diff --git "a/data/en005/text/00000025.json" "b/data/en005/text/00000025.json" new file mode 100644--- /dev/null +++ "b/data/en005/text/00000025.json" @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +[{"audio_id": "hkFCc-Bzid0", "text": {"hkFCc-Bzid0-00000-00001294-00002272": "In order to use AMS service, please log in to the IAM first. Enter account & password and then select [Log in].", "hkFCc-Bzid0-00001-00002515-00004070": "Select AMS icon from the menu to enter AMS account.", "hkFCc-Bzid0-00002-00004500-00005150": "Go to [Personal Settings].", "hkFCc-Bzid0-00003-00005205-00005525": "Scroll down to the [Cloud Storage].", "hkFCc-Bzid0-00004-00005580-00005956": "Select [Link] to continue.", "hkFCc-Bzid0-00005-00006250-00007017": "Select the account that you would like to link with AMS and [Accept] the terms and conditions.", "hkFCc-Bzid0-00006-00007720-00008271": "Now the AMS account is linked with the Google Drive account.", "hkFCc-Bzid0-00007-00008965-00009350": "Select [Link] to continue.", "hkFCc-Bzid0-00008-00009586-00010066": "Select the account that you would like to link with AMS.", "hkFCc-Bzid0-00009-00010550-00011214": "Now the AMS account is linked with the Dropbox account.", "hkFCc-Bzid0-00010-00011700-00012072": "Select [Link] to continue.", "hkFCc-Bzid0-00011-00013200-00013546": "Now the AMS account is linked with the OneDrive account.", "hkFCc-Bzid0-00012-00013954-00014400": "To unlink from the cloud storage, select [Unlink] to continue.", "hkFCc-Bzid0-00013-00014544-00015150": "Select [OK] to confirm.", "hkFCc-Bzid0-00014-00015211-00015800": "The cloud storage that you selected is now unlinked from your AMS account."}}, {"audio_id": "hkPKncyMDTU", "text": {"hkPKncyMDTU-00000-00000000-00000708": "This video will show you how to find health-related articles using the library databases listed", "hkPKncyMDTU-00001-00000810-00001702": "on the library resource guide for HSC 110. Searching for articles really starts", "hkPKncyMDTU-00002-00001702-00002218": "with analyzing your assignment. Here is an example. Suppose that you have to find a", "hkPKncyMDTU-00003-00002218-00002627": "recent article about treatment options for someone with multiple sclerosis.", "hkPKncyMDTU-00004-00002627-00003221": "Depending on the topic you choose you'll be able to find a very recent article", "hkPKncyMDTU-00005-00003221-00003897": "using a library database. Now you need to decide what search words to type into the", "hkPKncyMDTU-00006-00003897-00004427": "database. In this example, the most important words are treatment and", "hkPKncyMDTU-00007-00004427-00005001": "multiple sclerosis. It is also important to think about other words or phrases", "hkPKncyMDTU-00008-00005001-00005350": "that you can use to find information on your topic.", "hkPKncyMDTU-00009-00005350-00006005": "Look at the word treatment. You may also want to try searching with drugs, drug therapy,", "hkPKncyMDTU-00010-00006005-00006678": "or clinical trials. Multiple sclerosis is also referred to as MS.", "hkPKncyMDTU-00011-00006678-00007206": "The terms you have identified will become a word bank that you can use to", "hkPKncyMDTU-00012-00007206-00007927": "create search phrases. Use the word \"AND\" to connect your terms and place", "hkPKncyMDTU-00013-00007927-00008336": "quotation marks around phrases to ensure that the database will only find", "hkPKncyMDTU-00014-00008336-00008958": "instances where those two words are side-by-side. The topic presented in this", "hkPKncyMDTU-00015-00008958-00009454": "video is only one example. The topic you choose may be completely different but", "hkPKncyMDTU-00016-00009454-00010020": "you will use the same steps outlined in this video to find an article on your topic.", "hkPKncyMDTU-00017-00010020-00010503": "Keep in mind that you can always contact PCC library if you need help locating an", "hkPKncyMDTU-00018-00010503-00011086": "appropriate article. Now we're ready to use a library database to search for", "hkPKncyMDTU-00019-00011086-00011664": "articles. Your instructor should have a link to the library resource page in", "hkPKncyMDTU-00020-00011664-00012336": "your HSC Moodle course. If not, you can go directly to the library resource page", "hkPKncyMDTU-00021-00012336-00012881": "for this class by typing this URL into your browser's address bar:", "hkPKncyMDTU-00022-00012881-00013310": "libguides.pittcc.edu/hsc", "hkPKncyMDTU-00023-00013924-00014527": "The guide is titled Health Sciences Careers at PCC. Once there, click on the", "hkPKncyMDTU-00024-00014527-00015241": "\"Articles\" tab. The \"Articles\" page lists library databases that include health", "hkPKncyMDTU-00025-00015241-00015907": "articles. Notice the pictures or icons beside each database. The icons are used", "hkPKncyMDTU-00026-00015907-00016547": "to indicate which resources will require a myPittCC login for off-campus access.", "hkPKncyMDTU-00027-00016547-00017529": "For this example, let's use ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health Source.", "hkPKncyMDTU-00028-00017529-00018040": "When you first open this database you will see the basic search screen. Just", "hkPKncyMDTU-00029-00018040-00018532": "type your search phrase in the box provided. I'm going to use terms from my", "hkPKncyMDTU-00030-00018532-00018985": "word bank, and join the terms with the word AND. I'm also going to put", "hkPKncyMDTU-00031-00018985-00019420": "quotation marks around the terms that I want searched as a complete phrase.", "hkPKncyMDTU-00032-00019420-00020040": "Notice that the box beside full text is already checked. Checking full text will", "hkPKncyMDTU-00033-00020040-00020509": "insure that all of the results listed will include the entire article. Click", "hkPKncyMDTU-00034-00020509-00020823": "the search button.", "hkPKncyMDTU-00035-00020823-00021359": "This search found over 24,000 results. Let's use the features on the right side", "hkPKncyMDTU-00036-00021359-00021884": "of the screen to make this list a little more manageable. Since we know we have to", "hkPKncyMDTU-00037-00021884-00022304": "find a recent article, let's use the publication date feature to find", "hkPKncyMDTU-00038-00022304-00022995": "articles that were published between 2013 and 2016. To do that, click the link", "hkPKncyMDTU-00039-00022995-00023259": "that says, \"Enter a date range,\"", "hkPKncyMDTU-00040-00023259-00024212": "type the years in the boxes provided, and click the Update button.", "hkPKncyMDTU-00041-00024212-00024642": "For this assignment you will need to find an article from a trade journal or", "hkPKncyMDTU-00042-00024642-00025023": "magazine. Once again we can go to the right side of the screen for more", "hkPKncyMDTU-00043-00025023-00025473": "choices. I'm going to click the link that says trade journals so that all of the", "hkPKncyMDTU-00044-00025473-00026079": "results listed are articles from that type of publication. We now have a list", "hkPKncyMDTU-00045-00026079-00026532": "of very recent articles from health-related trade journals located in", "hkPKncyMDTU-00046-00026532-00026997": "the center of the screen. You can hover over the preview link beside each", "hkPKncyMDTU-00047-00026997-00027524": "article to view the abstract, which is a brief summary of the article. Viewing the", "hkPKncyMDTU-00048-00027524-00027875": "abstract lets you quickly determine whether or not you might want to read", "hkPKncyMDTU-00049-00027875-00028366": "the entire article. It is not appropriate for you to copy or plagiarize the", "hkPKncyMDTU-00050-00028366-00028822": "abstract. The summary paragraph you write for this assignment should be based on", "hkPKncyMDTU-00051-00028822-00029544": "your examination of the entire article, not just the abstract. To read or print", "hkPKncyMDTU-00052-00029544-00030116": "the article click on the full text link.", "hkPKncyMDTU-00053-00030116-00030658": "The database provides tools that will allow you to cite, print, or email the", "hkPKncyMDTU-00054-00030658-00030867": "article.", "hkPKncyMDTU-00055-00030867-00031245": "Let's take a look at the cite tool since you will need to include information", "hkPKncyMDTU-00056-00031245-00031756": "about the article when you complete your assignment. I'm going to use the MLA", "hkPKncyMDTU-00057-00031756-00032162": "seventh edition. However, you will need to confirm which format your teacher", "hkPKncyMDTU-00058-00032162-00032742": "prefers for this assignment. The cite tool will give you the formatted citation", "hkPKncyMDTU-00059-00032742-00033256": "that you can then copy and paste into your document. It is important to", "hkPKncyMDTU-00060-00033256-00033715": "remember that computer-generated citations can have errors, so make sure", "hkPKncyMDTU-00061-00033715-00034161": "you read over your citation carefully taking into account any specific", "hkPKncyMDTU-00062-00034161-00034699": "instructions from your teacher. If you have any questions or need assistance", "hkPKncyMDTU-00063-00034699-00035031": "searching the databases, a librarian will be happy to help you."}}, {"audio_id": "hlnV7pabT4U", "text": {"hlnV7pabT4U-00000-00000000-00001090": "Introduction by Mark Vessey, Principal of Green College", "hlnV7pabT4U-00001-00039040-00040640": "Introduction by Elizabeth Straus, PhD student in Nursing", "hlnV7pabT4U-00002-00047060-00049010": "Judith Hall, UBC Emerita Medical Genetics and Pediatrics", "hlnV7pabT4U-00003-00049010-00052090": "Driven by Curiosity: A Life of Discovery in Clinical Genetics", "hlnV7pabT4U-01144-00439341-00441370": "Last question:", "hlnV7pabT4U-01145-00441520-00445080": "Can you comment on the interplay between academic research and pharmaceutical research?", "hlnV7pabT4U-01216-00465018-00466500": "We'd like to thank Judy Hall for her fascinating talk.", "hlnV7pabT4U-01217-00466560-00468500": "And Green College and John Gilbert for organizing the Senior Scholars' Series."}}, {"audio_id": "hlzEfg8iXMU", "text": {"hlzEfg8iXMU-00000-00000817-00001218": "The folding eyelash curler is an original Seki Edge innovation.", "hlzEfg8iXMU-00001-00001218-00001584": "This is the first folding push-up lash curler for girls on the go!", "hlzEfg8iXMU-00002-00001584-00002120": "It snaps to fold, protecting the curler and expands to a full size curler when in use", "hlzEfg8iXMU-00003-00002120-00002639": "with simple squeeze action . The beauty of this curler is that it leaves lush looking", "hlzEfg8iXMU-00004-00002639-00002927": "curled eyelashes to make your eyes look larger.", "hlzEfg8iXMU-00005-00002927-00003419": "Easily replaceable, an extra silicone pad is included as it is recommended to replace", "hlzEfg8iXMU-00006-00003419-00003674": "every 2 months or as necessary.", "hlzEfg8iXMU-00007-00003674-00004123": "You can find our replacement pads in our store, the SS-600R.", "hlzEfg8iXMU-00008-00004123-00004526": "Ergonomically designed and lightweight, as it's unique folding action allows the curler", "hlzEfg8iXMU-00009-00004526-00005432": "to occupy less space in your purse, glove compartment, or cosmetic bag."}}, {"audio_id": "hlFD6h8oYa0", "text": {"hlFD6h8oYa0-00000-00000000-00000501": "Welcome to my video", "hlFD6h8oYa0-00001-00000505-00001000": "Thank you for this video view", "hlFD6h8oYa0-00002-00001000-00001508": "Like, sub, share, support my channel.", "hlFD6h8oYa0-00003-00001516-00002000": "Thank you very much"}}, {"audio_id": "hlQBmTBUDru", "text": {"hlQBmTBUDru-00000-00000463-00001152": "Hi guys we are going to continue to work out for the abs and legs and buttocks", "hlQBmTBUDru-00001-00001272-00001592": "don't forget to put your one kilo", "hlQBmTBUDru-00002-00001864-00002248": "Ankle weights in your ankles", "hlQBmTBUDru-00003-00002704-00003328": "one kilo each so we start like this up", "hlQBmTBUDru-00004-00003408-00004264": "up let me go a bit further so the camera doesn't cut my leg yes so two three", "hlQBmTBUDru-00005-00005264-00006888": "other side now in english one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve so now", "hlQBmTBUDru-00006-00006976-00007968": "knee up to the chest in into the chest straighten the leg and up so in and up and backwards okay", "hlQBmTBUDru-00007-00007968-00009144": "slowly don't want to hurt yourself and one two three make sure you're reading five six", "hlQBmTBUDru-00008-00009288-00010200": "seven oh i can feel it eight it is okay other leg one two now in German dry", "hlQBmTBUDru-00009-00010656-00011784": "1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.", "hlQBmTBUDru-00010-00011784-00013119": "so now because I can feel it I go to the abs and elbow up a knee one two three four I only count", "hlQBmTBUDru-00011-00013119-00014568": "here on one side five six seven and eight and nine ten and twelve straighten leg attach one", "hlQBmTBUDru-00012-00014704-00015663": "two make sure the elbow sorry the shoulder goes up the hand goes up like if I'm trying to touch", "hlQBmTBUDru-00013-00015663-00016448": "the ceiling okay I keep my neck nice and straight I don't want to strengthen and make pain here", "hlQBmTBUDru-00014-00016512-00018512": "so basically looking with the face looking up so one two three four five six seven eight yeah", "hlQBmTBUDru-00015-00018904-00019360": "so we did that one we did that one and now I'm going to go", "hlQBmTBUDru-00016-00019568-00019784": "here with both legs up one", "hlQBmTBUDru-00017-00020056-00020456": "two so i'm going to do two sets today", "hlQBmTBUDru-00018-00020520-00021312": "because i'm a bit tired yes you can do normally three sets but now today i'm tired and i have to", "hlQBmTBUDru-00019-00021312-00021984": "go to work so three four five six seven eight how many do i have i forgot", "hlQBmTBUDru-00020-00022160-00023200": "anyway now we go backwards one okay here normally you have the back part if you don't wear anything", "hlQBmTBUDru-00021-00023376-00024160": "on your back like clothing sounds like you know what two let's go down the leg", "hlQBmTBUDru-00022-00024320-00025384": "three, so straight bend go backwards straight and go backwards", "hlQBmTBUDru-00023-00025936-00026783": "the slower you come down the better", "hlQBmTBUDru-00024-00027376-00029192": "good oh my god so we go again up three four five six seven and eight we do eight one two three four", "hlQBmTBUDru-00025-00029192-00030568": "you're gonna go against six seven and eight knee to the chest and up one two three four good five", "hlQBmTBUDru-00026-00030776-00032560": "six seven and eight good one two three four five six seven and eight", "hlQBmTBUDru-00027-00032776-00033440": "okay we're going to do one set off the dog pin basically this is here out", "hlQBmTBUDru-00028-00033440-00034112": "i try to not push so much this hip to the other side so one two correct", "hlQBmTBUDru-00029-00034288-00036312": "three four five six seven and eight other side one three two three four five six seven and eight whoa", "hlQBmTBUDru-00030-00036528-00036864": "that one we didn't do before so we'll do one more after the abs", "hlQBmTBUDru-00031-00037096-00037208": "take a breath relax", "hlQBmTBUDru-00032-00037832-00039040": "and we continue are you ready go knees and elbow to the city one two three four five", "hlQBmTBUDru-00033-00039168-00040816": "six seven and eight and one two three four five six seven and eight", "hlQBmTBUDru-00034-00041024-00041520": "okay so right here one oh i brought the four two", "hlQBmTBUDru-00035-00041752-00041776": "three", "hlQBmTBUDru-00036-00042160-00042184": "four", "hlQBmTBUDru-00037-00042416-00042456": "five", "hlQBmTBUDru-00038-00042688-00042872": "six seven eight", "hlQBmTBUDru-00039-00043440-00043928": "take a breath and we go backwards one", "hlQBmTBUDru-00040-00044192-00044216": "two", "hlQBmTBUDru-00041-00044560-00044984": "three you can also go straight four", "hlQBmTBUDru-00042-00045272-00045304": "five", "hlQBmTBUDru-00043-00045584-00045608": "six", "hlQBmTBUDru-00044-00045928-00045976": "seven", "hlQBmTBUDru-00045-00046288-00046384": "eight", "hlQBmTBUDru-00046-00046704-00048320": "one two three four five six seven and eight other side and one two three four", "hlQBmTBUDru-00047-00048480-00049432": "five six seven and eight stretch", "hlQBmTBUDru-00048-00049832-00050584": "relaxing all your back to the floor", "hlQBmTBUDru-00049-00050832-00051984": "we made it see you next training"}}, {"audio_id": "hmv6xZSOke4", "text": {"hmv6xZSOke4-00000-00000007-00001592": "foreign [Music]", "hmv6xZSOke4-00001-00001592-00002957": "[Music] this is a great picture it's when Woody told Sarge and the army men to find", "hmv6xZSOke4-00002-00002957-00003730": "Andy's cell phone foreign", "hmv6xZSOke4-00003-00003730-00004393": "was about to leave for college and he hadn't played with us for years if the army men got", "hmv6xZSOke4-00004-00004393-00006693": "his cell phone we could call it and get his attention let's get to the air bit man [Music]", "hmv6xZSOke4-00005-00006693-00006793": "foreign", "hmv6xZSOke4-00006-00006793-00007000": "[Music]", "hmv6xZSOke4-00007-00007000-00007477": "thank you", "hmv6xZSOke4-00008-00007477-00008672": "[Music] [Applause] [Music] thank you", "hmv6xZSOke4-00009-00008672-00008911": "foreign", "hmv6xZSOke4-00010-00008911-00010082": "[Music] no no no no no", "hmv6xZSOke4-00011-00010082-00010526": "[Music]", "hmv6xZSOke4-00012-00010526-00020726": "no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no [Music] thank you", "hmv6xZSOke4-00013-00020726-00022944": "[Music] [Applause] [Music] thank you", "hmv6xZSOke4-00014-00022944-00023387": "[Music]", "hmv6xZSOke4-00015-00023387-00023831": "[Music]", "hmv6xZSOke4-00016-00023831-00024718": "foreign [Music]", "hmv6xZSOke4-00017-00024718-00025161": "[Music]", "hmv6xZSOke4-00018-00025161-00025604": "[Music]", "hmv6xZSOke4-00019-00025604-00026491": "thank you", "hmv6xZSOke4-00020-00026491-00026935": "[Music]", "hmv6xZSOke4-00021-00026935-00027822": "thank you", "hmv6xZSOke4-00022-00027822-00028266": "[Music]", "hmv6xZSOke4-00023-00028266-00035529": "thank you [Music] our objective is to aim for the door man [Music]", "hmv6xZSOke4-00024-00035529-00037575": "[Music] thank you", "hmv6xZSOke4-00025-00037575-00041091": "[Music] [Applause] [Music]", "hmv6xZSOke4-00026-00041091-00045622": "[Music] telephone located prepare for jump get the parachute ready man [Music]", "hmv6xZSOke4-00027-00045622-00046338": "[Music]", "hmv6xZSOke4-00028-00046338-00048487": "[Music] thank you", "hmv6xZSOke4-00029-00048487-00049202": "[Music]", "hmv6xZSOke4-00030-00049202-00053745": "the Army men's part of the mission was a complete success [Music]", "hmv6xZSOke4-00031-00053745-00054054": "foreign [Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "hmxqGlPjuWM", "text": {"hmxqGlPjuWM-00000-00000000-00004090": "🌟 🇺🇸 Costume Snow Maiden Batik 197 — Shop GrandStart.ru 🌟"}}, {"audio_id": "hnhju0DWGbk", "text": {"hnhju0DWGbk-00000-00000032-00000431": "all right so let's talk about interrupt", "hnhju0DWGbk-00001-00000176-00000720": "masking it's sometimes useful", "hnhju0DWGbk-00002-00000431-00000896": "to basically disable the interrupts most", "hnhju0DWGbk-00003-00000720-00001040": "often you want to do this when you're", "hnhju0DWGbk-00004-00000896-00001175": "already in the middle of an interrupt", "hnhju0DWGbk-00005-00001040-00001367": "there's this notion of", "hnhju0DWGbk-00006-00001175-00001520": "you know reentrancy and whether or not", "hnhju0DWGbk-00007-00001367-00001575": "you can interrupt while inside of an", "hnhju0DWGbk-00008-00001520-00001703": "interrupt while", "hnhju0DWGbk-00009-00001575-00001903": "inside of an interrupt and", "hnhju0DWGbk-00010-00001703-00002007": "generally speaking most systems are not", "hnhju0DWGbk-00011-00001903-00002264": "designed to", "hnhju0DWGbk-00012-00002007-00002351": "support this unlimited nesting of", "hnhju0DWGbk-00013-00002264-00002592": "interrupts", "hnhju0DWGbk-00014-00002351-00002727": "so if you go into an interrupt and you", "hnhju0DWGbk-00015-00002592-00002903": "want to block subsequent interrupts", "hnhju0DWGbk-00016-00002727-00002951": "until you're done with the most critical", "hnhju0DWGbk-00017-00002903-00003176": "section", "hnhju0DWGbk-00018-00002951-00003264": "of that interrupt handling that can be", "hnhju0DWGbk-00019-00003176-00003496": "done by", "hnhju0DWGbk-00020-00003264-00003671": "clearing the interrupt flag now it turns", "hnhju0DWGbk-00021-00003496-00003887": "out that the interrupt flag is", "hnhju0DWGbk-00022-00003671-00004007": "actually so first of all it's a flag in", "hnhju0DWGbk-00023-00003887-00004207": "the RFLAGS register", "hnhju0DWGbk-00024-00004007-00004384": "and it's automatically cleared whenever", "hnhju0DWGbk-00025-00004207-00004464": "an interrupt occurs through an interrupt", "hnhju0DWGbk-00026-00004384-00004687": "gate", "hnhju0DWGbk-00027-00004464-00004864": "but it is not cleared if you go through a", "hnhju0DWGbk-00028-00004687-00005039": "trap gate and as we said in the previous", "hnhju0DWGbk-00029-00004864-00005112": "section this is literally the only", "hnhju0DWGbk-00030-00005039-00005319": "difference", "hnhju0DWGbk-00031-00005112-00005423": "descriptor style like they're all the", "hnhju0DWGbk-00032-00005319-00005655": "exact same", "hnhju0DWGbk-00033-00005423-00005744": "fields and stuff like that it basically", "hnhju0DWGbk-00034-00005655-00005919": "comes down to", "hnhju0DWGbk-00035-00005744-00006103": "if you set something up to vector", "hnhju0DWGbk-00036-00005919-00006271": "through an interrupt gate that means you", "hnhju0DWGbk-00037-00006103-00006487": "want the interrupt flag cleared and if", "hnhju0DWGbk-00038-00006271-00006600": "you set it up to go through a trap gate", "hnhju0DWGbk-00039-00006487-00006856": "that means you don't want it", "hnhju0DWGbk-00040-00006600-00007023": "automatically cleared now even if it", "hnhju0DWGbk-00041-00006856-00007176": "wasn't automatically cleared", "hnhju0DWGbk-00042-00007023-00007472": "you could still in your interrupt", "hnhju0DWGbk-00043-00007176-00007704": "handler manually clear it by using the", "hnhju0DWGbk-00044-00007472-00007775": "clear interrupt flag instruction but", "hnhju0DWGbk-00045-00007704-00007959": "that would be", "hnhju0DWGbk-00046-00007775-00008168": "somewhat pointless right why use a trap", "hnhju0DWGbk-00047-00007959-00008288": "gate just to go on to manually clear it", "hnhju0DWGbk-00048-00008168-00008368": "when you could just use an interrupt", "hnhju0DWGbk-00049-00008288-00008647": "gate", "hnhju0DWGbk-00050-00008368-00008847": "but the options do exist particularly", "hnhju0DWGbk-00051-00008647-00009024": "for you know situations in which", "hnhju0DWGbk-00052-00008847-00009175": "you know perhaps some kernel code wants", "hnhju0DWGbk-00053-00009024-00009232": "to make really really sure that it", "hnhju0DWGbk-00054-00009175-00009464": "doesn't get", "hnhju0DWGbk-00055-00009232-00009607": "interrupted by some hardware interrupts", "hnhju0DWGbk-00056-00009464-00009688": "uh they can go ahead and clear the", "hnhju0DWGbk-00057-00009607-00009975": "interrupt flag", "hnhju0DWGbk-00058-00009688-00010200": "and unclear it once they're ready to", "hnhju0DWGbk-00059-00009975-00010479": "accept interrupts again", "hnhju0DWGbk-00060-00010200-00010656": "so there's the interrupt flag bit 9", "hnhju0DWGbk-00061-00010479-00010984": "in the RFLAGS register", "hnhju0DWGbk-00062-00010656-00011168": "and it's the interrupt enable flag", "hnhju0DWGbk-00063-00010984-00011296": "so there's a couple exceptions to the", "hnhju0DWGbk-00064-00011168-00011584": "interrupt masking", "hnhju0DWGbk-00065-00011296-00011775": "and that is that the interrupt flag does not", "hnhju0DWGbk-00066-00011584-00011968": "mask so if this is clear it does not", "hnhju0DWGbk-00067-00011775-00012064": "mask the explicit invocation of an", "hnhju0DWGbk-00068-00011968-00012239": "interrupt with", "hnhju0DWGbk-00069-00012064-00012452": "those software instructions we saw", "hnhju0DWGbk-00070-00012239-00012711": "previously the INT n", "hnhju0DWGbk-00071-00012452-00012959": "INT1, 3, O, UD2", "hnhju0DWGbk-00072-00012711-00013119": "also the interrupt flag does not mask a", "hnhju0DWGbk-00073-00012959-00013152": "non-maskable interrupt that's the whole", "hnhju0DWGbk-00074-00013119-00013319": "point", "hnhju0DWGbk-00075-00013152-00013512": "the non-maskable interrupt is a high", "hnhju0DWGbk-00076-00013319-00013840": "priority thing that no one can stop and", "hnhju0DWGbk-00077-00013512-00013840": "it's just coming through"}}, {"audio_id": "hnkvWLvaC6g", "text": {"hnkvWLvaC6g-00000-00000052-00000237": "Chapter 11 of", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00001-00000237-00000902": "dinosaurs with special reference to the American Museum collections by William Diller, Matthew", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00002-00001015-00001325": "This LibriVox recording is in the public domain", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00003-00001540-00001884": "Recording by Jeffrey, Smith, New Orleans, Louisiana", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00004-00002107-00002321": "Chapter 11 part 3", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00005-00002478-00002783": "Feeding habits of the giant dinosaurs", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00006-00002917-00003554": "We still have to solve one of the most perplexing problems of fossil physiology", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00007-00003664-00003879": "How did the very small head?", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00008-00003952-00004152": "provided with light jaws", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00009-00004212-00004628": "slender and spoon shaped teeth confined to the anterior region", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00010-00004764-00005168": "suffice to provide food for these monsters I", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00011-00005278-00005666": "Have advanced the idea that the food of Diplodocus", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00012-00005734-00005984": "consisted of some very abundant and", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00013-00006048-00006284": "nutritious species of water plant", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00014-00006400-00006677": "That the clawed feet were used in", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00015-00006706-00007022": "Uprooting such plants while the delicate", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00016-00007042-00007608": "anterior teeth were employed only for drawing them out of the water that the", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00017-00007629-00008012": "Plants were drawn down the throat in large quantities without", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00018-00008079-00008218": "mastication", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00019-00008218-00008747": "Since there were no grinding or back teeth whatever in this animal", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00020-00008940-00009605": "Unfortunately for this theory it is now found that the front feet were not provided with many claws", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00021-00009643-00010037": "There being only a single claw on the inner side", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00022-00010189-00010919": "Nevertheless by some such means as this these enormous animals could have obtained sufficient food in the water", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00023-00010957-00011162": "to support their great bulk", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00024-00011320-00011532": "The carnivorous dinosaurs", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00025-00011700-00012488": "Mingling with the larger bones in the quarry are the more or less perfect remains of swamp Turtles of dwarf", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00026-00012553-00013094": "crocodiles of the entirely different group of plated dinosaurs or", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00027-00013183-00013383": "Stegosaurus, but especially", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00028-00013422-00013847": "two entirely distinct kinds of large and small", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00029-00013947-00014147": "flesh-eating dinosaurs", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00030-00014197-00014697": "The latter rounded out and gave variety to the dinosaur society", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00031-00014697-00015057": "And there is no doubt that they served the savage", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00032-00015057-00015587": "but useful purpose rendered familiar by the doctrine of Malthus of", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00033-00015655-00015790": "checking", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00034-00015790-00015931": "overpopulation", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00035-00015931-00016238": "These fierce animals had the same remote", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00036-00016294-00017079": "Ancestry as the giant dinosaurs, but had gradually acquired entirely different habits and appearance", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00037-00017251-00017741": "Far inferior in size they were superior in agility", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00038-00017860-00018395": "exclusively bipedal with very long powerful hind limbs upon", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00039-00018395-00018710": "Which they advanced by running or springing and?", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00040-00018736-00019358": "With short four limbs the exact uses of which are difficult to ascertain", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00041-00019510-00020018": "Both hands and feet were provided with powerful tearing claws on", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00042-00020104-00020669": "The hind foot is the back claw so characteristic of the birds which?", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00043-00020725-00020925": "during the Triassic period", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00044-00020932-00021464": "Left its faint impression almost everywhere in the famous, Connecticut Valley", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00045-00021517-00021717": "imprints of these animals", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00046-00021823-00022614": "That the four limb and hand were of some distinct use is proved by the enormous size of the thumb claw", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00047-00022717-00023463": "While the hand may not have conveyed food to the mouth it may have served to seize and tear the prey", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00048-00023529-00024152": "As to the actual pose in feeding there can be little doubt as to its general", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00049-00024214-00024455": "similarity to that of the wrapped or ease", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00050-00024511-00024822": "Among the birds as suggested to me by dr.", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00051-00024883-00025054": "Wortman", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00052-00025054-00025727": "One of the hind feet rested on the prey the other upon the ground the body being further", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00053-00025773-00026159": "balanced or supported by the vertebrae of the tail", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00054-00026283-00026985": "The animal was thus in a position to apply its teeth and exert all the power of it's very powerful", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00055-00027019-00027347": "Arched back in tearing off its food", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00056-00027475-00027926": "That the gristle of the bone or cartilage was very palatable is", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00057-00027997-00028316": "Attested not only by the tooth marks upon these bones", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00058-00028353-00028841": "But by many similar markings found in the bone cabin quarry", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00059-00028989-00029219": "the bird catching dinosaur", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00060-00029325-00029927": "Of all the bird-like dinosaurs, which have been discovered none possesses greater", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00061-00029986-00030381": "Similitude to the birds than the gem of the quarry", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00062-00030414-00030719": "The little animal about seven feet in length", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00063-00030741-00031292": "Which we have named ornithol estie's or the bird catching dinosaur?", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00064-00031293-00031772": "it was a marvel of speed agility and delicacy of", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00065-00031849-00032049": "construction", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00066-00032077-00032654": "Externally its bones are simple and solid looking but as a matter of fact", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00067-00032655-00033278": "They are mere shells the walls being hardly thicker than paper the entire", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00068-00033358-00033947": "interior of the bone having been removed by the action of the same marvelous law of", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00069-00034012-00034385": "adaptation which sculptured the vertebrae of its huge", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00070-00034459-00034636": "contemporaries", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00071-00034636-00034769": "There is no evidence", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00072-00034769-00035510": "However that these hollow bones were filled with air from the lungs as in the case of the bones of birds", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00073-00035616-00035864": "the foot is bird-like the", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00074-00035934-00036182": "Hand is still more so in", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00075-00036265-00037016": "Fact no dinosaur hand has ever before been found which so closely mimics that of a bird", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00076-00037050-00037174": "in the", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00077-00037174-00037294": "great", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00078-00037294-00037622": "elongation of the 1st or index finger in the", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00079-00037738-00038315": "abbreviation of the thumb and middle finger and in the reduction of the ring finger", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00080-00038449-00038844": "these fingers with sharp claws were not strong enough for", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00081-00038878-00039539": "climbing and the only special fitness we have been able to imagine is that they were used for the", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00082-00039559-00039845": "grasping of a light and the agile prey", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00083-00039982-00040665": "another reason for the venture of designating this animal as the bird-catcher is that the", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00084-00040705-00041238": "jurassic birds not thus far discovered in america but known from the", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00085-00041299-00041876": "Archaeopteryx of Germany were not so active or such strong fliers as", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00086-00041932-00042132": "existing birds in", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00087-00042157-00042570": "Fact they were not unlike the little dinosaur itself", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00088-00042694-00042883": "They were toothed", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00089-00042883-00043410": "Long-tailed short armed the body was feathered instead of scaled", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00090-00043465-00043751": "They rose slowly from the ground", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00091-00043873-00044525": "This renders it probable that they were the prey of the smaller pneumatic built dinosaurs", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00092-00044572-00044789": "Such as the present animal", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00093-00044890-00045600": "This hypothetical bird catcher seems to have been designed to spring upon a delicately built prey", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00094-00045637-00046187": "the structure being the very antipode of that of the large carnivorous", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00095-00046252-00046452": "dinosaurs a", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00096-00046495-00046716": "difficulty in the bird catching theory", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00097-00046759-00047342": "Namely that the teeth are not as sharp as one would expect to find them in a flesh eater is", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00098-00047410-00048071": "Somewhat offset by the similarity of the teeth to those of the bird eating monitor lizards", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00099-00048160-00048446": "Moranis which are not especially sharp", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00100-00048613-00048885": "The great yield of the quarry", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00101-00048991-00049120": "our", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00102-00049120-00049422": "explorations in the quarry began in the spring of", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00103-00049486-00049953": "1898 and have continued ever since during favorable weather", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00104-00050077-00050468": "The total area explored at the close of the 6th year", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00105-00050524-00050925": "Was seven thousand two hundred and fifty square feet", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00106-00051082-00051591": "Not one of the twelve foot squares into which the quarry was plotted", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00107-00051613-00052251": "Lacked its covering of bones and in some cases the bones were two or three deep", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00108-00052366-00052850": "Each year, we have expected to come to the end of this great deposit", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00109-00052851-00053427": "But it still yields a large return although we have reason to believe that we have", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00110-00053479-00053679": "exhausted the richest portions", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00111-00053776-00053976": "We have taken up", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00112-00054073-00054623": "483 parts of animals some of which may belong to the same individuals", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00113-00054739-00054939": "These were packed in", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00114-00055027-00055440": "275 boxes representing a gross weight of nearly", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00115-00055576-00055776": "100,000 pounds", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00116-00055842-00056358": "Reckoning from the number of five bones. We reach as a rough estimate of the total", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00117-00056440-00056748": "73 animals of the following kinds", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00118-00056887-00057098": "Jayant herbivorous dinosaurs", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00119-00057175-00057334": "44", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00120-00057334-00057767": "plated herbivorous dinosaurs or Stegosaurus 3", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00121-00057895-00058353": "iguana dance or smaller herbivorous dinosaurs 4", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00122-00058477-00058793": "large carnivorous dinosaurs 6", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00123-00058909-00059079": "small carnivorous", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00124-00059079-00059279": "dinosaurs 3", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00125-00059377-00059577": "Crocodiles 4", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00126-00059620-00059752": "Turtles", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00127-00059752-00059914": "5", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00128-00059914-00060635": "But this represents only a part of the whole deposit, which we know to be of twice the extent already", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00129-00060705-00061067": "Explored and these figures do not include the bones", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00130-00061067-00061662": "Which were partly washed out and used in the construction of the bone cabin", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00131-00061762-00062409": "The grand total would probably include parts of over 100 giant dinosaurs", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00132-00062554-00062921": "the struggle for existence among the dinosaurs", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00133-00063070-00063828": "never in the whole history of the world as we now know it have there been such remarkable land scenes as", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00134-00063859-00064430": "Were presented when the reign of these titanic reptiles was at its climax", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00135-00064576-00065318": "It was also the prevailing life picture of England, Germany, South America and India", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00136-00065425-00066173": "We can imagine herds of these creatures from 50 to 80 feet in length with limbs and gait", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00137-00066223-00066531": "analogous to those of gigantic elephants", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00138-00066550-00067064": "But with bodies extending through the long flexible and tapering necks", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00139-00067123-00067863": "Into the diminutive heads and reaching back into the equally long and still more tapering", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00140-00067897-00068071": "tails", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00141-00068071-00068789": "The four or five varieties which existed together were each fitted to some special mode of life", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00142-00068845-00069431": "Some living more exclusively on land others for longer periods in the water", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00143-00069552-00070019": "The competition for existence was not only with the great carnivorous", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00144-00070075-00070667": "dinosaurs, but with other kinds of herbivorous dinosaurs the iguanodons", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00145-00070708-00071285": "Which had much smaller bodies to sustain and a much superior tooth", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00146-00071368-00071568": "for the taking of food", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00147-00071656-00071907": "the cutting off of this giant dinosaur", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00148-00071998-00072261": "Dynasty was nearly if not quite", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00149-00072361-00072561": "simultaneous the world over", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00150-00072639-00073010": "The explanation which is deducible from similar?", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00151-00073060-00073713": "catastrophes to other large types of animals is that a very large frame with a limited and", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00152-00073738-00074516": "Specialized set of teeth fitted only to a certain special food is a dangerous combination of characters", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00153-00074611-00075114": "Such a monster organism is no longer a Dapp table any", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00154-00075195-00075387": "serious change of conditions", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00155-00075387-00076137": "Which would tend to eliminate the special food would also eliminate these great animals as a necessary?", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00156-00076186-00076386": "consequence", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00157-00076390-00076740": "There is an entirely different class of explanations", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00158-00076752-00077525": "However to be considered which are consistent both with the continued fitness of structure of the giant", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00159-00077548-00078032": "dinosaurs themselves and with the survival of their special food", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00160-00078132-00078332": "such for example as the", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00161-00078388-00078995": "introduction of a new enemy more deadly even than the great carnivorous dinosaurs", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00162-00079126-00079733": "Among such theories the most ingenious is that of the late Professor cope who?", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00163-00079765-00080045": "Suggested that some of the small inoffensive", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00164-00080102-00080169": "and", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00165-00080169-00080798": "inconspicuous forms of Jurassic mammals of the size of the shrew and the Hedgehog", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00166-00080892-00081688": "Contracted the habit of seeking out the nests of these dinosaurs knowing through the shells of their eggs and thus", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00167-00081717-00081917": "destroying the young", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00168-00081942-00082399": "the appearance our evolution of any egg destroying animals whether", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00169-00082437-00083192": "Reptiles or mammals which could attack this great race at such a defenseless point would be rapidly", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00170-00083220-00083420": "followed by its extinction", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00171-00083541-00084167": "we must accordingly be on the alert for all possible theories of extinction and", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00172-00084249-00084441": "these theories", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00173-00084441-00084976": "Themselves will fall under the universal principle of the survival of the fittest", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00174-00085043-00085439": "Until we approximate or actually hit upon the truth", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00175-00085575-00086045": "fossil hunting by boat in canada by Barnum brown", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00176-00086175-00086675": "How do you know where to look for fossils is a common question in?", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00177-00086775-00087542": "General it. May be answered that the surface of North America has been pretty well explored by government surveys and", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00178-00087621-00088180": "scientific expeditions and the geologic age of the larger areas", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00179-00088248-00088407": "determined", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00180-00088407-00088660": "most important in determining the", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00181-00088689-00089350": "geologic sequence of the Earth's strata are the fossil remains of animal and plant life a", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00182-00089463-00090167": "grouping of distinct species of fossils correlated with stratigraphic characters in the rocks", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00183-00090234-00090434": "determines these subdivisions", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00184-00090513-00090977": "when a collection of fossils is desired to represent a certain period", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00185-00091065-00091417": "Exploring parties are sent to these known areas", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00186-00091548-00091731": "sometimes however", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00187-00091731-00091836": "chance", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00188-00091836-00092237": "information leads up to most important discoveries such as", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00189-00092298-00092845": "resulted from the work of the past two seasons in Alberta Canada a", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00190-00092961-00093674": "visitor to the museum mister JL Wagner while examine our mineral collections", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00191-00093708-00094240": "Saw the large bones in the reptile hall and remarked to the curator of mineralogy", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00192-00094320-00095005": "That he had seen many similar bones near his ranch in the Red Deer Canyon of Alberta", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00193-00095136-00095627": "After talking some time an invitation was extended to the writer", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00194-00095661-00095978": "To visit his home and prospect to the canyon", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00195-00096105-00096755": "Accordingly in the fall of 1909 a preliminary trip was made to the locality", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00196-00096855-00097262": "from Didsbury a little town north of Calgary the", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00197-00097287-00097660": "writer drove eastward 90 miles to the Red Deer River", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00198-00097710-00098117": "through a portion of the newly opened Grain Belt of Alberta", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00199-00098217-00098708": "Destined in the near future to produce a large part of the world's bread", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00200-00098820-00099152": "Near the railroad the land is mostly under cultivation", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00201-00099204-00099312": "and", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00202-00099312-00099890": "comfortable homes and bountiful grain fields testify to the rich nature of the soil a", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00203-00099978-00100663": "Few miles eastward the brush land gives way to a level expanse of grass covered Prairie", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00204-00100722-00101030": "Dotted here and there by large and small lakes", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00205-00101108-00101308": "probably of glacial origin", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00206-00101457-00102140": "Mile after mile the road follows section lines and one is rarely out of sight of the house of some", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00207-00102180-00102820": "Homesteader it is through this level farmland that the Red Deer River winds its way", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00208-00102888-00103183": "Flowing through a canyon far below the surface", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00209-00103307-00103585": "near Wagner's ranch the canyon was", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00210-00103641-00104437": "Prospected and so many bones found that it appeared most desirable to do extended searching along the river", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00211-00104589-00104797": "Usually fossils are found in", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00212-00104858-00105607": "Badlands where extensive areas are denuded of grass and the surface eroded into hills and ravines", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00213-00105642-00105792": "a", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00214-00105792-00106183": "camp is located near some spring or stream and", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00215-00106245-00106724": "collectors ride or walk over miles of these exposures in each direction", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00216-00106820-00107108": "Till the region is thoroughly explored quite", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00217-00107234-00107503": "Different are the conditions on the Red Deer River", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00218-00107658-00108304": "Cutting through the Prairie land the River had formed a canyon two to five hundred feet deep and", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00219-00108357-00108613": "Rarely more than a mile wide at the top", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00220-00108698-00109423": "In places the walls are nearly perpendicular and the river winds in its narrow valley", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00221-00109487-00109762": "Touching one side then crossing to the other", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00222-00109805-00110557": "So that it is impossible to follow up or down its course any great distance even on horseback", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00223-00110694-00111259": "It was evident that the most feasible way to work these banks was from a boat", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00224-00111434-00112195": "Consequently in the summer of nineteen ten our party proceeded to the town of Red Deer where the", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00225-00112211-00112361": "Calgary Edmonton", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00226-00112361-00112561": "railroad crosses the river", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00227-00112628-00113140": "There a flatboat 12 by 30 feet in dimension was", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00228-00113172-00113948": "constructed on line similar to a Western ferryboat having a carrying capacity of 8 tons with a", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00229-00113990-00114406": "22 foot or at each end to direct its course", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00230-00114509-00114913": "The rapid current averaging about 4 miles per hour", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00231-00114996-00115354": "precluded any thought of going upstream in a large boat", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00232-00115379-00116146": "So it was constructed on line sufficiently generous to form a living boat as well as to carry the seasons", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00233-00116169-00116369": "collection of fossils", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00234-00116429-00117118": "supplied with a season's provisions lumber for boxes and plaster for encasing bones", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00235-00117167-00117466": "We began our fossil cruise down a canyon", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00236-00117515-00118153": "Which wants echoed songs of the bois Brule for this was at one time the FIR?", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00237-00118187-00118453": "territory of the Great Hudson Bay Company", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00238-00118596-00119131": "No more interesting or instructive journey has ever been taken by the writer", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00239-00119240-00119440": "high up on the plateau", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00240-00119448-00119857": "buildings and haystacks proclaim a well settled country", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00241-00119879-00120628": "But habitations are rarely seen from the River and for miles. We floated through picturesque solitude", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00242-00120692-00120946": "unbroken saved by the roar of the rapids", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00243-00121133-00121459": "Especially characteristic of this Canyon are the slides", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00244-00121502-00122254": "Where the current setting against the bank has undermined it until a mountain of Earth slips into the river in", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00245-00122279-00122641": "some cases almost choking its course a", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00246-00122796-00123596": "Continual sorting thus goes on the finer material being carried away while the boulders are left as barriers", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00247-00123626-00124000": "forming slow-moving reaches of calm water and", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00248-00124064-00124330": "stretches of Rapids difficult to navigate", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00249-00124398-00124580": "during low water", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00250-00124580-00125236": "In one of these slides we found several small mammal jaws and teeth not known before", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00251-00125288-00125488": "from Canada", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00252-00125492-00125872": "associated with fossil clam shells of Eocene age", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00253-00125997-00126553": "The long mid summer days in latitude 52 degrees gave many working hours", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00254-00126576-00127276": "But with frequent stops to prospect the banks. We rarely floated more than 20 miles per day an", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00255-00127427-00127900": "Occasional flock of ducks and geese were disturbed as our boat approached and", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00256-00127940-00128617": "Bank beaver houses were frequently passed, but few of the animals were seen during the daytime", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00257-00128745-00128945": "tying the boat to a tree at night", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00258-00128984-00129742": "We would go ashore to camp among the trees where after dinner pipes were smoked in the glow of a great campfire", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00259-00129870-00130027": "Only a fossil hunter", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00260-00130027-00130675": "Or a desert traveler can fully appreciate the luxury of abundant wood and running water in", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00261-00130751-00131515": "The stillness of the night the underworld was alive and many little feet rustled the leaves where daylight", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00262-00131540-00131740": "Disclosed no sound", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00263-00131820-00132200": "Then the beaver and muskrats swam up to investigate this new", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00264-00132249-00132718": "Intruder while from the treetops came the constant query who?", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00265-00132960-00133645": "For seventy miles the country is thickly wooded with pine and poplar the stately spruce trees", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00266-00133679-00133872": "silhouetted against the sky", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00267-00133872-00134162": "Adding a charm to the ever-changing scene", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00268-00134313-00135079": "Nature has also been kind the treeless regions beyond for underneath the fertile Prairie veins of good lignite coal", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00269-00135102-00135619": "Of varying thickness are successively cut by the river in", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00270-00135702-00136138": "Many places these are worked in the river banks during winter", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00271-00136236-00136918": "One vein of excellent quality is 18 feet thick though usually they are much thinner", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00272-00137016-00137635": "The government right has been taken to mine most of this coal outcropping along the river", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00273-00137748-00138229": "Along the upper portion of the stream our banks of Eocene age", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00274-00138273-00138590": "from which shells and mammal jaws were secured", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00275-00138600-00139316": "but near the town of content where the river bends southward a new series of rocks appeared and", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00276-00139347-00139790": "In these our search was rewarded by finding dinosaur bones", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00277-00139848-00140116": "similar to those seen at Wagner's ranch", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00278-00140279-00140791": "Specimens were found in increasing numbers as we continued our journey and", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00279-00140867-00141268": "Progress down the river was necessarily much slower", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00280-00141432-00142013": "Frequently the boat would be tied up a week or more at one camp while we searched the banks", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00281-00142071-00142274": "Examining the cliffs layer by layer", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00282-00142326-00142567": "that no fossil might escape", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00283-00142650-00142803": "observation", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00284-00142803-00143521": "With the little dinghy the opposite side of the river was reached so that both sides were covered at the same time", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00285-00143538-00143738": "from one camp", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00286-00143745-00144014": "As soon as a mile or more had been", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00287-00144090-00144751": "Prospected or a new specimen secured the boat was dropped down to a new convenient Anchorage", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00288-00144864-00145498": "Box after box was added to the collection until scarcely a cubit space remained unoccupied", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00289-00145557-00145847": "on board our fossil Ark", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00290-00145962-00146115": "We're Prairie", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00291-00146115-00146884": "Badlands are eroded in innumerable buttes and ravines. It is always doubtful if one seen all", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00292-00146936-00147193": "Exposures so there was peculiar", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00293-00147272-00147589": "satisfaction in making a thorough search of these", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00294-00147647-00148087": "riverbanks knowing that few if any fossils had escaped", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00295-00148139-00148332": "observation on", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00296-00148332-00148555": "account of the heavy rainfall and frequent", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00297-00148604-00149155": "Sliding of banks new fossils are exposed every season so that in a few", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00298-00149184-00149539": "Years these same banks can again be explored", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00299-00149595-00149745": "profitably", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00300-00149745-00150472": "This River will become as classic hunting ground for reptile remains as the Badlands of South", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00301-00150500-00150700": "Dakota are for mammals", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00302-00150822-00151303": "although the summer days are long in this latitude the season is short and", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00303-00151367-00151780": "thousands of geese flying southward foretell the early winter", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00304-00151901-00152491": "Where the temperature is not infrequently forty to sixty degrees below zero in winter?", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00305-00152532-00153032": "It is difficult to think of a time when a warm climate could have prevailed", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00306-00153072-00153484": "Yet such condition is indicated by the fossil plants", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00307-00153575-00154354": "When the weather became too cold to work with plaster the fossils were shipped from a branch railroad 45 miles", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00308-00154383-00154906": "Distant the camp material was stored for the winter and with block-and-tackle", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00309-00154964-00155503": "The big boat was hauled up on shore above the reach of high water in", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00310-00155591-00155721": "the summer of", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00311-00155721-00156175": "1911 the boat was recalled and again launched when we", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00312-00156191-00156652": "Continued our search from the point at which work closed the previous year", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00313-00156744-00157261": "During the summer we were visited by the museum's president, Professor Henry", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00314-00157313-00157870": "Fairfield Osborn and one of the trustees mr.. Madison grant a", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00315-00157991-00158569": "Canoeing trip one of great interest and pleasure was taken with our visitors covering", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00316-00158651-00158998": "250 miles down the river from the town of Red Deer", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00317-00159086-00159604": "During which valuable material was added to the collection and important", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00318-00159669-00159896": "geological data secured as", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00319-00159959-00160396": "a result of the canoe in work the museum is enriched by a", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00320-00160454-00160981": "Magnificent collection of cretaceous fossils some of which are new to science", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00321-00161115-00161401": "end of chapter 11 part 3", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00322-00161520-00162050": "End of dinosaurs with special reference to the american museum", "hnkvWLvaC6g-00323-00162104-00162412": "collections by William Diller, Matthew"}}, {"audio_id": "hnyjkbAd3VY", "text": {"hnyjkbAd3VY-00000-00000000-00000200": "Abone Olup Like Atmayı Unutmayın", "hnyjkbAd3VY-00001-00000200-00000400": "İyi Seyirler"}}, {"audio_id": "hnFLOlxPswo", "text": {"hnFLOlxPswo-00000-00001963-00002477": "Number 2: Aesthetic Recognition We appreciate the aesthetic values of beauty,", "hnFLOlxPswo-00001-00002477-00002875": "art, and other concepts, such as nobility and honor.", "hnFLOlxPswo-00002-00002875-00003314": "Dawkins admits this as well: \"We're hugely different from other animals in that we have", "hnFLOlxPswo-00003-00003314-00003786": "language, we have art, we have mathematics, philosophy, we have all sorts of emotions", "hnFLOlxPswo-00004-00003786-00004130": "that other animals probably don't have\".", "hnFLOlxPswo-00005-00004130-00004673": "The Dawkins' quote here comes from an interview recorded at 2009 on RTE's Late Late Show,", "hnFLOlxPswo-00006-00004673-00005242": "and this is, spoiler alert, the only quote from an actual specialist in the related field", "hnFLOlxPswo-00007-00005242-00005446": "in this whole section.", "hnFLOlxPswo-00008-00005446-00005798": "And it does not support Broocks as much as he'd like it would...", "hnFLOlxPswo-00009-00005798-00006308": "But let's allow Broocks to continue: Today we don't find even crude drawings on", "hnFLOlxPswo-00010-00006308-00006573": "the dwellings of animal caves that are made by the animals themselves.", "hnFLOlxPswo-00011-00006573-00007104": "Though they can be trained to imitate human behavior in some respects, it is a far cry", "hnFLOlxPswo-00012-00007104-00007443": "from the human ability we see in art museums and libraries.", "hnFLOlxPswo-00013-00007443-00007579": "Yes, it's true.", "hnFLOlxPswo-00014-00007579-00008081": "We don't find drawings made by animals in their natural habitats, but we do find lots", "hnFLOlxPswo-00015-00008081-00008653": "of other things, from interior decoration (clearly using colours and even more complex", "hnFLOlxPswo-00016-00008653-00009457": "tricks such as optical illusions) to dance, to singing (and just so you don't think I'm", "hnFLOlxPswo-00017-00009457-00010131": "focusing only on birds, here's some mammals instead), to using makeup, et cetera, et cetera.", "hnFLOlxPswo-00018-00010131-00010342": "Are you noticing a pattern?", "hnFLOlxPswo-00019-00010342-00010911": "All of these rituals that seem to be at least somewhat aesthetically pleasing to us, are", "hnFLOlxPswo-00020-00010911-00011250": "designed to be pleasing to the potential mate.", "hnFLOlxPswo-00021-00011250-00011828": "And we, humans, are not entirely free from that, finding physically attractive people", "hnFLOlxPswo-00022-00011828-00012135": "to also be aesthetically pleasing.", "hnFLOlxPswo-00023-00012135-00012646": "Think about the features such as symmetry, the smoothness of skin, the glossy cleanliness", "hnFLOlxPswo-00024-00012646-00013206": "of hair, the proper proportions � all of these represent the increased likelihood of", "hnFLOlxPswo-00025-00013206-00013538": "the mate producing healthier offspring.", "hnFLOlxPswo-00026-00013538-00013956": "And while the study into the subject is rather young, there is already a lot of material", "hnFLOlxPswo-00027-00013956-00014444": "out there that seems to confirm this hypothesis, from a research done on rats' preferences", "hnFLOlxPswo-00028-00014444-00015044": "of abstract shapes revealing a possible link to rat body proportions described in the 2014", "hnFLOlxPswo-00029-00015044-00015858": "paper by Jessica Winne et al, to a 2013 study of facial beauty by Elia IE that used the", "hnFLOlxPswo-00030-00015858-00016308": "example of domesticated silver foxes to show how neoteny was the likely culprit and how", "hnFLOlxPswo-00031-00016308-00016722": "it relates to us, the product of neoteny ourselves.", "hnFLOlxPswo-00032-00016722-00017134": "Of course, not everything related to the perception of beauty can be explained purely by modified", "hnFLOlxPswo-00033-00017134-00017361": "algorithms of selecting a mate.", "hnFLOlxPswo-00034-00017361-00017892": "For instance, preferences in both natural landscapes and in architecture seem to be", "hnFLOlxPswo-00035-00017892-00018303": "at least partially influenced by how good these places would be to live in.", "hnFLOlxPswo-00036-00018303-00018521": "This is called \"the habitat theory\".", "hnFLOlxPswo-00037-00018521-00018990": "Now, are those explanations sufficient to explain the entirety of ways in which humans", "hnFLOlxPswo-00038-00018990-00019165": "appreciate art and beauty?", "hnFLOlxPswo-00039-00019165-00019354": "No, of course not.", "hnFLOlxPswo-00040-00019354-00019777": "As I've said, the field is still in its infancy and due to how complex the issue is these", "hnFLOlxPswo-00041-00019777-00020111": "questions are not going to be solved in a few years of research.", "hnFLOlxPswo-00042-00020111-00020563": "However, the first steps in figuring out this puzzle are already being made, such as the", "hnFLOlxPswo-00043-00020563-00021299": "hypothesis by Camilo J. Cela-Conde et al in Volume VIII of \"In The Light of Evolution\"", "hnFLOlxPswo-00044-00021299-00021913": "that describes two different systems, an initial and a delayed aesthetic networks, being responsible", "hnFLOlxPswo-00045-00021913-00022225": "for the phenomenon of aesthetic recognition.", "hnFLOlxPswo-00046-00022225-00022671": "This seems to neatly parallel the dual process theory in psychology, and it could be the", "hnFLOlxPswo-00047-00022671-00023240": "same phenomenon responsible -- the proposed cause is most certainly the same: the conservation", "hnFLOlxPswo-00048-00023240-00023644": "of resources in the most resource-hungry organ in our body.", "hnFLOlxPswo-00049-00023644-00024118": "Interestingly, the described process also seems to parallel the process of moral decision", "hnFLOlxPswo-00050-00024118-00024218": "making.", "hnFLOlxPswo-00051-00024218-00024625": "Could it be that what actually differentiates us from animals in this regard is the appearance", "hnFLOlxPswo-00052-00024625-00025176": "or, more likely, improvement of the second, more controlled and conscious, process/network?", "hnFLOlxPswo-00053-00025176-00025810": "If so, then this proposed gap is not as unbreachable as it appeared to be...", "hnFLOlxPswo-00054-00025810-00026487": "Another key point is made by Dahlia W. Zaidel in Chapter 11 of \"Art and brain: The relationship", "hnFLOlxPswo-00055-00026487-00027086": "of biology and evolution to art\", that is that sporadic art appeared a long time before", "hnFLOlxPswo-00056-00027086-00027511": "any actual practice of art and the appearance of the latter seems to be correlated to the", "hnFLOlxPswo-00057-00027511-00027958": "development of civilization and the changes in the form and structure of human societies.", "hnFLOlxPswo-00058-00027958-00028347": "So, can we say that art is uniquely human?", "hnFLOlxPswo-00059-00028347-00028824": "Well, some forms of art seem to be, but it's clear that aesthetic recognition, and this", "hnFLOlxPswo-00060-00028824-00029374": "is what Broocks used as the actual difference, is found in other animals in at least some,", "hnFLOlxPswo-00061-00029374-00029477": "possibly unconscious, form.", "hnFLOlxPswo-00062-00029477-00030127": "Even if we do allow Broocks to use specifically art as the difference, it still fails to satisfy", "hnFLOlxPswo-00063-00030127-00030614": "the third criteria, since it doesn't seem to be unreachable by unguided evolution.", "hnFLOlxPswo-00064-00030614-00031064": "In fact, it appears to fit the basic idea that these are just exaggerated remnants of", "hnFLOlxPswo-00065-00031064-00031335": "our ancestral survival mechanisms quite well."