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+[{"audio_id": "nnL20vvjolo", "text": {"nnL20vvjolo-00000-00000689-00000997": "Walking walking. Walking walking. Hop hop hop. Hop hop hop. Running running running. Running running running. Now let's stop. Now let's stop."}}, {"audio_id": "nnZ0uWlhuGc", "text": {"nnZ0uWlhuGc-00000-00000000-00000099": "my name is arjun,", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00001-00000099-00000151": "i came as an", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00002-00000151-00000319": "International student in 2014 from", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00003-00000319-00000415": "bangalore india.", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00004-00000415-00000512": "right now i have five", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00005-00000512-00000659": "years of experience in supply chain", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00006-00000659-00000864": "management and also i'm founder of", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00007-00000864-00001008": "fellow international student", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00008-00001008-00001215": "organization which actually helps", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00009-00001215-00001327": "international students and new", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00010-00001327-00001550": "immigrants in personal, professional", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00011-00001550-00001659": "and business development.", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00012-00001696-00001806": "Welcome to new video guys!", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00013-00001806-00001920": "In today's video,", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00014-00001920-00002040": "you all will get to meet", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00015-00002040-00002159": "Arjun Kashetty.", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00016-00002159-00002468": "Arjun worked in a big bank in India,", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00017-00002468-00002739": "by the name of Wells Fargo", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00018-00002739-00002958": "but he left his job there", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00019-00002958-00003044": "to migrate to Canada and", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00020-00003044-00003112": "started his journey as an", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00021-00003112-00003282": "International student.", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00022-00003282-00003522": "Today, he works as a Supply Chain Analyst", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00023-00003522-00003654": "in big company.", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00024-00003654-00003840": "Today, you all will get to know the scope", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00025-00003840-00003970": "of this industry,", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00026-00003970-00004131": "and his career progression.", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00027-00004131-00004366": "Watch this video to the end because", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00028-00004366-00004466": "it is going to be so informational for", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00029-00004466-00004623": "you all.", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00030-00005168-00005330": "my name is arjun i'm actually from", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00031-00005330-00005669": "bangalore india and i graduated from B.com", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00032-00005669-00005890": "and i also worked in a bank as a", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00033-00005890-00006123": "financial analyst for two years uh in", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00034-00006123-00006397": "bangalore and i thought of doing my", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00035-00006397-00006537": "higher education right after two years", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00036-00006537-00006752": "of experience and canada was one of the", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00037-00006752-00006979": "viable option in 2014 and i moved to", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00038-00006979-00007173": "canada in 2014 as an international student.", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00039-00007173-00007302": "one of the consultants in", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00040-00007302-00007475": "bangalore actually got me a seat in", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00041-00007475-00007729": "st. clair in windsor and it was a", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00042-00007729-00007963": "beautiful college and i went there but", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00043-00007963-00008107": "my friends in toronto told me like you", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00044-00008107-00008333": "know you come to toronto and windsor", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00045-00008333-00008506": "might not be the appropriate place for", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00046-00008506-00008667": "you to get all the part-time jobs and", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00047-00008667-00008849": "whatnot and one of the friend actually", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00048-00008849-00009050": "helped me to get a seat in st lawrence", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00049-00009050-00009216": "college in toronto i did my", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00050-00009216-00009375": "international business management over", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00051-00009375-00009550": "there you asked me why did i select that", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00052-00009550-00009743": "i have no idea why i selected because", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00053-00009743-00009955": "one of my friends suggested me to", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00054-00009955-00010112": "go there but within one year of", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00055-00010112-00010260": "education in st lawrence i did", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00056-00010260-00010477": "understand that i had to move out of", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00057-00010477-00010700": "that college and get a better college", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00058-00010700-00010969": "and seneca became one of the option and", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00059-00010969-00011131": "i got into supply chain management", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00060-00011131-00011392": "program in seneca in 2015. it is one", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00061-00011392-00011623": "year post graduate diploma programs so i", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00062-00011623-00011765": "did ibm international business", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00063-00011765-00012078": "management from 2014 uh to 2015 and i", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00064-00012078-00012272": "took four months of break and then i did", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00065-00012272-00012546": "the second program from 2015 to 2016", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00066-00012546-00012726": "which is supply chain management.", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00067-00012726-00012932": "My first part-time job was a factory and it", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00068-00012932-00013155": "was in a bakery where they were baking", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00069-00013155-00013363": "muffins and donuts and all of it all of", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00070-00013363-00013519": "these things coming from back home we", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00071-00013519-00013664": "are not really familiar with the donuts", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00072-00013664-00013848": "and muffins but i still went there and", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00073-00013848-00014036": "within one week i fainted in that", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00074-00014036-00014234": "factory because of the heat and eight", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00075-00014234-00014469": "hours of shift and that was a big", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00076-00014469-00014646": "realization that okay making money is", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00077-00014646-00014881": "not an easy thing in canada and then i", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00078-00014881-00015115": "kept on looking for better jobs i got a", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00079-00015115-00015344": "cashier role in pizza pizza within within", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00080-00015344-00015558": "one month and i was so excited but in", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00081-00015558-00015804": "the very first day they actually made me", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00082-00015804-00016015": "clean the washrooms uh in the pizza", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00083-00016015-00016291": "pizza so that was a big eye-opener for", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00084-00016291-00016474": "me in canada that", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00085-00016474-00016660": "titles doesn't matter they actually make", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00086-00016660-00016927": "you do everything if they pay you", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00087-00016927-00017142": "i did that for almost two months i was a", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00088-00017142-00017379": "cashier i was a dishwasher i was a cook", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00089-00017379-00017701": "i was a cleaner it's all around and", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00090-00017701-00017883": "eventually i got a call center role in", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00091-00017883-00018196": "2014 or 2000 starting of 2015 itself it", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00092-00018196-00018441": "was in a research call center i just go", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00093-00018441-00018660": "there and pick up those scripts and call", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00094-00018660-00018874": "the customers asking their feedback", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00095-00018874-00019085": "survey and all these kind of things and", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00096-00019085-00019255": "it was a big shocker for me because", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00097-00019255-00019505": "coming from bangalore in an mnc it's a", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00098-00019505-00019831": "beautiful beautiful structure a lot of", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00099-00019831-00020024": "you you get the free coffee and the", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00100-00020024-00020258": "systems are good your boss takes you to", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00101-00020258-00020451": "the pub in the weekend and whatnot but", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00102-00020451-00020709": "here in call center in toronto i saw", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00103-00020709-00021079": "1998 windows big doomed computers with", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00104-00021079-00021270": "broken headphones and that's how i had", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00105-00021270-00021447": "to start my journey in call center but", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00106-00021447-00021640": "still did that for two months then", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00107-00021640-00021923": "eventually i got into security uh that", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00108-00021923-00022149": "became my ultimate part-time job in", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00109-00022149-00022378": "canada because security uh doesn't", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00110-00022378-00022604": "require a lot of physical abilities as", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00111-00022604-00022730": "well as you don't have to put in a lot", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00112-00022730-00022935": "of mental stress i did that for almost", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00113-00022935-00023147": "one and a half year so security was one", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00114-00023147-00023312": "of the best part-time jobs which i", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00115-00023312-00023488": "worked in canada canada is completely", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00116-00023488-00023643": "dependent upon supply chain management", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00117-00023643-00023833": "because we don't produce anything here", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00118-00023833-00024065": "we actually import a lot of things to", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00119-00024065-00024156": "consume here right.", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00120-00024156-00024248": "currently i'm working", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00121-00024248-00024401": "as a supply chain professional for", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00122-00024401-00024628": "sobeys. Sobeys this is the second largest", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00123-00024628-00024895": "retailer in canada so how did i find", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00124-00024895-00025076": "that job obviously through networking", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00125-00025076-00025302": "but before that i got i was working with", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00126-00025302-00025490": "walmart as a replenishment analyst", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00127-00025490-00025673": "before that i was working for another", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00128-00025673-00025876": "company called Acklands Grainger as a", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00129-00025876-00026114": "purchasing analyst and before that i", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00130-00026114-00026348": "worked in financial industry in", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00131-00026348-00026513": "india so", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00132-00026513-00026684": "the reason why i'm giving you all those", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00133-00026684-00026835": "background is because i was able to", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00134-00026835-00027067": "build large network uh by talking to", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00135-00027067-00027269": "people going to coffee chats and whatnot", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00136-00027269-00027403": "so which actually gave me a little bit", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00137-00027403-00027616": "of canadian experience from there on i", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00138-00027616-00027707": "moved up.", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00139-00027707-00027832": "so i work as a demand planner", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00140-00027832-00028082": "for sobeys. i replenish the products and", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00141-00028082-00028314": "services, i purchase the products and", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00142-00028314-00028669": "services, i forecast the demand for the", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00143-00028669-00028989": "sales, I also maintain the inventory", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00144-00028989-00029204": "I reduce the waste for the company and", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00145-00029204-00029452": "I increase the profits for the company on", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00146-00029452-00029601": "a daily basis.", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00147-00029601-00029736": "In layman's terms when you", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00148-00029736-00029911": "go to your website when you look for a", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00149-00029911-00030151": "product if it is available it is because", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00150-00030151-00030382": "i am doing my job if it is not available", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00151-00030382-00030642": "because i am not doing my job so i am in", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00152-00030642-00030849": "a nutshell i am a person who is keeping", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00153-00030849-00031045": "the product on the shelf at the right", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00154-00031045-00031240": "time at the right place with the right", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00155-00031240-00031448": "quantity when a customer comes in they", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00156-00031448-00031548": "can buy the products.", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00157-00031548-00031647": "so first of all a", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00158-00031647-00031897": "formal education is needed when i say", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00159-00031897-00032189": "that we have great colleges here Seneca", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00160-00032189-00032462": "Humber, Conestoga, Lambton and Centennial", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00161-00032462-00032699": "and georgebrown college so these colleges", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00162-00032699-00032892": "are providing beautiful one and two-year", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00163-00032892-00033134": "diploma programs in supply chain if", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00164-00033134-00033339": "somebody is planning to enter the supply", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00165-00033339-00033589": "chain management without any back back", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00166-00033589-00033823": "home experience or expertise this would", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00167-00033823-00034022": "be a beautiful course to understand the", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00168-00034022-00034230": "basics of it and from there on they can", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00169-00034230-00034471": "move forward because to get a first job", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00170-00034471-00034593": "you don't need a lot of fancy", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00171-00034593-00034812": "certifications in supply chain if you", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00172-00034812-00034949": "know the basic fundamentals and", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00173-00034949-00035147": "principles if you can get an interview", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00174-00035147-00035281": "and if you can crack the interview", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00175-00035281-00035439": "that's good enough because in the", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00176-00035439-00035600": "companies they're gonna teach you how to", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00177-00035600-00035805": "do the work they don't expect you to do", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00178-00035805-00035993": "everything by yourself because every", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00179-00035993-00036170": "company operates differently.", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00180-00036170-00036364": "5...10 years back there was no formal education", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00181-00036364-00036561": "for supply chain management right now", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00182-00036561-00036785": "based on the demand by the companies", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00183-00036785-00036930": "colleges and universities are", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00184-00036930-00037119": "recognizing supply chain as informal", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00185-00037119-00037359": "education a lot of new companies are the", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00186-00037359-00037545": "mid-size companies are recognizing that", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00187-00037545-00037700": "we need a supply chain team we need a", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00188-00037700-00037843": "supply chain manager we need a supply", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00189-00037843-00038068": "chain analyst who can", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00190-00038068-00038180": "increase the", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00191-00038180-00038328": "like you know revenue to the company cut", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00192-00038328-00038571": "the cost and all of these things so now", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00193-00038571-00038727": "it's a very growing industry and", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00194-00038727-00038944": "moreover i always give this example", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00195-00038944-00039205": "ripple effect so somewhere pandemic", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00196-00039205-00039372": "started let's say pandemic started in", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00197-00039372-00039668": "china but the grocery shelves in canada", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00198-00039668-00039865": "are empty because of that so now we are", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00199-00039865-00040075": "living in a global economy no matter", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00200-00040075-00040278": "what happens in a corner of the world", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00201-00040278-00040518": "the impact is in somewhere else so as", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00202-00040518-00040692": "supply chain professionals it is very", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00203-00040692-00040822": "important for us to understand the", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00204-00040822-00041062": "global economy and act accordingly so", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00205-00041062-00041262": "that way we can fulfill our customer", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00206-00041262-00041330": "needs.", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00207-00041330-00041463": "For a full-time job we can think", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00208-00041463-00041646": "about somewhere between $40K - $50K", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00209-00041646-00041875": "per year with benefits", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00210-00041875-00042028": "um assuming that you don't have any", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00211-00042028-00042180": "experience and you just haven't you're a", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00212-00042180-00042361": "fresher and whatnot so let's say you", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00213-00042361-00042541": "have some sort of experience between one", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00214-00042541-00042772": "to three years maybe you can look up to", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00215-00042772-00042971": "$50K - $60K per year kind", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00216-00042971-00043121": "of a role it's a pretty good salary in", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00217-00043121-00043268": "canada because the average income in", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00218-00043268-00043531": "canada is $45k per year and if", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00219-00043531-00043680": "somebody has five plus years of", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00220-00043680-00043862": "experience they can aim for", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00221-00043862-00044046": "$100k kind of the jobs.", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00222-00044046-00044224": "If somebody has an opportunity so", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00223-00044224-00044548": "opportunity uh is you got a visa you got", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00224-00044548-00044805": "your IELTS you have money i think you", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00225-00044805-00044995": "should take that leap of faith to come", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00226-00044995-00045094": "here", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00227-00045094-00045303": "there is no no way that you can fail in", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00228-00045303-00045494": "this country if you work hard obviously", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00229-00045494-00045662": "there'll be challenges obviously be much", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00230-00045662-00045820": "harder than what you think but if you", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00231-00045820-00046037": "work hard there's no way you can fail", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00232-00046037-00046178": "let's say for example you invested", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00233-00046178-00046360": "$30K......$40K", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00234-00046360-00046618": "of uh money to come to canada within", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00235-00046618-00046810": "five years you can recover that money", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00236-00046810-00046979": "and after five years you still don't", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00237-00046979-00047168": "feel like staying here you got all the", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00238-00047168-00047371": "experience international exposure the", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00239-00047371-00047591": "diversity and you can go back and maybe", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00240-00047591-00047777": "start your startup or get into a nice", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00241-00047777-00047985": "mnc in india so", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00242-00047985-00048187": "coming here would not become waste", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00243-00048187-00048375": "without coming to canada and without", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00244-00048375-00048582": "being independent i don't think i would", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00245-00048582-00048770": "have achieved what i have achieved so", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00246-00048770-00049010": "far so one advice for me if somebody is", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00247-00049010-00049149": "ready and they have an opportunity to", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00248-00049149-00049324": "come i would highly recommend them to", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00249-00049324-00049452": "come to canada.", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00250-00049452-00049552": "So, this was today's video folks.", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00251-00049552-00049734": "I hope you all loved the video.", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00252-00049734-00049951": "You all saw the conviction of Arjun", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00253-00049951-00050171": "how he left his job at Wells Fargo", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00254-00050171-00050312": "and worked menial jobs.", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00255-00050312-00050494": "and now he's working in a bigger company", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00256-00050494-00050770": "with an even bigger pay and with even", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00257-00050770-00050956": "more benefits and even better life", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00258-00050956-00051140": "structure so i hope you guys get", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00259-00051140-00051309": "motivation if you guys want to follow", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00260-00051309-00051570": "him he has great channels on youtube and", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00261-00051570-00051783": "on linkedin as well i'll mention all the", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00262-00051783-00051943": "social media handles in the description", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00263-00051943-00052135": "feel free to follow him if you have any", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00264-00052135-00052323": "concerns mention in the comments i will", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00265-00052323-00052518": "try or Arjun will try to", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00266-00052518-00052726": "address them and don't forget to", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00267-00052726-00052901": "subscribe because that's how i get the", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00268-00052901-00053104": "motivation of making even more content", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00269-00053104-00053222": "for you guys thank you", "nnZ0uWlhuGc-00270-00053222-00055200": "and Bye!!!!"}}, {"audio_id": "oosRfGfxR1g", "text": {"oosRfGfxR1g-00000-00000000-00000249": "there are 2 basic dimensions of the sale's effectiveness", "oosRfGfxR1g-00001-00000259-00000460": "and they will be discussed in this episode of 1-minute Fruga", "oosRfGfxR1g-00002-00000470-00000573": "enjoy!", "oosRfGfxR1g-00003-00000583-00001122": "sales cycle and customer knowledge", "oosRfGfxR1g-00004-00001132-00001318": "how does the sale work?", "oosRfGfxR1g-00005-00001328-00001565": "when I buy a windscreen washer", "oosRfGfxR1g-00006-00001575-00001717": "I decide in couple of seconds", "oosRfGfxR1g-00007-00001727-00001994": "buying a car I decide in weeks and months", "oosRfGfxR1g-00008-00001994-00002216": "moreover, if I buy it from a trusted friend", "oosRfGfxR1g-00009-00002226-00002357": "I decide quickly", "oosRfGfxR1g-00010-00002367-00002611": "if from a stranger, I need to think about it", "oosRfGfxR1g-00011-00002621-00002854": "how does it transfer to the sale's process?", "oosRfGfxR1g-00012-00002864-00002995": "well, there are these two dimensions:", "oosRfGfxR1g-00013-00003005-00003129": "triviality of the product", "oosRfGfxR1g-00014-00003139-00003364": "and relationship with the buyer", "oosRfGfxR1g-00015-00003374-00003628": "so if you're planning the sales process", "oosRfGfxR1g-00016-00003638-00003897": "then your challenging products to unknown markets", "oosRfGfxR1g-00017-00003907-00004008": "are planned for a longer perspective", "oosRfGfxR1g-00018-00004018-00004192": "and simple products", "oosRfGfxR1g-00019-00004202-00004341": "to clients with the relationship", "oosRfGfxR1g-00020-00004351-00004488": "are planed for a short period", "oosRfGfxR1g-00021-00004498-00004648": "so the 2 dimensions:", "oosRfGfxR1g-00022-00004658-00004691": "triviality of the product", "oosRfGfxR1g-00023-00004701-00004859": "and relationship with the buyers", "oosRfGfxR1g-00024-00004869-00005075": "are the frame of the successful sales"}}, {"audio_id": "oovOU6iY__u", "text": {"oovOU6iY__u-00000-00000074-00000383": "Module 3: Making the Connection", "oovOU6iY__u-00001-00000383-00000696": "Welcome to Module 3: Engage", "oovOU6iY__u-00002-00000696-00001007": "This module focuses around the essential question:", "oovOU6iY__u-00003-00001007-00001789": "\"What does interaction and learning look like in an online learning community?\"", "oovOU6iY__u-00004-00001789-00001998": "Engaging Students Online", "oovOU6iY__u-00005-00001998-00002511": "Creating and maintaining a community of learners is an especially important task for online", "oovOU6iY__u-00006-00002511-00002710": "or hybrid instructors.", "oovOU6iY__u-00007-00002710-00003164": "While there are many things you can do to bring students together while teaching your", "oovOU6iY__u-00008-00003164-00003693": "course, for now we will focus mainly on the elements you can build into your courses ahead", "oovOU6iY__u-00009-00003693-00003997": "of time.", "oovOU6iY__u-00010-00003997-00004491": "Discussions are not the only way to build community or to support group learning online,", "oovOU6iY__u-00011-00004491-00004989": "but they are currently a primary teaching tool for most online or hybrid courses.", "oovOU6iY__u-00012-00004989-00005414": "For the big picture, you will want to think about the fundamental ways students interact", "oovOU6iY__u-00013-00005414-00005858": "with the course material, their peers, and you, the instructor.", "oovOU6iY__u-00014-00005858-00006450": "It is important for students to not feel isolated in the learning environment.", "oovOU6iY__u-00015-00006450-00006871": "Student to Instructor Interaction", "oovOU6iY__u-00016-00006871-00007134": "How are students going to interact with you?", "oovOU6iY__u-00017-00007134-00007650": "Beyond correspondence (emails with questions) and feedback on assignments, it is important", "oovOU6iY__u-00018-00007650-00008012": "to create other means of student to faculty interaction.", "oovOU6iY__u-00019-00008012-00008313": "This can be done in a variety of ways.", "oovOU6iY__u-00020-00008313-00008847": "As you have hopefully witnessed in this course, I have not only interacted with you through", "oovOU6iY__u-00021-00008847-00009309": "the discussions and feedback on the assignments, but I have used the announcements to regularly", "oovOU6iY__u-00022-00009309-00009995": "update the class, announce new modules openings as well as reflect on past modules.", "oovOU6iY__u-00023-00009995-00010511": "Other methods that are utilized include sending regular emails to students (such as an email", "oovOU6iY__u-00024-00010511-00011075": "if they have not logged on in over a week or, if they submit something, an email informing", "oovOU6iY__u-00025-00011075-00011184": "them it has been received).", "oovOU6iY__u-00026-00011184-00011764": "The goal is to make sure the students feel a connection with you because when they are", "oovOU6iY__u-00027-00011764-00012500": "most in need, if they do not feel that connection, they are not likely to ask for help.", "oovOU6iY__u-00028-00012500-00012919": "Student to Content Interaction", "oovOU6iY__u-00029-00012919-00013226": "What kind of content do you want to provide to your students?", "oovOU6iY__u-00030-00013226-00013547": "You might want to consider a good mixture of materials.", "oovOU6iY__u-00031-00013547-00013959": "In online courses, students will expect a bit more from their courses than just reading", "oovOU6iY__u-00032-00013959-00014444": "the textbook and lecture notes.", "oovOU6iY__u-00033-00014444-00014952": "What other resources do you think are important for synthesizing the course information?", "oovOU6iY__u-00034-00014952-00015506": "You might want to look for good interactive websites, videos, podcasts or other resources", "oovOU6iY__u-00035-00015506-00016003": "that make their interactions with the content more engaging and more relevant.", "oovOU6iY__u-00036-00016003-00016387": "Student to Student Interaction", "oovOU6iY__u-00037-00016387-00016701": "How are the students going to interact with one another?", "oovOU6iY__u-00038-00016701-00017203": "Besides whole class discussions, what other ways can you foster student to student interaction?", "oovOU6iY__u-00039-00017203-00017864": "It is worth considering and developing this type of interaction.", "oovOU6iY__u-00040-00017864-00018344": "As the research shows time and again, students learn much from one another as well as the", "oovOU6iY__u-00041-00018344-00018444": "instructor.", "oovOU6iY__u-00042-00018444-00018936": "Additionally, in the online class, fostering community means students should have different", "oovOU6iY__u-00043-00018936-00019435": "means to interact with one another regularly.", "oovOU6iY__u-00044-00019435-00019904": "Benefits of Online Discussions", "oovOU6iY__u-00045-00019904-00020404": "Because of the shift in the roles of instructors and students in online and hybrid courses,", "oovOU6iY__u-00046-00020404-00020850": "intentionally bringing students together to support their learning is more critical than", "oovOU6iY__u-00047-00020850-00021078": "in face-to-face classes.", "oovOU6iY__u-00048-00021078-00021601": "Without discussions providing student-student interaction, online courses run the risk of", "oovOU6iY__u-00049-00021601-00022096": "becoming essentially correspondence courses.", "oovOU6iY__u-00050-00022096-00022612": "In well designed and facilitated discussions, learners report that being exposed to the", "oovOU6iY__u-00051-00022612-00023246": "thinking of their classmates helps them to develop understanding of course concepts.", "oovOU6iY__u-00052-00023246-00023613": "Instructors can also observe their students’ current level of understanding of the course", "oovOU6iY__u-00053-00023613-00024034": "content, and redirect or adjust their instruction as a result.", "oovOU6iY__u-00054-00024034-00024631": "Finally, discussion serves as one of the ways for students to feel part of a class community", "oovOU6iY__u-00055-00024631-00025160": "and most students find this type of community support helps them significantly in being", "oovOU6iY__u-00056-00025160-00025654": "successful in online courses.", "oovOU6iY__u-00057-00025654-00026010": "Discussion Roles and Components", "oovOU6iY__u-00058-00026010-00026412": "Online discussions are very different than face-to-face discussions and they can play", "oovOU6iY__u-00059-00026412-00026527": "many different roles.", "oovOU6iY__u-00060-00026527-00027130": "They do not have to stand alone as a course component; they can support and/or be integrated", "oovOU6iY__u-00061-00027130-00027457": "with other course activities.", "oovOU6iY__u-00062-00027457-00028011": "Much up-front work goes into the planning of a focused, vibrant online discussion.", "oovOU6iY__u-00063-00028011-00028702": "Below are some of the components or tasks that need to be built ahead of time:", "oovOU6iY__u-00064-00028702-00029275": "Alignment with course goals Rules of engagement to create a respectful", "oovOU6iY__u-00065-00029275-00029806": "learning environment Guidelines to set expectations for student", "oovOU6iY__u-00066-00029806-00030683": "activity and faculty involvement Question prompt or discussion assignment", "oovOU6iY__u-00067-00030683-00031099": "Criteria for grading", "oovOU6iY__u-00068-00031099-00031568": "Discussions are generally worth a significant proportion of the grade; this becomes a necessity", "oovOU6iY__u-00069-00031568-00032120": "if we expect students to spend significant effort and time in using them as a platform", "oovOU6iY__u-00070-00032120-00032293": "for learning.", "oovOU6iY__u-00071-00032293-00032702": "Facilitating online discussions also requires a new skill set which is different in many", "oovOU6iY__u-00072-00032702-00033318": "ways from managing a face-to-face discussion.", "oovOU6iY__u-00073-00033318-00033759": "Best Practices - Quality Guidelines", "oovOU6iY__u-00074-00033759-00034240": "Learning Engagement Students are asked to introduce themselves", "oovOU6iY__u-00075-00034240-00034730": "to build learning community.", "oovOU6iY__u-00076-00034730-00035431": "Learning activities are varied and foster instructor-student, content-student, and student-student", "oovOU6iY__u-00077-00035431-00035549": "interaction.", "oovOU6iY__u-00078-00035549-00036221": "Learning activities should actively engage students with the course content.", "oovOU6iY__u-00079-00036221-00036678": "Technology tools and media should support student engagement and guide the students", "oovOU6iY__u-00080-00036678-00037254": "to become active learners.", "oovOU6iY__u-00081-00037254-00037855": "Expectations and requirements for student interaction are clearly articulated.", "oovOU6iY__u-00082-00037855-00037955": "Questions", "oovOU6iY__u-00083-00037955-00038594": "Please feel free to post them in Questions Forum or send me an email: lance.eaton@RegisCollege.edu.", "oovOU6iY__u-00084-00038594-00038992": "Thank you!"}}, {"audio_id": "ooNYGrG5z0u", "text": {"ooNYGrG5z0u-00000-00000491-00000826": ">> Close Reading Packs engage your students in structured,", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00001-00000826-00001207": "self-directed, collaborative discussions of high interest,", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00002-00001207-00001546": "grade appropriate, literary, and informational text", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00003-00001546-00001847": "to help them meet common core state standards.", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00004-00001954-00002357": "The Close Reading Packs feature cross-disciplinary content", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00005-00002357-00002558": "that will help your students practice", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00006-00002558-00002845": "close reading of text to get at meaning, collaborate,", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00007-00002845-00003146": "and share ideas using evidence from texts they read,", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00008-00003146-00003338": "think critically about text,", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00009-00003338-00003497": "and answer essential questions", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00010-00003497-00003635": "that lead to life-long learning.", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00011-00003870-00004221": "Each Close Reading Pack is organized around a key question.", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00012-00004302-00004676": "First, students read on their own one of four passages in a pack.", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00013-00004772-00005087": "Student's must read carefully to analyze or evaluate", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00014-00005087-00005298": "the text to answer the key question.", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00015-00005438-00005733": "Student response sheets with graphic organizers", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00016-00005733-00006035": "and text dependent questions support students", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00017-00006035-00006357": "as they come up with the best answer to the key question.", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00018-00006492-00006741": "After reading their individual passages,", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00019-00006741-00007034": "students come together into groups to discuss what they read.", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00020-00007101-00007400": "They must find evidence from all the passages", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00021-00007400-00007614": "that support answering the key question.", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00022-00007784-00008198": "Groups practice collaboration and teamwork using speaking", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00023-00008198-00008543": "and listening skills important for 21st Century careers", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00024-00008543-00008953": "and beyond to come to a consensus answer on the key question.", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00025-00009101-00009491": "Finally, the teach facilitates a whole class discussion", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00026-00009491-00009701": "and students read a connecting passage", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00027-00009701-00010016": "as a culminating activity to apply what they've learned.", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00028-00010106-00010289": "They discuss the connecting passages", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00029-00010289-00010607": "evidence for supporting or changing their class", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00030-00010607-00010781": "answer to the key question.", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00031-00010954-00011340": "Teaching tips contain many lessons on valuable comprehension,", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00032-00011396-00011526": "author's craft,", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00033-00011526-00011673": "or critical thinking skills.", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00034-00011756-00012127": "These skills sharpen students focus with note taking", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00035-00012127-00012607": "and re-reading strategies to achieve a deeper understanding of the text.", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00036-00012757-00012934": "The passages within each pack", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00037-00012934-00013226": "are level to help differentiate instruction within groups.", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00038-00013305-00013531": "Levels are represented by small dots.", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00039-00013586-00013965": "Generally, the low-level passages are one grade level below", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00040-00013965-00014202": "while the high passages can one grade level above.", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00041-00014354-00014608": "Close Reading Packets are a terrific resource", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00042-00014608-00014865": "to help you differentiate your reading instruction,", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00043-00014927-00015241": "engage students in deep, lively discussions of text,", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00044-00015303-00015687": "and meet critical, informational text, literature, speaking,", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00045-00015687-00016022": "and listening standards key to achieving success", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00046-00016022-00016141": "with common core", "ooNYGrG5z0u-00047-00016141-00016297": "and 21st Century skills."}}, {"audio_id": "ooOYPgQcS0u", "text": {"ooOYPgQcS0u-00000-00002735-00004287": "Julia Perez", "ooOYPgQcS0u-00001-00004287-00013538": "atau JUPE Menangis Curhat Kematian Ayahnya @ Campur Campur 3 Desember 2013"}}, {"audio_id": "ooWBN20RDco", "text": {"ooWBN20RDco-00000-00000000-00000246": "in the last video we started studying", "ooWBN20RDco-00001-00000000-00000100": "language change", "ooWBN20RDco-00002-00000000-00000260": "let's take a look at a specific example", "ooWBN20RDco-00003-00000000-00000220": "and let's look at how english has", "ooWBN20RDco-00004-00000000-00000160": "changed over its history", "ooWBN20RDco-00005-00000000-00000240": "english is an indo-european language", "ooWBN20RDco-00006-00000000-00000240": "this means that it's a member of the", "ooWBN20RDco-00007-00000000-00000070": "indo-european", "ooWBN20RDco-00008-00000000-00000174": "family of languages these are all", "ooWBN20RDco-00009-00000070-00000406": "languages that", "ooWBN20RDco-00010-00000174-00000526": "must have emerged from a single language", "ooWBN20RDco-00011-00000406-00000782": "and eventually all", "ooWBN20RDco-00012-00000526-00000966": "diverged over time the indo-european", "ooWBN20RDco-00013-00000782-00001046": "family includes major branches like", "ooWBN20RDco-00014-00000966-00001198": "slavic", "ooWBN20RDco-00015-00001046-00001414": "which has language languages like", "ooWBN20RDco-00016-00001198-00001590": "russian and polish indo-aryan", "ooWBN20RDco-00017-00001414-00001726": "which includes languages like hindi and", "ooWBN20RDco-00018-00001590-00001934": "punjabi", "ooWBN20RDco-00019-00001726-00002166": "uh iranian which includes languages like", "ooWBN20RDco-00020-00001934-00002382": "persian the romance family", "ooWBN20RDco-00021-00002166-00002630": "with languages like french and spanish", "ooWBN20RDco-00022-00002382-00002670": "the germanic family which are just", "ooWBN20RDco-00023-00002630-00002966": "like", "ooWBN20RDco-00024-00002670-00003038": "english german and dutch there's the", "ooWBN20RDco-00025-00002966-00003326": "greek", "ooWBN20RDco-00026-00003038-00003670": "branch the albanian branch the celtic", "ooWBN20RDco-00027-00003326-00003966": "branch of languages like welsh and irish", "ooWBN20RDco-00028-00003670-00004110": "so all of these must have come from some", "ooWBN20RDco-00029-00003966-00004254": "original language that we're going to", "ooWBN20RDco-00030-00004110-00004510": "call proto-indo-european", "ooWBN20RDco-00031-00004254-00004582": "that must have been spoken about 5 000", "ooWBN20RDco-00032-00004510-00004830": "or 5,500", "ooWBN20RDco-00033-00004582-00005150": "years ago somewhere in either", "ooWBN20RDco-00034-00004830-00005334": "southern russia or northern iran", "ooWBN20RDco-00035-00005150-00005574": "the descendants of the indo-european", "ooWBN20RDco-00036-00005334-00005758": "spread over all of this territory as far", "ooWBN20RDco-00037-00005574-00005974": "west as spain and the british isles and", "ooWBN20RDco-00038-00005758-00006238": "as far east as eastern india", "ooWBN20RDco-00039-00005974-00006390": "and over time because the people in", "ooWBN20RDco-00040-00006238-00006470": "spain couldn't talk to the people in", "ooWBN20RDco-00041-00006390-00006646": "india", "ooWBN20RDco-00042-00006470-00006878": "their languages started changing and", "ooWBN20RDco-00043-00006646-00007318": "diverging and eventually became", "ooWBN20RDco-00044-00006878-00007594": "all of this uh variety of languages", "ooWBN20RDco-00045-00007318-00007838": "this is a reconstructed", "ooWBN20RDco-00046-00007594-00008022": "proto-indo-european form for the word", "ooWBN20RDco-00047-00007838-00008190": "two so it was probably pronounced", "ooWBN20RDco-00048-00008022-00008462": "something like duo", "ooWBN20RDco-00049-00008190-00008534": "as you can see dua became diva in", "ooWBN20RDco-00050-00008462-00008854": "russian", "ooWBN20RDco-00051-00008534-00009142": "do in hindi dos in spanish", "ooWBN20RDco-00052-00008854-00009318": "and two in english so all of them we can", "ooWBN20RDco-00053-00009142-00009438": "see that all of them are related all of", "ooWBN20RDco-00054-00009318-00009614": "them have sounds like d", "ooWBN20RDco-00055-00009438-00009742": "or t at the beginning which is why we", "ooWBN20RDco-00056-00009614-00009886": "think that this one", "ooWBN20RDco-00057-00009742-00010174": "must have sounded with something like a", "ooWBN20RDco-00058-00009886-00010526": "d at the beginning", "ooWBN20RDco-00059-00010174-00010646": "so um english is proto i'm sorry english", "ooWBN20RDco-00060-00010526-00010886": "is indo-european", "ooWBN20RDco-00061-00010646-00011078": "but it is also part of the germanic", "ooWBN20RDco-00062-00010886-00011222": "branch of indo-european", "ooWBN20RDco-00063-00011078-00011502": "where we have languages like english", "ooWBN20RDco-00064-00011222-00011678": "german and dutch", "ooWBN20RDco-00065-00011502-00011862": "as languages changed from", "ooWBN20RDco-00066-00011678-00011934": "proto-indo-european to being germanic", "ooWBN20RDco-00067-00011862-00012198": "languages", "ooWBN20RDco-00068-00011934-00012382": "there were of course many changes in how", "ooWBN20RDco-00069-00012198-00012718": "they were pronounced", "ooWBN20RDco-00070-00012382-00012894": "for example these are the reconstructed", "ooWBN20RDco-00071-00012718-00013142": "forms for proto indo european", "ooWBN20RDco-00072-00012894-00013206": "father three and ten something like", "ooWBN20RDco-00073-00013142-00013662": "pater", "ooWBN20RDco-00074-00013206-00013758": "tre dekmt in greek latin and sanskrit", "ooWBN20RDco-00075-00013662-00014134": "we can see", "ooWBN20RDco-00076-00013758-00014470": "that they preserve the original sounds p", "ooWBN20RDco-00077-00014134-00014710": "t and d however", "ooWBN20RDco-00078-00014470-00014902": "in germanic in the germanic branch of", "ooWBN20RDco-00079-00014710-00014966": "proto-indo-european the land the sound", "ooWBN20RDco-00080-00014902-00015390": "changed", "ooWBN20RDco-00081-00014966-00015518": "the p became an f it lenided", "ooWBN20RDco-00082-00015390-00015742": "uh do you remember the phonological", "ooWBN20RDco-00083-00015518-00015982": "rules from week three lenition", "ooWBN20RDco-00084-00015742-00016166": "which is the softening of the sound so", "ooWBN20RDco-00085-00015982-00016254": "in germanic languages we have a", "ooWBN20RDco-00086-00016166-00016662": "lenition", "ooWBN20RDco-00087-00016254-00016998": "from a stop to a fricative fader", "ooWBN20RDco-00088-00016662-00017230": "fæder oe is old english", "ooWBN20RDco-00089-00016998-00017334": "we have another lenation from stop to", "ooWBN20RDco-00090-00017230-00017646": "fricative", "ooWBN20RDco-00091-00017334-00017950": "for the t trias in sanskrit but", "ooWBN20RDco-00092-00017646-00018254": "θreis and θri in old", "ooWBN20RDco-00093-00017950-00018566": "english we have a", "ooWBN20RDco-00094-00018254-00018622": "for d where we have a say dvoicing from", "ooWBN20RDco-00095-00018566-00018982": "d", "ooWBN20RDco-00096-00018622-00019102": "to t for example out of proto indo european", "ooWBN20RDco-00097-00018982-00019478": "dekmt we have", "ooWBN20RDco-00098-00019102-00019662": "deka decem and dasa in", "ooWBN20RDco-00099-00019478-00019814": "greek latin and sanskrit but in the", "ooWBN20RDco-00100-00019662-00020198": "germanic languages gothic", "ooWBN20RDco-00101-00019814-00020494": "and old english we have taihun teon", "ooWBN20RDco-00102-00020198-00020534": "so devoicing this chain of changes is", "ooWBN20RDco-00103-00020494-00020870": "called", "ooWBN20RDco-00104-00020534-00021118": "grimm's law for germanic languages so if", "ooWBN20RDco-00105-00020870-00021438": "the original indo-european word had", "ooWBN20RDco-00106-00021118-00021686": "this sound it became the next one", "ooWBN20RDco-00107-00021438-00021782": "if it had this sound like a d it became", "ooWBN20RDco-00108-00021686-00022078": "a t", "ooWBN20RDco-00109-00021782-00022110": "and so forth so there were many changes", "ooWBN20RDco-00110-00022078-00022246": "in", "ooWBN20RDco-00111-00022110-00022550": "on the path from being", "ooWBN20RDco-00112-00022246-00022782": "proto-indo-european to germanic", "ooWBN20RDco-00113-00022550-00022886": "eventually the germanic languages became", "ooWBN20RDco-00114-00022782-00023278": "one of them became", "ooWBN20RDco-00115-00022886-00023574": "old english as you can see a word like", "ooWBN20RDco-00116-00023278-00023618": "fish was probably something like pisk", "ooWBN20RDco-00117-00023574-00023938": "in", "ooWBN20RDco-00118-00023618-00024118": "proto-indo-european fiskaz in", "ooWBN20RDco-00119-00023938-00024286": "proto-germanic the language from which", "ooWBN20RDco-00120-00024118-00024526": "the germanic languages emerged", "ooWBN20RDco-00121-00024286-00024710": "by this time the grim law grimm's law", "ooWBN20RDco-00122-00024526-00025006": "had already taken effect", "ooWBN20RDco-00123-00024710-00025182": "and the word was fisc in old english", "ooWBN20RDco-00124-00025006-00025302": "from about a thousand years ago", "ooWBN20RDco-00125-00025182-00025598": "and by the way we can see it here", "ooWBN20RDco-00126-00025302-00026046": "written in runes fisc", "ooWBN20RDco-00127-00025598-00026414": "flodu the flood cast up the fish", "ooWBN20RDco-00128-00026046-00026558": "um so you can see how with these runic", "ooWBN20RDco-00129-00026414-00026742": "evidence we know that this was", "ooWBN20RDco-00130-00026558-00026886": "pronounced with an f", "ooWBN20RDco-00131-00026742-00027166": "about a thousand years ago the change", "ooWBN20RDco-00132-00026886-00027366": "had already happened", "ooWBN20RDco-00133-00027166-00027634": "old english as we saw in the last video", "ooWBN20RDco-00134-00027366-00027966": "was spoken in britain from between", "ooWBN20RDco-00135-00027634-00028342": "500 700 bce to about", "ooWBN20RDco-00136-00027966-00028414": "1066 1100 ce it was a language that had", "ooWBN20RDco-00137-00028342-00028614": "a lot of", "ooWBN20RDco-00138-00028414-00028750": "writing it had a very rich written", "ooWBN20RDco-00139-00028614-00028838": "tradition and from that we know that it", "ooWBN20RDco-00140-00028750-00029198": "had a very rich", "ooWBN20RDco-00141-00028838-00029342": "case system so if you've studied german", "ooWBN20RDco-00142-00029198-00029518": "remember all those cases", "ooWBN20RDco-00143-00029342-00029758": "that you had to study and how you had to", "ooWBN20RDco-00144-00029518-00029862": "match the adjectives and the articles", "ooWBN20RDco-00145-00029758-00030230": "and the noun for the", "ooWBN20RDco-00146-00029862-00030654": "cases that was old english se hund", "ooWBN20RDco-00147-00030230-00030654": "the dog would be se hund in the nominative θone hund in the accusative", "ooWBN20RDco-00148-00030910-00031670": "θæs hundes in the genitive of the dog and θam hunde", "ooWBN20RDco-00149-00031334-00031774": "for the dog in the dative and this is", "ooWBN20RDco-00150-00031670-00032086": "the singular", "ooWBN20RDco-00151-00031774-00032382": "the plural is also different too θam hundum", "ooWBN20RDco-00152-00032086-00032558": "for the dogs so it was a language that", "ooWBN20RDco-00153-00032382-00032894": "had a lot more morphological complexity", "ooWBN20RDco-00154-00032558-00032894": "and it looked more like german", "ooWBN20RDco-00155-00032966-00033406": "it also had a different syntax it had an", "ooWBN20RDco-00156-00033158-00033470": "sov syntax mostly it had a flexible", "ooWBN20RDco-00157-00033406-00033814": "order", "ooWBN20RDco-00158-00033470-00034182": "so that's why we saw many sovs like in", "ooWBN20RDco-00159-00033814-00034510": "he hyne gebidde he to him may pray", "ooWBN20RDco-00160-00034182-00034510": "or we sculen ure yfele θeawes forlæten", "ooWBN20RDco-00161-00034630-00035150": "we should our evil practices abandon", "ooWBN20RDco-00162-00034934-00035318": "and this is from where we get many older", "ooWBN20RDco-00163-00035150-00035686": "sounding structures like I thee", "ooWBN20RDco-00164-00035318-00035686": "wed which is after all sov", "ooWBN20RDco-00165-00035758-00036302": "old english also had double negatives", "ooWBN20RDco-00166-00036070-00036462": "it had negative concordance like french", "ooWBN20RDco-00167-00036302-00036558": "or spanish where you need two negatives", "ooWBN20RDco-00168-00036462-00037046": "to reinforce", "ooWBN20RDco-00169-00036558-00037046": "the negative effect like in he nowiht to gymeleste ne forlet", "ooWBN20RDco-00170-00037054-00037566": "he nothing neglected and not allow", "ooWBN20RDco-00171-00037414-00037790": "which to us would be translated as he", "ooWBN20RDco-00172-00037566-00038046": "allowed nothing to be neglected", "ooWBN20RDco-00173-00037790-00038374": "literally it would be he didn't allow", "ooWBN20RDco-00174-00038046-00038374": "nothing to be neglected ne mette he ær nan gebun land", "ooWBN20RDco-00175-00038582-00038950": "he didn't find any occupied land", "ooWBN20RDco-00176-00038878-00039222": "literally", "ooWBN20RDco-00177-00038950-00039254": "he didn't find no he he did not find", "ooWBN20RDco-00178-00039222-00039614": "no", "ooWBN20RDco-00179-00039254-00039870": "occupied land again these two", "ooWBN20RDco-00180-00039614-00039974": "don't like cancel each other out they", "ooWBN20RDco-00181-00039870-00040230": "reinforce", "ooWBN20RDco-00182-00039974-00040230": "one another", "ooWBN20RDco-00183-00040318-00040686": "old english had very intense contact", "ooWBN20RDco-00184-00040518-00040766": "with the languages from scandinavia", "ooWBN20RDco-00185-00040686-00041086": "particularly", "ooWBN20RDco-00186-00040766-00041246": "old norse uh which wasn't uh norse", "ooWBN20RDco-00187-00041086-00041518": "inhabitants came to britain", "ooWBN20RDco-00188-00041246-00041614": "between 800 and 1000 ce and they left a", "ooWBN20RDco-00189-00041518-00041814": "lot of words", "ooWBN20RDco-00190-00041614-00041982": "from the contact with their settlements", "ooWBN20RDco-00191-00041814-00042118": "the context was so strong that we even", "ooWBN20RDco-00192-00041982-00042438": "inherited pronouns", "ooWBN20RDco-00193-00042118-00042638": "the old pronoun they was hie", "ooWBN20RDco-00194-00042438-00042766": "but it was changed for the old norse", "ooWBN20RDco-00195-00042638-00043126": "pronoun θei", "ooWBN20RDco-00196-00042766-00043414": "which eventually became they words like", "ooWBN20RDco-00197-00043126-00043622": "dom which was the old word for law were", "ooWBN20RDco-00198-00043414-00043926": "changed for the old norse form lag", "ooWBN20RDco-00199-00043622-00044110": "which became law a perfectly nice", "ooWBN20RDco-00200-00043926-00044550": "anglo-saxon word was replaced with", "ooWBN20RDco-00201-00044110-00044958": "skil for skill", "ooWBN20RDco-00202-00044550-00045334": "in 1066 britain was conquered by", "ooWBN20RDco-00203-00044958-00045510": "french kings and so french became the", "ooWBN20RDco-00204-00045334-00045678": "language of the upper classes in britain", "ooWBN20RDco-00205-00045510-00045830": "for about 200 years", "ooWBN20RDco-00206-00045678-00046070": "britain was effectively in a situation", "ooWBN20RDco-00207-00045830-00046254": "of diglossia where french was used by", "ooWBN20RDco-00208-00046070-00046526": "the upper classes it was the language of", "ooWBN20RDco-00209-00046254-00046710": "writing of administration of law", "ooWBN20RDco-00210-00046526-00046950": "and english was the language of the", "ooWBN20RDco-00211-00046710-00047222": "commoners was language for common things", "ooWBN20RDco-00212-00046950-00047470": "this is why to this day we have a latin", "ooWBN20RDco-00213-00047222-00047838": "adstratum where our fancy words", "ooWBN20RDco-00214-00047470-00048198": "are french-like and our common words", "ooWBN20RDco-00215-00047838-00048494": "are english like in about the", "ooWBN20RDco-00216-00048198-00048534": "the 1300s middle english started to be", "ooWBN20RDco-00217-00048494-00048702": "written", "ooWBN20RDco-00218-00048534-00048902": "again and this is the time from where we", "ooWBN20RDco-00219-00048702-00049118": "get books like the canterbury tales", "ooWBN20RDco-00220-00048902-00049342": "french was gradually displaced at the", "ooWBN20RDco-00221-00049118-00049534": "time", "ooWBN20RDco-00222-00049342-00049718": "the major change that happened then was", "ooWBN20RDco-00223-00049534-00050038": "that middle english simplified", "ooWBN20RDco-00224-00049718-00050190": "the case system so the only", "ooWBN20RDco-00225-00050038-00050366": "case that was really preserved was the", "ooWBN20RDco-00226-00050190-00050686": "genitive houndes", "ooWBN20RDco-00227-00050366-00051030": "for of the dog which we still have", "ooWBN20RDco-00228-00050686-00051206": "we say hound's bone", "ooWBN20RDco-00229-00051030-00051390": "but other than that there's been", "ooWBN20RDco-00230-00051206-00051582": "leveling of the cases so that they all", "ooWBN20RDco-00231-00051390-00051910": "start to resemble the nominative", "ooWBN20RDco-00232-00051582-00051910": "so there's less complexity", "ooWBN20RDco-00233-00051942-00052374": "likewise there's sounds that begun to", "ooWBN20RDco-00234-00052126-00052510": "disappear for example", "ooWBN20RDco-00235-00052374-00052696": "these words must have been pronounced", "ooWBN20RDco-00236-00052510-00052822": "something like knixt and", "ooWBN20RDco-00237-00052696-00053094": "nixt", "ooWBN20RDco-00238-00052822-00053182": "where the gh did have a sound but at", "ooWBN20RDco-00239-00053094-00053406": "this time", "ooWBN20RDco-00240-00053182-00053518": "they must have started to be phased out", "ooWBN20RDco-00241-00053406-00053582": "of the language so that they would be", "ooWBN20RDco-00242-00053518-00053950": "pronounced", "ooWBN20RDco-00243-00053582-00053950": "knit and nit", "ooWBN20RDco-00244-00054118-00054510": "the summary what we have so far is that", "ooWBN20RDco-00245-00054262-00054742": "english is an indo-european language", "ooWBN20RDco-00246-00054510-00054934": "and it is in the germanic branch of", "ooWBN20RDco-00247-00054742-00055166": "indo-european it's related to", "ooWBN20RDco-00248-00054934-00055334": "german and other scandinavian languages", "ooWBN20RDco-00249-00055166-00055590": "old english was a language that was", "ooWBN20RDco-00250-00055334-00055654": "very different from english it had a rich", "ooWBN20RDco-00251-00055590-00055974": "system", "ooWBN20RDco-00252-00055654-00056134": "variable word order and double negatives", "ooWBN20RDco-00253-00055974-00056302": "english had very intense contact with", "ooWBN20RDco-00254-00056134-00056486": "languages like old norse and french", "ooWBN20RDco-00255-00056302-00056798": "which left us a lot of words", "ooWBN20RDco-00256-00056486-00056854": "and a relationship of formal words from", "ooWBN20RDco-00257-00056798-00056982": "latin", "ooWBN20RDco-00258-00056854-00057246": "and regular words from english that", "ooWBN20RDco-00259-00056982-00057398": "continues to this day", "ooWBN20RDco-00260-00057246-00057558": "middle english which was spoken in", "ooWBN20RDco-00261-00057398-00057782": "around the 1300s", "ooWBN20RDco-00262-00057558-00057970": "simplified its case system and lost some", "ooWBN20RDco-00263-00057782-00058270": "of its sounds like the x in", "ooWBN20RDco-00264-00057970-00058270": "night"}}, {"audio_id": "o0yqWeWNAWk", "text": {"o0yqWeWNAWk-00000-00000080-00000808": "Yoderite is a super rare, but spectacularly beautiful, mineral in thin section. It's this", "o0yqWeWNAWk-00001-00000808-00001392": "blue pleochroic mineral – blue to lavender here, high relief. Cross the polars,", "o0yqWeWNAWk-00002-00001536-00002984": "beautiful interference colors – absolutely spectacular!", "o0yqWeWNAWk-00003-00003112-00003879": "This yoderite – the blue margin – overgrows slightly pleochroic kyanite in the middle.", "o0yqWeWNAWk-00004-00003879-00004120": "There's a lot of talc around the outside as well.", "o0yqWeWNAWk-00005-00004184-00005784": "This again shows that spectacular pleochroism and interference colors.", "o0yqWeWNAWk-00006-00006200-00006823": "Same story with kyanite in the middle and the blue yoderite around the outside. I just can't", "o0yqWeWNAWk-00007-00006823-00008584": "get enough of this! This is so spectacular – one of my favorite minerals in thin section."