> EXCITEMENT IS IN THE AIR AND THE ICE IS READY, AS FINISHING TOUCHES ARE MADE ON BEMIDJI'S", "eqO21eVdqcy-00027-00002555-00002562": "THE ICE IS READY, AS FINISHING TOUCHES ARE MADE ON BEMIDJI'S", "eqO21eVdqcy-00028-00002562-00002682": "THE ICE IS READY, AS FINISHING TOUCHES ARE MADE ON BEMIDJI'S HOCKEY DAY EXPERIENCE.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00029-00002682-00002689": "TOUCHES ARE MADE ON BEMIDJI'S HOCKEY DAY EXPERIENCE.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00030-00002689-00002842": "TOUCHES ARE MADE ON BEMIDJI'S HOCKEY DAY EXPERIENCE. THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE EXPECTED TO", "eqO21eVdqcy-00031-00002842-00002849": "HOCKEY DAY EXPERIENCE. THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE EXPECTED TO", "eqO21eVdqcy-00032-00002849-00002999": "HOCKEY DAY EXPERIENCE. THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE EXPECTED TO ATTEND, A PLAN TO HANDLE THE", "eqO21eVdqcy-00033-00002999-00003006": "THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE EXPECTED TO ATTEND, A PLAN TO HANDLE THE", "eqO21eVdqcy-00034-00003006-00003236": "THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE EXPECTED TO ATTEND, A PLAN TO HANDLE THE HIGH VOLUME WAS DESIGNED TO GET", "eqO21eVdqcy-00035-00003236-00003243": "ATTEND, A PLAN TO HANDLE THE HIGH VOLUME WAS DESIGNED TO GET", "eqO21eVdqcy-00036-00003243-00003453": "ATTEND, A PLAN TO HANDLE THE HIGH VOLUME WAS DESIGNED TO GET EVERYONE FROM POINT A TO POINT", "eqO21eVdqcy-00037-00003453-00003460": "HIGH VOLUME WAS DESIGNED TO GET EVERYONE FROM POINT A TO POINT", "eqO21eVdqcy-00038-00003460-00003483": "HIGH VOLUME WAS DESIGNED TO GET EVERYONE FROM POINT A TO POINT B.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00039-00003483-00003490": "EVERYONE FROM POINT A TO POINT B.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00040-00003490-00003676": "EVERYONE FROM POINT A TO POINT B. >> ONCE YOU CHOOSE A LOCATION,", "eqO21eVdqcy-00041-00003676-00003683": "B. >> ONCE YOU CHOOSE A LOCATION,", "eqO21eVdqcy-00042-00003683-00003873": "B. >> ONCE YOU CHOOSE A LOCATION, THEN YOU GET DOWN TO THE DETAILS", "eqO21eVdqcy-00043-00003873-00003880": ">> ONCE YOU CHOOSE A LOCATION, THEN YOU GET DOWN TO THE DETAILS", "eqO21eVdqcy-00044-00003880-00003957": ">> ONCE YOU CHOOSE A LOCATION, THEN YOU GET DOWN TO THE DETAILS BECAUSE TRAFFIC AND PARKING ARE", "eqO21eVdqcy-00045-00003957-00003963": "THEN YOU GET DOWN TO THE DETAILS BECAUSE TRAFFIC AND PARKING ARE", "eqO21eVdqcy-00046-00003963-00004084": "THEN YOU GET DOWN TO THE DETAILS BECAUSE TRAFFIC AND PARKING ARE A HUGE PART OF ANY EVENT.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00047-00004084-00004090": "BECAUSE TRAFFIC AND PARKING ARE A HUGE PART OF ANY EVENT.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00048-00004090-00004237": "BECAUSE TRAFFIC AND PARKING ARE A HUGE PART OF ANY EVENT. WHEN YOU HAVE AN EVENT OF THIS", "eqO21eVdqcy-00049-00004237-00004244": "A HUGE PART OF ANY EVENT. WHEN YOU HAVE AN EVENT OF THIS", "eqO21eVdqcy-00050-00004244-00004401": "A HUGE PART OF ANY EVENT. WHEN YOU HAVE AN EVENT OF THIS SIZE AND MAGNITUDE, IT IS", "eqO21eVdqcy-00051-00004401-00004407": "WHEN YOU HAVE AN EVENT OF THIS SIZE AND MAGNITUDE, IT IS", "eqO21eVdqcy-00052-00004407-00004437": "WHEN YOU HAVE AN EVENT OF THIS SIZE AND MAGNITUDE, IT IS CRITICAL.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00053-00004437-00004444": "SIZE AND MAGNITUDE, IT IS CRITICAL.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00054-00004444-00004557": "SIZE AND MAGNITUDE, IT IS CRITICAL. I THINK WE HAVE A REAL GOOD GAME", "eqO21eVdqcy-00055-00004557-00004564": "CRITICAL. I THINK WE HAVE A REAL GOOD GAME", "eqO21eVdqcy-00056-00004564-00004587": "CRITICAL. I THINK WE HAVE A REAL GOOD GAME PLAN.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00057-00004587-00004594": "I THINK WE HAVE A REAL GOOD GAME PLAN.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00058-00004594-00004714": "I THINK WE HAVE A REAL GOOD GAME PLAN. >> WHILE THERE APPEARS TO BE", "eqO21eVdqcy-00059-00004714-00004721": "PLAN. >> WHILE THERE APPEARS TO BE", "eqO21eVdqcy-00060-00004721-00004918": "PLAN. >> WHILE THERE APPEARS TO BE PLENTY OF PARKING HERE ON SITE", "eqO21eVdqcy-00061-00004918-00004924": ">> WHILE THERE APPEARS TO BE PLENTY OF PARKING HERE ON SITE", "eqO21eVdqcy-00062-00004924-00005038": ">> WHILE THERE APPEARS TO BE PLENTY OF PARKING HERE ON SITE AT HOCKEY DAY MINNESOTA PORTIONS", "eqO21eVdqcy-00063-00005038-00005045": "PLENTY OF PARKING HERE ON SITE AT HOCKEY DAY MINNESOTA PORTIONS", "eqO21eVdqcy-00064-00005045-00005191": "PLENTY OF PARKING HERE ON SITE AT HOCKEY DAY MINNESOTA PORTIONS OF THE LOT ARE ALREADY RESERVED,", "eqO21eVdqcy-00065-00005191-00005198": "AT HOCKEY DAY MINNESOTA PORTIONS OF THE LOT ARE ALREADY RESERVED,", "eqO21eVdqcy-00066-00005198-00005348": "AT HOCKEY DAY MINNESOTA PORTIONS OF THE LOT ARE ALREADY RESERVED, MEANING IF YOU WANT TO GUARANTEE", "eqO21eVdqcy-00067-00005348-00005355": "OF THE LOT ARE ALREADY RESERVED, MEANING IF YOU WANT TO GUARANTEE", "eqO21eVdqcy-00068-00005355-00005515": "OF THE LOT ARE ALREADY RESERVED, MEANING IF YOU WANT TO GUARANTEE YOURSELF A PARKING SPOT, IT IS", "eqO21eVdqcy-00069-00005515-00005522": "MEANING IF YOU WANT TO GUARANTEE YOURSELF A PARKING SPOT, IT IS", "eqO21eVdqcy-00070-00005522-00005652": "MEANING IF YOU WANT TO GUARANTEE YOURSELF A PARKING SPOT, IT IS BEST TO USE THE PARK AND RIDE", "eqO21eVdqcy-00071-00005652-00005658": "YOURSELF A PARKING SPOT, IT IS BEST TO USE THE PARK AND RIDE", "eqO21eVdqcy-00072-00005658-00005685": "YOURSELF A PARKING SPOT, IT IS BEST TO USE THE PARK AND RIDE OPTION.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00073-00005685-00005692": "BEST TO USE THE PARK AND RIDE OPTION.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00074-00005692-00005859": "BEST TO USE THE PARK AND RIDE OPTION. A SHUTTLE IS THE NUMBER ONE WAY", "eqO21eVdqcy-00075-00005859-00005865": "OPTION. A SHUTTLE IS THE NUMBER ONE WAY", "eqO21eVdqcy-00076-00005865-00005969": "OPTION. A SHUTTLE IS THE NUMBER ONE WAY TO GET HERE.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00077-00005969-00005975": "A SHUTTLE IS THE NUMBER ONE WAY TO GET HERE.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00078-00005975-00006306": "A SHUTTLE IS THE NUMBER ONE WAY TO GET HERE. THAT'S THE EASIEST AND BRING YOU", "eqO21eVdqcy-00079-00006306-00006312": "TO GET HERE. THAT'S THE EASIEST AND BRING YOU", "eqO21eVdqcy-00080-00006312-00006476": "TO GET HERE. THAT'S THE EASIEST AND BRING YOU TO THE MAIN GATE, DROP YOU RIGHT", "eqO21eVdqcy-00081-00006476-00006483": "THAT'S THE EASIEST AND BRING YOU TO THE MAIN GATE, DROP YOU RIGHT", "eqO21eVdqcy-00082-00006483-00006506": "THAT'S THE EASIEST AND BRING YOU TO THE MAIN GATE, DROP YOU RIGHT OFF.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00083-00006506-00006513": "TO THE MAIN GATE, DROP YOU RIGHT OFF.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00084-00006513-00006613": "TO THE MAIN GATE, DROP YOU RIGHT OFF. WE DO HAVE ON SITE PARKING", "eqO21eVdqcy-00085-00006613-00006619": "OFF. WE DO HAVE ON SITE PARKING", "eqO21eVdqcy-00086-00006619-00006770": "OFF. WE DO HAVE ON SITE PARKING AVAILABLE ALL THREE DAYS,", "eqO21eVdqcy-00087-00006770-00006776": "WE DO HAVE ON SITE PARKING AVAILABLE ALL THREE DAYS,", "eqO21eVdqcy-00088-00006776-00007020": "WE DO HAVE ON SITE PARKING AVAILABLE ALL THREE DAYS, LIMITED $20 PAID PARKING.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00089-00007020-00007027": "AVAILABLE ALL THREE DAYS, LIMITED $20 PAID PARKING.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00090-00007027-00007210": "AVAILABLE ALL THREE DAYS, LIMITED $20 PAID PARKING. >> THERE WILL BE TWO BUS LINES", "eqO21eVdqcy-00091-00007210-00007217": "LIMITED $20 PAID PARKING. >> THERE WILL BE TWO BUS LINES", "eqO21eVdqcy-00092-00007217-00007317": "LIMITED $20 PAID PARKING. >> THERE WILL BE TWO BUS LINES RUNNING AT SET TIMES BOTH", "eqO21eVdqcy-00093-00007317-00007323": ">> THERE WILL BE TWO BUS LINES RUNNING AT SET TIMES BOTH", "eqO21eVdqcy-00094-00007323-00007473": ">> THERE WILL BE TWO BUS LINES RUNNING AT SET TIMES BOTH THURSDAY AND FRIDAY AND THEN ALL", "eqO21eVdqcy-00095-00007473-00007480": "RUNNING AT SET TIMES BOTH THURSDAY AND FRIDAY AND THEN ALL", "eqO21eVdqcy-00096-00007480-00007564": "RUNNING AT SET TIMES BOTH THURSDAY AND FRIDAY AND THEN ALL DAY SATURDAY.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00097-00007564-00007570": "THURSDAY AND FRIDAY AND THEN ALL DAY SATURDAY.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00098-00007570-00007704": "THURSDAY AND FRIDAY AND THEN ALL DAY SATURDAY. THE BLUE LINE OFFERS THE PARK", "eqO21eVdqcy-00099-00007704-00007711": "DAY SATURDAY. THE BLUE LINE OFFERS THE PARK", "eqO21eVdqcy-00100-00007711-00007907": "DAY SATURDAY. THE BLUE LINE OFFERS THE PARK AND RIDE OPTION BEGINNING AT", "eqO21eVdqcy-00101-00007907-00007914": "THE BLUE LINE OFFERS THE PARK AND RIDE OPTION BEGINNING AT", "eqO21eVdqcy-00102-00007914-00008164": "THE BLUE LINE OFFERS THE PARK AND RIDE OPTION BEGINNING AT BEMIDJI STATE UNIVERSITY IN THE", "eqO21eVdqcy-00103-00008164-00008171": "AND RIDE OPTION BEGINNING AT BEMIDJI STATE UNIVERSITY IN THE", "eqO21eVdqcy-00104-00008171-00008311": "AND RIDE OPTION BEGINNING AT BEMIDJI STATE UNIVERSITY IN THE BANKS PARKING LOT THURSDAY AND", "eqO21eVdqcy-00105-00008311-00008318": "BEMIDJI STATE UNIVERSITY IN THE BANKS PARKING LOT THURSDAY AND", "eqO21eVdqcy-00106-00008318-00008561": "BEMIDJI STATE UNIVERSITY IN THE BANKS PARKING LOT THURSDAY AND FRIDAY FROM 5:15 UNTIL 12:30", "eqO21eVdqcy-00107-00008561-00008568": "BANKS PARKING LOT THURSDAY AND FRIDAY FROM 5:15 UNTIL 12:30", "eqO21eVdqcy-00108-00008568-00008588": "BANKS PARKING LOT THURSDAY AND FRIDAY FROM 5:15 UNTIL 12:30 A.M.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00109-00008588-00008595": "FRIDAY FROM 5:15 UNTIL 12:30 A.M.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00110-00008595-00008822": "FRIDAY FROM 5:15 UNTIL 12:30 A.M. OR TRAVEL WEST AND PICK UP A", "eqO21eVdqcy-00111-00008822-00008828": "A.M. OR TRAVEL WEST AND PICK UP A", "eqO21eVdqcy-00112-00008828-00008935": "A.M. OR TRAVEL WEST AND PICK UP A SHUTTLE AT THE UNIVERSITY", "eqO21eVdqcy-00113-00008935-00008942": "OR TRAVEL WEST AND PICK UP A SHUTTLE AT THE UNIVERSITY", "eqO21eVdqcy-00114-00008942-00009095": "OR TRAVEL WEST AND PICK UP A SHUTTLE AT THE UNIVERSITY HEIGHTS LOT NEAR THE", "eqO21eVdqcy-00115-00009095-00009102": "SHUTTLE AT THE UNIVERSITY HEIGHTS LOT NEAR THE", "eqO21eVdqcy-00116-00009102-00009279": "SHUTTLE AT THE UNIVERSITY HEIGHTS LOT NEAR THE INTERSECTION OF 15TH STREET AND", "eqO21eVdqcy-00117-00009279-00009285": "HEIGHTS LOT NEAR THE INTERSECTION OF 15TH STREET AND", "eqO21eVdqcy-00118-00009285-00009462": "HEIGHTS LOT NEAR THE INTERSECTION OF 15TH STREET AND MINNESOTA AVENUE.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00119-00009462-00009469": "INTERSECTION OF 15TH STREET AND MINNESOTA AVENUE.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00120-00009469-00009606": "INTERSECTION OF 15TH STREET AND MINNESOTA AVENUE. SHUTTLES WILL ALSO TRAVEL DOWN", "eqO21eVdqcy-00121-00009606-00009612": "MINNESOTA AVENUE. SHUTTLES WILL ALSO TRAVEL DOWN", "eqO21eVdqcy-00122-00009612-00009863": "MINNESOTA AVENUE. SHUTTLES WILL ALSO TRAVEL DOWN MINNESOTA AND DROP OFF AND PICK", "eqO21eVdqcy-00123-00009863-00009869": "SHUTTLES WILL ALSO TRAVEL DOWN MINNESOTA AND DROP OFF AND PICK", "eqO21eVdqcy-00124-00009869-00010073": "SHUTTLES WILL ALSO TRAVEL DOWN MINNESOTA AND DROP OFF AND PICK UP AT 209 IN DOWNTOWN BEMIDJI", "eqO21eVdqcy-00125-00010073-00010080": "MINNESOTA AND DROP OFF AND PICK UP AT 209 IN DOWNTOWN BEMIDJI", "eqO21eVdqcy-00126-00010080-00010310": "MINNESOTA AND DROP OFF AND PICK UP AT 209 IN DOWNTOWN BEMIDJI BEFORE HEADING OVER TO THE", "eqO21eVdqcy-00127-00010310-00010316": "UP AT 209 IN DOWNTOWN BEMIDJI BEFORE HEADING OVER TO THE", "eqO21eVdqcy-00128-00010316-00010460": "UP AT 209 IN DOWNTOWN BEMIDJI BEFORE HEADING OVER TO THE SANFORD CENTER AT THE SITE OF", "eqO21eVdqcy-00129-00010460-00010467": "BEFORE HEADING OVER TO THE SANFORD CENTER AT THE SITE OF", "eqO21eVdqcy-00130-00010467-00010597": "BEFORE HEADING OVER TO THE SANFORD CENTER AT THE SITE OF HOCKEY DAY MINNESOTA.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00131-00010597-00010603": "SANFORD CENTER AT THE SITE OF HOCKEY DAY MINNESOTA.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00132-00010603-00010770": "SANFORD CENTER AT THE SITE OF HOCKEY DAY MINNESOTA. BUT OTHER RESTAURANTS AND HOTELS", "eqO21eVdqcy-00133-00010770-00010777": "HOCKEY DAY MINNESOTA. BUT OTHER RESTAURANTS AND HOTELS", "eqO21eVdqcy-00134-00010777-00010927": "HOCKEY DAY MINNESOTA. BUT OTHER RESTAURANTS AND HOTELS WILL BE OFFERING SHUTTLE", "eqO21eVdqcy-00135-00010927-00010934": "BUT OTHER RESTAURANTS AND HOTELS WILL BE OFFERING SHUTTLE", "eqO21eVdqcy-00136-00010934-00011000": "BUT OTHER RESTAURANTS AND HOTELS WILL BE OFFERING SHUTTLE SERVICES AS WELL.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00137-00011000-00011007": "WILL BE OFFERING SHUTTLE SERVICES AS WELL.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00138-00011007-00011137": "WILL BE OFFERING SHUTTLE SERVICES AS WELL. >> WANT TO GET A LOT OF PEOPLE", "eqO21eVdqcy-00139-00011137-00011144": "SERVICES AS WELL. >> WANT TO GET A LOT OF PEOPLE", "eqO21eVdqcy-00140-00011144-00011264": "SERVICES AS WELL. >> WANT TO GET A LOT OF PEOPLE BACK AND FORTH BETWEEN DOWNTOWN", "eqO21eVdqcy-00141-00011264-00011271": ">> WANT TO GET A LOT OF PEOPLE BACK AND FORTH BETWEEN DOWNTOWN", "eqO21eVdqcy-00142-00011271-00011478": ">> WANT TO GET A LOT OF PEOPLE BACK AND FORTH BETWEEN DOWNTOWN AND THE SANFORD CENTER, WITH THE", "eqO21eVdqcy-00143-00011478-00011484": "BACK AND FORTH BETWEEN DOWNTOWN AND THE SANFORD CENTER, WITH THE", "eqO21eVdqcy-00144-00011484-00011648": "BACK AND FORTH BETWEEN DOWNTOWN AND THE SANFORD CENTER, WITH THE PARKING TOO, IT IS GOING TO HELP", "eqO21eVdqcy-00145-00011648-00011654": "AND THE SANFORD CENTER, WITH THE PARKING TOO, IT IS GOING TO HELP", "eqO21eVdqcy-00146-00011654-00011838": "AND THE SANFORD CENTER, WITH THE PARKING TOO, IT IS GOING TO HELP OUT A LOT HAVING THAT", "eqO21eVdqcy-00147-00011838-00011845": "PARKING TOO, IT IS GOING TO HELP OUT A LOT HAVING THAT", "eqO21eVdqcy-00148-00011845-00011885": "PARKING TOO, IT IS GOING TO HELP OUT A LOT HAVING THAT TRANSPORTATION.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00149-00011885-00011891": "OUT A LOT HAVING THAT TRANSPORTATION.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00150-00011891-00012025": "OUT A LOT HAVING THAT TRANSPORTATION. >> WITH THE CLOCK WINDING DOWN,", "eqO21eVdqcy-00151-00012025-00012032": "TRANSPORTATION. >> WITH THE CLOCK WINDING DOWN,", "eqO21eVdqcy-00152-00012032-00012142": "TRANSPORTATION. >> WITH THE CLOCK WINDING DOWN, THE BEST RECOMMENDATION FROM", "eqO21eVdqcy-00153-00012142-00012148": ">> WITH THE CLOCK WINDING DOWN, THE BEST RECOMMENDATION FROM", "eqO21eVdqcy-00154-00012148-00012298": ">> WITH THE CLOCK WINDING DOWN, THE BEST RECOMMENDATION FROM HOCKEY DAY ORGANIZERS IS TO PLAN", "eqO21eVdqcy-00155-00012298-00012305": "THE BEST RECOMMENDATION FROM HOCKEY DAY ORGANIZERS IS TO PLAN", "eqO21eVdqcy-00156-00012305-00012492": "THE BEST RECOMMENDATION FROM HOCKEY DAY ORGANIZERS IS TO PLAN AHEAD AND BE PREPARED.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00157-00012492-00012499": "HOCKEY DAY ORGANIZERS IS TO PLAN AHEAD AND BE PREPARED.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00158-00012499-00012669": "HOCKEY DAY ORGANIZERS IS TO PLAN AHEAD AND BE PREPARED. >> IT'S DEFINITELY OUR", "eqO21eVdqcy-00159-00012669-00012675": "AHEAD AND BE PREPARED. >> IT'S DEFINITELY OUR", "eqO21eVdqcy-00160-00012675-00012782": "AHEAD AND BE PREPARED. >> IT'S DEFINITELY OUR RECOMMENDATION IS TO TAKE A", "eqO21eVdqcy-00161-00012782-00012789": ">> IT'S DEFINITELY OUR RECOMMENDATION IS TO TAKE A", "eqO21eVdqcy-00162-00012789-00012816": ">> IT'S DEFINITELY OUR RECOMMENDATION IS TO TAKE A SHUTTLE.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00163-00012816-00012822": "RECOMMENDATION IS TO TAKE A SHUTTLE.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00164-00012822-00012952": "RECOMMENDATION IS TO TAKE A SHUTTLE. IT WILL BRING YOU RIGHT TO THE", "eqO21eVdqcy-00165-00012952-00012959": "SHUTTLE. IT WILL BRING YOU RIGHT TO THE", "eqO21eVdqcy-00166-00012959-00013199": "SHUTTLE. IT WILL BRING YOU RIGHT TO THE FRONT DOOR, DROP YOU OFF, IN A", "eqO21eVdqcy-00167-00013199-00013206": "IT WILL BRING YOU RIGHT TO THE FRONT DOOR, DROP YOU OFF, IN A", "eqO21eVdqcy-00168-00013206-00013306": "IT WILL BRING YOU RIGHT TO THE FRONT DOOR, DROP YOU OFF, IN A HEATED BUS OBVIOUSLY, AND THEN", "eqO21eVdqcy-00169-00013306-00013313": "FRONT DOOR, DROP YOU OFF, IN A HEATED BUS OBVIOUSLY, AND THEN", "eqO21eVdqcy-00170-00013313-00013446": "FRONT DOOR, DROP YOU OFF, IN A HEATED BUS OBVIOUSLY, AND THEN YOU GET DROPPED OFF, AND THEN", "eqO21eVdqcy-00171-00013446-00013453": "HEATED BUS OBVIOUSLY, AND THEN YOU GET DROPPED OFF, AND THEN", "eqO21eVdqcy-00172-00013453-00013550": "HEATED BUS OBVIOUSLY, AND THEN YOU GET DROPPED OFF, AND THEN YOU COME RIGHT BACK OUT AND", "eqO21eVdqcy-00173-00013550-00013556": "YOU GET DROPPED OFF, AND THEN YOU COME RIGHT BACK OUT AND", "eqO21eVdqcy-00174-00013556-00013660": "YOU GET DROPPED OFF, AND THEN YOU COME RIGHT BACK OUT AND LEAVE WHEN YOU WANT.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00175-00013660-00013666": "YOU COME RIGHT BACK OUT AND LEAVE WHEN YOU WANT.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00176-00013666-00013787": "YOU COME RIGHT BACK OUT AND LEAVE WHEN YOU WANT. THEY WILL PICK YOU UP AND BRING", "eqO21eVdqcy-00177-00013787-00013793": "LEAVE WHEN YOU WANT. THEY WILL PICK YOU UP AND BRING", "eqO21eVdqcy-00178-00013793-00013863": "LEAVE WHEN YOU WANT. THEY WILL PICK YOU UP AND BRING YOU RIGHT BACK TO YOUR CAR.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00179-00013863-00013870": "THEY WILL PICK YOU UP AND BRING YOU RIGHT BACK TO YOUR CAR.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00180-00013870-00013917": "THEY WILL PICK YOU UP AND BRING YOU RIGHT BACK TO YOUR CAR. YOU RIGHT BACK TO YOUR CAR.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00181-00013917-00013923": "YOU RIGHT BACK TO YOUR CAR. YOU RIGHT BACK TO YOUR CAR.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00182-00013923-00014023": "YOU RIGHT BACK TO YOUR CAR. YOU RIGHT BACK TO YOUR CAR. >> IN BEMIDJI, JOSH PETERSON,", "eqO21eVdqcy-00183-00014023-00014030": "YOU RIGHT BACK TO YOUR CAR. >> IN BEMIDJI, JOSH PETERSON,", "eqO21eVdqcy-00184-00014030-00014347": "YOU RIGHT BACK TO YOUR CAR. >> IN BEMIDJI, JOSH PETERSON, LAKELAND NEWS.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00185-00014347-00014354": ">> IN BEMIDJI, JOSH PETERSON, LAKELAND NEWS.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00186-00014354-00014667": ">> IN BEMIDJI, JOSH PETERSON, LAKELAND NEWS. >> HERE IS A LIVE LOOK FROM OUR", "eqO21eVdqcy-00187-00014667-00014674": "LAKELAND NEWS. >> HERE IS A LIVE LOOK FROM OUR", "eqO21eVdqcy-00188-00014674-00014741": "LAKELAND NEWS. >> HERE IS A LIVE LOOK FROM OUR TOWER CAM AT THE SITE OF HOCKEY", "eqO21eVdqcy-00189-00014741-00014747": ">> HERE IS A LIVE LOOK FROM OUR TOWER CAM AT THE SITE OF HOCKEY", "eqO21eVdqcy-00190-00014747-00014881": ">> HERE IS A LIVE LOOK FROM OUR TOWER CAM AT THE SITE OF HOCKEY DAY MINNESOTA.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00191-00014881-00014888": "TOWER CAM AT THE SITE OF HOCKEY DAY MINNESOTA.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00192-00014888-00015038": "TOWER CAM AT THE SITE OF HOCKEY DAY MINNESOTA. COMMITTEE MEMBERS ARE STILL ON", "eqO21eVdqcy-00193-00015038-00015044": "DAY MINNESOTA. COMMITTEE MEMBERS ARE STILL ON", "eqO21eVdqcy-00194-00015044-00015258": "DAY MINNESOTA. COMMITTEE MEMBERS ARE STILL ON SITE MAKING SOME LAST-MINUTE", "eqO21eVdqcy-00195-00015258-00015265": "COMMITTEE MEMBERS ARE STILL ON SITE MAKING SOME LAST-MINUTE", "eqO21eVdqcy-00196-00015265-00015495": "COMMITTEE MEMBERS ARE STILL ON SITE MAKING SOME LAST-MINUTE FINISHING TOUCHES.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00197-00015495-00015502": "SITE MAKING SOME LAST-MINUTE FINISHING TOUCHES.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00198-00015502-00015575": "SITE MAKING SOME LAST-MINUTE FINISHING TOUCHES. WE WILL BE LIVE TOMORROW NIGHT", "eqO21eVdqcy-00199-00015575-00015582": "FINISHING TOUCHES. WE WILL BE LIVE TOMORROW NIGHT", "eqO21eVdqcy-00200-00015582-00015698": "FINISHING TOUCHES. WE WILL BE LIVE TOMORROW NIGHT WITH PORTIONS OF OUR NEWSCAST", "eqO21eVdqcy-00201-00015698-00015705": "WE WILL BE LIVE TOMORROW NIGHT WITH PORTIONS OF OUR NEWSCAST", "eqO21eVdqcy-00202-00015705-00015865": "WE WILL BE LIVE TOMORROW NIGHT WITH PORTIONS OF OUR NEWSCAST FROM THE SITE.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00203-00015865-00015872": "WITH PORTIONS OF OUR NEWSCAST FROM THE SITE.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00204-00015872-00016022": "WITH PORTIONS OF OUR NEWSCAST FROM THE SITE. THE FIRST PUCK DROPS TOMORROW", "eqO21eVdqcy-00205-00016022-00016029": "FROM THE SITE. THE FIRST PUCK DROPS TOMORROW", "eqO21eVdqcy-00206-00016029-00016189": "FROM THE SITE. THE FIRST PUCK DROPS TOMORROW NIGHT AT 7:00.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00207-00016189-00016196": "THE FIRST PUCK DROPS TOMORROW NIGHT AT 7:00.", "eqO21eVdqcy-00208-00016196-00016359": "THE FIRST PUCK DROPS TOMORROW NIGHT AT 7:00. FOR A MAP AND SCHEDULE OF THE", "eqO21eVdqcy-00209-00016359-00016366": "NIGHT AT 7:00. FOR A MAP AND SCHEDULE OF THE", "eqO21eVdqcy-00210-00016366-00016516": "NIGHT AT 7:00. FOR A MAP AND SCHEDULE OF THE PARK AND RIDE ROUTES AND A LINK", "eqO21eVdqcy-00211-00016516-00016523": "FOR A MAP AND SCHEDULE OF THE PARK AND RIDE ROUTES AND A LINK", "eqO21eVdqcy-00212-00016523-00016663": "FOR A MAP AND SCHEDULE OF THE PARK AND RIDE ROUTES AND A LINK TO OUR LIVE TOWER CAM, YOU CAN"}}, {"audio_id": "ersDvk_4IBE", "text": {"ersDvk_4IBE-00000-00000544-00000888": "What's going guys? Bendji D. here from Get Fixed and today i'll be teaching you how to", "ersDvk_4IBE-00001-00000888-00001195": "fix any Apple device that is stuck on the endless bootloop.", "ersDvk_4IBE-00002-00001195-00001666": "Now what is a bootloop. It is when your iPhone, iPod, or iPad is stuck in a Apple booting", "ersDvk_4IBE-00003-00001666-00002009": "logo and continues to reboot without your permission.", "ersDvk_4IBE-00004-00002009-00002396": "Here's how to fix it. Hold the power and home button at the same time until the device reboots", "ersDvk_4IBE-00005-00002396-00002534": "and shows the Apple logo.", "ersDvk_4IBE-00006-00002534-00002839": "That should be it. IF this video helped you in any ways, be sure to give this video a", "ersDvk_4IBE-00007-00002839-00002900": "thumbs up.", "ersDvk_4IBE-00008-00002900-00003347": "If the same issue persist. Try setting the device to DFU mode in order to restore your", "ersDvk_4IBE-00009-00003347-00003373": "device.", "ersDvk_4IBE-00010-00003373-00003807": "If you'd like to see anymore videos of this nature, definitely hit here to subscribe and", "ersDvk_4IBE-00011-00003807-00003903": "I'll catch you in the next one.", "ersDvk_4IBE-00012-00003903-00004344": "And be sure to check out my boy JerryRigEverything. He is better than me at doing everything and", "ersDvk_4IBE-00013-00004344-00004792": "that includes phone repair, car repairs, maybe even tech reviews don't quote me on that though.", "ersDvk_4IBE-00014-00004792-00005128": "Anyways guys. Bendji D. here from Get Fixed and. I'm out.", "ersDvk_4IBE-00015-00005128-00005215": "Peace."}}, {"audio_id": "erD2EgbAr4A", "text": {"erD2EgbAr4A-00000-00002703-00003153": "DDoch cannot join due to personal reason, because of that, Micol only will be in the video for a while.", "erD2EgbAr4A-00001-00007816-00007943": "Who’s there?", "erD2EgbAr4A-00002-00008680-00008780": "What thhe f***!", "erD2EgbAr4A-00003-00009356-00009453": "Who’s that?", "erD2EgbAr4A-00004-00010486-00010590": "Anybody in there?", "erD2EgbAr4A-00005-00011180-00011293": "Who’s there?", "erD2EgbAr4A-00006-00011730-00011980": "Focus on the door!", "erD2EgbAr4A-00007-00017113-00017253": "Where are you~?", "erD2EgbAr4A-00008-00017553-00017700": "Hello~?", "erD2EgbAr4A-00009-00018603-00018753": "I know you’re in there", "erD2EgbAr4A-00010-00019196-00019336": "I know you’re still there!", "erD2EgbAr4A-00011-00023420-00023523": "Is that human..?", "erD2EgbAr4A-00012-00023820-00023910": "Stop!", "erD2EgbAr4A-00013-00024110-00024213": "Stop doing like that!", "erD2EgbAr4A-00014-00024526-00024660": "I said stop it.", "erD2EgbAr4A-00015-00024903-00025210": "Okay, you’re in there?", "erD2EgbAr4A-00016-00025766-00025930": "I said stop that,", "erD2EgbAr4A-00017-00027723-00027836": "Got you..", "erD2EgbAr4A-00018-00028213-00028416": "Focus on that! Don’t even blink your eyes.", "erD2EgbAr4A-00019-00028493-00028623": "Don’t yawn too.", "erD2EgbAr4A-00020-00028743-00029213": "You guys trust me also? I think there’s something.", "erD2EgbAr4A-00021-00029946-00030050": "There is.", "erD2EgbAr4A-00022-00030676-00030913": "Here is so much strong..", "erD2EgbAr4A-00023-00031990-00032239": "Focus on the dust bin!", "erD2EgbAr4A-00024-00032386-00032516": "What the heck is that?", "erD2EgbAr4A-00025-00034820-00034890": "come on out.", "erD2EgbAr4A-00026-00035323-00035410": "Come on!", "erD2EgbAr4A-00027-00035786-00035920": "Come on out,", "erD2EgbAr4A-00028-00037240-00037486": "It’s coming! Coming!", "erD2EgbAr4A-00029-00037600-00037870": "Wait, wait...", "erD2EgbAr4A-00030-00038260-00038430": "Wait.. It’s...", "erD2EgbAr4A-00031-00040866-00040990": "I should get back for now...", "erD2EgbAr4A-00032-00041186-00041323": "Where most nearest from the exit..", "erD2EgbAr4A-00033-00041570-00041696": "Ok, better get back for now", "erD2EgbAr4A-00034-00043693-00043943": "It followed me..?", "erD2EgbAr4A-00035-00062540-00062790": "Focus on the frame!", "erD2EgbAr4A-00036-00066026-00066126": "Bump!", "erD2EgbAr4A-00037-00071406-00071486": "Sound..!", "erD2EgbAr4A-00038-00071563-00071833": "You guys heard that! I heard it!", "erD2EgbAr4A-00039-00072023-00072163": "I defintely heard it!", "erD2EgbAr4A-00040-00072383-00072603": "Come up to the 3th floor.", "erD2EgbAr4A-00041-00075230-00075320": "This is the..", "erD2EgbAr4A-00042-00076323-00076413": "come on out.", "erD2EgbAr4A-00043-00079946-00080196": "Focus on the remote!", "erD2EgbAr4A-00044-00080256-00080363": "Stay away..", "erD2EgbAr4A-00045-00080563-00080860": "Stay away from that.", "erD2EgbAr4A-00046-00081036-00081420": "Stay away from that. Do you want to see that tv?", "erD2EgbAr4A-00047-00081553-00081796": "You doing this cause you wanna watch tv?", "erD2EgbAr4A-00048-00082390-00082513": "Don’t do that.", "erD2EgbAr4A-00049-00082920-00083053": "I said stop this?", "erD2EgbAr4A-00050-00083286-00083473": "Donmt mess with me around.", "erD2EgbAr4A-00051-00084203-00084336": "Do not mess with me..", "erD2EgbAr4A-00052-00084420-00084553": "I said stop it..", "erD2EgbAr4A-00053-00084986-00085126": "I’m telling you to stop?", "erD2EgbAr4A-00054-00086223-00086380": "I said stop it..", "erD2EgbAr4A-00055-00089186-00089390": "Why you doing this? Why you doing like this? 00;14;56;17 (Phone) i pick up the phone.. but there’s any sound.", "erD2EgbAr4A-00056-00090090-00090200": "It does ring?", "erD2EgbAr4A-00057-00090323-00090443": "Why didn’t i hear it?", "erD2EgbAr4A-00058-00091360-00091713": "Cut up phone without talk.. (boohoo) ♬", "erD2EgbAr4A-00059-00091910-00092230": "Can’t you see my number, why you don’t answer.. (boohoo) ♬", "erD2EgbAr4A-00060-00092900-00093140": "Guy... this was... what happen to that lid?", "erD2EgbAr4A-00061-00093186-00093333": "Why is that? What’s happen to this...", "erD2EgbAr4A-00062-00094810-00094990": "I just check it! What the!", "erD2EgbAr4A-00063-00095116-00095243": "There’s nothing weird..", "erD2EgbAr4A-00064-00097530-00097646": "Don’t do that..", "erD2EgbAr4A-00065-00098490-00098653": "Don’t do that..! What the heck..", "erD2EgbAr4A-00066-00098693-00098820": "It makes me crazy..", "erD2EgbAr4A-00067-00102146-00102790": "There’s nothing weird on that lid..", "erD2EgbAr4A-00068-00104886-00105073": "Huh... what is that smell like;", "erD2EgbAr4A-00069-00105426-00105826": "What is that smell from? It wasn’t just before.. it smll like rotten dead body..", "erD2EgbAr4A-00070-00106196-00106356": "Wow.. what a smell like... i think i will gonna almost throw up.", "erD2EgbAr4A-00071-00106566-00106703": "What a legend..", "erD2EgbAr4A-00072-00107203-00107286": "What the?", "erD2EgbAr4A-00073-00107553-00107743": "What the heck is that smell...", "erD2EgbAr4A-00074-00108009-00108360": "After then, micol figured where the smell from out.", "erD2EgbAr4A-00075-00108430-00108516": "Who is that?", "erD2EgbAr4A-00076-00108686-00108883": "Who did poop in there ?!", "erD2EgbAr4A-00077-00109009-00109100": "Who’s that?", "erD2EgbAr4A-00078-00109403-00109586": "Who did poop in there?", "erD2EgbAr4A-00079-00109863-00109963": "F***** serious?", "erD2EgbAr4A-00080-00110036-00110193": "That’s not so long..", "erD2EgbAr4A-00081-00110326-00110473": "it’s not steaming..", "erD2EgbAr4A-00082-00110900-00111133": "Is that matter steaming or not.?", "erD2EgbAr4A-00083-00111163-00111296": "It’s matter there is a poop someone did.", "erD2EgbAr4A-00084-00111390-00111530": "Why you guys asking me it’s still steaming..(HAHA)", "erD2EgbAr4A-00085-00111740-00111900": "It’s not that warm... (Hilarious)"}}, {"audio_id": "es7AWyW145E", "text": {"es7AWyW145E-00000-00000005-00000450": "A panel about how immigrants affect the economy and lifestyles of New York City", "es7AWyW145E-00001-00000450-00000800": "Sponsored by the Macaulay Honors College in the upper west side", "es7AWyW145E-00002-00000800-00001090": "Analysts diving deep into long history of immigration here", "es7AWyW145E-00003-00001090-00001408": "More than one out of three New Yorkers born in a foreign country", "es7AWyW145E-00004-00001408-00001804": "The uber smart panelists all helping to build bridges not walls", "es7AWyW145E-00005-00001804-00002032": "when it comes to immigration", "es7AWyW145E-00006-00002032-00002124": "Exciting night", "es7AWyW145E-00007-00002124-00002324": "Wonderful wonderful.", "es7AWyW145E-00008-00002324-00002438": "I did a lot of studies.", "es7AWyW145E-00009-00002438-00002858": "Yes you did. We saw way up here. It's amazing"}}, {"audio_id": "etyh6v2YdCg", "text": {"etyh6v2YdCg-00000-00000000-00000576": "Hello I am Jared. Welcome to FunScienceDemos. This is my good friend, Mitt. He blows bubbles,", "etyh6v2YdCg-00001-00000576-00001083": "and a bubble is nothing more than a thin layer of soap with air trapped inside,", "etyh6v2YdCg-00002-00001083-00001907": "and air is a gas, and that is the big idea. What is a gas? Say hello to the crowd, Mitt.", "etyh6v2YdCg-00003-00002331-00003329": "What do you notice? Well the bubbles drop all the way down to the bottom of the tank. Through science,", "etyh6v2YdCg-00004-00003329-00003815": "we have discovered that pretty much everything in the universe is either matter or energy. Now", "etyh6v2YdCg-00005-00003815-00004380": "we have talked about other forms of energy: light, heat, sound, and electricity in other videos. Today", "etyh6v2YdCg-00006-00004380-00005118": "it is matter. Through science we have discovered that matter is made of stuff, and that stuff takes up", "etyh6v2YdCg-00007-00005118-00005913": "space, and that stuff could either be a solid, a liquid, or a gas. Today we are going to talk about", "etyh6v2YdCg-00008-00005913-00006525": "three types of gases, one type we make in our body - it is called carbon dioxide, another type is in", "etyh6v2YdCg-00009-00006525-00007083": "the air and we need it to live, it is called oxygen, and a third type - these balloons. It is called helium.", "etyh6v2YdCg-00010-00007083-00007665": "Now, all of those gases, they are different, but they are also alike. They are all clear. We can not see", "etyh6v2YdCg-00011-00007665-00008265": "them, and we can not smell them, but they are there, so how do we prove it? Now, all living things, including", "etyh6v2YdCg-00012-00008265-00008796": "us, make carbon dioxide but we can also make carbon dioxide using science. What we are going to do is", "etyh6v2YdCg-00013-00008796-00009501": "combine vinegar and baking soda to create the gas carbon dioxide, but we can not see it or smell it, so", "etyh6v2YdCg-00014-00009501-00010017": "how do we tell it is there? That is where my good friend Mitt comes in with his bubbles. So, I have a", "etyh6v2YdCg-00015-00010017-00010581": "dish of baking soda, I am going to pour some vinegar on it to create the gas carbon dioxide. Here we go.", "etyh6v2YdCg-00016-00011519-00012263": "I can hear something happening. Carbon dioxide is in the tank. How can I prove that to you? I said", "etyh6v2YdCg-00017-00012263-00012758": "carbon dioxide is in this tank, but we can not see it, so how do we prove it is there? Enter", "etyh6v2YdCg-00018-00012758-00013199": "my good friend Mitt. Do you remember the last time it blew bubbles into the tank? Well, what did they", "etyh6v2YdCg-00019-00013199-00013733": "do? They sank to the very bottom of the tank. I am going to have Mitts blow some more bubbles in the", "etyh6v2YdCg-00020-00013733-00014347": "tank, and I want you to watch carefully what happens to those bubbles. Take a look at this:", "etyh6v2YdCg-00021-00014347-00015050": "Mitt is blowing bubbles and they are not sinking to the bottom of this tank. Why? It is science There", "etyh6v2YdCg-00022-00015050-00015593": "is a layer of gas, carbon dioxide gas, that is actually keeping those bubbles from hitting", "etyh6v2YdCg-00023-00015593-00016037": "the bottom of the tank. Remember I said matter takes up space? Well, this carbon dioxide gas", "etyh6v2YdCg-00024-00016037-00016616": "is taking up space in the tank. It is actually keeping the bubbles up off the bottom of the", "etyh6v2YdCg-00025-00016616-00017903": "tank. Matter takes up space. It is made of stuff. keep going Mitt. And they are still there. There is", "etyh6v2YdCg-00026-00017903-00019235": "a layer of carbon dioxide gas. It is taking up space. We are going to pile the bubbles in.", "etyh6v2YdCg-00027-00019403-00020489": "That carbon dioxide gas actually stayed in the tank because it was heavier than air, but there is", "etyh6v2YdCg-00028-00020489-00021026": "also a gas that is lighter than air. Check out these balloons. Watch what happens when I push them down.", "etyh6v2YdCg-00029-00021026-00021530": "I push them down, filled with helium gas, they take up space. They are taking up space in the", "etyh6v2YdCg-00030-00021530-00022166": "balloon, but if it is lighter than air, what is going to happen when I let them go? It should go up. They go up.", "etyh6v2YdCg-00031-00022166-00022856": "Gas, you can not see it sometimes, and you can not smell it sometimes, but it is there, and it is matter.", "etyh6v2YdCg-00032-00022856-00023741": "It is stuff, and it takes up space, even Mitt knows that right, Mitt? That is right, if you want to learn", "etyh6v2YdCg-00033-00023741-00024299": "more about gas, check out our links in the video description. Science is so cool, thanks for watching."}}, {"audio_id": "etItk60frhQ", "text": {"etItk60frhQ-00000-00000625-00001023": "The most common problem is that Bluetooth is paired but not connected.", "etItk60frhQ-00001-00001023-00001424": "Sometimes, Bluetooth headphones won't connect to pc.", "etItk60frhQ-00002-00001424-00001818": "When I clicked the device to connect, I received the above error.", "etItk60frhQ-00003-00001818-00002166": "I also tried the notification area to connect.", "etItk60frhQ-00004-00002166-00002392": "But it failed with the above issue.", "etItk60frhQ-00005-00002392-00002864": "I thought it was a silly problem as both the devices were paired and discoverable.", "etItk60frhQ-00006-00002864-00003046": "But not connected.", "etItk60frhQ-00007-00003046-00003437": "You get a typical warning that the device is paired but not connected.", "etItk60frhQ-00008-00003437-00003782": "I removed the Bluetooth speaker and paired it again.", "etItk60frhQ-00009-00003782-00004275": "Then tried to connect using the Notification area setting and in Devices > Bluetooth & other", "etItk60frhQ-00010-00004275-00004399": "devices.", "etItk60frhQ-00011-00004399-00004663": "Both solutions were unsuccessful.", "etItk60frhQ-00012-00004663-00004962": "Then I found a solution on researching the net.", "etItk60frhQ-00013-00004962-00005385": "It has to do something with Device Manager hidden devices and drivers.", "etItk60frhQ-00014-00005385-00005609": "The following solution worked for me.", "etItk60frhQ-00015-00005609-00005709": "1.", "etItk60frhQ-00016-00005709-00006033": "Type Device Manager in the Windows Search bar and open it.", "etItk60frhQ-00017-00006033-00006133": "2.", "etItk60frhQ-00018-00006133-00006392": "At the top, click on View > Show hidden devices.", "etItk60frhQ-00019-00006392-00006508": "3.", "etItk60frhQ-00020-00006508-00006843": "Click on the arrow next to the Bluetooth Auxiliary section.", "etItk60frhQ-00021-00006843-00006943": "4.", "etItk60frhQ-00022-00006943-00007215": "It will show the Bluetooth hidden devices and drivers.", "etItk60frhQ-00023-00007215-00007372": "Note: 1.", "etItk60frhQ-00024-00007372-00008025": "If the above option is not showing, turn off/on the Bluetooth slider in your Windows 10 laptop.", "etItk60frhQ-00025-00008025-00008409": "If you have a Bluetooth adapter, you can unplug and plug it in again.", "etItk60frhQ-00026-00008409-00008509": "2.", "etItk60frhQ-00027-00008509-00008770": "Make sure the Bluetooth setting is turned on.", "etItk60frhQ-00028-00008770-00008870": "3.", "etItk60frhQ-00029-00008870-00009259": "Remove all the other Bluetooth devices and keep only the speakers/headset you want to", "etItk60frhQ-00030-00009259-00009359": "connect.", "etItk60frhQ-00031-00009359-00009793": "If the above option still doesn't appear, remove the concerned Bluetooth device and", "etItk60frhQ-00032-00009793-00009913": "pair it again.", "etItk60frhQ-00033-00009913-00010013": "1.", "etItk60frhQ-00034-00010013-00010497": "Right-click the first option - Advanced Audio Distribution Profile (Sink) and click on Update", "etItk60frhQ-00035-00010497-00010597": "Driver.", "etItk60frhQ-00036-00010597-00010697": "2.", "etItk60frhQ-00037-00010697-00010934": "Browse my computer for drivers manually.", "etItk60frhQ-00038-00010934-00011164": "Don't search automatically for drivers.", "etItk60frhQ-00039-00011164-00011268": "3.", "etItk60frhQ-00040-00011268-00011592": "Let me pick from a list of available drivers on my computer.", "etItk60frhQ-00041-00011592-00011699": "4.", "etItk60frhQ-00042-00011699-00012109": "On the next screen, click on Microsoft Bluetooth A2dp source.", "etItk60frhQ-00043-00012109-00012550": "If that doesn't exist, select anything related to Microsoft.", "etItk60frhQ-00044-00012550-00012661": "5.", "etItk60frhQ-00045-00012661-00013181": "Repeat steps 5-8 for the next list of devices in the Bluetooth Auxiliary section.", "etItk60frhQ-00046-00013181-00013281": "6.", "etItk60frhQ-00047-00013281-00013706": "The following devices were listed under this section and needed to be updated to the corresponding", "etItk60frhQ-00048-00013706-00013918": "Microsoft drivers.", "etItk60frhQ-00049-00013918-00014519": "Advanced Audio Distribution Profile (Sink) -> Microsoft Bluetooth A2dp Source", "etItk60frhQ-00050-00014519-00014952": "Audio/Video Remote Control -> Microsoft Bluetooth Avrcp Transport Driver", "etItk60frhQ-00051-00014952-00015638": "Audio/Video Remote Control (Target) -> Microsoft Bluetooth Avrcp Transport Driver", "etItk60frhQ-00052-00015638-00016132": "Hands-Free Profile -> Microsoft Bluetooth Hands-Free Profile AudioGateway role", "etItk60frhQ-00053-00016132-00016232": "1.", "etItk60frhQ-00054-00016232-00016656": "Once you do this for each related device, it will disappear from the Bluetooth Auxiliary", "etItk60frhQ-00055-00016656-00016756": "section.", "etItk60frhQ-00056-00016756-00016856": "2.", "etItk60frhQ-00057-00016856-00017349": "The devices should now appear under sections like Bluetooth, Sound, video, game controllers,", "etItk60frhQ-00058-00017349-00017650": "audio inputs and outputs, and System Devices.", "etItk60frhQ-00059-00017650-00017750": "3.", "etItk60frhQ-00060-00017750-00018098": "Restart the PC and connect your Bluetooth device again.", "etItk60frhQ-00061-00018098-00018339": "The following error - \"That didn't work.", "etItk60frhQ-00062-00018339-00018723": "Make sure your Bluetooth device is still discoverable, then try again.\"", "etItk60frhQ-00063-00018723-00019140": "should be fixed, and you should be able to hear sound from your favourite Bluetooth headset,", "etItk60frhQ-00064-00019140-00019200": "earphones and soundbar."}}, {"audio_id": "eu37xHzokNU", "text": {"eu37xHzokNU-00000-00000226-00000793": "Hey guys! Welcome to the O Baggins channel, talk friend and enter! And in today's video", "eu37xHzokNU-00001-00000793-00001349": ", for the Weapons and Artifacts board, I'm going to talk about the Orcrist sword. It", "eu37xHzokNU-00002-00001349-00001801": "was the sword of our dear Dwarf Thorin Oak Shield.", "eu37xHzokNU-00003-00003000-00003732": "I have already made some videos about the Nársil / Andúril swords, Glamdring, Sting", "eu37xHzokNU-00004-00003732-00004261": "and other Weapons and Artifacts. The links are in the description and at the end of the video.", "eu37xHzokNU-00005-00004261-00004737": "But first of all, if you haven't subscribed to the channel yet, stop being a Troll and", "eu37xHzokNU-00006-00004737-00005151": "subscribe right now! Little red button down here. Give it a", "eu37xHzokNU-00007-00005151-00005598": "thumbs up, click on Tinker Bell for YouTube to understand that you want to be notified", "eu37xHzokNU-00008-00005598-00006100": "when a new video comes out. Orcrist was Thorin's Oak Shield sword", "eu37xHzokNU-00009-00006100-00006861": "he found in the troll cave at Eriador in 2,941 TE during", "eu37xHzokNU-00010-00006861-00007456": "the Erebor Day. She was found with Glamdring, the sword that Gandalf took", "eu37xHzokNU-00011-00007456-00008008": "for himself and also stung the knife that Bilbo took. Orcrist was an", "eu37xHzokNU-00012-00008008-00008447": "elven sword and a companion to Glamdring. It had a nice", "eu37xHzokNU-00013-00008447-00009038": "sheath and a jeweled handle. Like Glamdring and Sting, the blade could detect the", "eu37xHzokNU-00014-00009038-00009515": "presence of orques and alert its wearer with a bluish glow.", "eu37xHzokNU-00015-00009515-00009977": "She also had runes and it was Master Elrond who identified the name of the sword,", "eu37xHzokNU-00016-00009977-00010592": "the Goblin Cutter, in the ancient ancient language of Gondolin. Also identifying", "eu37xHzokNU-00017-00010592-00011222": "that it was an ancient sword, of the High Elves of the West, made in Gondolin for the", "eu37xHzokNU-00018-00011222-00011744": "Gobelin Wars in the First Age, and it was a famous sword. And that it must have come", "eu37xHzokNU-00019-00011744-00012227": "from a dragon's treasure or the plunder of gobelins, after the Fall of Gondolin.", "eu37xHzokNU-00020-00012227-00012719": "Thorin promised to keep the sword with honor and hoped it could cut", "eu37xHzokNU-00021-00012719-00013247": "gobelins once again. What he did when he was captured in the gobelin town", "eu37xHzokNU-00022-00013247-00013808": "within the Foggy Mountains. “The Great Gobelim let out a truly", "eu37xHzokNU-00023-00013808-00014402": "horrendous howl of fury when he looked at the sword, and all his soldiers", "eu37xHzokNU-00024-00014402-00014863": "gritted their teeth, struck their shields and stamped their feet.", "eu37xHzokNU-00025-00014863-00015488": "They recognized the sword on the spot. He had killed hundreds of gobelins at their peak,", "eu37xHzokNU-00026-00015488-00016088": "when the beautiful elves of Gondolin hunted them in the mountains or faced them in", "eu37xHzokNU-00027-00016088-00016815": "battle in front of their walls. She had been called the Orcrist, Goblin Cutter, but", "eu37xHzokNU-00028-00016815-00017472": "the gobelins simply called her the Bite. They hated it and hated even", "eu37xHzokNU-00029-00017472-00018090": "more anyone who carried it. ” Look who showed up here like Gandalf", "eu37xHzokNU-00030-00018090-00018522": "So leave your like there for Gandalf not to turn you into a frog or", "eu37xHzokNU-00031-00018522-00019034": "worse huh. When Thorin was disarmed and captured by the Trevamata", "eu37xHzokNU-00032-00019034-00019653": "Elves , Orcrist was kept there. And only after Thorin's death, the Elven King", "eu37xHzokNU-00033-00019653-00020247": "Thranduil returned Orcrist and placed her on Thorin's grave in Erebor.", "eu37xHzokNU-00034-00020247-00020689": "The songs tell that she always glowed in the dark, when the", "eu37xHzokNU-00035-00020689-00021277": "enemies approached so that the dwarf fortress could not be taken", "eu37xHzokNU-00036-00021277-00021742": "by surprise. Before we finish, I would like to invite you to", "eu37xHzokNU-00037-00021742-00022444": "become a member of the channel and guarantee at least 7 exclusive benefits for", "eu37xHzokNU-00038-00022444-00022990": "members and cheaper than a McDonald's snack and only the discount at Loja do", "eu37xHzokNU-00039-00022990-00023569": "Bolseiro already pays for membership. Orcrist is a word in Sindarin, it means:", "eu37xHzokNU-00040-00023569-00024148": "“Corta-gobelim” or “Cortadora-de-Orques”. And that's it guys, the video will stay here,", "eu37xHzokNU-00041-00024148-00024664": "I hope you liked it. Do not forget to subscribe to the channel and", "eu37xHzokNU-00042-00024664-00025210": "leave your liked and also activate the Tink of notifications. Access the Scholarship", "eu37xHzokNU-00043-00025210-00025693": "Shop there you will find the Tolkien books by Lewis and exclusive", "eu37xHzokNU-00044-00025693-00026212": "products from the Scholarship Shop , such as this beautiful T-shirt of the One Ring of Power.", "eu37xHzokNU-00045-00026212-00026747": "Take the opportunity to purchase the latest units of these models with Patches because", "eu37xHzokNU-00046-00026747-00027233": "we do not intend to produce this type of model anymore, only with the prints", "eu37xHzokNU-00047-00027233-00027802": "now. Like the page on Facebook and follow O Baggins there on Instagram, the links", "eu37xHzokNU-00048-00027802-00028244": "are in the description and also in the description are the links of the Baggins", "eu37xHzokNU-00049-00028244-00028736": "' partners and friends. \"I don't know half of you half of what I would like", "eu37xHzokNU-00050-00028736-00029276": "and I like less than half of you half of what you deserve\""}}, {"audio_id": "eumkpsnoJ2g", "text": {"eumkpsnoJ2g-00000-00000104-00000311": "all right this is doug wu", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00001-00000311-00000312": "all right this is doug wu", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00002-00000312-00000607": "all right this is doug wu of wu web marketing and multimedia", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00003-00000607-00000608": "of wu web marketing and multimedia", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00004-00000608-00000862": "of wu web marketing and multimedia and i'm making a video today a dual", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00005-00000862-00000863": "and i'm making a video today a dual", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00006-00000863-00001007": "and i'm making a video today a dual purpose video", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00007-00001007-00001008": "purpose video", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00008-00001008-00001215": "purpose video uh this will be my first video made", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00009-00001215-00001216": "uh this will be my first video made", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00010-00001216-00001639": "uh this will be my first video made specifically for eos open stage in which", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00011-00001639-00001639": "specifically for eos open stage in which", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00012-00001639-00001991": "specifically for eos open stage in which i chronicle my journeys and others uh", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00013-00001991-00001992": "i chronicle my journeys and others uh", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00014-00001992-00002391": "i chronicle my journeys and others uh journeys with the eos ecosystem", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00015-00002391-00002392": "journeys with the eos ecosystem", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00016-00002392-00002671": "journeys with the eos ecosystem but today's video also is made for jesse", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00017-00002671-00002672": "but today's video also is made for jesse", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00018-00002672-00002839": "but today's video also is made for jesse of eosb's is just sort of an", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00019-00002839-00002840": "of eosb's is just sort of an", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00020-00002840-00003039": "of eosb's is just sort of an instructional video", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00021-00003039-00003040": "instructional video", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00022-00003040-00003351": "instructional video on how youtube captioning works and what", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00023-00003351-00003352": "on how youtube captioning works and what", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00024-00003352-00003495": "on how youtube captioning works and what experimentation i've done with a", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00025-00003495-00003496": "experimentation i've done with a", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00026-00003496-00003743": "experimentation i've done with a software program to address", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00027-00003743-00003744": "software program to address", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00028-00003744-00004063": "software program to address a multilingual translation of youtube", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00029-00004063-00004064": "a multilingual translation of youtube", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00030-00004064-00004311": "a multilingual translation of youtube title descriptions and", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00031-00004311-00004312": "title descriptions and", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00032-00004312-00004527": "title descriptions and caption text so i guess we'll call it", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00033-00004527-00004528": "caption text so i guess we'll call it", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00034-00004528-00004751": "caption text so i guess we'll call it closed captioning but anyways uh we're", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00035-00004751-00004752": "closed captioning but anyways uh we're", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00036-00004752-00004886": "closed captioning but anyways uh we're going to start off with this video i'm", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00037-00004886-00004887": "going to start off with this video i'm", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00038-00004887-00005031": "going to start off with this video i'm just going to play it", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00039-00005031-00005032": "just going to play it", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00040-00005032-00005511": "just going to play it us and um", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00042-00005512-00005683": "always been like super passionate about", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00043-00005683-00005684": "always been like super passionate about", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00044-00005684-00006070": "always been like super passionate about english and this text here comes from", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00045-00006070-00006071": "english and this text here comes from", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00046-00006071-00006318": "english and this text here comes from pretty much the automatic captioning", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00047-00006318-00006319": "pretty