}}, {"audio_id": "hnZF89uFe8I", "text": {"hnZF89uFe8I-00000-00000000-00000200": "The Last of Us Part I RTX 2060 | 1920x1080p | High"}}, {"audio_id": "io-lClQz95k", "text": {"io-lClQz95k-00000-00001026-00001297": "Brands delivering returns to farm gate.", "io-lClQz95k-00001-00001297-00001588": "I've just got a few notes here, because this is", "io-lClQz95k-00002-00001588-00001905": "a new version of presentation.", "io-lClQz95k-00003-00001905-00002100": "We are very unique company.", "io-lClQz95k-00004-00002100-00002295": "As Richard said, we were formally", "io-lClQz95k-00005-00002295-00002893": "known as Certified Australian Angus Beef Proprietary Limited.", "io-lClQz95k-00006-00002893-00003044": "We changed our name last September", "io-lClQz95k-00007-00003044-00003359": "to Certified Angus Group Proprietary Limited.", "io-lClQz95k-00008-00003359-00003686": "We did that for one reason, and one reason alone.", "io-lClQz95k-00009-00003686-00003954": "We also have a brand called Certified Australian Angus", "io-lClQz95k-00010-00003954-00004160": "Beef, and it causes confusion.", "io-lClQz95k-00011-00004160-00004479": "And it's also a mouthful when you answer the telephone.", "io-lClQz95k-00012-00004479-00004925": "So we have three core business streams within what we now", "io-lClQz95k-00013-00004925-00005148": "call Certified Angus Group.", "io-lClQz95k-00014-00005148-00005554": "They include our two brands, Certified Australian Angus Beef", "io-lClQz95k-00015-00005554-00005884": "and Angus Pure, and then thirdly our Angus", "io-lClQz95k-00016-00005884-00006149": "Breed Verification Services.", "io-lClQz95k-00017-00006149-00006617": "I'll get a little bit more into each of these areas", "io-lClQz95k-00018-00006617-00006701": "in a moment.", "io-lClQz95k-00019-00006701-00007037": "Our brands and services tap into exactly what Jason was talking", "io-lClQz95k-00020-00007037-00007351": "about, and that is maximising our markets,", "io-lClQz95k-00021-00007351-00007634": "looking for traceability, locality,", "io-lClQz95k-00022-00007634-00008045": "and raising [? clones, ?] including breeds such as Angus,", "io-lClQz95k-00023-00008045-00008461": "HGP-, antibiotic-free, and whether it be pasture-raised", "io-lClQz95k-00024-00008461-00008628": "or grain-fed.", "io-lClQz95k-00025-00008628-00008900": "So that is primarily what our business does.", "io-lClQz95k-00026-00008900-00009246": "It's interesting in that our uniqueness comes down", "io-lClQz95k-00027-00009246-00009514": "to we do not own a single animal and we do not", "io-lClQz95k-00028-00009514-00009634": "sell a single animal.", "io-lClQz95k-00029-00009634-00009841": "We are a brand company.", "io-lClQz95k-00030-00009841-00010006": "We own the specifications.", "io-lClQz95k-00031-00010006-00010340": "We own the IP, that is, the trademarks to the brands.", "io-lClQz95k-00032-00010340-00011004": "And we put those into industry and quality support systems", "io-lClQz95k-00033-00011004-00011431": "in order to create a brand for a processor", "io-lClQz95k-00034-00011431-00011936": "or for an individual company in support of breed.", "io-lClQz95k-00035-00011936-00012361": "Importantly, it is important to note that Certified Angus", "io-lClQz95k-00036-00012361-00012773": "Group is owned by Angus Australia, the breed", "io-lClQz95k-00037-00012773-00013094": "society for Angus in Australia, and the members", "io-lClQz95k-00038-00013094-00013211": "are the brand owners.", "io-lClQz95k-00039-00013211-00013627": "So that is why we do what we do, and it's to create value", "io-lClQz95k-00040-00013627-00013772": "at the other end.", "io-lClQz95k-00041-00013772-00013985": "Certified Australian Angus Beef currently", "io-lClQz95k-00042-00013985-00014303": "puts in about 100,000 head per annum.", "io-lClQz95k-00043-00014303-00014679": "It's a grain-fed product, fed for a minimum of 120 days.", "io-lClQz95k-00044-00014679-00014949": "We do have another programme within that.", "io-lClQz95k-00045-00014949-00015124": "It's a 200 day programme.", "io-lClQz95k-00046-00015124-00015419": "But so as not to confuse the domestic marketplace,", "io-lClQz95k-00047-00015419-00015660": "that programme is only exported.", "io-lClQz95k-00048-00015660-00016008": "We don't like to have two specs sitting on the domestic market,", "io-lClQz95k-00049-00016008-00016326": "because our brand is all about being consistent.", "io-lClQz95k-00050-00016326-00016664": "If this brand is consistent and it consistently delivers,", "io-lClQz95k-00051-00016664-00016986": "then people will consistently buy it.", "io-lClQz95k-00052-00016986-00017303": "It is produced to eating quality specifications.", "io-lClQz95k-00053-00017303-00017702": "Whilst it is underpinned by Meat Standards Australia grading", "io-lClQz95k-00054-00017702-00018067": "systems, on top of that, further quality specifications", "io-lClQz95k-00055-00018067-00018304": "are placed on the product to ensure", "io-lClQz95k-00056-00018304-00018584": "that the product provides consistency", "io-lClQz95k-00057-00018584-00018758": "through further ageing of product", "io-lClQz95k-00058-00018758-00019118": "than MSA actually requires.", "io-lClQz95k-00059-00019118-00019557": "It is, again, verified for Angus breed by another company", "io-lClQz95k-00060-00019557-00019707": "that we'll talk about shortly, which", "io-lClQz95k-00061-00019707-00020142": "we own-- Angus Breed Verification, which", "io-lClQz95k-00062-00020142-00020491": "provides breed verification services to the industry.", "io-lClQz95k-00063-00020491-00020732": "So the financial crisis and the Australian dollar.", "io-lClQz95k-00064-00020732-00021118": "As Trish was saying, we took a pretty hard hit", "io-lClQz95k-00065-00021118-00021337": "when the Aussie dollar went through the roof", "io-lClQz95k-00066-00021337-00021574": "and the bottom fell out of the US market--", "io-lClQz95k-00067-00021574-00021775": "to put it very nicely.", "io-lClQz95k-00068-00021775-00022181": "And we found ourselves in the interesting position", "io-lClQz95k-00069-00022181-00022541": "that US, for 12 months, didn't buy a kilo off us.", "io-lClQz95k-00070-00022541-00022836": "Keeping in mind that we are a high-end brand,", "io-lClQz95k-00071-00022836-00023094": "we operate in the high-end market,", "io-lClQz95k-00072-00023094-00023447": "so our product is more expensive.", "io-lClQz95k-00073-00023447-00023679": "But the US took bucket loads of trim.", "io-lClQz95k-00074-00023679-00023973": "And what we do with our trim is we make sure", "io-lClQz95k-00075-00023973-00024262": "in order to utilise carcass, we put it", "io-lClQz95k-00076-00024262-00024393": "in the high-end category.", "io-lClQz95k-00077-00024393-00024654": "So if we sell trim to a pizza maker,", "io-lClQz95k-00078-00024654-00024850": "it's the top pizza in that category.", "io-lClQz95k-00079-00024850-00025071": "If we sell trim to a burger maker,", "io-lClQz95k-00080-00025071-00025296": "it's the top burger in their range.", "io-lClQz95k-00081-00025296-00025475": "So that's how we position our product.", "io-lClQz95k-00082-00025475-00025720": "And that product disappeared from the US,", "io-lClQz95k-00083-00025720-00026031": "because there just wasn't the money there to buy the product.", "io-lClQz95k-00084-00026031-00026413": "So it saw us take a big hit.", "io-lClQz95k-00085-00026413-00026756": "Equally, at the same time, it was a bit of a perfect storm.", "io-lClQz95k-00086-00026756-00027024": "Japan decided it didn't want to buy a beef anymore either", "io-lClQz95k-00087-00027024-00027445": "because it was too expensive, and now we're two years down", "io-lClQz95k-00088-00027445-00027595": "the track and it's looking up.", "io-lClQz95k-00089-00027595-00027829": "So Japan's biting again.", "io-lClQz95k-00090-00027829-00028083": "The US is taking quite a lot of beef.", "io-lClQz95k-00091-00028083-00028364": "Not so much grain-fed, but a lot of pasture-fed beef,", "io-lClQz95k-00092-00028364-00028749": "which we also have a brand for-- I'll talk about in a moment.", "io-lClQz95k-00093-00028749-00028902": "And it's looking up and up.", "io-lClQz95k-00094-00028902-00029206": "Our biggest problem in our projections for the next five", "io-lClQz95k-00095-00029206-00029356": "years is where the hell are we going", "io-lClQz95k-00096-00029356-00029749": "to find all the cattle-- and black ones at that.", "io-lClQz95k-00097-00029749-00030204": "So our value to suppliers for this brand in 2014--", "io-lClQz95k-00098-00030204-00030752": "and this is obviously to Angus suppliers-- was 270.7 million.", "io-lClQz95k-00099-00030752-00030930": "That is return to farm gate.", "io-lClQz95k-00100-00030930-00031158": "So I'm not talking about how much we put on a boat,", "io-lClQz95k-00101-00031158-00031494": "or how much was paid for it from the processor,", "io-lClQz95k-00102-00031494-00031864": "because that's not the topic for discussion.", "io-lClQz95k-00103-00031864-00032095": "It's how do we return value to a producer,", "io-lClQz95k-00104-00032095-00032656": "and that was our value returned for this brand in 2014.", "io-lClQz95k-00105-00032656-00032954": "So if we then go to Angus Pure.", "io-lClQz95k-00106-00032954-00033181": "Angus Pure is our pasture-fed brand.", "io-lClQz95k-00107-00033181-00033326": "It's only a baby.", "io-lClQz95k-00108-00033326-00033573": "Certified Australian Angus Beef is 20 years old.", "io-lClQz95k-00109-00033573-00033857": "Angus Pure is only five years old,", "io-lClQz95k-00110-00033857-00034319": "and is already producing 80,000 head per annum.", "io-lClQz95k-00111-00034319-00034515": "It's pasture-fed Whole of Life.", "io-lClQz95k-00112-00034515-00034719": "It's an antibiotic-free product.", "io-lClQz95k-00113-00034719-00034901": "It's HGP-free.", "io-lClQz95k-00114-00034901-00035173": "And again, produced to eating quality specifications", "io-lClQz95k-00115-00035173-00035340": "underpinned by Meat Standards Australia.", "io-lClQz95k-00116-00035664-00035845": "The brand position for this is also", "io-lClQz95k-00117-00035845-00036007": "the top end of that market.", "io-lClQz95k-00118-00036007-00036437": "But again, comes back to product claim and product story.", "io-lClQz95k-00119-00036437-00036604": "We know where it's come from.", "io-lClQz95k-00120-00036604-00036836": "It's fully traceable.", "io-lClQz95k-00121-00036836-00037231": "We take DNA samples of every carcass processed", "io-lClQz95k-00122-00037231-00037501": "for both brands in store for traceability", "io-lClQz95k-00123-00037501-00037710": "should they be required.", "io-lClQz95k-00124-00037710-00038368": "We position it in the high-end, and the same", "io-lClQz95k-00125-00038368-00038729": "with the trim from this product, in order to ensure that value", "io-lClQz95k-00126-00038729-00039027": "can be received.", "io-lClQz95k-00127-00039027-00039474": "Interestingly, for this product, domestically, it's", "io-lClQz95k-00128-00039474-00039850": "not readily available, because Safeway in the US", "io-lClQz95k-00129-00039850-00040150": "takes almost entirely all our production.", "io-lClQz95k-00130-00040150-00040304": "And it's in every store on the East", "io-lClQz95k-00131-00040304-00040545": "Coast of Safeway in the US.", "io-lClQz95k-00132-00040545-00040905": "So with Safeway recently purchasing", "io-lClQz95k-00133-00040905-00041139": "Albertsons on the West Coast, we find ourselves", "io-lClQz95k-00134-00041139-00041431": "in a little bit of a pickle, where", "io-lClQz95k-00135-00041431-00041663": "we need more cattle once again.", "io-lClQz95k-00136-00041663-00042107": "Obviously, a very different type of animal, but more of them.", "io-lClQz95k-00137-00042107-00042376": "The outlook is strong for this product.", "io-lClQz95k-00138-00042376-00042757": "With the Aussie dollar down, and the US buying in-- and really", "io-lClQz95k-00139-00042757-00043190": "buying in hard on this HGP-, antibiotic-free type animal--", "io-lClQz95k-00140-00043190-00043527": "the prospect is very solid for this brand in the overseas", "io-lClQz95k-00141-00043527-00043655": "markets.", "io-lClQz95k-00142-00043655-00043929": "And equally, we've had a lot of interest from Korea.", "io-lClQz95k-00143-00044325-00044616": "Domestically, obviously, domestic supply", "io-lClQz95k-00144-00044616-00044877": "is our challenge, because this is such a wonderful product we", "io-lClQz95k-00145-00044877-00045070": "want to get available domestically,", "io-lClQz95k-00146-00045070-00045479": "and very little of it stays here at the moment.", "io-lClQz95k-00147-00045479-00045684": "And that's our challenge for the next few years--", "io-lClQz95k-00148-00045684-00045933": "how do we make it affordable in Australia for this product.", "io-lClQz95k-00149-00046259-00046313": "Verification.", "io-lClQz95k-00150-00046743-00047089": "So this little logo-- and I haven't put the other logo", "io-lClQz95k-00151-00047089-00047227": "on there, which was remiss of me,", "io-lClQz95k-00152-00047227-00047447": "there's one that says Black Mac Angus Beef,", "io-lClQz95k-00153-00047447-00047769": "which is used exclusively for McDonald's-- goes on the end", "io-lClQz95k-00154-00047769-00048127": "of cartons at abattoirs to say that there is a system in place", "io-lClQz95k-00155-00048127-00048469": "in that abattoir, an audited system, which we provide,", "io-lClQz95k-00156-00048469-00048849": "that verifies that that beef is of Angus parentage,", "io-lClQz95k-00157-00048849-00049186": "and is traceable throughout the supply chain.", "io-lClQz95k-00158-00049186-00049561": "So this third-party verification for breed--", "io-lClQz95k-00159-00049561-00049870": "sorry, I should have told you too, previously,", "io-lClQz95k-00160-00049870-00050518": "that the value to suppliers of the Angus Pure in 2014", "io-lClQz95k-00161-00050518-00050941": "was 67.1 million.", "io-lClQz95k-00162-00050941-00051146": "Third-party verification for breed", "io-lClQz95k-00163-00051146-00051427": "provides this assurance to a customer,", "io-lClQz95k-00164-00051427-00051664": "and further, a value to the producer that's", "io-lClQz95k-00165-00051664-00051948": "producing this product that they're producing", "io-lClQz95k-00166-00051948-00052213": "a product that somebody wants and is in demand, and hence", "io-lClQz95k-00167-00052213-00052444": "is getting a premium price for this products", "io-lClQz95k-00168-00052444-00052582": "in the marketplace.", "io-lClQz95k-00169-00052582-00052925": "We're seeing on saleyard type cattle,", "io-lClQz95k-00170-00052925-00053301": "15 to 40 cents increased priced on other breeds--", "io-lClQz95k-00171-00053301-00053659": "with other factors in play, including", "io-lClQz95k-00172-00053659-00053854": "how long they've been pasture-fed for,", "io-lClQz95k-00173-00053854-00054149": "and if they've had a HGP or an antibiotic.", "io-lClQz95k-00174-00054149-00054601": "So if they tick all the boxes, and they have and have not had,", "io-lClQz95k-00175-00054601-00054829": "then obviously, the price sneaks up.", "io-lClQz95k-00176-00054829-00055266": "But this is exclusively for Angus and is week in, week out", "io-lClQz95k-00177-00055266-00055379": "in every saleyard.", "io-lClQz95k-00178-00055725-00056007": "It's used by other brands and Angus beef resellers.", "io-lClQz95k-00179-00056007-00056152": "So yes, McDonald's use it.", "io-lClQz95k-00180-00056152-00056312": "But again, what I was talking about", "io-lClQz95k-00181-00056312-00056566": "is we're pushing it to the top range.", "io-lClQz95k-00182-00056566-00056957": "So it's trim going into McDonald's, but their Mac", "io-lClQz95k-00183-00056957-00057151": "Angus, and the build-your-own burger", "io-lClQz95k-00184-00057151-00057566": "range that they're launching, et cetera, is their premium offer.", "io-lClQz95k-00185-00057566-00057841": "So we're still positioning Angus as the premium", "io-lClQz95k-00186-00057841-00058210": "product in that line.", "io-lClQz95k-00187-00058210-00058588": "We do it for other companies, including Rangers Valley,", "io-lClQz95k-00188-00058588-00059228": "Bindaree Beef, Jack's Creek, Manildra Meat Company,", "io-lClQz95k-00189-00059228-00059562": "Australian Meat Group, Thomas Farms International,", "io-lClQz95k-00190-00059562-00059732": "Teys Australia.", "io-lClQz95k-00191-00059732-00059973": "Everyone is seeking for their products", "io-lClQz95k-00192-00059973-00060310": "to be verified to give that customer assurance,", "io-lClQz95k-00193-00060310-00060791": "and equally wipe out-- because there's", "io-lClQz95k-00194-00060791-00061027": "such a demand for the Angus product,", "io-lClQz95k-00195-00061027-00061287": "and such a premium paid-- wipe out", "io-lClQz95k-00196-00061287-00061550": "the competitors that are calling it Angus", "io-lClQz95k-00197-00061550-00061930": "and not buying Angus that are getting found out,", "io-lClQz95k-00198-00061930-00062300": "because they have no third-party verification backed by someone", "io-lClQz95k-00199-00062300-00062592": "owned by the breeders of Angus in Australia", "io-lClQz95k-00200-00062592-00062966": "that that product is, in fact, Angus.", "io-lClQz95k-00201-00062966-00063419": "This verification service has been operating for about eight", "io-lClQz95k-00202-00063419-00063701": "years, primarily, firstly, for McDonald's.", "io-lClQz95k-00203-00063701-00063882": "It was developed for McDonald's, and then,", "io-lClQz95k-00204-00063882-00064134": "of course, every other company said,", "io-lClQz95k-00205-00064134-00064291": "we need a third-party assurance.", "io-lClQz95k-00206-00064291-00064715": "So we started offering this service outside of McDonald's.", "io-lClQz95k-00207-00064715-00065336": "And in 2014, for the year, 642,490 head of cattle were", "io-lClQz95k-00208-00065336-00065655": "verified for this programme.", "io-lClQz95k-00209-00065655-00066194": "That amounts to, on a trim of 30 kilos per carcass,", "io-lClQz95k-00210-00066194-00066457": "1.8 million kilogrammes per month,", "io-lClQz95k-00211-00066457-00067074": "or on 60 kilos taken from carcass being primals,", "io-lClQz95k-00212-00067074-00067521": "3.2 million kilos per month.", "io-lClQz95k-00213-00067521-00067938": "So it's quite a force for the Angus,", "io-lClQz95k-00214-00067938-00068370": "and it continues to deliver the Angus promise to the industry.", "io-lClQz95k-00215-00068370-00068579": "And that is that you get what you're paying for.", "io-lClQz95k-00216-00068843-00069115": "So in summary-- and trying to keep it sweet and on my time", "io-lClQz95k-00217-00069115-00069165": "limit.", "io-lClQz95k-00218-00069165-00069430": "I talk pretty quick, so hopefully I'm ahead.", "io-lClQz95k-00219-00069430-00069877": "Is that it's owned by members of Angus Australia,", "io-lClQz95k-00220-00069877-00070087": "that is, Certified Angus Group.", "io-lClQz95k-00221-00070087-00070570": "CAAB provides a member-owned grain-fed brand", "io-lClQz95k-00222-00070570-00070795": "in the marketplace, and Angus Pure", "io-lClQz95k-00223-00070795-00071172": "provides our pasture-fed option in the marketplace.", "io-lClQz95k-00224-00071172-00071600": "Verification services are ensuring Angus producers", "io-lClQz95k-00225-00071600-00071747": "receive the benefit of the breed,", "io-lClQz95k-00226-00071747-00072129": "and customer receives the truth in labelling they deserve.", "io-lClQz95k-00227-00072129-00072462": "And we see that there for these brands", "io-lClQz95k-00228-00072462-00072628": "there are real growth opportunities.", "io-lClQz95k-00229-00072628-00072882": "Domestically, for our pasture-fed brand,", "io-lClQz95k-00230-00072882-00073157": "and equally growth opportunities overseas", "io-lClQz95k-00231-00073157-00073738": "into Korea, the UAE, and the US for our grain-fed brand", "io-lClQz95k-00232-00073738-00073994": "especially.", "io-lClQz95k-00233-00073994-00074490": "And I'm pretty sure that's me in a nutshell,", "io-lClQz95k-00234-00074490-00074760": "and that's what's Certified Australian Angus Group does.", "io-lClQz95k-00235-00074760-00074969": "So thank you."}}, {"audio_id": "ioU-xl4b1-0", "text": {"ioU-xl4b1-0-00000-00000291-00000620": "Hello guys, I really hope that you'll find today", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00001-00000714-00001310": "Today, I'm not going to beat around the bush. I am going to go straight. I am going to cut to the chase", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00002-00001318-00001814": "I think that a lot of us are going through a bad period raynelle", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00003-00001857-00002177": "But guys always remember always remember", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00004-00002308-00002559": "Time and tide wait for no, man", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00005-00002641-00002952": "time and tide wait for no, man, and once again", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00006-00003016-00003196": "Knowledge is power", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00007-00003196-00003410": "Knowledge spread. This is definitely true", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00008-00003444-00004170": "See if you do not understand it when you walk learning it when you know things it's going to help you to make better decisions", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00009-00004207-00004893": "It's going to help you to to think Lee where you see that doesn't mean you're not great to fail. You might fail", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00010-00004930-00005384": "But you if you feel that some because when the other on you haven't done your best", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00011-00005405-00005630": "You will fit because it is a step", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00012-00005644-00006182": "Maybe there is something that you need a way to get but it's not because that you're you were ignoring", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00013-00006214-00006414": "So if you don't want to learn", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00014-00006468-00006657": "you can wait because", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00015-00006657-00007229": "Congress come shine life will tell you how much ignorance is more expensive", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00016-00007267-00007688": "You see how much ignorance can destroy you so what you were at home?", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00017-00007688-00007964": "I'm going to help you in my previous video", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00018-00007964-00008612": "I told you to try and do some internal very something trying to find something to do. But today I'm going to help you", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00019-00008613-00008963": "I'm going to tell you what you can do, so", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00020-00009036-00009236": "if you have a", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00021-00009238-00009824": "Memory problem or you want to improve the capacity of your memory you were to have a photographic memory?", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00022-00009834-00010235": "I have a good guy here for you. His name is Jim quake", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00023-00010281-00010886": "Jeff quake is a very good man. I mean when I'm saying good, I'm not gonna buy less courage", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00024-00010888-00011075": "I'm talking about what he's doing", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00025-00011075-00011543": "He's a very great guy is going to help you to reach a certain potential", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00026-00011592-00011958": "Because I'm sure that you are not living your life to your fullest potential", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00027-00011995-00012558": "So with gemway is going to help you reach the fullest potential of your memory", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00028-00012563-00012771": "so if you go on YouTube", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00029-00012772-00013422": "You can check in check it mountain to see what is great to give you Jim quick and if you want", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00030-00013451-00013851": "Motivation I have two people here for you. The first one is Eric Thomas", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00031-00013904-00014505": "Eric Thomas is one of the greatest motivational speaker in the world not only in the States but in the world", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00032-00014552-00014940": "So there is a speech he has which is named you", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00033-00014941-00015519": "Oh you see if you listen to this which I am telling a guy you're going to be very great", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00034-00015519-00016158": "You're going to use yourself to your fullest potential and also there is princey a is a very good man already", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00035-00016159-00016654": "He talks about a lot of things he inspires people to see so", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00036-00016709-00017152": "What you are at home, there are so many things that you can do. You can learn from these people", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00037-00017222-00017635": "Build your future because I also answered I always tell you", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00038-00017678-00018154": "Your future depends on what you do in the present. You will really watch yourself", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00039-00018178-00018570": "So if you like don't like what you are having right now", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00040-00018593-00018961": "You need to change to see if you don't like what you want right now", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00041-00018973-00019371": "You need to change the position because you another tray. So if", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00042-00019457-00019671": "you like it you need to have like", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00043-00019805-00020160": "Things from wise people like thoughts or ideas", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00044-00020267-00020736": "About the world or our generation. There is a a wise man", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00045-00020855-00021041": "his name is", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00046-00021041-00021535": "Satguru see you can go on youtube your lesson. He's going to talk to you about your health", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00047-00021535-00022038": "It's great to talk to about your body. It's great touch about a lot of things that can help you improve yourself", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00048-00022067-00022539": "Let's see. So do not waste your time but learn something read books", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00049-00022540-00022876": "You see because through books we can find a lot of knowledge", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00050-00022876-00023670": "And also if you are a Christian, this is very important. If you're a Christian and you really need to get closer to God", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00051-00023722-00023922": "to have a a very", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00052-00023981-00024104": "intimate", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00053-00024104-00024227": "relationship with God", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00054-00024227-00024793": "There are two American pastures one has already passed away and I'm fearing a server", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00055-00024793-00024992": "That is name is David Wilkerson", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00056-00024992-00025192": "He is a very great pastor", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00057-00025199-00025920": "With motivational speeches already and the second one is poor watch we can listen to for washer or you can listen to David Wilkerson", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00058-00025976-00026262": "Listen to their sermons. They are going to help you", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00059-00026279-00026793": "Try not understand them read the Bible see profit at this time to get closer to God", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00060-00026839-00027088": "and if you like somebody wants to", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00061-00027242-00027795": "Wants to learn like how to create a game or to create a webpage for a son or Facebook", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00062-00027795-00028282": "You want to create a website? So I'm going to provide you two websites", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00063-00028343-00028912": "There is one which is not purple that come and there is another one you see the w3schools", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00064-00028943-00029727": "calm these two websites if you want to learn things about HTML or if for to learn things but CSS CSS, or", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00065-00029825-00030220": "JavaScript these things. They are going to be very helpful to you. So guys, please", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00066-00030344-00030958": "Get yourself ready for your future get yourself ready for your future build your future", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00067-00031001-00031227": "Because come rain come shine what you do today?", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00068-00031243-00031813": "It's what you work to see to marvelous e so learn and improve yourself and improve", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00069-00031886-00032389": "the way that you are living so follow these tips listen to these people and", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00070-00032416-00032823": "See how much it's going to have to break great changes to your life", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00071-00032852-00033204": "So thank you so much for listening and remember to subscribe to the page", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00072-00033247-00033804": "Subscribe and most prisons are like button because I'm sure that you're going to like this video. It was my pleasure", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00073-00033826-00034377": "I am going to always be here helping you guys. Thank you so much. Goodbye. God bless you", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00074-00034484-00034975": "And now this is your opportunity to participate in one of my videos in my next video", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00075-00034975-00035226": "So I am going to give you four words for", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00076-00035282-00035880": "Vocabulary words. So all you will have to do is your great to give you the definitions of this words in the comments", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00077-00035888-00036508": "so if you give me the correct definition, so what I'm going to do, I'm going to reach out to you and", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00078-00036575-00036775": "Ask you to give me a short video", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00079-00036812-00037483": "You see and I'm going to add that to my to my video. So now get ready. The first word is", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00080-00037605-00037739": "convenient", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00081-00037739-00038266": "The second word is Coronel Agnes. It's not my favorite, but it sounds interesting", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00082-00038366-00038566": "the third word is", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00083-00038633-00038833": "antisocial nearing and", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00084-00038897-00039235": "The last one is social distancing zombies", "ioU-xl4b1-0-00085-00039269-00039898": "So give me the definitions and I reach out to you to give me the video. So, thank you. Goodbye"}}, {"audio_id": "i04MX02eGTg", "text": {"i04MX02eGTg-00000-00003322-00003517": "Buster, aka Joseph Frank Keaton", "i04MX02eGTg-00001-00003517-00003726": "is Charlie Chaplin's main rival in the fight", "i04MX02eGTg-00002-00003726-00003953": "for the title of the best silent film comedian,", "i04MX02eGTg-00003-00004180-00004350": "no less respected by film critics,", "i04MX02eGTg-00004-00004350-00004666": "but, alas, much less known to the modern audience.", "i04MX02eGTg-00005-00004712-00004975": "Keaton is famous for his refusal to smile,", "i04MX02eGTg-00006-00004975-00005175": "not only on the screen, but on any camera", "i04MX02eGTg-00007-00005175-00005341": "and in public as well.", "i04MX02eGTg-00008-00005385-00005487": "Like Chaplin,", "i04MX02eGTg-00009-00005487-00005799": "Keaton was not only one of the best directors and actors of his time,", "i04MX02eGTg-00010-00005799-00006053": "but also a writer, gagman -", "i04MX02eGTg-00011-00006053-00006277": "and even editor of all his films.", "i04MX02eGTg-00012-00006367-00006653": "In addition, Keaton took a place in the history of cinema", "i04MX02eGTg-00013-00006653-00006956": "by staging and performing incredible stunts,", "i04MX02eGTg-00014-00006956-00007208": "which still blow the imagination,", "i04MX02eGTg-00015-00007208-00007444": "and in which he didn’t use any stunt doubles...", "i04MX02eGTg-00016-00007535-00007730": "Or did he? (We will tell you!)", "i04MX02eGTg-00017-00007730-00007930": "STUNTMEN IN THE EARLY CINEMA", "i04MX02eGTg-00018-00008013-00008308": "Sometimes Keaton is mistakenly called the \"first stuntman\".", "i04MX02eGTg-00019-00008308-00008582": "This profession originated almost simultaneously with the cinema itself,", "i04MX02eGTg-00020-00008582-00008898": "although at first the stuntmen were just volunteers from the extras.", "i04MX02eGTg-00021-00008898-00009028": "- Who wants to work?", "i04MX02eGTg-00022-00009028-00009093": "- I want!", "i04MX02eGTg-00023-00009093-00009180": "- Wait.", "i04MX02eGTg-00024-00009293-00009440": "The first known stuntman,", "i04MX02eGTg-00025-00009440-00009672": "hired to perform a dangerous stunt in the movie,", "i04MX02eGTg-00026-00009672-00009832": "was Frank Hanaway -", "i04MX02eGTg-00027-00009832-00010069": "he played a bandit who fell from a horse", "i04MX02eGTg-00028-00010069-00010269": "in \"The Great Train Robbery\" (1903).", "i04MX02eGTg-00029-00010283-00010483": "The professional careers of stuntmen were short-lived -", "i04MX02eGTg-00030-00010483-00010689": "in about five years they either were injured", "i04MX02eGTg-00031-00010689-00010878": "so that they could not work any further,", "i04MX02eGTg-00032-00010878-00011058": "or earned enough money", "i04MX02eGTg-00033-00011058-00011267": "to find a quieter business.", "i04MX02eGTg-00034-00011290-00011612": "Every year in Hollywood several people died on the set,", "i04MX02eGTg-00035-00011612-00011785": "and hundreds were injured.", "i04MX02eGTg-00036-00011837-00012037": "HIS OWN STUNTMAN", "i04MX02eGTg-00037-00012079-00012315": "So it's not surprising that Keaton became, apparently,", "i04MX02eGTg-00038-00012315-00012561": "the only one of the big movie stars of the 1920s,", "i04MX02eGTg-00039-00012561-00012812": "who executed all of the stunts in his films himself.", "i04MX02eGTg-00040-00012833-00013033": "Buster started performing at the age of three,", "i04MX02eGTg-00041-00013033-00013543": "and by five he had become a real star of the family comic knockabout act,", "i04MX02eGTg-00042-00013565-00013854": "in which his father threw the kid around the stage, into the scenery", "i04MX02eGTg-00043-00013854-00014013": "and sometimes even into the audience -", "i04MX02eGTg-00044-00014013-00014379": "for the convenience of throwing, a handle was sewn to his jacket.", "i04MX02eGTg-00045-00014441-00014763": "By the age of 21, when Keaton got into the cinema for the first time,", "i04MX02eGTg-00046-00014763-00014943": "such a long-term training", "i04MX02eGTg-00047-00014943-00015362": "made him one of the most brilliant acrobats and athletes of the screen,", "i04MX02eGTg-00048-00015362-00015670": "and his natural fearlessness along with amazing endurance", "i04MX02eGTg-00049-00015670-00015975": "earned him a nickname from the employees of his own studio,", "i04MX02eGTg-00050-00015975-00016181": "which Buster was obviously proud of:", "i04MX02eGTg-00051-00016181-00016368": "\"The Little Iron Man\".", "i04MX02eGTg-00052-00016451-00016595": "Baseball player Ernie Orsatti,", "i04MX02eGTg-00053-00016595-00016811": "who worked for Keaton as a prop man for many years,", "i04MX02eGTg-00054-00016811-00017052": "and whom the press sometimes called Buster’s double,", "i04MX02eGTg-00055-00017052-00017231": "said in an interview:", "i04MX02eGTg-00056-00017231-00017508": "\"I am not, and never have been the double for Buster Keaton,", "i04MX02eGTg-00057-00017508-00017721": "because Buster never had a double.", "i04MX02eGTg-00058-00017737-00018000": "Keaton is the greatest stuntman in motion pictures today,", "i04MX02eGTg-00059-00018000-00018465": "and no stunt is too dangerous or too difficult for him to attempt.\"", "i04MX02eGTg-00060-00018537-00018888": "One of the best stuntmen in Hollywood, Harvey Parry, recalled:", "i04MX02eGTg-00061-00018888-00019156": "\"I don't believe I could attempt them like he wanted them.", "i04MX02eGTg-00062-00019156-00019297": "He knew what he wanted.", "i04MX02eGTg-00063-00019297-00019568": "He just didn't slip and fall down,", "i04MX02eGTg-00064-00019568-00019843": "he did a lot of things before he fell down, you know!", "i04MX02eGTg-00065-00019843-00020091": "You cant't double guy like that, doing own things.\"", "i04MX02eGTg-00066-00020266-00020466": "Keaton began his screen career in 1917,", "i04MX02eGTg-00067-00020466-00020839": "at the studio of the famous comedian Roscoe Arbuckle,", "i04MX02eGTg-00068-00020839-00021000": "and during his apprenticeship,", "i04MX02eGTg-00069-00021000-00021199": "he not only performed his own stunts,", "i04MX02eGTg-00070-00021199-00021395": "but was also often stuntman for others,", "i04MX02eGTg-00071-00021395-00021640": "replacing even girls in dangerous scenes.", "i04MX02eGTg-00072-00021724-00022129": "For example, in this shot Buster flies out of the boat instead of Alice Mann,", "i04MX02eGTg-00073-00022129-00022588": "and here he (most likely) makes a high-dive instead of Alice Lake.", "i04MX02eGTg-00074-00022604-00022849": "Here Buster jumps from a horse-drawn carriage", "i04MX02eGTg-00075-00022849-00023003": "to a horse instead of a coachman,", "i04MX02eGTg-00076-00023003-00023079": "and here -", "i04MX02eGTg-00077-00023079-00023416": "packed in pillows, he makes a risky fall from the slope", "i04MX02eGTg-00078-00023416-00023571": "instead of Roscoe himself.", "i04MX02eGTg-00079-00023726-00024182": "But Keaton performed much more complex and risky things after", "i04MX02eGTg-00080-00024182-00024477": "he got his own studio in 1920", "i04MX02eGTg-00081-00024477-00024751": "and began to create independently.", "i04MX02eGTg-00082-00024838-00025133": "We tried to select 10 of the most impressive stunts", "i04MX02eGTg-00083-00025133-00025281": "with Buster’s own comments", "i04MX02eGTg-00084-00025281-00025541": "about how they were made.", "i04MX02eGTg-00085-00025604-00025949": "BUSTER KEATON'S TOP 10 STUNTS", "i04MX02eGTg-00086-00026054-00026254": "JUMP FROM ONE ROOF TO ANOTHER \"Three Ages\" (1923)", "i04MX02eGTg-00087-00026287-00026672": "Not all stunts turned out exactly as intended.", "i04MX02eGTg-00088-00026672-00027025": "The most spectacular scene from Keaton's first feature film, \"Three Ages\",", "i04MX02eGTg-00089-00027025-00027213": "arose because of an accident.", "i04MX02eGTg-00090-00027277-00027544": "K.: \"We built the sets over the Broadway tunnel,", "i04MX02eGTg-00091-00027544-00027692": "looking right down over Los Angeles.", "i04MX02eGTg-00092-00027692-00027995": "By getting cameras up and shooting past our set", "i04MX02eGTg-00093-00027995-00028183": "in the foreground with the street below,", "i04MX02eGTg-00094-00028183-00028541": "it looked like we were up in the air about 12-14 stories high.", "i04MX02eGTg-00095-00028541-00028833": "We actually had a net stretched from one wall to the other", "i04MX02eGTg-00096-00028833-00028990": "underneath the camera line,", "i04MX02eGTg-00097-00028990-00029162": "although it was about a thirty-five foot drop.", "i04MX02eGTg-00098-00029216-00029541": "I took the lid of a skylight and laid it over the edge of the roof", "i04MX02eGTg-00099-00029541-00029680": "to use as a springboard.", "i04MX02eGTg-00100-00029747-00030098": "I backed up, hit it, and tried to make it to the other side.", "i04MX02eGTg-00101-00030098-00030428": "I misjudged the spring of that board and I didn't make it.", "i04MX02eGTg-00102-00030428-00030556": "[~2.5 Keatons = ~13.5 feet]", "i04MX02eGTg-00103-00030556-00030796": "I later realized if I had made it,", "i04MX02eGTg-00104-00030796-00031077": "I would have broken the world's broad jump record.", "i04MX02eGTg-00105-00031077-00031266": "[Record was about 12.23 feet]", "i04MX02eGTg-00106-00031294-00031613": "I hit flat up against that other set and fell to the net,", "i04MX02eGTg-00107-00031613-00031800": "but I hit hard enough that it jammed", "i04MX02eGTg-00108-00031800-00032029": "my knees a little bit, and hips and elbows.", "i04MX02eGTg-00109-00032029-00032342": "I had to go home and stay in bed for about three days.", "i04MX02eGTg-00110-00032342-00032641": "Boys the next day went into the projecting room,", "i04MX02eGTg-00111-00032641-00032865": "saw the scene and got a thrill out of it,", "i04MX02eGTg-00112-00032865-00033085": "so they came back and told me about it.", "i04MX02eGTg-00113-00033144-00033237": "Says,", "i04MX02eGTg-00114-00033237-00033509": "\"The best thing to do is to put an awning on a window,", "i04MX02eGTg-00115-00033509-00033627": "a little small awning,", "i04MX02eGTg-00116-00033627-00033810": "just enough to break my fall.\"", "i04MX02eGTg-00117-00033890-00034275": "Well... it was the biggest laughing sequence in the picture”.", "i04MX02eGTg-00118-00034946-00035180": "TRUCKEE RAPIDS \"Our Hospitality\" (1923)", "i04MX02eGTg-00119-00035261-00035643": "A scene from Keaton's second feature film \"Our Hospitality\"", "i04MX02eGTg-00120-00035643-00035937": "was filmed on the real rapids of the Truckee River in Nevada,", "i04MX02eGTg-00121-00035974-00036191": "but at first it didn't promise any particular dangers.", "i04MX02eGTg-00122-00036191-00036583": "K.: \"Gabouri put a wire around the log, ran it out about sixty feet,", "i04MX02eGTg-00123-00036583-00036980": "and anchored it tightly around a baseball bat, three men were holding that bat.", "i04MX02eGTg-00124-00036980-00037220": "The idea was to shoot this close up,", "i04MX02eGTg-00125-00037220-00037436": "while they keep me from getting swept away.", "i04MX02eGTg-00126-00037436-00037717": "Fine, we're shooting, then the wire goes pop, and — bang! —", "i04MX02eGTg-00127-00037717-00038058": "the log and I are in the rapids, and off to hell we go.", "i04MX02eGTg-00128-00038058-00038271": "I'm hitting boulders with my hipbones and knees,", "i04MX02eGTg-00129-00038271-00038452": "and a couple I hit so hard on my chest", "i04MX02eGTg-00130-00038452-00038722": "that I go clear up out of the water and over.", "i04MX02eGTg-00131-00038756-00039145": "It starts to quiet down, and I think, I've made it!", "i04MX02eGTg-00132-00039178-00039425": "Then suddenly I’m in foam a foot deep.", "i04MX02eGTg-00133-00039425-00039816": "You don't breathe very well in foam, and you can't swim on top of it.", "i04MX02eGTg-00134-00039816-00040044": "It was a bend in the river that saved me.", "i04MX02eGTg-00135-00040044-00040439": "I grabbed some overhanging branches, pulled myself out.”", "i04MX02eGTg-00136-00040558-00040840": "The first thing Keaton asked when he was found", "i04MX02eGTg-00137-00040840-00041070": "was whether the cameramen managed to film it?", "i04MX02eGTg-00138-00041070-00041475": "He demanded of them to shoot any incident that could happen on the set,", "i04MX02eGTg-00139-00041516-00041812": "so the real shots, in which he is carried away by the stream,", "i04MX02eGTg-00140-00041812-00041936": "were included in the finished film.", "i04MX02eGTg-00141-00042112-00042312": "THE WATERFALL RESQUE \"Our Hospitality\" (1923)", "i04MX02eGTg-00142-00042346-00042546": "The waterfall here looks so convincing,", "i04MX02eGTg-00143-00042546-00042856": "that for a long time the scene was considered to be shot on location.", "i04MX02eGTg-00144-00042904-00043232": "In fact, the waterfall was built over the pool of a large studio", "i04MX02eGTg-00145-00043232-00043396": "next door to Keaton's one,", "i04MX02eGTg-00146-00043396-00043627": "along with a detailed miniature of a distant forest", "i04MX02eGTg-00147-00043627-00043833": "in the background to create perspective.", "i04MX02eGTg-00148-00043833-00044044": "In the shot where Buster catches Natalie,", "i04MX02eGTg-00149-00044044-00044221": "she is replaced by a dummy, f 151 00:07:22,216 --> 00:07:24,267 and when he lets her go — by a stuntman [Harvey Parry],", "i04MX02eGTg-00150-00044426-00044696": "but there is nothing fake in the stunt itself.", "i04MX02eGTg-00151-00044696-00045068": "K: \"The set was built over a pool, and we put up four 8\" water pipes", "i04MX02eGTg-00152-00045068-00045361": "with big pumps to carry the water up from the pool.", "i04MX02eGTg-00153-00045361-00045564": "That fall was about six inches deep.", "i04MX02eGTg-00154-00045612-00045827": "A couple of times I swung out underneath and", "i04MX02eGTg-00155-00045827-00046058": "dropped upside down when I caught her.", "i04MX02eGTg-00156-00046058-00046287": "I had to go down to the doctor right there and then.", "i04MX02eGTg-00157-00046287-00046536": "They pumped out my ears and nostrils and drained me,", "i04MX02eGTg-00158-00046536-00046767": "because when a full volume of water comes down and hits you", "i04MX02eGTg-00159-00046767-00046907": "and you're upside down —", "i04MX02eGTg-00160-00046907-00047075": "then you really get it.\"", "i04MX02eGTg-00161-00047154-00047338": "I think I got it on the third take.", "i04MX02eGTg-00162-00047338-00047669": "I missed the first two, but the third one I got it.\"", "i04MX02eGTg-00163-00047870-00048070": "RIDING THE HANDLEBAR \"Sherlock Jr.\" (1924)", "i04MX02eGTg-00164-00048191-00048408": "In Keaton's third film \"Sherlock Jr.\",", "i04MX02eGTg-00165-00048408-00048775": "there is a classic scene of riding a motorcycle handlebar, which", "i04MX02eGTg-00166-00048775-00049012": "has been copied by some of his contemporaries", "i04MX02eGTg-00167-00049012-00049312": "and even included in the Soviet film \"Hello, I'm your aunt\" (1975)", "i04MX02eGTg-00168-00049345-00049721": "\"I was to be riding the handlebars with a friend, who was driving,", "i04MX02eGTg-00169-00049721-00049901": "when we hit a bump which knocks him off.", "i04MX02eGTg-00170-00049901-00050082": "[Keaton himself doubled for the falling \"cop\" here]", "i04MX02eGTg-00171-00050082-00050256": "I continue on through Los Angeles traffic,", "i04MX02eGTg-00172-00050256-00050434": "not knowing the driver has been spilled,", "i04MX02eGTg-00173-00050434-00050651": "but actually driving the motorcycle myself.", "i04MX02eGTg-00174-00050670-00050810": "[It is a] hell of a job.", "i04MX02eGTg-00175-00050810-00051042": "The control of the gas is on the handlebars for speed,", "i04MX02eGTg-00176-00051042-00051173": "but I've got no brakes.", "i04MX02eGTg-00177-00051216-00051591": "I got some beautiful spills, some beauties!", "i04MX02eGTg-00178-00051591-00051850": "One part of the scene showed me driving along a city street,", "i04MX02eGTg-00179-00051850-00052084": "where laborers were digging a ditch and tossing out dirt.", "i04MX02eGTg-00180-00052084-00052299": "Ernie Orsatti threw a shovel of packed sawdust", "i04MX02eGTg-00181-00052299-00052454": "and hit me in the face, blinding me.", "i04MX02eGTg-00182-00052454-00052680": "I hit both cameras, breaking them to pieces,", "i04MX02eGTg-00183-00052680-00052872": "scattered the extra people and finally", "i04MX02eGTg-00184-00052872-00052982": "collided with an automobile,", "i04MX02eGTg-00185-00052982-00053135": "but was not seriously injured.\"", "i04MX02eGTg-00186-00053231-00053431": "WATER TOWER STUNT \"Sherlock Jr.\" (1924)", "i04MX02eGTg-00187-00053462-00053662": "Another scene from \"Sherlock Jr.\"", "i04MX02eGTg-00188-00053662-00053855": "became famous for causing Keaton", "i04MX02eGTg-00189-00053855-00054105": "the most serious injury of his career;", "i04MX02eGTg-00190-00054105-00054307": "however, he did not notice it.", "i04MX02eGTg-00191-00054378-00054855": "He wanted to descend from the roof of a train using a water tower spout.", "i04MX02eGTg-00192-00054855-00055056": "K.: \"That volume of water hit me so hard,", "i04MX02eGTg-00193-00055056-00055270": "it just tore my hands loose from the rope", "i04MX02eGTg-00194-00055270-00055386": "and I fell.", "i04MX02eGTg-00195-00055386-00055583": "And when I fell, I lit on the track,", "i04MX02eGTg-00196-00055583-00055775": "my head fell right across the rail.", "i04MX02eGTg-00197-00055819-00056019": "I had a headache for a few hours.", "i04MX02eGTg-00198-00056064-00056212": "I went into Mildred Harris's house —", "i04MX02eGTg-00199-00056212-00056382": "Charlie Chaplin's first wife —", "i04MX02eGTg-00200-00056382-00056596": "and she gave me a couple of stiff drinks,", "i04MX02eGTg-00201-00056596-00056979": "during Prohibition, when you couldn't just stop anyplace to get a drink.", "i04MX02eGTg-00202-00056979-00057167": "So, that numbed me enough", "i04MX02eGTg-00203-00057167-00057449": "that I woke up the following morning, my head was clear,", "i04MX02eGTg-00204-00057449-00057663": "and I never stopped working.", "i04MX02eGTg-00205-00057663-00058005": "But years later, I'm in the [Veterans Hospital] in Sawtelle,", "i04MX02eGTg-00206-00058005-00058173": "The doctor calls me in and says,", "i04MX02eGTg-00207-00058173-00058307": "\"When did you break your neck?", "i04MX02eGTg-00208-00058307-00058510": "Look at this X-ray, callus has grown over the crack,", "i04MX02eGTg-00209-00058510-00058664": "next to the top vertebra.", "i04MX02eGTg-00210-00058664-00058968": "That looks like it could be between 10 and 15 years ago.\"", "i04MX02eGTg-00211-00058968-00059168": "Well, that's luck.\"", "i04MX02eGTg-00212-00059370-00059570": "UNDERWATER FILMING \"The Navigator\" (1924)", "i04MX02eGTg-00213-00059662-00059929": "For his fourth feature film \"The Navigator,\"", "i04MX02eGTg-00214-00059929-00060207": "Keaton wanted to use authentic underwater filming,", "i04MX02eGTg-00215-00060207-00060542": "which was rare in cinema in general and unique for a comedy.", "i04MX02eGTg-00216-00060619-00060956": "The idea had apparently come to him two years earlier.", "i04MX02eGTg-00217-00060956-00061326": "Since the mid-1910s, the Williamson brothers,", "i04MX02eGTg-00218-00061326-00061564": "inventors of the \"photosphere\",", "i04MX02eGTg-00219-00061564-00061712": "had been filming underwater.", "i04MX02eGTg-00220-00061739-00062022": "But more often studios resorted to less expensive and complex \"dry\" ways", "i04MX02eGTg-00221-00062022-00062363": "of creating the illusion, that something takes of place underwater.", "i04MX02eGTg-00222-00062363-00062596": "Keaton was not satisfied with such tricks.", "i04MX02eGTg-00223-00062665-00063025": "At first, he tried to shoot the scenes in the city's public pool,", "i04MX02eGTg-00224-00063025-00063196": "deepening it to 20 feet,", "i04MX02eGTg-00225-00063196-00063496": "but it suddenly cracked, unable to withstand the weight of the water.", "i04MX02eGTg-00226-00063548-00063839": "Eventually, the scenes were filmed on Lake Tahoe, Nevada.", "i04MX02eGTg-00227-00063839-00064102": "The shooting was conducted at a depth of about 20 feets.", "i04MX02eGTg-00228-00064102-00064478": "Keaton himself went underwater in a 200-pounds diving suit,", "i04MX02eGTg-00229-00064478-00064726": "and to ensure the viewer would not doubt it was really him,", "i04MX02eGTg-00230-00064726-00065018": "they made him a special helmet with a glass window that revealed his full face.", "i04MX02eGTg-00231-00065066-00065363": "The air was pumped to the suit through a hose from a platform,", "i04MX02eGTg-00232-00065363-00065563": "and this system was not so safe.", "i04MX02eGTg-00233-00065692-00065954": "\"We built this camera box out of planks for two cameras,", "i04MX02eGTg-00234-00065954-00066191": "with a big iron passage up to the top with a ladder.", "i04MX02eGTg-00235-00066191-00066559": "The water in Tahoe was so clear you could really see,", "i04MX02eGTg-00236-00066559-00066971": "but so cold that I could only stay down about 30 minutes at a time,", "i04MX02eGTg-00237-00066971-00067101": "as long as I could stay down.", "i04MX02eGTg-00238-00067101-00067255": "It'd go right through you.", "i04MX02eGTg-00239-00067255-00067509": "I was one month up there shooting that sequence.\"", "i04MX02eGTg-00240-00067575-00067775": "AVALANCHE \"Seven Chances\" (1925)", "i04MX02eGTg-00241-00067800-00068080": "His fifth feature film, \"Seven Chances\",", "i04MX02eGTg-00242-00068080-00068297": "was not Keaton's favorite at all,", "i04MX02eGTg-00243-00068297-00068598": "despite the surreal chase through the streets of Los Angeles,", "i04MX02eGTg-00244-00068598-00068765": "involving 500 brides,", "i04MX02eGTg-00245-00068765-00069051": "This was because his producer imposed the script on him.", "i04MX02eGTg-00246-00069051-00069314": "He only really loved he closing sequence, involving an avalanche of stones.", "i04MX02eGTg-00247-00069314-00069468": "\"I was coming down the side of the hill,", "i04MX02eGTg-00248-00069468-00069665": "and there were some boulder rocks,", "i04MX02eGTg-00249-00069665-00069907": "and I hit one accidentally, sliding down that hill.", "i04MX02eGTg-00250-00069907-00070229": "I looked behind me, and here come three boulder rocks", "i04MX02eGTg-00251-00070229-00070516": "about the size of bowling-alley balls coming at me.", "i04MX02eGTg-00252-00070516-00070741": "I actually had to scram to get away from them.", "i04MX02eGTg-00253-00070741-00070914": "This was only the one scene, but at the preview", "i04MX02eGTg-00254-00070914-00071204": "the audience sat up in seats and they were ready.", "i04MX02eGTg-00255-00071204-00071400": "I says, \"Oh, that's all we need.\"", "i04MX02eGTg-00256-00071400-00071559": "We built fifteen hundred rocks,", "i04MX02eGTg-00257-00071559-00071760": "starting from grapefruit-size", "i04MX02eGTg-00258-00071760-00072029": "up to one was 8-foot in diameter, weighed 400 lbs.", "i04MX02eGTg-00259-00072029-00072372": "We spotted one of those big barren mountains with these rocks,", "i04MX02eGTg-00260-00072372-00072571": "and then I went up there and got started.", "i04MX02eGTg-00261-00072600-00072780": "At least I was working with paper mache,", "i04MX02eGTg-00262-00072780-00073009": "although by the time you built the framework, it weighs something,", "i04MX02eGTg-00263-00073009-00073213": "but you could get hit with them all right.", "i04MX02eGTg-00264-00073233-00073513": "Well, I got into the middle of the rock chase,", "i04MX02eGTg-00265-00073513-00073663": "and it saved the picture for me,", "i04MX02eGTg-00266-00073663-00073881": "and that was an accident.", "i04MX02eGTg-00267-00073913-00074074": "It hadn't been framed.\"", "i04MX02eGTg-00268-00074192-00074392": "SCENE WITH SLEEPERS \"The General (1926)", "i04MX02eGTg-00269-00074486-00074854": "In his most famous, most ambitious and favorite movie, \"The General\",", "i04MX02eGTg-00270-00074854-00075100": "Buster does something dangerous almost all the time.", "i04MX02eGTg-00271-00075135-00075554": "He shoots a ball from a huge real cannon into his cabin on the move,", "i04MX02eGTg-00272-00075554-00075734": "jumps through a burning bridge", "i04MX02eGTg-00273-00075734-00075931": "and runs along trains as if along the street.", "i04MX02eGTg-00274-00075986-00076186": "But one stunt here is particularly impressive.", "i04MX02eGTg-00275-00076274-00076632": "Johnnie Gray, seeing a stuck railroad tie blocking the way,", "i04MX02eGTg-00276-00076632-00076819": "pulls it right out from under the nose", "i04MX02eGTg-00277-00076819-00077075": "of a slowly approaching heavy locomotive,", "i04MX02eGTg-00278-00077075-00077400": "which would not be easy to stop if something went wrong.", "i04MX02eGTg-00279-00077510-00077851": "But as soon as he manages to more or less cope with one railroad tie", "i04MX02eGTg-00280-00077851-00078058": "another one is immediately found on the tracks,", "i04MX02eGTg-00281-00078058-00078442": "and Johnnie instantly knocks down the second tie using the first one.", "i04MX02eGTg-00282-00078528-00078728": "The stunt, however, has one secret.", "i04MX02eGTg-00283-00078795-00078976": "- The complete secret of the organization!", "i04MX02eGTg-00284-00078976-00079049": "- Warning!", "i04MX02eGTg-00285-00079125-00079331": "The ties in the movie are actually props.", "i04MX02eGTg-00286-00079331-00079596": "By enlarging the frame, we can see rivets on the tie.", "i04MX02eGTg-00287-00079708-00080001": "Buster weighed about 140 lbs,", "i04MX02eGTg-00288-00080001-00080157": "and a real wooden rairoad tie —", "i04MX02eGTg-00289-00080157-00080273": "about 200 lbs,", "i04MX02eGTg-00290-00080287-00080466": "so it would be slightly difficult", "i04MX02eGTg-00291-00080466-00080639": "to use them for such a stunt.", "i04MX02eGTg-00292-00080669-00080855": "\"That one, where one railroad tie hits the other one -", "i04MX02eGTg-00293-00080855-00081173": "one of those, where people [started gasping instead of laughing].", "i04MX02eGTg-00294-00081173-00081357": "A one-take shot.\"", "i04MX02eGTg-00295-00081445-00081593": "RIDING THE CRANKSHAFT \"The general\" (1926)", "i04MX02eGTg-00296-00081695-00081869": "But the most dangerous stunts", "i04MX02eGTg-00297-00081869-00082233": "required Buster not athletic or acrobatic skills,", "i04MX02eGTg-00298-00082233-00082523": "but nerves of steel and the ability to remain motionless.", "i04MX02eGTg-00299-00082554-00082754": "When Annabelle rejects Johnnie Gray,", "i04MX02eGTg-00300-00082754-00083128": "he, totally devastated, sits down on the crankshaft of his locomotive.", "i04MX02eGTg-00301-00083164-00083364": "And then the train suddenly starts moving,", "i04MX02eGTg-00302-00083364-00083643": "driving into the tunnel with an absent-minded Johnnie.", "i04MX02eGTg-00303-00083889-00084214": "\"I was running the engine myself all through the picture:", "i04MX02eGTg-00304-00084214-00084402": "I could handle that thing so well", "i04MX02eGTg-00305-00084402-00084604": "I was stopping it on a dime.", "i04MX02eGTg-00306-00084642-00084842": "But when it came to this shot,", "i04MX02eGTg-00307-00084842-00084947": "I asked the engineer", "i04MX02eGTg-00308-00084947-00085084": "whether we could do it.", "i04MX02eGTg-00309-00085084-00085248": "He said:", "i04MX02eGTg-00310-00085248-00085440": "\"There's only one danger.", "i04MX02eGTg-00311-00085440-00085607": "A fraction too much steam -", "i04MX02eGTg-00312-00085607-00085800": "and the wheel spins.", "i04MX02eGTg-00313-00085800-00086081": "And if it spins it will kill you then and there.\"", "i04MX02eGTg-00314-00086192-00086399": "We tried it 4 or 5 times, and in the end the engineer", "i04MX02eGTg-00315-00086399-00086586": "was satisfied that he could handle it.", "i04MX02eGTg-00316-00086586-00086773": "So we went ahead and did it.\"", "i04MX02eGTg-00317-00087234-00087434": "FALLING FACADE \"Steamboat Bill Jr.\" (1928)", "i04MX02eGTg-00318-00087543-00087832": "Keaton's most dangerous and most famous stunt", "i04MX02eGTg-00319-00087832-00088067": "appears in his latest independent film,", "i04MX02eGTg-00320-00088067-00088236": "\"Steamboat Bill Jr.\"", "i04MX02eGTg-00321-00088290-00088490": "The film is pumped with an epic scene", "i04MX02eGTg-00322-00088490-00088644": "of the destruction of the city by a hurricane,", "i04MX02eGTg-00323-00088644-00088931": "for which 6 aircraft engines were used,", "i04MX02eGTg-00324-00088931-00089220": "so powerful that one day they blew a truck into the river.", "i04MX02eGTg-00325-00089294-00089415": "During a hurricane,", "i04MX02eGTg-00326-00089415-00089629": "the facade of a building collapses", "i04MX02eGTg-00327-00089629-00089807": "on an unsuspecting Willie Canfield,", "i04MX02eGTg-00328-00089807-00090037": "so he only survives by a miracle.", "i04MX02eGTg-00329-00090131-00090331": "Keaton has already used this stunt:", "i04MX02eGTg-00330-00090331-00090517": "in Roscoe Arbuckle’s short film \"The Backstage\",", "i04MX02eGTg-00331-00090517-00090789": "in his own short film \"One Week\",", "i04MX02eGTg-00332-00090789-00091098": "and in miniature - in \"The Blacksmith\",", "i04MX02eGTg-00333-00091098-00091442": "but never on such a truly deadly scale.", "i04MX02eGTg-00334-00091527-00091626": "The wooden facade", "i04MX02eGTg-00335-00091626-00091846": "with a width and height of about 20 feet", "i04MX02eGTg-00336-00091846-00091982": "and weighing about 4000 lbs", "i04MX02eGTg-00337-00091982-00092182": "was fixed to the ground on hinges.", "i04MX02eGTg-00338-00092217-00092384": "K: \"We lay this framework down on the ground,", "i04MX02eGTg-00339-00092384-00092562": "and build the window around me,", "i04MX02eGTg-00340-00092562-00092851": "so that I had a clearance of 2\" on each shoulder,", "i04MX02eGTg-00341-00092851-00092996": "the top missed my head by 2\"", "i04MX02eGTg-00342-00093000-00093172": "and the bottom my heels by 2\".", "i04MX02eGTg-00343-00093172-00093396": "We mark that ground out and drive big nails", "i04MX02eGTg-00344-00093396-00093574": "where my two heels are going to be.", "i04MX02eGTg-00345-00093600-00093874": "They put the front on, painted it,", "i04MX02eGTg-00346-00093874-00094028": "and made the jagged edge", "i04MX02eGTg-00347-00094028-00094176": "where it tore away from the building.\"", "i04MX02eGTg-00348-00094200-00094315": "Four people on the roof", "i04MX02eGTg-00349-00094315-00094470": "simultaneously cut the rope,", "i04MX02eGTg-00350-00094470-00094648": "and the facade fell under the pressure of the wind", "i04MX02eGTg-00351-00094648-00094768": "and its own weight.", "i04MX02eGTg-00352-00094786-00094986": "Keaton's widow, Eleanor,", "i04MX02eGTg-00353-00094986-00095195": "said that right before the shooting, he was informed", "i04MX02eGTg-00354-00095195-00095489": "that his producer Joe Schenck was closing his studio.", "i04MX02eGTg-00355-00095501-00095673": "K: \"I was mad at the time,", "i04MX02eGTg-00356-00095673-00095849": "or I would never have done the thing.", "i04MX02eGTg-00357-00095849-00096049": "Two extra women on the side lines fainted,", "i04MX02eGTg-00358-00096049-00096218": "camera men turned their backs,", "i04MX02eGTg-00359-00096218-00096467": "and everybody on the set was frightened...", "i04MX02eGTg-00360-00096467-00096662": "But it was a great scene.\"", "i04MX02eGTg-00361-00096758-00097066": "So, are there any stunts in which Keaton was doubled?", "i04MX02eGTg-00362-00097116-00097447": "The only known one in his independent films occurred in the \"College\".", "i04MX02eGTg-00363-00097447-00097697": "After the protracted and expensive filming of \"The General\",", "i04MX02eGTg-00364-00097697-00097969": "the movie had to be made quickly and thrifty.", "i04MX02eGTg-00365-00098008-00098400": "And although Buster himself was in excellent physical shape,", "i04MX02eGTg-00366-00098400-00098664": "in this frame he is still replaced by an understudy.", "i04MX02eGTg-00367-00098786-00099078": "K.:\"There was only one occasion in which I used a double.", "i04MX02eGTg-00368-00099078-00099261": "That was when I hired Lee Barnes,", "i04MX02eGTg-00369-00099261-00099429": "the world's champion pole vaulter,", "i04MX02eGTg-00370-00099429-00099673": "to vault into a second story window.", "i04MX02eGTg-00371-00099706-00099879": "I could not do the scene,", "i04MX02eGTg-00372-00099879-00100068": "because I'm no pole vaulter", "i04MX02eGTg-00373-00100068-00100259": "and I didn't want to spend months in training", "i04MX02eGTg-00374-00100259-00100375": "to do the stunt myself.\"", "i04MX02eGTg-00375-00100623-00100981": "Although, Buster did something similar in \"Three Ages,”", "i04MX02eGTg-00376-00100981-00101257": "but there the stunt didn't require proper technique.", "i04MX02eGTg-00377-00101415-00101751": "In 1928, Keaton lost his studio", "i04MX02eGTg-00378-00101751-00101901": "and creative independence,", "i04MX02eGTg-00379-00101901-00102174": "and was forced to move to the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studio,", "i04MX02eGTg-00380-00102174-00102424": "where, as one of the highly paid stars,", "i04MX02eGTg-00381-00102424-00102691": "he was not allowed to do dangerous stunts.", "i04MX02eGTg-00382-00102718-00102952": "But even there, in the movie \"Baby Cyclone\",", "i04MX02eGTg-00383-00102952-00103310": "Buster secretly performed for his friend, Lew Cody,", "i04MX02eGTg-00384-00103310-00103471": "a dangerous fall from the stairs,", "i04MX02eGTg-00385-00103471-00103680": "receiving as much as $7.50 for it.", "i04MX02eGTg-00386-00103780-00103980": "Despite the real danger of his stunts,", "i04MX02eGTg-00387-00103980-00104294": "the only injury that put Keaton out of action for a long time", "i04MX02eGTg-00388-00104294-00104497": "was a broken ankle with a torn ligament", "i04MX02eGTg-00389-00104497-00104821": "on the set of \"Electric House\" in 1921.", "i04MX02eGTg-00390-00104848-00105000": "Buster's long shoe", "i04MX02eGTg-00391-00105000-00105124": "got stuck between the steps,", "i04MX02eGTg-00392-00105124-00105354": "and he fell from the escalator to the studio floor", "i04MX02eGTg-00393-00105354-00105500": "from a height of about 10 feets,", "i04MX02eGTg-00394-00105500-00105754": "after which he spent more than a month in the hospital.", "i04MX02eGTg-00395-00105841-00106041": "Keaton safely lived to 70 years old", "i04MX02eGTg-00396-00106041-00106387": "and died in his bed from lung cancer.", "i04MX02eGTg-00397-00106452-00106683": "From the age of 17, Buster smoked like a steam locomotive,", "i04MX02eGTg-00398-00106683-00106816": "several packs of cigarettes a day.", "i04MX02eGTg-00399-00106837-00107172": "However, he exercised and swam every day for the rest of his life,", "i04MX02eGTg-00400-00107172-00107344": "remaining in excellent physical shape,", "i04MX02eGTg-00401-00107344-00107684": "and at any age could perform acrobatic feats", "i04MX02eGTg-00402-00107684-00107882": "and risky falls.", "i04MX02eGTg-00403-00108045-00108194": "At the age of 69,", "i04MX02eGTg-00404-00108194-00108483": "Keaton starred in the Canadian short film \"The Railrodder\".", "i04MX02eGTg-00405-00108550-00108703": "Despite chronic bronchitis,", "i04MX02eGTg-00406-00108703-00109045": "he himself came out of the cold waters of the autumn Atlantic, take after take,", "i04MX02eGTg-00407-00109045-00109336": "when the whole crew wrapped up in warm clothes in the wind,", "i04MX02eGTg-00408-00109336-00109625": "and stubbornly argued with director Gerald Potterton,", "i04MX02eGTg-00409-00109625-00109847": "defending the gag with a map he invented,", "i04MX02eGTg-00410-00109847-00110108": "which everyone considered too dangerous.", "i04MX02eGTg-00411-00110698-00110898": "Potterton: \"He would get angry if you told him,", "i04MX02eGTg-00412-00110898-00111098": "that standing on one foot in a speeder", "i04MX02eGTg-00413-00111098-00111308": "crossing a bridge in the Canadian prairies,", "i04MX02eGTg-00414-00111308-00111551": "considering that the floor is slippery because of the previous scene,", "i04MX02eGTg-00415-00111551-00111715": "can be dangerous.", "i04MX02eGTg-00416-00111715-00111795": "It scared us,", "i04MX02eGTg-00417-00111795-00112087": "because he was driving at a speed of under 50 km/h,", "i04MX02eGTg-00418-00112087-00112294": "struggling with the road map and strong wind.", "i04MX02eGTg-00419-00112403-00112603": "But he was Buster Keaton,", "i04MX02eGTg-00420-00112603-00112800": "and who the hell am I", "i04MX02eGTg-00421-00112800-00113053": "to tell him what to do.\""}}, {"audio_id": "i0-KB4aSoao", "text": {"i0-KB4aSoao-00000-00000008-00000431": "something interesting to note is that", "i0-KB4aSoao-00001-00000176-00000656": "when you earn give backs the part that's", "i0-KB4aSoao-00002-00000431-00000800": "allocated to your give stream actually", "i0-KB4aSoao-00003-00000656-00000992": "gets added onto your give stream right", "i0-KB4aSoao-00004-00000800-00001216": "away so i'll go to the give backs page", "i0-KB4aSoao-00005-00000992-00001312": "and just show you a little bit closer", "i0-KB4aSoao-00006-00001216-00001463": "so", "i0-KB4aSoao-00007-00001312-00001639": "if i were to donate to a verified", "i0-KB4aSoao-00008-00001463-00001903": "project and then eventually receive give", "i0-KB4aSoao-00009-00001639-00002176": "backs as a reward for that donation i'll", "i0-KB4aSoao-00010-00001903-00002351": "have some part liquid and claimable here", "i0-KB4aSoao-00011-00002176-00002488": "and then some part which would add to my", "i0-KB4aSoao-00012-00002351-00002624": "give stream flow rate which would show", "i0-KB4aSoao-00013-00002488-00002824": "up here at the bottom", "i0-KB4aSoao-00014-00002624-00002984": "the interesting thing is that when i", "i0-KB4aSoao-00015-00002824-00003167": "click harvest i'll only be claiming the", "i0-KB4aSoao-00016-00002984-00003304": "amount going into my wallet but the", "i0-KB4aSoao-00017-00003167-00003544": "amount that's added onto my give stream", "i0-KB4aSoao-00018-00003304-00003711": "flow rate will have already been added", "i0-KB4aSoao-00019-00003544-00003839": "it would be showing up in the give", "i0-KB4aSoao-00020-00003711-00003976": "stream history table it'll have a", "i0-KB4aSoao-00021-00003839-00004128": "different icon and it'll show the", "i0-KB4aSoao-00022-00003976-00004284": "givebacks amount at the time that the", "i0-KB4aSoao-00023-00004128-00004480": "givebacks are", "i0-KB4aSoao-00024-00004284-00004720": "distributed this is different from the", "i0-KB4aSoao-00025-00004480-00004928": "gift farm", "i0-KB4aSoao-00026-00004720-00005223": "in the give farm i have to actually", "i0-KB4aSoao-00027-00004928-00005392": "click harvest rewards in order to add", "i0-KB4aSoao-00028-00005223-00005584": "the increase in my gift stream flow rate", "i0-KB4aSoao-00029-00005392-00005736": "to the gift stream flow rate until i", "i0-KB4aSoao-00030-00005584-00005928": "click harvest rewards and actually go", "i0-KB4aSoao-00031-00005736-00006119": "through with harvesting it won't show up", "i0-KB4aSoao-00032-00005928-00006455": "on my give stream history table and it", "i0-KB4aSoao-00033-00006119-00006656": "won't affect my gift stream flow rate", "i0-KB4aSoao-00034-00006455-00006936": "note that it doesn't really matter if", "i0-KB4aSoao-00035-00006656-00007072": "you harvest rewards sooner or later the", "i0-KB4aSoao-00036-00006936-00007295": "way that your good stream flow rate", "i0-KB4aSoao-00037-00007072-00007488": "changes will always be the same and the", "i0-KB4aSoao-00038-00007295-00007843": "amount of tokens you get in the end will", "i0-KB4aSoao-00039-00007488-00007843": "also be the same"}}, {"audio_id": "i0DMW9wflf4", "text": {"i0DMW9wflf4-00000-00000608-00000976": "Discover The Marine Drive Project That Will Change The Face Of Ghana.", "i0DMW9wflf4-00001-00000976-00001080": "Ghana’s Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture has launched the Marine", "i0DMW9wflf4-00002-00001080-00001688": "Drive Tourism Investment Project, a 241-acre reconstruction program of Accra’s coastline.", "i0DMW9wflf4-00003-00002184-00002712": "The project is generally based on the construction of a promenade. That is, a place where one", "i0DMW9wflf4-00004-00002712-00003224": "can take a walk for leisurely pleasure, or for exercise, especially a terrace by the seaside. The", "i0DMW9wflf4-00005-00003224-00003672": "project’s requirement, which dates back to the country’s independence 60 years ago,", "i0DMW9wflf4-00006-00003672-00003968": "called for a plan to create an iconic skyline for Accra and develop the capital’s city center into a", "i0DMW9wflf4-00007-00003968-00004808": "world-class tourism destination. The Marine Drive will also help to assist the country’s growing", "i0DMW9wflf4-00008-00004808-00005624": "cultural and creative sectors. Three civic anchors will be placed along the new public promenade,", "i0DMW9wflf4-00009-00005680-00006072": "each commemorating Ghana’s rich past. A new center piece public park honoring Ghana’s forefathers", "i0DMW9wflf4-00010-00006072-00006360": "will be located at the heart of the promenade. The promenade will run the length of the site,", "i0DMW9wflf4-00011-00006472-00006864": "connecting the capital city’s most famous buildings and providing access to the city's", "i0DMW9wflf4-00012-00006864-00007440": "beaches. This park will stretch from Independence Square to the shoreline, culminating in a coastal", "i0DMW9wflf4-00013-00007440-00007816": "overlook with broad, dramatic views across this area of the Gulf of Guinea.", "i0DMW9wflf4-00014-00007904-00008206": "Welcome to Africa Reloaded. We are going to be looking at the reasons for", "i0DMW9wflf4-00015-00008206-00008684": "the creation of the Marine Drive project and its benefits to the Ghanaians. Stay", "i0DMW9wflf4-00016-00009000-00009544": "connected as we carry on with the discovery. Ghana’s tourist industry is severely", "i0DMW9wflf4-00017-00009544-00009744": "underdeveloped, despite the country’s significant tourism growth potential. As a result,", "i0DMW9wflf4-00018-00009744-00010224": "the implementation of this project will provide the sector a much-needed boost, propelling it", "i0DMW9wflf4-00019-00010224-00010968": "to international standards. The Marine Drive project will include hotels, stores, offices,", "i0DMW9wflf4-00020-00010968-00011688": "casinos, and parking spaces once it is completed. Conference and exhibition centers, a beach soccer", "i0DMW9wflf4-00021-00011688-00012404": "pitch, a mini golf course, and an office complex for the Ministry of Tourism are among the other", "i0DMW9wflf4-00022-00012404-00012640": "amenities planned. This amount of money will turn the designated area into a business, commercial,", "i0DMW9wflf4-00023-00012640-00013256": "and tourism hub, perhaps boosting the country’s competitiveness in the West African sub-region. A", "i0DMW9wflf4-00024-00013256-00013676": "project of this magnitude has great potential that cannot be underestimated. The project is needed to", "i0DMW9wflf4-00025-00013676-00014080": "manage the impacts of the sea action since Ghana’s coastline has been subjected to storm surges,", "i0DMW9wflf4-00026-00014080-00015032": "which have steadily eroded substantial quantities of land. The Accra Central, Independence Square,", "i0DMW9wflf4-00027-00015032-00015512": "and Osu stretch of shoreline, of which the targeted area for the project is a portion,", "i0DMW9wflf4-00028-00015512-00015863": "are among the sites of Accra that are particularly vulnerable to tidal erosion.", "i0DMW9wflf4-00029-00016360-00016736": "Given the scope of the project and the susceptibility of the chosen", "i0DMW9wflf4-00030-00016736-00017312": "area, the project will embank the shoreline in order to ensure the land’s long-term preservation.", "i0DMW9wflf4-00031-00017312-00017824": "Concept of the Project. The Marine Drive Tourism Project", "i0DMW9wflf4-00032-00017824-00018264": "is the government of Ghana’s single greatest tourism investment project since independence. The", "i0DMW9wflf4-00033-00018264-00018872": "241-acre prime beachfront tourism enclave project aims to position Ghana as the most", "i0DMW9wflf4-00034-00018872-00019424": "sought-after tourist destination and destination of choice in the West African sub-region, as well", "i0DMW9wflf4-00035-00019424-00019976": "as providing work opportunities in the hospitality industry for many young Ghanaians. Basically, the", "i0DMW9wflf4-00036-00019976-00020440": "project is as follows: -Plan and develop the entire plot of land,", "i0DMW9wflf4-00037-00020624-00021272": "which spans 241 acres and stretches from the Osu Klottey Lagoon (behind the Christianborg", "i0DMW9wflf4-00038-00021272-00021512": "Castle) to the Accra Community Centre, and rezone it as a tourism enclave.", "i0DMW9wflf4-00039-00021512-00022064": "In the broad locations, the enclave will focus on four important aspects of tourism:", "i0DMW9wflf4-00040-00022064-00022440": "-Along Accra’s High Street, there’s a lot of business tourism.", "i0DMW9wflf4-00041-00022440-00022712": "-Along the seafront, there is a lot of leisure tourism.", "i0DMW9wflf4-00042-00022944-00023568": "-Existing Osu Castle, Black Star Square, Asomdwe Park, Kwame Nkrumah Mausoleum,", "i0DMW9wflf4-00043-00023568-00024032": "Arts Centre, and new performing arts facilities all contribute to cultural tourism.", "i0DMW9wflf4-00044-00024032-00024320": "-Traditional fishing and allied economic activities,", "i0DMW9wflf4-00045-00024320-00025184": "such as cottage industries and small-scale sub-urban agriculture, are examples of ecotourism.", "i0DMW9wflf4-00046-00025184-00025560": "The beachside development is expected to include items like;", "i0DMW9wflf4-00047-00025560-00025976": "-Christiansburg Castle Museum, Casino with corporate facilities,", "i0DMW9wflf4-00048-00025976-00026680": "7 hotels with an average of 400 rooms each, Health Clinic, Food Court, 3 Sports Clubs,", "i0DMW9wflf4-00049-00026680-00027304": "Amusement Park, Spa/Beauty Clinic & Massage Parlour, Shopping Mall, Jetty/Water Sports,", "i0DMW9wflf4-00050-00027304-00027848": "Cultural Village, Memorial Park, 5 Corporate offices/Banking Offices,", "i0DMW9wflf4-00051-00027848-00028216": "Conference Centre, Amphitheatre/Music Studio/, Police post and security facilities, Management", "i0DMW9wflf4-00052-00028216-00028504": "and maintenance facilities, Transportation management.", "i0DMW9wflf4-00053-00028680-00029088": "The Marine drive project aims at achieving the following goals:", "i0DMW9wflf4-00054-00029088-00029600": "-Remove non-conforming uses from the city center and re-establish a new land use", "i0DMW9wflf4-00055-00029600-00030056": "system suited for a capital city. -Intensify land usage to reflect", "i0DMW9wflf4-00056-00030056-00030608": "the high value of land while simultaneously addressing the seeming lack of land in Accra.", "i0DMW9wflf4-00057-00030608-00030839": "-Create an environment in the city center that", "i0DMW9wflf4-00058-00030839-00031176": "encourages high levels of tourism-related investment.", "i0DMW9wflf4-00059-00031176-00031583": "-Encourage people to invest in tourism and tourism-related businesses.", "i0DMW9wflf4-00060-00031639-00032088": "-Create jobs and income possibilities, especially in low-income areas.", "i0DMW9wflf4-00061-00032152-00032608": "-Create cash streams for the Osu and Ga Traditional Councils’ chiefs and people.", "i0DMW9wflf4-00062-00032664-00032976": "-Take on the difficulties of garbage and sewerage along the coast.", "i0DMW9wflf4-00063-00033480-00033912": "The project has been recognized as a Free Zones enclave, which means it will", "i0DMW9wflf4-00064-00033912-00034368": "be exempt from paying taxes and will get tax advantages and holidays. As a result,", "i0DMW9wflf4-00065-00034368-00034952": "all building materials, machinery, equipment, and services imported for the project’s construction", "i0DMW9wflf4-00066-00034952-00035504": "will be tax and duty free. The value of these duty-free and tax-free goods and services will", "i0DMW9wflf4-00067-00035504-00036176": "be turned into equity. The concept paper and objectives are self-explanatory. This project", "i0DMW9wflf4-00068-00036176-00036392": "is unquestionably necessary in Ghana. The Ghana Tourism Authority promised that building on the", "i0DMW9wflf4-00069-00036392-00037464": "Marine Drive project would start in June 2019. The delayed removal of Ministries, Departments,", "i0DMW9wflf4-00070-00037464-00037784": "and Agencies from the proposed site was blamed for the delay. Akwasi Agyemang, the Authority’s", "i0DMW9wflf4-00071-00037784-00038600": "Chief Executive Officer, told JoyBusiness that the evacuation process was 70% complete", "i0DMW9wflf4-00072-00038600-00039352": "and that work was set to begin in June of the previous two years. The World Bank-funded", "i0DMW9wflf4-00073-00039352-00039728": "project, worth $1.2 billion, cannot be allowed to collapse, especially because monies have", "i0DMW9wflf4-00074-00039728-00040144": "been set aside for it. All concerned Ghanaians who want to see this project become a reality", "i0DMW9wflf4-00075-00040224-00040784": "should back the Auditor General’s request for a refund of the cash allocated to it.", "i0DMW9wflf4-00076-00041184-00041664": "Beaches have shown to be economically beneficial to countries such as the United Arab Emirate,", "i0DMW9wflf4-00077-00041664-00042080": "the Caribbean Islands, Hawaii, and others, who have spent extensively", "i0DMW9wflf4-00078-00042080-00042228": "in comparable projects. Tourism is predicted to contribute over US 96 billion to the United", "i0DMW9wflf4-00079-00042228-00042664": "Arab Emirates economy by 2021, according to the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC),", "i0DMW9wflf4-00080-00043384-00043784": "and this figure is expected to quadruple over the next ten years. They were able", "i0DMW9wflf4-00081-00043784-00044192": "to accomplish this by making significant expenditures in their tourism business.", "i0DMW9wflf4-00082-00044192-00044672": "If this initiative and others like it in Cape Coast and other cities along Ghana’s beaches", "i0DMW9wflf4-00083-00044672-00045088": "are evolved into a comparable project, they will be able to accomplish a lot.", "i0DMW9wflf4-00084-00047088-00047400": "If you found this video interesting, do not hesitate to like, share,", "i0DMW9wflf4-00085-00047400-00048252": "subscribe and hit the notification button for more wonders of tourism."