}}, {"audio_id": "o0PnTNDtfhE", "text": {"o0PnTNDtfhE-00000-00000911-00001379": "So installation ended up being kind of", "o0PnTNDtfhE-00001-00001154-00001578": "hectic and I didn't get any real footage", "o0PnTNDtfhE-00002-00001379-00002208": "of it in progress but here", "o0PnTNDtfhE-00003-00001578-00002516": "is: A Study in Chaos. The problem was I", "o0PnTNDtfhE-00004-00002208-00002568": "messed up the measurement how deep it", "o0PnTNDtfhE-00005-00002516-00002895": "was.", "o0PnTNDtfhE-00006-00002568-00003041": "I had measured from up here to the back,", "o0PnTNDtfhE-00007-00002895-00003336": "but really I need to be measuring from", "o0PnTNDtfhE-00008-00003041-00003761": "inside the sill to the back and so they", "o0PnTNDtfhE-00009-00003336-00003957": "just simply did not fit before. I ended", "o0PnTNDtfhE-00010-00003761-00004223": "up driving home and cutting me off", "o0PnTNDtfhE-00011-00003957-00004359": "several inches on each of them. They", "o0PnTNDtfhE-00012-00004223-00004842": "now fit very comfortably because I", "o0PnTNDtfhE-00013-00004359-00004992": "wasn't going to do that twice! The", "o0PnTNDtfhE-00014-00004842-00005328": "operation is just the same as it was in", "o0PnTNDtfhE-00015-00004992-00005696": "the shop of course. Hopefully no entropy", "o0PnTNDtfhE-00016-00005328-00005876": "traps. I don't think I've gotten a good", "o0PnTNDtfhE-00017-00005696-00006149": "shot of this before but there's where", "o0PnTNDtfhE-00018-00005876-00006344": "the wiring for the power comes out of", "o0PnTNDtfhE-00019-00006149-00006822": "the bottom of the stands, nice little", "o0PnTNDtfhE-00020-00006344-00007097": "grommet hole. I'm using this old HP power", "o0PnTNDtfhE-00021-00006822-00007452": "supply. It's completely overkill but I", "o0PnTNDtfhE-00022-00007097-00007638": "love this thing, and I've never gone", "o0PnTNDtfhE-00023-00007452-00007920": "wrong with it so I might as well use it.", "o0PnTNDtfhE-00024-00007638-00008132": "I have no idea if you're seeing what I", "o0PnTNDtfhE-00025-00007920-00008507": "think you're seeing, but I ended up", "o0PnTNDtfhE-00026-00008132-00008646": "cutting these notches in around the", "o0PnTNDtfhE-00027-00008507-00009195": "holes that I had drilled for the wire", "o0PnTNDtfhE-00028-00008646-00009324": "because lifting these heavy panels up on", "o0PnTNDtfhE-00029-00009195-00009492": "top -- particularly on the tall one -- and", "o0PnTNDtfhE-00030-00009324-00009792": "then trying to thread the wire through", "o0PnTNDtfhE-00031-00009492-00010127": "it was a nightmare. So instead I just cut", "o0PnTNDtfhE-00032-00009792-00010127": "the slot, and it worked really well.", "o0PnTNDtfhE-00033-00010150-00010661": "They even spelled my name right! And we", "o0PnTNDtfhE-00034-00010485-00011034": "got to write a short little tweet long --", "o0PnTNDtfhE-00035-00010661-00011202": "tweet length statement for the piece", "o0PnTNDtfhE-00036-00011034-00011440": "which apparently they don't usually do.", "o0PnTNDtfhE-00037-00011202-00011825": "But they're trying it for this one so", "o0PnTNDtfhE-00038-00011440-00017658": "there you go, I guess that sums it up.", "o0PnTNDtfhE-00039-00011825-00017658": "[Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "o0QD4UyYIA4", "text": {"o0QD4UyYIA4-00000-00000008-00000434": "Happy Valentine's Day! You hear it every year...", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00001-00000534-00001218": "colorful hearts, greeting cards, candy, and stuffed animals line the aisles of supermarkets across the U.S.", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00002-00001218-00001568": "And other countries have their own ways of celebrating too.", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00003-00001607-00001988": "The pressure of buying that perfect Valentine's gift for your significant other", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00004-00001988-00002210": "is sometimes just too much to bear.", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00005-00002210-00002836": "Valentine's Day is a force of industry and has become known as a Hallmark holiday.", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00006-00002950-00003436": "But what exactly does Valentine's Day have to do with Saint Valentine?", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00007-00003436-00003984": "Was he the patron saint of Hallmark cards and sugar hearts with messages of love on them?", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00008-00003984-00004388": "Or does his story have a bit more depth?", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00009-00004388-00004934": "Let's find out some more about this dead Christian you should know about...", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00010-00005088-00005810": "St. Valentine was indeed a real person...or perhaps persons that lived throughout ancient Rome's history.", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00011-00005810-00006146": "Three have been sainted by the Roman Catholic Church,", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00012-00006146-00006620": "some potentially contributing to the St. Valentine character that has been created.", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00013-00006620-00007209": "For the most part, the records that detail the specific actions of St. Valentine have been lost", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00014-00007212-00007522": "most as early as the fourth century AD,", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00015-00007522-00007981": "taking this story of St. Valentine and turning it into more of a legend.", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00016-00008108-00008736": "However, there are some stories that stand out among all the rest as lending to the Valentine story...", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00017-00008736-00009440": "and they all share the same hero. His name was Valentinus.", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00018-00009562-00010090": "Our stories take us to Rome. The year is 269 AD.", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00019-00010090-00010812": "The Roman Empire is in turmoil and in the midst of what historians now call the crisis of the third century.", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00020-00010812-00011304": "Facing external pressure from barbarians, and large-scale migrations...", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00021-00011304-00011822": "not to mention an internal struggle for control, that has caused rebellions, civil wars,", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00022-00011822-00012072": "and a juggling of power throughout the century.", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00023-00012072-00012450": "Rome was in an increasingly difficult position.", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00024-00012450-00013086": "The Roman problem was very quickly becoming one of not having enough soldiers to fill their armies.", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00025-00013216-00013702": "And the current emperor, Claudius Gothicus, also known as Claudius the Second", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00026-00013702-00014182": "or, more commonly, as Claudius the Cruel had the solution.", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00027-00014232-00014650": "Claudius outlawed all marriages and engagements in Rome,", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00028-00014650-00015118": "and then forced all those who were not currently engaged or married into the military.", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00029-00015260-00015728": "Those men who had been married prior to Claudius's decree (the lucky ones...)", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00030-00015728-00016104": "were exempt and were able to continue living their lives.", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00031-00016191-00016600": "Rome had found its army in the midst of its cities and villages", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00032-00016600-00017070": "by pulling its men out of their professions and fields and placing them on the battlefield.", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00033-00017178-00017710": "These men would forego the potential for love and family... at least for a bit.", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00034-00017710-00018226": "...and hopefully not die on a Roman battlefield while fighting the barbarian horde.", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00035-00018226-00018628": "Enter Valentinus, the Bishop of Terni.", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00036-00018686-00019122": "Valentinus was a priest in Rome at the time of Claudius's decree.", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00037-00019254-00019938": "...Did I mention that he was a Christian? Valentinus was a Christian priest,", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00038-00019938-00020554": "which at the time -- while not completely illegal --  wasn't the most popular career choice.", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00039-00020632-00021180": "Valentinus, being the hopeless romantic that he was, decided that he would defy the decree of the Emperor", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00040-00021180-00021542": "and continue to marry those young couples who wished to be married", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00041-00021542-00022060": "either for love or (let's be honest) maybe avoiding conscription.", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00042-00022210-00022678": "Valentinus is said to have cut out hearts from paper to give the now-exempted husbands,", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00043-00022678-00023104": "as well as persecuted christians to remind them of their wedding vows,", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00044-00023104-00023636": "and of God's love in their time of great tribulation. Sound familiar?", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00045-00023738-00024148": "Sometime later, while under house arrest in the home of a judge,", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00046-00024148-00024428": "Valentinus was forced to test his Christian faith.", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00047-00024630-00025068": "The judge brought his blind daughter to Valentinus, instructing him that he would", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00048-00025068-00025524": "follow his every instruction if he was just able to restore the daughter's sight.", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00049-00025524-00026024": "Valentinis sat beside the girl, placed his hands on her eyes and prayed.", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00050-00026024-00026470": "He removed his hands from the girl's eyes a short time later to see them fully restored.", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00051-00026470-00026632": "She could see!", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00052-00026832-00027374": "Struck by the miracle that just been performed, the judge followed Valentinus's every instruction.", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00053-00027374-00027750": "He baptized his entire household. He freed his slaves,", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00054-00027750-00028072": "and destroyed all the idols to his pagan gods.", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00055-00028238-00028652": "The rumors of Valentinus's acts of miracles and kindness", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00056-00028652-00028927": "made their way all the way up to the top of the food chain.", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00057-00029026-00029477": "Claudius, the Emperor himself, issued an arrest warrant for Valentinus", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00058-00029477-00030145": "and imprisoned him for his crimes against the Empire,", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00059-00030145-00030692": "notably helping Christians and his defiance of the Emperor's decree against marriage Valentinus not being one to sit in his", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00060-00030692-00031148": "prison cell idle waiting for the time of his execution befriended not only his", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00061-00031148-00031908": "jailer but Emperor Claudius himself this friendship had its benefits for", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00062-00031908-00032445": "Valentinus giving him an opportunity to denounce his Christian faith and quickly", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00063-00032445-00033006": "be released from prison however rather than deny his Christian", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00064-00033006-00033555": "beliefs valentinus attempted to preach the gospel to the Emperor and was very", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00065-00033555-00034047": "quickly sentenced to death for his actions refusing to die after being", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00066-00034047-00034478": "beaten by clubs and stones a customary execution for Christians at the time", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00067-00034478-00034974": "Claudius had him beheaded at the flaw Mian gate likely to a crowd of tens of", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00068-00034974-00035481": "thousands of people legends of Valentinus tell a story of just prior to", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00069-00035481-00035937": "this execution when he healed his jailers daughter's blindness throughout", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00070-00035937-00036333": "his imprisonment he had grown close to this daughter and the jailer himself", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00071-00036333-00036868": "calling them friends upon his death sentence he left her note", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00072-00036868-00037552": "a note that was signed from your Valentine the Roman Catholic Church", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00073-00037552-00037936": "recognized the lives of three individuals for st. Valentine the prior", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00074-00037936-00038497": "story is attributed to one or all of them he was canonized in 496 ad with his", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00075-00038497-00039067": "observation day being the feast of Saint Valentine on February 14th these stories", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00076-00039067-00039454": "seem a bit far off from the teddy bears and heart-shaped candy boxes that we", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00077-00039454-00039889": "receive on this now Hallmark holiday but the deeper message behind st.", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00078-00039889-00040366": "Valentine's actions remain st. Valentine led a life filled with love for his", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00079-00040366-00040888": "fellow man doing whatever he could to open their eyes and see the truth of", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00080-00040888-00041416": "Jesus Christ their Savior forsaking all even his own wife for the sake of the", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00081-00041416-00041634": "gospel", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00082-00041703-00042278": "and that is why he's a dead Christian you should know about", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00083-00042278-00042788": "thank you for listening or watching dead Christians you should know about dead", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00084-00042788-00043235": "Christians is a publication of higher things incorporated all research writing", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00085-00043235-00043484": "and recording for this episode was done by me", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00086-00043484-00043994": "Patrick Sturdivant and all video animation was done by Sondra Madden for", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00087-00043994-00044390": "more information about dead Christians you should know about or higher things", "o0QD4UyYIA4-00088-00044390-00045130": "visit our website at higher things org happy st. Valentine's Day"}}, {"audio_id": "o0U1dOFQ9QE", "text": {"o0U1dOFQ9QE-00000-00000032-00000809": "During the Roman conquest of Britannia, modern-day Wales provided fertile ground for Celtic resistance", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00001-00000809-00001063": "to the advancing Roman legions.", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00002-00001063-00001775": "In a previous video, I have documented how the Silures tribe of ancient Wales fought", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00003-00001775-00002123": "fiercely against the imperial eagle.", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00004-00002123-00002867": "Yet they were not alone, as two other major groups resisted Roman rule on the battleground", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00005-00002867-00003083": "of modern-day Wales.", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00006-00003083-00003853": "The first group were the Druids, the mysterious and fascinating Celtic priesthood that held", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00007-00003853-00004171": "considerable power in ancient times.", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00008-00004171-00004984": "During the golden age of Celtic civilization, the Druids played a religious, legal, ritualistic,", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00009-00004984-00005173": "and educational role.", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00010-00005173-00005751": "They were also philosophers and were said to have ancient knowledge about the natural", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00011-00005751-00006021": "world, as well as the gods.", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00012-00006021-00006943": "To become a Druid, it was not uncommon to spend 20 years in training, with Julius Caesar", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00013-00006943-00007513": "writing in his time that the Druids were often educated in Britain.", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00014-00007513-00008227": "The Druids enjoyed many advantages in Celtic society, including being “exempt from military", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00015-00008227-00008775": "service” and not paying takes like other citizens did (Caesar 1982: 140).", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00016-00008775-00009386": "Furthermore, the Druids tightly guarded the secrets of their order, preferring to speak", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00017-00009386-00009864": "and memorize their knowledge rather than to write it down.", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00018-00009864-00010479": "This practice in part explains why very little written documents exist from ancient Celtic", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00019-00010479-00011102": "societies, which is frustrating from the perspective of studying history.", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00020-00011102-00011734": "This has meant that a lot of the primary sources from the golden age of the Celts were written", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00021-00011734-00012860": "by Roman and Greek sources, hardly impartial sources, particularly given that Caesar wrote", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00022-00012860-00013705": "about the Celts as he was bloodily conquering the home of Celtic civilization, Gaul.", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00023-00013705-00014444": "On occasions when the Druids did have to write however, they apparently used the Greek alphabet.", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00024-00014444-00015253": "When the Roman Empire invaded Britannia, Anglesey on the north-west corner of modern Wales was", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00025-00015253-00015875": "a Celtic stronghold and a major home of Druidism in Britannia.", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00026-00015875-00016547": "Furthermore, Anglesey became a major destination for British migrants who were fleeing from", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00027-00016547-00016937": "other parts of Britannia due to the Roman invasion.", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00028-00016937-00017581": "As the Roman historian Tacitus wrote about Anglesey, which the Romans referred to as", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00029-00017581-00018398": "the Island of Mona, it “had a powerful population and was a refuge for fugitives.”", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00030-00018398-00019122": "Given this, it was core target for the Romans, who went on to invade Anglesey twice.", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00031-00019122-00019895": "During the first Roman invasion of Anglesey in 60 AD, which was led the Roman general", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00032-00019895-00020731": "Gaius Suetonius Paulinus, the Romans were met and initially startled, even scared, by", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00033-00020731-00020999": "the enigmatic Druids.", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00034-00020999-00021648": "As Tacitus wrote about the exchange: “On the shore stood the opposing army with", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00035-00021648-00022484": "its dense array of armed warriors, while between the ranks dashed women, in black attire like", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00036-00022484-00022909": "the Furies, with hair dishevelled, waving brands.", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00037-00022909-00023784": "All around, the Druids, lifting up their hands to heaven, and pouring forth dreadful imprecations,", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00038-00023784-00024525": "scared our soldiers by the unfamiliar sight, so that, as if their limbs were paralysed,", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00039-00024525-00024917": "they stood motionless, and exposed to wounds…", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00040-00024917-00025508": "Then urged by their general's appeals and mutual encouragements not to quail before", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00041-00025508-00026343": "a troop of frenzied women, they bore the standards onwards, smote down all resistance, and wrapped", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00042-00026343-00026669": "the foe in the flames of his own brands.", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00043-00026669-00027492": "A force was next set over the conquered, and their groves, devoted to inhuman superstitions,", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00044-00027492-00027758": "were destroyed.”", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00045-00027758-00028479": "This initial invasion was halted however when Boudica rebelled on the east coast of Britannia,", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00046-00028479-00029252": "forcing the Roman troops in Anglesey to march straight back to Londinium to head off Boudica.", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00047-00029252-00030097": "Almost two decades later, in 77 AD, the second Roman invasion of Anglesey took place under", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00048-00030097-00030660": "the Roman governor of Britannia, Gnaeus Julius Agricola.", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00049-00030660-00031341": "The Romans were successful in this campaign, and Anglesey was brought under Roman control.", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00050-00031341-00032010": "The other major ancient Welsh group that resisted Roman rule that we are going to focus on was", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00051-00032010-00032810": "a northern Welsh tribe known as the Ordovices, who were active since early in the Roman invasion", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00052-00032810-00032985": "of Wales.", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00053-00032985-00033415": "The Romans had initially invaded Wales for a few reasons.", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00054-00033415-00034104": "Firstly, Wales was home to mineral deposits, including gold, copper and lead.", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00055-00034104-00034824": "Secondly, Rome was responded to raids against their allies in other parts of Britannia.", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00056-00034824-00035714": "An early Roman campaign in Wales came in around 48 AD after a Roman ally in England was attacked", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00057-00035714-00036286": "by the Celtic tribe of the Deceangli who inhabited north-east Wales.", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00058-00036286-00036645": "In response, the Romans attacked the tribe, seemingly conquering it with relative ease,", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00059-00036645-00037269": "although we know little of the precise detail of this campaign.", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00060-00037269-00037842": "In the initial period when Rome invaded Wales, Caractacus, also known as Caradoc, served", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00061-00037842-00038448": "as major leader of rebellion, utilising guerrilla warfare tactics.", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00062-00038448-00039099": "When the Roman Empire first invaded the lands of modern England, Caractacus, who was the", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00063-00039099-00039998": "King of Trinovantes tribe around Essex and Greater London today, initially fled west", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00064-00039998-00040587": "to the territory of the Silures to stir-up resistance after defeat in battle.", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00065-00040587-00041310": "From around 48 AD, the Silures fiercely resisted Roman conquest.", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00066-00041310-00042134": "After a few years however, Caractacus moved north to link up with the Ordovices tribe.", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00067-00042134-00042863": "He served as warlord of the Ordovices for a period and fought the Romans for years.", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00068-00042863-00043636": "Even decades after Caractacus was captured and sent to Rome in 51 AD however, the Ordovices", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00069-00043636-00043797": "continued to rebel.", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00070-00043797-00044599": "As late as 70 AD, the Ordovices once again rose up in revolt again Roman rule, destroying", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00071-00044599-00045184": "“nearly the whole of a squadron of allied cavalry quartered in their territory.”", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00072-00045184-00045711": "This provoked a strong Roman response, led by Agricola.", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00073-00045711-00045984": "As the Roman historian Tacitus wrote:", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00074-00045984-00046693": "“He collected a force of veterans and a small body of auxiliaries; then as the Ordovices", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00075-00046693-00047441": "would not venture to descend into the plain, he put himself in front of the ranks to inspire", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00076-00047441-00048168": "all with the same courage against a common danger, and led his troops up a hill.", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00077-00048168-00048432": "The tribe was all but exterminated.”", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00078-00048432-00049168": "It seems that the at least suffered heavy defeats against Rome, but they may not have", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00079-00049168-00049422": "been fully conquered.", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00080-00049422-00050134": "A mosaic map in the Forum in Rome that shows the territory of the Roman Empire does not", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00081-00050134-00050894": "include the north west tribal lands of the Ordovices, indicating that they have not been", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00082-00050894-00051122": "fully conquered.", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00083-00051122-00051896": "In general however, Rome went on to control at least the majority of Wales until around", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00084-00051896-00056208": "383 AD, yet they had to overcome fierce and persistent resistance", "o0U1dOFQ9QE-00085-00056208-00058329": "in order to do so."}}, {"audio_id": "o0c3boOgXCE", "text": {"o0c3boOgXCE-00000-00000200-00000500": "If the human reference genome had not been freely accessible,", "o0c3boOgXCE-00001-00000500-00001100": "understanding what genetic variations mean  would be a very costly affair.", "o0c3boOgXCE-00002-00001270-00001900": "Now imagine: if Tycho Brahe hadn't annotated his astronomical observations,", "o0c3boOgXCE-00003-00001950-00002400": "Johannes Kepler couldn't have used them to support heliocentrism.", "o0c3boOgXCE-00004-00002837-00003320": "If every database or tool had a license of its own,  researchers would have to", "o0c3boOgXCE-00005-00003320-00003615": "dabble in other disciplines.", "o0c3boOgXCE-00006-00003952-00004414": "If data was not curated by experts, it would get outdated or end up in the", "o0c3boOgXCE-00007-00004414-00004632": "wrong place.", "o0c3boOgXCE-00008-00004878-00005358": "And if resources, like the global encyclopedia of proteins UniProt,", "o0c3boOgXCE-00009-00005358-00005646": "were no longer funded...", "o0c3boOgXCE-00010-00006269-00006840": "Initiatives exist already to improve data reuse  - but data alone is not knowledge.", "o0c3boOgXCE-00011-00006900-00007476": "Thanks to quality databases researchers go further and faster.", "o0c3boOgXCE-00012-00007476-00008072": "Let's support them with the skills of specialized data scientists.", "o0c3boOgXCE-00013-00008072-00008654": "Let's turn Open Data into Open Knowledge, with your support.", "o0c3boOgXCE-00014-00008654-00009172": "SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics"}}, {"audio_id": "o128bUK8WOk", "text": {"o128bUK8WOk-00000-00000000-00000640": "In this video we're going to look at how we can find the inverse of a rational function.", "o128bUK8WOk-00001-00000641-00001617": "With rational functions we would need to clear the fractions by multiplying by the least", "o128bUK8WOk-00002-00001617-00002523": "common denominator. Once we do that we will put the terms with y on one side and everything", "o128bUK8WOk-00003-00002523-00003473": "else on the other side. That way we can factor", "o128bUK8WOk-00004-00003473-00004247": "out the y and divide to get that y alone. So for example we are asked to find the inverse", "o128bUK8WOk-00005-00004247-00005278": "of 2x minus five over x plus three, we now the f(x) is really y equals 2x minus five over x", "o128bUK8WOk-00006-00005278-00005873": "plus three and to find the inverse we have to change all the x's to y's and change the y", "o128bUK8WOk-00007-00005873-00007064": "to an x. So what we are really saying is we got x is equal to 2y minus five over y plus three.", "o128bUK8WOk-00008-00007064-00007978": "We want to get rid of the fraction by multiplying both sides by the denominator, y plus three. That", "o128bUK8WOk-00009-00007978-00008593": "way the y plus three will be gone and we will go ahead and distribute the x through. X,y", "o128bUK8WOk-00010-00008593-00009910": "plus 3x equals 2y minus five. Now that we cleared the fraction we would put the terms with y", "o128bUK8WOk-00011-00009910-00010470": "on one side and everything else on the other side. So let's subtract 2y from both sides.", "o128bUK8WOk-00012-00010470-00011188": "That would move all the y's all to the left and we'll subtract 3x from both sides. That", "o128bUK8WOk-00013-00011188-00011896": "will move everything without a y to the other side. Careful we only combine like terms 2y", "o128bUK8WOk-00014-00011896-00012819": "and x,y are not like terms. So we have ,y minus 2y equals negative five minus 3x. Those are like", "o128bUK8WOk-00015-00012819-00013650": "terms either. Now we can factor out that y to get the y in one location leaving behind", "o128bUK8WOk-00016-00013650-00014715": "x minus two and negative five minus 3x, and we can quickly solve from here by dividing to get", "o128bUK8WOk-00017-00014715-00015638": "the y alone. We'll divide by that x minus two factor. When we do we get y equals negative", "o128bUK8WOk-00018-00015638-00016498": "five minus 3x over x minus two. Now because this is the inverse instead of just saying y equals", "o128bUK8WOk-00019-00016498-00017630": "it my be better to say f inverse of x equals negative five minus 3x over x minus two. Let's", "o128bUK8WOk-00020-00017630-00018137": "take a look at one more example were we find the inverse of a rational function. Here g", "o128bUK8WOk-00021-00018137-00019009": "of x is 5x plus one over 2x minus five, remember the g(x) is the y part, equals 5x plus one", "o128bUK8WOk-00022-00019009-00019987": "over 2x minus five. Now we need to change the x's into y's and change the y's into a x", "o128bUK8WOk-00023-00019987-00021083": "to find the inverse. X equals 5y plus one over 2y minus five. Now we are ready to start solving", "o128bUK8WOk-00024-00021083-00021648": "the rational function or the rational equation for y, and we do that by multiplying both sides", "o128bUK8WOk-00025-00021648-00022598": "by the denominator 2y minus five. 2y minus five's divide out and when we distribute we", "o128bUK8WOk-00026-00022598-00024210": "get 2xy minus 5x equals 5y plus one. Now we need to get the y's on one side and everything", "o128bUK8WOk-00027-00024210-00024927": "else on the other side. So let's more the y's to the left by subtracting 5y and we will", "o128bUK8WOk-00028-00024927-00025933": "more everything else to the right by adding 5x. Now the y's are all on the left side,", "o128bUK8WOk-00029-00025933-00027112": "2xy minus 5y equals 5x plus one. Could of said one plus 5x is the same thing. The order", "o128bUK8WOk-00030-00027112-00027705": "doesn't matter I just like to put the variable first and now that we got the y's all on one", "o128bUK8WOk-00031-00027705-00028539": "side everything else out of the way we can factor out the y leaving behead 2x minus five", "o128bUK8WOk-00032-00028539-00029320": "is equal to 5x plus one, and then we can get the y alone by dividing both sides by the", "o128bUK8WOk-00033-00029320-00030700": "2x minus five factor. And we're end up with y is equal to 5x plus one over 2x minus five. But", "o128bUK8WOk-00034-00030700-00031581": "really since that's the inverses we should say g inverse of x is equal to 5x plus one over", "o128bUK8WOk-00035-00031581-00032488": "2x minus five. What interesting about example two you may have noticed is the inverse function", "o128bUK8WOk-00036-00032488-00033321": "in the original function turned out to be the exact same function. It doesn't have to", "o128bUK8WOk-00037-00033321-00034172": "happen all the time but maybe you should see why it happened this time. Completely optional", "o128bUK8WOk-00038-00034172-00034591": "which you do need to know if for the inverse of rational function. You clear the fraction", "o128bUK8WOk-00039-00034591-00035155": "by multiplying by the LCD, put the terms on one side and everything else on the other", "o128bUK8WOk-00040-00035155-00035870": "side, and then factor out the y and divide by to get it alone."}}, {"audio_id": "o1sn63Sw5qU", "text": {"o1sn63Sw5qU-00000-00000006-00000297": "LBW: Like that's something I kind of wanted to comment on a little bit I mean the", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00001-00000297-00000917": "world is seemingly going to shit and we're watching it in real time but", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00002-00000917-00001483": "really the kind of action that's required", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00003-00001483-00002100": "to even address it in any sort of small way is often I feel like those energies", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00004-00002100-00002510": "are being co-opted by online participation so having your opinion", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00005-00002510-00003455": "your hot take is seen as a a sort of it makes up for in some sense of what", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00006-00003455-00003932": "disempowerment we feel about what's happening do you know what I mean and I", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00007-00003932-00004275": "feel like social media fuels that feeling because they know that's part of", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00008-00004275-00004788": "the addiction to their platforms yeah", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00009-00004788-00005003": "WILLIAM HAWES: Yeah absolutely I mean they've", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00010-00005003-00005498": "hacked our our neurobiology you know they've figured it out I was", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00011-00005498-00006177": "thinking the other day about something about when Facebook first started when", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00012-00006177-00006663": "you would get a notification the notification color would be blue but", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00013-00006663-00007158": "what they decided was that for some reason blue wasn't getting enough people", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00014-00007158-00007559": "to click to click back and see what their notification would be so they", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00015-00007559-00008181": "switched the color to red to make it more another little like just basic you", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00016-00008181-00008781": "know trick of how our physiology works is that oh they", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00017-00008781-00009540": "changed it to more enticing thing for us and then again they", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00018-00009540-00009947": "pay people you know millions of dollars to figure out you know how to further", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00019-00009947-00010797": "basically hack our minds again if it's all driven by", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00020-00010797-00011282": "money you know it's just like any other part of our society it leads to", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00021-00011282-00012081": "this this hyper stratified and hierarchical system where again there's", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00022-00012081-00012609": "only a few people that are really that can you know have a", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00023-00012609-00013212": "living by you know doing whatever it is podcasts or you know YouTube or whatever", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00024-00013212-00013588": "it is you know stuff like that online influencer so", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00025-00013588-00013837": "it's a very it's pretty sad", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00026-00013837-00014270": "LBW: Yeah well could you speak to something that was", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00027-00014270-00014940": "brought up is the class division and the way that manifests through honestly just", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00028-00014940-00015395": "through the infrastructure of the internet so you have in cities in more", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00029-00015395-00015920": "densely populated areas internet connections are often much faster it's", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00030-00015920-00016377": "much easier to connect your smartphone to a very fast network to a fast", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00031-00016377-00016895": "connection so people living in densely populated areas really have the", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00032-00016895-00017391": "so-called benefits of having this online or extremely online behavior this", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00033-00017391-00017798": "culture that comes from that but people that live in more rural or outside of", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00034-00017798-00018405": "these dense population zones often don't have this internet speed to really", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00035-00018405-00019104": "participate in the way that more metropolitan areas can do you", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00036-00019104-00019425": "know what I mean could you speak a little bit to that", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00037-00019425-00019836": "about the class divisions that emerge as a result of the way the", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00038-00019836-00020146": "Internet is structured", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00039-00020146-00020360": "WILLIAM HAWES: Yeah sure", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00040-00020372-00021125": "again it's mostly beneficial to upper class middle class and urban people and", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00041-00021125-00021614": "what one of the studies that I referenced in that piece was", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00042-00021614-00022137": "mentioned this idea of technophilia which is you know people that have more", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00043-00022137-00022860": "access at a younger age and that use the internet social media and just kind of", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00044-00022860-00023322": "computer and technology in general if you have more access and you get more", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00045-00023322-00023726": "you know you have more fun and entertainment with it at a young age you", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00046-00023726-00024782": "tend to not be as critical of of how you are being used by the technology and", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00047-00024782-00025535": "again and you can look at any rural area in the in the country and see what", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00048-00025535-00025976": "they're you know what percentage of the population has Wi-Fi", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00049-00025976-00026433": "connections it's pretty low in in lots of places", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00050-00026433-00027045": "you know a lot of times under 50% of the population in very rural areas has you", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00051-00027045-00027760": "know Wi-Fi and stuff like that so a lot of the commentary that you'll see you", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00052-00027760-00028363": "know on Twitter or whatever a lot of people can't relate to that because they", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00053-00028363-00028918": "don't have you know that instantaneous access that people in", "o1sn63Sw5qU-00054-00028918-00029033": "cities do"}}, {"audio_id": "o1u3bBmYhk8", "text": {"o1u3bBmYhk8-00000-00000424-00007284": "Hard Masked Wolf Type Beat - \"Talk Too Much\" |", "o1u3bBmYhk8-00001-00009984-00009992": "Hard", "o1u3bBmYhk8-00002-00014944-00016040": "Choir Trap Beat - Prod. SoundsByFrenk"}}, {"audio_id": "o1ueF8oJmNY", "text": {"o1ueF8oJmNY-00000-00000674-00000872": "How many of you here have ever been in love?", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00001-00000872-00000982": "Raise your hands", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00002-00001170-00001264": "Ok, that's about it", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00003-00001422-00002204": "And how many of you here have ever had that love affair go...?", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00004-00002436-00002496": "Ok", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00005-00002682-00003026": "Didn't you know, though, before it went...that it was going...?", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00006-00003311-00003511": "You all sensed' it, right?", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00007-00003604-00004266": "And in that sensing you decided \"Oh, I won't say anything. I'll continue on with this masquerade. \"", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00008-00004388-00005106": "\"It isn't working. But, till a better one comes along I'd better hang on to what I've got.\"", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00009-00005304-00005828": "Well, I'm not too sure that we should hang onto anything", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00010-00005890-00006394": "It seems like when you hang on you get hung up, right?", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00011-00006431-00007018": "Sometimes we're all in the process of mending a broken heart from something or another, haven't we?", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00012-00007112-00007431": "How many of you would like to learn how to fall out of love?", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00013-00007756-00007956": "Well, you fall in love how to fall out of love", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00014-00008104-00008496": "I'm sure you didn't go into it sensibly and rationally because love doesn't work that way", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00015-00008496-00008746": "It works as some sort of attraction and you got to have them", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00016-00008854-00009054": "And after you have them you got to get rid of them", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00017-00009306-00009506": "Before you're had", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00018-00009660-00010228": "If you're going to live with somebody and if you're going to love somebody, why not live with them and love them?", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00019-00010384-00010742": "Or, tell them you're going to go eighty percent and that's it", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00020-00010892-00011588": "They may not be able to go along with that idea but, it's being honest with them.", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00021-00011588-00011788": "Not getting caught in the honesty trap", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00022-00011986-00012556": "Because sometimes the emotions go up and down according to the time of the day and if it's raining or if the sun is shining", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00023-00012838-00013168": "You see, what happens is that we've learned to love a person", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00024-00013350-00013980": "We learn to feel them, we learn to have their hands on us, to touch our body", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00025-00014040-00014219": "And we grow very accustomed to that", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00026-00014232-00014432": "Plus, we fantasize about it.", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00027-00014550-00014922": "When they're not around we're thinking about them being around", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00028-00014922-00015197": "and and all of the things we'd do to them if they were around", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00029-00015319-00015669": "And when they are around we never do those, we do some of them", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00030-00015790-00016060": "It's a process of being honest with them", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00031-00016118-00016766": "So when they leave us and they go to someone else, and you still love them and they love someone else", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00032-00016928-00017634": "The thing that happens here is you keep going back into those patterns of fantasizing and drawing theirs to you in your mind and your emotions", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00033-00017728-00017832": "And it's called unrequited love", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00034-00017992-00018588": "You see, we can un-learn loving the same way we learned that", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00035-00018636-00019492": "And the first key to this is that whenever that person in any way, shape or form comes into your mind you say", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00036-00019492-00019628": "You just say: \"Stop.\"", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00037-00019862-00019962": "\"Stop.\"", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00038-00020046-00020246": "And drive the thoughts right out of your mind", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00039-00020586-00020886": "You get a little three by five card and you carry it in your pocket.", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00040-00020944-00021248": "And every time they come into your mind - like on Monday, you write \"One.\"", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00041-00021256-00021698": "if they come five times, you have live little marks there", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00042-00021698-00022154": "Until you get down to the day where there's only four marks on a day", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00043-00022346-00022746": "And then that person is not being seen in an unloving quality", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00044-00022764-00023072": "They're just being seen in a different emotional light", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00045-00023170-00023766": "That you see them more clearly as a person rather than as that that you idolize and that you worship", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00046-00023930-00024484": "So you get to be friendly with them instead of grieving with them and missing them and feeling lonely", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00047-00024848-00025432": "We like to think that we're immune to hurts", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00048-00025576-00026086": "and that maybe we won't get caught up in the new hurt of a new romance", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00049-00026144-00026344": "Maybe this will help you", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00050-00026364-00027426": "Every time their thoughts comes into your mind say \"Stop\"  and substitute some pattern that you've already thought ahead of time", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00051-00027448-00027960": "that is really fine, that is fantastic, that is wonderful that does not include them", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00052-00028048-00028600": "Like a walk at the beach, looking at a beautiful tree,  anything.", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00053-00028688-00029402": "So as soon as you stop and drive that thought out of your mind, immediately pull the new one in that is fresh, invigorating", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00054-00029416-00029527": "and pull it to you", "o1ueF8oJmNY-00055-00029608-00029972": "And hold that, and then let it go"}}, {"audio_id": "o2p6y1QmNac", "text": {"o2p6y1QmNac-00000-00000115-00000463": "In this video we'll talk about LU factorization.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00001-00000463-00001142": "This is a technique to increase the efficiency of Gauss Elimination for certain applications.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00002-00001142-00001760": "After studying this video you should be able to perform an LU factorization on a matrix.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00003-00001760-00002297": "And when I say that, do it by hand to make sure that you understand how it works.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00004-00002297-00002870": "You should be able to identify when LU factorization is useful and why it's useful in those cases.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00005-00002870-00003501": "You should also be able to implement LU factorization in MATLAB to solve a linear system and explain", "o2p6y1QmNac-00006-00003501-00004089": "conceptually how MATLAB left division works.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00007-00004089-00004296": "So what is LU factorization?", "o2p6y1QmNac-00008-00004296-00004875": "LU factorization factors the matrix A. The coefficient matrix for a linear system.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00009-00004875-00005964": "So still in that context of a linear system AX equals B. A is factored into a lower triangular", "o2p6y1QmNac-00010-00005964-00006337": "matrix L and an upper triangular matrix U.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00011-00006337-00006744": "So before we talk about why it's useful let's go through how that works.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00012-00006744-00007461": "So here we have a matrix A expressed as a product of L times U.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00013-00007461-00007741": "So let's go through and see how these are related.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00014-00007741-00008288": "So we can write, just by implementing the definition of matrix multiplication we can", "o2p6y1QmNac-00015-00008288-00009610": "say A11 is equal to 1 times U11 and then we see zeros as we go down the rest of that column.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00016-00009610-00009867": "So that's it.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00017-00009867-00011864": "A12 is equal to, and again we'll go zero times U11, plus 1 times U12 plus again, zero times", "o2p6y1QmNac-00018-00011864-00012373": "U plus zero.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00019-00012373-00013577": "So A12 is equal to U12 and similarly doing the same thing you will find that A13 equals", "o2p6y1QmNac-00020-00013577-00013716": "U13.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00021-00013716-00014463": "So these three elements in the upper triangular matrix are the same as these three elements", "o2p6y1QmNac-00022-00014463-00014616": "in the lower triangular matrix.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00023-00014616-00015334": "Or sorry, in the original matrix A. So let's move down and work through the next row.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00024-00015334-00016771": "So we get A21 is equal to now we're in the second row, first column, so it'll be L21", "o2p6y1QmNac-00025-00016771-00017625": "times U11 plus 1 times zero plus zero.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00026-00017625-00020518": "And A, let's go ahead and do A31 next A31, that will equal L31 times U11 plus L32 times", "o2p6y1QmNac-00027-00020518-00020814": "zero plus zero.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00028-00020814-00021445": "So we see here if we go through U11.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00029-00021445-00023274": "I'm sorry, recall that U11 is equal to A11 and so we can rewrite this as solving for", "o2p6y1QmNac-00030-00023274-00023392": "L21.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00031-00023392-00024054": "L21 is equal to A21 over A11.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00032-00024054-00024934": "And similarly L31 is equal to A31 over A11.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00033-00024934-00026002": "And if you recall from Gauss Elimination these are the elimination factors that we would", "o2p6y1QmNac-00034-00026002-00026625": "be using in the forward elimination step of Gauss Elimination and we could actually use", "o2p6y1QmNac-00035-00026625-00027402": "that to develop our technique to compute an LU factorization.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00036-00027402-00027855": "And it turns out that that is also the case for L32.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00037-00027855-00028385": "So the end result is L21, L31, and L32.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00038-00028385-00029539": "Those are our elimination factors as we reduce the rows under the pivot elements U11 and", "o2p6y1QmNac-00039-00029539-00029639": "U22.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00040-00029639-00030351": "So the pivot elements were A11 and A22.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00041-00030351-00031019": "So before we get in to more how to do this and do an example with numbers let's talk", "o2p6y1QmNac-00042-00031019-00031170": "about why we do it.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00043-00031170-00031645": "So many problems in engineering and numerical methods involve the solution of a system of", "o2p6y1QmNac-00044-00031645-00032044": "equations for multiple righthand side vectors.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00045-00032044-00032602": "So this is a case where we might have the same coefficient matrix but have the system", "o2p6y1QmNac-00046-00032602-00033172": "AX equals some B1, AX equals some B2, all the way to some N different righthand side", "o2p6y1QmNac-00047-00033172-00033309": "vectors.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00048-00033309-00033980": "Example situations would include calculating a matrix inverse where to calculate the inverse", "o2p6y1QmNac-00049-00033980-00035059": "of A we can successfully solve for each column is going to be", "o2p6y1QmNac-00050-00035059-00035786": "AX equals B where B is equal to 100.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00051-00035786-00036269": "That would give us the first column of A. It's equal to 010.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00052-00036269-00037086": "That'll give us the second column of A. So we call that B1, B2, B3 is equal to 001.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00053-00037086-00037944": "Gives us the third column of A. And each of those corresponding X values build that inverse", "o2p6y1QmNac-00054-00037944-00038074": "A minus 1.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00055-00038074-00038561": "And we're not going to do calculating of matrix inverses in this class but I just wanted to", "o2p6y1QmNac-00056-00038561-00038788": "point that out as an example situation.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00057-00038788-00039346": "You can imagine calculating the inverse of a 100 by 100 matrix all of a sudden we have", "o2p6y1QmNac-00058-00039346-00039735": "100 different righthand side B vectors.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00059-00039735-00039949": "Also parametric analysis of a linear system.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00060-00039949-00040266": "We'll be looking at that in a programming assignment.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00061-00040266-00040727": "And down the road in this class we'll see how several differential equation algorithms", "o2p6y1QmNac-00062-00040727-00041390": "can include multiple solutions of the same linear system with the only thing changing", "o2p6y1QmNac-00063-00041390-00041627": "being the righthand side vector.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00064-00041627-00042238": "So recall that the computational cost of Gauss Elimination is concentrated in the forward", "o2p6y1QmNac-00065-00042238-00042417": "elimination step.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00066-00042417-00043064": "And in that previous video we saw that that was order N cubed.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00067-00043064-00043444": "That back substitution step was only order N squared.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00068-00043444-00044049": "And what LU factorization does for us is it separates the time consuming elimination step", "o2p6y1QmNac-00069-00044049-00044991": "from the eliminations of the righthand side factor B. So once we factor A and as we saw", "o2p6y1QmNac-00070-00044991-00045309": "that is an elimination operation.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00071-00045309-00046247": "So factor A. So that factorization is going to be order N cubed operation but we only", "o2p6y1QmNac-00072-00046247-00046465": "have to do it once.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00073-00046465-00047278": "Then we can solve for multiple righthand side vectors using now two triangular matrices", "o2p6y1QmNac-00074-00047278-00048066": "and that's a substitution process only.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00075-00048066-00048544": "So that's order N squared.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00076-00048544-00049125": "So, we'll look more into that in a minute but first let's do an example of doing that", "o2p6y1QmNac-00077-00049125-00049308": "LU factorization.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00078-00049308-00049988": "So here's a matrix A and what I would do is set this up as follows.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00079-00049988-00050227": "So I'm going to write this as the product of two matrices.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00080-00050227-00051124": "And I'll start by just having the identity matrix", "o2p6y1QmNac-00081-00051124-00051613": "multiplied by A. So we know that this is true because a matrix multiplied by the identity", "o2p6y1QmNac-00082-00051613-00052349": "matrix is equal to itself.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00083-00052349-00053041": "And then I'm just gonna start doing forward elimination on A which is that righthand side", "o2p6y1QmNac-00084-00053041-00053141": "matrix.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00085-00053141-00053576": "So we'll start under the pivot element 4.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00086-00053576-00054672": "And we know that we could write row 2 is equal to row 2 minus, and then our elimination factor", "o2p6y1QmNac-00087-00054672-00055477": "would be negative 2 over 4 times row 1.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00088-00055477-00056008": "And then that elimination factor, as we've talked about a few minutes ago, is going to", "o2p6y1QmNac-00089-00056008-00056825": "be the element here L21.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00090-00056825-00057354": "So if we write that result again our first row is going to be unchanged.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00091-00057354-00058263": "So we have 1, 0, 0, 4, 3, -1.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00092-00058263-00058687": "And then we'll put the negative one half here.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00093-00058687-00059161": "And then going through and executing the rest of the eliminations.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00094-00059161-00059261": "Subtractions here.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00095-00059261-00059519": "We end up with -2.5.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00096-00059519-00059619": "I'm sorry.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00097-00059619-00059876": "That's still our lower triangular matrix.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00098-00059876-00060069": "So this is still 1, 0.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00099-00060069-00061185": "And then we've eliminated the first element under the pivot and -2.5, and 4.5, is what", "o2p6y1QmNac-00100-00061185-00061491": "we have left.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00101-00061491-00062092": "Next we'll go to row three and we get row three is equal to row three minus, and our", "o2p6y1QmNac-00102-00062092-00062908": "elimination factor in this case is going to be one fourth times row one, so we'll go ahead", "o2p6y1QmNac-00103-00062908-00063185": "and put that elimination factor there.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00104-00063185-00063533": "That's again, L31.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00105-00063533-00063804": "So that goes into our lower triangular matrix.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00106-00063804-00064220": "And the rest of that lower triangular matrix is as follows.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00107-00064220-00064344": "The zero and the one.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00108-00064344-00064812": "We've now completed our operations under the first pivot.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00109-00064812-00065462": "And the right upper triangular matrix we have a zero because we've eliminated that element.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00110-00065462-00066330": "And then 1.25 and 6.25 again carrying out that operation.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00111-00066330-00066661": "So all that's left now is to move down to the next pivot.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00112-00066661-00066935": "The -2.5.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00113-00066935-00067899": "Doing that we still have our second row is done.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00114-00067899-00067999": "There's the one fourth.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00115-00067999-00068430": "We're going to have another elimination factor to come in.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00116-00068430-00069267": "This is 4, 3, -1, 0, -2.5, 4.5, 0.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00117-00069267-00070008": "And then our elimination factor now will be row three is equal to row three minus, and", "o2p6y1QmNac-00118-00070008-00071064": "this is going to be a 1.25 divided by -2.5 times row 2 and again that's just a negative", "o2p6y1QmNac-00119-00071064-00071164": "one half.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00120-00071164-00071844": "So negative one half and, sorry that's still a one on the diagonal, so there's our lower", "o2p6y1QmNac-00121-00071844-00071975": "triangular matrix.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00122-00071975-00072792": "And going through those subtractions we get a zero under the pivot element and an 8.5", "o2p6y1QmNac-00123-00072792-00072999": "which is what's left.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00124-00072999-00073480": "So there's our LU factorization.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00125-00073480-00074098": "That is our lower triangular matrix L and our upper triangular matrix U.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00126-00074098-00074770": "So then let's look at how we would use this LU factorization to solve a linear system.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00127-00074770-00075363": "So here's our linear system AX equals B. And we'll do that one factorization of A and again", "o2p6y1QmNac-00128-00075363-00075762": "that's going to be N cubed approximately N cubed operations.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00129-00075762-00076129": "And so we factor it into L and U.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00130-00076129-00076686": "So now we have LU times X is equal to B. And the way that we're going to solve this is", "o2p6y1QmNac-00131-00076686-00077402": "we'll solve the intermediate system if we write this as UX is equal to D. So we get", "o2p6y1QmNac-00132-00077402-00078051": "this intermediate system UX is equal to D. And this is an upper triangular matrix.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00133-00078051-00078662": "So that upper triangular matrix now, and we have a lower triangular matrix LD equals B.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00134-00078662-00079229": "So each of these triangular matrices we can solve with substitution only.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00135-00079229-00079877": "So in order to do that before we can solve for X we need to solve for D. So the first", "o2p6y1QmNac-00136-00079877-00080842": "system that we solve will be LD equals B. So we do forward substitution in L to solve", "o2p6y1QmNac-00137-00080842-00081711": "for D and that's gonna be order N squared because it's a substitution algorithm only.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00138-00081711-00082393": "Now that we have D we can bring that over here and use back substitution in U to solve", "o2p6y1QmNac-00139-00082393-00082850": "for X and again it's order N squared.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00140-00082850-00083613": "So the bottom line is we've done the factorization once and then we can solve for as many righthand", "o2p6y1QmNac-00141-00083613-00084505": "side vectors B, B vectors, as we want using substitution only.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00142-00084505-00084944": "So recall one of the things about Gauss Elimination though, is that we might have had to do some", "o2p6y1QmNac-00143-00084944-00085731": "partial pivoting to avoid problems of zero or near zero as a pivot element.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00144-00085731-00086763": "And to keep track of that, now that we've decoupled the righthand side from the lefthand", "o2p6y1QmNac-00145-00086763-00087144": "side we need to keep track of any partial pivoting that we do.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00146-00087144-00087544": "So in order to do that we use what's called a permutation matrix.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00147-00087544-00088143": "And the permutation matrix again is going to basically keep track of the row shifts", "o2p6y1QmNac-00148-00088143-00088857": "that we do when we're doing partial pivoting on the matrix A during Gauss Elimination.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00149-00088857-00089323": "So we actually do the partial pivoting during the LU factorization.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00150-00089323-00090193": "So this partial pivoting now we're still going to do it but now it's during the factorization", "o2p6y1QmNac-00151-00090193-00090829": "which recall is basically just a Gauss Elimination process where we keep track of the elimination", "o2p6y1QmNac-00152-00090829-00090995": "factors.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00153-00090995-00091529": "And so then we can apply the permutation matrix as follows.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00154-00091529-00092381": "So we would replace our linear system by multiplying both sides by P. So P times AX is equal to", "o2p6y1QmNac-00155-00092381-00093474": "P times B and our LU factorization would be of the matrix PA and all PA is doing is mathematically", "o2p6y1QmNac-00156-00093474-00093666": "implementing those pivots.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00157-00093666-00094523": "And then we'll solve the system LUX equals P times B. So test yourself to make sure you", "o2p6y1QmNac-00158-00094523-00094664": "understand how this is working.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00159-00094664-00095416": "You can try out multiply P times some generic vector X. Here's an example P and you should", "o2p6y1QmNac-00160-00095416-00096263": "see that this permutation matrix would switch rows one and two.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00161-00096263-00096702": "So let's look at how you keep track of all this implementing it in MATLAB.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00162-00096702-00097285": "You can do an LU factorization in MATLAB with the built in function LU.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00163-00097285-00098157": "It has the permutation matrix as an optional third output but it in general is a good idea", "o2p6y1QmNac-00164-00098157-00098300": "to use it.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00165-00098300-00099038": "So here's an example solve the same linear system A for two different righthand side", "o2p6y1QmNac-00166-00099038-00099281": "vectors, two B's.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00167-00099281-00100399": "So we'll do the factorization once and remember you're defeating the point if you do the factorization", "o2p6y1QmNac-00168-00100399-00100566": "for every different B vector.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00169-00100566-00100945": "So this affects how you write code using LU factorization.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00170-00100945-00101248": "You might be looping through a number of B factors.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00171-00101248-00101801": "You want to make sure you're not also computing the LU factorization with each iteration of", "o2p6y1QmNac-00172-00101801-00101901": "that loop.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00173-00101901-00102693": "So we do one factorization and then solve for our first D1 and again there's that permutation", "o2p6y1QmNac-00174-00102693-00103686": "matrix which we need to keep track of any row shifts in B. Then we can solve for X1.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00175-00103686-00103924": "Second time, solve for D2.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00176-00103924-00104448": "Again, with the permutation matrix to keep track of the row shifts for B and then solve", "o2p6y1QmNac-00177-00104448-00104548": "for X2.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00178-00104548-00105257": "So, you might be wondering well, it seems like now we're having to do two processes", "o2p6y1QmNac-00179-00105257-00105484": "to solve, how is this more efficient?", "o2p6y1QmNac-00180-00105484-00106051": "Well, consider an example where we need to solve a 100 by 100 system for 50 different", "o2p6y1QmNac-00181-00106051-00106310": "righthand side vectors.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00182-00106310-00106818": "So in the case where we do that without LU factorization we're going to have for every", "o2p6y1QmNac-00183-00106818-00107352": "Gauss Elimination operation, we're gonna have 100 cube operations, approximately.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00184-00107352-00108161": "So we have 100 cubed operations times 50 systems, that's gonna be about 50 million FLOPs.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00185-00108161-00108781": "If we use LU factorization then we're gonna have those hundred cubed operations but we're", "o2p6y1QmNac-00186-00108781-00109569": "only gonna do it once because we only have one factorization.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00187-00109569-00110551": "Then for those additional systems we'll have, for 50 righthand side vectors, we have 100", "o2p6y1QmNac-00188-00110551-00110651": "squared.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00189-00110651-00111093": "That's our order N squared substitution cost.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00190-00111093-00111999": "But we have it twice because we have one for U and one for L. So we have to go for each", "o2p6y1QmNac-00191-00111999-00112335": "of those triangular matrices.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00192-00112335-00112976": "But we still have a huge savings because we end up with only two million FLOPs.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00193-00112976-00113529": "So this is a 96% reduction in the computational cost.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00194-00113529-00114077": "And it just gets even greater if we're increasing the size of the system or if we're increasing", "o2p6y1QmNac-00195-00114077-00114360": "the number of righthand side vectors that we solve for.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00196-00114360-00115052": "So the bottom line is whenever you are solving a system for multiple righthand side vectors", "o2p6y1QmNac-00197-00115052-00115649": "it's a good idea to use LU factorization.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00198-00115649-00116085": "So this is a good time to talk about how MATLAB left division works.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00199-00116085-00116599": "It's actually a lot going on with this little operator here.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00200-00116599-00116836": "More than meets the eye.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00201-00116836-00117332": "And we can also talk about why this is preferred to the matrix inverse.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00202-00117332-00117755": "So MATLAB left division uses the following algorithm.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00203-00117755-00117979": "It starts by checking if A is triangular.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00204-00117979-00118759": "If it's triangular it just can go right through with the substitution algorithm that has operation", "o2p6y1QmNac-00205-00118759-00119079": "costs approximately N squared.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00206-00119079-00119306": "Next it checks if A is a symmetric matrix.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00207-00119306-00119745": "If it is it uses what is called a Cholesky factorization which we're not going to cover", "o2p6y1QmNac-00208-00119745-00120281": "but it takes advantage of the fact that A is symmetric and actually is another N squared", "o2p6y1QmNac-00209-00120281-00120610": "calculation.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00210-00120610-00120986": "Next it checks if A can be transformed to be a triangular matrix.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00211-00120986-00121375": "For example, by some pivoting.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00212-00121375-00121848": "And if so, again it's a substitution algorithm that's order N squared.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00213-00121848-00122635": "Lastly, if A is square MATLAB left division is Gauss Elimination with partial pivoting.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00214-00122635-00122969": "So the pivoting happens automatically.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00215-00122969-00123839": "And like we saw before that's gonna be order N cubed.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00216-00123839-00124407": "If A is not square, if it's an overdetermined matrix, left division actually implements", "o2p6y1QmNac-00217-00124407-00124855": "a QR factorization which is a least squares solution.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00218-00124855-00125256": "And we're not going to get into the details of how that works but what that least squares", "o2p6y1QmNac-00219-00125256-00126492": "solution is, is it's going to minimize the squares of the residuals.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00220-00126492-00127109": "Remember, there's no perfect solution if the matrix system is overdetermined but we can", "o2p6y1QmNac-00221-00127109-00128084": "find a best, we can call it a best fit solution, and something that minimizes the total residuals", "o2p6y1QmNac-00222-00128084-00128402": "in our result.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00223-00128402-00128695": "So this is why left division is preferred to the matrix inverse.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00224-00128695-00129250": "As we talked about a little bit earlier in this video, the matrix inverse, first and", "o2p6y1QmNac-00225-00129250-00129751": "foremost, is going to require the solution of the system from multiple righthand side", "o2p6y1QmNac-00226-00129751-00129895": "vectors.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00227-00129895-00130463": "And those multiple righthand side factors in MATLAB's matrix inverse algorithm, it does", "o2p6y1QmNac-00228-00130463-00131316": "use LU factorization to do that but ultimately it has more computational cost than left division", "o2p6y1QmNac-00229-00131316-00132041": "and does not go through and check to make sure that it can't take a more quick substitution", "o2p6y1QmNac-00230-00132041-00132351": "approach or Cholesky factorization approach.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00231-00132351-00133180": "So again, matrix left division, that's our preferred mode, preferred method for linear", "o2p6y1QmNac-00232-00133180-00133536": "systems.", "o2p6y1QmNac-00233-00133536-00133672": "And that concludes this video."}}, {"audio_id": "o2vv6JQacHo", "text": {"o2vv6JQacHo-00000-00000000-00000196": "Lovely bubbly chacha!", "o2vv6JQacHo-00001-00000692-00000892": "She's been out for a walk for a long time.", "o2vv6JQacHo-00002-00001250-00001986": "Today, you know. I will introduce you to the hot place in Seoul.", "o2vv6JQacHo-00003-00002366-00002566": "an ant garden", "o2vv6JQacHo-00004-00002924-00003911": "This place is called the \"Ants Garden.\" It's a small but very fruitful park. If you follow the road, you'll find an ant garden.", "o2vv6JQacHo-00005-00005024-00005614": "If you follow Metasequoire Road, you can come to Seoul Dulle-gil.", "o2vv6JQacHo-00006-00005684-00005884": "Jangjicheon-gil", "o2vv6JQacHo-00007-00006062-00006830": "Jangjicheon-gil is one of the sections of Seoul Dulle-gil. Follow me!", "o2vv6JQacHo-00008-00007420-00007868": "It's a two-pronged road. I'll go to the park on the Dulegil this time.", "o2vv6JQacHo-00009-00007966-00008526": "Dad, it's not this way. Dad looking for directions.", "o2vv6JQacHo-00010-00008994-00009400": "When you get lost, you can find your way with the sign in the park.", "o2vv6JQacHo-00011-00009518-00009756": "Dad doesn't seem to know.", "o2vv6JQacHo-00012-00010184-00010384": "i'll guide for you!", "o2vv6JQacHo-00013-00010774-00010974": "Gaenong Park", "o2vv6JQacHo-00014-00011354-00011554": "Gaenong Park. It was named in commemoration of a village called \"Gaenong\" in 1992.", "o2vv6JQacHo-00015-00011770-00011970": "General Im Gyeong-eop, the Manchu Invasion of Korea, built it after seeing the armor of Longan.", "o2vv6JQacHo-00016-00012310-00012748": "It's good to have a lot of forests. But there are no children.", "o2vv6JQacHo-00017-00013018-00013576": "Gaerong Park has the most forests among the parks I go to. Let's go to the next place!", "o2vv6JQacHo-00018-00013741-00014024": "I came back to the Dulegil.", "o2vv6JQacHo-00019-00014890-00015078": "Where am I?", "o2vv6JQacHo-00020-00015272-00015472": "Munjeong Neighborhood Park", "o2vv6JQacHo-00021-00015686-00016522": "Munjeong Neighborhood Park is the biggest park I go to. It's nice because the weather is clear.", "o2vv6JQacHo-00022-00016638-00017004": "It's suddenly windy.", "o2vv6JQacHo-00023-00017156-00018688": "This is the park that built an uncompleted railway site as a resting place until 2009. There are not only fountains but also public parking lots and subway stations. Also, you can rent a bike or walk to Seongnae Stream.", "o2vv6JQacHo-00024-00018734-00019030": "Let's withdraw because of the wind!", "o2vv6JQacHo-00025-00019584-00019760": "Sori Park", "o2vv6JQacHo-00026-00020238-00020438": "Sori Park is the cleanest park I've ever been to.", "o2vv6JQacHo-00027-00021100-00021300": "The night view is so nice here because it's next to the law complex", "o2vv6JQacHo-00028-00021726-00021926": "There is a forest road where you can experience various things.", "o2vv6JQacHo-00029-00022286-00022486": "It's a small park in the city, so it's full of charm.", "o2vv6JQacHo-00030-00023108-00023308": "I love the smell of nature.", "o2vv6JQacHo-00031-00023574-00024250": "Oh, right! This isn't the end! Once again, I'll follow the Dulegil.", "o2vv6JQacHo-00032-00024634-00024968": "Dad: I'm tired. Follow me.", "o2vv6JQacHo-00033-00025078-00025278": "Ogeum Park", "o2vv6JQacHo-00034-00025568-00026464": "This is Ogeum Park! It's kind of hard because it's located at 200m above sea level. However, it can run around and has plenty of sports facilities.", "o2vv6JQacHo-00035-00028120-00028320": "Garak Neighborhood Park", "o2vv6JQacHo-00036-00028548-00029210": "Dad: The stairs are too high. You just have to go up without hesitation.", "o2vv6JQacHo-00037-00029527-00030370": "This is Garak Neighborhood Park! It's higher than Ogeum Park. The ground is so high that you can see the surrounding city center like this.", "o2vv6JQacHo-00038-00030695-00031044": "I achieved my goal today. My movements are as follows.", "o2vv6JQacHo-00039-00031114-00031848": "The parks are connected to Seoul Dulle-gil course 3. I use Jangjicheon-gil a lot.", "o2vv6JQacHo-00040-00032114-00032494": "There are Ogeum Park, Garak Neighborhood Park, and Gaerong Park in the north and west of Dulegil.", "o2vv6JQacHo-00041-00032804-00033212": "To the south, you can walk around Dulle-gil - Munjeong Neighborhood Park - Sori Park.", "o2vv6JQacHo-00042-00033430-00033630": "Each park is in a walking distance, so it's good to exercise.", "o2vv6JQacHo-00043-00033894-00034544": "Did you enjoy the video? There are many good places, so come visit often.", "o2vv6JQacHo-00044-00035104-00037720": "Please subscribe and like!"}}, {"audio_id": "o2Nxr4wJn78", "text": {"o2Nxr4wJn78-00000-00000000-00017100": "🌟 🇺🇸 Skye and Chase 🎒 Backpacks for Animators — Shop GrandStart.ru 🌟"}}, {"audio_id": "o3fvZvgSn0U", "text": {"o3fvZvgSn0U-00000-00000000-00000700": "[서울시 마곡 위코노미스타트업챌린지, 서울시와 서울산업진흥원 https://challenges.tistory.com]", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00001-00000700-00000869": "Amy Jo Kim : Fortune 게임업계 영향력 있는 10대 인물.  참석해주셔서 감사합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00002-00000869-00001756": "저는 여러분과 함께 확깨는 아이디어와 실용적인, 사용가능한 아이디어를 공유하게 되어 매우 기쁩니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00003-00001756-00002179": "우선, 세상이 바뀌고 있습니다. 우리 모두는 그것을 압니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00004-00002180-00002946": "그리고 우리는 모두 그것과 씨름하고, 함께 움직이고, 모든 변화를 받아들이고, 성공하려고 노력하고 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00005-00002946-00003699": "제 관심은 제 일에 영향을 주는 몇 가지 중요한 변화 입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00006-00003700-00004090": "하나는 페이스북 사용이 감소하고 있다는 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00007-00004090-00004683": "페이스북이 800파운드나 되는 고릴라가 아니라면, 그것은 젊은이들 사이에서 감소하고 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00008-00004683-00005123": "변화하고 있으며, 변화하는 이유는 제가 오늘 말하려는 것의 일부 입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00009-00005123-00006196": "디자인할 때 첫 접근법인 게임요소사용(gamification)에 대한 관심도 감소하고 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00010-00006196-00006546": "꽃은 장미에서 떨어지고 있습니다. 거품은 터져버렸어요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00011-00006546-00006856": "사람들은 이제 그것이 은빛 마법 총알이 아니라는 것을 알고 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00012-00006856-00007903": "고객은 거래 회사를 신뢰해야 하는데, 지금 그것이 깨질려는 겁니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00013-00007903-00008273": "사람들은 자신이 조작되기를 원하지 않는 다는 것을 알게되고 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00014-00008273-00008606": "그들은 자신의 동의 없이 혹은 알지 못하는 사이에 자신과 관련된 데이터가 유통되는 것을 원하지 않습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00015-00008606-00008939": "이것은 우리 모두에게 중요하죠.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00016-00008940-00009226": "여러분의 고객은 선택권이 있어요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00017-00009226-00009739": "고객들은 자신의 열정, 관심, 돈을 어디에 쓰고 싶은지 스스로 결정합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00018-00009740-00010296": "여러분들은 어떻게 여러분의 고객들을 여러분이 원하는 방향으로 앞으로 나가게 할 수 있을까요?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00019-00010296-00010559": "그들에게 뇌물을 줘서 여러분이 원하는 방향으로 나가게 할 건가요?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00020-00010560-00011330": "푸짐한 미끼(nudges)나 포상을 사용해서, 고객들을 현혹해서 그렇게 할 건가요?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00021-00011330-00011676": "아니면, 고객들에게 힘을 실어주실 겁니까(empowering them)?