much the automatic captioning", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00048-00006319-00006583": "pretty much the automatic captioning that's built into youtube", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00049-00006583-00006584": "that's built into youtube", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00050-00006584-00006783": "that's built into youtube it has a machine learning algorithm that", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00051-00006783-00006784": "it has a machine learning algorithm that", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00052-00006784-00007070": "it has a machine learning algorithm that scans the primary language", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00053-00007070-00007072": "scans the primary language", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00054-00007072-00007151": "scans the primary language and", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00055-00007151-00007152": "and", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00056-00007152-00007414": "and closed captions it so closed captioning", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00057-00007414-00007415": "closed captions it so closed captioning", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00058-00007415-00007567": "closed captions it so closed captioning essentially means", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00059-00007567-00007568": "essentially means", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00060-00007568-00007759": "essentially means uh you can remove it from the screen", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00061-00007759-00007759": "uh you can remove it from the screen", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00062-00007759-00007951": "uh you can remove it from the screen whereas open captioning is when it's", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00063-00007951-00007952": "whereas open captioning is when it's", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00064-00007952-00008119": "whereas open captioning is when it's actually embedded into the video of the", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00065-00008119-00008120": "actually embedded into the video of the", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00066-00008120-00008239": "actually embedded into the video of the text", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00067-00008239-00008240": "text", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00068-00008240-00008510": "text so with this closed captioning", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00069-00008510-00008511": "so with this closed captioning", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00070-00008511-00008646": "so with this closed captioning system", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00071-00008646-00008647": "system", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00072-00008647-00008887": "system the software i've used", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00073-00008887-00008888": "the software i've used", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00074-00008888-00009078": "the software i've used has two functions", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00075-00009078-00009079": "has two functions", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00076-00009079-00009335": "has two functions it can translate the video", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00077-00009335-00009336": "it can translate the video", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00078-00009336-00009535": "it can translate the video description and title", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00079-00009535-00009536": "description and title", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00080-00009536-00009703": "description and title as well as", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00081-00009703-00009704": "as well as", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00082-00009704-00009895": "as well as change the captions", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00083-00009895-00009896": "change the captions", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00084-00009896-00010135": "change the captions and so um this is what the back end", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00085-00010135-00010136": "and so um this is what the back end", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00086-00010136-00010374": "and so um this is what the back end looks like just briefly i always want to", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00087-00010374-00010375": "looks like just briefly i always want to", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00088-00010375-00010599": "looks like just briefly i always want to pop up these training videos but this is", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00089-00010599-00010600": "pop up these training videos but this is", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00090-00010600-00010838": "pop up these training videos but this is the video i've been playing with here", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00091-00010838-00010839": "the video i've been playing with here", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00092-00010839-00011110": "the video i've been playing with here and you can see here um", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00093-00011110-00011111": "and you can see here um", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00094-00011111-00011303": "and you can see here um if i go to the next step i'm not", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00095-00011303-00011304": "if i go to the next step i'm not", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00096-00011304-00011414": "if i go to the next step i'm not actually going to run this because i've", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00097-00011414-00011415": "actually going to run this because i've", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00098-00011415-00011599": "actually going to run this because i've already run this before", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00099-00011599-00011600": "already run this before", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00100-00011600-00011919": "already run this before but these are the languages that i chose", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00101-00011919-00011920": "but these are the languages that i chose", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00102-00011920-00012214": "but these are the languages that i chose spanish german french arabic chinese i", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00103-00012214-00012215": "spanish german french arabic chinese i", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00104-00012215-00012470": "spanish german french arabic chinese i put japanese in here because there was", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00105-00012470-00012471": "put japanese in here because there was", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00106-00012471-00012774": "put japanese in here because there was actually missing one", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00107-00012774-00012775": "actually missing one", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00108-00012775-00013055": "actually missing one chinese or korean russian turkish", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00109-00013055-00013056": "chinese or korean russian turkish", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00110-00013056-00013207": "chinese or korean russian turkish vietnamese", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00111-00013207-00013208": "vietnamese", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00112-00013208-00013519": "vietnamese um but anyways uh what this does is it", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00113-00013519-00013519": "um but anyways uh what this does is it", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00114-00013519-00013751": "um but anyways uh what this does is it takes the english", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00115-00013751-00013752": "takes the english", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00116-00013752-00014030": "takes the english um caption text which is actually", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00117-00014030-00014031": "um caption text which is actually", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00118-00014031-00014183": "um caption text which is actually something that can be indexed in the", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00119-00014183-00014184": "something that can be indexed in the", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00120-00014184-00014375": "something that can be indexed in the captions editor you can exclude certain", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00121-00014375-00014376": "captions editor you can exclude certain", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00122-00014376-00014494": "captions editor you can exclude certain words", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00123-00014494-00014495": "words", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00124-00014495-00014638": "words um", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00125-00014638-00014640": "um", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00126-00014640-00014775": "um and you can see here", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00127-00014775-00014776": "and you can see here", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00128-00014776-00015015": "and you can see here it shows you what the text is but", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00129-00015015-00015016": "it shows you what the text is but", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00130-00015016-00015335": "it shows you what the text is but basically it translates them into uh", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00131-00015335-00015336": "basically it translates them into uh", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00132-00015336-00015483": "basically it translates them into uh i'm just", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00133-00015483-00015484": "i'm just", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00134-00015484-00016030": "i'm just gonna to this screen here again", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00136-00016031-00016263": "it translates into all you have to do is", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00137-00016263-00016263": "it translates into all you have to do is", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00138-00016263-00016647": "it translates into all you have to do is wait 10 to 30 seconds", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00140-00016648-00017175": "a maximum of 10 languages at a shot so", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00141-00017175-00017176": "a maximum of 10 languages at a shot so", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00142-00017176-00017439": "a maximum of 10 languages at a shot so basically if you come over here", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00143-00017439-00017440": "basically if you come over here", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00144-00017440-00017591": "basically if you come over here and whoops we're going to go back to", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00145-00017591-00017592": "and whoops we're going to go back to", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00146-00017592-00017775": "and whoops we're going to go back to this screen in a second but if you were", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00147-00017775-00017776": "this screen in a second but if you were", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00148-00017776-00017950": "this screen in a second but if you were to play the video you can actually", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00149-00017950-00017951": "to play the video you can actually", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00150-00017951-00018150": "to play the video you can actually change the language now", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00151-00018150-00018151": "change the language now", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00152-00018151-00018327": "change the language now and so let's choose something that i", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00153-00018327-00018328": "and so let's choose something that i", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00154-00018328-00018575": "and so let's choose something that i think i can get back out of easy", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00155-00018575-00018576": "think i can get back out of easy", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00156-00018576-00018975": "think i can get back out of easy like maybe french francaise", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00157-00018975-00018976": "like maybe french francaise", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00158-00018976-00019214": "like maybe french francaise a lot of canadians and", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00159-00019214-00019215": "a lot of canadians and", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00160-00019215-00019663": "a lot of canadians and french speakers", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00162-00019664-00019894": "and what we should get now", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00163-00019894-00019895": "and what we should get now", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00164-00019895-00020119": "and what we should get now is a video where the captioning is in", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00165-00020119-00020120": "is a video where the captioning is in", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00166-00020120-00020207": "is a video where the captioning is in french", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00167-00020207-00020208": "french", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00168-00020208-00020399": "french the title is in french", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00169-00020399-00020400": "the title is in french", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00170-00020400-00020567": "the title is in french and the description is in french all", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00171-00020567-00020568": "and the description is in french all", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00172-00020568-00020655": "and the description is in french all right", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00173-00020655-00020656": "right", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00174-00020656-00020903": "right so uh yeah just to uh give a little", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00175-00020903-00020904": "so uh yeah just to uh give a little", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00176-00020904-00021135": "so uh yeah just to uh give a little intro um so my name is uh", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00177-00021135-00021136": "intro um so my name is uh", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00178-00021136-00021391": "intro um so my name is uh captions here are in french but notice", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00179-00021391-00021392": "captions here are in french but notice", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00180-00021392-00021614": "captions here are in french but notice the uh the speaker's", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00181-00021614-00021615": "the uh the speaker's", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00182-00021615-00021799": "the uh the speaker's language is still english because we're", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00183-00021799-00021800": "language is still english because we're", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00184-00021800-00022086": "language is still english because we're not actually changing the audio", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00185-00022086-00022087": "not actually changing the audio", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00186-00022087-00022335": "not actually changing the audio now if we were to compare this video to", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00187-00022335-00022336": "now if we were to compare this video to", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00188-00022336-00022422": "now if we were to compare this video to say", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00189-00022422-00022423": "say", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00190-00022423-00022503": "say uh", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00191-00022503-00022504": "uh", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00192-00022504-00022703": "uh see if i can find it here we'll just", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00193-00022703-00022704": "see if i can find it here we'll just", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00194-00022704-00023127": "see if i can find it here we'll just look for it again", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00196-00023128-00023727": "uh", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00198-00023728-00024663": "this one", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00200-00024664-00024758": "okay", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00201-00024758-00024759": "okay", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00202-00024759-00025111": "okay so this again action eos blockchain and", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00203-00025111-00025112": "so this again action eos blockchain and", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00204-00025112-00025255": "so this again action eos blockchain and nation could be like just a video that", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00205-00025255-00025256": "nation could be like just a video that", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00206-00025256-00025422": "nation could be like just a video that we share at some point because we can", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00207-00025422-00025423": "we share at some point because we can", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00208-00025423-00025631": "we share at some point because we can say we have 10 to 20 minutes and those", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00209-00025631-00025632": "say we have 10 to 20 minutes and those", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00210-00025632-00025943": "say we have 10 to 20 minutes and those all those meetings", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00212-00025944-00026118": "but now if we change the language to", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00213-00026118-00026119": "but now if we change the language to", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00214-00026119-00026223": "but now if we change the language to french", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00215-00026223-00026224": "french", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00216-00026224-00026487": "french watch what doesn't happen", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00217-00026487-00026488": "watch what doesn't happen", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00218-00026488-00028374": "watch what doesn't happen what does and what doesn't happen", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00220-00028375-00028558": "so now we continue to play the video i", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00221-00028558-00028560": "so now we continue to play the video i", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00222-00028560-00028679": "so now we continue to play the video i know the students at the beginning", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00223-00028679-00028680": "know the students at the beginning", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00224-00028680-00028823": "know the students at the beginning because maybe i will hire them", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00225-00028823-00028824": "because maybe i will hire them", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00226-00028824-00029023": "because maybe i will hire them afterwards or even though we're in", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00227-00029023-00029024": "afterwards or even though we're in", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00228-00029024-00029207": "afterwards or even though we're in france it's just important there's no", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00229-00029207-00029208": "france it's just important there's no", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00230-00029208-00029335": "france it's just important there's no closed captions", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00231-00029335-00029336": "closed captions", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00232-00029336-00029479": "closed captions nation you know it's blockchain and all", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00233-00029479-00029480": "nation you know it's blockchain and all", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00234-00029480-00029631": "nation you know it's blockchain and all these things obviously i think that", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00235-00029631-00029632": "these things obviously i think that", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00236-00029632-00029846": "these things obviously i think that portion like just introduction to eos", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00237-00029846-00029847": "portion like just introduction to eos", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00238-00029847-00030031": "portion like just introduction to eos blockchain as you can see there's no", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00239-00030031-00030032": "blockchain as you can see there's no", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00240-00030032-00030335": "blockchain as you can see there's no option uh", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00242-00030336-00030479": "where will there be", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00243-00030479-00030480": "where will there be", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00244-00030480-00030670": "where will there be an eos nation could be like just a video", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00245-00030670-00030672": "an eos nation could be like just a video", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00246-00030672-00030879": "an eos nation could be like just a video that we share there is an option for", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00247-00030879-00030880": "that we share there is an option for", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00248-00030880-00031055": "that we share there is an option for captioning but see the closed captioning", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00249-00031055-00031056": "captioning but see the closed captioning", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00250-00031056-00031231": "captioning but see the closed captioning is still in english", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00251-00031231-00031232": "is still in english", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00252-00031232-00031446": "is still in english the description is still in english and", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00253-00031446-00031447": "the description is still in english and", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00254-00031447-00031590": "the description is still in english and the title of the video is still in", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00255-00031590-00031591": "the title of the video is still in", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00256-00031591-00031823": "the title of the video is still in english now the interface like the like", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00257-00031823-00031824": "english now the interface like the like", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00258-00031824-00032127": "english now the interface like the like button subscribe whatever is in french", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00259-00032127-00032127": "button subscribe whatever is in french", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00260-00032127-00032327": "button subscribe whatever is in french this search is in french", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00261-00032327-00032327": "this search is in french", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00262-00032327-00032567": "this search is in french this is in french but", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00263-00032567-00032568": "this is in french but", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00264-00032568-00032799": "this is in french but the title the description and the", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00265-00032799-00032800": "the title the description and the", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00266-00032800-00033031": "the title the description and the captions have not been changed so this", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00267-00033031-00033032": "captions have not been changed so this", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00268-00033032-00033279": "captions have not been changed so this is how the video originally appeared", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00269-00033279-00033280": "is how the video originally appeared", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00270-00033280-00033535": "is how the video originally appeared and this is what exactly we would like", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00271-00033535-00033536": "and this is what exactly we would like", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00272-00033536-00033823": "and this is what exactly we would like to see i think which is everything in", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00273-00033823-00033824": "to see i think which is everything in", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00274-00033824-00034039": "to see i think which is everything in the foreign language that we like one", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00275-00034039-00034040": "the foreign language that we like one", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00276-00034040-00034215": "the foreign language that we like one advantage of this is all this", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00277-00034215-00034216": "advantage of this is all this", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00278-00034216-00034455": "advantage of this is all this information in what's called the srt", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00279-00034455-00034456": "information in what's called the srt", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00280-00034456-00034646": "information in what's called the srt file which saves all these closed", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00281-00034646-00034647": "file which saves all these closed", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00282-00034647-00034895": "file which saves all these closed captions oh let's go back over here", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00283-00034895-00034896": "captions oh let's go back over here", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00284-00034896-00035167": "captions oh let's go back over here um are actually indexed by google so", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00285-00035167-00035168": "um are actually indexed by google so", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00286-00035168-00035487": "um are actually indexed by google so that adds a wealth of keywords into", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00287-00035487-00035488": "that adds a wealth of keywords into", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00288-00035488-00035695": "that adds a wealth of keywords into the search engines to help find these", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00289-00035695-00035696": "the search engines to help find these", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00290-00035696-00035799": "the search engines to help find these videos", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00291-00035799-00035800": "videos", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00292-00035800-00035951": "videos but you can see here i sort of did a", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00293-00035951-00035952": "but you can see here i sort of did a", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00294-00035952-00036135": "but you can see here i sort of did a hodgepodge because i was experimenting", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00295-00036135-00036136": "hodgepodge because i was experimenting", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00296-00036136-00036311": "hodgepodge because i was experimenting with other languages", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00297-00036311-00036312": "with other languages", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00298-00036312-00036511": "with other languages and i had a little glitch", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00299-00036511-00036512": "and i had a little glitch", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00300-00036512-00036751": "and i had a little glitch um i'm not sure exactly why i have two", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00301-00036751-00036752": "um i'm not sure exactly why i have two", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00302-00036752-00037023": "um i'm not sure exactly why i have two englishes but that's what happened", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00303-00037023-00037024": "englishes but that's what happened", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00304-00037024-00037279": "englishes but that's what happened um", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00306-00037280-00037446": "and", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00307-00037446-00037447": "and", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00308-00037447-00037671": "and i guess i could delete that but i guess", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00309-00037671-00037672": "i guess i could delete that but i guess", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00310-00037672-00038302": "i guess i could delete that but i guess i could unpublish that", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00312-00038303-00038623": "oh did i lose it i hope i didn't lose it", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00313-00038623-00038624": "oh did i lose it i hope i didn't lose it", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00314-00038624-00038902": "oh did i lose it i hope i didn't lose it well whatever we can do it again", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00315-00038902-00038903": "well whatever we can do it again", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00316-00038903-00039190": "well whatever we can do it again but anyways in certain situations i have", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00317-00039190-00039191": "but anyways in certain situations i have", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00318-00039191-00039335": "but anyways in certain situations i have a", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00319-00039335-00039336": "a", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00320-00039336-00039574": "a title and descriptions that i've", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00321-00039574-00039575": "title and descriptions that i've", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00322-00039575-00039846": "title and descriptions that i've translated but subtitles that i have not", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00323-00039846-00039847": "translated but subtitles that i have not", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00324-00039847-00039990": "translated but subtitles that i have not translated", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00325-00039990-00039991": "translated", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00326-00039991-00040262": "translated so let's do perkagees for example", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00327-00040262-00040263": "so let's do perkagees for example", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00328-00040263-00040918": "so let's do perkagees for example in this instance if i go to portuguese", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00330-00040919-00041087": "i think i should be able to find", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00331-00041087-00041088": "i think i should be able to find", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00332-00041088-00041471": "i think i should be able to find portuguese", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00334-00041472-00041743": "okay what i should see is translated", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00335-00041743-00041744": "okay what i should see is translated", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00336-00041744-00041951": "okay what i should see is translated title description but no translated", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00337-00041951-00041952": "title description but no translated", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00338-00041952-00042087": "title description but no translated captions", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00339-00042087-00042088": "captions", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00340-00042088-00043023": "captions so let's verify that", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00342-00043024-00043135": "all right", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00343-00043135-00043136": "all right", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00344-00043136-00043462": "all right so uh yeah just to give a little intro", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00345-00043462-00043463": "so uh yeah just to give a little intro", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00346-00043463-00043662": "so uh yeah just to give a little intro so my name is uh vincent grenier i'm one", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00347-00043662-00043663": "so my name is uh vincent grenier i'm one", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00348-00043663-00043895": "so my name is uh vincent grenier i'm one of the co-founders at eos nation and i'm", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00349-00043895-00043896": "of the co-founders at eos nation and i'm", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00350-00043896-00044118": "of the co-founders at eos nation and i'm uh yeah super passionate about eos and", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00351-00044118-00044119": "uh yeah super passionate about eos and", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00352-00044119-00044246": "uh yeah super passionate about eos and um", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00353-00044246-00044247": "um", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00354-00044247-00044439": "um i'm i'm working on the admin stuff for", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00355-00044439-00044440": "i'm i'm working on the admin stuff for", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00356-00044440-00044511": "i'm i'm working on the admin stuff for you", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00357-00044511-00044512": "you", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00358-00044512-00044718": "you i've always been super passionate about", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00359-00044718-00044719": "i've always been super passionate about", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00360-00044719-00044823": "i've always been super passionate about um", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00361-00044823-00044824": "um", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00362-00044824-00045111": "um eos and wanting to to build some ideas", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00363-00045111-00045112": "eos and wanting to to build some ideas", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00364-00045112-00045311": "eos and wanting to to build some ideas so i've started doing some university", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00365-00045311-00045312": "so i've started doing some university", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00366-00045312-00045543": "so i've started doing some university collaboration okay so i'm set to", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00367-00045543-00045544": "collaboration okay so i'm set to", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00368-00045544-00045727": "collaboration okay so i'm set to portuguese", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00369-00045727-00045728": "portuguese", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00370-00045728-00045839": "portuguese and", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00371-00045839-00045840": "and", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00372-00045840-00046183": "and this looks like portuguese to me", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00373-00046183-00046184": "this looks like portuguese to me", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00374-00046184-00046423": "this looks like portuguese to me this looks like portuguese to me which i", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00375-00046423-00046424": "this looks like portuguese to me which i", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00376-00046424-00046671": "this looks like portuguese to me which i expect it to be", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00377-00046671-00046672": "expect it to be", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00378-00046672-00046862": "expect it to be but that does not look like portuguese", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00379-00046862-00046863": "but that does not look like portuguese", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00380-00046863-00047127": "but that does not look like portuguese to me that looks like german", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00381-00047127-00047128": "to me that looks like german", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00382-00047128-00047295": "to me that looks like german and i'm guessing german just because", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00383-00047295-00047296": "and i'm guessing german just because", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00384-00047296-00047479": "and i'm guessing german just because that's one of the other languages that", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00385-00047479-00047480": "that's one of the other languages that", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00386-00047480-00047743": "that's one of the other languages that we have chosen", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00387-00047743-00047744": "we have chosen", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00388-00047744-00047911": "we have chosen so", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00389-00047911-00047912": "so", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00390-00047912-00048118": "so why that's happening i don't know that's", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00391-00048118-00048119": "why that's happening i don't know that's", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00392-00048119-00048286": "why that's happening i don't know that's because uh", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00393-00048286-00048287": "because uh", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00394-00048287-00048630": "because uh is trying to pick the closest language", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00395-00048630-00048631": "is trying to pick the closest language", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00396-00048631-00048702": "is trying to pick the closest language to", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00397-00048702-00048703": "to", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00398-00048703-00048871": "to portuguese", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00399-00048871-00048872": "portuguese", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00400-00048872-00049135": "portuguese that's not portuguese", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00401-00049135-00049136": "that's not portuguese", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00402-00049136-00049527": "that's not portuguese let's try another one like", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00404-00049528-00049751": "now see i have a hard time with the", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00405-00049751-00049752": "now see i have a hard time with the", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00406-00049752-00049935": "now see i have a hard time with the asian languages because i only list them", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00407-00049935-00049936": "asian languages because i only list them", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00408-00049936-00050062": "asian languages because i only list them in asian", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00409-00050062-00050063": "in asian", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00410-00050063-00050390": "in asian but i believe this is chinese simplified", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00411-00050390-00050391": "but i believe this is chinese simplified", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00412-00050391-00050646": "but i believe this is chinese simplified i believe this to be korean", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00413-00050646-00050647": "i believe this to be korean", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00414-00050647-00050855": "i believe this to be korean and i believe this to be japanese but i", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00415-00050855-00050856": "and i believe this to be japanese but i", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00416-00050856-00051015": "and i believe this to be japanese but i have no idea what the rest of these", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00417-00051015-00051016": "have no idea what the rest of these", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00418-00051016-00051263": "have no idea what the rest of these things are but if we go to korean we", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00419-00051263-00051264": "things are but if we go to korean we", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00420-00051264-00051526": "things are but if we go to korean we actually should get korean", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00421-00051526-00051527": "actually should get korean", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00422-00051527-00051679": "actually should get korean because that was one of the ones that we", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00423-00051679-00051679": "because that was one of the ones that we", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00424-00051679-00051894": "because that was one of the ones that we did the title translations as well as", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00425-00051894-00051895": "did the title translations as well as", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00426-00051895-00052663": "did the title translations as well as the captioning with", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00428-00052664-00052775": "all right", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00429-00052775-00052776": "all right", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00430-00052776-00053071": "all right so uh yeah just to give a little intro", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00431-00053071-00053072": "so uh yeah just to give a little intro", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00432-00053072-00053311": "so uh yeah just to give a little intro um so my name is vincent grenier i'm one", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00433-00053311-00053312": "um so my name is vincent grenier i'm one", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00434-00053312-00053511": "um so my name is vincent grenier i'm one of the co-founders of glass nation", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00435-00053511-00053512": "of the co-founders of glass nation", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00436-00053512-00053591": "of the co-founders of glass nation i'm", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00437-00053591-00053591": "i'm", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00438-00053591-00053894": "i'm super passionate about eos and", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00439-00053894-00053895": "super passionate about eos and", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00440-00053895-00054119": "super passionate about eos and i'm working on the admin stuff for eos", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00441-00054119-00054120": "i'm working on the admin stuff for eos", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00442-00054120-00054279": "i'm working on the admin stuff for eos nation but i've always been like super", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00443-00054279-00054279": "nation but i've always been like super", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00444-00054279-00054463": "nation but i've always been like super passionate about um", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00445-00054463-00054464": "passionate about um", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00446-00054464-00054759": "passionate about um eos and wanting to to build some ideas", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00447-00054759-00054760": "eos and wanting to to build some ideas", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00448-00054760-00054959": "eos and wanting to to build some ideas so i've started doing some university", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00449-00054959-00054960": "so i've started doing some university", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00450-00054960-00055142": "so i've started doing some university collaborations i have no idea what the", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00451-00055142-00055144": "collaborations i have no idea what the", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00452-00055144-00055342": "collaborations i have no idea what the quality of these translations are", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00453-00055342-00055344": "quality of these translations are", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00454-00055344-00055526": "quality of these translations are because they only are really as good as", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00455-00055526-00055527": "because they only are really as good as", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00456-00055527-00055726": "because they only are really as good as a base english", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00457-00055726-00055727": "a base english", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00458-00055727-00056023": "a base english script which i did not really go through", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00459-00056023-00056024": "script which i did not really go through", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00460-00056024-00056135": "script which i did not really go through at all", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00461-00056135-00056136": "at all", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00462-00056136-00056487": "at all and the ums in the ahs and the sort of", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00463-00056487-00056488": "and the ums in the ahs and the sort of", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00464-00056488-00056847": "and the ums in the ahs and the sort of things that don't always translate in", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00465-00056847-00056848": "things that don't always translate in", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00466-00056848-00057079": "things that don't always translate in to foreign languages", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00467-00057079-00057079": "to foreign languages", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00468-00057079-00057263": "to foreign languages properly is", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00469-00057263-00057264": "properly is", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00470-00057264-00057503": "properly is definitely an issue", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00471-00057503-00057504": "definitely an issue", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00472-00057504-00057679": "definitely an issue let's do one last test here let's try", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00473-00057679-00057679": "let's do one last test here let's try", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00474-00057679-00058087": "let's do one last test here let's try what i think to be chinese simplified", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00475-00058087-00058088": "what i think to be chinese simplified", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00476-00058088-00058638": "what i think to be chinese simplified or chinese of some sort", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00478-00058639-00058854": "uh what's going on", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00479-00058854-00058855": "uh what's going on", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00480-00058855-00059311": "uh what's going on loading loading thinking", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00482-00059312-00059511": "hello", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00483-00059511-00059512": "hello", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00484-00059512-00059799": "hello maybe too many windows open yeah", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00485-00059799-00059800": "maybe too many windows open yeah", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00486-00059800-00060511": "maybe too many windows open yeah there it goes", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00488-00060512-00060623": "all right", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00489-00060623-00060624": "all right", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00490-00060624-00060863": "all right so uh yeah just to uh give a little", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00491-00060863-00060864": "so uh yeah just to uh give a little", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00492-00060864-00061071": "so uh yeah just to uh give a little intro um so my name is uh vincent", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00493-00061071-00061072": "intro um so my name is uh vincent", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00494-00061072-00061238": "intro um so my name is uh vincent grenier i'm one of the co-founders at", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00495-00061238-00061239": "grenier i'm one of the co-founders at", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00496-00061239-00061463": "grenier i'm one of the co-founders at eos nation and i'm uh yeah super", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00497-00061463-00061464": "eos nation and i'm uh yeah super", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00498-00061464-00061742": "eos nation and i'm uh yeah super passionate about eos and", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00499-00061742-00061744": "passionate about eos and", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00500-00061744-00061926": "passionate about eos and i'm i'm working on the admin stuff for", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00501-00061926-00061927": "i'm i'm working on the admin stuff for", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00502-00061927-00062094": "i'm i'm working on the admin stuff for eos nation but i've always been like", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00503-00062094-00062095": "eos nation but i've always been like", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00504-00062095-00062311": "eos nation but i've always been like super passionate about um", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00505-00062311-00062312": "super passionate about um", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00506-00062312-00062591": "super passionate about um eos and wanting to to build some ideas", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00507-00062591-00062591": "eos and wanting to to build some ideas", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00508-00062591-00062854": "eos and wanting to to build some ideas there you go that's where we're at", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00509-00062854-00062855": "there you go that's where we're at", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00510-00062855-00063094": "there you go that's where we're at testing out this software it's called", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00511-00063094-00063095": "testing out this software it's called", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00512-00063095-00063415": "testing out this software it's called lingo blaster and captionizer", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00513-00063415-00063416": "lingo blaster and captionizer", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00514-00063416-00063623": "lingo blaster and captionizer but there's a bunch of other resources i", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00515-00063623-00063624": "but there's a bunch of other resources i", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00516-00063624-00063950": "but there's a bunch of other resources i found online explaining how", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00517-00063950-00063951": "found online explaining how", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00518-00063951-00064191": "found online explaining how subtitle captioning works", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00519-00064191-00064191": "subtitle captioning works", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00520-00064191-00064335": "subtitle captioning works in the different", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00521-00064335-00064336": "in the different", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00522-00064336-00064471": "in the different options there are", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00523-00064471-00064472": "options there are", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00524-00064472-00064638": "options there are so i may share those with jesse too", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00525-00064638-00064639": "so i may share those with jesse too", "eumkpsnoJ2g-00526-00064639-00065095": "so i may share those with jesse too anyways hope you enjoyed the video bye"}}, {"audio_id": "euo8abR3r7o", "text": {"euo8abR3r7o-00000-00000240-00000720": "You are going to finish the postpartum care center for two weeks today.", "euo8abR3r7o-00001-00000732-00001028": "You should go home. How was your life of the postpartum care center?", "euo8abR3r7o-00002-00001028-00001538": "Daily life in the care center was more uncomfortable than I thought.", "euo8abR3r7o-00003-00001870-00002080": "It's called a paradise.", "euo8abR3r7o-00004-00002094-00002426": "The reason is, there's a hell waiting in the house,", "euo8abR3r7o-00005-00002430-00002946": "the care center is relatively comfortable, that’s why a word of the paradise was born.", "euo8abR3r7o-00006-00002952-00003174": "The care center is", "euo8abR3r7o-00007-00003174-00003536": "the center of breast milk", "euo8abR3r7o-00008-00003536-00003670": "I have to keep squeezing breast-milk,", "euo8abR3r7o-00009-00003670-00004073": "I've been breast-feeding her all the time.", "euo8abR3r7o-00010-00004074-00004284": "It's not as if I am taking a break but", "euo8abR3r7o-00011-00004284-00004594": "I am not healthy enough to take care of a baby", "euo8abR3r7o-00012-00004594-00004934": "I’ve been feeding her", "euo8abR3r7o-00013-00004934-00005228": "I don't think it was as comfortable as a hotel.", "euo8abR3r7o-00014-00005228-00005548": "But I don't think the care center itself was a problem.", "euo8abR3r7o-00015-00005548-00005926": "Food is good, and all that care is good.", "euo8abR3r7o-00016-00005926-00006188": "'Cause I think I am going to do this at home.", "euo8abR3r7o-00017-00006440-00006778": "What was the best thing about the care center?", "euo8abR3r7o-00018-00006778-00006958": "The rice is really good.", "euo8abR3r7o-00019-00006958-00007228": "They serve all the snacks twice or three times.", "euo8abR3r7o-00020-00007228-00007630": "Morning, lunch, dinner, that was pretty good.", "euo8abR3r7o-00021-00007630-00008012": "They do all the laundry. Even the husband’s ones.", "euo8abR3r7o-00022-00008012-00008404": "Those are folded. It's amazing.", "euo8abR3r7o-00023-00008404-00008734": "And in this case that I had a hard problem with my baby,", "euo8abR3r7o-00024-00008734-00009020": "I can go straight to the neonatal room and ask for help.", "euo8abR3r7o-00025-00009020-00009464": "That's really good that the experts are waiting for anytime,", "euo8abR3r7o-00026-00009480-00009790": "I'm so relieved.", "euo8abR3r7o-00027-00009790-00010174": "the most inconvenient thing?", "euo8abR3r7o-00028-00010174-00010558": "I don't think there's anything uncomfortable with the care center.", "euo8abR3r7o-00029-00010558-00010918": "It's just that when I first met a baby, a newborn,", "euo8abR3r7o-00030-00010918-00011228": "She's my kid, but she's been crying and fretful", "euo8abR3r7o-00031-00011228-00011424": "I don't know why.", "euo8abR3r7o-00032-00011424-00011658": "Sometimes I hate her, my baby", "euo8abR3r7o-00033-00011658-00011980": "Those first moments are hard,", "euo8abR3r7o-00034-00011980-00012292": "I don't think the care center was uncomfortable or anything like this.", "euo8abR3r7o-00035-00012300-00012514": "Wasn't it cold or something?", "euo8abR3r7o-00036-00012520-00012634": "I thought the heat was gonna kill me.", "euo8abR3r7o-00037-00012634-00012818": "I've got a heat rash.", "euo8abR3r7o-00038-00012818-00013047": "I had to bring a baby powder.", "euo8abR3r7o-00039-00013047-00013316": "It is said awomaninchildbed should be warm.", "euo8abR3r7o-00040-00013316-00013630": "It's nice to have all the temperature control.", "euo8abR3r7o-00041-00013630-00014002": "For mothers to use the care center,", "euo8abR3r7o-00042-00014012-00014466": "If you have any advice or anything you'd like to say,", "euo8abR3r7o-00043-00014628-00015084": "I don't think you have to get all the calls for breast milk", "euo8abR3r7o-00044-00015084-00015391": "At first, for attachment between mom and baby,", "euo8abR3r7o-00045-00015391-00015628": "You might think \"Should I do a little more of breast feeding?