}}, {"audio_id": "i1GiL64PYqM", "text": {"i1GiL64PYqM-00000-00000010-00000060": "COAST TONIGHT, THEY CURRENTLY", "i1GiL64PYqM-00001-00000060-00000066": "COAST TONIGHT, THEY CURRENTLY", "i1GiL64PYqM-00002-00000066-00000113": "COAST TONIGHT, THEY CURRENTLY TRAIL BY SIX IN THE SECOND", "i1GiL64PYqM-00003-00000113-00000120": "COAST TONIGHT, THEY CURRENTLY TRAIL BY SIX IN THE SECOND", "i1GiL64PYqM-00004-00000120-00000430": "COAST TONIGHT, THEY CURRENTLY TRAIL BY SIX IN THE SECOND QUARTER.", "i1GiL64PYqM-00005-00000430-00000437": "TRAIL BY SIX IN THE SECOND QUARTER.", "i1GiL64PYqM-00006-00000437-00000657": "TRAIL BY SIX IN THE SECOND QUARTER. >>> TODAY WAZ SELECTION MONDAY", "i1GiL64PYqM-00007-00000657-00000663": "QUARTER. >>> TODAY WAZ SELECTION MONDAY", "i1GiL64PYqM-00008-00000663-00001044": "QUARTER. >>> TODAY WAZ SELECTION MONDAY FOR THE D-2 WOMEN'S SOCCER", "i1GiL64PYqM-00009-00001044-00001051": ">>> TODAY WAZ SELECTION MONDAY FOR THE D-2 WOMEN'S SOCCER", "i1GiL64PYqM-00010-00001051-00001084": ">>> TODAY WAZ SELECTION MONDAY FOR THE D-2 WOMEN'S SOCCER TOURNAMENT.", "i1GiL64PYqM-00011-00001084-00001091": "FOR THE D-2 WOMEN'S SOCCER TOURNAMENT.", "i1GiL64PYqM-00012-00001091-00001251": "FOR THE D-2 WOMEN'S SOCCER TOURNAMENT. THE BEAVERS GAIRD TO LEARN THEIR", "i1GiL64PYqM-00013-00001251-00001257": "TOURNAMENT. THE BEAVERS GAIRD TO LEARN THEIR", "i1GiL64PYqM-00014-00001257-00001431": "TOURNAMENT. THE BEAVERS GAIRD TO LEARN THEIR FATE AND THEY WERE AWARDED WITH", "i1GiL64PYqM-00015-00001431-00001438": "THE BEAVERS GAIRD TO LEARN THEIR FATE AND THEY WERE AWARDED WITH", "i1GiL64PYqM-00016-00001438-00001638": "THE BEAVERS GAIRD TO LEARN THEIR FATE AND THEY WERE AWARDED WITH A NUMBER TWO SEED IN THE CENTRAL", "i1GiL64PYqM-00017-00001638-00001644": "FATE AND THEY WERE AWARDED WITH A NUMBER TWO SEED IN THE CENTRAL", "i1GiL64PYqM-00018-00001644-00001671": "FATE AND THEY WERE AWARDED WITH A NUMBER TWO SEED IN THE CENTRAL REGION.", "i1GiL64PYqM-00019-00001671-00001678": "A NUMBER TWO SEED IN THE CENTRAL REGION.", "i1GiL64PYqM-00020-00001678-00001948": "A NUMBER TWO SEED IN THE CENTRAL REGION. THEY WILL HOST THE OPENING TWO", "i1GiL64PYqM-00021-00001948-00001955": "REGION. THEY WILL HOST THE OPENING TWO", "i1GiL64PYqM-00022-00001955-00002192": "REGION. THEY WILL HOST THE OPENING TWO ROUNDS, TAKING ON MINOT STATE.", "i1GiL64PYqM-00023-00002192-00002198": "THEY WILL HOST THE OPENING TWO ROUNDS, TAKING ON MINOT STATE.", "i1GiL64PYqM-00024-00002198-00002358": "THEY WILL HOST THE OPENING TWO ROUNDS, TAKING ON MINOT STATE. IT'S A BIG MOMENT FOR THE", "i1GiL64PYqM-00025-00002358-00002365": "ROUNDS, TAKING ON MINOT STATE. IT'S A BIG MOMENT FOR THE", "i1GiL64PYqM-00026-00002365-00002535": "ROUNDS, TAKING ON MINOT STATE. IT'S A BIG MOMENT FOR THE PROGRAM THAT SHOWS HOW THEIR", "i1GiL64PYqM-00027-00002535-00002542": "IT'S A BIG MOMENT FOR THE PROGRAM THAT SHOWS HOW THEIR", "i1GiL64PYqM-00028-00002542-00002832": "IT'S A BIG MOMENT FOR THE PROGRAM THAT SHOWS HOW THEIR HARD WORK IS BEING RISE", "i1GiL64PYqM-00029-00002832-00002839": "PROGRAM THAT SHOWS HOW THEIR HARD WORK IS BEING RISE", "i1GiL64PYqM-00030-00002839-00002972": "PROGRAM THAT SHOWS HOW THEIR HARD WORK IS BEING RISE RECOGNIZED ON THE NATIONAL", "i1GiL64PYqM-00031-00002972-00002979": "HARD WORK IS BEING RISE RECOGNIZED ON THE NATIONAL", "i1GiL64PYqM-00032-00002979-00003009": "HARD WORK IS BEING RISE RECOGNIZED ON THE NATIONAL STAGE.", "i1GiL64PYqM-00033-00003009-00003016": "RECOGNIZED ON THE NATIONAL STAGE.", "i1GiL64PYqM-00034-00003016-00003093": "RECOGNIZED ON THE NATIONAL STAGE. >> I THINK IT SPEAKS VOLUMES.", "i1GiL64PYqM-00035-00003093-00003099": "STAGE. >> I THINK IT SPEAKS VOLUMES.", "i1GiL64PYqM-00036-00003099-00003259": "STAGE. >> I THINK IT SPEAKS VOLUMES. IT'S NOT EASY TO COME BY, TO", "i1GiL64PYqM-00037-00003259-00003266": ">> I THINK IT SPEAKS VOLUMES. IT'S NOT EASY TO COME BY, TO", "i1GiL64PYqM-00038-00003266-00003390": ">> I THINK IT SPEAKS VOLUMES. IT'S NOT EASY TO COME BY, TO HAVE THAT TYPE OF SEASON WHERE", "i1GiL64PYqM-00039-00003390-00003396": "IT'S NOT EASY TO COME BY, TO HAVE THAT TYPE OF SEASON WHERE", "i1GiL64PYqM-00040-00003396-00003593": "IT'S NOT EASY TO COME BY, TO HAVE THAT TYPE OF SEASON WHERE YOU'RE AT HOME FOR THE OPENING", "i1GiL64PYqM-00041-00003593-00003600": "HAVE THAT TYPE OF SEASON WHERE YOU'RE AT HOME FOR THE OPENING", "i1GiL64PYqM-00042-00003600-00003626": "HAVE THAT TYPE OF SEASON WHERE YOU'RE AT HOME FOR THE OPENING ROUNDS.", "i1GiL64PYqM-00043-00003626-00003633": "YOU'RE AT HOME FOR THE OPENING ROUNDS.", "i1GiL64PYqM-00044-00003633-00003767": "YOU'RE AT HOME FOR THE OPENING ROUNDS. IT JUST SPEAKS ABOUT OUR KIDS", "i1GiL64PYqM-00045-00003767-00003773": "ROUNDS. IT JUST SPEAKS ABOUT OUR KIDS", "i1GiL64PYqM-00046-00003773-00003993": "ROUNDS. IT JUST SPEAKS ABOUT OUR KIDS AND THE LEVEL OF PLAYERS WE HAVE", "i1GiL64PYqM-00047-00003993-00004000": "IT JUST SPEAKS ABOUT OUR KIDS AND THE LEVEL OF PLAYERS WE HAVE", "i1GiL64PYqM-00048-00004000-00004194": "IT JUST SPEAKS ABOUT OUR KIDS AND THE LEVEL OF PLAYERS WE HAVE AND THE TYPE OF CHARACTER WE ARE", "i1GiL64PYqM-00049-00004194-00004200": "AND THE LEVEL OF PLAYERS WE HAVE AND THE TYPE OF CHARACTER WE ARE", "i1GiL64PYqM-00050-00004200-00004370": "AND THE LEVEL OF PLAYERS WE HAVE AND THE TYPE OF CHARACTER WE ARE ON THE ROSTER.", "i1GiL64PYqM-00051-00004370-00004377": "AND THE TYPE OF CHARACTER WE ARE ON THE ROSTER.", "i1GiL64PYqM-00052-00004377-00004454": "AND THE TYPE OF CHARACTER WE ARE ON THE ROSTER. >> A.J.: A GREAT MOMENT BEING", "i1GiL64PYqM-00053-00004454-00004461": "ON THE ROSTER. >> A.J.: A GREAT MOMENT BEING", "i1GiL64PYqM-00054-00004461-00004557": "ON THE ROSTER. >> A.J.: A GREAT MOMENT BEING ABLE TO HOST THAT.", "i1GiL64PYqM-00055-00004557-00004564": ">> A.J.: A GREAT MOMENT BEING ABLE TO HOST THAT.", "i1GiL64PYqM-00056-00004564-00004974": ">> A.J.: A GREAT MOMENT BEING ABLE TO HOST THAT. THE FIRST GAME IS ON FRIDAY.", "i1GiL64PYqM-00057-00004974-00004981": "ABLE TO HOST THAT. THE FIRST GAME IS ON FRIDAY.", "i1GiL64PYqM-00058-00004981-00005195": "ABLE TO HOST THAT. THE FIRST GAME IS ON FRIDAY. >> Dennis: AND THEY PLAY A", "i1GiL64PYqM-00059-00005195-00005201": "THE FIRST GAME IS ON FRIDAY. >> Dennis: AND THEY PLAY A", "i1GiL64PYqM-00060-00005201-00005288": "THE FIRST GAME IS ON FRIDAY. >> Dennis: AND THEY PLAY A FAMILIAR OPPONENT IN MINOT", "i1GiL64PYqM-00061-00005288-00005295": ">> Dennis: AND THEY PLAY A FAMILIAR OPPONENT IN MINOT", "i1GiL64PYqM-00062-00005295-00005321": ">> Dennis: AND THEY PLAY A FAMILIAR OPPONENT IN MINOT STATE.", "i1GiL64PYqM-00063-00005321-00005328": "FAMILIAR OPPONENT IN MINOT STATE.", "i1GiL64PYqM-00064-00005328-00005492": "FAMILIAR OPPONENT IN MINOT STATE. >> A.J.: YES, THEY BEAT THEM 3-0", "i1GiL64PYqM-00065-00005492-00005498": "STATE. >> A.J.: YES, THEY BEAT THEM 3-0", "i1GiL64PYqM-00066-00005498-00005595": "STATE. >> A.J.: YES, THEY BEAT THEM 3-0 EARLIER IN THE SEASON AND IF", "i1GiL64PYqM-00067-00005595-00005602": ">> A.J.: YES, THEY BEAT THEM 3-0 EARLIER IN THE SEASON AND IF", "i1GiL64PYqM-00068-00005602-00005829": ">> A.J.: YES, THEY BEAT THEM 3-0 EARLIER IN THE SEASON AND IF THEY GET BY THEM, THEY HAVE AN", "i1GiL64PYqM-00069-00005829-00005835": "EARLIER IN THE SEASON AND IF THEY GET BY THEM, THEY HAVE AN", "i1GiL64PYqM-00070-00005835-00005909": "EARLIER IN THE SEASON AND IF THEY GET BY THEM, THEY HAVE AN INTERESTING OPPONENT.", "i1GiL64PYqM-00071-00005909-00005915": "THEY GET BY THEM, THEY HAVE AN INTERESTING OPPONENT.", "i1GiL64PYqM-00072-00005915-00006092": "THEY GET BY THEM, THEY HAVE AN INTERESTING OPPONENT. EITHER THE DEFENDING NATIONAL", "i1GiL64PYqM-00073-00006092-00006099": "INTERESTING OPPONENT. EITHER THE DEFENDING NATIONAL", "i1GiL64PYqM-00074-00006099-00006186": "INTERESTING OPPONENT. EITHER THE DEFENDING NATIONAL CHAMPSES ON THE TEAM THAT", "i1GiL64PYqM-00075-00006186-00006192": "EITHER THE DEFENDING NATIONAL CHAMPSES ON THE TEAM THAT", "i1GiL64PYqM-00076-00006192-00006266": "EITHER THE DEFENDING NATIONAL CHAMPSES ON THE TEAM THAT KNOCKED THEM OUT OF THE", "i1GiL64PYqM-00077-00006266-00006272": "CHAMPSES ON THE TEAM THAT KNOCKED THEM OUT OF THE", "i1GiL64PYqM-00078-00006272-00006322": "CHAMPSES ON THE TEAM THAT KNOCKED THEM OUT OF THE TOURNAMENT LAST YEAR."}}, {"audio_id": "i24ud1WiiFu", "text": {"i24ud1WiiFu-00000-00000122-00000222": "Hi every one", "i24ud1WiiFu-00001-00000263-00000551": "This video I would like to introduce about", "i24ud1WiiFu-00002-00000578-00000881": "Failure code list of PC2000-8 hyadraulic excavator", "i24ud1WiiFu-00003-00000881-00001063": "Komatsu machine", "i24ud1WiiFu-00004-00001127-00001227": "Failure code lists have 3 parts video", "i24ud1WiiFu-00005-00001255-00001513": "this is part 1 video", "i24ud1WiiFu-00008-00002315-00002653": "Failure code :0410KA -> Fuel LV. Sensor Failure", "i24ud1WiiFu-00009-00002653-00002753": "(Machine monitor system)", "i24ud1WiiFu-00010-00002769-00003048": "No sensor current", "i24ud1WiiFu-00012-00003293-00003579": "Failure code :0410KB-> Fuel LV. Sensor Failure", "i24ud1WiiFu-00013-00003579-00003909": "(Machine monitor system) Sensor current flows", "i24ud1WiiFu-00014-00004052-00004291": "Failure code :6014NX -> Hydraulic Oil Filter Clogging", "i24ud1WiiFu-00015-00004729-00005049": "(or change of VHMS-LED display from n5 to 51). While engine was running, signal circuit of", "i24ud1WiiFu-00016-00005085-00005382": "hydraulic oil filter clogging sensor was opened (disconnected from GND).", "i24ud1WiiFu-00017-00005382-00005482": "Failure code: 8800ZG -> Auto grease abnormally", "i24ud1WiiFu-00018-00005483-00005657": "Abnormality occurred to the grease pump pressure sensor circuit.", "i24ud1WiiFu-00019-00005714-00005814": "When the grease pressure fails to reach set standard level during automatic or forcible", "i24ud1WiiFu-00020-00005870-00006174": "greasing. Default value: Max. 19.6 MPa {Max. 200 kg/cm3}/min.", "i24ud1WiiFu-00021-00006174-00006274": "Failure code :7@HAZL -> VR1/P1F Relief Press Abnormality", "i24ud1WiiFu-00022-00006473-00006808": "Signal circuit of VR1/P1F system pump pressure sensor", "i24ud1WiiFu-00023-00006846-00007104": "detected 37.3 MPa or higher {380 kg/cm2} or higher).", "i24ud1WiiFu-00024-00007218-00007318": "Failure code : 7@HBZL -> VL1/P1R Relief Press Abnormality", "i24ud1WiiFu-00025-00007448-00007708": "(Pump controller 1 system)", "i24ud1WiiFu-00026-00007708-00007921": "Signal circuit of VL1/P1R system pump", "i24ud1WiiFu-00027-00007972-00008285": "pressure sensor detected 37.3 MPa", "i24ud1WiiFu-00028-00008340-00008526": "or higher {380 kg/cm2} or higher).", "i24ud1WiiFu-00032-00009281-00009393": "Failure code :7@HCZL -> VR2/P2F Relief Press Abnormality", "i24ud1WiiFu-00033-00009569-00009838": "(Pump controller 1 system)", "i24ud1WiiFu-00034-00009888-00010192": "Signal circuit of VR2/P2F system pump", "i24ud1WiiFu-00035-00010192-00010292": "pressure sensor detected 37.3 MPa", "i24ud1WiiFu-00036-00010318-00010514": "or higher ({380 kg/cm2} or higher).", "i24ud1WiiFu-00037-00010581-00010867": "Failure code :7@HDZL -> VL2/P2R Relief Press Abnormality", "i24ud1WiiFu-00038-00010927-00011221": "(Pump controller 1 system)", "i24ud1WiiFu-00039-00011291-00011614": "Signal circuit of VL2/P2R system pump pressure sensor detected 37.3 MPa", "i24ud1WiiFu-00040-00011800-00012113": "or higher {380 kg/cm2} or higher).", "i24ud1WiiFu-00043-00012828-00012949": "Failure code :AA10NX -> Aircleaner Clogging", "i24ud1WiiFu-00044-00013026-00013269": "(Machine monitor system)", "i24ud1WiiFu-00045-00013356-00013663": "While engine was running, signal circuit of air cleaner", "i24ud1WiiFu-00046-00013663-00013981": "clogging sensor was opened (disconnected from GND).", "i24ud1WiiFu-00047-00014003-00014352": "Failure code : AB00KE -> Charge Voltage Low", "i24ud1WiiFu-00048-00014479-00014786": "(Mechanical system)", "i24ud1WiiFu-00049-00014786-00015006": "Signal voltage from alternator is below 20 V while the engine is running.", "i24ud1WiiFu-00050-00015069-00015169": "Failure code :B@BAZG -> Eng. Oil Press. Low", "i24ud1WiiFu-00051-00015225-00015506": "(Engine controller system)", "i24ud1WiiFu-00052-00015506-00015806": "While engine was running, signal circuit of engine oil pressure switch", "i24ud1WiiFu-00053-00015806-00015907": "detected low engine oil pressure (opening of sensor contact).", "i24ud1WiiFu-00054-00015948-00016254": "Failure code :B@BAZK -> Eng. Oil Level Low (Machine monitor system)", "i24ud1WiiFu-00055-00016254-00016564": "The signal circuit of the engine oil level sensor is opened. (disconnected from grounding) while the engine is stopped", "i24ud1WiiFu-00056-00016588-00016890": "Failure code :B@BCNS -> Eng. Water Overheat", "i24ud1WiiFu-00057-00016890-00017230": "(Engine controller system). The signal circuit of the engine", "i24ud1WiiFu-00058-00017230-00017475": "coolant temperature sensor detected temperature above 105°C", "i24ud1WiiFu-00059-00017487-00017716": "Failure code :B@BCZK-> Eng. Water Lvl Low, While engine was running,", "i24ud1WiiFu-00060-00017716-00018014": "signal circuit of radiator coolant level sensor was opened (disconnected with GND).", "i24ud1WiiFu-00061-00018014-00018293": "Failure code: LA10ZL -> RAD system fan pump relief pressure high error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00062-00018295-00018601": "The RAD system fan pump pressure sensor .", "i24ud1WiiFu-00063-00018601-00018903": "signal circuit detected the pressure 37.3 MPa or above {380 kg/cm2 or above}", "i24ud1WiiFu-00064-00018903-00019036": "Failure code [:@CBNS -> PTO Oil Overheat", "i24ud1WiiFu-00065-00019094-00019399": "(or change of VHMS-LED display from n5 to 61)", "i24ud1WiiFu-00066-00019399-00019739": "Signal circuit of PTO oil temperature sensor detected 125°C or higher", "i24ud1WiiFu-00067-00019787-00020082": "Failure code :B@HANS-> Hydr. Oil Overheat", "i24ud1WiiFu-00068-00020082-00020389": "(Pump controller 2 system).While engine was running", "i24ud1WiiFu-00069-00020389-00020492": ", signal of hydraulic oil temperature sensor input 102°C or higher.", "i24ud1WiiFu-00070-00020536-00020835": "Failure code :CA111 _> ECM Critical Internal Failure", "i24ud1WiiFu-00071-00020835-00020934": "Action code: E10", "i24ud1WiiFu-00072-00020934-00021235": "Controller has abnormality in it.", "i24ud1WiiFu-00073-00021235-00021538": "Failure code :CA115 -> Eng. Ne and Bkup Speed Sens Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00074-00021572-00021873": "Action code: E10", "i24ud1WiiFu-00075-00021873-00022059": "Abnormality has occurred at the same time in Ne speed sensor", "i24ud1WiiFu-00076-00022177-00022298": "circuit and Bkup speed sensor circuit.", "i24ud1WiiFu-00077-00022379-00022620": "Failure code :CB115 -> Eng. Ne and Bkup Speed Sens Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00078-00022647-00022950": "Action code: E10", "i24ud1WiiFu-00079-00022950-00023257": "Abnormality has occurred at the same time in Ne speed", "i24ud1WiiFu-00080-00023257-00023522": "sensor circuit and Bkup speed sensor circuit.", "i24ud1WiiFu-00081-00023522-00023622": "Failure code :CA122 -> Chg Air Press Sensor High Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00082-00023666-00023975": "Action code: E11", "i24ud1WiiFu-00083-00023975-00024128": "Excessively high voltage is detected at circuit", "i24ud1WiiFu-00084-00024163-00024382": "of charge pressure (boost pressure) sensor", "i24ud1WiiFu-00085-00024424-00024699": "Failure code : CA123 -> Chg Air Press Sensor Low Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00086-00024702-00025040": "Action code: E11", "i24ud1WiiFu-00088-00025374-00025683": "Excessively low voltage is detected at circuit of charge", "i24ud1WiiFu-00089-00025683-00025813": "pressure (boost pressure) sensor", "i24ud1WiiFu-00090-00025852-00026118": "Failure code :CA131-> Throttle Sensor High Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00091-00026118-00026383": "Action code: E14", "i24ud1WiiFu-00092-00026383-00026702": "High voltage was detected in throttle sensor signal circuit", "i24ud1WiiFu-00093-00026702-00026893": "Failure code :CA132 -> Throttle Sensor Low Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00094-00026946-00027282": "Action code: E14", "i24ud1WiiFu-00095-00027288-00027561": "Excessively low voltage is detected at signal circuit of throttle sensor", "i24ud1WiiFu-00096-00027561-00027877": "Failure code :CA135 -> Eng Oil Press Sensor High Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00097-00027877-00028189": "User code: CALL E02. Excessively high voltage is detected at oil pressure sensor circuit", "i24ud1WiiFu-00098-00028189-00028482": "Failure code: CA141 -> Eng Oil Press Sensor Low Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00099-00028482-00028803": "User code: E15. Excessively low voltage is detected at oil pressure sensor circuit", "i24ud1WiiFu-00100-00028803-00029127": "Failure code :CA144 -> Coolant Temp Sens High Error. User code: E15.", "i24ud1WiiFu-00101-00029127-00029429": "Excessively high voltage is detected at signal circuit of coolant temperature sensor", "i24ud1WiiFu-00102-00029429-00029689": "Failure code :CA145 -> Coolant Temp Sens Low Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00103-00029689-00029945": "User code:E15. Excessively low voltage is", "i24ud1WiiFu-00104-00029985-00030289": "detected at signal circuit of coolant temperature sensor", "i24ud1WiiFu-00105-00030289-00030389": "Failure code:CA153 -> Chg Air Temp Sensor High Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00106-00030444-00030717": "User code: E15. Excessively high voltage is detected", "i24ud1WiiFu-00107-00030717-00031017": "at signal circuit of charge temperature (boost temperature) sensor.", "i24ud1WiiFu-00108-00031017-00031174": "Failure code :CA154 -> Chg Air Temp Sensor Low Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00109-00031240-00031529": "User code: E15. Excessively low voltage is detected at signal", "i24ud1WiiFu-00110-00031572-00031672": "circuit of charge temperature (boost temperature) sensor.", "i24ud1WiiFu-00111-00031777-00032089": "Failure code :CA187 -> Sens Supply 2 Volt Low Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00112-00032102-00032272": "User code: E15. Low voltage was detected in sensor power supply (2) (5 V) circuit.", "i24ud1WiiFu-00113-00032346-00032653": "Failure code :CB187-> Sens Supply 2 Volt Low Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00114-00032653-00032836": "User code: E15.Low voltage was detected in sensor power supply (2) (5 V) circuit", "i24ud1WiiFu-00115-00032876-00032987": "Failure code :CA212 -> Eng Oil Temp Sensor High Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00116-00033090-00033427": "User code: E15", "i24ud1WiiFu-00117-00033429-00033743": "High voltage was detected in engine oil temperature sensor circuit", "i24ud1WiiFu-00118-00033743-00034075": "Failure code :CA213 -> Eng Oil Temp Sensor Low Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00119-00034075-00034324": "User code: E15", "i24ud1WiiFu-00120-00034324-00034606": "Low voltage was detected in engine oil temperature sensor circuit", "i24ud1WiiFu-00121-00034606-00034883": "Failure code: CA221 -> Ambient Press Sens High Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00122-00034883-00035152": "User code: E15", "i24ud1WiiFu-00123-00035153-00035463": "Excessively high voltage is detected at signal circuit of atmospheric pressure sensor", "i24ud1WiiFu-00124-00035463-00035795": "Failure code: CA222-> Ambient Press Sens Low Error.Action code: E15,", "i24ud1WiiFu-00125-00035795-00036095": "Excessively low voltage is detected at signal circuit of atmospheric pressure sensor.", "i24ud1WiiFu-00126-00036095-00036385": "Failure code :CA227 -> Sens Supply 2 Volt High Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00127-00036396-00036713": "Excessively high voltage is detected in sensor power source (2) (5V) circuit", "i24ud1WiiFu-00128-00036713-00037046": "Failure code :CB227 -> Sens Supply 2 Volt High Error. User code: E15", "i24ud1WiiFu-00129-00037123-00037425": "High voltage was detected in sensor power supply (2) (5 V) circuit", "i24ud1WiiFu-00130-00037425-00037742": "Failure code :CA234-> Eng Over Speed.User code: E15. The engine speed exceeds", "i24ud1WiiFu-00131-00037742-00037842": "upper control limit speed. Flashes warning lamp and turns on alarm buzzer", "i24ud1WiiFu-00132-00037843-00038179": "Failure code :CA238 -> Ne Speed Sens Supply Volt Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00133-00038251-00038351": "User code: E15. Excessively low voltage is", "i24ud1WiiFu-00134-00038359-00038505": "detected at Ne speed sensor power supply (5V) circuit.", "i24ud1WiiFu-00135-00038555-00038818": "Failure code :CB238 -> Ne Speed Sens Supply Volt Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00136-00038852-00039133": "User code: E15", "i24ud1WiiFu-00137-00039133-00039430": "Excessively low voltage is detected at Ne speed sensor power supply (5V) circuit", "i24ud1WiiFu-00138-00039430-00039690": "Failure code :CA263 -> Fuel Temp Sensor High Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00139-00039690-00039983": "User code: E15", "i24ud1WiiFu-00140-00039983-00040310": "Excessively high voltage is detected", "i24ud1WiiFu-00141-00040593-00040760": "at fuel temperature sensor circuit.", "i24ud1WiiFu-00143-00041168-00041472": "Failure code :CB263 -> Fuel Temp Sensor High Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00144-00041472-00041754": "User code: E15", "i24ud1WiiFu-00145-00041754-00041916": "Excessively high voltage is detected at fuel temperature sensor circuit", "i24ud1WiiFu-00146-00041957-00042173": "Failure code :CA265 -> Fuel Temp Sensor Low Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00147-00042212-00042511": "User code: E15", "i24ud1WiiFu-00148-00042511-00042611": "Low voltage was detected in fuel temperature sensor circuit.", "i24ud1WiiFu-00149-00042615-00042715": "Failure code :CB265 -> Fuel Temp Sensor Low Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00150-00042763-00043078": "User code: E15", "i24ud1WiiFu-00151-00043078-00043409": "Low voltage was detected in fuel temperature sensor circuit", "i24ud1WiiFu-00152-00043415-00043521": "Failure code :CA271 -> IMV/PCV1 Short Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00153-00043566-00043870": "User code: E10", "i24ud1WiiFu-00154-00043870-00044138": "Short circuit occurred in supply pump PCV1 circuit", "i24ud1WiiFu-00157-00044597-00044788": "Failure code :CB271 -> IMV/PCV1 Short Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00158-00044900-00045172": "User code: E10", "i24ud1WiiFu-00159-00045172-00045435": "Short circuit occurred in supply pump PCV1 circuit.", "i24ud1WiiFu-00161-00045700-00045904": "Failure code : CA272-> IMV/PCV1 Open Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00162-00045942-00046042": "Action code: E10", "i24ud1WiiFu-00163-00046045-00046345": "(Engine controller system)", "i24ud1WiiFu-00164-00046345-00046513": "Disconnection occurred in supply pump PCV1 circuit.", "i24ud1WiiFu-00165-00046547-00046822": "Failure code :CB272 -> IMV/PCV1 Open Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00166-00046845-00047111": "User code: E10", "i24ud1WiiFu-00167-00047111-00047351": "(Engine controller system)", "i24ud1WiiFu-00168-00047429-00047732": "Disconnection occurred in supply pump PCV1 circuit", "i24ud1WiiFu-00169-00047732-00048038": "Failure code :CA273 -> PCV2 Short Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00170-00048038-00048149": "User code: E10.Short circuit occurred in supply pump PCV2 circuit.", "i24ud1WiiFu-00171-00048207-00048539": "Failure code :CB273 -> PCV2 Short Error. User code. E10", "i24ud1WiiFu-00172-00048561-00048908": "Short circuit occurred in supply pump PCV2 circuit", "i24ud1WiiFu-00173-00048972-00049252": "Failure code :CA274-> PCV2 Open Error.", "i24ud1WiiFu-00174-00049276-00049376": "User code: E10", "i24ud1WiiFu-00175-00049394-00049494": "Disconnection occurred in supply pump PCV2 circuit", "i24ud1WiiFu-00178-00049976-00050076": "Failure code :CB274-> PCV2 Open Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00179-00050089-00050392": "User code: E10", "i24ud1WiiFu-00180-00050392-00050561": "Disconnection occurred in supply pump PCV2 circuit", "i24ud1WiiFu-00181-00050728-00050984": "Failure code : CA322-> Inj #1(L/B#1) Open/Short Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00182-00051031-00051320": "Action code: E11", "i24ud1WiiFu-00183-00051320-00051645": "A disconnection or short circuit has occurred in injector No. 1 circuit", "i24ud1WiiFu-00184-00051697-00051997": "Failure code : CA323 -> Inj #5(L/B#5) Open/Short Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00185-00051997-00052299": "Action code: E11", "i24ud1WiiFu-00186-00052299-00052588": "A disconnection or short circuit has occurred in injector No. 5 circuit.", "i24ud1WiiFu-00187-00052588-00052925": "Failure code :CA324]->Inj #3(L/B#3) Open/Short Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00188-00052925-00053232": "action code: E11. A disconnection or short circuit has occurred in injector No. 3 circuit", "i24ud1WiiFu-00189-00053232-00053511": "Failure code :CA325 -> Inj #6(L/B#6) Open/Short Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00190-00053511-00053814": "action code: E11", "i24ud1WiiFu-00191-00053814-00054122": "A disconnection or short circuit has occurred in injector No. 6 circuit", "i24ud1WiiFu-00192-00054122-00054384": "Failure code :CA331-> Inj #2(L/B#2) Open/Short Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00193-00054409-00054681": "Action code: E11. A disconnection or short circuit has occurred in injector No. 2 circuit", "i24ud1WiiFu-00194-00054704-00055000": "Failure code :CA332->Inj #4(L/B#4) Open/Short Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00195-00055000-00055304": "action code: E11", "i24ud1WiiFu-00196-00055304-00055593": "A disconnection or short circuit has occurred in injector No. 4 circuit", "i24ud1WiiFu-00197-00055593-00055912": "Failure code :CA342 -> Calibration Code Incompatibility", "i24ud1WiiFu-00198-00055912-00056217": "Action code: E10", "i24ud1WiiFu-00199-00056217-00056523": "Data mismatch occurred in engine controller", "i24ud1WiiFu-00200-00056523-00056842": "Failure code :CB342 -> Calibration Code Incompatibility", "i24ud1WiiFu-00201-00056891-00057179": "action code: E10", "i24ud1WiiFu-00202-00057179-00057456": "Data mismatch occurred in engine controller", "i24ud1WiiFu-00203-00057513-00057804": "Failure code :CA351 -> Injectors Drive Circuit Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00204-00058749-00059052": "User code: E10", "i24ud1WiiFu-00205-00059052-00059316": "Abnormality has occurred in injector drive circuit.", "i24ud1WiiFu-00206-00059316-00059634": "Failure code :CB351-> Injectors Drive Circuit Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00207-00059659-00059846": "User code: E10", "i24ud1WiiFu-00208-00059882-00060174": "Abnormality occurred in injector drive circuit.", "i24ud1WiiFu-00209-00060206-00060481": "Failure code :CA352-> Sens Supply 1 Volt Low Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00210-00060481-00060782": "Action code: E15", "i24ud1WiiFu-00211-00060782-00061050": "Low voltage was detected in sensor power supply (1) (5 V) circuit", "i24ud1WiiFu-00212-00061050-00061391": "Failure code [CB352] Sens Supply 1 Volt Low Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00213-00061398-00061682": "Failure code :CA386->Sens Supply 1 Volt High Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00214-00061682-00061896": "Action code: E15.High voltage was detected in sensor power supply (1) (5 V) circuit", "i24ud1WiiFu-00215-00061933-00062194": "Failure code :CB386-> Sens Supply 1 Volt High Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00216-00062215-00062539": "Action code: E15. High voltage was detected in sensor power supply (1) (5 V) circuit.", "i24ud1WiiFu-00217-00062539-00062685": "Failure code :CA441-> Battery Voltage Low Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00218-00062716-00063014": "Action code: E10.", "i24ud1WiiFu-00219-00063014-00063347": "Low voltage was detected in power supply voltage circuit", "i24ud1WiiFu-00220-00063365-00063658": "Failure code :CB441-> Battery Voltage Low Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00221-00063658-00063977": "Action code: E10.", "i24ud1WiiFu-00222-00063977-00064077": "Low voltage was detected in power supply voltage circuit", "i24ud1WiiFu-00223-00064174-00064501": "Failure code :F@BZNS -> High RBF CYL Exhaust Temp", "i24ud1WiiFu-00224-00064508-00064712": "(or change of VHMS-LED display from n3 to 81).The signal circuit of", "i24ud1WiiFu-00225-00064768-00065076": "the right front exhaust temperature sensor detected that the temperature had", "i24ud1WiiFu-00226-00065076-00065308": "exceeded exhaust temperature limit line 1 for 20 seconds", "i24ud1WiiFu-00227-00065410-00065725": "Failure code: f@BZNS -> High RBR CYL Exhaust Temp", "i24ud1WiiFu-00228-00065725-00065963": "(or change of VHMS-LED display from n3 to 91)", "i24ud1WiiFu-00229-00065963-00066252": "The signal circuit of the right rear exhaust temperature sensor detected that the", "i24ud1WiiFu-00230-00066252-00066496": "temperature had exceeded exhaust temperature limit line 1 for 20 seconds.", "i24ud1WiiFu-00231-00066542-00066829": "Failure code : F@BYNR-> Very High LBF CYL Exhaust Temp", "i24ud1WiiFu-00232-00066829-00067138": "(or change of VHMS-LED display from n3 to 62)", "i24ud1WiiFu-00233-00067138-00067412": "The signal circuit of the front exhaust temperature sensor detected", "i24ud1WiiFu-00234-00067445-00067754": "that the temperature had exceeded exhaust temperature limit line 2 for 10 seconds", "i24ud1WiiFu-00235-00067756-00067912": "Failure code :CA442-> Battery Voltage High Error", "i24ud1WiiFu-00236-00068672-00068956": "Action code: E10", "i24ud1WiiFu-00237-00068968-00069068": "(Engine controller system)", "i24ud1WiiFu-00238-00069095-00069327": "High voltage was detected in power supply voltage circuit", "i24ud1WiiFu-00239-00069327-00069635": "This is finishing on the part1 of error code list video", "i24ud1WiiFu-00240-00069635-00069942": "PC2000-8 hydaulic excavator model", "i24ud1WiiFu-00241-00069942-00070240": "This video have 74 errors code/ 221 errors code", "i24ud1WiiFu-00242-00070240-00070338": "see you on next part 2 of errors code list video", "i24ud1WiiFu-00243-00070338-00070593": "Thank for watching"}}, {"audio_id": "i2l6gDmOXrM", "text": {"i2l6gDmOXrM-00000-00000006-00000606": "Welcome to Downtown Summerlin Mall. My name is Angela O'Hare, a realtor here in Las", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00001-00000606-00001203": "Vegas, Nevada with The O'Hare Team and today I'm gonna do a walk-through tour of the", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00002-00001203-00001716": "Downtown Summerlin mall. Downtown Summerlin, formerly The Shops at", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00003-00001716-00002318": "Summerlin Center or DTS shopping center, is an outdoor shopping, dining, and", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00004-00002318-00002777": "entertainment district. It is part of the Greater Downtown Summerlin development,", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00005-00002777-00003282": "which lies within the fluent community of Summerlin, a suburban neighborhood of", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00006-00003282-00003819": "the western outskirts of Las Vegas, Nevada. Over 100 acres of entertainment,", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00007-00003819-00004478": "amazing restaurants, over 125 shops, and office complex is conveniently available", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00008-00004478-00004898": "to residents of Summerlin Centre.", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00009-00007097-00007811": "A vibrant walkable center, in the heart of community, Summerlin's most active", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00010-00007811-00008396": "urban destination is waiting to be explored. At a diverse world-class and", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00011-00008396-00009061": "homegrown mix of shops, restaurants, indoor and outdoor venues, and events.", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00012-00009509-00010400": "I'm here at Downtown Summerlin enjoying the beautiful view behind me. For only", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00013-00010400-00010824": "being like 9 o'clock in the morning, it's actually pretty busy here this morning.", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00014-00010824-00011375": "There's a lot of people doing some yoga, anyway, I'll show you my view.", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00015-00012022-00012813": "So this is where the Summerlin ice skating rink is during the winter time.", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00016-00012829-00013480": "We're at Downtown Summerlin right now, I thought Brian was behind me, but he's not.", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00017-00013488-00014138": "Hope you're enjoying it. There's actually a yoga class going on, pretty funny.", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00018-00014138-00014787": "See what this Downtown Summerlin is all about. It's actually one of the best outdoor", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00019-00014787-00015551": "shopping areas in the valley. Lots of fun restaurants; there's Maggiano's, there's", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00020-00015551-00015999": "California Pizza Kitchen, MTO, just to name a few. There's a lot of others that", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00021-00015999-00016512": "I just can't think at the top of my head right now. But it's a nice little", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00022-00016512-00017301": "shopping area. So we are walking Downtown Summerlin, checking it out. Let's see what", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00023-00017301-00018252": "time is it. Oh it's almost 10 o'clock, the stores about to open, it's very busy", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00024-00018252-00018915": "already for as early it is. Lots of people out walking the mall and then", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00025-00018915-00019556": "there's people doing yoga pretty cool. Anyway, there's Brian.", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00026-00022979-00023684": "See jerks don't let you walk by, lots of jerk-offs don't know how to stop.", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00027-00026072-00026372": "There's Macy's.", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00028-00026854-00027207": "And then there's Dillard's.", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00029-00027215-00028021": "Something you may not know, I worked there for 16 years of my life, as a manager.", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00030-00028261-00028633": "Let's win this car.", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00031-00029418-00029687": "I'm hungry.", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00032-00031424-00031750": "They have really good food there.", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00033-00032083-00032522": "I don't think I've ever eaten Skinny Fats before.", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00034-00033278-00033943": "Oh wow, it's a little too early to eat lunch", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00035-00033943-00035215": "though. Yeah. I really wanted to get MTO. Well they are open at 9:00. Wow.", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00036-00035215-00035725": "This must be food row. This mall is too big, I cannot walk it all in one day because it actually is getting", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00037-00035725-00036475": "hot. What is the temperature supposed to be today? I just do remember seeing on", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00038-00036475-00036981": "the weather station, excessive heat warning.", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00039-00037748-00038038": "Forever 21", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00040-00038378-00038792": "So, we got lucky, Brian just checked the weather and it's only supposed to be", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00041-00038792-00040111": "what 98 today. It's still hot at 10 o'clock in the day. Tomorrow 107. That's hot! Yeah, very hot.", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00042-00041671-00042184": "Shopping guide directory, which is helpful.", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00043-00042184-00042859": "Well that concludes our tour of DTS, for those of you who are familiar with the", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00044-00042859-00043638": "DTS, that stands for Downtown Summerlin. Hope you've enjoyed this little tour. I am", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00045-00043638-00044241": "out of shape because every time I talk, sounds like I need to take a, get some", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00046-00044241-00044740": "exercise. I hope this exploring Summerlin series", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00047-00044740-00045211": "has helped you learn what Summerlin is all about and what Summerlin has to", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00048-00045211-00045762": "offer. As, always if you like this video be sure to hit the thumbs up button,", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00049-00045762-00046363": "leave a comment down below, share with a friend, and consider subscribing to my", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00050-00046363-00046744": "channel if you're interested in learning everything and anything about the Las", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00051-00046744-00047302": "Vegas area. Thank you so much for watching today and I'll see you guys on", "i2l6gDmOXrM-00052-00047302-00047574": "the next one."}}, {"audio_id": "i2FUjr_WLvy", "text": {"i2FUjr_WLvy-00000-00001201-00001648": "Julia: What can I observe in my river landscape, how do people,", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00001-00001648-00002216": "animals, plants and water live together? Julia: Paul, do you want to come with", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00002-00002216-00002608": "me to explore our riverscape? Paul: Yes, that sounds like fun!", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00003-00002608-00003040": "Julia: Where are we going? Which part of the river are we interesed in?", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00004-00003040-00003640": "Paul: Shall we go to the Sill? We can see many types of human impact there. There is a highway,", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00005-00003640-00004152": "a tunnel, a big construction site, residential houses, and the river has been straightened.", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00006-00004152-00004704": "Julia: yes, great idea! Paul: We have to take a lot of things with us:", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00007-00004704-00005264": "pencils, a writing pad, crayons, a sharpener, thermos bottle and snacks,", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00008-00005264-00005712": "cell phone, and a camera. Julia: Let’s go! We are multispecies", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00009-00005712-00006272": "ethnographers now, observing animals, plants, and humans, and how they live together.", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00010-00006352-00006880": "We will make fieldnotes with drawings, sketches, texts, photos and sound recordings.", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00011-00006880-00007344": "Paul: The water is quite cold, nobody would swim here.", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00012-00007344-00007768": "Julia: Look at the big construction site! Paul: I'll take a picture", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00013-00007768-00008192": "of the construction site. Julia: The river is all gray because it's been", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00014-00008192-00008760": "polluted by the construction site. I wonder what this means for the animals who live in the water.", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00015-00008760-00009344": "Paul: And I wouldn't drink from it either! Paul: But the bank is sandy here, a good place", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00016-00009344-00009944": "to have a party. I found a barbecue place and garbage, lots of empty bottles. So this is a place", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00017-00009944-00010214": "where people like to spend time together. Julia: Look there’s also a mattress; maybe", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00018-00010214-00010320": "homeless people spend the night here? Paul:", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00019-00010320-00010680": "Now we should start writing down our observations so we can remember everything later.", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00020-00010680-00011432": "Paul: I’m also doing a sketch with a bird's eye view so I can show who and what can be seen here.", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00021-00011432-00011952": "That way we can better see the patterns. The point is not to draw beautifully, but to capture the", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00022-00011952-00012680": "things we find important in our observations. Julia: Car noise is very noticeable here; you can", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00023-00012680-00013272": "hardly hear the river at all. I’m going to add crossbars for all noise sources to your sketch.", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00024-00013360-00013684": "The more crossbars, the louder the noise. Julia:", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00025-00013872-00014263": "Look there's a fish ladder, do you remember when the city built it", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00026-00014344-00014744": "because the embankment was so obstructed? Paul: The river was originally straightened like", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00027-00014744-00015247": "this to protect the neighbourhood from floods. Julia: But that meant that the fish couldn't swim", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00028-00015247-00015912": "upstream any more. So a lot of fish species lost their habitat here. Because of the fish ladder,", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00029-00015912-00016400": "more fish have come back here. Paul: Still, the embankment is very", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00030-00016400-00016840": "steep and the river cannot flow freely. And I wonder how the built-up bank affects the", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00031-00016840-00017288": "animals? Remember we learned that young fish and larvae need protected spaces in bays.", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00032-00017288-00017928": "Julia: I wonder what kind of fish are here, if any? Let's interview Prof. Müller.", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00033-00018040-00018600": "She is an ecologist. Paul: Hello, do you guys come here often?", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00034-00018600-00019192": "Teenagers (female voice): Yes! We like to meet here because we can be on our own", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00035-00019192-00019448": "and do what we like. Julia: What kind of", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00036-00019448-00019760": "impression does the river make on you? Teenagers (female voice): Here in the lower", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00037-00019760-00020288": "section, the trees on the bank are very nice because they provide shade in the summer and", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00038-00020288-00020912": "there are birds chirping in the trees. It might be nicer if the bank wasn't so steep and paved.", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00039-00020912-00021520": "Then we would have more space to hang out. Julia: Look, Paul, how much we collected and", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00040-00021520-00022008": "learned today. If we write a research report about this then others can learn", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00041-00022008-00022280": "something about our river community. Paul stands at the desk with notes and says:", "i2FUjr_WLvy-00042-00022280-00022584": "And I will write a rap song about the river with the young people we met!"}}, {"audio_id": "i2KjZ_yCiBQ", "text": {"i2KjZ_yCiBQ-00000-00000420-00001520": "Education is important because when we grow up and want to become something and if we want to work towards the development of our country then we need education.", "i2KjZ_yCiBQ-00001-00001670-00002470": "I want to study because there are many problems around me which do not get resolved by complaining about it.", "i2KjZ_yCiBQ-00002-00002470-00002700": "So when I study and become something then I can solve those issues.", "i2KjZ_yCiBQ-00003-00003100-00003900": "Initially I did not have that much self-confidence that I could walk up to anyone and have a conversation.", "i2KjZ_yCiBQ-00004-00003920-00004960": "But with Sakhi Ma'am and Soumya Ma'am worked with me to build my confidence that we can go to anyone and ask questions and also share what we want to say.", "i2KjZ_yCiBQ-00005-00004970-00006180": "They shaped and moulded us in a way that we started interacting more with them and started sharing our feelings as well.", "i2KjZ_yCiBQ-00006-00006210-00006900": "Sometimes when we do not know something related to our studies then they make charts for us so that we could speak English better.", "i2KjZ_yCiBQ-00007-00007000-00008420": "When we go to college and we will get better education this will help our future and make a difference.", "i2KjZ_yCiBQ-00008-00008500-00009453": "I want to become a scientist because there are a lot of issues - plants are becoming extinct and", "i2KjZ_yCiBQ-00009-00009453-00010400": "I want to work on inventions with which I can help improve our environment.", "i2KjZ_yCiBQ-00010-00010400-00011293": "Like every child, I also want to make my parents proud."}}, {"audio_id": "i2LXhAnpss4", "text": {"i2LXhAnpss4-00000-00000000-00000200": "RTX 4090 BRINGS A NEW REALITY TO GAMES Go Home Annie Animated Background"}}, {"audio_id": "i2XjbHI4lR8", "text": {"i2XjbHI4lR8-00000-00000039-00000500": "Let's see wat dwells in the depths of my trailer", "i2XjbHI4lR8-00001-00000700-00000750": "WOAH", "i2XjbHI4lR8-00002-00000800-00001500": "*best dupstep music in history* *dances*"}}, {"audio_id": "i38Vy26kvqu", "text": {"i38Vy26kvqu-00000-00000768-00001128": "Weightlifting with Alexey Semiletov", "i38Vy26kvqu-00001-00001168-00001556": "Snatch with a pause pull", "i38Vy26kvqu-00002-00001580-00001720": "Hello friends, today we will look at", "i38Vy26kvqu-00003-00001720-00001857": "Snatch with a pause pull", "i38Vy26kvqu-00004-00001888-00002238": "As always, in the top right corner is a link to the most useful videos from this series.", "i38Vy26kvqu-00005-00002278-00002704": "There is 3 places to make a pause in a pull.", "i38Vy26kvqu-00006-00002724-00003108": "But first, it must be noted that this exercise is for developing and teaching the body the proper angles in the pull.", "i38Vy26kvqu-00007-00003134-00003365": "This exercise is great for beginners", "i38Vy26kvqu-00008-00003379-00003960": "because it allows for the trainer intervention during the pauses to correct the angles", "i38Vy26kvqu-00009-00003960-00004502": "if the lifter starts to move his shoulders back after the knee level, or if the hips are shooting up right from the get go and so on.", "i38Vy26kvqu-00010-00004512-00004886": "This exercise is an identical copy to the regular Snatch except for", "i38Vy26kvqu-00011-00004888-00005286": "the added pauses in different locations in the pull.", "i38Vy26kvqu-00012-00005306-00005618": "The locations are as such:", "i38Vy26kvqu-00013-00005626-00005834": "1. few inches(1-4) off the floor right after the \"Lift-Off\" 2.Below the knees 3.Above the knees", "i38Vy26kvqu-00014-00005842-00006096": "The pauses can last up to 5 seconds.", "i38Vy26kvqu-00015-00006112-00006792": "For beginners: up to 70% of max Snatch, up to 2 reps per set.", "i38Vy26kvqu-00016-00006809-00007058": "Thank you for watching my video Like, share and subscribe", "i38Vy26kvqu-00017-00007058-00007230": "I hope it was helpful", "i38Vy26kvqu-00018-00007314-00007514": "However, if you have any questions - leave them in the comments below", "i38Vy26kvqu-00019-00007550-00007892": "In good health, Alexey Semiletov"}}, {"audio_id": "i3ywCjb0uFQ", "text": {"i3ywCjb0uFQ-00000-00000048-00000312": "Madhya Pradesh Latest News", "i3ywCjb0uFQ-00001-00000312-00000362": "Madhya Pradesh Latest News", "i3ywCjb0uFQ-00002-00000362-00000412": "Madhya Pradesh Latest News", "i3ywCjb0uFQ-00003-00000412-00000462": "Madhya Pradesh Latest News", "i3ywCjb0uFQ-00004-00000462-00000512": "Madhya Pradesh Latest News", "i3ywCjb0uFQ-00005-00000741-00000791": "Madhya Pradesh Latest News", "i3ywCjb0uFQ-00006-00000828-00001028": "Madhya Pradesh Latest News", "i3ywCjb0uFQ-00007-00001028-00001078": "Madhya Pradesh Latest News", "i3ywCjb0uFQ-00008-00001078-00001128": "Madhya Pradesh 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"i3ywCjb0uFQ-00163-00017349-00017399": "Madhya Pradesh Latest News"}}, {"audio_id": "i463hceF-go", "text": {"i463hceF-go-00000-00000224-00000274": "hello!", "i463hceF-go-00001-00000336-00000586": "What we have here is Aloe Verde (bad spelled Vera)", "i463hceF-go-00002-00000606-00000748": "it's a plant", "i463hceF-go-00003-00000772-00000972": "and I want to demonstrate a keyword", "i463hceF-go-00004-00000972-00001096": "the microbial", "i463hceF-go-00005-00001096-00001222": "those are small animal", "i463hceF-go-00006-00001252-00001452": "very smol like a cell size", "i463hceF-go-00007-00001452-00001650": "as small as your brain cells", "i463hceF-go-00008-00001650-00001780": "your bone cells", "i463hceF-go-00009-00001780-00001957": "and blood cells, (diversity in its etc.)", "i463hceF-go-00010-00001957-00002036": "that small", "i463hceF-go-00011-00002064-00002348": "they are quite important animals on our body, and plant.", "i463hceF-go-00012-00002376-00002496": "I have a burn on my hand", "i463hceF-go-00013-00002504-00002648": "from grabbing the hot pan (AAAHH hurt!)", "i463hceF-go-00014-00002648-00002796": "it is still hurting now, so.", "i463hceF-go-00015-00002820-00002906": "what we do with it is", "i463hceF-go-00016-00003016-00003066": "don't cut the leaf", "i463hceF-go-00017-00003106-00003306": "just leave it alone for microbial to interact with your skin like populated migrant", "i463hceF-go-00018-00003322-00003522": "to travel on your skin like you know, from country to country", "i463hceF-go-00019-00003528-00003692": "exchanging the diversity people as it saturates", "i463hceF-go-00020-00003692-00003818": "they will bring its doctor", "i463hceF-go-00021-00003818-00003874": "their nurses", "i463hceF-go-00022-00003874-00003934": "their constructors also", "i463hceF-go-00023-00003934-00004108": "and everything they have will help you to", "i463hceF-go-00024-00004108-00004222": "heal that skin", "i463hceF-go-00025-00004334-00004394": "it's important", "i463hceF-go-00026-00004410-00004496": "(The burn stopped its pain right away!)", "i463hceF-go-00027-00004496-00004546": "....", "i463hceF-go-00028-00004546-00004616": "bye! :3", "i463hceF-go-00029-00004854-00004938": "n_n"}}, {"audio_id": "i4gcAg6A-yg", "text": {"i4gcAg6A-yg-00000-00000944-00001144": "Alif & Uka Islami Child", "i4gcAg6A-yg-00001-00001524-00001723": "Like,Share,Subscribe", "i4gcAg6A-yg-00002-00001886-00002236": "Surah Al A'la,19 versus. Translate for :https://quran.com/87", "i4gcAg6A-yg-00003-00002738-00003518": "أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ Translate: I seek refuge with Allah from the accursed Satan", "i4gcAg6A-yg-00004-00003797-00004354": "بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيْمِ Translate : In the name of Allah the Merciful", "i4gcAg6A-yg-00005-00004572-00004998": "سَبِّحِ اسۡمَ رَبِّكَ الۡاَعۡلَىۙ Translate : Exalt the name of your Lord, the Most High,", "i4gcAg6A-yg-00006-00005032-00005348": "الَّذِىۡ خَلَقَ فَسَوّٰى Translate : Who created and proportioned", "i4gcAg6A-yg-00007-00005492-00005854": "وَالَّذِىۡ قَدَّرَ فَهَدٰى Translate : And Who destined and [then] guided", "i4gcAg6A-yg-00008-00006002-00006426": "وَالَّذِىۡۤ اَخۡرَجَ الۡمَرۡعٰى Translate : And who brings out the pasture", "i4gcAg6A-yg-00009-00006642-00007064": "فَجَعَلَهٗ غُثَآءً اَحۡوٰىؕ Translate : And [then] makes it black stubble.", "i4gcAg6A-yg-00010-00007220-00007640": "سَنُقۡرِئُكَ فَلَا تَنۡسٰٓىۙ Translate : We will make you recite, [O Muhammad], and you will not forget,", "i4gcAg6A-yg-00011-00007772-00008728": "اِلَّا مَا شَآءَ اللّٰهُ‌ؕ اِنَّهٗ يَعۡلَمُ الۡجَهۡرَ وَمَا يَخۡفٰىؕ Translate : Except what Allah should will. Indeed, He knows what is declared and what is hidden.", "i4gcAg6A-yg-00012-00008912-00009170": "وَنُيَسِّرُكَ لِلۡيُسۡرٰى Translate: And We will ease you toward ease.", "i4gcAg6A-yg-00013-00009294-00009730": "فَذَكِّرۡ اِنۡ نَّفَعَتِ الذِّكۡرٰىؕ Translate : So remind, if the reminder should benefit;", "i4gcAg6A-yg-00014-00009870-00010220": "سَيَذَّكَّرُ مَنۡ يَّخۡشٰىۙ Translate : He who fears [ Allah ] will be reminded.", "i4gcAg6A-yg-00015-00010330-00010724": "وَيَتَجَنَّبُهَا الۡاَشۡقَىۙ Translate : But the wretched one will avoid it -", "i4gcAg6A-yg-00016-00010828-00011212": "الَّذِىۡ يَصۡلَى النَّارَ الۡكُبۡرٰى‌ۚ Translate : [He] who will [enter and] burn in the greatest Fire,", "i4gcAg6A-yg-00017-00011442-00011946": "ثُمَّ لَا يَمُوۡتُ فِيۡهَا وَلَا يَحۡيٰ Translate : Neither dying therein nor living.", "i4gcAg6A-yg-00018-00012046-00012418": "قَدۡ اَفۡلَحَ مَنۡ تَزَكّٰىۙ Translate : He has certainly succeeded who purifies himself", "i4gcAg6A-yg-00019-00012514-00012912": "وَذَكَرَ اسۡمَ رَبِّهٖ فَصَلّٰى Translate : And mentions the name of his Lord and prays.", "i4gcAg6A-yg-00020-00013000-00013372": "بَلۡ تُؤۡثِرُوۡنَ الۡحَيٰوةَ الدُّنۡيَا Translate : But you prefer the worldly life,", "i4gcAg6A-yg-00021-00013463-00013908": "وَالۡاٰخِرَةُ خَيۡرٌ وَّ اَبۡقٰىؕ‏ Translate : While the Hereafter is better and more enduring.", "i4gcAg6A-yg-00022-00014008-00014472": "اِنَّ هٰذَا لَفِى الصُّحُفِ الۡاُوۡلٰ Translate : Indeed, this is in the former scriptures,", "i4gcAg6A-yg-00023-00014591-00014958": "صُحُفِ اِبۡرٰهِيۡمَ وَمُوۡسٰ Translate : The scriptures of Abraham and Moses.", "i4gcAg6A-yg-00024-00015413-00015813": "صَدَقَ اللهُ اْلعَظِيْمُ Translate : Great truth of allah"}}, {"audio_id": "i4ipfxdPE-0", "text": {"i4ipfxdPE-0-00000-00000056-00000278": "[sounds]", "i4ipfxdPE-0-00001-00000278-00000440": "do, do, do", "i4ipfxdPE-0-00002-00000440-00000912": "man, i don't know man, I don't know anything."}}, {"audio_id": "i4qn4Vbq8bM", "text": {"i4qn4Vbq8bM-00000-00000192-00000720": "Welcome there my name is Tracy Davis I'm uh the principal social worker in Adult Services for", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00001-00000720-00001352": "West Sussex. I've got a long um career, long history in social work uh I qualified back in", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00002-00001352-00002152": "1996 so a long long time ago um but I've worked in West Sussex since um for nearly, almost coming up", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00003-00002152-00002856": "20 years this year, in a variety of roles. I've worked my way up and through the organisation in", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00004-00002856-00003511": "terms of frontline operational teams, team manager level and then into sort of service development", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00005-00003608-00003992": "um and then a few years ago into the principal social worker role.", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00006-00004096-00004648": "I love this role, it's all about improving practice, it's about best practice um quality", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00007-00004648-00005432": "assurance and I lead on the assessed and supported year in employment (ASYE)", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00008-00005432-00005816": "We're really lucky in West Sussex we work in partnership with", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00009-00005816-00006544": "Chichester university um to deliver an ASYE programme. The module side of it is accredited", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00010-00006600-00007423": "towards a postgraduate uh qualification, and so we have a set of uh five modules um with Chichester", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00011-00007423-00008112": "university jointly delivered and then we also have an internal sort of support programme which", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00012-00008112-00008824": "includes group supervision which is facilitated by people in my team and we provide a lot of", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00013-00008824-00009424": "support and advice throughout the programme um and one of the really really important things is", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00014-00009488-00010112": "that we provide quality assurance of people's portfolios of evidence um throughout the year", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00015-00010112-00010744": "and that's, I say that's really important because it can help us identify people's strengths and", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00016-00010744-00011320": "where they've got um maybe particular needs for support, really early on in the programme,", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00017-00011320-00011920": "so we look to do that right after the initial sort of start up, then at three months review,", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00018-00011920-00012488": "then at six months and um we have our overall moderation process right at the end as well. What", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00019-00012488-00013063": "I would say is we've been running this programme since um 2015 and there's not a single year", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00020-00013128-00013704": "that we don't learn something and look to improve, we are constantly looking to improve", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00021-00013704-00014240": "our ASYE programme. So a couple of years ago and we identified, you know there was a couple", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00022-00014240-00014696": "of newly qualified social workers who'd come in and they were lacking a little bit of confidence,", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00023-00014696-00015160": "they were you know sort of struggling, sort of getting used to working in a statutory setting", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00024-00015224-00015919": "and um so what we did was decided to buddy them up with another newly qualified social worker who'd", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00025-00015919-00016432": "recently gone through their assessed and supported year in employment um and that's been really,", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00026-00016432-00016984": "really helpful, so that's something else you know based on individual circumstances that we can do.", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00027-00017040-00017720": "Aside from the ASYE programme itself we've got um a really clear career pathway and learning", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00028-00017720-00018352": "and development pathway and we've got loads of learning and development sort of opportunities", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00029-00018352-00019008": "on our internal sort of learning and development gateway and we provide you with an induction", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00030-00019008-00019496": "handbook which will cover you know all of the key sort of information that you need", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00031-00019496-00020040": "as a newly qualified social worker coming in to this organisation, so it will say stuff where,", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00032-00020040-00020536": "you know where to find practice guidance where to find like all the learning and development", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00033-00020592-00021248": "opportunities on our website and we add, you know review that on an annual basis and add to that as", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00034-00021248-00021880": "well. In just the programme itself there is a requirement, national requirement that we", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00035-00021880-00022536": "provide you with a supportive environment with protected caseloads so we look to gradually sort", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00036-00022536-00023024": "of increase your caseloads through the year and also increase the levels of complexity we", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00037-00023024-00023688": "don't want you as newly qualified social workers coming in and feeling really pressurised in", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00038-00023688-00024296": "in terms of taking cases that are too complex for wherever you are in your your your journey", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00039-00024640-00024976": "We also have a other um career opportunities so", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00040-00025056-00025576": "there's opportunities to train in other post-qualifying specialist awards such", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00041-00025576-00026208": "as best interest assessor um approved mental health professional or practice educator later", "i4qn4Vbq8bM-00042-00026208-00026783": "down the line so you can then sort of grow and support other other learners in in the workplace"}}, {"audio_id": "i4Pm_6Y018o", "text": {"i4Pm_6Y018o-00000-00000330-00000762": "Metal Kim Review - INSIDE", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00001-00000852-00001166": "I recently bought INSIDE on this Steam summer sale.", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00002-00001166-00001466": "An overwhelmingly positive spiritual sequel to LIMBO, no reason not to buy this game.", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00003-00001466-00001816": "At first, with no instructions whatsoever, I spent way too much time around the fridge", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00004-00001816-00002114": "only to realize the default key is right Ctrl and nearly destroy my keyboard,", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00005-00002114-00002270": "but the money I paid for it held me back.", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00006-00002270-00002432": "And it turned out to be interesting afterwards.", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00007-00002432-00002882": "The intuitive direction that makes you elude the lights, smooth view transition to the route you're supposed to go to,", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00008-00002882-00003347": "and many save points that encourage you to try again when you fail were waiting right around the corner.", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00009-00003347-00003746": "It is a game with well-deserved feedback that hit me in the head hard.", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00010-00003747-00003936": "BUT I HAVE SOME THINGS TO SAY ABOUT THIS GAME", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00011-00003936-00004156": "Things about the ending, to be exact.", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00012-00004156-00004594": "It's like a fucking clue-fest all over the place and the game didn't even bother to explain it in the end.", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00013-00004594-00004846": "These bastards got a good taste of leaving all the leads behind in LIMBO", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00014-00004846-00005166": "and what they do in the sequel is the same bait thing,", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00015-00005166-00005340": "then they just end the game all of a sudden!", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00016-00005340-00005744": "Without any official explanation, they just left the story to the players' own interpretation.", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00017-00005744-00005832": "Open-ended ending?", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00018-00005832-00006166": "The clues are so intertwined that it just doesn't give way to the actual ending!", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00019-00006180-00006352": "Okay, let me calm my horses.", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00020-00006372-00006668": "A great game is not about reading other people's theories and taking them in as is.", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00021-00006668-00007112": "It's about seeing it, understanding it, and being overwhelmed by it in person.", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00022-00007112-00007202": "LIMBO.", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00023-00007202-00007392": "LIMBO is a really good game.", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00024-00007392-00007754": "It made us speculate aplenty after watching the ending, and questions were answered for the most part.", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00025-00007754-00007830": "How about INSIDE?", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00026-00007830-00008002": "It tells us to plan the game ourselves!", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00027-00008002-00008294": "\"Hey! Here's this grim city, and you're the main kid with the grips of Liam Neeson", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00028-00008294-00008448": "and there's the devil's den for you!", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00029-00008448-00008540": "Design the game!\"", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00030-00008540-00008618": "Just like that!", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00031-00008618-00008810": "Yeah, this is gonna be filled with spoilers from now on,", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00032-00008810-00008982": "but there's a huge problem with the hidden ending too.", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00033-00008982-00009532": "This game has some metal orbs hidden here and there for players to find and deactivate through a puzzle.", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00034-00009532-00009860": "If I were the designer, I would've enabled the hidden ending once all of the orbs are deactivated.", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00035-00009860-00010090": "But the game lets you deactivate the orbs and finish the game normally,", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00036-00010090-00010444": "then on the second run, you have to pull the levers behind the deactivated orbs in a specific order.", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00037-00010444-00010600": "Then finally, what's in the hidden ending?", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00038-00010600-00010740": "Another fucking clue!", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00039-00010740-00011040": "It's just lazying in the name of imagination.", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00040-00011040-00011262": "Game design that fosters imagination? That's fantastic.", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00041-00011262-00011426": "It's another level of freedom.", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00042-00011430-00011852": "But, as a linear platformer and not a sandbox game,", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00043-00011852-00012118": "it's a story-oriented experience that seems to convey something to the players.", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00044-00012118-00012548": "The culmination of that conveyance is called an ending, and the game failed to do just that.", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00045-00012550-00012847": "I think this company just doesn't understand the meaning of \"ending.\"", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00046-00012850-00013080": "\"Ending\" means \"the end.\"", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00047-00013080-00013476": "INSIDE succeeded as a puzzle game, but failed horribly in storytelling.", "i4Pm_6Y018o-00048-00013476-00013850": "English subtitles: MiNOOS (브랜든의 번역창고)"}}, {"audio_id": "i4aadZIW5e8", "text": {"i4aadZIW5e8-00000-00000090-00000184": ">> Jimena: Hi, you all.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00001-00000237-00000436": "Today we're talking about how discrimination shows", "i4aadZIW5e8-00002-00000436-00000567": "up in a workplace.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00003-00000627-00000861": "And we're going to be using different examples based", "i4aadZIW5e8-00004-00000861-00001390": "on transphobia, on that we see we will apply throughout pretty", "i4aadZIW5e8-00005-00001390-00001608": "much through all of the oppressions.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00006-00001719-00001847": "One of the things noticed is", "i4aadZIW5e8-00007-00001866-00002287": "that discrimination is not often done blatantly or overtly.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00008-00002287-00002712": "Most of the people who are participating in it have no clue", "i4aadZIW5e8-00009-00002712-00003020": "that that might be contributing to it.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00010-00003094-00003362": "We tend to notice this stuff as it's happening,", "i4aadZIW5e8-00011-00003362-00003698": "not in direct one person comparisons but more", "i4aadZIW5e8-00012-00003698-00004061": "when it happens across large broad patterns.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00013-00004108-00004598": "And so it's important for us to have large scale studies done", "i4aadZIW5e8-00014-00004606-00004850": "on how wage gaps are creeping in", "i4aadZIW5e8-00015-00004888-00005336": "or on how naming patterns show up in resumes.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00016-00005382-00005501": "We'll get to that in just a second.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00017-00005515-00005773": "But in terms of the wage gap, something that's important", "i4aadZIW5e8-00018-00005773-00006022": "to notice is that we've known about it for decades.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00019-00006058-00006275": "We've been trained to work on it, trying to work on it", "i4aadZIW5e8-00020-00006283-00006780": "for decades, and it is closing at an incredibly slow rate.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00021-00006875-00007260": "Protections have it for white woman to actually catch", "i4aadZIW5e8-00022-00007260-00007597": "up with white men to have a decent paycheck.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00023-00007621-00008060": "That final equal paycheck is projected to be around 2056.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00024-00008129-00008521": "So that means that if you are white maybe sense you are", "i4aadZIW5e8-00025-00008521-00008700": "probably younger than me,", "i4aadZIW5e8-00026-00008700-00008942": "maybe by the time you require you'll get", "i4aadZIW5e8-00027-00008942-00009037": "that one good paycheck.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00028-00009126-00009413": "News is not so good if you are black or Latina.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00029-00009468-00009749": "For black woman, we're expecting over 100 --", "i4aadZIW5e8-00030-00009749-00010063": "and I can't remember that I'll list in the source --", "i4aadZIW5e8-00031-00010108-00010223": "100 and something years.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00032-00010229-00010644": "But for Latina's, we're looking at 232 years to close", "i4aadZIW5e8-00033-00010650-00010916": "that wage gap if we keep going the way we've been going.