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00022-00011676-00012646": "오늘은 고객에게 힘을 실어주는 것이 무엇을 의미하는지, 그리고 이것이 고객들의 참여(engagement)의 미래라는 것을 설명할 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00023-00012646-00012863": "저는 Amy Jo Kim입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00024-00012863-00013746": "Jeremy가 소개 했듯이, 저는 게임 디자이너이며,기업가, 스타트업(새싹기업) 코치 혹은 혁신 코치 입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00025-00013746-00014136": "저는 또한 스타트업(새싹기업) 만이 아니라 글로벌 브랜드와도 함께 일하고 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00026-00014136-00014279": "또한 책을 쓰는 저자이기도 합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00027-00014280-00014869": "저는 공룡(대기업)들이 웹에서 돌아다니고 있을 때, 커뮤니티 만들기에 대한 책을 썼습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00028-00014869-00015763": "최근에 게임적 상상(Game Thinking)이라는 책을 썼습니다. 이책에서 소개하고 있는 게임적 상상(Game Thinking)이라는 원칙이 제가 여러분에게 할 이야기입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00029-00015763-00016386": "저는 여러분들이 들어 봤을 회사들과 일했어요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00030-00016386-00017003": "저는 수백 개 팀, 수천 명의 기업가들과 함께 일했고,", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00031-00017003-00017903": "새로운 영역을 만든 혁신적인 성공작들을 만들어낸 수많은 작업을 할 수 있는 행운이 함께 했었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00032-00017903-00018449": "eBay도 그 중 하나였는데요. 저는 오늘날 eBay를 가져온 사업형태를 만드는 초기 사업 디자인 팀에 속해있었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00033-00018450-00018843": "대규모 다수게임사���자(multiplayer) RPG 인 \"Ultima Online\".", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00034-00018843-00019489": "여기 계신분 중에  \"Ultima Online\" 아시는 분? 네. 소수이지만 자랑스러워하셔도 좋아요. 멋진 분이세요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00035-00019490-00020136": "\"Rock Band\". 여기 계신분 중에 \"Rock Band\"를 해보신 분은요? 우와", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00036-00020136-00020416": "저는 또한 초기 사업 디자인 팀에 속해있었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00037-00020416-00020763": "우리가 전혀 방향을 찾지 못할 때, 사업 디자인이 효과가 있을 것인지 아닌 지에 대해서 작업을 했었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00038-00020763-00021156": "여기 계신분 중에 \"SIMS\"에 익숙하신분?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00039-00021156-00021469": "같은 일을 했어요. 초기 사업 디자인 팀에 속해있었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00040-00021470-00022050": "성공적인 모바일 게임인 \"COVET fashion\". 프랜차이즈로 탈바꿈하죠.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00041-00022050-00022293": "정신 건강 앱. \"happify\"", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00042-00022293-00022613": "이 서비스는 새롭게 영역을 만드는 영역 선구자이며, 빠르게 영역을 넓히고 있죠.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00043-00022613-00023236": "이들은 제가 함께 일한 팀들입니다. 그들은 깊은 골(Chasm)을 넘어 주류로 성공가도를 달리고 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00044-00023236-00023746": "이들은 큰 성공을 만들었지만, 많은 다른 팀들은 그렇게하지 못했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00045-00023746-00024143": "수많은 실패한 팀 중의 하나는 제가 속한 스타트업(새싹기업)이었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00046-00024143-00024413": "저의 실패 이야기를 해볼까 합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00047-00024413-00025026": "우리가 투자를 받은 후 찍은 저와 공동 창립자의 사진입니다. 우리는 즐겁게 웃고 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00048-00025026-00025299": "우리는 차세대 두뇌 게임을 출시했었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00049-00025300-00026123": "저는 행동 신경과학 분야의 박사 학위를 가지고 있었고, 게임 디자이너이기도 했습니다. 뇌 게임을 재창조하는 것이 매우 흥분되는 것이었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00050-00026123-00026339": "그래서, 멋져 보였습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00051-00026339-00026506": "그리고, 그 게임은 디자인 상을 수상하기도 했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00052-00026506-00026979": "우리는 수천 명의 열광적인 사용자가 있었고, 우리는 우리가 제대로 된 길을 가는 줄 알았습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00053-00026980-00027470": "그러나 우리는 깊은 골(Chasm)을 가로질러가지 못했습니다. 우리는 건널 능력이 없었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00054-00027470-00027796": "우리는 실패했고, 그 실패로 인해 많은 것을 배울 수 있었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00055-00027796-00028173": "그 실패 이후로, 저는 실패하지 않은 많은 일을 해왔습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00056-00028173-00029433": "그리고, 저는 더 빨리, 더 현명하게 혁신하고, 성공 확률을 극적으로 높이는 '게임적 상상(Game Thinking)'이라는 방법을 만들었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00057-00029433-00029726": "'게임적 상상(Game Thinking)'에는 많은 것들이 들어 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00058-00029726-00030023": "저는 여러분에게 세 가지 주요 아이디어에 대해 이야기 할 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00059-00030023-00030463": "첫번째는 '여러분의 서비스를 필요하는 광팬'입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00060-00030463-00030849": "다음 30분 안에 이게 무슨 뜻인지 알게 되실 겁니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00061-00030850-00031163": "두 번째는 강력한 숙달 경로(Compelling Mastery Path)입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00062-00031163-00032073": "저는 고객가 어떤 일을 잘하게 되는 것을 돕는 고객 여정을 만드는 것이 참여(engagement)를 유도하는 좋은 방법인지에 대한 이유와 방법을 보여 줄 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00063-00032073-00033336": "세 번째는 즐거운 학습반복경로(learning loop)의 구성입니다. 이 학습반복경로(learning loop)는 실제로 제품에 기술 배우기를 담도록 하는 고객들의 숙달 경로의 핵심입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00064-00033336-00033863": "오늘 우리가 말하는 것은 프랭크 로이드 라이트 (Frank Lloyd Wright)의 말에 실제로 담겨져 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00065-00033863-00034423": "\"여러분은 제도판에서 지우개를 사용할 수도, 또는 건설 현장에서 대형 망치를 사용할 수도 있습니다.\"", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00066-00034423-00034643": "그리고, 그것은 우리 모두가 원하는 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00067-00034643-00034986": "우리 중 누구도 사람들이 사용하지 않는 프로그램을 담고 싶지 않습니다. 그것은 맞지 않습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00068-00034986-00035713": "그러나, 아이디어를 이른 시기에 유효하게하는 것은 소프트웨��/하드웨어 개발에서 가장 까다로운 부분 중 하나일 겁니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00069-00035713-00036236": "여러분들 중 아이디어 유효하게 하는데 어려움을 겪으신 분들 손들어봐주세요?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00070-00036236-00036759": "저는 분명히 어려움을 겪었고, 그리고, 저는 여러분들에게 아이디어를 쉽게 유효하도록 도울려고 여기에 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00071-00036760-00037120": "우선,  '여러분의 서비스를 필요하는 광팬'에 대해서 이야기해봅시다. 그게 누구예요?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00072-00037120-00037910": "Paul Buchheit는 Y Combinator를 운영합니다. 미국에서 가장 유명한 스타트업(새싹기업) 육성기업입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00073-00037910-00038510": "\"대부분의 사람들은 지금 당장 이해하지 못하는 어떤 것이지만, 몇 사람은 열광하는 어떤 것을 만들어라\"라고 말합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00074-00038510-00039030": "말도 안되는 말 같아보이지만, 이게 진짜 성공적인 혁신의 길입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00075-00039030-00039660": "이것은 매우 좁은 틈새시장(narrow niche)에서 실질적인 문제를 해결하고 있음을 의미합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00076-00039660-00040573": "하지만, 돈과 관련이 있는 이해관계자 또는 벤처캐피탈이 관련이 된다면, 매우 힘든 일이 될 수도 있습니다. 여러분의 목을 잡고, \"좀 큰 물에서 놀자, 안그래? 두루 두루 여러사람에게 다가가야지 돈이 되지 않겠니?\"라고 할 겁니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00077-00040573-00041139": "그러나, 혁신의 과정에 있을 때, 곧 바로 모든 시장이 내 것인 양 모든 사람에게 다가 가면, 가장 빨리 실패로 이어집니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00078-00041140-00041453": "이렇게 생각하는 것은 Paul Buchheit과 저 뿐이 아닙니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00079-00041453-00042129": "1961년 Everett Rogers라는 벨 연구소 과학자는 혁신의 분포도라는 도표를 출판하였습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00080-00042130-00043730": "돼지사육 농부, 건설현장, 모든 종류의 산업(디지털 이외의)에서 데이터를 수집해보면서 이런 도표를 만들어 낸 것입니다. 그는 성공적인 혁신이 초기시장 전반에 걸쳐 퍼져 있음을 발견한 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00081-00043730-00044166": "혁신 제품/서비스들은 대다수 고객들을 대상으로 시작하지 않았습니다. 초기의 다수(Early Majority) 조차도 아니었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00082-00044166-00044669": "단계가 있었으며, 그는 5 단계를 생각해 냈습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00083-00044670-00045136": "30년 후 Jeffrey Moore는 \"깊은 골(Chasm)을 넘어\" 라는 책을 썼습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00084-00045136-00045456": "얼마나 많은 사람들이 이 책에 대해 들어 봤습니까? 굉장해요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00085-00045456-00045699": "들어보시지 못한 분들을 위해서 소개하자면, 이 책은 좋은 마케팅 책입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00086-00045700-00046333": "저자는 Rogers가 사용했던 데이터 모델과 이름을 사용했다고 소개되어 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00087-00046333-00047053": "그는 초기 소수(Early Adoptors)와 초기다수 (Early Majority)에 깊은 골(Chasm) 있다는 아이디어를 소개했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00088-00047053-00047659": "이 깊은 골(Chasm)이 우리가 스타트업(새싹기업)을 실패했을 때와 정확히 일치합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00089-00047660-00048260": "우리는 초기시장을 얻었습니다. 우리는 초기시장을 흔들었지만, 우리는 깊은 골(Chasm)을 건널 수 없었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00090-00048260-00048686": "그리고, 어떤 고객의 목소리를 들었는지 알게됩니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00091-00048686-00049556": "소프트웨어를 만들 때, 여러분의 사업 아이디어를 시장에서 검증하고, 유효하게 할 때, 어떤 고객의 목소리를 듣느냐는 매우 중요합니다. 어떤 고객을 대상으로 하느냐가 여러분의 제품의 성공하게 할 수도 실패하게 할 수도 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00092-00049556-00049883": "다른 실패 이야기를 들려 드려볼까 합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00093-00049883-00050163": "이것은 게이밍 플랫폼 S입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00094-00050163-00050366": "S에 대해 들어보신 분?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00095-00050366-00050889": "한 분 계시네요. 자랑스럽네요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00096-00050890-00051229": "대부분의 사람들은 그렇지 않습니다. 왜냐하면 이 플랫폼은 더 이상 존재하지 않기 때문입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00097-00051229-00051836": "제 파트너와 저는 S플랫폼을 위한 모든 게임출시를 했었는데요. 이것은 MIT에서 정말 혁신적인 플랫폼이었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00098-00051836-00052366": "똑똑한 공동 설립자들이었고, 그들은 TED에서 강연을 했으며, 인기는 최고 였습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00099-00052366-00052626": "최고 VC에게서 투자를 이끌어냈습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00100-00052626-00053039": "그리고 나서, 정말로 시장에 내놓을 때가 왔습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00101-00053040-00054210": "그리고 나서, 우리는 우리가 목표시장으로 삼고 있는 취학 연령의 아이들이 있는 부모들과 함께 많은 출시전 반응시험을 했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00102-00054210-00054510": "우리는 그 안에 두 종류의 고객군을 발견했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00103-00054510-00054816": "하나의 고객군은 우리가 평범하게 말할 수 있는 대부분의 부모가 속한 고객군입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00104-00054816-00055416": "그들은 iPad를 가지고있고, 아이들의 게임하는 습관을 다지는플랫폼을 구입하고 싶어합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00105-00055416-00056269": "그리고, 그들은 \"흥미롭네요.\" \"멋진 플랫폼이네요.\" 저도 한번은 확인해보고 싶습니다.\" 그런 반응이었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00106-00056270-00057020": "다른 고객군은 특별한 도움이 필요한 어린이, 자폐아, 감각장애가 있는 부모가 있는 고객군이었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00107-00057020-00057756": "우리가 그들에게 서비스를 보여주자 \"이건 시장을 통째로 바꾸는 서비스네요. 정말로 내 아이에게 변화를 가져올 수 있을 겁니다.\"라는 반응이었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00108-00057756-00058073": "\"베타 테스터가 필요하지 않으세요? 언제 한번 해볼 수 있죠?\"", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00109-00058073-00058303": "매우 다른 종류의 응답이었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00110-00058303-00058846": "우리는 첫번째 고객군인 주류시장을 따라 가기로 결정했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00111-00058846-00059536": "그들은 '우리의 서비스를 필요하는 광팬'을 위해 전문적인 게임을 개발하지 않기로 결심하게 됩니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00112-00059536-00060666": "그들은 미국의 모든 쇼핑몰에있는 Brookstone에 들어갔고,  휴가 기간에 많은 자금을 쏟아 부어 출시합니다. 그런데, 실패하죠. 잘 풀리지 않은 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00113-00060666-00060973": "제가 앞서 언급 한 \"happify\"는 이와는 대조를 이룹니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00114-00060973-00061249": "\"happify\"는 정신 건강앱입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00115-00061250-00061716": "우리는 그것에 대해 사업을 진행하고 있었는데, 그것이 누구를 위한 것인지, 성공할 지에 대해 자신하지는 못했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00116-00061716-00062059": "우리는 고객반응 시험을 통해 몇몇의 다른 그룹을 발견했는데요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00117-00062060-00062360": "이들 중 한 그룹은 빠른 속도로 관심을 가지는 거예요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00118-00062360-00063143": "이들은 최근 직장을 그만두고 육아를 잘하고 싶어하는 집에 머물고 계신 분들이었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00119-00063143-00063479": "그들은 야망이 넘치는 타입 A 사람들이었고 그들은 우을증과 싸우고 있었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00120-00063479-00064020": "그들은 삶의 의미를 잃어버렸죠. 직업을 가진 것을 훈장으로 생각했었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00121-00064020-00064363": "그리고, 이들이 초기 사용자(early adopter)가 되었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00122-00064363-00064589": "하지만, 우리는 그것이 매우 불안했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00123-00064590-00064883": "우리는 이들을 넘어서 성장하지 못할 것 같았습니다. 불안하고 무서웠습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00124-00064883-00065136": "우리는 결국 작은 틈새 시장제품에 머무를 것이 무서웠습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00125-00065136-00065766": "이런 공포가 현명한 단계로 나가지 못하게 하는 그런 류의 공포입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00126-00065766-00066246": "그런데, 이런 공포는 근거가 없다는 것이 밝혀졌습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00127-00066246-00067199": "우리가 그 초기 사용자들을 찾아내고, 우리의 디자인을 반복해서 사용자들을 기쁘게 하고, 사용자들의 욕구를 충족시킬 수 있었을때, 그때 일이 났습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00128-00067200-00068040": "\"happify\"은 (초기 사용자로 구성된) 전체시장의 한 부분을 훨씬 뛰어넘어 성장했고, 그것은 시작이었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00129-00068040-00068356": "여러분은 좋은 틈새시장을 확보해야 합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00130-00068356-00068789": "'여러분의 서비스를 필요하는 광팬'은 여러분의 제품에 특별하신 분들입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00131-00068790-00068966": "여러분의 제품에 대해 어떻게 생각하세요?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00132-00068966-00069633": "참, 어떤 것을 다시 시작하거나 기존 제품에 더 깊은 참여(engagement)를 유도하려는 경우에도 마찬가지이니, 유의하시기 바랍니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00133-00069633-00069863": "'여러분의 서비스를 필요하는 ��팬'을 찾는 것은 이 경우에도많은 도움이 됩니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00134-00069863-00070269": "'여러분의 서비스를 필요하는 광팬'은  연구소에서 얻을 수 있는 일반적인 기기를 시험하는 괴짜들이 아닙니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00135-00070270-00071686": "[필요] 이들은 '구체적인 필요'로 정의할 수 있습니다. 제가 'Rock Band'(비디오 게임)를 만든 Harmonix와 함께 일했을 때, '우리의 서비스를 필요했던 광팬'은 리듬 게임광이었는데, 이미 'Guitar Hero'(비디오 게임)를 연주했어서, 소프트웨어 없이도 편안해 했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00136-00071686-00072313": "그들은 훨씬 더 주류였던 우리의 목표 시장과는 상당히 달랐습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00137-00072313-00072743": "하지만, 그들이 우리의 진정한 파트너였습니다. 우리  'Rock Band'(비디오 게임)에 생명을 불어넣어주었습니다. 그들은 상당히 비판적이었습니다", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00138-00072743-00073559": "SIMS에서 윌 라이트와 함께 일했을 때, 우리의 목표 시장은 평범한 남녀 게이머였습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00139-00073560-00074273": "하지만, 우리의 초기 실험자들은 즉, 우리와 반복해서 아이디어에 생명력을 불어넣었던 사람들은,", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00140-00074273-00074919": "100여명의 시뮬레이션 광들이었습니다. 다양한 컨퍼런스에서 만난 이들은 매우 괴짜들이이었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00141-00074920-00075070": "그들은 만드는 걸 정말 좋아하고,", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00142-00075070-00075706": "그들이 우리의 목표 시장은 아니었지만, 그들은 우리가 만든것을 깨고 새롭게 생명력을 넣도록 했으며, 주류 시장에 들어가는데 도움을 주었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00143-00075706-00076086": "이베이의 첫 제품 책임자인 메리 루 송입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00144-00076086-00077133": "마찬가지로, 내가 이베이와 일할 때, 이베이는 대기업을 따라 잡으려고 했는데요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00145-00077133-00077413": "우리는 시장의 상황을 파악하기 위해서 애쓰고 있었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00146-00077413-00078473": "메리 루는 이베이에 있는 판매자 중에서 뛰어나며, 판매 사이트에서 생계를 꾸려나갈 수 있는 열성적인 초기 판매자들을 모았습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00147-00078473-00079463": "그리고, 평판 시스템, 파워셀러시스템, 이베이 사이트에서 익숙해져 있는 서비스 핵심 윤곽(profile) 등 핵심 시스템을 만들고 있을때 였습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00148-00079463-00080119": "이런 시스템들이 당시에는 존재하지 않았는데요. 하지만, 우리는열성적인 초기 판매자들과 이런 유형의 사용자의견 반영과정(feedback loop)을 운영해서 이런 시스템들을 구축했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00149-00080120-00080443": "\"happify\"의 Ofer Leidner도 비슷했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00150-00080443-00081036": "우리의 시장이 창업자처럼 열심히 달리는 기업가가 될 것이라고 생각했었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00151-00081036-00081346": "많은 사람들은 스스로를 위해 뭔가를 만듭니다. 그렇죠?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00152-00081346-00082049": "우리에게 적합한 시장은 집에 머물러있는 부모가 되었습니다. 집에 머물러있는 부모의 한 구석을 채워주는 것이었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00153-00082050-00083383": "그들은 우리에게 큰 시장으로 성장할 수 있는 기회를 제공하는 첫 번째 교두보를 만들도록 했습니다. 이건 S플랫폼이 가지지 못한 것이지요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00154-00083383-00083719": "[우리는 전체시장을 다 먹을거예요 → 웃겨요] 따라서, 전체시장(TAM)이라는 유혹에 빠지지 마십시오.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00155-00083720-00084040": "TAM은 전체시장(Total Addressable Market )을 말합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00156-00084040-00085006": "이해 관계자가 있다면, 벤처캐피탈에게 사업계획을 발표하는 경우, 전체시장을 담고있는 장표를 가지고 있어야 한다는 것은 모두가 이해 합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00157-00085006-00085883": "하지만, 많은 기업가들이 저지르는 실수는 생각해보세요. 처음에는  \"알았어, 시장을 대표하는 사람들을 찾아 낼거야. 그래서 그들에게 나의 생각을 시험해 볼거야.\"라고 합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00158-00085883-00086679": "여러분에게 어울리는 가장 적은 초기시장(cutting edge early market )은 여러분의 마을에서 '탄광에서 여러분을 구할 카나리아'의 역할을 할 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00159-00086680-00087833": "전체 시장에서 여러분의 서비스를 좋아하는 특정시장을 차별화할 수 있다면, 우선 현재규모를 파악하고, 그 시장에서 아이디어에 생명을 불어 넣으면, 성공의 빠른 길을 걷게 될 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00160-00087833-00088316": "그래��, 저는 여러분이 교두보 시장을 포착하는 것에 대해 깊게 생각하기를 바랍니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00161-00088316-00089263": "그리고, 어떤 제품에 대해 고객의 반을 보고, 어떤 제품을 개발하는 경우가 있을 텐데요, 아이디어를 유효하게 끌어줄 가장자리 수요자층(끝단 조각, edge slice)에 대해 대해 생각해보시글 바랍니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00162-00089263-00090146": "그리고, 여러분이 이런 교두보를 확보하셨다면, 여러분을 성공으로 이끌 기회의 한 축을 확보하신 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00163-00090146-00090633": "여기에서 시작하십시오. 여기서는 아닙니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00164-00090633-00091053": "여기까지가  '여러분의 서비스를 필요하는 광팬'에 대한 작은 이야기 였습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00165-00091053-00091319": "이제, 두번째로 강력한 숙달 경로(Compelling Mastering Path)에 대해 이야기 해 봅시다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00166-00091320-00091643": "고객 여정 (고객 여행일정, Customer Journey)에 대해 아마 들었을겁니다. 그렇죠?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00167-00091643-00091986": "얼마나 많은 사람들이 고객 여정 (고객 여행일정, Customer Journey)을 계획했습니까? 좋아요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00168-00091986-00092306": "이들은 대개 판매를 향한 여정입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00169-00092306-00092779": "따라서 고객여정(고객 여행일정, Customer Journey)에 대해 아는 경우, 여러분들은 게임에서 앞서 나가고 있는 것입니다. 훌륭합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00170-00092780-00093303": "이것은 여정이며, 숙달(mastery)로 나아가는 학습 여정입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00171-00093303-00093883": "게임에서 나오는 개념이지만 모든 제품 디자이너에게 적용될 수 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00172-00093883-00094319": "Kathy Siera에 대해 들어 보신 분 계세요? 와, 굉장하네요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00173-00094320-00095020": "그녀는 정말 훌륭한 디자이너이자 엔지니어입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00174-00095020-00095786": "그녀는 \"여러분의 제품이 아닌, 여러분의 사용자를 한단계 높여라\"라는 말을 좋아하며, 이것이 게임적 상상(Game Thinking)의 핵심 아이디어입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00175-00095786-00096133": "숙달(mastery) 경로 모델에는 네 단계가 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00176-00096133-00096416": "이 단계 중 일부는 사용하기에 친숙해질 것입니다. 일부는 새로운 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00177-00096416-00097403": "① '발견',  처음은 발견입니다. 이는 방문자를 위한 것입니다. 아직은 여러분의 제품을 써보지 않은 사람을 위한 것입니다. 대개 마케팅 메시지의 구성과 관련이 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00178-00097403-00097636": "② '처음사용법단련'(onboarding)", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00179-00097636-00097746": "여러분은 '처음사용법단련'(onboarding)에 대해 알고 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00180-00097746-00098073": "사용자가 요령들을 배우는 곳(learn the ropes)입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00181-00098073-00098316": "③ '습관으로 만들기'(habit-building)", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00182-00098316-00098643": "많은 사람들이 '습관으로 만들기'(habit-building)과  '처음사용법단련'(onboarding)을 혼동합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00183-00098643-00099109": "'습관으로 만들기'(habit-building)은 여러분의 21일째 경험으로 생각할 수 있습니다. 어떻게 생겼을까요?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00184-00099110-00099480": "1일차, 7일차와 어떻게 다른가요?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00185-00099480-00099600": "어떻게 더 나은가요?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00186-00099600-00100216": "제품을 계속 사용하고 있는 사용자가 제품을 사용하며, 더 깊이 들어가기 위해 무엇을 하고 있습니까?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00187-00100216-00100803": "사용자가 더 숙달되어감에따라, 제품이 더 좋아 지도록 만드는 것이 있습니까?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00188-00100803-00101059": "그것은  '습관으로 만들기'(habit-building)이 여러분을 도울 수있는 곳입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00189-00101060-00101200": "④ 숙달(mastery)", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00190-00101200-00101856": "고객의 2 ~ 5 %가 시스템을 숙달(mastery)하여, 더 깊이 가고 싶다는 숙달 단계에 도달 할 수 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00191-00101856-00101989": "그들은 다른 것을 받아들일 준비하고 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00192-00101990-00102596": "게임에서 우리는 이것을 '노인 게임'( the elder game)이라고 부르며, 그 게임은 그라인드 또는 기본을 뛰어 넘는 게임을 말합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00193-00102596-00103676": "[※ 숙달, 특별한 보상 프로그램 필요] 소프트웨어 개발에서는 내 최고의 고객 인 이들 사용자들을 활용하기 위해, 무엇을 할 수 있을지 생각하는 것이 적절합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00194-00103676-00104906": "포인트나 기타의 혜택으로 보상하는 것 뿐 아니라, 어떻게하면 사용자가 자신의 에너지를 사용하여, 지속적인 사용을 하도록 하고, 그때까지 하던 게임과 다른 종류의 게임을 하도록 하느냐는  것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00195-00104906-00105959": "따라서 고객이 숙달되고, 제품에 완전히 익숙해 질 때,  더 나은 경험을 창출하는 것이 중요합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00196-00105959-00106150": "저는 그 순간에 대해 더 이야기 할 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00197-00106150-00106626": "세 번째 아이디어  '습관으로 만들기'(habit-building)의 핵심은 즐거운 학습반복경로(learning loop)의 구축입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00198-00106626-00106836": "이걸 분해해 볼께요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00199-00106836-00107426": "멋진 게임 디자이너 인 다니엘 쿡 (나의 스승이자 가장 소중한 친구 중 한 명)은 이렇게 말하곤 했어요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00200-00107426-00108083": "\"여러분은 반복된 경로를 통해 기술을 배우고, 두뇌 모델을 최신안내글(update)하고 있습니다. 그것이  플레이어를 기쁘게 합니다.\"", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00201-00108083-00109253": "이 말이 어떤 MVP(최소핵심기능제품)을 만들어야 하는지, 새로운 아이디어, 신제품, 새로운 기능을 실제로 구현해야 하는 지 말아야 하는 지에 대해서 이야기하는 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00202-00109253-00109559": "MVP는 최소핵심기능제품을 말하는데요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00203-00109559-00110009": "소프트웨어를 개발할 때 얼마나 많은 분께서  MVP(최소핵심기능제품)를 만드시나요?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00204-00110009-00110243": "네, 많네요. 정말 멋져요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00205-00110243-00110573": "여기서 질문이 있습니다. 올바른 MVP(최소핵심기능제품)는 무엇입니까?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00206-00110573-00111249": "세상에는 하나의 정답이 있는 것은 아니지만, 인터넷에서 검색을 해보면, 많은 사람들이 가짜 방문 웹사이트(landing page)를 만들라는 이야기를 합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00207-00111250-00111636": "또한, 가짜 방문 웹사이트(landing page)를 구축해주겠다는 컨설팅 회사도 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00208-00111636-00111969": "그러나, 저는 여러분에게 4단계의 여정을 이야기 했었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00209-00111970-00112776": "가짜 방문 웹사이트(landing page)는 어떤 단계의 여정입니까?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00210-00112776-00113059": "발견. 딩동댕. 네, 맞습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00211-00113059-00113320": "가짜 방문 웹사이트(landing page)는 마케팅 메시지를 시험하는데 사용하는 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00212-00113320-00113459": "그게 끝입니다. 그것도 훌륭합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00213-00113459-00114143": "하지만, 이는 제품 경험을 시험하거나, 고객을 계속해서 유지하는 것과 관련이 없습니다. 아무 관련이 없습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00214-00114143-00114579": "그리고, 때로는 이제 겨우 시작인데, 가짜 방문 웹사이트(landing page) 정도로 끝이라고 생각하는 경우도 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00215-00114580-00115209": "따라서, 여러분이 여러분 제품에 대한 깊이있는 참여(engagement)를 원할 경우가 있다고 해도,  사용자는 실제로 갈 곳이 없을 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00216-00115209-00115663": "자, 스키너 박사의 박스로 알려진 조작적 조건(Operant Conditioning)은 반복 시행은 어떤가 볼까요?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00217-00115663-00116076": "이 그림은 Charles Duhigg의 \"습관의 힘\"이라는 책에서 나온 것 입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00218-00116076-00117159": "그리고, 많은 사람들이 \"아, 그게 해결책이야\"이라고 생각합니다. 게임요소사용(gamification) 할 수 있다고 생각하거나 이 책을 읽은 사람은 실제로 이 방법을 사용합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00219-00117159-00117720": "그들은 \"그래, 조작 할 수 있을 것 같네. 내가 원하는 행동을 하면 보상해줄 수 있고, 음 그럼 다 됐네.\"", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00220-00117720-00118083": "그런데, 다양한 사례에서, 그렇게 조작하는 것은 여러분들을 그런 결과로 이어지도록 데려다 주지 않는 다는 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00221-00118083-00118313": "단지 그런 조작은 아주 짧은 기간만 참여(engagement)하도록 할 수 있을 뿐입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00222-00118313-00118909": "단기간에 통계 수치는 올라 가지만, 장기적인 참여(engagement) 관점에서 보면 역효과를 보인다는 것을 알 수 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00223-00118909-00119820": "이런 조작은 역효과을 가져옵니다. 내부적으로 동기가 부여되어야 장기적인 참여(engagement)를 유도합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00224-00119820-00120146": "뭘 빼먹었나요? 사용자를 위한 기술습득(skill-building)이 빠졌습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00225-00120146-00120959": "사용자를 위한 기술습득(skill-building)은 여러분의 제품보다는 고객을 더웃 멋지게하며, 사용자를 한 단계 높은 위치에 도달하게 하는 방법입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00226-00120959-00121280": "그것이, 장기간의 사용자 참여(engagement)의 비결입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00227-00121280-00121736": "내가 해왔던 모든 성공자들은 이것을 중심에 담고 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00228-00121736-00122253": "우리는 정말로 '시간이 지남에 따라 더 나아지는 경험'을 어떻게 만들 수 있을 지 생각했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00229-00122253-00122576": "여러분은 여러분에게\"내가 무엇을 가져갈 수 있지?\" 같은 질문을 할 수 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00230-00122576-00123393": "따라서, 고객에게 모든 것을 미리 주는 것이 아니라, 여러분이 시간을 두고 그것을 개발하고, 고객을 학습 여정에 참여(engagement)시켜야 합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00231-00123393-00124156": "이 도표는 게임적 상상(Game Thinking)이라는 제 책에 나온 것인데요. 자세히 설명하고 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00232-00124156-00125243": "이 도표는 제가 방금 말했던 성공에 대해 제가 배운 것을 나타내는데요, 그 성공들은 제가 일한 다른 모든 제품과는 다른 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00233-00125243-00126079": "x축은 숙달(mastery)하는 여정입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00234-00126080-00126526": "y축은 개발자의 여정입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00235-00126526-00126716": "뭐가 보이세요?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00236-00126716-00127596": "장기간 참여(engagement)를 만들고 이를 처음부터 구축하는 가장 좋은 방법은  '습관으로 만들기'(habit-building)에 초점을 맞추는 것에서 시작하는 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00237-00127596-00128529": "'처음단련'(onboarding)이 아니며, 발견(discovery)도 아니며, 숙달(mastery)도 아닙니다. 여러분의 서비스 사용한 지 21일째의 경험을 느낄 수 있도록 최대한 빨리 돌아가게 해야 합니다. 최대한 빨리 말이죠.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00238-00128530-00128790": "이것은 여러분이 직관적으로 느끼는 것과 다르게 느껴질 지도 모릅니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00239-00128790-00130083": "다시 한번 강조해요, 내가 성공한 모든 획기적인 프로젝트성공과 내가 성공한 모든 위대한 게임은 MVP(최소핵심기능제품)로 시작하는이 원칙을 따랐습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00240-00130083-00131113": "그래서 저는 이 접근 방식을 사용하는 회사의 사례를 게임적 상상(Game Thinking)인지 성공 여부를 알았는지 여부에 관계없이 알려 드리려고합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00241-00131113-00131486": "얼마나 많은 사람들이 슬랙을 들어봤습니까? 좋아요, 많네요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00242-00131486-00132179": "여러분은 슬랙이 출시되기전, 3년 간 내부개발에 대해 알지 못하겠죠.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00243-00132180-00132806": "글리치 (glitch)라는 멀티 플레이어 협동 게임을 제작하는 사람들을 위한 내부 도구로 시작되었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00244-00132806-00132983": "그들은 다른 도시에서 일했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00245-00132983-00133269": "그래서, 그들은 IRC위에 만들었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00246-00133270-00133686": "그것이 그를 슬랙으로 돌려 놓은 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00247-00133686-00133873": "슬랙의 숙달경로를 살펴 보겠습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00248-00133873-00134333": "거기에는 여러분과 여러분의 일에 영향을 줄 수있는 재미있는 단서가 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00249-00134333-00134629": "[슬랙 에서의 발견] 슬랙을 발견하게 하는 것은 대체로 페이스북과 같은 소셜 네트워크입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00250-00134630-00135086": "요즘의 IT 부서에서는 이와 같은 일을 여러분에게 부여합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00251-00135086-00136226": "하지만, 대부분의 사람들은 친구를 통해, 혹은 동료들을 통해서 발견합니다. 확인해보세요.  이는 사람들이 게임을 발견하는 방식과 매우 유사합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00252-00136226-00136426": "[슬랙사례에서의 '처음사용법단련'(onboarding)]은 매우 흥미롭습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00253-00136426-00136599": "여러분은 모두 그것을 경험했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00254-00136600-00137543": "'처음사용법단련'(onboarding)은 봇(bot)이 친절한 도움이되는 방식으로 일대일로 합니다. 몇가지 반복과정을 배우면,", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00255-00137543-00138033": "슬랙은 동료와 함께해야하는 멀티플레이어 환경에 넣어버립니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00256-00138033-00138316": "이건 바로 게임 세계의 각본(playbook)에서 나온 것이죠.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00257-00138316-00139243": "얼마나 많은 분이 게임을 해보셨나요? 봇(bot)이나 안내 상자들을 통해 몇 가지를 가르쳐주는 안내 수준에서 가르쳐 주지 않나요?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00258-00139243-00139799": "총쏘기과 달리기 연습을 한 다음 게임의 멀티 플레이 부분에 들어갔지 않나요?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00259-00139800-00140323": "아무도 없나요? 콘솔 게임이나 대부분의 게임은 아마도 같을걸요?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00260-00140323-00141066": "이것이  게임 세계의 각본(playbook)에서 나온 것입니다. 슬랙은 게임요소사용(gamification) 같은 것이 없습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00261-00141066-00141769": "그것은 단지 학습을 돕는 훌륭한 게임의 기본 구조를 가지고 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00262-00141770-00142356": "'습관으로 만들기'(habit-building)는 SLACK을 여러분 것으로 만드는 것입니다. 사용자 정의(customization)이죠.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00263-00142356-00142783": "색상을 설정하는 방법 같은 것을 배우게 되고요. 몇 가지를 더 배웁니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00264-00142783-00143273": "이모지 사용법을 배우게됩니다. 어쩌면 여러분은 잠시 후 자신의 채널을 시작할 수도 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00265-00143273-00143619": "[슬랙에서의 숙달] 숙달(mastery)은 이런 선상에서 계속됩니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00266-00143620-00143880": "채널을 시작할 수 있습니다. 계속 더 활용할 수 있도록 하고 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00267-00143880-00144026": "여러분 자신의 봇(bot)을 프로그래밍 할 수 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00268-00144026-00144583": "슬랙 생태계에서 앱을 통합하거나, 슬랙에게 투자를 신청할 수도 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00269-00144583-00145103": "여기서 주목해야 할 것은 마치 단순한 기능의 뒤죽박죽이 아니라는 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00270-00145103-00145639": "슬랙은 처음부터 일관된 어떤 선을 넘지 않는다는 것입니다. 슬랙이 안하는 것을 생각해보세요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00271-00145640-00145960": "거기에는 경쟁 같은 것이 없습니다. 지도자 판(Leader Board)도 없습니다. 그런 것은 없습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00272-00145960-00146613": "슬랙 내부에서 이런것을 넣어야 하는 것 아니야 라는 논쟁이 있었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00273-00146613-00147193": "그러나, 그들은 모 두들이 모두 하나의 수준에서 협업되기를 원했기 때문에 그 기능을 넣지 않기로 결정했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00274-00147193-00147593": "자, 여러분의 제품에서는 이런 일관된 개념이 어떤 것인지 생각해 보시기 바랍니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00275-00147593-00147843": "다른 모든 것을 정리하는 어떤 것이 있나요?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00276-00147843-00148103": "이것이 여러분의 기능들에 우선 순위를 부여하는 데 도움이됩니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00277-00148103-00148629": "50개의 기능을 보고 있어요. 여러분이 흰색판(white board) 위에 올리고 싶은데요. 여러분은 단지 3개만 만들 수 있는 경우가 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00278-00148630-00148970": "[슬랙의 즐거운 학습] 슬랙의 즐거운 학습을 살펴 봅시다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00279-00148970-00149480": "우선, 학습도화선(계기, trigger)입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00280-00149480-00149883": "학습반복경로(learning loop)에는 일종의 학습도화선(계기, trigger)이 있어야하고, 이것은 외부에 혹은 내부에 아니면 둘다에 둘 수 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00281-00149883-00150119": "이런 도화선이 여러분을 경험하도록 끌어들입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00282-00150120-00150560": "슬랙은 외부에 학습도화선(계기, trigger)이 있습니다. notification(알림)들이 학습도화선 역할을 합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00283-00150560-00150943": "그러나, 실제로 여러분의 학습을 자극하는 것은 FOMO, '놓쳐 버리는 것에 대한 두려움'(fear of missing out)입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00284-00150943-00151886": "슬랙를 사용하고 24시간 동안 접속(login)하지 않았고, 여러분의 팀에서 계속 사용하고 있는 경우, 슬랙에 들어가서 무슨 일이 일어나고 있는지 알고 싶어질 겁니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00285-00151886-00153043": "핵심 활동,  모든 소셜 미디어의 학습반복경로(learning loop)는 대개가 비슷해서 읽기, 최신안내글(update)에 대해 피드백(feedback)하는 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00286-00153043-00153293": "그것은 여러분이 슬랙을 사용할 때 하는 일입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00287-00153293-00154183": "피드백(feedback). 모든 훌륭한 학습반복경로(learning loop)에는 수정 과정이 있습니다. 일종의 기술습득(skill-building)에 대한 피드백(feedback)이 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00288-00154183-00154419": "이것이 여러분이 올바른 길에 있는지를 알려줍니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00289-00154420-00154760": "우리 인간은 피드백(feedback) 없이는 배울 수 없습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00290-00154760-00155260": "슬랙은 매우 흥미롭습니다. 슬랙의 피드백(feedback)은 정말 간단합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00291-00155260-00155666": "내가 보내준 최신안내글(update)을 읽었습니다. 그게 전부입니다. 내 모든 최신안내글(update)를 읽었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00292-00155666-00155893": "너무 단순해 보입니다. 거의 간과 할 수 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00293-00155893-00156393": "그러나, 모든 최신안내글(update)을 읽었는지 여부가, 슬랙을 사용한다면 중요한 사항입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00294-00156393-00156559": "자, 그것을 확인하십시오.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00295-00157013-00157636": "슬랙은 모든 최신안내글(update)를 읽었다는 간단한 메시지에 다양한 다양성과 유머를 추가했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00296-00157636-00157866": "여기에 많은 메시지 중 3가지를 보여드리겠습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00297-00157866-00158149": "여러분은 아마 이것들을 보았고 여러분들을 미소 짓게 만들었을 겁니다, 그렇죠?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00298-00158150-00158880": "몇몇의 프로젝트 관리자와 디자이너가 자원들을 이 프로젝트에 투입하기로 결정한 것입니다. 그렇겠죠?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00299-00158880-00159056": "왜 그럴 수 있다고 생각하시나요?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00300-00159056-00159999": "그것은 여러분의 여정, 슬랙을 사용하는 여러분의 감정적인 여정에서 중요한 순간이기 때문입니다. 그래서 그들은 이런 것들을 강화해서, 사람들이 흥미롭도록 하겠다고 결정한 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00301-00160000-00160460": "여러분에게 이런 메시지를 그냥 주기 보다는 말이죠. 자 여기있어요라고 툭던지는 정도로 끝내기 보다는요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00302-00160460-00160986": "여러분의 앱의 피드백(feedback)은 어떤가 생각해보시기를 바랍니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00303-00160986-00161476": "21일째의 경험은 무엇입니까? 여러분의 시장(Market Place), 여러분이 하고 있는 어떤 것에서의 21일째 경험은 무엇인가요?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00304-00161476-00162359": "사용자는 어떤일을 하기 위해서 여러분의 서비스를 쓰는데, 실제로 해야 할 일에 더 도움이되는 피드백(feedback)을 실제로 어떻게 전달할 수 있습니까?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00305-00162360-00162976": "슬랙에서는 진보가 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00306-00162976-00163596": "매우 강력한 학습반복경로(learning loop)에서 진보를 느낍니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00307-00163596-00163903": "다시 슬랙으로 와서, 사용자 정의(customization)입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00308-00163903-00164293": "사용자는 나아지고 있다고 생각할텐데요. 이용 경로(interface)에서 게임처럼 보이는 것은 없습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00309-00164293-00164846": "사용자들이 깊게 깊게 들어감에따라, 슬랙의 층들이 펼쳐집니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00310-00164846-00165243": "슬랙 봇(bot)이 갑자기 나타나 \"이걸 배우셨쟎아요, 이제 이걸 해보시죠?\" 라고 말합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00311-00165243-00166396": "따라서 많은 게임이 가지고 있는 리듬과 구조 같은 것이 해석되어서 도입되어 있습니다. 아시다시피 상당히 직선적인 업무그룹도구(work group tools)에 도입되어 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00312-00166396-00167156": "그리고 나서, \"사용자 여러분, 여러분의 알림을 사용자정의(customize)하지 않는 이유는 무엇입니까? 여러분이 더 나아졌습니다. 여러분이 그것을 할 수 있다는 것을 알고 계시지 않나요?\"", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00313-00167156-00167469": "그리고, 이런 것들이 반복과정(loop) 를 닫는 데 도움이됩니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00314-00167470-00168536": "알다시피, 알림을 사용자 지정하면, 해당하는 알림을 켜 놓을 수 있고, 알림을 통해 프로그램으로 돌아가서, 다시 반복과정(loop)으로 돌아갈 수 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00315-00168536-00169363": "따라서, 많은 투자와 나아지고 있다는 생각들이 여러분의 학습도화선(계기, trigger)을 타게하고, 여러분을 다시 돌아오게 합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00316-00169363-00169709": "자, 다른 사례를 살펴 보도록 하겠습니다. 킥스타터를 시작합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00317-00169710-00170136": "얼마나 많은 사람들이 킥스타터를 사용하신 적이 있나요? 좋아요, 꽤 되군요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00318-00170136-00170773": "혹시 캠페인을 운영 한 적이 있으신 분 계신가요? 좋아요, 그래서 캠페인에 돈을 투자한 분이 대부분이시군요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00319-00170773-00171489": "킥스타터도 역시 다른 거대한 성공작들 처럼, 서비스를 필요하는 광팬에게 집중했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00320-00171490-00171840": "킥스타터는 처음에 예술가들에 초점을 맞추었고,", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00321-00171840-00172616": "킥스타터는 예술가들에게 초점을 맞추는 데 몇 년을 보냈습니다. 오늘날은 예술가 이외에도 다양한 고객을 가진 거대한 플랫폼으로 성장했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00322-00172616-00173629": "킥스타터는 고객의 범위를 좁혀('예술가'),  핵심 반복과정(loop), 핵심 시스템을 만들어서, 자신들의 아이디어를 실현해나갔습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00323-00173630-00174206": "일단,  그들은 초기 시장이었던 그 교두보 시장을 점령하자, 그들은 더 확장 할 수있는 위치에 있게됩니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00324-00174206-00174676": "킥스타터의 숙달경로는 슬랙과는 많이 다르며,  흥미롭습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00325-00174676-00175223": "소셜네트워크를 통한 발견이지만, 최신 안내글(update)와 입소문은 거의 같습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00326-00175223-00175719": "대부분의 사람들이 킥스타터에 대해 알게되는 방식은 특정 캠페인을 통해서 입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00327-00175720-00176426": "사람들은 이메일, whatsapp 메시지를 받거나, 트위터 최신안내글(update), 여기서 보는 Facebook 최신안내글(update)를 보게됩니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00328-00176426-00176826": "그리고 그들은 \"오, 저것 좀 봐. 흥미롭다. 한번 살펴보자\"라고 말할 겁니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00329-00176826-00177396": "[ '처음사용법단련'(onboarding)]  킥스타터의  '처음사용법단련'(onboarding).은 슬랙, 그리고, 내가 말하고자 하는 또 다른 사례와는 다릅니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00330-00177396-00177676": "그것은 손쉬운 탐색입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00331-00177676-00178363": "킥스타터는 몇 년 동안 점점 더 쉽게 탐색 할 수있는 이용경로(interface)를 발전시켰습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00332-00178363-00178663": "이들은,  추천 엔진과 함께 일부 백앤드 인공지능(smarts)을 합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00333-00178663-00179193": "그러나, 이용경로(interface)의 상당 부분은 여러분을 클릭해서 안으로 들어가게하는 우아한 디자인입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00334-00179193-00179786": "다른 것들을 탐색하기 쉽게되었고,  여러분은 스스로 배우기 시작합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00335-00179786-00180373": "'습관으로 만들기'(habit-building). 킥스타터는 대중 모금을 하고자/받고자 하는 사람을 위한 사이트입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00336-00180373-00180659": "킥스타터는 '성공'을 기반으로 합니다. 여러분의 프로젝트가 성공해야 그 프로젝트가 진행됩니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00337-00180660-00181396": "일단 여러분이 투자하고, 게임에 참여합니다. 여러분은 투자한 프로젝트가 성공하기를 원합니다,", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00338-00181396-00181536": "이길수도 질수도 있는 상태에 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00339-00181536-00181679": "목표 모금액에 도달하지 못할 수도 있거든요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00340-00181680-00181933": "그래서, 여러분은 그 프로젝트가 어떻게 되고 있는지 확인하기 위한 의욕을 느끼게 됩니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00341-00181933-00182126": "최신 안내글(update)를 신청할 수도 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00342-00182126-00182509": "프로젝트 모금이 잘 안되고 있고, 시간은 계속 흘러간다면, 여러분은 주변 사람들에게 프로젝트 모금 정보를 공유할 겁니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00343-00182510-00182696": "여러분이 정말로 성공하기를 원하기 때문입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00344-00182696-00182919": "네가 그런 종류의 행동을 모두들 보았을 거라 생각합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00345-00182920-00183203": "어쩌면, 여러분 스스로도 경험했을 겁니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00346-00183203-00184133": "숙달(mastery)은 기부자였던 어떤 사람이 자신의 프로젝트를 운영하는 사람으로 전환하는 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00347-00184133-00185339": "\"좋아, 나도 해볼꺼야, 내 프로젝트를 시작해야지.\" 킥스타터는 프로젝트의 진행과정을 파악하는데 도움이되는 여러 종류의 도구를 제공합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00348-00185340-00185763": "그들은 \"오, 여러분은 모금 5일째입니다. 최신안내글(update)을 보내야하지 않을까요?\"라고 제안합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00349-00185763-00186333": "프로젝트를 운영하는 사람들을 지지합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00350-00186333-00187196": "다시 말하지만, 이 플랫폼은 사용에 익숙해지면서 더 좋아지는 플랫폼입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00351-00187196-00188133": "킥스타터를 통한 즐거운 학습반복경로(learning loop). 학습도화선(계기, trigger)은 여러분의 최신안내글(update)에 대한 반응을 말합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00352-00188133-00188509": "킥스타터의 핵심활동은 캠페인을 '탐색'하는 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00353-00188510-00188940": "사용자가 캠페인을 살펴보고 있으면, 킥스타터는 다른 캠페인을 권유합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00354-00188940-00189290": "동영상을 볼 수도 있으며, 얼마나 많은 사람들이 기증했는지 볼 수도  있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00355-00189290-00189530": "다시 말하지만, 킥스타터에는 손쉬운 가벼운 탐색이 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00356-00189530-00189826": "그것은 정말로 사람들이 계속 이 사이트로 돌아오게 합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00357-00189826-00190203": "킥스타터는 즐겁게 지낼 수 있도록 열심히 했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00358-00190203-00190793": "피드백(feedback)은 모금과 관련됩니다. 특히, 캠페인을 운영하는 사람과 관련이 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00359-00190793-00191276": "아무도 모금에 참여하지 않는다면, 캠페인이 효과적이지 않아요 또는 동영상이 매력적이지 않아요라는 피드백(feedback)이 되는 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00360-00191276-00192586": "피드백(feedback)이 캠페인을 운영하는 사람을 위한 것이라면, \"안녕, 이것이 여러분에게 의미가 있을 거예요.\"라는 피드백(feedback)도 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00361-00192586-00192983": "일단 모금 캠페인에 응하면, 마법이 시작됩니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00362-00192983-00193943": "킥스타터는 기품있게 합니다. 여러분이 모금에 응한 다음, 그것을 공유하라고 합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00363-00193943-00194626": "\"축하해요, 당신은 이제 팀의 일원이 되셨네요. 다른 사람들도 알 수 있도록 최신 안내글(update)을 공유해주세요.\"라고 합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00364-00194626-00195166": "그러면, 그 순간 여러분은 더 깊게 여러분 자신을 투자하는 것이 됩니다. 왜냐하면, 여러분은 여러분이 기부했다고 사람들에게 공표했기 때문입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00365-00195166-00195443": "그것이 여러분을 그 프로젝트에 유형/무형의 더 많은 투자를 하도록 합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00366-00195443-00196296": "그리고나서, 이들 지분들이 다른 사람들을 끌어들이는 데 사용할 반복과정(loop)를 닫는 학습도화선(계기, trigger)이 됩니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00367-00196296-00197396": "킥스타터는 슬랙  처럼 여러분이 하면 할 수록 더 좋아지는 그런 플랫폼을 만들었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00368-00197396-00197563": "여러분은 계속 깊게 들어가 볼 수 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00369-00197563-00198176": "그리고, 점점 더 많이 들어가면 새로운 요소가 펼쳐집니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00370-00198176-00198493": "이것이 장기간 참여하게 하는 것의 비밀이기도 합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00371-00198493-00198926": "정말 다른 사례를 살펴 보도록 하겠습니다. 멋진 아이디어가 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00372-00198926-00199296": "얼마나 많은 사람들이 duoLingo를 사용해보셨나요? 굉장해요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00373-00199296-00199466": "이것은 언어 학습 앱입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00374-00199466-00199846": "과테말라 컴퓨터 과학자 Luis Von Ahn이 만들었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00375-00199846-00200136": "다시 한번 강조하지만, 루이스도 모든 사람을 고객이라고 생각하고 이것을 만들지는 않았습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00376-00200136-00201016": "그는 과테말라의 한 마을에  가난하지만, 영어를 배우기를 원했으나, 돈 이없는 사람들을 알고 있다는 것을 알았기 때문에 그는 앱을 만들 동기가 생기게 되었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00377-00201016-00201389": "당시, 로제타스톤이 있었습니다만,", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00378-00201390-00202563": "수백, 수천 달러로 비쌌고, 그는 영어를 배우려는 사람들을 돌볼 수있는 무료 앱을 만들고 싶었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00379-00202563-00202689": "그래서 그 점에서 시작되었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00380-00202690-00203693": "그리고, 적어도 첫 해와 아마도 몇 년간은 duoLingo가 그 특정 사용사례를 위한 앱이었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00381-00203693-00204009": "물론, duoLingo는 그 이상으로 성장했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00382-00204010-00204923": "다시한번 또 강조하지만, 여러분이 크게 성장하고 싶다면, 틈을 파세요. 정말 틈을 파세요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00383-00204923-00205439": "[숙달 패턴] duoLingo의 숙달패턴은 굉장합니다. 보기가 쉽고 눈에 들어옵니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00384-00205440-00206233": "[발견] 아주 간단한 메시지를 가지고 있습니다. '언어를 무료로 배운다'입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00385-00206233-00206519": "그들은 그 메시지로부터 이탈하지 않았습니다. 수년 동안 동일 했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00386-00206519-00206906": "그리고, 그것은 매우 효과적이었어요. 왜냐하면, 여러분은 어디에 전력을 기울이지는지 명확히 알수 있기 때문입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00387-00206906-00207239": "duoLingo에서  '처음사용법단련'(onboarding)은 매우 흥미롭습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00388-00207240-00207580": "이것은 언어 수준설정에 관한 것입니다. OK?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00389-00207580-00208136": "duoLingo에 들어온 ��용자들은 배울려는 언어에 따라 다른 수순을 가질 수 있을 겁니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00390-00208136-00208266": "어떻게 그걸 처리해야하죠?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00391-00208266-00208443": "글쎄요, duoLingo 그들에게 질문을 하는 방식을 택했어요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00392-00208443-00208923": "duoLingo는 여러분이 언어 배움에 얼마나 집중적으로 할 것인지를 말해달라고 물어봅니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00393-00208923-00209369": "2주 후에 여행이 다가오셔서 빨리 배워야 하는 사람 기준으로 가르쳐 드려요? 아니면 평소대로 하면 보통의 정도로 가르쳐도 되나요?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00394-00209369-00209923": "여러분이 초보자인지 묻습니다. 초보자가 아니라면, 어떤 수준에서 할 지  배치심사를 치를 수도 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00395-00209923-00210523": "많은 사용자들은 생각합니다. \"오, 그건  '처음사용법단련'(onboarding)이라기에는 너무 많은 눌러야 하네요. 바로 들어갈 수 있어야 할 것 같네요.\"", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00396-00210523-00211563": "그러나 사실, duoLingo가 하는 일은 여러분이 있는 곳에서 만나는 것입니다. 이로써 훌륭한 첫 경험을 제공하는 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00397-00211563-00211949": "이것은 모든 앱 제품의 '처음사용법단련'(onboarding)에 대한 올바른 접근법은 아닙니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00398-00211950-00212523": "그러나, 여러분의 제품에 다른 방식/수준으로 들어온다면, 고려해야 할 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00399-00212523-00213186": "얼마나 많은 분이 명상 앱 headspace를 사용해보셨나요? 좋아요. 여러분은 사용하지 않은 분께 묻습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00400-00213186-00213349": "그것을 다운로드하고, 써 보세요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00401-00213350-00213726": "Headspace는  '처음사용법단련'(onboarding)이 매우 유사합니다. 수준 설정에 관한 것을 경험할 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00402-00213726-00213893": "그들은 여러분에게 많은 질문을 합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00403-00213893-00214406": "그리고, 수 많은 추천을 하는데, 직관적이지 않습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00404-00214406-00214853": "하지만, 이 앱에는 그게 맞다고 생각이 들고, headspace는 엄청나게 성공했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00405-00214853-00215109": "그것들은 꽤 잘 작동합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00406-00215110-00215343": "자, duoLingo에서의  '습관으로 만들기'(habit-building)을 살펴 봅시다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00407-00215343-00216499": "루이스 폰 안 (Luis Von Ahn)은 일반 게임과 닮은 것을 넣어서, 효과적인 언어 학습을 유도합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00408-00216500-00217240": "사용자 여러분은 그것들을 볼 수 있고, 궤도에 있는지, 이탈했는지를 알려주는 피드백(feedback)을 받습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00409-00217240-00217506": "duoLingo는 긍정적인 피드백(feedback)을 제공합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00410-00217506-00218039": "비록 여러분이 실패하더라도, 그것을 하지 않고, 여러분이 어떤 것을 하더라도, duoLingo는 여러분이 계속 가도록 격려합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00411-00218040-00218786": "duoLingo는 게임에서 사용하는 많은 요소(gamification) 를 사용합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00412-00218786-00219976": "그러나, duoLingo의  게임요소사용(gamification)과 많은 비효율적 인  게임요소사용(gamification)의 차이점은 이것은 게임역학이 우선이 아닌 디자인라는 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00413-00219976-00220469": "여정이 우선인 디자인으로, 이런 게임역학이 여정을 지원하는 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00414-00220469-00221050": "장기간 참여(engagement)를 원하지만, 게임역학을 위에 올려놓으면 장기간 참여를 만들어 낼 수 없습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00415-00221050-00221400": "하지만, 게임역학 자체가 나쁜 것이 아닙니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00416-00221400-00222133": "이런 게임역학은 게임에서 가장 효과적으로 작동합니다. 또한, 언어 학습 앱 또는 여러분의 제품에서도 효과적일 수 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00417-00222133-00223243": "핵심 역정, 핵심 경험을 생각한 다음, 역학을 이를 지원하기 위해 사용한다면 역학이 가장 효과적으로 동작할 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00418-00223243-00223973": "[숙달]  duoLingo는 콘텐츠 돌파(unlocking content)에 관한 것이고, 이런 콘텐츠 돌파(unlocking content)한 것들에 관한 지도를 만듭니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00419-00223973-00224616": "그래서, 여러분은 \"와, 이게 내가 지금까지 돌파(unlocking)한 것\"이고, 계속 노력하면 계속 더 많은 콘텐츠 돌파(unlocking content)한 것를 볼 수 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00420-00224616-00225259": "게임에서 매우 익숙한 구조인데요, 언어 앱이라는  교육 환경에서 제공되었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00421-00225260-00226306": "���라서, 콘텐츠가 많은 앱을 다루는 사업을 하는 경우, 어떻게 보일지, 어떻게 사람들의 참여(engagement)를 유지할 수 있을지 생각하면, 이와 같은 것은 매우 강력한 것일 겁니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00422-00226306-00226533": "많은 사람들이 \"오, 해냈어\"라고 생각하게됩니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00423-00226533-00226839": "특히, 여러분의 고객이 여러분에게 돈을 지불한다면,  우리는 그들에게 모든 것을 이렇게/저렇게 보여줘야 합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00424-00226840-00227080": "그러나, 이것은 좋은 사용자 경험이 아닙니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00425-00227080-00227886": "여러분이 duoLingo가 하는 것과 유사한 일을 한다면, 우리가 언제 붙잡을 지(holdback) 정하세요. 그리고, 설득력 있는 방식으로 표현해보세요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00426-00227886-00228399": "그것들은 사람들을 흥미를 가지게 하고, 흥분하게 합니다. 왜냐하면, 계속해서 할 거리들이 있기 때문입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00427-00228400-00228533": "There's more they can unlock. 더 많은 사람들이 돌파(unlock) 할 수 있는 것들이 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00428-00228533-00228956": "이는 사람들의 참여(engagement)를 유지하는 가장 효과적인 방법 중 하나일 수 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00429-00228956-00229226": "학습을 살펴 봅시다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00430-00229226-00230043": "duoLingo의 경우, 사람들이 매일 최신안내글(update)이 외부 학습도화선(계기, trigger)입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00431-00230043-00230643": "언어를 배우려는 내부 욕망 또한 사용자 여러분을 움직이게 합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00432-00230643-00231033": "그래서, 최종적인 핵심 활동은 미니 게임들을 완성하는 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00433-00231033-00231833": "여러분이 위로, 위로, 더 위로 올라가더라도, 여러분은 여전히 더 많은 미니 게임이 있을 것이라고 생각할 수 있을 것이며, 더 많은 것을 하게 되며, 더 열심히 보게 됩니다", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00434-00231833-00232583": "만약, 미니게임이 짧다면, 버스를 기다리는 시간이 예를들어 5 분이 남았다면, 여러분은 duoLingo를 꺼내서 조금씩 할 수 있다는 것을 의미합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00435-00232583-00232819": "간단 게임(casual game)처럼 할 수 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00436-00232819-00233240": "duoLingo의 피드백(feedback)은 매우 게임화되어 있지만, 매우 효과적입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00437-00233240-00234383": "보상해주기, 배지 주기, 콘텐츠 돌파(unlocking content) 같은 것들은 또 다른 형태의 피드백(feedback)이고, 더 잘할 수있는 일에 대해 더 잘 알고 있음을 알 수 있게 보여주는 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00438-00234383-00235323": "그리고, 실력이 늘어감과 학습에 대한 투자는 콘텐츠 돌파(unlocking content) 하고, 보상을 얻는것으로 구체화됩니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00439-00235323-00235616": "그리고, 이것은 또한 잃어버림에 대한 혐오까지도 만듭니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00440-00235616-00235796": "그것은 나갈려는 것에 대한 장벽을 만듭니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00441-00235796-00236146": "많은 콘텐츠를 통해 길을 만들었으면, 더 많이 가봐야 겠다는 것도 알게 됩니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00442-00236146-00236483": "친구가 \"오, 여기 멋진 언어 학습 앱이 있어\"라고 알려줍니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00443-00236483-00236769": "여러분은 그것을 살펴보겠죠. 그런데 우리는 이미 상당한 열정을 투자했쟎아요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00444-00236769-00237093": "더구나, 여러분은 여러분이 투자한 열정으로 얻을 수 있는 것이 더 많이 있다는 것도 알고 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00445-00237093-00237729": "더 높은 수준의 콘텐츠를  돌파(unlock)할 수 있는 권한을 가지고 있어서, 여러분들은 거기에 계속있게 할 겁니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00446-00237730-00238546": "요약하자면, 기술습득(skill-building)은 고객을 더욱 멋지게 만드는 기술입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00447-00238546-00239519": "학습반복경로(learning loop)은 어떻게 고객을 보다 능숙하게 만들 수 있는지에 대한 역학입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00448-00239519-00240233": "그리고, 숙달 경로는 여러분이 여러분의 경험을 생각하고, 구조화 할 수있는 방법입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00449-00240233-00240746": "고객이 더욱 숙달되어감에 따라 더 나아질 수 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00450-00240746-00241363": "이 방법은 전 세계에서 작동합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00451-00241363-00241863": "저는 모든 대륙의 수천 명의 기업가들과 함께 일해오고 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00452-00241863-00242653": "그리고 게임적 상상(Game Thinking)를 잘 적용하면 제품시장에서 10 배를 할 수 있다는 것을 알았습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00453-00242653-00243109": "그들은 6개월이 걸릴 수도 있는 것을 8주면 할수도 있을 겁니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00454-00243110-00243576": "그들 중 한 분이 바로 인도에 있습니다. Pune에있는 Vinayek Jogular 입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00455-00243576-00243906": "그는 IT 아웃소싱 회사인 Synerzip의 설립자입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00456-00243906-00244243": "매우 성공적입니다. 3 개 도시의 500 명의 직원을 보유하고 계시죠.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00457-00244243-00245446": "그는 HR 관리자를 위한 AI기반 도구였던 자신의 프로젝트를 게임적 상상(Game Thinking)을 사용하여, 회사의 새로운 수익원으로 전환 시켰습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00458-00245446-00245783": "암스테르담에있는 Robin Allenson씨 입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00459-00245783-00246273": "네덜란드 출신이 있으신가요? 와우. 네덜란드 대표시네요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00460-00246273-00246833": "Robin Allenson은 AI 회사를 운영하는 훌륭한 그리고 늘 새로운 일을 하는 기업가(serial entrepreneur)입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00461-00246833-00247393": "그는 패션  소매 유통업에 딥러닝 기술을 적용하고 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00462-00247393-00248616": "happify 거대한 게임적 상상(Game Thinking)을 생각해 내 팀의 절반이 내게 말했던 것처럼 그의 시장의 일부는 반복적 인 단서를 타고 자신의 아이디어를 현실로 가져올 수 있다고 생각했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00463-00248616-00248943": "그리고, 그는 빨리 그 일을 해내서 사람들을 놀라게 했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00464-00248943-00249169": "그리고, 그것은 그를 성공하게 했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00465-00249169-00249446": "가장 중요했던 것은 그것은 그에게 많은 시간을 절약 해주었다는 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00466-00249446-00250623": "여러분이 팀을 가지고 있고, 여러분의 수익이상으로 지출이 나가고 있다면(burn rate), 생산스케줄 수주, 수개월을 줄인다는 것은 대단한 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00467-00250623-00251016": "이전에 언급 했었던 Happify, Tel Aviv의 Ofer leidner입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00468-00251016-00252186": "그리고, 그는 적절한 사용자를 찾고,  그런 다음 사용자의 필요를 충족시키기 위해 제품을 바꾸려고, 게임적 상상(Game Thinking)을 사용했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00469-00252186-00253016": "우리가 처음으로 happify를 만들었을 때, 팀은 실제 게임처럼 보이기를 바랬습니다. 일종의 조각 게임(two and a half isometric game)으로 보이길 바랬습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00470-00253016-00254099": "최근에 일자리를 떠나 집에 머물고있는 부모, 즉, 우리의 서비스를 필요하는 초기 소수(Early Adoptors)와의 이용경로(interface)를 시험했을때,  그들은 그것을 싫어했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00471-00254100-00255080": "그들은 \"오, 이건 너무 많은 것을 해야 하는 것처럼 보여요. 나는 단지 저에게 도전하지 않는 무언가를 원합니다.  나는 정말로 행복해지고 있다고느끼는 데 도움이되는 것을 원합니다. Pinterest처럼 보이게 할 수는 없나요?\" 라고 하는 거예요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00472-00255080-00255476": "Pinterest처럼 보이기를 원하지 않았기 때문에, 우리 팀에게는 정말 어려운 결정이었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00473-00255476-00255906": "그러나, 우리는 그것이 초기시장에 도달하는 데 도움이 된다는 것을 깨달았습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00474-00255906-00256573": "그래서, 우리는 기존의 안을 버리고, 무서운 도전이었던 UX를 완전히 재구성하게 됩니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00475-00256573-00256796": "그 때가 바로, 하는 일들이 도약을 하기 시작하는 때였습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00476-00256796-00257833": "그것이 완전히 통합 된 게임과 같은 이용경로(interface)를 사용하는 것보다 좋았습니다. 그 구조가 우리들이 원하던 빠르고 저렴한 많은 경험을 만들 도록 해주었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00477-00257833-00258109": "그것은 우리 모두에게  커다란 배움이었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00478-00258110-00258686": "프랑스출신 Myriam. 그녀는 가계(genealogy) 서비스를 운영합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00479-00258686-00259023": "그녀는 Vinayek Jogular 처럼 부업 프로젝트를 가지고 있었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00480-00259023-00259269": "그녀는 2 년간 부업 프로젝트를 진행해 왔습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00481-00259269-00260460": "그녀는 사람들이 참여해서 만드는 가계(genealogy) 웹 사이트를 만들고 싶어했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00482-00260460-00260676": "사람들은 실제로 대중들이 참여해서(Crowd Source) 가계(genealogy)를 모을 수 있었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00483-00260676-00261913": "12주 동안 그녀는 지난 2년동안 하지 못했던 것을 할 수 있었고, 고객을 찾고, MVP(최소핵심기능제품)를 구성하는 방법을 알아 냈습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00484-00261913-00262153": "그래서, 그녀의 프로젝트는 앞으로 나아갈 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00485-00262153-00262653": "다음은 저에겐 집이나 마찬가지인 실리콘 밸리입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00486-00262653-00262943": "Cara Meverden은 Subcast를 운영합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00487-00262943-00263153": "그들은 Scout FM으로 상표를 변경했구요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00488-00263153-00263386": "카라는 자금을 모으기 위해 게임적 상상(Game Thinking)을 사용했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00489-00263386-00263949": "그녀는 아이디어를 내고 있었습니다. 베타테스트를 위해 무엇을 만들지 정하려고, 공동 창업자와 노력하고 있었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00490-00263950-00264250": "그래서 정한 것이 smart podcast  companion이었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00491-00264250-00265233": "그들은 이것을 사용하여 초기 시장을 찾았고, 다음 베타 버전을 반복하여 종자 자금을 확보 할 수 있는 충분한 데이터를 얻을 수 있었고, 성공적이었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00492-00265233-00265399": "그들은 Precursor Ventures로부터 자금을 얻었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00493-00265400-00266186": "그리고 이제, 그들은 동반자를 키우고 초기 틈새시장(slice)을 넘어서서 시장을 키울 정도로 성공하고 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00494-00266186-00266969": "제가 처음에 말했듯이, 세상은 변화하고 있습니다. 우리는 그와 함께 변화해야 합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00495-00266970-00268370": "현망한 제품 리더들은 고객들의 장기간의 참여(engagement)를 이끌어내는  사람들입니다. 그들은 고객들을 자기 마음대로 조작하려고 하지 않고, 고객들이 힘을 만들도록 하는 사람들입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00496-00268370-00268683": "그것은  게임요소사용(gamification)의 거품을 터트릴 겁니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00497-00268683-00269289": "여러분이 무언가를 뿌리면 고객의 참여(engagement)를 얻어낼 마법의 은빛 탄환은 없습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00498-00269290-00270520": "여러분이 '나의 고객이 내 제품을 사용해서 한단계 도약하게 할 수 있을까? 나의 고객이 내 제품을 사용해서 어떻게 하면 그들을 그들이 되고 싶은 것으로 되게 할 수 있을까? ' 에 집중하고 생각한다면,", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00499-00270520-00270756": "여러분은 성공의 길에 서게 될 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00500-00270756-00271359": "게임적 상상(Game Thinking)는 이를 돕는 방법론입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00501-00271360-00271623": "솔직히 말씀드리면, 이건 정말 어렵습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00502-00271623-00271939": "저는 20 년 동안 게임 디자이너였습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00503-00271940-00272886": "고객에게 힘을 실어 줄 수있는 방법을 알아내는 일은 여전히 어렵습니다. 내 자신을 위해서 이런 것들을 정리했고, 이제 여러분들을 위해서 정리했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00504-00272886-00272986": "①  여러분의 서비스를 필요하는 광팬", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00505-00272986-00273629": "오늘 3대축에 대해서 설명했습니다. 우선, 여러분의 서비스를 필요하는 광팬에 집중하세요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00506-00273630-00274373": "이들을 통해서 여러분의 아이디오를 점검하고 구체화 해나가야 합니다. 그리고, 이들을 교두보로 삼아서 시장을 확장해야 합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00507-00274373-00274646": "② 강력한 숙달 경로(Compelling Mastery Path)", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00508-00274646-00275289": "비록 여러분의 제품이 매우 간단하다고 하더라도, 시간이 가면서 좋아지도록 해주세요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00509-00275290-00276153": "사람들에게 21일째, 30일째, 60 일째에 제공하는 것이 첫날, 7일째에는 받을 수 없는 것을 제공해주십시오.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00510-00276153-00276426": "③ 즐거운 학습반복경로(learning loop)", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00511-00276426-00276823": "이를 통해 피드백(feedback) 반영과정(loop)를 만들 수 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00512-00276823-00277426": "고객이 도움이 되는 길로 가고 있는지 여부를 피드백(feedback)하여 줌으로써 고객이 잘 활용할 수 있도록 도와주세요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00513-00277426-00277769": "그리고, 계속 앞으로 전진하도록 동기를 부여해 주십시오.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00514-00277770-00278023": "따라서, 아이디어를 조정하려고 하는 경우,", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00515-00278023-00278279": "자신의 프로젝트에 적용하는 방법을 소개합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00516-00278280-00278506": "스스로에게 물어보십시오.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00517-00278506-00278906": "최초의 50명 혹은 25명의 고객은 누구입니까?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00518-00278906-00279283": "모두가 아닙니다.  전체시장 (total addressable market)도 아닙니다", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00519-00279283-00279466": "최초의 50명", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00520-00279466-00279699": "어제 서비스를 필요했던 사람들이랄까요?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00521-00279700-00279800": "그 사람들이 누구입니까?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00522-00279800-00280256": "잘 모르겠다면, 기법들과 게임적 상상(Game Thinking)을 사용하여 알아낼 수 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00523-00280256-00280523": "고객 혹은 사용자들은 무엇을 더 잘하기를 원합니까?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00524-00280523-00280699": "아주 간단한 질문들이죠. 이런 질문들을 통해서요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00525-00280700-00280893": "그것은 고객에게 힘을 부여하는(empowering) 질문입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00526-00280893-00281219": "고객 혹은 소비자가 구체적으로 좋아지기를 원하는 것은 무엇입니까?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00527-00281220-00281526": "때로는 명확합니다. 가끔은 별로 명확하지 않습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00528-00281526-00281963": "duoLingo에서 고객들은 무엇을 더 잘하고 싶습니까? 새로운 언어를 잘 사용하고 싶습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00529-00281963-00282273": "킥스타터에서 고객들은 무엇을 더 잘하기 원하나요?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00530-00282273-00283243": "플랫폼 사용해서, 자신의 대중모금 캠페인을 하는 경우, 성공적인 캠페인을 운영하고 싶어하겠죠.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00531-00283243-00283859": "결과를 보면, 킥스타터에서 처음으로 대중모금 캠페인을 하는  대부분의 사람들은 캠페인에 자금을 모금하는데 성공하지 못합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00532-00283860-00284440": "그러나,  킥스타터는 계속해서 대중모금을 하기를 원하며, 그래서, 실제로 대중모금 캠페인을 성공적으로 운영하도록 도움을 주는데 힘을 쏟고 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00533-00284440-00284703": "그래서, 많은 제품이 이를 위해서 디자인되었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00534-00284703-00284899": "슬랙도 마찬가지입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00535-00284900-00285110": "여러분은 슬랙을 사용하는 것을 더 잘합니다. 그렇죠?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00536-00285110-00285286": "여러분이 사용한다면 알 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00537-00285286-00285553": "슬랙을 사용하는 것을 더 잘 한다는 것이 여러분이 슬랙을 사용하는 이유가 아닙니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00538-00285553-00286213": "팀과 의사소통 할 때, 팀과 일하기를 더 잘하고 싶습니다. 그래서 슬랙을 사용합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00539-00286213-00286729": "슬랙이 의사소통을 더 잘하도록 해주지 않는다면, 끝이겠죠.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00540-00286730-00287123": "그들이 뭘 잘하기를 원하는지를 물어보실 때,", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00541-00287123-00287826": "제품, 기능/시스템 등을 디자인할 때 어떻게 배치하면,", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00542-00287826-00288113": "어떻게 하면,  내 고객에게 힘을 실어줄 수 있을까요?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00543-00288113-00288829": "나를 계속 유혹하는 그러나, 결국에는 역효과 나는 뇌물, 조작작업에서 벗어날 수있는 방법은 무엇입니까?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00544-00288830-00289366": "뇌물, 조작 이런 것들이 인기가 있었지만, 신뢰 문제로 지금은 힘을 잃고 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00545-00289366-00289796": "나는 고객가  되고싶어하는 사람으로 변할 수 있도록 어떻게 실제적으로 도울 수 있을까?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00546-00289796-00290143": "이런 질문과 실천이 바른 길로 가게 합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00547-00290143-00290949": "그래서, 저는 여러분이 이러한 아이디어를 가져가시기를 바라며, 여러분이 이것을 적용하면 성공가능성을 높일 수 있다고 생각합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00548-00290950-00291293": "제가 여기 온 이유입니다. 인도로 날아온 이유도, 이것을 여러분과 함께 나누기 위해서입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00549-00291293-00291626": "저는 여러분이 성공을 위해 더 좋은 기회를 갖기를 원하기 때문입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00550-00291626-00292399": "그리고 여러분은 이러한 기법을 사용하여, 분명히 그렇게 할 것이라고 생각하며, 더 빠르고 똑똑하게 혁신할 것이라고 생각합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00551-00292400-00293063": "무료로 나눠드리면 좋아하실까요? 많은 사람들이 좋아하시길 바랍니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00552-00293063-00293633": "물론 이 책에 관심이 있다면, 제 책을 사주시기를 바랍니다. 매우 도움이 됩니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00553-00293633-00294543": "그러나, 사주시는 것과 상관없이, 나는 여러분을 도울 구체적인 실용적인 팁을 가지고있는 커닝페이퍼(cheat sheet )를 작성했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00554-00294543-00294759": "그러나 그것은 여러분의 회사 내 지위/역할에 맞춰져 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00555-00294760-00295646": "프로젝트에 종사하는 엔지니어 인 경우, 스타트업(새싹기업) CEO 인 경우, 대기업에서 일하고 경��, 이해관계자와 거래해야하는 경우 등등으로요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00556-00295646-00295849": "역할에 따라 여러분은 다른 종류의 팁이 필요할 겁니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00557-00295850-00296016": "하나의 사이즈의 옷이 모두에게 맞지는 않습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00558-00296016-00297219": "그래서, 우리는 퀴즈를 만들었고, 여러분이 하고있는 일에 바로 이러한 아이디어를 적용 할 수 있도록 다양한  커닝페이퍼(cheat sheet )를 만들었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00559-00297220-00297956": "따라서 \"gamethinking.io/quiz\"에 가서 퀴즈를 풀면 (매우 짧아서 2 분 정도 소요됩니다),", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00560-00297956-00299083": "여러분은 팁이 있는 커닝페이퍼(cheat sheet )와 우리가 코칭사업에서 사용하는  MVP(최소핵심기능제품) 캔버스의 템플릿을 내려받을 수 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00561-00299083-00300123": "이를 활용하면, 성공을 위한 제품 결정을 내리는 데 필요한 데이터를 신속하고 효과적으로 얻을 수있을 것이며, 이를 사용한 제품 실험을 계획하는 데 도움이 될 겁니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00562-00300123-00300539": "그래서 나는 여러분 모두가 그것을 활용하도록 권장합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00563-00300540-00300746": "감사합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00564-00300746-00301153": "Q & A도 기쁠 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00565-00301153-00301363": "더 알고 싶다면 트위터에서 저를 follow하세요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00566-00301363-00301946": "트위터를 사용하는 경우, 저는 우리 프로그램과 무료 자료를  많이 공유하고 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00567-00301946-00302193": "그리고, 저에게 편하게 연락주세요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00568-00302193-00302886": "여러분이 오늘 주제에 대해 도움이 되신다고 생각하신 경우, 후속 질문이 있는 경우, 우리가 하는 일에 대해 더 자세히 알고 싶다면 이메일을 보내주십시오.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00569-00302886-00303156": "이걸 복사 하세요. 여러분의 의견을 듣고 싶습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00570-00303156-00303319": "시간 내 주셔서 진심으로 감사드립니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00571-00303320-00303623": "이것이 여러분에게 새로운 아이디어가 되기를 바랍니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00572-00303623-00304563": "몇 가지 질문을 받아보렵니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00573-00304563-00304989": "그것은 훌륭한 프리젠테이션이었습니다. 정말 좋았습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00574-00304990-00305863": "질문이 하나 있습니다. 제 질문은, 모든 프리젠테이션에서 습관을 만드는 것에 대해 언급했지만,", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00575-00305863-00306466": "그러나, 제품중에는 고객이 한 번만 사용하는 제품이 많이 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00576-00306466-00306986": "그리고, 이들 제품에 고객들은 아주 오랫동안 다시오지 않습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00577-00306986-00307636": "우리가 여기서 생각할 수 없었던 어떤 것이 있나요?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00578-00307636-00308486": "네, 여러분이 설정하고 잊어 버리는 것과 같은 것을 사용하는 상황이 있습니다. 맞습니까?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00579-00308486-00308746": "이 경우는 제가 설명한 것과 관련없습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00580-00308746-00309359": "그리고, 그런 종류의 제품은 대개 사람들이 장기간에 걸쳐 깊이 참여(engagement)하는 것들이 아닙니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00581-00309360-00310420": "이것은 비즈니스 모델 이 장기간의 사용자의 참여(engagement)에 의존하는 제품에 주로 적용됩니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00582-00310420-00311503": "하지만, 그런 제품의 경우에도 새로운 기능, 아이디어 등을 검증하고 유효하게하는 데 도움이되는 '광팬'이라는 아이디어와 같이 것을 계속 사용할 수 있을 것 같습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00583-00311503-00311686": "여러분은 그것을 가지고 그것을 사용해 보십시오.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00584-00311686-00312033": "그리고, 여러분은 여전히 숙달(mastery)이 어떤 것일지를  생각할 수 있을 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00585-00312033-00312346": "[부분] 제품과 관련이 없는 경우, 부분을 채용하십시오.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00586-00312346-00312749": "그것이 제가 권하는 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00587-00312750-00312990": "한 분 더 계시네요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00588-00312990-00313570": "안녕하세요, 우리도 정말로 좋은 시간이였습니다. 몇 가지 질문이 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00589-00313570-00314173": "happify의 관리자 경험을 들었는데요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00590-00314173-00314519": "제가 알고 싶은 것은 첫번째로,", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00591-00314520-00315263": "여러분이 대기업의 기업가이거나 스타트업(새싹기업)인 경우, 여정을 진행하는 동안 어떻게 동료들을 이끌고 갈 수 있는지 입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00592-00315263-00316243": "어떻게 동료들을 공포를 극복하게 했었는지, 어떻게 동료들이 이런 과정들에서 실패하지 않게 했는지요?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00593-00316243-00316683": "이것이 첫번째 질문입니다. 그리고 제가 가지고 있는 두 번째 질문은,", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00594-00316683-00317409": "두 종류의 잠재적 초기 소수(Early Adoptors)가 있다면 어떻게 보입니까? 어떻게 식별하죠?", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00595-00317410-00317880": "내고객을 찾는, 나를 깨닫게하는 은색마법총알은 무엇일까 생각해봅니다. 이게 제 두번째 질문입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00596-00317880-00318266": "대단하네요. 두 번째 질문부터 시작하겠습니다. 첫번째 것을 잘 이해하지 못했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00597-00318266-00318479": "그래서, 잠깐 만요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00598-00318480-00318770": "그것은 대단한 질문입니다. 그들은 늘 찾아옵니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00599-00318770-00318933": "그것은 단지 한번만 나타나지 않습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00600-00318933-00319149": "제품을 출시한 후 다시 나타납니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00601-00319150-00319540": "뭉쳐서 오기 때문에, 이 둘 다를 만족시킬 수 없을 수도 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00602-00319540-00320596": "여러분이 그것을 알아낼 수있는 방법은 몇 가지 방법이 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00603-00320596-00321146": "때로는, 많은 경우, 솔직히 그것은 제거의 과정입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00604-00321146-00321696": "happify에서는 3가지의 가정이 있었습니다. 창업자처럼 열심히 밀어붙이는 기업가,", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00605-00321696-00321876": "그것이 우리의 첫 번째 가설이었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00606-00321876-00322136": "우리는 그 고객군을 테스트했고, 우리는 대다수가", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00607-00322136-00322613": "그들은 너무 바빠서 시간이 없다고 느꼈습니다. 우리는 그런 이야기를 너무 많이 들었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00608-00322613-00322953": "그 고객군은 꼭 가져가야 할 것이 아니었습니다. 그냥 가져가면 좋은 좋은 고객군이었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00609-00322953-00323243": "그래서, 우리는 그 고객군을 없애 버렸습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00610-00323243-00324159": "두번째로, 우리는 최근 우울증으로 진단 받고 먹기싫은 약을 약을 처방받은 사람들을 고객으로 삼고 싶어 흥분했었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00611-00324160-00324640": "그리고 우리는 그 사람들을 고객으로 추구하지 않기로 결정했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00612-00324640-00325253": "우리의 창립자는 책임 문제를 두려워 했기 때문입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00613-00325253-00325516": "\"여러분이 그 일에 집중한다면 나는 여러분에게 자금을 지원하지 않을 것\"이라고 말했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00614-00325516-00325663": "펑!! 두번째 고객군은 없어졌습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00615-00325663-00325869": "그래서, 우리는 앞서 말한 고객군을 대상으로 삼았습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00616-00325870-00326186": "Cara의 예가 있겠네요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00617-00326186-00326659": "때로는 그것이 제거하는 과정입니다. 조사하고, 판단하고, 그리고 제거합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00618-00326660-00327083": "Cara Meverden, 그녀는 Subcast  운영자입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00619-00327083-00327326": "그녀는 초기 소수(Early Adoptors)를 위한 몇 가지 아이디어를 가지고 있었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00620-00327326-00327893": "그녀는  처음에 고객이 실제로 집에 머물고 있는 사람일 거라 생각했는데, 그녀는 그것들을 테스트했지만 그렇지 않았습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00621-00327893-00328353": "그리고 그녀는 게임적 상상(Game Thinking) 책에서 자세하게 기술 된 기술을 사용했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00622-00328353-00329206": "그녀는 장시간 출퇴근을 하기 때문에 Podcast를 좋아하는 사람들이 있다는 것을 알게 되었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00623-00329206-00329486": "그들은 음악을 좋아하지 않았습니다. 그들은 말을 듣는 것을 좋아했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00624-00329486-00329923": "그리고 그들은 차 안에서 Podcast를 바꾸는데 문제가 있었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00625-00329923-00330509": "그리고, 그 사람들은 그녀와 그녀의 팀이 극복할 수 있는 급박한 수요 같은 것이 있었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00626-00330510-00330696": "그래서 그녀는 베타테스트를 했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00627-00330696-00330866": "그리고 우리는 그들에 초점을 맞추었습니다. 멋졌죠.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00628-00330866-00331796": "서비스가 시작되자, 두 고객 집단이 생겼고, 어떤 쪽에 집중할 지 결정할 수 없었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00629-00331796-00332076": "그 둘 다 그녀의 제품을 적극적으로 사용하고 있었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00630-00332076-00332523": "하나는 노년층이었고 많은 사��들이 최근 퇴직자였습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00631-00332523-00332973": "그들은 Podcast에 익숙하지 않았지만, Podcast를 듣고 싶어했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00632-00332973-00333599": "그리고 Subcast를 통해 Podcast를 쉽게 찾고 청취 할 수있었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00633-00333600-00334526": "다른 그룹은 정말 재미 있었고, DoorDash Food Delivery와 같은 배달 앱을 위해 일하는 사람들이었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00634-00334526-00334989": "저는 인도에 대해서는 잘 모릅니다. 미국에서는 배달앱이 널리 사용되고 있지요. 배달 앱들이 가득해요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00635-00334990-00335706": "차를 사용하지만 오랫동안 통근하는 사람들은 아닙니다. 그들은 배달 앱에 따라 장소에서 장소로 옮겨다니는 그런 사람입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00636-00335706-00335906": "그들도 이 서비스에 빠져있었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00637-00335906-00336349": "그래서 어느 쪽에 사업의 초점을 맞추어야하는지 정해야 했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00638-00336350-00336846": "우리는 세가지 이유로 배달앱 사람들에게 집중하기로 했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00639-00336846-00337533": "우선, 성장할 수있는 시장이었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00640-00337533-00337866": "그 시장은 기술에 정통한 사람들에게는 매우 익숙했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00641-00337866-00338173": "그들은 우리와 함께 성장할 수 있다고 생각했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00642-00338173-00338539": "은퇴자들, 그들 중 많은 사람들이 기술에 어려움을 겪었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00643-00338540-00339170": "우리 앱은 사용하기가 쉽지만, 우리 팀들은 도달하기가 더 힘든 시장이라고 느꼈습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00644-00339170-00339856": "광고, 직접 홍보 및 파트너십 등을 통해, 배달 앱 사람들에게 다가가는 방법들이 있었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00645-00339856-00340309": "때로는 배포과정 때문에 제거를 결정하기도 합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00646-00340310-00340640": "우리는 노년층 퇴직자들에 대해서는 배포시 문제점을 가지고 있었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00647-00340640-00340800": "우리는 그들에게 어떻게 접근할 지 확신하지 못했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00648-00340800-00341323": "우리는 실제로 약간의 시장조사를 하고나서,  실제로 그것이 우리가 생각한 것보다 더 어려울 것이라고 생각하게 되었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00649-00341323-00341716": "세 번째 이유는 팀의 감정, 공감 같은 것이었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00650-00341716-00342086": "이 팀은 젊은 엔지니어 및 제품 관리자 팀입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00651-00342086-00342389": "그리고 그들은 은퇴자들에게 관심이 없었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00652-00342390-00342623": "그들은 시장에 대한 느낌이 없었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00653-00342623-00343439": "그리고, 여러분이 이미 알고있는 것 중 하나일지도 모르지만,  보통 여러분이 기업가로서 계속 머물고 싶어해야 합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00654-00343440-00344000": "시간이 걸리기 때문에, 실제적으로 무언가를 만드는 동안 고통과 피땀과 눈물을 겪습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00655-00344000-00344970": "여러분은 정말로 시장에 대한 느낌을 가지고 시장에 관심을 가져야합니다. 