\"", "euo8abR3r7o-00046-00015628-00015813": "You could become greedy", "euo8abR3r7o-00047-00015813-00016138": "But when you get home, You’ll be doing all the time.", "euo8abR3r7o-00048-00016197-00016428": "You don't have to get all the breast milk calls.", "euo8abR3r7o-00049-00016428-00016848": "I want you to ask everything you want to know when an expert is there around you.", "euo8abR3r7o-00050-00016848-00017006": "positions you are supposed to feed,", "euo8abR3r7o-00051-00017010-00017170": "One is not enough", "euo8abR3r7o-00052-00017222-00017502": "You have to learn three or four ways of breast feeding.", "euo8abR3r7o-00053-00017502-00017646": "What should we do in an emergency case,", "euo8abR3r7o-00054-00017646-00017952": "I want you to ask everything as much as you can about this.", "euo8abR3r7o-00055-00017982-00018302": "Is there anything you want from the care center? or improvement point?", "euo8abR3r7o-00056-00018302-00018734": "Improvement points in the care center?", "euo8abR3r7o-00057-00018734-00019078": "This is how mothers can meet each other.", "euo8abR3r7o-00058-00019084-00019336": "I wish there were some places too meet them", "euo8abR3r7o-00059-00019336-00019696": "I can't meet any mothers here.", "euo8abR3r7o-00060-00019708-00019922": "I haven't said a word.", "euo8abR3r7o-00061-00019922-00020168": "I'm a little bit pity about that.", "euo8abR3r7o-00062-00020168-00020348": "You don't have any mate of the care center?", "euo8abR3r7o-00063-00020348-00020520": "I don't have any mate here.", "euo8abR3r7o-00064-00020526-00021040": "I'll tell you what, me and by husband have more camaraderie.", "euo8abR3r7o-00065-00021040-00021202": "I got it", "euo8abR3r7o-00066-00021238-00021496": "Now, holding the baby,", "euo8abR3r7o-00067-00021496-00021650": "brining a baby", "euo8abR3r7o-00068-00021650-00021844": "We are going home.", "euo8abR3r7o-00069-00021926-00022184": "How do you feel?", "euo8abR3r7o-00070-00022220-00022516": "Everything the care center cared for is going to be gone,", "euo8abR3r7o-00071-00022516-00022684": "I have make rice", "euo8abR3r7o-00072-00022684-00022952": "I have to feed..", "euo8abR3r7o-00073-00022952-00023124": "OMG..", "euo8abR3r7o-00074-00023124-00023302": "it's so awful", "euo8abR3r7o-00075-00023334-00023638": "You have to do housework.", "euo8abR3r7o-00076-00023688-00023924": "In case of me, my husband", "euo8abR3r7o-00077-00023934-00024256": "He is going to take a paternity leave, so no problems with caring a baby but", "euo8abR3r7o-00078-00024256-00024544": "Those of you who are really single-parenting", "euo8abR3r7o-00079-00024544-00024734": "I've come to respect every mother.", "euo8abR3r7o-00080-00024734-00024958": "I don't think that's a waste of time.", "euo8abR3r7o-00081-00024964-00025250": "It's only once you become a mother then you know how mothers are thinking.", "euo8abR3r7o-00082-00025296-00025484": "You're amazing.", "euo8abR3r7o-00083-00025484-00025689": "the point of greatest concern?", "euo8abR3r7o-00084-00025689-00025864": "the term of breast feeding", "euo8abR3r7o-00085-00025880-00026344": "If this baby ate powdered milk every two or three hours,", "euo8abR3r7o-00086-00026356-00026548": "If the baby had breast milk that's breast,", "euo8abR3r7o-00087-00026548-00026654": "I have to feed everyone", "euo8abR3r7o-00088-00026656-00026924": "I have to.", "euo8abR3r7o-00089-00026924-00027154": "I don't know if I'm going to have to keep sleeping.", "euo8abR3r7o-00090-00027154-00027380": "That's things that dad can't help", "euo8abR3r7o-00091-00027380-00027720": "I'm a little worried about that.", "euo8abR3r7o-00092-00027720-00028127": "Sleeping was so sweat today", "euo8abR3r7o-00093-00028218-00028500": "What do you want to say to your husband?", "euo8abR3r7o-00094-00028500-00028694": "Mate", "euo8abR3r7o-00095-00028777-00029030": "It's gonna be really hard", "euo8abR3r7o-00096-00029042-00029358": "to the point that you want to go to work.", "euo8abR3r7o-00097-00029358-00029506": "I think it's going to be hard.", "euo8abR3r7o-00098-00029506-00029779": "But we're still together, so we", "euo8abR3r7o-00099-00029780-00030274": "I want you to be cheered up and raise a kid.", "euo8abR3r7o-00100-00030277-00030552": "as well as we are raising our love.", "euo8abR3r7o-00101-00030552-00030883": "Laura, the last thing you want to say.", "euo8abR3r7o-00102-00030883-00031062": "Laura, the last thing you want to say.", "euo8abR3r7o-00103-00031062-00031270": "How do you feel?", "euo8abR3r7o-00104-00031668-00031794": "Um... is that right?", "euo8abR3r7o-00105-00031802-00031994": "Okay, I got it.", "euo8abR3r7o-00106-00031994-00032139": "She talked a lot.", "euo8abR3r7o-00107-00032432-00032676": "There's almost nothing for dad", "euo8abR3r7o-00108-00032689-00032960": "Dads have to prepare what are needed.", "euo8abR3r7o-00109-00032962-00033114": "short-sleeved clothes in winter", "euo8abR3r7o-00110-00033124-00033296": "Like rice", "euo8abR3r7o-00111-00033352-00033562": "Have a nice side dish.", "euo8abR3r7o-00112-00033624-00033930": "It's a shame there's no soap, no basic stuff.", "euo8abR3r7o-00113-00033930-00034244": "They could just put a soap on it.", "euo8abR3r7o-00114-00034244-00034472": "There is almost nothing basic", "euo8abR3r7o-00115-00034482-00034822": "That you have to bring all those things with you.", "euo8abR3r7o-00116-00034822-00034926": "I'll put it on here (on subtitles)", "euo8abR3r7o-00117-00034989-00035139": "Bye"}}, {"audio_id": "euIg3eRmfBc", "text": {"euIg3eRmfBc-00002-00001022-00001309": "Even as a child, Braum was much larger", "euIg3eRmfBc-00003-00001309-00001592": "than other Freljordian youngsters,", "euIg3eRmfBc-00004-00001592-00001900": "but his mother taught him", "euIg3eRmfBc-00005-00001900-00002171": "never to use his size", "euIg3eRmfBc-00006-00002171-00002345": "to intimidate or bully.", "euIg3eRmfBc-00007-00002417-00002720": "She came from a proud line of herders,", "euIg3eRmfBc-00008-00002720-00002857": "and believed", "euIg3eRmfBc-00009-00002857-00003160": "true courage lay in using one’s power .", "euIg3eRmfBc-00010-00003160-00003438": "not to dominate, but to", "euIg3eRmfBc-00011-00003438-00003677": "protect those in need", "euIg3eRmfBc-00012-00003789-00004091": "When Braum was still a boy,", "euIg3eRmfBc-00013-00004091-00004301": "ice giants devastated", "euIg3eRmfBc-00014-00004301-00004466": "a neighboring tribe.", "euIg3eRmfBc-00015-00004466-00004744": "That tribe had long preyed upon", "euIg3eRmfBc-00016-00004744-00005022": "the herds of Braum’s people, .", "euIg3eRmfBc-00017-00005022-00005332": "but his mother didn’t hesitate to", "euIg3eRmfBc-00018-00005332-00005571": "head out across the tundra", "euIg3eRmfBc-00019-00005571-00005867": "to help the survivors,", "euIg3eRmfBc-00020-00005867-00006151": "bearing furs, foodstuffs, and healing supplies", "euIg3eRmfBc-00021-00006238-00006443": "At first, Braum didn’t understand", "euIg3eRmfBc-00022-00006443-00006712": "why she would aid their rivals.", "euIg3eRmfBc-00023-00006738-00007050": "but after her actions saved many lives,", "euIg3eRmfBc-00024-00007050-00007366": "they became lifelong allies. He finally r", "euIg3eRmfBc-00025-00007366-00007674": "understood what his mother meant when she said", "euIg3eRmfBc-00026-00007703-00008005": "all the Freljord’s people", "euIg3eRmfBc-00027-00008005-00008105": "were a family,", "euIg3eRmfBc-00028-00008157-00008474": "and from that day forth, he pledged to bring that family together.", "euIg3eRmfBc-00029-00008568-00008828": "As Braum grew,", "euIg3eRmfBc-00030-00008828-00009074": "it was clear he was one of", "euIg3eRmfBc-00031-00009074-00009355": "the revered Iceborn,", "euIg3eRmfBc-00032-00009355-00009623": "though even among their number,", "euIg3eRmfBc-00033-00009649-00009922": "his strength and ability to endure the elements were legendary.", "euIg3eRmfBc-00034-00009977-00010249": "He became a local hero,", "euIg3eRmfBc-00035-00010249-00010555": "rescuing children who had slipped into icy ravines,", "euIg3eRmfBc-00036-00010555-00010837": "saving travelers stranded in blizzards,", "euIg3eRmfBc-00037-00010837-00011133": "and protecting families from", "euIg3eRmfBc-00038-00011133-00011233": "ravaging wildclaws.", "euIg3eRmfBc-00039-00011293-00011551": "Whenever he appeared,", "euIg3eRmfBc-00040-00011556-00011784": "people knew help had arrived", "euIg3eRmfBc-00041-00011822-00012166": "He was a figure of hope, known for his liveliness", "euIg3eRmfBc-00042-00012169-00012461": "and laughter, and the easy way", "euIg3eRmfBc-00043-00012461-00012642": "he made friends.", "euIg3eRmfBc-00044-00012757-00013025": "Eventually, Braum realized he", "euIg3eRmfBc-00045-00013025-00013282": "was needed beyond the valleys", "euIg3eRmfBc-00046-00013282-00013596": "and tundra where he’d been raised.", "euIg3eRmfBc-00047-00013603-00013885": "Bidding his mother a tearful farewell,", "euIg3eRmfBc-00048-00013885-00014192": "he set out to travel", "euIg3eRmfBc-00049-00014192-00014292": "the Freljord.", "euIg3eRmfBc-00050-00014363-00014629": "Over the years, countless", "euIg3eRmfBc-00051-00014629-00014921": "stories spread of Braum’s", "euIg3eRmfBc-00052-00014921-00015097": "mighty feats and good deeds.", "euIg3eRmfBc-00053-00015139-00015413": "While most had at least a kernel of truth,", "euIg3eRmfBc-00054-00015413-00015727": "they grew increasingly far-fetched and mythic—", "euIg3eRmfBc-00055-00015750-00016037": "such as the legend of how he chopped down", "euIg3eRmfBc-00056-00016037-00016363": "an entire forest in a single night using only his bare hands,", "euIg3eRmfBc-00057-00016373-00016616": "or how during a volcanic eruption, he saved", "euIg3eRmfBc-00058-00016616-00016877": "an isolated farmstead", "euIg3eRmfBc-00059-00016877-00017060": "by picking it up and carrying it to higher ground.", "euIg3eRmfBc-00060-00017172-00017408": "A more recent tale", "euIg3eRmfBc-00061-00017408-00017712": "spoke of how Braum found his immense", "euIg3eRmfBc-00062-00017712-00017980": "ram-headed shield. As the story went,", "euIg3eRmfBc-00063-00017980-00018257": "it was an enchanted vault door,", "euIg3eRmfBc-00064-00018257-00018555": "forged in ancient times and set", "euIg3eRmfBc-00065-00018555-00018843": "into a mountain.", "euIg3eRmfBc-00066-00018926-00019228": "Braum heard cries", "euIg3eRmfBc-00067-00019228-00019553": "from within, but he couldn’t", "euIg3eRmfBc-00068-00019553-00019855": "break the door down. Undeterred, he", "euIg3eRmfBc-00069-00019855-00020133": "punched his way through the", "euIg3eRmfBc-00070-00020133-00020436": "mountain’s bare rock, rescuing", "euIg3eRmfBc-00071-00020436-00020724": "a troll boy who was trapped inside.", "euIg3eRmfBc-00072-00020762-00021059": "He ripped the unbreakable door", "euIg3eRmfBc-00073-00021059-00021349": "off its hinges, and has borne.", "euIg3eRmfBc-00074-00021349-00021488": "it ever since", "euIg3eRmfBc-00075-00021598-00021882": "As with many legends about him,", "euIg3eRmfBc-00076-00021899-00022180": "Braum laughed uproariously", "euIg3eRmfBc-00077-00022180-00022475": "when he first heard this particular tale—", "euIg3eRmfBc-00078-00022475-00022722": "but far from refuting such stories,", "euIg3eRmfBc-00079-00022770-00023075": "he embraces them.", "euIg3eRmfBc-00080-00023089-00023383": "Why let the truth get in", "euIg3eRmfBc-00081-00023383-00023652": "the way of inspiring others to acts", "euIg3eRmfBc-00082-00023652-00023914": "of generosity and kindness?", "euIg3eRmfBc-00083-00023986-00024291": "No matter how he actually found", "euIg3eRmfBc-00084-00024291-00024571": "his shield, soon afterward Braum made", "euIg3eRmfBc-00085-00024571-00024788": "his way to the sacred site of Rakelstake,", "euIg3eRmfBc-00086-00024831-00025149": "where many tribes had gathered to hear", "euIg3eRmfBc-00087-00025149-00025457": "the words of the Avarosan warmother,", "euIg3eRmfBc-00088-00025457-00025624": "Ashe", "euIg3eRmfBc-00089-00025624-00025923": "—said to be the reincarnation of", "euIg3eRmfBc-00090-00025923-00026030": "Avarosa herself.", "euIg3eRmfBc-00091-00026148-00026455": "There, he witnessed the barbarian", "euIg3eRmfBc-00092-00026455-00026755": "Tryndamere, desperate to", "euIg3eRmfBc-00093-00026755-00026855": "prove his worth,", "euIg3eRmfBc-00094-00026914-00027187": "savagely beating any who would face him.", "euIg3eRmfBc-00095-00027286-00027597": "As Braum watched, he saw that", "euIg3eRmfBc-00096-00027597-00027886": "Tryndamere was growing increasingly unhinged.", "euIg3eRmfBc-00097-00027889-00028192": "During one duel, he was so lost in", "euIg3eRmfBc-00098-00028192-00028413": "his fury that it seemed", "euIg3eRmfBc-00099-00028413-00028627": "certain he would kill his opponent,", "euIg3eRmfBc-00100-00028657-00028882": "despite having already prevailed.", "euIg3eRmfBc-00101-00028979-00029265": "Deciding things had gone", "euIg3eRmfBc-00102-00029265-00029365": "far enough,", "euIg3eRmfBc-00103-00029381-00029668": "Braum planted himself in front of the downed fighter,", "euIg3eRmfBc-00104-00029761-00030048": "shield raised, and Tryndamere hacked", "euIg3eRmfBc-00105-00030048-00030340": "and smashed against the impenetrable bulwark.", "euIg3eRmfBc-00106-00030418-00030718": "When the barbarian’s rage finally subsided,", "euIg3eRmfBc-00107-00030761-00031053": "Braum’s good humor", "euIg3eRmfBc-00108-00031053-00031153": "won him over,", "euIg3eRmfBc-00109-00031189-00031502": "and before long the pair were laughing and", "euIg3eRmfBc-00110-00031502-00031689": "drinking to each other’s health.", "euIg3eRmfBc-00111-00031832-00032173": "Some even say that it was Braum who first introduced Tryndamere", "euIg3eRmfBc-00112-00032173-00032273": "to Ashe.", "euIg3eRmfBc-00113-00032291-00032564": "The barbarian would later marry her,", "euIg3eRmfBc-00114-00032564-00032823": "becoming her only bloodsworn.", "euIg3eRmfBc-00115-00032895-00033172": "Braum doesn’t hold any", "euIg3eRmfBc-00116-00033172-00033469": "particular tribal allegiance, for he views", "euIg3eRmfBc-00117-00033469-00033726": "all within the Freljord", "euIg3eRmfBc-00118-00033726-00033826": "as brothers and sisters.", "euIg3eRmfBc-00119-00033858-00034123": "Even so, he sees", "euIg3eRmfBc-00120-00034123-00034432": "in Ashe someone who can end the centuries-", "euIg3eRmfBc-00121-00034432-00034734": "old feuding among the Freljord’s tribes,", "euIg3eRmfBc-00122-00034734-00034982": "and the Avarosans", "euIg3eRmfBc-00123-00034982-00035249": "have informally adopted him into their number.", "euIg3eRmfBc-00124-00035413-00035650": "Braum’s dream, as he often tells adoring children,", "euIg3eRmfBc-00125-00035660-00035931": "is that someday the Freljord will be united", "euIg3eRmfBc-00126-00035931-00036214": "in one big family…", "euIg3eRmfBc-00127-00036234-00036535": "and then he can retire", "euIg3eRmfBc-00128-00036535-00036792": "to become a humble poro herder.", "euIg3eRmfBc-00129-00036888-00037214": "Though Braum counts no one as his enemy,", "euIg3eRmfBc-00130-00037268-00037483": "he has had a few run-ins", "euIg3eRmfBc-00131-00037483-00037703": "with the Frostguard", "euIg3eRmfBc-00132-00037703-00038008": "since he started carrying his shield.", "euIg3eRmfBc-00133-00038028-00038330": "He doesn’t understand why they have a grudge against him,", "euIg3eRmfBc-00134-00038330-00038616": "nor why they seem so interested in what he now bears…"}}, {"audio_id": "ev82XVvMQOI", "text": {"ev82XVvMQOI-00000-00000000-00000758": "Kate Middleton and Prince William, the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, spend every Christmas with the royal family at Sandringham.", "ev82XVvMQOI-00001-00000963-00001838": "Along with their children, Prince George, Princess Charlotte and Prince Louis, they join the family for a strictly royals-only dinner and trip to church.", "ev82XVvMQOI-00002-00002043-00002842": "Kate, now being future Queen and mother to three heirs to the throne, is of course, invited to the festive celebrations.", "ev82XVvMQOI-00003-00003047-00004170": "However, Kate Middleton was already invited into the royal Christmas traditions long before Prince William even popped the question and, in turn, paved the way for Meghan Markle to do the same.", "ev82XVvMQOI-00004-00004375-00005488": "In 2011 book “The Making of a Royal Romance” by Katie Nicholl, the expert claims that, in 2006, Kate was invited to Sandringham for Christmas dinner with the royal family.", "ev82XVvMQOI-00005-00005693-00006312": "According to Ms Nicholl, this was “the first time a girlfriend had received such an invitation”.", "ev82XVvMQOI-00006-00006517-00007086": "The year before, Kate was also invited to attend the traditional Boxing Day shoot with the family.", "ev82XVvMQOI-00007-00007291-00008318": "Kate’s break in royal protocol made it less surprising in 2017 when Meghan Markle also joined the royals at Sandringham for Christmas, even though she was not yet married.", "ev82XVvMQOI-00008-00008524-00009548": "Meghan and Prince Harry had only been engaged for one month before Kate, William, Harry and Meghan were all pictured arriving at a church in Sandringham on Christmas Day.", "ev82XVvMQOI-00009-00009753-00010364": "In 2006 – when Kate broke royal tradition – the Duchess was far from getting engaged.", "ev82XVvMQOI-00010-00010569-00011159": "At the time, William is believed to have been having “second thoughts” about his relationship with Kate.", "ev82XVvMQOI-00011-00011364-00012041": "William is said to have sat down with his father Prince Charles and the Queen to have a “frank” discussion about his future.", "ev82XVvMQOI-00012-00012246-00012664": "Both Charles and the Queen “advised him not to hurry into anything”.", "ev82XVvMQOI-00013-00012869-00013483": "After a turbulent romance, William finally proposed in 2010 during a trip to Kenya.", "ev82XVvMQOI-00014-00013689-00014277": "The couple married at Westminster Abbey in 2011 in front of millions of people worldwide."}}, {"audio_id": "evgPbaq0hbc", "text": {"evgPbaq0hbc-00000-00000009-00000662": "word/numbering.xml uTgT )9rK word/settings.xml 5l~q} word/fontTable.xml *j+Uq yJ~| P'-b 2Ay{", "evgPbaq0hbc-00001-00000662-00001318": "Fm^d |CsZ word/_rels/fontTable.xml.rels @Bm9 vDTM6 (3)% DS\"= word/styles.xml BaP4 |:^M", "evgPbaq0hbc-00002-00001318-00002303": "R[/2g 0-eLk :w^4+U- N]\\S T!@vQ ,|D 6v`o Vg|Fe k4uoL H}jY oG:7 57Ef V|Mn {#T@ 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Because i did't want waste time.", "evyCQdhUrdE-00006-00006210-00007051": "About one month left until the end of the year. I cheer for your gift-like day.", "evyCQdhUrdE-00007-00007051-00007430": "First, plan everyday", "evyCQdhUrdE-00008-00007630-00007886": "Start recording on the 19th This screen is Google Calendar.", "evyCQdhUrdE-00009-00007886-00008278": "Change the units to a week to look good.", "evyCQdhUrdE-00010-00008476-00008860": "wm..", "evyCQdhUrdE-00011-00008860-00009157": "3 o'clock is a stupid time.. What are you doing?", "evyCQdhUrdE-00012-00009157-00009613": "What are you doing in the miracle morning?", "evyCQdhUrdE-00013-00009862-00010067": "I think I'm sleeping with my mouth open.", "evyCQdhUrdE-00014-00010067-00010307": "I clean the mouth, because my mouth is bad", "evyCQdhUrdE-00015-00010524-00010882": "And I drink water.", "evyCQdhUrdE-00016-00011184-00011384": "um..", "evyCQdhUrdE-00017-00011477-00011712": "Get up and plan within 15 minutes.", "evyCQdhUrdE-00018-00011921-00012139": "be not easy. change modify~", "evyCQdhUrdE-00019-00012174-00012322": "15 minutes delay.", "evyCQdhUrdE-00020-00012448-00012902": "Plan is my plan. So I do whatever I want.", "evyCQdhUrdE-00021-00013178-00013640": "In the morning, I write on a blog by referring to this book yesterday.", "evyCQdhUrdE-00022-00013640-00014145": "It's good time", "evyCQdhUrdE-00023-00014145-00015564": "Habits that repeat every day are automatically entered when set in Repeat.", "evyCQdhUrdE-00024-00015786-00016291": "I checked it everyday.", "evyCQdhUrdE-00025-00016353-00017014": "Turn off the alarm. it's stress.", "evyCQdhUrdE-00026-00017067-00017552": "Turn off alarm for action after waking up. it's stress.", "evyCQdhUrdE-00027-00017817-00018082": "4:30", "evyCQdhUrdE-00028-00018082-00018335": "Read the economic newspaper", "evyCQdhUrdE-00029-00018335-00018787": "it's Happy. LOL", "evyCQdhUrdE-00030-00019576-00019842": "Newspapers come from Monday to Saturday.", "evyCQdhUrdE-00031-00019842-00020135": "Set to custom.", "evyCQdhUrdE-00032-00020720-00021000": "How many repeats?", "evyCQdhUrdE-00033-00021040-00021510": "There is a word called 'Neunggu' in The Myongsimbogam.", "evyCQdhUrdE-00034-00021510-00022067": "To become premature, you have to repeat it over and over again.", "evyCQdhUrdE-00035-00022067-00022555": "I usually repeat 70 times, 10 weeks.", "evyCQdhUrdE-00036-00023020-00023247": "When you click save,", "evyCQdhUrdE-00037-00023485-00023724": "Well made right?", "evyCQdhUrdE-00038-00023951-00024371": "Now, plan your day.", "evyCQdhUrdE-00039-00024371-00024664": "10 minutes of walking every morning", "evyCQdhUrdE-00040-00025039-00025413": "1 hour of exercise every morning at 6:00", "evyCQdhUrdE-00041-00025669-00026038": "It is convenient to set the exercise area by day of the week.", "evyCQdhUrdE-00042-00026231-00026482": "Study while driving to work", "evyCQdhUrdE-00043-00026618-00026861": "I mainly listen to reading using The Millie's book.", "evyCQdhUrdE-00044-00026861-00027124": "It is a miracle of 10,000 won. I recommend it.", "evyCQdhUrdE-00045-00027621-00028095": "Can’t I just read and finish?", "evyCQdhUrdE-00046-00028095-00028648": "It is essential to make someone else's speech into your own language.", "evyCQdhUrdE-00047-00029114-00029817": "I recommend writing to make it in my language. You can write my language in my style.", "evyCQdhUrdE-00048-00029817-00030180": "Check and save everyday.", "evyCQdhUrdE-00049-00030281-00030623": "Edit the calendar to include reading topics by day of the week.", "evyCQdhUrdE-00050-00030623-00031036": "It is not a sound from your mouth. :)"}}, {"audio_id": "evPLGpafqgc", "text": {"evPLGpafqgc-00000-00000000-00000224": "(lighthearted music)", "evPLGpafqgc-00001-00000224-00000422": "- Homewood, the community I come from,", "evPLGpafqgc-00002-00000422-00000585": "we're a big band place.", "evPLGpafqgc-00003-00000585-00000969": "I've been drummin' since I was in sixth grade.", "evPLGpafqgc-00004-00000969-00001325": "It's just something I knew I wanted to do once I got here.", "evPLGpafqgc-00005-00001325-00001512": "And meeting the right people, with a lot of practice", "evPLGpafqgc-00006-00001512-00001595": "and a lot of hard work,", "evPLGpafqgc-00007-00001595-00001802": "I made it into the Million Dollar Band.", "evPLGpafqgc-00008-00001802-00002141": "Nothing is gonna beat being at Bryant-Denny,", "evPLGpafqgc-00009-00002141-00002285": "especially at night.", "evPLGpafqgc-00010-00002285-00002555": "That first buzz roll of pre-game,", "evPLGpafqgc-00011-00002555-00002747": "when everything starts off,", "evPLGpafqgc-00012-00002747-00002898": "there's no better feeling than that.", "evPLGpafqgc-00013-00002898-00003137": "The MDB has, by far and away, been", "evPLGpafqgc-00014-00003137-00003533": "one of my best college experiences since I've gotten here.", "evPLGpafqgc-00015-00003533-00003809": "Joining organizations gets you into smaller", "evPLGpafqgc-00016-00003809-00004049": "communities and really makes this place smaller", "evPLGpafqgc-00017-00004049-00004271": "and helps you find your family and your niche.", "evPLGpafqgc-00018-00004271-00004494": "Being involved in SGA, especially this past year", "evPLGpafqgc-00019-00004494-00004698": "with the elections and things of that nature,", "evPLGpafqgc-00020-00004698-00004919": "I know I want to be a politician.", "evPLGpafqgc-00021-00004919-00005099": "Oddly enough, I really enjoy that kind of thing.", "evPLGpafqgc-00022-00005099-00005296": "Shaking hands, meeting a lot of people,", "evPLGpafqgc-00023-00005296-00005551": "helping folks out here and there.", "evPLGpafqgc-00024-00005551-00005997": "I'd really love to be the first African-American governor", "evPLGpafqgc-00025-00005997-00006130": "of the state of Alabama.", "evPLGpafqgc-00026-00006130-00006371": "This place isn't as big as people think it is, because", "evPLGpafqgc-00027-00006371-00006634": "you're gonna meet so many people in many different aspects.", "evPLGpafqgc-00028-00006634-00006872": "And that's gonna really shrink it down to your", "evPLGpafqgc-00029-00006872-00007102": "community and your specific family of friends."}}, {"audio_id": "evSLyNPAWPc", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "evYTanwcDTy", "text": {"evYTanwcDTy-00000-00000050-00000150": "ALS ICE BUCKET CHALLENGE ACCEPTED"}}, {"audio_id": "ewuMe6rt_wU", "text": {"ewuMe6rt_wU-00000-00000816-00001202": "I wanted to talk about residents questionnaires in permanent resident", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00001-00001203-00001601": "card renewal application sometimes when you apply for the renewal of your card", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00002-00001601-00002055": "immigration might send you a letter usually call it a residence", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00003-00002055-00002460": "questionnaire it's essentially additional forms and a request for", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00004-00002460-00002898": "additional documents for immigration to see if you actually live in Canada", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00005-00002898-00003329": "during the time that you claimed in your renewal application because there are", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00006-00003329-00003680": "some people that apply for the renewal of their card but they don't actually", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00007-00003680-00004257": "live in Canada the days that they said they did immigration the last couple", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00008-00004257-00004635": "of years has been sending these questionnaires just to confirm that the", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00009-00004635-00005078": "information is true what I recommend is when you apply for your PR card renewal", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00010-00005078-00005730": "to make sure that, on your end you keep a very detailed excel sheet of all your", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00011-00005730-00006200": "ins and outs of Canada so if you are somebody that travels a lot for vacation", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00012-00006201-00006543": "or work or various reasons it's important when you're a permanent", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00013-00006543-00006995": "resident to keep track of all those dates so that if in the event that you", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00014-00006995-00007298": "could get a residence questionnaire and there are some of my clients who have", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00015-00007298-00007748": "lived the entire time, you know five years out of five in Canada and they", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00016-00007748-00008193": "still get the residence questionnaire so if you do travel frequently or even not", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00017-00008193-00008690": "that frequently keep track of your dates keep a record of keep copies of your", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00018-00008690-00009189": "confirmation your flights itineraries your flight confirmations if you have a", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00019-00009189-00009534": "passport and you renewed your passport keep your old passport because that's", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00020-00009534-00010020": "going to have the snaps there's a lot of people that they throw away or they ask", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00021-00010020-00010325": "immigration to keep the old passport I recommend you always keep your old", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00022-00010325-00010817": "passport as well and any other information that shows why you traveled", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00023-00010817-00011210": "and where you travel so if you're traveling for work keep documentation so", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00024-00011210-00011567": "that in the event that you do get the residence questionnaire you already have", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00025-00011567-00012039": "a lot of that information ready I have a lot of clients that travel a lot for", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00026-00012039-00012461": "work and sometimes they travel for Canadian employers so the time that they", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00027-00012461-00012747": "spend outside is I actually counts towards a residency", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00028-00012747-00013479": "but when they hire me to do the renewal they have no evidence of their travels I", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00029-00013479-00014031": "don't keep my flight confirmations, I didn't book the flights, I don't know", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00030-00014031-00014591": "where how often I traveled I traveled every week five days a week for work how", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00031-00014591-00014874": "am I going to get that information it gets very overwhelming", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00032-00014874-00015357": "so if you do travel keep track of that information that way when immigration", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00033-00015357-00015879": "comes to you and asks for income tax returns, flight confirmation passport", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00034-00015879-00016445": "stamps dates a health records sometimes immigration will ask you to apply for", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00035-00016445-00016800": "exit entry records or health records or other things you're already going to", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00036-00016800-00017214": "have a lot of work to do but at least if you already kept a good file of all", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00037-00017214-00017631": "your other documentation that way you can supplement the file or you can give", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00038-00017631-00018147": "extra information so that your residence questionnaire can be properly processed", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00039-00018147-00018549": "it could be processed fast and hopefully approved that way your permanent", "ewuMe6rt_wU-00040-00018549-00018998": "resident card can be renewed as well. Thank you and see you next time!"}}, {"audio_id": "ex6Q2i-z45E", "text": {"ex6Q2i-z45E-00000-00000206-00000415": "Male Speaker: Lita, you're setting a terrible example.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00001-00000415-00000515": "[laughter]", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00002-00000515-00000615": "We need to be using microphones.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00003-00000615-00000854": "Lita Proctor: Okay, pardon me. Where did Ed go? There he", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00004-00000854-00001408": "is. Okay, I'll go up there with you. So Ed Yong, who's a science writer, obviously a", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00005-00001408-00001775": "very well-known blogger, too, a science writer for Nature and National Geographic, kindly,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00006-00001775-00002502": "kindly offered to moderate our open floor sessions. So the goal here is to really get", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00007-00002502-00003100": "the group talking, basically based on Owen's charge of what are the current gaps, needs,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00008-00003100-00003520": "and challenges for this field considering how diverse the population is.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00009-00003520-00003857": "So I think Ed wants to maybe kick-start the conversation --", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00010-00003857-00003957": "Ed Yong: Sure, yep.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00011-00003957-00004116": "Lita Proctor: -- and I'm going to just sort of wander down", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00012-00004116-00004216": "here --", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00013-00004216-00004316": "Ed Yong: Yeah.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00014-00004316-00004416": "Lita Proctor: Okay?", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00015-00004416-00004530": "Ed Yong: Thanks. Hi, everyone. It's --", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00016-00004530-00004683": "Lita Proctor: Oh, and I'm sorry, one more thing. Chris and", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00017-00004683-00005091": "Nick are going to be taking notes from this Open Floor so we'll have a record of all the", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00018-00005091-00005273": "Open Floor discussions. Thanks.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00019-00005273-00005596": "Ed Yong: Okay. Hi, everyone. It's a pleasure to be", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00020-00005596-00006125": "here, and to finally get to put so many faces to citations. I've written about a lot of", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00021-00006125-00006667": "your work before, and it's a fascinating field of science. Please do ask questions. We are", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00022-00006667-00007197": "relying on you to be piercing and insightful to your colleagues. If you do not do that,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00023-00007197-00007715": "then I, the journalist, will be forced to ask ridiculous and dumb-ass questions in place.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00024-00007715-00008209": "So it is in your interests to speak up. Our four panelists here are meant to be lightning", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00025-00008209-00008634": "rods for that discussion, and a lot of our other panelists who you heard from today are", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00026-00008634-00009097": "in the front and they will answer questions as well. But we want this to be a very open", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00027-00009097-00009678": "discussion, so feel free to answer each other's questions, and, you know, let's make it a", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00028-00009678-00009953": "very open, free-form chat.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00029-00009953-00010253": "Lita Proctor: However, unlike what I just did, please make", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00030-00010253-00010703": "sure and use the mics. There are mics peppered throughout the room. I'm also willing to share", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00031-00010703-00011274": "mine, and I think there's a couple of others floating around. So if you want to ask a question", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00032-00011274-00011696": "or comment, please make sure and line up to the mic. Thanks.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00033-00011696-00011952": "Ed Yong: And also this is the first of three sessions,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00034-00011952-00012321": "so we obviously have lots of time to cover a lot of the areas that we're talking about", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00035-00012321-00012944": "in the next few days, like translational aspects. So let's talk about big-picture stuff: tools,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00036-00012944-00013266": "resources, all the issues that you've heard about today already.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00037-00013266-00013679": "So I'm going to open with a question that one of your microbiologist colleagues who", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00038-00013679-00014233": "isn't here sent me via email. He couldn't make it. I'm sure he's cackling with glee.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00039-00014233-00014891": "I mean, it's this: Many group -- different groups have recently said that they know and", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00040-00014891-00015565": "understand the key to various complex human phenotypes and the rise of various human ailments.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00041-00015565-00016126": "Some think it's epigenetics, others have touted copy number of variation. And now we're seeing", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00042-00016126-00016773": "that a lot of people are saying it's the microbiome. So the question is this: Is that hype, or", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00043-00016773-00017239": "is there truly something special here?", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00044-00017239-00017586": "[laughter]", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00045-00017586-00017715": "Would any of the panelists like to --", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00046-00017715-00018365": "Male Speaker: I mean, to me, it's not complete hype. I think", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00047-00018365-00018912": "that, you know, anybody who claims they have the key, and there's only one, I think that's", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00048-00018912-00019778": "nonsense. I think the microbiome is a component of a complex system that involves -- I think", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00049-00019778-00020403": "we've seen it here today -- not just the microbes, the host, the immune system of the host, and", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00050-00020403-00021065": "so on. And I think that without understanding the microbiome component of that complex system,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00051-00021065-00021498": "we're not going to get the big picture of all those phenotype, okay?", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00052-00021498-00022189": "Ed Yong: Okay, so that's my view, too. And does anyone", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00053-00022189-00022889": "else have any views on that, or -- [laughs] Microphone's disappeared.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00054-00022889-00023217": "Male Speaker: [inaudible] going on, can I ask anything?", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00055-00023217-00023800": "So at least in America, on TV we more and more advertisements for probiotics that'll", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00056-00023800-00024295": "make you feel better. So is that part of the hype here, or do any of the speakers feel", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00057-00024295-00024845": "that, yes, you can manipulate, through some organisms, the health and wellbeing of patients", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00058-00024845-00025078": "with regard to specific diseases.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00059-00025078-00025354": "Ed Yong: So one think I thought was that we could leave", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00060-00025354-00025823": "the probiotic discussions for the third day; we're just focused on the translational aspects", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00061-00025823-00026344": "of the work today. So I'm going to write that down, and we'll lead off with that for the", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00062-00026344-00026680": "third of these discussions. But, Martin, do you want to go?", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00063-00026680-00027119": "Martin Blaser: Yeah. So I want to respond to this question", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00064-00027119-00027827": "about whether it's hype or not. The short answer is nobody knows yet. But we have a", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00065-00027827-00028645": "lot of diseases that have increased dramatically in a relatively short period of time of human", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00066-00028645-00029400": "existence. In 50 years certain diseases have gone up 100 percent, 200 percent, 500 percent,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00067-00029400-00030014": "enormous changes. Changes in the human genome can't account for that. On the other hand,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00068-00030014-00030752": "we have lots of data that is emerging that the microbiome is quite plastic, and is subject,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00069-00030752-00031568": "as David mentioned, to lots of different kinds of perturbations. And so it's at least a testable", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00070-00031568-00032202": "series of hypotheses that perturbation in the microbiome is of sufficient magnitude", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00071-00032202-00032588": "to account for many of these changes in disease incidence.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00072-00032588-00033056": "Ed Yong: All right, thank you. So do we have any questions", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00073-00033056-00033275": "from the audience?", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00074-00033275-00033843": "Male Speaker: So we hear lots and lots and lots about DNA", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00075-00033843-00034219": "sequencing, right? There's hardly any other techniques out there. Is there any room for", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00076-00034219-00034652": "any other techniques, given the power of DNA sequencing and data analysis, or is it -- is", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00077-00034652-00035188": "the future just going to be DNA sequencing, both in the clinic analysis studies and so", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00078-00035188-00035288": "on?", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00079-00035288-00035972": "Female Speaker: Is that one for me? [laughs] I'll take it.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00080-00035972-00036843": "So I think that DNA sequencing is foundational. And so -- that we need is the platform of", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00081-00036843-00037350": "many of the other techniques. But I think that other techniques are highly complementary.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00082-00037350-00037923": "They're not as well-developed, perhaps, as the DNA sequencing, but I've -- we're starting", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00083-00037923-00038425": "to see a trend, for example, with proteomics in development of the technologies that are,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00084-00038425-00038894": "I mean, considerably lagging behind being able to produce as much information as the", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00085-00038894-00039674": "DNA sequencing. But there is the upwards trajectory there. So I predict that in maybe 10 years'", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00086-00039674-00040441": "time or so we will have sufficient data from other types of data sets like proteomics to", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00087-00040441-00040781": "complement the sequencing. But right now we're very sequencing centric.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00088-00040781-00041191": "Rob Knight: And I'd just like to add to that that a lot", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00089-00041191-00041680": "of the tools that are -- a lot of the analysis tools that were originally developed for DNA", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00090-00041680-00042429": "sequence now also is including months that Greg and Curtis and I have put together. Those", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00091-00042429-00042947": "are equally applicable to other kinds of datasets. So all the stuff that I showed you, for example,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00092-00042947-00043497": "there's absolutely no reason we can't do that. I would say measure transcriptomics and metaproteomics,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00093-00043497-00043888": "except you're not going to get thousands of samples anytime soon, which is the volume", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00094-00043888-00044587": "of data that you need to use, so those kinds of visualizations. But all of that type of", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00095-00044587-00045161": "data, including both taxonomic and functional data, can slide right into a lot of analysis", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00096-00045161-00045519": "methods that you're familiar with from DNA studies.