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00034-00010965-00011249": "So in my case, we would be looking at like great, great,", "i4aadZIW5e8-00035-00011249-00011607": "great, great -- I'm not sure how many greats granddaughters", "i4aadZIW5e8-00036-00011610-00011823": "in there for her to get to her first decent paycheck.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00037-00011901-00012132": "So we know that that wage gap is there.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00038-00012186-00012395": "We're doing some stuff about it.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00039-00012447-00012659": "I think it's going pretty slow.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00040-00012680-00012990": "I would advocate that this gap should be closing faster.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00041-00013058-00013467": "We'll talk a little bit about how that gap may be created,", "i4aadZIW5e8-00042-00013485-00013684": "what's keeping it going, and maybe some", "i4aadZIW5e8-00043-00013684-00013927": "of ways to shorten it.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00044-00013979-00014624": "The other thing to note is that paying tax is a concept that has", "i4aadZIW5e8-00045-00014631-00015200": "to deal with how much woman's products are priced at.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00046-00015200-00015564": "So if you have the same Razor, pink and blue,", "i4aadZIW5e8-00047-00015591-00015970": "the pink Razor usually cost a lot more than the blue one does.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00048-00016022-00016372": "And woman's products, multivitamins, [inaudible],", "i4aadZIW5e8-00049-00016546-00016813": "consistently gets priced higher than men's products.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00050-00016813-00017069": "And we got to wonder why that is.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00051-00017069-00017356": "And it's a pattern that holds over different cities,", "i4aadZIW5e8-00052-00017356-00017600": "different stores, different products so much", "i4aadZIW5e8-00053-00017600-00017842": "so that we start to say hey, that's not great.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00054-00017928-00018272": "And so if we put the two together between the wage gap", "i4aadZIW5e8-00055-00018272-00018511": "in which woman earn less and then the pink tax", "i4aadZIW5e8-00056-00018511-00018947": "in which woman pay more, as you build that up over a lifetime,", "i4aadZIW5e8-00057-00018947-00019249": "it's a whole lot of paying more and not getting enough.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00058-00019330-00019531": "Let's talk about some of the patterns that show", "i4aadZIW5e8-00059-00019531-00019714": "up when it comes to discrimination", "i4aadZIW5e8-00060-00019726-00019924": "and employment specifically.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00061-00020008-00020131": "The tricky thing about it is", "i4aadZIW5e8-00062-00020131-00020342": "that folks won't tell you any more", "i4aadZIW5e8-00063-00020342-00020511": "that you're not getting a job because you're a woman.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00064-00020521-00020722": "It won't be that explicit or overt.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00065-00020796-00021090": "It just may be that one resume gets", "i4aadZIW5e8-00066-00021090-00021293": "to be considered a little bit shiny", "i4aadZIW5e8-00067-00021293-00021587": "or one resume just doesn't get pulled from the pile.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00068-00021610-00022041": "So there's interesting studies done on naming on resumes", "i4aadZIW5e8-00069-00022089-00022435": "like who gets a call back or doesn't.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00070-00022435-00022791": "And consistently, when folks have white sounding names,", "i4aadZIW5e8-00071-00022791-00023061": "they get a lot more call backs", "i4aadZIW5e8-00072-00023061-00023341": "than when folks have black sounding names or Latina names.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00073-00023383-00023751": "I always wonder how much it cost me in my career in the states", "i4aadZIW5e8-00074-00023755-00023940": "to have a name like Jimena Alvarado [assumed spelling].", "i4aadZIW5e8-00075-00023940-00024252": "I always asked my students what it's like for them", "i4aadZIW5e8-00076-00024252-00024398": "to read my name on the roster.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00077-00024398-00024732": "And if they get a little bit nervous when reading my name,", "i4aadZIW5e8-00078-00024732-00025074": "if they're a little weirded out about not knowing how", "i4aadZIW5e8-00079-00025074-00025299": "to say it -- some of my students report", "i4aadZIW5e8-00080-00025299-00025484": "that their employers have told them", "i4aadZIW5e8-00081-00025484-00025663": "that if they can't pronounce their name,", "i4aadZIW5e8-00082-00025694-00025908": "don't even call them back.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00083-00025908-00026079": "How many call backs did I miss out on", "i4aadZIW5e8-00084-00026079-00026335": "because my name would intimidate people?", "i4aadZIW5e8-00085-00026335-00026588": "Well, maybe it just get stuck at the bottom of the pile.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00086-00026588-00027001": "One of my students did a final project on --", "i4aadZIW5e8-00087-00027071-00027364": "she carried out an action project.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00088-00027402-00027800": "She loved the coffee shop by her house and had been wanting", "i4aadZIW5e8-00089-00027800-00027918": "to get a job there for years.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00090-00027918-00028306": "And she'd see they put out help wanted signs out,", "i4aadZIW5e8-00091-00028306-00028436": "and she'd leave her resume.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00092-00028467-00028713": "She had a non Anglo name.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00093-00028722-00029033": "And she'd never get a call back.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00094-00029033-00029162": "And when she was taking my class,", "i4aadZIW5e8-00095-00029162-00029619": "she decided to actually go for it and rewrote her resume.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00096-00029619-00029912": "Kept everything the same, changed one letter on her name", "i4aadZIW5e8-00097-00029912-00030213": "so that now it was a mainstream U.S. name just", "i4aadZIW5e8-00098-00030213-00030317": "by changing one letter.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00099-00030408-00030811": "And within the span of our term, she got a call back", "i4aadZIW5e8-00100-00030811-00030994": "to come in for an interview.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00101-00031045-00031453": "And she interviewed, and she applied for the job.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00102-00031453-00031698": "And at the end of the interview she let the manager know what", "i4aadZIW5e8-00103-00031701-00031998": "had happened and said I'd been applying for this job", "i4aadZIW5e8-00104-00031998-00032289": "for three years and I've never gotten a call back.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00105-00032289-00032681": "I find it odd that when I submitted an Anglo name I got I", "i4aadZIW5e8-00106-00032686-00032785": "call back at that point.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00107-00032901-00033103": "These are some cases in which we can kind", "i4aadZIW5e8-00108-00033103-00033416": "of see the discrimination happening more clearly,", "i4aadZIW5e8-00109-00033482-00033691": "but often it just goes unnoticed.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00110-00033723-00034250": "Often it's just a conversation that doesn't get had.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00111-00034250-00034734": "The example of Ben Bars, the transgender scientist,", "i4aadZIW5e8-00112-00034759-00035111": "shows us that we can see sexism happening", "i4aadZIW5e8-00113-00035111-00035223": "in interesting ways, right.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00114-00035232-00035705": "So when Ben Bars was published under Ben instead of Barbara,", "i4aadZIW5e8-00115-00035705-00036026": "which was the original name he was assigned,", "i4aadZIW5e8-00116-00036203-00036433": "he overheard somebody saying that his --", "i4aadZIW5e8-00117-00036479-00036715": "Ben Bars work was so much better than his sisters.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00118-00036773-00036995": "And again, Ben Bars didn't have a sister.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00119-00036995-00037268": "And this is showing us how we will tend", "i4aadZIW5e8-00120-00037268-00037443": "to value mens work more.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00121-00037477-00037719": "It'll just get noticed more and praised more even", "i4aadZIW5e8-00122-00037719-00037891": "if it's the exact same person.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00123-00037961-00038198": "Likewise, the studies to non transgender folks", "i4aadZIW5e8-00124-00038207-00038492": "and how their pay changes before and after transition,", "i4aadZIW5e8-00125-00038533-00038900": "the fact that a transgender woman's pay drops", "i4aadZIW5e8-00126-00038900-00039302": "after transitioning let's us know that even", "i4aadZIW5e8-00127-00039302-00039509": "for the same individual, even if they accumulate --", "i4aadZIW5e8-00128-00039527-00039708": "as they accumulate more experience,", "i4aadZIW5e8-00129-00039790-00040004": "the drop in pay is saying", "i4aadZIW5e8-00130-00040004-00040202": "that we consistently value woman's less.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00131-00040214-00040601": "And again, it's not one person where somebody says oh,", "i4aadZIW5e8-00132-00040629-00040829": "I'm coming to you from human resources and now", "i4aadZIW5e8-00133-00040829-00040990": "that you're a woman we're going to pay you less.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00134-00041016-00041109": "It doesn't work that way.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00135-00041150-00041396": "It shows up in broad patterns over years.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00136-00041457-00041747": "We can see somebody's not getting a promotion etc. etc.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00137-00041747-00042201": "And likewise, transmen's salaries tend to take a bump", "i4aadZIW5e8-00138-00042209-00042573": "up after transitioning.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00139-00042616-00043094": "We think of this concept of horizontally segregation", "i4aadZIW5e8-00140-00043094-00043319": "and a vertical segregation, and that's really important", "i4aadZIW5e8-00141-00043347-00043607": "to figure out who we're clumping into which kinds of jobs", "i4aadZIW5e8-00142-00043649-00043910": "and also which kinds of jobs are valued more or less.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00143-00043989-00044412": "So the care taking jobs, the jobs that assimulate caretaking", "i4aadZIW5e8-00144-00044462-00044978": "such as serving people, feeding people, cleaning people,", "i4aadZIW5e8-00145-00045016-00045369": "caretaking people, being an emotional support for people.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00146-00045383-00045888": "These are caretaking job skills are considered less valuable.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00147-00045896-00046171": "So when it comes to the abilities needed", "i4aadZIW5e8-00148-00046171-00046526": "to soothe somebody, for example, call center work which I did", "i4aadZIW5e8-00149-00046531-00046852": "for many years, when you have to deal with an irate customer,", "i4aadZIW5e8-00150-00046888-00047191": "that's not considered an important valuable skill", "i4aadZIW5e8-00151-00047191-00047587": "that should get paid as much as for example, engineering skills.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00152-00047639-00047860": "However, they're both very difficult jobs", "i4aadZIW5e8-00153-00047865-00048082": "and they have different skill sets.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00154-00048116-00048482": "One is considered valuable and one is not.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00155-00048540-00049121": "In thinking about the notion of a two person career", "i4aadZIW5e8-00156-00049167-00049681": "in which one worker has a built in assistant at home,", "i4aadZIW5e8-00157-00049681-00049991": "somebody who's figuring out what goes on the grocery list", "i4aadZIW5e8-00158-00050003-00050158": "and dealing with these kids", "i4aadZIW5e8-00159-00050158-00050336": "and all the logistics that come with life.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00160-00050374-00050537": "If we were to compare the two workers,", "i4aadZIW5e8-00161-00050568-00050872": "the one with the home assistant is likely", "i4aadZIW5e8-00162-00050872-00051137": "to shine a little bit brighter and is likely", "i4aadZIW5e8-00163-00051137-00051380": "to just be considered a little bit more competent", "i4aadZIW5e8-00164-00051387-00051530": "or focused or put together.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00165-00051583-00051836": "The worker who doesn't have an assistant", "i4aadZIW5e8-00166-00051836-00052083": "at home could be considered as more distracted,", "i4aadZIW5e8-00167-00052104-00052310": "less valuable, less important.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00168-00052364-00052531": "So when it comes to promotions", "i4aadZIW5e8-00169-00052531-00052816": "and raises they just not -- may not shine.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00170-00052919-00053369": "In thinking about this notion of discrimination in employment,", "i4aadZIW5e8-00171-00053433-00053616": "this is an odd situation", "i4aadZIW5e8-00172-00053616-00053884": "in which being liked is directly connected", "i4aadZIW5e8-00173-00053884-00054038": "to how fat your wallet is.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00174-00054144-00054531": "So if you are not liked or people are uncomfortable", "i4aadZIW5e8-00175-00054531-00054846": "with you at work, this can actually impact how much money", "i4aadZIW5e8-00176-00054846-00054972": "you bring in.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00177-00054972-00055075": "There are tons of situations", "i4aadZIW5e8-00178-00055075-00055263": "in which people help each other out at work.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00179-00055302-00055520": "Somebody gives you a tip it's like oh, don't use that machine", "i4aadZIW5e8-00180-00055520-00055786": "because that one sticks or oh, you want to stay away", "i4aadZIW5e8-00181-00055786-00055979": "from the boss today because they're having a bad day.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00182-00055983-00056146": "Or oh, there's a thing happening,", "i4aadZIW5e8-00183-00056146-00056319": "you should apply for it.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00184-00056347-00056640": "All this information is really, really valuable and it's part", "i4aadZIW5e8-00185-00056640-00056820": "of socializing somebody into a job.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00186-00056853-00057361": "And when you are a less liked at work you just may not come", "i4aadZIW5e8-00187-00057361-00057444": "across that information.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00188-00057444-00057637": "It's not that anybody's trying to be mean at you,", "i4aadZIW5e8-00189-00057676-00057870": "it's just that nobody thinks to tell you the thing", "i4aadZIW5e8-00190-00057870-00058101": "because they weren't hanging out with you in the lunchroom.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00191-00058191-00058427": "And this is direct money in your pocket.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00192-00058477-00058614": "Now, the thing of it is people", "i4aadZIW5e8-00193-00058614-00058989": "with oppressed identities are often considered", "i4aadZIW5e8-00194-00058989-00059124": "to be less likable.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00195-00059166-00059458": "They're just a little bit off.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00196-00059472-00059749": "People are a little less comfortable with them,", "i4aadZIW5e8-00197-00059805-00059992": "they don't bring them in as much.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00198-00060027-00060282": "So if we think of somebody for example,", "i4aadZIW5e8-00199-00060288-00060609": "who is a non dominant religion or who is not religious at all,", "i4aadZIW5e8-00200-00060641-00061005": "people may just get a little bit more nervous around them", "i4aadZIW5e8-00201-00061005-00061180": "and just not include them in the conversation.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00202-00061212-00061619": "Or somebody who has a very large size may be considered just", "i4aadZIW5e8-00203-00061632-00061714": "less cool.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00204-00061774-00061959": "They don't get hung out with that much.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00205-00062017-00062535": "If we think of all of the steps that go into a job,", "i4aadZIW5e8-00206-00062535-00062785": "everything from writing the job description", "i4aadZIW5e8-00207-00062819-00063176": "to the interview process, to the socialization process,", "i4aadZIW5e8-00208-00063187-00063542": "to the training process, to a promotion process, to wage", "i4aadZIW5e8-00209-00063542-00063944": "and salary discussions, these are all little points in time", "i4aadZIW5e8-00210-00063944-00064410": "in which discrimination can seep in in pretty unnoticed ways.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00211-00064410-00064591": "It can be the name.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00212-00064620-00064786": "Somebody just got uncomfortable with the name.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00213-00064811-00065134": "Who would of thought that being named David was a privilege", "i4aadZIW5e8-00214-00065144-00065333": "or that being named Jenny was a privilege", "i4aadZIW5e8-00215-00065364-00065635": "and that being named Jenny may help you get a job", "i4aadZIW5e8-00216-00065635-00065943": "where being named Jimena may have kept me from getting a job.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00217-00066026-00066316": "These are things that aren't direct", "i4aadZIW5e8-00218-00066334-00066528": "in which somebody says oh, let's not give her a name", "i4aadZIW5e8-00219-00066528-00066701": "because her name -- let's not give her a job", "i4aadZIW5e8-00220-00066701-00067090": "because her name is Jimena, it just doesn't show up.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00221-00067118-00067450": "And as you add up all these little tiny things", "i4aadZIW5e8-00222-00067460-00067628": "through the lifecycle of a job,", "i4aadZIW5e8-00223-00067701-00067942": "you start to recognize that they'll add up.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00224-00068006-00068222": "And this may be part of what's happening when it comes", "i4aadZIW5e8-00225-00068229-00068519": "to the wage gap is that we have little instances", "i4aadZIW5e8-00226-00068533-00068732": "in which discrimination can seep in.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00227-00068795-00068984": "And so if we're talking about ways to solve it,", "i4aadZIW5e8-00228-00069010-00069274": "if we know there's going to be sexus discrimination", "i4aadZIW5e8-00229-00069274-00069496": "and say even when we don't want to do it,", "i4aadZIW5e8-00230-00069496-00069629": "it's going to show up, right.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00231-00069649-00070093": "McMaster University did a large wage gap study on it's workplace", "i4aadZIW5e8-00232-00070093-00070422": "and recognize that there was a large portion", "i4aadZIW5e8-00233-00070442-00070645": "of a salary difference that they couldn't justify", "i4aadZIW5e8-00234-00070645-00070707": "in any other way.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00235-00070730-00071017": "It wasn't based on seniority, it wasn't based on years", "i4aadZIW5e8-00236-00071017-00071399": "of experience, etc. etc. They recognized that it had", "i4aadZIW5e8-00237-00071399-00071565": "to with a gender wage gap.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00238-00071605-00071905": "And so they're the first and only place that I know", "i4aadZIW5e8-00239-00071905-00072219": "of that actively went out and paid their woman more", "i4aadZIW5e8-00240-00072219-00072576": "and said okay, we see we've been shorting you, here's the money", "i4aadZIW5e8-00241-00072576-00072657": "that we're shorting you.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00242-00072712-00073076": "It would be interesting to check to see if that wage gap pops", "i4aadZIW5e8-00243-00073076-00073297": "up in five years or in ten years.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00244-00073327-00073577": "So even though they shoved the gap closed one time,", "i4aadZIW5e8-00245-00073617-00073875": "it may show up again.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00246-00073926-00074336": "And so it may be a good idea to base our decision on indicators", "i4aadZIW5e8-00247-00074336-00074454": "and say let's study this.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00248-00074505-00074778": "See is here a wage gap, let's shove it closed again.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00249-00074815-00075184": "And then please, let's check again and shove it closed again.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00250-00075250-00075473": "If we know that we're going to have a sexus wage gap,", "i4aadZIW5e8-00251-00075497-00075887": "we might say well, we're going to make sure to keep", "i4aadZIW5e8-00252-00075887-00076027": "that in mind as we're interviewing", "i4aadZIW5e8-00253-00076048-00076499": "and avoid the patterns that have us choose men over woman.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00254-00076547-00076835": "Likewise, if we know that we have a racist gap", "i4aadZIW5e8-00255-00076864-00077074": "in which we're more likely to pick woman --", "i4aadZIW5e8-00256-00077099-00077445": "I'm sorry, to pick people with Anglo names than with names", "i4aadZIW5e8-00257-00077445-00077824": "that aren't Anglo then let's make sure to pay attention", "i4aadZIW5e8-00258-00077833-00078299": "to not let those resumes stick to the bottom of the pile.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00259-00078362-00078741": "Whatever we're doing right now is working", "i4aadZIW5e8-00260-00078772-00078942": "but really, really slowly.", "i4aadZIW5e8-00261-00078991-00079306": "That wage gap has shrunk a tiny, tiny percentage", "i4aadZIW5e8-00262-00079306-00079862": "over the last 50 years, and I really don't have 50 or 150", "i4aadZIW5e8-00263-00079904-00080258": "or 232 years to wait for this wage gap to close."}}, {"audio_id": "i5k-hjMBzGQ", "text": {"i5k-hjMBzGQ-00000-00000100-00000200": "Hi everybody and welcome to my channel!", "i5k-hjMBzGQ-00001-00000292-00000692": "Today I make this delicious and spicy cabbage salad with lentils", "i5k-hjMBzGQ-00002-00000692-00001179": "It'so yummy and I'm sure you'll like it too. Now let's get started and enjoy the video.", "i5k-hjMBzGQ-00003-00002390-00002590": "100g Lentils", "i5k-hjMBzGQ-00004-00002688-00002840": "soak the lentils for at least 1 hour", "i5k-hjMBzGQ-00005-00003833-00004132": "boil them until they are soften", "i5k-hjMBzGQ-00006-00005404-00005752": "1/2 of a small cabbage", "i5k-hjMBzGQ-00007-00007031-00007428": "2 red peppers or 1 big red bell pepper", "i5k-hjMBzGQ-00008-00008928-00009376": "3 peperoni", "i5k-hjMBzGQ-00009-00010276-00010644": "4 spring onions", "i5k-hjMBzGQ-00010-00012044-00012452": "1 hand full of parsley", "i5k-hjMBzGQ-00011-00013323-00013719": "1 small carrot", "i5k-hjMBzGQ-00012-00018900-00019300": "4 tablespoons olive oil", "i5k-hjMBzGQ-00013-00019886-00020284": "1 tablespoon honey", "i5k-hjMBzGQ-00014-00020984-00021251": "1 teaspoon sea salt", "i5k-hjMBzGQ-00015-00021291-00021548": "1/2 teaspoon pulbiber (chili flakes)", "i5k-hjMBzGQ-00016-00021548-00021748": "Fresh black pepper", "i5k-hjMBzGQ-00017-00022420-00022820": "the juice of 1 lemon", "i5k-hjMBzGQ-00018-00022920-00023372": "2 tablespoons of apple cider vinegar", "i5k-hjMBzGQ-00019-00029272-00030072": "And don't forget to subscribe my channel here"}}, {"audio_id": "i5UoIvISKNE", "text": {"i5UoIvISKNE-00000-00000021-00000587": "Welcome to the Sunday Shave Of The Day! Hey Eric here with Adventures In Wet", "i5UoIvISKNE-00001-00000587-00001130": "Shaving and welcome back it's good to see ya and if this is your first time", "i5UoIvISKNE-00002-00001130-00001554": "here your interests and learning how to straight razor shave go ahead and hit", "i5UoIvISKNE-00003-00001554-00002025": "that subscribe button then click on the bell next to it to be notified when I", "i5UoIvISKNE-00004-00002025-00002322": "upload videos that way you won't miss a thing", "i5UoIvISKNE-00005-00002322-00003075": "in tonight's shave we are using my Wade and Butcher \"For Gentlemens Use\" made", "i5UoIvISKNE-00006-00003075-00003914": "in the 1800's 15/16\" blade barbers not it is a wedge excellent", "i5UoIvISKNE-00007-00003914-00004662": "excellent razor yeah tonight for our soaps we are", "i5UoIvISKNE-00008-00004662-00005184": "using Expedition Soaps and this is \"Captain Clark\"", "i5UoIvISKNE-00009-00005184-00005987": "now this is just a magnificent scent it really has quite an outdoorsy feel and", "i5UoIvISKNE-00010-00005987-00006959": "this one has Tobacco and Leather as the top notes and then the next level down", "i5UoIvISKNE-00011-00006959-00007736": "it has got Oakmoss, Citrus and Sage so this is very outdoorsy", "i5UoIvISKNE-00012-00007736-00008364": "I really am enjoying this one alright and for our brush tonight we're using my", "i5UoIvISKNE-00013-00008364-00008913": "Omega 10098 that excellent always good", "i5UoIvISKNE-00014-00008913-00009440": "now I've had that puck blooming and the pour off that bloom water we're gonna put", "i5UoIvISKNE-00015-00009440-00010525": "that one as a pre-shave and get this shave going alright how are you doing it", "i5UoIvISKNE-00016-00010577-00011422": "it is weekend nice the Sunday Shave hopefully you've had a good weekend", "i5UoIvISKNE-00017-00011422-00012603": "being able to spend time with family and friends really enjoy yourself and get", "i5UoIvISKNE-00018-00012603-00012997": "some good shaves I hope I hope you're having great shape", "i5UoIvISKNE-00019-00012997-00013921": "yep now I hope you're all so well and the world's treating you good you're in", "i5UoIvISKNE-00020-00013921-00015153": "high spirits okay now here we go let's get that brush loaded up all right", "i5UoIvISKNE-00021-00015153-00016081": "hopefully you enjoyed the Friday Straight Razor Edge Special yeah yeah", "i5UoIvISKNE-00022-00016081-00016738": "Straight Razor Edge Friday every Special is done on the first and third Friday of", "i5UoIvISKNE-00023-00016738-00017572": "each month so hopefully you're finding that informative and useful yeah so this", "i5UoIvISKNE-00024-00017572-00018550": "last one I debuted this soap actually and Aaron has come up with this and it is", "i5UoIvISKNE-00025-00018550-00019446": "just a marvelous scent I really enjoy it and it's good performing soap as well so", "i5UoIvISKNE-00026-00019476-00020404": "this is soap made in homage or honor of Captain William Clark of the Lewis and", "i5UoIvISKNE-00027-00020404-00021229": "Clark Expedition and it is just very outdoorsy I really enjoy it because as", "i5UoIvISKNE-00028-00021229-00021793": "you guys know I really enjoy being outdoors so there you go", "i5UoIvISKNE-00029-00021793-00022617": "and now the whole story behind this soap and how everything came about really", "i5UoIvISKNE-00030-00022617-00023401": "will be in the description okay and you can check it out there and I'm sure if", "i5UoIvISKNE-00031-00023401-00023962": "you have any questions you can just throw them in the comments and we'll", "i5UoIvISKNE-00032-00023962-00024658": "figure it out yeah now I of course made a mess like normal but that's okay no", "i5UoIvISKNE-00033-00024658-00025407": "big deal I always do it sometimes it's", "i5UoIvISKNE-00034-00025418-00026441": "may I think better to just enjoy it yep so there we get all got that come on", "i5UoIvISKNE-00035-00026441-00027206": "yeah now in the description you can find links to a whole bunch of my other", "i5UoIvISKNE-00036-00027206-00027752": "straight razor edge Friday specials that I think will be helpful so go ahead and", "i5UoIvISKNE-00037-00027752-00028402": "check that out in the description there you go with this nice and see what you", "i5UoIvISKNE-00038-00028402-00029177": "can find all right now let's get our lather on we're going to just paint that", "i5UoIvISKNE-00039-00029177-00030506": "a lot and this is think this is at least three or four days growth so I you know", "i5UoIvISKNE-00040-00030506-00031385": "I just kind of gonna push this one to the limit and you know just like on the", "i5UoIvISKNE-00041-00031385-00031618": "trail", "i5UoIvISKNE-00042-00031657-00032207": "you're not gonna shave every day I'm sure Lewis and Clark didn't shave", "i5UoIvISKNE-00043-00032207-00033734": "every day but when they did they would I'm sure have a marvelous shave all", "i5UoIvISKNE-00044-00033734-00034322": "right look at that lather it's that great of water I think we kick it up", "i5UoIvISKNE-00045-00034322-00035636": "even more oh yeah there you go what do that hmm excellent excellent so", "i5UoIvISKNE-00046-00035636-00036613": "Aaron really enjoying it the scent is just fabulous performance is there", "i5UoIvISKNE-00047-00037587-00038634": "there we go okay now this is past one so this is primarily with the grain so", "i5UoIvISKNE-00048-00038634-00039059": "let's get going and let's do it", "i5UoIvISKNE-00049-00042297-00043050": "oh yeah nice there it is and look at that so it's that greater", "i5UoIvISKNE-00050-00043050-00043665": "watt and check this out blew right through that move right through the", "i5UoIvISKNE-00051-00043665-00043907": "whiskers", "i5UoIvISKNE-00052-00051274-00052565": "oh yeah check this out great absolutely fabulous cushion okay", "i5UoIvISKNE-00053-00057866-00058854": "nice right now we're switching hands let's do this other side", "i5UoIvISKNE-00054-00068524-00069985": "check that out good stuff yep yeah right and now you can find Aaron one Instagram", "i5UoIvISKNE-00055-00069985-00070555": "I'm gonna put it right here all right and you can check it out there and see", "i5UoIvISKNE-00056-00070555-00070854": "what he's doing", "i5UoIvISKNE-00057-00072447-00073599": "all right pass one complete let's get her going on here okay now just blew", "i5UoIvISKNE-00058-00073599-00074859": "right through those whiskers like butter yep nice oh yeah good good good", "i5UoIvISKNE-00059-00074859-00076134": "all right let's go to the half past are the past to pass it here yet I do have", "i5UoIvISKNE-00060-00076134-00076584": "some ideas about the half past though that I will be sharing with you in the", "i5UoIvISKNE-00061-00076584-00078162": "future I may be incorporating that in a different way okay now look at that", "i5UoIvISKNE-00062-00078162-00078941": "beautiful now we're gonna just get a little bit more water on that", "i5UoIvISKNE-00063-00079216-00081742": "oh yeah okay I do the shape of the day videos on", "i5UoIvISKNE-00064-00081742-00082423": "Wednesdays and Sundays so stop by and check it out yeah you can see how my", "i5UoIvISKNE-00065-00082423-00083200": "shapes are going see what I'm using always good and it's always good to see", "i5UoIvISKNE-00066-00083200-00083525": "you here as well", "i5UoIvISKNE-00067-00084438-00085461": "I do enjoy when do you guys drop by you know each and every one is just so", "i5UoIvISKNE-00068-00085461-00085947": "wonderful and I've made so many good friends it's just absolutely incredible", "i5UoIvISKNE-00069-00085947-00086781": "so thank you now we're going to go against the grain on my cheeks here this", "i5UoIvISKNE-00070-00086781-00087357": "is going to be across the grain on my neck against the grain right through", "i5UoIvISKNE-00071-00087357-00087719": "there all right let's do it", "i5UoIvISKNE-00072-00095430-00096475": "you know the Lewis and Clark expedition was between and started 1804 and went to", "i5UoIvISKNE-00073-00096475-00097029": "1806 so that was pretty cool you know William", "i5UoIvISKNE-00074-00097029-00097759": "Captain William Clark actually made a map of the West before maps were made", "i5UoIvISKNE-00075-00097759-00099340": "back then for that area 3700 miles and I think he was only off like maybe 40", "i5UoIvISKNE-00076-00099340-00099768": "miles the whole for the whole thing", "i5UoIvISKNE-00077-00104143-00104686": "really is an incredible story when you think about it", "i5UoIvISKNE-00078-00107231-00108019": "all right now switching hands let's get this other side", "i5UoIvISKNE-00079-00109619-00110058": "all right weighted blade only", "i5UoIvISKNE-00080-00112668-00112874": "you", "i5UoIvISKNE-00081-00116661-00117033": "yeah nice", "i5UoIvISKNE-00082-00119515-00120389": "okay mash to complete nice let's get that washed off see how we did", "i5UoIvISKNE-00083-00120389-00122058": "I think it is brilliant oh yeah nice that is really good Wow do", "i5UoIvISKNE-00084-00122058-00122891": "that close close close close shave I'm telling you this is the ticket right", "i5UoIvISKNE-00085-00122891-00123860": "here this great soap and it is got great residual slickness it is amazing with", "i5UoIvISKNE-00086-00123860-00124753": "that and you see the cushion that this so passed really good", "i5UoIvISKNE-00087-00125582-00127238": "tremendous louder well done well done Aaron mm-hmm we have a piece on that all", "i5UoIvISKNE-00088-00127238-00128551": "right now this is the half pass and what we're gonna do it yes", "i5UoIvISKNE-00089-00128586-00129169": "we're gonna go against the grain primarily", "i5UoIvISKNE-00090-00135670-00136888": "oh yeah Wow nice nice really good I hope you're having a good chase I really hope", "i5UoIvISKNE-00091-00136888-00137172": "you have a great chase", "i5UoIvISKNE-00092-00144359-00144659": "right", "i5UoIvISKNE-00093-00145874-00146516": "there you have it no shame in the books yeah real good", "i5UoIvISKNE-00094-00146516-00148648": "oh nice comfortable close-up it's so good really is right let's leave that", "i5UoIvISKNE-00095-00148648-00149615": "look at that brilliant or what Wow so good all right next up a loom", "i5UoIvISKNE-00096-00149615-00149884": "everywhere", "i5UoIvISKNE-00097-00150939-00152012": "yeah we dry that off nice really good stuff yeah since that's so past some", "i5UoIvISKNE-00098-00152012-00152977": "citrus notes in the secondary we're doing layers living which hazel yeah we", "i5UoIvISKNE-00099-00152977-00153436": "are we're going through that one first", "i5UoIvISKNE-00100-00154084-00155127": "and of course I put that everywhere I do yep next up from the calumny think", "i5UoIvISKNE-00101-00155202-00156064": "Clubman and this is the penang clubbin this is an excellent excellent scent for", "i5UoIvISKNE-00102-00156064-00156586": "this soap I actually got this just for yourself actually", "i5UoIvISKNE-00103-00156586-00157712": "mmm what a marvelous marvelous complement really works alright hey", "i5UoIvISKNE-00104-00157712-00158365": "thank you I really appreciate you guys you can click right up here and see the", "i5UoIvISKNE-00105-00158365-00158834": "best one pass shade for beginners that you've ever seen in your life", "i5UoIvISKNE-00106-00158834-00159434": "alright you click right over here to see my latest video click down here on a", "i5UoIvISKNE-00107-00159434-00159836": "video especially picked out for you click over here on me subscribe like", "i5UoIvISKNE-00108-00159836-00160232": "comment share this video with your friends have a great shave and a good", "i5UoIvISKNE-00109-00160232-00160839": "day and I will see you next time on adventures in wet shaving"}}, {"audio_id": "i6qSOcPz8JY", "text": {"i6qSOcPz8JY-00000-00000049-00000364": "In the last video we saw that the two chair shapes, or the", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00001-00000364-00000708": "two chair configurations of just plain vanilla", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00002-00000708-00000936": "cyclohexane, were equally stable.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00003-00000936-00001256": "There was nothing that would imply that this is more stable", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00004-00001256-00001419": "than that or vice versa.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00005-00001419-00001761": "What we want to do in this video is address what happens", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00006-00001761-00002109": "if, instead of just a pure cyclohexane, what if we added", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00007-00002109-00002229": "a methyl group to it?", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00008-00002229-00002529": "And so instead of just a cyclohexane, let's think about", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00009-00002529-00002974": "a methylcyclohexane, so we know what to do when we're", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00010-00002974-00003052": "naming things.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00011-00003052-00003572": "So methylcyclohexane will look like that.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00012-00003572-00003734": "We'll have a hexagon here.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00013-00003734-00003999": "This is the way we've been drawing it historically.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00014-00003999-00004186": "We've been drawing it just like that.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00015-00004186-00004318": "And then we'll have a methyl group.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00016-00004318-00004604": "And you could literally just draw a methyl group like this", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00017-00004604-00004812": "or maybe like this.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00018-00004812-00005103": "And by implication, you have a carbon here, essentially a CH3", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00019-00005103-00005295": "group here, and, of course, you have another hydrogen", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00020-00005295-00005407": "bonded here.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00021-00005407-00005736": "Now, if you were to draw this methyl group in three", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00022-00005736-00006035": "dimensions like this, it would look just like our different", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00023-00006035-00006398": "chair positions before, but instead of this H being just", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00024-00006398-00006622": "an H, we could make this entire methyl group, so we", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00025-00006622-00007120": "could turn this CH3 right here, so this-- let me draw it", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00026-00007120-00007301": "out in a different color.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00027-00007301-00007684": "We could make this carbon that implicitly has three hydrogens", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00028-00007684-00008036": "on it, so this is a CH3 group that is a methyl group that's", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00029-00008036-00008117": "right there.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00030-00008117-00008467": "We could substitute one of these hydrogens with it, and", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00031-00008467-00008725": "then this would be one of the shapes of this", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00032-00008725-00009125": "methylcyclohexane, CH3.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00033-00009125-00009341": "Let me write it down, just to practice our naming.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00034-00009341-00009466": "So this is methylcyclohexane.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00035-00010006-00010266": "Now, this is one of their chair positions, and then if", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00036-00010266-00010588": "this were to flip down and the other side were to flip up,", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00037-00010588-00010912": "the other chair position would take this methyl group from", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00038-00010912-00011169": "being in an axial position, and it would put it in an", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00039-00011169-00011295": "equatorial position.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00040-00011295-00011470": "So this is the same group right here.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00041-00011470-00011574": "Let me put a circle around it.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00042-00011574-00011723": "It's a whole group.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00043-00011723-00011884": "That's the CH3.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00044-00011884-00012188": "Now, the question we want to answer in this video, is one", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00045-00012188-00012561": "of these two configurations going to be more stable?", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00046-00012561-00012796": "Now, you might just be able to eyeball it looking at this", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00047-00012796-00013162": "diagram, and say, hey, when we're in the position where", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00048-00013162-00013478": "the methyl group is in the axial position, it's going to", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00049-00013478-00013730": "be closer to all of these other carbons over here,", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00050-00013730-00013891": "closer to their electron clouds.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00051-00013891-00014071": "Maybe it has higher potential energy.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00052-00014071-00014208": "Maybe it'll want to spring away.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00053-00014208-00014447": "And if that was what you're guessing or what you're kind", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00054-00014447-00014756": "of eyeballing, you'd be right, because in this position, this", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00055-00014756-00015022": "methyl is much further away from all of the stuff out", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00056-00015022-00015262": "here, so there'll be less, I guess you can consider it,", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00057-00015262-00015768": "electron cloud crowding, if you will.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00058-00015768-00016241": "Now, to see that a little bit more clear, I want to do what", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00059-00016241-00016459": "we call a double Newman diagram.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00060-00016459-00016642": "And really, that's the whole motivation of this video is to", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00061-00016642-00016754": "kind of expose you to that.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00062-00016754-00017126": "A Newman diagram isn't just useful for simple things like", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00063-00017126-00017279": "a butane or an ethane.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00064-00017279-00017481": "You can actually do it with cyclical rings.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00065-00017481-00017811": "And to do the Newman diagram, let me number these carbons.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00066-00017811-00017943": "So we could number them like this.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00067-00017943-00018502": "So this is carbon one, two, three, four, five, six.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00068-00018502-00018796": "And you don't have to call this one methylcyclohexane,", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00069-00018796-00019237": "because whenever you have only one group attached to the", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00070-00019237-00019576": "ring, you implicitly start numbering at the carbon that", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00071-00019576-00019682": "the group is attached.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00072-00019682-00019857": "So that is the one carbon over here.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00073-00019857-00020403": "This is the one carbon, two, three, four, five, six.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00074-00020403-00020774": "And over here, once again, is the one carbon, two, three,", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00075-00020774-00020985": "four, five, six.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00076-00020985-00021358": "Now, what I want to do is draw two Newman projections, and", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00077-00021358-00021507": "both of them will involve-- well, actually, I'll draw", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00078-00021507-00021724": "four, but you'll see what I'm talking about in a second.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00079-00021724-00021903": "So the first Newman projection, I'm going to start", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00080-00021903-00022361": "at that carbon right over there.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00081-00022361-00022522": "So let's think about what that would look like.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00082-00022522-00022723": "So we're at the front.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00083-00022723-00022910": "We're staring straight on to that carbon.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00084-00022910-00023228": "So this carbon's in the front, this carbon over here.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00085-00023228-00023461": "This carbon, carbon number two, is in the back.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00086-00023461-00023547": "So let me label this.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00087-00023547-00023855": "This is carbon number one that we're looking head on.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00088-00023855-00024015": "Now, right in the axial position you", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00089-00024015-00024117": "have that methyl group.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00090-00024117-00024280": "So let me draw that.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00091-00024280-00024891": "So in the axial position you have that methyl group right", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00092-00024891-00024981": "over there.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00093-00024981-00025263": "And then in the equatorial position right here, you have", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00094-00025263-00025362": "this hydrogen.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00095-00025362-00025619": "Let me draw that.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00096-00025619-00025870": "So you have this hydrogen.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00097-00025870-00026170": "And then over here, this bond right over here, this gets us", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00098-00026170-00026352": "to another CH2 group.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00099-00026352-00026545": "Let me draw that like this.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00100-00026545-00026924": "So that gets us to another CH2.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00101-00026924-00027080": "That's a CH2 right there, right?", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00102-00027080-00027327": "Or maybe I should circle it like this.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00103-00027327-00027458": "This whole thing is a CH2.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00104-00027458-00027666": "So it's bonded to the carbon, but the carbon has two", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00105-00027666-00027770": "hydrogens on it.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00106-00027770-00028154": "And this is actually carbon number six.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00107-00028154-00028245": "So this is the front.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00108-00028245-00028526": "Now, if we're staring straight and carbon number two is right", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00109-00028526-00028745": "behind it-- let me draw carbon number two.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00110-00028745-00028905": "I'll do it in this blue color.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00111-00028905-00029304": "So carbon number two, that bigger circle.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00112-00029304-00029620": "Now carbon number two, what's going on over there?", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00113-00029620-00029999": "It has a hydrogen in the axial position going straight down.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00114-00030388-00030566": "This hydrogen right over there.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00115-00030566-00031068": "And it has another hydrogen going equatorial.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00116-00031068-00031344": "So this green hydrogen right here is going equatorial.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00117-00031344-00031497": "It looks like that.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00118-00031497-00031792": "And then it connects to carbon number three,", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00119-00031792-00031906": "which is another CH2.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00120-00031906-00032106": "It has two hydrogens branching off of it.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00121-00032399-00032533": "In front, we have carbon number one.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00122-00032533-00032769": "In the back, we have carbon number two.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00123-00032769-00033004": "Let me color code it a little better.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00124-00033004-00033167": "Carbon number two.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00125-00033167-00033571": "And then carbon number two branches off to-- so if you", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00126-00033571-00034085": "think of this branch right here, that's carbon number two", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00127-00034085-00034444": "branching off to carbon number three, or CH3 right there.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00128-00034444-00034620": "Let me do that in a new color.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00129-00034620-00034840": "So this is actually a CH2 group.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00130-00034840-00034913": "That's a CH2.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00131-00034913-00035235": "This is a carbon, and it has two hydrogens, right?", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00132-00035235-00035443": "So this is a CH2.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00133-00035443-00035917": "This is carbon number three right there.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00134-00035917-00036392": "And then that goes-- and actually, I'll pause there.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00135-00036392-00036823": "What I'll do now is I'll draw another Newman projection, but", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00136-00036823-00037419": "for this Newman projection, we'll be looking straight on", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00137-00037419-00037783": "our carbon number five.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00138-00037783-00038054": "We're going to see we're going to form a ring because the", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00139-00038054-00038213": "first Newman projection we just did", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00140-00038213-00038343": "essentially covers this bond.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00141-00038343-00038601": "This bond is sitting straight into the screen the way I did", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00142-00038601-00038641": "it right now.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00143-00038641-00038987": "Carbon number two is directly behind carbon number one.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00144-00038987-00039367": "So I guess the opposite side of the ring is five to four.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00145-00039367-00039607": "If you look at, here, one to two is there, and then five to", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00146-00039607-00039711": "four is just like that.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00147-00039711-00039923": "So you can imagine when we're doing the Newman projections,", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00148-00039923-00040192": "we're looking straight on here on the left Newman projection.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00149-00040192-00040437": "We're going to look straight in that direction on the right", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00150-00040437-00040537": "Newman projection.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00151-00040537-00041040": "So if we have carbon number five in front, what are its", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00152-00041040-00041188": "bonds going to look like?", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00153-00041188-00041665": "Well, it's going to bond to carbon number six over here.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00154-00041665-00042007": "So we can make this right-- let me do that", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00155-00042007-00042145": "in a different color.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00156-00042145-00042618": "This right here, this bond right here is this bond right", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00157-00042618-00042919": "here to that same CH2 that our first Newman", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00158-00042919-00043076": "projection bonded to.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00159-00043076-00043407": "And then he's going to have two hydrogens.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00160-00043407-00043503": "I haven't drawn them here.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00161-00043503-00043676": "Let me draw them, just so you can see them.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00162-00043676-00043942": "It's going to have two hydrogens, one in an axial", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00163-00043942-00044331": "position and one in an equatorial position.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00164-00044331-00044542": "It's hard to see now, but he's going to have one hydrogen in", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00165-00044542-00044826": "an axial and one in an equatorial position.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00166-00044826-00044974": "And then in the back we're going to draw", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00167-00044974-00045071": "carbon number four.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00168-00045071-00045357": "And carbon number four, I will do in this green color.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00169-00045357-00045614": "So carbon number four-- actually, , well, yeah I'll do", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00170-00045614-00045858": "carbon number four in that green color.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00171-00045858-00046072": "This is really just an exercise in visualization.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00172-00046072-00046199": "That's why I wanted to do it with you.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00173-00046199-00046548": "So carbon number four has an axial hydrogen, so it has a", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00174-00046548-00046679": "hydrogen pointing straight down.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00175-00046679-00046847": "That hydrogen is that hydrogen.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00176-00046847-00047224": "It has an equatorial hydrogen going out like that.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00177-00047224-00047489": "And then it bonds to carbon number three.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00178-00047489-00048111": "So this bond right here is this bond just like that.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00179-00048111-00048458": "So what do we see immediately when we", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00180-00048458-00048605": "draw this chair position?", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00181-00048605-00048907": "When our methyl group is in the axial", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00182-00048907-00049014": "position, what do we see?", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00183-00049014-00049581": "Methyl in axial position.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00184-00049581-00049793": "We see that it's gauche, or gowche.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00185-00049793-00049949": "I don't know the best way to pronounce it.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00186-00049949-00050381": "It's only 60 degrees away from carbon number three.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00187-00050381-00050701": "This is only 60 degrees, or a dihedral angle.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00188-00050701-00051013": "When you use the Newman projection, this is only a", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00189-00051013-00051358": "60-degree angle.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00190-00051358-00051830": "It is gauche to carbon number three.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00191-00051830-00051988": "So maybe they're crowding each other a little bit.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00192-00051988-00052307": "Let's compare it to the situation where our methyl", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00193-00052307-00052801": "group is equatorial, where the carbon that it's attached to", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00194-00052801-00052949": "is on the down part of the chair.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00195-00052949-00053191": "Let's see what that Newman projection looks like.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00196-00053191-00053429": "So same thing.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00197-00053429-00053648": "Let me scroll over to the right a little bit.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00198-00053648-00054257": "So this is this configuration and it's in equilibrium with", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00199-00054257-00054466": "this configuration right here.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00200-00054466-00054620": "We'll do the exact same exercise.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00201-00054620-00054704": "Carbon number one.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00202-00054704-00055108": "But now carbon number one, in carbon number one right here,", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00203-00055108-00055525": "the hydrogen is now axial and it's pointing straight down.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00204-00055525-00055657": "Let me draw that.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00205-00055657-00056083": "So we have a hydrogen pointing straight down now.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00206-00056083-00056749": "Hydrogen's pointing down and now the CH3 is in an", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00207-00056749-00057091": "equatorial position, which you can see more clearly on this", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00208-00057091-00057152": "than over here.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00209-00057152-00057401": "So you have a CH3.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00210-00057401-00057614": "The methyl group is right there.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00211-00057614-00058092": "And now this bond to carbon number six", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00212-00058092-00058217": "will look like this.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00213-00058459-00058589": "So you have a CH2.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00214-00058589-00058926": "This is number six right over there.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00215-00058926-00059151": "And now if we were to go to the back, if we were go to", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00216-00059151-00059449": "carbon number two in the back, which we had done in the blue", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00217-00059449-00059713": "color before, so I'll do it in the blue color again.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00218-00059713-00060060": "Carbon number two in black, it has a hydrogen in the axial", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00219-00060060-00060346": "position going straight up.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00220-00060346-00060465": "That's that hydrogen right there.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00221-00060465-00060674": "It has a hydrogen going straight up.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00222-00060674-00061141": "It has another hydrogen over here, and then it bonds to", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00223-00061141-00061739": "carbon number three in the back, so CH2 over here.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00224-00061739-00061934": "So this guy's the same thing as this guy, but now we've", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00225-00061934-00062294": "flipped configurations, so he bonds to that guy in the back.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00226-00062294-00062684": "And now we do the Newman diagram looking straight on to", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00227-00062684-00063087": "carbon number five, or looking, actually, straight on", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00228-00063087-00063230": "to-- right, carbon number five.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00229-00063230-00063617": "So we're looking straight in this direction for this Newman", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00230-00063617-00063665": "projection.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00231-00063665-00063910": "Now we're going to look straight in this direction for", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00232-00063910-00064066": "our other Newman projection.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00233-00064066-00064620": "So carbon number five, if we draw it in the front-- I", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00234-00064620-00064889": "haven't drawn it here, but it has a hydrogen at the axial", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00235-00064889-00065078": "position, and it has a hydrogen in", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00236-00065078-00065240": "the equatorial position.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00237-00065240-00065843": "So carbon number five, if we look at this, and this is", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00238-00065843-00066080": "really-- if you're getting a little stressed out about this", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00239-00066080-00066249": "because it's a little hard to understand, you", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00240-00066249-00066336": "might want to rewatch.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00241-00066336-00066659": "This is really just an example of visualizations.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00242-00066659-00066848": "I really hope this isn't confusing you.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00243-00066848-00067095": "If you find this really daunting, this isn't going to", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00244-00067095-00067413": "really trip you up in the rest of organic chemistry, but if", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00245-00067413-00067520": "you can get it, it's even better.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00246-00067520-00067703": "You'll be that much better at visualizing", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00247-00067703-00067872": "some of these molecules.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00248-00067872-00068224": "So if we look straight on at carbon number five, we have a", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00249-00068224-00068482": "hydrogen in the axial position coming straight down.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00250-00068825-00069100": "It is bonded.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00251-00069100-00069718": "Carbon number five is bonded to carbon number six, which is", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00252-00069718-00070115": "right over there.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00253-00070115-00070245": "So let me make it very clear.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00254-00070245-00070488": "So this bond right here, I want to do it", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00255-00070488-00070707": "in a different color.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00256-00070707-00071033": "This bond it right here is the same thing as this one.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00257-00071033-00071299": "This is a really good way to-- if you can do this, then your", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00258-00071299-00071549": "brain is pretty good at translating between Newman", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00259-00071549-00071809": "projections and these kind of seat diagrams", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00260-00071809-00071929": "that we have up here.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00261-00071929-00072150": "So this is this bond.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00262-00072150-00072675": "This axial hydrogen is this axial hydrogen.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00263-00072675-00072913": "And then we have another hydrogen.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00264-00072913-00073158": "We have this hydrogen right here, which would", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00265-00073158-00073255": "be that like that.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00266-00073255-00073503": "And then behind it, you have carbon number four.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00267-00073503-00074005": "Carbon number four is like that, so carbon number four,", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00268-00074005-00074129": "draw a circle.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00269-00074129-00074505": "It has a hydrogen in its axial position, another hydrogen", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00270-00074505-00074790": "like that, and then it bonds to carbon number three.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00271-00074790-00074977": "So this was number three right here.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00272-00074977-00075112": "So just like that.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00273-00075112-00075361": "So what do we see about this methyl group here?", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00274-00075361-00075788": "In this situation, this methyl group is anti-.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00275-00075788-00075920": "There's two ways to think about it.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00276-00075920-00076327": "It's dihedral angle versus carbon number", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00277-00076327-00076585": "three is now 180 degrees.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00278-00076585-00076824": "Over here it was gauche.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00279-00076824-00077108": "Its dihedral angle to carbon number three was 60 degrees.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00280-00077108-00077287": "Now, it's 180 degrees.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00281-00077287-00077426": "So it's much further.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00282-00077426-00077634": "And now its dihedral angle to carbon number", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00283-00077634-00078000": "six is also 120 degrees.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00284-00078000-00078355": "So in this situation, where our methyl group is", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00285-00078355-00078582": "equatorial, it's axial here.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00286-00078582-00078865": "It's equatorial here when we jumped back down because", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00287-00078865-00078970": "notice, it's parallel.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00288-00078970-00079206": "The bond is parallel to parts of the ring.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00289-00079206-00079473": "In this situation, we are farther away from the other", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00290-00079473-00079557": "methyl groups.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00291-00079557-00079749": "There's less crowding, and so this is", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00292-00079749-00079923": "a more stable situation.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00293-00079923-00081323": "So you could say it is anti-configuration relative to", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00294-00081323-00081749": "carbon number three, while over here, it was gauche to", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00295-00081749-00081865": "carbon number three.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00296-00081865-00081939": "I don't know if I'm saying it.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00297-00081939-00082027": "Is it gowche, gauche?", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00298-00082027-00082161": "I don't know the best way to pronounce it.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00299-00082161-00082333": "So in this case, there's less crowding.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00300-00082333-00082961": "This is more stable, lower potential energy.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00301-00082961-00083086": "So hopefully you found that interesting.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00302-00083086-00083467": "This was really a way, just an exercise in being able to go", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00303-00083467-00083632": "from this visualization to kind of this", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00304-00083632-00083804": "double Newman diagram.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00305-00083804-00084055": "And if it makes it any easier, the way you could think about", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00306-00084055-00084455": "it is we're kind of viewing in this Newman diagram right", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00307-00084455-00084748": "here, where this carbon number six is this carbon number six.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00308-00084748-00084945": "This CH2 is this one back there.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00309-00084945-00085175": "So when we're looking at it from this, we're kind of", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00310-00085175-00085594": "looking at this hexane ring from this direction.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00311-00085594-00085735": "We see this in front.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00312-00085735-00085983": "This is this, and we see that in back.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00313-00085983-00086109": "That is that.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00314-00086109-00086267": "Over here, same thing.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00315-00086267-00086965": "We're looking at it directly from this direction.", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00316-00086965-00087366": "We see this guy on top is over here, and this guy on the", "i6qSOcPz8JY-00317-00087366-00087491": "bottom is over here."}}, {"audio_id": "i79Gypj7mjQ", "text": {"i79Gypj7mjQ-00000-00000024-00000143": "We help", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00001-00000143-00000821": "and cover our borders in this direction but we don’t use Russian personnel", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00002-00000821-00001456": "but helicopters and several aircraft in Baranovichi, Gomel, and Luninets.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00003-00001667-00002234": "They will stay here until I tell the Russian president I don’t need them anymore,", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00004-00002234-00002874": "until I deploy another five battalion tactical groups here in order to cover this direction.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00005-00002874-00003668": "This is why on this border General Lappo has border service units and mobile groups, right?", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00006-00003668-00003845": "Your border guardsmen.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00007-00003845-00004662": "Five battalion tactical groups operate slightly above and deeper in association with the border service.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00008-00004662-00005082": "- And another five will be deployed soon. Did I make any errors? - No errors.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00009-00005121-00005418": "That's complete and secret information for you.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00010-00005518-00006224": "This is why there is no need to yell and shout that we will enter Ukraine from Vitebsk or from somewhere else.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00011-00006224-00006409": "It is not our task.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00012-00006409-00006760": "I even ask Putin to help us.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00013-00006760-00006964": "With what?", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00014-00006964-00007233": "We have to cover the western direction.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00015-00007233-00007628": "Do you remember me saying we will not allow Russians to be shot in the back?", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00016-00007628-00007828": "I meant this.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00017-00007828-00008530": "On the eve of the conflict we received [information] and this information was verified later on. We saw it.