관심을 가질 수록 성공할 가능성이 높겠죠.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00656-00344970-00345556": "우리팀은 은퇴자들에 대해별로 신경 쓰지 않았습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00657-00345556-00346229": "배포 및 기타 도전과제들도 있어서 였지만, 우리는 젊은 고객에 집중했습니다. 사실 어려운 시장이었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00658-00346230-00347156": "그러나, 시장조사를 하시고, 여러 각도에서, 비즈니스 각도, 디자인에 대해 생각해보세요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00659-00347156-00347979": "여러분의 열정이 여러분이 그 결정을 내리는 것을 도울 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00660-00347980-00348966": "제가 했던 첫 번째 질문은 어떻게하면 사람들이 서비스를 필요하는 광팬이 아닌 시장의 규모에 대해 생각하지 못하게하는 것인가하는 것이었습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00661-00348966-00349939": "벤처캐피털이든, 실리콘밸리에 있는 영향력 있는 사람이든, 대부분의 사람들이 ROI의 수치를 보고 싶어하기 때문입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00662-00349940-00350733": "사람들을 설득하려는 노력 중의 하나가 이책을 쓴 것입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00663-00350733-00351286": "그런데, 점점 더 많은 벤처캐피탈(VC)이 내가 이야기하는 쪽을 보고 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00664-00351286-00351589": "알다시피, 많은 벤처캐피털들이 저한테 고객을 보내고 있습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00665-00351590-00351953": "그들은 도와달라고 말합니다. 그들은 펀드를 구성했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00666-00351953-00352306": "그들은 스타트업(새싹기업)에게 돈을 투자했습니다. 그들은 시장규모도 압니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00667-00352306-00352773": "그들은 혁신 이론의 확산에 대해서도 이해합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00668-00352773-00353213": "그들은 여러분이 끌어줄 가장자리 수요자층을 가져야한다는 것을 이해 합니다, 그래서 말합니다. 이 스타트업(새싹기업) 팀이 그렇게 하도록 도와주세요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00669-00353213-00354716": "그래서 제가 일하는 사람들에게 여러분에게 보여드렸던 곡선 같은 것을 보여주고, 배경을 설명하면서 설득하곤 합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00670-00354716-00354849": "하지만, 현실은요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00671-00354850-00355220": "많은 사람들이 그것을 무시하려고 합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00672-00355220-00355610": "그리고 그럴 때, 제가 할 수있는 일이 정말로 없습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00673-00355610-00356643": "그러나, 저는 교육 하려고 노력합니다. 그리고 저의 의견과 함께 데이터를 가지고 설득하려고 합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00674-00356643-00356999": "데이터가 제가 말하는 것보다 효과적일 수 있으니까요.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00675-00357000-00357266": "저는 많은 사람들이 의심스러워 하는 것을 보았습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00676-00357266-00357543": "그들이 이와 같은 발표를 볼 때,", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00677-00357543-00357926": "그들은 큰 따옴표가 붙어있는 Y Combinator의 Paul Buchheit의 인용문을 봅니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00678-00357926-00358463": "그것은 Airbnb사의 Aaron Chesky의 말도 흡사 합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00679-00358463-00359583": "그래서, 그들이 아는 성공기업들도 깊은 골(Chasm)을 넘었고, 많은 기업들이 좁은시장에서 시작했다는 것을 알기 시작하죠.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00680-00359583-00359929": "그걸 발견하고 닫힌 마음을 열기 시작합니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00681-00359930-00360350": "하지만, 여전히 어려운 전투입니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00682-00360350-00360603": "고마워요. 에이미. 정말 대단했습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00683-00360603-00360793": "고맙습니다.", "o3fvZvgSn0U-00684-00360793-00361069": "번역: 인턴 김연의 (yeonui97@gmail.com) 감수 : 박기태 총괄(12000@12000.co)"}}, {"audio_id": "o3gF2rEBctU", "text": {"o3gF2rEBctU-00000-00000072-00000279": "MALE SPEAKER: In this video, I'll cover how to pass", "o3gF2rEBctU-00001-00000279-00000530": "arguments to existing functions inside the functions", "o3gF2rEBctU-00002-00000530-00000688": "you are creating.", "o3gF2rEBctU-00003-00000688-00000944": "To do so I'll use the website, Revenue Data, highlighted in", "o3gF2rEBctU-00004-00000944-00001228": "the last section.", "o3gF2rEBctU-00005-00001228-00001464": "I'd like to create a function that summarizes the revenue", "o3gF2rEBctU-00006-00001464-00001639": "and other objects like it.", "o3gF2rEBctU-00007-00001639-00001841": "I'll call the function, RevSummary.", "o3gF2rEBctU-00008-00001841-00002076": "And it'll take just one argument that should be a data", "o3gF2rEBctU-00009-00002076-00002450": "frame, or a matrix, where the rows represent days, columns", "o3gF2rEBctU-00010-00002450-00002770": "represent different websites, and entries represent revenue", "o3gF2rEBctU-00011-00002770-00003053": "for the websites on each day.", "o3gF2rEBctU-00012-00003053-00003275": "I'll build in a simple check to make sure that the data", "o3gF2rEBctU-00013-00003275-00003631": "object comes in in a form of a matrix or a data frame.", "o3gF2rEBctU-00014-00003631-00003864": "If it doesn't, then I'll provide a suitable error.", "o3gF2rEBctU-00015-00004116-00004472": "Next, I'll calculate two summaries, the average revenue", "o3gF2rEBctU-00016-00004472-00004644": "per company and the average revenue", "o3gF2rEBctU-00017-00004644-00004769": "per day for the companies.", "o3gF2rEBctU-00018-00005025-00005356": "In a previous video, I used the Apply function for this,", "o3gF2rEBctU-00019-00005356-00005516": "but here I'll use two functions that are", "o3gF2rEBctU-00020-00005516-00005745": "specifically built for taking the Mean across rows and", "o3gF2rEBctU-00021-00005745-00006017": "columns, rowMeans and colMeans.", "o3gF2rEBctU-00022-00006317-00006563": "I'll return those results in a list with two items that will", "o3gF2rEBctU-00023-00006563-00006912": "be returned at the close of the function, mean revenue per", "o3gF2rEBctU-00024-00006912-00007286": "company, and mean revenue per day.", "o3gF2rEBctU-00025-00007286-00007766": "Finally, I'll apply my new function to the revenue data.", "o3gF2rEBctU-00026-00007766-00008159": "When I execute the function, I get a list back, as expected.", "o3gF2rEBctU-00027-00008159-00008393": "However, there are some n/a values that indicate that some", "o3gF2rEBctU-00028-00008393-00008526": "data are missing.", "o3gF2rEBctU-00029-00008526-00008750": "Here I'll identify which observations in the revenue", "o3gF2rEBctU-00030-00008750-00009010": "data are missing using the is n/a function together with the", "o3gF2rEBctU-00031-00009010-00009278": "which function, and an additional argument, array", "o3gF2rEBctU-00032-00009278-00009581": "index equals true.", "o3gF2rEBctU-00033-00009581-00009921": "The first is for the 12th day and the third company.", "o3gF2rEBctU-00034-00009921-00010340": "The second is for the 13th day and the third company.", "o3gF2rEBctU-00035-00010340-00010586": "It's possible that some end users of this function,", "o3gF2rEBctU-00036-00010586-00010872": "including myself, may occasionally want to have such", "o3gF2rEBctU-00037-00010872-00011145": "observations omitted from the calculations in the functions", "o3gF2rEBctU-00038-00011145-00011398": "using an n/a argument, similar to how we've seen this", "o3gF2rEBctU-00039-00011398-00011682": "argument used with other functions.", "o3gF2rEBctU-00040-00011682-00011939": "However, this n/a remove argument would need to be", "o3gF2rEBctU-00041-00011939-00012257": "passed to both row Means and col Means.", "o3gF2rEBctU-00042-00012257-00012436": "This is fine, but it's actually a little bit more", "o3gF2rEBctU-00043-00012436-00012728": "generalizable to accept an arbitrary number of arguments", "o3gF2rEBctU-00044-00012728-00013021": "be passed to these functions.", "o3gF2rEBctU-00045-00013021-00013286": "I can do this using an ellipsis in RevSummary's", "o3gF2rEBctU-00046-00013286-00013460": "declaration.", "o3gF2rEBctU-00047-00013460-00013676": "This allows the RevSummary function to accept extra", "o3gF2rEBctU-00048-00013676-00014030": "arguments not specified in the function declaration.", "o3gF2rEBctU-00049-00014030-00014337": "Next, I indicate which functions should receive these", "o3gF2rEBctU-00050-00014337-00014582": "extra arguments.", "o3gF2rEBctU-00051-00014582-00014829": "Since my intention here is to allow users to pass the n/a", "o3gF2rEBctU-00052-00014829-00015193": "remove argument to rowMeans and colMeans I will add an", "o3gF2rEBctU-00053-00015193-00015366": "ellipsis to the end of each of these functions.", "o3gF2rEBctU-00054-00015691-00016001": "Now, if I pass n/a remove equals true into the", "o3gF2rEBctU-00055-00016001-00016255": "RevSummary function, this argument will be passed to the", "o3gF2rEBctU-00056-00016255-00016555": "rowMeans and colMeans functions, which will then", "o3gF2rEBctU-00057-00016555-00016890": "remove the n/a values from the calculations.", "o3gF2rEBctU-00058-00016890-00017163": "Note that if you want, you may access the arguments from the", "o3gF2rEBctU-00059-00017163-00017498": "ellipsis in your function using the List function with", "o3gF2rEBctU-00060-00017498-00017768": "an ellipsis as its argument.", "o3gF2rEBctU-00061-00017768-00018018": "In this way, you may also write functions that allow for", "o3gF2rEBctU-00062-00018018-00018250": "an arbitrary number of arguments, and then access all", "o3gF2rEBctU-00063-00018250-00018600": "of those arguments in a list.", "o3gF2rEBctU-00064-00018600-00018821": "What's been covered in this video is how to easily pass", "o3gF2rEBctU-00065-00018821-00019066": "additional arguments inside your functions, and how to", "o3gF2rEBctU-00066-00019066-00019453": "access those extra arguments using the List function.", "o3gF2rEBctU-00067-00019453-00019715": "In the next video, I'll show how to hide function output", "o3gF2rEBctU-00068-00019715-00019901": "that might flood a user's screen.", "o3gF2rEBctU-00069-00019901-00020132": "And I'll also cover a useful tool for building recursive", "o3gF2rEBctU-00070-00020132-00020366": "functions, which are functions that call themselves."}}, {"audio_id": "o3XiZNKLjuM", "text": {"o3XiZNKLjuM-00000-00000000-00000200": "Convert the whole data ion to Decimal"}}, {"audio_id": "o4fulzryXkc", "text": {"o4fulzryXkc-00000-00000000-00000200": "hi guys"}}, {"audio_id": "o4mxGYg4RPM", "text": {"o4mxGYg4RPM-00000-00000509-00002727": "The reason why I'm calling you", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00001-00004077-00004467": "is because I got this really distressing voicemail from you", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00002-00004512-00004599": "yesterday,", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00003-00004650-00004938": "and it sounded like you had just read my story.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00004-00004965-00005244": "Yes. Someone sent the story to me.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00005-00005283-00005610": "And I was so angry when I read that story", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00006-00005610-00005874": "because it was like, \"Oh my God, they lied to me.\"", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00007-00005886-00006138": "They been knew that this virus was in there.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00008-00006156-00006396": "They been new people tested positive.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00009-00006417-00006555": "Why would they lie to me?", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00010-00006630-00006729": "Why would they lie to me?", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00011-00006729-00006912": "Why would you lie to me?", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00012-00007470-00007692": "When the corona virus landed in New York,", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00013-00007709-00008006": "Natasha Roland said she was immediately concerned for her", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00014-00008006-00008193": "father, Willie Roland.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00015-00008238-00008475": "He's a diabetic. My dad is not well.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00016-00008475-00008754": "At nursing homes and assisted living facilities across", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00017-00008754-00008829": "the country,", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00018-00008970-00009198": "many desperate family members are struggling to", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00019-00009198-00009435": "learn the truth of what's happening inside.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00020-00009615-00009918": "By late March, it became clear to Natasha that her father would be", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00021-00009918-00010035": "in the nation's hotspot.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00022-00010071-00010392": "Elmhurst Hospital had made national news with its long line", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00023-00010395-00010500": "of sick patients.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00024-00010602-00010905": "Tonight, a dramatic spike in New York state's death toll", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00025-00010941-00011334": "from 385 to more than 500.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00026-00011304-00011658": "The pandemic's Epicenter in the U.S. right now may be Elmhurst", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00027-00011658-00011805": "Hospital in Queens.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00028-00011826-00012168": "A block away, the Queens Adult Care Center houses a mix of", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00029-00012168-00012432": "residents with mental illness and the elderly.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00030-00012612-00012972": "ProPublica has been reporting on problems there since 2018.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00031-00013016-00013326": "And after a recent article, we began hearing from several", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00032-00013326-00013524": "residents and concerned family members.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00033-00013590-00013887": "The last week of March, Natasha called Michael Younger,", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00034-00013899-00014037": "the administrator of the center.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00035-00014055-00014391": "She told him she would take her father home if he felt that there", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00036-00014391-00014460": "was a risk.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00037-00014511-00014760": "He assured me that my dad will be fine.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00038-00014778-00015051": "Even told me that that's probably the safest place for him is to", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00039-00015051-00015141": "stay there.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00040-00015165-00015537": "And in that conversation, I had asked him, \"Do you have any cases", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00041-00015540-00015663": "of the virus now?\"", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00042-00015690-00016005": "He told me no. I said, \"You don't have any cases?\"", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00043-00016002-00016146": "I asked him again.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00044-00016191-00016644": "He was like, \"No, there was one lady who tested positive,", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00045-00016644-00016958": "but she was in a hospital, and we believe she got it from the hospital.\"", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00046-00016974-00017274": "So, he led me to believe that the lady was not there.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00047-00017304-00017769": "Then my dad started calling me saying he was not feeling well.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00048-00017861-00018065": "Natasha thought maybe her father's issues", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00049-00018068-00018293": "were due to a recent change in his medication.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00050-00018317-00018470": "She said she tried to see him,", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00051-00018500-00018832": "But the facility was under state instruction not to allow vistors.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00052-00018860-00019064": "Then I got a phone call from Annetta.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00053-00019124-00019448": "Katie: Annetta King-Simpson is her father's girlfriend and also a resident.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00054-00019448-00019734": "We met at Queens Adult Care. We hit it off.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00055-00019830-00020025": "I love him. He loves me, too.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00056-00020037-00020328": "We have a relationship that is off the hook.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00057-00020358-00020709": "How this all started was, I started noticing that he wasn't", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00058-00020733-00020805": "feeling right.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00059-00020883-00021114": "She said, \"We keep calling for them to check on your dad.\"", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00060-00021090-00021354": "\"They're not coming down here. So I checked his sugar myself.\"", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00061-00021426-00021741": "Why aren't they coming in and checking up on my father's sugar?", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00062-00022002-00022203": "It wasn't until Saturday, April 4,", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00063-00022242-00022416": "that she began to get a clearer sense", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00064-00022419-00022692": "of what was going on that night.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00065-00022710-00022908": "She said she spoke to a worker there.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00066-00022944-00023307": "And she said, \"Look, Natasha,\" she was like, \"You need", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00067-00023307-00023457": "to get your father out of here.\"", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00068-00023547-00023646": "I said, \"What's going on?\"", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00069-00023637-00023964": "She said, \"The nurses aides are not going inside the room.\"", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00070-00024030-00024279": "I said, \"There's no cases of the virus in there,", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00071-00024279-00024399": "because that's what Michael said, right?\"", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00072-00024396-00024948": "She was like, \"Girl, I don't want to lose my job, but look.\"", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00073-00024981-00025092": "And I'm like, \"What?\"", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00074-00025083-00025512": "She said, \"Come get your father. Come get your dad.\"", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00075-00025670-00025835": "Then the worker began to cry,", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00076-00025883-00026139": "saying she was scared to be at the center herself,", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00077-00026252-00026454": "but she needed to earn money for her family,", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00078-00026481-00026661": "who she quarantined herself away from.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00079-00026858-00027132": "Ambulances were at the home constantly, the worker told her", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00080-00027170-00027483": "and the administration wasn't saying which residents were sick.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00081-00027594-00027891": "Meanwhile, residents continue to wander in and out,", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00082-00028113-00028395": "even panhandling among the patients waiting outside the", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00083-00028395-00028452": "hospital.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00084-00028607-00029099": "Natasha: And I was like, \"Okay, I'm gonna come and get my dad.\"", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00085-00028895-00029066": "Now, at this time, I'm just how much talking about just bringing", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00086-00029066-00029153": "him home with me.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00087-00029153-00029423": "I'm still thinking my dad is not sick with no virus.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00088-00030000-00030660": "I know it's a lot.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00089-00030249-00030456": "Natasha said she immediately began making", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00090-00030456-00030642": "arrangements for her father to come home.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00091-00030861-00031152": "She called and asked the staff to prepare his medications for his", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00092-00031152-00031220": "departure.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00093-00031398-00031583": "She would be there Sunday to pick him up.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00094-00031695-00031974": "But on Sunday, a worker said they couldn't prepare everything on", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00095-00031974-00032085": "such short notice.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00096-00032189-00032349": "They weren't adequately staffed.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00097-00033206-00033528": "The Queen's Adult Care Center told us they've been taking precautions", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00098-00033582-00033790": "to ensure the well being of residents.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00099-00033809-00034046": "They said Natasha's allegations are baseless,", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00100-00034070-00034262": "and that they spoke with her several times", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00101-00034262-00034604": "and offered to take her father to the hospital. But he refused.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00102-00034634-00035004": "The worker Natasha spoke with now says she never urged her to get her dad.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00103-00035040-00035274": "or that aides in the home weren't checking on residents.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00104-00035339-00035561": "Only the conditions in the home were dire.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00105-00035612-00035912": "A crisis communications consultant hired by the center", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00106-00035930-00036194": "argued that no one had died of the coronavirus there", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00107-00036224-00036488": "because they hadn't died on the grounds of the facility.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00108-00036543-00036933": "Natasha: Two people on the third floor, one died and one tested", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00109-00036933-00037083": "positive for the virus.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00110-00037089-00037392": "In fact, a New York City councilman told us the city's", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00111-00037392-00037509": "Health Department said", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00112-00037530-00037818": "that a dozen residents had died by April 15.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00113-00037824-00038022": "Ah, everything got out of control.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00114-00038040-00038334": "And the next thing I knew people were dying in there like you", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00115-00038334-00038412": "would not believe.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00116-00038424-00038607": "They never quarantined Annetta.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00117-00038634-00038856": "One of them was in a room right across from her.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00118-00038892-00039396": "Then I started noticing Willie was like breathing funny.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00119-00039444-00039723": "And that happened at around one or two o'clock in the morning,", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00120-00039753-00039900": "and I had to call his daughter.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00121-00039924-00040206": "And at that point is when me and my brother got up,", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00122-00040206-00040260": "got dressed.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00123-00040266-00040443": "He was like, \"We gotta go get him now.\"", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00124-00040443-00040656": "Because when you call the ambulance they only wanted to", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00125-00040656-00040833": "take him to Elmhurst Hospital,", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00126-00040857-00041151": "and I was not gonna let my dad go to the hospital.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00127-00041175-00041382": "So I went to that facility.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00128-00041412-00041604": "And mind you, through this whole time,", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00129-00041433-00041655": "they're like, \"You can't come inside the facility.\"", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00130-00041829-00041976": "They're saying she couldn't come in.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00131-00042045-00042099": "I tried.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00132-00042048-00042351": "How did we get out? She said, \"Annetta, I'm coming in", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00133-00042351-00042564": "because I don't see nobody at the desk right this second.\"", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00134-00042657-00042774": "\"I'm coming to get my father.\"", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00135-00043379-00043547": "And so how did that feel for you?", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00136-00043550-00043841": "Because you'd been on the phone with the administrator and he's", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00137-00043841-00043979": "telling you everything's fine.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00138-00044050-00044311": "It made me feel like I didn't do what I was supposed to", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00139-00044311-00044380": "do for my dad", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00140-00044380-00044524": "because I believed them.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00141-00044542-00044806": "So, I'm like, \"Did I mess this up?\"", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00142-00044836-00045130": "You know, but I'm calling and they're telling me my dad is", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00143-00045130-00045166": "okay.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00144-00045166-00045343": "They're telling me that my father's safe.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00145-00045376-00045772": "What's crazy about this is that when I saw my dad,", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00146-00045793-00046138": "my dad had, you know, lost so much weight that your eyes look", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00147-00046138-00046288": "like it's popping out of your head?", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00148-00046200-00046581": "It tore me up. I didn't even think no more.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00149-00046581-00047004": "I'm just like in there, grabbing my dad like getting his clothes on.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00150-00047030-00047372": "Not one aide, no nurses aide, was there helping my dad,", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00151-00047373-00047586": "the lady Annetta was helping my dad.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00152-00047658-00047967": "I visibly saw Roland going down in front of my face.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00153-00048003-00048096": "He couldn't breathe.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00154-00048117-00048522": "And I kept calling the desk telling them to come upstairs", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00155-00048522-00048600": "with his medicine", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00156-00048600-00048888": "and they were not coming. They weren't coming.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00157-00048900-00049113": "I guess they were afraid, you know.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00158-00049155-00049539": "And a two o'clock in the morning, they took him to New York", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00159-00049539-00049629": "Presbyterian.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00160-00049852-00050161": "Doctors there told Natasha, she saved his life.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00161-00050167-00050380": "After hearing my story, they said they're gonna work with", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00162-00050380-00050578": "me to make sure he doesn't go back there.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00163-00050638-00051026": "That morning, Annetta calls me, and she's like, \"I can't breathe, baby.\"", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00164-00051040-00051266": "She was like, \"I'm gonna call the ambulance.\"", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00165-00051370-00051595": "Annetta collapsed on the floor of the adult home.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00166-00051598-00051721": "They called the ambulance.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00167-00051729-00052183": "And right now I am at Jacob Javits Center in the makeshift", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00168-00052183-00052384": "hospital by the Army and Navy.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00169-00052516-00052798": "I don't know what happened to turn the place around.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00170-00052819-00053004": "And it's not just COVID.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00171-00053062-00053347": "This has been coming and we just didn't take notice to it.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00172-00053357-00053588": "Because Roland and I, we had each other.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00173-00053636-00053755": "We still have each other.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00174-00053834-00054179": "But everything that they was supposed to be doing, I was doing", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00175-00054227-00054341": "because I care.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00176-00054450-00054680": "These residents need to go somewhere where people care", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00177-00054680-00054766": "about them.", "o4mxGYg4RPM-00178-00054870-00055070": "That place needs to go."}}, {"audio_id": "o4oE8CnBSeU", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "o4wcWjRmYfM", "text": {"o4wcWjRmYfM-00000-00000000-00000392": "This summit that you're watching right now is being managed by an actual", "o4wcWjRmYfM-00001-00000392-00000858": "software so we're paying a third-party software to manage the videos the page", "o4wcWjRmYfM-00002-00000858-00001259": "that you're watching this on right now all of that stuff what if you did a", "o4wcWjRmYfM-00003-00001259-00001716": "summit that has something to do with your local area what if you asked a", "o4wcWjRmYfM-00004-00001716-00002241": "bunch of influencers in your area the biggest radio personalities the biggest", "o4wcWjRmYfM-00005-00002241-00002847": "bloggers in st. Louis or wherever it is that you are what if you asked them to", "o4wcWjRmYfM-00006-00002847-00003285": "all contribute a talk and you could figure out exactly what that might be of", "o4wcWjRmYfM-00007-00003285-00003812": "maybe like their top ten recommendations for you know whatever if it's a food", "o4wcWjRmYfM-00008-00003812-00004305": "blog then you have them do their top recommendations or top restaurant", "o4wcWjRmYfM-00009-00004305-00004716": "recommendations in that area but you could do some sort of event and so the", "o4wcWjRmYfM-00010-00004716-00005085": "main thing that I want you guys to be thinking about here when I make that", "o4wcWjRmYfM-00011-00005085-00005619": "suggestion is that too many people with their marketing are focusing", "o4wcWjRmYfM-00012-00005619-00006212": "specifically on the people that are ready to buy right now and so if you're", "o4wcWjRmYfM-00013-00006212-00006672": "looking for cleaning clients and you're trying to focus on everyone in st. Louis", "o4wcWjRmYfM-00014-00006672-00007152": "that wants a cleaning right now there are ways to target those people but what", "o4wcWjRmYfM-00015-00007152-00007620": "if you took a more similar approach to Zen made where instead of trying to find", "o4wcWjRmYfM-00016-00007620-00008127": "those people immediately instead you try to be known by everyone in the st. Louis", "o4wcWjRmYfM-00017-00008127-00008700": "area and then when those people are ready for a maid service like yours and", "o4wcWjRmYfM-00018-00008700-00009104": "that may be never right it's very much a numbers game but when they're ready", "o4wcWjRmYfM-00019-00009104-00009873": "they're more likely to contact you than to contact one of your competitors"}}, {"audio_id": "o4wCo3_Mb40", "text": {"o4wCo3_Mb40-00000-00000010-00000275": "Comfy Euro hippie", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00001-00000601-00000971": "This is Mykki Blanco and you are inside my flat", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00002-00000971-00001100": "in Lisbon, Portugal", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00003-00001100-00001268": "This is actually my place", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00004-00001507-00001710": "This is our place, though", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00005-00001710-00001959": "I literally did not have a home for, like, four years", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00006-00001959-00002209": "just living out of hotels and Airbnbs on the road", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00007-00002209-00002484": "Once you start to actually live in a place,", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00008-00002484-00002802": "it's nice, like, you can collect little things, you know what I mean,", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00009-00002802-00002951": "things that you normally would be", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00010-00002951-00003164": "\"Why do I have a need for a vintage chocolate box?\"", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00011-00003164-00003365": "All settling in your home, and you're like", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00012-00003365-00003711": "\"I just love looking at my vintage chocolate box\"", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00013-00004078-00004388": "Plants, that's, like, my meditative happy thing", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00014-00004388-00004520": "caring for plants", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00015-00004671-00005038": "This is Patinga, she's my first cat and my first pet", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00016-00005038-00005250": "I never thought that I was an animal person", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00017-00005250-00005575": "and it turns out I just have so much love to give", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00018-00005610-00005994": "So that is my little love shrine", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00019-00006034-00006338": "It's two corsets that I've nailed on the wall", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00020-00006338-00006587": "It is just dried flowers and crystals", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00021-00006588-00006933": "and there's a sex toy up there, and an air plant", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00022-00006933-00007122": "I love tapestries", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00023-00007362-00007719": "As a queer person of color, I have experienced in my life", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00024-00007719-00007927": "coming to America, a lot of discrimination", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00025-00007927-00008177": "racism, homophobia, transphobia", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00026-00008177-00008497": "There comes a point in your adult life when you don't have to take it anymore", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00027-00008497-00008772": "There are so many more layers to yourself", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00028-00008772-00009140": "when you have the quiet time to discover them, you know", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00029-00009140-00009630": "And I think that's what living in Lisbon is doing and continues to do for me", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00030-00009805-00009998": "My boyfriend gave me this", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00031-00009998-00010464": "He knows that I would prefer something like this to a cologne", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00032-00010464-00010647": "you know what I mean, that kind of thing", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00033-00010728-00010863": "Can't you see me?", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00034-00010900-00011031": "[\"Fofinha!\"]", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00035-00011193-00011551": "I always wanted to have a family life, a home life", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00036-00011551-00011924": "and now that that's manifesting I'm not going to let that go", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00037-00011978-00012383": "This book actually I got randomly in Azores", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00038-00012383-00012671": "This Dutchman, Uwe Ommer", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00039-00012671-00013078": "he traveled for two years shooting a thousand families", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00040-00013078-00013329": "It's just really crazy, seeing all these families", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00041-00013329-00013605": "and all these cultures around the world", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00042-00013605-00013783": "all of these commonalities", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00043-00013783-00014004": "I don't know, it also just kind of opens your mind", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00044-00014004-00014301": "about possibilities and ideas, like what is family", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00045-00014877-00015260": "I just like writing, writing, writing, more writing", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00046-00015321-00015514": "\"Use your personal power", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00047-00015514-00015643": "You are a creator", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00048-00015643-00015982": "You have control of the events that manifest in your life\"", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00049-00016122-00016480": "I have a lemon tree that, honestly, has seen better days", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00050-00016480-00016788": "And then we have this side, more experiments", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00051-00016788-00017043": "and bowls and plants", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00052-00017043-00017313": "Like I said, I'm a new green thumb. I'll figure it out", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00053-00017856-00018161": "This is my HIV medicine", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00054-00018161-00018351": "These are matcha whisks", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00055-00018351-00018518": "and they should be in the kitchen", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00056-00018518-00018978": "but I drink so much matcha here that they're here", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00057-00018978-00019508": "Matcha, matcha, matcha", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00058-00019873-00020206": "\"Only give attention and power to the multiple outcomes", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00059-00020206-00020610": "and manifestations that serve the light-filled desires of your life", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00060-00020610-00020917": "and rest and believe in a heart-centered faith", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00061-00020917-00021357": "that like energy is responding to and attracting like energy\"", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00062-00021454-00021787": "Matcha, matcha", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00063-00022044-00022328": "I have been really happy in my life lately", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00064-00022436-00022622": "I just want to keep living here", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00065-00022622-00022803": "This is, like, my happy place", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00066-00023309-00023575": "This plant was illegally taken in the night", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00067-00023575-00023676": "My boyfriend is like,", "o4wCo3_Mb40-00068-00023676-00023935": "\"Oh, my God! You're just like a Portuguese mom\""}}, {"audio_id": "o4yH9fCjzX0", "text": {"o4yH9fCjzX0-00000-00000054-00000438": "So we have eight male students weights in  pounds, recorded here, and we're going to", "o4yH9fCjzX0-00001-00000438-00000784": "find the standard deviations of these  weights.", "o4yH9fCjzX0-00002-00000784-00001125": "and just to be clear, this data was a  sampling, and so we're going to use the", "o4yH9fCjzX0-00003-00001125-00001686": "sample standard deviation here.  So the first thing we need to do is find,", "o4yH9fCjzX0-00004-00001686-00002148": "is find the mean of our data.  And so to do that, we'll go ahead and", "o4yH9fCjzX0-00005-00002148-00002611": "just add up all of our data.  so when we add up all of our data here,", "o4yH9fCjzX0-00006-00002611-00003078": "which adds up to 1400.  and divide it by the number of data", "o4yH9fCjzX0-00007-00003078-00003376": "values.  We got eight data values.", "o4yH9fCjzX0-00008-00003376-00004140": "and we end up with a mean of 175.  So now we can take each value take each", "o4yH9fCjzX0-00009-00004140-00004830": "value and find our deviation from the  mean so for the weight of 165 the", "o4yH9fCjzX0-00010-00004830-00005688": "deviation would be, that's not the right  number.", "o4yH9fCjzX0-00011-00005688-00006082": "It should be the mean.  minus 175 is negative 10, is our", "o4yH9fCjzX0-00012-00006082-00006773": "deviation there.  For 145, we got 145 minus 175 is negative", "o4yH9fCjzX0-00013-00006773-00007670": "30.  for 160, we got negative 15.", "o4yH9fCjzX0-00014-00007670-00008330": "and so on for the rest of the values.  So now that we have all the deviations", "o4yH9fCjzX0-00015-00008330-00009091": "calculated, now we can go and find our  squared deviations.", "o4yH9fCjzX0-00016-00009091-00009398": "So we're going to do that by squaring  each of these values.", "o4yH9fCjzX0-00017-00009398-00010189": "So negative 10 squared is 100.  Negative 30 squared is 900.", "o4yH9fCjzX0-00018-00010189-00010769": "15 squared is 225.  25 squared is 625.", "o4yH9fCjzX0-00019-00010769-00011217": "Negative 25 squared but when we square  it, it becomes negative, sorry, becomes", "o4yH9fCjzX0-00020-00011217-00011524": "positive.  5 squared is 25.", "o4yH9fCjzX0-00021-00011524-00012373": "45 squared is 2045.  25 squared is 625, and 5 squared is 25.", "o4yH9fCjzX0-00022-00012373-00012981": "and now we'll go ahead and add all those  up and the sum of all of our deviations", "o4yH9fCjzX0-00023-00012981-00013632": "is 45-uh-50.  So remember that's standard deviation is", "o4yH9fCjzX0-00024-00013632-00014295": "found by finding the sum of the square  deviations, and then dividing by either n", "o4yH9fCjzX0-00025-00014295-00014830": "or n minus 1.  N if it's from the population or n minus", "o4yH9fCjzX0-00026-00014830-00015341": "1, if it's from the sample.  So we're going to take our sum of, of, of", "o4yH9fCjzX0-00027-00015341-00015940": "squared deviations here.  And because this is from a sample, we're", "o4yH9fCjzX0-00028-00015940-00016363": "going to divide by n minus 1.  So we're going to take our 4550 and", "o4yH9fCjzX0-00029-00016363-00016837": "divide it by.  7, which is one less than our number of", "o4yH9fCjzX0-00030-00016837-00017526": "data which was eight pieces of data.  So we go ahead and divide that and we end", "o4yH9fCjzX0-00031-00017526-00017973": "up with 650, again that's what we call  variance, and then our standard", "o4yH9fCjzX0-00032-00017973-00018714": "deviation, standard deviation will be the  square root of that variance.", "o4yH9fCjzX0-00033-00018714-00019567": "So the square root of 650 is about 25.5.  It's actually, like, 25.4951.", "o4yH9fCjzX0-00034-00019567-00020246": "but, again, typically, we round to 1 more  decimal place than our original data had.", "o4yH9fCjzX0-00035-00020246-00020699": "And so our standard deviation is 25.5  pounds.", "o4yH9fCjzX0-00036-00020699-00021156": "Standard deviation is measured in the  same units as the original data.", "o4yH9fCjzX0-00037-00021156-00021813": "so there is the standard deviation."}}, {"audio_id": "o4D_GD8N4gY", "text": {"o4D_GD8N4gY-00000-00000000-00001236": "Hello, greetings and a warm welcome to this new video. Nice that you're here. And today we're going to look at three short drum fills. They are embedded in a bar. And what does that mean? Let's start right away.", "o4D_GD8N4gY-00001-00001236-00002111": "The short or very short drum fills always come at the end of the bar, okay? From count time 4, because we play in 4/4 time.", "o4D_GD8N4gY-00002-00002111-00002908": "The groove before it stays the same and now I'll play this first fill plus groove for you. As always, the notes are faded in.", "o4D_GD8N4gY-00003-00004300-00005080": "I agree. This drum fill is short because, as you have heard, it was badadam from count 4", "o4D_GD8N4gY-00004-00005310-00006120": "onwards. I agree. Very short fill, but a cool thing. And fill number two sounds like this with groove.", "o4D_GD8N4gY-00005-00007788-00008156": "Yeah Very cool. Number 3:", "o4D_GD8N4gY-00006-00010156-00010576": "When you've practiced the three and when you say: Hey, I like this principle!", "o4D_GD8N4gY-00007-00010576-00010626": "Then make your own short drum fills and grooves.", "o4D_GD8N4gY-00008-00010626-00011113": "And you can do it like this:", "o4D_GD8N4gY-00009-00011113-00011839": "You take a 4/4 time, ok? Your choice. Should be a groove. Nice drum rhythm.", "o4D_GD8N4gY-00010-00011839-00012738": "And you think the last quarter away. So everything that comes after counting time 3 + or the last 3 e - you just think about it.", "o4D_GD8N4gY-00011-00012738-00013420": "I'll show you a sheet music example. That would be this incomplete measure, the groove.", "o4D_GD8N4gY-00012-00013420-00014296": "And now you take a pattern or an ostinato that you can think of and then play it as a fill. For example something like this:", "o4D_GD8N4gY-00013-00014392-00015050": "That would be two eighth notes. Then gives a quarter note. Or maybe you like to play something completely different.", "o4D_GD8N4gY-00014-00015050-00015733": "For example, you orchestrate. That means you orchestrate the sounds. You're sort of shifting them to other instruments.", "o4D_GD8N4gY-00015-00015733-00016531": "I agree. And I wish you a lot of fun. If you have any questions about the video, please send them to me in the comments.", "o4D_GD8N4gY-00016-00016531-00017092": "I am happy that you are here and of course I hope you enjoyed this video.", "o4D_GD8N4gY-00017-00017092-00017461": "You are also welcome to subscribe to the channel and ring the bell, because then you will not miss any more videos.", "o4D_GD8N4gY-00018-00017461-00018305": "A lot more come to learn to play the drums. I'm happy for that! We'll see each other, we'll hear each other and see you then. Bye!"}}, {"audio_id": "o4H5PTXEIlA", "text": {"o4H5PTXEIlA-00000-00005855-00006194": "Assalam o Alykum guy's"}}, {"audio_id": "o4bE5JAenco", "text": {"o4bE5JAenco-00000-00001112-00001348": "That was a really crapy day", "o4bE5JAenco-00001-00001348-00001760": "Jesus had just been abducted and the only witness was an old smelly and deaf dude", "o4bE5JAenco-00002-00001804-00002098": "Come one ! \"Jesus\" , it is his name.", "o4bE5JAenco-00003-00002098-00002198": "A small baby like this.", "o4bE5JAenco-00004-00002226-00002326": "\"Jesus\" ?", "o4bE5JAenco-00005-00002510-00002608": "\"Jesus... \"", "o4bE5JAenco-00006-00002794-00002964": "Huh yes I remember now!", "o4bE5JAenco-00007-00002986-00003136": "You saw the cultprit then", "o4bE5JAenco-00008-00003311-00003444": "Yea the cooties", "o4bE5JAenco-00009-00003444-00003586": "It was itching a lot.", "o4bE5JAenco-00010-00003610-00003786": "I don't understand what you say", "o4bE5JAenco-00011-00003820-00004042": "The captor ? What is he like? Where did he go ?", "o4bE5JAenco-00012-00004058-00004322": "Yes a polecat , a very big one", "o4bE5JAenco-00013-00004376-00004524": "with lice yes.", "o4bE5JAenco-00014-00004626-00004768": "Huh, and then", "o4bE5JAenco-00015-00004800-00005024": "the stick, I hit like that", "o4bE5JAenco-00016-00005084-00005324": "and he.. he left", "o4bE5JAenco-00017-00005374-00005450": "He fled", "o4bE5JAenco-00018-00005496-00005628": "to the oasis.", "o4bE5JAenco-00019-00005662-00005784": "Badji's oasis ?", "o4bE5JAenco-00020-00005858-00005958": "My wife", "o4bE5JAenco-00021-00005958-00006102": "She fled too.", "o4bE5JAenco-00022-00006118-00006310": "Well, I'm done, I'm going to let you", "o4bE5JAenco-00023-00006350-00006634": "Yes I'm going to the toilet, yes.", "o4bE5JAenco-00024-00006722-00007081": "So I rode to the East, on a camel who was not walking at all.", "o4bE5JAenco-00025-00007081-00007245": "However he jumped really high.", "o4bE5JAenco-00026-00007302-00007488": "and he was spitting huge gobs.", "o4bE5JAenco-00027-00007573-00007714": "classy !", "o4bE5JAenco-00028-00008258-00008446": "Badji's oasis was controled by bandits.", "o4bE5JAenco-00029-00008520-00008684": "I had decided to talk to their leader:", "o4bE5JAenco-00030-00008720-00008844": "Kader el Hagoun", "o4bE5JAenco-00031-00008844-00009022": "Wesh bro, you want some grass?", "o4bE5JAenco-00032-00009070-00009180": "I want the baby back, Kader", "o4bE5JAenco-00033-00009228-00009436": "Hum that's why you came here", "o4bE5JAenco-00034-00009486-00009694": "You must pay the ransom, rouya.", "o4bE5JAenco-00035-00009712-00009838": "Are you kidding me ? I'm broke !", "o4bE5JAenco-00036-00009874-00009980": "Ew Miskine,", "o4bE5JAenco-00037-00010002-00010162": "go back home, yallah.", "o4bE5JAenco-00038-00010210-00010356": "You want to play it like that ?", "o4bE5JAenco-00039-00010438-00010668": "Don't make me use excessive force, Kader!", "o4bE5JAenco-00040-00010700-00010960": "Wallah! Where did you get a weapon that powerfull ?", "o4bE5JAenco-00041-00010986-00011156": "This, Kader, is thank to my camel.", "o4bE5JAenco-00042-00011188-00011380": "He jumps super high, my camel.", "o4bE5JAenco-00043-00011544-00011748": "Well, ok, put your weapon down", "o4bE5JAenco-00044-00011778-00011926": "I give you Jesus back.", "o4bE5JAenco-00045-00012286-00012606": "Huh it is a beautiful baby, for sure.", "o4bE5JAenco-00046-00012778-00012828": "Good!", "o4bE5JAenco-00047-00012856-00013010": "All's well that ends well", "o4bE5JAenco-00048-00013038-00013226": "Yea yea, give me the money now.", "o4bE5JAenco-00049-00013263-00013460": "Huh I must go to the toilet huh.", "o4bE5JAenco-00050-00013568-00013722": "[ like /  Leave a comment ! ]", "o4bE5JAenco-00051-00013752-00013940": "Gaz ? I have a lot yes", "o4bE5JAenco-00052-00014394-00014706": "I must go to the toilet now.", "o4bE5JAenco-00053-00014736-00014836": "otherwise,", "o4bE5JAenco-00054-00014852-00015032": "o la la, a disaster."}}, {"audio_id": "o51PtOxa5MM", "text": {"o51PtOxa5MM-00000-00000014-00000150": "SASTRA FILM & BAYON TV", "o51PtOxa5MM-00001-00000478-00000678": "Present", "o51PtOxa5MM-00002-00013480-00013580": "Life Series", "o51PtOxa5MM-00003-00013634-00013766": "The Mistress", "o51PtOxa5MM-00004-00014996-00015156": "Are you tired?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00005-00015288-00015694": "I'm not tired. We can't sell even one today.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00006-00015734-00015972": "How can we repay our debt?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00007-00016122-00016374": "Don't worry too much! We can't earn today but", "o51PtOxa5MM-00008-00016412-00016572": "we must make some profit tomorrow", "o51PtOxa5MM-00009-00016674-00016838": "Don't work too hard, honey!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00010-00016880-00017030": "you will get sick.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00011-00017202-00017510": "Don't worry about me!  Worry about yourself!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00012-00017590-00017690": "I love you", "o51PtOxa5MM-00013-00018816-00018938": "Let's rest!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00014-00019024-00019152": "We will have energy for tomorrow", "o51PtOxa5MM-00015-00019194-00019300": "Okay?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00016-00020380-00020480": "See!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00017-00020520-00020728": "I told you not to work hard", "o51PtOxa5MM-00018-00020782-00020940": "you get sick now", "o51PtOxa5MM-00019-00021072-00021184": "Don't worry too much!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00020-00021234-00021334": "I'm fine.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00021-00021374-00021574": "I feel better now", "o51PtOxa5MM-00022-00021574-00021674": "How can I not worry about you", "o51PtOxa5MM-00023-00021806-00022062": "Don't say a word! Please rest!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00024-00022204-00022312": "Honey! You have to sleep too.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00025-00022410-00022510": "You're tired too.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00026-00022550-00022818": "It's okay. I'll sleep after you.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00027-00023040-00023236": "If you don't sleep, I won't sleep too.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00028-00023404-00023504": "Okay!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00029-00023586-00023720": "So, please hurry to sleep!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00030-00023896-00023996": "You might get sick!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00031-00025578-00025902": "I want to see our family is full of happiness", "o51PtOxa5MM-00032-00025912-00026212": "and smile like this forever.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00033-00026320-00026420": "I want this smile", "o51PtOxa5MM-00034-00026482-00026620": "to last", "o51PtOxa5MM-00035-00026664-00026898": "forever.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00036-00026945-00027080": "When we were poor,", "o51PtOxa5MM-00037-00027124-00027260": "we also had happiness.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00038-00027300-00027583": "Although we faced hard times,", "o51PtOxa5MM-00039-00027583-00027874": "we still enjoyed this life and", "o51PtOxa5MM-00040-00027874-00027995": "fought until today.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00041-00028610-00028788": "What makes me scared is", "o51PtOxa5MM-00042-00028927-00029204": "we can't make that smile last forever", "o51PtOxa5MM-00043-00029262-00029530": "and can't bring the joy to the family", "o51PtOxa5MM-00044-00029582-00029906": "I don't want money without happiness", "o51PtOxa5MM-00045-00029922-00030110": "I just want happiness like when we were poor.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00046-00033182-00033452": "What's wrong? Why are you crying, LYLY?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00047-00033482-00033626": "Who hurt you?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00048-00033688-00033982": "I've slept with my boyfriend", "o51PtOxa5MM-00049-00034184-00034562": "and my mom got furious about it. She doesn't allow me to stay at home", "o51PtOxa5MM-00050-00034752-00035158": "My boyfriend has broken up with me", "o51PtOxa5MM-00051-00035212-00035312": "He is trying to", "o51PtOxa5MM-00052-00035321-00035630": "break up with me just because of small reasons", "o51PtOxa5MM-00053-00035630-00035852": "He asked me to break up", "o51PtOxa5MM-00054-00035892-00035992": "I have nowhere to go, sister.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00055-00036436-00036616": "I think you should go to beg", "o51PtOxa5MM-00056-00036648-00036874": "your mother again.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00057-00036874-00037144": "She might calm down now.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00058-00037144-00037448": "Don't have any relationship with those men!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00059-00037448-00037580": "It's a waste", "o51PtOxa5MM-00060-00037618-00037718": "No!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00061-00037760-00038108": "My mother has given up on me. Please allow me to stay with you", "o51PtOxa5MM-00062-00038258-00038438": "Please! We are cousins.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00063-00038532-00038678": "I have nowhere to go.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00064-00038842-00039074": "Please allow me to stay here!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00065-00039074-00039364": "I won't forget your kindness and", "o51PtOxa5MM-00066-00039364-00039464": "I won't let you disappointed.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00067-00040002-00040158": "Okay!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00068-00040260-00040360": "Please come in first!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00069-00041176-00041490": "Write the word \"Kitty\"!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00070-00043012-00043176": "Is it correct, mom?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00071-00043294-00043554": "You're right. Let you write another word!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00072-00043554-00043780": "I believe that you are good.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00073-00043942-00044176": "Write the words \"Parents\"", "o51PtOxa5MM-00074-00045494-00045800": "Wow! You are awesome.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00075-00046028-00046128": "Yey! Mom! Auntie!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00076-00046262-00046362": "I did it.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00077-00048374-00048620": "If I can get a big house like this,", "o51PtOxa5MM-00078-00048620-00048758": "I would be happy.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00079-00048962-00049306": "It's a brand new house.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00080-00049328-00049466": "It's beautiful", "o51PtOxa5MM-00081-00050550-00050838": "Honey! Have you done your work?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00082-00050838-00051138": "Not yet! I'll work on it tomorrow", "o51PtOxa5MM-00083-00051138-00051366": "Honey! She is my cousin, LYLY.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00084-00051366-00051544": "Greeting brother!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00085-00051544-00051714": "Do you remember her?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00086-00051741-00051855": "Of course!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00087-00051948-00052129": "She will stay here for a while.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00088-00052464-00052764": "Honey! I'll go now. I want to finish my work.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00089-00052829-00053046": "Please try to study hard my dear!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00090-00053046-00053141": "Yes , dad!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00091-00056117-00056417": "Honey! I want to change this part a little bit. What do you think?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00092-00056641-00056841": "Change to this, right?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00093-00057090-00057390": "Brother! Sister! What are you doing?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00094-00057390-00057641": "We just want to finish our works.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00095-00057641-00057934": "What are you doing here? Why don't you sleep?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00096-00057934-00058238": "Because it's new place. So, I can't sleep", "o51PtOxa5MM-00097-00058238-00058410": "You will adopt with it when you stay here two or three nights", "o51PtOxa5MM-00098-00059110-00059210": "Life Series", "o51PtOxa5MM-00099-00059402-00059502": "The Mistress", "o51PtOxa5MM-00100-00065896-00065996": "Life Series", "o51PtOxa5MM-00101-00066178-00066278": "The Mistress", "o51PtOxa5MM-00102-00066422-00066640": "Okay! Let's change to this one!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00103-00066886-00067186": "Brother! Sister! What're you doing?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00104-00067186-00067466": "Or! We just want to finish our works", "o51PtOxa5MM-00105-00067466-00067730": "What are you doing? Why don't you sleep?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00106-00067730-00068033": "Because it's a new place. I can't fall asleep easily", "o51PtOxa5MM-00107-00068034-00068206": "You will adopt with it when you spend a few days here", "o51PtOxa5MM-00108-00069164-00069482": "Sister! Can I stay here with both of you?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00109-00069596-00069734": "It's up to you", "o51PtOxa5MM-00110-00069804-00069908": "Okay!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00111-00072854-00073004": "Mom! I feel not well.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00112-00073042-00073174": "Did you have anything this morning?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00113-00073206-00073552": "No! This morning, I drank milk that auntie gave me.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00114-00073562-00073982": "She might haven't had breakfast", "o51PtOxa5MM-00115-00073982-00074092": "Mommy!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00116-00074092-00074300": "I want to go home", "o51PtOxa5MM-00117-00074300-00074616": "Honey! You can continue joking. I'll bring her home.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00118-00074616-00074880": "Please be well!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00119-00075972-00076096": "Sister told me that", "o51PtOxa5MM-00120-00076096-00076396": "you like bringing her and your daughter", "o51PtOxa5MM-00121-00076398-00076724": "to go joking almost every morning.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00122-00076736-00077076": "Right! I love doing exercise", "o51PtOxa5MM-00123-00077094-00077256": "Don't you like joking?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00124-00077296-00077536": "If you're tired, you can rest first.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00125-00077536-00077612": "No! I don't mean it", "o51PtOxa5MM-00126-00077612-00077774": "I like joking so much.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00127-00077774-00078062": "when I can stay with you, I feel happy", "o51PtOxa5MM-00128-00078372-00078494": "Let's continue!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00129-00078494-00078558": "Yes, brother!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00130-00080046-00080238": "What's wrong? Are you hurt?/", "o51PtOxa5MM-00131-00080238-00080316": "Yes! I'm alright.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00132-00080316-00080496": "My legs just hurt a little bit", "o51PtOxa5MM-00133-00080558-00080688": "You are not careful at all.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00134-00081414-00081680": "Let me carry you home!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00135-00084250-00084352": "Do you feel better?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00136-00084386-00084486": "Do you still feel a headache?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00137-00084548-00084748": "I feel a super headache", "o51PtOxa5MM-00138-00085088-00085334": "Please bear with it! We will arrive at our home soon, honey!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00139-00086400-00086628": "My dear, you already fell asleep.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00140-00090462-00090584": "Why is it so dark?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00141-00090784-00090902": "I'm scared.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00142-00091740-00091868": "Who are you?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00143-00091906-00092146": "Don't tell you are a ghost!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00144-00092216-00092316": "It's me.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00145-00092386-00092492": "I'm not a ghost.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00146-00092592-00092692": "PHEAKDEY!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00147-00092982-00093082": "I'm scared", "o51PtOxa5MM-00148-00093118-00093418": "It's okay! The electric will turn on soon", "o51PtOxa5MM-00149-00093418-00093616": "Don't be scared! I'm here.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00150-00094260-00094574": "What are you doing here at this late night?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00151-00094670-00094826": "I feel nervous.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00152-00094862-00095010": "I'm not feeling well.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00153-00095590-00095840": "Your temperature is normal", "o51PtOxa5MM-00154-00096304-00096450": "I'm sorry", "o51PtOxa5MM-00155-00098118-00098416": "Nothing will come to us unless we are", "o51PtOxa5MM-00156-00098416-00098856": "smart and fast a little bit", "o51PtOxa5MM-00157-00100534-00100834": "It's been a few months already.They haven't", "o51PtOxa5MM-00158-00100834-00100980": "given me any fee of water, electricity", "o51PtOxa5MM-00159-00101028-00101182": "and room", "o51PtOxa5MM-00160-00101299-00101433": "as well as million excuses", "o51PtOxa5MM-00161-00101596-00101726": "I have nothing to say.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00162-00102708-00102814": "Hello, honey!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00163-00102848-00103128": "Please check a room on the second floor", "o51PtOxa5MM-00164-00103170-00103470": "and asked them for fee", "o51PtOxa5MM-00165-00103470-00103768": "because they didn't listen to me.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00166-00103768-00104050": "they might listen to you", "o51PtOxa5MM-00167-00104050-00104150": "more than me.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00168-00107396-00107692": "If you don't want this photo to publicized", "o51PtOxa5MM-00169-00107692-00107961": "and ruin your family reputation,", "o51PtOxa5MM-00170-00108009-00108172": "give me $3000", "o51PtOxa5MM-00171-00108306-00108406": "Life Series", "o51PtOxa5MM-00172-00108666-00108766": "The Mistress", "o51PtOxa5MM-00173-00115441-00115541": "Life Series: The Mistress", "o51PtOxa5MM-00174-00118496-00118792": "If you don't this photo to be publicized", "o51PtOxa5MM-00175-00118792-00119061": "and ruin your family reputation,", "o51PtOxa5MM-00176-00119109-00119272": "give me $3000.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00177-00119722-00119822": "Who are you?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00178-00119980-00120082": "What are you doing?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00179-00120228-00120380": "Why did you do this crazy thing?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00180-00120456-00120614": "Are you threatening me?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00181-00120735-00120978": "Are you happy when you've done something stupid like this?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00182-00121222-00121424": "Who I am is not important", "o51PtOxa5MM-00183-00121492-00121685": "Money is important.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00184-00121720-00122033": "I can do whatever it takes to get money", "o51PtOxa5MM-00185-00122048-00122272": "Don't say anything! Give me money, If not", "o51PtOxa5MM-00186-00122292-00122464": "I'll this picture.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00187-00123106-00123398": "What should I do? If I don't give her money,", "o51PtOxa5MM-00188-00123478-00123659": "she will ruin my family.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00189-00124008-00124108": "Will you give me money?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00190-00124120-00124424": "If you don't, be prepared!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00191-00124424-00124590": "In the next 5 minutes,", "o51PtOxa5MM-00192-00124590-00124824": "you'll see this photo will be shared on social media.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00193-00126220-00126320": "Wait!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00194-00126438-00126538": "Okay!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00195-00126590-00126708": "I'll give you.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00196-00129035-00129322": "Your mother will be back soon.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00197-00129322-00129422": "Please sleep, my dear!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00198-00129472-00129748": "Let me work on another task!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00199-00129968-00130146": "but I want to hug mommy when I sleep.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00200-00131172-00131336": "Please sleep well, my dear!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00201-00134508-00134774": "Honey! Are you back? What makes you so long today?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00202-00134970-00135070": "Take our child to sleep upstairs first!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00203-00135704-00136006": "I tried to comfort her for long until she agreed to sleep", "o51PtOxa5MM-00204-00136006-00136220": "because she missed you.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00205-00136220-00136404": "She said she wanted to hug you.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00206-00138610-00138912": "I came home late today because", "o51PtOxa5MM-00207-00138912-00139096": "you made me solve your problems", "o51PtOxa5MM-00208-00139096-00139266": "I have to take care of farms", "o51PtOxa5MM-00209-00139310-00139488": "and check the work", "o51PtOxa5MM-00210-00139528-00139734": "as well as solve your problems", "o51PtOxa5MM-00211-00139888-00139990": "LYLY!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00212-00140022-00140300": "Haven't you go to sleep? You are so kind.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00213-00140344-00140644": "you're kind to comfort my husband.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00214-00140790-00141116": "I'm not disappointed to have a sister like you.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00215-00141434-00141680": "I'm happy until", "o51PtOxa5MM-00216-00141680-00141812": "I can't say anything.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00217-00142012-00142306": "I can't fall asleep. I'll go to sleep later", "o51PtOxa5MM-00218-00142484-00142744": "For those who have problems regarding the house fee,", "o51PtOxa5MM-00219-00142762-00142972": "I will solve it after I finish my work", "o51PtOxa5MM-00220-00143250-00143474": "It's late. Please go to bed my dear", "o51PtOxa5MM-00221-00145724-00145998": "Don't get it wrong!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00222-00146206-00146514": "We didn't do anything wrong.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00223-00146786-00146964": "LYLY! I haven't say anything", "o51PtOxa5MM-00224-00147020-00147262": "If you are really good,", "o51PtOxa5MM-00225-00147262-00147386": "don't afraid what I'm saying.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00226-00147566-00147870": "Where did you take this photo from?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00227-00147870-00148072": "If others see, they will judge our family.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00228-00148140-00148416": "Don't worry about it!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00229-00148416-00148532": "I've already taken care of it", "o51PtOxa5MM-00230-00148670-00148975": "I want to tell you", "o51PtOxa5MM-00231-00148975-00149269": "to think before act!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00232-00149508-00149608": "LYLY!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00233-00149674-00149914": "If it's not true,", "o51PtOxa5MM-00234-00149936-00150054": "it's good.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00235-00150142-00150368": "but If it is true,", "o51PtOxa5MM-00236-00150368-00150626": "you must have to deal with me.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00237-00150758-00150998": "Don't think of doing anything stupid!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00238-00153428-00153620": "Hm! She is so smart.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00239-00153654-00153772": "It won't take long for her", "o51PtOxa5MM-00240-00153816-00154120": "to notice that Brother and me", "o51PtOxa5MM-00241-00154158-00154426": "have slept with each other.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00242-00154426-00154574": "If she knows,", "o51PtOxa5MM-00243-00154622-00154814": "she won't let me live here.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00244-00154926-00155050": "What should I do?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00245-00156126-00156440": "No matter what happens, I still have my ways.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00246-00156440-00156816": "I was right that I took a video of us.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00247-00157706-00157992": "Only two of us stay here right now.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00248-00157992-00158580": "I promise you that I won't let sister know about it", "o51PtOxa5MM-00249-00158590-00158860": "I just wish to be your mistress", "o51PtOxa5MM-00250-00158910-00159226": "unless I can stay with you like this, I'm happy.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00251-00159242-00159414": "You are so lovely.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00252-00160118-00160440": "I love you so much. My sister's husband is also my husband", "o51PtOxa5MM-00253-00160440-00160722": "When she hugged you,", "o51PtOxa5MM-00254-00160722-00160988": "I felt so jealous.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00255-00160988-00161290": "but I can bear with it because of you.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00256-00161290-00161584": "I can do anything for you", "o51PtOxa5MM-00257-00163062-00163348": "Do you know", "o51PtOxa5MM-00258-00163348-00163602": "I can do anything for you.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00259-00163602-00163756": "I can break up with my boyfriend", "o51PtOxa5MM-00260-00163784-00164098": "and stay here. I do all of this to stay near you.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00261-00164104-00164346": "I can lie to my sister as well.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00262-00165146-00165429": "Today is our day.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00263-00165452-00165692": "I will comfort you all the best.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00264-00165876-00166208": "From head to toe, you will thank me.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00265-00167200-00167300": "Life Series", "o51PtOxa5MM-00266-00167482-00167582": "The Mistress", "o51PtOxa5MM-00267-00173862-00174062": "Life Series", "o51PtOxa5MM-00268-00174258-00174358": "The Mistress", "o51PtOxa5MM-00269-00175144-00175336": "Sister is smart.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00270-00175370-00175488": "It won't take long", "o51PtOxa5MM-00271-00175532-00175836": "for her to notice that Brother and me", "o51PtOxa5MM-00272-00175874-00176142": "have slept together.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00273-00176142-00176290": "If she knows", "o51PtOxa5MM-00274-00176338-00176530": "she won't let me stay here.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00275-00176642-00176766": "What should I do?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00276-00177842-00178156": "No matter what happens, I still have my ways.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00277-00178156-00178412": "I was right that I took a video", "o51PtOxa5MM-00278-00178412-00178526": "during that time.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00279-00179422-00179708": "Only two of us stay here right now", "o51PtOxa5MM-00280-00179708-00180252": "I promise I won't let sister knows about it", "o51PtOxa5MM-00281-00180278-00180600": "I just wish to be your mistress", "o51PtOxa5MM-00282-00180600-00180942": "at least I can stay with you like this, I'm happy.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00283-00180958-00181130": "You are so lovely.