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00097-00045519-00045874": "Male Speaker: So if I could just comment. I like Sarkis", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00098-00045874-00046446": "Mazmanian's line, I think it was, that he was doing experimentomics, and that, you know,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00099-00046446-00046980": "the whole idea of doing hypothesis-driven experiments based on genomic data, and then", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00100-00046980-00047393": "following up on aspects of the hypothesis with biochemistry, structural biology, whatever,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00101-00047393-00047900": "and get to new studies, you might then do with omics methods, and then back again to", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00102-00047900-00048505": "develop a richer picture. And I think already we're seeing some of the -- many of the high-impact", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00103-00048505-00049113": "papers with microbiome-type data also have an array of other kinds of stuff, immunology,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00104-00049113-00049653": "whatever, that fleshes it out and turns it from being descriptive to mechanistic. And", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00105-00049653-00050000": "I think that's a pretty strong theme in the last couple of years.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00106-00050000-00050208": "Ed Yong: Thanks.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00107-00050208-00050819": "Male Speaker: So one of my questions -- when I looked at", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00108-00050819-00051118": "Rob's discussion about the America Gut, and I think that's an absolutely wonderful project,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00109-00051118-00051507": "it's, you know, the project where you're starting to really get an idea of really human biodiversity;", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00110-00051507-00051912": "it's an opportunity to look at human biodiversity of the human gut. But then it makes me think", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00111-00051912-00052523": "about what we often affectionately refer to as the normal cohort. And this normal cohort", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00112-00052523-00053012": "is 80 percent white and affluent, largely students from universities in urban areas,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00113-00053012-00053629": "and I wonder is that okay? I mean, maybe it is, maybe the design is fine and it's going", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00114-00053629-00054057": "to really help us move forward, but do we need to start representing a more diversity", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00115-00054057-00054444": "of people, even within our own country. And if we're going to do that, how are we going", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00116-00054444-00054829": "to get it done because these smaller pockets of money, or side projects like the America", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00117-00054829-00055360": "Gut, which are, again, absolutely wonderful, if that really enough to get the job done?", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00118-00055360-00055845": "And so I guess that's my question, is if our -- one of our charges was to evaluate the", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00119-00055845-00056454": "core human microbiome, which implies a human biological diversity project, that implies", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00120-00056454-00057038": "a biodiversity project, did we really even touch that? So thank you.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00121-00057038-00057570": "Rob Knight: So it would be absolutely spectacular if NIH", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00122-00057570-00058151": "were to fund a human microbiome diversity project on the scale of the Human Genome Diversity", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00123-00058151-00058887": "Project that was done as part of the Human Genome Project. We just don't have -- so we", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00124-00058887-00059395": "just don't have a good stratified sample that covers diversity. That would be a far, far", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00125-00059395-00059875": "more efficient way to do it than self-participation. But at the same time, it has been very difficult", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00126-00059875-00060469": "to get a project like that funded, at least to date. And it's not entirely clear to me", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00127-00060469-00060866": "why reviewers hate it so much. Maybe a bunch of them are in the audience and would like", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00128-00060866-00061091": "to comment on that --", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00129-00061091-00061191": "[laughter]", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00130-00061191-00061592": "-- but getting that kind of, you know, getting that kind of project going would really expand", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00131-00061592-00062130": "what we know about the human microbiome, what we know about how it can vary, and what the", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00132-00062130-00062883": "major factors are underlying that variation. And so crowd-sourced and crowd-funded projects", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00133-00062883-00063297": "have got to go some way towards that, but it's going to be a long time before that type", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00134-00063297-00063676": "of project can get the infrastructure that you would need to do the sampling properly", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00135-00063676-00064104": "if you were going to use it for epidemiology, for example.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00136-00064104-00064599": "Ed Yong: Gentleman [spelled phonetically] over there.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00137-00064599-00065120": "Male Speaker: So, actually along the same theme, I really", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00138-00065120-00065932": "wanted to applaud, Rob, your paper about studying the meta of studies. And personally, I'm beginning", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00139-00065932-00066574": "to get a little bit of an anxiety disorder about facility effects in animal studies.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00140-00066574-00067022": "We're seeing a lot of good animal studies, but, as we saw, you know, different mouse", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00141-00067022-00067851": "providers, different bacterial backgrounds, and I wonder, I think we may need a real Manhattan", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00142-00067851-00068373": "project, in a sense, to address some of our key large animal models, some of our key small", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00143-00068373-00069179": "animal models across multiple vendors, multiple strains, multiple facilities, and do that", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00144-00069179-00069777": "sort of ahead of time rather than post-facto because it might be a little bit hard to disentangle", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00145-00069777-00070004": "after the fact.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00146-00070004-00070123": "Rob Knight: Yeah, again, if I could just comment on that", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00147-00070123-00070802": "briefly. So the -- so Pharma has a huge amount of data, but unfortunately you can't have", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00148-00070802-00071429": "it. In addition to the facility effects, there are also huge cage effects, and so doing things", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00149-00071429-00072058": "like looking at genotype effects in the context littermates, replicating them across multiple", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00150-00072058-00072544": "cages, and additionally replicating them across multiple facilities can be really critical.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00151-00072544-00073052": "In the interest of time, I dropped a bunch of data that we have on that specifically.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00152-00073052-00073622": "So in that case, I'm not sure we need -- so that is one of the cases where I think we", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00153-00073622-00074098": "can do that by a distributed project rather than the centralized project because there's", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00154-00074098-00074720": "enough cases where the same mutation has been re-derived multiple times. Or where you have", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00155-00074720-00075126": "mice that have been shipped between facilities and so forth, that as long as people are able", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00156-00075126-00075650": "to very accurately record what they did, where they got the mice from, what the mutation", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00157-00075650-00076199": "was, and so forth, have they been fed in the way that Owen was describing very nicely in", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00158-00076199-00076666": "his talk, that's exactly the kind of distributed project where it would be a little bit of", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00159-00076666-00077244": "administrative burden for everyone rather than a giant centralized $100 million project", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00160-00077244-00077788": "to even get off the ground. But I think collecting that data would be absolutely -- would be", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00161-00077788-00078319": "absolutely invaluable for making a lot of progress and figuring out what you can reproduce.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00162-00078319-00078745": "Male Speaker: If I could make a comment on that. We recently", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00163-00078745-00079281": "completed a study where we studied fungi as well as bacteria, and we saw wave after wave", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00164-00079281-00079696": "of fungal colonization in a cage-specific way, even in our controls. So I think it's", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00165-00079696-00080144": "probably even worse with fungi than it is with bacteria. But one thing you can do, at", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00166-00080144-00080741": "least with bacteria, just a element of the design is use a lot of cages for your controls,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00167-00080741-00081250": "use a lot of cages for your experimental, and then permute by cage and try to treat", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00168-00081250-00081702": "that as a variable from the start in your design, and then ask if you have a signal", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00169-00081702-00081862": "over the cage effect.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00170-00081862-00082329": "Male Speaker: If I can -- Ed, if I can speak here?", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00171-00082329-00082429": "Ed Yong: Sure, yep.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00172-00082429-00082598": "Male Speaker: Just to add a little bit to that. I mean,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00173-00082598-00083091": "I think certainly for those studying the immune system, I think for the last 30 or 40 years", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00174-00083091-00083782": "there's been enormous variability in the kinds of results that have been reported for various", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00175-00083782-00084298": "autoimmune diseases. And I think now it's appreciated, much of it has to do with the", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00176-00084298-00084824": "source of the colony. Now, it's becoming obvious that it goes way beyond the immune system.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00177-00084824-00085364": "And, of course, we've heard some other things. Recently, people in the autism field have", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00178-00085364-00086149": "found that they cannot reproduce behavioral defects that they have with particular mutations", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00179-00086149-00086691": "in autism genes. And it hasn't yet been shown that that's related to microbiota. It could", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00180-00086691-00087186": "be related to feeding, to other conditions, but I think many of us would not be surprised", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00181-00087186-00087470": "if that's what it's going to -- what it's going to be.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00182-00087470-00088337": "So I think we do need some kind of an appreciation of what constitutes a basic microbiota, certainly", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00183-00088337-00089048": "for rodent studies. You can definitely see with something like SFB, maybe SFB is an outlier,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00184-00089048-00089598": "but it affects a lot of different disease processes, you know, in mouse models. And", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00185-00089598-00090269": "I do think that we need to have some kind of better monitoring so we can do comparisons", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00186-00090269-00090369": "across the board.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00187-00090369-00090598": "Ed Yong: Okay, there's a question there at the study", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00188-00090598-00090698": "mic.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00189-00090698-00090826": "Lita Proctor: I think she's first.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00190-00090826-00090957": "Ed Yong: Okay, sure.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00191-00090957-00091302": "Female Speaker: So I just want to go back to Owen's charge", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00192-00091302-00091752": "a second about potential gaps in knowledge, and move a little bit away from computational", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00193-00091752-00092512": "gaps and more into the concept of study design gaps. And so I'm interested in people's feedback", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00194-00092512-00093343": "to the issue of how do we actually power up metagenomics studies? You know, from the Wash", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00195-00093343-00093812": "U group, we have some derelict multinomials some to how we actually can adequately power", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00196-00093812-00094400": "metagenomic studies, but I don't think that we adequate have described, depending upon", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00197-00094400-00094876": "which type of metagenomic analysis we're going to do, when have we actually adequately powered", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00198-00094876-00095155": "a study to detect the differences that we do.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00199-00095155-00095675": "And the second kind of gap in terms of study design I think is important to think about", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00200-00095675-00096155": "is we've all published, in various forms, about all kinds of different stratification", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00201-00096155-00096658": "that we see, either whether we're talking about the HMP reference dataset, which I will", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00202-00096658-00097143": "comment back, was actually very well representative of the U.S. population at large. We were just", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00203-00097143-00097781": "shy of 30 percent of non-Caucasians, and we had good race and ethnicity looking across", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00204-00097781-00098330": "the U.S. as a whole. It was very representative, actually. But when we're starting to think", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00205-00098330-00098872": "about these stratified analysis, when we're looking into all of our different datasets,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00206-00098872-00099379": "we know that males and females have very different profiles across multiple body sites, and we", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00207-00099379-00099924": "don't always go ahead and stratify our analysis into male and female, or stratify our analysis", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00208-00099924-00100088": "by race or ethnicity.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00209-00100088-00100806": "And the third kind of gap that I potentially see in terms of our study design gaps is really", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00210-00100806-00101348": "thinking about when we're doing different types of stratified analysis and how we're", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00211-00101348-00101906": "going to look at our data, whether or not, if we give any given moment in time, what", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00212-00101906-00102376": "we call healthier reference is always going to be amendable to change, especially if we're", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00213-00102376-00102858": "working in younger reproductive age populations, simply because disease manifestations haven't", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00214-00102858-00103385": "taken hold. And so it's important to remember that a fixed phenotype in a moment in time", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00215-00103385-00103858": "will not always be true, necessarily, as that time goes on, and the importance of actually", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00216-00103858-00104394": "looking at that in a broader, kind of longitudinal DB gap dataset. That becomes a little bit", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00217-00104394-00104893": "problematic because it means that investigators actually have to update their phenotypic data.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00218-00104893-00105354": "But there have been some of us that are associated with CTSA and other clinical trial networks", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00219-00105354-00105832": "in which we actually do update our phenotypic data over time so people know how those disease", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00220-00105832-00105965": "sites change.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00221-00105965-00106532": "So I'm curious in other people's feedback and thoughts in thinking about study design,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00222-00106532-00106941": "and whether or not these are good knowledge gaps for us to be approaching in thinking", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00223-00106941-00107173": "about moving forward.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00224-00107173-00107933": "Ed Yong: Does anyone have any response to that?", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00225-00107933-00108359": "Male Speaker: Sounds good to me.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00226-00108359-00108459": "[laughter]", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00227-00108459-00108730": "Those are -- I agree that those are gaps.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00228-00108730-00109122": "Rob Knight: Okay. R. A. Fisher wrote a lot about good", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00229-00109122-00109846": "study design in the 1920s, and it's still true, and, you know, with reading that literature.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00230-00109846-00110347": "But I think especially as the sample sizes start to increase, people have done large", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00231-00110347-00110999": "cohort studies, especially epidemiologists have had to deal with large, multifarious", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00232-00110999-00111663": "data collections before really having a lot to offer in figuring out how to standardize", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00233-00111663-00112304": "large studies, how to figure out batch effects, and either reduce them or detrend for them.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00234-00112304-00112877": "And as Rick said, having multi-factorial studies of science where you can explicitly take things", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00235-00112877-00113494": "like cage, or sampling plate, or that kind of thing into account is really useful. So,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00236-00113494-00113930": "for example, if you're running all over your time point zero, one plate with one sequencing", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00237-00113930-00114439": "technology, and then waiting two years, then sequencing your experimental cases with, like,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00238-00114439-00114817": "a different technology, you'll probably find some differences, but you probably don't want", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00239-00114817-00115182": "to attribute them to the phenotype rather than the technology, unless you've done the", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00240-00115182-00115282": "appropriate controls. Although you'd --", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00241-00115282-00115382": "Female Speaker: And I --", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00242-00115382-00115576": "Rob Knight: -- be surprised by often that happens.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00243-00115576-00115894": "Female Speaker: And I think building on that, I mean, a multi-factorial", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00244-00115894-00116453": "study design is incredibly difficult in clinical research to power, too. It's very difficult,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00245-00116453-00117034": "but in this type, it's even worse. And most of our power analysis that we're trying to", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00246-00117034-00117568": "do is based upon very high biomass samples. And as we move into regions of low biomass", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00247-00117568-00118026": "samples, it becomes even more convoluted because you're getting much fewer microbial reads", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00248-00118026-00118554": "per sample to try to actually power to. So I think those are huge gaps in our knowledge", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00249-00118554-00119036": "in trying to design good studies is then even thinking about, is it a high or low biomass", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00250-00119036-00119136": "sample?", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00251-00119136-00119477": "Rob Knight: Yeah. With respect to power, I think one of", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00252-00119477-00120063": "the key challenges has been that, until very recently, there just haven't been enough studies", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00253-00120063-00120492": "to even guess what the effect size has got to be for a new study, which I think has led", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00254-00120492-00120905": "to a lot of people having the -- following very frustrating discussion with either their", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00255-00120905-00121398": "IRBs or their reviewers about, you know, if we knew what the effect size was, we wouldn't", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00256-00121398-00121916": "have to do the experiment to find out what the effect size is, and that's why we don't", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00257-00121916-00122544": "have a pair analysis. But, you know, at this point, at this point there's enough data sets", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00258-00122544-00123093": "out there with varying numbers of subjects for varying treatments and so forth, where", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00259-00123093-00123552": "if you can guess which study might have an effect size that's similar to the study that", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00260-00123552-00124042": "you're trying to do, what you can do is you can take the data from that study and do perturbation", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00261-00124042-00124811": "tests, or subsampling, or that kind of thing, and ask how few sequences or how few subjects", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00262-00124811-00125159": "in that other study could I have got away with to still see the main effect claimed", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00263-00125159-00125278": "on the paper.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00264-00125278-00125925": "And so we have a tool called Evident, primarily developed by Antonio Gonzales, that addresses", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00265-00125925-00126456": "that problem. We're preparing that for publication at the moment, but like Ilira [spelled phonetically],", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00266-00126456-00127019": "the tools he can -- you can get it off [unintelligible] in advance of publication and try it out.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00267-00127019-00127482": "But basically what it lets you do is lets you feed in an existing study, and then ask", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00268-00127482-00127894": "if I had had just a subset of the data from that study, what fraction of the time would", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00269-00127894-00128306": "I have seen the result that's claimed in the paper? And so that kind of thing can be really", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00270-00128306-00128796": "useful if you have some analog of the experiment that you are trying to do. So suppose you", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00271-00128796-00129215": "guess that your effect size has got to be as big as the effect of obesity, or as big", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00272-00129215-00129725": "as the effect of the difference between a 1-year-old and a 5-year-old, or as big as", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00273-00129725-00130311": "the difference between, say, the hand and the gut. If you can guess some analogous physical", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00274-00130311-00130988": "situation, you can get a long way pairing the study that way. But then you have to pay", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00275-00130988-00131220": "very careful attention to what you outcome measures are.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00276-00131220-00131320": "Female Speaker: Right.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00277-00131320-00131420": "Rob Knight: Right, because there are so many different", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00278-00131420-00131791": "analyses that you could do. But if your plan was to basically get your data set and do", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00279-00131791-00132111": "all of them, well, you always find something significant.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00280-00132111-00132462": "Ed Yong: Okay, let's take a couple of questions at", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00281-00132462-00132793": "once. So I'll interrupt [spelled phonetically] the questions, can sit down over there, and", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00282-00132793-00132945": "then followed by that.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00283-00132945-00133436": "Linda Duffy: Okay, so I'm Linda Duffy from the NIH. And", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00284-00133436-00134391": "my question is it's an intriguing concept regarding keystone species, and perhaps one", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00285-00134391-00135200": "of the values of the large-scale genetic screening is if we can really identify key genes in", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00286-00135200-00135906": "both the eukaryotic intestinal epithelial cells, and in the prokaryotic microbial communities.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00287-00135906-00136484": "So I kind of would just like to pose a question to the panel as to what model systems do you", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00288-00136484-00137263": "think could enable us to understand how a specific bacterial gene could be responsible", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00289-00137263-00137998": "for a specific metabolite, and how a specific host gene recognizes this metabolite?", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00290-00137998-00138503": "Ed Yong: Okay, great. And let's take one more question,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00291-00138503-00138653": "and then we'll get answers.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00292-00138653-00138968": "Female Speaker: Oh, I just had a comment about what Rob was", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00293-00138968-00139484": "saying earlier about doing population-based studies on the gut. You could -- I just wanted", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00294-00139484-00139990": "to suggest that perhaps accessing the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, maybe", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00295-00139990-00140551": "the CDC work together and -- because that's a population-based representative sample -- diverse", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00296-00140551-00140690": "sample based on race and whatnot.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00297-00140690-00141331": "And I also just wanted to add one other comment about your talk on causation and association", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00298-00141331-00141666": "of differences. One of the hurdles I face as an epidemiologist is that -- it's sort", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00299-00141666-00142153": "of a structural hurdle with applying for funding -- is that clinical trials include sort of", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00300-00142153-00142443": "behavioral interventions as well, and there's extra hurdles for accessing those funding", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00301-00142443-00143065": "sources if you're doing an intervention, which would be the best evidence for causation.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00302-00143065-00143267": "So just an additional comment.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00303-00143267-00143753": "Ed Yong: Thank you. Okay, so to this question about", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00304-00143753-00144301": "key genes and model systems for linking genes, specific genes, to metabolites?", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00305-00144301-00144995": "Female Speaker: I can try to tackle that one. So if I was", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00306-00144995-00145602": "trying to link a specific organism or gene to metabolite, there's several things -- several", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00307-00145602-00146104": "ways I would want to go about that. First of all, if you have a metagenome that is sequenced", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00308-00146104-00146560": "to the sufficient depth that you can try to bend out that organism's genome, that would", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00309-00146560-00147046": "be great, because then you could analyze the genome itself and try to understand some of", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00310-00147046-00147641": "the functional genes in the genome. But often you can't do that. And so what you're normally", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00311-00147641-00148106": "left with is the correlation between the species abundance or gene abundance and the abundance", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00312-00148106-00148784": "of a metabolite. If you do know what the organism is, you could always introduce it into a mouse", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00313-00148784-00149370": "model, a gnotobiotic mouse model, and then look for some kind of causation there. If", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00314-00149370-00149861": "you don't know -- if you don't have the organism isolated, of course, then it's much more difficult.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00315-00149861-00150074": "So those are the two ideas I had.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00316-00150074-00150684": "Male Speaker: I think if you think in a context of longitudinal", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00317-00150684-00151384": "sampling, then you can start teasing out association of abundance of the metabolite, and, you know,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00318-00151384-00151870": "correlation with abundance of the -- because you can have a metabolite meet like several", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00319-00151870-00152522": "different bacteria, the same one. So that's another way to approach the problem.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00320-00152522-00152653": "Male Speaker: [inaudible]", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00321-00152653-00152958": "Female Speaker: Could you use the microphone?", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00322-00152958-00153089": "Male Speaker: [inaudible]", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00323-00153089-00153437": "Female Speaker: Could you please use the microphone?", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00324-00153437-00153717": "Rob Knight: Just while we're waiting for that, longitudinal", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00325-00153717-00154224": "studies give you dramatically more power to figure out causative associations because", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00326-00154224-00154718": "you can use things like distance and coding, and look for changes rather than absolute", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00327-00154718-00155196": "state, which is a lot better. It's been really effective in looking at associations between", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00328-00155196-00155437": "different taxonomic levels in the ocean, for example.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00329-00155437-00155885": "Male Speaker: Yeah, and also, if you have longitudinal datasets,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00330-00155885-00157001": "you can fit mechanistic models that explicitly model the links, the biological processes", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00331-00157001-00157564": "that lead to the patterns in the changes in the substances and abundances that you're", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00332-00157564-00157761": "following. So it's much more effective.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00333-00157761-00157871": "Female Speaker: Thank you.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00334-00157871-00158358": "Male Speaker: I think some of what you're asking is, again,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00335-00158358-00158860": "could be old-fashioned experimentomics, gene hunting, looking for enzymes that act on particular", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00336-00158860-00159439": "substrates, stuff like that, the sort of old-fashioned sort of analysis that I think has a lot of", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00337-00159439-00159899": "potential to augment the metagenomic kind of studies, and help interpret them and understand", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00338-00159899-00159999": "them.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00339-00159999-00160230": "Linda Duffy: Yeah, I was really specifically addressing", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00340-00160230-00161030": "the niche specialization concept. And if you really do look for keystone species in different", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00341-00161030-00161589": "niches with very specific metabolite, you know, how do you set up the model systems,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00342-00161589-00162130": "and just getting your input into -- you know, there's various ways to consider that. But", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00343-00162130-00162303": "thank you. That was great.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00344-00162303-00162630": "Male Speaker: So you raised something I was going to bring", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00345-00162630-00163041": "up eventually was, there's a dirty little secret, and that's that about 30 percent of", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00346-00163041-00163579": "the genes we're talking about we can't annotate. We don't know what they do. And so we don't", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00347-00163579-00164000": "know what metabolites they might produce. And so that's a problem.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00348-00164000-00164373": "The other problem that we have is that, and Janet mentioned this, that's it very nice", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00349-00164373-00164825": "how you go from the amplicon sequence into the metagenome to the metatranscriptome, and,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00350-00164825-00165299": "yes, the proteome is wonderful because it actually looks at the activity that's present.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00351-00165299-00165753": "But that's even -- that's not quite correct because it's not the flux. So nobody's looking", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00352-00165753-00166142": "at the enzyme kinetics, right? So you could have an enzyme that's present at low abundance,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00353-00166142-00166480": "but it could be very, very active and would account for a lot of the flow of nutrients", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00354-00166480-00166983": "through the system. And so when you look at the pathways and genes that people are talking", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00355-00166983-00167502": "about, they are the pathways where we know what they do: glycolysis, central metabolite,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00356-00167502-00168034": "amino acid metabolism, purine metabolism, and so on. When you look at the constancy", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00357-00168034-00168530": "of the functionality that's present in these things that we've seen in the gut, the genes", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00358-00168530-00169037": "that are being reported, the pathways that are being reported, are those of central metabolism,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00359-00169037-00169457": "which you would expect to be common and invariant among living organisms because you would expect", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00360-00169457-00169996": "to be -- DNA polymerase should be somewhere, and purine biosynthesis should be there. And", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00361-00169996-00170295": "that would be true for all the bacteria that are present.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00362-00170295-00170704": "So a gap would be to figure out what to do with the 30 percent of the genes we don't", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00363-00170704-00171095": "know what the heck they are, and to try to get -- and I don't know how to this at all", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00364-00171095-00171626": "-- some idea of how that affects energy and nutrient flux through the system by an estimation", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00365-00171626-00172105": "of kinetics, right? Because if we're going to be talking about ecosystem dynamics, then", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00366-00172105-00172475": "it's going to be carbon and energy flow through that system that's going to be driving it", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00367-00172475-00173009": "unless it violates ecology at lots of different levels. So there's still a huge gap, right?", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00368-00173009-00173246": "We're making progress and getting smarter.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00369-00173246-00173752": "There's a question about the omics, right? We have a bigger toolbox than just sequencing,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00370-00173752-00174127": "as Janet pointed out. But we still have more tools we need, and it has to do with actually", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00371-00174127-00174607": "looking at things that tell us something about the flow of energy and carbon through systems,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00372-00174607-00174941": "and maybe getting to the signaling processes, which I would argue are not going to be the", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00373-00174941-00175329": "major pathways. You're going to find those in the genes you don't know what the names", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00374-00175329-00175987": "of them are and what they do. The ecology is in the part we don't know yet. There's", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00375-00175987-00176154": "an assertion you can --", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00376-00176154-00176412": "Ed Yong: Can -- let's have one quick response to that,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00377-00176412-00176765": "and then we're going to go to more questions. Did you want to --", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00378-00176765-00177486": "Male Speaker: Larry brought something very important. He's", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00379-00177486-00178080": "-- from macro ecology, there's another very important concept which is, for a long time,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00380-00178080-00178661": "people looked at these keystone species because they were visible, because they had people", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00381-00178661-00179270": "funding research for these highly visible animals. But then, suddenly, a lot of theoreticians", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00382-00179270-00179905": "realized that the indirect interactions, the weak interactions, were also very determinant", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00383-00179905-00180753": "in these webs. And so these weak interactions from microsystems ecology can be very important.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00384-00180753-00181137": "And we might miss them just because they are not very visible.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00385-00181137-00181982": "Ed Yong: Okay, a gentleman in the back there had a", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00386-00181982-00182082": "question.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00387-00182082-00182464": "Male Speaker: Thanks. Actually I wanted to comment on a", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00388-00182464-00183277": "previous question or a comment about the gaps that we have. Being someone who works on the", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00389-00183277-00183983": "front end, that is thinking about clinical design and how to sample patients, a lot of", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00390-00183983-00184512": "the low-technology types of things, I think it's really critically important that we have", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00391-00184512-00185259": "a discussion and some consensus about how we do those things in the front end because", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00392-00185259-00185869": "they can profoundly affect the interpretation of results that come out in the back end.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00393-00185869-00186442": "Let me give you an example. So my area of interest is in the study of inflammatory bowel", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00394-00186442-00187112": "diseases. Well, this is -- these are typically thought of as two types of diseases: Crohn's", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00395-00187112-00187648": "disease and ulcerative colitis. But I think that with the information that we've gotten", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00396-00187648-00188512": "from GWAS studies, it's clear that there are many ways to the same end. That is, the description", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00397-00188512-00189267": "of these two clinical phenotypes represents the end of many potential pathways that eventually", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00398-00189267-00190306": "lead to it. So in -- if you consider that, these IBD may actually be not two diseases,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00399-00190306-00190950": "but actually a dozen or even 100 diseases. And if you consider that, then the issue is", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00400-00190950-00191611": "how do you stratify people so you're not comparing apples to oranges? And that becomes very difficult", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00401-00191611-00192235": "when you're trying to run your data analysis, let's say on the microbiome. The other consideration", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00402-00192235-00192952": "is that inflammatory bowel diseases has different stages. And what you see in the early stage", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00403-00192952-00193813": "represents a completely different set of potential pathogens or causative agents and pathophysiology", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00404-00193813-00194297": "than what happens in later stages. And these are considerations that I think we have to", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00405-00194297-00194816": "bring into the equation in order to correctly interpret the data that we get from the microbiome.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00406-00194816-00195373": "Ed Yong: Thank you. Can we get comments from over there?", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00407-00195373-00195930": "Male Speaker: Yeah, I just wanted to return to the previous", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00408-00195930-00196635": "discussion about how to identify keystone species or keystone elements in a community.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00409-00196635-00197066": "And this may have already been highlighted previously, but aside from the idea of using", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00410-00197066-00197646": "synthetic communities and deliberate knock-outs of the sort of the methods that Andy Goodman", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00411-00197646-00198175": "and others have used previously, and aside from the use of, I think, very valuable insights", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00412-00198175-00199108": "from epidemiologists of decades ago in looking at cancer and environmental factor associations", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00413-00199108-00199804": "and positival [spelled phonetically] causation links, that one of the really great needs", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00414-00199804-00200619": "right now would be a suite of reagents that would allow for a deliberate knock-down of", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00415-00200619-00201108": "specific features of a complex system in situ. And so small molecules, for example, that", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00416-00201108-00201946": "might inhibit a specific enzyme, or knock down a specific transcript or an organism,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00417-00201946-00202411": "and I think there are lots of great leads on how each of those things might be devised,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00418-00202411-00203006": "and standardized, and ramped up for higher-throughput production. But one example being this paper", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00419-00203006-00203401": "from a couple years ago, and I'm going to forget on the authors and they're probably", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00420-00203401-00204077": "here, but the deliberate design of an inhibitor for the glucuronidase that acts upon CPT11,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00421-00204077-00204881": "the anti-cancer agent, rendering the conversion of an otherwise relatively inactive form to", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00422-00204881-00205800": "an active form, diminished, and thereby allowing greater use of this drug in cancer settings", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00423-00205800-00206263": "simply by targeting microbial and microbiome enzymes. So just a few comments.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00424-00206263-00206505": "Ed Yong: So it's the microbial version of shooting", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00425-00206505-00206687": "of the wolves that Rob talked about.