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00018-00008530-00008852": "We saw it in the open. They were moving here... Here they are!", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00019-00008904-00009150": "Blue color. Look! Next to the border.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00020-00009150-00009874": "Divisions and battalions of Poland's and Lithuania's Armed Forces are located here, in Lithuania and Poland.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00021-00009966-00010406": "We see what they are doing. They are moving weapons and personnel there.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00022-00010406-00011482": "And over there, right at the border line I have (it is Lappo's units again) border guard stations and mobile forces.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00023-00011516-00012098": "Yes, interaction with police and individual army units, which are left after those refugees...", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00024-00012098-00012302": "But they are not sufficient.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00025-00012302-00012754": "This is why I’ve decided to close the border.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00026-00012754-00013419": "And prevent an invasion into Belarus’ territory from the side of NATO forces by any means.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00027-00013419-00014073": "And [prevent] even the smallest operations in our territory from their side.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00028-00014250-00015494": "Because Karanik will deal with the referendum while several groups break in, carry out acts of terrorism to stir up the population and what’s next?", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00029-00015494-00016230": "This is why put on the military uniform and work with the military aide.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00030-00016230-00016652": "And together with Shuleiko there is one more military person there.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00031-00016771-00017131": "Stay on your guard. Sit down. I don't need reports.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00032-00017351-00017711": "This is how we participate in this operation.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00033-00017711-00017976": "We cover this border.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00034-00018022-00018580": "When we deployed all the air defense systems here", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00035-00018580-00019101": "I am not going to specify the locations. They may not be a secret for NATO. They see everything.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00036-00019101-00019320": "S-300PS, right?", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00037-00019320-00019567": "New Tor-M2 systems that we've bought.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00038-00019567-00020203": "In other locations Pantsir-S systems, which we are buying, and some are left by Russia now.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00039-00020203-00020655": "We concentrate forces here in order to close the border.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00040-00020655-00020893": "I've explained how we are going to cover things here.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00041-00020893-00021319": "It turns out we don’t have enough military hardware.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00042-00021319-00021727": "We will have enough personnel.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00043-00021727-00022859": "I’ve contacted Putin to get an S-400 air defense missile system in addition to the S-400 system deployed in Gomel Oblast.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00044-00022859-00023168": "In order to cover not only Minsk.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00045-00023168-00023668": "I think S-400 Triumf can see as far as 600km, right?", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00046-00023668-00023951": "The detection distance is 600km, the destruction distance is 400km.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00047-00023951-00024215": "- Destruction within 400km and can see for 600km? - Affirmative.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00048-00024215-00024501": "It is a good weapon. Very good.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00049-00024501-00024703": "This is why we look forward to deliveries here.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00050-00024703-00025231": "As well as deliveries of other hardware we need to cover here.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00051-00025231-00025697": "It is our future participation in this operation, which is what we are doing now.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00052-00025697-00026291": "But I repeat once again: I have not moved a single army unit from a permanent base.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00053-00026291-00026544": "Not a single unit of the Armed Forces!", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00054-00026544-00026817": "They stand ready. All are ready.", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00055-00026817-00027124": "And if mobilization is necessary, we’ve verified all the lists", "i79Gypj7mjQ-00056-00027124-00027918": "and within 2-3 days we will mobilize all the units we need mobilized on a war footing."}}, {"audio_id": "i7lr2ffNLzI", "text": {"i7lr2ffNLzI-00000-00000057-00000462": "Come on now quickly, like come on quickly put the fire on.", "i7lr2ffNLzI-00001-00000518-00000708": "I want to see it explode.", "i7lr2ffNLzI-00002-00000976-00001096": "1, 2, 3.", "i7lr2ffNLzI-00003-00001284-00001673": "Woah! Woah!Come on! COME ON!!", "i7lr2ffNLzI-00004-00001805-00002050": "Holy Fucking Shit!!!", "i7lr2ffNLzI-00005-00002186-00002586": "Come on, I'm lagging hard. I'm lagging really, really hard.", "i7lr2ffNLzI-00006-00002669-00002719": "Wait.", "i7lr2ffNLzI-00007-00002719-00002835": "I'm not lagging.", "i7lr2ffNLzI-00008-00002835-00002897": "What the fuck ?", "i7lr2ffNLzI-00009-00002897-00003003": "Oh!!!, Fireworks", "i7lr2ffNLzI-00010-00003156-00003429": "Woah! , Woah!, Amazing!!. Sorry.", "i7lr2ffNLzI-00011-00003542-00003776": "Come on! That was Fantastic.!!", "i7lr2ffNLzI-00012-00003886-00004068": "Aren't I right , Jelo ?", "i7lr2ffNLzI-00013-00004168-00004232": "Yes.", "i7lr2ffNLzI-00014-00004376-00004760": "Well, that's it guys, that's it? That's it for this video.", "i7lr2ffNLzI-00015-00004846-00004980": "NOO!!!!", "i7lr2ffNLzI-00016-00004980-00005162": "What do you mean by 'no', you faggot ?", "i7lr2ffNLzI-00017-00005476-00005660": "Do you have anything to say?", "i7lr2ffNLzI-00018-00005734-00005784": "Nope.", "i7lr2ffNLzI-00019-00005852-00006052": "So, introduce yourself a bit.", "i7lr2ffNLzI-00020-00006238-00006414": "Thanks!!, No.", "i7lr2ffNLzI-00021-00006423-00006623": "Okay.. Bye!!!!", "i7lr2ffNLzI-00022-00008148-00008332": "Let me view with the camera.", "i7lr2ffNLzI-00023-00008526-00008752": "AH!!!!!!!!!!!!", "i7lr2ffNLzI-00024-00008766-00008896": "I got killed!!!", "i7lr2ffNLzI-00025-00009028-00009102": "Rascal!", "i7lr2ffNLzI-00026-00009106-00009400": "*Laughs*", "i7lr2ffNLzI-00027-00009400-00009602": "I Fucking trolled you!!", "i7lr2ffNLzI-00028-00010200-00010458": "What's this ? I'm being summoned at the same place over and over again."}}, {"audio_id": "i82InE-4SCk", "text": {"i82InE-4SCk-00000-00002888-00003239": "playing games your friends commentators and i don't know what you say about our", "i82InE-4SCk-00001-00003239-00003560": "private conversations but it's got them hating things", "i82InE-4SCk-00002-00003560-00003839": "you'll be claiming it's cool i'm done with you so they can throw you a", "i82InE-4SCk-00003-00003839-00004207": "celebration you gon hate it when you see me with somebody living better i'm", "i82InE-4SCk-00004-00004207-00005039": "trying to tell you that me just doing me gonna have you jealous um", "i82InE-4SCk-00005-00006600-00008748": "so now i gotta say goodbye", "i82InE-4SCk-00006-00008864-00012311": "so now i gotta say goodbye", "i82InE-4SCk-00007-00012311-00012768": "uh yeah my life is lovely now i'm focused on me you said you were about to", "i82InE-4SCk-00008-00012768-00013144": "die i guess the car is on but see i ain't even tripping cause i just chose", "i82InE-4SCk-00009-00013144-00013544": "to believe that somebody gon come around and give me just what i need i don't", "i82InE-4SCk-00010-00013544-00013936": "wanna see you finally see you looking down and out coming to me crying saying", "i82InE-4SCk-00011-00013936-00014304": "you miss having me around give you chances and you're doing you so easily", "i82InE-4SCk-00012-00014304-00014663": "influenced all the times you told me read it now you gotta face the music i'm", "i82InE-4SCk-00013-00014663-00015175": "saying"}}, {"audio_id": "i8DtlRO3X6Y", "text": {"i8DtlRO3X6Y-00000-00001008-00001600": "For me digital humanities is an opportunity and a space to do the kinds", "i8DtlRO3X6Y-00001-00001601-00002114": "of research that I enjoy doing and you know, I think it's really a luxury that I", "i8DtlRO3X6Y-00002-00002114-00002777": "can combine interest in text and literature with computational methods", "i8DtlRO3X6Y-00003-00002777-00003272": "which is, I can't imagine something that I'd prefer doing so you know that's the", "i8DtlRO3X6Y-00004-00003272-00003902": "space that allows that. And doing it with collaborators that I admire and respect.", "i8DtlRO3X6Y-00005-00003982-00004496": "Digital humanities started as being the application of computing to humanities", "i8DtlRO3X6Y-00006-00004496-00005084": "research and pedagogical problems. Though it also played a very important role in", "i8DtlRO3X6Y-00007-00005084-00005501": "administration, that sometimes gets sort of forgotten, administration of", "i8DtlRO3X6Y-00008-00005501-00005707": "information, and so on.", "i8DtlRO3X6Y-00009-00005707-00006041": "What's really interesting in the shift to digital humanities from humanities", "i8DtlRO3X6Y-00010-00006041-00006487": "computing is we're seeing more and more humanities theoretical frameworks of", "i8DtlRO3X6Y-00011-00006487-00006859": "perspectives being applied to computing and then what's really nice and the sort", "i8DtlRO3X6Y-00012-00006859-00007340": "of the electic is the combination, is this movement back and forth between the", "i8DtlRO3X6Y-00013-00007340-00007806": "two and I think that's one of the things that we've been trying to do in", "i8DtlRO3X6Y-00014-00007812-00008190": "project like Hermeneutica is a dialogue between these two traditions.", "i8DtlRO3X6Y-00015-00008190-00008936": "The digital humanities for me is about bringing digital methodologies to bear on", "i8DtlRO3X6Y-00016-00008936-00009443": "not just humanities data but on humanity's methods of thinking. How can", "i8DtlRO3X6Y-00017-00009443-00009692": "we further enact those methods,", "i8DtlRO3X6Y-00018-00009692-00010313": "what can we add to our methodological toolkit as hermeneutists, as philologists,", "i8DtlRO3X6Y-00019-00010313-00010716": "as historians, from these new digital media.", "i8DtlRO3X6Y-00020-00010718-00011497": "I think it's a set of tools that has helped define a field and the field has helped I guess shape some of", "i8DtlRO3X6Y-00021-00011497-00011875": "the tools that we use in digital humanities. So I don't think that there's", "i8DtlRO3X6Y-00022-00011875-00012503": "a good way to sort of bifurcate those two things, you can't talk about one", "i8DtlRO3X6Y-00023-00012503-00012776": "without actually talking about the other.", "i8DtlRO3X6Y-00024-00012776-00013066": "Humanities itself, we're changing a lot", "i8DtlRO3X6Y-00025-00013066-00013661": "and I think that digital humanities is the next question we will use about 20", "i8DtlRO3X6Y-00026-00013661-00014303": "years maybe and then the humanities will be entirely digitized so probably", "i8DtlRO3X6Y-00027-00014303-00014819": "we will speak again about humanites but evidently digitised.", "i8DtlRO3X6Y-00028-00014819-00014960": "In the past I would've said", "i8DtlRO3X6Y-00029-00014960-00015530": "the digital humanities is scholars pursuing knowledge with digital methods. Now I", "i8DtlRO3X6Y-00030-00015530-00016019": "think it's more radical than something like that. I think digital humanities is", "i8DtlRO3X6Y-00031-00016019-00016559": "a whole ecosystem. Those methods and that pursuit of knowledge through the digital", "i8DtlRO3X6Y-00032-00016559-00017056": "really changes the types of questions that can be asked and how we express our", "i8DtlRO3X6Y-00033-00017056-00017482": "knowledge and when we're expressing knowledge going after different", "i8DtlRO3X6Y-00034-00017482-00017585": "questions", "i8DtlRO3X6Y-00035-00017585-00018011": "suddenly I think scholarship becomes a whole different thing with all sorts of", "i8DtlRO3X6Y-00036-00018011-00018548": "possibilities the previous scholars maybe thought of in the back of their minds,", "i8DtlRO3X6Y-00037-00018548-00018869": "but could never really pursue so they never proceeded."}}, {"audio_id": "i8Ns4MRB7lk", "text": {"i8Ns4MRB7lk-00000-00000014-00000492": "here's Devon woodland president of the National Farmers Organization answering", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00001-00000492-00000986": "a reporter's questions about the purpose and goals of the NF Oh the reporter is", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00002-00000986-00001496": "John heart of the Heartland project what we wanted to find out was how NF o is", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00003-00001496-00001923": "different from other organizations and what the basic goals are of n fo the", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00004-00001923-00002238": "goals of the National Farmers Organization is to establish our right", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00005-00002238-00002775": "to price and the thing that makes us different from any other farm movement", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00006-00002775-00003384": "our group is that we neither buy nor sell any agriculture commodities we", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00007-00003384-00004035": "negotiate the contract between the two parties representing the producer why do", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00008-00004035-00004425": "you think it's necessary for such a group to be nationwide in order to deal", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00009-00004425-00004887": "with the corporations that are nationwide in scope you have to be", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00010-00004887-00005396": "geographically as large as those companies are or they'll circumvent your", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00011-00005396-00006044": "structure and buy their supplies from outside the geographic area in which", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00012-00006044-00006547": "you're organized and move it in where you're at and use that to depress", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00013-00006547-00007038": "markets soul in order to be successful you've got to be geographically as large", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00014-00007038-00007565": "as a major companies why is the farmer pressing for the right to price his or", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00015-00007565-00008222": "her own commodities it becomes an economic issue he he must have his cost", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00016-00008222-00008850": "production and by our American standards he's entitled to a profit and so in", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00017-00008850-00009324": "order for him to retire debt to continue to produce food he must have an", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00018-00009324-00009996": "incentive and that incentive comes only if he can retire his cost of production", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00019-00009996-00010497": "and the incentive is that profit what are the major advantages of having a", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00020-00010497-00010922": "family farm as opposed to an investment corporation knowing the land and what", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00021-00010922-00011331": "are the cause of decline a family farm and how would you change that trend the", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00022-00011331-00011685": "importance of the family farm or the private ownership the owner/operator", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00023-00011685-00012111": "concept is the thing that makes America different than any other country in the", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00024-00012111-00012927": "world and really makes us great is the people owned America and so we're losing", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00025-00012927-00013563": "something in society if we ever allow the ownership of land in agriculture and", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00026-00013563-00014097": "we need to protect that if we lose that we have lost it all and so our goal is", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00027-00014097-00014578": "to protect that private ownership because it's good for society it's good", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00028-00014578-00015031": "for the farmer and it's good for the American consumer what has caused that", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00029-00015031-00015351": "decline in private ownership why the owner/operator going out of business", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00030-00015351-00015916": "it's it's economics because he has been placed into an environment in society", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00031-00015916-00016747": "where he cannot individually extract from the first bar the costs equal or a", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00032-00016747-00017280": "price for his good equal to what it cost him and individually he cannot do that", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00033-00017280-00018037": "but through group action he can and so this is the goal it's the model it's the", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00034-00018037-00018553": "battle cry of this organization the National Farmers Organization is group", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00035-00018553-00019093": "action and through bargaining extract contracts from the first pendler equal", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00036-00019093-00019813": "to the cost of production and by our economic standard by society we're", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00037-00019813-00020155": "entitled to a profit and that's what we're going after that was Devon", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00038-00020155-00020500": "woodland president of the national farmers organization answering a", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00039-00020500-00020925": "reporter's questions on nfo goals", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00040-00079247-00079697": "here's Devon woodland president of the National Farmers Organization answering", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00041-00079697-00080189": "a reporter's questions about the purpose and goals of the NF Oh the reporter is", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00042-00080189-00080690": "John heart of the Heartland project what we wanted to find out was how NF o is", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00043-00080690-00081119": "different from other organizations and what the basic goals are of NF o the", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00044-00081119-00081541": "goals the National Farmers Organization is to establish our right to price and", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00045-00081541-00082055": "the thing that makes us different from any other farm movement our group is", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00046-00082055-00082646": "that we neither buy nor sell any agriculture commodities we negotiate the", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00047-00082646-00083222": "contract between the two parties representing the producer why do you", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00048-00083222-00083636": "think it's necessary for such a group to be nationwide in order to deal with the", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00049-00083636-00084149": "corporations that are nationwide in scope you have to be geographically as", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00050-00084149-00084743": "large as those companies are or they'll circumvent your structure and buy their", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00051-00084743-00085295": "supplies from outside the geographic area in which you're organized and move", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00052-00085295-00085892": "it in or you're at and use that to depress markets so in order to be", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00053-00085892-00086198": "successful you've got to be geographically as large as a major", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00054-00086198-00086684": "companies why is the farmer pressing for the right to price his or her own", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00055-00086684-00087430": "commodities it becomes an economic issue he he must have his cost production and", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00056-00087430-00087965": "by our American standards he's entitled to a profit and so in order for him to", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00057-00087965-00088520": "retire debt to continue to produce food he must have an incentive and that", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00058-00088520-00089168": "incentive comes only if he can retire his cost of production and the incentive", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00059-00089168-00089567": "is that profit what are the major advantages of having a family farm as", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00060-00089567-00089936": "opposed to an investment corporation knowing the land and one of the causes", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00061-00089936-00090358": "of decline a family farm and how would you change that trend the importance of", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00062-00090358-00090827": "the family farm or the private ownership the owner/operator concept is the thing", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00063-00090827-00091151": "that makes America different than any other country in the world and really", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00064-00091151-00091988": "makes us great is the people own America and so we're losing something in society", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00065-00091988-00092585": "if we ever allow the ownership of land in agriculture and we need to protect", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00066-00092585-00093098": "that if we lose that we have lost it all and so our goal is to protect that", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00067-00093098-00093619": "private ownership because it's good for society it's good for the farmer and", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00068-00093619-00093980": "it's good for the American consumer what has caused that decline in private", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00069-00093980-00094475": "ownership why the only operator going out of business just economics because", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00070-00094475-00094969": "he has been placed into an environment in society where he cannot individually", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00071-00094969-00095776": "extract from the first bar the costs equal or a price for his good equal to", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00072-00095776-00096275": "what it cost him and individually he cannot do that but through group action", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00073-00096275-00096907": "he can and so this is the goal it's the model it's the battlecry of this", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00074-00096907-00097448": "organization the National Farmers Organization is group action and through", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00075-00097448-00097864": "bargaining extract contracts from the first pendler equal to the cost", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00076-00097864-00098581": "production and by our economic standard by society we're entitled to a profit", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00077-00098581-00099001": "and that's we're going after that was Devon woodland president of the National", "i8Ns4MRB7lk-00078-00099001-00099588": "Farmers Organization answering a reporter's questions on nfo goals"}}, {"audio_id": "i8TRI7kjT7M", "text": {"i8TRI7kjT7M-00000-00000712-00001264": "Evaluating Web Resources: Understanding and Evaluating Information in the Digital Age,", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00001-00001368-00001888": "brought to you by John M. Pfau Library at California State University, San Bernardino.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00002-00002312-00002864": "So by the time you complete this tutorial, we hope that you will appreciate the complexity", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00003-00002864-00003432": "of the information landscape and human information behavior as well as the challenges these pose when", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00004-00003432-00004072": "it comes to evaluating information. We also hope you'll be able to use best practices and various", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00005-00004072-00004608": "tools to assist in evaluating the accuracy of information you encounter online, and finally,", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00006-00004608-00005128": "we hope that you will be able to overall apply critical thinking skills in your own research.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00007-00005352-00006040": "So let's talk about the information environment – fake news, tabloids, sensationalism, propaganda,", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00008-00006040-00006592": "etc. is not new, and you have some classic examples here on this slide, one of which is", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00009-00006592-00007184": "a bit more recent than the other. But social media and the speed at which information travels is new.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00010-00007512-00007800": "So let's talk about some terminology you might have heard.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00011-00007872-00008456": "First is misinformation. This is incomplete and perhaps misleading or vague information,", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00012-00008456-00008856": "whereas disinformation is straight up false. And I have an example here", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00013-00009144-00009816": "of disinformation – there have been claims that you can prevent or even cure COVID 19 by consuming", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00014-00009816-00010352": "certain foods. This is absolutely disinformation, and we will come back to this example later.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00015-00010728-00011384": "Some other serious examples of disinformation and misinformation are related to the fake news", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00016-00011384-00011936": "industry. Fake news is a business, and American clicks are where the money's", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00017-00011936-00012744": "at. This image is from a 2017 investigative piece CNN did as they were thinking about", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00018-00012744-00013400": "what the information landscape might look like running up to the 2020 election. They explored", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00019-00013400-00013896": "the country of Macedonia, and they discovered a lot of political fake news was coming from there.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00020-00014008-00014624": "They found that the actors could get money from advertisers for each click, and so the idea was", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00021-00014624-00015176": "that false stories were created specifically for American consumption to specifically make money,", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00022-00015280-00015888": "\"I don't care.\" said a man they interviewed, \"because the people are reading. At 22 I was", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00023-00015888-00016280": "earning more than someone in Macedonia will ever earn in his entire life.\"", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00024-00016408-00017048": "Scary stuff. So as I mentioned, this story ran in 2017, so social media and politics has – as", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00025-00017048-00017688": "we all know – grown even more increasingly sophisticated and things are changing quickly.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00026-00017904-00018504": "Beyond the phenomenon of fake news, the media landscape is really, really complex.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00027-00018504-00019048": "Most media sites are businesses, so there's always content that's missing and content that is", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00028-00019048-00019640": "reflective of particular interests. Remember that most mainstream news is owned by a few companies", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00029-00019640-00020336": "like Time Warner, Hearst, Comcast. The key for us is to decipher which is more trustworthy than not.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00030-00020512-00020872": "It's always important to look at multiple sources, which we will talk about later.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00031-00020984-00021536": "In front of you you see a media bias chart, and I'm not sharing this because I am a fan.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00032-00021536-00022328": "This is not particularly helpful – tools like this can even be misleading, leading viewers to", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00033-00022328-00022784": "to imagine the content in the middle as okay and not having any sort of bias.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00034-00022928-00023848": "Be skeptical of everything! Many outlets publish information that is okay, and also publish really", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00035-00023848-00024568": "bad or biased stuff. Some outlets hat aren't traditionally taken seriously like Teen Vogue", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00036-00024568-00025144": "have produced really excellent political analyses, and many of those outlets do not even appear", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00037-00025144-00025736": "here on this chart. So the lesson here is that there are no shortcuts like what you see here.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00038-00025736-00026224": "You need to consult multiple sources, or read laterally, which we'll talk about shortly.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00039-00026456-00026888": "Critical information literacy is a matrix of skills and critical thinking,", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00040-00026968-00027368": "using background knowledge applied in context to information.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00041-00027600-00028120": "It's also really useful to know what your own shortcomings and biases might be as a consumer of", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00042-00028120-00028792": "media too, however. So let's talk briefly about information behavior. Information behavior is", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00043-00028792-00029368": "something that information studies scholars look at, and it includes both cognitive and affective", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00044-00029368-00029976": "dimensions of engaging with information. So the first piece here is confirmation bias – this", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00045-00029976-00030632": "is the idea that as humans we seek out or interpret information in a way that confirms our", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00046-00030632-00031192": "pre-existing beliefs. No one is immune from this – I do it too because I am a human. So it's really", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00047-00031192-00031712": "important to know sort of what's happening in our brains in the background when we view something.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00048-00031816-00032464": "The second piece here is satisficing – this word is a combination of the words satisfy and suffice,", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00049-00032648-00033128": "and it's the the idea that humans often pick information that is good enough,", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00050-00033128-00033312": "but not necessarily great.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00051-00033432-00033968": "And then finally you might have heard of filter bubbles and or echo chambers. This is when", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00052-00034248-00034760": "it turns out that we are curating our information environments so that we see content from select", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00053-00034840-00035352": "users or publishers, right ,so think about defriending people on Facebook who don't", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00054-00035352-00035904": "have the same political views as you. That is one example of creating your own filter bubble,", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00055-00035960-00036616": "however, we don't necessarily do this intentionally. So I highly recommend that you see", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00056-00036616-00037288": "the film The Social Dilemma if you're able – this really gets into the ways in which social", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00057-00037288-00038112": "media companies specifically tailor what you're seeing on your phones and on your computers.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00058-00038600-00039224": "So what can we do about all of this beyond a complete overhaul of our information ecosystem", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00059-00039224-00039952": "or rewiring the human brain? There are some things that can help. So first, read laterally. Reading", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00060-00039952-00040584": "laterally just simply means that you are not staying within one website or one web source. It", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00061-00040584-00041088": "means that you are looking and moving to other sources to investigate what you're viewing.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00062-00041176-00041656": "There are some important questions that you can ask, and you are probably familiar with this line", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00063-00041656-00042376": "of thinking. It's who, what, when, where, why, and how. So who is creating this information?", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00064-00042376-00042944": "This could be the individual author, it could be the media outlet. Find out what other sources", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00065-00042944-00043392": "are saying about this person or this outlet – are they credible? What are their credentials?", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00066-00043528-00044224": "Do they have any bias? If so, what does that mean? What. What is the content of what you're reading?", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00067-00044280-00044672": "In the example I shared earlier, maybe you encounter an article that says you", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00068-00044672-00045112": "can cure COVID by eating garlic. Well, see what other sources are saying about that.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00069-00045176-00045888": "When. When was this information produced? Does that matter? Is it relevant anymore?", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00070-00045960-00046632": "Where. Where was this information produced? Again, is that relevant, and if so, how? Why.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00071-00046632-00047144": "This is a big one – why was this information produced, right? Again, does the author or the", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00072-00047144-00047984": "outlet have an ulterior motive or bias? Do they have an agenda? You can only sometimes", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00073-00047984-00048600": "figure that out if you read laterally and explore what other sources are saying about your source.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00074-00048600-00049384": "And finally, how. How is the argument or or how are the claims being made? So for example,", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00075-00049384-00049896": "one source might arrive at a completely different conclusion than another source using the same", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00076-00049896-00050584": "dataset, so it's important to really explore how claims are being made and again, why.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00077-00050840-00051192": "So I'm going to review briefly some tools that might help.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00078-00051328-00051776": "One tool are fact checking sites – you might have heard of some of these.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00079-00051832-00052464": "Snopes.com is a very popular one. I also like factcheck.org and politifact.com.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00080-00052672-00053216": "One quick way of investigating a claim, for example, is to do what I call a smart search,", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00081-00053272-00053952": "and this is when you type in a search tool – it could be Google, it could be Duck Duck Go. You", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00082-00053952-00054624": "type in your keyword, so here i have garlic covid, and then you do site colon, and then your site. So", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00083-00054624-00055176": "sitesnopes.com. I'm going to go ahead and click on this – this will open up that search,", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00084-00055336-00055936": "and we can see here will garlic water cure coronavirus from snopes.com and no miracle", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00085-00055936-00056520": "foods or diets can prevent or cure COVID 19, also from snopes.com. So i can click on that,", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00086-00057096-00057944": "and what Snopes does is, it presents the claim and it has very obviously here the rating, and this", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00087-00057944-00058512": "rating is false. So that claim according to Snopes is false, and they do provide supporting evidence", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00088-00058512-00059088": "and some background information here. So Snopes is a great, great tool. I highly recommend it.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00089-00059655-00060120": "So I alluded to this before, it's also important to determine what other reputable", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00090-00060120-00060512": "sites are saying about the website where you found your information.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00091-00060512-00060936": "So again you can do a smart search. This is a little more complicated,", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00092-00060991-00061488": "but you will will type in the search bar – again Google or Duck Duck Go, whatever tool you", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00093-00061488-00062288": "use – you will type in the website url, so in this case wnd.com. Let's say we read an article there,", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00094-00062344-00063104": "and then we will do minus site colon wnd.com. What you're doing here is saying hey,", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00095-00063104-00063896": "I want information about wnd.com but not from wnd.com. So if I click on this,", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00096-00064160-00064696": "my first result here is from Wikipedia, the second one is from Washington Post,", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00097-00064896-00065536": "um Library of Congress, and so so on and so forth. And so these can all give me some", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00098-00065536-00066048": "good information about what I might find on World Net Daily, which is the website.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00099-00066296-00066928": "Okay, and finally you can find out who owns the website, which can at times be illuminating.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00100-00066928-00067536": "There is a tool called whois.com, which gives you information about the registration date,", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00101-00067536-00068304": "the name the organization affiliated with the url, so you can click on this, and it opens whois.com.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00102-00068400-00069048": "And in the top right you can enter your domain or IP address, so I will do csusb.edu.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00103-00069408-00070008": "And what this tells me here is that it gives me the registrant and the address. which I know", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00104-00070008-00070528": "this is California State University's address, which is legitimate contact", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00105-00070528-00071048": "information. And so on and so forth. So as you can imagine this can be a really useful tool", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00106-00071128-00071584": "if you are unfamiliar with a website and you want to dig a little deeper.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00107-00071992-00072544": "And as far as images, you can also search for images and see where they have appeared on the", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00108-00072544-00073056": "internet over time. So memes are really big right now – I'm a big meme fan – um", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00109-00073056-00073392": "but sometimes it's really useful to find out where that", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00110-00073392-00073816": "original came from. So there are two resources you can use – one is Tin Eye,", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00111-00074096-00074800": "and this is again as a reverse image search, and you can either upload an image here or you can", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00112-00074800-00075536": "enter a url for an image, and it will show you the results. I will close this. Google Images works in", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00113-00075536-00076176": "much of the same way. It's images.google.com, and you can type in your url or you can um", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00114-00076352-00076936": "upload an image here, and again it will show you other instances where", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00115-00076936-00077456": "that same image has occurred, on where it has appeared online, and you can", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00116-00077672-00077840": "hopefully hunt down the original.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00117-00078184-00078904": "And last but not least, it's always important to follow the breadcrumbs. So if the web resource", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00118-00078904-00079488": "mentions or gestures to a scholarly journal article or a research study, use what information", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00119-00079488-00080064": "is provided to get to the original. Usually at least either the author's name or name of", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00120-00080064-00080848": "the journal is included in a newspaper article, for example. If they don't have that information", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00121-00080848-00081360": "or you're not sure where to start, please contact the Pfau Library. Librarians are happy", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00122-00081360-00081928": "to help you hunt down those scholarly journal articles and get the information that you need.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00123-00082264-00082896": "So let's practice together – if you recall, I started out today's tutorial with this image.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00124-00082952-00083176": "You might have been curious about what you were looking at,", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00125-00083232-00083952": "so here we have a man who looks like he's mowing, and not far behind him there is a massive tornado.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00126-00083952-00084456": "So I was really curious about this image, and I did a Snopes search,", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00127-00084456-00085088": "so I did man mowing tornado sitecolon snopes.com, and I will show you what I found.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00128-00085352-00085968": "So the article or the excerpt says man mowed lawn during tornado. It's got that image and", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00129-00085968-00086632": "da da da... this is actually true, so this is always a humbling experience for me um", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00130-00086888-00087688": "because sometimes you are wrong! And then the final image I want us to explore together is", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00131-00087688-00088264": "this really adorable image of a frog on a turtle's back, and this one sort of", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00132-00088264-00088904": "gestures to the complexities of what we see online. This is from PBS", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00133-00089008-00089784": "NewsHour, and NewsHour sourced the photograph from Getty Images, which is an image database.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00134-00089888-00090368": "And it turned out that the photographer told NewsHour in an interview that he had purchased", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00135-00090368-00091016": "the animals in a pet shop, and then he staged the image. And so there are some concerns here", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00136-00091016-00091680": "about um not only animal welfare, right ,whether the animals wanted to be picked up. You know,", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00137-00091680-00092096": "they might have been terrified being around one another, and also of course journalistic", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00138-00092096-00092688": "integrity. In my opinion, this piece is intentionally misleading however adorable it is,", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00139-00092688-00093424": "and so this might not exactly be misinformation or disinformation, but it certainly should", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00140-00093704-00094216": "cause you to to question what you see especially, all those really cute animal pictures out there.", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00141-00094536-00095096": "So wrapping up, today we talked about the complexity of the information", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00142-00095096-00095496": "landscape. We also talked about human information behavior, some of the", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00143-00095632-00096200": "affective and cognitive dimensions of information seeking. We talked about the challenges these", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00144-00096200-00096816": "pose when it comes to evaluating information because we are up against a lot. We also talked", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00145-00096816-00097512": "about best practices like reading laterally and not relying on simple lists of good versus bad", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00146-00097512-00098088": "sources. We also covered some tools to assist in evaluating the accuracy of information that", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00147-00098088-00098656": "we encounter online, and then finally, I hope if you take nothing else away, you are encouraged to", "i8TRI7kjT7M-00148-00098656-00099584": "always and consistently apply critical thinking skills in your own research. Thank you very much."}}, {"audio_id": "i8Zcve6LMmy", "text": {"i8Zcve6LMmy-00000-00001183-00006670": "g house type beat,g house type beat 2022,deep house type beat,house type beat,deep house", "i8Zcve6LMmy-00001-00006670-00008444": "type beat 2022,pop type beat,house type beat 2022,pop type beat 2022,pop type beat free,club", "i8Zcve6LMmy-00002-00008444-00009746": "type beat,club type beat 2022,free club type beat,edm type beat,edm type beat 2022,type", "i8Zcve6LMmy-00003-00009746-00013326": "beat club,type beat edm,dance type beat,pop dance type beat,techno type beat,deep house", "i8Zcve6LMmy-00004-00013326-00017154": "beat,club beat,edm beat,edm beats,pop beat,pop beats,pop instrumental,alexx melo"}}, {"audio_id": "i8aEjURE_R0", "text": {"i8aEjURE_R0-00000-00000000-00000512": "Come on you guys, hurry! Like, wait up for me!", "i8aEjURE_R0-00001-00000512-00001661": "Hmm... [chuckles] Yeah.", "i8aEjURE_R0-00002-00001661-00001788": "Stupid monster! [monster grunts]", "i8aEjURE_R0-00003-00001788-00001862": "That's it, Daphne!", "i8aEjURE_R0-00004-00001862-00001952": "[monster grunts] Hi-ya!", "i8aEjURE_R0-00005-00001952-00002107": "[monster grunts] How do you like that?", "i8aEjURE_R0-00006-00002107-00002242": "Way to go, Velma! [gang cheering]", "i8aEjURE_R0-00007-00002242-00002361": "[barking] ...and another one!", "i8aEjURE_R0-00008-00002361-00002480": "Oh, did you want your mommy?", "i8aEjURE_R0-00009-00002480-00002773": "Cartoon Network LA dot com [cartoon sound effect]", "i8aEjURE_R0-00010-00002773-00002976": "[monster grunts] You won't see this on TV."}}, {"audio_id": "i9pMIRSIOtu", "text": {"i9pMIRSIOtu-00000-00000086-00000585": "all my life I seem to be in the wrong place at the wrong time.", "i9pMIRSIOtu-00001-00000585-00003220": "My spidey senses are starting to tingle and it was beautiful Titan was", "i9pMIRSIOtu-00003-00004549-00005123": "I'm not ignoring son, I just have better things to do my time this orange on could you", "i9pMIRSIOtu-00004-00005123-00005663": "give us some theme music here yeah please someone and wonder what is going", "i9pMIRSIOtu-00005-00005663-00006755": "on inside their head did I leave the stove on boom chill hey I have a kill yay!", "i9pMIRSIOtu-00006-00006755-00007200": "I'm dead yay", "i9pMIRSIOtu-00007-00007467-00010417": "you are mine now open fire you have a floating I know it's above your head", "i9pMIRSIOtu-00008-00010417-00012891": "it's above your head I'm still amazed we ever made it through the first hour", "i9pMIRSIOtu-00009-00012891-00013262": "never mind the first day", "i9pMIRSIOtu-00010-00013569-00013941": "I've made a huge mistake", "i9pMIRSIOtu-00011-00014079-00015737": "you suck ladies and gentlemen I suck hey hey you", "i9pMIRSIOtu-00012-00015737-00016204": "I hope you enjoyed this video this is just a fun little idea that I wanted to", "i9pMIRSIOtu-00013-00016204-00016604": "put together because it's my birthday as the title suggests and I figured this", "i9pMIRSIOtu-00014-00016604-00016943": "would be something fun and unique something I hadn't done before just a", "i9pMIRSIOtu-00015-00016943-00017290": "little something to put out while I work on my next video and because it's my", "i9pMIRSIOtu-00016-00017290-00017747": "birthday I may have a special birthday stream on Twitch which you can find the", "i9pMIRSIOtu-00017-00017747-00018160": "link to below it will be happening later tonight probably around 9 p.m. Central", "i9pMIRSIOtu-00018-00018160-00018523": "Standard Time please feel free to come by and say hello and I think that about", "i9pMIRSIOtu-00019-00018523-00019019": "covers it so I hope you enjoyed the video remember to hit subscribe and yeah", "i9pMIRSIOtu-00020-00019019-00019677": "have a fantastic day I'll catch you guys later bye bye"}}, {"audio_id": "i9qknlPUowU", "text": {"i9qknlPUowU-00000-00000195-00000461": "- A second type of distribution that we can work with", "i9qknlPUowU-00001-00000461-00000690": "is called the Poisson distribution.", "i9qknlPUowU-00002-00000690-00001011": "It's named after a mathematician named Poisson.", "i9qknlPUowU-00003-00001011-00001284": "But the question that the Poisson distribution", "i9qknlPUowU-00004-00001284-00001659": "attempts to ask is very similar to the binomial.", "i9qknlPUowU-00005-00001659-00002036": "The binomial wanted to know the probability of x successes", "i9qknlPUowU-00006-00002036-00002193": "in n trials.", "i9qknlPUowU-00007-00002193-00002520": "Poisson also wants to know what is", "i9qknlPUowU-00008-00002520-00003320": "the probability of x successes.", "i9qknlPUowU-00009-00003576-00003845": "But instead of in a certain number of trials,", "i9qknlPUowU-00010-00003845-00004731": "it wants to know in a certain amount of time.", "i9qknlPUowU-00011-00005026-00005389": "In other words, we'll save some event happens on average", "i9qknlPUowU-00012-00005389-00005734": "three times an hour, what's the probability this hour", "i9qknlPUowU-00013-00005734-00006187": "it's going to happen five times?", "i9qknlPUowU-00014-00006187-00006756": "And to answer that question we use the Poisson distribution.", "i9qknlPUowU-00015-00007202-00008058": "And some characteristics of the Poisson distribution", "i9qknlPUowU-00016-00008058-00009419": "is that we are interested in some number of successes", "i9qknlPUowU-00017-00009419-00010024": "in a fixed interval.", "i9qknlPUowU-00018-00010024-00010283": "Usually, those intervals are a certain amount of time-- a day,", "i9qknlPUowU-00019-00010283-00010445": "a week, a month, a year.", "i9qknlPUowU-00020-00010445-00010651": "But it can be any fixed interval,", "i9qknlPUowU-00021-00010651-00010987": "like an editor might be interested in the number", "i9qknlPUowU-00022-00010987-00011345": "of errors an author makes per page.", "i9qknlPUowU-00023-00011345-00011605": "And so a page is the fixed interval", "i9qknlPUowU-00024-00011605-00011909": "that functions as the time interval.", "i9qknlPUowU-00025-00011909-00012382": "But usually, we're talking in the context of time.", "i9qknlPUowU-00026-00012382-00013338": "And we also need to know or we will have the average number", "i9qknlPUowU-00027-00013338-00014138": "of successes in that interval.", "i9qknlPUowU-00028-00014703-00014963": "So the editor knows that an author makes, on average,", "i9qknlPUowU-00029-00014963-00015319": "three errors per page.", "i9qknlPUowU-00030-00015319-00015904": "The distribution itself, we will notate", "i9qknlPUowU-00031-00015904-00016272": "the distribution very similarly to how we did the binomial.", "i9qknlPUowU-00032-00016272-00016671": "We'll use the x to say that's our random variable, the tilde", "i9qknlPUowU-00033-00016671-00016843": "to tell us it's distributed.", "i9qknlPUowU-00034-00016843-00017125": "But this time because it's a Poisson distribution,", "i9qknlPUowU-00035-00017125-00017515": "we'll use p to represent Poisson.", "i9qknlPUowU-00036-00017515-00017794": "And the only variable we need for the Poisson distribution", "i9qknlPUowU-00037-00017794-00017995": "is the mean or the average number", "i9qknlPUowU-00038-00017995-00018217": "of successes in the interval.", "i9qknlPUowU-00039-00018490-00018841": "As you might expect, the expected value is the mean.", "i9qknlPUowU-00040-00018841-00019165": "That's given to us, that's no surprise.", "i9qknlPUowU-00041-00019165-00019441": "But the standard deviation turns out", "i9qknlPUowU-00042-00019441-00019810": "to just be the square root of that average.", "i9qknlPUowU-00043-00019810-00020008": "And so these formulas can help a shortcut", "i9qknlPUowU-00044-00020008-00020875": "that process as we attempt to actually use the Poisson", "i9qknlPUowU-00045-00020875-00020984": "distribution.", "i9qknlPUowU-00046-00021343-00021760": "And just like we did with the binomial distribution, when", "i9qknlPUowU-00047-00021760-00021955": "we're using the Poisson distribution,", "i9qknlPUowU-00048-00021955-00022592": "we will actually have the calculator", "i9qknlPUowU-00049-00022592-00022778": "find the probabilities for us.", "i9qknlPUowU-00050-00022778-00022993": "We just need to know how to use the calculator", "i9qknlPUowU-00051-00022993-00023242": "to get the information we want.", "i9qknlPUowU-00052-00023242-00023710": "Very similar to the binomial, we'll hit the 2nd button.", "i9qknlPUowU-00053-00023710-00024121": "And then you're going to hit the Vars button,", "i9qknlPUowU-00054-00024121-00024508": "because above the bar as we remember it says distribution.", "i9qknlPUowU-00055-00024872-00025166": "And then we need to select the correct distribution as there", "i9qknlPUowU-00056-00025166-00025439": "are several in the calculator.", "i9qknlPUowU-00057-00025439-00025731": "Again near the bottom are going to be the two we'll use.", "i9qknlPUowU-00058-00025731-00025882": "One is called PoissonPDF.", "i9qknlPUowU-00059-00026336-00027070": "And just like the binomial, that gives us the probability", "i9qknlPUowU-00060-00027070-00027546": "of exactly x successes.", "i9qknlPUowU-00061-00027920-00028597": "And then the other one is the PoissonCDF", "i9qknlPUowU-00062-00028597-00028766": "opened in parentheses.", "i9qknlPUowU-00063-00028766-00029457": "That's the one that gives us the probability of up", "i9qknlPUowU-00064-00029457-00030420": "to and including x successes.", "i9qknlPUowU-00065-00031129-00031442": "And again similar to the binomial format,", "i9qknlPUowU-00066-00031442-00031812": "we will use if you don't have the prompts on your calculator", "i9qknlPUowU-00067-00031812-00032119": "will be the Poisson--", "i9qknlPUowU-00068-00032119-00032337": "either C or P they both work the same--", "i9qknlPUowU-00069-00032337-00032518": "DF.", "i9qknlPUowU-00070-00032518-00032698": "And then the first number you'll enter in", "i9qknlPUowU-00071-00032698-00033190": "is actually the average or the mean over that time interval.", "i9qknlPUowU-00072-00033190-00033472": "The second number is the x value that you're", "i9qknlPUowU-00073-00033472-00033904": "interested in finding.", "i9qknlPUowU-00074-00033904-00034159": "So let's see if we can use the Poisson", "i9qknlPUowU-00075-00034159-00034717": "distribution in an example.", "i9qknlPUowU-00076-00035334-00036078": "Let's say a certain hospital baby", "i9qknlPUowU-00077-00036078-00037677": "unit has an average of four births per week.", "i9qknlPUowU-00078-00038244-00038512": "And we're going to randomly choose a week.", "i9qknlPUowU-00079-00038512-00038661": "A week is randomly chosen.", "i9qknlPUowU-00080-00039618-00040043": "First things first, let's describe the distribution.", "i9qknlPUowU-00081-00040896-00041160": "The distribution is a Poisson because we're", "i9qknlPUowU-00082-00041160-00041640": "talking about a time period, an interval a span of time,", "i9qknlPUowU-00083-00041640-00041746": "one week.", "i9qknlPUowU-00084-00041746-00041967": "And in that one week, there is an average", "i9qknlPUowU-00085-00041967-00042399": "of four births in that week.", "i9qknlPUowU-00086-00042399-00042699": "That is the distribution.", "i9qknlPUowU-00087-00042699-00043368": "Now we can find the expected value and standard", "i9qknlPUowU-00088-00043368-00044027": "deviation of the number of births", "i9qknlPUowU-00089-00044027-00044430": "the hospital has per week.", "i9qknlPUowU-00090-00044430-00044784": "Well, the expected value, that's just mu or the average,", "i9qknlPUowU-00091-00044784-00044957": "which is given to us.", "i9qknlPUowU-00092-00044957-00045396": "The expected value is four The standard deviation,", "i9qknlPUowU-00093-00045396-00045740": "or sigma is the square root of the average.", "i9qknlPUowU-00094-00045740-00046064": "And the square root of four is two.", "i9qknlPUowU-00095-00046064-00046415": "So average of four births with the standard deviation of two", "i9qknlPUowU-00096-00046415-00046718": "births is what we would expect to happen", "i9qknlPUowU-00097-00046718-00047014": "on any given week in the baby unit of the hospital.", "i9qknlPUowU-00098-00047338-00047505": "So let's find some probabilities and see", "i9qknlPUowU-00099-00047505-00047913": "how likely various things are to occur.", "i9qknlPUowU-00100-00047913-00048205": "I'm always interested in how often the average occurs.", "i9qknlPUowU-00101-00048205-00049409": "So what is the probability exactly four", "i9qknlPUowU-00102-00049409-00049988": "babies are born this week?", "i9qknlPUowU-00103-00050527-00050725": "What we're asking is, what is the probability", "i9qknlPUowU-00104-00050725-00051389": "that a random variable x is exactly equal to 4?", "i9qknlPUowU-00105-00051389-00051555": "Now because I want my probability", "i9qknlPUowU-00106-00051555-00051930": "to be exactly equal to for, what I'm interested in finding", "i9qknlPUowU-00107-00051930-00052402": "is the PDF for the person exactly equal to 4", "i9qknlPUowU-00108-00052402-00052601": "in that time interval.", "i9qknlPUowU-00109-00052601-00052782": "So we will do the PoissonPDF--", "i9qknlPUowU-00110-00053101-00053450": "probability distribution function.", "i9qknlPUowU-00111-00053450-00053635": "The first number's the average of four.", "i9qknlPUowU-00112-00053635-00054059": "The second number says we want exactly four to occur.", "i9qknlPUowU-00113-00054059-00054313": "So let's see what the calculator says when we pull it up.", "i9qknlPUowU-00114-00054571-00054739": "Very similar to the binomial, we'll", "i9qknlPUowU-00115-00054739-00055201": "hit 2nd and Distributions.", "i9qknlPUowU-00116-00055201-00055483": "Scroll down to the bottom and below the binomial,", "i9qknlPUowU-00117-00055483-00055764": "you'll see the Poisson distributions--", "i9qknlPUowU-00118-00055764-00056239": "the Poisson PDF.", "i9qknlPUowU-00119-00056239-00056466": "And the calculator, if it gives you prompts,", "i9qknlPUowU-00120-00056466-00056604": "will ask for lambda.", "i9qknlPUowU-00121-00056604-00056903": "And that's the Greek letter lambda is the average.", "i9qknlPUowU-00122-00056903-00057271": "So for lambda the average we say is four.", "i9qknlPUowU-00123-00057271-00057586": "The x value we're interested in is four.", "i9qknlPUowU-00124-00057586-00057792": "And when we paste, you'll see it puts it", "i9qknlPUowU-00125-00057792-00057961": "in the calculator for me.", "i9qknlPUowU-00126-00057961-00058111": "If you don't have the prompts again,", "i9qknlPUowU-00127-00058111-00058416": "you can just type in 4 comma 4 and close the parentheses.", "i9qknlPUowU-00128-00058416-00058669": "The comma's above the 7.", "i9qknlPUowU-00129-00058669-00058951": "And we see the probability that we get exactly four.", "i9qknlPUowU-00130-00058951-00059284": "Even though that's the average, the probability that x occurs", "i9qknlPUowU-00131-00059284-00060586": "is only about 19.5%, 0.1954 when we round.", "i9qknlPUowU-00132-00060586-00060994": "So that might beg the question what", "i9qknlPUowU-00133-00060994-00062597": "is the probability of fewer than four births?", "i9qknlPUowU-00134-00063449-00063863": "The average of four only has a less than 20% probability.", "i9qknlPUowU-00135-00063863-00064202": "What's the probability that x is fewer or smaller than four?", "i9qknlPUowU-00136-00064503-00064841": "Well, the calculator can only do exactly equal to a number", "i9qknlPUowU-00137-00064841-00064935": "and down.", "i9qknlPUowU-00138-00064935-00065105": "So first let's identify that we're really", "i9qknlPUowU-00139-00065105-00065478": "looking for the probability that x is less than or equal to--", "i9qknlPUowU-00140-00065478-00065814": "not four because four is not included-- but less than", "i9qknlPUowU-00141-00065814-00065964": "or equal to three.", "i9qknlPUowU-00142-00066669-00066878": "Because we want to be less than or equal to three,", "i9qknlPUowU-00143-00066878-00067148": "counting all the possibilities up to three zero,", "i9qknlPUowU-00144-00067148-00067619": "plus one plus two plus three, that's going to be our CDF", "i9qknlPUowU-00145-00067619-00068018": "or our cumulative distribution that adds up all the values up", "i9qknlPUowU-00146-00068018-00068213": "to that point-- the Poisson CDF--", "i9qknlPUowU-00147-00068564-00068759": "which has an average of four.", "i9qknlPUowU-00148-00068759-00069084": "But we want to know up to the number three.", "i9qknlPUowU-00149-00069386-00069890": "So we go to a calculator and hit 2nd, Distribution.", "i9qknlPUowU-00150-00069890-00070142": "Down to the bottom you see Poisson CDF.", "i9qknlPUowU-00151-00070437-00070590": "The mean is four.", "i9qknlPUowU-00152-00070590-00070858": "We want to go up to three.", "i9qknlPUowU-00153-00070858-00071130": "And when we paste, it types the numbers in", "i9qknlPUowU-00154-00071130-00071493": "or you can type them in manually if you don't have the prompts.", "i9qknlPUowU-00155-00071493-00072425": "The probability that we get less than four is 0.4335.", "i9qknlPUowU-00156-00072425-00072683": "So there's a 43% chance we're actually", "i9qknlPUowU-00157-00072683-00073073": "less than the average number of births.", "i9qknlPUowU-00158-00073803-00074184": "Let's say the hospital can only handle about one baby a day,", "i9qknlPUowU-00159-00074184-00074305": "one birth a day.", "i9qknlPUowU-00160-00074305-00074617": "It's a small hospital, a small baby unit.", "i9qknlPUowU-00161-00074617-00075906": "So we want to know, what is the probability seven", "i9qknlPUowU-00162-00075906-00076818": "or more births occur this week?", "i9qknlPUowU-00163-00077376-00077514": "What is the probability that x is", "i9qknlPUowU-00164-00077514-00077779": "greater than or equal to because it includes seven.", "i9qknlPUowU-00165-00077779-00078219": "It said seven or more births this week.", "i9qknlPUowU-00166-00078219-00078498": "Now the thing about the Poisson distribution", "i9qknlPUowU-00167-00078498-00078768": "is there's not actually a maximum.", "i9qknlPUowU-00168-00078768-00079086": "In theory, there could be 1,000 births this week", "i9qknlPUowU-00169-00079086-00079240": "at this hospital.", "i9qknlPUowU-00170-00079240-00079359": "It could go up that high.", "i9qknlPUowU-00171-00079359-00079632": "Now, if the averages for the probability is basically zero.", "i9qknlPUowU-00172-00079632-00079874": "But it could potentially happen.", "i9qknlPUowU-00173-00079874-00080037": "So when we're doing greater than seven,", "i9qknlPUowU-00174-00080037-00080334": "this is actually impossible to calculate straight forward,", "i9qknlPUowU-00175-00080334-00080613": "because we'd have to do seven plus eight", "i9qknlPUowU-00176-00080613-00080866": "plus nine plus 10 plus 11.", "i9qknlPUowU-00177-00080866-00081126": "And we'd have to go all the way to infinity.", "i9qknlPUowU-00178-00081126-00081357": "We can't do that.", "i9qknlPUowU-00179-00081357-00081753": "So just like we did with the binomial, when", "i9qknlPUowU-00180-00081753-00081990": "we want greater than, we're going to actually work", "i9qknlPUowU-00181-00081990-00082125": "with the complement.", "i9qknlPUowU-00182-00082125-00082503": "We're going to do 1 minus the probability that x is less than", "i9qknlPUowU-00183-00082503-00082958": "or equal to the opposite set of numbers.", "i9qknlPUowU-00184-00082958-00083134": "Now if we're going from seven up,", "i9qknlPUowU-00185-00083134-00083419": "this time it includes the number seven.", "i9qknlPUowU-00186-00083419-00083713": "So when we count down, we don't want to include seven.", "i9qknlPUowU-00187-00083713-00084214": "So we're going to start at six, counting down.", "i9qknlPUowU-00188-00084214-00084775": "So in the calculator, we'll type in one minus the Poisson CDF--", "i9qknlPUowU-00189-00084775-00085126": "cumulative it's going to add those all up.", "i9qknlPUowU-00190-00085126-00085393": "The average is four.", "i9qknlPUowU-00191-00085393-00085594": "And we want to go up to six and then", "i9qknlPUowU-00192-00085594-00086206": "subtract all of that off of one to get the complement.", "i9qknlPUowU-00193-00086206-00086807": "So we'll type in one minus, 2nd, Distribution", "i9qknlPUowU-00194-00086807-00087115": "of the Poisson CDF.", "i9qknlPUowU-00195-00087115-00087234": "The average is still four.", "i9qknlPUowU-00196-00087234-00087400": "But this time, we're going up to six.", "i9qknlPUowU-00197-00087718-00088067": "And when I pasted it in, and we do one minus that value,", "i9qknlPUowU-00198-00088067-00088823": "we get a probability of 0.1107, 0.1107.", "i9qknlPUowU-00199-00088823-00089309": "And so if they're not ready for seven or more births this week,", "i9qknlPUowU-00200-00089309-00089507": "that's going to happen 11% of the time.", "i9qknlPUowU-00201-00089507-00090122": "They might need to expand their baby unit in the hospital.", "i9qknlPUowU-00202-00090122-00090395": "So that's the Poisson distribution very, very", "i9qknlPUowU-00203-00090395-00090545": "similar to the binomial.", "i9qknlPUowU-00204-00090545-00090704": "The differences now we're talking", "i9qknlPUowU-00205-00090704-00091037": "about the number of successes in a fixed interval,", "i9qknlPUowU-00206-00091037-00091262": "usually a time interval.", "i9qknlPUowU-00207-00091262-00091433": "So take a look at the homework assignment", "i9qknlPUowU-00208-00091433-00091547": "to practice a few of these.", "i9qknlPUowU-00209-00091547-00091706": "And then when you come to class, we'll", "i9qknlPUowU-00210-00091706-00092226": "continue working with Poisson and that distribution."}}, {"audio_id": "i9WRcinkC-E", "text": {"i9WRcinkC-E-00000-00000000-00000200": "Vihiga County Proposed Technology Hub"}}, {"audio_id": "ir0Lte2FIjA", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "ir2CVXXY3aQ", "text": {"ir2CVXXY3aQ-00000-00000065-00000523": "[Air Raid siren in background throughout]", "ir2CVXXY3aQ-00001-00000653-00001068": "We bring our month of American paranoia and propaganda to its natural end:", "ir2CVXXY3aQ-00002-00001068-00001200": "the bomb!", "ir2CVXXY3aQ-00003-00001200-00001544": "\"The feeling of futility of doom.\"", "ir2CVXXY3aQ-00004-00001544-00001844": "It's easyto despair, easy to ask questions,", "ir2CVXXY3aQ-00005-00001844-00002200": "\"Flag on themoon. How did it get there?\"", "ir2CVXXY3aQ-00006-00002200-00002477": "Easy to try to fallback on naive alternatives.", "ir2CVXXY3aQ-00007-00002477-00002820": "\"If we're goingto spend our money, let's spend it bolstering peace.\"", "ir2CVXXY3aQ-00008-00002845-00003082": "But there's no escaping the bomb.", "ir2CVXXY3aQ-00009-00003082-00003355": "Butthat's fine because we have a plan to not onlysurvive the bomb", "ir2CVXXY3aQ-00010-00003355-00003634": "but the bleak nuclear hellscapeleft in its wake!", "ir2CVXXY3aQ-00011-00003634-00003841": "\"Settle down and make the bestof it.\"", "ir2CVXXY3aQ-00012-00003841-00004350": "See everyday Americans prepare to survive an imminent nuclear attack in This is Not a Test.", "ir2CVXXY3aQ-00013-00004352-00004855": "Watch as scientists seek out a new place to live in case of atomic war in Unknown World.", "ir2CVXXY3aQ-00014-00004855-00005400": "Learn how you too can survive a nuclear attack in various shorts including the classic Duck and Cover.", "ir2CVXXY3aQ-00015-00005400-00005840": "Choose the form of the destroyer on Twitter and then see how things fall apart next Saturday", "ir2CVXXY3aQ-00016-00005840-00006365": "on the Busan Midnight Movie, only at twitch.tv/dondeeley", "ir2CVXXY3aQ-00017-00006945-00007466": "[mouth sounds simulating scooter noises]"}}, {"audio_id": "ir3E8cufzEy", "text": {"ir3E8cufzEy-00000-00000013-00000270": "(upbeat music)", "ir3E8cufzEy-00001-00000547-00000800": "- There are handful challenges and points of confusion", "ir3E8cufzEy-00002-00000800-00000967": "about optimizing for web vitals", "ir3E8cufzEy-00003-00000967-00001137": "that I see really frequently.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00004-00001137-00001321": "So the goal of today's presentation", "ir3E8cufzEy-00005-00001321-00001564": "is to cover as many of these issues as possible", "ir3E8cufzEy-00006-00001564-00001728": "in the next 10 minutes.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00007-00001728-00002005": "In particular the three themes I'm going to be talking about", "ir3E8cufzEy-00008-00002005-00002482": "are Cumulative Layout Shift, Third-Party Scripts, and RUM.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00009-00002482-00002736": "I'm not going to be giving you an overview of these topics.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00010-00002736-00003003": "And so I really want to stick to discussing", "ir3E8cufzEy-00011-00003003-00003173": "some of the edge cases and details", "ir3E8cufzEy-00012-00003173-00003360": "that people tend to find confusing,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00013-00003360-00003600": "as well as highlighting some performance techniques", "ir3E8cufzEy-00014-00003600-00003823": "that you might not be aware of.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00015-00003823-00004034": "I'm going to start today by walking you through", "ir3E8cufzEy-00016-00004034-00004397": "how CLS measurement is implemented in code.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00017-00004397-00004584": "I want to do this because I think seeing", "ir3E8cufzEy-00018-00004584-00004751": "the implementation in code,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00019-00004751-00005011": "clears up a lot of the questions and confusion", "ir3E8cufzEy-00020-00005011-00005382": "around when CLS is reported and finalized,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00021-00005382-00005659": "particularly for single page applications.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00022-00005659-00005925": "CLS is measured by using a performance observer", "ir3E8cufzEy-00023-00005925-00006176": "to observe for layout shift events.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00024-00006176-00006386": "When a layout shift occurs", "ir3E8cufzEy-00025-00006386-00006673": "the PerformanceObserver invokes a callback function,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00026-00006673-00006823": "and this callback function", "ir3E8cufzEy-00027-00006823-00007280": "adds to the running layout-shift score, in other words, CLS.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00028-00007470-00007704": "If you wanted to, you could also add code", "ir3E8cufzEy-00029-00007704-00007901": "inside that callback function", "ir3E8cufzEy-00030-00007901-00008291": "to report this intermediate value of CLS.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00031-00008291-00008591": "Although you can do that is not necessary.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00032-00008675-00009059": "Ultimately the only value of CLS that matters", "ir3E8cufzEy-00033-00009059-00009232": "is the final one.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00034-00009342-00009736": "Final CLS is not determined by taking a bunch of CLS entries", "ir3E8cufzEy-00035-00009736-00009963": "and seeing which one occurred last,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00036-00009963-00010100": "instead it's determined", "ir3E8cufzEy-00037-00010100-00010483": "by listening for the visibility state change event.