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00284-00181834-00182155": "I love you dearly. My sister's husband", "o51PtOxa5MM-00285-00182156-00182696": "is my husband too. When she hugged you, I felt jealous.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00286-00182704-00183006": "but I can bear with it because of you.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00287-00183006-00183300": "I can do anything for you", "o51PtOxa5MM-00288-00184777-00185064": "Do you know", "o51PtOxa5MM-00289-00185064-00185372": "I can do anything for you", "o51PtOxa5MM-00290-00185372-00185472": "I broke up with my boyfriend to", "o51PtOxa5MM-00291-00185500-00185814": "live here because I can stay with you.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00292-00185820-00186062": "I also lied to my sister for you as well.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00293-00186862-00187145": "Today is our day.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00294-00187167-00187407": "I will comfort you all my best", "o51PtOxa5MM-00295-00187564-00188006": "from head to toe. I'll make you happy with it.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00296-00189806-00190074": "Honey! My dear!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00297-00190074-00190208": "Honey! Let's go to eat at our farm today", "o51PtOxa5MM-00298-00190242-00190470": "I want to get the fresh air there.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00299-00190564-00190914": "I have many works to do. I don't have free time.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00300-00190952-00191082": "Let's go, honey!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00301-00191122-00191322": "Mommy! I want to go there.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00302-00191558-00191786": "You are a daughter when you go to school.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00303-00191848-00192030": "You will be intelligent when you go to school.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00304-00192382-00192616": "The study is important, my dear!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00305-00194548-00194746": "Don't do this!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00306-00194746-00195020": "You won't be handsome.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00307-00195754-00195990": "I'll eat something with you.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00308-00196010-00196406": "I can comfort you every time you need me.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00309-00196470-00196712": "If she doesn't value you,", "o51PtOxa5MM-00310-00196750-00197050": "I'm the one who values you the most.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00311-00197064-00197294": "and I'll take care of you.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00312-00197514-00197822": "I heard that you like tea", "o51PtOxa5MM-00313-00197838-00198118": "I tried to make it for you.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00314-00198500-00198748": "I want you to feel better", "o51PtOxa5MM-00315-00198768-00198926": "when you go to work.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00316-00199158-00199348": "You can think of me", "o51PtOxa5MM-00317-00199348-00199646": "and want to be with me forever.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00318-00200006-00200216": "You are so sweet", "o51PtOxa5MM-00319-00200262-00200362": "and", "o51PtOxa5MM-00320-00200370-00200613": "gorgeous.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00321-00200614-00200856": "Every man must miss you so much.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00322-00201052-00201208": "every breath", "o51PtOxa5MM-00323-00201238-00201458": "If you miss like this,", "o51PtOxa5MM-00324-00201494-00201710": "don't go to work today.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00325-00201742-00201906": "Please come to my heart!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00326-00201940-00202194": "Leave your work apart!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00327-00202194-00202382": "Please think about it later!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00328-00202714-00202936": "I will always be in your heart", "o51PtOxa5MM-00329-00202982-00203242": "I can't go anywhere.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00330-00203438-00203774": "You always make me happy.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00331-00203822-00203964": "Please drink so tea!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00332-00207188-00207480": "Sister! Haven't you go to work yet?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00333-00207502-00207616": "I forgot my documents.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00334-00207769-00207869": "Honey!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00335-00207912-00208030": "You said that", "o51PtOxa5MM-00336-00208078-00208294": "you will go to help me", "o51PtOxa5MM-00337-00208294-00208578": "to go to the farm right", "o51PtOxa5MM-00338-00208578-00208810": "I forget. I'll hurry to go now.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00339-00210060-00210176": "Please go upstairs with me!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00340-00210256-00210364": "Okay, sister!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00341-00211323-00211654": "Sister! What do you want to tell me?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00342-00212192-00212544": "I think I let you stay here for a long time already", "o51PtOxa5MM-00343-00212650-00212866": "You should find any another place.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00344-00212976-00213212": "I have nowhere to go", "o51PtOxa5MM-00345-00213212-00213504": "Why do you want me to leave all of sudden?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00346-00213504-00213682": "Do you think", "o51PtOxa5MM-00347-00213682-00214008": "I'm stupid that you can", "o51PtOxa5MM-00348-00214008-00214338": "do anything as you wish.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00349-00214380-00214584": "I know you clearly.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00350-00214584-00214916": "You changed boyfriends like clothes", "o51PtOxa5MM-00351-00214973-00215140": "How about my husband?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00352-00215186-00215471": "Do think I am stupid?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00353-00215540-00215684": "I don't want to be harsh to you.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00354-00215773-00216096": "but I have to do it for your own good.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00355-00216121-00216400": "I have to do this with a cruel person who", "o51PtOxa5MM-00356-00216400-00216780": "wants to be my husband's mistress like you", "o51PtOxa5MM-00357-00217017-00217367": "Sister! You got it wrong. Nothing happens between us.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00358-00217376-00217610": "I've never wished to do that.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00359-00217766-00217948": "you don't wish to but you already did it", "o51PtOxa5MM-00360-00218119-00218338": "If I let you stay longer,", "o51PtOxa5MM-00361-00218382-00218617": "you will ruin my family.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00362-00218630-00218940": "Please leave my home today and right now", "o51PtOxa5MM-00363-00218982-00219256": "this time, this second. Get lost!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00364-00219292-00219458": "I have nowhere to go, sister.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00365-00219519-00219716": "Please don't kick me out!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00366-00219856-00220236": "Don't be drama with me!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00367-00220278-00220378": "I know you since you were young", "o51PtOxa5MM-00368-00220498-00220652": "I know your characteristic", "o51PtOxa5MM-00369-00220684-00220784": "but I don't think", "o51PtOxa5MM-00370-00220882-00221136": "you still don't change", "o51PtOxa5MM-00371-00221200-00221448": "You are so cheap.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00372-00221638-00221980": "DOn't touch me with your hands!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00373-00222956-00223256": "Okay! If you can do it for your husband and", "o51PtOxa5MM-00374-00223256-00223434": "kicked me out like this", "o51PtOxa5MM-00375-00223467-00223669": "If you dare to do this to me,", "o51PtOxa5MM-00376-00223721-00223946": "I can comfort you by playing this game.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00377-00225156-00225406": "Hello, sister! What happens now?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00378-00225476-00225646": "Why are you so quiet?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00379-00225730-00225871": "I have money to rent this home", "o51PtOxa5MM-00380-00225904-00226248": "I'm not begging you to live here free. if you still doing to me,", "o51PtOxa5MM-00381-00226248-00226382": "I will post about your place.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00382-00226434-00226571": "I told you", "o51PtOxa5MM-00383-00227380-00227656": "PHEAKDEY! He can't even solve it", "o51PtOxa5MM-00384-00228354-00228478": "What are you doing here?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00385-00228806-00229148": "I'm here to show you a special scene.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00386-00229336-00229740": "If I don't show you, I feel regret.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00387-00231140-00231440": "How was it, my beloved sister?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00388-00231448-00231610": "How do you feel?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00389-00231650-00231771": "Little brat!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00390-00231826-00232173": "Even if animal, it still feels shame", "o51PtOxa5MM-00391-00232173-00232273": "but you", "o51PtOxa5MM-00392-00232360-00232460": "can do anything", "o51PtOxa5MM-00393-00232662-00232982": "If I posted a good video like this", "o51PtOxa5MM-00394-00232982-00233288": "on social media", "o51PtOxa5MM-00395-00233302-00233580": "I don't know who will share it", "o51PtOxa5MM-00396-00233602-00233742": "What are you doing?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00397-00233773-00233906": "I want to be famous.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00398-00234646-00234746": "Is this the way you repay me?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00399-00234858-00234958": "Crocodile!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00400-00234971-00235271": "We both are crocodile. Don't curse me!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00401-00235282-00235386": "Honey! I think...", "o51PtOxa5MM-00402-00237310-00237421": "Next Episode:", "o51PtOxa5MM-00403-00237476-00237886": "I wish I would never meet a sister who steals my husband ever again.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00404-00237930-00238228": "What are you doing?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00405-00238228-00238328": "Because I don't trust person like you", "o51PtOxa5MM-00406-00238444-00238602": "What do you know about me?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00407-00238662-00238762": "Your cousin!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00408-00238923-00239050": "she asked $50000 from you. Don't tell me you don't know about it.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00409-00239198-00239298": "What did you say?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00410-00239323-00239423": "Room owner!", "o51PtOxa5MM-00411-00239652-00239852": "May I", "o51PtOxa5MM-00412-00239914-00240014": "ask your name card?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00413-00240108-00240208": "The number you are calling cannot be reached at this time.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00414-00240340-00240448": "Where did you come from?", "o51PtOxa5MM-00415-00240480-00240769": "He checked in and want his customer for 30 mn.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00416-00240769-00241040": "If you go there, you will meet him.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00417-00241064-00241284": "the only way to leave the rent room is to steal another's husband.", "o51PtOxa5MM-00418-00241490-00241794": "SASTRA FILM", "o51PtOxa5MM-00419-00241794-00242126": "Sponsor by:", "o51PtOxa5MM-00420-00242626-00242726": "Please watching another episode!"}}, {"audio_id": "o53aC-KiCVE", "text": {"o53aC-KiCVE-00000-00000017-00000418": "This week this YouTube channel turned two years old and while I spend every minute of", "o53aC-KiCVE-00001-00000418-00000679": "my life discussing marketing with other people.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00002-00000679-00001140": "Lets be honest personal reflection often brings on the greatest revelations and reminders", "o53aC-KiCVE-00003-00001140-00001338": "of what is actually going on.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00004-00001338-00001704": "So in this video I am going to discuss a few lessons of building a fanbase from scratch", "o53aC-KiCVE-00005-00001704-00002676": "that I was recently reminded of upon looking back at this last year.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00006-00002676-00003048": "Hi I'm Jesse Cannon a music marketing nerd whos teaching musicians how to grow their", "o53aC-KiCVE-00007-00003048-00003440": "fanbase from zero to 10,000 fans and this is Musformation.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00008-00003440-00004090": "So the first lesson I want to discuss is similar to the one I started with last year in the", "o53aC-KiCVE-00009-00004090-00004271": "video I made like this.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00010-00004271-00004642": "If you recall last year I pointed out that when I started this channel I made an agreement", "o53aC-KiCVE-00011-00004642-00005081": "with myself that I would post two videos a week the entire year and then decide what", "o53aC-KiCVE-00012-00005081-00005394": "I should do from there and if I should keep going.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00013-00005394-00005953": "And for musicians I suggest committing to 8-10 months of consistent sustained promotion", "o53aC-KiCVE-00014-00005953-00006366": "and then really giving what you're doing a hard evaluation since just releasing one or", "o53aC-KiCVE-00015-00006366-00006892": "two songs isn't enough time to see the effects of pushing out your music constantly.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00016-00006892-00007395": "So last year I had set out with a goal of 10,000 subscribers but I came up short with", "o53aC-KiCVE-00017-00007395-00007888": "only 5K but the agreement with myself was I would keep going if it was showing benefits", "o53aC-KiCVE-00018-00007888-00008517": "to my life since putting a number of followers or views goal is dumb since if you watch this", "o53aC-KiCVE-00019-00008517-00008960": "channel you know tons of artists have tons of streams on spotify but no fan engagement", "o53aC-KiCVE-00020-00008960-00009442": "and vice versa.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00021-00009442-00009886": "I felt amazing about the community I made so there was no question I would keep doing", "o53aC-KiCVE-00022-00009886-00009986": "this.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00023-00009986-00010384": "But I think its important to have these temperature check in with yourself.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00024-00010384-00010793": "For musicians particularly if you are doing my release strategy of putting out a song", "o53aC-KiCVE-00025-00010793-00011256": "every two months I think particularly every 3 songs you should have a check in about what's", "o53aC-KiCVE-00026-00011256-00011934": "going great and what's going on and particularly if you have a great success you should really", "o53aC-KiCVE-00027-00011934-00012472": "get under the hood and examine this and I had a great success and I will talk about", "o53aC-KiCVE-00028-00012472-00013040": "what happened there in a few mins but its also important to keep going for long enough", "o53aC-KiCVE-00029-00013040-00013443": "for it to be possible to grow.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00030-00013443-00013640": "But lets talk about this check in I had.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00031-00013640-00014151": "So last year I got to 5k subscribers, right about this week last year and this year I", "o53aC-KiCVE-00032-00014151-00014704": "am just about to 27,000 so a little over 5x growth and while I am super proud of that.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00033-00014704-00015301": "Last year I had about 15x growth and now if we talk statistically that was easier since", "o53aC-KiCVE-00034-00015301-00015869": "the distance between the 300 subscribers I got on day one to the 5000 of year one compared", "o53aC-KiCVE-00035-00015869-00016496": "to 5000-27000 well its a lot bigger of a number and 5x a much bigger number.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00036-00016496-00016912": "All of this to say though that I know so many of you are frustrated and know I talk about", "o53aC-KiCVE-00037-00016912-00017548": "the first 10,000 fans all the time and a lot of this is because with those 10k fans it", "o53aC-KiCVE-00038-00017548-00018035": "becomes so much easier to build if you maintain consistent sustained promotion since those", "o53aC-KiCVE-00039-00018035-00018526": "fans help spread the word on you and give you a platform.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00040-00018526-00020590": "As I talked about in the last video theres just more data for algorithms to see who they", "o53aC-KiCVE-00041-00020590-00021053": "should recommend you to as well as an audience who will boost you up and it just gets so", "o53aC-KiCVE-00042-00021053-00021645": "much easier and fulfilling as things go forward so remind yourself that when it gets hard", "o53aC-KiCVE-00043-00021645-00021745": "on the way up.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00044-00021745-00022117": "I also crossed a million views on my channel which is a cool metric but really doesn't", "o53aC-KiCVE-00045-00022117-00022508": "matter much if people don't stick around so I really haven't focused on this.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00046-00022508-00023315": "So anyway I fell short of the 50k goal of doing 10x growth by just a little less than", "o53aC-KiCVE-00047-00023315-00023451": "I did the year before so GAINS!", "o53aC-KiCVE-00048-00023451-00024115": "So I have decided to do a less modest goal of 100k since that's only 4x growth this year.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00049-00024115-00024451": "Well see next year how it goes but I think its important to have something to keep pushing", "o53aC-KiCVE-00050-00024451-00024948": "for and while I won't stop doing this channel if I fail I will reasses my strategy heavily", "o53aC-KiCVE-00051-00024948-00025051": "if I don't get there.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00052-00025051-00025384": "And since I didn't make my goal this year I want to talk to you about the lessons I", "o53aC-KiCVE-00053-00025384-00025768": "learned about how I failed.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00054-00025768-00026073": "Lesson 2 Is one of those lessons and I am sure you have had this in your life where", "o53aC-KiCVE-00055-00026073-00026487": "you can give the advice to someone else but you know damn well you're not taking the advice", "o53aC-KiCVE-00056-00026487-00026587": "yourself.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00057-00026587-00027011": "In like half the music marketing calls I do with DIY artists I have to tell them you should", "o53aC-KiCVE-00058-00027011-00027737": "have at least two singles lyric and music videos done and 4 more songs mastered before", "o53aC-KiCVE-00059-00027737-00028198": "you start promoting song 1 so if life gets the best of you your director takes an extra", "o53aC-KiCVE-00060-00028198-00028648": "month to finish the edit you don't slow down your consistent sustained promotion and lose", "o53aC-KiCVE-00061-00028648-00029108": "momentum and I know very well consistency is one of the most important things but since", "o53aC-KiCVE-00062-00029108-00029594": "this channel is the fun I do outside of work it doesn't always take priority.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00063-00029594-00030144": "So somewhere in 2020 I stopped being 8 weeks ahead on these videos and truthfully as I", "o53aC-KiCVE-00064-00030144-00030550": "have mentioned before I work in politics as part of one of my many jobs and lets just", "o53aC-KiCVE-00065-00030550-00031188": "say from the end of the election to Jan 22 some weird things happened that I had to work", "o53aC-KiCVE-00066-00031188-00031491": "on and frankly I was burnt out.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00067-00031491-00031926": "I had lost so much sleep, my doctor had told me my physical health was messed up.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00068-00031926-00032386": "I stopped exercising it was all too much and after this channel had its biggest explosion", "o53aC-KiCVE-00069-00032386-00032824": "of viewers and things really started to take off, because I didn't have a ton of content", "o53aC-KiCVE-00070-00032824-00033421": "banked I lost momentum and all the big views I was getting and my peak growth it died down", "o53aC-KiCVE-00071-00033421-00033888": "and honestly it really hasnt come back and its been months.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00072-00033888-00034386": "Sure the channel is still growing and things are going well but man after I released that", "o53aC-KiCVE-00073-00034386-00034843": "video on NFTs being the future of music so many of you saw what I was doing and went", "o53aC-KiCVE-00074-00034843-00035443": "down the rabbit hole and so many of my videos got into the algorithm and i just saw explosive", "o53aC-KiCVE-00075-00035443-00035543": "growth.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00076-00035543-00035981": "In one month I tripled my subscriptions, and within 90 days after that instead oif posting", "o53aC-KiCVE-00077-00035981-00036461": "weekly I was only positing once every two weeks and just like that my channel growth", "o53aC-KiCVE-00078-00036461-00037040": "went back to the speed it was growing at before the NFT video which is cool but I want that", "o53aC-KiCVE-00079-00037040-00037611": "high of when I wassd really killing it and have massive growth and while I tell everyone", "o53aC-KiCVE-00080-00037611-00038238": "you gotta stay ahead since some weeks lifes gonna hand you a heartbreak, COVID, a move", "o53aC-KiCVE-00081-00038238-00038728": "or an injury if you're weeks ahead on your content no one will see your consistency break", "o53aC-KiCVE-00082-00038728-00039322": "and unfortunately these algorithms are everything and they love consistency.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00083-00039322-00040275": "So here’s the point, what I am doing with my life this week before I head out of the", "o53aC-KiCVE-00084-00040275-00040733": "country to relax for a while I am gonna get 12 videos ahead so I never am faced with this", "o53aC-KiCVE-00085-00040733-00041253": "problem again I learned my lesson and hopefully you can learn from me and the countless musicians", "o53aC-KiCVE-00086-00041253-00042038": "who have told me because they werent ahead on their content they lost momentum that could", "o53aC-KiCVE-00087-00042038-00042206": "have led them to bigger things.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00088-00042206-00042324": "Lesson 3.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00089-00042324-00042906": "So like I said that NFT video was a big win for me it has almost 120k views and it changed", "o53aC-KiCVE-00090-00042906-00043114": "the channels reach in a huge way but one of the things we have to remember and one of", "o53aC-KiCVE-00091-00043114-00043496": "the lessons I learned from it is it was right after I got this room I shoot in.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00092-00043496-00043885": "I had been looking at other YouTubers who do what I did and realized I really needed", "o53aC-KiCVE-00093-00043885-00044087": "to level up my look.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00094-00044087-00044775": "Now it didn't help we were in a pandemic and I moved where I shoot 3 times in like 9 months", "o53aC-KiCVE-00095-00044775-00045259": "so my set options werent so ideal but a big lesson I learned that I see in music all the", "o53aC-KiCVE-00096-00045259-00045790": "time is so many of you know that you're writing great songs but sometimes its helpful to examine", "o53aC-KiCVE-00097-00045790-00046287": "if you really are bring the quality of production as high as it should be.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00098-00046287-00046694": "I employed a photographer friend and got this place well setup and continue to buy a lot", "o53aC-KiCVE-00099-00046694-00047615": "of equipment since I feel my content is great but it wasnt hitting the views I wanted and", "o53aC-KiCVE-00100-00047615-00048088": "sure enough right after I started filming here my numbers went up considerably.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00101-00048088-00048550": "If you feel your songs are banging take a good look at whether your mixes or mastering", "o53aC-KiCVE-00102-00048550-00049140": "could be improved, do you need a better vocal mic.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00103-00049140-00049612": "Its important to continually figure out what's the weakest link in what you do and figure", "o53aC-KiCVE-00104-00049612-00049859": "out a plan to level it up.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00105-00049859-00050116": "Lesson 4 is another one I was pretending not to know.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00106-00050116-00050477": "We have to remember it takes a few times of hearing your name or your songs before people", "o53aC-KiCVE-00107-00050477-00050944": "get tipped to checking it out nevermind becoming obsessed with it which could take a few more", "o53aC-KiCVE-00108-00050944-00051044": "times.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00109-00051044-00051558": "I think of my recent experience where I found my favroite new artist of 2021- Underscores.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00110-00051558-00052064": "I got their songs played for me a few times on Spotify radio but wasn’t loving it, then", "o53aC-KiCVE-00111-00052064-00052504": "one song clicked and I heard another song on a TikTok trend and liked it so I hit play", "o53aC-KiCVE-00112-00052504-00053110": "on the LP and they have become my favorite artist of late 2021.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00113-00053110-00053729": "While the button to go deeper on them was right there on Spotify theres something about", "o53aC-KiCVE-00114-00053729-00054163": "hearing about someone somewhere else that makes our brains feel like we should go deeper", "o53aC-KiCVE-00115-00054163-00054666": "so I left tiktok and went back to spotify and listened to their LP even though I could", "o53aC-KiCVE-00116-00054666-00055572": "have done that the numerous times spotify radio played me them.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00117-00055572-00056142": "I took this to myself and realized my utter disdain for promoting my work has to come", "o53aC-KiCVE-00118-00056142-00056638": "to an end and realized I could do a lot of things I am interested in on TikTok since", "o53aC-KiCVE-00119-00056638-00057037": "I don't always have ten minutes of thoughts on a subject and sure enough its off to a", "o53aC-KiCVE-00120-00057037-00057520": "great success and as an aside I have told you all theirs no platform that offers growth", "o53aC-KiCVE-00121-00057520-00058247": "and listeners faster and a great example here was it took me 30 days to get 1000 followers", "o53aC-KiCVE-00122-00058247-00058948": "then two weeks after that I had 2000 since one of my videos took off.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00123-00058948-00059382": "By the comments I get a lot of people are finding my books and youtube from TikTok and", "o53aC-KiCVE-00124-00059382-00059785": "yet again remember this is where people are going to go to be entertained and find their", "o53aC-KiCVE-00125-00059785-00060426": "tiny genre niches and if you can find your community here the time is now for big growth", "o53aC-KiCVE-00126-00060426-00060675": "and that window will invetibable close.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00127-00060675-00061204": "My only great is not doing it sooner since I am seeing the benefits of tiktok introducing", "o53aC-KiCVE-00128-00061204-00062382": "me to new people every day and so many of the musicians I know are having the same experience.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00129-00062382-00062822": "OK that's it I hope you all have a happy holiday.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00130-00062822-00063111": "If you enjoyed this please like and subscribe and leave a comment below.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00131-00063111-00063477": "I answer every comment so feel free to ask away any thoughts you have.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00132-00063477-00063957": "If you enjoyed this video you will surely enjoy my more exciting content so click on", "o53aC-KiCVE-00133-00063957-00064374": "the playlist now to learn how to go from zero to ten thousand fans or how to get your music", "o53aC-KiCVE-00134-00064374-00064670": "noticed or how to blow up on spotify in 2022.", "o53aC-KiCVE-00135-00064670-00064711": "Thanks for watching."}}, {"audio_id": "o58pRLvCwy4", "text": {"o58pRLvCwy4-00000-00000000-00000200": "Prevention is better than cure!"}}, {"audio_id": "o5xJSpVXzwI", "text": {"o5xJSpVXzwI-00000-00000475-00000649": "QSO?", "o5xJSpVXzwI-00001-00001499-00001681": "QRM?", "o5xJSpVXzwI-00002-00002523-00002713": "QSG?", "o5xJSpVXzwI-00003-00003484-00003672": "QTC", "o5xJSpVXzwI-00004-00004450-00004638": "QRG?", "o5xJSpVXzwI-00005-00005496-00005680": "QSX?", "o5xJSpVXzwI-00006-00006460-00006641": "QTX", "o5xJSpVXzwI-00007-00007324-00007504": "QSS", "o5xJSpVXzwI-00008-00008168-00008348": "QRI", "o5xJSpVXzwI-00009-00009012-00009189": "QSA", "o5xJSpVXzwI-00010-00009895-00010090": "QRY", "o5xJSpVXzwI-00011-00010877-00011056": "QSM?", "o5xJSpVXzwI-00012-00011891-00012075": "QRH?", "o5xJSpVXzwI-00013-00012821-00012992": "QTA", "o5xJSpVXzwI-00014-00013667-00013854": "QTC", "o5xJSpVXzwI-00015-00014641-00014836": "QRX?", "o5xJSpVXzwI-00016-00015687-00015866": "QRS?", "o5xJSpVXzwI-00017-00016699-00016890": 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"o5FxmOqJwS8-00002-00001491-00002328": "DIY Swivel Squeegee it's also Got a Sorbo   channel on it As you can see it's all", "o5FxmOqJwS8-00003-00002328-00003272": "Attached to the Channel When I get a Chance I'll give you a Couple of Demos how", "o5FxmOqJwS8-00004-00003272-00003990": "they Work on Big Glass I think you'll be Surprised Well Suppose THAT'S ABOUT IT!"}}, {"audio_id": "o5FA71_pRay", "text": {"o5FA71_pRay-00000-00000026-00000420": "French Embassy in Argentina, March 15th, 2018. 15hrs.", "o5FA71_pRay-00001-00000438-00000600": "Never Without Them", "o5FA71_pRay-00002-00000606-00001586": "When I arrived here, in Argentina, I learned about the movement “jamais sans elles”, or never without them.", "o5FA71_pRay-00003-00001650-00001900": "That women are treated the same way men are.", "o5FA71_pRay-00004-00001973-00002402": "Many of my colleagues were giving me looks as if I were some Martian,", "o5FA71_pRay-00005-00002434-00003040": "where am I getting these ideas? Only the French will come up with such strange ideas.", "o5FA71_pRay-00006-00003108-00003304": "Many feel threatened.", "o5FA71_pRay-00007-00003629-00003968": "“Look what she was wearing” – that is unbearable.", "o5FA71_pRay-00008-00004170-00004400": "We have nothing to lose"}}, {"audio_id": "o5VmOJwVo3U", "text": {"o5VmOJwVo3U-00000-00000394-00000732": "Hello and Welcome to an all new HGDR Entertainment episode", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00001-00000770-00001222": "This time it is not a review or direct gameplay footage, but rather a blog", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00002-00001234-00001602": "about something i notice in the field alot. Or actually don't notice at all...", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00003-00001602-00001878": "named, Situational Awareness", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00004-00001928-00002556": "Despite this situational awareness is an important thing in a combat situation. As wikipedia mentions.", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00005-00004734-00005450": "Although the serious consequences in Airsoft aren't that serious, it may be the difference in winning or losing.", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00006-00005468-00005946": "But what is situational awareness?", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00007-00007358-00007844": "Situational awareness can be as small as possible, like visible in this video", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00008-00007873-00008312": "During a flanking action, my teammate Peter and I are behind enemy lines", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00009-00008330-00008930": "Despite our wish to proceed, Peter perfectly checks the environment and warns me about an incoming opponent in our rear", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00010-00008976-00009374": "This made taking him out an easy job without consequences.", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00011-00009428-00010118": "In this case my teammate was perfectly aware of what is happening in our environment, like an opponent at our 6", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00012-00010140-00011000": "He also knows how this could impact our actions, like being taken out, and warns me about it. That way we could take car of it.", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00013-00011122-00011530": "More than knowing where the opponents are, is knowing where your own teammates are.", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00014-00011552-00011842": "A situation concerning this is shown in these images", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00015-00011852-00012528": "During an action we are pushed across this hill. Meanwhile a push from our team is happening on our right.", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00016-00012566-00013072": "I have been following this, and thus I know where our teammates are located.", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00017-00013100-00013519": "A couple teammates are unaware of this and almost engage on our teammates", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00018-00013546-00014004": "Luckily I can convince them where the actual opponents are and with that avoid friendly fire", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00019-00014050-00014463": "These are just 2 examples which show the importance of situational awareness.", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00020-00014472-00014938": "But situational awareness isn't only keeping attention at your surroundings.", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00021-00014938-00015232": "Since you can not always hear and see everything", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00022-00015247-00015980": "Therefore communication with your team is necessary to adjust your current information and surrounding flow.", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00023-00016008-00016324": "Furthermore you have the part concerning your expections.", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00024-00016324-00016620": "You for instance expect an opponent around a certain corner,", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00025-00016624-00017760": "or you know that a person in the distance is an opponent just by the way he hides behind cover", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00026-00017804-00018504": "Expections like those are some of the things you learn with experience. Both in total and on specific fields", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00027-00018548-00018864": "And these expections can also be used against you", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00028-00018874-00019652": "If you are for instance doing a nice flanking maneuvre, the change is high that your teammates will open fire on you, because you face them.", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00029-00019684-00020242": "You can however, also use it to your advantage. As shown in these images.", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00030-00020258-00020964": "I managed to flank around the entire map. Once I got there I act as an opponent.", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00031-00020996-00021718": "As result I am not shot down and I am able to position myself in a perfect spot to take out multiple opponents.", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00032-00021736-00022146": "These are just a couple images that show the importance of situational awareness", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00033-00022160-00022694": "It is however just a small grasp, cause situational awareness is visible nearly everywhere", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00034-00022716-00023346": "Now only remains for me to show you how to improve your own situational awareness", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00035-00023346-00024172": "This isn't hard. Simply check your surroundings and communicate this information towards your teammates.", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00036-00024186-00024916": "It is however off importance, that you do not only do this with the persons you are currently with. But also with new teammates that are coming in from the respawn.", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00037-00024916-00025356": "This will keep the information flow running to maximum effect!", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00038-00025382-00025608": "And on this bombshell this video ends.", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00039-00025645-00026450": "If you like this or other videos from HGDR Entertainment, don't forget to subscribe or leave a like and/or comment down below!", "o5VmOJwVo3U-00040-00026472-00026780": "Furthermore I thank you all for watching and untill the next time!"}}, {"audio_id": "o74K8JnOnhk", "text": {"o74K8JnOnhk-00000-00000022-00000334": "on this video we see the importance of covering the soil", "o74K8JnOnhk-00001-00000364-00000676": "with leaves or other organic material to retain humidity", "o74K8JnOnhk-00002-00000930-00001622": "pick two equal recipients full with soil and make a few holes to eliminates the excess of water and fill with water", "o74K8JnOnhk-00003-00001907-00002392": "looks how the soil keeps the water", "o74K8JnOnhk-00004-00003811-00004288": "After that you can fill the recipient with mulch", "o74K8JnOnhk-00005-00004508-00005526": "Five days after the soil without mulch gets like this", "o74K8JnOnhk-00006-00007600-00008406": "Meanwhile the recipient with mulch have the soil with a good humidity", "o74K8JnOnhk-00007-00008456-00008860": "in a replacement of dead leaves you can add cutted grass", "o74K8JnOnhk-00008-00008860-00009060": "your plants and soil will thank you"}}, {"audio_id": "o8mTc207tLo", "text": {"o8mTc207tLo-00000-00000021-00000369": "My name is Alberto Arroyo Merma. I was born in Cusco.", "o8mTc207tLo-00001-00000470-00000729": "I have lived here in the jungle for more than forty years.", "o8mTc207tLo-00002-00000822-00001151": "I am the owner of a forest concession  of 600 hectares.", "o8mTc207tLo-00003-00001253-00001485": "I work in the collection of Brazil nuts.", "o8mTc207tLo-00004-00001582-00002022": "My forest is one of the most well conserved forests,", "o8mTc207tLo-00005-00002137-00002497": "because in the forty years I have worked here, I have only worked", "o8mTc207tLo-00006-00002544-00002737": "in the collection of the fruits  of the Brazil nut trees.", "o8mTc207tLo-00007-00002816-00003043": "and, I have never been logging for wood.", "o8mTc207tLo-00008-00003123-00003345": "For that reason, my forest is a forest", "o8mTc207tLo-00009-00003351-00003646": "that is intact, having been well taken care of and more protected.", "o8mTc207tLo-00010-00003717-00003880": "It has many plant species,", "o8mTc207tLo-00011-00003958-00004163": "there are animals", "o8mTc207tLo-00012-00004200-00004444": "there is a lot of forest activity with many distinct varieties of life.", "o8mTc207tLo-00013-00004521-00004710": "But why didn't you want to log?", "o8mTc207tLo-00014-00004735-00004900": "The harvest of Brazil nuts", "o8mTc207tLo-00015-00004900-00005198": "was enough for me to to be able to", "o8mTc207tLo-00016-00005198-00005452": "take care of my family, and to be able to live.", "o8mTc207tLo-00017-00005483-00005650": "This is one thing. The other is that", "o8mTc207tLo-00018-00005683-00005919": "I have also been seeing as well", "o8mTc207tLo-00019-00005942-00006180": "that indiscriminate logging", "o8mTc207tLo-00020-00006206-00006399": "affects the production of Brazil nut trees", "o8mTc207tLo-00021-00006452-00006703": "So, if my main source of income  is Brazil nuts,", "o8mTc207tLo-00022-00006764-00007019": "then that's the principal reason", "o8mTc207tLo-00023-00007052-00007383": "that I haven't worked at logging here.", "o8mTc207tLo-00024-00007736-00008073": "Do you have any  other income besides Brazil nut collection?", "o8mTc207tLo-00025-00008147-00008572": "My principal source of income is collecting Brazil nuts, this is what I depend on", "o8mTc207tLo-00026-00008670-00009047": "but now, since the economy is  poor,", "o8mTc207tLo-00027-00009057-00009269": "and I also have children now studying in university.", "o8mTc207tLo-00028-00009311-00009481": "I have a grand-child who I care for", "o8mTc207tLo-00029-00009482-00009662": "who suffers from cerebral palsy,", "o8mTc207tLo-00030-00009738-00009901": "So, for all this I need better income.", "o8mTc207tLo-00031-00009938-00010172": "For this reason, I have now come to the decision", "o8mTc207tLo-00032-00010174-00010322": "to cut down some trees,", "o8mTc207tLo-00033-00010332-00010636": "to be able to make ends meet, and find the money I need.", "o8mTc207tLo-00034-00010706-00010909": "So, before this year,", "o8mTc207tLo-00035-00010970-00011280": "your income was  enough, you were able to take care", "o8mTc207tLo-00036-00011286-00011735": "of all your obligations that you had  as the main breadwinner of your family?", "o8mTc207tLo-00037-00011769-00011946": "Yes, exactly.", "o8mTc207tLo-00038-00011987-00012320": "This is why you are now going to solicit permission to cut trees?", "o8mTc207tLo-00039-00012348-00012434": "Yes, to log, yes.", "o8mTc207tLo-00040-00012456-00012564": "So, how do you feel about that?", "o8mTc207tLo-00041-00012604-00012726": "Well, it hurts a little,", "o8mTc207tLo-00042-00012783-00013029": "because these  are trees who in the last forty years", "o8mTc207tLo-00043-00013055-00013199": "have always been accompanying me, no?", "o8mTc207tLo-00044-00013224-00013707": "They are trees I have always said hello to, and that for all this time, I saw them,", "o8mTc207tLo-00045-00013730-00013900": "and I was preserving them.", "o8mTc207tLo-00046-00013938-00014077": "But now, sadly,", "o8mTc207tLo-00047-00014081-00014261": "I have a new need", "o8mTc207tLo-00048-00014263-00014428": "to log these trees", "o8mTc207tLo-00049-00014433-00014592": "to be able to take care of my family.", "o8mTc207tLo-00050-00014638-00014773": "Which species will you log?", "o8mTc207tLo-00051-00014891-00015138": "At this point, Shihuahuaco (Dipteryx micrantha).", "o8mTc207tLo-00052-00015195-00015435": "This is one of my beautiful Shihuahuacos,", "o8mTc207tLo-00053-00015437-00015635": "one of the many that I have.", "o8mTc207tLo-00054-00015744-00015966": "I am planning to use them,", "o8mTc207tLo-00055-00016002-00016223": "to log them", "o8mTc207tLo-00056-00016359-00016615": "I have certain economic needs now.", "o8mTc207tLo-00057-00016736-00016962": "It pains me a lot to cut this tree", "o8mTc207tLo-00058-00016993-00017124": "this one, and other ones", "o8mTc207tLo-00059-00017152-00017518": "because it is forty years that I am  living here now,", "o8mTc207tLo-00060-00017564-00017808": "The path to my home  passes beside them", "o8mTc207tLo-00061-00017842-00018099": "and in all this time, we always see each other", "o8mTc207tLo-00062-00018120-00018285": "We always greet each other. Coming, going,", "o8mTc207tLo-00063-00018309-00018805": "Now, even with all this affection I have, I will have to do this to them.", "o8mTc207tLo-00064-00019176-00019587": "If you had a desire for this forest, what would it be?", "o8mTc207tLo-00065-00019587-00019786": "That it could be conserved exactly as it is."}}, {"audio_id": "o8srb8lTrEM", "text": {"o8srb8lTrEM-00000-00000032-00000528": "i need to go to school today. i'm gonna come back at 12 30, but tomorrow i'm going to come back", "o8srb8lTrEM-00001-00000528-00001064": "at 2 30 because there will be two extra hours of school, although nothing else will change,", "o8srb8lTrEM-00002-00001064-00001616": "it will go back to normal, and then i'll have extra time for new messages.", "o8srb8lTrEM-00003-00001616-00001928": "i'll have to make 60 minute sessions so that i can work the same amount,", "o8srb8lTrEM-00004-00002000-00002576": "and sorry for the exposure guys. it's just how it works these days."}}, {"audio_id": "o8BbH27xRgI", "text": {"o8BbH27xRgI-00000-00000252-00000508": "- Hi, everybody. (audience chattering)", "o8BbH27xRgI-00001-00000508-00000710": "Aren't we excited for the event?", "o8BbH27xRgI-00002-00000710-00001111": "(audience cheering and applauding)", "o8BbH27xRgI-00003-00001111-00001371": "My name is Debanuj, Debanuj Dasgupta.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00004-00001371-00001725": "I am Board co-chair, with Shereen,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00005-00001725-00001889": "who couldn't be here today.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00006-00001889-00001997": "But before we start,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00007-00001997-00002341": "I just want to make a quick house announcement.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00008-00002341-00002653": "If you're in the back, you can start moving forward", "o8BbH27xRgI-00009-00002653-00002893": "if you want to because we do have,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00010-00002893-00003151": "we're letting the people on the waiting list in.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00011-00003151-00003275": "Some of you are here already.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00012-00003275-00003574": "So without disturbing Professor Ahmed,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00013-00003574-00003902": "we can have people percolate in the back.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00014-00003902-00004177": "So if you are kind enough and want to come up front", "o8BbH27xRgI-00015-00004177-00004558": "and enjoy the talk, we'd love you to do that.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00016-00004558-00004641": "Thank you.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00017-00005222-00005589": "(audience speaking faintly)", "o8BbH27xRgI-00018-00006084-00006227": "- Hello, everyone.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00019-00006227-00006352": "Good evening. - Good evening.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00020-00006445-00006648": "- I wanted to take this opportunity just", "o8BbH27xRgI-00021-00006648-00006838": "to welcome everyone and welcome you", "o8BbH27xRgI-00022-00006838-00007165": "to the 2017 Kessler Lecture. - Woo-hoo!", "o8BbH27xRgI-00023-00007165-00007443": "- My name is Justin Brown, and I'm the executive director", "o8BbH27xRgI-00024-00007443-00007838": "of the Center for LGBTQ Studies, better known as CLAGS.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00025-00007927-00008427": "I also just want to take this opportunity to also mention I,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00026-00008428-00008680": "we apologize for the,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00027-00008680-00009016": "not having ASL Services available here this evening.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00028-00009016-00009422": "However, closed captioning will be provided", "o8BbH27xRgI-00029-00009422-00009911": "on the live stream, and that will be promptly posted", "o8BbH27xRgI-00030-00009911-00010081": "at the completion of this evening.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00031-00010201-00010631": "So with that, when CLAGS began over 25 years ago,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00032-00010631-00010907": "it was the first university-based research center", "o8BbH27xRgI-00033-00010907-00011349": "that was truly dedicated to the work of the LGBT community,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00034-00011349-00011763": "broadly, but very dedicated to the focused work", "o8BbH27xRgI-00035-00011763-00012209": "that will help move us and our community forward.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00036-00012209-00012611": "CLAGS has always been focused on providing opportunities", "o8BbH27xRgI-00037-00012611-00012922": "for information and education through our free", "o8BbH27xRgI-00038-00012922-00013422": "and public-based programming, such as events like this.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00039-00013466-00013935": "And with that, in order for us to continue this work", "o8BbH27xRgI-00040-00013935-00014419": "and to continue pushing forward for social change,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00041-00014419-00014847": "we ask that you also take this chance this evening,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00042-00014847-00015109": "if you haven't, please sign up,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00043-00015196-00015651": "become a member of CLAGS, and/or provide any small donation", "o8BbH27xRgI-00044-00015651-00016080": "that you can for us as a part of our work here.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00045-00016080-00016369": "And this is very important as we continue", "o8BbH27xRgI-00046-00016369-00016865": "in the time of various budget cuts and also critical", "o8BbH27xRgI-00047-00017036-00017502": "examination and questioning of how important our work is", "o8BbH27xRgI-00048-00017502-00017712": "and how vital it is today.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00049-00017833-00018094": "With that, as part of our work,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00050-00018094-00018400": "we recognize the scholarship of those", "o8BbH27xRgI-00051-00018400-00018731": "that continue to advocate for social change.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00052-00018731-00018972": "Tonight's award, Kessler,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00053-00018972-00019341": "is given to a scholar whose substantiative body of work", "o8BbH27xRgI-00054-00019434-00019873": "and presence has made such an endless", "o8BbH27xRgI-00055-00019873-00020144": "and everlasting impact", "o8BbH27xRgI-00056-00020144-00020454": "on the field of LGBTQ studies.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00057-00020454-00020743": "Tonight, our recipient, Dr. Sara Ahmed,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00058-00020743-00021086": "is the 25th recipient of this award,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00059-00021217-00021505": "and we recognize her for her tireless efforts", "o8BbH27xRgI-00060-00021505-00021922": "and her continuous efforts to push the field forward", "o8BbH27xRgI-00061-00021922-00022197": "as we continue to strive", "o8BbH27xRgI-00062-00022197-00022618": "and lead to social change and equity for all.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00063-00022618-00022936": "With that, before introducing Dr. Ahmed,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00064-00022936-00023268": "we do have some testimonials from many of those", "o8BbH27xRgI-00065-00023268-00023567": "that have been close to her in her life,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00066-00023567-00023752": "so we're going to spend some", "o8BbH27xRgI-00067-00023752-00024110": "brief moments in receiving those.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00068-00024110-00024551": "And our first testimonial will be by Chandra Frank.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00069-00024551-00024868": "(audience applauding)", "o8BbH27xRgI-00070-00025942-00026110": "- Thank you so much", "o8BbH27xRgI-00071-00026110-00026364": "to everybody from City University of New York,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00072-00026364-00026775": "for inviting me to be part of this very special celebration", "o8BbH27xRgI-00073-00026775-00026920": "to honor Sara Ahmed's scholarship.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00074-00026920-00027222": "I can just about see you. (laughing)", "o8BbH27xRgI-00075-00027222-00027438": "It's such a pleasure to be here.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00076-00027438-00027782": "Dear Sara, let me first start by saying thank you.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00077-00027782-00027943": "And this is a collective thank you,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00078-00027943-00028186": "a feminist thank you, a queer thank you,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00079-00028186-00028527": "and all these thank yous need to be celebrated.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00080-00028527-00028777": "I speak tonight as one of your former students,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00081-00028777-00029229": "as a PhD candidate at Goldsmiths, a lecturer, and curator.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00082-00029229-00029377": "In all those capacities,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00083-00029377-00029631": "your work has inspired words onto paper,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00084-00029631-00029957": "communal learning, and art strategies.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00085-00029957-00030152": "I'm so pleased, in particular,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00086-00030152-00030373": "when work that happens in the academy", "o8BbH27xRgI-00087-00030373-00030776": "finds home in unexpected places and new places.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00088-00030776-00031164": "I think your work is willful for that very reason.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00089-00031164-00031336": "In \"Living a Feminist Life,\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-00090-00031336-00031564": "you speak of feminist communities being shaped", "o8BbH27xRgI-00091-00031564-00031741": "by passing books around.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00092-00031741-00032023": "You've named and shared so many of your lifelines with us,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00093-00032023-00032252": "and your writing has become a lifeline to me", "o8BbH27xRgI-00094-00032252-00032433": "and so many others.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00095-00032433-00032612": "I love how multiple of my students", "o8BbH27xRgI-00096-00032612-00032897": "read their \"Living a Feminist Life\" books on the underground", "o8BbH27xRgI-00097-00032897-00033112": "and started feminist killjoy groups.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00098-00033112-00033286": "They proudly report to me that they're now", "o8BbH27xRgI-00099-00033286-00033533": "in the feminist business of killing joy.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00100-00033533-00033780": "No dinner party is left untouched.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00101-00033780-00034068": "Feminist killjoys leave traces behind.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00102-00034068-00034181": "(audience speaking faintly)", "o8BbH27xRgI-00103-00034181-00034541": "You speak of feminism as a building project, world-making.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00104-00034684-00034897": "We have seen you make worlds,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00105-00034897-00035177": "a feminist roadmap full of queer side paths", "o8BbH27xRgI-00106-00035177-00035458": "and invitations delivered by dancing arms.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00107-00035458-00035736": "I love that I've developed a healthy feminist suspicion", "o8BbH27xRgI-00108-00035736-00036035": "of arms speaking to me in text or in artworks.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00109-00036140-00036506": "Feminist kinship looks like arms reaching in, closing in.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00110-00036506-00036842": "A speculative feminism is what your words offer.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00111-00036842-00037034": "I'm sure I speak on behalf of everyone", "o8BbH27xRgI-00112-00037034-00037263": "from our Goldsmiths feminist student community", "o8BbH27xRgI-00113-00037263-00037478": "when I say thank you for how you've been questioning", "o8BbH27xRgI-00114-00037478-00037724": "and breaking down the structures of the institution,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00115-00037724-00038157": "for saying yes, sexual harassment happens here, right here,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00116-00038157-00038346": "for knowing and listening.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00117-00038346-00038701": "Institutional silences have become boringly familiar.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00118-00038701-00038798": "At Goldsmiths,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00119-00038798-00039082": "Sara modeled a different kind of feminist listening,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00120-00039082-00039342": "a patient listening, an angry listening,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00121-00039342-00039569": "a listening that makes clear that we need to learn", "o8BbH27xRgI-00122-00039569-00039960": "to un-listen the mechanisms of the institution they speak.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00123-00039960-00040125": "Often, they tell us to turn away,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00124-00040125-00040430": "to move on or simply beyond.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00125-00040430-00040611": "Where is Sara Ahmed?", "o8BbH27xRgI-00126-00040611-00040782": "A question haunting the desks, toilets,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00127-00040782-00040915": "and walls of Goldsmiths.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00128-00040915-00041064": "Where is Sara Ahmed?", "o8BbH27xRgI-00129-00041156-00041491": "Your name across the bathroom stalls is a feminist calling.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00130-00041491-00041781": "I hope everyone reads these words as an invitation.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00131-00041781-00042065": "You speak of feminist killjoy armies, and I can't lie,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00132-00042065-00042408": "I have visions of them coming out of bathroom stalls now.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00133-00042408-00042737": "The figure of the feminist killjoy is so generative.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00134-00042737-00043009": "She allows to breed dreams into words.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00135-00043009-00043356": "Start following her around, and she will follow you.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00136-00043356-00043492": "At the Archives Matter Conference", "o8BbH27xRgI-00137-00043492-00043745": "at Goldsmiths we organized, you spoke about", "o8BbH27xRgI-00138-00043745-00044061": "how sometimes we need to disappear to survive.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00139-00044061-00044227": "I've been thinking about those words", "o8BbH27xRgI-00140-00044227-00044450": "and how black and brown students balance whole lives", "o8BbH27xRgI-00141-00044450-00044641": "between disappearance and survival.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00142-00044641-00044767": "Where do we go?", "o8BbH27xRgI-00143-00044767-00044954": "Who will pick up our arms?", "o8BbH27xRgI-00144-00044954-00045273": "We need a future archive filled with questions on survival.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00145-00045273-00045589": "We need materials that are willing to be unruly.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00146-00045589-00045867": "This is why we need thinkers, writers, and professors", "o8BbH27xRgI-00147-00045867-00046082": "who are willing to be honest that the institution", "o8BbH27xRgI-00148-00046082-00046301": "has nothing to offer black and brown students", "o8BbH27xRgI-00149-00046301-00046482": "if we don't break down the various structures", "o8BbH27xRgI-00150-00046482-00046766": "that pacify us, people who, in your words,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00151-00046766-00047054": "\"will take care of our fragile archives.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-00152-00047054-00047209": "Throughout my time at Goldsmiths,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00153-00047209-00047502": "I have heard Sara speak about institutional housework,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00154-00047502-00047701": "which continuously makes me reflect", "o8BbH27xRgI-00155-00047701-00048049": "on what it means to be in the institution, to be complicit,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00156-00048049-00048409": "and especially as a brown woman in an antiblack institution.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00157-00048409-00048633": "Making feminist life worlds means", "o8BbH27xRgI-00158-00048633-00048919": "having many uncomfortable and honest conversations.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00159-00048919-00049184": "Feminists toolkits are built and rebuild,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00160-00049184-00049373": "and thank you for that.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00161-00049373-00049583": "This is a thank for showing us the courage", "o8BbH27xRgI-00162-00049583-00049869": "to break down walls, one chip at a time.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00163-00049869-00050071": "It takes strength and vulnerability.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00164-00050071-00050297": "I know that feminism is survival work", "o8BbH27xRgI-00165-00050297-00050520": "because of the work that you do to survive.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00166-00050520-00050846": "This is a collective witnessing of that work.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00167-00050846-00051122": "This gathering and this award is beyond your work.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00168-00051122-00051334": "It's a way for all of us to say thank you", "o8BbH27xRgI-00169-00051334-00051635": "and to acknowledge what it means that you came before us,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00170-00051635-00051864": "for how, throughout your work, you've managed to describe", "o8BbH27xRgI-00171-00051864-00052196": "what irked us, what caused friction, what caused pain,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00172-00052196-00052510": "for dancing with words and following them around.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00173-00052510-00052667": "I take this award as an invitation", "o8BbH27xRgI-00174-00052667-00052941": "to cite, write, and think with care.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00175-00052941-00053250": "It's a communal celebration of the arrival work we all do", "o8BbH27xRgI-00176-00053250-00053433": "to disappear, to survive,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00177-00053433-00053625": "but most of all it's an acknowledgement", "o8BbH27xRgI-00178-00053625-00053757": "that we were already here.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00179-00053757-00053899": "Thank you so much.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00180-00053899-00054215": "(audience applauding)", "o8BbH27xRgI-00181-00055573-00055729": "- Our next testimonial", "o8BbH27xRgI-00182-00055729-00056014": "will be provided by Dr. Sarah Franklin.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00183-00056145-00056462": "(audience applauding)", "o8BbH27xRgI-00184-00057176-00057377": "- So hello, everybody.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00185-00057598-00058011": "It's a great honor and a privilege to", "o8BbH27xRgI-00186-00058011-00058484": "celebrate Sara's contribution to LGBTQ scholarship", "o8BbH27xRgI-00187-00058622-00058985": "and to share this award ceremony with you tonight.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00188-00058985-00059377": "Hey, Sara (chuckles).", "o8BbH27xRgI-00189-00059377-00059514": "I might get a bit emotional,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00190-00059514-00059734": "which would probably be fitting.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00191-00059734-00059896": "(audience chuckling)", "o8BbH27xRgI-00192-00059896-00060082": "Sara's work has reached out", "o8BbH27xRgI-00193-00060082-00060420": "and touched people in so many ways.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00194-00060513-00060773": "Her writing is a lifeline,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00195-00060773-00061129": "although never a rescue effort.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00196-00061129-00061504": "Over many years, she has crafted a method of description", "o8BbH27xRgI-00197-00061504-00061718": "that is also an intervention.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00198-00061803-00062120": "Her method is one of integration.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00199-00062120-00062620": "She begins with an event, a feeling, an aside, a perception.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00200-00062691-00063191": "She connects it to a past, a pattern, an accumulation.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00201-00063212-00063603": "And then she shows how even a fleeting sense", "o8BbH27xRgI-00202-00063603-00063832": "of a change of atmosphere", "o8BbH27xRgI-00203-00063832-00064153": "or mood in a room can be described", "o8BbH27xRgI-00204-00064153-00064565": "as institutional, structural, and formative.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00205-00064679-00065179": "Sara has not only invented but honed, refined, and tempered", "o8BbH27xRgI-00206-00065212-00065503": "a vital method of diagnosis", "o8BbH27xRgI-00207-00065503-00065825": "that combines everyday personal experiences", "o8BbH27xRgI-00208-00065825-00066262": "of racism, sexism, homophobia, and exclusion", "o8BbH27xRgI-00209-00066262-00066654": "with theory, analysis, and political critique.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00210-00066654-00066892": "Her work is poetic, catalyzing,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00211-00067048-00067440": "fully accurate, and oddly comforting.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00212-00067440-00067852": "She's incredibly good at explaining what isn't obvious", "o8BbH27xRgI-00213-00067852-00068206": "about the very things that seem so self-evident.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00214-00068302-00068617": "Her work is revolutionary and transformative,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00215-00068617-00068992": "sophisticated but accessible, her own,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00216-00068992-00069290": "but always generously and thoughtfully linked", "o8BbH27xRgI-00217-00069290-00069572": "to the work of other scholars and activists", "o8BbH27xRgI-00218-00069572-00070072": "so that its methodology is itself a form of solidarity.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00219-00070290-00070641": "So how has she created this incredible toolkit", "o8BbH27xRgI-00220-00070641-00071049": "for all of us to use to understand and to change our world?", "o8BbH27xRgI-00221-00071324-00071680": "Well, I can tell you, it's incredibly hard work,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00222-00071680-00071965": "and Sara is a meticulous professional.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00223-00071965-00072277": "Of course, the writing itself is hard,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00224-00072277-00072704": "as any art or truth is hard,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00225-00072704-00072954": "but the really hard part is the hearing,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00226-00073202-00073296": "the listening,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00227-00073401-00073672": "the persistence of staying with the feelings", "o8BbH27xRgI-00228-00073937-00074393": "that have to be kept close and fully felt", "o8BbH27xRgI-00229-00074393-00074609": "and repeatedly encountered", "o8BbH27xRgI-00230-00074732-00075122": "in order to be explicated, recognized,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00231-00075122-00075468": "situated, and then reassembled.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00232-00075675-00075920": "Sara's writing extends our encounters", "o8BbH27xRgI-00233-00075920-00076271": "with alienation, negation, and hard histories", "o8BbH27xRgI-00234-00076271-00076540": "in order to reorientate them,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00235-00076540-00076766": "sorry, to reorient them, (chuckles) I'm here.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00236-00076875-00077059": "(audience chuckling)", "o8BbH27xRgI-00237-00077059-00077300": "But these are bruising encounters.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00238-00077393-00077893": "Writing, for Sara, is also an antidote to these sore points.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00239-00077923-00078223": "Even before she became post-institutional,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00240-00078223-00078638": "Sara has always been very disciplined about her writing", "o8BbH27xRgI-00241-00078638-00079095": "and rigorous in her planning for each new project.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00242-00079095-00079468": "She has a long-term plan for every project", "o8BbH27xRgI-00243-00079468-00079829": "but also a precise set of deadlines.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00244-00079829-00080329": "She even has a list of what she's going to do every day,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00245-00080338-00080799": "and it's rare that she does not complete on time", "o8BbH27xRgI-00246-00080799-00080928": "or even early.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00247-00081087-00081387": "(audience laughing)", "o8BbH27xRgI-00248-00081711-00081981": "Over time, I have come to appreciate", "o8BbH27xRgI-00249-00081981-00082295": "that maintaining this daily structure is essential", "o8BbH27xRgI-00250-00082295-00082585": "to being able to write so intimately and personally", "o8BbH27xRgI-00251-00082585-00082965": "and powerfully and consistently about issues", "o8BbH27xRgI-00252-00082965-00083221": "that are incredibly painful and difficult", "o8BbH27xRgI-00253-00083221-00083590": "often even to acknowledge at all.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00254-00083590-00083850": "Because this work is very hard", "o8BbH27xRgI-00255-00083850-00084264": "and is also incredibly risky and costly and wearing.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00256-00084264-00084553": "It wears you down, it tires you out, it's exhausting,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00257-00084553-00085033": "and this is really why we are all here tonight.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00258-00085033-00085334": "It's so important to look after each other,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00259-00085334-00085627": "especially in these very difficult times.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00260-00085627-00085932": "It's crucial that we celebrate each other", "o8BbH27xRgI-00261-00085932-00086128": "and our solidarity,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00262-00086128-00086453": "much as we are all working in very different ways", "o8BbH27xRgI-00263-00086453-00086713": "to find our voice and bring about change.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00264-00086713-00086827": "So I want to thank you all", "o8BbH27xRgI-00265-00086827-00087065": "for making this celebration possible.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00266-00087065-00087379": "And above all, I want to thank Sara for her dedication,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00267-00087379-00087584": "her persistence, her tenacity,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00268-00087584-00087835": "and her wise and willful words.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00269-00087981-00088450": "I can't possibly finish without also thanking Poppy,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00270-00088450-00088582": "(audience chuckling)", "o8BbH27xRgI-00271-00088582-00088823": "who would so love to be here right now", "o8BbH27xRgI-00272-00088941-00089166": "and who loves Sara beyond words.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00273-00089300-00089401": "But to finish properly,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00274-00089401-00089749": "I always want to send Sara a message from all of us.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00275-00089749-00089848": "Dear Sara,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00276-00089998-00090236": "we are here to celebrate you tonight", "o8BbH27xRgI-00277-00090382-00090636": "because you have to experience the shuttering", "o8BbH27xRgI-00278-00090636-00090813": "to narrate the reassembly,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00279-00090925-00091146": "because sometimes the handle breaks,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00280-00091429-00091661": "because we need our connections", "o8BbH27xRgI-00281-00091661-00091920": "to sustain ourselves and to persist.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00282-00092021-00092200": "So we want you to know, Sara,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00283-00092351-00092586": "that when you fly off the handle,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00284-00092586-00092737": "that we have got your back,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00285-00092856-00093111": "that your leaks are our leaks,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00286-00093257-00093547": "that we have inherited your willfulness,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00287-00093547-00093857": "your fight, and your tears.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00288-00093857-00093940": "Thank you", "o8BbH27xRgI-00289-00094107-00094214": "for your shelter.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00290-00094353-00094531": "We have joined your army.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00291-00094664-00094896": "We share your wear and tear.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00292-00095037-00095394": "Long live feminist snap and queer hap,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00293-00095486-00095932": "long live the wild wiggle and roll,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00294-00095932-00096049": "Ahmed.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00295-00096049-00096213": "(audience laughing)", "o8BbH27xRgI-00296-00096213-00096530": "(audience applauding)", "o8BbH27xRgI-00297-00099291-00099533": "(audience laughing)", "o8BbH27xRgI-00298-00099533-00099983": "- So our final testimonial is from Dr. Judith Butler,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00299-00099983-00100242": "and so, without further ado.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00300-00100775-00101072": "- My only regret on this joyful occasion is", "o8BbH27xRgI-00301-00101072-00101447": "that I cannot be there more than virtually.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00302-00101447-00101703": "I'm thankful for this happiness", "o8BbH27xRgI-00303-00101703-00101965": "that the virtual makes possible,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00304-00101965-00102281": "but the virtual is also my unhappiness.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00305-00102281-00102365": "(audience laughing)", "o8BbH27xRgI-00306-00102365-00102679": "I am happy in some very specific ways.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00307-00102772-00103272": "I'm really delighted and happy to be honoring Sara Ahmed,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00308-00103327-00103573": "and this perhaps tells us something", "o8BbH27xRgI-00309-00103573-00104073": "about that emotional state that she herself has taught us.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00310-00104082-00104404": "I am truly happy to honor her.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00311-00104404-00104641": "I am honored that I'm able to experience", "o8BbH27xRgI-00312-00104641-00104882": "this happiness on this occasion", "o8BbH27xRgI-00313-00104882-00105290": "in which we assemble to affirm the extraordinary gift", "o8BbH27xRgI-00314-00105290-00105740": "of what Sara Ahmed writes and speaks.