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00426-00206687-00206992": "Male Speaker: Right. Right. The targeted shooting, right?", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00427-00206992-00207160": "Ed Young: Curtis?", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00428-00207160-00207598": "Curtis Huttenhower: I wanted to comment quickly on something that", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00429-00207598-00208029": "Larry said earlier since a question we get a lot about the functional stability is whether", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00430-00208029-00208498": "it's just the boring stuff, and whether it really is central carbon metabolism and the", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00431-00208498-00209002": "ribosome in DNA replication and whatnot. And that is a big component of it, but it's by", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00432-00209002-00209607": "no means all of it. I was checking for examples on my phone in line here; Chaperones type", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00433-00209607-00210182": "2, type 6 secretion, host interactions, stress response are all among the microbial pathways", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00434-00210182-00210610": "that show that same metagenomic selective effect.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00435-00210610-00211033": "So two things that I perhaps didn't emphasize enough to go along with that are, one, they", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00436-00211033-00211708": "are differentially regulated transcriptionally; and two, that's one of the potential parallels", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00437-00211708-00212257": "with our own genome. Just because most of it's the same, doesn't mean that the smaller", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00438-00212257-00212732": "parts that are different are uninteresting. And I think that's where it gets back to that", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00439-00212732-00213259": "edge of functions that we have not characterized yet. Thirty percent is perhaps an underestimate,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00440-00213259-00213727": "if anything, and those small differences between us are going to be what -- and I agree -- are", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00441-00213727-00214106": "going to be what manifest in phenotypes in the same way that small differences in our", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00442-00214106-00214239": "own genomes do.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00443-00214239-00214665": "Two comments; if anyone has a response, please chime in.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00444-00214665-00214984": "Female Speaker: I could just mention that also at the metabolite", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00445-00214984-00215542": "level, I mean, speaking of unknown things, you know, it's vastly much more than 30 percent", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00446-00215542-00215973": "of the metabolites that we don't know, so definitely a lot of things.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00447-00215973-00216855": "And I also wanted to reply to the question about the IBD studies and the fluctuation", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00448-00216855-00217425": "of disease phenotypes. So when we look at the -- you know, we just did this one longitudinal", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00449-00217425-00218114": "study of different IBD patients over time, and the thing that's really interesting and", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00450-00218114-00218806": "that I didn't present, is to get the clinical data as much as possible because these patients", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00451-00218806-00219514": "are taking drugs, they're taking antibiotics, they have flare-ups, they -- some of them", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00452-00219514-00220319": "have gone through resection surgery, and that is the really meaty, interesting data to match", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00453-00220319-00220941": "on to these wild fluctuations that we see. So that's the goal.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00454-00220941-00221282": "Rob Knight: And, Curtis, following up on your response", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00455-00221282-00221792": "to Larry's comment, I mean, I know you did a lot of controls for the HMP paper, and then", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00456-00221792-00222191": "we also did a bunch of controls for the Tim Bowodough [spelled phonetically] 2009 and", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00457-00222191-00222835": "data paper, Mergey [spelled phonetically] et al 2011 Science paper, precisely to make", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00458-00222835-00223641": "sure that we weren't just seeing effects from every microbe has to replicate DNA, make amino", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00459-00223641-00224348": "acids, and so forth. So those controls have certainly been done, and that's not all that's", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00460-00224348-00224448": "going on.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00461-00224448-00225046": "Now at the same time, though, as Curtis, Owen, and I all mentioned in our talks, if only", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00462-00225046-00225600": "briefly, there's a huge amount of information that's out there in people's heads about the", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00463-00225600-00226048": "functions of specific genes in gene families that's not currently in the databases in a", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00464-00226048-00226630": "form that we can use to automatically annotate all of the data that all of you are producing.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00465-00226630-00227159": "And it would be fantastic if we could figure out a crowd-sourced effort to basically get", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00466-00227159-00227677": "all of those annotations into a standardized format so that we can provide precisely that", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00467-00227677-00228171": "kind of service back to the community and get the amount of unannotated stuff down from", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00468-00228171-00228683": "30 percent, or whatever it is currently, down to less than 1 percent ,and really see, at", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00469-00228683-00229261": "a much more sensitive level, a lot of those differences in rarer pathways and rarer functions", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00470-00229261-00229627": "that we know for sure are important in some cases, and are probably important in a lot", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00471-00229627-00229804": "more cases than we know.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00472-00229804-00230259": "Male Speaker: And Curtis, just correct me if I was wrong,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00473-00230259-00231139": "but in the HMP paper, the functional stability that you observed was actually least stable", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00474-00231139-00231654": "in the vagina, if I remember well. There was a subgroup of subject that -- where the function", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00475-00231654-00231867": "is changing, at least the potential function.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00476-00231867-00232205": "Curtis Huttenhower: Yes, definitely, that was also the case.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00477-00232205-00232601": "Rob Knight: It's also important to recognize that although", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00478-00232601-00233094": "the function is -- the functional profiles are a lot more stable than the taxonomic profiles,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00479-00233094-00233664": "but the variation that there is in the functional profiles is highly correlated with the variation", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00480-00233664-00234137": "we see in the taxonomic profiles, even though the variation is a lot lower, right? So they're", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00481-00234137-00234519": "a lot more stable, but the instability is highly correlated with the instability in", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00482-00234519-00235035": "the taxonomic profile, again suggesting that it's not just that the assay is very insensitive", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00483-00235035-00235254": "and you see the same thing no matter where you look.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00484-00235254-00235730": "Curtis Huttenhower: And to turn around and restate that the -- as", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00485-00235730-00236167": "someone who sits in a biostats department, it's also more statistically significant because", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00486-00236167-00236612": "it is more significant -- or, excuse me, more consistent, even though the magnitude of that", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00487-00236612-00236783": "change is smaller.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00488-00236783-00237187": "Ed Yong: Okay, another question from the middle.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00489-00237187-00237509": "Female Speaker: So, you know, we've talked a lot about metabolomics", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00490-00237509-00238073": "analyses and analyzing metabolites, but I think it's a good thing to keep in mind that", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00491-00238073-00238594": "it's really a snapshot of what's going on, because what we're measuring is metabolites", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00492-00238594-00239155": "that aren't being utilized by the community at that given moment in time. So, I guess", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00493-00239155-00239729": "a challenge to the field in my mind is more real-time sampling, and also sampling within", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00494-00239729-00240444": "an animal or human model over time to get a more accurate picture of how these metabolites", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00495-00240444-00240992": "are being utilized or not being utilized by a specific community. So that's a challenge", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00496-00240992-00241171": "in my mind.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00497-00241171-00241676": "Female Speaker: I agree. That was great.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00498-00241676-00241946": "Ed Yong: Okay, and another question from over there.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00499-00241946-00242334": "Female Speaker: I have a very general question about the use", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00500-00242334-00243200": "of macro ecology to address the relationships in our bodies. In particular, there was the", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00501-00243200-00244066": "discussion of wolves. What are the wolves in our bodies, and are these macroecological", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00502-00244066-00244702": "analogies actually appropriate? Is the wolf the immune system or the phage, or perhaps", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00503-00244702-00245203": "the communities in our bodies are just structured in a rather different way from macroecological", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00504-00245203-00245627": "systems, and these analogies break down rather sooner than we'd like to think?", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00505-00245627-00246089": "Rob Knight: Well, I'll answer the second question first,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00506-00246089-00246551": "which is a lot of those analogies don't even hold between different macro ecosystems and", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00507-00246551-00246651": "--", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00508-00246651-00246751": "Female Speaker: Yes.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00509-00246751-00246898": "Rob Knight: -- a lot of the things that often get thrown", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00510-00246898-00247591": "out as uncontroversial in these kinds of meetings apply to microbial ecosystems are also controversial", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00511-00247591-00247694": "in macro ecology --", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00512-00247694-00247794": "Female Speaker: I agree.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00513-00247794-00247894": "Rob Knight: -- so it is worth being a little bit careful", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00514-00247894-00248105": "about that.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00515-00248105-00249057": "As far, you know, the -- as far as what keystone species are in human-associated body habitats,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00516-00249057-00249619": "to a large extent, we don't really know because the ability, as has been mentioned several", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00517-00249619-00250273": "times, to completely remove a particular microbe from a human-associated ecosystem without", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00518-00250273-00250777": "causing much larger-scale disruptions like you do with antibiotics. And as Pete Turnbaugh", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00519-00250777-00251277": "said in his really elegant cell paper earlier this year, that response to antibiotics also", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00520-00251277-00251730": "seems to be individual-specific, so you can't guarantee that the same antibiotic is killing", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00521-00251730-00252315": "the same bug when you administer it to different patients, or even to the same patient at different", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00522-00252315-00252866": "times. It's really difficult to do some of the specific kinds of species removal that", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00523-00252866-00253229": "have been possible in macro ecosystems or that have been accidentally done in macro", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00524-00253229-00253367": "ecosystems.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00525-00253367-00253737": "The other thing that's been really interesting there is the invasive species literature,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00526-00253737-00254107": "where you have accidental introductions of species into an ecosystem that hasn't seen", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00527-00254107-00254578": "it before, but, you know, because they're on about a -- are in scale, and you can go", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00528-00254578-00255142": "in there and see the interactions, and count them, and, you know, sit there with your binoculars", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00529-00255142-00255694": "and see how often the lion's taking down the gazelle or whatever, it's a lot harder to", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00530-00255694-00256205": "do that kind of thing in the gut. And basically no techniques exist for during that in situ", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00531-00256205-00256305": "yet.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00532-00256305-00256751": "So that's really a major challenge, right, for how can we observe ecological interactions", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00533-00256751-00257192": "directly in the gut as opposed to ex situ after you do something like say pull out the", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00534-00257192-00257739": "fibers from -- you know, you can dissect out the fibers from feces and see what are associated", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00535-00257739-00258311": "with them, but by the time you get them separated from the substrate, you're -- you know, that", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00536-00258311-00258800": "takes a long time, and you've disrupted a lot of the interaction that you're looking", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00537-00258800-00258971": "for.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00538-00258971-00259719": "One principle that's very transferable from macro ecology is issues about bias and censuses.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00539-00259719-00260414": "So a lot of people spend a lot of time worrying about isn't there something biased in that,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00540-00260414-00261100": "you know, DNA extraction is going to be biased, BCR is going to be biased, amplification of", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00541-00261100-00261615": "whole genomes is going to be biased, and so forth. So that's something that ecologists", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00542-00261615-00262077": "have dealt with for a long time. So if you put out traps for insects, for example, exactly", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00543-00262077-00262704": "how you baited the trap, how you set up the cover, you know, how far it's sticking out", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00544-00262704-00263166": "of the ground or inserted into the ground, where you put it in relation to vegetation", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00545-00263166-00263642": "and so on; all those are going to bias what you see. But if methodology's consistent,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00546-00263642-00264089": "the differences that you see across sites is still interesting and relevant. And so", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00547-00264089-00264678": "I think we can definitely take a lesson from that aspect of macroecological studies that,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00548-00264678-00265132": "a lot of the time, what you care about is the differences with consistent methodology", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00549-00265132-00265595": "rather than necessarily needing an absolute counter and absolute census to get a very", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00550-00265595-00265697": "useful data.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00551-00265697-00265902": "Female Speaker: Thank you.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00552-00265902-00266366": "Male Speaker: If I could follow-up on what Rob said in one", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00553-00266366-00266821": "regard. With all the NIH people here I worry we may be leaving you with the impression", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00554-00266821-00267338": "that things, like all the methods, all the analytical tools, wet side, dry side, are", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00555-00267338-00267843": "a lot better figured out than they are, talking about the biases and stuff. I mean, we all", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00556-00267843-00268310": "put our best foot forward when we give talks. We don't like talking about the dirty linen", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00557-00268310-00268845": "and stuff like that, but there are huge biases in how we sample or how we deal with reagent", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00558-00268845-00269429": "contamination, how we do the analysis, different ways of aligning metagenomic data, different", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00559-00269429-00269831": "tools can lead to very different pictures. And, you know, ideally you'll do it a few", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00560-00269831-00270230": "different ways and make sure you get the same answer. Or for the most important thing you", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00561-00270230-00270684": "find, you test it some other way. But, boy, the -- there's a lot that's still in flux", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00562-00270684-00271361": "and getting developed. And I hope the NIH people are sort of responsive to that. I think", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00563-00271361-00271751": "a grant that has a piece where they're testing out how the methods work, I think is better", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00564-00271751-00272328": "than a grant that doesn't. And so, you know, I don't want to leave you with the idea that", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00565-00272328-00272742": "this is all finished, and everything works perfectly, and that's that.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00566-00272742-00272996": "Rob Knight: Although if I could add to that, that it's", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00567-00272996-00273474": "really important that the methods development piece has enough to it that you can actually", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00568-00273474-00274007": "find something out that's generalizable. So one thing that's a huge problem with methods", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00569-00274007-00274462": "papers sort of submitted, for example, to the [unintelligible] still on a regular basis", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00570-00274462-00274992": "is that there's basically an analysis of one sample where that one sample has been run", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00571-00274992-00275501": "through a bunch of different methods. And, amazingly, the results are statistically -- significantly", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00572-00275501-00275673": "different, depending on this method you used.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00573-00275673-00276123": "And the reason why that's not useful is there tends to be a lot -- there tends to be a lot", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00574-00276123-00276558": "of difference between different samples in terms of their interactions with the different", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00575-00276558-00276852": "methods that you try out. So if you do a lot of tape [spelled phonetically] development", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00576-00276852-00277357": "on one sample, very frequently it doesn't generalize even to other samples you collected", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00577-00277357-00277758": "from the same body site. And so one thing that's really critical if there's going to", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00578-00277758-00278114": "be a methods development piece, you need to run it on enough samples that you country", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00579-00278114-00278671": "draw useful conclusions that are going to generalize to other studies, rather than finding", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00580-00278671-00279050": "out a lot about one sample in a way that's not going to generalize.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00581-00279050-00279300": "Female Speaker: Could I just add to that?", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00582-00279300-00279467": "Ed Yong: I think we're going to take one more question", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00583-00279467-00279949": "because we're -- that clock's going to turn red in a second. So let's -- gentleman in", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00584-00279949-00280049": "the middle.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00585-00280049-00280328": "Male Speaker: So on the theme of gaps and challenges, I", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00586-00280328-00280681": "guess something that I would raise to the community as a whole is that a big gap we", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00587-00280681-00281380": "have are the samples themselves, and namely being that we don't have -- or the access", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00588-00281380-00282034": "to or the ability to analyze large cohorts that are well-characterized, have good phenotypic", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00589-00282034-00282509": "characterizations that you can map phenotypes tightly to be able to understand differences", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00590-00282509-00282962": "in genomic data, is a big challenge. And the reason I say that's a big challenge, even", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00591-00282962-00283605": "though there are various cohorts out there, they're not as big as they need to be, and,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00592-00283605-00284165": "in addition, getting funding for cohorts and such things is extremely difficult given the", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00593-00284165-00284603": "commitment of both private and public funding sources.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00594-00284603-00284958": "And so I guess something I'd put out there is there's a large challenge as a community", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00595-00284958-00285607": "thinking about how we can actually create these large cohorts. Things like the America", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00596-00285607-00286036": "Gut are obviously a great attempt to do that. One concern I have in those types of systems", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00597-00286036-00286371": "goes back to, I think, what Owen was talking about earlier, is, in the end, also it's the", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00598-00286371-00286861": "sample characterization itself. And so unless we have really strong standards around how", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00599-00286861-00287222": "we characterize those samples as well, it's an additional challenge.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00600-00287222-00287775": "Male Speaker: [inaudible] are you saying that it would be", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00601-00287775-00288554": "better to have well-characterized populations, or would it be better to -- just to have access", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00602-00288554-00289113": "to more people. What are you rate-limited by? Is it -- can you just expand on that?", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00603-00289113-00289213": "Male Speaker: Unfortunately both, I think.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00604-00289213-00289314": "Male Speaker: Okay.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00605-00289314-00289665": "Rob Knight: Yeah, I mean, as a community, if we could", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00606-00289665-00290045": "have access to, say, stool samples from everyone in Haines [spelled phonetically], which was", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00607-00290045-00290478": "brought up earlier, everyone on the National Children's Study, everyone on the Framingham", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00608-00290478-00291145": "Study and so forth, that would be an incredible resource. At the same time, I think it's been", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00609-00291145-00291487": "fair to say that it's been challenging to try to get that kind of thing together, at", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00610-00291487-00291630": "least to date.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00611-00291630-00292111": "Male Speaker: Well, I mean, it's possible. I know for a", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00612-00292111-00292608": "fact that, for example, in England they have the study similar to the National Children's", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00613-00292608-00293059": "Study, and they are collecting stool, both in the moms and the babies [unintelligible].", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00614-00293059-00293676": "So I don't think it's, you know, we should give up. I think there's still possibilities.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00615-00293676-00293949": "Rob Knight: Yeah, I didn't really want to bring that up,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00616-00293949-00294403": "but it is true that especially Scandinavia is doing an amazing job on most stool samples", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00617-00294403-00294940": "from, you know, stool samples collected at birth from kids who are now 8 years old, thousands", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00618-00294940-00295342": "of them in the freezer, and that kind of thing. And so we're doing a lot in that direction", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00619-00295342-00295748": "at the moment, which is very exciting, as are a number of other people at the meeting,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00620-00295748-00295848": "like Ruth, for example.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00621-00295848-00296237": "Male Speaker: And that the life study is 90,000 pairs: mother,", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00622-00296237-00296337": "children.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00623-00296337-00296539": "Rob Knight: It's incredible.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00624-00296539-00296720": "Male Speaker: Yeah.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00625-00296720-00296946": "Ed Yong: Okay, and on that optimistic note, let's call", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00626-00296946-00297456": "this discussion to a close. I will see you all tomorrow, and please enjoy the bar.", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00627-00297456-00297556": "[applause]", "ex6Q2i-z45E-00628-00297556-00297557": "Thank you to our panelists and to all the people who asked questions."}}, {"audio_id": "ex9LCrjpasu", "text": {"ex9LCrjpasu-00000-00000000-00000200": "…………."}}, {"audio_id": "ey6awWouFv4", "text": {"ey6awWouFv4-00000-00000873-00001650": "New features available with iOS 13.", "ey6awWouFv4-00001-00001650-00001911": ". Dark Mode.", "ey6awWouFv4-00002-00001911-00002300": "Beautiful new look.", "ey6awWouFv4-00003-00002300-00002430": "... . Photos.", "ey6awWouFv4-00004-00002430-00002819": "All-new Photos tab.", "ey6awWouFv4-00005-00002819-00002949": "... . Camera.", "ey6awWouFv4-00006-00002949-00003469": "Adjust Portrait Lighting intensity.", "ey6awWouFv4-00007-00003469-00003736": "... . Privacy and Security.", "ey6awWouFv4-00008-00003736-00003836": "App location permissions.", "ey6awWouFv4-00009-00003836-00005007": "... . 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Accessibility: Voice Control, Word and emoji suggestions,Navigation commands.....", "ey6awWouFv4-00030-00016419-00017019": "..................................."}}, {"audio_id": "eypdaaA6WuI", "text": {"eypdaaA6WuI-00000-00000003-00000522": "yeah it just got cut I broke up a little bit yes I know I've got message pop up", "eypdaaA6WuI-00001-00000522-00001098": "here saying your internet connection is unstable so we'll see what happens we'll", "eypdaaA6WuI-00002-00001098-00001851": "see what happens by is reading for now we'll just go with it okay cool so yeah", "eypdaaA6WuI-00003-00001851-00002711": "by the way that was my Darth Vader impression Horrible's okay so everyone", "eypdaaA6WuI-00004-00002711-00003327": "welcome back to hustle is for life motivation where you come to upgrade the", "eypdaaA6WuI-00005-00003327-00003689": "software between your ears because you are somebody who's curious you're", "eypdaaA6WuI-00006-00003689-00004119": "somebody who wants to know how to take their life to the next level and you", "eypdaaA6WuI-00007-00004119-00004721": "want to get inside the minds of other people who have created tremendous", "eypdaaA6WuI-00008-00004721-00005112": "amount of success for themselves people who can be considered as super achievers", "eypdaaA6WuI-00009-00005112-00005489": "and my goal is to bring them on so we can learn from them follow in the", "eypdaaA6WuI-00010-00005489-00005873": "footsteps and essentially create the same level of success that they have", "eypdaaA6WuI-00011-00005873-00006640": "managed to achieve we talked about hustle on this channel hustling hard and", "eypdaaA6WuI-00012-00006640-00007197": "hustle is a word that I think is associated with energy with focus with", "eypdaaA6WuI-00013-00007197-00007700": "being purposeful with being intentional with living in life with alignment with", "eypdaaA6WuI-00014-00007700-00008390": "your core values and that's basically what a lot of our guests talk about and", "eypdaaA6WuI-00015-00008390-00008957": "today I have somebody who is absolutely incredible we had a quick catch-up", "eypdaaA6WuI-00016-00008957-00009609": "before we actually talked on and started recording and she is just working on so", "eypdaaA6WuI-00017-00009609-00010017": "many different products she's full of life full of energy and absolutely full", "eypdaaA6WuI-00018-00010017-00010614": "of value her name is Natalie Sager she is an author a speaker a teacher a", "eypdaaA6WuI-00019-00010614-00011318": "mother meditative yogini and she's also passionate about holistic", "eypdaaA6WuI-00020-00011318-00011921": "she talks about helping all beings live in pure health with an abundance of", "eypdaaA6WuI-00021-00011921-00012356": "happiness and she calls herself the modern hippie bama", "eypdaaA6WuI-00022-00012356-00012925": "so with that let me welcome well let's let's let's all go", "eypdaaA6WuI-00023-00012925-00013657": "let's just all welcome mathlete thanks for being here thank you so much for", "eypdaaA6WuI-00024-00013657-00014122": "having me it's an honor and a pleasure I really want to know how your journey", "eypdaaA6WuI-00025-00014122-00015079": "actually started um yeah so we couldn't spend probably hours talking about those", "eypdaaA6WuI-00026-00015079-00015841": "that are most important and most relevant so once upon a time before I", "eypdaaA6WuI-00027-00015841-00016439": "was pregnant with my son my older son Jonah I have always been", "eypdaaA6WuI-00028-00016439-00017020": "very into health and wellness I started dancing at a very young age and that's", "eypdaaA6WuI-00029-00017020-00017479": "that's always been something that's been true to my heart following my passion in", "eypdaaA6WuI-00030-00017479-00018020": "my physical body and what have happened over the years was that my physical body", "eypdaaA6WuI-00031-00018020-00018490": "was starting to show me signs of wear and tear too much stress pushing myself", "eypdaaA6WuI-00032-00018490-00019081": "too hard and not really listening to the whispers that was that my body was", "eypdaaA6WuI-00033-00019081-00019769": "giving me and one of those whispers was in the form of GERD so that that is an", "eypdaaA6WuI-00034-00019769-00020494": "acronym for gastroesophageal reflux disease and so basically it's like", "eypdaaA6WuI-00035-00020494-00021047": "heartburn times 10 and it was something that my I was experiencing yeah for for", "eypdaaA6WuI-00036-00021047-00021640": "many many years and after several doctors and specialists", "eypdaaA6WuI-00037-00021640-00022376": "um I was told several things one of which was that it was hereditary meaning", "eypdaaA6WuI-00038-00022376-00022945": "that my dad had acid reflux my grandma had it and so that was kind of the angle", "eypdaaA6WuI-00039-00022945-00023488": "from which doctors were coming from and they also suggested that I cut out", "eypdaaA6WuI-00040-00023488-00024301": "certain foods so tomatoes really highly acidic fruits spicy foods red wine", "eypdaaA6WuI-00041-00024301-00024919": "coffee all these things and I like a good patient listened to these doctors", "eypdaaA6WuI-00042-00024919-00025451": "and started to implement that into my life and I they all put me on medication", "eypdaaA6WuI-00043-00025451-00025960": "which was called protonix and so I was on it's a proton pump inhibitor which is", "eypdaaA6WuI-00044-00025960-00026294": "supposed to help with the acid reflux but what I came to", "eypdaaA6WuI-00045-00026294-00026816": "learn was that even after cutting out these specific foods and taking", "eypdaaA6WuI-00046-00026816-00027482": "medication I still wasn't feeling great and so when I was pregnant with Jonah I", "eypdaaA6WuI-00047-00027482-00028166": "started realizing that I did not want to be on medication neither in pregnancy", "eypdaaA6WuI-00048-00028166-00028574": "nor postpartum when I knew that I was going to be breastfeeding and that was", "eypdaaA6WuI-00049-00028574-00028955": "really important to me to get off medication during that time and so I", "eypdaaA6WuI-00050-00028955-00029606": "started to explore kind of alternatively as thinking of lifting of eating and I", "eypdaaA6WuI-00051-00029606-00030145": "was told by this wonderful woman who actually ended up being my doula for my", "eypdaaA6WuI-00052-00030145-00030644": "second pregnancy I went to get a prenatal massage from her and she said", "eypdaaA6WuI-00053-00030644-00031487": "oh you know I just read this study about gluten how it affects lots of different", "eypdaaA6WuI-00054-00031487-00032051": "digestive kind of just stress and I said really that's so interesting I've never", "eypdaaA6WuI-00055-00032051-00032462": "heard at that point and we're talking seven years ago so I hadn't heard that", "eypdaaA6WuI-00056-00032462-00032885": "gluten had any sort of correlation at all I you know like I said I have heard", "eypdaaA6WuI-00057-00032885-00033383": "about the acidity and the caffeine and the red wine and so I said that's really", "eypdaaA6WuI-00058-00033383-00033875": "interesting I think I'm gonna try it and so I came home oh man I told my husband", "eypdaaA6WuI-00059-00033875-00034673": "listen we're gonna go gluten and so my my game plan was to eat everything in", "eypdaaA6WuI-00060-00034673-00035051": "the house that had gluten in it and anything that came into the house would", "eypdaaA6WuI-00061-00035051-00035411": "have no gluten so we kind of had this gradual shift into a gluten free", "eypdaaA6WuI-00062-00035411-00035932": "lifestyle and it was wonderful it was challenging of course because it was", "eypdaaA6WuI-00063-00035932-00036491": "incorporating all of these new ways of thinking into a habit that we created", "eypdaaA6WuI-00064-00036491-00037028": "for four years and but the benefits that both my husband and I felt we're pretty", "eypdaaA6WuI-00065-00037028-00037430": "much immediate and when I say immediate everything is relative when you are", "eypdaaA6WuI-00066-00037430-00037829": "removing something from your diet that could potentially be inflammatory", "eypdaaA6WuI-00067-00037829-00038420": "causing it takes some time because your body has been accustomed to that for you", "eypdaaA6WuI-00068-00038420-00039224": "know for me it was 30 years and so but after two to four weeks we started to", "eypdaaA6WuI-00069-00039224-00039644": "really notice different things happening to us with the removal of gluten", "eypdaaA6WuI-00070-00039644-00040316": "and then fast-forward when my son Jonah was born he cried non-stop", "eypdaaA6WuI-00071-00040316-00040901": "we used to bounce him on a stability ball like holding him like this first", "eypdaaA6WuI-00072-00040901-00041420": "hours and just to get him to calm down to get him to fall asleep and needless", "eypdaaA6WuI-00073-00041420-00042143": "to say this was taking a massive toll on myself and my husband and then I spoke", "eypdaaA6WuI-00074-00042143-00042656": "with a beautiful woman named Jennifer toe who is an international board", "eypdaaA6WuI-00075-00042656-00043070": "certified lactation consultant and she said are you eating gluten and I said no", "eypdaaA6WuI-00076-00043070-00043892": "I cut it out oh and she said to go has to be dairy and I I swear do I cried", "eypdaaA6WuI-00077-00043892-00044600": "that night because she's is that was what was my best friend my husband", "eypdaaA6WuI-00078-00044600-00045149": "actually he proposed to me and you know those big blocks of cheddar that you can", "eypdaaA6WuI-00079-00045149-00045572": "get carved into the big block will you marry me so just to give you an idea of", "eypdaaA6WuI-00080-00045572-00046163": "how my loves dairy and so for her to suggest you know you've got to cut out", "eypdaaA6WuI-00081-00046163-00046721": "dairy I was I was heartbroken and so I did it because when you are you know", "eypdaaA6WuI-00082-00046721-00047137": "pain is a wonderful motivator and a crying baby is a wonderful motivator", "eypdaaA6WuI-00083-00047137-00047722": "desperation is a wonderful motivator and all of these things I was like you know", "eypdaaA6WuI-00084-00047722-00048616": "at least try and so oh I day about my area and within a couple of weeks I had", "eypdaaA6WuI-00085-00048616-00049226": "a brand-new child he was crying less he was much easier to console any sort of", "eypdaaA6WuI-00086-00049226-00049685": "like digestive stuff that was had continued with me from the removal of", "eypdaaA6WuI-00087-00049685-00050150": "gluten was completely gone with dairy and so it was you know as they say the", "eypdaaA6WuI-00088-00050150-00050588": "proof is in the pudding and it was so true like as soon as I started to", "eypdaaA6WuI-00089-00050588-00051038": "eliminate completely and it wasn't like all have a little dairy here oh no it", "eypdaaA6WuI-00090-00051038-00051650": "has to be completely gone in order for for us to both feel much much better and", "eypdaaA6WuI-00091-00051650-00052378": "so as a result of that I just completely douve into the whole idea of food and", "eypdaaA6WuI-00092-00052378-00052727": "how it affects our bodies on so many different level is that we don't", "eypdaaA6WuI-00093-00052727-00053020": "ordinarily think of unless we're presented", "eypdaaA6WuI-00094-00053020-00053602": "with you know a situation like mine and so I my husband and myself we enrolled", "eypdaaA6WuI-00095-00053602-00053948": "in the Institute for Integrative Nutrition which is I'm not sure if", "eypdaaA6WuI-00096-00053948-00054538": "you've heard of it but it's the world's largest nutrition school and we went", "eypdaaA6WuI-00097-00054538-00055166": "through that program at eleven twelve month program and we got a ton of out of", "eypdaaA6WuI-00098-00055166-00055622": "it and to be honest with you we had educated ourselves so much prior to", "eypdaaA6WuI-00099-00055622-00056216": "enrolling in the program that a lot of it was just validity for what we had", "eypdaaA6WuI-00100-00056216-00056902": "learned and the whole holistic health coaching is that like you and I had", "eypdaaA6WuI-00101-00056902-00057343": "talked about earlier is that when you are living holistically and you are", "eypdaaA6WuI-00102-00057343-00057811": "viewing your life holistically what that actually means is that you are", "eypdaaA6WuI-00103-00057811-00058492": "incorporating every area of life and every area of wellness not just the food", "eypdaaA6WuI-00104-00058492-00059077": "not just the exercise not just the meditation but everything because it's", "eypdaaA6WuI-00105-00059077-00059527": "it's full encompassing and that's what really truly provides you with optimal", "eypdaaA6WuI-00106-00059527-00060031": "and vital health and so I started to do holistic health coaching with private", "eypdaaA6WuI-00107-00060031-00060560": "clients and I did workshops and seminars and things like that and and made me", "eypdaaA6WuI-00108-00060560-00060982": "feel really good to be able to help a lot of people and to see like really", "eypdaaA6WuI-00109-00060982-00061512": "witness these amazing transformations within these people's personal lives and", "eypdaaA6WuI-00110-00061512-00062435": "I had some some very how do I put it I had some clients with really intense", "eypdaaA6WuI-00111-00062435-00063238": "stuff going on in their lives so whether it was cancer or arthritis or MS you", "eypdaaA6WuI-00112-00063238-00063566": "know I had these people that were coming to me with very serious problems and", "eypdaaA6WuI-00113-00063566-00064156": "we're also seeking of course medical attention for that as well but the", "eypdaaA6WuI-00114-00064156-00064705": "medical system tends to just focus on one area where as a holistic health", "eypdaaA6WuI-00115-00064705-00065191": "professional will look at every area to try to help bring homeostasis into the", "eypdaaA6WuI-00116-00065191-00065833": "body and the mind in the spirit and so as a result of my studying and the work", "eypdaaA6WuI-00117-00065833-00066289": "that I was doing I was starting to become more exposed to different", "eypdaaA6WuI-00118-00066289-00067012": "communities and different oops and yeah so I ended up with my", "eypdaaA6WuI-00119-00067012-00067526": "second pregnancy being in a substantially different place mentally", "eypdaaA6WuI-00120-00067526-00068027": "emotionally and physically than I was when I was pregnant with Jonah and so my", "eypdaaA6WuI-00121-00068027-00068681": "second pregnancy was delightful I had I was just I was a barefoot pregnant woman", "eypdaaA6WuI-00122-00068681-00069056": "and I loved it I am and I really was embracing this", "eypdaaA6WuI-00123-00069056-00069791": "whole modern hippy mama lifestyle where it was more alternative more naturalist", "eypdaaA6WuI-00124-00069791-00070502": "more Earth centered and and it started to make me feel more like myself and I", "eypdaaA6WuI-00125-00070502-00071166": "had felt in years and it was beautiful well and so when I was pregnant with", "eypdaaA6WuI-00126-00071166-00072008": "Skye he kind of he kind of guided me along this path because I felt very", "eypdaaA6WuI-00127-00072008-00072597": "spiritually connected to him and so with with with Jonah", "eypdaaA6WuI-00128-00072597-00073232": "I had a hospital birth I had an epidural I had an OB I had nurses you know kind", "eypdaaA6WuI-00129-00073232-00073722": "of your textbook scenario and with Skye I had a home birth", "eypdaaA6WuI-00130-00073722-00074531": "I birds minnewater pool and I had a midlife and a doula and it was it was", "eypdaaA6WuI-00131-00074531-00075044": "entirely different so I have these two varying perspectives when I do talk to", "eypdaaA6WuI-00132-00075044-00075568": "people and kind of connect on both levels so that it was kind of cool and", "eypdaaA6WuI-00133-00075568-00076931": "let's see what what else would you like to know because I could go on for yeah", "eypdaaA6WuI-00134-00076931-00077579": "let's get to the book lag because I'm excited about the book okay so when I", "eypdaaA6WuI-00135-00077579-00078086": "gave birth to Skye about let's see he must have been six months old at that", "eypdaaA6WuI-00136-00078086-00078944": "point I went to what was it was an event in Chicago which Hal Elrod had put on", "eypdaaA6WuI-00137-00078944-00079412": "how elrod is an author of the book miracle morning and there's a series of", "eypdaaA6WuI-00138-00079412-00079849": "it at this point and my husband and I had listened to the", "eypdaaA6WuI-00139-00079849-00080682": "audiobook and really connected with what he was saying and so when sky was born", "eypdaaA6WuI-00140-00080682-00081307": "we were balancing and juggling having a toddler and a newborn being", "eypdaaA6WuI-00141-00081307-00081757": "sleep-deprived you know kind of just being just drained", "eypdaaA6WuI-00142-00081757-00082306": "we were totally drained and we were not being fill up our bucket and we were", "eypdaaA6WuI-00143-00082306-00082864": "still taking from that bucket and so we felt like we needed a little kick in the", "eypdaaA6WuI-00144-00082864-00083254": "butt to get us moving in the right direction again and that's what house", "eypdaaA6WuI-00145-00083254-00083814": "look really provided for us and so he put on this event in Chicago and I", "eypdaaA6WuI-00146-00083814-00084427": "remember telling my hand I really need to go to this event and he was like why", "eypdaaA6WuI-00147-00084427-00084781": "and I'm like I don't know there's something just telling me that I need to", "eypdaaA6WuI-00148-00084781-00085354": "be there and so somehow I convinced him that I had to go and I did when I was", "eypdaaA6WuI-00149-00085354-00085915": "there I met Nicole Keating our mutual friend and I also met Lindsey Ambrose", "eypdaaA6WuI-00150-00085915-00086521": "and we were partners and one of the kind of getting to know you games that they", "eypdaaA6WuI-00151-00086521-00086938": "had and we started chatting and we realized that we had very similar", "eypdaaA6WuI-00152-00086938-00087445": "missions we were both young moms and moms with young children and she had a", "eypdaaA6WuI-00153-00087445-00087898": "podcast called every day every mom and so she interviewed me for the podcast we", "eypdaaA6WuI-00154-00087898-00088513": "scheduled that interview when we got home and after our chat we stayed on the", "eypdaaA6WuI-00155-00088513-00089107": "phone for like an extra hour and just talked about what we valued and what our", "eypdaaA6WuI-00156-00089107-00089782": "core beliefs were and what we wanted to do with our lives and we decided to", "eypdaaA6WuI-00157-00089782-00090349": "write a book together and from that conversation that was two years ago so", "eypdaaA6WuI-00158-00090349-00090811": "from that conversation we set regular times for us to connect over the phone", "eypdaaA6WuI-00159-00090811-00091312": "we gave each other like little mini deadlines of when we wanted to get", "eypdaaA6WuI-00160-00091312-00091903": "certain portions of the book written and throughout that two-year process we", "eypdaaA6WuI-00161-00091903-00092371": "finished the book we found a publisher and now we're launching the book on", "eypdaaA6WuI-00162-00092371-00092965": "Wednesday so we're absolutely overjoyed to share this information with everyone", "eypdaaA6WuI-00163-00092965-00093379": "who's and willing for it that's incredible and", "eypdaaA6WuI-00164-00093379-00093985": "the the book is actually launching on Wednesday that ninth is the right the", "eypdaaA6WuI-00165-00093985-00094368": "9th of May that is correct just in time for Mother's Day", "eypdaaA6WuI-00166-00094368-00094825": "fantastic so what what I'll do is then by the time this is released the book", "eypdaaA6WuI-00167-00094825-00095362": "would already be out and I will put the link below for people to go and check", "eypdaaA6WuI-00168-00095362-00095794": "out the book is absolutely incredible the book is focused on something really", "eypdaaA6WuI-00169-00095794-00096496": "amazing it's about the mother and the child and it's it's got loads of", "eypdaaA6WuI-00170-00096496-00096835": "thoughts you know in terms of breastfeeding and the benefits of", "eypdaaA6WuI-00171-00096835-00097342": "breastfeeding etc so I think there's a huge amount of value to be had from the", "eypdaaA6WuI-00172-00097342-00097681": "book I won't go too much into it I'll just put the link below go check it out", "eypdaaA6WuI-00173-00097681-00098254": "it's in the description okay so the going thing is by the way you talked", "eypdaaA6WuI-00174-00098254-00098749": "about holistic health okay so this this this channel essentially is all about", "eypdaaA6WuI-00175-00098749-00099217": "holistic success so is success in every area of your life including your health", "eypdaaA6WuI-00176-00099217-00099805": "your finances your your relationships your spirituality your career your", "eypdaaA6WuI-00177-00099805-00100195": "business whatever it is because I believe that you can't just focus on one", "eypdaaA6WuI-00178-00100195-00100552": "area you need to focus on every area of your life", "eypdaaA6WuI-00179-00100552-00101194": "and it's a continuous journey you can't just you know go and you know say that", "eypdaaA6WuI-00180-00101194-00101530": "ok this is it I've achieved whatever I wanted to achieve in this area it's the", "eypdaaA6WuI-00181-00101530-00101851": "journey you're constantly trying to get better and improve something etc