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00038-00010654-00010994": "User actions like navigating to a new page,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00039-00010994-00011334": "switching tabs, minimizing tabs, closing the browser,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00040-00011334-00011491": "they're all examples of events", "ir3E8cufzEy-00041-00011491-00011755": "that cause a document's visibility state", "ir3E8cufzEy-00042-00011755-00012022": "to change from visible to hidden.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00043-00012022-00012208": "When any document's visibility state", "ir3E8cufzEy-00044-00012208-00012432": "changes from visible to hidden,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00045-00012432-00012656": "you know that the value of CLS", "ir3E8cufzEy-00046-00012656-00012852": "at that moment should be reported.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00047-00012956-00013273": "One tool that I really liked for debugging layout shift", "ir3E8cufzEy-00048-00013273-00013653": "is the layout shift regions option in DevTools.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00049-00013653-00013883": "You can access it from the command palette", "ir3E8cufzEy-00050-00013883-00014080": "or the rendering options tab.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00051-00014214-00014464": "This feature highlights page elements", "ir3E8cufzEy-00052-00014464-00014741": "that have shifted as they are shifting.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00053-00014741-00014938": "In other words, it's not highlighting", "ir3E8cufzEy-00054-00014938-00015138": "the root cause of the layout shift", "ir3E8cufzEy-00055-00015138-00015358": "but rather the effected elements.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00056-00015515-00015755": "I personally find this tool most helpful", "ir3E8cufzEy-00057-00015755-00015952": "when combined with screen recording.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00058-00015952-00016146": "Layout shifts can happen very very quickly", "ir3E8cufzEy-00059-00016146-00016469": "and this can make it difficult to debug them in real time.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00060-00016469-00016613": "However, with screen recordings,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00061-00016613-00016873": "you can step through the page load process afterwards", "ir3E8cufzEy-00062-00016873-00017150": "as many times as you want, at your own pace,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00063-00017150-00017414": "until you figure out what's causing the layout shift.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00064-00017504-00017691": "Another thing that I want to mention", "ir3E8cufzEy-00065-00017691-00017924": "is that you can augment your web vitals reporting,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00066-00017924-00018098": "to provide you with more information", "ir3E8cufzEy-00067-00018098-00018318": "about the circumstances under which", "ir3E8cufzEy-00068-00018318-00018652": "a particular performance measurement was observed.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00069-00018652-00018942": "This includes things like reporting on connection type,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00070-00018942-00019252": "or scroll position, as well as pieces of data", "ir3E8cufzEy-00071-00019252-00019432": "that might be unique to your app.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00072-00019432-00019876": "For example, if your app sets a debugging token.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00073-00019876-00020153": "Layout shifts that occur within 500 milliseconds", "ir3E8cufzEy-00074-00020153-00020533": "of user input do not count towards CLS.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00075-00020533-00020790": "The asterisk here, though, is that", "ir3E8cufzEy-00076-00020790-00021217": "scrolling is not considered an excluded user input.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00077-00021217-00021554": "In other words, if a user scrolls on a page", "ir3E8cufzEy-00078-00021554-00021821": "and a layout shift occurs immediately after", "ir3E8cufzEy-00079-00021821-00022112": "it's still going to count towards CLS.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00080-00022112-00022375": "The reason why scrolling is treated a little bit differently", "ir3E8cufzEy-00081-00022375-00022602": "than these other user input events,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00082-00022602-00022729": "is that if you think about it,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00083-00022729-00022896": "if a user is scrolling on the page", "ir3E8cufzEy-00084-00022896-00023126": "there's really no good reason why", "ir3E8cufzEy-00085-00023126-00023336": "a layout shift should be occurring.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00086-00023336-00023760": "On the other hand, when a user is clicking on the page", "ir3E8cufzEy-00087-00023760-00023984": "it's much more likely that", "ir3E8cufzEy-00088-00023984-00024190": "they’re trying to navigate to a new page,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00089-00024190-00024337": "or opening a nav bar,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00090-00024337-00024634": "and these are things that can trigger layout shifts", "ir3E8cufzEy-00091-00024634-00024794": "but they're probably layout shifts", "ir3E8cufzEy-00092-00024794-00025021": "that the user doesn't mind, or they're wanted,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00093-00025021-00025322": "'cause the user is trying to accomplish something.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00094-00025322-00025508": "Keeping with the scrolling theme.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00095-00025508-00025719": "Another thing that I want to mention", "ir3E8cufzEy-00096-00025719-00025952": "is that most lab tools such as Lighthouse,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00097-00025952-00026313": "or WebPageTest do not scroll down your page.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00098-00026313-00026579": "And this can be a blind spot when it comes to measuring", "ir3E8cufzEy-00099-00026579-00026950": "and identifying CLS in lab environments.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00100-00026950-00027190": "And I'd say this probably affects mobile", "ir3E8cufzEy-00101-00027190-00027387": "a little bit more than it does desktop.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00102-00027507-00027744": "At the same time, though, this blind spot", "ir3E8cufzEy-00103-00027744-00028034": "might not be as big as you think it is.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00104-00028034-00028448": "Keep in mind that layout shifts only count towards CLS", "ir3E8cufzEy-00105-00028448-00028722": "if they're visible to the user.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00106-00028722-00028995": "In other words, if there’s a layout shift", "ir3E8cufzEy-00107-00028995-00029202": "that occurs below the fold,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00108-00029202-00029409": "but the user hasn't scrolled down the page,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00109-00029409-00029622": "it's not going to count towards CLS.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00110-00029719-00029923": "Lastly, keep in mind that sometimes", "ir3E8cufzEy-00111-00029923-00030073": "there can be no correlation", "ir3E8cufzEy-00112-00030073-00030527": "between the CLS of a mobile and desktop site.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00113-00030527-00030800": "This desktop and mobile versions of the same site", "ir3E8cufzEy-00114-00030800-00031127": "often use different layouts, they use different UX patterns,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00115-00031127-00031304": "and as a result they can exhibit", "ir3E8cufzEy-00116-00031304-00031538": "very different layout shifts.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00117-00031538-00031661": "That brings me to my next point,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00118-00031661-00031888": "which is that code is only part of the solution", "ir3E8cufzEy-00119-00031888-00032022": "to layout shift.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00120-00032022-00032319": "Some layout shifts can be fixed strictly through code.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00121-00032319-00032532": "This usually consists of adding the width", "ir3E8cufzEy-00122-00032532-00032822": "and height attributes to images, videos, and iframes.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00123-00032949-00033096": "However, many layout shifts", "ir3E8cufzEy-00124-00033096-00033543": "are largely the result of bad UX patterns.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00125-00033543-00033820": "In other words, the product was designed that way.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00126-00033820-00034104": "An example that I've seen really frequently", "ir3E8cufzEy-00127-00034104-00034431": "is sites popping in banners at the top of the page", "ir3E8cufzEy-00128-00034431-00034744": "to make an announcement, and when this banner pops in,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00129-00034744-00034971": "it pushes everything else on the page down.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00130-00035108-00035368": "Optimizing UX patterns for Core Web Vitals", "ir3E8cufzEy-00131-00035368-00035608": "is a whole topic in and of itself.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00132-00035608-00035832": "Luckily for you, Garima will be discussing this", "ir3E8cufzEy-00133-00035832-00036076": "in the talk immediately following this one.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00134-00036076-00036409": "I highly recommend that you stick around and watch it.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00135-00036409-00036613": "That's all I have to say about CLS,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00136-00036613-00036926": "I'm now going to talk about third-party scripts.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00137-00036926-00037057": "In the past year, we've heard a lot", "ir3E8cufzEy-00138-00037057-00037427": "about lazy-loading images and lazy-loading iframes.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00139-00037427-00037791": "Lazy loading can also be used to load third-party scripts,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00140-00037791-00038034": "however, it's a bit more of a delicate art form", "ir3E8cufzEy-00141-00038034-00038278": "and the APIs are also different.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00142-00038278-00038471": "On the screen I've listed some APIs", "ir3E8cufzEy-00143-00038471-00038795": "that are available for lazy-loading scripts.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00144-00038795-00038992": "There are a couple of things I want to note here.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00145-00038992-00039332": "One is that the delay set by set timeout", "ir3E8cufzEy-00146-00039332-00039536": "does not represent a guarantee", "ir3E8cufzEy-00147-00039536-00039793": "as to when the callback function will execute.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00148-00039793-00040070": "Instead, it's the minimum amount of time", "ir3E8cufzEy-00149-00040070-00040316": "until that callback function will execute.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00150-00040316-00040650": "This is because the callback function cannot be executed", "ir3E8cufzEy-00151-00040650-00040794": "if the main thread is busy.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00152-00040907-00041127": "This behavior sometimes makes that timeout", "ir3E8cufzEy-00153-00041127-00041264": "frustrating to use", "ir3E8cufzEy-00154-00041264-00041504": "because it makes it a little bit unpredictable.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00155-00041504-00041748": "But in the context of loading third-party scripts,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00156-00041748-00041865": "it's actually kind of interesting", "ir3E8cufzEy-00157-00041865-00042032": "because maybe you don't want to", "ir3E8cufzEy-00158-00042032-00042235": "or you shouldn't be loading third-party scripts", "ir3E8cufzEy-00159-00042235-00042375": "if the main thread is busy.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00160-00042519-00042729": "In addition, I want to note that,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00161-00042729-00043023": "if you want to trigger lazy loading based on user scrolling,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00162-00043023-00043373": "you should really use IntersectionObserver to do that", "ir3E8cufzEy-00163-00043373-00043663": "rather than listening for the scroll event.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00164-00043663-00043950": "IntersectionObserver is going to be much more performant", "ir3E8cufzEy-00165-00043950-00044130": "than listening for the scroll event.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00166-00044220-00044427": "Lastly, I don't see many people using", "ir3E8cufzEy-00167-00044427-00044678": "the PerformanceObserver for lazy loading,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00168-00044678-00045015": "but it does open up some really interesting possibilities", "ir3E8cufzEy-00169-00045015-00045188": "for doing things like waiting", "ir3E8cufzEy-00170-00045188-00045485": "for a particular performance event to occur.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00171-00045485-00045812": "For example, first paint or First Contentful Paint,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00172-00045812-00046016": "and then triggering script loading.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00173-00046116-00046379": "Another issue with third-party scripts that I hear a lot", "ir3E8cufzEy-00174-00046379-00046673": "is that engineering teams are really frustrated", "ir3E8cufzEy-00175-00046673-00046863": "because they feel like marketing teams", "ir3E8cufzEy-00176-00046863-00047107": "just keep adding more scripts to their page,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00177-00047107-00047387": "and there’s nothing they can do about it.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00178-00047387-00047707": "Ideally you would get those teams on board with performance,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00179-00047707-00047881": "but if that's not an option,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00180-00047881-00048274": "you might be able to make some improvements to the situation", "ir3E8cufzEy-00181-00048274-00048468": "by taking advantage of some of the features", "ir3E8cufzEy-00182-00048468-00048661": "available on tag managers.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00183-00048762-00048925": "These are features that give you", "ir3E8cufzEy-00184-00048925-00049209": "the ability to restrict tag usage,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00185-00049209-00049676": "as well as get greater visibility into the usage of tags.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00186-00049676-00050016": "This slide lists some useful features of Google Tag Manager", "ir3E8cufzEy-00187-00050016-00050183": "but I would expect that you would be able to find", "ir3E8cufzEy-00188-00050183-00050473": "similar features in other tag managers as well.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00189-00050567-00050670": "In this last section", "ir3E8cufzEy-00190-00050670-00050894": "I'll be talking about techniques that you can use", "ir3E8cufzEy-00191-00050894-00051074": "for improving your RUM setup.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00192-00051177-00051321": "A question that I commonly get", "ir3E8cufzEy-00193-00051321-00051641": "is how can you get page-level performance data?", "ir3E8cufzEy-00194-00051735-00052055": "Page-level performance data is technically available", "ir3E8cufzEy-00195-00052055-00052382": "in both CrUX and PageSpeed Insights.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00196-00052382-00052555": "However, in practice,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00197-00052555-00052802": "you might find that it's not available,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00198-00052802-00053203": "and that's because page-level data will not be exposed", "ir3E8cufzEy-00199-00053203-00053416": "if there's not enough performance data", "ir3E8cufzEy-00200-00053416-00053656": "available for that page.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00201-00053656-00053900": "If you're running into this situation,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00202-00053900-00054244": "you might find it helpful to look at Search Console.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00203-00054244-00054404": "Search Console is a little bit different", "ir3E8cufzEy-00204-00054404-00054804": "because it exposes performance data based on URL groups.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00205-00054901-00055241": "Search Console URL groups are groupings of URLs", "ir3E8cufzEy-00206-00055241-00055515": "with similar HTML structure.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00207-00055515-00055852": "The idea being that structurally similar pages", "ir3E8cufzEy-00208-00055852-00056232": "are going to exhibit similar performance characteristics.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00209-00056232-00056439": "As a result, pages that might not have", "ir3E8cufzEy-00210-00056439-00056813": "enough performance data to be displayed in PSI or CrUX,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00211-00056813-00057170": "could potentially be displayed in Search Console.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00212-00057170-00057457": "In addition, this feature provides you with a way", "ir3E8cufzEy-00213-00057457-00057657": "of forecasting the performance", "ir3E8cufzEy-00214-00057657-00057914": "of newly added pages to your site.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00215-00058008-00058311": "For example, the screenshot on the screen", "ir3E8cufzEy-00216-00058311-00058665": "shows the URL groupings that Search Console detected", "ir3E8cufzEy-00217-00058665-00059002": "for all the author pages on web.dev.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00218-00059002-00059319": "If I were to add a new author page to web.dev,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00219-00059319-00059456": "I technically don't know", "ir3E8cufzEy-00220-00059456-00059703": "what the page performance is going to be like,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00221-00059703-00059869": "but I can get a pretty good idea", "ir3E8cufzEy-00222-00059869-00060153": "by looking at the aggregate page performance", "ir3E8cufzEy-00223-00060153-00060460": "of all the existing author pages on web.dev.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00224-00060583-00060724": "Search Console is a great tool,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00225-00060724-00060880": "but if you want more detailed", "ir3E8cufzEy-00226-00060880-00061127": "or more frequent performance data", "ir3E8cufzEy-00227-00061127-00061297": "than what search console provides,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00228-00061297-00061634": "you will need to collect your own performance data.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00229-00061634-00061818": "There are two paths that you can go down", "ir3E8cufzEy-00230-00061818-00062062": "when it comes to collecting your own performance data.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00231-00062062-00062242": "You can set up the tooling yourself,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00232-00062242-00062515": "or you can sign up for a third-party service.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00233-00062629-00062876": "If you want to set up the performance tooling yourself,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00234-00062876-00063166": "we recommend using the web-vitals JS library", "ir3E8cufzEy-00235-00063166-00063373": "that is available on GitHub.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00236-00063373-00063680": "Web-vitals JS is a small lightweight script", "ir3E8cufzEy-00237-00063680-00063850": "that you include on your page,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00238-00063850-00064247": "that provides an API for measuring the web-vitals metrics.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00239-00064247-00064427": "The advantage of using this script", "ir3E8cufzEy-00240-00064427-00064651": "rather than something you implement yourself,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00241-00064651-00064811": "is that it gives you the assurance", "ir3E8cufzEy-00242-00064811-00064984": "that your implementation is correct,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00243-00064984-00065218": "and therefore the measurements that you collect", "ir3E8cufzEy-00244-00065218-00065478": "are going to match those found in Google Tooling.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00245-00065592-00065815": "Alternatively, there are a wide variety", "ir3E8cufzEy-00246-00065815-00066092": "of third-party services that support web-vitals.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00247-00066092-00066302": "Most of these are paid services,", "ir3E8cufzEy-00248-00066302-00066573": "however, CloudFlare Browser Insights", "ir3E8cufzEy-00249-00066573-00066866": "is available for free and supports web-vitals.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00250-00067023-00067227": "That brings me to the end of this presentation.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00251-00067227-00067437": "Thanks for watching, see you soon.", "ir3E8cufzEy-00252-00067437-00067694": "(upbeat music)"}}, {"audio_id": "is-jNyQkL0o", "text": {"is-jNyQkL0o-00000-00000035-00000176": "Teri Manolio: All right, thanks.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00001-00000176-00000556": "So this is where we were around this time yesterday.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00002-00000556-00000785": "We had heard a number of international projects.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00003-00000785-00001204": "I was going to go through the things we heard about this morning, but I thought since we", "is-jNyQkL0o-00004-00001204-00001546": "kind of are all focused on the working groups, let's do that first, and then we'll go back", "is-jNyQkL0o-00005-00001546-00001760": "and recap a few of the things.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00006-00001760-00002234": "So, as Geoff said, we're -- you know, we came into this meeting and nobody seemed to object", "is-jNyQkL0o-00007-00002234-00002703": "to the idea that we might come out of it with some kind of an international steering group", "is-jNyQkL0o-00008-00002703-00002909": "and working groups underneath that.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00009-00002909-00003313": "The working groups that we identified for this meeting are these five, and they're obviously", "is-jNyQkL0o-00010-00003313-00003439": "the ones that we've talked about.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00011-00003439-00003886": "I think the question here, are these the right ones, and what did we miss?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00012-00003886-00004371": "Is there some other group that we need to include here?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00013-00004371-00004810": "And I realize people are tired.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00014-00004810-00005295": "None of this, as Geoff said, is binding, and we will be sending you summaries and things", "is-jNyQkL0o-00015-00005295-00005395": "to react to.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00016-00005395-00005869": "Please do respond to them, you know, when you've awakened and that.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00017-00005869-00006269": "But at least for the time being, it seems like this is a reasonable framework to work", "is-jNyQkL0o-00018-00006269-00006369": "around.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00019-00006369-00006813": "As Geoff said, the leadership of this must be multinational if this is to be a global", "is-jNyQkL0o-00020-00006813-00006913": "effort.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00021-00006913-00007447": "You probably didn't notice that the leaders of every working group were American.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00022-00007447-00007631": "We don't want that to be the case here.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00023-00007631-00007731": "Male Speaker: [inaudible]", "is-jNyQkL0o-00024-00007731-00007831": "Teri Manolio: Pardon me?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00025-00007831-00007931": "Male Speaker: [inaudible]", "is-jNyQkL0o-00026-00007931-00008068": "Teri Manolio: Yeah, Marc did try his best English accent,", "is-jNyQkL0o-00027-00008068-00008224": "and I don't think it fooled anyone.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00028-00008224-00008324": "[laughter]", "is-jNyQkL0o-00029-00008324-00008673": "Male Speaker: Oh, I thought that was a pirate.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00030-00008673-00008857": "Teri Manolio: That's right, that's right.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00031-00008857-00008957": "\"Argh.\"", "is-jNyQkL0o-00032-00008957-00009299": "So we do need volunteers to take some of the leadership, and there are a number of very", "is-jNyQkL0o-00033-00009299-00009706": "enthusiastic people in this room -- we won't pin you down at the moment -- but please give", "is-jNyQkL0o-00034-00009706-00009945": "some serious thought to taking on leadership.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00035-00009945-00010329": "I think we probably want to have co-leads so that there was more than one person.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00036-00010329-00010473": "You could kind of back each other up.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00037-00010473-00010945": "That one of those does not need to be American; you know, really this something we want to", "is-jNyQkL0o-00038-00010945-00011220": "be a global effort.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00039-00011220-00011654": "What might -- we then -- if we have an international steering group you need somebody, if you've", "is-jNyQkL0o-00040-00011654-00012072": "got a number of working groups, you need somebody that kind of keeps them on track, and watches", "is-jNyQkL0o-00041-00012072-00012450": "what they do, and interacts among them and that sort of thing.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00042-00012450-00012928": "So, we might have a steering group that probably would not be a committee of the whole, but", "is-jNyQkL0o-00043-00012928-00013333": "perhaps a smaller sort of executive group that really would just kind of monitor what's", "is-jNyQkL0o-00044-00013333-00013788": "going on, identify directions, maybe facilitate communications and interchange.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00045-00013788-00014216": "And actually, as Geoff and I thought about this, there are a number ways we could facilitate", "is-jNyQkL0o-00046-00014216-00014676": "communications; the observatory that was mentioned sounds like a wonderful thing, and we need", "is-jNyQkL0o-00047-00014676-00014869": "to learn more about that.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00048-00014869-00015231": "But, you know, should we have websites and information clearinghouse?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00049-00015231-00015472": "Should we be pushing notices and news releases?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00050-00015472-00015869": "We heard this morning that some of the news releases that came from NHGRI would have been", "is-jNyQkL0o-00051-00015869-00016266": "very helpful for you guys to have heard about in other parts of the world so that you were", "is-jNyQkL0o-00052-00016266-00016467": "prepared for them, et cetera.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00053-00016467-00016790": "A newsletter, you know, should we have a repeat meeting?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00054-00016790-00017304": "And as we thought about this, probably would be useful to have a communications working", "is-jNyQkL0o-00055-00017304-00017691": "group or some other kind of synergy working group and that.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00056-00017691-00018187": "So that seemed to us to be something we would also want to add in here.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00057-00018187-00018397": "Would there be any objections to that?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00058-00018397-00018691": "Does that seem like a reasonable thing to do?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00059-00018691-00018897": "Yes, sir?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00060-00018897-00019298": "Male Speaker: I would just suggest that part of the mandate", "is-jNyQkL0o-00061-00019298-00019812": "of that communications group would also be to liaise with other organizations that have", "is-jNyQkL0o-00062-00019812-00019954": "overlapping mandates --", "is-jNyQkL0o-00063-00019954-00020054": "Teri Manolio: Excellent point.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00064-00020054-00020181": "Male Speaker: -- I mean, there's Global Alliance, there's", "is-jNyQkL0o-00065-00020181-00020318": "IRDiRC, there's ICGC, et cetera, et cetera.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00066-00020318-00020718": "We're creating another thing here, and we want to make sure that we don't duplicate", "is-jNyQkL0o-00067-00020718-00020906": "too much and we also harmonize what we're doing.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00068-00020906-00021006": "Teri Manolio: Great point.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00069-00021006-00021106": "Thank you.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00070-00021106-00021278": "Tim, did you have a point to make?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00071-00021278-00021509": "Tim Hubbard: [inaudible]", "is-jNyQkL0o-00072-00021509-00021773": "Teri Manolio: I'm sorry?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00073-00021773-00021934": "Oh, okay.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00074-00021934-00022412": "I think that's the right spelling, so -- okay, great.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00075-00022412-00022723": "So, communications working group, so we'll add that in.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00076-00022723-00023329": "And then we tried to capture what seemed to be the top ideas, although, despite, you know,", "is-jNyQkL0o-00077-00023329-00023787": "Marc was valiant in trying to identify us to the rest of you; I'm not sure we got them", "is-jNyQkL0o-00078-00023787-00023916": "quite as clearly laid out.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00079-00023916-00024295": "And obviously even today's, you know, the first group, you probably want to give some", "is-jNyQkL0o-00080-00024295-00024564": "thought to that as to whether those were the top ideas.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00081-00024564-00025037": "Laura, I apologize, you know from preparing summaries like this that the last group is", "is-jNyQkL0o-00082-00025037-00025418": "the one that you don't capture because you're madly trying to put your presentation together.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00083-00025418-00025788": "So hopefully we'll get those from you.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00084-00025788-00026209": "But it seemed as though there were probably -- I wanted to put them all on one slide so", "is-jNyQkL0o-00085-00026209-00026571": "that's why they're kind of smashed together like this.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00086-00026571-00026786": "But these seem to be the main ones.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00087-00026786-00027288": "So what I'd like to do now is really to get a sort of show of hands of people who'd be", "is-jNyQkL0o-00088-00027288-00027700": "interested in working in this, so that we have a kind of a feel for, you know, what", "is-jNyQkL0o-00089-00027700-00028124": "we might be able to move forward quickly, at least with the folks in the room.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00090-00028124-00028314": "So we're going to try this and see what happens.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00091-00028314-00028825": "So, in terms of defining key elements to be stored in the EMR, who would like to help", "is-jNyQkL0o-00092-00028825-00029186": "with that?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00093-00029186-00029349": "Instead of the individual ones.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00094-00029349-00029521": "We could do that.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00095-00029521-00029708": "So how about IT?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00096-00029708-00029818": "Who would like to help with that?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00097-00029818-00030437": "Okay, so we've got about six people, so I'm going to just give myself some notes here.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00098-00030437-00030583": "All right.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00099-00030583-00030909": "And then in education, who'd like to help with that?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00100-00030909-00031009": "Okay.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00101-00031009-00031109": "Okay.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00102-00031109-00031386": "Super, thank you.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00103-00031386-00031486": "Three.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00104-00031486-00031586": "Thanks.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00105-00031586-00031686": "In evidence?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00106-00031686-00031918": "Who'd like to help in that area?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00107-00031918-00032018": "Evidence generation.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00108-00032018-00032118": "Don't be shy.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00109-00032118-00032218": "There you go.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00110-00032218-00032327": "One, two; there must be more.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00111-00032327-00032427": "No?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00112-00032427-00032527": "Okay.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00113-00032527-00032677": "Evidence is hard; all of these are hard.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00114-00032677-00032778": "Pharmacogenomics?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00115-00032778-00033311": "One, two, three, four -- oh, pharmacogenomics is going.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00116-00033311-00033527": "All right, so four for that.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00117-00033527-00033627": "Super.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00118-00033627-00033908": "That's very helpful just, so that we have a feel, but--", "is-jNyQkL0o-00119-00033908-00034334": "Male Speaker: Could you add economics?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00120-00034334-00034434": "Teri Manolio: I'm sorry.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00121-00034434-00034636": "Male Speaker: Can you just -- that would be my heard -- in", "is-jNyQkL0o-00122-00034636-00034737": "policy I heard was economics.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00123-00034737-00034837": "Teri Manolio: Okay.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00124-00034837-00035002": "Cost assessment.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00125-00035002-00035306": "And this isn't that we would go forward with it, it's really just to get a feel for, you", "is-jNyQkL0o-00126-00035306-00035659": "know, do we have a critical mass?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00127-00035659-00035897": "Okay.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00128-00035897-00036854": "Male Speaker: And there's some overlap because, again, the", "is-jNyQkL0o-00129-00036854-00036954": "global resource for actionable variants was also one of the important elements of evidence", "is-jNyQkL0o-00130-00036954-00037054": "generation.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00131-00037054-00037154": "Economics is also an important part of evidence generation.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00132-00037154-00037254": "Teri Manolio: Yeah.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00133-00037254-00037354": "Absolutely.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00134-00037354-00037454": "Good point.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00135-00037454-00037554": "So how about --", "is-jNyQkL0o-00136-00037554-00037654": "Male Speaker: And every one of the groups wants people to", "is-jNyQkL0o-00137-00037654-00037774": "be able to get it in their area.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00138-00037774-00037874": "So education will be more than --", "is-jNyQkL0o-00139-00037874-00037974": "Teri Manolio: Yes.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00140-00037974-00038074": "Yeah.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00141-00038074-00038174": "Right.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00142-00038174-00038274": "Right.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00143-00038274-00038374": "So how about the policy area?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00144-00038374-00038474": "Two, three, four, five, six.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00145-00038474-00038574": "Good.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00146-00038574-00038674": "Male Speaker: Add one for George.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00147-00038674-00038774": "Teri Manolio: Oh, okay.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00148-00038774-00038874": "Great.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00149-00038874-00038974": "Seven.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00150-00038974-00039074": "Super.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00151-00039074-00039174": "Okay, that's helpful.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00152-00039174-00039284": "And I think something we also ought to keep in mind is that probably we can't move forward", "is-jNyQkL0o-00153-00039284-00039736": "any of these areas without the others, so they probably all do need to move forward", "is-jNyQkL0o-00154-00039736-00040156": "in some degree together because it sounded like, you know, much as was discussed within", "is-jNyQkL0o-00155-00040156-00040625": "the working groups is that you, you know, as Bruce was describing, you can't have really", "is-jNyQkL0o-00156-00040625-00040983": "great geneticists if nobody refers to them, and you can't have wonderful providers if", "is-jNyQkL0o-00157-00040983-00041353": "they don't have anybody to you know provide counseling and that sort thing so.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00158-00041353-00041455": "All right.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00159-00041455-00041661": "Go back to this then.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00160-00041661-00042202": "All right, so I think those were the main kind of outcomes from this, and we'll talk", "is-jNyQkL0o-00161-00042202-00042377": "about next steps in a second.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00162-00042377-00042770": "I did want to just go -- let me just stop for a moment.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00163-00042770-00043258": "Anything else about the working group summaries that -- tasks that we might go forward with,", "is-jNyQkL0o-00164-00043258-00043402": "that sort of thing, or missing?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00165-00043402-00043574": "Eric, could you use a microphone please?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00166-00043574-00043909": "Eric Green: It relates a little bit to the recruitment,", "is-jNyQkL0o-00167-00043909-00044302": "and I think this is a good time to ask this question, and maybe you could do it at the", "is-jNyQkL0o-00168-00044302-00044402": "end.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00169-00044402-00044669": "But I mean one of the things I think would be very helpful to hear -- people that are", "is-jNyQkL0o-00170-00044669-00045144": "in this room the last two days just happened to be people that we were able to figure out", "is-jNyQkL0o-00171-00045144-00045570": "to invite and that happened to be able to make it on the dates that we picked that were", "is-jNyQkL0o-00172-00045570-00046111": "available, but we are quite sure there are a lot of people out there that would be incredibly", "is-jNyQkL0o-00173-00046111-00046572": "interested in these topics, probably to be very active, that either we failed to identify,", "is-jNyQkL0o-00174-00046572-00046812": "or that we were successful at identifying but couldn't make it to this meeting at this", "is-jNyQkL0o-00175-00046812-00046927": "moment in time.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00176-00046927-00047562": "How -- what's the mechanism by which we can network and capture and engage those individuals,", "is-jNyQkL0o-00177-00047562-00047991": "especially from other countries, you know, that we completely missed at this particular", "is-jNyQkL0o-00178-00047991-00048091": "meeting.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00179-00048091-00048305": "Teri Manolio: So might that be something that the communications", "is-jNyQkL0o-00180-00048305-00048405": "group --", "is-jNyQkL0o-00181-00048405-00048505": "Eric Green: Yeah, perhaps.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00182-00048505-00048605": "Or --", "is-jNyQkL0o-00183-00048605-00048705": "Teri Manolio: Poor communications group, they're going to", "is-jNyQkL0o-00184-00048705-00048805": "--", "is-jNyQkL0o-00185-00048805-00048905": "Male Speaker: Something simple would be to ask this group", "is-jNyQkL0o-00186-00048905-00049115": "to recommend to others to be part of this.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00187-00049115-00049215": "Eric Green: Yes, yes, yes.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00188-00049215-00049315": "Teri Manolio: Yes.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00189-00049315-00049511": "Male Speaker: So, I mean, a simpler task, at least an immediate", "is-jNyQkL0o-00190-00049511-00050274": "one, was if any of you of individuals from either your own organizations or countries", "is-jNyQkL0o-00191-00050274-00050731": "that you've worked with that aren't represented here to email Teri or myself with the names", "is-jNyQkL0o-00192-00050731-00051055": "of those individuals and we'll be in touch with them.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00193-00051055-00051774": "Male Speaker: Thank you.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00194-00051774-00052138": "Teri Manolio: Okay, so let me just identify other members.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00195-00052138-00052364": "Identify other -- okay, so that's that.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00196-00052364-00052705": "Products we've talked about, we've talked about -- okay, good.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00197-00052705-00053250": "And then going back, then, to a little bit about what we heard this morning: This Global", "is-jNyQkL0o-00198-00053250-00053429": "Medicine Alliance was a really neat idea.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00199-00053429-00053913": "It's a shame that George had to leave, but it was very cool, and in many ways, they identified,", "is-jNyQkL0o-00200-00053913-00054341": "I think, many of the components that we were talking about here we needed to do.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00201-00054341-00054901": "And what I think struck many of us was that they seemed to be working on a smaller scale", "is-jNyQkL0o-00202-00054901-00055330": "so that they're, you know, potentially more nimble and able to address things.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00203-00055330-00055753": "And this reminded me, especially because we're late in the day, in the late '60s there was", "is-jNyQkL0o-00204-00055753-00056327": "a little film clip put together called \"Bambi Meets Godzilla,\" and the reason I raise this", "is-jNyQkL0o-00205-00056327-00056755": "is that we wouldn't want to get, you know, a huge group or developed countries that have", "is-jNyQkL0o-00206-00056755-00057216": "policy and regulatory issues that are a major concern to really kind of squash this.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00207-00057216-00057638": "So for those of you who are not familiar with \"Bambi Meets Godzilla,\" Bambi was a Disney", "is-jNyQkL0o-00208-00057638-00057817": "movie that many of us group on.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00209-00057817-00058150": "We're totally traumatized when Bambi's mother died, et cetera.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00210-00058150-00058250": "But --", "is-jNyQkL0o-00211-00058250-00058350": "Female Speaker: What?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00212-00058350-00058450": "Teri Manolio: Yeah.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00213-00058450-00058550": "[laughter]", "is-jNyQkL0o-00214-00058550-00058650": "Male Speaker: Spoiler alert.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00215-00058650-00058750": "Teri Manolio: That's right.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00216-00058750-00059017": "So if you haven't seen this you can Google it and pull it up.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00217-00059017-00059122": "Male Speaker: Old Yeller [spelled phonetically]?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00218-00059122-00059222": "Teri Manolio: Huh?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00219-00059222-00059322": "That's right.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00220-00059322-00059555": "So the way this film goes there's the, you know, very soft music playing in the background;", "is-jNyQkL0o-00221-00059555-00059779": "this is Bambi and that's Godzilla.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00222-00059779-00060044": "And that's basically the end of the film.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00223-00060044-00060144": "[laughter]", "is-jNyQkL0o-00224-00060144-00060488": "And we want to be sure that the same thing doesn't happen to the poor Global Medicine", "is-jNyQkL0o-00225-00060488-00060932": "Alliance, who seem to be getting along just fine without us, but we could really use some", "is-jNyQkL0o-00226-00060932-00061074": "of their help.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00227-00061074-00061535": "One of the things that George suggested to us was potentially some of the break-out groups", "is-jNyQkL0o-00228-00061535-00061985": "might want to write a short report for -- he had mentioned a special issue of personalized", "is-jNyQkL0o-00229-00061985-00062332": "medicine that they were putting together, and might there be some of the break-out groups", "is-jNyQkL0o-00230-00062332-00062688": "-- I think policy was the one he was most interested in, but there might be others as", "is-jNyQkL0o-00231-00062688-00062789": "well.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00232-00062789-00063057": "So something to think about for you guys.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00233-00063057-00063583": "When we heard about newborn sequencing, one of the key messages from that was the idea", "is-jNyQkL0o-00234-00063583-00064044": "that phenotyping data are not going to go away just because we have genotyping, and", "is-jNyQkL0o-00235-00064044-00064264": "that they need to continue to be used together.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00236-00064264-00064677": "And we want to be careful in any of the kinds of projects we're doing to recognize that", "is-jNyQkL0o-00237-00064677-00065050": "these are additional data; they're not, in any way, meant to be replacement data.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00238-00065050-00065307": "So that seemed to be a key point.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00239-00065307-00065658": "And we -- obviously there were some visceral reactions to some of the regulatory issues", "is-jNyQkL0o-00240-00065658-00066133": "that have been raised in using new technology, but we need to recognize that they will be", "is-jNyQkL0o-00241-00066133-00066412": "raised and we're going to have to deal with them.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00242-00066412-00066577": "So, that's that.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00243-00066577-00067011": "I thought this was an excellent point about press releases, and things that happen in", "is-jNyQkL0o-00244-00067011-00067493": "the U.S. have implications overseas, and is there a way for us to improve the communications", "is-jNyQkL0o-00245-00067493-00067973": "with you, and so I've been having an e-dialog with our communications group about how best", "is-jNyQkL0o-00246-00067973-00068105": "to do that.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00247-00068105-00068473": "And maybe we -- you know one of the problems we have is that there are embargos and other", "is-jNyQkL0o-00248-00068473-00068948": "things that we can't break unless we're dealing specifically with press organizations, but", "is-jNyQkL0o-00249-00068948-00069326": "maybe there's a way through a newsletter, or a website, or pushing emails to you, or", "is-jNyQkL0o-00250-00069326-00069598": "something saying this is coming out, you know, you should be aware of it.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00251-00069598-00070177": "I see some nodding around the room; is that something people would agree would be useful?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00252-00070177-00070368": "Okay, great.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00253-00070368-00070468": "Great.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00254-00070468-00070568": "Okay.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00255-00070568-00070939": "And then there was interest as well in the potential for you know some of the international", "is-jNyQkL0o-00256-00070939-00071267": "pilot projects to maybe join some of the existing networks.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00257-00071267-00071738": "It doesn't have to be NHGRI programs; there are others that are going on as potential", "is-jNyQkL0o-00258-00071738-00072218": "affiliate members, so that seemed to be a take-away from this morning, too.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00259-00072218-00072668": "Any other -- anything that anybody disagrees with in what I've said so far?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00260-00072668-00072780": "Okay.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00261-00072780-00073068": "And anything key to add to that?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00262-00073068-00073168": "No?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00263-00073168-00073511": "Okay, we're almost done, guys.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00264-00073511-00073816": "And so then this brings us to kind of next steps.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00265-00073816-00073916": "Yes, sir.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00266-00073916-00074051": "Male Speaker: May I come back to the previous ones?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00267-00074051-00074151": "Teri Manolio: Please.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00268-00074151-00074251": "Male Speaker: It's about the --", "is-jNyQkL0o-00269-00074251-00074383": "Teri Manolio: Could you please, I'm sorry to make you get", "is-jNyQkL0o-00270-00074383-00074676": "up, but it breaks up the blood clots, so it's good for you.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00271-00074676-00074776": "Male Speaker: Sorry.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00272-00074776-00075118": "It's about international projects; I think also international guidelines.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00273-00075118-00075769": "We should be working harder on putting the guidelines together at the international level.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00274-00075769-00076129": "Male Speaker: Pertaining specifically for genetics and genomics", "is-jNyQkL0o-00275-00076129-00076375": "Teri Manolio: Yeah.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00276-00076375-00076560": "Oh, and Godfrey --", "is-jNyQkL0o-00277-00076560-00076795": "Male Speaker: Hey, we got another volunteer.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00278-00076795-00076895": "All right.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00279-00076895-00076995": "Teri Manolio: All right, Godfrey.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00280-00076995-00077095": "All right, thank you, Godfrey.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00281-00077095-00077195": "We will write you down, so that's wonderful, okay.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00282-00077195-00077295": "Good, thank you.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00283-00077295-00077412": "Anything else?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00284-00077412-00077512": "No.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00285-00077512-00078012": "All right, let me just fix the spacing on this, just a moment here.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00286-00078012-00078360": "Or that's not going to work, so, that's fine.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00287-00078360-00078519": "You can still read it.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00288-00078519-00078924": "So the next steps, what we generally do at these meetings -- this has been web-streamed,", "is-jNyQkL0o-00289-00078924-00079613": "and as soon as we can get the video presentations, which usually our communications group is", "is-jNyQkL0o-00290-00079613-00080254": "incredibly fast at this, and within a week, probably faster than that, they will be up", "is-jNyQkL0o-00291-00080254-00080464": "on the NHGRI website.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00292-00080464-00081045": "We'll also post the slides, so we'll capture all of those, including these summary slides.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00293-00081045-00081506": "We will draft a summary -- actually, that's Jackie and Shane will draft that and will", "is-jNyQkL0o-00294-00081506-00082074": "put it together with Geoff and me, a summary that will probably be on the eight- to 10-page", "is-jNyQkL0o-00295-00082074-00082568": "length, and then a much briefer executive summary on the one- to two-page length.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00296-00082568-00082920": "We'll distribute both of those for all of you, or make them available so you can comment", "is-jNyQkL0o-00297-00082920-00083318": "on them, because we want to be sure we're all in somewhat agreement as to what was said", "is-jNyQkL0o-00298-00083318-00083418": "and what happened here.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00299-00083418-00083975": "We'll draft a white paper; we talked about this, I think, initially coming out of this", "is-jNyQkL0o-00300-00083975-00084377": "session, somewhat like the implementation road map thing that we talked about before.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00301-00084377-00084762": "We have to, you know, be careful in many ways not to sort of duplicate what's already been", "is-jNyQkL0o-00302-00084762-00085141": "said in those because many of the meetings come up with, you know, the same barriers", "is-jNyQkL0o-00303-00085141-00085269": "and that sort of thing.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00304-00085269-00085650": "But kind of what's unique about international settings that we need to be aware of.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00305-00085650-00085936": "Obviously, there are ancestral differences; there are cultural differences, those kinds", "is-jNyQkL0o-00306-00085936-00086056": "of things.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00307-00086056-00086593": "What we would propose is that the people who presented, and those who were breakout leaders,", "is-jNyQkL0o-00308-00086593-00087044": "I think that captures just about everybody who had a major -- that they be the authorship.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00309-00087044-00087620": "We recognize there were other people here, but just to kind of make it a manageable group.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00310-00087620-00088011": "And it's difficult, I think, to object to that if you weren't one of those people.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00311-00088011-00088419": "If you have any concerns about that approach, please just send Geoff and me an email and", "is-jNyQkL0o-00312-00088419-00088599": "we'll figure out a way to deal with it.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00313-00088599-00088987": "Does that seem like -- I don't see anybody -- you know, nobody's throwing anything at", "is-jNyQkL0o-00314-00088987-00089299": "us right now, so hopefully that will work.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00315-00089299-00089476": "Not quite sure where it would go.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00316-00089476-00089661": "Yes, sir.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00317-00089661-00089761": "You going to throw something at me?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00318-00089761-00089861": "Oh, okay.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00319-00089861-00089961": "Oh, you're coming to the microphone.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00320-00089961-00090455": "Male Speaker: Well, I didn't want to get yelled at for not", "is-jNyQkL0o-00321-00090455-00090555": "using the microphone.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00322-00090555-00090655": "Teri Manolio: Oh, okay.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00323-00090655-00090755": "[laughs]", "is-jNyQkL0o-00324-00090755-00090908": "Male Speaker: There was some discussion about within the", "is-jNyQkL0o-00325-00090908-00091568": "working group about creating a publication around that specific area so I assume that", "is-jNyQkL0o-00326-00091568-00092074": "if that does go forward, we just run it through -- make sure you guys are aware of it, and", "is-jNyQkL0o-00327-00092074-00092174": "all that kind of stuff.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00328-00092174-00092323": "Teri Manolio: Well, and I think we would want to share it", "is-jNyQkL0o-00329-00092323-00092423": "across, and to the --", "is-jNyQkL0o-00330-00092423-00092523": "Male Speaker: Yeah, yeah.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00331-00092523-00092623": "Teri Manolio: -- degree that everybody wants to look at", "is-jNyQkL0o-00332-00092623-00092723": "it.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00333-00092723-00092823": "Male Speaker: Right, but there's no --", "is-jNyQkL0o-00334-00092823-00092923": "Teri Manolio: Stricture against it.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00335-00092923-00093023": "Male Speaker: -- pushback against the idea, okay.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00336-00093023-00093123": "Teri Manolio: Not at all.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00337-00093123-00093318": "It would be wonderful because there's no way that we can get at the richness of what happened", "is-jNyQkL0o-00338-00093318-00093551": "in the working groups.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00339-00093551-00093957": "And we certainly want to capture some of that, so that would be great.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00340-00093957-00094298": "And I think the other thing to keep in mind is at least the journals that we've dealt", "is-jNyQkL0o-00341-00094298-00094720": "with on meetings like this, they really don't want to know what happened in the meeting.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00342-00094720-00095064": "What they want to know is what's, you know, what's important, what are the key things", "is-jNyQkL0o-00343-00095064-00095382": "that a group of smart people got together and agreed should move forward.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00344-00095382-00095825": "So, it can change from what we said in the meeting; we should all agree on it afterward.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00345-00095825-00096262": "But somebody told me once that a good meeting summarizer makes the meeting sound better", "is-jNyQkL0o-00346-00096262-00096382": "than it was.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00347-00096382-00097039": "So, you know -- yeah, oh, that's true, it would be a challenge indeed, but as we, you", "is-jNyQkL0o-00348-00097039-00097624": "know, move forward with these, don't be afraid to embellish and improve and that, as long", "is-jNyQkL0o-00349-00097624-00097789": "as everybody agrees.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00350-00097789-00098036": "So, draft the white paper, presenters, okay.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00351-00098036-00098426": "All right, we need everyone here -- we will send out a list of action items probably very", "is-jNyQkL0o-00352-00098426-00098776": "soon because we want action items to have action.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00353-00098776-00099289": "So we need people to volunteer for working group leadership and to be members of working", "is-jNyQkL0o-00354-00099289-00099637": "groups, and we may, you know, tag some of you, but really, we would want -- love to", "is-jNyQkL0o-00355-00099637-00099737": "have volunteers.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00356-00099737-00100124": "So that, again, would be something I think if you have email Geoff and me -- is that", "is-jNyQkL0o-00357-00100124-00100347": "okay?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00358-00100347-00100657": "We will need at some point then to identify steering group and working groups, convene", "is-jNyQkL0o-00359-00100657-00100766": "them in some way.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00360-00100766-00101130": "We should consider a follow-up meeting; there seemed to be interest in that.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00361-00101130-00101349": "Is there still interest in that?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00362-00101349-00101694": "Male Speaker: Was that a September meeting in Greece?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00363-00101694-00101901": "Teri Manolio: The September meeting in Greece, yeah.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00364-00101901-00102145": "Eric Green: Hand in hand with that point, although it", "is-jNyQkL0o-00365-00102145-00102606": "would fit to any of these, I just want to make the point that NHGRI convened this first", "is-jNyQkL0o-00366-00102606-00103214": "meeting to get this off the ground, but by no means do we intend this to be an NHGRI-driven", "is-jNyQkL0o-00367-00103214-00103314": "process.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00368-00103314-00103932": "We welcome other agencies, other funding agencies, other organizations, other international groups", "is-jNyQkL0o-00369-00103932-00104230": "to join us as the organizational body.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00370-00104230-00104490": "This is not saying we want to own exclusively.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00371-00104490-00105072": "We invited various other agencies we thought of, but then there's others that aren't represented.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00372-00105072-00105297": "I mean, again, we really are looking for partners in this.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00373-00105297-00105676": "This is not saying we want to own all by ourselves; it's not even appropriate for us to do this", "is-jNyQkL0o-00374-00105676-00105800": "in the long run.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00375-00105800-00105909": "Teri Manolio: Excellent point.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00376-00105909-00106239": "Yeah, and I think, too, we really don't have the bandwidth.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00377-00106239-00106351": "We're a small institute.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00378-00106351-00106607": "Eric didn't tell you that we're 1.6 percent, is it?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00379-00106607-00106707": "Eric Green: 1.7.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00380-00106707-00106976": "Teri Manolio: 1.7 percent of the total NIH budget, so we're", "is-jNyQkL0o-00381-00106976-00107083": "teeny.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00382-00107083-00107477": "But we do have -- and I didn't get a chance to introduce Andy Freedman and a couple of", "is-jNyQkL0o-00383-00107477-00107777": "the other folks from other institutes, NCI and that, who were here.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00384-00107777-00108190": "We have other partners through NIH, and we also, you know, need you guys to partner with", "is-jNyQkL0o-00385-00108190-00108290": "us.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00386-00108290-00108390": "Yes, sir.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00387-00108390-00108492": "Male Speaker: Yeah, there are a couple possible venues where", "is-jNyQkL0o-00388-00108492-00108733": "we could have some follow-up for this.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00389-00108733-00109228": "One is that Canadian meeting that Pierre mentioned to bring all the Canadian groups together.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00390-00109228-00109419": "That's going to be in April.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00391-00109419-00109884": "And I can - if anyone's interested in using that as a way to get together again, please", "is-jNyQkL0o-00392-00109884-00110005": "get in touch with me.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00393-00110005-00110105": "And the other possibility --", "is-jNyQkL0o-00394-00110105-00110205": "Teri Manolio: And you're Paul Lasko?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00395-00110205-00110488": "Paul Lasko: I'm Paul Lasko, yes.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00396-00110488-00111013": "And the other possibility is that the IRDiRC executives meeting around the European Rare", "is-jNyQkL0o-00397-00111013-00111179": "Disease meeting in Berlin.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00398-00111179-00111439": "I think that's May 9th and 10th.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00399-00111439-00111846": "So I'm sure we could work out some sort of satellite workshop or something there.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00400-00111846-00112103": "Teri Manolio: It may be a little soon for those, but, yeah,", "is-jNyQkL0o-00401-00112103-00112577": "but those certainly would be places where people of -- like-minded people could get", "is-jNyQkL0o-00402-00112577-00112677": "together --", "is-jNyQkL0o-00403-00112677-00112777": "Paul Lasko: Precisely.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00404-00112777-00112877": "Teri Manolio: -- and identify additional things.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00405-00112877-00112977": "Paul Lasko: Yeah, not to bring this whole group to either", "is-jNyQkL0o-00406-00112977-00113077": "of those meetings.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00407-00113077-00113177": "Teri Manolio: Irene.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00408-00113177-00113397": "Irene Norstedt: I just want to raise a question, because as", "is-jNyQkL0o-00409-00113397-00114100": "soon word get out about this meeting has taken place, there is a number of other organization", "is-jNyQkL0o-00410-00114100-00114625": "in Europe I think we have five organizations dealing on different aspects of personalized", "is-jNyQkL0o-00411-00114625-00115157": "medicine, predictive medicine, et cetera, industry associations, et cetera, who I presume", "is-jNyQkL0o-00412-00115157-00115769": "would like to engage in this work, so how -- have you thought about how to deal with", "is-jNyQkL0o-00413-00115769-00116014": "that, because this could eventually grow as a very, very big endeavor --", "is-jNyQkL0o-00414-00116014-00116128": "Teri Manolio: It could.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00415-00116128-00116490": "Irene Norstedt: -- to include industry and all kind of learned", "is-jNyQkL0o-00416-00116490-00116786": "societies, et cetera.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00417-00116786-00117319": "Geoffrey Ginsburg: But in many ways I think it would be a good", "is-jNyQkL0o-00418-00117319-00117465": "problem for the field to have.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00419-00117465-00118053": "I would suggest that -- well, one is that I would suggest that we do communicate about", "is-jNyQkL0o-00420-00118053-00118238": "this meeting.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00421-00118238-00118709": "The white, not the white paper, but the executive summary, I think, every one of us should take", "is-jNyQkL0o-00422-00118709-00119146": "those back to whatever leadership we feel accountable to so that they understand that", "is-jNyQkL0o-00423-00119146-00119572": "this is happening, or even distribute it to other groups that they think might have an", "is-jNyQkL0o-00424-00119572-00119672": "interest.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00425-00119672-00120134": "And in order to keep chaos from happening, I think we need to try to, at least for the", "is-jNyQkL0o-00426-00120134-00120608": "time being, establish, since we don't have a structure yet, the structure is Teri and", "is-jNyQkL0o-00427-00120608-00120708": "me for the moment.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00428-00120708-00120826": "Female Speaker: [unintelligible]", "is-jNyQkL0o-00429-00120826-00121174": "Geoffrey Ginsburg: [laughs] Try to funnel that information back", "is-jNyQkL0o-00430-00121174-00121274": "to us.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00431-00121274-00121776": "When we have a more organized group of, let's say, call it a steering committee or oversight", "is-jNyQkL0o-00432-00121776-00122120": "group of an international membership, that would be the group that would receive and", "is-jNyQkL0o-00433-00122120-00122536": "hopefully coordinate some of these interactions you're talking about.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00434-00122536-00123041": "But that's, you know, so that will be at least a short-term plan, and we'll have to evolve", "is-jNyQkL0o-00435-00123041-00123569": "that plan as we see whether the level of interest you forecast happens -- does happen.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00436-00123569-00123890": "Male Speaker: Just last point, can I make?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00437-00123890-00124010": "Teri Manolio: Please.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00438-00124010-00124519": "Male Speaker: I think after this two days' discussion and", "is-jNyQkL0o-00439-00124519-00125138": "deliberations, I feel that it would be appropriate and useful to create an appropriate body or", "is-jNyQkL0o-00440-00125138-00125790": "platform in order to address all the issues because that is extremely important.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00441-00125790-00126508": "And the kind of issues we are addressing, the creation of that body is very important.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00442-00126508-00127414": "So this is my request, so maybe you can go on voting, or we may think what should be", "is-jNyQkL0o-00443-00127414-00127874": "the structure, the [unintelligible], and that sort of thing.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00444-00127874-00127979": "Thank you.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00445-00127979-00128313": "Teri Manolio: If I might just ask you, when you say you", "is-jNyQkL0o-00446-00128313-00128777": "might just go on working, so the \"go on working\" is to collaborate with folks --", "is-jNyQkL0o-00447-00128777-00128963": "Male Speaker: Because, because why I say this is because", "is-jNyQkL0o-00448-00128963-00129425": "you have working groups, you have steering committees, but there must be some ethics", "is-jNyQkL0o-00449-00129425-00129717": "body.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00450-00129717-00129817": "That is very essential.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00451-00129817-00130005": "Teri Manolio: That is essential, yes.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00452-00130005-00130105": "Yeah.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00453-00130105-00130263": "No, excellent point.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00454-00130263-00130692": "Male Speaker: So what I think I understand -- if I understand", "is-jNyQkL0o-00455-00130692-00131088": "what you're trying to suggest is that we make sure that whatever is created out of this", "is-jNyQkL0o-00456-00131088-00131617": "is -- has a global accountability of some sort, I mean, and it's not decoupled from", "is-jNyQkL0o-00457-00131617-00131992": "whatever else is going, and I think we completely agree with that.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00458-00131992-00132342": "Teri Manolio: Okay.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00459-00132342-00132562": "Other comments or suggestions?", "is-jNyQkL0o-00460-00132562-00132766": "All right.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00461-00132766-00133254": "If I'm just going to capture that, global accountability.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00462-00133254-00133378": "Okay.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00463-00133378-00133715": "I think that's it, that's my last slide.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00464-00133715-00134282": "So, at this point, I guess we're pretty much done.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00465-00134282-00134887": "We have a reception coming up, which will be outside, but I think the point I'd like", "is-jNyQkL0o-00466-00134887-00135550": "to make, and I'll let Geoff close, is really this has been a wonderful two days spent with", "is-jNyQkL0o-00467-00135550-00135666": "you all.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00468-00135666-00136025": "And people have worked very hard, and, you know, here we are at five to 5:00, or God", "is-jNyQkL0o-00469-00136025-00136464": "knows what time it is in your home country, and so many people are still here actively", "is-jNyQkL0o-00470-00136464-00136564": "engaged.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00471-00136564-00136664": "So this is terrific.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00472-00136664-00137119": "We want to continue this, we want to capture it, and make it something that will use genomics", "is-jNyQkL0o-00473-00137119-00137504": "to improve healthcare which is why we're all in this business to begin with.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00474-00137504-00137833": "So, with that, you know, give yourselves a round of applause.