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00315-00105740-00106233": "So when we say, for instance, that we delight in Sara Ahmed,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00316-00106233-00106733": "we generally mean that she is the occasion of a new sense", "o8BbH27xRgI-00317-00106741-00107035": "of what it means to be alert, thinking,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00318-00107035-00107310": "what it means to think in language,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00319-00107310-00107570": "a language by which we are addressed", "o8BbH27xRgI-00320-00107570-00108019": "and which we use to address others and the world,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00321-00108019-00108441": "even when they refuse to listen or,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00322-00108441-00108700": "and refuse to read.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00323-00108700-00108916": "We are, with Ahmed,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00324-00108916-00109331": "suddenly creatures with alert senses.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00325-00109331-00109707": "We take in our world, and we realize that it was,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00326-00109707-00110201": "before reading her, too hard to take in this world.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00327-00110201-00110638": "Perhaps it impinged upon us, or perhaps it overwhelmed us.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00328-00110638-00110945": "But, with her, as we accompany her,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00329-00110945-00111247": "as she invites us to read her words,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00330-00111247-00111603": "we are suddenly and irreversibly capable", "o8BbH27xRgI-00331-00111603-00111918": "of seeing and speaking what we must call", "o8BbH27xRgI-00332-00111918-00112153": "the truth of our world.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00333-00112252-00112555": "Maybe we are skeptical of claims such as these.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00334-00112555-00113055": "But even though Ahmed's writing is knowing and ironic,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00335-00113066-00113271": "she is not skeptical.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00336-00113271-00113685": "She is dedicated to describing the world as it is.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00337-00113685-00114022": "Of course, this task should not be so hard,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00338-00114022-00114522": "but one effect of the force of racism is to distort reality", "o8BbH27xRgI-00339-00114565-00114866": "and so to distort and damage the senses", "o8BbH27xRgI-00340-00114866-00115311": "of those who seek to understand its enduring damage,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00341-00115311-00115689": "even its unspeakable damage.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00342-00115689-00115979": "With Ahmed, even when we are presented", "o8BbH27xRgI-00343-00115979-00116401": "with unspeakable outrage, we still speak,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00344-00116401-00116793": "or we seek in the ways that are possible for us", "o8BbH27xRgI-00345-00116793-00117080": "to continue to make sense of the world,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00346-00117080-00117349": "not to close down the senses,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00347-00117349-00117547": "to sense the sense,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00348-00117547-00117914": "and to speak it in whatever way is possible.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00349-00118017-00118431": "In so many of her works, Ahmed speaks back.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00350-00118431-00118765": "That alone would not be remarkable if it were not the case", "o8BbH27xRgI-00351-00118765-00119194": "that so many people have no way of speaking back.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00352-00119194-00119603": "They take the damage in, living out its curse,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00353-00119603-00119933": "but Sara Ahmed assembles us as she writes,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00354-00119933-00120272": "writing not just for herself but for women,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00355-00120272-00120539": "women of color, for the oppressed,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00356-00120539-00121037": "for those for whom silence has become a deadly sentence.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00357-00121128-00121397": "She tells us what has happened.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00358-00121397-00121599": "She recounts a story.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00359-00121599-00122019": "She takes it apart, syllable by syllable.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00360-00122019-00122438": "She exposes the racism, the sexism, the hatred,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00361-00122438-00122742": "the grammatical structure of oppression,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00362-00122742-00123178": "showing how it works not only in the way she is addressed", "o8BbH27xRgI-00363-00123178-00123477": "or effaced through non-address,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00364-00123477-00123969": "but how it is possible not to accept it, not to take it,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00365-00123969-00124368": "to turn it, to turn the poisonous utterance over,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00366-00124493-00124940": "inspect its parts, to take it apart, to send it back,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00367-00124940-00125350": "not in the service of hatred, of more hatred, surely not,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00368-00125350-00125544": "but rather in the service", "o8BbH27xRgI-00369-00125544-00125863": "of what we must still call equality.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00370-00125947-00126268": "So there is truth, and there is equality.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00371-00126268-00126681": "And these are the names for what drives this work,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00372-00126681-00126896": "for the promise of this work,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00373-00126896-00127083": "and they are component parts", "o8BbH27xRgI-00374-00127083-00127583": "of what we can now call \"The Promise of Happiness.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-00375-00127611-00127867": "Indeed, in her book \"The Promise of Happiness,\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-00376-00127867-00128200": "she shows that what we call the good life", "o8BbH27xRgI-00377-00128200-00128700": "presupposes certain social conditions for its realization.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00378-00128708-00128916": "Can we know what happiness is", "o8BbH27xRgI-00379-00128916-00129185": "by the way it is used in language?", "o8BbH27xRgI-00380-00129185-00129384": "The semantic field of happiness", "o8BbH27xRgI-00381-00129384-00129884": "includes forms of making happy and being made happy.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00382-00129933-00130208": "It is irreducibly complex.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00383-00130208-00130600": "And so Ahmed does not take the Aristotelian path,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00384-00130600-00130797": "seeking to know what happiness is", "o8BbH27xRgI-00385-00130797-00131142": "in order then to pursue happiness as a goal.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00386-00131142-00131417": "Rather, she asks us to join her", "o8BbH27xRgI-00387-00131417-00131858": "in suspending the belief that happiness is a good thing.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00388-00131858-00132295": "She suggests that we change the kind of question we ask", "o8BbH27xRgI-00389-00132295-00132795": "and patiently reflect upon how objects make us feel.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00390-00132860-00133202": "This remark already made me happy.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00391-00133202-00133608": "As a reader, I am both disconcerted and relieved.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00392-00133608-00134003": "She takes the philosophical question apart,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00393-00134003-00134294": "turns it around, inspects the parts,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00394-00134294-00134588": "as she separates them from one another,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00395-00134588-00135026": "and then forms a new object for our consideration.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00396-00135130-00135355": "For instance, if we claim that certain objects", "o8BbH27xRgI-00397-00135355-00135716": "make us happy or promise happiness for us,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00398-00135716-00136095": "we assume that objects act upon us in some way.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00399-00136095-00136277": "Are objects then the cause", "o8BbH27xRgI-00400-00136277-00136544": "of our happiness or our unhappiness?", "o8BbH27xRgI-00401-00136544-00136847": "Do they cause our feelings?", "o8BbH27xRgI-00402-00136847-00137124": "Perhaps, as Ahmed suggests,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00403-00137124-00137438": "certain objects are conceived as social goods", "o8BbH27xRgI-00404-00137438-00137620": "and then are attributed", "o8BbH27xRgI-00405-00137620-00137972": "with the causal power to make us happy.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00406-00137972-00138300": "Her conclusion is that any moral consideration", "o8BbH27xRgI-00407-00138300-00138657": "of how happiness might constitute the ultimate aim", "o8BbH27xRgI-00408-00138657-00139039": "or value of life must understand first", "o8BbH27xRgI-00409-00139039-00139400": "how the social formation and circulation", "o8BbH27xRgI-00410-00139400-00139817": "of affectively invested objects constitutes", "o8BbH27xRgI-00411-00139817-00140250": "the field in which we pursue happiness.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00412-00140250-00140628": "When the good life becomes an object we seek to have", "o8BbH27xRgI-00413-00140628-00140955": "or an objective we seek to realize,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00414-00140955-00141455": "we have to step back and ask whose life is considered good,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00415-00141477-00141781": "and who decides those terms?", "o8BbH27xRgI-00416-00141781-00142261": "So even in this analysis, we can see that subjects, objects,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00417-00142261-00142606": "and the circulation of affect belong together", "o8BbH27xRgI-00418-00142606-00142893": "in any analysis of culture,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00419-00142893-00143151": "that her version of cultural studies,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00420-00143151-00143369": "the field in which she is trained,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00421-00143369-00143724": "requires a form of philosophical reflection.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00422-00143825-00144115": "The question of happiness thus opened up", "o8BbH27xRgI-00423-00144115-00144609": "a new framework for culture, philosophy, and affect theory.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00424-00144609-00144909": "That is one reason we're here today to honor her.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00425-00145032-00145265": "Of course, there is a political struggle", "o8BbH27xRgI-00426-00145265-00145598": "that this analysis of language opens up.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00427-00145598-00145997": "She opens up language in the service of that struggle.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00428-00145997-00146319": "She offers us key cultural figures", "o8BbH27xRgI-00429-00146319-00146750": "in order to ask us to suspend our usual ways of knowing,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00430-00146750-00147250": "to make an object of reflection of those usual ways.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00431-00147301-00147697": "Some of those figures are treated by mainstream culture", "o8BbH27xRgI-00432-00147697-00148173": "as if they are an obstruction to the happiness of others,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00433-00148173-00148618": "the feministic killjoys, the unhappy queers,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00434-00148618-00148971": "the melancholic migrants, to name a few.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00435-00149062-00149542": "The cultural presumption that living in LGBTQI", "o8BbH27xRgI-00436-00149542-00149946": "ways of life will make for unhappiness,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00437-00149946-00150281": "will constitute unhappy life,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00438-00150281-00150678": "will be unhappy for the one who names any of those modes", "o8BbH27xRgI-00439-00150678-00151146": "of life as one's own desire or necessity.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00440-00151146-00151610": "The semantic problem of happiness becomes clearly implicated", "o8BbH27xRgI-00441-00151610-00151909": "in oppressive, normative orders", "o8BbH27xRgI-00442-00151909-00152244": "when the unhappy queer becomes happily queer", "o8BbH27xRgI-00443-00152244-00152691": "in the face of the prediction that non-normative sexuality", "o8BbH27xRgI-00444-00152691-00153064": "or gender will bring about unhappiness.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00445-00153064-00153383": "That prediction is, in fact, an indictment,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00446-00153383-00153689": "an emblem of the very oppressive system", "o8BbH27xRgI-00447-00153689-00153985": "it claims only to anticipate.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00448-00153985-00154260": "That prediction, you will be unhappy,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00449-00154260-00154469": "does the work of oppression.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00450-00154469-00154671": "It is oppressive.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00451-00154786-00155112": "She does not prepare a rejoinder of the sort", "o8BbH27xRgI-00452-00155112-00155369": "that would say, but we are happy,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00453-00155369-00155609": "even though sometimes, like tonight,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00454-00155609-00155807": "we really are happy. (audience laughing)", "o8BbH27xRgI-00455-00155807-00156096": "She writes, \"We may need to defend our arguments", "o8BbH27xRgI-00456-00156096-00156365": "\"by not making happiness our ground,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00457-00156365-00156865": "\"while exposing the shakiness of happiness as a ground.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-00458-00156937-00157278": "What seems most important is that those who are oppressed", "o8BbH27xRgI-00459-00157278-00157515": "are labeled as unhappy by those", "o8BbH27xRgI-00460-00157515-00157817": "who either impose that oppression", "o8BbH27xRgI-00461-00157927-00158195": "through non-acknowledgement", "o8BbH27xRgI-00462-00158195-00158695": "and allow for its reproduction and intensification.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00463-00158720-00159107": "When any of us actively and loudly oppose", "o8BbH27xRgI-00464-00159107-00159529": "forms of racism, misogyny, class oppression,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00465-00159529-00159842": "the oppression of physically challenged peoples,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00466-00159842-00160314": "colonial domination, as in Palestine or in Puerto Rico,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00467-00160314-00160702": "indeed, when we start, for instance, as we do and we must", "o8BbH27xRgI-00468-00160702-00161113": "to name Puerto Rico as the abandoned and devastated place,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00469-00161113-00161419": "where an active struggle against colonial domination", "o8BbH27xRgI-00470-00161419-00161638": "now demands to be heard,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00471-00161724-00162049": "the evisceration of indigenous rights and claims,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00472-00162049-00162360": "anti-Arab racism and Islamophobia,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00473-00162360-00162736": "we are then quickly branded as malcontents", "o8BbH27xRgI-00474-00162736-00163074": "who get in the way of a happiness", "o8BbH27xRgI-00475-00163074-00163387": "that is understood to be the zone of privilege,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00476-00163387-00163702": "the slick operation of white supremacy", "o8BbH27xRgI-00477-00163702-00164202": "and pervasive misogyny and rank homophobia and transphobia.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00478-00164312-00164600": "Either we are said to be unhappy,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00479-00164600-00164973": "or we are getting in the way of the happiness", "o8BbH27xRgI-00480-00164973-00165250": "of those who seek to enjoy their privilege", "o8BbH27xRgI-00481-00165250-00165607": "and reproduce the oppression by which they benefit.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00482-00165607-00166073": "So yes, according to those terms, we stay unhappy,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00483-00166073-00166261": "but that is because we seek to live", "o8BbH27xRgI-00484-00166261-00166647": "in a world of dignity, equality, freedom,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00485-00166647-00166846": "a world that dismantles", "o8BbH27xRgI-00486-00166947-00167406": "racist structures meticulously and thoroughly.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00487-00167533-00167780": "What those who accuse us of", "o8BbH27xRgI-00488-00167949-00168173": "when they tell us we are unhappy", "o8BbH27xRgI-00489-00168173-00168447": "or tell us we are killing joy,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00490-00168579-00169079": "what they accuse us of is a radical, careful, and thorough,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00491-00169083-00169533": "even fatal dismantling of the structures of oppression.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00492-00169533-00169942": "But that fatal and meticulous dismantling", "o8BbH27xRgI-00493-00169942-00170218": "does not make for unhappiness,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00494-00170218-00170576": "it makes for a new sense of the world.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00495-00170576-00170799": "In fact, it relieves the senses", "o8BbH27xRgI-00496-00170799-00171129": "from their dulled and damaged conditions,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00497-00171129-00171472": "allows us at once to achieve freedom and equality", "o8BbH27xRgI-00498-00171472-00171928": "and to be able to live as sensate creatures in a world,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00499-00171928-00172267": "to live with feeling as if for the first time", "o8BbH27xRgI-00500-00172267-00172711": "or perhaps truly to feel the world for the first time.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00501-00172822-00173020": "With Sara Ahmed's permission,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00502-00173120-00173447": "I would like to call this happiness.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00503-00173447-00173813": "The slumber from which she wakes us with her impassioned,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00504-00173813-00174234": "careful, philosophical, and political argument is one", "o8BbH27xRgI-00505-00174510-00174815": "that can be understood", "o8BbH27xRgI-00506-00174815-00175139": "as our failure to recognize", "o8BbH27xRgI-00507-00175236-00175371": "the oppression", "o8BbH27xRgI-00508-00175492-00175943": "under which we live a failure that depended crucially", "o8BbH27xRgI-00509-00175943-00176390": "on her meticulous and relentless skills.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00510-00176509-00176776": "I am only unhappy in", "o8BbH27xRgI-00511-00176776-00177024": "that in these few minutes that I have", "o8BbH27xRgI-00512-00177024-00177450": "to thank and honor Sara Ahmed,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00513-00177563-00177976": "I am only able to express my limitless happiness", "o8BbH27xRgI-00514-00177976-00178316": "as I read her and listen to her", "o8BbH27xRgI-00515-00178316-00178553": "within a very limited time.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00516-00178553-00178856": "I've not yet been able to underscore", "o8BbH27xRgI-00517-00178996-00179323": "her incredibly rich understanding of media,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00518-00179323-00179650": "cultural analysis, social theory, social movement,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00519-00179650-00179877": "sociology, phenomenology,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00520-00179877-00180225": "and the philosophy of moral sentiments.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00521-00180225-00180658": "I read her, and I suddenly feel the depths of my lungs.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00522-00180658-00180845": "How is that possible? (audience laughing)", "o8BbH27xRgI-00523-00180845-00181262": "This work is not simply a breath of fresh air", "o8BbH27xRgI-00524-00181262-00181762": "but gives us somatically the very possibility of breathing,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00525-00181795-00181989": "of breathing in this world", "o8BbH27xRgI-00526-00181989-00182429": "in which strangulation is both a metaphor and a reality,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00527-00182429-00182727": "the metaphor that takes shape as reality", "o8BbH27xRgI-00528-00182727-00182992": "in various forms of police violence,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00529-00182992-00183398": "in the racist and homophobic and transphobic structures", "o8BbH27xRgI-00530-00183398-00183658": "that decide who will be able to breathe", "o8BbH27xRgI-00531-00183658-00183900": "in this world and who will not.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00532-00184026-00184349": "Let me conclude my remarks by reminding you of", "o8BbH27xRgI-00533-00184446-00184792": "a \"Killjoy Manifesto\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-00534-00184792-00185014": "(audience laughing)", "o8BbH27xRgI-00535-00185014-00185341": "that's included in her recently published book,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00536-00185341-00185533": "\"Living a Feminist Life.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-00537-00185647-00185770": "There, she makes several", "o8BbH27xRgI-00538-00185770-00186131": "carefully interrelated declarations.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00539-00186131-00186274": "Here are some of them.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00540-00186274-00186580": "\"I am not willing to make happiness my cause.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00541-00186580-00186858": "\"I am willing to cause unhappiness.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00542-00186858-00187061": "\"I am willing to support others", "o8BbH27xRgI-00543-00187061-00187312": "\"who are willing to cause unhappiness.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00544-00187312-00187717": "\"I am not willing to laugh at jokes that cause offense.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00545-00187717-00188217": "\"I am not willing to get over histories that are not over.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00546-00188226-00188429": "\"I am not willing to be included", "o8BbH27xRgI-00547-00188429-00188764": "\"if inclusion means being included in a system", "o8BbH27xRgI-00548-00188764-00189117": "\"that is unjust, violent, and unequal.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00549-00189213-00189355": "\"I am willing to live a life", "o8BbH27xRgI-00550-00189355-00189599": "\"that is deemed by others as unhappy,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00551-00189599-00189899": "\"and I am willing to reject and widen the scripts available", "o8BbH27xRgI-00552-00189899-00190189": "\"for what counts as a good life.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00553-00190189-00190410": "\"But then also I am willing", "o8BbH27xRgI-00554-00190410-00190806": "\"to put the hap back in happiness, and", "o8BbH27xRgI-00555-00190997-00191475": "\"I am willing to snap any bonds, however precious,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00556-00191475-00191908": "\"when those bonds are damaging to myself or to others.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00557-00191908-00192185": "\"And then I am willing", "o8BbH27xRgI-00558-00192185-00192571": "\"to participate in a killjoy movement.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-00559-00192669-00193017": "So this first-person I is one we are all invited", "o8BbH27xRgI-00560-00193017-00193254": "to try out, to try on.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00561-00193254-00193600": "I am willing to be the one who makes others unhappy", "o8BbH27xRgI-00562-00193600-00193990": "by refusing to go along with injustice,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00563-00193990-00194437": "but I am also the one who finds the hap in happiness", "o8BbH27xRgI-00564-00194437-00194781": "by which is meant that sometimes what happens to you", "o8BbH27xRgI-00565-00194781-00195053": "can be the occasion for something new,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00566-00195053-00195553": "some outbreak of equality or freedom or solidarity.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00567-00195584-00195925": "She remarks that we sometimes get in the way", "o8BbH27xRgI-00568-00195925-00196382": "of ourselves and sometimes stumble.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00569-00196382-00196602": "Something has happened that does not seem", "o8BbH27xRgI-00570-00196602-00196984": "to be precisely the result of my willfulness.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00571-00196984-00197360": "And yet, as she writes, and here I quote,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00572-00197360-00197516": "\"I stumble.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00573-00197516-00197855": "\"Maybe by stumbling, I found you.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00574-00197855-00198265": "\"Maybe by stumbling, I stumbled on happiness,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00575-00198265-00198535": "\"a hap-full happiness,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00576-00198535-00198799": "\"a happiness that is as fragile", "o8BbH27xRgI-00577-00198799-00199238": "\"as the bodies we love and cherish,\" end quote.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00578-00199373-00199698": "What happiness for us is then,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00579-00199931-00200151": "what happiness this is then", "o8BbH27xRgI-00580-00200151-00200570": "that Sara Ahmed's work got in our way,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00581-00200570-00200853": "that we stumbled upon it, each of us,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00582-00200853-00201161": "in a different time and place,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00583-00201161-00201619": "and that this has led us further down a queer path", "o8BbH27xRgI-00584-00201619-00201964": "toward a more just and bearable world.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00585-00201964-00202346": "How happy I am that I stumbled upon", "o8BbH27xRgI-00586-00202346-00202699": "your words, Sara, fierce and careful,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00587-00202699-00202943": "and how happy I am to thank you", "o8BbH27xRgI-00588-00202943-00203290": "and to honor you with countless others.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00589-00203290-00203425": "Thank you.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00590-00203425-00203742": "(audience applauding)", "o8BbH27xRgI-00591-00203997-00204314": "(audience chattering)", "o8BbH27xRgI-00592-00205951-00206366": "- And so now, if we could all take this opportunity", "o8BbH27xRgI-00593-00206366-00206733": "to welcome Dr. Sara Ahmed.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00594-00206733-00207050": "(audience applauding)", "o8BbH27xRgI-00595-00207814-00208197": "(audience cheering) - Woo-hoo!", "o8BbH27xRgI-00596-00208681-00208948": "(Sara chuckles)", "o8BbH27xRgI-00597-00210534-00210671": "- Thank you so much.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00598-00210671-00211019": "I'm just so overwhelmed to be here.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00599-00211019-00211519": "A queer life, a feminist life is a collaborative project.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00600-00211533-00211985": "And tonight, for me, it is all about the collaboration,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00601-00211985-00212323": "the mentors, the students, the partners, the friends.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00602-00212323-00212758": "It is about spaces like CLAGS that provide us with homes.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00603-00212916-00213317": "So I want to start my consideration of queer use", "o8BbH27xRgI-00604-00213317-00213628": "by attending to uses of queer.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00605-00213723-00214111": "Queer, a word with a history.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00606-00214111-00214540": "Queer, a word that has been flung like a stone,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00607-00214540-00214773": "picked up and hurled at us,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00608-00214773-00215141": "a word we can claim for us.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00609-00215141-00215342": "Queer, odd,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00610-00215342-00215626": "strange, unseemly,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00611-00215626-00215842": "disturbed, disturbing.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00612-00215842-00216128": "Queer, a feeling,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00613-00216128-00216532": "a sick feeling, feeling queer as feeling nauseous.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00614-00216656-00216838": "In older uses of queer,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00615-00216838-00217132": "queer to describe anything that was noticeable", "o8BbH27xRgI-00616-00217132-00217306": "because it was odd,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00617-00217306-00217709": "queer and fragility were often companions.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00618-00217801-00218227": "In one of George Eliot's essays, \"Three Months in Weimar,\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-00619-00218227-00218727": "the narrator describes the sound of an old piano thus,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00620-00218792-00219097": "\"its tones, now so queer and feeble,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00621-00219097-00219385": "\"like those of an invalided old woman", "o8BbH27xRgI-00622-00219385-00219683": "\"whose voice could once make a heart beat", "o8BbH27xRgI-00623-00219683-00219917": "\"with fond passion.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-00624-00219917-00220348": "Feeble, frail, invalid, incapacitate,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00625-00220348-00220600": "falter, weak, tearful,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00626-00220600-00220923": "worn, tear, wear,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00627-00220923-00221091": "queer, too,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00628-00221091-00221342": "queer is there, too.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00629-00221429-00221761": "These proximities tell a story.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00630-00221761-00222142": "A queer life might be how we get in touch with things", "o8BbH27xRgI-00631-00222142-00222642": "at the very point at which they or we are worn or worn down,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00632-00222661-00222981": "those moments when we break or break down,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00633-00222981-00223410": "when we shatter under the weight of history.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00634-00223410-00223553": "The sounds of an old piano", "o8BbH27xRgI-00635-00223553-00223765": "evoking the sound of an old woman,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00636-00223765-00224186": "could this evocation vibrate with affection?", "o8BbH27xRgI-00637-00224186-00224492": "Could a queer heart beat with passion", "o8BbH27xRgI-00638-00224492-00224781": "for what is wavering and quavering?", "o8BbH27xRgI-00639-00224940-00225110": "That some of us can live our lives", "o8BbH27xRgI-00640-00225110-00225610": "by assuming that word queer, by saying yes to that word,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00641-00225611-00226111": "shows how a past use is not exhaustive of a word or thing,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00642-00226192-00226453": "however exhausted a word or thing.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00643-00226539-00226867": "As Judith Butler notes in \"Excitable Speech,\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-00644-00226867-00227111": "so lovely to echo her words,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00645-00227205-00227531": "\"An aesthetic enactment of an injurious word", "o8BbH27xRgI-00646-00227531-00227742": "\"may both use the word and mention it,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00647-00227742-00228106": "\"that is, use the word to produce certain effects,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00648-00228106-00228606": "\"but also at the same time make reference to that very use,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00649-00228628-00228911": "\"calling attention to it as a citation,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00650-00228911-00229270": "\"situating that use within a citational legacy,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00651-00229270-00229635": "\"making that use into an explicive", "o8BbH27xRgI-00652-00229635-00229974": "\"discursive item to be reflected on", "o8BbH27xRgI-00653-00229974-00230246": "\"rather than a taken-for-granted operation", "o8BbH27xRgI-00654-00230246-00230454": "\"of ordinary language.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-00655-00230594-00230788": "We can disrupt the meaning of an insult", "o8BbH27xRgI-00656-00230788-00231171": "by making its usage audible as a history", "o8BbH27xRgI-00657-00231171-00231653": "that does not decide, once and for all, what a word can do.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00658-00231653-00232088": "To queer use might be to make use audible,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00659-00232088-00232477": "to listen to use, to bring to the front", "o8BbH27xRgI-00660-00232477-00232820": "what ordinarily recedes into the background.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00661-00232948-00233126": "Sometimes words are reused", "o8BbH27xRgI-00662-00233126-00233448": "as if they could be cut off from their history,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00663-00233448-00233681": "when an insult is thrown out, for instance,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00664-00233681-00234037": "and reaches its target, shattering,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00665-00234037-00234334": "but is defended as just banter,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00666-00234334-00234690": "as something you can or should make light of.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00667-00234782-00235067": "If we reuse the word queer,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00668-00235067-00235415": "we hold on to the weight, the baggage.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00669-00235544-00235848": "Eve Sedgwick suggests that what makes queer", "o8BbH27xRgI-00670-00235848-00236246": "a \"politically potent term\" is how it cleaves", "o8BbH27xRgI-00671-00236246-00236476": "to \"childhood scenes of shame.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-00672-00236573-00236965": "Queer acquires force and vitality precisely because", "o8BbH27xRgI-00673-00236965-00237465": "we refuse to use the word to make light of that history.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00674-00237519-00237834": "To recycle or reuse a word is to reorientate", "o8BbH27xRgI-00675-00237834-00238035": "one's relation to a scene", "o8BbH27xRgI-00676-00238035-00238469": "that holds its place as memory,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00677-00238469-00238841": "as container, however leaky.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00678-00238841-00238959": "Queer as reused,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00679-00239066-00239305": "reuse as queer use.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00680-00239394-00239652": "In today's lecture I'll be drawing on arguments from a book", "o8BbH27xRgI-00681-00239652-00240084": "I've recently completed, entitled \"What's the Use.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-00682-00240084-00240292": "In the book, I follow use around,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00683-00240292-00240616": "the way I followed happiness in \"The Promise of Happiness\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-00684-00240616-00240829": "and the will in \"Willful Subjects.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-00685-00240829-00241250": "Use is a small word, yes, but it has a big history.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00686-00241250-00241417": "It's very busy,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00687-00241417-00241787": "and use has had many uses.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00688-00241787-00242135": "So following use has allowed me to connect bodies of work", "o8BbH27xRgI-00689-00242135-00242425": "that are usually assumed to be distinct,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00690-00242425-00242767": "such as literatures in design and biology", "o8BbH27xRgI-00691-00242767-00243267": "that make use of use to explain the acquisition of form.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00692-00243323-00243611": "So following use has allowed me to explore", "o8BbH27xRgI-00693-00243611-00244096": "how worlds are shaped from, as it were, the bottom up.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00694-00244096-00244490": "So the first section is called \"Uses of Use.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-00695-00244757-00245242": "So in this section, I want to offer a meditation", "o8BbH27xRgI-00696-00245242-00245514": "on use as biography,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00697-00245514-00245898": "as a way of telling a story of things.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00698-00245898-00246159": "Use, when used as a verb, can mean", "o8BbH27xRgI-00699-00246159-00246557": "to employ for some purpose, to expend or consume,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00700-00246557-00246767": "to treat or behave toward,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00701-00246767-00247071": "to take unfair advantage of or exploit,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00702-00247071-00247318": "to habituate or accustom.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00703-00247405-00247739": "Use is a relation, as well as an activity,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00704-00247739-00247982": "that often points beyond something,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00705-00247982-00248185": "even when use is about something.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00706-00248185-00248659": "To use something points to what something is for.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00707-00248659-00248983": "Some objects are made in order to be used.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00708-00248983-00249353": "We might call these simply designed objects.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00709-00249353-00249719": "What they are for brings them into existence.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00710-00249719-00250061": "A cup is made in order that I have something to drink from.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00711-00250061-00250264": "It is shaped this way,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00712-00250264-00250616": "with a hole as its heart, empty,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00713-00250616-00250926": "so it can be filled by liquid.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00714-00250926-00251426": "We might summarize the implied relation as for is before.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00715-00251525-00251913": "However, even if something is shaped around what it is for,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00716-00251913-00252196": "that is not the end of the story.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00717-00252196-00252557": "As Howard Risatti notes in \"A Theory of Craft,\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-00718-00252557-00252898": "\"Use need not correspond to intended function.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00719-00252898-00253138": "\"Most, if not all, objects can have a use or,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00720-00253138-00253612": "\"more accurately, be made usable by being put to use.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00721-00253612-00253744": "\"A sledgehammer can pound,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00722-00253744-00254023": "\"or it can be used as a paperweight or lever.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00723-00254023-00254218": "\"A handsaw can cut a board and be used", "o8BbH27xRgI-00724-00254218-00254483": "\"as a straight-edge or to make music.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00725-00254483-00254888": "\"A chair can be sat in and used to prop open a door.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00726-00254888-00255157": "\"These uses make them useful objects,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00727-00255157-00255295": "\"but since they are unrelated", "o8BbH27xRgI-00728-00255295-00255532": "\"to the intended purpose and function", "o8BbH27xRgI-00729-00255532-00255728": "\"for which these objects were made,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00730-00255728-00256045": "\"knowing these uses doesn't necessarily reveal much", "o8BbH27xRgI-00731-00256045-00256311": "\"about these objects.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-00732-00256311-00256665": "So use can correspond to intended function,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00733-00256665-00256952": "but use does not necessarily correspond", "o8BbH27xRgI-00734-00256952-00257101": "to intended function.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00735-00257101-00257401": "This not, not necessarily,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00736-00257401-00257505": "is an opening.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00737-00257617-00257984": "I'm not so sure that uses are quite as unrevealing", "o8BbH27xRgI-00738-00257984-00258247": "about things as Risatti implies,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00739-00258247-00258547": "\"knowing these uses doesn't necessarily reveal much", "o8BbH27xRgI-00740-00258547-00258750": "\"about these objects.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-00741-00258750-00258940": "I'm being told something about the qualities", "o8BbH27xRgI-00742-00258940-00259310": "of a sledgehammer, that it can be used to be a paperweight.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00743-00259310-00259542": "That a sledgehammer can be used as a paperweight", "o8BbH27xRgI-00744-00259542-00259953": "tells me something about the heaviness of the sledgehammer.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00745-00259953-00260190": "Something cannot be used for anything,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00746-00260190-00260578": "which means that use is a restriction of possibility", "o8BbH27xRgI-00747-00260578-00260789": "that is material.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00748-00260789-00261046": "Nevertheless, there is something queer about use", "o8BbH27xRgI-00749-00261046-00261498": "because intentions do not exhaust possibilities.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00750-00261498-00261714": "The keys that are used to unlock a door", "o8BbH27xRgI-00751-00261714-00261901": "can be used as a toy,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00752-00261901-00262167": "perhaps because they are shiny and silver,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00753-00262167-00262417": "perhaps because they jangle.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00754-00262417-00262763": "Queer uses, when things are used for purposes", "o8BbH27xRgI-00755-00262763-00263061": "other than the ones for which they were intended,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00756-00263061-00263366": "still reference the qualities of things.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00757-00263366-00263748": "Queer uses might even linger on those qualities,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00758-00263748-00264053": "rendering them all the more lively.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00759-00264209-00264607": "Queer use might also be thought of as improper use", "o8BbH27xRgI-00760-00264607-00264899": "or queer use as perversion.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00761-00264899-00265261": "The word perversion can refer not only to a deviation", "o8BbH27xRgI-00762-00265261-00265442": "from what is right or true", "o8BbH27xRgI-00763-00265442-00265777": "but to the improper use of something.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00764-00265777-00265945": "Perhaps the child who turns the key", "o8BbH27xRgI-00765-00265945-00266125": "into a toy is not a pervert,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00766-00266125-00266328": "because a child is, after all,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00767-00266328-00266586": "expected to play with such things.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00768-00266586-00266829": "But a boy who plays with the wrong toy,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00769-00266829-00267069": "a toy Hoover, for instance,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00770-00267069-00267361": "should never exist, but they do exist (chuckles),", "o8BbH27xRgI-00771-00267361-00267613": "(audience chuckling) that is intended for a girl", "o8BbH27xRgI-00772-00267613-00267778": "might be understood as perverted", "o8BbH27xRgI-00773-00267778-00268112": "or at least as on the way to perversion.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00774-00268112-00268503": "Correcting the boy's use of the toy is about correcting", "o8BbH27xRgI-00775-00268503-00268755": "more than the behavior in relation to the toy,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00776-00268755-00269001": "it is about correcting how the boy is boy.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00777-00269092-00269362": "And note here that when we speak of proper use,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00778-00269362-00269595": "we might be thinking of parts of the body,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00779-00269595-00269769": "as well as objects.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00780-00269769-00270030": "So let me advance a specular thesis", "o8BbH27xRgI-00781-00270030-00270433": "that compulsory heterosexuality could operate as", "o8BbH27xRgI-00782-00270433-00270692": "a form of intended functionality.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00783-00270692-00270923": "We are allowed to play with our bits,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00784-00270923-00271255": "to roam around each other's bodies, as well as our own,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00785-00271255-00271485": "but we must use them for the purpose", "o8BbH27xRgI-00786-00271485-00271772": "for which it is assumed they are intended.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00787-00271772-00271993": "The pervert delays or postpones", "o8BbH27xRgI-00788-00271993-00272219": "getting to the point. (audience chuckles)", "o8BbH27xRgI-00789-00272219-00272403": "The figure of the pervert comes up", "o8BbH27xRgI-00790-00272403-00272675": "as the one whose misuse of things,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00791-00272675-00272889": "and things can include bodies,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00792-00272889-00273142": "is a form of self-revelation.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00793-00273315-00273544": "Note also the implication in Rissati's argument", "o8BbH27xRgI-00794-00273544-00273853": "that use makes something usable.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00795-00273853-00274023": "So this means that what", "o8BbH27xRgI-00796-00274023-00274267": "makes something possible comes after,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00797-00274267-00274599": "and I think we're more used to thinking of possibility", "o8BbH27xRgI-00798-00274599-00274851": "as preceding actuality.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00799-00274851-00275025": "So use might have what you would call", "o8BbH27xRgI-00800-00275025-00275418": "a kind of strange or queer temporality.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00801-00275418-00275663": "Use also makes something used.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00802-00275752-00275934": "When we think of something as being used,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00803-00275934-00276203": "we might think of buying something secondhand,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00804-00276203-00276607": "like this book, which was a book on hands", "o8BbH27xRgI-00805-00276607-00276812": "that was handy. (audience chuckles)", "o8BbH27xRgI-00806-00276812-00277048": "So a used book is always cheaper", "o8BbH27xRgI-00807-00277048-00277288": "or usually cheaper than a new book.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00808-00277288-00277476": "And the more signs of usage,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00809-00277476-00277716": "like with this one, there's a lot of underlining,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00810-00277716-00277980": "the more signs of usage, the less value,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00811-00278155-00278363": "unless the user is esteemed,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00812-00278363-00278623": "when the value of a person can rub off", "o8BbH27xRgI-00813-00278623-00278757": "on the value of a thing.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00814-00278855-00279021": "Marx discusses wear and tear", "o8BbH27xRgI-00815-00279021-00279310": "in relation to machines in \"Capital.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-00816-00279310-00279522": "He writes, \"The material wear and tear", "o8BbH27xRgI-00817-00279522-00279681": "\"of a machine is of two kinds.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00818-00279681-00280058": "\"The one arises from use, as coins wear away by circulating,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00819-00280058-00280248": "\"the other from non-use,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00820-00280248-00280611": "\"as a sword rusts when left in its scabbard.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-00821-00280611-00280870": "So Marx showed how machinery intensifies", "o8BbH27xRgI-00822-00280870-00280994": "rather than saves labor.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00823-00280994-00281398": "You have to get the most of the machine before it wears out,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00824-00281398-00281636": "a wearing out that is passed on to workers,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00825-00281636-00281993": "wearing as passing on and passing out,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00826-00281993-00282254": "used as used up.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00827-00282254-00282532": "Wear and tear in this economy is the loss", "o8BbH27xRgI-00828-00282532-00283031": "of value determined as the extraction of value.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00829-00283031-00283339": "To value use might require a change of values.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00830-00283339-00283742": "We might value worn things, broken things,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00831-00283742-00284242": "for the life they lived, for how they show what they know,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00832-00284287-00284787": "the scratch as pedagogy, the wrinkle as expression.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00833-00284797-00285033": "To value use would not be to romanticize", "o8BbH27xRgI-00834-00285033-00285258": "what is preserved as a historical record.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00835-00285258-00285543": "Signs of life can be signs of exhaustion,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00836-00285543-00285861": "which is to say, signs of life can be signs", "o8BbH27xRgI-00837-00285861-00286209": "of how a life has been extinguished.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00838-00286209-00286359": "Perhaps we can think of use", "o8BbH27xRgI-00839-00286359-00286747": "as a record of the fragility of a life.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00840-00286747-00286864": "In writing about use,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00841-00286864-00287214": "I have deliberately made use of used books.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00842-00287214-00287381": "With this book in my hands,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00843-00287381-00287731": "I could tell that others had been here before.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00844-00287731-00288042": "I think of the reader who circled the word grief,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00845-00288042-00288153": "the third line up.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00846-00288245-00288589": "I cannot trace you, but you left a trace.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00847-00288692-00289046": "Use leaves traces in places.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00848-00289046-00289364": "Something might be in use or out of use.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00849-00289364-00289695": "When something breaks, it might be taken out of use", "o8BbH27xRgI-00850-00289695-00290034": "rather like this cup, which has lost its handle,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00851-00290118-00290237": "a rather sad parting.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00852-00290390-00290552": "When we think of something in use,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00853-00290552-00290999": "we might think of a sign on a door, like this one, Occupied.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00854-00291108-00291392": "The sign tells us the toilet is in use.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00855-00291392-00291597": "It tells us that we cannot use the toilet", "o8BbH27xRgI-00856-00291597-00291872": "until whoever is using the toilet is finished.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00857-00291872-00292074": "So use often comes with instructions", "o8BbH27xRgI-00858-00292074-00292281": "not just about how to use objects", "o8BbH27xRgI-00859-00292281-00292584": "but instructions that are about maintaining social", "o8BbH27xRgI-00860-00292584-00292815": "and bodily boundaries.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00861-00292815-00293108": "Or take this image of a post box,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00862-00293108-00293362": "there is a sign that politely asks the would-be poster", "o8BbH27xRgI-00863-00293362-00293746": "not to use the post box by posting a letter into the box.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00864-00293746-00294040": "So in the previous image, the toilet was occupied", "o8BbH27xRgI-00865-00294040-00294259": "because it was in use.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00866-00294259-00294545": "In this case, the post box is out of use", "o8BbH27xRgI-00867-00294545-00294676": "because it is occupied.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00868-00294772-00295023": "Although, of course, from the point of view of the birds,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00869-00295023-00295333": "the post box is in use but not as a box.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00870-00295333-00295549": "It has become a nest.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00871-00295549-00295865": "It has become a nest for nesting birds.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00872-00295865-00296254": "So intended functionality can mean who something is for,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00873-00296254-00296433": "not just what something is for,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00874-00296433-00296742": "and this means that something can be used", "o8BbH27xRgI-00875-00296742-00297135": "by those for which it was not intended, queer use.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00876-00297248-00297540": "That a post box can become a nest still tells us something", "o8BbH27xRgI-00877-00297540-00297748": "about the nature of the object.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00878-00297748-00297938": "We learn about form.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00879-00297938-00298307": "When a change of function does not require a change of form,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00880-00298307-00298680": "the same shape that can facilitate posting a letter", "o8BbH27xRgI-00881-00298680-00298917": "can facilitate a nesting bird.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00882-00299056-00299373": "But that change still requires a sign, Please do not use,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00883-00299462-00299855": "a sign that is in use, to stop what would be usual,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00884-00299855-00300118": "which is posting a letter through the box.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00885-00300118-00300309": "That sign, we assume, is temporary,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00886-00300309-00300641": "and the box will come back into use as a post box", "o8BbH27xRgI-00887-00300641-00300847": "when it ceases to be a nest.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00888-00300847-00301112": "Back into use,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00889-00301112-00301400": "use can involve comings and goings.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00890-00301400-00301770": "Take this example of the well-trodden path.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00891-00301770-00302165": "The path exists, in part, because people have used it.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00892-00302165-00302452": "Use involves contact and friction.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00893-00302452-00302674": "The tread of feet smooths the surface.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00894-00302674-00303066": "The path is becoming smoother, easier to follow.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00895-00303066-00303387": "The more a path is used, the more a path is used.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00896-00303387-00303743": "How strange that this sentence makes sense.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00897-00303743-00303846": "(audience laughing)", "o8BbH27xRgI-00898-00303846-00304085": "Without use, a path can disappear,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00899-00304175-00304623": "becoming overgrown, bumpy, or unusable, like this path.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00900-00304623-00304882": "We know it's a path because of a sign,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00901-00304882-00305230": "but you can hardly see the sign for the leaves.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00902-00305230-00305547": "Use can be necessary then for preservation.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00903-00305547-00305805": "Use it, or lose it. (audience laughing)", "o8BbH27xRgI-00904-00305805-00306090": "This is not only a mantra in personal training,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00905-00306090-00306323": "which it apparently is,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00906-00306323-00306547": "it can become a philosophy of life.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00907-00306547-00306808": "Not using, not being.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00908-00306966-00307261": "A path can appear like a line on a landscape,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00909-00307261-00307548": "but a path can also be a route through life.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00910-00307548-00307779": "Collectivity can be acquired as direction.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00911-00307779-00308170": "The more a path is traveled upon, the clearer it becomes.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00912-00308170-00308516": "A path can also be kept clear, maintained.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00913-00308516-00308796": "It can be supported by how a route is cleared.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00914-00308796-00309027": "Heterosexuality, for instance,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00915-00309027-00309378": "can become a path, a route through life,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00916-00309378-00309582": "a path that is kept clear and maintained", "o8BbH27xRgI-00917-00309582-00309835": "not only by the the frequency of use,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00918-00309835-00310147": "and the frequency can be thought effectively", "o8BbH27xRgI-00919-00310147-00310548": "as an invitation, but by an elaborate support system.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00920-00310635-00310835": "When it is harder to proceed,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00921-00310835-00311231": "when a path is harder to follow, you might be discouraged.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00922-00311231-00311504": "You might try and find another route.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00923-00311504-00311670": "A consciousness of the need", "o8BbH27xRgI-00924-00311670-00312143": "to make more of an effort can be a disincentive.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00925-00312143-00312363": "Just think of how we can be dissuaded", "o8BbH27xRgI-00926-00312363-00312838": "by perpetual reminders of just how hard something will be.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00927-00312838-00313048": "Deviation is hard.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00928-00313048-00313286": "Deviation is made hard.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00929-00313432-00313724": "Thoughts and feelings, they, too, have paths.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00930-00313724-00314062": "Within empirical psychology, the path is in use", "o8BbH27xRgI-00931-00314062-00314344": "as a way of thinking about thought.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00932-00314344-00314680": "John Locke, for example, once suggested that thoughts,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00933-00314794-00314908": "\"once set agoing,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00934-00314908-00315185": "\"continue in the same shape they are used to,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00935-00315185-00315458": "\"which, by often treading, are worn into a smooth path,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00936-00315458-00315958": "\"and the motion in it becomes easy and as it were natural.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-00937-00315964-00316397": "Used to, that which is a wearing, how a shape is acquired.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00938-00316397-00316824": "A history of use as a history of becoming natural.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00939-00316824-00316984": "William James, in his psychology,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00940-00316984-00317237": "cites the work of Dumont on habit.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00941-00317237-00317507": "Everyone knows a garment having been worn a certain time", "o8BbH27xRgI-00942-00317507-00317864": "clings better to the shape of a body than when it was new.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00943-00317864-00318173": "A lock works better after being used some time.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00944-00318173-00318373": "At the outset, a certain force was required", "o8BbH27xRgI-00945-00318373-00318700": "to overcome certain roughness in the mechanism.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00946-00318700-00318880": "The overcoming of their resistance", "o8BbH27xRgI-00947-00318880-00319108": "is a phenomena of habituation.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00948-00319207-00319407": "A garment becomes more attuned", "o8BbH27xRgI-00949-00319407-00319627": "to the body the more the garment is worn.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00950-00319627-00319915": "It is becoming clinging.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00951-00319915-00320223": "I'll return to the well-used garment in due course.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00952-00320223-00320401": "The example of the lock and the key suggests", "o8BbH27xRgI-00953-00320401-00320766": "that it's through use that things become easier to use,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00954-00320766-00321169": "and this is how acts of use are the building block of habit.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00955-00321169-00321381": "If we took habit as the unit,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00956-00321381-00321665": "we might miss these smaller steps,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00957-00321665-00322030": "which accumulate to take us somewhere.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00958-00322030-00322326": "If use takes time, use saves time.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00959-00322326-00322619": "Less effort is required to complete an action.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00960-00322756-00322963": "The idea that use keeps something alive", "o8BbH27xRgI-00961-00322963-00323269": "or that using something makes something easier to use", "o8BbH27xRgI-00962-00323269-00323475": "is supplemented by another idea central", "o8BbH27xRgI-00963-00323475-00323693": "to the emergence of modern biology,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00964-00323693-00323928": "that use in making something stronger", "o8BbH27xRgI-00965-00323928-00324153": "and disuse in making something weaker", "o8BbH27xRgI-00966-00324153-00324428": "shapes the very form of life.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00967-00324428-00324688": "For example, Lamarck, the French naturalist", "o8BbH27xRgI-00968-00324688-00324953": "who first used the word biology in its modern sense,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00969-00324953-00325402": "offered as his primary law, the law of use and disuse.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00970-00325402-00325842": "He writes, \"A more frequent and continuous use of any organ", "o8BbH27xRgI-00971-00325842-00326168": "\"gradually strengthens, develops and enlarges that organ", "o8BbH27xRgI-00972-00326168-00326367": "\"and gives it a power proportional to the length", "o8BbH27xRgI-00973-00326367-00326554": "\"of time it has been so used,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00974-00326554-00326772": "\"while the permanent disuse of any organ", "o8BbH27xRgI-00975-00326772-00327064": "\"imperceptibly weakens and deteriorates it", "o8BbH27xRgI-00976-00327064-00327351": "\"and progressively diminishes a functional capacity", "o8BbH27xRgI-00977-00327351-00327592": "\"until it finally disappears.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-00978-00327592-00328067": "These acquired modifications for Lamarck can be inherited,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00979-00328067-00328530": "what was called, in his second principle, use inheritance.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00980-00328635-00328849": "So what is used or disused for Lamarck", "o8BbH27xRgI-00981-00328849-00329080": "is dependent on the environment.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00982-00329080-00329432": "Use is how an organism receives a message", "o8BbH27xRgI-00983-00329432-00329543": "from the environment,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00984-00329543-00329940": "a message about what it needs to survive.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00985-00329940-00330272": "Lamarck's famous example is the giraffe's long neck,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00986-00330272-00330594": "although he only uses this example once.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00987-00330594-00330935": "And his other famous example is the blacksmith's strong arm,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00988-00330935-00331107": "which he doesn't use at all.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00989-00331107-00331432": "And examples are themselves very interesting", "o8BbH27xRgI-00990-00331432-00331682": "as examples of biographies of use.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00991-00331917-00332112": "For Lamarck, the giraffe's neck grows longer", "o8BbH27xRgI-00992-00332112-00332377": "not through an act of conscious volition", "o8BbH27xRgI-00993-00332377-00332630": "but as an effect of repeated efforts", "o8BbH27xRgI-00994-00332630-00332866": "that become directional in time.", "o8BbH27xRgI-00995-00332866-00333201": "He describes, \"Efforts in a particular direction,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00996-00333201-00333392": "\"when they are sustained or habitually made", "o8BbH27xRgI-00997-00333392-00333603": "\"by certain parts of a living body,", "o8BbH27xRgI-00998-00333603-00333915": "\"for the satisfaction of needs established", "o8BbH27xRgI-00999-00333915-00334062": "\"by nature or environment,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01000-00334062-00334358": "\"cause an enlargement of the parts in the acquisition", "o8BbH27xRgI-01001-00334358-00334691": "\"of a size and shape that they would not have obtained", "o8BbH27xRgI-01002-00334691-00334905": "\"if these efforts had not become", "o8BbH27xRgI-01003-00334905-00335206": "\"the normal activities of the animal exerting them.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-01004-00335206-00335465": "This is a quote of a lot of queer potential.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01005-00335465-00335581": "(audience laughing) So (chuckles),", "o8BbH27xRgI-01006-00335581-00335935": "when an effort becomes normal, a form is acquired.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01007-00335935-00336180": "This would help us explain the acquisition", "o8BbH27xRgI-01008-00336180-00336594": "of heteronormativity as a social form indeed.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01009-00336594-00336920": "When such form is acquired, less effort is needed.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01010-00336920-00337137": "The giraffe does not have to reach so high", "o8BbH27xRgI-01011-00337137-00337245": "to reach the foliage.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01012-00337245-00337655": "So use inheritance translates here as the lessening", "o8BbH27xRgI-01013-00337655-00338005": "of the effort required to survive within an environment,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01014-00338005-00338251": "and that, that is in my language.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01015-00338251-00338505": "At certain points, Lamarck does imply", "o8BbH27xRgI-01016-00338505-00338864": "or seem to imply that a use for something", "o8BbH27xRgI-01017-00338864-00339142": "would bring that thing into existence.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01018-00339142-00339312": "And this is one of the reasons that Darwin", "o8BbH27xRgI-01019-00339312-00339570": "was rather disparaging about Lamarck's work,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01020-00339570-00339904": "because of the implication Darwin heard, rightly or wrongly,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01021-00339904-00340115": "that nature has a design.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01022-00340115-00340362": "We can find evidence of Darwin's disparagement", "o8BbH27xRgI-01023-00340362-00340499": "in another used book,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01024-00340499-00340848": "Darwin's personal copy of Lamarck's \"History Naturelle.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-01025-00340848-00341038": "Darwin wrote on the margins,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01026-00341038-00341281": "\"Because use improves an organ,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01027-00341281-00341657": "\"wishing for it or its use produces it,\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-01028-00341657-00341970": "exclamation mark, exclamation mark, exclamation mark.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01029-00341970-00342189": "And I'm writing about exclamation marks", "o8BbH27xRgI-01030-00342189-00342437": "as an example of overuse in the book (chuckles).", "o8BbH27xRgI-01031-00342705-00343077": "Oh! (audience laughing)", "o8BbH27xRgI-01032-00343077-00343325": "Despite how Darwin and Lamarck appear to deviate", "o8BbH27xRgI-01033-00343325-00343633": "at least from Darwin's point of view on the question of use,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01034-00343633-00344037": "Darwin himself often represents natural selection", "o8BbH27xRgI-01035-00344037-00344402": "and the law of use and disuse as working together.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01036-00344402-00344751": "And it's interesting to note that Darwin offers a reuse", "o8BbH27xRgI-01037-00344751-00344953": "of the architect metaphor", "o8BbH27xRgI-01038-00344953-00345252": "to describe the mechanism of natural selection", "o8BbH27xRgI-01039-00345252-00345625": "despite how that metaphor risks the implication of design.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01040-00345625-00345905": "And I'm just gonna give you this quote from Darwin", "o8BbH27xRgI-01041-00345905-00346146": "because it becomes very important to my analysis", "o8BbH27xRgI-01042-00346146-00346444": "of institutional use shortly.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01043-00346444-00346732": "\"Let an architect be compelled to build an edifice", "o8BbH27xRgI-01044-00346732-00347026": "\"with uncut stones, fallen from a precipice.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01045-00347026-00347336": "\"The shape of each fragment may be called accidental,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01046-00347336-00347529": "\"yet the shape of each has been determined", "o8BbH27xRgI-01047-00347529-00347804": "\"by the force of gravity, the nature of the rock,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01048-00347804-00348118": "\"and the slope of the precipice, events, and circumstances,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01049-00348118-00348354": "\"all of which depend on natural laws,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01050-00348354-00348637": "\"but there is no relation between these laws and the purpose", "o8BbH27xRgI-01051-00348637-00348888": "\"for which each fragment is used by the builder.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01052-00348888-00349103": "\"The shape of the fragments of the stone at the base", "o8BbH27xRgI-01053-00349103-00349339": "\"of our precipice may be called accidental,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01054-00349339-00349507": "\"but that's not strictly correct,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01055-00349507-00349819": "\"for the shape of each depends on a long sequence of events,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01056-00349819-00350039": "\"all obeying natural laws.