cetera", "eypdaaA6WuI-00182-00101851-00102367": "but you talked about holistic health which you you said combines the mind and", "eypdaaA6WuI-00183-00102367-00102786": "the body and the spirit and I absolutely love that so let's dig deep there can", "eypdaaA6WuI-00184-00102786-00103235": "you talk to us a little bit more about the mind body spirit connection", "eypdaaA6WuI-00185-00103235-00103753": "absolutely so there is a beautiful correlation between the minds the body", "eypdaaA6WuI-00186-00103753-00104248": "and the spirit and one of the ways to really tap into that and we talked about", "eypdaaA6WuI-00187-00104248-00104698": "that in the book as well too are called meditation of course that we've heard of", "eypdaaA6WuI-00188-00104698-00105244": "and mindfulness yes and so with meditation sometimes when people hear", "eypdaaA6WuI-00189-00105244-00105942": "that word they almost they almost put up a guard because they feel like oh I", "eypdaaA6WuI-00190-00105942-00106375": "don't know how to meditate I'm gonna do it wrong it's too Lulu whatever they're", "eypdaaA6WuI-00191-00106375-00106680": "there reasonings aren't really meditation is", "eypdaaA6WuI-00192-00106680-00107290": "simply just matching your breath with your thoughts and so if you can spend", "eypdaaA6WuI-00193-00107290-00107760": "five minutes 10 minutes 20 minutes whatever it is focusing on breath the", "eypdaaA6WuI-00194-00107760-00108316": "inhale the exhale the non breath in between that starts to slow the thoughts", "eypdaaA6WuI-00195-00108316-00108816": "the monkey mind the the mind chatter and it allows you to start connecting to", "eypdaaA6WuI-00196-00108816-00109477": "your higher self to your spirituality to your personal beliefs and when you", "eypdaaA6WuI-00197-00109477-00110095": "consistently practice meditation then you're allowing time to honor your being", "eypdaaA6WuI-00198-00110095-00110709": "instead of constantly giving to others with which is you know we want to give", "eypdaaA6WuI-00199-00110709-00111144": "to others but there also needs to be an element of reception an element of", "eypdaaA6WuI-00200-00111144-00111820": "receiving for your own self and so meditation is is very important and I", "eypdaaA6WuI-00201-00111820-00112230": "highly recommend it if you're not doing it already to start implementing little", "eypdaaA6WuI-00202-00112230-00112729": "moments throughout your day to incorporate meditation and mindfulness", "eypdaaA6WuI-00203-00112729-00113166": "is something like I said we also speak about in the book", "eypdaaA6WuI-00204-00113166-00113717": "mindfulness is is about being a non-judgmental observer of yourself and", "eypdaaA6WuI-00205-00113717-00114309": "also having this awareness and when we can have an awareness of our thoughts", "eypdaaA6WuI-00206-00114309-00114841": "and the thought patterns so we can go down on a specific rabbit hole or a", "eypdaaA6WuI-00207-00114841-00115348": "downward spiral of negative thinking if we start to become fearful or and", "eypdaaA6WuI-00208-00115348-00115864": "anxious about a certain situation or a person or what might be in the future", "eypdaaA6WuI-00209-00115864-00116332": "and very often when we're living in the future instead of living in the present", "eypdaaA6WuI-00210-00116332-00116839": "we are fearful we are in anxious we are paranoid you know all of these things", "eypdaaA6WuI-00211-00116839-00117547": "these negative vibrating frequency emotions can start to take over instead", "eypdaaA6WuI-00212-00117547-00118378": "of breathing taking a moment to realize that there's really nothing we can do", "eypdaaA6WuI-00213-00118378-00119008": "about the future except for be in the present and when you catch yourself", "eypdaaA6WuI-00214-00119008-00119326": "spiral down that's mindfulness when you catch", "eypdaaA6WuI-00215-00119326-00119760": "yourself thinking about something that doesn't serve you that", "eypdaaA6WuI-00216-00119760-00120340": "mindfulness and when you can take that pause that breath before you talk before", "eypdaaA6WuI-00217-00120340-00120841": "you respond to somebody then you're able to be much more present with yourself", "eypdaaA6WuI-00218-00120841-00121303": "and much more present with the person that you're chatting with because that's", "eypdaaA6WuI-00219-00121303-00121704": "what you want to be you want to gift them with the you that's here right now", "eypdaaA6WuI-00220-00121704-00122280": "not to you that's half here and half in the future I'm also a yoga teacher and", "eypdaaA6WuI-00221-00122280-00122754": "so I talk a lot about that forward thinking and that anxiety producing", "eypdaaA6WuI-00222-00122754-00123304": "state versus what could be the polar opposite which is depression and sadness", "eypdaaA6WuI-00223-00123304-00123810": "and Somnath feelings and emotions tend to be because you're hanging on to the", "eypdaaA6WuI-00224-00123810-00124341": "past and when we're living in the past once again we're not here in the present", "eypdaaA6WuI-00225-00124341-00124882": "moment and so with those two kind of polar opposites there's this beautiful", "eypdaaA6WuI-00226-00124882-00125620": "place in the center and that Center is your groundedness it's your your", "eypdaaA6WuI-00227-00125620-00126241": "connection to the moment and so I find that that is where you can truly find", "eypdaaA6WuI-00228-00126241-00126766": "that mind body spirit connection is when you are aware of yourself and your", "eypdaaA6WuI-00229-00126766-00127408": "thoughts in this current moment awesome awesome", "eypdaaA6WuI-00230-00127408-00127891": "I first of all I have to say I love your definitions of meditation and", "eypdaaA6WuI-00231-00127891-00128391": "mindfulness I've never ever heard or read about them being described like", "eypdaaA6WuI-00232-00128391-00128722": "that I thought that was absolutely wonderful just absolutely spot-on but", "eypdaaA6WuI-00233-00128722-00129180": "also really simple I mean you said meditation is just matching your breath", "eypdaaA6WuI-00234-00129180-00129510": "with your thoughts and you said mindfulness is just being aware of", "eypdaaA6WuI-00235-00129510-00130150": "what's going on inside and that was so amazing because you know there's books", "eypdaaA6WuI-00236-00130150-00130729": "and there's you know these videos and a whole kind of you know documentaries on", "eypdaaA6WuI-00237-00130729-00131185": "this sort of thing but that just really simplified it down to the core and I", "eypdaaA6WuI-00238-00131185-00131632": "love that and for people who you know are thinking about trying meditation or", "eypdaaA6WuI-00239-00131632-00131986": "are not sure if it's the right thing for them hey just it's not gonna hurt to try", "eypdaaA6WuI-00240-00131986-00132535": "and I tell you what it will only benefit you because I love meditating I'm", "eypdaaA6WuI-00241-00132535-00133049": "medicine on regular basis daily basis and it's just like hitting a Vee", "eypdaaA6WuI-00242-00133049-00133562": "right like you just come back to Ground Zero and then you can go on and get that", "eypdaaA6WuI-00243-00133562-00133976": "boost and you know hit the next thing and crush that so yeah I absolutely", "eypdaaA6WuI-00244-00133976-00134828": "loved love that you talked about earlier about becoming you know living a", "eypdaaA6WuI-00245-00134828-00135308": "naturalistic lifestyle right so living an alternative sort of lifestyle where", "eypdaaA6WuI-00246-00135308-00135839": "you are looking into natural medicine and you know natural ways of healing etc", "eypdaaA6WuI-00247-00135839-00136577": "and then it became a holistic life as a holistic health coach as a result for", "eypdaaA6WuI-00248-00136577-00137396": "those people who are just not sure what that is or what it would be like for", "eypdaaA6WuI-00249-00137396-00137984": "them to make that change can you describe to them what it was like for", "eypdaaA6WuI-00250-00137984-00138422": "you what was your journey like when you were in the middle of cutting out gluten", "eypdaaA6WuI-00251-00138422-00138932": "and you know cutting out dairy and finding out all these alternative sort", "eypdaaA6WuI-00252-00138932-00139787": "of ways of eating and living yeah so as I said it was not easy it was actually", "eypdaaA6WuI-00253-00139787-00140355": "oftentimes very challenging and sometimes almost overwhelming because", "eypdaaA6WuI-00254-00140355-00141008": "food just specifically with food is not only nourishment for your body but it's", "eypdaaA6WuI-00255-00141008-00141497": "also a part of your culture it's a part of your holidays it's family it tends to", "eypdaaA6WuI-00256-00141497-00142037": "be friends a lot of things are revolved around food and so when you change your", "eypdaaA6WuI-00257-00142037-00142415": "food that's different from all of those things and all of those people and", "eypdaaA6WuI-00258-00142415-00143129": "experiences it tends to surprise people and and everyone has their own reaction", "eypdaaA6WuI-00259-00143129-00143669": "some people are very protective over their own way of eating and their own", "eypdaaA6WuI-00260-00143669-00144086": "traditions and I completely understand that I have a lot of compassion and", "eypdaaA6WuI-00261-00144086-00144584": "respect for it because I've gone through it myself in the beginning it was it was", "eypdaaA6WuI-00262-00144584-00144989": "very challenging for my own mother and my mother-in-law because they were used", "eypdaaA6WuI-00263-00144989-00145397": "to making certain foods for us they were used to having holidays and having", "eypdaaA6WuI-00264-00145397-00145814": "traditional foods that we no longer could eat or I should say we no longer", "eypdaaA6WuI-00265-00145814-00146318": "chose to ate because it was our own choice but what it came down to", "eypdaaA6WuI-00266-00146318-00146831": "really simply was that our health and well-being was more important than", "eypdaaA6WuI-00267-00146831-00147352": "hurting someone's feelings because it was not our intention to make sense I", "eypdaaA6WuI-00268-00147352-00147830": "wouldn't feel bad about what they had prepared or made or you know they wanted", "eypdaaA6WuI-00269-00147830-00148217": "to eat that was their choice and this was ours and it was important for us to", "eypdaaA6WuI-00270-00148217-00148823": "respect our own bodies and our own choices so I wanted to share that", "eypdaaA6WuI-00271-00148823-00149189": "because it can be challenging in the beginning especially with the food", "eypdaaA6WuI-00272-00149189-00149801": "aspect and then when you start to transition more into that organic living", "eypdaaA6WuI-00273-00149801-00150443": "lifestyle other things start to pop up so it's like my connection to", "eypdaaA6WuI-00274-00150443-00151184": "spirituality and the meditation the mindfulness the the mindset all of those", "eypdaaA6WuI-00275-00151184-00151766": "were really big shifting as well like everything your perspective starts to", "eypdaaA6WuI-00276-00151766-00152222": "change on everything and you start to question what you were taught because", "eypdaaA6WuI-00277-00152222-00152903": "from the age of well from 0 to 7 you're like a sponge you're just recording", "eypdaaA6WuI-00278-00152903-00153401": "everything that you hear see feel think everything is reporting into your body", "eypdaaA6WuI-00279-00153401-00153950": "and that starts to become your internal voice so if you're constantly hearing", "eypdaaA6WuI-00280-00153950-00154298": "just for as an example if you're constantly hearing your parents say be", "eypdaaA6WuI-00281-00154298-00154979": "careful be careful look at that you start to hear because there is an", "eypdaaA6WuI-00282-00154979-00155585": "element of oh be careful there must be danger around every corner so we have", "eypdaaA6WuI-00283-00155585-00156017": "started to say to our own children be aware because when you're aware then", "eypdaaA6WuI-00284-00156017-00156530": "you're there's no fear attached to that it's just noticing what is around you", "eypdaaA6WuI-00285-00156530-00157094": "and and that has been really interesting to see that kind of shift with our own", "eypdaaA6WuI-00286-00157094-00157859": "language not only in our heads but with our children um let's see what else has", "eypdaaA6WuI-00287-00157859-00158558": "shifted and changed okay so for instance um we started with one pediatrician when", "eypdaaA6WuI-00288-00158558-00158978": "Jonah was young who was recommended to us all of our friends were seamless", "eypdaaA6WuI-00289-00158978-00159527": "pediatrician and she was the person to go to and as it turns out after about a", "eypdaaA6WuI-00290-00159527-00159962": "year a little less than that we realized that her", "eypdaaA6WuI-00291-00159962-00160472": "values were not in alignment with our values and so it was important for us to", "eypdaaA6WuI-00292-00160472-00160931": "find a pediatrician that was more holistically minded and was more", "eypdaaA6WuI-00293-00160931-00161603": "respectful of what we want you to do and how we wanted to provide um care for our", "eypdaaA6WuI-00294-00161603-00162362": "children and so you start to know who does these things and these people that", "eypdaaA6WuI-00295-00162362-00163006": "you're surrounding yourself with and you decide then Oh is this person and", "eypdaaA6WuI-00296-00163006-00163520": "vibrationally on the same level as I am or are their core values and beliefs", "eypdaaA6WuI-00297-00163520-00163847": "very different and so you start to surround yourself with people that are", "eypdaaA6WuI-00298-00163847-00164354": "much more like hearted and like spirited and so that's a process you know like I", "eypdaaA6WuI-00299-00164354-00164768": "said this was seven years ago that we started traveling down this this hippy", "eypdaaA6WuI-00300-00164768-00165404": "journey and we've seen some very big shifts in ourselves but also in our", "eypdaaA6WuI-00301-00165404-00165959": "parenting and in our communication with each other and other people and so it's", "eypdaaA6WuI-00302-00165959-00166457": "important to start from a place of wonderment and curiosity instead of a", "eypdaaA6WuI-00303-00166457-00167207": "place of judgment and fear because when you're open to receiving new information", "eypdaaA6WuI-00304-00167207-00167723": "without judgment and you can actually engage in that but when you're listening", "eypdaaA6WuI-00305-00167723-00168365": "to somebody and already you have this bias about them you can't really receive", "eypdaaA6WuI-00306-00168365-00169070": "the information because you already have an opinion about it and so we've just", "eypdaaA6WuI-00307-00169070-00169889": "found that tapping into our hearts tapping into our intuition has provided", "eypdaaA6WuI-00308-00169889-00171092": "much more value than then listening to that voice of doubt right if that yeah", "eypdaaA6WuI-00309-00171092-00171956": "if that is helpful I hope yes of course it is absolutely can you maybe point us", "eypdaaA6WuI-00310-00171956-00172655": "towards some resources or some websites etc where we can go to find out more", "eypdaaA6WuI-00311-00172655-00173212": "about naturalistic or organic or sort of lifestyle and what that looks", "eypdaaA6WuI-00312-00173212-00173854": "like and what design goals that's a wonderful question there are so many out", "eypdaaA6WuI-00313-00173854-00174268": "there what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna defer back to that peaceful Mama's", "eypdaaA6WuI-00314-00174268-00174853": "website so it's peaceful momma's plural calm and on there it's actually the", "eypdaaA6WuI-00315-00174853-00175410": "website is by the time this airs it will be up and running so we're just", "eypdaaA6WuI-00316-00175410-00176059": "revamping it at this moment but we will have our experts so in the book we have", "eypdaaA6WuI-00317-00176059-00176635": "interviewed 20 experts in alternative field so we have naturopaths doulas", "eypdaaA6WuI-00318-00176635-00177532": "midwife we have let's see psychologist registered nurses yoga teachers fitness", "eypdaaA6WuI-00319-00177532-00178138": "gurus we have the gamut of alternative healers and so all of their information", "eypdaaA6WuI-00320-00178138-00178684": "and their websites will be on our website and therefore if there's a", "eypdaaA6WuI-00321-00178684-00179326": "particular space that someone wants to look into they can kind of be geared by", "eypdaaA6WuI-00322-00179326-00179941": "by the specific person and their expertise fantastic so for people in the", "eypdaaA6WuI-00323-00179941-00180247": "audience I highly encourage you to go and check out that book and also the", "eypdaaA6WuI-00324-00180247-00180793": "website both pillows both both links contact both links below in that", "eypdaaA6WuI-00325-00180793-00181549": "description so make sure you go and check them out if you are interested ok", "eypdaaA6WuI-00326-00181549-00182521": "so Natalie what are your daily routines or rituals or habits that you practice", "eypdaaA6WuI-00327-00182521-00183247": "based on whatever you have learnt on you daddy yes so um we actually the", "eypdaaA6WuI-00328-00183247-00183717": "framework in peacefull mama is we give of tools on how you can implement", "eypdaaA6WuI-00329-00183717-00184324": "self-care practices and we have an acronym called mama so it's like ma ma", "eypdaaA6WuI-00330-00184324-00185061": "with a side out its ma ma HH and it stands for mindfulness affirmation", "eypdaaA6WuI-00331-00185061-00185764": "meditation or I'm sorry move movement abundance health and heart and so each", "eypdaaA6WuI-00332-00185764-00186157": "of these we've given tips and tools on how you can incorporate those throughout", "eypdaaA6WuI-00333-00186157-00186561": "your day so for instance you asked about my personal practices so all of", "eypdaaA6WuI-00334-00186561-00186930": "those are incorporated in my own personal practice I meditate every", "eypdaaA6WuI-00335-00186930-00187599": "single day I am very into the mindfulness aspect I teach and practice", "eypdaaA6WuI-00336-00187599-00188364": "yoga every day I love to read and write so I make sure that I make time for", "eypdaaA6WuI-00337-00188364-00189324": "those as well yeah I think that about covers it and and the thing is with", "eypdaaA6WuI-00338-00189324-00190254": "being a mom is that it's no longer all about you and so you think oh I have to", "eypdaaA6WuI-00339-00190254-00190669": "give everything to everyone else and then you're left with nothing", "eypdaaA6WuI-00340-00190669-00191253": "complete depletion which is so self-sacrificing and it doesn't actually", "eypdaaA6WuI-00341-00191253-00191695": "end up helping anyone because you're not presenting yourself as the best version", "eypdaaA6WuI-00342-00191695-00192237": "of yourself and so I suggest and invite anyone that's listening to start", "eypdaaA6WuI-00343-00192237-00192738": "shifting that mindset instead of thinking about self-care as a selfish", "eypdaaA6WuI-00344-00192738-00193171": "act which often times people think you know oh well if I do something for", "eypdaaA6WuI-00345-00193171-00193602": "myself it's just selfish and I like to flip the switch and instead think of it", "eypdaaA6WuI-00346-00193602-00194025": "as self-preservation so you're you're preserving yourself so that you're able", "eypdaaA6WuI-00347-00194025-00194613": "to be the person that you ultimately want to be not just so that you can look", "eypdaaA6WuI-00348-00194613-00195000": "in the mirror and smile and be proud of yourself at the end of the day but so", "eypdaaA6WuI-00349-00195000-00195441": "that when you are interacting and communicating with your spouse or your", "eypdaaA6WuI-00350-00195441-00196086": "friends or your children that you are that best version and that end being", "eypdaaA6WuI-00351-00196086-00196647": "self preservation not selfish and so if you can take tiny moments throughout", "eypdaaA6WuI-00352-00196647-00197182": "your day to be present with a mindfulness to sit in silence and", "eypdaaA6WuI-00353-00197182-00197739": "meditate to provide your physical body with movement and with optimal", "eypdaaA6WuI-00354-00197739-00198423": "nourishment then you're starting to make these slow small really powerful changes", "eypdaaA6WuI-00355-00198423-00199178": "that over time shift everything for you there is a Tanzanian proverb that says", "eypdaaA6WuI-00356-00199178-00199710": "little by little a little becomes a lot and so when in turn", "eypdaaA6WuI-00357-00199710-00200220": "of self-care and self-preservation it's true sometimes just having five minutes", "eypdaaA6WuI-00358-00200220-00200855": "locking yourself in your closet and you know sitting down and breathing when you", "eypdaaA6WuI-00359-00200855-00201336": "come out of that closet you're much better than when you went into it you", "eypdaaA6WuI-00360-00201336-00201779": "know so the kids can wait five minutes for you to just get back to your Center", "eypdaaA6WuI-00361-00201779-00202239": "as opposed to you screaming and doing things and saying things that later", "eypdaaA6WuI-00362-00202239-00202707": "you're like damn it why did I say that why did I do that you know which often", "eypdaaA6WuI-00363-00202707-00203274": "happens I mean hey guilts this ends up being a part of motherhood as well but", "eypdaaA6WuI-00364-00203274-00203682": "it doesn't have to be the shame doesn't have to be there and when you're when", "eypdaaA6WuI-00365-00203682-00204203": "you're practicing these acts of self-care than you you minimize that", "eypdaaA6WuI-00366-00204203-00204828": "shame and guilt which is huge that's a beautiful message and I love the the way", "eypdaaA6WuI-00367-00204828-00205436": "you actually talk about you know being selfish versus you know a self", "eypdaaA6WuI-00368-00205436-00206007": "preservation I thought that was really really beautiful and I think it's so", "eypdaaA6WuI-00369-00206007-00206444": "important for a lot of people there are all the songs back but it's so important", "eypdaaA6WuI-00370-00206444-00206786": "that you do actually look after yourself you put the oxygen mask on yourself", "eypdaaA6WuI-00371-00206786-00207219": "first before you actually go and put the oxygen mask on somebody else", "eypdaaA6WuI-00372-00207219-00207750": "because you can't pour from an empty glass so I love that that was absolutely", "eypdaaA6WuI-00373-00207750-00208254": "amazing so Natalie very very quickly what impact", "eypdaaA6WuI-00374-00208254-00208652": "do you hope to make with your book I", "eypdaaA6WuI-00375-00208805-00209481": "hope that we can create a ripple effect of peace throughout the world and so for", "eypdaaA6WuI-00376-00209481-00210002": "us when we were trying to come up with", "eypdaaA6WuI-00377-00210044-00210885": "not just a title but like a mission for our book it was that piece begins with", "eypdaaA6WuI-00378-00210885-00211659": "the mother and when the mother is then the children feed off of that spouse", "eypdaaA6WuI-00379-00211659-00212133": "feeds off of that and then they take it with them where they're going so whether", "eypdaaA6WuI-00380-00212133-00212754": "it's preschool or a place of business or a community center when you can shine", "eypdaaA6WuI-00381-00212754-00213090": "your own light and provide this aura of peace", "eypdaaA6WuI-00382-00213090-00213480": "sanity then that creates a ripple effect throughout the world and so I think that", "eypdaaA6WuI-00383-00213480-00214530": "our main goal is to impossibly impact homes families mothers and inevitably", "eypdaaA6WuI-00384-00214530-00215298": "the world amazing that's beautiful nasty this has been an absolutely", "eypdaaA6WuI-00385-00215298-00215715": "phenomenal conversation despite the fact that the connection was a bit weird and", "eypdaaA6WuI-00386-00215715-00216156": "you know the message kept popping up saying yo you know internet connection", "eypdaaA6WuI-00387-00216156-00216542": "is unstable but despite that this was an absolutely amazing conversation I", "eypdaaA6WuI-00388-00216542-00217094": "absolutely loved it and there was just so much information packed into it I", "eypdaaA6WuI-00389-00217094-00217410": "learned lots of stuff and we went down so many different", "eypdaaA6WuI-00390-00217410-00217842": "rabbit holes you know what I love to have you back on sometimes for round 2", "eypdaaA6WuI-00391-00217842-00218430": "we can maybe do Run 2 again yeah yeah I think that'd be great but before before", "eypdaaA6WuI-00392-00218430-00218988": "you go I cook you just want to ask you how can people reach out to you and how", "eypdaaA6WuI-00393-00218988-00219651": "can I help you right now okay thank you um so the title of the", "eypdaaA6WuI-00394-00219651-00220098": "book is called peaceful nama the mind body and baby connection so that will be", "eypdaaA6WuI-00395-00220098-00220632": "available on Amazon and will have a Kindle version as well so there's a you", "eypdaaA6WuI-00396-00220632-00221076": "know the actual book that you can order or if you're a laptop or iPad kind of", "eypdaaA6WuI-00397-00221076-00221589": "person you can get it on there our website is peaceful Mama's calm and if", "eypdaaA6WuI-00398-00221589-00222009": "people could start to follow us on instagram at peaceful Mama's that would", "eypdaaA6WuI-00399-00222009-00222756": "be great we're stored starting to build up that tribe of people and we will", "eypdaaA6WuI-00400-00222756-00223254": "eventually start to launch a peaceful mama circle so once you've read the book", "eypdaaA6WuI-00401-00223254-00223683": "or you're starting to read the book and you want some support online support", "eypdaaA6WuI-00402-00223683-00224226": "virtual support we will be there for you and there'll be opportunities to chat", "eypdaaA6WuI-00403-00224226-00224862": "with our experts to have live Q&A s and if you're a part of a book club and you", "eypdaaA6WuI-00404-00224862-00225135": "want to suggest our book that would be great", "eypdaaA6WuI-00405-00225135-00225582": "you can also find me personally at the modern hippie mama calm and modern", "eypdaaA6WuI-00406-00225582-00226442": "hippie is h IPP ie so modern hippie mama calm and if you would like to reach me", "eypdaaA6WuI-00407-00226442-00226871": "via email Natalie at the modern hippie mama", "eypdaaA6WuI-00408-00226871-00227640": "calm or Natalie at peaceful Mama's calm awesome well thank you for sharing that", "eypdaaA6WuI-00409-00227640-00228344": "with us for people in the audience make sure you go and check out the book you", "eypdaaA6WuI-00410-00228344-00229073": "go and connect with Natalie she has a lot of value to offer and guess what I", "eypdaaA6WuI-00411-00229073-00229442": "learned a lot from this conversation and I'm sure you had lots of amazing", "eypdaaA6WuI-00412-00229442-00229962": "takeaways as on comment below and tell us what were your main takeaways were", "eypdaaA6WuI-00413-00229962-00230492": "from this conversation what resonated with you and what are your daily rituals", "eypdaaA6WuI-00414-00230492-00231173": "how are you self-preserving yourself before going and helping out other", "eypdaaA6WuI-00415-00231173-00231915": "people or you know just basically giving constantly giving to others when you go", "eypdaaA6WuI-00416-00231915-00232346": "to work when you come back home to your family your friends your neighbors", "eypdaaA6WuI-00417-00232346-00232746": "whoever like you're always giving so what are you doing do for your", "eypdaaA6WuI-00418-00232746-00233213": "self-preservation that's my question to you so comment below and let us know", "eypdaaA6WuI-00419-00233213-00233661": "like Natalie said peace starts with the mother now despite the fact that I'm", "eypdaaA6WuI-00420-00233661-00234296": "really feeling left out here I would say that was the most important message from", "eypdaaA6WuI-00421-00234296-00235098": "this conversation I absolutely loved it she is on a wonderful journey and she", "eypdaaA6WuI-00422-00235098-00235542": "has a really really amazing mission that she wants to create world peace", "eypdaaA6WuI-00423-00235542-00236021": "and it all starts with the mother that's the message behind the book and behind", "eypdaaA6WuI-00424-00236021-00236569": "this conversation I strongly urge you to go ahead and connect with Natalie", "eypdaaA6WuI-00425-00236569-00237021": "so with that guys as always I really appreciate you spending this time with", "eypdaaA6WuI-00426-00237021-00237555": "me make sure you subscribe to the channel simply because how else will you", "eypdaaA6WuI-00427-00237555-00237987": "stay up-to-date with all the other amazing conversations we're gonna have", "eypdaaA6WuI-00428-00237987-00238554": "it more of our guests and I also want to encourage you guys to share this", "eypdaaA6WuI-00429-00238554-00239187": "conversation especially if you know that somebody is a mom who is close to you", "eypdaaA6WuI-00430-00239187-00239646": "maybe your sister maybe your own mom I don't know your mom baby", "eypdaaA6WuI-00431-00239646-00240273": "your you know friend whoever or maybe it's somebody who is thinking of", "eypdaaA6WuI-00432-00240273-00240657": "becoming a mom or is about to become a mom and I think for them this will be", "eypdaaA6WuI-00433-00240657-00241160": "absolute gold so I'm really excited about this new book and I can't wait to", "eypdaaA6WuI-00434-00241160-00241677": "get my paws on it and and look through it this is such a wonderful message so", "eypdaaA6WuI-00435-00241677-00241983": "naturally with that thanks again for being here", "eypdaaA6WuI-00436-00241983-00242519": "really appreciate that appreciate your time oh thank you so much this was", "eypdaaA6WuI-00437-00242519-00242921": "wonderful yeah this was an amazing conversation I can't get my words I", "eypdaaA6WuI-00438-00242921-00243584": "don't know what's going I kind of know okay so nothing thanks so much for being", "eypdaaA6WuI-00439-00243584-00243959": "here we appreciate it guys hustle hard stay awesome and I'll catch you in the", "eypdaaA6WuI-00440-00243959-00244223": "next one"}}, {"audio_id": "eyvyaUhrTQy", "text": {"eyvyaUhrTQy-00000-00000130-00000396": "Finding your way around", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00001-00000504-00000832": "How you navigate around a Moodle site will depend on", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00002-00000833-00001133": "the administrator's settings, your theme and", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00003-00001133-00001358": "how up-to-date your version of Moodle is.", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00004-00001358-00001688": "Our learn Moodle site uses the latest", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00005-00001688-00001936": "version of Moodle and a theme called Boost.", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00006-00001936-00002278": "If your organisation's Moodle site", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00007-00002278-00002423": "looks different", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00008-00002423-00002648": "ask your administrator to help you find", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00009-00002648-00002957": "a set of tutorials from our Moodle HQ", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00010-00002957-00003182": "YouTube channel that will fit your", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00011-00003182-00003296": "version of Moodle.", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00012-00003579-00003840": "Let's log in.", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00013-00004369-00004632": "Often when you login you're directed to a", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00014-00004632-00004905": "personalised customisable page called", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00015-00004905-00005271": "your dashboard; here you'll see an", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00016-00005271-00005439": "overview of the courses that you're", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00017-00005439-00005790": "enrolled in. Over on the left you'll see a", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00018-00005790-00006087": "navigation or nav drawer with useful", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00019-00006087-00006325": "links for example to your site's front", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00020-00006325-00006589": "page or Site home. Perhaps your", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00021-00006589-00006769": "administrator directs you to the Site", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00022-00006769-00007023": "home when you log in, in which case you", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00023-00007023-00007239": "can access the dashboard by clicking the", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00024-00007239-00007462": "link in the nav drawer.", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00025-00007462-00007801": "This nav drawer also allows you to see the", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00026-00007801-00008053": "courses you're enrolled in so you can", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00027-00008053-00008236": "access them either by clicking the link", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00028-00008236-00008515": "in the nav drawer or the link in the course", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00029-00008515-00008625": "overview.", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00030-00008790-00009096": "The nav drawer can be collapsed or closed", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00031-00009096-00009558": "by clicking the hamburger icon top left to free up more space.", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00032-00009684-00009812": "You can open it again", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00033-00009813-00010125": "by clicking it again. Over on the", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00034-00010125-00010503": "right is a user menu also with useful", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00035-00010503-00010815": "links, for example in your Preferences", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00036-00010815-00011139": "page you can edit your profile, change", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00037-00011139-00011379": "your password, select the language you", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00038-00011379-00011616": "want Moodle to display in and decide the", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00039-00011616-00012159": "text editor you want when typing in text.", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00040-00012159-00012474": "As with many modern websites, you have", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00041-00012474-00012847": "icons for messages and notifications.", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00042-00013009-00013354": "Clicking the messages menu you can", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00043-00013354-00013488": "read new messages,", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00044-00013488-00013858": "add new messages, mark all as read and", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00045-00013858-00014112": "from the gear menu select how you want", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00046-00014112-00014469": "to be notified of new messages, email or", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00047-00014469-00014613": "via your mobile.", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00048-00014750-00015110": "Notifications works in a similar way. You", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00049-00015110-00015326": "can be notified of forum posts,", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00050-00015326-00015581": "assignments that need to be graded, mark", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00051-00015581-00015851": "them read and access your preferences.", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00052-00015944-00016316": "Let's go back to the dashboard", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00053-00016316-00016625": "and now let's go into our user Sam's", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00054-00016625-00016811": "practice course where she's learning how", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00055-00016811-00017108": "to teach with Moodle. We can either click", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00056-00017108-00017342": "the link in the nav drawer or the link in", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00057-00017342-00017504": "the course overview.", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00058-00017659-00017956": "Once inside the course, notice that the", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00059-00017956-00018142": "nav drawer links have changed to reflect", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00060-00018142-00018415": "what's happening in the course. There's a", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00061-00018415-00018720": "Participants link, a badges link to see", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00062-00018720-00019093": "which badges are available, Grades, and", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00063-00019093-00019378": "the topic numbers here are for sections", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00064-00019378-00019600": "within the course. We will look at how to", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00065-00019600-00019879": "edit and explore these in a later video.", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00066-00019879-00020131": "Further down again she can access her", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00067-00020131-00020440": "dashboard, Site home and other courses", "eyvyaUhrTQy-00068-00020440-00020614": "she's enrolled in."}}, {"audio_id": "eyBdYt-4NeA", "text": {"eyBdYt-4NeA-00000-00001124-00001372": "I started to watch 'Goblin' yesterday.", "eyBdYt-4NeA-00001-00001404-00001723": "How could I miss this interesting drama?", "eyBdYt-4NeA-00002-00001752-00002002": "It was totally different than I used to think.", "eyBdYt-4NeA-00003-00002066-00002652": "Well, first I had this thinking, 'How could this be that interesting?'", "eyBdYt-4NeA-00004-00002718-00003000": "I thought it is just an usual romance drama.", "eyBdYt-4NeA-00005-00003012-00003244": "That is why I didn't watch it.", "eyBdYt-4NeA-00006-00003364-00003676": "I love TVN. I love 'Goblin'.", "eyBdYt-4NeA-00007-00004176-00004562": "I want 100 episodes of 'Goblin'", "eyBdYt-4NeA-00008-00004616-00004974": "Or to have Season1, Season2, Season3 and so on.", "eyBdYt-4NeA-00009-00005004-00005090": "I mean,", "eyBdYt-4NeA-00010-00005108-00005342": "Isn't that drama so entertaining?", "eyBdYt-4NeA-00011-00005364-00005662": "First, I didn't find Gong-Yoo attractive.", "eyBdYt-4NeA-00012-00005688-00005888": "but he is so attractive!", "eyBdYt-4NeA-00013-00005902-00006140": "How come he is so handsome?", "eyBdYt-4NeA-00014-00006184-00006400": "I watched only Ep.3 or 4.", "eyBdYt-4NeA-00015-00006554-00006948": "By the way, there is a scene when he gets out of his car.", "eyBdYt-4NeA-00016-00006973-00007242": "that he gets out of the white car.", "eyBdYt-4NeA-00017-00007359-00007614": "I never know how handsome he is.", "eyBdYt-4NeA-00018-00007638-00007898": "I though he was a male deity, becuase of his looks.", "eyBdYt-4NeA-00019-00007922-00008542": "How can he have well-proportioned body? He has a small face, he is tall and has broad shoulders.", "eyBdYt-4NeA-00020-00008622-00008884": "All his dresses fit nicely.", "eyBdYt-4NeA-00021-00008970-00009474": "How can those turtleneck sweater and skingtight T-shirt fit so well to him?", "eyBdYt-4NeA-00022-00009530-00009730": "and with his coat.", "eyBdYt-4NeA-00023-00009730-00009894": "I was thinking,", "eyBdYt-4NeA-00024-00009932-00010488": "Buzzbean (my husband) has similar body shape as my husband", "eyBdYt-4NeA-00025-00010540-00010994": "Then got me thinking, 'I should dress my husband as Gong-Yoo'", "eyBdYt-4NeA-00026-00011046-00011508": "A skintight T-shirt with a nice coat.", "eyBdYt-4NeA-00027-00011746-00012124": "Come on... You guys should agree with me", "eyBdYt-4NeA-00028-00012162-00012362": "I see some peopl go like \"No way~\"", "eyBdYt-4NeA-00029-00012410-00012610": "Let's be honest, guys.", "eyBdYt-4NeA-00030-00012610-00012766": "It is true.", "eyBdYt-4NeA-00031-00012884-00013140": "How come there are so many question marks on chat window?", "eyBdYt-4NeA-00032-00013163-00013482": "Buzzbean has got a small face and he is tall, right?", "eyBdYt-4NeA-00033-00013504-00013704": "'But he doesn't have the same face as Gong-Yoo!'", "eyBdYt-4NeA-00034-00013794-00013994": "(Ya...)", "eyBdYt-4NeA-00035-00014206-00014588": "But I would be so tired if my husband looked like Gong-Yoo.", "eyBdYt-4NeA-00036-00014608-00014880": "Buzzbean looks handsome to me."}}, {"audio_id": "ez4syPc1QsA", "text": {"ez4syPc1QsA-00000-00000120-00000760": "hi guys sarah here with easy adaptive pe in this video we are talking about three easy ways", "ez4syPc1QsA-00001-00000760-00001352": "to adapt volleyball for anybody in your physical classroom or adapted physical classroom", "ez4syPc1QsA-00002-00001408-00002128": "top three adaptations for volleyball lower that net use a beach ball sit or kneel", "ez4syPc1QsA-00003-00002344-00002792": "these adaptations can be used for kids with and without disabilities i hope you guys enjoyed", "ez4syPc1QsA-00004-00002792-00003256": "that clip i know it was pretty quick i'm really curious to hear about what you use when you're", "ez4syPc1QsA-00005-00003256-00003815": "adapting your volleyball game um if you adapt them if you don't and why you do or you don't", "ez4syPc1QsA-00006-00003815-00004248": "i really love to hear more about that kind of thing and people in our field", "ez4syPc1QsA-00007-00004248-00004656": "and just kind of share the knowledge so if anyone has any comments please leave", "ez4syPc1QsA-00008-00004656-00005080": "it below please subscribe and like and we can just share and learn from each other"}}, {"audio_id": "eznab7mdjEy", "text": {"eznab7mdjEy-00000-00000000-00017860": "🤍 Show some love & motivate me 🤍 Hit the Subscribe button !!!"}}, {"audio_id": "ezcygYRlGvk", "text": {"ezcygYRlGvk-00000-00000003-00000621": "Hi Marlon here. The PSP pianoverb 2 is a plugin which has been around for a", "ezcygYRlGvk-00001-00000621-00001173": "while. The plugin has resonant filters which mimic the sound and behavior of", "ezcygYRlGvk-00002-00001173-00001710": "piano strings. In this episode we're gonna do a review and demonstration of", "ezcygYRlGvk-00003-00001710-00001866": "this unique reverb plugin.", "ezcygYRlGvk-00004-00002614-00003156": "Let's start right off with a piano loop I made which may or may not sound like a", "ezcygYRlGvk-00005-00003156-00003396": "song by the band Talk Talk.", "ezcygYRlGvk-00006-00004576-00005116": "The piano loop already has the reverb on it, let's hear it dry.", "ezcygYRlGvk-00007-00005920-00006120": "And with reverb:", "ezcygYRlGvk-00008-00006709-00007294": "It already adds a really realistic piano esque vibe. Ok, let's go over to the", "ezcygYRlGvk-00009-00007294-00007998": "controls. Let's start over here with the A section of the plugin. It has two", "ezcygYRlGvk-00010-00007998-00008644": "controls: time and damp. Time is the length of the reverb and damp is how", "ezcygYRlGvk-00011-00008644-00008906": "much of that reverb is dampened.", "ezcygYRlGvk-00012-00011162-00011690": "Next up is transpose. This one changes the pitch of the reverb:", "ezcygYRlGvk-00013-00013362-00013728": "The changing of the pitch allows for better matching of the reverb with the", "ezcygYRlGvk-00014-00013728-00014400": "original sound. The tune button allows for even more fine tuning. It also", "ezcygYRlGvk-00015-00014400-00015130": "changes the pitch. It goes from minus 100 cents to plus 100 cents.", "ezcygYRlGvk-00016-00016369-00016590": "Ao that's what allows you to really finetune it.", "ezcygYRlGvk-00017-00016728-00016896": "And then we have these two buttons.", "ezcygYRlGvk-00018-00016908-00017632": "Modulation frequency and modulation depth. The modulation frequency sets the", "ezcygYRlGvk-00019-00017633-00018094": "speed of the modulation and the modulation depth how much it modulates.", "ezcygYRlGvk-00020-00018094-00018304": "It sounds like this:", "ezcygYRlGvk-00021-00020542-00021090": "So that gives you from chorus like effects to vibrato like effects and", "ezcygYRlGvk-00022-00021090-00021506": "everything in between. Let's go to detune. Detune detunes", "ezcygYRlGvk-00023-00021506-00021892": "a few of the resonating filters of the plugin.", "ezcygYRlGvk-00024-00023822-00024442": "This gives you more of that detuned piano sound. Next up is spread. Spread is", "ezcygYRlGvk-00025-00024442-00024948": "the stereo spread. So zero is mono and ten is fully stereo.", "ezcygYRlGvk-00026-00026677-00027372": "Next up is hpf or high-pass filter which is exactly what it does, it high passes the sound.", "ezcygYRlGvk-00027-00028254-00028662": "So it cuts all the lows and thins out the sound it hipasses the frequencies.", "ezcygYRlGvk-00028-00028718-00029514": "Let's go to the bottom section. The way I see it is as a guitar pedal.", "ezcygYRlGvk-00029-00029560-00030224": "So it has a select button. It's this one over here which toggles between the a section and", "ezcygYRlGvk-00030-00030224-00030739": "the B section the A and the B section are exactly the same with the difference", "ezcygYRlGvk-00031-00030739-00031477": "of this gain button for the B section. I see it as a guitar amp solo channel so", "ezcygYRlGvk-00032-00031477-00031945": "if I press select I will select the A channel and press select again I select", "ezcygYRlGvk-00033-00031945-00032480": "the B channel with different settings. So for instance I can set the A", "ezcygYRlGvk-00034-00032480-00033446": "channel to shorter dampens sounds and the B to long reverb with little damping and", "ezcygYRlGvk-00035-00033446-00033850": "more volume and it will sound like this:", "ezcygYRlGvk-00036-00035764-00036262": "So it really acts like a solo channel in this way as with a guitar amp. Next up", "ezcygYRlGvk-00037-00036263-00036902": "is the button called freeze which does exactly what it says: It freezes the", "ezcygYRlGvk-00038-00036902-00036980": "reverb.", "ezcygYRlGvk-00039-00038284-00039304": "You can play a lot of it and allows for a lot of creative decisions and mixing. The third one is called feed and this one only mutes the input to the", "ezcygYRlGvk-00040-00039305-00039809": "plug-in, so it does not mute the entire plugin but only what's coming into the", "ezcygYRlGvk-00041-00039809-00040358": "plug-in. This allows for pretty handy automation and accenting of certain", "ezcygYRlGvk-00042-00040358-00040644": "parts and songs. I will demonstrate.", "ezcygYRlGvk-00043-00042928-00043409": "So it really accentuate certain parts and the reverb continues after you cut the", "ezcygYRlGvk-00044-00043409-00044037": "feed. Then the last two buttons are these two: the dry and the wet control.", "ezcygYRlGvk-00045-00044037-00044771": "It sets the amount of the original signal and the amount of the reverb. Since I use", "ezcygYRlGvk-00046-00044771-00045324": "this plug-in as a send effect I've dry to zero and if you set the wet to five", "ezcygYRlGvk-00047-00045324-00045890": "it will be a normal output. Normally you would you want to have the dry to five", "ezcygYRlGvk-00048-00045890-00046463": "and the wet to five and then you have a normal blend of the two but like I said", "ezcygYRlGvk-00049-00046463-00046956": "since I used this one as a send effect I have dry to zero and wet to five and I", "ezcygYRlGvk-00050-00046956-00047636": "control the volume of reverb on its own channel. Let's do a little bit with snaredrum.", "ezcygYRlGvk-00051-00047666-00047966": "I will tweak a little bit with the reverb plug-in on snare drum to", "ezcygYRlGvk-00052-00047966-00048136": "demonstrate some of the possibilities.", "ezcygYRlGvk-00053-00058414-00058984": "And something with the drain pipe of the drain pipe video.", "ezcygYRlGvk-00054-00068490-00068898": "As you can hear you can get really creative with this plugin.", "ezcygYRlGvk-00055-00069076-00069894": "This plugin is about $49 I believe but the good news is there's also", "ezcygYRlGvk-00056-00069948-00070148": "a free version.", "ezcygYRlGvk-00057-00070176-00071070": "It's called psp pianoverb. It has a lot less controls but it still sounds great.", "ezcygYRlGvk-00058-00073570-00074180": "It's a lot simpler and it sounds a bit more clean and I use both in the mix.", "ezcygYRlGvk-00059-00074181-00074622": "So the paid version and the free version because I think they both have their own", "ezcygYRlGvk-00060-00074622-00075176": "qualities. So if you don't want to shelve out forty-nine dollars, get the free", "ezcygYRlGvk-00061-00075176-00075384": "one. You will not be disappointed.", "ezcygYRlGvk-00062-00075468-00075668": "Thank you for watching. Please like this video", "ezcygYRlGvk-00063-00075706-00076222": "and subscribe to our channel and I'll see you next time bye"}}, {"audio_id": "e-k6kzpUGgM", "text": {"e-k6kzpUGgM-00000-00000422-00000886": "I want to make some shortbread biscuits so I'm going to use the recipe book and the recipe", "e-k6kzpUGgM-00001-00000886-00001348": "that's in it to actually make the biscuits. Now, the recipe's here and the recipe's for", "e-k6kzpUGgM-00002-00001348-00001793": "twenty to twenty four shortbread biscuits and it says that I need one hundred and twenty", "e-k6kzpUGgM-00003-00001793-00002249": "five grams of butter but, unfortunately, I only have a hundred grams of butter available.", "e-k6kzpUGgM-00004-00002249-00002949": "So, how am I going to work out the quantities of flour and sugar in order to make the recipe?", "e-k6kzpUGgM-00005-00003015-00003611": "To do that, I'm going to use this app. This is a recipe for shortbread biscuits and you", "e-k6kzpUGgM-00006-00003611-00004046": "can see from the recipe that we should be able to make twenty to twenty four biscuits.", "e-k6kzpUGgM-00007-00004046-00004601": "The ingredients that we need are specified and also the amount of each ingredient is", "e-k6kzpUGgM-00008-00004601-00005143": "specified. Whenever we cook we're using a recipe and, to be honest, when we're cooking", "e-k6kzpUGgM-00009-00005143-00005633": "we're using the idea of proportion all the time because the recipe that we use designed,", "e-k6kzpUGgM-00010-00005633-00006254": "really, for a specific number of people or for a specific quantity of ingredients. But", "e-k6kzpUGgM-00011-00006254-00006714": "what do we do if we don't want twenty to twenty four biscuits or what do we do if we don't", "e-k6kzpUGgM-00012-00006714-00007231": "have fifty five grams of caster sugar or a hundred and eighty grams of flour? Well, what", "e-k6kzpUGgM-00013-00007231-00007673": "we need to do is to be able to adjust the quantities in order to make the amount of", "e-k6kzpUGgM-00014-00007673-00008249": "biscuits or to use the amount of ingredients that we have available. These sorts of problems", "e-k6kzpUGgM-00015-00008249-00008949": "require us to use proportion. We can use this app to get the idea of proportion. So, when", "e-k6kzpUGgM-00016-00009034-00009468": "we go to use the app the first thing we do is to click on the green flag and then it", "e-k6kzpUGgM-00017-00009468-00009907": "asks us to enter the quantity for yellow. Now, in this case, we're taking yellow to", "e-k6kzpUGgM-00018-00009907-00010345": "be butter and we know from the recipe that there were a hundred and twenty five grams", "e-k6kzpUGgM-00019-00010345-00011045": "of butter so just key that in. Pink then, in the app, represents sugar and in the recipe", "e-k6kzpUGgM-00020-00011070-00011753": "we had fifty five grams of sugar so, again, key in fifty five. And now you can see the", "e-k6kzpUGgM-00021-00011753-00012318": "relative proportions of butter and sugar in the recipe. However, we know the problem is", "e-k6kzpUGgM-00022-00012318-00012922": "that we have more in the recipe than we have available in our fridge. So, what we need", "e-k6kzpUGgM-00023-00012922-00013515": "to do is to adjust the amount of butter that we have available and to work out what the", "e-k6kzpUGgM-00024-00013515-00014037": "proportion of sugar would be for that amount of butter. When you tap on the yellow bar", "e-k6kzpUGgM-00025-00014037-00014541": "you can see that we can adjust the size of the yellow bar and, proportionally, the pink", "e-k6kzpUGgM-00026-00014541-00015141": "bar is adjusted and what that represents is how, as we increase the size of the amount", "e-k6kzpUGgM-00027-00015141-00015747": "of butter in the recipe, how the amount of sugar increases or decreases as well. So,", "e-k6kzpUGgM-00028-00015747-00016165": "what we want to do is to decrease the amount of butter because, instead of having one hundred", "e-k6kzpUGgM-00029-00016165-00016740": "and twenty five grams available to us, we only have one hundred grams. So, just adjusting", "e-k6kzpUGgM-00030-00016740-00017440": "it down until we reach one hundred. Just slight adjustments there. If, like me, you're having", "e-k6kzpUGgM-00031-00017693-00018312": "some problems just getting it exactly, then hit the space bar and then use the arrow keys", "e-k6kzpUGgM-00032-00018312-00018966": "just to increase the size of the yellow bar to make the adjustments easier. Now, just", "e-k6kzpUGgM-00033-00018966-00019400": "click on the yellow bar and, again, you can start to adjust and, as you see then, it makes", "e-k6kzpUGgM-00034-00019400-00019891": "it much easier just to reach the one hundred figure that we've been trying to get to. Once", "e-k6kzpUGgM-00035-00019891-00020452": "we've reached it, hit the space bar and that now tells us that for one hundred grams of", "e-k6kzpUGgM-00036-00020452-00020819": "butter we would need forty four grams of sugar."