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00475-00137833-00137955": "You did a great job.", "is-jNyQkL0o-00476-00137955-00137973": "[applause]"}}, {"audio_id": "isGaPgUOLSy", "text": {"isGaPgUOLSy-00000-00000210-00000550": "Murometz is a titan made by SpaceTech corporation.", "isGaPgUOLSy-00001-00000593-00001540": "SpaceTech engineers inspired by their classics designs – Natasha, Cossack and Vityaz – adapted them for the modern battlefield.", "isGaPgUOLSy-00002-00001581-00002086": "Murometz can fly, disable enemies, and unleash devastating missile rains.", "isGaPgUOLSy-00003-00002086-00002240": "Ground mode", "isGaPgUOLSy-00004-00002240-00002660": "Murometz has great firepower. It has three weapon slots.", "isGaPgUOLSy-00005-00002660-00003100": "Use Tsar and Rupture on Murometz for incredible splash damage.", "isGaPgUOLSy-00006-00003132-00003610": "For close range your options are Cataclysm, Cyclone or titan shotguns.", "isGaPgUOLSy-00007-00003674-00004253": "And if you are up for some trick shots, try new weapons Bulava and Kisten.", "isGaPgUOLSy-00008-00004294-00004876": "Self-guided missiles allow you to pulverize the enemies from behind the cover without even seeing them.", "isGaPgUOLSy-00009-00004980-00005700": "Nothing spells trouble like a Titan with one, two, three... five rocket launchers?!", "isGaPgUOLSy-00010-00005732-00005923": "Flight mode", "isGaPgUOLSy-00011-00005923-00006493": "In flight mode Murometz gains stealth, which remains active until the Titan lands.", "isGaPgUOLSy-00012-00006525-00006976": "Once it reaches the maximum height, it activates built-in artillery cannons.", "isGaPgUOLSy-00013-00007043-00007563": "Murometz unleashes all its fury blasting rockets on the enemy and an area around it.", "isGaPgUOLSy-00014-00007621-00008266": "The missile barrage hits so hard that it punches through physical shields, like Shell's or Arthur's.", "isGaPgUOLSy-00015-00008305-00008636": "However, mobile robots can dodge Murometz's salvos.", "isGaPgUOLSy-00016-00008689-00009186": "Everyone else can try hiding under Absorber, Aegis or Ancile energy shields.", "isGaPgUOLSy-00017-00009219-00009610": "To stop the enemies from running, try using the second ability of Murometz –EMP Blast.", "isGaPgUOLSy-00018-00009688-00010406": "If it lands, EMP Blast locks abilities and active modules for your target and all enemies around it.", "isGaPgUOLSy-00019-00010436-00011066": "Stay ahead of your enemies! Catch them off guard – and nothing will save them from Murometz's fury!", "isGaPgUOLSy-00020-00011087-00011223": "Happy hunting, commanders!"}}, {"audio_id": "isOHaZ8ALGy", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "itdX-4N-2h8", "text": {"itdX-4N-2h8-00000-00000325-00000928": "Are you struggling to replicate your ChIP experiment?", "itdX-4N-2h8-00001-00000928-00001438": "Chromatin immunoprecipitation is a powerful technique to map epigenetic marks, which are", "itdX-4N-2h8-00002-00001438-00002049": "extensively studied in basic and translational science, and now implicated in human disease.", "itdX-4N-2h8-00003-00002049-00002561": "In ChIP, modification-specific antibodies enrich pieces of marked chromatin.", "itdX-4N-2h8-00004-00002561-00003233": "The associated DNA can then be mapped to the genome using qPCR or next-gen sequencing.", "itdX-4N-2h8-00005-00003233-00003722": "But the method has some major problems: It’s hard to control across experiments, which", "itdX-4N-2h8-00006-00003722-00004393": "complicates many studies, and success depends on antibody specificity, which is often suspect.", "itdX-4N-2h8-00007-00004393-00004779": "That’s where EpiCypher’s SNAP-ChIP can help.", "itdX-4N-2h8-00008-00004779-00005530": "SNAP-ChIP employs DNA barcoded designer nucleosomes containing individual histone modifications.", "itdX-4N-2h8-00009-00005530-00006043": "Spiking them into your sample lets you directly compare ChIP experiments by normalizing the", "itdX-4N-2h8-00010-00006043-00006544": "amount of barcoded nucleosomes immunoprecipitated in each sample.", "itdX-4N-2h8-00011-00006544-00007120": "Some researchers use chromatin from other species, such as Drosophila, for this purpose.", "itdX-4N-2h8-00012-00007120-00007656": "But those are cell-derived mixtures of different epigenetic modifications, which are poorly", "itdX-4N-2h8-00013-00007656-00007968": "defined and will vary from lot-to-lot.", "itdX-4N-2h8-00014-00007968-00008640": "SNAP-ChIP nucleosomes, in contrast, are homogeneous, completely defined, and undergo rigorous quality", "itdX-4N-2h8-00015-00008640-00009068": "control checks to ensure lot to lot consistency.", "itdX-4N-2h8-00016-00009068-00009663": "And because they come in full histone modification panels -- like our lysine methylation K-MetStat", "itdX-4N-2h8-00017-00009663-00010295": "panel, which includes 16 uniquely modified nucleosomes -- they can also assess your antibody", "itdX-4N-2h8-00018-00010295-00010447": "specificity.", "itdX-4N-2h8-00019-00010447-00011053": "Many antibodies claim to detect specific epigenetic marks, but are actually fairly cross-reactive.", "itdX-4N-2h8-00020-00011053-00011650": "One antibody for H3K4 tri-methylation may be specific to its target, but another may", "itdX-4N-2h8-00021-00011650-00011924": "also pull down H3K4 di-methylation.", "itdX-4N-2h8-00022-00011924-00012389": "Don’t let a faulty antibody compromise your studies.", "itdX-4N-2h8-00023-00012389-00012887": "SNAP-ChIP is the only product that combines internal controls with this important antibody", "itdX-4N-2h8-00024-00012887-00013247": "check - a true revolution for the epigenetics field.", "itdX-4N-2h8-00025-00013247-00013662": "Plus, it’s easy to add SNAP-ChIP to your current protocol.", "itdX-4N-2h8-00026-00013662-00014209": "Simply spike-in our DNA-barcoded nucleosomes at the proper step, and continue with your", "itdX-4N-2h8-00027-00014209-00014318": "usual workflow.", "itdX-4N-2h8-00028-00014318-00014820": "You’ll also get the option to check that your antibody works before deciding whether", "itdX-4N-2h8-00029-00014820-00015368": "to invest in next-gen sequencing, potentially saving time and money.", "itdX-4N-2h8-00030-00015368-00015726": "Get better, more reproducible results with SNAP-ChIP.", "itdX-4N-2h8-00031-00015726-00016280": "Order EpiCypher’s K-MetStat panel today, and stay tuned for upcoming modification panels."}}, {"audio_id": "it8LBGE18gE", "text": {"it8LBGE18gE-00000-00000126-00000232": "[Hoot]", "it8LBGE18gE-00001-00000961-00001464": "Uh huh……uh huh….yeah….do you really think my kidneys could take that kind of punishment", "it8LBGE18gE-00002-00001464-00001564": "again?", "it8LBGE18gE-00003-00001636-00002075": "Ooh, Gladys, I’m gonna have to call you back.", "it8LBGE18gE-00004-00002075-00002384": "The most adorable thing just happened.", "it8LBGE18gE-00005-00002384-00002622": "\"Talking on the phone, a cat just passed me.:", "it8LBGE18gE-00006-00002709-00003030": "Hi, I’m Bianca from the Purdue OWL.", "it8LBGE18gE-00007-00003030-00003534": "And I didn’t really see a cat talking on the phone just now, although that would be", "it8LBGE18gE-00008-00003534-00003740": "pretty amazing.", "it8LBGE18gE-00009-00003740-00004173": "What I meant to say was that while I was on the phone, I saw a cat.", "it8LBGE18gE-00010-00004173-00004711": "My language was misleading because I accidentally used a dangling modifier.", "it8LBGE18gE-00011-00004711-00005121": "What’s a dangling modifier, you ask? Well,", "it8LBGE18gE-00012-00005121-00005510": "to understand that, let’s break the term into its two parts.", "it8LBGE18gE-00013-00005510-00005999": "We’ll be working through the term backwards, since I think we all have a pretty good idea", "it8LBGE18gE-00014-00005999-00006256": "of what it means to “dangle.”", "it8LBGE18gE-00015-00006397-00006944": "As for the second part: a “modifier” is any word or phrase that clarifies or gives", "it8LBGE18gE-00016-00006944-00007307": "additional detail about a different word or phrase.", "it8LBGE18gE-00017-00007307-00007995": "For example, when I talk about a “solid brick wall,” the words “solid” and “brick”", "it8LBGE18gE-00018-00007995-00008344": "are both modifiers for the word “wall.”", "it8LBGE18gE-00019-00008344-00008728": "They describe how firm the wall is and what it’s made of.", "it8LBGE18gE-00020-00008728-00008828": "Solid.", "it8LBGE18gE-00021-00008828-00008928": "Brick.", "it8LBGE18gE-00022-00008992-00009403": "Modifiers are great tools to make your writing more descriptive.", "it8LBGE18gE-00023-00009403-00009934": "To be effective, modifiers should be placed as close as possible to the word or phrase", "it8LBGE18gE-00024-00009934-00010100": "that they’re modifying.", "it8LBGE18gE-00025-00010100-00010592": "If they aren’t—say, if you put them on the wrong side of the sentence?", "it8LBGE18gE-00026-00010592-00011392": "Then the modifiers are off, they're all alone, they are dangling in the wind, and we get dangling modifiers.", "it8LBGE18gE-00027-00011392-00011584": "Remember my cat example?", "it8LBGE18gE-00028-00011584-00012010": "I said, “talking on the phone, a cat passed me.”", "it8LBGE18gE-00029-00012010-00012404": "In this case, the phrase “talking on the phone” is the modifier.", "it8LBGE18gE-00030-00012404-00012737": "I meant for it to modify what I was doing at the time.", "it8LBGE18gE-00031-00012737-00013401": "But, by putting the phrase at the beginning of the sentence, it modified the cat instead.", "it8LBGE18gE-00032-00013401-00013739": "Cue the confusion.", "it8LBGE18gE-00033-00013739-00013821": "Aww….", "it8LBGE18gE-00034-00013983-00014647": "Anyway, therein lies the problem: dangling modifiers can sometimes be amusing, but they are", "it8LBGE18gE-00035-00014656-00014756": "always confusing.", "it8LBGE18gE-00036-00014820-00015060": "Luckily, they’re easy to fix.", "it8LBGE18gE-00037-00015060-00015175": "For example:", "it8LBGE18gE-00038-00015469-00015928": "Now, unless you’re a human-bird hybrid, this doesn’t quite work.", "it8LBGE18gE-00039-00015928-00016368": "Instead, this sentence should probably go something like this.", "it8LBGE18gE-00040-00016368-00016523": "See?", "it8LBGE18gE-00041-00016523-00016962": "Much clearer, now that the modifier is closer to the bird.", "it8LBGE18gE-00042-00016962-00017550": "Now both me and the bird are separate species again, and I’m out of trouble.", "it8LBGE18gE-00043-00017550-00017754": "Here’s another example:", "it8LBGE18gE-00044-00018015-00018453": "In this case, why does Steven only make cake if his friends have sprinkles?", "it8LBGE18gE-00045-00018454-00018837": "Do they pay for their cake with sprinkles instead of cash?", "it8LBGE18gE-00046-00018838-00019173": "And why does Steven need all of those sprinkles? [Ominous laughter]", "it8LBGE18gE-00047-00019173-00019608": "Again, dangling modifiers have a simple solution.", "it8LBGE18gE-00048-00019609-00020069": "All you need to do is rearrange the sentence so that the modifier is next to the thing", "it8LBGE18gE-00049-00020069-00020208": "it’s modifying.", "it8LBGE18gE-00050-00020208-00020386": "Easy enough.", "it8LBGE18gE-00051-00020386-00020962": "In fact, the biggest challenge you may face is seeing dangling modifiers in the first", "it8LBGE18gE-00052-00020962-00021062": "place.", "it8LBGE18gE-00053-00021062-00021646": "This is why it’s always a good idea to have someone else look at your writing.", "it8LBGE18gE-00054-00021646-00022079": "Having that second set of eyes helps find issues that you might have missed.", "it8LBGE18gE-00055-00022079-00022726": "And, after all, whether the person giving you feedback is a family member, a friend,", "it8LBGE18gE-00056-00022726-00023491": "an instructor, or a friendly neighborhood writing lab tutor, aren’t we all dangling", "it8LBGE18gE-00057-00023491-00023816": "through this life…together?", "it8LBGE18gE-00058-00023882-00023974": "I’m Bianca.", "it8LBGE18gE-00059-00024000-00024098": "Thanks for watching!", "it8LBGE18gE-00060-00024448-00024534": "[Hoot]"}}, {"audio_id": "itlZoy7FlnY", "text": {"itlZoy7FlnY-00000-00000000-00000456": "Hey traders, I'm about to trade GME yes I will trade it again today why because it's gapping up", "itlZoy7FlnY-00001-00000456-00001008": "more the four percent and when GME is getting up everybody's watching that's why you won't read it", "itlZoy7FlnY-00002-00001008-00001496": "and it should be a gap and go meaning it gapped up it's coming down it's great because you won't see", "itlZoy7FlnY-00003-00001496-00002007": "the sellers getting out of the way you want to see them getting out and then you want the buyers and", "itlZoy7FlnY-00004-00002007-00002576": "the buyers are going to be the big numbers today not only today because it's GME now you look for a", "itlZoy7FlnY-00005-00002576-00003176": "technical reversal you look for a move up and then when it starts moving higher just like it does now", "itlZoy7FlnY-00006-00003176-00003552": "you look for the point of no return and you're going to click that button it's going to happen", "itlZoy7FlnY-00007-00003552-00004208": "right now and I am long 4000 shares expecting it to continue move over the highs and you know just", "itlZoy7FlnY-00008-00004296-00004824": "go over so I'm up three grand as you can see here five grand six grand seven grand getting ready", "itlZoy7FlnY-00009-00004824-00005408": "to the point where I will take my partial eight grant and now small pullback took my partial", "itlZoy7FlnY-00010-00005480-00006120": "here left just 400 shares now it's a gap in goal trade you've seen me trading gaps and gos lots", "itlZoy7FlnY-00011-00006120-00006720": "of times but the thing is this is a gap and go in GME and why is that more important because", "itlZoy7FlnY-00012-00006720-00007200": "it's not just a gap and go a lot of people are watching it the volume is great almost 2 million", "itlZoy7FlnY-00013-00007200-00007823": "shares right now and that's why when you trade a stock like GME it's likely to succeed most", "itlZoy7FlnY-00014-00007823-00008416": "people will trade it it will succeed better and the same applies for stock like Tesla so take", "itlZoy7FlnY-00015-00008416-00008808": "a look at Tesla when you have Tesla trending up the way it does look at this beautiful technical", "itlZoy7FlnY-00016-00008808-00009224": "formation it is trending higher you can see that the buyers are getting more and more aggressive", "itlZoy7FlnY-00017-00009224-00009776": "initially they let it come all the way down to here to 9.90. now they let it come only to 9.95", "itlZoy7FlnY-00018-00009776-00010408": "now we have a very nice cup and handle technical formation for a long trade and again it's Tesla", "itlZoy7FlnY-00019-00010408-00010784": "lots of people a lot of people are watching this it's we are not the only one that watches", "itlZoy7FlnY-00020-00010784-00011424": "this stock it's not just like a cup and handle in another stock so if it's going to move over one zero zero", "itlZoy7FlnY-00021-00011424-00011928": "five I'm going to buy it it's getting there right now clicking and I'm long 600 shares normally you", "itlZoy7FlnY-00022-00011928-00012496": "see me buying much bigger size now why is that I'm having a great day and I'm not going to let", "itlZoy7FlnY-00023-00012496-00013040": "the tray a trade like Tesla take me down or you see that the initial move was down here I'm down", "itlZoy7FlnY-00024-00013040-00013624": "like three grand and now it's getting back again this is noise you need to survive noise and it is", "itlZoy7FlnY-00025-00013624-00014144": "moving in the direction where I anticipate it it's now moving back again I'm back green it's", "itlZoy7FlnY-00026-00014144-00014688": "getting to the highs it's taking over the highs and why does this happen it happens because it's", "itlZoy7FlnY-00027-00014688-00015144": "Tesla and because a lot of people are watching it so it's not just the technical formation here", "itlZoy7FlnY-00028-00015144-00015624": "of a nice cup and then there's now I'm up four thousand dollars I'm looking for the first point", "itlZoy7FlnY-00029-00015624-00016160": "of relief which is coming right now taking my passion leaving 100 shares now again remember", "itlZoy7FlnY-00030-00016160-00016632": "when you have a beautiful technical formation and it is beautiful cup and handle formation here", "itlZoy7FlnY-00031-00016632-00017144": "it's not just the case of the technical formation it's how many people are watching this technical", "itlZoy7FlnY-00032-00017144-00017856": "formation so if it's GME or it's Tesla you would expect more and more people to watch this", "itlZoy7FlnY-00033-00017856-00018472": "technical formation and help you once it gets to that point so you expect a big move don't expect a", "itlZoy7FlnY-00034-00018472-00019184": "long you know one hour process it's a small few minutes or maybe few seconds straight and that's", "itlZoy7FlnY-00035-00019184-00019808": "it so I just made uh two great trades in Tesla and GME and these were not my only trades today", "itlZoy7FlnY-00036-00019808-00020304": "you can see the results over here tesla was great GME was great but my best rate today", "itlZoy7FlnY-00037-00020304-00020760": "was actually short in Adobe you can see I'm up more than 14 grand and uh take a", "itlZoy7FlnY-00038-00020760-00021328": "look at NVidia and the small winner in NVAX five after five winners I really enjoyed my day today", "itlZoy7FlnY-00039-00021392-00022016": "if you did like this video just thirty thousand dollars over I mean less than one hour please", "itlZoy7FlnY-00040-00022016-00022624": "please give me a like more likes helps my channel more people in the channel helps people learn more", "itlZoy7FlnY-00041-00022624-00023232": "about day trading so I hope you liked it and I hope you can support my channel with a like", "itlZoy7FlnY-00042-00023232-00023624": "and anyway you can subscribe to this channel if you're not already subscribed so this button", "itlZoy7FlnY-00043-00023624-00024144": "right here you can hit on the notification bell if you want to be notified of my future uploads", "itlZoy7FlnY-00044-00024144-00024880": "and please remember it may seem easy it is not it is extremely hard trading is extremely hard", "itlZoy7FlnY-00045-00024880-00025408": "please start with a demo there are links right here below to a demo account of ColmexPro the same", "itlZoy7FlnY-00046-00025408-00025895": "platform I'm training which I think is the world's best platform judge for yourself but", "itlZoy7FlnY-00047-00025895-00026495": "start with the demo don't risk your hard earned money most people lose when they start out", "itlZoy7FlnY-00048-00026495-00027080": "most people are losing a much more than they can afford to lose which is a reason why you should", "itlZoy7FlnY-00049-00027080-00027792": "start with a demo account and please remember my results are very very not typical I'm trading for", "itlZoy7FlnY-00050-00027792-00028544": "more than 22 years and it may seem again easy it is not so please be careful it is very risky to", "itlZoy7FlnY-00051-00028544-00029583": "become a trader and successful trader thank you again and I'll see you in my next video."}}, {"audio_id": "itGn19JcpbM", "text": {"itGn19JcpbM-00000-00000131-00000416": "Howard Jacob: So, let’s move into the discussion phase.", "itGn19JcpbM-00001-00000416-00000767": "So, I’m going to -- I’m going to start off with taking off on something that Calum", "itGn19JcpbM-00002-00000767-00000867": "had mentioned.", "itGn19JcpbM-00003-00000867-00001111": "And there’s a bit of a discussion around this this morning.", "itGn19JcpbM-00004-00001111-00001429": "And it’s just something I hadn’t stopped to think about carefully, until your slide", "itGn19JcpbM-00005-00001429-00001909": "about the fact that we’ve got only 104 clinical phenotypes.", "itGn19JcpbM-00006-00001909-00002126": "In your final slide, you said, “Okay.", "itGn19JcpbM-00007-00002126-00002419": "We need to come up with a minimal dataset.", "itGn19JcpbM-00008-00002419-00003011": "So, I’d like to have a little bit of a stark conversation around that, because a little", "itGn19JcpbM-00009-00003011-00003615": "bit of -- not sure how we solve that problem since disease is defined around these phenotypes,", "itGn19JcpbM-00010-00003615-00003810": "for better or for worse, that’s what we have.", "itGn19JcpbM-00011-00003810-00004114": "So, maybe you can talk a little bit more about how you see that going.", "itGn19JcpbM-00012-00004114-00004435": "Calum MacRae: Well, I think some of it is using the information", "itGn19JcpbM-00013-00004435-00004637": "we already have better.", "itGn19JcpbM-00014-00004637-00005128": "And it’s worth pointing out that, obviously, we’re sort of constrained by having to map", "itGn19JcpbM-00015-00005128-00005464": "everything back to existing datasets.", "itGn19JcpbM-00016-00005464-00005987": "But I think that, itself, is a -- is a constraint that we’ve allowed to occur.", "itGn19JcpbM-00017-00005987-00006237": "I think, you know, just to give you some simple examples.", "itGn19JcpbM-00018-00006237-00006702": "So, for example, one of things I started doing was asking our MRI guys to actually, when", "itGn19JcpbM-00019-00006702-00007245": "-- on my -- the scans on my patient, because I can’t make it uniform yet -- to include", "itGn19JcpbM-00020-00007245-00007697": "the jaw and the pharynx in the MRI.", "itGn19JcpbM-00021-00007697-00007970": "So, it’s about, you know, six extra slices.", "itGn19JcpbM-00022-00007970-00008272": "So that, we can actually begin to use this as an integral of the phenotypes that might", "itGn19JcpbM-00023-00008272-00008754": "be part of outflow tract abnormalities that are subclinical, which are seen in every one", "itGn19JcpbM-00024-00008754-00009052": "of the animal models for all the diseases that affect the right ventricle.", "itGn19JcpbM-00025-00009052-00009624": "You know, there are rarely penetrant phenotypes, for example, even in the KCNQ1 loss of function", "itGn19JcpbM-00026-00009624-00009836": "mice in the pharynx and in the jaw.", "itGn19JcpbM-00027-00009836-00010000": "So -- as well as in the stomach.", "itGn19JcpbM-00028-00010000-00010525": "So, things that we can begin to do just by changing the way that we think about standardizing", "itGn19JcpbM-00029-00010525-00010879": "the traits that we routinely measure.", "itGn19JcpbM-00030-00010879-00011390": "Beginning to analyze existing datasets using non-subjective strategies.", "itGn19JcpbM-00031-00011390-00011886": "So, electrocardiography, as I mentioned, everything -- we have all of the fundamental signal noise", "itGn19JcpbM-00032-00011886-00012172": "characteristics are incorporated in every single EKG.", "itGn19JcpbM-00033-00012172-00012661": "Yet we’re still completely dependent on subjective terminology that was introduced", "itGn19JcpbM-00034-00012661-00012882": "in 1947 by a committee.", "itGn19JcpbM-00035-00012882-00013227": "And so, you know, actually saying, “Well, why don’t we use machine learning to try", "itGn19JcpbM-00036-00013227-00013606": "and understand what we could actually pull out of the electrocardiogram,” would be", "itGn19JcpbM-00037-00013606-00013810": "a sort of tiny first step in that trait.", "itGn19JcpbM-00038-00013810-00014166": "But I think, to get back to this morning’s discussion -- I think thinking about it from", "itGn19JcpbM-00039-00014166-00014586": "the standpoint of, “What are the extant data that we have for all the pathways that", "itGn19JcpbM-00040-00014586-00014855": "we know and love from model organism data?”", "itGn19JcpbM-00041-00014855-00015432": "How can we then begin to characterize cellular phenotypes, or physiologic phenotypes -- you", "itGn19JcpbM-00042-00015432-00015778": "know, whatever resolution we can get, from those datasets.", "itGn19JcpbM-00043-00015778-00015878": "And then say, “Okay.", "itGn19JcpbM-00044-00015878-00016453": "Can we actually map, let’s say, the entire cilium onto a set of peripheral phenotypes", "itGn19JcpbM-00045-00016453-00016620": "that were recorder in everybody?”", "itGn19JcpbM-00046-00016620-00016720": "You know?", "itGn19JcpbM-00047-00016720-00016859": "That’s a real possibility.", "itGn19JcpbM-00048-00016859-00017195": "There’s almost certainly, with all those -- I mean, if you’re going to look at the", "itGn19JcpbM-00049-00017195-00017642": "gene list, and you can see that it would be very tough to imagine that somebody who had", "itGn19JcpbM-00050-00017642-00018406": "a really powerful perturbation of that entire network has completely normal peripheral lymphocyte", "itGn19JcpbM-00051-00018406-00018607": "function as a -- as a starting point.", "itGn19JcpbM-00052-00018607-00018763": "Now, they might have a baseline.", "itGn19JcpbM-00053-00018763-00019170": "But, if we found the perturbation, maybe we would then be able to say, “This is somebody", "itGn19JcpbM-00054-00019170-00019729": "who’s entire cilium network is perturbed in a fundamental way.”", "itGn19JcpbM-00055-00019729-00020284": "Gets back to some of the things we were talking about with Cricket’s congenital heart disease", "itGn19JcpbM-00056-00020284-00020384": "sequencing effort.", "itGn19JcpbM-00057-00020384-00020640": "So, I don’t argue that it’s a straightforward thing to do.", "itGn19JcpbM-00058-00020640-00021181": "But I think it requires an active effort, as well as also an unbiased strategy, which", "itGn19JcpbM-00059-00021181-00021460": "I think will emerge, as was mentioned earlier, from patients.", "itGn19JcpbM-00060-00021460-00022118": "I think there’s a huge movement in our patients, and beyond, to begin to collect data in a", "itGn19JcpbM-00061-00022118-00022454": "rigorous and quantifiable way that would actually impact this.", "itGn19JcpbM-00062-00022454-00023001": "So, I think, as I said earlier, the scale of what we need to do here is so substantial", "itGn19JcpbM-00063-00023001-00023362": "that I think we need to think about all of those approaches and use them in a coordinated", "itGn19JcpbM-00064-00023362-00023462": "fashion.", "itGn19JcpbM-00065-00023462-00023935": "Howard Jacob: We’ll do Marc, Rex, Dan, Liz, Bob.", "itGn19JcpbM-00066-00023935-00024374": "Marc Williams: I know that Calum was being a bit hyperbolic", "itGn19JcpbM-00067-00024374-00024781": "in his presentation about saying, “Well, there’s not a single datum in the electronic", "itGn19JcpbM-00068-00024781-00025387": "health record that I would use,” because what you were talking about there is not only", "itGn19JcpbM-00069-00025387-00025868": "the standardization of the element, but the standardization of how we measure the element.", "itGn19JcpbM-00070-00025868-00026474": "And I think that, while it’s true, and certainly if we look at blood pressure where there’s", "itGn19JcpbM-00071-00026474-00026818": "sort of an accepted way that you’re supposed to take the blood pressure that’s at least", "itGn19JcpbM-00072-00026818-00027198": "in some sense reproducible, the number of times that that actually happens in clinical", "itGn19JcpbM-00073-00027198-00027464": "practice is minimal.", "itGn19JcpbM-00074-00027464-00028245": "However, if you have 70 blood pressure measurements across a variety of different ways of measurement,", "itGn19JcpbM-00075-00028245-00028805": "that consistently show, you know, somebody with a blood pressure of 150 over 90, you", "itGn19JcpbM-00076-00028805-00029227": "can probably be relatively confident of at least getting some sort of a gross type of", "itGn19JcpbM-00077-00029227-00029327": "phenotype.", "itGn19JcpbM-00078-00029327-00029795": "So, I think part of the thing is to say, “Out of those things that are represented on electronic", "itGn19JcpbM-00079-00029795-00030082": "health record, is it number of measurements?", "itGn19JcpbM-00080-00030082-00030732": "Is it measurements over time that would allow us a certain level of confidence to mine those", "itGn19JcpbM-00081-00030732-00030966": "elements to be able to do the type of work that we’re doing?”", "itGn19JcpbM-00082-00030966-00031066": "Calum MacRae: Agreed.", "itGn19JcpbM-00083-00031066-00031350": "I think you need to standardize measurement and stimulus.", "itGn19JcpbM-00084-00031350-00031906": "And, as you point out, a lot of this is just thinking carefully about what the dynamics", "itGn19JcpbM-00085-00031906-00032281": "are, that you’re going to time series instead of single cross-sectional data points -- those", "itGn19JcpbM-00086-00032281-00032405": "types of things.", "itGn19JcpbM-00087-00032405-00032960": "Or, as Les mentioned earlier, thinking about proximate phenotypes that are actually fundamentally", "itGn19JcpbM-00088-00032960-00033276": "definable in a way that’s linear over five log orders.", "itGn19JcpbM-00089-00033276-00033745": "Oh, and, by the way, you know what a panel of 100 drugs does to each one of them.", "itGn19JcpbM-00090-00033745-00034094": "So that, if you did that, you could imagine you could probably record half of what you", "itGn19JcpbM-00091-00034094-00034270": "need from a single skin sensor.", "itGn19JcpbM-00092-00034270-00034887": "You know, that’s the type of thing that I think is emerging in clinical phenotyping,", "itGn19JcpbM-00093-00034887-00035387": "but has not been connected very directly with genomics, and, ultimately, I think needs to", "itGn19JcpbM-00094-00035387-00035487": "be.", "itGn19JcpbM-00095-00035487-00035874": "Rex Chisolm: So, when you said there were 104 clinical", "itGn19JcpbM-00096-00035874-00036293": "phenotypes, is that because you’re just looking at the number of ICG9 or 10 codes,", "itGn19JcpbM-00097-00036293-00036433": "or -- how did you come up with that number?", "itGn19JcpbM-00098-00036433-00036815": "Calum MacRae: So, we looked at every single billable component", "itGn19JcpbM-00099-00036815-00037505": "of a trait that is -- every single billable test, and then looked at every reported component", "itGn19JcpbM-00100-00037505-00037768": "of that test in clinical practice.", "itGn19JcpbM-00101-00037768-00037868": "So --", "itGn19JcpbM-00102-00037868-00038055": "Rex Chisholm: But certainly, as -- certainly, the eMERGE", "itGn19JcpbM-00103-00038055-00038598": "network for example, has learned, as you gather a large amount by data mining of the problem", "itGn19JcpbM-00104-00038598-00039110": "lists and the patient -- and then the physician notes, and all of those sorts of things.", "itGn19JcpbM-00105-00039110-00039381": "And I actually wanted to contrast that 104 number.", "itGn19JcpbM-00106-00039381-00039590": "So, HPO -- how many terms are there in HPO?", "itGn19JcpbM-00107-00039590-00039690": "Male Speaker: 1.1 times 104.", "itGn19JcpbM-00108-00039690-00039790": "[laughter]", "itGn19JcpbM-00109-00039790-00039890": "Male Speaker: Nice try, Rex.", "itGn19JcpbM-00110-00039890-00039990": "Rex Chisholm: I rest my case.", "itGn19JcpbM-00111-00039990-00040546": "Male Speaker: But are they the -- but are they the same", "itGn19JcpbM-00112-00040546-00040732": "ones?", "itGn19JcpbM-00113-00040732-00040917": "[laughter]", "itGn19JcpbM-00114-00040917-00041711": "Dan Roden: So, Calum has touched on what I think is a", "itGn19JcpbM-00115-00041711-00042130": "really interesting and important part of this challenge that we’re -- that faces us today", "itGn19JcpbM-00116-00042130-00042230": "and tomorrow.", "itGn19JcpbM-00117-00042230-00042672": "And that’s, sort of, to -- you know, we’re obsessed by the genome, and the transcriptome,", "itGn19JcpbM-00118-00042672-00042788": "and the ciliome.", "itGn19JcpbM-00119-00042788-00043132": "And we haven’t talked much about the phenome yet.", "itGn19JcpbM-00120-00043132-00043680": "And I’m a big believer in the idea that if we curate the phenome and organize it right,", "itGn19JcpbM-00121-00043680-00044209": "that it’ll be as powerful, if not more powerful an input to these sort of multi-omic analyses", "itGn19JcpbM-00122-00044209-00044600": "that we all think will yield useful information.", "itGn19JcpbM-00123-00044600-00045263": "So, the problem is that, I, like Rex, think that the electronic medical record is a place", "itGn19JcpbM-00124-00045263-00045369": "to do this.", "itGn19JcpbM-00125-00045369-00046008": "And the more granular the phenotype, the less likely it is that it’s going to be captured", "itGn19JcpbM-00126-00046008-00046495": "by your average clinician using the EMR in the course of clinical practice.", "itGn19JcpbM-00127-00046495-00046988": "So, you sort of have this paradox that you want them to record more information along", "itGn19JcpbM-00128-00046988-00047268": "the way, or you want some mechanism to record more information.", "itGn19JcpbM-00129-00047268-00047859": "And, at the same time they’re under pressures by their -- by their chief of their clinical", "itGn19JcpbM-00130-00047859-00048344": "division, for example, to, you know, see more patients, and not waste their time doing all", "itGn19JcpbM-00131-00048344-00048676": "the things that their chief of their clinical division wants them to do.", "itGn19JcpbM-00132-00048676-00049322": "So, the phenome is hard -- I can’t resist following up, also, on Marc William’s example", "itGn19JcpbM-00133-00049322-00049848": "that, if you want to diagnose hypertension, my friends in bioinformatics -- oh, and by", "itGn19JcpbM-00134-00049848-00049948": "the way.", "itGn19JcpbM-00135-00049948-00050383": "My son’s wrong, because I’m now a professor of bioinformatics as well as all the other", "itGn19JcpbM-00136-00050383-00050483": "titles I have.", "itGn19JcpbM-00137-00050483-00050713": "So, now I’m an expert, Marc.", "itGn19JcpbM-00138-00050713-00050813": "[laughter]", "itGn19JcpbM-00139-00050813-00051234": "If you want to diagnose hypertension, the worst metric to use is blood pressure, because", "itGn19JcpbM-00140-00051234-00051547": "the well-controlled hypertensive has normal blood pressures.", "itGn19JcpbM-00141-00051547-00052054": "And the -- and the 25 year old with the broken leg who doesn’t have hypertension has a", "itGn19JcpbM-00142-00052054-00052154": "high blood pressure.", "itGn19JcpbM-00143-00052154-00052599": "So, I think that there’s this problem that the electronic -- we think the electronic", "itGn19JcpbM-00144-00052599-00052919": "medical record is a giant resource waiting to be mined.", "itGn19JcpbM-00145-00052919-00053392": "And we think we need more ways, and more creative ways of mining it.", "itGn19JcpbM-00146-00053392-00053891": "I really like the idea of -- this idea of unsupervised machine learning to find new", "itGn19JcpbM-00147-00053891-00053991": "phenotypes.", "itGn19JcpbM-00148-00053991-00054390": "Let the -- let the data talk to us instead of us telling the data what we want it to", "itGn19JcpbM-00149-00054390-00054490": "say.", "itGn19JcpbM-00150-00054490-00054928": "And, hopefully, we’ll get, for example, clusters of hypertensives, or clusters of", "itGn19JcpbM-00151-00054928-00055445": "type-2 diabetics, or clusters of whatever, that will then enable the kind of things that", "itGn19JcpbM-00152-00055445-00055808": "you want to do in model organisms.", "itGn19JcpbM-00153-00055808-00056104": "Howard Jacob: Same theme?", "itGn19JcpbM-00154-00056104-00056204": "Marc Williams: Yeah.", "itGn19JcpbM-00155-00056204-00056304": "Howard Jacob: Yeah.", "itGn19JcpbM-00156-00056304-00056613": "Marc Williams: So, I -- one thing I really liked that I heard", "itGn19JcpbM-00157-00056613-00057177": "from Calum was the idea that we have certain aspects of the data that we collect that have", "itGn19JcpbM-00158-00057177-00057564": "a richness to them that is not captured in the reports.", "itGn19JcpbM-00159-00057564-00057910": "The EKG data is one, and certainly imaging data.", "itGn19JcpbM-00160-00057910-00058410": "And there’s plenty of information -- or plenty of studies that have gone back and", "itGn19JcpbM-00161-00058410-00058591": "relooked at these sorts of things.", "itGn19JcpbM-00162-00058591-00059017": "But, again, I’ve not -- I’m not aware of projects that have looked at this sort", "itGn19JcpbM-00163-00059017-00059367": "of in an unsupervised machine learning way to try and do discovery.", "itGn19JcpbM-00164-00059367-00059720": "That would be something that would be really interesting to do, particularly if we tied", "itGn19JcpbM-00165-00059720-00060420": "it to, you know, some particular measure of interest, whether it be in the cardiac realm,", "itGn19JcpbM-00166-00060420-00060566": "or neuroimaging or whatever.", "itGn19JcpbM-00167-00060566-00060829": "Calum MacRae: So, I think, I mean, there are projects, many", "itGn19JcpbM-00168-00060829-00061092": "of them funded by NIH, to try and do things like this.", "itGn19JcpbM-00169-00061092-00061713": "I think they are not at scale necessarily, and they’ve not been implemented in parallel", "itGn19JcpbM-00170-00061713-00061842": "with genomic efforts.", "itGn19JcpbM-00171-00061842-00062189": "But, obviously, that’s the direction -- you know, that’s the reason for meetings like", "itGn19JcpbM-00172-00062189-00062737": "this, is, “How do these things come together in a way that actually is integrated around", "itGn19JcpbM-00173-00062737-00062927": "the shared end goal?”", "itGn19JcpbM-00174-00062927-00063364": "Howard Jacob: Bob, are you on the same topic, or different?", "itGn19JcpbM-00175-00063364-00063464": "Okay.", "itGn19JcpbM-00176-00063464-00063564": "So, Peter, did you want to jump in on --", "itGn19JcpbM-00177-00063564-00063664": "Peter Robinson: Yeah.", "itGn19JcpbM-00178-00063664-00063786": "I mean, I think another thing to say is, yes.", "itGn19JcpbM-00179-00063786-00064039": "There are no -- maybe phenotypes.", "itGn19JcpbM-00180-00064039-00064497": "I think the HPO will probably land at about 20 or 30,000.", "itGn19JcpbM-00181-00064497-00064939": "But what’s -- hasn’t been discussed yet are sort of clusters of phenotypes.", "itGn19JcpbM-00182-00064939-00065402": "And just as an example of how powerful this is, three groups have used human phenotype", "itGn19JcpbM-00183-00065402-00065950": "ontology and large cohorts of 10 to 40,000 patients, I think.", "itGn19JcpbM-00184-00065950-00066399": "And they first tried to find binary new genes.", "itGn19JcpbM-00185-00066399-00066646": "So, they compared ICD9 codes -- failed.", "itGn19JcpbM-00186-00066646-00066861": "They compared individual HPO terms -- failed.", "itGn19JcpbM-00187-00066861-00067435": "And then they used machine learnings to co-find clusters of phenotypes that correlated with", "itGn19JcpbM-00188-00067435-00067535": "genotypes.", "itGn19JcpbM-00189-00067535-00068039": "And each of these groups discovered between, I think four and six genes now.", "itGn19JcpbM-00190-00068039-00068630": "And I think if we start to apply this to electronic health records, well you can also imagine", "itGn19JcpbM-00191-00068630-00069116": "temporal developments of phenotypes that, you know, in the combination would really", "itGn19JcpbM-00192-00069116-00069637": "also give us, you know, 10 to hundreds of possible phenotype clusters.", "itGn19JcpbM-00193-00069637-00070039": "So, I mean, I think -- I think the phenotype landscape, even with the things that we’re", "itGn19JcpbM-00194-00070039-00070292": "measuring now, could be a lot richer than it is.", "itGn19JcpbM-00195-00070292-00070905": "And it’s going to require software engineering to actually get this data out of electronic", "itGn19JcpbM-00196-00070905-00071360": "medical records and put it into a data structure that bioinformaticians can compute over.", "itGn19JcpbM-00197-00071360-00071598": "That’s not really happening much now -- enough now.", "itGn19JcpbM-00198-00071598-00071907": "Howard Jacob: Liz, then Bob, then Cricket.", "itGn19JcpbM-00199-00071907-00072165": "Liz Worthey: I want just to follow up on that point.", "itGn19JcpbM-00200-00072165-00072781": "One of the things that is going to be important is to have the phenotype data reside within", "itGn19JcpbM-00201-00072781-00072892": "the EHR.", "itGn19JcpbM-00202-00072892-00073333": "Because the minute you move that data out of the EHR, start gathering somewhere else,", "itGn19JcpbM-00203-00073333-00073799": "you lose that connection to the patient, you lose the ability to update it the next time", "itGn19JcpbM-00204-00073799-00073902": "you want to mine it.", "itGn19JcpbM-00205-00073902-00074645": "So, we need to work out, of course, how to get that data collected better in the EHR,", "itGn19JcpbM-00206-00074645-00074745": "along with the genomic data.", "itGn19JcpbM-00207-00074745-00074961": "And that’s what we have to mine.", "itGn19JcpbM-00208-00074961-00075291": "We don’t want to put it all somewhere else, because then you lose the ability to update", "itGn19JcpbM-00209-00075291-00075391": "it.", "itGn19JcpbM-00210-00075391-00075499": "Howard Jacob: Bob.", "itGn19JcpbM-00211-00075499-00076112": "Robert Wildin: So, with respect to the long QT, for example", "itGn19JcpbM-00212-00076112-00076820": "-- just as an example, I think of the EKG abnormalities as a biomarker of the disorder.", "itGn19JcpbM-00213-00076820-00077286": "And, even when you have that biomarker, you’re not absolutely going to have a catastrophic", "itGn19JcpbM-00214-00077286-00077386": "event.", "itGn19JcpbM-00215-00077386-00077886": "So, how do we -- so, I guess my question is, does the deep phenotyping of the -- of the", "itGn19JcpbM-00216-00077886-00078427": "model organisms permit you to explore the possibility that there are other biomarkers", "itGn19JcpbM-00217-00078427-00079114": "or other phenotypes which you can score in vivo, in human, that might replace the classical", "itGn19JcpbM-00218-00079114-00079387": "biomarker and have a greater predicted value?", "itGn19JcpbM-00219-00079387-00079645": "Howard Jacob: Cricket.", "itGn19JcpbM-00220-00079645-00080213": "Female Speaker: So, I really like the electronic medical record.", "itGn19JcpbM-00221-00080213-00080642": "But I’m very worried about two aspects of it.", "itGn19JcpbM-00222-00080642-00081459": "The first is that, increasingly, we are using some platforms that allow, if I may be so", "itGn19JcpbM-00223-00081459-00082475": "blunt, dummying down of the detail, and smart phrases that allow as a busy clinician to", "itGn19JcpbM-00224-00082475-00083314": "insert phenotypic information without the level of traditional thoughtful consideration", "itGn19JcpbM-00225-00083314-00083493": "and nuance.", "itGn19JcpbM-00226-00083493-00084066": "And I think, if we’re going to really have these phenotypes matter, it would be wonderful", "itGn19JcpbM-00227-00084066-00085030": "to have some input in terms of these prefabbed and expensive electronic medical record platforms.", "itGn19JcpbM-00228-00085030-00085514": "Alternatively, and I think one of our speakers this morning said this, or perhaps last night", "itGn19JcpbM-00229-00085514-00085614": "on the plane.", "itGn19JcpbM-00230-00085614-00086112": "No one is more interested in the person, the patient, than the patient him or herself.", "itGn19JcpbM-00231-00086112-00086856": "And the other way to do this would be to buttress that with an opportunity for patients to provide", "itGn19JcpbM-00232-00086856-00087471": "that data in a relatively well defined platform that really could allow them -- could allow", "itGn19JcpbM-00233-00087471-00087749": "more search-ability than natural language processing.", "itGn19JcpbM-00234-00087749-00088122": "Howard Jacob: So, I want to touch back on something that", "itGn19JcpbM-00235-00088122-00088408": "Bob said, and tie it into Cecilia’s discussion.", "itGn19JcpbM-00236-00088408-00089052": "So, one of the interesting parts about -- so, if you’re saturation mutagenesis for the", "itGn19JcpbM-00237-00089052-00089626": "congenital heart disease is right, that there’s 272 potential genes that are going to play", "itGn19JcpbM-00238-00089626-00090201": "a role, that does kind of change the -- that does kind of change some boundaries around", "itGn19JcpbM-00239-00090201-00090301": "on that.", "itGn19JcpbM-00240-00090301-00090834": "So, I’m just curious as to -- Cricket, would you buy into the mouse as being a potential", "itGn19JcpbM-00241-00090834-00091258": "saturation mutagenesis that we’re going to go screening for and looking to see if", "itGn19JcpbM-00242-00091258-00091473": "we can put some boundaries around this?", "itGn19JcpbM-00243-00091473-00091847": "Because I think, to your point, Bob, if we’re going to have alternatives, we have to put", "itGn19JcpbM-00244-00091847-00092272": "some definition around what does that mean, in addition to these other biomarkers.", "itGn19JcpbM-00245-00092272-00092514": "And that’s a potential way to do that.", "itGn19JcpbM-00246-00092514-00092879": "Female Speaker: So, I would only comment that Cecilia’s", "itGn19JcpbM-00247-00092879-00093057": "work is recessive.", "itGn19JcpbM-00248-00093057-00093733": "And, when we do the same kind of analysis of dominant, let alone polygenic, we get 400", "itGn19JcpbM-00249-00093733-00093833": "dominants.", "itGn19JcpbM-00250-00093833-00094181": "So, we’ve already upped the ante to 600.", "itGn19JcpbM-00251-00094181-00094757": "And I think that, you know, mice are wonderful for being able to get homozygous variants.", "itGn19JcpbM-00252-00094757-00094857": "We all know that.", "itGn19JcpbM-00253-00094857-00095185": "And the phenotypes are expected to be more profound.", "itGn19JcpbM-00254-00095185-00095755": "But, unfortunately, it’s probably the lower estimate rather than the upper estimate.", "itGn19JcpbM-00255-00095755-00096219": "I don’t know how much, Ian, you can really hit every gene.", "itGn19JcpbM-00256-00096219-00096814": "I don’t know that you even considered if there are some genes that are ENU resistant.", "itGn19JcpbM-00257-00096814-00097269": "But, in the course of human experience, I suspect anything could be hit.", "itGn19JcpbM-00258-00097269-00098069": "So, it’s a minimum of 600, maybe 250, 300 recesses, and at least 400 dominant.", "itGn19JcpbM-00259-00098069-00098264": "Howard Jacob: Liz.", "itGn19JcpbM-00260-00098264-00098585": "Liz Worthey: Just a quick question there.", "itGn19JcpbM-00261-00098585-00099247": "Do you think the maximum is also close to 600, and the multi-genic will be milder hits", "itGn19JcpbM-00262-00099247-00099365": "in those same genes?", "itGn19JcpbM-00263-00099365-00099600": "Female Speaker: No one’s looked at it.", "itGn19JcpbM-00264-00099600-00099939": "Liz Worthey: What do you -- what’s your guess?", "itGn19JcpbM-00265-00099939-00100269": "Female Speaker: You know, in multi -- I mean, so, I actually", "itGn19JcpbM-00266-00100269-00100737": "believe there are polygenic contributors to congenital heart disease.", "itGn19JcpbM-00267-00100737-00101132": "And we know this from when you look at the offspring of people in whom we think there", "itGn19JcpbM-00268-00101132-00101261": "is a mutation.", "itGn19JcpbM-00269-00101261-00101820": "And it’s either incomplete -- dare I say the word penetrance, or exposures, or something.", "itGn19JcpbM-00270-00101820-00102381": "Or there are more modifying genes than we even have begun to think about.", "itGn19JcpbM-00271-00102381-00103048": "And how penetrant those modifiers are -- at which point do they become a component of", "itGn19JcpbM-00272-00103048-00103167": "a polygenic model?", "itGn19JcpbM-00273-00103167-00103348": "I don’t have any answer.", "itGn19JcpbM-00274-00103348-00103448": "I’m sorry.", "itGn19JcpbM-00275-00103448-00103569": "Female Speaker: Yeah.", "itGn19JcpbM-00276-00103569-00104015": "I -- just going to say that it’s possible that, among some of the 400 -- maybe some", "itGn19JcpbM-00277-00104015-00104167": "of our genes, as well, represented.", "itGn19JcpbM-00278-00104167-00104267": "I don’t know.", "itGn19JcpbM-00279-00104267-00104440": "I’ve never looked, actually, to be honest.", "itGn19JcpbM-00280-00104440-00104806": "I think that would be worth looking to see whether there’s any overlap.", "itGn19JcpbM-00281-00104806-00105150": "But suffice it to say, it’s a larger number.", "itGn19JcpbM-00282-00105150-00105385": "But I think it’s not an impossible number of genes, right?", "itGn19JcpbM-00283-00105385-00105922": "I mean, I think it’s -- if we put resources, it’s definitely something that’s doable.", "itGn19JcpbM-00284-00105922-00106164": "I mean, so, I just want to put that out there.", "itGn19JcpbM-00285-00106164-00106558": "I don’t know if there’s a will to do that, but I think that that is potentially feasible.", "itGn19JcpbM-00286-00106558-00106955": "It’s not -- you know, we’re not talking about 10,000 genes, or even 1,000 genes.", "itGn19JcpbM-00287-00106955-00107639": "But, I we’re in the range of 500, I think it’s potentially, you know, a feasible project", "itGn19JcpbM-00288-00107639-00107771": "that one can pursue.", "itGn19JcpbM-00289-00107771-00108322": "So, I just want to put that out there as something maybe NIH may have to think about on a higher", "itGn19JcpbM-00290-00108322-00108422": "level.", "itGn19JcpbM-00291-00108422-00108572": "Howard Jacob: Scott.", "itGn19JcpbM-00292-00108572-00109186": "Scott Weiss: I’m glad that we finally have gotten around", "itGn19JcpbM-00293-00109186-00109692": "to this topic of systems genomics, and systems biology, because I think for complex traits", "itGn19JcpbM-00294-00109692-00109807": "it’s very relevant.", "itGn19JcpbM-00295-00109807-00110261": "And I think it does -- what I haven’t heard yet, and I think it’s worth discussing,", "itGn19JcpbM-00296-00110261-00111128": "because I think it changes your perspective somewhat, is, if it really is whatever -- 200,", "itGn19JcpbM-00297-00111128-00112295": "400, 600, whether it’s even 100 for asthma or 200 for hypertension, or whatever the disease", "itGn19JcpbM-00298-00112295-00112966": "is, we’re talking about a different way of presenting this data clinically to clinicians.", "itGn19JcpbM-00299-00112966-00113582": "And, if really the ultimate is systems biology, it’s not the question you raised in your", "itGn19JcpbM-00300-00113582-00113808": "talk, “Am I going to put this variant in the chart?”", "itGn19JcpbM-00301-00113808-00114250": "It’s, where does this variant sit relative to the other 200 variants, and what does the", "itGn19JcpbM-00302-00114250-00114804": "clinician really need to know to make an informed clinical decision about treatment with the", "itGn19JcpbM-00303-00114804-00114904": "patient?", "itGn19JcpbM-00304-00114904-00115572": "So, I think it’s -- when you talk about the translational aspect of this, I think", "itGn19JcpbM-00305-00115572-00116390": "it changes the game because genetics is deterministic, for sure in -- and Mendelian disorders, some", "itGn19JcpbM-00306-00116390-00117124": "percentage of complex traits, how determinate it is depends on the penetrants, the pleiotropy,", "itGn19JcpbM-00307-00117124-00117227": "etcetera, etcetera.", "itGn19JcpbM-00308-00117227-00117601": "But, that having been said, there’s going to be a bunch of people where it’s not going", "itGn19JcpbM-00309-00117601-00117758": "to be deterministic.", "itGn19JcpbM-00310-00117758-00118355": "And so, giving that information -- it still comes back to, what information are you going", "itGn19JcpbM-00311-00118355-00118647": "to give people, and how are you going to give it to them?", "itGn19JcpbM-00312-00118647-00119148": "And, I’m not sure if you believe in systems biology we have an answer to that yet.", "itGn19JcpbM-00313-00119148-00119648": "Calum MacRae: So, I was actually going to comment that,", "itGn19JcpbM-00314-00119648-00119941": "for congenital heart disease, it’s one of the few areas where the genetic architecture", "itGn19JcpbM-00315-00119941-00120053": "is quite well studied.", "itGn19JcpbM-00316-00120053-00120538": "So, there the familial recurrence risks are the order of 70 to 90 fold.", "itGn19JcpbM-00317-00120538-00121119": "And, in addition to that, there’s also some reasonable population studies looking at clustering", "itGn19JcpbM-00318-00121119-00121514": "around dioxin plants, for example, for hypoplastic left heart.", "itGn19JcpbM-00319-00121514-00121913": "So, both of those are actually consistent with a very unusual model, which is a very", "itGn19JcpbM-00320-00121913-00122160": "small number of genes in the individual patient.", "itGn19JcpbM-00321-00122160-00122870": "Once you get above 10 you’re asymptotically approaching one single gene disorder, but", "itGn19JcpbM-00322-00122870-00123289": "with perhaps [unintelligible] and environmental contributors.", "itGn19JcpbM-00323-00123289-00123999": "And so, I suppose the question is, you know, if we still aren’t able to resolve to, you", "itGn19JcpbM-00324-00123999-00124650": "know, reduce to simplicity a field like that, how are we ever going to do it for fields", "itGn19JcpbM-00325-00124650-00125148": "where we just have no idea what the fundamental architecture of the traits really is?", "itGn19JcpbM-00326-00125148-00125398": "Howard Jacob: Carol.", "itGn19JcpbM-00327-00125398-00125860": "Carol Bult: So, I’m hoping -- so, Cecilia, you started", "itGn19JcpbM-00328-00125860-00126390": "to raise something in your talk, and I want to build on that and ask you and Calum to", "itGn19JcpbM-00329-00126390-00126490": "both address.", "itGn19JcpbM-00330-00126490-00127133": "So, getting back to the basic theme about bridging between basic science and clinical", "itGn19JcpbM-00331-00127133-00127776": "science as it relates to phenotype, so describing phenotype in model systems, zebrafish, mouse,", "itGn19JcpbM-00332-00127776-00128352": "whatever, and translating those phenotypes into the human clinical phenotypes, whether", "itGn19JcpbM-00333-00128352-00128666": "they’re in electronic health records or not.", "itGn19JcpbM-00334-00128666-00129203": "I would like your perspective or your experience in sort of trying to do that -- how easy,", "itGn19JcpbM-00335-00129203-00129303": "how difficult.", "itGn19JcpbM-00336-00129303-00129973": "Is that -- is that one of the addressable barriers in connecting basic science and clinical", "itGn19JcpbM-00337-00129973-00130165": "science in genomic medicine?", "itGn19JcpbM-00338-00130165-00130315": "Is that an opportunity here?", "itGn19JcpbM-00339-00130315-00130686": "I’m just interested in your experience and your thoughts on that.", "itGn19JcpbM-00340-00130686-00131237": "Cecilia Lo: So, we try to do that by cross referencing", "itGn19JcpbM-00341-00131237-00131337": "terminologies.", "itGn19JcpbM-00342-00131337-00131802": "So, with the MPO, the mouse memes have ontology terms.", "itGn19JcpbM-00343-00131802-00132327": "We really use clinical terms to describe these mouse phenotype.", "itGn19JcpbM-00344-00132327-00132864": "At the same time, we use the filer codes -- that’s the Boston Children’s Hospital congenital", "itGn19JcpbM-00345-00132864-00133028": "heart disease code.", "itGn19JcpbM-00346-00133028-00133305": "So that we -- every animal we coded both ways.", "itGn19JcpbM-00347-00133305-00133775": "We used MPO terms as well as the filer codes to describe the phenotype.", "itGn19JcpbM-00348-00133775-00134377": "And our hope is that clinicians who may come searching for cross referencing, whether to", "itGn19JcpbM-00349-00134377-00134814": "see the same disease model, that they would be able to actually find what they’re looking", "itGn19JcpbM-00350-00134814-00134914": "for.", "itGn19JcpbM-00351-00134914-00135334": "I mean, I think that that -- I know, for congenital heart disease, that clearly can be done.", "itGn19JcpbM-00352-00135334-00135958": "And, you know, I would assume that across different phenotypes there would be some parallels.", "itGn19JcpbM-00353-00135958-00136260": "So -- but I don’t think that’s being done systematically.", "itGn19JcpbM-00354-00136260-00136505": "I think that’s one of the problems.", "itGn19JcpbM-00355-00136505-00137236": "And I wonder whether MGI, when you curate information from lines -- whether it’s possible", "itGn19JcpbM-00356-00137236-00137921": "to have clinicians that are part of that process that could then provide a curation of terminologies", "itGn19JcpbM-00357-00137921-00138229": "that are used clinically, then it becomes more clinically useful.", "itGn19JcpbM-00358-00138229-00138653": "I mean, so, I’m very mouse-centric, so obviously this is broader than that.", "itGn19JcpbM-00359-00138653-00138939": "But that’s my -- from my own experience.", "itGn19JcpbM-00360-00138939-00139160": "Carol Bult: So, the short answer is, yes.", "itGn19JcpbM-00361-00139160-00139712": "We have -- you know, we have clinical geneticists on our advisory board, Gail being a good example,", "itGn19JcpbM-00362-00139712-00139845": "that are helping us do that.", "itGn19JcpbM-00363-00139845-00140301": "But, again, it’s -- I think it’s larger than -- there’s a lot of work left to do,", "itGn19JcpbM-00364-00140301-00140401": "right?", "itGn19JcpbM-00365-00140401-00140829": "And probably some better ways to do it so it is more systematic and scalable.", "itGn19JcpbM-00366-00140829-00141145": "Cecilia Lo: And I should just mention, even amongst cardiologists,", "itGn19JcpbM-00367-00141145-00141484": "right, there’s disagreement about terminologies.", "itGn19JcpbM-00368-00141484-00142082": "So, there was this big effort -- international effort to come up with a standardized terminology", "itGn19JcpbM-00369-00142082-00142501": "between European consortia, and the U.S. and Canada.", "itGn19JcpbM-00370-00142501-00142698": "And, even now, that’s not been resolved.", "itGn19JcpbM-00371-00142698-00143134": "So, I think the problem is, you know, much more -- much deeper, because there’s not", "itGn19JcpbM-00372-00143134-00143353": "even uniform agreement on the clinical side.", "itGn19JcpbM-00373-00143353-00143634": "And I think that’s probably true in other fields as well.", "itGn19JcpbM-00374-00143634-00143949": "Calum MacRae: I think that’s the subjective component", "itGn19JcpbM-00375-00143949-00144049": "to the EHR.", "itGn19JcpbM-00376-00144049-00144430": "I mean, so much of what -- it’s not that the EHR is a bad place to put stuff.", "itGn19JcpbM-00377-00144430-00144694": "It’s just the function of what stuff you put there.", "itGn19JcpbM-00378-00144694-00145117": "It’s worth pointing out that, you know, the HRs, as Cricket said, are designed around", "itGn19JcpbM-00379-00145117-00145217": "billing.", "itGn19JcpbM-00380-00145217-00145471": "There’s one billing code for every single congenital heart disease.", "itGn19JcpbM-00381-00145471-00145571": "All of the above.", "itGn19JcpbM-00382-00145571-00146033": "There’s no subset you -- doesn’t matter whether you have a coarctation or a hypoplastic", "itGn19JcpbM-00383-00146033-00146133": "left heart.", "itGn19JcpbM-00384-00146133-00146455": "It’s the same billing code.", "itGn19JcpbM-00385-00146455-00146994": "But -- so, when we’ve tried to do this systematically in fish, we only did it in a couple of phenotypic", "itGn19JcpbM-00386-00146994-00147094": "areas.", "itGn19JcpbM-00387-00147094-00147194": "It’s actually interesting.", "itGn19JcpbM-00388-00147194-00147814": "You can very quickly map out what goes from a 48 hour old fish larva into an adult human,", "itGn19JcpbM-00389-00147814-00148145": "or into a pediatric human, or an adolescent human.", "itGn19JcpbM-00390-00148145-00148575": "And, in fact, that type of thing has -- again, is something that we would need to systematically", "itGn19JcpbM-00391-00148575-00148891": "do as a community across all of the model organisms.", "itGn19JcpbM-00392-00148891-00148996": "Some of the work has already been done.", "itGn19JcpbM-00393-00148996-00149161": "It’s a matter of organizing it.", "itGn19JcpbM-00394-00149161-00149488": "I think, you know, one of the nice things about functional genomics phenotypes is that", "itGn19JcpbM-00395-00149488-00149805": "they’re immediately translatable.", "itGn19JcpbM-00396-00149805-00150216": "But there are other phenotypes that we will have to actually build assays for in humans,", "itGn19JcpbM-00397-00150216-00150546": "or build assays for in model organisms.", "itGn19JcpbM-00398-00150546-00151075": "You know, it’s a -- you can imagine that there are some things that are so well conserved", "itGn19JcpbM-00399-00151075-00151302": "that it doesn’t matter which organism you look at.", "itGn19JcpbM-00400-00151302-00151888": "On the other hand, we’d be foolish to try and model male pattern baldness in the zebrafish.", "itGn19JcpbM-00401-00151888-00152213": "So, they’re just -- you know, there are some -- there are some obvious things, but", "itGn19JcpbM-00402-00152213-00152622": "there are some other things that are not quite so obvious that I don’t think we have -- we", "itGn19JcpbM-00403-00152622-00153135": "would ever get round without having a systematic mapping effort along the lines of the ontologies", "itGn19JcpbM-00404-00153135-00153529": "that Peter and Melissa and others are driving for.", "itGn19JcpbM-00405-00153529-00153629": "Howard Jacob: Peter, Drew.", "itGn19JcpbM-00406-00153629-00154067": "Peter Robinson: Yeah, I just wanted to -- oh, sorry -- mention", "itGn19JcpbM-00407-00154067-00154745": "we’ve heard a lot about prediction algorithms, machine learning.", "itGn19JcpbM-00408-00154745-00154955": "I don’t think that’s going to work that well in the clinic.", "itGn19JcpbM-00409-00154955-00155552": "I think that there’s a new area in translational bioinformatics that’s explanatory algorithms.", "itGn19JcpbM-00410-00155552-00155947": "So, why actually did the computer come to a certain prediction?", "itGn19JcpbM-00411-00155947-00156344": "That all comes down to the difference of whether we’re making expert systems, maybe like", "itGn19JcpbM-00412-00156344-00156839": "Watson, which I don’t think are going to work in our lifetime, or systems for experts.", "itGn19JcpbM-00413-00156839-00157238": "And that’s something which I don’t think has been considered enough yet.", "itGn19JcpbM-00414-00157238-00157563": "Dan Roden: May I?", "itGn19JcpbM-00415-00157563-00157888": "Howard Jacob: You may.", "itGn19JcpbM-00416-00157888-00158391": "Dan Roden: You know, we’ve been talking for a long", "itGn19JcpbM-00417-00158391-00159069": "time in this sort of community about how, you know, there must be sort of unrecognized", "itGn19JcpbM-00418-00159069-00159433": "structure with EMR, there must be unrecognized patterns.", "itGn19JcpbM-00419-00159433-00159679": "I certainly have been saying that for a long time.", "itGn19JcpbM-00420-00159679-00160017": "But, at the end of the day, there’s very few examples of that.", "itGn19JcpbM-00421-00160017-00160414": "So, let me speak to what -- to your point, or it may be that we’re just not going about", "itGn19JcpbM-00422-00160414-00160516": "it the right way.", "itGn19JcpbM-00423-00160516-00161073": "Or it may be that we need to stick more structured information into the electronic medical record.", "itGn19JcpbM-00424-00161073-00161486": "So, there’s this whole push that we’ll be seeing a more of a -- more of a push to", "itGn19JcpbM-00425-00161486-00161909": "include sociocultural determinants of health in a -- in a systematic way.", "itGn19JcpbM-00426-00161909-00162192": "You go to the doctor and you fill out a questionnaire.", "itGn19JcpbM-00427-00162192-00162563": "And you sort of tell them what your diet’s been for the last week, and, you know, how", "itGn19JcpbM-00428-00162563-00163049": "far from the grocery store do you live, those kinds of things that are, you know, as important", "itGn19JcpbM-00429-00163049-00163322": "for health as the things that we’ve been talking about for the -- today.", "itGn19JcpbM-00430-00163322-00163871": "So, it sounds like it should work, but it hasn’t yet come to fruition.", "itGn19JcpbM-00431-00163871-00164058": "And maybe the datasets aren’t big enough.", "itGn19JcpbM-00432-00164058-00164295": "Or maybe the computers aren’t programmed right.", "itGn19JcpbM-00433-00164295-00164672": "Or maybe it’s all just a hallucination.", "itGn19JcpbM-00434-00164672-00164772": "[laughter]", "itGn19JcpbM-00435-00164772-00164934": "I hope not the latter.", "itGn19JcpbM-00436-00164934-00165092": "Calum MacRae: But it’s also -- I mean, I don’t -- I", "itGn19JcpbM-00437-00165092-00165347": "think it’s also the way the data are entered into the HR.", "itGn19JcpbM-00438-00165347-00165688": "I mean, none of -- the -- as I said -- I mean I was not being hyperbolic.", "itGn19JcpbM-00439-00165688-00165871": "There is almost no single standardized.", "itGn19JcpbM-00440-00165871-00166059": "Male Speaker: It’s your fault though, because you’re", "itGn19JcpbM-00441-00166059-00166313": "the division director.", "itGn19JcpbM-00442-00166313-00166509": "[laughter]", "itGn19JcpbM-00443-00166509-00167276": "Howard Jacob: So, I wanted to come back to another one of", "itGn19JcpbM-00444-00167276-00167748": "your slides, Calum, which was around -- and it stays in line with the phenotyping that", "itGn19JcpbM-00445-00167748-00167852": "we’re talk about.", "itGn19JcpbM-00446-00167852-00168179": "And it comes down to longitudinal data.", "itGn19JcpbM-00447-00168179-00168813": "So, one of the things I’ve seen in some of these complex cases, that even if you think", "itGn19JcpbM-00448-00168813-00169466": "it’s a single gene, and you have all of this longitudinal data, sometimes the noise", "itGn19JcpbM-00449-00169466-00169909": "in that longitudinal data across all the different phenotypes makes it quite difficult to get", "itGn19JcpbM-00450-00169909-00170129": "at the -- at the phenotype itself.", "itGn19JcpbM-00451-00170129-00170335": "So, what is the actual causal phenotype?", "itGn19JcpbM-00452-00170335-00170798": "For some of these syndromes you see a lot of manifestations on that.", "itGn19JcpbM-00453-00170798-00171389": "So, I’m -- so, while I want more data, because I think that’s important, how do put some", "itGn19JcpbM-00454-00171389-00171846": "structure around this in a way that we can get to, what is the important data?", "itGn19JcpbM-00455-00171846-00172054": "Because I think that’s a huge problem.", "itGn19JcpbM-00456-00172054-00172672": "And, as we get in the EHR information, that’s where you start deluding out, in many cases,", "itGn19JcpbM-00457-00172672-00172819": "what is the most important information.", "itGn19JcpbM-00458-00172819-00172978": "So, what are your ideas around that?", "itGn19JcpbM-00459-00172978-00173335": "Calum MacRae: I mean, I think it’s exactly what we talked", "itGn19JcpbM-00460-00173335-00173435": "about this morning.", "itGn19JcpbM-00461-00173435-00173828": "It’s proximate phenotypes that are at the resolution that allows us to connect them", "itGn19JcpbM-00462-00173828-00174161": "mechanistically to whatever the causes are.", "itGn19JcpbM-00463-00174161-00174575": "I think that’s one of the problems with -- most of the -- I mean, phenotypes we measure", "itGn19JcpbM-00464-00174575-00175103": "are things that were -- we decided to measure as a community based on, you know, historical", "itGn19JcpbM-00465-00175103-00175203": "happenstance.", "itGn19JcpbM-00466-00175203-00175478": "You know, blood pressures, because you can actually measure the height of a column of", "itGn19JcpbM-00467-00175478-00175769": "blood when you cut the carotid of a horse, or whatever.", "itGn19JcpbM-00468-00175769-00175983": "I mean, that’s literally why we pick it.", "itGn19JcpbM-00469-00175983-00176490": "There’s no -- it’s -- there’s so many different factors that go into that that it", "itGn19JcpbM-00470-00176490-00176940": "beggars description to be able to rationalize why we would then, 300, 400 years later, still", "itGn19JcpbM-00471-00176940-00177405": "be completely focused on it, and have it be the only residual phenotype for which we are", "itGn19JcpbM-00472-00177405-00177889": "able to manage risk in the syndromes that present that have hypertension as a manifestation.", "itGn19JcpbM-00473-00177889-00178592": "So, I think what we need to do is begin to -- start in the areas that we understand well,", "itGn19JcpbM-00474-00178592-00178889": "and progressively standardize what we do and move out.", "itGn19JcpbM-00475-00178889-00179341": "This is a -- this is -- this is partly why I think it can only happen in the context", "itGn19JcpbM-00476-00179341-00179471": "of existing healthcare.", "itGn19JcpbM-00477-00179471-00179777": "We’re going to have to get everybody to change over time.", "itGn19JcpbM-00478-00179777-00180421": "I don’t think we’re going to have a parallel project of a scale that is sufficient to identify", "itGn19JcpbM-00479-00180421-00180841": "the determinants -- the major determinants of common disease if we don’t have it built", "itGn19JcpbM-00480-00180841-00181659": "into the electronic health record, and the whole healthcare system, the whole healthcare", "itGn19JcpbM-00481-00181659-00181847": "acquisition and delivery system.", "itGn19JcpbM-00482-00181847-00182320": "And, you know, just even -- obviously one of the traits that I think is very important,", "itGn19JcpbM-00483-00182320-00182662": "which we have really never systematically studied -- drug responses.", "itGn19JcpbM-00484-00182662-00183090": "So, you know, why is it that decades after some of the early work in pharmacogenomics,", "itGn19JcpbM-00485-00183090-00183678": "there’s still not even an effort to record first drug response, or what the delta is", "itGn19JcpbM-00486-00183678-00184261": "in a -- in a -- in a particular trait when you add a drug in a -- on a large scale across", "itGn19JcpbM-00487-00184261-00184361": "the population.", "itGn19JcpbM-00488-00184361-00184461": "We never do any of those things.", "itGn19JcpbM-00489-00184461-00185023": "There are no epidemiologic studies, for example, that incorporate a dynamic perturbation using", "itGn19JcpbM-00490-00185023-00185123": "the small molecule.", "itGn19JcpbM-00491-00185123-00185453": "So -- and that’s something that you can immediately take to yeast the following day.", "itGn19JcpbM-00492-00185453-00185896": "So, I think that type of understanding what are the anchors are -- so, genomics is a powerful", "itGn19JcpbM-00493-00185896-00186250": "anchor, because the language goes all the way from top to bottom.", "itGn19JcpbM-00494-00186250-00186388": "We need phenotypes that do the same.", "itGn19JcpbM-00495-00186388-00186744": "And many of those are, by definition, going to be at the cellular level.", "itGn19JcpbM-00496-00186744-00187182": "And ideally the best way of thinking about them is to organize them around stimuli that", "itGn19JcpbM-00497-00187182-00187451": "can also be applied across every level.", "itGn19JcpbM-00498-00187451-00187551": "I think.", "itGn19JcpbM-00499-00187551-00187674": "I’m sure it’s not the only way to do it.", "itGn19JcpbM-00500-00187674-00188215": "We have to get -- the difficulty is getting from here to there, as you point out.", "itGn19JcpbM-00501-00188215-00188648": "Female Speaker: So, Calum, you had also mentioned next generation", "itGn19JcpbM-00502-00188648-00188829": "phenotyping -- I think it was you.", "itGn19JcpbM-00503-00188829-00189412": "So, what we’re thinking in terms of what on your -- in your average patient you would", "itGn19JcpbM-00504-00189412-00189825": "like to have measured as sort of the next generation phenotyping in an EMR?", "itGn19JcpbM-00505-00189825-00190103": "Calum MacRae: So, we’ve begun to do this at very -- in", "itGn19JcpbM-00506-00190103-00190549": "very low throughput in our clinic thinking two things, and sort of aggregating some of", "itGn19JcpbM-00507-00190549-00190980": "the conversations that you’ve heard this morning -- that we need perturbations that", "itGn19JcpbM-00508-00190980-00191525": "the traditional clinical data input is relatively random and poorly organized.", "itGn19JcpbM-00509-00191525-00191987": "And so, beginning to have patients come and actually spend some time in the clinic where", "itGn19JcpbM-00510-00191987-00192453": "they’re actually undergoing systematic perturbation, and measuring things that we would not traditionally", "itGn19JcpbM-00511-00192453-00192553": "measure.", "itGn19JcpbM-00512-00192553-00192813": "Some, you know, for example, as Dan pointed out -- some symptom scales.", "itGn19JcpbM-00513-00192813-00193398": "But, also, we started measuring, partly thanks to Cricket’s insights from her work -- started", "itGn19JcpbM-00514-00193398-00193863": "measuring neurological phenotypes in patients who came with cardiac disorders.", "itGn19JcpbM-00515-00193863-00194323": "And so, we -- literally, there are lots of clinically available nerve conduction, chloride", "itGn19JcpbM-00516-00194323-00194763": "transit, times that you can measure in literally a minute and a half, as people are checking", "itGn19JcpbM-00517-00194763-00195062": "in, and begin to use those to stratify clinical disorders.", "itGn19JcpbM-00518-00195062-00195421": "Now, that’s a small scale in ready genotype populations.", "itGn19JcpbM-00519-00195421-00195608": "I don’t know.", "itGn19JcpbM-00520-00195608-00196039": "And I think you’d have to have some sort of unbiased strategy to begin to imagine how", "itGn19JcpbM-00521-00196039-00196351": "this would be feasible across the entire population.", "itGn19JcpbM-00522-00196351-00196925": "But, you know, thinking about existing datasets that inform risk of subsequent disease, there’s", "itGn19JcpbM-00523-00196925-00197457": "everything from, you know, grocery purchases, which are being recorded by every advertising", "itGn19JcpbM-00524-00197457-00198003": "agency on the planet at unbelievably granular resolution -- all the -- which is a whole", "itGn19JcpbM-00525-00198003-00198575": "set of exposures that we’ve never really measured -- all the way through to ambient", "itGn19JcpbM-00526-00198575-00199114": "phenotyping using remote sensors for -- for example, one of the things we’re about to", "itGn19JcpbM-00527-00199114-00199602": "implement is a new infrared camera that picks fiduciary points in the skeleton, and so,", "itGn19JcpbM-00528-00199602-00199848": "can map in a clinic waiting room gait abnormalities.", "itGn19JcpbM-00529-00199848-00200221": "So, that type of thing, because it’s associated with cardiomyopathy, makes a huge amount of", "itGn19JcpbM-00530-00200221-00200480": "sense to implement in a cardiomyopathy clinic.", "itGn19JcpbM-00531-00200480-00201086": "It’s obviously not necessarily of such relevance in a -- you know, an OBGYN clinic.", "itGn19JcpbM-00532-00201086-00201658": "But, if you imagine how the entire healthcare system could be turned towards this type of", "itGn19JcpbM-00533-00201658-00202171": "thing, if it was properly incented, you might actually have a very powerful set of tools.", "itGn19JcpbM-00534-00202171-00202767": "I mean, I -- one of the examples I always quote, because it’s trite and simplistic", "itGn19JcpbM-00535-00202767-00203258": "is, you know, if you look at diabetes, it looks like a very complex trait.", "itGn19JcpbM-00536-00203258-00203849": "If you add one or two variables like height and shoe size, you can pull out the -- several", "itGn19JcpbM-00537-00203849-00204239": "of the major Mendelian forms, because they’re dwarfisms or gigantisms.", "itGn19JcpbM-00538-00204239-00204616": "So, those are actually -- because they’re standardized measurements for which there", "itGn19JcpbM-00539-00204616-00205115": "are even international scales of cross reference, you can begin to imagine, if we -- if we’d", "itGn19JcpbM-00540-00205115-00205496": "recorded that type of information, we might actually have at least standardized -- one", "itGn19JcpbM-00541-00205496-00205761": "additional standardized phenotype in the electronic health record.", "itGn19JcpbM-00542-00205761-00206023": "So, shoe size may be the first next generation phenotype.", "itGn19JcpbM-00543-00206023-00206123": "[laughter]", "itGn19JcpbM-00544-00206123-00206273": "Howard Jacob: Gail.", "itGn19JcpbM-00545-00206273-00206463": "Gail Herman: Yeah.", "itGn19JcpbM-00546-00206463-00206886": "I think the other thing -- and we’ve heard it mentioned some, is that in -- when we see", "itGn19JcpbM-00547-00206886-00207231": "a child, we would love to get measurements on parents.", "itGn19JcpbM-00548-00207231-00207404": "Now, some things I can do.", "itGn19JcpbM-00549-00207404-00207932": "But, if they’re going to see a pediatric ophthalmologist, he ought to be able to examine", "itGn19JcpbM-00550-00207932-00208032": "the parents.", "itGn19JcpbM-00551-00208032-00208423": "And getting echoes on parents can be incredibly problematic.", "itGn19JcpbM-00552-00208423-00208739": "And part of it -- a lot of it’s financial, but it’s also bird in the hand.", "itGn19JcpbM-00553-00208739-00209125": "If you could do it right when they were there -- because they’re too busy to come back", "itGn19JcpbM-00554-00209125-00209655": "and do it on their own and all -- I think that would help us sort out, again, some of", "itGn19JcpbM-00555-00209655-00210135": "the genetics, because if you can’t measure the trait in other members of the family,", "itGn19JcpbM-00556-00210135-00210691": "it’s hard to know what to do if they had the variant or not.", "itGn19JcpbM-00557-00210691-00211305": "Leslie Biesecker: And just one other facet to add, not to make", "itGn19JcpbM-00558-00211305-00211448": "it more depressing.", "itGn19JcpbM-00559-00211448-00211548": "[laughter]", "itGn19JcpbM-00560-00211548-00212150": "But most of our clinical research and much of our care -- and I know clinical decision", "itGn19JcpbM-00561-00212150-00212514": "making is biased because of this cognitive error.", "itGn19JcpbM-00562-00212514-00213317": "We are currently wedded to a phenotypic taxonomy of disease and phenotypic ascertainment