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01057-00350039-00350539": "\"But in regard to the use to which the fragments may be put,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01058-00350571-00350991": "\"their shape may be strictly said to be accidental.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-01059-00351122-00351422": "So an architect or a builder who makes use of stones", "o8BbH27xRgI-01060-00351422-00351692": "without cutting them in order to fit a design", "o8BbH27xRgI-01061-00351692-00351911": "is being called upon by Darwin here,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01062-00351911-00352126": "to do a certain kind of work.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01063-00352126-00352580": "The stones are thrown up, or they are available to be used,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01064-00352580-00352916": "according to natural laws, a history of determination.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01065-00353012-00353302": "But they were not made in order to be used,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01066-00353302-00353503": "like the cup that has been shaped", "o8BbH27xRgI-01067-00353503-00353775": "so that it could be filled by water.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01068-00353775-00353954": "They become useful to the architect", "o8BbH27xRgI-01069-00353954-00354159": "once he has begun building.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01070-00354159-00354356": "So if the shape of a stones is determined", "o8BbH27xRgI-01071-00354356-00354532": "by a long sequence of events,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01072-00354532-00354854": "it is an accident that the shape of this stone", "o8BbH27xRgI-01073-00354854-00355200": "fits the shape of the hole in the wall.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01074-00355200-00355441": "So you are more likely to use the stone", "o8BbH27xRgI-01075-00355441-00355717": "that happens to fit that space.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01076-00355717-00355987": "So use here is hap,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01077-00355987-00356389": "happenstance, and even I would say happy.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01078-00356389-00356561": "So I'll be returning to Darwin's happy use", "o8BbH27xRgI-01079-00356561-00356856": "of the architect metaphor in due course.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01080-00356856-00356994": "So this second section is called", "o8BbH27xRgI-01081-00356994-00357220": "\"The Institutional As Usual.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-01082-00357220-00357461": "The institutional is what I'm usually talking about", "o8BbH27xRgI-01083-00357461-00357644": "in one way or another.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01084-00357962-00358281": "So in reflecting on the institutional as usual,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01085-00358281-00358649": "I can thicken the account of use I've offer thus far.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01086-00358649-00359002": "When we are habituated or attuned to the environment,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01087-00359002-00359264": "we know what usually happens.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01088-00359264-00359580": "We know about the institutional as usual", "o8BbH27xRgI-01089-00359580-00360045": "by those who are trying to transform institutions.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01090-00360045-00360335": "In my research into diversity and the university,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01091-00360335-00360612": "which I first presented in my book \"On Being Included,\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-01092-00360612-00361036": "I talked to diversity practitioners about their work.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01093-00361036-00361243": "And going back to the data I collected,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01094-00361243-00361667": "I realize that diversity work requires becoming conscious", "o8BbH27xRgI-01095-00361667-00362066": "of use and what we might call use patterns.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01096-00362066-00362450": "If queer in use brings use to the front,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01097-00362450-00362713": "as was implied in Judith Butler's quote,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01098-00362713-00363213": "then diversity work, as such, is an archive of queer use.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01099-00363235-00363362": "Diversity workers are trying", "o8BbH27xRgI-01100-00363362-00363615": "to transform institutional habits,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01101-00363615-00363880": "not to follow the well-used paths,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01102-00363880-00364096": "not to go the way things flow.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01103-00364222-00364449": "Many of the diversity workers I spoke to", "o8BbH27xRgI-01104-00364449-00364876": "for that project were appointed by the organizations", "o8BbH27xRgI-01105-00364876-00365086": "that they were trying to transform.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01106-00365201-00365384": "Even if diversity workers are appointed", "o8BbH27xRgI-01107-00365384-00365695": "by institutions to transform institutions,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01108-00365695-00366112": "it does not mean institutions are willing to be transformed.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01109-00366209-00366415": "One practitioner described her work thus,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01110-00366507-00366882": "\"It's a banging your head against a brick wall job.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-01111-00366882-00367367": "So here, a job description becomes a wall description.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01112-00367367-00367556": "(audience laughing)", "o8BbH27xRgI-01113-00367556-00367802": "So if you keep banging your head against the brick wall,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01114-00367802-00368221": "but the wall keeps its place, it is you that gets sore.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01115-00368221-00368435": "But what happens to the wall?", "o8BbH27xRgI-01116-00368435-00368604": "It can seem like all you've done", "o8BbH27xRgI-01117-00368604-00368852": "is scratched at the surface.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01118-00368852-00369121": "And this is what diversity work often feels like,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01119-00369121-00369529": "scratching the surface, scratching at the surface.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01120-00369529-00369692": "And then, even then,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01121-00369692-00369927": "even if you've only scratched the surface,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01122-00369927-00370197": "you can still be liable for damages.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01123-00370321-00370520": "So doing diversity work often means", "o8BbH27xRgI-01124-00370520-00370726": "you collect wall stories,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01125-00370726-00371019": "as I described it in \"Living a Feminist Life.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-01126-00371019-00371301": "The wall, in other words, becomes data,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01127-00371301-00371568": "snapshots that reveal the institution,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01128-00371568-00371810": "often by revealing what the institution", "o8BbH27xRgI-01129-00371810-00372089": "does not want revealed.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01130-00372089-00372302": "So let me share with you a wall story.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01131-00372302-00372726": "It's one story that I've been drawing upon", "o8BbH27xRgI-01132-00372726-00372872": "across a range of projects.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01133-00372872-00373054": "And it's a long story.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01134-00373054-00373292": "Wall stories are usually quite long.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01135-00373292-00373600": "(audience laughing)", "o8BbH27xRgI-01136-00373600-00373683": "Yeah, (laughs).", "o8BbH27xRgI-01137-00373767-00373920": "So when I was first here,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01138-00373920-00374123": "there was a policy that you had to have three people", "o8BbH27xRgI-01139-00374123-00374372": "on every panel who'd been diversity trained.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01140-00374372-00374563": "But then there was a decision early on when I was here,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01141-00374563-00374756": "that it should be everybody, all panel members,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01142-00374756-00374987": "at least internal people.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01143-00374987-00375082": "They took that decision", "o8BbH27xRgI-01144-00375082-00375286": "at the Equality and Diversity Committee,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01145-00375286-00375593": "which several members of SMT were present at.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01146-00375593-00375855": "But then the director of Human Resources found out about it", "o8BbH27xRgI-01147-00375855-00376097": "and decided we didn't have the resources to support it,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01148-00376097-00376336": "and it went to Council with that taken out.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01149-00376336-00376528": "And Council were told they were happy", "o8BbH27xRgI-01150-00376528-00376659": "to have just three members,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01151-00376659-00376837": "only a person on Council who was an external member", "o8BbH27xRgI-01152-00376837-00377063": "of the Diversity Committee went ballistic,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01153-00377063-00377378": "and I'm not kidding, went ballistic, and said the minutes", "o8BbH27xRgI-01154-00377378-00377513": "didn't reflect what had happened in the meeting", "o8BbH27xRgI-01155-00377513-00377719": "because the minutes said the decision was different", "o8BbH27xRgI-01156-00377719-00377852": "to what actually happened.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01157-00377852-00378029": "And I didn't take the minutes by the way.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01158-00378029-00378117": "(audience chuckling)", "o8BbH27xRgI-01159-00378117-00378442": "And so they had to take it through and reverse it.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01160-00378442-00378670": "And the Council decision was that all people", "o8BbH27xRgI-01161-00378670-00378821": "should be trained.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01162-00378821-00379065": "And despite that, I've then sat in meetings", "o8BbH27xRgI-01163-00379065-00379187": "where they've just continued saying", "o8BbH27xRgI-01164-00379187-00379492": "that it has to be just three people on the panel.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01165-00379492-00379718": "I said, \"But no, Council changed their view,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01166-00379718-00379869": "\"and I can give you the minutes.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-01167-00379869-00379954": "And they just look at me", "o8BbH27xRgI-01168-00379954-00380227": "as if I am saying something really stupid.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01169-00380227-00380472": "This went on for ages, even though the Council minutes", "o8BbH27xRgI-01170-00380472-00380782": "definitely said all panel members should be trained.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01171-00380782-00381095": "And to be honest, sometimes you just give up.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01172-00381209-00381420": "So it seems here as if there's been", "o8BbH27xRgI-01173-00381420-00381635": "an institutional decision,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01174-00381635-00381924": "but individuals within the institution must act", "o8BbH27xRgI-01175-00381924-00382299": "as if the decision has been made for it to have been made.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01176-00382299-00382627": "If they do not, it has not.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01177-00382627-00382960": "So a decision made in the present about the future", "o8BbH27xRgI-01178-00382960-00383326": "is overridden by the momentum of the past.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01179-00383326-00383655": "The past becomes a well-worn path.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01180-00383655-00384021": "What usually happens still happens.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01181-00384021-00384316": "So in this case, the head of personnel did not need", "o8BbH27xRgI-01182-00384316-00384572": "to take the decision out of the minutes", "o8BbH27xRgI-01183-00384572-00384990": "for the decision not to bring something into effect.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01184-00384990-00385279": "I call this dynamic non-performativity,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01185-00385279-00385453": "(audience laughing) when naming something", "o8BbH27xRgI-01186-00385453-00385719": "does not bring something into effect", "o8BbH27xRgI-01187-00385719-00386061": "or, even more strongly, when something is named", "o8BbH27xRgI-01188-00386061-00386428": "in order not to bring something into effect.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01189-00386529-00386810": "So the wall is that which keeps standing.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01190-00386903-00387215": "I now think of the wall as a finding.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01191-00387215-00387489": "Let me summarize that finding.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01192-00387489-00387799": "What stops movement moves.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01193-00387892-00387975": "In other words,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01194-00387975-00388270": "the methods for stopping something are mobile,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01195-00388270-00388669": "which means that when we witness the movement,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01196-00388669-00388848": "we can miss the mechanism.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01197-00388848-00389226": "And I think this is actually really important", "o8BbH27xRgI-01198-00389226-00389519": "because organizations tend to be quite good", "o8BbH27xRgI-01199-00389519-00389831": "at creating evidence of movement.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01200-00389831-00390055": "Creating evidence you are doing something", "o8BbH27xRgI-01201-00390055-00390273": "is not the same thing as doing something.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01202-00390273-00390456": "(audience laughing)", "o8BbH27xRgI-01203-00390456-00390641": "(audience applauding and cheering)", "o8BbH27xRgI-01204-00390641-00390724": "Yeah.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01205-00390984-00391135": "This is why I've called", "o8BbH27xRgI-01206-00391135-00391424": "diversity workers institutional plumbers.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01207-00391424-00391786": "You have to work out where the blockage is", "o8BbH27xRgI-01208-00391786-00391921": "and what's stopping something", "o8BbH27xRgI-01209-00391921-00392162": "from moving through the system.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01210-00392162-00392426": "So in our example, what stopped something from happening,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01211-00392426-00392749": "it could have been the removal from the minutes.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01212-00392749-00393123": "So the head of Human Resources could have hand in it,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01213-00393123-00393266": "but it wasn't.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01214-00393266-00393574": "It could've been the failure of anyone at Council", "o8BbH27xRgI-01215-00393574-00393915": "to notice this removal, but it wasn't.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01216-00393915-00394247": "It could've been the failure of the quality officer", "o8BbH27xRgI-01217-00394247-00394700": "to put the decision back into the minutes, but it wasn't.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01218-00394700-00395122": "It was, instead, how people acted within the organization", "o8BbH27xRgI-01219-00395122-00395458": "after the policy had been agreed,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01220-00395458-00395871": "which means that agreeing to something can be another way", "o8BbH27xRgI-01221-00395871-00396079": "of stopping something from happening.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01222-00396221-00396602": "So a diversity policy can come into existence", "o8BbH27xRgI-01223-00396602-00396786": "without coming into use.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01224-00396882-00397127": "I noted earlier how a sign is often used", "o8BbH27xRgI-01225-00397127-00397415": "to make a transition from something being in and out of use,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01226-00397415-00397728": "such as in this case of the post box.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01227-00397728-00398058": "Institutions are postal systems.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01228-00398058-00398261": "So maybe the diversity worker", "o8BbH27xRgI-01229-00398261-00398503": "deposits the policy into the post box", "o8BbH27xRgI-01230-00398503-00398709": "because she assumes the box is in use.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01231-00398709-00399020": "And she has good reasons, she's following the procedure.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01232-00399127-00399534": "The post box that is not in use might have another function,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01233-00399534-00399885": "to stop the policy from going through the system.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01234-00399885-00400101": "A policy becomes dusty", "o8BbH27xRgI-01235-00400101-00400558": "rather like Marx's rusty sword, from rusty to dusty.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01236-00400558-00401011": "A policy can become unusable by not being used.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01237-00401130-00401424": "Consider, too, all the energy this practitioner expended", "o8BbH27xRgI-01238-00401424-00401759": "on developing a policy that did not do anything.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01239-00401854-00402301": "This story of how the wall keeps standing is the same story", "o8BbH27xRgI-01240-00402301-00402577": "as the story of how a diversity worker becomes shattered,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01241-00402577-00402870": "as she says, \"Sometimes you just give up.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-01242-00402870-00403221": "Maybe you end up feeling used up or limp or spent", "o8BbH27xRgI-01243-00403221-00403485": "rather like this tube of toothpaste,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01244-00403485-00403818": "as if you've got nothing left to give.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01245-00403818-00404046": "Or maybe you fly off the handle,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01246-00404046-00404265": "to recall that broken cup, (audience laughing)", "o8BbH27xRgI-01247-00404265-00404620": "an expression that can mean to snap or to lose your temper.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01248-00404620-00404952": "To lose a handle on things can mean to lose yourself.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01249-00404952-00405222": "You become the one who can't handle it.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01250-00405310-00405448": "You don't even have to say anything", "o8BbH27xRgI-01251-00405448-00405663": "to be heard as breaking something.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01252-00405663-00405833": "Another practitioner describes to me,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01253-00405833-00406060": "\"You know, you go through that in these sort of jobs", "o8BbH27xRgI-01254-00406060-00406144": "\"where you go to say something,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01255-00406144-00406479": "\"you can just see people going 'Oh, here she goes.'\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-01256-00406573-00406809": "We both laughed, recognizing that each other", "o8BbH27xRgI-01257-00406809-00406945": "recognized that scene.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01258-00407040-00407482": "The feminist killjoy, that leaky container, comes up here.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01259-00407482-00407751": "She comes up in what we hear.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01260-00407751-00407920": "We hear each other in the wear", "o8BbH27xRgI-01261-00407920-00408135": "and the tear of the words we share.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01262-00408135-00408304": "We hear what it's like", "o8BbH27xRgI-01263-00408304-00408697": "to come up against the same thing over and over again.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01264-00408697-00408928": "We imagine the eyes rolling as if to say,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01265-00408928-00409085": "well, she would say that.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01266-00409185-00409310": "It was from experiences like this", "o8BbH27xRgI-01267-00409310-00409516": "that I developed my equation,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01268-00409516-00409781": "rolling eyes equals feminist pedagogy (chuckles).", "o8BbH27xRgI-01269-00409781-00410204": "(audience laughing and applauding)", "o8BbH27xRgI-01270-00410204-00410397": "I think it's important to note here that the policy", "o8BbH27xRgI-01271-00410397-00410760": "that was stopped by not coming into use was a policy", "o8BbH27xRgI-01272-00410760-00410990": "about how academic appointments are made.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01273-00411084-00411300": "Appointment panels are places to go,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01274-00411300-00411442": "if you want to learn more about", "o8BbH27xRgI-01275-00411442-00411654": "how institutions are reproduced,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01276-00411654-00411996": "how decisions are made about who is appointable,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01277-00411996-00412325": "to use a much-used term in the British context, appointable.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01278-00412426-00412664": "A person in a diversity training session I attended shared", "o8BbH27xRgI-01279-00412664-00413001": "that people in her department had an unofficial criteria", "o8BbH27xRgI-01280-00413001-00413421": "for appointability, which was whether somebody was", "o8BbH27xRgI-01281-00413421-00413671": "the kind of person you could take down to the pub.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01282-00413783-00413922": "They wanted someone who could inhabit", "o8BbH27xRgI-01283-00413922-00414252": "those spaces with them, being with as being like,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01284-00414252-00414508": "someone they could relate to, have a drink with,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01285-00414508-00414704": "being with as being like.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01286-00414839-00414984": "I remember one time a woman of color", "o8BbH27xRgI-01287-00414984-00415099": "was considered for a job.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01288-00415099-00415278": "She worked on race and sexuality,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01289-00415278-00415509": "and someone said in a departmental meeting with concern,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01290-00415509-00415683": "\"But we've already got Sara,\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-01291-00415683-00415935": "as if having one of us was more than enough.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01292-00415935-00416063": "(audience laughing)", "o8BbH27xRgI-01293-00416063-00416297": "There was a murmured consensus that she replicated me,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01294-00416297-00416593": "even though our work was actually quite different.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01295-00416593-00416789": "There was no concern about other areas,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01296-00416789-00417020": "political economy, for instance.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01297-00417020-00417193": "Concern, no concern,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01298-00417193-00417511": "how things stay the same by seeing others as the same.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01299-00417601-00417892": "I want to go back to my discussion of uses of use.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01300-00417977-00418209": "An institution is an environment,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01301-00418209-00418356": "and environments are dynamic.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01302-00418356-00418709": "It is because environments change that uses change.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01303-00418709-00419092": "An institution is also, however, a container technology.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01304-00419092-00419458": "You can reproduce something by stabilizing the requirements", "o8BbH27xRgI-01305-00419458-00419917": "for what you need to survive or thrive in an environment.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01306-00419917-00420154": "When a requirement is stabilized,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01307-00420154-00420337": "it does not need to be made explicit.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01308-00420337-00420658": "Use becomes, instead, a question of fit.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01309-00420658-00420960": "Remember Darwin's use of the architect metaphor.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01310-00420960-00421217": "The builder uses the stone that happens to fit,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01311-00421217-00421418": "use as a selection process.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01312-00421418-00421699": "You select one stone from other stones,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01313-00421699-00421945": "from many stones, one from many.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01314-00422139-00422443": "It can appear as if that moment of use is hap,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01315-00422443-00422655": "that this person is selected", "o8BbH27xRgI-01316-00422655-00422930": "because they just happened to fit the requirements", "o8BbH27xRgI-01317-00422930-00423139": "rather like a stone is selected", "o8BbH27xRgI-01318-00423139-00423385": "because it just happens to be the same", "o8BbH27xRgI-01319-00423385-00423729": "shape and size as the hole in the wall.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01320-00423729-00423891": "Selection, as we know,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01321-00423891-00424153": "can be a process in which you're invited to participate.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01322-00424153-00424299": "To get funding, say,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01323-00424299-00424554": "you have to meet the requirements to fill in a form.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01324-00424554-00424926": "A standard is what is created when you use the same form,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01325-00424926-00425357": "selection as the stabilization of form.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01326-00425357-00425510": "But a selection can be made", "o8BbH27xRgI-01327-00425510-00425767": "before that invitation is even sent out.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01328-00425767-00426063": "Selection is a history of how a body takes shape,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01329-00426063-00426402": "how a hole is created that is that same shape,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01330-00426402-00426627": "a history of the institution as a history", "o8BbH27xRgI-01331-00426627-00426791": "of what appears as coincidence,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01332-00426791-00427110": "how those shapes are the same shape.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01333-00427110-00427422": "And then hap is used ideologically,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01334-00427422-00427737": "as if they are here because they just happen to fit", "o8BbH27xRgI-01335-00427737-00428135": "rather than they fit because of how the structure was built.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01336-00428135-00428501": "A structure, the gradual removal of hap from use", "o8BbH27xRgI-01337-00428501-00428766": "in the determination of a requirement.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01338-00428766-00428964": "In Lamarck's model, use was inheritance,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01339-00428964-00429168": "in shaping form it lessens the effort required", "o8BbH27xRgI-01340-00429168-00429400": "to do something within an environment.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01341-00429400-00429710": "When you fit, and fitting here can be formal,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01342-00429710-00430126": "a question of form, you can inherit the lessening of effort.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01343-00430126-00430472": "So a path, say, in the sense of a career path", "o8BbH27xRgI-01344-00430472-00430643": "or even a life trajectory,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01345-00430643-00430985": "is not simply made more usable by being used.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01346-00430985-00431231": "Some have paths laid out more clearly in front of them", "o8BbH27xRgI-01347-00431231-00431521": "because they already fit a requirement.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01348-00431521-00431938": "It is not just constancy of use that eases a passage.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01349-00431938-00432178": "Use is eased for those who inherit the right form,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01350-00432178-00432358": "whereby rightness means the degree", "o8BbH27xRgI-01351-00432358-00432534": "of a fit with an expectation.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01352-00432534-00432966": "For, as before, acquires a new resonance here.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01353-00432966-00433410": "When a world is built for some, they come before others.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01354-00433503-00433735": "This final section is called \"Not Fitting.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-01355-00434239-00434532": "So people do come to inhabit organizations", "o8BbH27xRgI-01356-00434532-00434747": "that are not intended for them.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01357-00434747-00435038": "You can make the cut without fitting.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01358-00435038-00435364": "If you arrive into an organization that's not built for you,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01359-00435364-00435641": "you might experience that for as tight", "o8BbH27xRgI-01360-00435641-00435879": "or as tightening, as restriction.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01361-00435964-00436224": "If you are the one for whom an institution is intended,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01362-00436224-00436335": "a for is loose.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01363-00436335-00436817": "The institution appears as open because it was open to you.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01364-00436817-00437139": "If use is a restriction of possibility that is material,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01365-00437139-00437291": "as I suggested earlier,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01366-00437291-00437712": "some encounter that restriction more than others.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01367-00437712-00438045": "This is why I think of institutions as like old garments,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01368-00438045-00438410": "it has acquired the shape of those who tend to wear it,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01369-00438410-00438796": "such that it becomes easier to wear if you have that shape.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01370-00438796-00439038": "And this is also why I think of privilege", "o8BbH27xRgI-01371-00439038-00439272": "as an energy-saving device.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01372-00439272-00439546": "Less effort is required to pass through", "o8BbH27xRgI-01373-00439546-00439787": "when a world has been assembled around you.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01374-00439892-00440160": "If you arrive with dubious origins,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01375-00440160-00440439": "you're not expected to be there, so in getting there,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01376-00440439-00440654": "you've already disagreed with an expectation", "o8BbH27xRgI-01377-00440654-00440949": "of who you are and what you can do,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01378-00440949-00441221": "then the institution is the wrong shape.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01379-00441221-00441524": "Annette Kuhn describes how as a working-class girl", "o8BbH27xRgI-01380-00441524-00441955": "in a grammar school she feels \"conspicuously out of place.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-01381-00441955-00442132": "She describes this sense of being out of place", "o8BbH27xRgI-01382-00442132-00442427": "by giving us a biography of her school uniform,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01383-00442427-00442639": "a kind of biography of use,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01384-00442639-00442872": "how, by the time her ill-fitting uniform", "o8BbH27xRgI-01385-00442872-00443235": "did actually come to fit, it had become too shabby", "o8BbH27xRgI-01386-00443235-00443404": "and too scruffy to wear.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01387-00443491-00443631": "The word wear originally derives", "o8BbH27xRgI-01388-00443631-00443828": "from the Germanic word for clothing.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01389-00443828-00444114": "It then acquires a secondary sense of use up", "o8BbH27xRgI-01390-00444114-00444302": "or gradually damage from the effect", "o8BbH27xRgI-01391-00444302-00444442": "of continued use on clothes.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01392-00444547-00444679": "So it's not just that when something", "o8BbH27xRgI-01393-00444679-00444857": "is used more it fits better.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01394-00444857-00445016": "If you are the wrong shape,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01395-00445016-00445226": "you have to make more of an effort.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01396-00445226-00445383": "It takes longer.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01397-00445383-00445512": "Smooth then does not,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01398-00445512-00445888": "use then does not smooth a passage or enable a better fit", "o8BbH27xRgI-01399-00445888-00446108": "but leads to corrosion and damage.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01400-00446108-00446270": "And this difference,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01401-00446270-00446527": "between use that smooths and enable", "o8BbH27xRgI-01402-00446527-00446785": "and use that corrodes and damages,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01403-00446785-00447018": "is a distributed difference.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01404-00447164-00447376": "Not fitting can be about the body you have,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01405-00447376-00447607": "about your own requirements.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01406-00447607-00447816": "When you don't meet the requirements you become,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01407-00447816-00448131": "to borrow Rosemarie Garland-Thomson's important term,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01408-00448131-00448297": "a misfit.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01409-00448297-00448535": "She describes being a person with a disability", "o8BbH27xRgI-01410-00448535-00448718": "in an ablest institution", "o8BbH27xRgI-01411-00448718-00448956": "as like being a square peg in round hole.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01412-00449121-00449327": "Fitting becomes work for those who do not fit.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01413-00449327-00449526": "You have to push, push, push,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01414-00449526-00449781": "and sometimes no amount of pushing will get you in.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01415-00449901-00450304": "You can be a misfit given what has become a routine.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01416-00450304-00450633": "An organization that has long meetings without any breaks,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01417-00450633-00450768": "sounds familiar,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01418-00450768-00451181": "assumes a body that can be seated without breaks.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01419-00451181-00451443": "If someone arrives who cannot maintain this position,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01420-00451443-00451680": "they do not meet the requirements.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01421-00451680-00451959": "So, for example, if you lay down during a meeting,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01422-00451959-00452275": "you would throw the meeting into crisis.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01423-00452275-00452560": "A social justice project might require", "o8BbH27xRgI-01424-00452560-00452836": "throwing meetings into crisis.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01425-00452942-00453282": "If a space has to be modified to enable you to participate,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01426-00453282-00453564": "it is not just that it's harder for you to participate,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01427-00453564-00453756": "although it is that,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01428-00453756-00453943": "it is also that your participation", "o8BbH27xRgI-01429-00453943-00454272": "is deemed disruptive to others.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01430-00454272-00454509": "You might have to try to fit in.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01431-00454614-00455054": "You have to try to fit in because or when you do not fit in.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01432-00455054-00455278": "A woman of color describes this work,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01433-00455278-00455549": "\"I think with a person of color, there's always a question", "o8BbH27xRgI-01434-00455549-00455755": "\"of what's this woman going to turn out like?", "o8BbH27xRgI-01435-00455755-00455907": "\"They're nervous about appointing people", "o8BbH27xRgI-01436-00455907-00456085": "\"of color into senior positions.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01437-00456085-00456281": "\"Because if I went in my sari and wanted prayer time off", "o8BbH27xRgI-01438-00456281-00456512": "\"and started rocking the boat and being a bit different", "o8BbH27xRgI-01439-00456512-00456679": "\"and asserting my kind of culture,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01440-00456679-00456934": "\"I'm sure they'd take it differently.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-01441-00456934-00457241": "So some forms of difference are heard as \"rocking the boat,\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-01442-00457241-00457370": "as if you're only different", "o8BbH27xRgI-01443-00457370-00457655": "because you are insistent on being different.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01444-00457655-00457935": "Trying not to cause disruption might require discarding", "o8BbH27xRgI-01445-00457935-00458172": "parts of yourself, parts of your history,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01446-00458172-00458377": "such as garments, a sari, say,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01447-00458377-00458634": "or rituals, a prayer, words you cannot say,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01448-00458634-00458922": "words you cannot say.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01449-00458922-00459073": "Think of the word racism.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01450-00459184-00459425": "Audre Lorde described so well how racism is heard", "o8BbH27xRgI-01451-00459425-00459843": "as getting in the way of the smooth flow of communication.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01452-00459843-00460249": "Any use of the word racism is heard as overuse.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01453-00460249-00460401": "(audience laughing)", "o8BbH27xRgI-01454-00460401-00460677": "When words evoke histories that create friction,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01455-00460677-00460971": "they sound louder, abrasive.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01456-00460971-00461275": "Words can evoke histories, bodies, too.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01457-00461275-00461597": "Sometimes turning up is enough to bring a history up,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01458-00461597-00461984": "a history that gets in the way of an occupation of space.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01459-00461984-00462285": "I think of social categories as dwellings,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01460-00462285-00462526": "as that which gives residence.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01461-00462526-00462760": "We can recall the sign Occupied.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01462-00462760-00463077": "You can enter if the toilet is vacant.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01463-00463077-00463234": "Even spaces that seem available", "o8BbH27xRgI-01464-00463234-00463492": "for anyone to enter can be closed.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01465-00463492-00463606": "Before you get to one door,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01466-00463606-00463760": "you might have to get through another.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01467-00463760-00463993": "You can be stopped from using the women's toilet", "o8BbH27xRgI-01468-00463993-00464156": "because you are seen as not women.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01469-00464156-00464362": "You become not only a body out of place", "o8BbH27xRgI-01470-00464362-00464670": "but a body that threatens those who are in place.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01471-00464670-00464900": "You might have to become insistent to pee.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01472-00464900-00465143": "And given that peeing is necessary for being,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01473-00465143-00465472": "insistent to pee really means insistent to be.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01474-00465472-00465708": "Some have to insist on belonging", "o8BbH27xRgI-01475-00465708-00466003": "to the categories that give residence to others.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01476-00466113-00466508": "A wall can be what you encounter when you arrive somewhere.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01477-00466595-00466759": "You turn up at a hotel with your girlfriend,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01478-00466759-00466905": "and you say you've booked a room.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01479-00466905-00467193": "They catch you in a glance, and they hesitate.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01480-00467193-00467422": "A hesitation can speak volumes.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01481-00467422-00467638": "This reservation says your booking is for a double bed,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01482-00467638-00467877": "is that right, madam? (audience laughing)", "o8BbH27xRgI-01483-00467877-00467991": "Eyebrows are raised.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01484-00467991-00468133": "A glance slides over the two of you,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01485-00468133-00468357": "catching again enough detail.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01486-00468357-00468508": "Are you sure, madam?", "o8BbH27xRgI-01487-00468508-00468729": "Yes, that's right, a double bed.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01488-00468729-00468833": "You have to say it again.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01489-00468833-00469093": "You have to say it again, more firmly.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01490-00469093-00469235": "Earlier, I mentioned an equation,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01491-00469235-00469524": "rolling eyes equals feminist pedagogy.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01492-00469524-00469718": "I have another one,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01493-00469718-00470018": "raised eyebrows equals lesbian feminist pedagogy (laughs).", "o8BbH27xRgI-01494-00470018-00470177": "(audience laughing and applauding)", "o8BbH27xRgI-01495-00470177-00470397": "Really, are you sure?", "o8BbH27xRgI-01496-00470604-00470975": "This happens again and again, you almost come to expect it,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01497-00470975-00471199": "the necessity of being firm", "o8BbH27xRgI-01498-00471199-00471360": "just to receive what you've requested.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01499-00471360-00471589": "Disbelief follows you wherever you go still.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01500-00471589-00471834": "One time after a querying, are you sure, madam,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01501-00471834-00471955": "are you sure, madam,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01502-00471955-00472154": "you enter the room, and there's twin beds.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01503-00472154-00472360": "Do you go down, do you try again?", "o8BbH27xRgI-01504-00472360-00472527": "It can be trying.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01505-00472527-00472717": "Sometimes it's too trying, it's too much,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01506-00472717-00472921": "and you pull your two little beds together and find", "o8BbH27xRgI-01507-00472921-00473104": "other ways of huddling. (audience laughing)", "o8BbH27xRgI-01508-00473104-00473318": "Queer use, another way of huddling,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01509-00473318-00473491": "of keeping each other warm.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01510-00473668-00474005": "For some, to be is to be in question.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01511-00474005-00474293": "\"Is that your sister or your husband?\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-01512-00474293-00474576": "That was a question once asked to me by a neighbor.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01513-00474576-00474693": "(audience laughing)", "o8BbH27xRgI-01514-00474693-00474788": "Who are you?", "o8BbH27xRgI-01515-00474788-00474943": "What are you?", "o8BbH27xRgI-01516-00474943-00475160": "Where are you from?", "o8BbH27xRgI-01517-00475160-00475307": "As a brown woman living in the UK,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01518-00475307-00475454": "I'm used to being asked that question.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01519-00475454-00475547": "Where are you from?", "o8BbH27xRgI-01520-00475547-00475802": "Where are you really from?", "o8BbH27xRgI-01521-00475802-00476006": "It as a way of being told you're not from here.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01522-00476006-00476214": "Brown, not from here,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01523-00476214-00476476": "not here, not.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01524-00476476-00476622": "These questions can dislodge you.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01525-00476622-00476750": "You come to wait for them.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01526-00476750-00477164": "Waiting to be dislodged changes your relation to a lodge.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01527-00477164-00477432": "Being noticeable can be how you are registered", "o8BbH27xRgI-01528-00477432-00477613": "as being not from here.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01529-00477613-00477981": "Sometimes you are not noticeable on that same register,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01530-00477981-00478332": "not from here, not here, not.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01531-00478332-00478564": "You might walk into a seminar room with a white man.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01532-00478564-00478722": "You're both professors.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01533-00478722-00479064": "But you can feel the gaze land upon him, plop, plop.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01534-00479064-00479205": "You don't appear as professor", "o8BbH27xRgI-01535-00479205-00479512": "because you are not how the professor usually appears.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01536-00479512-00479720": "And he's addressed as the professor.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01537-00479720-00480000": "If you were to say, \"Hey, I'm a professor too,\" (chuckles)", "o8BbH27xRgI-01538-00480000-00480185": "(audience laughing) you would be heard", "o8BbH27xRgI-01539-00480185-00480453": "as drawing attention to yourself.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01540-00480453-00480572": "Diversity work,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01541-00480572-00480963": "how you end up appearing as drawing attention to yourself.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01542-00480963-00481193": "What you have to say or do", "o8BbH27xRgI-01543-00481193-00481447": "in order not to be passed over", "o8BbH27xRgI-01544-00481447-00481826": "is treated as complaint about being passed over", "o8BbH27xRgI-01545-00481826-00482119": "whether or not it is complaint.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01546-00482250-00482558": "I've just begun a new project on complaint,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01547-00482558-00482817": "and this project was inspired by working with students", "o8BbH27xRgI-01548-00482817-00483059": "on numerous inquiries into sexual harassment", "o8BbH27xRgI-01549-00483059-00483189": "and sexual misconduct,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01550-00483189-00483527": "which is to say my project was inspired by students.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01551-00483527-00483706": "And I thank all of you today.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01552-00483872-00484204": "A complaint is treated as a crisis for an organization", "o8BbH27xRgI-01553-00484204-00484484": "as potential damage to its reputation.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01554-00484484-00484747": "Students are warned that complaining would cause damage.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01555-00484747-00484999": "It would damage their careers,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01556-00484999-00485307": "reputations, relationships, lives.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01557-00485307-00485524": "And that warning often works as a threat", "o8BbH27xRgI-01558-00485524-00485726": "that you will lose the connections", "o8BbH27xRgI-01559-00485726-00485880": "that you need to progress.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01560-00485880-00486080": "So one student described,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01561-00486080-00486337": "\"I was repeatedly told that rocking the boat", "o8BbH27xRgI-01562-00486337-00486595": "\"or making waves would affect my career in the future", "o8BbH27xRgI-01563-00486595-00486844": "\"and that I would ruin the department for everyone else.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01564-00486844-00487013": "\"I was told if I did put in a complaint,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01565-00487013-00487253": "\"I would never be able to work in the university", "o8BbH27xRgI-01566-00487253-00487587": "\"and that is was likely I wouldn't get a job elsewhere.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-01567-00487587-00487897": "So here, complaining becomes a form of self-damage,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01568-00487897-00488133": "as well as to damage to others,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01569-00488133-00488455": "ruining a department, no less.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01570-00488455-00488780": "This student goes on to describe for us", "o8BbH27xRgI-01571-00488780-00489194": "how the pressure not to complain was exerted.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01572-00489194-00489478": "\"In just one day, I was subjected to eight hours", "o8BbH27xRgI-01573-00489478-00489653": "\"of grueling meetings and questioning,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01574-00489653-00489833": "\"almost designed to break me and stop me", "o8BbH27xRgI-01575-00489833-00490076": "\"from taking the complaint any further.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-01576-00490076-00490441": "And she described to me in minute detail,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01577-00490441-00490820": "the efforts to stop the complaint from getting anywhere.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01578-00490955-00491203": "So a wall can be what comes up,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01579-00491203-00491632": "or a wall can be what comes down, a ton of bricks.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01580-00491632-00491835": "And this is how power often works.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01581-00491835-00492008": "You don't have to stop people from doing something,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01582-00492008-00492414": "you just make it harder and harder for them to do something.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01583-00492414-00492628": "Remember, deviation is hard.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01584-00492628-00492817": "Deviation is made hard.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01585-00492907-00493143": "Not only is it hard to complain,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01586-00493143-00493380": "but a complaint about the damage you suffer", "o8BbH27xRgI-01587-00493380-00493730": "is treated as damage to the organization.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01588-00493730-00493964": "When I spoke out about sexual misconduct", "o8BbH27xRgI-01589-00493964-00494383": "and sexual harassment, I, too, became the cause of damage.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01590-00494383-00494508": "\"What a mess, Sara.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01591-00494508-00494690": "\"Look how much work you've created.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-01592-00494792-00494937": "I became a leaky pipe,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01593-00494937-00495118": "drip, drip. (audience chuckling)", "o8BbH27xRgI-01594-00495118-00495371": "Organizations will try and contain that damage.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01595-00495371-00495647": "Public relations is a form of damage limitation.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01596-00495647-00495868": "In fact, this is how diversity", "o8BbH27xRgI-01597-00495868-00496343": "often takes institutional form, as damage limitation.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01598-00496343-00496501": "But there is hope here.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01599-00496501-00496775": "They cannot mop up all of our mess.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01600-00496775-00496996": "One spillage can lead to more coming out,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01601-00496996-00497143": "can lead, does lead.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01602-00497143-00497374": "A leak can be a lead.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01603-00497374-00497595": "A leak can be a feminist lead.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01604-00497595-00497822": "After I shared the reasons for my own resignation,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01605-00497822-00497977": "many people shared with me their own stories,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01606-00497977-00498251": "their own institutional battles.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01607-00498251-00498484": "Me Too, it can spill out.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01608-00498484-00498700": "A feminist ear can provide the release", "o8BbH27xRgI-01609-00498700-00498860": "of that pressure valve.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01610-00498860-00499178": "So just loosen the screw a little bit,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01611-00499178-00499600": "a tiny, tiny little bit, and you might have an explosion.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01612-00499600-00499900": "We need more explosions.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01613-00499900-00500241": "This conclusion is called \"Queer Vandalism.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-01614-00500241-00500502": "(chuckles) You can see where I'm going with this.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01615-00500502-00500802": "(audience laughing)", "o8BbH27xRgI-01616-00500954-00501096": "Damage limitation,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01617-00501376-00501731": "this is how organizations end up using paper,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01618-00501731-00501927": "paper as papering over,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01619-00501927-00502157": "to paper over the cracks, the leaks,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01620-00502157-00502329": "the means by which blemishes", "o8BbH27xRgI-01621-00502329-00502709": "on an institutional record are not recorded.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01622-00502709-00502945": "Perhaps these blemishes become ours.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01623-00502945-00503189": "We become damaged goods.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01624-00503189-00503489": "Paper, too, can be papered over.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01625-00503489-00503626": "In \"Queer Phenomenology,\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-01626-00503626-00503991": "I called into question a fantasy of a paperless philosophy,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01627-00503991-00504260": "as part of a critique of how philosophy might be orientated", "o8BbH27xRgI-01628-00504260-00504441": "toward a certain kind of body,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01629-00504441-00504750": "one for whom materiality would be", "o8BbH27xRgI-01630-00504750-00504960": "an unnecessary distraction,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01631-00504960-00505292": "one who has time freed for contemplation", "o8BbH27xRgI-01632-00505292-00505664": "by how others do the work, the paper work,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01633-00505664-00506164": "the domestic work, the reproductive work, the care work.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01634-00506182-00506354": "Paper matters.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01635-00506354-00506585": "Paper can also be queer.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01636-00506585-00506843": "Paper can be used queerly.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01637-00506843-00507068": "I'm reminded of Homi Bhabha's discussion of uses", "o8BbH27xRgI-01638-00507068-00507345": "of the Bible in \"Signs Taken for Wonders.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-01639-00507345-00507691": "Bhabha cites the \"Missionary Register\" from 1817.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01640-00507691-00508076": "\"Still every Indian would gladly receive a Bible, and why?", "o8BbH27xRgI-01641-00508076-00508282": "\"That he may store it up as a curiosity,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01642-00508282-00508596": "\"sell it for a few pice, or use it for wastepaper.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01643-00508596-00508845": "\"Such it is well known has been the common fate", "o8BbH27xRgI-01644-00508845-00509114": "\"of those Bibles distributed in this place.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01645-00509114-00509288": "\"Some are seen laid up as curiosities", "o8BbH27xRgI-01646-00509288-00509454": "\"by those who cannot read them,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01647-00509454-00509597": "\"some have been bartered in the markets,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01648-00509597-00509789": "\"and others have been thrown into snuff shops", "o8BbH27xRgI-01649-00509789-00509956": "\"and used as wrapping paper.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-01650-00510095-00510246": "The Bible, in not been properly read,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01651-00510246-00510563": "is willfully destroyed, becoming curiosity,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01652-00510563-00510864": "reused or usable for other purposes,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01653-00510864-00511101": "wrapping paper, wastepaper.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01654-00511101-00511401": "Of course, the missionaries narrate the fate of the Bible", "o8BbH27xRgI-01655-00511401-00511767": "in the colonies as a result of the inability of the Natives", "o8BbH27xRgI-01656-00511767-00511949": "to be able to digest it.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01657-00511949-00512253": "\"It is true, that such of the Natives as can read,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01658-00512253-00512475": "\"have leisure enough to read the whole Bible,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01659-00512475-00512722": "\"but they are so indolent, so fond of eating and sleeping,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01660-00512722-00512919": "\"so lost in their vicious pursuits,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01661-00512919-00513127": "\"that unless something at once brief, simple,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01662-00513127-00513363": "\"and powerful be presented, it will not be likely", "o8BbH27xRgI-01663-00513363-00513644": "\"to be read by them, and, if read, it will not be likely", "o8BbH27xRgI-01664-00513644-00513902": "\"to arrest their torpid and sensual minds.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-01665-00514000-00514189": "If racism is used as an explanation", "o8BbH27xRgI-01666-00514189-00514399": "of the failure of digestion,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01667-00514399-00514675": "rendering the racial other a queer subject,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01668-00514675-00514947": "vicious pursuits, torpid and sensual minds,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01669-00514947-00515196": "racism is used because of the failure", "o8BbH27xRgI-01670-00515196-00515543": "of the colonial mission to transform the minds", "o8BbH27xRgI-01671-00515543-00515849": "of the colonized into willing vessels.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01672-00515967-00516266": "The demand to use something properly here", "o8BbH27xRgI-01673-00516266-00516679": "is a demand to revere what has been given by the colonizer.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01674-00516679-00517114": "The empire as gift comes with use instructions.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01675-00517114-00517245": "One of my conclusions is", "o8BbH27xRgI-01676-00517245-00517620": "that we cannot simply affirm the queer potential of use.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01677-00517620-00517938": "It's just not enough, and I hope you can hear why.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01678-00517938-00518118": "We have to account first", "o8BbH27xRgI-01679-00518118-00518453": "for how that potential has been stolen,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01680-00518453-00518832": "a theft that exists alongside other thefts.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01681-00518832-00519153": "The appropriation of a potential is not unrelated", "o8BbH27xRgI-01682-00519153-00519387": "to the appropriation of persons.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01683-00519387-00519749": "To queer use is to have a fight on your hands", "o8BbH27xRgI-01684-00519749-00520053": "because it comes with punishment.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01685-00520053-00520316": "If not to be subjected to the will of the colonizer", "o8BbH27xRgI-01686-00520316-00520689": "is to queer use or even to become queer through misuse,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01687-00520689-00521001": "perversion as self-revelation,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01688-00521001-00521468": "then to queer use is to live in proximity to violence.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01689-00521468-00521730": "To queer use is to linger on material qualities", "o8BbH27xRgI-01690-00521730-00521907": "of that which you are supposed to pass over.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01691-00521907-00522181": "It is to recover a potential from materials", "o8BbH27xRgI-01692-00522181-00522449": "that have been left behind, even by the colonizer,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01693-00522449-00522700": "all the things you can do with paper", "o8BbH27xRgI-01694-00522700-00522928": "when you do not follow the instructions.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01695-00522928-00523028": "(audience chuckling)", "o8BbH27xRgI-01696-00523028-00523247": "A recovery can be dangerous.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01697-00523247-00523534": "The creativity of queer use becomes an act of destruction,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01698-00523534-00523701": "whether intended or not,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01699-00523701-00524121": "not digesting something, spitting it out, putting it about.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01700-00524121-00524367": "What appears as a failure to use something properly", "o8BbH27xRgI-01701-00524367-00524687": "becomes a refusal to use something properly.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01702-00524687-00524893": "To queer use can mean to destroy", "o8BbH27xRgI-01703-00524893-00525155": "that which is deemed worthy of reverence.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01704-00525155-00525380": "Queer use as vandalism,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01705-00525380-00525778": "the willful destruction of what is venerable and beautiful.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01706-00525778-00525966": "Earlier, I described diversity workers", "o8BbH27xRgI-01707-00525966-00526160": "as institutional plumbers.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01708-00526160-00526365": "We might, from that description, assume that diversity", "o8BbH27xRgI-01709-00526365-00526649": "workers are appointed to unblock the system,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01710-00526649-00526833": "but I've tried to show how a blockage is", "o8BbH27xRgI-01711-00526833-00527042": "how the system is working.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01712-00527042-00527304": "The system is working by stopping those", "o8BbH27xRgI-01713-00527304-00527489": "who are trying to transform that system,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01714-00527489-00527837": "and this means that to transform a system,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01715-00527837-00528084": "you have to stop it from working.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01716-00528084-00528393": "The plumber might need to be the vandal", "o8BbH27xRgI-01717-00528393-00528741": "or even pass as a plumber in order to be a vandal,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01718-00528741-00528986": "(audience laughing) appear to be fixing the leak", "o8BbH27xRgI-01719-00528986-00529216": "in order to be creating that leak.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01720-00529303-00529602": "We might have to throw a wrench in the works or become,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01721-00529602-00529970": "to use Sarah Franklin's terms \"wenches in the works,\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-01722-00529970-00530204": "to throw our bodies into the system", "o8BbH27xRgI-01723-00530204-00530453": "to try and stop the same old bodies from being assembled,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01724-00530453-00530649": "doing the same old things.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01725-00530649-00530912": "The wench in the works has a queer kinship", "o8BbH27xRgI-01726-00530912-00531090": "with the feminist killjoy.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01727-00531090-00531383": "A kinship of figures can be a kinship of persons,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01728-00531383-00531743": "as non-reproductive agents, those who are trying to stop", "o8BbH27xRgI-01729-00531743-00531990": "what usually happens from happening.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01730-00532086-00532276": "If you stop the machine from working,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01731-00532276-00532470": "you damage the machine.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01732-00532470-00532717": "It is not just that queers are damaged or lost souls,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01733-00532717-00532869": "though we may be that,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01734-00532869-00533166": "but that queerness, as such, becomes damaging,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01735-00533166-00533330": "how we can ruin things by living", "o8BbH27xRgI-01736-00533330-00533545": "and loving in the wrong way.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01737-00533545-00533775": "If queer desire causes damage,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01738-00533775-00533991": "then damage becomes a queer cause,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01739-00533991-00534252": "what we are willing to cause.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01740-00534252-00534393": "Not following a family line", "o8BbH27xRgI-01741-00534393-00534610": "is often understood as breaking a line.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01742-00534610-00534758": "Queer as snap,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01743-00534758-00535075": "the moment you realize what you do not have to be.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01744-00535075-00535256": "Queer as snap, snap,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01745-00535256-00535534": "as if you're cutting up the family with a pair of scissors", "o8BbH27xRgI-01746-00535534-00535891": "just by arranging your life in a different way.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01747-00535891-00536160": "Not following something as destroying something,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01748-00536160-00536443": "no wonder they find us to be destructive.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01749-00536531-00536843": "So much is reproduced by the requirement to follow.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01750-00536843-00536990": "Within the academy, you might be asked", "o8BbH27xRgI-01751-00536990-00537268": "to follow the well-trodden paths of citation,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01752-00537268-00537550": "to cite properly, to cite well,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01753-00537550-00537889": "as to cite those deemed to already have the most influence.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01754-00538087-00538394": "The more a path is used, the more a path is used.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01755-00538394-00538643": "The more he is cited, the more he is cited.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01756-00538643-00538874": "(audience laughing)", "o8BbH27xRgI-01757-00538874-00539093": "Not following something is destroying something.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01758-00539093-00539250": "You could become a vandal", "o8BbH27xRgI-01759-00539250-00539461": "by rearranging a text in a different way,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01760-00539461-00539631": "by not fighting any white men,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01761-00539631-00539793": "for instance, (chuckles). (audience laughing)", "o8BbH27xRgI-01762-00539793-00539957": "To speak of whiteness in the academy", "o8BbH27xRgI-01763-00539957-00540140": "or of colonialism as the context", "o8BbH27xRgI-01764-00540140-00540326": "in which Enlightenment philosophy happened is", "o8BbH27xRgI-01765-00540326-00540599": "to bring up that scandal of the vandal.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01766-00540599-00540807": "Decolonizing the curriculum as a project", "o8BbH27xRgI-01767-00540807-00541125": "has indeed been framed as an act of vandalism,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01768-00541125-00541364": "a willful destruction of our universals,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01769-00541364-00541570": "knocking off the heads of statues,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01770-00541570-00541819": "snapping at the thrones of the philosopher kings.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01771-00541919-00542096": "Vandalism also becomes a tactic", "o8BbH27xRgI-01772-00542096-00542533": "when we have to cut a message off from the body, a body,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01773-00542533-00542792": "when a message, if traced to a source,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01774-00542792-00543107": "would compromise that source.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01775-00543107-00543440": "We might need to use guerrilla tactics, and we have feminist", "o8BbH27xRgI-01776-00543440-00543658": "and queer histories to draw upon here.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01777-00543658-00543911": "Write names of harassers on books.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01778-00543911-00544141": "Put graffiti on walls.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01779-00544141-00544473": "Yes, those scratches, we're back to those scratches.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01780-00544473-00544893": "What is treated as damage can be a message sent out.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01781-00544893-00545051": "We can reach each other", "o8BbH27xRgI-01782-00545051-00545494": "through what appears to others as mere scratch and scribble.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01783-00545494-00545797": "We were here, we did not get used to it.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01784-00545938-00546152": "The riskier it is to speak out,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01785-00546152-00546443": "the more inventive we might have to become.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01786-00546443-00546566": "The requirement to be inventive", "o8BbH27xRgI-01787-00546566-00546838": "is not just a matter of communication.