}}, {"audio_id": "e-s5C3vL6wg", "text": {"e-s5C3vL6wg-00000-00001015-00001630": "holy crap guys it's 2019 I have no idea what's going on I do know that I'm brilliant I'm a", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00001-00001630-00001948": "lot better than fallen who was a stupid ass Tommaso in this cave why are you some awesome", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00002-00001948-00002620": "like why are you even here all right you're on important like you're supposed to be dead you", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00003-00002620-00003261": "understand aw man I live listen I got listen don't worry about it chief listen this is the", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00004-00003261-00003826": "first episode of our minecraft adventures and you want to come as a mossy do not understand", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00005-00003826-00004354": "how how much of a blasphemy that is well [ __ ] you and your blush oh hell no all right so", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00006-00004354-00004816": "uh I guess this is our sanctuary but like who and that who in the world decided to put dirt", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00007-00004816-00005539": "all over the place do one layer a star no one layered it all right we will be poor like why", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00008-00005539-00006028": "would you want to do that I mean you're obviously yeah putting out an unfired stone you're not even", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00009-00006028-00006648": "making stone bricks my [ __ ] all right do you want to die yeah I've been with you all too long", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00010-00006648-00007672": "to each its own I suppose all right so what's the plan we need to we need to mine for resources all", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00011-00007672-00008083": "right does anyone wanna come up wait we need a three torches and [ __ ] all right we need", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00012-00008083-00008980": "somebody we need somebody in charge of this and I refuse to make fallin the person I am", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00013-00008980-00010258": "NOT putting you in charge of this bro bury you who the hell are you supposed to be this is my", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00014-00010258-00011128": "own friend made it for me I'm Broly I'm Brent all right you're basically gel me bro I look at", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00015-00011128-00011551": "this green bastard it let me be one green person bro all right follow me what do you I'm literally", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00016-00011551-00012082": "dying I'm just gonna go fill this thing that that that's isn't that against you really what are you", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00017-00012082-00012880": "doing phone oh my god also I need we need we need to build some like we need we need some", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00018-00012880-00013378": "chests and stuff so I got real here real [ __ ] do you want me to go mine for some cobblestone or", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00019-00013378-00013915": "are we just mean like Nachi no no you could do that but uh instead of that just make um", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00020-00013915-00014754": "make a furnace and and just fire some of that stuff I need a freaking pickaxe bro all right", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00021-00014754-00015309": "so what's the gimmick which is what I would love to agree with that but we gotta go spelunking in", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00022-00015309-00015999": "this [ __ ] wait what are we doing oh I see a rabbit in the tunnel no don't don't murder the", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00023-00015999-00016620": "Raby dude eat do it died oh my god we need a we need a bill like check all right does anyone uh", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00024-00016620-00017313": "does anyone know how to build like pick actually I found come here come here come come back to the", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00025-00017313-00017880": "sanctuary you're gonna build a bike acts right now again minecraft veteran you're gonna you're gonna", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00026-00017880-00018789": "build a freaking pickaxe or you die now build it's real district you're gonna listen to broli", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00027-00018789-00019896": "bro nobody nobody just does not disobey Broly bro give it time yeah who destroyed this table", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00028-00019896-00021000": "why would you destroy wait wait I didn't destroy the table I said who created I'm like winter you", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00029-00021000-00021405": "were the only one there unless you're telling me something magically destroyed that they both", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00030-00021405-00022431": "enjoyed it on purpose are you all ready you can't blame me on me one crime like Bloomberg might be", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00031-00022431-00022881": "mentally deficient but I don't think he's that mentally deficient well well we need resources", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00032-00022881-00023370": "okay so just can we kill me for once more can we for once just work together we're always", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00033-00023370-00024018": "arguing on discord we're always not you you're an abomination to us all bro listen one of the first", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00034-00024018-00024594": "things you need to do is besides you need to get wood and to get wood we need to go cut down trees", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00035-00024594-00025866": "and then we if we need also need to cross or not I'll give you wood I'm going to assist blue burg", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00036-00025866-00026445": "and chopping trees I I hope one of y'all are supervising fallen because I don't trust him", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00037-00026445-00027207": "with like the slightest of things listen just because you're so awesome Roly bro like people", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00038-00027207-00028091": "would freaking trust me more than you what the hell you mean oh it's lagging on LSD or someone", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00039-00028091-00028933": "who knows what they're doing earlier apparently one point whatever we're on flags all oh my god", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00040-00028933-00029723": "dude by the way I'm gonna starve to death yeah I'm even ate one like eat your muscle buddy how", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00041-00029723-00030058": "about how about no it's easy for you to say aren't you like a mortal you can like eat", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00042-00030058-00030710": "yourself well you won't die eat that's that's kind of wrong or is the crafting table that's", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00043-00030710-00031442": "unmanned we're watching I'm going to build a nice cozy record my pickaxe and now I'm gonna", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00044-00031442-00032152": "go cut the wood and or beat by me I mean what what all right listen okay can we all agree if", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00045-00032152-00032642": "we're gonna have rooms and in this massive place that we're gonna build can we like keep falling", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00046-00032642-00033326": "away from all of us yeah III don't wanna I don't wanna be doing my business and then all I here's", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00047-00033326-00034400": "pickaxe I feed two of you like the Oh God okay listen mr. squid key you get away from me this", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00048-00034400-00035507": "is like the ugliest fortification like who's trying to dig their way to hell is that winter", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00049-00035507-00036500": "do we need a we are we need a chest you know I'm gonna I'm gonna kill this pig cuz literally I'm", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00050-00036500-00037181": "hungry hear what thank you very much you will satisfy my thirst in the meantime I guess I'll", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00051-00037181-00038354": "just kiss on you too oh yeah I mean what yeah keep it going yeah my powers rising I did all", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00052-00038354-00038735": "right so I'm gonna put down some nice floors for us too you know god it's getting dark man", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00053-00038735-00039815": "I'm scared dude I'm gonna go ahead and either down I'm gonna put down a nice floor that's the", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00054-00039815-00040346": "only thing you know uh falling uh Rolly from the Dragon Ball Z movie versus the monster", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00055-00040602-00041169": "I'm literally downing and listen I have a [ __ ] ton of stone leaving", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00056-00041169-00043953": "the leaves you need a harvest so how does one make", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00057-00043953-00045897": "okay that might be alright so I'm only going to assume that whoever the [ __ ] is down here best", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00058-00045897-00046548": "of luck to you sir hey I know you tried to build a roof because we might get molested by monsters", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00059-00046548-00047679": "and I do not have anything trees right here so we pull up we eat we need some type of light not", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00060-00047679-00048519": "lever we need like the cause of light again don't put a tree here why are you putting trees in them", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00061-00048519-00049119": "in the middle of our sanctuary room listen chick buried beside can somebody please make portrait", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00062-00049119-00049701": "so we don't get immediately murdered by it how - I hate using also how you create my name would", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00063-00049701-00051036": "listen to me I'm the large plate a big didn't you think that you", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00064-00051036-00051282": "couldn't drop the settle and game the other day", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00065-00051282-00051960": "yeah we do actually all right", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00066-00051960-00053342": "or is it normal for my prostate to hurt I mean I'm a pretty big dude I hope to hear buddy why", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00067-00053342-00054125": "is he not a before my prostate hurts rising you give money to someone and uh Nate's uh Nate", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00068-00054125-00054892": "some trait things with alpha woman without bank heading into play why is everything lagging it's", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00069-00054892-00056054": "like the minute dange joins everything just lags to how well thank you joined it's like", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00070-00056054-00057089": "one and you've somehow managed to mess that up oh my god yo winter winter scared the crap out", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00071-00057089-00057923": "of me he just came up off the ground like a zombie dude what is happening oh yeah I think the furnace", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00072-00057923-00058721": "broke you you broke that you broke the furnace ah there we go you break the furnace alright", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00073-00058721-00059246": "uh there's a couple of zombies at our door yeah don't yeah you can kill them you know dogs are", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00074-00059246-00059767": "in there in there it mean they're in the heli they're in the house they're in the hell oh my", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00075-00059767-00060782": "god will kill them some ahh soup Rick rolling meat in the pro 8 come on bro on stamina are", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00076-00060782-00061544": "they even dying no yes slowly dude they're not dying I'm bro yeah I like my my powers rising", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00077-00061544-00062755": "I'm not gonna be no damn now it's okay I'm gonna go back to mining if I die I apologize we need a", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00078-00062755-00063374": "chest for all of us to put our all of our loot in how do you make a chest in this game how do", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00079-00063374-00063812": "you oh my god falling you are the Oh Mike alright listen all I have is an ink sack", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00080-00063812-00065489": "for some reason well how do you have an ink sack make an entrance oh look a child didn't get away", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00081-00065807-00066710": "what you're the child with the axe of fallin bro oh god what's good what's how it's Elgin", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00082-00066710-00067717": "you're broke leave we talked about burn Troy oh wow all right building this why can't you", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00083-00067717-00068251": "contribute to the house Lewbert he's already blaming blue brick for everything's like damn", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00084-00068251-00068935": "well over you're just ruining everything we yes chance taking one off the [ __ ] to", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00085-00068935-00070234": "make I'll be taking this book to make our God okay so then kill it if it's back what", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00086-00070234-00071050": "is this supposed to be like a sec shackling okay no no that shed should be like a place", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00087-00071050-00071479": "where we hold all of our craft also so what are you gonna do with this monster", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00088-00071479-00074680": "why I'm gonna go on a mining adventure Alex also two creepers oh sorry creepers oh my ring them", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00089-00074680-00076528": "near our sanctuary please I'm bro Libra I can destroy them the guy who wears what they're in", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00090-00076528-00077998": "the thing but they need fuel destroying blue boots he'll leave my house well I I guess I'm gonna go", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00091-00077998-00078694": "on an adventure to find more wood and if I perish then you know remember me oh yeah I'm gonna write", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00092-00078694-00079612": "down your adventure and so hardly winter like to engage an entire house I just launched what have", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00093-00079612-00080361": "you done I'm building a shed to keep Crockett hey you're a big blue boob because I have meat and I", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00094-00080361-00081129": "really need to mark this is asphalt yeah where the hell you say you have like 15 but a bad is", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00095-00081129-00081726": "free wall three wards like so you find easily making that sloshing around are there any people", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00096-00081726-00082317": "basing together yeah we're all like huddled up yeah a person's not even in Lucy oh wow okay", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00097-00082317-00082980": "well I mean okay so that's give me then then I can't believe we got we got attacked by a bunch", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00098-00082980-00083982": "of little cell juniors and nobody did anything like send them off damn wait yeah all the damn", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00099-00083982-00084723": "trees you're making me want to like explore the other islands just for the annoyed I know I I'm", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00100-00084723-00085554": "here I'm out there somewhere you see my dad Perry cos he he wanted to use me as a some sort of a", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00101-00085554-00086334": "resource to get food water and even deliver sex sometimes I remember some politician oh god the", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00102-00086334-00086994": "lag is so bad there it is I'm gathering as much as I kind of like how worker which way did you", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00103-00086994-00087768": "go I don't even know where I am bro TPA to you come on what do i do just TP Danny - I think", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00104-00087768-00088647": "it's TP yeah was it TP that's it just TP Danny I think sheep over there whose name is then your", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00105-00088647-00089694": "net alright we'll all right let me see TP Danny - God unknown command alright I'll just come to you", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00106-00089694-00090255": "guys okay actually actually um alright alright I have about like 30 cobblestone so that make a room", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00107-00090255-00090681": "cuz there's a lesson there's a lot of trees here so like I'll come back right now give me a second", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00108-00090989-00092405": "so how screwed are we at the wither spawns also here's a little trick oh hi hello also his little", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00109-00092405-00094316": "trick if we have splash potions of generation I just fall I just hit a minute wait a minute dank", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00110-00094316-00095042": "brought diamonds oh there's a creeper bot right there with Oh God whatever whatever you guys do", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00111-00095042-00096947": "okay can't wait for my [ __ ] Jones lead it into the shack you malnourished idiot oh and crawling", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00112-00096947-00098252": "up behind dude no dude no no let's fight it No all right I'm gonna build a roof cuz why is the", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00113-00098252-00098798": "bait dude don't don't mess up the base bro that's that's our that's our bread and butter man that's", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00114-00098798-00100166": "gonna be our sanctuary man don't mess if you can get me I got you build a really small like roof", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00115-00100166-00100874": "it's all like they don't oh god they're skeletons everywhere oh god okay you guys I think they're", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00116-00100874-00101594": "shooting arrows that Broly alright I'm here I'm here it didn't hurt the shack but down there's a", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00117-00101594-00102872": "hole [ __ ] you can be anywhere you like I brought wood yeah and eat and I don't even know what this", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00118-00102872-00103561": "is about come on pick it up you come on here just take this I guess just take that take everything", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00119-00103561-00104681": "I have just take take it off I need to make us a nice house better than us I need stone bricks", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00120-00104681-00105470": "okay okay well can you stop sneezing you [ __ ] are the ologies oh there are a lot of power men", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00121-00105470-00105941": "here as well I don't know what we're gonna keep the layout of the base but we're gonna add to it", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00122-00105941-00106435": "outside of the stupid cobblestone or whatever the hell else we have and we're keeping this what all", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00123-00106435-00106922": "right hold on you idiot why why'd you do that what why are you putting that there I just want", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00124-00106922-00107528": "to make a roof you Jew what is this this is not a roof why are you gonna waste pursue it like that", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00125-00107528-00108344": "that stuff makes nice yeah oh my ghoul fallen is like yo so slow oh my god they're creepy I can't", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00126-00108344-00110042": "even a boys oh god oh god and follow this trial and close the creep oh do we have just line the", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00127-00110042-00110528": "top the wall with torches you don't even need to bother making a roof do we have a chest no chests", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00128-00110528-00111428": "oh wow no chests e well I don't have a torch on me so you know you all would be listen we're getting", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00129-00111428-00112223": "shot from like every possible angle dude you all we've dead after rounded by lighting monster we", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00130-00112223-00112808": "are surrounded and we need a chest just in case oh my God where I'm gonna get attacked by spiders", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00131-00112808-00113327": "and skeleton listen a chest is whatever what we need to focus because we can just go pick our", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00132-00113327-00113833": "stuff back up and I'm pretty sure the ears the setting where you could turn on item retention", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00133-00113833-00114533": "on but what we need to do is we need to just get beds made spiders yeah I need to find out what oh", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00134-00114533-00115319": "god you're way to me spiders kill the spider done Danny he's not dying he's like he's like immortal", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00135-00115756-00116563": "oh Christ all right I'm gonna go make the chest real quick all right just make it cuz I want to", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00136-00116563-00117091": "drop a lot of my stuff in there but you know there are like all these outside of the don't open oh my", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00137-00117091-00117823": "god I'm out of here no you cannot abandon the team what are you friggin online I'm not abandoning the", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00138-00117823-00118597": "team I'm going where all the trees are cuz you know I'm trying to get me all right oh my god", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00139-00118597-00119665": "well it's orinda got your tree out there like five creepers you the house don't break this thing for", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00140-00119665-00120598": "us to do since this lag is so bad as to what have sex I agree Oh God if since things aren't", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00141-00120598-00121147": "dying I think the best thing would do would be to once night falls just go into this hovel we", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00142-00121147-00121615": "have and just then go underground and mine at night yeah IDs being because being out during", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00143-00121615-00122092": "the day and not being able to keep up sorry being out and about during the night just isn't good", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00144-00122092-00123163": "when we can't kill anything but I'm hiding for the night now why are you hiding like working", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00145-00123163-00124117": "do anything what is attacking me out here well up already damn it let's just dig a mine right", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00146-00124117-00124807": "here where you re I'm going back home because I can't be out here oh god oh god oh god you should", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00147-00124807-00125653": "be the last person Oh God uh there is like like oh well I can in German oh my god they're all", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00148-00125653-00126909": "over the place dude why are these cows looking at me like it's good news is I escape certain", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00149-00126909-00127509": "death bad news is they're like seven different creeper oh my god there are any everywhere dude", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00150-00127509-00129414": "look at ok let me in the house oh no sorry doors locked like Butkus on getting stung oh you saw", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00151-00129414-00130113": "that I'm looking at needman in the eyes right now don't all right I'm putting my resources in", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00152-00130113-00130733": "here here take pick this up I have focus on tunneling underground could go waste by the", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00153-00130733-00132147": "way it is if anything you should just dig dirt and put it off there's no there's no reason to", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00154-00132147-00133245": "here you Danny but like bluebirds being [ __ ] alright now we go down we go down we", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00155-00133245-00134640": "go let's go does anyone have pickaxes because I need to get a pickaxe okay so before before", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00156-00134640-00135108": "we like mine ourselves in some oblivion we need pickaxes and stuff so like just bring", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00157-00135108-00136062": "them I have I made one pickaxe we also need a freaking torches to uh you may you may possibly", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00158-00136062-00136596": "need is anyone gonna make a ladder for us to get out of or me yeah how the hell we gonna get up", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00159-00137160-00138453": "we need torches I'm gonna kill use them all so just get out of my face just down here Danny's", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00160-00138453-00139353": "like I have the high ground Anakin what could possibly go wrong secretly why would tunnel", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00161-00139353-00139926": "why would you build up you stupid ass what my sorry oh my God we're gonna get killed", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00162-00139926-00140496": "you trapped me down here with falling you know that right alright oh my god my worst thing is", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00163-00140496-00141168": "what money um seems to be poking fun I never thought I'd be alone with Alex in a dark room", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00164-00141270-00142407": "okay so once once we have the stone I don't think you have to put it in the what's it called the um", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00165-00142407-00142917": "you don't have to the first thing you have to put in the furnace to turn it into stone brick", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00166-00142917-00143295": "I think you can do it right at the crafting table yeah yeah once the Stein you can turn it", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00167-00143295-00144183": "into just get the stone brick and then get rid of me you're gonna have to show up around me I", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00168-00144183-00144855": "don't know what you guys are I'm just digging straight down well not straight down but again", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00169-00144855-00145560": "so I just died well let me let me see if I can figure out no way idiot yeah it's called set", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00170-00145560-00146058": "world spawn if you want to buy this one here you just do it remember guys don't well yeah", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00171-00146058-00146421": "there now let's come up to the surface and just set world spawn right in the middle of", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00172-00146421-00147177": "the table all right give me a second I'm with falling down here you know how that can be well", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00173-00147177-00148299": "I want to commit so late a staircase wait am i yeah well I mean how the hell are you supposed", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00174-00148299-00148935": "to get out then yeah I'm safe it's dark it's dark as hell down here does anyone have like", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00175-00148935-00149835": "any anything I have like four different pickaxes I found coal I didn't know one sheet what you get", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00176-00149835-00150807": "that up and go put that in the furnace oh yeah let's see let's see how this goes we just need", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00177-00150807-00151518": "torches man that's all we need cuz its darkest balls down here bro that ain't nothing I don't", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00178-00151518-00151941": "see I don't know where you're at and I don't know what you're doing but just just yeah I get away", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00179-00151941-00152907": "let's see here oh my god I need to get out of here you're diggin me up like deeper in the hole fallin", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00180-00152907-00154071": "let me out of here oh great come on no no what do you know solid the stone that's andesite my", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00181-00154071-00154800": "wife falling your body everything up I just want to bury a little I well of course you do cuz you", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00182-00154800-00155490": "have no soul you ginger you mean astral tamasah good thing he doesn't have a soul all right let", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00183-00155490-00156150": "me get the hell out of here I'm putting coal in the furnace yeat did that work I have no idea", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00184-00156150-00156897": "if it's working or not not oxygen my bad my bad that the coal is not working let me look up the", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00185-00156897-00157308": "Russian beeping you know what I'm putting all this alright I'm really everything water s go in", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00186-00157308-00157947": "the chest there's coal in the chest there's coal in the chest I'll put cobblestone and all that", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00187-00157947-00158571": "stuff in the chest Alex worried all huh hey is it morning right now notice still no it's not it's", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00188-00158571-00159081": "still night time she's gone bars Oh back to mining downstairs I guess it's still annoyed time down", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00189-00159081-00159837": "there yeah okay so I do need to fire cobblestone or yeah I need a fire no Chris just come to us", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00190-00159837-00160674": "look for us you're gonna see light yeah I mean the only place that has light its darkest well", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00191-00160674-00162000": "look for the light damn it that's all you see in real life if your loss I just can't teleport you", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00192-00162000-00162666": "know like to my house you know so you know find a way when there's a wolf I'm the winner gets your", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00193-00162666-00163341": "house all right all right I have a cobblestone in the furnace it should turn in stone so you and I", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00194-00163341-00163833": "can start making the bricks order are better at like 45 different cobblestones so if you want", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00195-00163833-00164544": "all that if we make a mansion can we have fallen asleep in the basement why well I just thought", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00196-00164544-00164994": "we'd make individual houses and make like a little town and then wall oh yeah yeah we could do that", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00197-00164994-00165639": "but like fallen needs to be in the basement of everything we do wait what but first I was", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00198-00165639-00166503": "gonna I was gonna build something I built before it's like a like a blacksmith house do you need I", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00199-00166503-00167301": "put cobblestone actually nowhere let me take their time I am mining like theirs right I just put more", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00200-00167301-00167958": "cobblestone in there for you so oh my god the moon is set first time Yong has actually been useful", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00201-00167958-00168549": "right house huh first time broglie's actually work with somebody right I mean DBZ brilliant is", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00202-00168549-00169395": "did you change the respawn point we need a Jesus this was like so ugly that's crazy we need more", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00203-00169395-00170085": "pickaxes can somebody make more pickaxes I have like two spare one but there wouldn't I don't", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00204-00170085-00170898": "care just pass them over man throw them to me you stupid you think I'm getting a hang of this mouse", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00205-00170898-00171615": "pad I wish I could use controller but God super well slow shadow all right well I have like almost", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00206-00171615-00172191": "a hundred different cobble stone Danny you want to put it up just go put it in the furnace all", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00207-00172191-00173025": "hundred of them Nautilus I kill you first samus ooh oh because I hate you it's not even you're", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00208-00173025-00173460": "not even introduced in Heroes yeah we mean kill me or whatever all right well actually no you know I", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00209-00173460-00174228": "I am what you told mozzie Broly is are you stupid Universal conflict dark don't don't touch me buddy", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00210-00174228-00175254": "me neither are you your other counterpart is the other counterpart there's still me you", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00211-00175254-00175854": "know you're know that you got you freaking was it corrupts Hamas whoever the hell it is I'm not the", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00212-00175854-00177018": "era honest but no longer legging for so i insult fallen and the whole server comes back to normal", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00213-00177018-00177543": "yeah but we out here were you talking about", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00214-00177768-00178503": "yeah we yeah bro we we just we had the fight of our life right now hold on", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00215-00179011-00181462": "there are two creepers right up front that door oh no Danny don't don't look at it don't look at", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00216-00181462-00182176": "it don't look at the close-up that's a pretty nice grassland to be on oh god he pissed them", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00217-00182176-00183325": "off Danny Danny Danny all right you two look look look you see me follow me I found all the", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00218-00183325-00184300": "wood follow me hurry eat no you pissed off it's following you wait it is yes I didn't", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00219-00184300-00186013": "even do anything oh here oh god else did you go following me yes get away from me I don't", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00220-00186013-00186736": "owe you money for future reference if you look and Endermen in the eyes they get Maddie oh no", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00221-00186736-00187198": "no I know but like I didn't look at him that's why I'm looking at a brothers also one right", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00222-00187198-00187771": "in our bit too right well nope they both I'm putting on my stuff in the in the chest cuz", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00223-00187771-00188509": "I'm I bring my own suicide why because I'm low on health I'm hungry and I want to die", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00224-00188509-00189454": "here let me die let me die it's better then oh oh I got let me die okay dunno foofy alright", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00225-00189454-00190174": "putting my stuff back no to give me food give me food why are you making this so difficult", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00226-00190240-00191416": "give me food forget worries oh my god give me food Oh Dan you have all the chain yeah this is", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00227-00191416-00192304": "this guy Ernest how'd you get all distinct I win the kilowatt of cow all you murderer bro are yo", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00228-00192304-00193339": "yo honey Danny Danny and everybody this way this way look this way what hey hey stupids masu this", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00229-00193339-00194257": "way not to be eating buddy I don't care if you're eating dizzy go it put the doorframe right right", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00230-00194257-00195256": "here right here just above this thing yeah I did it get you Cooper to blowies wit by the way Oh", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00231-00195256-00196153": "Danny I put all the cobblestone in the over here again the water creeper alright time for taste", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00232-00196153-00196606": "collect wood by the way guys if you guys are still watching this by this point I think we're about", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00233-00196606-00197347": "like 30 minutes in slap a leg down below if you guys hate there we go so if you hate monsters like", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00234-00197347-00197788": "me don't look but you can't talk crap about me cuz more people like me than they do you", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00235-00197788-00199270": "his feelings are hurt yeah then why don't you please no because I'm burly don't make don't", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00236-00199270-00200005": "listen don't make me play as Monica rial oh no oh no basically you're gonna play on", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00237-00200005-00200644": "the swamp Joe I'm gonna play as a giant like giant velociraptor or something I don't know", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00238-00200644-00201163": "actually you know if we get some shears and I make a phone collect as much wood in this", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00239-00201163-00201574": "area as possible cause like when I came here drawing tonight I almost crapped my pants all", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00240-00201574-00202156": "right I'm thinking it was a case you have the Sheep net no don't they don't know no", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00241-00202156-00203137": "you can't you guys want to build a memorial for em ish being that he's no longer live I think", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00242-00203137-00204574": "we should build a build a monument to wonder who's now who are you for the hard work he's", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00243-00204574-00205226": "done on the server so far at the whole like I I would argue that Danny's put in some work you know", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00244-00205226-00206315": "Danny is a champion no no I mean collectively for the whole team matches for me like Sears", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00245-00206315-00207026": "like Danny he was so much he get me ask for so little like wooden planks are just like", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00246-00207026-00208067": "regular wood I heard this building specifically with what I'm doing on Needham yes Dakin plank", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00247-00208067-00208648": "I joke don't need planks just give me wood and then if I need playing softer no I got wood for", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00248-00208648-00209987": "you buddy also then the who lost nine store by pesky stolen ins and then I'm assuming you told", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00249-00209987-00210638": "me to put the cobblestone why is this Enderman father so because you looked at it didn't you", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00250-00210638-00211267": "the cobblestone or my normal stone and in a normal stone we can turn that into stone", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00251-00211267-00211739": "bricks okay did you hit get into the tool no I didn't touch him bro you're just happy to be in", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00252-00211739-00213271": "the woods you party I'm a nice at least a couple of cobblestone there I am like", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00253-00213271-00214096": "behind not like my souland popularity what is Broly oh yeah right now is brilliant I need I", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00254-00214096-00215071": "need okay thanks I mean oak planks and then I need feel friend Ellis I don't want to be his", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00255-00215071-00216266": "friend I'm dropping like oak planks in your oak hey you hey hey hey I'll need some gravel for", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00256-00216266-00216803": "the floor and then I'll need some birch wood for the rest of Daniel you should go inside", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00257-00217612-00218182": "I got you some sands for the station but yo do we have any any any any more", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00258-00218182-00219202": "pickaxes anything I'll be taking this alright I'll get the hell out of Giga guy my face", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00259-00219202-00220146": "alright I'm going back to where I was we definitely are you gonna go cut the logs", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00260-00220146-00221563": "but cuz I kinda need to go there actually you want some planks old you just need like regular", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00261-00221563-00224491": "man I am turning my um my settings right down I am Steve Rogers here's the leg this is gonna", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00262-00224491-00225715": "be like the blacksmith furnace is just go get supplies wallet wallet for the day is still young", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00263-00225715-00228004": "wait Bluebird get back here are your job your job right now is to level all of this make it", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00264-00228004-00229063": "even all right I mean that's take this and you take this virgin oh great it's just even", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00265-00229063-00230029": "it out just even it out blue burger I'll be will fall in trying to get wood and maintain my watch", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00266-00230029-00230641": "came back watch me come back bloopers Dibley yeah so I I built a nuclear bomb like you said", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00267-00230698-00231836": "I'm like boo Brooke we asked honestly Wow looks I'd say to keep it uneven but that", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00268-00231836-00232460": "I mean no we're gonna build a town might as well have roads and stuff who knows I mean", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00269-00232460-00232835": "we could just take over the boy in my world which I'm sure you've seen the screenshot", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00270-00232835-00233453": "of I just have gravel roads and stairs doing everything we're a modern civilization okay sir", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00271-00233453-00234155": "we're Holly really we're a modern civilization sir", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00272-00234362-00235421": "no we're not I mean you're right we live by Alex a tree I mean technically technically", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00273-00235421-00237737": "we all still haven't slept same okay we don't even have beds well any of my stuff well we", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00274-00237737-00239555": "need more tests we need more chests for sure learning because minecraft what do you need", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00275-00239555-00240608": "any job I need travel for the floor eight some birch wood I can get some crappy classroom you", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00276-00240608-00241892": "know do you need birch logs yeah birch logs also for aesthetic purposes I need some lava house so", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00277-00241892-00242537": "I have oak and birch Tinian that's fine with you because I'm ravaging this forces all right", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00278-00242537-00243581": "yeah we're coming back with some supplies man honey Chen yeah I'm bringing and also a lava a", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00279-00243581-00244187": "lava like because I it was cousin what I have for the black misplace I usually use to lava", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00280-00244187-00244700": "blocks and then we could just use those or dump that's where we just drove [ __ ] we don't need", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00281-00244700-00247369": "we'll need following most crispy duck yeah that sounds pretty good I'm sorry for hitting you", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00282-00247369-00248063": "[ __ ] I was trying to chuck the pitch would L oh my imagine six-foot lady I'm six-three know", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00283-00248063-00254276": "what oh man I'm getting paid to do all this labor right I'm so she lost above you see", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00284-00254276-00255146": "you oh it's like oh my god stop using the mod somebody's flying yeah what you keep using the", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00285-00255146-00255800": "mod and they keep getting updated I'm flying I'm jumping hi what's her stop [ __ ] using", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00286-00255800-00256904": "that hacked client hacking yes this dude I just saw you [ __ ] use the [ __ ] hack to jump you", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00287-00256904-00257732": "if it was a if it was mulched and all of us I need help getting out of this forest where are", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00288-00257732-00258416": "you how are you this listen buddy you if there's a will there's a way when I find you I'm going", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00289-00258416-00259121": "to gut you like a fish yeah if you find me okay buddy I'm coming out looks don't worry", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00290-00259361-00260246": "I'm afraid which is gonna just show up just flying over me hey buddy yeah hack the job come on now", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00291-00260246-00260714": "what sir can't you play with a normal client I'm just trying to get back with all these supplies", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00292-00260714-00261773": "man I have so much supplies come on winter just chill what are your coordinates who's that who's", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00293-00261773-00262460": "that I don't know oz fat Totten rolling press f3 and Rob's out what's in this forest coordinate", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00294-00262460-00263615": "don't know I don't even know I'm somewhere expose it boy okay now I know we didn't come", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00295-00263615-00264128": "to where there's Lake dude oh yeah that's what I'm saying I like I don't remember going there", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00296-00264128-00265655": "so how the hell did I end up here oh my god wallet hold up hold up dude like this is crazy who's this", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00297-00265655-00267089": "Alex I don't know I'm Broly needs to me oh wait a minute I found a village bro ha what yeah yes yes", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00298-00267089-00267938": "oh yeah I found the village bro I know her Johnny no the villagers that's Mullen they fall on their", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00299-00267938-00269284": "trays where's winter what's winter doing almost for them dude find me Alex Donahue I'm not I'm", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00300-00269284-00269935": "not yeah I'm not trying to do that fam I found out just tell me uncle Warren is Elise Oh God", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00301-00269935-00270766": "all right Mike my coordinates are order look out for coordinates practices XYZ XYZ hell do you see", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00302-00270766-00272791": "X Y zero very sorry all right X Y Z five 78723 eight three three yeah fringe [ __ ] Alone's so", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00303-00272791-00273607": "then bring me back to civilization bro I'm coming to find you Alex I'm scared he's floundered looks", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00304-00273607-00274510": "away it's not somebody somebody should definitely go down Alex look I see you oh [ __ ] hey bring me", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00305-00274510-00275461": "back to civilization I don't know if I have enough hunger to make up but we'll try rolling up for you", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00306-00275461-00276073": "to do anything I can do anything will a car his name it's not his name stop murder or sorry only", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00307-00276073-00277522": "murderer can do anything true true yeah you just keep on going I was running the opposite direction", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00308-00277522-00278512": "- hey guys all right Danny you want me to make a ladder going to the mind that we were just that", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00309-00278512-00279022": "you just all you need to do is make a staircase you don't need a ladder but somebody should be", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00310-00279022-00279766": "our designated miner and go mined coal and other stuff Oh trauma this donating me yeah that would", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00311-00279766-00280396": "mean we would have to trust somebody and you know how Trust is on minecraft okay I found some more", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00312-00280396-00281869": "plants in it for you Danny oh you're there squid down here but screws Quentin in the corner what we", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00313-00281869-00283374": "really need right now is coal yeah well let's go buddy I'm probably gonna die we are so for hey I", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00314-00283374-00284610": "died how'd you die Haley I'm gonna shot Boy Scouts got shot by a freaking skeleton big skeleton in", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00315-00284610-00285189": "the basement and I'm like oh okay I'm gonna kill you all right yo come back to the spot I got a", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00316-00285189-00285930": "whole bunch of supplies alright so what is what is the high what's the coordinate all right so Danny", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00317-00285930-00287679": "here just goes at tom 314 by 52 by 4 right yeah it's not that far away from the other negative 4", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00318-00287679-00289650": "for 9 it's not actually that far away I know right I'll collect my [ __ ] you lost everything and I'm", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00319-00289650-00290424": "we'll meet and whatnot oh that's Chris's job yes it is you can't like we're like some fresh steak", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00320-00290424-00291708": "oh I gotta go run let's go in steak for you yeah cuz you murdered a bunch of animals for that food", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00321-00291708-00292869": "Pam you're your own oh you're an offer Mel not doing this yeah alright alright I hope I smell", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00322-00292869-00293568": "the whole British creeper oh boy can anyone deal with this [ __ ] wood the pig you having", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00323-00293568-00294111": "problems on a pig no I'm having trouble with this skeleton that I cannot kill for someone God", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00324-00294111-00294726": "well I I thought you were murdered samastah what happened well in Chechnya so isn't that impressive", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00325-00294931-00295951": "animal are I have yet to heal PC I'm sitting up bombs so we have a DS gonna sit up a Cal", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00326-00295951-00297175": "for master I have weight going how house needs a redesigned for sure but I mean I've already", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00327-00297175-00298684": "I've already got a um I've already go to UM thing fun going a ill obviously I'm making", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00328-00298684-00300007": "a bomb yeah oh my god I can handle that I designed for a compact farm that I'm just", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00329-00300007-00300664": "gonna build up and droves Danny God we have so we all just gonna build on [ __ ] on the", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00330-00300664-00301078": "street I mean for now we need to work together in order for us to get to the point we can build", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00331-00301078-00302527": "our own crap Oh creeper no no we don't know can't kill the horse damn it all right horse", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00332-00302527-00304093": "if you keep running horses old [ __ ] would for you as oh um you're talking all that good see", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00333-00304093-00304486": "the second England thought it came with the iron sword and shoved it up your ass yeah you would", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00334-00304486-00305740": "have thought or yellow stop playing want to be collected some birds would for y'all right now", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00335-00305740-00306439": "um collecting [ __ ] wood right now or stupid alright so with this design there's gonna be", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00336-00306439-00307177": "room for nine furnaces no we need we need more chests to put [ __ ] though actually one two", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00337-00307177-00308268": "three nine all make some more I can only do so much Alex I mean what are you even doing full", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00338-00308268-00308811": "and you're hiding underground yeah what the hell are you doing don't worry about it what do you", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00339-00308811-00309654": "mean don't worry about God the Sun is setting it's okay beads we just want replacing torches", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00340-00309654-00310455": "and there we go yeah yeah we need torches yeah I'm sure nod if you get torches and you get some iron", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00341-00310455-00311529": "we can make lanterns oh yo Danny what do you mean - just put the planks in the chest yeah", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00342-00311529-00312324": "just put them there we all need to go start mining yeah have any torches done yet sorry", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00343-00312324-00313110": "even started the mining pit this leg right now yeah Oh God alright the Sun is setting", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00344-00313110-00314019": "you guys know the business I mean everything rings you mean everything's gonna kill us okay", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00345-00314019-00314784": "probably start getting iron doors and stuff like", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00346-00314784-00316986": "that so we know it's for us so like 62 perch wood in there for you Danny", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00347-00316986-00317868": "and I'll keep on replanting the trees as well the forest great", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00348-00318267-00319056": "oh come on chest all right here start to start grabbing something", "e-s5C3vL6wg-00349-00319056-00319971": "I'm putting the stuff back on yeah why is it here"}}, {"audio_id": "e_2U-TzN90Q", "text": {"e_2U-TzN90Q-00000-00001100-00001800": "Nora Fatehi says she had a blast shooting for 'Kamariya' with Rajkummar Rao", "e_2U-TzN90Q-00001-00001900-00003000": "Nora Fatehi Nora Fatehi says she had a blast shooting for 'Kamariya' with Rajkummar Rao The song will feature in the upcoming horror comedy titled 'Stree'.", "e_2U-TzN90Q-00002-00003100-00004800": "Actress Nora Fatehi says she had a blast shooting for song 'Kamariya' with actors Rajkummar Rao, Aparshakti Khurana and Abhishek Banerjee. The song will feature in the upcoming horror comedy titled 'Stree'.", "e_2U-TzN90Q-00003-00004900-00005900": "\"'Kamariya' is a wonderfully composed song. The concept for the video is so fresh and it's unlike anything I have done before.", "e_2U-TzN90Q-00004-00006000-00007300": "The whole song has this rustic visual. Plus, I had a blast shooting for it with Rajkummar, Aparshakti and Abhishek,\" Nora said in a statement.", "e_2U-TzN90Q-00005-00007400-00008600": "Talking about her look, she said: \"The costumes are so quirky. I am wearing a sari which has been tied around my waist with sneakers and a sweater.", "e_2U-TzN90Q-00006-00008700-00010800": "My hair is messy.\" Nora will be seen in a rustic look for the first time. \"When I was told that the girl I play in the song \"Kamariya\" will be from Bhopal and very rural but with spunk, I was up for the challenge and felt really ecstatic that I was donning an entirely new look.", "e_2U-TzN90Q-00007-00010900-00012100": "People have not seen me in a rustic earthy look,\" she said. Nora hopes she has done \"done justice\". \"I hope people will like the new look.", "e_2U-TzN90Q-00008-00012200-00013300": "It will be something different for my fans and the audience,\" she added. \"Stree\" also stars Shraddha Kapoor and Pankaj Tripathi.", "e_2U-TzN90Q-00009-00013400-00014700": "Presented by Dinesh Vijan and a Maddock Films production in association with D2r films and Jio Studios, 'Stree' will release on August 31.."}}, {"audio_id": "e_7Hm7hReXu", "text": {"e_7Hm7hReXu-00000-00000542-00000875": "I grew up Fall River, MA. I got interested with communications", "e_7Hm7hReXu-00001-00000875-00001204": "through FREDTV thats what kinda opened the door for me", "e_7Hm7hReXu-00002-00001204-00001604": "I did know one thing: that I liked to interact with people so I knew that", "e_7Hm7hReXu-00003-00001604-00001930": "communications definitely dealt with interacting with people but it also gave", "e_7Hm7hReXu-00004-00001930-00002064": "me a chance to kind of", "e_7Hm7hReXu-00005-00002064-00002459": "venture into different aspects of it without having to commit", "e_7Hm7hReXu-00006-00002459-00002837": "immediately to what I was eventually going to go into", "e_7Hm7hReXu-00007-00002837-00003221": "BCC wasn't my first choice. I was supposed to attend the University of", "e_7Hm7hReXu-00008-00003221-00003386": "Massachusetts Amherst", "e_7Hm7hReXu-00009-00003386-00003689": "but because of finances I wasn't able to do so", "e_7Hm7hReXu-00010-00003689-00004110": "I wasn't looking for the dorm life I was looking for an education", "e_7Hm7hReXu-00011-00004110-00004416": "and I got that with BCC. As I went on", "e_7Hm7hReXu-00012-00004416-00004863": "I took a class in public relations. I really like the concept of being a", "e_7Hm7hReXu-00013-00004863-00005017": "liaison between", "e_7Hm7hReXu-00014-00005017-00005412": "organization and all of its publics, whether that be the media or the", "e_7Hm7hReXu-00015-00005412-00005497": "consumers", "e_7Hm7hReXu-00016-00005497-00005882": "As part of my financial aid award I was also given work-study", "e_7Hm7hReXu-00017-00005882-00006250": "After about a year as a work-study I heard about", "e_7Hm7hReXu-00018-00006250-00006675": "job opening as a receptionist. The work study actually opened the door for me", "e_7Hm7hReXu-00019-00006675-00006848": "because I was able to get the job", "e_7Hm7hReXu-00020-00006848-00007202": "as a part time receptionist. Here at BCC", "e_7Hm7hReXu-00021-00007202-00007604": "we have a co-op program. I was lucky enough to have an internship right here", "e_7Hm7hReXu-00022-00007604-00007753": "in the Communications Office", "e_7Hm7hReXu-00023-00007753-00008070": "They had me doing things that I would do in a public relations role", "e_7Hm7hReXu-00024-00008070-00008399": "such as writing press releases or", "e_7Hm7hReXu-00025-00008399-00008845": "creating social media posts. Commencement for me is another part of my journey", "e_7Hm7hReXu-00026-00008845-00009329": "It's been an opportunity for me to get my feet on the ground and kind of take a", "e_7Hm7hReXu-00027-00009329-00009681": "breather before I head into the real world into a four year university", "e_7Hm7hReXu-00028-00009681-00010038": "After here I do plan on transferring to Rhode Island College", "e_7Hm7hReXu-00029-00010038-00010417": "I plan on majoring in communications with a concentration", "e_7Hm7hReXu-00030-00010417-00010777": "in public relations so I am able to take what I learned here,", "e_7Hm7hReXu-00031-00010777-00011185": "especially my internship where I have a hands-on experience in the field", "e_7Hm7hReXu-00032-00011185-00011349": "and bring that with me to the school"}}, {"audio_id": "e_ju75iYCh0", "text": {"e_ju75iYCh0-00000-00000010-00000340": "TO WIN BY A FINAL OF 86-78.", "e_ju75iYCh0-00001-00000340-00000347": "TO WIN BY A FINAL OF 86-78.", "e_ju75iYCh0-00002-00000347-00000553": "TO WIN BY A FINAL OF 86-78. >>> LOOKING FOR THE FIRST", "e_ju75iYCh0-00003-00000553-00000560": "TO WIN BY A FINAL OF 86-78. >>> LOOKING FOR THE FIRST", "e_ju75iYCh0-00004-00000560-00000683": "TO WIN BY A FINAL OF 86-78. >>> LOOKING FOR THE FIRST CONFERENCE WOMEN, THE BEAVER", "e_ju75iYCh0-00005-00000683-00000690": ">>> LOOKING FOR THE FIRST CONFERENCE WOMEN, THE BEAVER", "e_ju75iYCh0-00006-00000690-00000820": ">>> LOOKING FOR THE FIRST CONFERENCE WOMEN, THE BEAVER WOMEN ALSO HOSTED DULUTH", "e_ju75iYCh0-00007-00000820-00000827": "CONFERENCE WOMEN, THE BEAVER WOMEN ALSO HOSTED DULUTH", "e_ju75iYCh0-00008-00000827-00000857": "CONFERENCE WOMEN, THE BEAVER WOMEN ALSO HOSTED DULUTH SATURDAY.", "e_ju75iYCh0-00009-00000857-00000864": "WOMEN ALSO HOSTED DULUTH SATURDAY.", "e_ju75iYCh0-00010-00000864-00001061": "WOMEN ALSO HOSTED DULUTH SATURDAY. THIRD QUARTER BEAVERS STARTED TO", "e_ju75iYCh0-00011-00001061-00001067": "SATURDAY. THIRD QUARTER BEAVERS STARTED TO", "e_ju75iYCh0-00012-00001067-00001418": "SATURDAY. THIRD QUARTER BEAVERS STARTED TO TAKE CONTROL OF THIS ONE.", "e_ju75iYCh0-00013-00001418-00001424": "THIRD QUARTER BEAVERS STARTED TO TAKE CONTROL OF THIS ONE.", "e_ju75iYCh0-00014-00001424-00002011": "THIRD QUARTER BEAVERS STARTED TO TAKE CONTROL OF THIS ONE. AMY PELZER KNOCKS DOWN THE", "e_ju75iYCh0-00015-00002011-00002018": "TAKE CONTROL OF THIS ONE. AMY PELZER KNOCKS DOWN THE", "e_ju75iYCh0-00016-00002018-00002045": "TAKE CONTROL OF THIS ONE. AMY PELZER KNOCKS DOWN THE THREE.", "e_ju75iYCh0-00017-00002045-00002052": "AMY PELZER KNOCKS DOWN THE THREE.", "e_ju75iYCh0-00018-00002052-00002355": "AMY PELZER KNOCKS DOWN THE THREE. SECONDS TO GO IN THE PERIOD", "e_ju75iYCh0-00019-00002355-00002362": "THREE. SECONDS TO GO IN THE PERIOD", "e_ju75iYCh0-00020-00002362-00002649": "THREE. SECONDS TO GO IN THE PERIOD PELZER DIVES FOR THREE OF THE", "e_ju75iYCh0-00021-00002649-00002655": "SECONDS TO GO IN THE PERIOD PELZER DIVES FOR THREE OF THE", "e_ju75iYCh0-00022-00002655-00002706": "SECONDS TO GO IN THE PERIOD PELZER DIVES FOR THREE OF THE 16.", "e_ju75iYCh0-00023-00002706-00002712": "PELZER DIVES FOR THREE OF THE 16.", "e_ju75iYCh0-00024-00002712-00002929": "PELZER DIVES FOR THREE OF THE 16. GOES UP NINE AFTER 3, AND BUILD", "e_ju75iYCh0-00025-00002929-00002936": "16. GOES UP NINE AFTER 3, AND BUILD", "e_ju75iYCh0-00026-00002936-00003119": "16. GOES UP NINE AFTER 3, AND BUILD A DOUBLE DIGIT LEAD AT THE", "e_ju75iYCh0-00027-00003119-00003126": "GOES UP NINE AFTER 3, AND BUILD A DOUBLE DIGIT LEAD AT THE", "e_ju75iYCh0-00028-00003126-00003159": "GOES UP NINE AFTER 3, AND BUILD A DOUBLE DIGIT LEAD AT THE FOURTH.", "e_ju75iYCh0-00029-00003159-00003166": "A DOUBLE DIGIT LEAD AT THE FOURTH.", "e_ju75iYCh0-00030-00003166-00003570": "A DOUBLE DIGIT LEAD AT THE FOURTH. BUT UMD WOULD CLAW BACK, AND", "e_ju75iYCh0-00031-00003570-00003576": "FOURTH. BUT UMD WOULD CLAW BACK, AND", "e_ju75iYCh0-00032-00003576-00003723": "FOURTH. BUT UMD WOULD CLAW BACK, AND EMMA'S SHOT COMES UP SHORT HERE,", "e_ju75iYCh0-00033-00003723-00003730": "BUT UMD WOULD CLAW BACK, AND EMMA'S SHOT COMES UP SHORT HERE,", "e_ju75iYCh0-00034-00003730-00003943": "BUT UMD WOULD CLAW BACK, AND EMMA'S SHOT COMES UP SHORT HERE, AND THE BEAVERS GET THEIR FIRST", "e_ju75iYCh0-00035-00003943-00003950": "EMMA'S SHOT COMES UP SHORT HERE, AND THE BEAVERS GET THEIR FIRST", "e_ju75iYCh0-00036-00003950-00004000": "EMMA'S SHOT COMES UP SHORT HERE, AND THE BEAVERS GET THEIR FIRST CONFERENCE VICTORY, 60-57 OVER"}}, {"audio_id": "e_x_2C2tfSg", "text": {"e_x_2C2tfSg-00000-00000203-00001069": "So in this screencast I will show how to make it so that we see the mouse coordinates over here in the graphics view.", "e_x_2C2tfSg-00001-00001070-00002180": "It is correct that this is a setting that we can save. We go to Options and then Settings and then to the Graphics tab. Scroll down.", "e_x_2C2tfSg-00002-00002180-00002790": "And then this checkbox “Show Mouse Coordinates” and you click on it.", "e_x_2C2tfSg-00003-00002790-00003046": "Now you can see the mouse coordinates over here.", "e_x_2C2tfSg-00004-00003046-00003446": "Save the Settings and Close.", "e_x_2C2tfSg-00005-00003446-00003929": "So now the next time you open GeoGebra, this will be the default setting."}}, {"audio_id": "e_KyH_pzgW8", "text": {"e_KyH_pzgW8-00000-00000048-00000544": "Let's see how to activate and deactivate specific components from a GameObject in Unity,", "e_KyH_pzgW8-00001-00000544-00001032": "I am reusing the system I built in the previous video to activate and deactivate GameObjects,", "e_KyH_pzgW8-00002-00001032-00001496": "here in the corner I leave the video in case you are interested in seeing how the script works.", "e_KyH_pzgW8-00003-00001496-00001807": "Its function is to activate and deactivate a GameObject", "e_KyH_pzgW8-00004-00001807-00002416": "when the D and A keys are pressed respectively. In the previous video what we basically did was to", "e_KyH_pzgW8-00005-00002416-00002984": "check and uncheck this box through a script, that activated and deactivated the entire GameObject,", "e_KyH_pzgW8-00006-00003072-00003672": "now what we wanna do is activate and deactivate specific components, here as an example I have", "e_KyH_pzgW8-00007-00003672-00004184": "an AudioSource component, a light component, a Collider, a RigidBody and a script that I", "e_KyH_pzgW8-00008-00004184-00004760": "myself have created, which I call MyAwesomeScript. The components that we will be able to activate", "e_KyH_pzgW8-00009-00004760-00005288": "and deactivate, at least using this method are those who have the checkbox, here if the box", "e_KyH_pzgW8-00010-00005288-00005768": "is unchecked that component is inactive and will not perform its function. Here we have", "e_KyH_pzgW8-00011-00005768-00006200": "the script that we did in the previous video, we'll do the following: if we want to disable", "e_KyH_pzgW8-00012-00006200-00006752": "an AudioSource component, we will need to define here a reference for that AudioSource component.", "e_KyH_pzgW8-00013-00006752-00007400": "We can do this with public AudioSource and give it the name you want,", "e_KyH_pzgW8-00014-00007704-00008208": "save the script and now when we go to the object that has the script assigned we see that this", "e_KyH_pzgW8-00015-00008208-00008728": "AudioSource component appears in the inspector with the name we gave it, then we can assign the", "e_KyH_pzgW8-00016-00008728-00009576": "GameObject that has that component, In our case, this object has the AudioSource component assign,", "e_KyH_pzgW8-00017-00009576-00010016": "so we can take this object and place it here in MyAudioSource field,", "e_KyH_pzgW8-00018-00010016-00010584": "the same if we want to activate or deactivate the light, for that we need to define a reference of", "e_KyH_pzgW8-00019-00010584-00011224": "this type, of the type light, public light and give it a name, in this case MyLight,", "e_KyH_pzgW8-00020-00011224-00011688": "save the Script. Here in the GameObject that has the script we see that reference,", "e_KyH_pzgW8-00021-00011688-00012000": "take the object that has the light component, assign it", "e_KyH_pzgW8-00022-00012000-00012784": "to the new field and for the other components is the same process, I'm gonna do it faster,", "e_KyH_pzgW8-00023-00013856-00014304": "Save the Script, go to the inspector and drag the GameObject that has the components.", "e_KyH_pzgW8-00024-00014304-00014824": "notice that here we have the references of each of the components, now to activate and deactivate", "e_KyH_pzgW8-00025-00014824-00015672": "these components simply use the name for example, MyAudioSource dot enable equals to false,", "e_KyH_pzgW8-00026-00015728-00016256": "and if we want to activate is My AudioSource dot enable equals to true.", "e_KyH_pzgW8-00027-00016656-00017192": "Note the difference, this here is the execution of a function and between the parentheses are", "e_KyH_pzgW8-00028-00017192-00017728": "the parameters required by that function, here in this other case we are assigning a value,", "e_KyH_pzgW8-00029-00017848-00018448": "in this case a boolean value to the enabled variable of MyAudioSource component. I will repeat", "e_KyH_pzgW8-00030-00018448-00019328": "the same for the other components. Here I have", "e_KyH_pzgW8-00031-00019328-00019808": "finished. Notice that in all cases it is practically the same instruction,", "e_KyH_pzgW8-00032-00019808-00020184": "the only thing we change is the object we are using and the value we assign.", "e_KyH_pzgW8-00033-00020536-00021016": "I enter in the play mode, I press the A key and here we see that all the components are", "e_KyH_pzgW8-00034-00021016-00021840": "deactivated, I press D and all the components are activated, this RigidBody as you see doesn't have", "e_KyH_pzgW8-00035-00021840-00022288": "that checkbox to activate and deactivate, so this method could not be applied."}}, {"audio_id": "eAzK99kIeG8", "text": {"eAzK99kIeG8-00000-00000508-00000777": "Hi there ! Your webinar is coming up and your next step", "eAzK99kIeG8-00001-00000777-00000924": "is to create your slide deck.", "eAzK99kIeG8-00002-00000924-00001290": "But how does creating a slide deck differ for the online environment ?", "eAzK99kIeG8-00003-00001290-00001757": "For webinars, slides are much more of a visual aid rather than a vocal point and here is", "eAzK99kIeG8-00004-00001757-00002294": "some tips to make sure you get them right. Firstly: choose bullet points over paragraphs,", "eAzK99kIeG8-00005-00002294-00002877": "single visuals over multiple images and simple graphics over complex charts and spreadsheets.", "eAzK99kIeG8-00006-00002877-00003286": "It's important to be concise and focus on key facts and insights.", "eAzK99kIeG8-00007-00003286-00003747": "Tip number 2: How many slides do you need for your webinar ? While there is no one size", "eAzK99kIeG8-00008-00003747-00004196": "fits all approach, a general rule of thumb is to have one slide per 2 minutes of content", "eAzK99kIeG8-00009-00004196-00004696": "Tip number 3: If you are using videos or polls, insert a slide at where you would like these", "eAzK99kIeG8-00010-00004696-00004842": "played or launched.", "eAzK99kIeG8-00011-00004842-00005192": "It will keep you on track and will make for a seemless transition.", "eAzK99kIeG8-00012-00005192-00005619": "For more tips on creating slides, please refer to our blog on how to create a sensational", "eAzK99kIeG8-00013-00005619-00005742": "webinar slide deck?", "eAzK99kIeG8-00014-00005742-00005846": "Best of luck with your event !"}}, {"audio_id": "eAYOIe-AcN4", "text": {"eAYOIe-AcN4-00000-00001262-00002136": "Lyrics: Chiaki Natsume Composition: Chiaki Natsume", "eAYOIe-AcN4-00001-00001262-00002136": "Arrangement: Chiaki Natsume Vocal: GUMI", "eAYOIe-AcN4-00002-00001262-00002136": "Kano - センチメンタルな愛慕心", "eAYOIe-AcN4-00003-00002339-00002413": "Please subscribe~", "eAYOIe-AcN4-00004-00002750-00003077": "When I was think back into the time", "eAYOIe-AcN4-00005-00003077-00003474": "The first thing get into my head are the moment you ​held my hand", "eAYOIe-AcN4-00006-00003474-00003961": "Guess it was for the sake of that weak little me", "eAYOIe-AcN4-00007-00004031-00004338": "Even that you not usually talk", "eAYOIe-AcN4-00008-00004338-00004755": "You still express your emotion to me", "eAYOIe-AcN4-00009-00004755-00005215": "Even just like that, but it's enough to fill me with ​happiness", "eAYOIe-AcN4-00010-00005215-00005566": "Well I can only ​smile to you...", "eAYOIe-AcN4-00011-00005566-00005900": "I cannot bring myself to say something like", "eAYOIe-AcN4-00012-00005900-00006203": "\"I'm really ​love you\"", "eAYOIe-AcN4-00013-00006203-00006403": "Could you please allow my selfishness", "eAYOIe-AcN4-00014-00006403-00006834": "To give me ​one last hug", "eAYOIe-AcN4-00015-00006834-00007151": "I'm sorry, forgive me", "eAYOIe-AcN4-00016-00007151-00007554": "I am just so small and weak", "eAYOIe-AcN4-00017-00007554-00007938": "Even so, I'm still ​loving you", "eAYOIe-AcN4-00018-00009156-00009476": "Until to now I'm still remember that", "eAYOIe-AcN4-00019-00009476-00009880": "Your smile when you tease me", "eAYOIe-AcN4-00020-00009880-00010100": "Why am I still", "eAYOIe-AcN4-00021-00010100-00010341": "able to recall over again", "eAYOIe-AcN4-00022-00010341-00010691": "I cannot prevent my ​tear falling", "eAYOIe-AcN4-00023-00010691-00010778": "Back to ​reality", "eAYOIe-AcN4-00024-00010778-00011328": "There only me here, stuck at the ​past, can't get myself over that", "eAYOIe-AcN4-00025-00011328-00011956": "I still cannot let it go, all of those ​precious feeling", "eAYOIe-AcN4-00026-00011956-00012643": "The tangles in your carelessly grown hair", "eAYOIe-AcN4-00027-00012643-00013410": "shook gently in the air", "eAYOIe-AcN4-00028-00014345-00014988": "If I forgot all about that, will all of my burden be ​vanish?", "eAYOIe-AcN4-00029-00014988-00015219": "When I think about that, I always feel lonely", "eAYOIe-AcN4-00030-00015219-00015649": "and it just made me more painful", "eAYOIe-AcN4-00031-00015649-00015960": "I'm sorry, forgive me", "eAYOIe-AcN4-00032-00015960-00016327": "I think I have say ​'farewell'", "eAYOIe-AcN4-00033-00016327-00016997": "Be carried alone with the seasons", "eAYOIe-AcN4-00034-00016620-00017248": "We meet each other again, it must be a miracle by the god", "eAYOIe-AcN4-00035-00017248-00018042": "The fact we able to get here, it must be because our feeling were overlapped", "eAYOIe-AcN4-00036-00018042-00018606": "Just like that, just like that, that's good enough", "eAYOIe-AcN4-00037-00018606-00018976": "My dearest ​beloved one", "eAYOIe-AcN4-00038-00000000-00000010": "​"}}, {"audio_id": "eBdZwAaYe90", "text": {"eBdZwAaYe90-00000-00000612-00000933": "Greetings and welcome to my astronomy and physical science", "eBdZwAaYe90-00001-00000933-00001032": "classes.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00002-00001032-00001320": "In this video, we are going to discuss the article review", "eBdZwAaYe90-00003-00001320-00001470": "assignment that you will be doing", "eBdZwAaYe90-00004-00001470-00001629": "and you'll be doing three of these", "eBdZwAaYe90-00005-00001629-00001907": "over the course of the semester.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00006-00001907-00002131": "And I give you the instructions at the beginning.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00007-00002131-00002307": "Some people like to get a head start", "eBdZwAaYe90-00008-00002307-00002466": "and be able to work ahead on these", "eBdZwAaYe90-00009-00002466-00002703": "to be able to save some time when it comes later", "eBdZwAaYe90-00010-00002703-00002847": "in the semester.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00011-00002847-00002997": "So what you're going to do for this", "eBdZwAaYe90-00012-00002997-00003440": "is to select an article from a popular science magazine.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00013-00003440-00003840": "Now I'll give you some examples for astronomy classes,", "eBdZwAaYe90-00014-00003840-00004047": "things like Aastronomy and Sky and Telescope", "eBdZwAaYe90-00015-00004047-00004359": "are great for astronomy - for physical science classes", "eBdZwAaYe90-00016-00004359-00004677": "there is Popular Science, Scientific American, Science", "eBdZwAaYe90-00017-00004677-00004806": "News.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00018-00004806-00004906": "What I'm looking for.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00019-00004906-00005079": "Is it has to be a science magazine.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00020-00005079-00005364": "So don't go to Time or Newsweek or the newspaper.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00021-00005364-00005616": "Those are not acceptable for this project.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00022-00005616-00005850": "I'm looking for a science magazine.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00023-00005850-00006231": "It does not have to be peer reviewed or refereed article.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00024-00006231-00006591": "Most of those in the astronomy and physical science field", "eBdZwAaYe90-00025-00006591-00006845": "will be well above the level of this class.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00026-00006845-00007122": "I've had students do them and you're more than welcome to.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00027-00007122-00007497": "But they're a little above what I'm looking for this class.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00028-00007497-00007813": "The big thing is I am looking for an article.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00029-00007813-00007914": "So it should be.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00030-00007914-00008603": "Generally these are between five and seven pages long.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00031-00008603-00008749": "So if you're getting something that", "eBdZwAaYe90-00032-00008749-00009020": "is half a page or one page.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00033-00009020-00009136": "It's a news summary.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00034-00009136-00009282": "It's just a new discovery.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00035-00009282-00009506": "It might be something great and interesting.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00036-00009506-00009853": "But it's not what I'm looking for this project.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00037-00009853-00010006": "If you're doing an astronomy one you", "eBdZwAaYe90-00038-00010006-00010297": "do not want an observing article that", "eBdZwAaYe90-00039-00010297-00010567": "tells you about these interesting clusters", "eBdZwAaYe90-00040-00010567-00010780": "or interesting galaxies that you can observe", "eBdZwAaYe90-00041-00010780-00010941": "with the small telescope.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00042-00010941-00011116": "Those are interesting articles but they're", "eBdZwAaYe90-00043-00011116-00011419": "not what I want for this project.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00044-00011419-00011746": "What I will give you for the first review", "eBdZwAaYe90-00045-00011746-00011944": "is a list of acceptable articles.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00046-00011944-00012203": "You are welcome to choose from one of those,", "eBdZwAaYe90-00047-00012203-00012554": "if you like if you wish to select your own,", "eBdZwAaYe90-00048-00012554-00012811": "then I do recommend that you check with me.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00049-00012811-00013012": "Send me an email with the link in advance", "eBdZwAaYe90-00050-00013012-00013322": "and I'll be happy to look at that the problem.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00051-00013322-00013471": "I find with most students is when", "eBdZwAaYe90-00052-00013471-00013791": "you select an online article most of the time you're", "eBdZwAaYe90-00053-00013791-00014019": "finding as new news article.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00054-00014019-00014341": "It's much too short to be able to get into the detail", "eBdZwAaYe90-00055-00014341-00014613": "I want for here.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00056-00014613-00014869": "I then ask you to write a two to three", "eBdZwAaYe90-00057-00014869-00015353": "page summary and analysis that includes the following items.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00058-00015353-00015734": "Now I don't grade this as requiring two to three pages", "eBdZwAaYe90-00059-00015734-00016149": "if you can fully answer everything in less than that.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00060-00016149-00016244": "That's good!", "eBdZwAaYe90-00061-00016244-00016505": "But generally what I've found is that ones", "eBdZwAaYe90-00062-00016505-00016844": "that are less than two full double spaced pages", "eBdZwAaYe90-00063-00016844-00017117": "simply are not answering the fully answering", "eBdZwAaYe90-00064-00017117-00017285": "the questions that I give.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00065-00017285-00017606": "And what I ask you to go over for the assignment.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00066-00017606-00017897": "So if you write 1 and 1/2 pages worth", "eBdZwAaYe90-00067-00017897-00018197": "you're generally skimping on parts of the review", "eBdZwAaYe90-00068-00018197-00018380": "that I am looking for.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00069-00018380-00018641": "So if it's not at least two full pages", "eBdZwAaYe90-00070-00018641-00018849": "you may want to go back and look and make sure", "eBdZwAaYe90-00071-00018849-00019245": "you expand on some of the sections.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00072-00019245-00019445": "So what am I looking for when I grade these?", "eBdZwAaYe90-00073-00019445-00019634": "Well, I have six points here that I'm", "eBdZwAaYe90-00074-00019634-00019760": "going to be giving you.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00075-00019760-00019907": "First is your source.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00076-00019907-00020054": "What was the article?", "eBdZwAaYe90-00077-00020054-00020228": "If it's one of the articles I provided", "eBdZwAaYe90-00078-00020228-00020513": "you can simply provide the title and the author", "eBdZwAaYe90-00079-00020513-00020768": "and just say it was one of the articles provided", "eBdZwAaYe90-00080-00020768-00020930": "for by the professor.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00081-00020930-00021170": "That's perfectly fine if you're doing", "eBdZwAaYe90-00082-00021170-00021422": "another one you can give me a reference for it", "eBdZwAaYe90-00083-00021422-00021611": "or a link to it.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00084-00021611-00021878": "The key is I have to be able to access the article", "eBdZwAaYe90-00085-00021878-00022223": "to see it if it's not one that I am familiar with.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00086-00022223-00022592": "So I need to be able to know that the next thing I need", "eBdZwAaYe90-00087-00022592-00022763": "is a reason.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00088-00022763-00022917": "Why did you pick this article?", "eBdZwAaYe90-00089-00022917-00023118": "Did something interest you about the subject?", "eBdZwAaYe90-00090-00023118-00023324": "Did something catch your attention?", "eBdZwAaYe90-00091-00023324-00023498": "Discuss why you picked here and I'm", "eBdZwAaYe90-00092-00023498-00023715": "looking for a paragraph worth.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00093-00023715-00024050": "So a sentence or two is not going to be sufficient here.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00094-00024050-00024218": "Give me some good details.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00095-00024218-00024518": "Maybe it relates to something from your life", "eBdZwAaYe90-00096-00024518-00024734": "that really stuck with you that you really", "eBdZwAaYe90-00097-00024734-00024920": "wanted to look at for this.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00098-00024920-00025196": "And that's great.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00099-00025196-00025320": "So I'm looking for that.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00100-00025320-00025557": "And I'm looking for a little bit of discussion there.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00101-00025557-00025783": "And that is worth eight points your source", "eBdZwAaYe90-00102-00025783-00026036": "is worth seven points.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00103-00026036-00026195": "Then come the three big sections.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00104-00026195-00026264": "This is them.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00105-00026264-00026483": "This is the heart of the review.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00106-00026483-00026689": "First is to summarize it.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00107-00026689-00026951": "And I really am just looking for one maybe one", "eBdZwAaYe90-00108-00026951-00027245": "to two paragraphs that summarize the main point", "eBdZwAaYe90-00109-00027245-00027392": "points of the article.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00110-00027392-00027704": "I don't need three pages that go through the article in detail", "eBdZwAaYe90-00111-00027704-00028067": "hit the high points and tell me what the article was about.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00112-00028067-00028257": "So that's the part, people usually do.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00113-00028257-00028691": "And then we attend to skimp is when it becomes the analysis.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00114-00028691-00028931": "What did you think of the article.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00115-00028931-00029039": "So this should be.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00116-00029039-00029351": "Again, I say one maybe one to two paragraphs", "eBdZwAaYe90-00117-00029351-00029681": "that tells me your ideas about the article.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00118-00029681-00029867": "Did you like the way they explain", "eBdZwAaYe90-00119-00029867-00030167": "things did you not like the way they explain things.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00120-00030167-00030286": "Either one is fine.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00121-00030286-00030731": "But tell me why give me some specific examples.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00122-00030731-00030908": "I'm not looking for you to analyze", "eBdZwAaYe90-00123-00030908-00031183": "the science of the article, not telling asking you to tell me", "eBdZwAaYe90-00124-00031183-00031433": "what the science is good or bad, but I'm", "eBdZwAaYe90-00125-00031433-00031689": "asking you to tell me to how did they present.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00126-00031689-00031970": "So how did the authors present that to you.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00127-00031970-00032138": "And did it help you to understand", "eBdZwAaYe90-00128-00032138-00032462": "it were they at much too high a level much too low of a level.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00129-00032462-00032747": "And again, give me some very specific examples", "eBdZwAaYe90-00130-00032747-00033015": "say that in this part they explained this.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00131-00033015-00033312": "And I didn't understand it and talk to me about why.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00132-00033312-00033551": "What did you not understand about it.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00133-00033551-00033740": "For example, what did you understand.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00134-00033740-00034019": "How come you liked the way they explain something.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00135-00034019-00034407": "So go into some good detail here.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00136-00034407-00034724": "Then I want you to come up with three questions.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00137-00034724-00034975": "So what come to your mind.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00138-00034975-00035192": "They could be things you didn't understand something", "eBdZwAaYe90-00139-00035192-00035354": "you would have liked the author to have", "eBdZwAaYe90-00140-00035354-00035520": "talked about a little bit more.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00141-00035520-00035876": "And then take a sentence or two discuss each question", "eBdZwAaYe90-00142-00035876-00036113": "and why these are important.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00143-00036113-00036369": "So overall, this is the heart of your article.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00144-00036369-00036797": "If this is not the major point, then you're missing something.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00145-00036797-00037187": "And please note they're each worth 10 points.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00146-00037187-00037642": "So you don't want to give me a really long summary and then", "eBdZwAaYe90-00147-00037642-00037843": "just a few sentences for the analysis.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00148-00037843-00037962": "These are equally weighted.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00149-00037962-00038083": "If you're under doing this, you're", "eBdZwAaYe90-00150-00038083-00038244": "going to get you're to get it's going", "eBdZwAaYe90-00151-00038244-00038401": "to hurt your grade because you're", "eBdZwAaYe90-00152-00038401-00038776": "not sufficiently analyzing the article if you're not coming up", "eBdZwAaYe90-00153-00038776-00038947": "with the questions and discussing them.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00154-00038947-00039265": "That will hurt you as well.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00155-00039265-00039628": "Then for formatting a little bit the last section and points", "eBdZwAaYe90-00156-00039628-00040295": "are we look at down here you will see we have", "eBdZwAaYe90-00157-00040295-00040586": "that eye required to be written in paragraph format.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00158-00040586-00040919": "All I mean with that is that I don't want you numbering it.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00159-00040919-00041130": "Number one my reference number two,", "eBdZwAaYe90-00160-00041130-00041333": "I pick this article because don't", "eBdZwAaYe90-00161-00041333-00041657": "number them don't letter them don't bullet them just", "eBdZwAaYe90-00162-00041657-00041836": "write them in to paragraph.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00163-00041836-00042065": "So it's a nice smooth reading article", "eBdZwAaYe90-00164-00042065-00042356": "I should not be jumping and jumping back and forth like you", "eBdZwAaYe90-00165-00042356-00042675": "would with, for example, writing up a homework assignment.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00166-00042675-00043037": "So nothing should be numbered or bulleted entirely", "eBdZwAaYe90-00167-00043037-00043205": "in paragraph form.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00168-00043205-00043526": "And then finally, I ask you to give me some type of header", "eBdZwAaYe90-00169-00043526-00043685": "for each section.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00170-00043685-00044174": "So for as an example that might be reason", "eBdZwAaYe90-00171-00044174-00044489": "and you can leave that to one side and then your reason", "eBdZwAaYe90-00172-00044489-00044742": "you write your reason in here.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00173-00044742-00045148": "And then you'd go on to the summary", "eBdZwAaYe90-00174-00045148-00045454": "and then below that you'd write in whatever you write", "eBdZwAaYe90-00175-00045454-00046231": "for summary and analysis, and so on all", "eBdZwAaYe90-00176-00046231-00046606": "that helps me is to follow your review.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00177-00046606-00046984": "Make it quicker for me to grade because I can see each section", "eBdZwAaYe90-00178-00046984-00047285": "that you're looking at and how I had", "eBdZwAaYe90-00179-00047285-00047569": "and what you intend for it to be your summary, what", "eBdZwAaYe90-00180-00047569-00047788": "you intend to be your analysis, what you", "eBdZwAaYe90-00181-00047788-00047989": "intend to be your questions.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00182-00047989-00048166": "And while that may be clear to you", "eBdZwAaYe90-00183-00048166-00048308": "sometimes when I'm reading them.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00184-00048308-00048440": "They seem to blur together.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00185-00048440-00048820": "And I'm having to try to divide where your analysis stops", "eBdZwAaYe90-00186-00048820-00049027": "and your questions begin.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00187-00049027-00049088": "So this way.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00188-00049088-00049298": "I'm asking you to make sure you do that.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00189-00049298-00049444": "So make sure you give me those that", "eBdZwAaYe90-00190-00049444-00049723": "is a 10% reduction in credit.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00191-00049723-00049831": "If that does not.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00192-00049831-00050040": "If that is not part of the review.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00193-00050040-00050191": "So that would be five points off.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00194-00050191-00050327": "Off the top.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00195-00050327-00050494": "In addition to any other points that you", "eBdZwAaYe90-00196-00050494-00050987": "would lose if they are not headers for each section.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00197-00050987-00051194": "Then in terms of grading.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00198-00051194-00051377": "I do use a rubric for grading this.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00199-00051377-00051528": "So I will show you that here.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00200-00051528-00052027": "It's actually will be provided on the website as well.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00201-00052027-00052372": "So what we look at is.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00202-00052372-00052584": "So I give several different sections here", "eBdZwAaYe90-00203-00052584-00052817": "and I look at your choice of the article", "eBdZwAaYe90-00204-00052817-00053173": "was it fully acceptable was it partially acceptable.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00205-00053173-00053308": "I didn't get references.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00206-00053308-00053428": "It's an observing article.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00207-00053428-00053604": "It's a news article you will lose", "eBdZwAaYe90-00208-00053604-00053988": "points based on that, how well did you discuss the reason.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00209-00053988-00054080": "Did really well.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00210-00054080-00054605": "Eight points may maybe some discussion six points not much.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00211-00054605-00054840": "You're only going to get three points for that.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00212-00054840-00055067": "How well did you summarize the article.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00213-00055067-00055416": "So can I understand what the article was about.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00214-00055416-00055690": "Even if I haven't read the article itself,", "eBdZwAaYe90-00215-00055690-00055908": "that would be 10 points, then 7 and 4", "eBdZwAaYe90-00216-00055908-00056283": "depending on how much summary you give analysis fair", "eBdZwAaYe90-00217-00056283-00056529": "and questions are very similar.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00218-00056529-00056891": "So analysis and summary are graded pretty much the same.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00219-00056891-00057352": "How much did you give me and how much detail did you go into.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00220-00057352-00057674": "Did you give supporting details and examples", "eBdZwAaYe90-00221-00057674-00057866": "after the questions again.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00222-00057866-00058104": "Did you give 3 three questions and discuss them.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00223-00058104-00058213": "That's great.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00224-00058213-00058461": "If you didn't give less than three discussion.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00225-00058461-00058642": "If the three questions.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00226-00058642-00058852": "How well did you give me some examples.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00227-00058852-00059119": "Or did you give me less than three questions", "eBdZwAaYe90-00228-00059119-00059421": "or did you not give me any discussion of them", "eBdZwAaYe90-00229-00059421-00059596": "you just listed three questions and didn't", "eBdZwAaYe90-00230-00059596-00059863": "talk about them at all.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00231-00059863-00060037": "And then finally, I look at the writing", "eBdZwAaYe90-00232-00060037-00060355": "format that's worth a couple of points did you bullet anything.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00233-00060355-00060463": "Did you number anything.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00234-00060463-00060619": "I don't want to see that.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00235-00060619-00060829": "If it was not in paragraph form at all", "eBdZwAaYe90-00236-00060829-00061090": "if you just have one big paragraph that", "eBdZwAaYe90-00237-00061090-00061255": "would not be acceptable.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00238-00061255-00061654": "I'm looking for multiple sections for each of these.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00239-00061654-00062065": "So that concludes this video explaining the article review", "eBdZwAaYe90-00240-00062065-00062221": "assignment for the article reviews", "eBdZwAaYe90-00241-00062221-00062455": "that you'll be doing in this class.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00242-00062455-00062758": "And there will be other videos explaining other projects", "eBdZwAaYe90-00243-00062758-00062962": "and assignments for this class.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00244-00062962-00063296": "So until next time, have a great day, everyone.", "eBdZwAaYe90-00245-00063296-00063582": "And I will see you in class."}}]