of", "itGn19JcpbM-00563-00213317-00214012": "the people that we study, which means that we are biasing our understanding of the relationship", "itGn19JcpbM-00564-00214012-00214673": "between genomic variation and phenotype based on our presuppositions of what we think these", "itGn19JcpbM-00565-00214673-00214801": "diseases are.", "itGn19JcpbM-00566-00214801-00215417": "And the only way we will ever be able to do prediction from genomic variation is if we", "itGn19JcpbM-00567-00215417-00216087": "understand that full spectrum and complement our phenotypic based research with genotypic", "itGn19JcpbM-00568-00216087-00216621": "ascertainment research, is ascertain people by their genomic attribute and then ask the", "itGn19JcpbM-00569-00216621-00217248": "question, “What is the spectrum of the phenotype that is associated with these variants, and", "itGn19JcpbM-00570-00217248-00217467": "make the information go both ways.", "itGn19JcpbM-00571-00217467-00217767": "And then we can begin to put the pieces of the puzzle together.", "itGn19JcpbM-00572-00217767-00217867": "[inaudible commentary]", "itGn19JcpbM-00573-00217867-00218094": "Leslie Biesecker: And -- oh, natural history too.", "itGn19JcpbM-00574-00218094-00218194": "Yes.", "itGn19JcpbM-00575-00218194-00218323": "Howard Jacob: Bob, and then Cricket.", "itGn19JcpbM-00576-00218323-00218640": "Robert Wildin: One of the types of information that you can", "itGn19JcpbM-00577-00218640-00219296": "get from the EHR that’s fairly binary is what was actually done, rather than what the", "itGn19JcpbM-00578-00219296-00219733": "result of what you did was, which can -- often is not binary.", "itGn19JcpbM-00579-00219733-00220001": "Which is to say, “Was an echocardiogram done?", "itGn19JcpbM-00580-00220001-00220271": "Was a referral to an endocrinologist done?", "itGn19JcpbM-00581-00220271-00220371": "Was a CBC done?”", "itGn19JcpbM-00582-00220371-00220967": "I mean -- and those are sort of binary questions that are basically ersatz for, “What is", "itGn19JcpbM-00583-00220967-00221467": "the clinician thinking,” and, “What’s the diagnostic pathway they’re going down?”", "itGn19JcpbM-00584-00221467-00221910": "It’s not perfect, but it’s something that is more computable than trying to read what", "itGn19JcpbM-00585-00221910-00222207": "the -- what the clinician wrote.", "itGn19JcpbM-00586-00222207-00222751": "Female Speaker: So, I just wanted to add to Les’ thoughts", "itGn19JcpbM-00587-00222751-00223326": "because I think that this idea of longitudinal phenotyping with genotyping is absolutely", "itGn19JcpbM-00588-00223326-00223426": "essential.", "itGn19JcpbM-00589-00223426-00224121": "And I would only add that this, to me, is where academic healthcare centers belong,", "itGn19JcpbM-00590-00224121-00224369": "that we have longitudinal record.", "itGn19JcpbM-00591-00224369-00224980": "We have, perhaps, been the earliest and most invested adopters in having an electronic", "itGn19JcpbM-00592-00224980-00225351": "medical record that works, for better or for worse.", "itGn19JcpbM-00593-00225351-00225689": "And we have experts in those diseased phenotypes.", "itGn19JcpbM-00594-00225689-00226207": "And we have a cadre of sick people who come to us because we have experts at those phenotypes.", "itGn19JcpbM-00595-00226207-00226779": "So, integrating the genotype in terms of those longitudinal medical records -- and I think", "itGn19JcpbM-00596-00226779-00227262": "around the room, many of the institutions here -- represented here, have created these", "itGn19JcpbM-00597-00227262-00227646": "bio banks that allow for broad based genotyping.", "itGn19JcpbM-00598-00227646-00228252": "And I think that’s something that should be endorsed and, frankly, supported by NIH,", "itGn19JcpbM-00599-00228252-00228946": "because it’s so powerful for having all of the information in one place about a disease", "itGn19JcpbM-00600-00228946-00229698": "-- that there is a focused expert cadre of investigators, scientists, Ph.D. scientists,", "itGn19JcpbM-00601-00229698-00230012": "clinical scientists, and the like, to -- gathered around.", "itGn19JcpbM-00602-00230012-00230516": "The only other thing I would add to it -- sometimes we forget that, as geneticists we like extremes,", "itGn19JcpbM-00603-00230516-00230616": "okay?", "itGn19JcpbM-00604-00230616-00231015": "And we’ve heard a lot about Cecilia and I, early extremes.", "itGn19JcpbM-00605-00231015-00231698": "But the flip side of that should be we should think about the really healthy older cohort.", "itGn19JcpbM-00606-00231698-00232304": "You know, those individuals who get through all of this stuff, and are alive and well,", "itGn19JcpbM-00607-00232304-00232521": "and can tell us about it [laughs].", "itGn19JcpbM-00608-00232521-00233058": "And I think that it would be very worthwhile to have genotype and deep phenotyping of those", "itGn19JcpbM-00609-00233058-00233158": "individuals.", "itGn19JcpbM-00610-00233158-00233629": "Now, I, frankly, don’t believe that anybody is completely healthy.", "itGn19JcpbM-00611-00233629-00234267": "But I’m struck, and I think all of you have relatives who have -- as I do, individuals", "itGn19JcpbM-00612-00234267-00234882": "who have maybe bad diseases below the neck, but above the neck they are as sharp as can", "itGn19JcpbM-00613-00234882-00234990": "be.", "itGn19JcpbM-00614-00234990-00235534": "And what does that try to teach us about, what are the genetic drivers of diseases,", "itGn19JcpbM-00615-00235534-00235810": "as well as phenotype and compensatory responses.", "itGn19JcpbM-00616-00235810-00236506": "So, I just think that normal controls are something we never see supported at the NIH", "itGn19JcpbM-00617-00236506-00236606": "level.", "itGn19JcpbM-00618-00236606-00237048": "And I think, increasingly, we need normal, or, if you will, healthy people that we really", "itGn19JcpbM-00619-00237048-00237236": "understand their genotypes and phenotypes.", "itGn19JcpbM-00620-00237236-00237391": "Howard Jacob: Marc, then Calum.", "itGn19JcpbM-00621-00237391-00237539": "Marc Williams: Yeah.", "itGn19JcpbM-00622-00237539-00237823": "A couple of responses to that.", "itGn19JcpbM-00623-00237823-00238342": "First of all -- and, again, maybe the argument is whether or not Geisinger is an academic", "itGn19JcpbM-00624-00238342-00238442": "medical center.", "itGn19JcpbM-00625-00238442-00238814": "We don’t consider ourselves to be an academic medical center, but I would take issue with", "itGn19JcpbM-00626-00238814-00239335": "academic medical centers being the best source of longitudinal data, since the experience", "itGn19JcpbM-00627-00239335-00239598": "that we’ve had is that we’ve had is that most of them have episodic data associated", "itGn19JcpbM-00628-00239598-00240273": "with more acute illness, and that the care -- the majority of care is being provided", "itGn19JcpbM-00629-00240273-00240486": "outside of academic centers.", "itGn19JcpbM-00630-00240486-00241162": "And, related to that last comment, is that, you know, we have individuals in our MyCode", "itGn19JcpbM-00631-00241162-00241706": "biorepository who are between 90 and 100 years old, that we have all their data from the", "itGn19JcpbM-00632-00241706-00241942": "time they were born until now.", "itGn19JcpbM-00633-00241942-00242502": "Now, granted, the -- 80 percent of it is not in a computable form.", "itGn19JcpbM-00634-00242502-00242623": "But it’s there.", "itGn19JcpbM-00635-00242623-00243253": "So, I think, you know, that’s the power of having more of an embedded approach of", "itGn19JcpbM-00636-00243253-00243615": "associating genotypic information with a range of things.", "itGn19JcpbM-00637-00243615-00244127": "And, to Les’ point, I think we’re beginning to see how a PheWAS type of an approach can", "itGn19JcpbM-00638-00244127-00244227": "yield some data.", "itGn19JcpbM-00639-00244227-00244573": "But it makes Calum’s point even more important.", "itGn19JcpbM-00640-00244573-00245016": "Which is, if we’re going to do a genome first ascertainment, to be able to understand", "itGn19JcpbM-00641-00245016-00245585": "what the range of phenotypes is, we have to have way better phenotypes to be able to assess", "itGn19JcpbM-00642-00245585-00245913": "that, because the advantage that you have with phenotyping is, at least you kind of", "itGn19JcpbM-00643-00245913-00246029": "know what you’re looking for.", "itGn19JcpbM-00644-00246029-00246596": "And so, you can torture the data to give you something that, you know, is a reasonable", "itGn19JcpbM-00645-00246596-00246864": "proxy for what it is that you’re actually looking for.", "itGn19JcpbM-00646-00246864-00247265": "Whereas, if you’re doing a genome first approach, you don’t necessarily have the", "itGn19JcpbM-00647-00247265-00247700": "luxury of being able to understand what the electronic health record is actually telling", "itGn19JcpbM-00648-00247700-00247800": "you.", "itGn19JcpbM-00649-00247800-00248196": "So, I think in some ways what we’re saying is that these two aspects are inextricably", "itGn19JcpbM-00650-00248196-00248334": "linked.", "itGn19JcpbM-00651-00248334-00248578": "If we want to move this forward we have to be able to do both.", "itGn19JcpbM-00652-00248578-00248678": "Howard Jacob: Calum.", "itGn19JcpbM-00653-00248678-00248956": "Calum MacRae: And I was just going to emphasize, in response", "itGn19JcpbM-00654-00248956-00249069": "to Cricket’s point, that exactly.", "itGn19JcpbM-00655-00249069-00249448": "If you -- if you have quantitative traits, you capture both ends of the spectrum, as", "itGn19JcpbM-00656-00249448-00249669": "well as all the information in the middle.", "itGn19JcpbM-00657-00249669-00250014": "This is an -- this is fundamentally an information content problem.", "itGn19JcpbM-00658-00250014-00250313": "And I have to tell you that one other thing I would say is I think this will be solved", "itGn19JcpbM-00659-00250313-00250660": "outside traditional biomedicine long before we solve it.", "itGn19JcpbM-00660-00250660-00251446": "There are huge movements in quantified self-movement in commercial health movements, and in commercial", "itGn19JcpbM-00661-00251446-00251910": "activities of other sorts where there’s actually a vested interest in improving the", "itGn19JcpbM-00662-00251910-00252369": "information content on the -- on the individuals for a variety of different ends.", "itGn19JcpbM-00663-00252369-00252729": "So, I think if we think about, “This is only going to happen in academic medicine,”", "itGn19JcpbM-00664-00252729-00252829": "I mean, I agree with Cricket.", "itGn19JcpbM-00665-00252829-00253086": "There’s a lot good that is in academic medicine.", "itGn19JcpbM-00666-00253086-00253578": "But I think, fundamentally, we -- this has to, even from the standpoint of scale, has", "itGn19JcpbM-00667-00253578-00253792": "to operate in a much different fashion.", "itGn19JcpbM-00668-00253792-00254019": "Howard Jacob: Stephen, last comment.", "itGn19JcpbM-00669-00254019-00254201": "Stephen Kingsmore: Oh, wow.", "itGn19JcpbM-00670-00254201-00254301": "Last comment.", "itGn19JcpbM-00671-00254301-00254401": "[laughter]", "itGn19JcpbM-00672-00254401-00254501": "I’ll pay you back later.", "itGn19JcpbM-00673-00254501-00254832": "Howard Jacob: There is chair prerogative, just so you know.", "itGn19JcpbM-00674-00254832-00255071": "Stephen Kingsmore: So, I have to disagree, somewhat, with the", "itGn19JcpbM-00675-00255071-00255280": "tune of this conversation.", "itGn19JcpbM-00676-00255280-00255761": "In the studies which have been performed to date, with really crude phenotypes coming", "itGn19JcpbM-00677-00255761-00256519": "out of unstructured EMRs with disparate, not necessarily academic, clinicians, we’re", "itGn19JcpbM-00678-00256519-00257021": "finding very high rates of diagnosis today and things which are clearly scalable.", "itGn19JcpbM-00679-00257021-00257652": "And so, I agree that, from a basic research standpoint, you want infinitely beautiful,", "itGn19JcpbM-00680-00257652-00257792": "precise phenotypes.", "itGn19JcpbM-00681-00257792-00258366": "But, from the standpoint of implementing genomic medicine at scale, we have to understand that", "itGn19JcpbM-00682-00258366-00259077": "we’re aiming to use conventional medical records, conventional imprecision measures,", "itGn19JcpbM-00683-00259077-00259592": "and that we don’t understand the phenotypic diversity of most genetic diseases.", "itGn19JcpbM-00684-00259592-00260153": "And so, precise phenotypes, sometimes, are our enemy and lead us up the wrong ballpark.", "itGn19JcpbM-00685-00260153-00260921": "So, I think that, even with, you know, several thousand phenotypic features, not even 10,000,", "itGn19JcpbM-00686-00260921-00261617": "and all the imprecision in our medical records today, the field is still incredibly ripe", "itGn19JcpbM-00687-00261617-00262292": "for us to do the pivotal studies to start to measure phenotypic heterogeneity, variability,", "itGn19JcpbM-00688-00262292-00262756": "genomics, topography -- and I’ll stop there.", "itGn19JcpbM-00689-00262756-00263130": "Howard Jacob: Well, I think that’s a great close.", "itGn19JcpbM-00690-00263130-00263582": "I will add one other thing, is that maybe genome 10, although we haven’t got there", "itGn19JcpbM-00691-00263582-00263923": "yet, should be a meeting on, “What is a healthy genome?”", "itGn19JcpbM-00692-00263923-00263974": "[end of transcript]"}}, {"audio_id": "itTbUsX7YZu", "text": {"itTbUsX7YZu-00000-00003628-00003947": "If you're practicing mindfulness then", "itTbUsX7YZu-00001-00004210-00004482": "experiences should be", "itTbUsX7YZu-00002-00004666-00005026": "more intense and more vivid", "itTbUsX7YZu-00003-00005170-00005346": "life should be more bright", "itTbUsX7YZu-00004-00005474-00005704": "It also means being aware of the", "itTbUsX7YZu-00005-00005704-00005928": "unpleasant as much as the pleasant", "itTbUsX7YZu-00006-00006108-00006398": "So, I'm not promising that your day will be", "itTbUsX7YZu-00007-00006426-00006570": "absolutely pleasant", "itTbUsX7YZu-00008-00006952-00007192": "but the day should be sharper", "itTbUsX7YZu-00009-00007516-00007826": "if you do things with mindfulness", "itTbUsX7YZu-00010-00007826-00008172": "you're interrupting those story arcs", "itTbUsX7YZu-00011-00008548-00008714": "I have this image", "itTbUsX7YZu-00012-00008842-00008976": "of going camping", "itTbUsX7YZu-00013-00009148-00009418": "and you're sitting there by the fire", "itTbUsX7YZu-00014-00009516-00009740": "and there are few things as", "itTbUsX7YZu-00015-00009796-00010072": "utterly absorbing as a ... as a fire", "itTbUsX7YZu-00016-00010084-00010326": "just sitting there staring into a fire", "itTbUsX7YZu-00017-00010374-00010502": "It's better than TV", "itTbUsX7YZu-00018-00010962-00011222": "and there in the campsite while you're sitting there", "itTbUsX7YZu-00019-00011272-00011454": "absorbed in the fire", "itTbUsX7YZu-00020-00011696-00011840": "there's also your dog", "itTbUsX7YZu-00021-00012014-00012278": "and your dog leaps up and starts yapping", "itTbUsX7YZu-00022-00012386-00012794": "and you look over at what your dog is barking at, and it's a leaf", "itTbUsX7YZu-00023-00012972-00013210": "To the dog: 'WOW, IT'S A LEAF'", "itTbUsX7YZu-00024-00013304-00013388": "IT MOVED!", "itTbUsX7YZu-00025-00013534-00013772": "And you're like 'yeah yeah; let me look into the fire'", "itTbUsX7YZu-00026-00014080-00014376": "So get your fascination back with the small things", "itTbUsX7YZu-00027-00014412-00014563": "A leaf is fantastic", "itTbUsX7YZu-00028-00014606-00014819": "When you look at it when you're mindful", "itTbUsX7YZu-00029-00014863-00015090": "when you're not lost in your stories", "itTbUsX7YZu-00030-00015090-00015230": "and you're thinking and ...", "itTbUsX7YZu-00031-00015269-00015566": "absorbed in your activity", "itTbUsX7YZu-00032-00015644-00015747": "you walk around", "itTbUsX7YZu-00033-00015819-00016036": "most cities, but I think that Bangkok", "itTbUsX7YZu-00034-00016036-00016382": "is much much much worse than Australia", "itTbUsX7YZu-00035-00016446-00016798": "People staring into their phones as they're walking", "itTbUsX7YZu-00036-00016868-00017154": "just absorbed in ... in", "itTbUsX7YZu-00037-00017282-00017570": "...what, I don't know. I don't know what they're doing", "itTbUsX7YZu-00038-00017668-00017852": "Bumping into people and ...", "itTbUsX7YZu-00039-00018106-00018424": "One of the videos I put up on YouTube was", "itTbUsX7YZu-00040-00018590-00018894": "... the original clip is on YouTube somewhere", "itTbUsX7YZu-00041-00019128-00019306": "they did an experiment", "itTbUsX7YZu-00042-00019560-00019918": "and the question is - the ppl who are absorbed", "itTbUsX7YZu-00043-00019968-00020212": "in their phones", "itTbUsX7YZu-00044-00020250-00020482": "as they're walking across a square", "itTbUsX7YZu-00045-00020532-00020700": "outside a university", "itTbUsX7YZu-00046-00020916-00021092": "and there's a disparity", "itTbUsX7YZu-00047-00021092-00021468": "what they think they've done is walked in a straight line", "itTbUsX7YZu-00048-00021528-00021934": "and they're completely unaware how close they are to bumping into ppl", "itTbUsX7YZu-00049-00021934-00022266": "and they're constantly having to zigzag and move around", "itTbUsX7YZu-00050-00022388-00022712": "so their perception of their experience", "itTbUsX7YZu-00051-00022758-00023026": "is very different to their actual experience", "itTbUsX7YZu-00052-00023136-00023576": "and for some of these ppl, when they're shown a video of themselves", "itTbUsX7YZu-00053-00023576-00024060": "walking across the square - they think they just went in a straight line like this .. but", "itTbUsX7YZu-00054-00024156-00024460": "they are quite amazed at what actually went on", "itTbUsX7YZu-00055-00024632-00024994": "To test how aware ppl were of their surroundings", "itTbUsX7YZu-00056-00025050-00025234": "what the experimenters did", "itTbUsX7YZu-00057-00025372-00025610": "was they put a clown on a unicycle", "itTbUsX7YZu-00058-00025738-00025954": "and had this clown on a unicycle", "itTbUsX7YZu-00059-00025954-00026262": "go right in front of ppl on their phones", "itTbUsX7YZu-00060-00026395-00026748": "and most of the ppl never saw the clown on the unicycle", "itTbUsX7YZu-00061-00027124-00027316": "So if you want to look up the research", "itTbUsX7YZu-00062-00027316-00027595": "just put \"clown on unicycle\" in YouTube", "itTbUsX7YZu-00063-00027595-00027964": "and you can see the experiments and conclusions", "itTbUsX7YZu-00064-00027964-00028239": "that the psychologists were coming up with", "itTbUsX7YZu-00065-00028632-00028894": "When they showed ppl the videos, they can't believe", "itTbUsX7YZu-00066-00028894-00029300": "that they didn't see a clown on a unicycle go right in front of them", "itTbUsX7YZu-00067-00029332-00029666": "and often they'd even dodge out the way of this", "itTbUsX7YZu-00068-00029708-00029930": "clown on a unicycle, but never see it", "itTbUsX7YZu-00069-00030070-00030158": "interesting", "itTbUsX7YZu-00070-00030364-00030672": "So, if you're practicing mindfulness", "itTbUsX7YZu-00071-00030736-00031054": "these story arcs, these things that we", "itTbUsX7YZu-00072-00031154-00031526": "actions or thinking that we get absorbed into", "itTbUsX7YZu-00073-00031680-00031832": "we want to break them up", "itTbUsX7YZu-00074-00031894-00032188": "when you break them up you become fascinated with the", "itTbUsX7YZu-00075-00032286-00032382": "small things.", "itTbUsX7YZu-00076-00032462-00032512": "A leaf!", "itTbUsX7YZu-00077-00032538-00032588": "WOW", "itTbUsX7YZu-00078-00033080-00033572": "One of the best notes I ever received in a meditation retreat", "itTbUsX7YZu-00079-00033680-00033928": "Somebody wrote me this note and said:", "itTbUsX7YZu-00080-00034004-00034284": "'My whole life I have absolutely detested", "itTbUsX7YZu-00081-00034382-00034438": "carrots", "itTbUsX7YZu-00082-00034784-00035134": "and this retreat is so boring, the only thing I had to look forward to", "itTbUsX7YZu-00083-00035134-00035244": "was the food", "itTbUsX7YZu-00084-00035422-00035844": "and I couldn't believe it - somebody had put sliced carrots in everything", "itTbUsX7YZu-00085-00036054-00036174": "I was SO unhappy", "itTbUsX7YZu-00086-00036320-00036440": "and then I thought", "itTbUsX7YZu-00087-00036526-00036822": "Why am I creating suffering around a stupid little orange", "itTbUsX7YZu-00088-00036826-00036906": "vegetable?", "itTbUsX7YZu-00089-00037058-00037224": "So I looked at this little thing", "itTbUsX7YZu-00090-00037224-00037418": "and I speared it with my fork", "itTbUsX7YZu-00091-00037418-00037568": "and I popped it into my mouth", "itTbUsX7YZu-00092-00037586-00037690": "and I chewed it", "itTbUsX7YZu-00093-00037874-00038266": "and Oh My God, I've never had such a wonderful experience!!", "itTbUsX7YZu-00094-00038586-00038830": "If I have nothing else to thank you for I thank you for the", "itTbUsX7YZu-00095-00038934-00039222": "wonderful enlightening experience of how", "itTbUsX7YZu-00096-00039222-00039472": "exquisitely beautiful carrots are", "itTbUsX7YZu-00097-00039658-00039818": "something like that ...", "itTbUsX7YZu-00098-00040344-00040512": "Mindfulness then", "itTbUsX7YZu-00099-00040550-00040894": "You are taking joy, getting that animal-like joy", "itTbUsX7YZu-00100-00040894-00041138": "in just the small experiences", "itTbUsX7YZu-00101-00041138-00041350": "one after the other after the other", "itTbUsX7YZu-00102-00041428-00041868": "being willing to break up the long stories that you get involved in", "itTbUsX7YZu-00103-00042044-00042318": "The natural tendency of a human being", "itTbUsX7YZu-00104-00042374-00042474": "is to ...", "itTbUsX7YZu-00105-00042586-00042834": "stay away from feeling themselves", "itTbUsX7YZu-00106-00043044-00043156": "for most ppl", "itTbUsX7YZu-00107-00043266-00043704": "kind of ... happiness or ... is getting absorbed in something", "itTbUsX7YZu-00108-00043738-00043818": "completely", "itTbUsX7YZu-00109-00043922-00044120": "That's why ppl like TV", "itTbUsX7YZu-00110-00044264-00044568": "Some research done on ppl watching TV", "itTbUsX7YZu-00111-00044694-00044980": "it turns out that ppl who", "itTbUsX7YZu-00112-00044998-00045248": "sit and watch TV all day - and they're paid to", "itTbUsX7YZu-00113-00045248-00045380": "it's part of the experiment", "itTbUsX7YZu-00114-00045482-00045642": "burn fewer calories", "itTbUsX7YZu-00115-00045642-00045904": "than ppl who are stuck in a room doing nothing", "itTbUsX7YZu-00116-00046026-00046240": "Doing nothing - you start to look around", "itTbUsX7YZu-00117-00046240-00046574": "you start to invent things, you start to get more active", "itTbUsX7YZu-00118-00046574-00046732": "with TV you're just [Zzzzz]", "itTbUsX7YZu-00119-00046802-00046930": "you're just off ...", "itTbUsX7YZu-00120-00047154-00047450": "They also had these students watch TV all day", "itTbUsX7YZu-00121-00047506-00047848": "they were paid a fee to do the experiment", "itTbUsX7YZu-00122-00047928-00048168": "I wish someone had paid me to watch TV all day", "itTbUsX7YZu-00123-00048244-00048388": "I could have done that", "itTbUsX7YZu-00124-00048502-00048904": "and then they were asked periodically what they had been watching", "itTbUsX7YZu-00125-00048904-00049038": "4 hours previously", "itTbUsX7YZu-00126-00049038-00049192": "And they couldn't remember", "itTbUsX7YZu-00127-00049364-00049676": "Most people think that they would be able to remember", "itTbUsX7YZu-00128-00049676-00049912": "but actually experiments showed that", "itTbUsX7YZu-00129-00049912-00050140": "pretty much no one can even remember", "itTbUsX7YZu-00130-00050280-00050596": "Why? Because we like to not feel ourselves", "itTbUsX7YZu-00131-00050650-00051032": "we like to not be engaged - we like to be unconscious", "itTbUsX7YZu-00132-00051138-00051478": "Think of a cat, you know, cats can spend", "itTbUsX7YZu-00133-00051555-00051826": "22 hours a day sleeping", "itTbUsX7YZu-00134-00051917-00052194": "You know, as animals, we like to", "itTbUsX7YZu-00135-00052246-00052414": "not be aware of ourselves", "itTbUsX7YZu-00136-00052488-00052791": "and so when the attention returns to yourself", "itTbUsX7YZu-00137-00052800-00052967": "sometimes it can be", "itTbUsX7YZu-00138-00053012-00053179": "somewhat uncomfortable", "itTbUsX7YZu-00139-00053229-00053498": "you are not accustomed to feeling yourself", "itTbUsX7YZu-00140-00053498-00053764": "you are not accustomed to that feeling of life", "itTbUsX7YZu-00141-00053916-00054374": "So, bear this in mind and make it into something that's joyous", "itTbUsX7YZu-00142-00054422-00054614": "meditation should be joyous", "itTbUsX7YZu-00143-00054646-00054872": "beautiful in the beginning", "itTbUsX7YZu-00144-00054884-00055044": "beautiful in the middle", "itTbUsX7YZu-00145-00055086-00055246": "and beautiful in the end", "itTbUsX7YZu-00146-00055310-00055534": "It might not always be pleasant!!", "itTbUsX7YZu-00147-00055712-00055982": "for example - having children", "itTbUsX7YZu-00148-00056148-00056482": "is that a good experience or a bad experience?", "itTbUsX7YZu-00149-00056614-00056998": "it's a joyous experience - it might not always be pleasant", "itTbUsX7YZu-00150-00057200-00057554": "Children might cause you heartache and anguish", "itTbUsX7YZu-00151-00057612-00057854": "disappointment and pain", "itTbUsX7YZu-00152-00057946-00057996": "but", "itTbUsX7YZu-00153-00058144-00058496": "nonetheless having children is a joyous experience", "itTbUsX7YZu-00154-00058516-00058652": "--people tell me---", "itTbUsX7YZu-00155-00058684-00058852": "I'm a little unconvinced", "itTbUsX7YZu-00156-00059341-00059582": "So you make it into something joyous", "itTbUsX7YZu-00157-00059582-00059817": "you make it into something worthwhile", "itTbUsX7YZu-00158-00059817-00059978": "same with the meditation", "itTbUsX7YZu-00159-00060129-00060346": "it may not always be confortable", "itTbUsX7YZu-00160-00060414-00060726": "Yes, all human beings, we like to be", "itTbUsX7YZu-00161-00060752-00061162": "unaware of ourselves, and lost and absorbed in something", "itTbUsX7YZu-00162-00061272-00061386": "If I asked you", "itTbUsX7YZu-00163-00061544-00061950": "what's the difference between a good movie and a bad movie?", "itTbUsX7YZu-00164-00062082-00062186": "Is it the actor?", "itTbUsX7YZu-00165-00062328-00062378": "is it", "itTbUsX7YZu-00166-00062502-00062578": "an action", "itTbUsX7YZu-00167-00062626-00062708": "a thriller", "itTbUsX7YZu-00168-00062772-00062912": "A romantic comedy?", "itTbUsX7YZu-00169-00063129-00063436": "is it, you know, the ppl who are in the film?", "itTbUsX7YZu-00170-00063448-00063696": "is that what makes a good movie or not?", "itTbUsX7YZu-00171-00063800-00063978": "The only one criteria of", "itTbUsX7YZu-00172-00064024-00064312": "what you consider a good movie or a bad movie", "itTbUsX7YZu-00173-00064346-00064508": "is did it absorb you ?", "itTbUsX7YZu-00174-00064624-00064808": "and while you're in a cinema", "itTbUsX7YZu-00175-00064855-00064960": "watching a film", "itTbUsX7YZu-00176-00065158-00065317": "if it doesn't absorb you", "itTbUsX7YZu-00177-00065317-00065624": "suddenly you become aware of your surroundings", "itTbUsX7YZu-00178-00065624-00065854": "The person in front of you starts scratching", "itTbUsX7YZu-00179-00065854-00065998": "someone behind you is", "itTbUsX7YZu-00180-00066034-00066330": "eating popcorn with their mouth open", "itTbUsX7YZu-00181-00066416-00066496": "I hate that!", "itTbUsX7YZu-00182-00066958-00067150": "ppl chewing gum is bad enough", "itTbUsX7YZu-00183-00067150-00067464": "but ppl who chew gum with their mouth open ...", "itTbUsX7YZu-00184-00067478-00067550": "[Chips ....]", "itTbUsX7YZu-00185-00067616-00067666": "chips", "itTbUsX7YZu-00186-00067726-00068002": "[crackle] yeah, crisps we call them", "itTbUsX7YZu-00187-00068286-00068424": "I came back from a", "itTbUsX7YZu-00188-00068476-00068748": "Chonburi, a couple of hours from Bangkok", "itTbUsX7YZu-00189-00068780-00068896": "in a taxi", "itTbUsX7YZu-00190-00068970-00069288": "and every single meter of the entire journey", "itTbUsX7YZu-00191-00069288-00069504": "he chewed gum with his mouth open", "itTbUsX7YZu-00192-00069700-00069908": "sometimes I tell people .. I get", "itTbUsX7YZu-00193-00070144-00070430": "I can get quite rude sometimes", "itTbUsX7YZu-00194-00070694-00071150": "making the meditation into something joyous", "itTbUsX7YZu-00195-00071220-00071454": "most ppl like to be absorbed", "itTbUsX7YZu-00196-00071468-00071742": "in something .. in a phone", "itTbUsX7YZu-00197-00071768-00071904": "in a line of thinking", "itTbUsX7YZu-00198-00071940-00072042": "in sleeping", "itTbUsX7YZu-00199-00072080-00072382": "in eating ... and the eyes get glazed over", "itTbUsX7YZu-00200-00072530-00072866": "and they basically only resurface for air", "itTbUsX7YZu-00201-00072904-00073206": "like once in a while .. and like, look around", "itTbUsX7YZu-00202-00073272-00073588": "then they think something else; 'Oh I'll go and do this'", "itTbUsX7YZu-00203-00073632-00073882": "off in another line of action", "itTbUsX7YZu-00204-00073918-00074278": "so start to take note of those times when you resurface", "itTbUsX7YZu-00205-00074292-00074436": "and you come up for air", "itTbUsX7YZu-00206-00074460-00074796": "when your mindfulness returns and you look around", "itTbUsX7YZu-00207-00074864-00075208": "and usually this is the time when you make a decision", "itTbUsX7YZu-00208-00075244-00075340": "to do an action", "itTbUsX7YZu-00209-00075392-00075712": "so your awareness come back, and you look around", "itTbUsX7YZu-00210-00075712-00075926": "'right, I'll go make a cup of tea'", "itTbUsX7YZu-00211-00075998-00076198": "now you're back in another line of action", "itTbUsX7YZu-00212-00076270-00076628": "and your mind has already gone through the door", "itTbUsX7YZu-00213-00076628-00076894": "started making a cup of tea before you've even got to your feet yet", "itTbUsX7YZu-00214-00077034-00077226": "one practice we sometimes do", "itTbUsX7YZu-00215-00077260-00077524": "in the temples is opening doors", "itTbUsX7YZu-00216-00077626-00077914": "and every time you go to a door, STOP", "itTbUsX7YZu-00217-00077960-00078220": "and have a 5 seconds before the door", "itTbUsX7YZu-00218-00078220-00078546": "and you see how your mind has already gone through the door", "itTbUsX7YZu-00219-00078546-00078748": "and is lost in this action", "itTbUsX7YZu-00220-00078816-00078926": "STOP", "itTbUsX7YZu-00221-00078986-00079186": "WOW, look at that door handle!", "itTbUsX7YZu-00222-00079446-00079654": "See how often you come up for air", "itTbUsX7YZu-00223-00079654-00079862": "that mindfulness that returns", "itTbUsX7YZu-00224-00079874-00080202": "and that's the quality we're trying to re-awaken", "itTbUsX7YZu-00225-00080328-00080418": "and the more", "itTbUsX7YZu-00226-00080500-00080852": "you learn to trust in that experience", "itTbUsX7YZu-00227-00080908-00081076": "the less you get caught up", "itTbUsX7YZu-00228-00081094-00081334": "in the things around you in the world", "itTbUsX7YZu-00229-00081386-00081636": "But the more vividly you experience things!", "itTbUsX7YZu-00230-00081640-00082072": "you experience that leaf like the dog experienced the leaf again", "itTbUsX7YZu-00231-00082134-00082438": "you experience that bite of toast the way that", "itTbUsX7YZu-00232-00082576-00082768": "your first ever bite of toast", "itTbUsX7YZu-00233-00082932-00083260": "you experience things in a .. in a fresh way", "itTbUsX7YZu-00234-00083260-00083576": "you find that piece of carrot that you thought you hated", "itTbUsX7YZu-00235-00083748-00083972": "I was saying about the movies .. so", "itTbUsX7YZu-00236-00084052-00084300": "a 'good' movie is one that absorbs you", "itTbUsX7YZu-00237-00084312-00084520": "if you get caught up in the story", "itTbUsX7YZu-00238-00084558-00084718": "you don't feel yourself", "itTbUsX7YZu-00239-00084718-00084934": "you're not aware of your own body", "itTbUsX7YZu-00240-00084934-00085104": "uncomfortable in this little seat", "itTbUsX7YZu-00241-00085176-00085420": "all the smells gong on around you", "itTbUsX7YZu-00242-00085420-00085524": "the activities", "itTbUsX7YZu-00243-00085544-00085822": "the crunching ... you're just caught up with that", "itTbUsX7YZu-00244-00085896-00086016": "film, that movie", "itTbUsX7YZu-00245-00086136-00086336": "and for some ppl they like thrillers", "itTbUsX7YZu-00246-00086336-00086544": "and some ppl they like action movies", "itTbUsX7YZu-00247-00086756-00087148": "For me - action movies leave me just completely bored stiff", "itTbUsX7YZu-00248-00087306-00087526": "but you know, I see", "itTbUsX7YZu-00249-00087538-00087818": "sometimes the kids are watching like this", "itTbUsX7YZu-00250-00087862-00088074": "They're completely absorbed in the movie", "itTbUsX7YZu-00251-00088096-00088230": "Well that's what I like too!", "itTbUsX7YZu-00252-00088230-00088552": "I like to be completely absorbed in the story", "itTbUsX7YZu-00253-00088654-00089244": "So we're practicing with this interrupting of the story arcs", "itTbUsX7YZu-00254-00089340-00089768": "Getting back to experience little things moment by moment by moment", "itTbUsX7YZu-00255-00089830-00090180": "an hour can start to stretch into a very long time", "itTbUsX7YZu-00256-00090202-00090382": "make it a beautiful hour", "itTbUsX7YZu-00257-00090770-00090910": "So remember to", "itTbUsX7YZu-00258-00090914-00091210": "enjoy your practice, enjoy your meditation", "itTbUsX7YZu-00259-00091256-00091506": "remember that feeling yourself", "itTbUsX7YZu-00260-00091516-00092000": "and returning - the consciousness returning to your own experience", "itTbUsX7YZu-00261-00092036-00092244": "can be somewhat unconfortable", "itTbUsX7YZu-00262-00092246-00092430": "until you get used to it", "itTbUsX7YZu-00263-00092450-00092746": "But you can make it into something beautiful"}}, {"audio_id": "itZHaqxYUf0", "text": {"itZHaqxYUf0-00000-00000000-00017568": "BUY BEATS HERE - SOUNDCLICK.COM/PROFFENY * SUBSRCRIBE ME *"}}, {"audio_id": "iu2WZ2wXZVc", "text": {"iu2WZ2wXZVc-00000-00000001-00000311": "[anchor 1] A Toronto woman says she camps outside her daughter's school", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00001-00000313-00000633": "each day all day in case her child needs help.", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00002-00000634-00000887": "[anchor 2] The teen lives with a condition that affects her mobility,", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00003-00000889-00001126": "and her school struggles with accommodation.", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00004-00001151-00001412": "CTV's Andrew Brennan reports on their story", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00005-00001431-00001604": "and what they hope can be done.", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00006-00001605-00001801": "[Michelle Cousins] Honey, do you need me right now?", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00007-00001802-00002084": "[Andrew Brennan] You can find Michelle Cousins here every school day", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00008-00002103-00002381": "in her van, down the street from her daughter's school.", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00009-00002401-00002687": "Colette is 14 years old, in grade nine.", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00010-00002708-00003085": "She has arthrogryposis, which affects her mobility.", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00011-00003087-00003297": "[Cousins] I'm the one who greets her when she gets off the bus,", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00012-00003299-00003463": "I help her get into the school,", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00013-00003464-00003689": "I help her take her coat off, I give her a kiss, and she goes in.", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00014-00003691-00003940": "And then I hop back in my van, and I find a parking spot.", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00015-00003966-00004262": "[Andrew] She waits for her daughter to call to use the bathroom.", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00016-00004299-00004551": "Normally, it would be a task for educational assistants,", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00017-00004553-00004997": "but this, Cousin says, is the best way to ensure her daughter's dignity", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00018-00005019-00005229": "until the board finds a workaround.", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00019-00005262-00005591": "She says she tried to flag issues last October", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00020-00005592-00005966": "before Colette was accepted to Marshal McLuhan in May.", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00021-00005968-00006158": "Cousins says she was told in June,", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00022-00006187-00006407": "everything would be ready for Colette in the fall", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00023-00006434-00006794": "but found out otherwise the day before school started.", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00024-00006795-00006957": "[Cousins] Grab bars weren't installed,", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00025-00006958-00007152": "the elevator company didn't come in", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00026-00007154-00007367": "and inspect the inv- elevator to modify it.", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00027-00007380-00007654": "[Andrew] And of nine educational assistants at the school,", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00028-00007656-00007975": "only two, she says, are able to lift her daughter.", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00029-00008009-00008342": "If there was a fire drill, she says the plan she had to sign off on", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00030-00008344-00008668": "was leaving Colette in a stairwell.", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00031-00008669-00008976": "[Lepofsky] Students with disabilities are treated like an afterthought.", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00032-00008978-00009158": "[Andrew] An advocate who is on a committee", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00033-00009159-00009473": "to address accessibility barriers in education", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00034-00009475-00009938": "says the Ministry of Education has been sitting on recommendations for months,", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00035-00009980-00010346": "[Lepofsky] And individual parents from one end of this province to another", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00036-00010370-00010701": "have to keep fighting those barriers one at a time.", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00037-00010703-00010915": "[Andrew] Education Minister Stephen Lecce's office", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00038-00010916-00011335": "says its consulting currently with the Ministry of Seniors and Accessibility.", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00039-00011373-00011547": "The Toronto Catholic District School Board", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00040-00011548-00011841": "says it wouldn't comment on this specific case,", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00041-00011855-00012243": "but did say the school has an elevator, accessible washroom,", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00042-00012263-00012435": "and an operable Hoyer lift.", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00043-00012467-00012771": "Support staff are also available and assigned as needed", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00044-00012793-00013118": "to assist any student that may require accommodations.", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00045-00013119-00013371": "Cousins says she disagrees with much of that.", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00046-00013373-00013609": "Right now, she's searching for a supplier,", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00047-00013611-00013887": "waiting for new equipment to come, then test it,", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00048-00013889-00014076": "and then for staff to be trained.", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00049-00014077-00014240": "[Cousins] We're playing catch up.", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00050-00014241-00014410": "Now they're working tirelessly,", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00051-00014411-00014593": "and I do believe, individually, they do care,", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00052-00014616-00014784": "but I just sit there, and it's just a mess.", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00053-00014785-00015041": "[Andrew] Cousins says she and Colette picked the school", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00054-00015043-00015203": "in part because of the environment,", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00055-00015205-00015586": "the programming, as well as the administration and staff,", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00056-00015587-00015823": "but she says that she expects to be waiting", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00057-00015825-00016166": "outside of the school in her van just in case her daughter needs her", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00058-00016168-00016385": "at least until Christmas for the resources", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00059-00016413-00016817": "that she says are needed for her daughter to attend school independently.", "iu2WZ2wXZVc-00060-00016859-00017081": "Andrew Brennan, CTV News."}}, {"audio_id": "iugZigTKtsU", "text": {"iugZigTKtsU-00000-00000096-00000536": "Today on the heartbeat we introduce you to world-renowned physician-scientist Dr", "iugZigTKtsU-00001-00000536-00001176": "Emerson Perin, a graduate of THI's prestigious interventional cardiology fellowship program", "iugZigTKtsU-00002-00001176-00001607": "who today serves as the Medical Director of the Texas Heart Institute.", "iugZigTKtsU-00003-00001607-00002144": "We sat down with Dr Perin to learn more about how a Brazilian-born violin major", "iugZigTKtsU-00004-00002144-00002720": "chose to become a doctor later earning a PhD and going on to become a world-recognized", "iugZigTKtsU-00005-00002720-00003176": "leader in the development of stem cell therapies for cardiovascular diseases.", "iugZigTKtsU-00006-00003456-00003896": "Hello Dr Perin. Thank you so much for being here with us today. Thank you. It's a pleasure to", "iugZigTKtsU-00007-00003896-00004720": "be here. Thank you. So tell me about the current initiatives aimed to advance patient care at THI.", "iugZigTKtsU-00008-00004808-00005392": "Well um that's it's very interesting that you ask that because most people have the perception", "iugZigTKtsU-00009-00005392-00006032": "uh that THI - given it's, you know, world leadership in - historically with Dr Cooley and", "iugZigTKtsU-00010-00006032-00006512": "all the surgeons and the transplant programs and everything that's happened here over the years -", "iugZigTKtsU-00011-00006512-00007344": "is a medical entity, and it actually used to be, but back in 1967, Dr Cooley gave the clinical", "iugZigTKtsU-00012-00007344-00007992": "charter of Texas Heart Institute to St Luke's Episcopal Hospital and only recently we've taken", "iugZigTKtsU-00013-00007992-00008840": "it back. and or or you know re-initiated THI as a clinical organization and so now in addition to", "iugZigTKtsU-00014-00008840-00009488": "research and education which we've done and we're very well known for we now have uh the Texas Heart", "iugZigTKtsU-00015-00009488-00009984": "Institute as a clinical entity and as part of that clinical entity the Texas Heart Medical Group then", "iugZigTKtsU-00016-00010112-00010752": "has physicians that are Texas Heart physicians. For two decades Dr Perin and his teams have", "iugZigTKtsU-00017-00010752-00011184": "explored the regenerative properties of stem cells to improve treatment options", "iugZigTKtsU-00018-00011184-00011768": "and even reverse the effects of disease or damage to the heart. 20 years later the first approved", "iugZigTKtsU-00019-00011768-00012360": "treatments for some of the most devastating heart conditions could be just around the corner. So", "iugZigTKtsU-00020-00012360-00013080": "for the last 20 plus years you know you have been an integral part in stem cell development and uh", "iugZigTKtsU-00021-00013080-00013656": "really using stem cells to advance cardiovascular health and care. Can you tell me more about that?", "iugZigTKtsU-00022-00013719-00014288": "Yeah well um yes we have been working on this for a long time since that pretty much day one", "iugZigTKtsU-00023-00014368-00014904": "since we treated the first patient with stem cells in their own heart back in 2001 so it's", "iugZigTKtsU-00024-00014904-00015640": "been quite a journey. The potential for stem cells in medicine is intuitive it's obvious but", "iugZigTKtsU-00025-00015640-00016416": "the real trick here is how do we do it? And and that is tricky because uh these processes think", "iugZigTKtsU-00026-00016416-00016888": "you know when we think about uh treating people with medications you know medications are a little", "iugZigTKtsU-00027-00016888-00017424": "chemical formulas and and even doing that is complicated you go through a long process to", "iugZigTKtsU-00028-00017424-00018112": "get new medications approved. Well, think about a biological you know living entity which is a cell", "iugZigTKtsU-00029-00018112-00018656": "and all the interactions that that cell has when you put it in a tissue and what and the effects", "iugZigTKtsU-00030-00018656-00019288": "that it's going to have so it's taken us decades literally and will take us even more to understand", "iugZigTKtsU-00031-00019288-00019848": "what some of these things are how they interact and how can we take advantage of this sort of", "iugZigTKtsU-00032-00019848-00020392": "incredible potential that we all have within us. Let's talk about quality of life for your", "iugZigTKtsU-00033-00020392-00021000": "patients. I mean you've got patients that because of these advances that you are an integral part of", "iugZigTKtsU-00034-00021000-00021416": "you know they're able to do things that they they weren't able to do before they're able", "iugZigTKtsU-00035-00021416-00021968": "to to live their lives more normally by you know snow skiing and going to disney world", "iugZigTKtsU-00036-00021968-00022520": "and you know walking on the beach and and doing all of these active things so so tell me how that", "iugZigTKtsU-00037-00022520-00023248": "feels to to to know that you are part of of giving people their lives back what we're doing really is", "iugZigTKtsU-00038-00023248-00023904": "is substituting creating some new heart muscle uh improving that pumping function the heart's a pump", "iugZigTKtsU-00039-00023904-00024384": "and if we can make it pump better well if if your heart now that wasn't pumping well", "iugZigTKtsU-00040-00024384-00024904": "is is really circulating the blood and the oxygen and everything you need through through your body", "iugZigTKtsU-00041-00024904-00025368": "in an effective way like it used to when you're a kid well you feel like you can do all kinds", "iugZigTKtsU-00042-00025368-00026248": "of things so we we have really seen some very uh impressive and uh very uh exciting things happen", "iugZigTKtsU-00043-00026248-00026800": "as people sort of regain their lives back after some of these successful stem cell treatments", "iugZigTKtsU-00044-00029039-00029408": "you're a doctor however there are some things that people don't know about you", "iugZigTKtsU-00045-00029464-00029976": "that i think everybody should know about you and that is that you build amplifiers", "iugZigTKtsU-00046-00029976-00030680": "and you race cars so tell me about that i i enjoy motorsports and we're lucky here in houston to", "iugZigTKtsU-00047-00030680-00031400": "have a cota which is a you know international formula track you know very close by so it's it's", "iugZigTKtsU-00048-00031472-00032272": "it's fantastic to be able to uh to enjoy that and and actually uh having uh motorsports is a very", "iugZigTKtsU-00049-00032272-00032920": "technical thing it really is about executing certain things as many people might know and", "iugZigTKtsU-00050-00032920-00033536": "the other thing i really enjoy doing is dealing with electronics and the vacuum tube is is an", "iugZigTKtsU-00051-00033536-00034288": "incredible thing and and it was in the 60s and 70s it was sort of substituted in a way by transistors", "iugZigTKtsU-00052-00034288-00035024": "which are solid state and small and miniaturized and very reliable but in reproduction of music", "iugZigTKtsU-00053-00035024-00035528": "and certain other things like guitar amplifiers and and even just listening to music systems at", "iugZigTKtsU-00054-00035528-00036240": "home the vacuum tube in electronics just sounds so much better so i love uh dealing with that and and", "iugZigTKtsU-00055-00036240-00037152": "and building these things for enjoyment favorite musician pat matheny favorite car to drive my own", "iugZigTKtsU-00056-00037312-00037768": "anything else you'd like to add that we haven't touched on no just stay tuned i mean there's a", "iugZigTKtsU-00057-00037768-00038304": "lot of exciting things happening at the heart institute and uh you know we are really standing", "iugZigTKtsU-00058-00038304-00038800": "on the shoulder of giants and we just want to take the mission of the heart institute further and", "iugZigTKtsU-00059-00038856-00039480": "and and and take it where it really deserves to be that sounds awesome thank you so much Dr Perin", "iugZigTKtsU-00060-00039480-00040344": "thank you for being here you're very welcome thank you for the heartbeat I'm Maya Pomeroy"}}, {"audio_id": "iurDtJ6Qng8", "text": {"iurDtJ6Qng8-00000-00001005-00001561": "The International Monetary Fund, or IMF, makes some of its data available online for free,", "iurDtJ6Qng8-00001-00001561-00001848": "including its Direction of Trade Statistics.", "iurDtJ6Qng8-00002-00001848-00002179": "To run a report, click Query.", "iurDtJ6Qng8-00003-00002179-00002572": "Use the options along the left to select the data you want to analyze.", "iurDtJ6Qng8-00004-00002572-00002960": "A small funnel appears when you hover over an option.", "iurDtJ6Qng8-00005-00002960-00003158": "Click the funnel to change the data.", "iurDtJ6Qng8-00006-00003158-00003657": "For instance, if I click the funnel next to Country I can choose which countries I want", "iurDtJ6Qng8-00007-00003657-00003757": "information on.", "iurDtJ6Qng8-00008-00003757-00004014": "I’m interested in Australia and Brazil.", "iurDtJ6Qng8-00009-00004014-00005235": "The table on the right automatically updates.", "iurDtJ6Qng8-00010-00005235-00005742": "I can click the funnel next to Time to choose the years I’m interested in.", "iurDtJ6Qng8-00011-00005742-00006160": "Next, I can click the funnel next to Counterpart Country.", "iurDtJ6Qng8-00012-00006160-00006603": "This allows me to get information on specific countries who have traded with my selected", "iurDtJ6Qng8-00013-00006603-00007034": "countries of Australia and Brazil.", "iurDtJ6Qng8-00014-00007034-00007873": "Finally, I can click the funnel next to Indicators to get information on imports or exports.", "iurDtJ6Qng8-00015-00007873-00008278": "Please note that the Direction of Trade Statistics gives you an overview of a country’s trade", "iurDtJ6Qng8-00016-00008278-00008699": "and does not allow you to find trade data for a specific product.", "iurDtJ6Qng8-00017-00008699-00009236": "You can use the website UN Comtrade to find that information.", "iurDtJ6Qng8-00018-00009236-00009603": "Once you have selected all of the data you’re interested in, use the options along the top", "iurDtJ6Qng8-00019-00009603-00009943": "of the table to modify how the data is displayed.", "iurDtJ6Qng8-00020-00009943-00010493": "You can display the data as a bar graph, pie chart, and more.", "iurDtJ6Qng8-00021-00010493-00010779": "You can even change the colors.", "iurDtJ6Qng8-00022-00010779-00011140": "You can also modify the title of data.", "iurDtJ6Qng8-00023-00011140-00011567": "When everything is formatted just the way you need it, you can click the wheel icon", "iurDtJ6Qng8-00024-00011567-00011902": "to share the data, print it, or download it.", "iurDtJ6Qng8-00025-00011902-00012309": "Because we only have access to the free version of the Direction of Trade Statistics, the", "iurDtJ6Qng8-00026-00012309-00012584": "Save and Download buttons will not work.", "iurDtJ6Qng8-00027-00012584-00012847": "Use the wheel icon to save the data instead.", "iurDtJ6Qng8-00028-00012847-00013841": "If you use the data in an assignment, make sure to cite your source!"}}, {"audio_id": "iuereL_vixA", "text": {"iuereL_vixA-00000-00000000-00000452": "This is a song, that when we have our special Grandparents' Day we like, if I", "iuereL_vixA-00001-00000452-00000891": "pulled this one out, it's uh, teaches the kids how to conduct, as well, as it's a", "iuereL_vixA-00002-00000891-00001205": "fun song and they really get into it, and they bop to it, and they'll sing along", "iuereL_vixA-00003-00001205-00001709": "once they've learned it. It does teach sequencing and there's some returning", "iuereL_vixA-00004-00001709-00002274": "some pattern to it as well. You can adapt this to your local thing, and you don't", "iuereL_vixA-00005-00002274-00002600": "have to use the song we learned, it's just the idea. These are just hand-drawn", "iuereL_vixA-00006-00002600-00003350": "pictures for Kansas, and pictures that go along with the lyrics of the song.", "iuereL_vixA-00007-00003350-00003759": "Jayhawk that's what were called from Kansas, and then these are Kansas symbols, the", "iuereL_vixA-00008-00003759-00004329": "cottonwood tree, the Meadowlark, the Western Meadowlark, the wheat because", "iuereL_vixA-00009-00004329-00004692": "Kansas is known for its wheat, and then the sunflower, is the state flower. You", "iuereL_vixA-00010-00004692-00005055": "could use whatever song locally, and you can make your own pictures of your own", "iuereL_vixA-00011-00005055-00005619": "symbols. Right, so after I've gone through the song a few times, showing the", "iuereL_vixA-00012-00005619-00005985": "students the pictures, then I'll lay them out. Sometimes as I'm singing, sometimes", "iuereL_vixA-00013-00005985-00006734": "I'll lay them out and then sing, and then we start like this. Play my banjo,", "iuereL_vixA-00014-00006734-00007229": "and i'm going to add hand motions to this, and have the kids do that with me", "iuereL_vixA-00015-00007229-00008034": "as they learn them. I live in Kansas, my home is Kansas, it's the place in the", "iuereL_vixA-00016-00008034-00008782": "west where the people are the best. I live in Kansas, my home is Kansas. I'm a", "iuereL_vixA-00017-00008782-00009759": "Jayhawker through and through. Cottonwood trees swaying in the breeze, listen to", "iuereL_vixA-00018-00009759-00010739": "the Meadowlark song, waiving wheat, smelling oh so sweet. Sunflowers tall and", "iuereL_vixA-00019-00010739-00011589": "strong. I live in Kansas, my home is Kansas, it's the place in the west where", "iuereL_vixA-00020-00011589-00012375": "the people are the best. I live in Kansas, my home is Kansas, I'm a Jayhawker", "iuereL_vixA-00021-00012375-00012863": "through and through. So, then I'll say either play your banjo. or ride your", "iuereL_vixA-00022-00012863-00013097": "horse.", "iuereL_vixA-00023-00013105-00013583": "So, and they'll do that and the fun thing on this, is when they get there, they have", "iuereL_vixA-00024-00013583-00013883": "to run all the way back to the beginning, and then finish it. And, so the kids like", "iuereL_vixA-00025-00013883-00014222": "that. Once again I'll have a student on this side and another student on that", "iuereL_vixA-00026-00014222-00014832": "side facing them for the conducting"}}, {"audio_id": "iueYms1tRyI", "text": {"iueYms1tRyI-00000-00002513-00002743": "OCT 31,Saturday", "iueYms1tRyI-00001-00002743-00002933": "Who", "iueYms1tRyI-00002-00002933-00003279": "woke me up?", "iueYms1tRyI-00003-00003279-00003626": "I was planning to sleep late this morning,", "iueYms1tRyI-00004-00003626-00003910": "but I woke up early because of the construction noise.", "iueYms1tRyI-00005-00003910-00004203": "I organize my bedding.", "iueYms1tRyI-00006-00004203-00004486": "Let's have breakfast.", "iueYms1tRyI-00007-00004486-00004983": "I bought a port for drip, but I've never used it before.", "iueYms1tRyI-00008-00004983-00005280": "I eat soup every morning these days.", "iueYms1tRyI-00009-00005280-00005603": "All I need to do is pour the boiled water.", "iueYms1tRyI-00010-00005603-00005833": "My small healing point these days is", "iueYms1tRyI-00011-00005833-00006150": "eating warm soup", "iueYms1tRyI-00012-00006150-00006453": "with cold wind.", "iueYms1tRyI-00013-00006453-00006750": "Pour hot water into the soup powder", "iueYms1tRyI-00014-00006750-00007126": "and mix roughly.", "iueYms1tRyI-00015-00007476-00007806": "I was very busy until yesterday.", "iueYms1tRyI-00016-00007806-00008170": "I'm going to rest after work today.", "iueYms1tRyI-00017-00008520-00009026": "Half soup and half lump.", "iueYms1tRyI-00018-00009026-00009340": "After washing the dish,", "iueYms1tRyI-00019-00009340-00009706": "I'm going to throw this tumbler away.", "iueYms1tRyI-00020-00009706-00010176": "It's very messy", "iueYms1tRyI-00021-00010176-00010630": "because it's been used for a long time.", "iueYms1tRyI-00022-00010630-00011050": "I work while drinking coffee.", "iueYms1tRyI-00023-00011050-00011250": "The end,", "iueYms1tRyI-00024-00011250-00011606": "I check the blanket pad", "iueYms1tRyI-00025-00011606-00011973": "that I have not checked yet and it was delivered on Monday.", "iueYms1tRyI-00026-00011973-00012360": "I'll wash this.", "iueYms1tRyI-00027-00012850-00013173": "I pour a lot of fabric softener for a good scent.", "iueYms1tRyI-00028-00013173-00013506": "I also clean my house.", "iueYms1tRyI-00029-00013506-00013886": "And I organize my drawers.", "iueYms1tRyI-00030-00013886-00014203": "I just kept putting it in, and it's a mess.", "iueYms1tRyI-00031-00014203-00014513": "I have been to Busan for a week", "iueYms1tRyI-00032-00014513-00014886": "and have been busy ever since,", "iueYms1tRyI-00033-00014886-00015330": "so I didn't have time to clean up.", "iueYms1tRyI-00034-00015330-00015796": "The laundry is done.", "iueYms1tRyI-00035-00015796-00016140": "The sound of construction is making me tired.", "iueYms1tRyI-00036-00016140-00016510": "I thought it was a simple project, but it's been going on for a while", "iueYms1tRyI-00037-00016510-00016960": "I washed dolls, too.", "iueYms1tRyI-00038-00016960-00017300": "I've had some rest.", "iueYms1tRyI-00039-00017300-00017546": "Let's have lunch.", "iueYms1tRyI-00040-00017546-00017896": "I'll cook cream pasta.", "iueYms1tRyI-00041-00017896-00018183": "I don't like cream pasta,", "iueYms1tRyI-00042-00018183-00018493": "so it's not an ordinary recipe.", "iueYms1tRyI-00043-00018493-00018836": "First, cut the chungyang pepper.", "iueYms1tRyI-00044-00018836-00019180": "First, cut the chungyang pepper.", "iueYms1tRyI-00045-00019180-00019493": "I need onions,", "iueYms1tRyI-00046-00019493-00019806": "but there's no onions in my house.", "iueYms1tRyI-00047-00019806-00020330": "Make lemonade base while water boils.", "iueYms1tRyI-00048-00020860-00021286": "I also squashed half the lemon in the refrigerator.", "iueYms1tRyI-00049-00021286-00021750": "I adding honey to this and add sparkling water and ice at the end", "iueYms1tRyI-00050-00021750-00022153": "I put honey in it and sparkling water and ice will be added later.", "iueYms1tRyI-00051-00022646-00023093": "And later, I will add sparkling water and ice.", "iueYms1tRyI-00052-00023093-00023276": "Stir-fry bacon,", "iueYms1tRyI-00053-00023276-00023410": "1 spoon of minced garlic,", "iueYms1tRyI-00054-00023410-00023543": "chungyang red pepper,", "iueYms1tRyI-00055-00023543-00023923": "and hall pepperoncino in a pan.", "iueYms1tRyI-00056-00024296-00024543": "When the bacon is cooked, add noodles,", "iueYms1tRyI-00057-00024543-00024906": "a lot of garlic powder (important),", "iueYms1tRyI-00058-00024906-00025160": "a little milk,", "iueYms1tRyI-00059-00025160-00025376": "two cheddar cheese,", "iueYms1tRyI-00060-00025376-00025743": "and a little salt.", "iueYms1tRyI-00061-00025743-00026013": "Almost done.", "iueYms1tRyI-00062-00026013-00026233": "It's a little bit thick", "iueYms1tRyI-00063-00026233-00026600": "because I'm not put onions in it", "iueYms1tRyI-00064-00026600-00027003": "Lastly, sprinkle parsley powder.", "iueYms1tRyI-00065-00027450-00027796": "This is cream pasta hater's cream pasta.", "iueYms1tRyI-00066-00027796-00028226": "So thick.", "iueYms1tRyI-00067-00028226-00028680": "I know this is failed.", "iueYms1tRyI-00068-00028680-00029026": "But it is delicious because of its strong garlic scent.", "iueYms1tRyI-00069-00029026-00029583": "If I had onions, I could make the best pasta.", "iueYms1tRyI-00070-00029583-00029806": "I ate it all.", "iueYms1tRyI-00071-00029806-00030246": "And finish the meal with fresh lemonade.", "iueYms1tRyI-00072-00031130-00031593": "I wash the dishes.", "iueYms1tRyI-00073-00031593-00031930": "Good job!", "iueYms1tRyI-00074-00031930-00032376": "I unbox things I bought in Busan and received in packages.", "iueYms1tRyI-00075-00032376-00032810": "I was so busy that I didn't have time to open these.", "iueYms1tRyI-00076-00032810-00033190": "This is AESOP lip cream", "iueYms1tRyI-00077-00033190-00033503": "that my friend gave me as a present.", "iueYms1tRyI-00078-00033503-00033886": "My friend gave me a gift that I spent a lot of money in Busan.", "iueYms1tRyI-00079-00033886-00034233": "Moist", "iueYms1tRyI-00080-00034233-00034556": "I bought these at a prop shop in Busan.", "iueYms1tRyI-00081-00034556-00035170": "These are the postcards and posters I bought from Margarine Studios.", "iueYms1tRyI-00082-00035170-00035450": "So cute!", "iueYms1tRyI-00083-00035450-00035876": "And this is a baby axe that my friend gave me as a gift.", "iueYms1tRyI-00084-00035876-00036473": "I'll use this to cut butter and cheese.", "iueYms1tRyI-00085-00036473-00036863": "And these were delivered as packages.", "iueYms1tRyI-00086-00036863-00037280": "I bought a STANLEY bottle.", "iueYms1tRyI-00087-00037280-00037610": "I like the design of the HELIOS Bottle,", "iueYms1tRyI-00088-00037610-00038070": "but it can be used longer.", "iueYms1tRyI-00089-00038070-00038433": "I want to take this bottle for a fall picnic.", "iueYms1tRyI-00090-00038433-00038716": "Oh, here are the stickers.", "iueYms1tRyI-00091-00038716-00039000": "And I bought a new candle in two years.", "iueYms1tRyI-00092-00039000-00039396": "This is a Christmas Eve candle.", "iueYms1tRyI-00093-00039396-00039736": "Is it ok?", "iueYms1tRyI-00094-00039736-00040150": "This is a sweet cherry scent.", "iueYms1tRyI-00095-00040150-00040533": "My mini unboxing is over.", "iueYms1tRyI-00096-00040533-00040973": "I'm gonna put this poster on the closet door.", "iueYms1tRyI-00097-00041303-00041643": "If I hang knitwear for a long time, it will stretch", "iueYms1tRyI-00098-00041643-00042220": "so I switch it with a poster.", "iueYms1tRyI-00099-00042220-00042623": "And now I clean up my suitcase", "iueYms1tRyI-00100-00042623-00042980": "and wash my pouches.", "iueYms1tRyI-00101-00042980-00043296": "I'm a little hungry again,", "iueYms1tRyI-00102-00043296-00043686": "so I'll have a snack time.", "iueYms1tRyI-00103-00043686-00044083": "Bake the gink gonut in the air fryer at 180 degrees for 10 minutes.", "iueYms1tRyI-00104-00044083-00044510": "I want to eat 300 each, but I'm holding it in because of poison.", "iueYms1tRyI-00105-00044510-00044896": "If I can I wanna eat 300 of gink gonut.", "iueYms1tRyI-00106-00044896-00045290": "But I only eat 20 for my health.", "iueYms1tRyI-00107-00045290-00045636": "I really love gink gonut.", "iueYms1tRyI-00108-00045706-00046126": "Finish the work that I thought was over while drinking coffee with gink gonut.", "iueYms1tRyI-00109-00046126-00046606": "DOBBY wasn't free.", "iueYms1tRyI-00110-00047566-00048053": "The pouch is also washed.", "iueYms1tRyI-00111-00048053-00048293": "mY house is full of the scent of fabric softener.", "iueYms1tRyI-00112-00048523-00048830": "And the sound of construction is overflowing.", "iueYms1tRyI-00113-00048830-00049163": "I'm tired from the sound of construction all day.", "iueYms1tRyI-00114-00049163-00049586": "i eat more gink gonut and work hard.", "iueYms1tRyI-00115-00049586-00050020": "Gink gonut,,,The wood smells bad, but it's okay.", "iueYms1tRyI-00116-00050473-00050686": "The blanket pad is dry.", "iueYms1tRyI-00117-00050836-00051103": "Somebody stop the construction, please.", "iueYms1tRyI-00118-00051103-00051520": "I'm so tired that I'm taking a break.", "iueYms1tRyI-00119-00051520-00051863": "I fell asleep for a while and woke up again because I was hungry.", "iueYms1tRyI-00120-00051863-00052279": "I have a simple dinner.", "iueYms1tRyI-00121-00052279-00052640": "I couldn't afford to cook these days.", "iueYms1tRyI-00122-00052640-00052900": "So I bought Soy Sauce Marinated Shrimp and ate it with rice.", "iueYms1tRyI-00123-00052900-00053179": "A bowl of rice and six shrimps", "iueYms1tRyI-00124-00053179-00053393": "Perfect proportion.", "iueYms1tRyI-00125-00053393-00053853": "I'll mix the soy sauce with the rice.", "iueYms1tRyI-00126-00053853-00054176": "It's Lit", "iueYms1tRyI-00127-00054176-00054420": "I'm going to eat gim bugak, too.", "iueYms1tRyI-00128-00054420-00054723": "For me, gim bugak is like a snack.", "iueYms1tRyI-00129-00054723-00055016": "It's really delicious.", "iueYms1tRyI-00130-00055016-00055320": "My dinner is done.", "iueYms1tRyI-00131-00055320-00055633": "I ate all three meals with this menu one day.", "iueYms1tRyI-00132-00055633-00055950": "It looks delicious.", "iueYms1tRyI-00133-00055950-00056133": "Have a spoonful of rice", "iueYms1tRyI-00134-00056133-00056413": "and a bite of MARINATED SHRIMP", "iueYms1tRyI-00135-00056413-00056636": "and eat gim buckak.", "iueYms1tRyI-00136-00056636-00056926": "Perfect combination", "iueYms1tRyI-00137-00057056-00057440": "When it's too salty, eat fried eggs.", "iueYms1tRyI-00138-00057440-00057796": "When did I eat all of this?", "iueYms1tRyI-00139-00057796-00058220": "I'm too lazy to wash the dishes, so I'm looking at my phone", "iueYms1tRyI-00140-00058220-00058490": "After washing the dishes,", "iueYms1tRyI-00141-00058490-00058860": "I'm gonna share the cat food that I didn't do because I was lazy.", "iueYms1tRyI-00142-00058860-00059236": "These days, the number of cats in the neighborhood is increasing,", "iueYms1tRyI-00143-00059236-00059683": "so the food is decreasing quickly.", "iueYms1tRyI-00144-00059683-00060003": "I have it wrapped little by little", "iueYms1tRyI-00145-00060003-00060400": "and kept near my house.", "iueYms1tRyI-00146-00060400-00060853": "I'm done.", "iueYms1tRyI-00147-00060853-00061246": "I'm going to throw away the recycling trash and give the cat food.", "iueYms1tRyI-00148-00061246-00061579": "Enjoy your meal.", "iueYms1tRyI-00149-00061579-00062013": "I came for a walk in the park.", "iueYms1tRyI-00150-00062120-00062460": "Looking at the fallen leaves reminds me of something.", "iueYms1tRyI-00151-00062460-00062766": "Chocolate macaron.", "iueYms1tRyI-00152-00062766-00063090": "I'm here to buy macaroons.", "iueYms1tRyI-00153-00063090-00063406": "But I still don't want to go home right away.", "iueYms1tRyI-00154-00063406-00063803": "So I walk around the park once and go home.", "iueYms1tRyI-00155-00063803-00064276": "I tried to watch macaroons while watching Netflix at home.", "iueYms1tRyI-00156-00064516-00064876": "But I decided to enjoy Halloween vibes a little bit.", "iueYms1tRyI-00157-00064876-00065233": "I simply decorated the house.", "iueYms1tRyI-00158-00066096-00066196": "I'll have this macaron tomorrow.", "iueYms1tRyI-00159-00068480-00068716": "I watch Sabrina.", "iueYms1tRyI-00160-00068846-00069203": "I also change the color of the lights.", "iueYms1tRyI-00161-00069643-00070000": "Trick or treat!", "iueYms1tRyI-00162-00070000-00070446": "Beer and macaron don't go together.", "iueYms1tRyI-00163-00070446-00071016": "Gim bugak is good.", "iueYms1tRyI-00164-00071633-00072130": "Nearly-headless snoopu", "iueYms1tRyI-00165-00072130-00072696": "I fully enjoy and organize the Halloween atmosphere.", "iueYms1tRyI-00166-00072696-00072970": "This is the song that I listened to at Disney last Halloween.", "iueYms1tRyI-00167-00072970-00073310": "I miss Disney.", "iueYms1tRyI-00168-00073310-00073813": "I was tired, so I cleaned quickly.", "iueYms1tRyI-00169-00073813-00074116": "I ordered food to eat tomorrow online and slept.", "iueYms1tRyI-00170-00074140-00074480": "NOV 1st Sunday", "iueYms1tRyI-00171-00074480-00074820": "After organizing the food I received in the morning, I fell asleep again.", "iueYms1tRyI-00172-00074820-00075100": "It's going to rain all day today.", "iueYms1tRyI-00173-00075100-00075390": "I turned on the light because I thought it would be dark all day.", "iueYms1tRyI-00174-00075390-00075826": "I'll have soup too.", "iueYms1tRyI-00175-00076603-00077010": "And hot coffee.", "iueYms1tRyI-00176-00077480-00077990": "For the hard work of the bees, I even ate a drop of honey.", "iueYms1tRyI-00177-00078206-00078536": "It's my breakfast.", "iueYms1tRyI-00178-00078536-00078796": "I dropped the toast.", "iueYms1tRyI-00179-00078796-00079400": "I watch Emily in Paris.", "iueYms1tRyI-00180-00079400-00079870": "The toast is too hard.My front teeth are precious.", "iueYms1tRyI-00181-00079870-00080313": "My front teeth are precious.", "iueYms1tRyI-00182-00080313-00080723": "I enjoy drinking warm coffee mixed with honey these days.", "iueYms1tRyI-00183-00080723-00081053": "After breakfast, I lay back in bed.", "iueYms1tRyI-00184-00081053-00081503": "I eat yesterday's jelly for dessert.", "iueYms1tRyI-00185-00081503-00081893": "I received a package of body wash and cream.", "iueYms1tRyI-00186-00081893-00082333": "It's so dry these days that my body is even dry.", "iueYms1tRyI-00187-00082333-00082796": "I didn't wash, but I put on lotion.", "iueYms1tRyI-00188-00082796-00083173": "Let's have lunch.", "iueYms1tRyI-00189-00083173-00083570": "I'm going to eat webfoot octopus.", "iueYms1tRyI-00190-00083570-00083776": "Wash bean sprouts", "iueYms1tRyI-00191-00083776-00084066": "and lettuce and perilla leaves.", "iueYms1tRyI-00192-00084066-00084566": "Cut lettuce and perilla leaves into bite-sized pieces.", "iueYms1tRyI-00193-00084566-00084950": "Then boil bean sprouts in boiling water.", "iueYms1tRyI-00194-00085210-00085666": "Three minutes later, I'll take out bean sprouts.", "iueYms1tRyI-00195-00085666-00086030": "Leave a little bit of bean sprouts", "iueYms1tRyI-00196-00086030-00086156": "and add some red pepper powder,", "iueYms1tRyI-00197-00086156-00086326": "green onion,", "iueYms1tRyI-00198-00086326-00086530": "and salt to make bean sprout soup.", "iueYms1tRyI-00199-00086530-00086910": "Bean sprout soup is cooked.", "iueYms1tRyI-00200-00086910-00087143": "And season boiled bean sprouts.", "iueYms1tRyI-00201-00087143-00087290": "Add half a spoon of minced garlic,", "iueYms1tRyI-00202-00087290-00087573": "a little salt,", "iueYms1tRyI-00203-00087573-00087776": "a little sesame,", "iueYms1tRyI-00204-00087776-00088050": "and a little sesame oil.", "iueYms1tRyI-00205-00088050-00088356": "It's done.", "iueYms1tRyI-00206-00088356-00088690": "Then stir-fry webfoot octopus.", "iueYms1tRyI-00207-00088690-00089000": "Stir-fry a lot because the amount decreases when stir-frying.", "iueYms1tRyI-00208-00089326-00089596": "I only used onions for vegetables.", "iueYms1tRyI-00209-00089596-00089876": "I ordered trimmed onion by mistake because I was sleepy.", "iueYms1tRyI-00210-00089876-00090216": "Comfortable but not in good condition.", "iueYms1tRyI-00211-00090216-00090630": "Simmer until the soup is boiled down.", "iueYms1tRyI-00212-00090630-00090833": "Put bean sprouts on top of rice", "iueYms1tRyI-00213-00090833-00091086": "Then put lettuce and perilla leaves on top of bean sprouts.", "iueYms1tRyI-00214-00091086-00091353": "This bowl is smaller than my appetite.", "iueYms1tRyI-00215-00091353-00091673": "I need a bigger bowl.", "iueYms1tRyI-00216-00091673-00091926": "GOT7 - Just right", "iueYms1tRyI-00217-00091926-00092193": "Put webfoot octopus on lettuce and perilla leaves.", "iueYms1tRyI-00218-00092193-00092533": "I have to boil the soup more, but I just eat it because I'm hungry.", "iueYms1tRyI-00219-00092533-00092766": "The onion has increased the amount, so I left some.", "iueYms1tRyI-00220-00092766-00093153": "Add sesame oil last.", "iueYms1tRyI-00221-00093153-00093463": "My lunch is ready.", "iueYms1tRyI-00222-00093463-00093713": "Rice topped with webfoot octopus", "iueYms1tRyI-00223-00093713-00094036": "And spicy bean sprout soup.", "iueYms1tRyI-00224-00094036-00094433": "Mix well and eat.", "iueYms1tRyI-00225-00094433-00094710": "There were too many lettuce, so I added more rice.", "iueYms1tRyI-00226-00094710-00095023": "There was too much rice, so I added more webfoot octopus.", "iueYms1tRyI-00227-00095023-00095346": "There were so many webfoot octopus that I added more bean sprouts.", "iueYms1tRyI-00228-00095740-00096006": "There was too much topping, so I added more rice.", "iueYms1tRyI-00229-00096006-00096300": "It's almost 4 servings.", "iueYms1tRyI-00230-00096300-00096636": "I brought water because it was spicy.", "iueYms1tRyI-00231-00096636-00096916": "And put more sesame oil.", "iueYms1tRyI-00232-00096916-00097183": "I can eat it all.", "iueYms1tRyI-00233-00097183-00097500": "I can do.", "iueYms1tRyI-00234-00097500-00097853": "I ate hard until the last bite.", "iueYms1tRyI-00235-00097853-00098160": "After washing dishes,", "iueYms1tRyI-00236-00098160-00098546": "I go to the mart.", "iueYms1tRyI-00237-00098546-00098806": "But um,,,", "iueYms1tRyI-00238-00098806-00099160": "As soon as I left home, my cell phone turned off.", "iueYms1tRyI-00239-00099160-00099513": "I charge my phone and make a smoothie.", "iueYms1tRyI-00240-00099513-00099796": "milk", "iueYms1tRyI-00241-00099796-00100053": "vanilla powder", "iueYms1tRyI-00242-00100053-00100300": "2 Instant coffee", "iueYms1tRyI-00243-00100300-00100656": "Jollypong.", "iueYms1tRyI-00244-00100656-00101020": "Then blend it with ice.", "iueYms1tRyI-00245-00101020-00101386": "The person who made the Jori Pong smoothie is a genius.", "iueYms1tRyI-00246-00101386-00101936": "There is no room for Jollypong because the cup is small.", "iueYms1tRyI-00247-00101936-00102513": "I put Jollypong separately.", "iueYms1tRyI-00248-00102513-00102926": "I put Jollypong separately.", "iueYms1tRyI-00249-00102926-00103350": "My weight is increasing day by day.", "iueYms1tRyI-00250-00104408-00104658": "I ate 4 servings of rice and 1 large Jollypong,", "iueYms1tRyI-00251-00104658-00104949": "so I was full.", "iueYms1tRyI-00252-00104949-00105282": "I'll have a simple dinner.", "iueYms1tRyI-00253-00105408-00105825": "Heat the hard roll.", "iueYms1tRyI-00254-00105825-00106135": "These are the ingredients for hard roll.", "iueYms1tRyI-00255-00106135-00106569": "Cut the onions", "iueYms1tRyI-00256-00106569-00107099": "and bacon.", "iueYms1tRyI-00257-00107099-00107452": "I should have defrosted the hard roll at room temperature.", "iueYms1tRyI-00258-00107452-00107902": "I defrosted the hard roll with the air fryer and it became too crispy.", "iueYms1tRyI-00259-00107902-00108275": "It's all broken.", "iueYms1tRyI-00260-00108275-00108629": "I gave up the shape and cut it with scissors.", "iueYms1tRyI-00261-00108842-00109165": "Dig out the bread.", "iueYms1tRyI-00262-00109165-00109645": "I dug it up perfectly.", "iueYms1tRyI-00263-00109645-00110108": "Spread tomato sauce on the hard roll.", "iueYms1tRyI-00264-00110352-00110692": "Then add bacon and onions.", "iueYms1tRyI-00265-00111222-00111589": "Cover with mozzarella cheese.", "iueYms1tRyI-00266-00111902-00112329": "Then bake the bacon in the air fryer until it's cooked.", "iueYms1tRyI-00267-00113082-00113465": "Even if you're full, you'll eat this.", "iueYms1tRyI-00268-00113465-00113995": "Take out onions and bacon.", "iueYms1tRyI-00269-00113995-00114452": "Good.", "iueYms1tRyI-00270-00114452-00114905": "Emily in Paris's Gabriel is so handsome.", "iueYms1tRyI-00271-00114905-00115355": "I recommend you to watch it.", "iueYms1tRyI-00272-00115355-00115785": "I had apple juice", "iueYms1tRyI-00273-00115785-00116272": "and macaron for dessert.", "iueYms1tRyI-00274-00116272-00116685": "I had a complete rest at home today after a long time.", "iueYms1tRyI-00275-00116815-00117158": "Thank you for watching until the end of the day.", "iueYms1tRyI-00276-00117158-00117325": "See you in the next video!", "iueYms1tRyI-00277-00117325-00117532": "Goodbye!"}}]