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01788-00546838-00547124": "Audre Lorde, in her poem \"A Litany for Survival,\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-01789-00547124-00547395": "evokes those of us who \"love in doorways,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01790-00547395-00547706": "\"coming and going in the hours between dawns.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-01791-00547706-00547943": "You might have to use the less used paths,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01792-00547943-00548167": "turn a doorway into a meeting place.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01793-00548167-00548454": "You might have to try to slide by undetected", "o8BbH27xRgI-01794-00548454-00548675": "because being seen is dangerous", "o8BbH27xRgI-01795-00548675-00548902": "when you are seen as dangerous.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01796-00548902-00549128": "Queer use can be a matter of survival,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01797-00549128-00549462": "becoming fainter as your best chance of being at all.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01798-00549559-00549870": "There might then be queer possibilities not only in use,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01799-00549870-00550003": "how materials can be picked up", "o8BbH27xRgI-01800-00550003-00550362": "when we refuse an instruction, but in not being of use.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01801-00550449-00550604": "I noted earlier how selection", "o8BbH27xRgI-01802-00550604-00550843": "involves the stabilization of form.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01803-00550843-00551116": "This story, the institutional story,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01804-00551116-00551377": "the institution's story", "o8BbH27xRgI-01805-00551377-00551716": "is that not to be selected is to cease to be,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01806-00551716-00552027": "what we might call institutional death.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01807-00552027-00552261": "An institutional death is not the end of a story.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01808-00552261-00552626": "It can even be the beginning of a queer and feminist life.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01809-00552626-00552928": "There is a discussion in \"Origins\" of vestigial organs,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01810-00552928-00553237": "parts that are no longer useful but linger however dwindled,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01811-00553237-00553452": "such as the small eye of the blind mole.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01812-00553452-00553693": "These parts are sometimes called leftovers.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01813-00553777-00554060": "Vestigiality is the retention of structures or attributes", "o8BbH27xRgI-01814-00554060-00554441": "of ancestral species that have lost their functionality,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01815-00554441-00554759": "another version of the strange temporality of use.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01816-00554759-00554997": "Let me quote here from \"Origins.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-01817-00554997-00555291": "\"Rudimentary parts, as it is generally admitted,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01818-00555291-00555505": "\"are apt to be highly variable.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01819-00555505-00555878": "\"Their variability seems to result from their uselessness", "o8BbH27xRgI-01820-00555878-00556196": "\"and consequently from natural selection having had no power", "o8BbH27xRgI-01821-00556196-00556476": "\"to check deviations in their structure.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-01822-00556608-00556931": "Uselessness, it can be a deadly assignment.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01823-00556931-00557083": "I think we know this,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01824-00557083-00557362": "a history of whom and what is discarded,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01825-00557362-00557618": "how fragments are swept up and away.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01826-00557618-00557817": "But we can pick up pieces.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01827-00557817-00558014": "We can find other ways of telling the history", "o8BbH27xRgI-01828-00558014-00558380": "of use and uselessness, hearing a queer potential", "o8BbH27xRgI-01829-00558380-00558613": "in a sentence from a much-used book.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01830-00558613-00559015": "That potential, not being selected is not to be checked,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01831-00559015-00559333": "to have more room to roam, to vary,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01832-00559333-00559596": "to deviate, to proliferate.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01833-00559596-00559820": "If queer use can be about survival,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01834-00559820-00559974": "following the less well-used path", "o8BbH27xRgI-01835-00559974-00560154": "in order not to be detected,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01836-00560154-00560421": "queer use can also be about creativity,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01837-00560421-00560612": "the variations that are possible", "o8BbH27xRgI-01838-00560612-00560801": "when you're not selected and awarded", "o8BbH27xRgI-01839-00560801-00561007": "for going the right way.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01840-00561007-00561150": "Of course, not being selected", "o8BbH27xRgI-01841-00561150-00561359": "also means not being supported.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01842-00561359-00561613": "And so we have to create our own support system,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01843-00561613-00562084": "queer handles, how we hold on, how a life can go on,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01844-00562084-00562379": "when we are shattered, because we are shattered.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01845-00562379-00562690": "No wonder then, the stories of exhaustion", "o8BbH27xRgI-01846-00562690-00562984": "of inhabiting worlds that do not accommodate us,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01847-00562984-00563190": "the stories of the weary and the worn,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01848-00563190-00563352": "the teary and the torn,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01849-00563352-00563665": "are the same stories as the stories of inventiveness,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01850-00563665-00564058": "of creating something, of making something.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01851-00564058-00564192": "I think of Lorde.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01852-00564192-00564417": "I always think of Lorde.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01853-00564417-00564750": "Audre Lorde spoke of herself as a writer when she was dying.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01854-00564750-00565244": "She wrote, \"I'm gonna write fire until it comes out", "o8BbH27xRgI-01855-00565244-00565704": "\"of my ears, my eyes, my noseholes, everywhere,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01856-00565704-00565855": "\"until it's every breath I breathe.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01857-00565855-00566114": "\"I'm gonna go out like a fucking meteor.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-01858-00566114-00566316": "(audience chuckling) So she did.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01859-00566316-00566402": "And so she did.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01860-00566402-00566611": "She goes out, she makes something.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01861-00566611-00566807": "She calls this capacity to make things", "o8BbH27xRgI-01862-00566807-00566931": "through heat \"the erotic.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-01863-00566931-00567270": "Lorde describes, \"There is a difference between painting", "o8BbH27xRgI-01864-00567270-00567556": "\"a black fence and writing a poem, but only one of quantity.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01865-00567556-00567682": "\"And there is, for me, no difference", "o8BbH27xRgI-01866-00567682-00567907": "\"between writing a good poem and moving", "o8BbH27xRgI-01867-00567907-00568253": "\"into sunlight against the body of a woman I love.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-01868-00568253-00568608": "Words flicker with life, like sunlight on her body,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01869-00568608-00568954": "a love poem, a lover as poem.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01870-00568954-00569205": "I'm warmed by this thought of how we create things,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01871-00569205-00569436": "how we break open containers to make things.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01872-00569436-00569634": "We watch the words spill.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01873-00569634-00569825": "They spill all over you.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01874-00569825-00570138": "I think, too, of Cherrie Moraga's poem \"The Welder.\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-01875-00570138-00570438": "Moraga speaks of heat being used to shape new elements,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01876-00570438-00570657": "\"the intimacy of steel melting,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01877-00570657-00570914": "\"the fire that makes sculpture of your lives,\"", "o8BbH27xRgI-01878-00571195-00571332": "our desires.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01879-00571332-00571653": "When you are blocked, when your existence is prohibited", "o8BbH27xRgI-01880-00571653-00571987": "or viewed with general suspicion or just raised eyebrows,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01881-00571987-00572185": "yes, they are pedagogy,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01882-00572185-00572424": "you have to come up with your own systems", "o8BbH27xRgI-01883-00572424-00572617": "for getting things through.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01884-00572617-00572780": "How inventive,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01885-00572780-00572946": "quite something,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01886-00572946-00573085": "not from nothing,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01887-00573085-00573343": "something from something.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01888-00573343-00573666": "A kitchen table becomes a publishing house.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01889-00573666-00573962": "A doorway becomes a meeting place.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01890-00573962-00574145": "A post box becomes a nest.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01891-00574280-00574581": "Sometimes we have to work hard to know what is possible.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01892-00574581-00574913": "Let's take this image as a queer teacher.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01893-00575002-00575154": "It teaches us that it's possible", "o8BbH27xRgI-01894-00575154-00575502": "for those deemed strangers, foreigners to inhabit a space", "o8BbH27xRgI-01895-00575502-00575797": "that has been assumed as belonging to others,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01896-00575797-00576007": "as being for others to use.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01897-00576007-00576194": "And note, an assumption can be", "o8BbH27xRgI-01898-00576194-00576509": "what you reside in or how you reside in.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01899-00576509-00576754": "The post box could have remained in use,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01900-00576754-00576982": "the nest destroyed before it was completed,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01901-00576982-00577085": "the birds displaced.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01902-00577170-00577526": "A history of use is a history of such displacements,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01903-00577526-00577901": "many violent, displacements that are often unrecognized", "o8BbH27xRgI-01904-00577901-00578165": "because of how things remain occupied.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01905-00578165-00578486": "To queer use is to make usage a crisis.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01906-00578486-00578637": "You have to make room because of", "o8BbH27xRgI-01907-00578637-00578872": "how spaces have been occupied.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01908-00578872-00579157": "And to make usage, a crisis is work.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01909-00579157-00579416": "It is hard and painstaking work.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01910-00579416-00579715": "It is collective and creative work.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01911-00579715-00580026": "I've been trying to describe the work of queer in use", "o8BbH27xRgI-01912-00580026-00580263": "one way or another in my work,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01913-00580263-00580575": "and that work of description, too, is shared work.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01914-00580575-00580901": "It is what we do with and for each other.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01915-00580986-00581238": "This image has something else to teach us,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01916-00581238-00581586": "creating a shelter and disrupting usage", "o8BbH27xRgI-01917-00581586-00581861": "can refer to the same action.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01918-00581861-00582151": "A kitchen table becomes a publishing house,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01919-00582151-00582597": "a doorway a meeting place, a post box a nest,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01920-00582597-00583053": "a writing table, seemingly solitary, a queer gathering.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01921-00583053-00583169": "Thank you.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01922-00583169-00583486": "(audience applauding)", "o8BbH27xRgI-01923-00583703-00583995": "(faintly speaking)", "o8BbH27xRgI-01924-00584647-00585147": "Thank you.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01925-00585352-00585670": "(audience cheering and applauding)", "o8BbH27xRgI-01926-00585670-00585977": "(Sara laughs)", "o8BbH27xRgI-01927-00585977-00586477": "Thank you so much, really appreciate it.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01928-00586498-00586707": "(muffled speaking) - Hi, my name is Sel Hwahng,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01929-00586707-00586958": "and I'm on the Board of CLAGS.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01930-00586958-00587370": "- Hi, I'm Debanuj Dasgupta, I am Board co-chair of CLAGS,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01931-00587370-00587870": "and together we are very honored on behalf of Board, staff,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01932-00587914-00588385": "and all the members of CLAGS to recognize Sara Ahmed", "o8BbH27xRgI-01933-00588385-00588634": "for her lifelong dedication", "o8BbH27xRgI-01934-00588634-00588890": "and showing us the uses of queer.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01935-00588890-00589095": "Queer vandalism, I'm gonna do that.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01936-00589095-00589435": "(audience laughing)", "o8BbH27xRgI-01937-00589435-00589549": "Okay, just slide it over to you.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01938-00589549-00590016": "- Thank you, thank you. (audience applauding)", "o8BbH27xRgI-01939-00590016-00590348": "(muffled speaking)", "o8BbH27xRgI-01940-00590348-00590790": "(audience applauding and chattering)", "o8BbH27xRgI-01941-00592051-00592334": "(faint speaking)", "o8BbH27xRgI-01942-00592334-00592471": "- Okay, so I just want to announce", "o8BbH27xRgI-01943-00592471-00592733": "that we are gonna have a Q and A now.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01944-00592733-00592855": "And after the Q and A,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01945-00592855-00593143": "we have a lovely reception right outside the doors,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01946-00593143-00593476": "and so please stay for that and interact more", "o8BbH27xRgI-01947-00593476-00593843": "amongst yourselves and with Sara.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01948-00593843-00594055": "- Before we go into Q and A,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01949-00594055-00594359": "I have something important to share.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01950-00594359-00594552": "We will stop the live streaming now,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01951-00594552-00594738": "and we'll go into Q and A.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01952-00594738-00595237": "We have somebody with the microphone walking around, no?", "o8BbH27xRgI-01953-00595237-00595441": "Okay, no, that's fine. (audience chuckling)", "o8BbH27xRgI-01954-00595441-00595623": "So you'll just have to project your voice.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01955-00595623-00595771": "You have to be a vandal.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01956-00595771-00595989": "But I do want to say something,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01957-00595989-00596317": "that the work of CLAGS is very important.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01958-00596317-00596619": "It was a life-changing experience", "o8BbH27xRgI-01959-00596619-00597021": "to be an activist in New York and be connected with CLAGS.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01960-00597021-00597358": "So to continue our work, we would like you", "o8BbH27xRgI-01961-00597358-00597711": "to give $20 today and get a poster,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01962-00597711-00598075": "which is a visualization of queer bibliography,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01963-00598075-00598303": "during the reception out there.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01964-00598397-00598855": "Or you could join us or renew your membership on your phone", "o8BbH27xRgI-01965-00598855-00599127": "and show the receipt to Stephanie Hsu,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01966-00599127-00599487": "who's our Board member, and you will receive a poster.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01967-00599487-00599647": "You'll get a poster.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01968-00599647-00600113": "So I want to make that plug as a contribution to CLAGS,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01969-00600113-00600528": "so we can keep our events open for the public.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01970-00600528-00600823": "For 25, more than 25 years now,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01971-00600823-00601195": "CLAGS has kept a space for queer theory alive", "o8BbH27xRgI-01972-00601195-00601498": "in one of the largest metropolitan public institutions", "o8BbH27xRgI-01973-00601498-00601714": "in the country, so support us.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01974-00601714-00601965": "With that, I will leave you with Professor Ahmed.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01975-00601965-00602071": "- Yeah, and we do have,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01976-00602071-00602205": "it looks like we do have microphones.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01977-00602205-00602533": "So I guess if you want to ask a question,", "o8BbH27xRgI-01978-00602533-00602835": "please raise your hand, and it will not be live-streamed.", "o8BbH27xRgI-01979-00602965-00603240": "(faint speaking)"}}, {"audio_id": "o8DVqEMfol4", "text": {"o8DVqEMfol4-00000-00000791-00001611": "Pease how to find it and how to keep it in troubling times", "o8DVqEMfol4-00001-00001611-00002490": "these are all Bible verses that speak of peace and some of these verses show that", "o8DVqEMfol4-00002-00002490-00003272": "in order to have peace we are required to do our part we need to be mindful of", "o8DVqEMfol4-00003-00003272-00004071": "our own hearts as God's blessings always flow when we walk in obedience living in", "o8DVqEMfol4-00004-00004071-00005025": "peace is often an active choice of our will rather than a passive waiting for", "o8DVqEMfol4-00005-00005025-00006090": "peace to fall in our circumstances Psalm 29 11 the Lord blesses his people with", "o8DVqEMfol4-00006-00006090-00007490": "peace Psalm 34 14 turn from evil and do good seek peace and pursue it psalm 32", "o8DVqEMfol4-00007-00007490-00008262": "17 the fruit of righteousness will be peace The effect of righteousness will", "o8DVqEMfol4-00008-00008262-00009284": "be quietness and confidence forever Psalm 37 verse 37 consider the blameless", "o8DVqEMfol4-00009-00009284-00010406": "observe the upright there is a future for the man of peace Psalm 85 verse 8 I", "o8DVqEMfol4-00010-00010406-00011274": "will listen to what God the Lord will say he promises peace to his people his", "o8DVqEMfol4-00011-00011274-00012172": "Saints but let them not return to folly", "o8DVqEMfol4-00012-00012172-00013238": "psalm 119 verse 165 great peace have they who love your law and nothing can", "o8DVqEMfol4-00013-00013238-00014263": "make them stumble Isaiah 9 verse 6 for unto us a child is born a son is given", "o8DVqEMfol4-00014-00014263-00014855": "and the government will be on his shoulders and he will be called", "o8DVqEMfol4-00015-00014855-00015751": "wonderful counselor mighty God everlasting father Prince of Peace", "o8DVqEMfol4-00016-00015751-00016652": "Isaiah 26 verse 3 you will keep in perfect peace him whose mind is", "o8DVqEMfol4-00017-00016652-00017317": "steadfast because he trusts in you Isaiah 26 verse 12", "o8DVqEMfol4-00018-00017317-00018044": "Lord you establish peace for us all that we have accomplished you have done for", "o8DVqEMfol4-00019-00018044-00018676": "us Isaiah 54 verse 10 though the mountains", "o8DVqEMfol4-00020-00018676-00019589": "be shaken and the hills be removed yet my unfailing love for you will not be", "o8DVqEMfol4-00021-00019589-00020268": "shaken nor my covenant of peace be removed says the Lord who has compassion on you", "o8DVqEMfol4-00022-00020268-00021122": "Isaiah 55 verse 12 you will go out and joy and be led forth in peace", "o8DVqEMfol4-00023-00021122-00021767": "the mountains and hills will burst into song before you and all the trees of the", "o8DVqEMfol4-00024-00021767-00022772": "field will clap their hands Isaiah 57 verse 19 peace peace to those far and", "o8DVqEMfol4-00025-00022772-00023776": "near says the Lord and I will heal them Matthew 11:28 2:30 come to me all you", "o8DVqEMfol4-00026-00023776-00024451": "who are weary and burdened and I will give you rest take my yoke upon you and", "o8DVqEMfol4-00027-00024451-00024839": "learn from me for I am gentle and humble in heart", "o8DVqEMfol4-00028-00024839-00025502": "and you will find rest for your souls for my yoke is easy and my burden is", "o8DVqEMfol4-00029-00025502-00026531": "light John 14 verse 27 peace I leave with you my peace I give you", "o8DVqEMfol4-00030-00026531-00027425": "I do not give to you as the world gives do not let your heart be troubled and do", "o8DVqEMfol4-00031-00027425-00028343": "not be afraid John 16 verse 33 I have told you those things so that in me you", "o8DVqEMfol4-00032-00028343-00029276": "may have peace Luke 7:15 jesus said your faith has saved you", "o8DVqEMfol4-00033-00029276-00030139": "go in peace Romans 5 verse 1 therefore since we have been justified through", "o8DVqEMfol4-00034-00030139-00030845": "faith we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ", "o8DVqEMfol4-00035-00030845-00031556": "Romans 14:17 2:19 for the kingdom of God is not a matter", "o8DVqEMfol4-00036-00031556-00032018": "of eating and drinking but of righteousness peace and joy in the Holy", "o8DVqEMfol4-00037-00032018-00032602": "Spirit because anyone who serves Christ in this way is pleasing to God and", "o8DVqEMfol4-00038-00032602-00033512": "approved by men let us therefore make every effort to do what leads to peace", "o8DVqEMfol4-00039-00033512-00034466": "and to mutual edification 2nd Corinthians 13:11", "o8DVqEMfol4-00040-00034466-00035344": "be of one mind live in peace and the God of love and peace will be with you", "o8DVqEMfol4-00041-00035344-00036318": "first Corinthians 14:33 for God is not a God of disorder but of peace", "o8DVqEMfol4-00042-00036318-00037103": "second Thessalonians 3:16 now may the", "o8DVqEMfol4-00043-00037103-00037971": "Lord of peace himself give you peace at all times and in every way the Lord be", "o8DVqEMfol4-00044-00037971-00038669": "with all of you Colossians 3:15 let the Peace of Christ", "o8DVqEMfol4-00045-00038669-00039602": "rule in your hearts since as members of one body you were called to peace and be", "o8DVqEMfol4-00046-00039602-00039802": "thankful", "o8DVqEMfol4-00047-00039802-00040128": "final thought", "o8DVqEMfol4-00048-00040128-00040847": "don't allow fear to sit on the throne of your heart make a conscious choice today", "o8DVqEMfol4-00049-00040847-00041481": "to place a Prince of Peace on that throne this has been brought to you by", "o8DVqEMfol4-00050-00041481-00042663": "encouragingbiblequotes.com - a Ministry of Katherine Walden"}}, {"audio_id": "o8Kpn99-bxu", "text": {"o8Kpn99-bxu-00000-00000000-00000456": "To create a new world, click on Create > Worlds button", "o8Kpn99-bxu-00001-00000456-00000800": "Then, click on the (i) sign to define world's name, description and language", "o8Kpn99-bxu-00002-00002900-00003300": "Click on the + and - buttons to add and remove rows and columns in the world's board", "o8Kpn99-bxu-00003-00003900-00004300": "When you add a new character, you can change its properties in the right panel", "o8Kpn99-bxu-00004-00004800-00005200": "Each character can have as many sprites as needed", "o8Kpn99-bxu-00005-00005370-00005700": "You can move the character using these controls. Notice the Z index to place characters on top of others", "o8Kpn99-bxu-00006-00006400-00006800": "The movement of this new character will not be editable by players", "o8Kpn99-bxu-00007-00008150-00008400": "You can set the initial code for any character", "o8Kpn99-bxu-00008-00009300-00009600": "Use the PLAY action, to create infinite loops", "o8Kpn99-bxu-00009-00009700-00009900": "Double-click actions to make them unremovable", "o8Kpn99-bxu-00010-00010000-00010400": "The ant will be continuosly moving from left to right and player will not be able to change its code", "o8Kpn99-bxu-00011-00010700-00011100": "Double-click on any tile of the board to change its color", "o8Kpn99-bxu-00012-00012300-00012700": "You can also add an image to a tile", "o8Kpn99-bxu-00013-00016078-00016574": "Characters are marked with a yellow rectangle and always placed on top", "o8Kpn99-bxu-00014-00016574-00017038": "If you want to set the tile behind a character, you have to move it first", "o8Kpn99-bxu-00015-00019300-00019800": "In this world the frog has to use the bridge. To enforce that, set the water tiles as walls.", "o8Kpn99-bxu-00016-00020334-00020678": "Every world needs goals", "o8Kpn99-bxu-00017-00020700-00020900": "Type a clear definition of the goal", "o8Kpn99-bxu-00018-00021442-00021642": "and then define how this goal will be met", "o8Kpn99-bxu-00019-00021714-00022146": "Condition based goals are met when score or lifes met a condition", "o8Kpn99-bxu-00020-00022432-00022632": "Event-based goals are met when an event says so", "o8Kpn99-bxu-00021-00022728-00022928": "Events describe what happens when two or more characters collide", "o8Kpn99-bxu-00022-00023034-00023438": "In the IF part, you have to add ALL the characters involved in the collision", "o8Kpn99-bxu-00023-00023574-00024030": "In the THEN part, you have to define the consequence of the collision", "o8Kpn99-bxu-00024-00024170-00024470": "In this case, when the frog and the ant collide, the goal is met", "o8Kpn99-bxu-00025-00025654-00025942": "Once everything is OK, you can click on Save", "o8Kpn99-bxu-00026-00025998-00026245": "And then publish the world to share it with other Make World users"}}, {"audio_id": "o8ZjGtcOt04", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "o93ImT8DdQu", "text": {"o93ImT8DdQu-00000-00000768-00001072": "At one time or another, it happens to every one of us,", "o93ImT8DdQu-00001-00001144-00001584": "things fall apart. Sometimes the things that fall apart are", "o93ImT8DdQu-00002-00001584-00002144": "actual things, like the dishwasher floods the kitchen, or the car breaks down in", "o93ImT8DdQu-00003-00002144-00002696": "the middle of a busy intersection, or one morning we go to the computer and", "o93ImT8DdQu-00004-00002696-00003136": "it's fried and is just not going to reboot. Things fall apart.", "o93ImT8DdQu-00005-00003247-00003656": "Sometimes the things that fall apart aren't physical things but are things", "o93ImT8DdQu-00006-00003656-00004088": "that are part of our life like relationships fall apart, our finances", "o93ImT8DdQu-00007-00004088-00004456": "fall apart, our career or our job falls apart.", "o93ImT8DdQu-00008-00004568-00005192": "The closer something is to our identity to things that we value as important", "o93ImT8DdQu-00009-00005264-00005584": "the more difficult it is for us when things fall apart.", "o93ImT8DdQu-00010-00005752-00006192": "You know we're finishing the second year of the COVID", "o93ImT8DdQu-00011-00006192-00006736": "19 pandemic, and in this pandemic lots of things have", "o93ImT8DdQu-00012-00006736-00007128": "fallen apart: jobs have fallen apart, school systems", "o93ImT8DdQu-00013-00007128-00007600": "have fallen apart, people's health has fallen apart, their finances have fallen", "o93ImT8DdQu-00014-00007600-00007912": "apart, and we can see statistically", "o93ImT8DdQu-00015-00007968-00008296": "the signs of all those things falling apart", "o93ImT8DdQu-00016-00008408-00008944": "as there are rates of increase for depression and anxiety and addictions", "o93ImT8DdQu-00017-00008944-00009232": "and so many other things like domestic violence.", "o93ImT8DdQu-00018-00009344-00009688": "So when things fall apart, what is it that we do?", "o93ImT8DdQu-00019-00009768-00010240": "Often we're overwhelmed, we're angry, we're frustrated, we're sad,", "o93ImT8DdQu-00020-00010360-00010808": "we're not sure what to do. But I want to talk about the importance", "o93ImT8DdQu-00021-00010808-00011264": "of understanding how to sort out things that fall apart", "o93ImT8DdQu-00022-00011336-00011760": "because all of us, whether now or at some other point in", "o93ImT8DdQu-00023-00011760-00012080": "our life will experience things falling apart.", "o93ImT8DdQu-00024-00012248-00012568": "So I'm going to be spending this video and the next three", "o93ImT8DdQu-00025-00012624-00013024": "on this topic of what to do when things fall apart.", "o93ImT8DdQu-00026-00013176-00013608": "One of the things I think that gets us into a lot of trouble when things fall", "o93ImT8DdQu-00027-00013608-00014104": "apart are the beliefs that we may have, the dogmas we may carry with us.", "o93ImT8DdQu-00028-00014176-00014544": "For example, some people believe in the law of attraction.", "o93ImT8DdQu-00029-00014608-00014960": "They think that we attract things to ourselves.", "o93ImT8DdQu-00030-00015040-00015280": "When things fall apart, what does that mean?", "o93ImT8DdQu-00031-00015344-00015760": "That we attracted this falling apart to ourself?", "o93ImT8DdQu-00032-00015888-00016384": "Other people believe that if I believe enough, Jesus will always", "o93ImT8DdQu-00033-00016384-00016752": "give me the victory. When things fall apart, it's not exactly", "o93ImT8DdQu-00034-00016752-00017168": "victorious? So does that mean there's something wrong with my faith or", "o93ImT8DdQu-00035-00017168-00017592": "something wrong with Jesus? There are other people who believe in", "o93ImT8DdQu-00036-00017592-00017992": "karma. When things fall apart, does that mean", "o93ImT8DdQu-00037-00017992-00018480": "that something I did in the past is causing things to fall apart now?", "o93ImT8DdQu-00038-00018576-00018952": "You see, I don't think any of these beliefs or any of these dogmas are really", "o93ImT8DdQu-00039-00018952-00019448": "helpful for us when things fall apart because all they do is make us feel", "o93ImT8DdQu-00040-00019448-00019784": "guilty and more isolated and it becomes more difficult", "o93ImT8DdQu-00041-00019840-00020352": "for us to sort out what we need to do. So I think it's important to set aside", "o93ImT8DdQu-00042-00020352-00020848": "those beliefs in order to learn to move forward when things fall apart.", "o93ImT8DdQu-00043-00020944-00021408": "And in order to move forward when things fall apart, I think there are three", "o93ImT8DdQu-00044-00021408-00021768": "different dimensions that work together and I'm calling them dimensions,", "o93ImT8DdQu-00045-00021840-00022576": "or maybe factors or aspects, because it's not like one is more important or", "o93ImT8DdQu-00046-00022576-00022960": "better than the others but that they all work together, that there's a synergy,", "o93ImT8DdQu-00047-00022960-00023440": "that all three of them build for each other. But I can only talk about one at a", "o93ImT8DdQu-00048-00023440-00023872": "time so I'm going to talk about them as three things, but they're really", "o93ImT8DdQu-00049-00023872-00024272": "interconnected. The first is to always remember", "o93ImT8DdQu-00050-00024336-00024688": "that nothing lasts forever, that everything changes.", "o93ImT8DdQu-00051-00024752-00025168": "Things may have fallen apart today but that doesn't mean things have fallen", "o93ImT8DdQu-00052-00025168-00025536": "apart forever. No, the sun's going to rise just like it does.", "o93ImT8DdQu-00053-00025536-00025872": "It may be raining today. Things are going to change.", "o93ImT8DdQu-00054-00025944-00026472": "I'm not the person I was 20 years ago. Assuming I live another 20 years, I'm not", "o93ImT8DdQu-00055-00026472-00026783": "going to be the same person. I'll change. I'll evolve.", "o93ImT8DdQu-00056-00026839-00027080": "We know that things always change and evolve,", "o93ImT8DdQu-00057-00027168-00027744": "but we're used to it happening slowly, in a measured way. When things fall apart, it", "o93ImT8DdQu-00058-00027744-00028072": "happens suddenly and that's part of what becomes", "o93ImT8DdQu-00059-00028072-00028536": "overwhelming for us and difficult to manage, but it's important in the midst", "o93ImT8DdQu-00060-00028536-00029136": "of everything falling apart to step back and remember this is a moment,", "o93ImT8DdQu-00061-00029208-00029688": "this is what's happening now, and in the future something else will be different,", "o93ImT8DdQu-00062-00029800-00030200": "and so that we have some perspective on what's occurring for us.", "o93ImT8DdQu-00063-00030304-00030536": "The second thing that I think is important for us", "o93ImT8DdQu-00064-00030592-00031064": "is the importance of an interior life. Now we don't turn on an interior life", "o93ImT8DdQu-00065-00031064-00031568": "the moment something falls apart. This is something that we build over time and", "o93ImT8DdQu-00066-00031568-00032016": "hopefully, if you've been building your spiritual practice or other things that", "o93ImT8DdQu-00067-00032016-00032488": "keep you grounded in life, that allows you to put down roots and into your", "o93ImT8DdQu-00068-00032488-00032872": "innermost being, then then you have this as a resource.", "o93ImT8DdQu-00069-00032872-00033312": "Those things may be an appreciation of art or music or nature", "o93ImT8DdQu-00070-00033408-00033872": "or your spiritual practice. I think it's important right now to", "o93ImT8DdQu-00071-00033872-00034160": "think about spiritual practice in terms of that term.", "o93ImT8DdQu-00072-00034240-00034584": "We talk about spiritual practice because we're always practicing.", "o93ImT8DdQu-00073-00034664-00035072": "When things fall apart is when the the rubber hits the road", "o93ImT8DdQu-00074-00035128-00035472": "and we need to use what we've practiced for real.", "o93ImT8DdQu-00075-00035568-00036024": "It's one thing to have practiced learning to find peace. It's another to", "o93ImT8DdQu-00076-00036024-00036464": "pull on that as a resource that spiritual discipline that we've had", "o93ImT8DdQu-00077-00036464-00036872": "to help us find peace. And those spiritual practices can be", "o93ImT8DdQu-00078-00036872-00037240": "many and varied and I've talked about that in other videos,", "o93ImT8DdQu-00079-00037320-00037808": "but what's important here is our sense of interiority. So really developing that", "o93ImT8DdQu-00080-00037808-00038288": "sense of an inner life so that we have that when things fall apart.", "o93ImT8DdQu-00081-00038352-00038808": "And the third thing that I think is really important is to remember that", "o93ImT8DdQu-00082-00038808-00039240": "there are other people in your life that can be helpful. A mistake people often", "o93ImT8DdQu-00083-00039240-00039608": "make when things fall apart is to think that they need to pull", "o93ImT8DdQu-00084-00039608-00039952": "themselves up by their bootstraps, they need to solve it on their own.", "o93ImT8DdQu-00085-00040024-00040432": "It's important to have people you can trust around you. Then", "o93ImT8DdQu-00086-00040496-00040928": "trusted friends, trusted family members who will be supportive of you,", "o93ImT8DdQu-00087-00041000-00041456": "but also drawing on the expertise of professionals -- whatever kinds of", "o93ImT8DdQu-00088-00041456-00041664": "professionals may be important at that time.", "o93ImT8DdQu-00089-00041720-00042176": "You know maybe it's a job coach or a a therapist or something else that's going", "o93ImT8DdQu-00090-00042176-00042584": "to help you sort through whatever it is that has fallen apart.", "o93ImT8DdQu-00091-00042688-00043056": "So in the next three videos, I'm going to talk about those three", "o93ImT8DdQu-00092-00043128-00043696": "aspects, those three dimensions and delve into them more carefully and how they", "o93ImT8DdQu-00093-00043696-00044160": "help us when things fall apart. For now, what I'd like you to do is", "o93ImT8DdQu-00094-00044160-00044592": "subscribe to this channel, and be sure to click that bell so that you're notified", "o93ImT8DdQu-00095-00044592-00045024": "of those future videos, so that you know when these next three videos drop.", "o93ImT8DdQu-00096-00045096-00045520": "Share this video. Like it and please be aware that I really", "o93ImT8DdQu-00097-00045520-00045984": "understand that for every one of us there are times in life when things fall", "o93ImT8DdQu-00098-00045984-00046272": "apart. It's part of how life goes.", "o93ImT8DdQu-00099-00046360-00046808": "And it may not have anything to do with anything you've done but maybe all about", "o93ImT8DdQu-00100-00046808-00047168": "the circumstances we live in because things fall apart.", "o93ImT8DdQu-00101-00047232-00047784": "Thanks for your time today. I appreciate that you spend it with this video."}}, {"audio_id": "o9pPAtw_E0Y", "text": {"o9pPAtw_E0Y-00000-00000042-00000732": "to start any good documentation in a single and regular repository I give you three types", "o9pPAtw_E0Y-00001-00000732-00001506": "the number one the readme file where you're gonna put the reason why we have this this", "o9pPAtw_E0Y-00002-00001506-00002316": "repository we need to put the description the goals highlight how to use and how to start then", "o9pPAtw_E0Y-00003-00002316-00003156": "the change log where we're gonna track what happened on that software by version and the", "o9pPAtw_E0Y-00004-00003156-00004050": "last one is use the documentation inside the code README, CHANGELOG and code documentation"}}, {"audio_id": "o9soexQMGXM", "text": {"o9soexQMGXM-00000-00000523-00000721": "Hello Everyone!", "o9soexQMGXM-00001-00000721-00001311": "Today's gospel presents a beautiful conversation between a lawyer and Jesus.", "o9soexQMGXM-00002-00001311-00001830": "Five questions were raised in the conversation - two of those were posed by the lawyer and", "o9soexQMGXM-00003-00001830-00002050": "three by Jesus.", "o9soexQMGXM-00004-00002050-00002625": "The lawyer asked Jesus, \"What must I do to inherit eternal life?\"", "o9soexQMGXM-00005-00002625-00003116": "The assumption behind this question was that there are actually concrete things that we", "o9soexQMGXM-00006-00003116-00003460": "can do to inherit eternal life.", "o9soexQMGXM-00007-00003460-00003928": "The man perhaps wanted to know the answer to this question, so that he could be certain", "o9soexQMGXM-00008-00003928-00004185": "of his eternal life.", "o9soexQMGXM-00009-00004185-00004582": "What does eternal life mean?", "o9soexQMGXM-00010-00004582-00005310": "Most people think of eternal life as life after death or a never ending life in heaven.", "o9soexQMGXM-00011-00005310-00005551": "But eternal life is more than that.", "o9soexQMGXM-00012-00005551-00006246": "When the Bible speaks of eternal life, it refers to a free gift of God - a life containing", "o9soexQMGXM-00013-00006246-00006893": "peace, joy, hope, comfort and strength - that is granted to us in abundance here on earth", "o9soexQMGXM-00014-00006893-00007197": "and in heaven after we die.", "o9soexQMGXM-00015-00007197-00008047": "It is a life each one of us can experience here and now, and continue with it after death.", "o9soexQMGXM-00016-00008047-00008445": "Eternal life is part of God's Word.", "o9soexQMGXM-00017-00008445-00008889": "Therefore, as it is written in the Book of Deuteronomy (30:12-14) which we read today", "o9soexQMGXM-00018-00008889-00009645": "in our first reading, eternal life is \"not up in the sky... nor it is across the sea...", "o9soexQMGXM-00019-00009645-00010392": ". No, it is something very near to us already in our mouths and in our hearts, we only have", "o9soexQMGXM-00020-00010392-00010809": "to carry out certain things to gain it\".", "o9soexQMGXM-00021-00010809-00011286": "\"What must I do to inherit eternal life?\"", "o9soexQMGXM-00022-00011286-00011524": "the lawyer asked Jesus.", "o9soexQMGXM-00023-00011524-00012082": "As at other times, with other questions, Jesus replied with another question.", "o9soexQMGXM-00024-00012082-00012495": "Jesus asked him, \"What is written in the Law?", "o9soexQMGXM-00025-00012495-00012726": "How do you read it?\"", "o9soexQMGXM-00026-00012726-00013291": "The Law refers to hundreds of laws given to the Israelites in the Old Testament times.", "o9soexQMGXM-00027-00013291-00013765": "Sometimes the Law means the whole Old Testament Scriptures.", "o9soexQMGXM-00028-00013765-00014341": "During the time of Jesus, the people used to learn by heart some of the laws and recite", "o9soexQMGXM-00029-00014341-00014659": "them every day in the form of prayers.", "o9soexQMGXM-00030-00014659-00016567": "One such prayer is, \"Hear (hebr. shema), O Israel: The LORD our God, the LORD is one\",", "o9soexQMGXM-00031-00016567-00016679": "Deuteronomy (6:4).", "o9soexQMGXM-00032-00016679-00017857": "So knowing the Law of God, the lawyer quoted two commandments or laws, \"You shall love", "o9soexQMGXM-00033-00017857-00018756": "the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your strength,", "o9soexQMGXM-00034-00018756-00019470": "and with all your mind\", Deuteronomy (6:5), \"And your neighbour as yourself\", Leviticus", "o9soexQMGXM-00035-00019470-00019629": "(19:18).", "o9soexQMGXM-00036-00019629-00020309": "Jesus replied to him, \"You have answered correctly\", and then assured him that if He followed the", "o9soexQMGXM-00037-00020309-00020682": "Scriptures He would live.", "o9soexQMGXM-00038-00020682-00021023": "Immediately the lawyer posed a second question.", "o9soexQMGXM-00039-00021023-00021574": "He asked Jesus, \"Who is my neighbour?\"", "o9soexQMGXM-00040-00021574-00022143": "Luke writes that the lawyer's first question was intended to \"test\" Jesus.", "o9soexQMGXM-00041-00022143-00022676": "The purpose was to see how much Jesus knew, and may be, to make Jesus look ignorant.", "o9soexQMGXM-00042-00022676-00023050": "But Jesus' reply put the ball in his court.", "o9soexQMGXM-00043-00023050-00023368": "Now he was being put to the test.", "o9soexQMGXM-00044-00023368-00023887": "In order to avoid an embarrassing situation the lawyer asked the second question about", "o9soexQMGXM-00045-00023887-00024073": "who his neighbour was.", "o9soexQMGXM-00046-00024073-00024354": "He could not ask, \"Who is God?\"", "o9soexQMGXM-00047-00024354-00024701": "As a scholar of the law he was supposed to know that.", "o9soexQMGXM-00048-00024701-00025113": "He was also supposed to know who his neighbour was.", "o9soexQMGXM-00049-00025113-00026023": "So he asked the second question in an effort to \"justify\" himself.", "o9soexQMGXM-00050-00026023-00026500": "Jesus responded by telling \"The Story of the Good Samaritan\".", "o9soexQMGXM-00051-00026500-00027154": "The story was about a man, most probably a Jew, who had been beaten severely, robbed", "o9soexQMGXM-00052-00027154-00027717": "of all his belongings and left nearly dead beside the road between Jerusalem and Jericho.", "o9soexQMGXM-00053-00027717-00028251": "After a while, a Jewish priest went down the same road.", "o9soexQMGXM-00054-00028251-00028724": "As a religious man, he should have stopped to help the badly injured man.", "o9soexQMGXM-00055-00028724-00028979": "But, instead, he went past.", "o9soexQMGXM-00056-00028979-00029243": "Later, a Levite came along.", "o9soexQMGXM-00057-00029243-00029612": "Levites were assistants to the priests.", "o9soexQMGXM-00058-00029612-00029973": "He also went on without helping the man.", "o9soexQMGXM-00059-00029973-00030406": "A little later a Samaritan man came by.", "o9soexQMGXM-00060-00030406-00030947": "Now let us remember that at the time of Jesus, Samaritans were a racially mixed community", "o9soexQMGXM-00061-00030947-00031594": "with Jewish and pagan ancestry, and were the despised enemies of the Jews.", "o9soexQMGXM-00062-00031594-00032173": "Under the circumstances the Samaritan could have gone on his way and not stopped to help", "o9soexQMGXM-00063-00032173-00032325": "the wounded man.", "o9soexQMGXM-00064-00032325-00032607": "But he stopped to help him.", "o9soexQMGXM-00065-00032607-00032789": "He bandaged his wounds.", "o9soexQMGXM-00066-00032789-00033399": "He put him on his own donkey and took him to an inn where he could be safe and recover,", "o9soexQMGXM-00067-00033399-00033739": "and paid the innkeeper to take good care of him.", "o9soexQMGXM-00068-00033739-00034247": "He even promised to pay back whatsoever more upon his return.", "o9soexQMGXM-00069-00034247-00034931": "After telling this story, Jesus turned to the lawyer and asked, \"Now which of the three", "o9soexQMGXM-00070-00034931-00035411": "men that passed by was a neighbor to the injured man?\"", "o9soexQMGXM-00071-00035411-00036090": "The lawyer was forced to admit that it was \"the man who showed mercy,\" i.e., the Samaritan", "o9soexQMGXM-00072-00036090-00036680": "who treated the injured man, as the neighbor, not his fellow Jews who did nothing to help", "o9soexQMGXM-00073-00036680-00036786": "him.", "o9soexQMGXM-00074-00036786-00037152": "Jesus then said, \"Now go and do the same.\"", "o9soexQMGXM-00075-00037152-00038105": "What lessons can we learn from this gospel account?", "o9soexQMGXM-00076-00038105-00038786": "First of all, let us truly love our Lord with all our heart, and with all our soul, and", "o9soexQMGXM-00077-00038786-00039186": "with all our strength and with all our mind.", "o9soexQMGXM-00078-00039186-00039616": "Let us take the time to worship Him and praise Him.", "o9soexQMGXM-00079-00039616-00040219": "Let us put Him at the top of our list or priorities.", "o9soexQMGXM-00080-00040219-00040921": "Worship is not just what we do in church - prayers and rituals, acts and ceremonies.", "o9soexQMGXM-00081-00040921-00041617": "Let us truly worship God in church and in everyday life regardless of where we are,", "o9soexQMGXM-00082-00041617-00041853": "because we want to worship Him.", "o9soexQMGXM-00083-00041853-00042385": "Second, let us love our neighbor as ourselves.", "o9soexQMGXM-00084-00042385-00043102": "If the Samaritan could recognize the wounded Jewish man as his neighbor and cared for him,", "o9soexQMGXM-00085-00043102-00043681": "even though he was despised and hated by them, we too should do so.", "o9soexQMGXM-00086-00043681-00044421": "All are our neighbors, because all are God's children, and we must care for and love them", "o9soexQMGXM-00087-00044421-00044752": "just as the Samaritan man did.", "o9soexQMGXM-00088-00044752-00045188": "Jesus did not limit the definition of a neighbor.", "o9soexQMGXM-00089-00045188-00045430": "He expanded it to everyone.", "o9soexQMGXM-00090-00045430-00045965": "A neighbor is anyone whose need we see and are able to meet.", "o9soexQMGXM-00091-00045965-00046677": "A neighbor is anyone who is hurting; anyone who is in distress or danger; anyone in need", "o9soexQMGXM-00092-00046677-00047372": "of basic needs; anyone who needs the saving news of salvation; anyone in need of comfort", "o9soexQMGXM-00093-00047372-00048106": "and hope, anyone who suffers from not only physical illness but also emotional illness", "o9soexQMGXM-00094-00048106-00048540": "and spiritual illness.", "o9soexQMGXM-00095-00048540-00049156": "Do you know someone who is hurting inside and outside?", "o9soexQMGXM-00096-00049156-00049859": "The person could be in our own families or community or at our work places.", "o9soexQMGXM-00097-00049859-00050325": "Try to help the person to heal the pain.", "o9soexQMGXM-00098-00050325-00050627": "Do you know someone who is hungry?", "o9soexQMGXM-00099-00050627-00050917": "Try to feed the person.", "o9soexQMGXM-00100-00050917-00051295": "Do you know someone who is lost in darkness?", "o9soexQMGXM-00101-00051295-00052107": "That person could be our own brother or sister or parent or even God parent or friend.", "o9soexQMGXM-00102-00052107-00052538": "Try to bring the message of salvation to them.", "o9soexQMGXM-00103-00052538-00053150": "Let us remember that every human being who suffers from not only physical wounding, but", "o9soexQMGXM-00104-00053150-00053708": "also wounds to the spirit and soul is our neighbor.", "o9soexQMGXM-00105-00053708-00054654": "Let our love for God truly manifest in our compassion, in our loving kindness and care", "o9soexQMGXM-00106-00054654-00055389": "for all those who are near and far, our families and friends, and also those who dislike us,", "o9soexQMGXM-00107-00055389-00055630": "hate us and despise us.", "o9soexQMGXM-00108-00055630-00055730": "Amen.", "o9soexQMGXM-00109-00055730-00055791": "God Bless You!"}}, {"audio_id": "o9tQ6XxhNTg", "text": {"o9tQ6XxhNTg-00000-00000068-00000381": "Welcome to Module 2 - the first 10 minutes.", "o9tQ6XxhNTg-00001-00000381-00000810": "Last week, we sent students a welcome letter and this week they're arriving in class.", "o9tQ6XxhNTg-00002-00000810-00001176": "Your homepage is really the first impression of your course.", "o9tQ6XxhNTg-00003-00001176-00001439": "And, as we know, first impressions are important.", "o9tQ6XxhNTg-00004-00001439-00001822": "They can even help determine if students decide to stay in the class or not.", "o9tQ6XxhNTg-00005-00001822-00002248": "So, having a welcoming homepage is really important.", "o9tQ6XxhNTg-00006-00002248-00002572": "Having clear instructions on the welcome page is also really important.", "o9tQ6XxhNTg-00007-00002572-00002828": "Because when students first get to a class,", "o9tQ6XxhNTg-00008-00002828-00003058": "they're like being dropped off in a whole new town.", "o9tQ6XxhNTg-00009-00003058-00003372": "Because each of us builds our course a little bit differently,", "o9tQ6XxhNTg-00010-00003372-00003638": "it can be kind of disorienting when you first enter into a class.", "o9tQ6XxhNTg-00011-00003638-00004146": "So, make sure you homepage has very clear instructions on what students need to do next.", "o9tQ6XxhNTg-00012-00004146-00004802": "Actually, a really great way to make sure your homepage is clear is to do user testing. Where you", "o9tQ6XxhNTg-00013-00004802-00005442": "give the course to someone that isn't part of the class (a friend or family member, or something)", "o9tQ6XxhNTg-00014-00005442-00005793": "and see if they can figure out where they need to go next.", "o9tQ6XxhNTg-00015-00005793-00005970": "That can be really helpful.", "o9tQ6XxhNTg-00016-00005970-00006284": "In this class, we're going to use peer review", "o9tQ6XxhNTg-00017-00006284-00006631": "to help us get a sense of how others interact with our course.", "o9tQ6XxhNTg-00018-00006631-00006923": "So, this week, you're going to do peer review", "o9tQ6XxhNTg-00019-00006923-00007208": "of the welcome letter that you wrote last week.", "o9tQ6XxhNTg-00020-00007208-00007550": "So, you're going to review your group-mates' letters this week.", "o9tQ6XxhNTg-00021-00007550-00008000": "You're also going to discuss and design a homepage.", "o9tQ6XxhNTg-00022-00008000-00008300": "So, that's week 2. I hope you have a wonderful time.", "o9tQ6XxhNTg-00023-00008300-00008600": "And, let us know if you have any questions."}}, {"audio_id": "o9EBqY1HQCU", "text": {"o9EBqY1HQCU-00000-00000000-00000003": "FGCFGXDGXDFXDCX"}}, {"audio_id": "orrNmRKucR0", "text": {"orrNmRKucR0-00000-00000646-00000953": "Where the kitchens are", "orrNmRKucR0-00001-00001002-00001252": "the pleasure is.", "orrNmRKucR0-00002-00001296-00001818": "Here are the nominees for the best \"Christine\"", "orrNmRKucR0-00003-00002306-00002506": "\"Lonedone Colline\"", "orrNmRKucR0-00004-00002534-00002744": "\"President of the USK\"", "orrNmRKucR0-00005-00002856-00003056": "\"The Cougar\"", "orrNmRKucR0-00006-00003150-00003400": "And the Oscar goes to...", "orrNmRKucR0-00007-00003678-00003878": "\"Lonedone Colline\"", "orrNmRKucR0-00008-00004494-00004738": "I love you, I love you !", "orrNmRKucR0-00009-00004770-00004990": "Thank you ! Thank you !", "orrNmRKucR0-00010-00004990-00005190": "I love you !", "orrNmRKucR0-00011-00005698-00005918": "Can you repeat please ?", "orrNmRKucR0-00012-00006022-00006190": "Je vais revoir ma leçon."}}, {"audio_id": "oryRGfM4qyg", "text": {"oryRGfM4qyg-00000-00000034-00000426": "Hi guys, it me ITman.", "oryRGfM4qyg-00001-00000426-00000770": "In today video I am going to show you proces of building legs for my wooden workbench.", "oryRGfM4qyg-00002-00000770-00001100": "I hope you will enjoy this video.", "oryRGfM4qyg-00003-00001118-00001500": "Dont forget to leave a coment and subscribe.", "oryRGfM4qyg-00004-00047292-00053979": "Guys i put top on legs, so now you can see how it will looks like in final.", "oryRGfM4qyg-00005-00053979-00054532": "The top in not currenly connected, it is just laying down.", "oryRGfM4qyg-00006-00054532-00054814": "It is not big one.", "oryRGfM4qyg-00007-00054814-00055361": "I hope so that it will stay for a long time.", "oryRGfM4qyg-00008-00055361-00055937": "I would like to say thank to Wranglerstar that realy inspire my.", "oryRGfM4qyg-00009-00055937-00056487": "Second man that i want to thank is Paul Sellers.", "oryRGfM4qyg-00010-00056487-00057350": "Old man that has realy good videos how to make some staff with wood, sharpening, how", "oryRGfM4qyg-00011-00057350-00057951": "to make mortise and tenon and all other staff.", "oryRGfM4qyg-00012-00057951-00058210": "He realy inspire my.", "oryRGfM4qyg-00013-00058210-00058554": "I am not a carpenter.", "oryRGfM4qyg-00014-00058554-00059092": "I am just man that plaing with wood and likes to do it."}}, {"audio_id": "orOW3ovzDZu", "text": {"orOW3ovzDZu-00000-00000398-00000747": "My family lived in New Guinea and", "orOW3ovzDZu-00001-00000747-00000945": "we had to leave very quickly at the", "orOW3ovzDZu-00002-00000945-00001122": "outbreak of the second world war.", "orOW3ovzDZu-00003-00001122-00001359": "The Japanese were already bombing Port Moresby", "orOW3ovzDZu-00004-00001359-00001601": "and my father had invested in", "orOW3ovzDZu-00005-00001696-00002021": "waterfront property around Sydney Harbour.", "orOW3ovzDZu-00006-00002021-00002322": "It was so important to him to see the beauty", "orOW3ovzDZu-00007-00002322-00002645": "of the landscape of Sydney Harbour and", "orOW3ovzDZu-00008-00002645-00003096": "as children we were taught to respect nature,", "orOW3ovzDZu-00009-00003096-00003358": "but not just to respect it, to love it.", "orOW3ovzDZu-00010-00003358-00003621": "When you look at nature and for me", "orOW3ovzDZu-00011-00003621-00003988": "in architecture, nature has beautiful story.", "orOW3ovzDZu-00012-00004169-00004478": "You look at the strength of our flora", "orOW3ovzDZu-00013-00004618-00004904": "but also look at the delicacy at the same time.", "orOW3ovzDZu-00014-00004904-00005212": "So there's a strength and a delicacy.", "orOW3ovzDZu-00015-00005344-00005717": "I have endeavoured in my career to try", "orOW3ovzDZu-00016-00005717-00006053": "and understand this landscape of ours", "orOW3ovzDZu-00017-00006053-00006359": "and be able to integrate these elements.", "orOW3ovzDZu-00018-00006359-00006744": "Not in a determined way but in a very relaxed way.", "orOW3ovzDZu-00019-00006744-00007046": "I want an architecture that's quiet and", "orOW3ovzDZu-00020-00007046-00007205": "the more you start to see it,", "orOW3ovzDZu-00021-00007205-00007505": "the more you start to understand it.", "orOW3ovzDZu-00022-00007651-00008001": "The roots of architecture remain relevant.", "orOW3ovzDZu-00023-00008268-00008632": "If you go beyond the roots of architecture,", "orOW3ovzDZu-00024-00008632-00008966": "about space, about order, about structure,", "orOW3ovzDZu-00025-00008966-00009311": "about understanding nature and structure.", "orOW3ovzDZu-00026-00009311-00009561": "So there's cultural history, there's typology,", "orOW3ovzDZu-00027-00009561-00009851": "there's morphology, there's materiality.", "orOW3ovzDZu-00028-00009851-00010073": "Then there's the understanding of the topography.", "orOW3ovzDZu-00029-00010073-00010226": "So you're going to get buildings going", "orOW3ovzDZu-00030-00010226-00010478": "up a hill like this in a higher density", "orOW3ovzDZu-00031-00010478-00010672": "area or moving like this down a hill.", "orOW3ovzDZu-00032-00010672-00010972": "These are the sort of things that you're dealing with.", "orOW3ovzDZu-00033-00010972-00011129": "And in portraiture there's got to be", "orOW3ovzDZu-00034-00011129-00011505": "that centre of interest, a balance, balance.", "orOW3ovzDZu-00035-00011505-00011789": "There's got to be light, a quality of light.", "orOW3ovzDZu-00036-00011789-00011994": "Depending upon whether there's", "orOW3ovzDZu-00037-00011994-00012291": "required transparency or solidity.", "orOW3ovzDZu-00038-00012291-00012484": "These are the sort of things that we", "orOW3ovzDZu-00039-00012484-00012668": "as architects work in a certain way.", "orOW3ovzDZu-00040-00012668-00013035": "Painters are like doing work in another way.", "orOW3ovzDZu-00041-00013330-00013712": "Ken Done has known me for a long time.", "orOW3ovzDZu-00042-00013712-00013837": "And he observes", "orOW3ovzDZu-00043-00014059-00014209": "the minimal nature", "orOW3ovzDZu-00044-00014405-00014488": "of a form", "orOW3ovzDZu-00045-00014657-00014924": "and tries in a very economic way", "orOW3ovzDZu-00046-00015020-00015329": "to describe that form in single line.", "orOW3ovzDZu-00047-00015453-00015578": "For me, that is", "orOW3ovzDZu-00048-00015789-00016011": "very much the way I work", "orOW3ovzDZu-00049-00016011-00016230": "because I'm also looking at a", "orOW3ovzDZu-00050-00016230-00016555": "very economic way of developing spaces.", "orOW3ovzDZu-00051-00016963-00017280": "For the 45 years I've been in practise", "orOW3ovzDZu-00052-00017439-00017789": "it has been a sole practise without staff.", "orOW3ovzDZu-00053-00017935-00018249": "I've recognised that if I want the standard", "orOW3ovzDZu-00054-00018249-00018591": "and the level that I want to achieve,", "orOW3ovzDZu-00055-00018591-00018858": "then I can do it rather quickly.", "orOW3ovzDZu-00056-00018973-00019195": "I don't want to have to deal with", "orOW3ovzDZu-00057-00019195-00019495": "personality clashes in practises.", "orOW3ovzDZu-00058-00019495-00019834": "I don't want to have to deal with having to chase money.", "orOW3ovzDZu-00059-00019834-00019979": "I don't want to have to deal with", "orOW3ovzDZu-00060-00019979-00020217": "all those other dreadful aspects.", "orOW3ovzDZu-00061-00020217-00020445": "I realised that I could get through an", "orOW3ovzDZu-00062-00020445-00020737": "enormous amount if I was dedicated.", "orOW3ovzDZu-00063-00021018-00021357": "If the work is bad it's my responsibility.", "orOW3ovzDZu-00064-00021357-00021816": "If it comes out well, thank goodness, that's very pleasing.", "orOW3ovzDZu-00065-00021816-00022232": "And so I was minimising the risk of doing terrible things.", "orOW3ovzDZu-00066-00022516-00022866": "I am very happy at the age of over 80 now,", "orOW3ovzDZu-00067-00023063-00023434": "still practising like mad and still", "orOW3ovzDZu-00068-00023434-00023784": "enjoying it as I did as a young architect."}}, {"audio_id": "osmGXNIvt2g", "text": {"osmGXNIvt2g-00000-00000677-00000998": "the code people or involved from", "osmGXNIvt2g-00001-00000998-00001365": "minute one looking at our design that typically they're not doing a", "osmGXNIvt2g-00002-00001365-00001590": "structural analysis of it.", "osmGXNIvt2g-00003-00001590-00001843": "They believe that to the structural engineer", "osmGXNIvt2g-00004-00001843-00002340": "but i think they understand when the structural engineer shows this", "osmGXNIvt2g-00005-00002340-00002713": "much re-bar in the wall, they're also looking to see there's that much", "osmGXNIvt2g-00006-00002713-00002851": "re bar in the wall", "osmGXNIvt2g-00007-00002851-00003212": "it is that you know they're involved the special inspector, the", "osmGXNIvt2g-00008-00003212-00003425": "contractor, even the owners", "osmGXNIvt2g-00009-00003425-00003951": "through this whole process it is really a team process to make sure that", "osmGXNIvt2g-00010-00003951-00004149": "in the end of this", "osmGXNIvt2g-00011-00004149-00004347": "this shelter", "osmGXNIvt2g-00012-00004347-00004419": "what it needs to do"}}, {"audio_id": "osnEplrwPfY", "text": {"osnEplrwPfY-00000-00000010-00000080": "ESSENTIA PATIENTS IN NORTH", "osnEplrwPfY-00001-00000080-00000086": "ESSENTIA PATIENTS IN NORTH", "osnEplrwPfY-00002-00000086-00000236": "ESSENTIA PATIENTS IN NORTH DAKOTA, MINNESOTA AND WISCONSIN.", "osnEplrwPfY-00003-00000236-00000243": "ESSENTIA PATIENTS IN NORTH DAKOTA, MINNESOTA AND WISCONSIN.", "osnEplrwPfY-00004-00000243-00000336": "ESSENTIA PATIENTS IN NORTH DAKOTA, MINNESOTA AND WISCONSIN. >>> PROFESSIONALS FROM ALL OVER", "osnEplrwPfY-00005-00000336-00000343": "DAKOTA, MINNESOTA AND WISCONSIN. >>> PROFESSIONALS FROM ALL OVER", "osnEplrwPfY-00006-00000343-00000497": "DAKOTA, MINNESOTA AND WISCONSIN. >>> PROFESSIONALS FROM ALL OVER  THE WORLD WILL BE IN MINNESOTA", "osnEplrwPfY-00007-00000497-00000503": ">>> PROFESSIONALS FROM ALL OVER  THE WORLD WILL BE IN MINNESOTA", "osnEplrwPfY-00008-00000503-00000657": ">>> PROFESSIONALS FROM ALL OVER  THE WORLD WILL BE IN MINNESOTA THIS MONTH FOR THE THIRD ANNUAL", "osnEplrwPfY-00009-00000657-00000663": "THE WORLD WILL BE IN MINNESOTA THIS MONTH FOR THE THIRD ANNUAL", "osnEplrwPfY-00010-00000663-00000814": "THE WORLD WILL BE IN MINNESOTA THIS MONTH FOR THE THIRD ANNUAL  AQUATIC INVADERS SUMMIT.", "osnEplrwPfY-00011-00000814-00000820": "THIS MONTH FOR THE THIRD ANNUAL  AQUATIC INVADERS SUMMIT.", "osnEplrwPfY-00012-00000820-00001077": "THIS MONTH FOR THE THIRD ANNUAL  AQUATIC INVADERS SUMMIT. THE SUMMIT IS THE PLACE WHERE", "osnEplrwPfY-00013-00001077-00001084": "AQUATIC INVADERS SUMMIT. THE SUMMIT IS THE PLACE WHERE", "osnEplrwPfY-00014-00001084-00001247": "AQUATIC INVADERS SUMMIT. THE SUMMIT IS THE PLACE WHERE  EVERYONE IN THE LAKE", "osnEplrwPfY-00015-00001247-00001254": "THE SUMMIT IS THE PLACE WHERE  EVERYONE IN THE LAKE", "osnEplrwPfY-00016-00001254-00001321": "THE SUMMIT IS THE PLACE WHERE  EVERYONE IN THE LAKE INDUSTRY AND COMMUNITY MEMBERS", "osnEplrwPfY-00017-00001321-00001327": "EVERYONE IN THE LAKE INDUSTRY AND COMMUNITY MEMBERS", "osnEplrwPfY-00018-00001327-00001411": "EVERYONE IN THE LAKE INDUSTRY AND COMMUNITY MEMBERS  CAN GATHER AND SHARE INFORMATION", "osnEplrwPfY-00019-00001411-00001418": "INDUSTRY AND COMMUNITY MEMBERS  CAN GATHER AND SHARE INFORMATION", "osnEplrwPfY-00020-00001418-00001524": "INDUSTRY AND COMMUNITY MEMBERS  CAN GATHER AND SHARE INFORMATION ABOUT AQUATIC INVASIVE SPECIES.", "osnEplrwPfY-00021-00001524-00001531": "CAN GATHER AND SHARE INFORMATION ABOUT AQUATIC INVASIVE SPECIES.", "osnEplrwPfY-00022-00001531-00001718": "CAN GATHER AND SHARE INFORMATION ABOUT AQUATIC INVASIVE SPECIES. EXPERTS WILL TALK ABOUT THEIR", "osnEplrwPfY-00023-00001718-00001725": "ABOUT AQUATIC INVASIVE SPECIES. EXPERTS WILL TALK ABOUT THEIR", "osnEplrwPfY-00024-00001725-00001938": "ABOUT AQUATIC INVASIVE SPECIES. EXPERTS WILL TALK ABOUT THEIR  RESEARCH ON NEW SPECIES", "osnEplrwPfY-00025-00001938-00001945": "EXPERTS WILL TALK ABOUT THEIR  RESEARCH ON NEW SPECIES", "osnEplrwPfY-00026-00001945-00002088": "EXPERTS WILL TALK ABOUT THEIR  RESEARCH ON NEW SPECIES THEY HAVE FOUND AS WELL AS SHARE", "osnEplrwPfY-00027-00002088-00002095": "RESEARCH ON NEW SPECIES THEY HAVE FOUND AS WELL AS SHARE", "osnEplrwPfY-00028-00002095-00002162": "RESEARCH ON NEW SPECIES THEY HAVE FOUND AS WELL AS SHARE WAYS ON HOW TO PREVENT SPECIES", "osnEplrwPfY-00029-00002162-00002168": "THEY HAVE FOUND AS WELL AS SHARE WAYS ON HOW TO PREVENT SPECIES", "osnEplrwPfY-00030-00002168-00002298": "THEY HAVE FOUND AS WELL AS SHARE WAYS ON HOW TO PREVENT SPECIES FROM SPREADING.", "osnEplrwPfY-00031-00002298-00002305": "WAYS ON HOW TO PREVENT SPECIES FROM SPREADING.", "osnEplrwPfY-00032-00002305-00002405": "WAYS ON HOW TO PREVENT SPECIES FROM SPREADING. THIS YEAR'S EVENT WILL BE HELD", "osnEplrwPfY-00033-00002405-00002412": "FROM SPREADING. THIS YEAR'S EVENT WILL BE HELD", "osnEplrwPfY-00034-00002412-00002569": "FROM SPREADING. THIS YEAR'S EVENT WILL BE HELD  AT THE EARLE BROWN", "osnEplrwPfY-00035-00002569-00002575": "THIS YEAR'S EVENT WILL BE HELD  AT THE EARLE BROWN", "osnEplrwPfY-00036-00002575-00003803": "THIS YEAR'S EVENT WILL BE HELD  AT THE EARLE BROWN HERITAGE CENTER IN MINNEAPOLIS.", "osnEplrwPfY-00037-00003803-00003810": "AT THE EARLE BROWN HERITAGE CENTER IN MINNEAPOLIS.", "osnEplrwPfY-00038-00003810-00004090": "AT THE EARLE BROWN HERITAGE CENTER IN MINNEAPOLIS. >> RESEARCH INTO HOW THEY", "osnEplrwPfY-00039-00004090-00004097": "HERITAGE CENTER IN MINNEAPOLIS. >> RESEARCH INTO HOW THEY", "osnEplrwPfY-00040-00004097-00004347": "HERITAGE CENTER IN MINNEAPOLIS. >> RESEARCH INTO HOW THEY  SPREAD, LOOKS AT FISHERIES", "osnEplrwPfY-00041-00004347-00004354": ">> RESEARCH INTO HOW THEY  SPREAD, LOOKS AT FISHERIES", "osnEplrwPfY-00042-00004354-00004667": ">> RESEARCH INTO HOW THEY  SPREAD, LOOKS AT FISHERIES  MANAGEMENT, WHAT ARE THE IMPACTS", "osnEplrwPfY-00043-00004667-00004674": "SPREAD, LOOKS AT FISHERIES  MANAGEMENT, WHAT ARE THE IMPACTS", "osnEplrwPfY-00044-00004674-00005018": "SPREAD, LOOKS AT FISHERIES  MANAGEMENT, WHAT ARE THE IMPACTS OF AIS ON OUR FISHERIES WITH", "osnEplrwPfY-00045-00005018-00005025": "MANAGEMENT, WHAT ARE THE IMPACTS OF AIS ON OUR FISHERIES WITH", "osnEplrwPfY-00046-00005025-00005191": "MANAGEMENT, WHAT ARE THE IMPACTS OF AIS ON OUR FISHERIES WITH  KIND OF A FOCUS AND WHAT MIGHT", "osnEplrwPfY-00047-00005191-00005198": "OF AIS ON OUR FISHERIES WITH  KIND OF A FOCUS AND WHAT MIGHT", "osnEplrwPfY-00048-00005198-00005311": "OF AIS ON OUR FISHERIES WITH  KIND OF A FOCUS AND WHAT MIGHT  HAPPEN IN THE FUTURE.", "osnEplrwPfY-00049-00005311-00005318": "KIND OF A FOCUS AND WHAT MIGHT  HAPPEN IN THE FUTURE.", "osnEplrwPfY-00050-00005318-00005405": "KIND OF A FOCUS AND WHAT MIGHT  HAPPEN IN THE FUTURE. >> THE SUMMIT WILL RUN FROM", "osnEplrwPfY-00051-00005405-00005412": "HAPPEN IN THE FUTURE. >> THE SUMMIT WILL RUN FROM", "osnEplrwPfY-00052-00005412-00005515": "HAPPEN IN THE FUTURE. >> THE SUMMIT WILL RUN FROM  FEBRUARY 28TH TO MARCH 1ST.", "osnEplrwPfY-00053-00005515-00005522": ">> THE SUMMIT WILL RUN FROM  FEBRUARY 28TH TO MARCH 1ST.", "osnEplrwPfY-00054-00005522-00005612": ">> THE SUMMIT WILL RUN FROM  FEBRUARY 28TH TO MARCH 1ST. THOSE INTERESTED CAN REGISTER", "osnEplrwPfY-00055-00005612-00005618": "FEBRUARY 28TH TO MARCH 1ST. THOSE INTERESTED CAN REGISTER", "osnEplrwPfY-00056-00005618-00005792": "FEBRUARY 28TH TO MARCH 1ST. THOSE INTERESTED CAN REGISTER  ONLINE AT"}}, {"audio_id": "osoSqzyRF9g", "text": {"osoSqzyRF9g-00000-00000136-00000456": "didn't get affected in any way by uploading this video, and i'm really happy that", "osoSqzyRF9g-00001-00000536-00000704": "it was subtitled since the beginning."}}, {"audio_id": "osv4jcihrcQ", "text": {"osv4jcihrcQ-00000-00000646-00000846": "Os Chileans – Guardiões do Patrimônio (The Chileans – custodians of the patrimony)", "osv4jcihrcQ-00001-00001416-00001754": "We are a small country to the west of Latin America", "osv4jcihrcQ-00002-00001886-00002086": "Between a mountain range and the sea", "osv4jcihrcQ-00003-00002086-00002402": "There live women and men who dream a better world", "osv4jcihrcQ-00004-00002482-00002734": "seem invisible before our eyes", "osv4jcihrcQ-00005-00002792-00003134": "perhaps because we still do not understand their message", "osv4jcihrcQ-00006-00003194-00003382": "they speak with their actions", "osv4jcihrcQ-00007-00003382-00003715": "they want to leave us their wise treasure as heredity", "osv4jcihrcQ-00008-00003861-00004174": "The salt and the water that feeds our lives", "osv4jcihrcQ-00009-00005648-00005874": "When I got married", "osv4jcihrcQ-00010-00005874-00006118": "the first thing that my mother gave me", "osv4jcihrcQ-00011-00006118-00006350": "were the hens and the seeds", "osv4jcihrcQ-00012-00006573-00006912": "Then she delivered to me in my hands a responsibility", "osv4jcihrcQ-00013-00006984-00007278": "of which I had to keep on multiplying this seed", "osv4jcihrcQ-00014-00007328-00007778": "and taking care of it across all the time that one  exists in this ground.", "osv4jcihrcQ-00015-00007954-00008616": "To be a healer of seeds is a person who has a very special gift", "osv4jcihrcQ-00016-00008664-00009480": "who has the love and has the knowledge and the knowledge to be able to take care of them", "osv4jcihrcQ-00017-00009480-00010212": "to refresh them, he knows their time of germination, their state of growth, everything", "osv4jcihrcQ-00018-00012368-00013138": "These houses, these places, these ways, these people", "osv4jcihrcQ-00019-00013274-00013691": "Now there are no the trees that were seen earlier", "osv4jcihrcQ-00020-00013691-00014163": "that were the oaks, the cinnamon tree, the boldo, the litre", "osv4jcihrcQ-00021-00014163-00014410": "And all these trees that were typical of here", "osv4jcihrcQ-00022-00014410-00014610": "like you see: what do you see?", "osv4jcihrcQ-00023-00014610-00014810": "Eucaliptus and pine", "osv4jcihrcQ-00024-00014969-00015688": "There are nice houses, in that we are well, it has been better in other aspects to the people", "osv4jcihrcQ-00025-00015688-00016096": "but they have transformed everything that is the geography of the ground."}}, {"audio_id": "os-0Jk2g718", "text": {"os-0Jk2g718-00000-00000109-00000320": "Radio Chatter)", "os-0Jk2g718-00001-00000370-00000680": "(Music)", "os-0Jk2g718-00002-00000706-00001081": "Hi and welcome to SITREP, Army news that affects you!", "os-0Jk2g718-00003-00001146-00001659": "It’s the holiday season, which brings a time of family, friends, food, and festivities", "os-0Jk2g718-00004-00001729-00001931": "but this time of year can also be challenging.", "os-0Jk2g718-00005-00001973-00002254": "Many people find themselves dealing with the holiday blues", "os-0Jk2g718-00006-00002293-00002594": "and can become sad, lonely or even depressed.", "os-0Jk2g718-00007-00002689-00002978": "There's many reasons that people can find themselves struggling during the holidays", "os-0Jk2g718-00008-00003017-00003145": "reminders of lost loved ones", "os-0Jk2g718-00009-00003177-00003450": "pressure to feel merry and financial hardships are just a few", "os-0Jk2g718-00010-00003544-00003900": "but Military Families can add one more important reason to the list", "os-0Jk2g718-00011-00003935-00004020": "deployments.", "os-0Jk2g718-00012-00004090-00004552": "Coping with deployments can take a toll on emotional well-being under  normal circumstances,", "os-0Jk2g718-00013-00004599-00005001": "and this could be increased if a Service Member is away from their family during this  important time.", "os-0Jk2g718-00014-00005107-00005249": "So what are some signs that you or", "os-0Jk2g718-00015-00005270-00005516": "a loved one may be suffering from the holiday blues?", "os-0Jk2g718-00016-00005585-00005975": "Some obvious clues are withdrawing from fun and social activities, reflecting on loss,", "os-0Jk2g718-00017-00006006-00006366": "ambivalence, excessive drinking, unrealistic expectations,", "os-0Jk2g718-00018-00006450-00006684": "or a sadness that affects a quality of life", "os-0Jk2g718-00019-00006764-00007009": "If you or someone you know seems to be feeling the blues", "os-0Jk2g718-00020-00007060-00007243": "you can do one or all of the following:", "os-0Jk2g718-00021-00007315-00007712": "Take it one day at a time, think of it as Thanksgiving Day, or New Year’s Day.", "os-0Jk2g718-00022-00007772-00008118": "It can be easier to think \"I can get through today\" rather than thinking", "os-0Jk2g718-00023-00008152-00008311": "\"I can get through this season.\"", "os-0Jk2g718-00024-00008410-00008620": "Get in touch with family members by SKYPE", "os-0Jk2g718-00025-00008639-00009146": "writing letters, visiting or making phone calls…anything you need to get in touch.", "os-0Jk2g718-00026-00009233-00009340": "Avoid retail therapy-", "os-0Jk2g718-00027-00009406-00009550": "fight the temptation to overspend", "os-0Jk2g718-00028-00009585-00009866": "as this can leads to increased stress  when the credit card bills arrive.", "os-0Jk2g718-00029-00009940-00010241": "Have fun--it's normal to be sociable during the holidays", "os-0Jk2g718-00030-00010258-00010548": "even if your loved one is not available to attend events with you", "os-0Jk2g718-00031-00010636-00010903": "Ask for help. You don't need to face it alone", "os-0Jk2g718-00032-00010962-00011148": "depend on family and friends to help you.", "os-0Jk2g718-00033-00011247-00011694": "Reach out- there are anonymous chat-lines that are available 24/7", "os-0Jk2g718-00034-00011744-00011973": "that give you the opportunity to talk without embarrassment", "os-0Jk2g718-00035-00012035-00012187": "no matter your level of sadness.", "os-0Jk2g718-00036-00012270-00012624": "For more information and resources go to militarymentalhealth.org.", "os-0Jk2g718-00037-00012680-00012860": "and if you have questions or topic ideas for SITREP", "os-0Jk2g718-00038-00012898-00013034": "let us know on facebook and twitter.", "os-0Jk2g718-00039-00013078-00013247": "Sergeant Martin, signing off.", "os-0Jk2g718-00040-00013276-00013366": "(Radio Chatter)", "os-0Jk2g718-00041-00013398-00014345": "(Music)"}}, {"audio_id": "oseJaaeQsrU", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "otdnbzAka7k", "text": {"otdnbzAka7k-00000-00000000-00000999": "SCP-2501 the claw | object class safe", "otdnbzAka7k-00001-00001125-00001490": "Item #: SCP-2501", "otdnbzAka7k-00002-00001490-00001757": "Object Class: Safe", "otdnbzAka7k-00003-00001757-00002487": "Special Containment Procedures: SCP-2501 is to be kept in Storage Vault 3-H at Research", "otdnbzAka7k-00004-00002487-00002714": "Site-45.", "otdnbzAka7k-00005-00002714-00003382": "Only personnel with special exemption keycards will be allowed to access SCP-2501.", "otdnbzAka7k-00006-00003382-00004082": "However, the use and/or misuse of SCP-2501 is still strictly prohibited, punishable up", "otdnbzAka7k-00007-00004082-00004325": "to termination.", "otdnbzAka7k-00008-00004325-00005030": "All previous documentation and research regarding SCP-2501 is to be kept on high security Foundation", "otdnbzAka7k-00009-00005030-00005193": "servers.", "otdnbzAka7k-00010-00005193-00005837": "Because of the destructive potential of SCP-2501, special exemption keycards will only be granted", "otdnbzAka7k-00011-00005837-00006351": "under special authorization from the O5 council.", "otdnbzAka7k-00012-00006351-00006920": "Description: SCP-2501 is a mechanical gauntlet designed to be adapted to a human hand and", "otdnbzAka7k-00013-00006920-00007020": "forearm.", "otdnbzAka7k-00014-00007020-00007759": "SCP-2501 is made of an unknown lightweight material and is powered through unknown means.", "otdnbzAka7k-00015-00007759-00008483": "SCP-2501 shows no markings or numbers to give any indication of an origin or manufacturer.", "otdnbzAka7k-00016-00008483-00009101": "SCP-2501 appears to be in need of maintenance, although knowledge of repairing certain defective", "otdnbzAka7k-00017-00009101-00009553": "mechanisms is currently beyond Foundation researchers.", "otdnbzAka7k-00018-00009553-00010164": "A key-operated safety switch is installed on the underside of SCP-2501, although it", "otdnbzAka7k-00019-00010164-00010682": "appears to be defective due to the key being dislocated inside the lock cylinder, thereby", "otdnbzAka7k-00020-00010682-00011121": "keeping it affixed in the position labeled with the word 'ВКЛ.'", "otdnbzAka7k-00021-00011121-00011634": "Russian abbreviation for 'ВКЛЮЧЕНО', translated as 'ON' in English.", "otdnbzAka7k-00022-00011634-00012725": "There is also a slightly corroded rotary control knob located on the left side of the \"wrist\".", "otdnbzAka7k-00023-00012725-00013158": "This knob is locked to the furthest clockwise position and will not turn counter-clockwise.", "otdnbzAka7k-00024-00013158-00013916": "The setting labels are too worn to be decipherable, but are hypothesized to be numbers in increasing", "otdnbzAka7k-00025-00013916-00014088": "range.", "otdnbzAka7k-00026-00014088-00014776": "SCP-2501's anomalous properties manifest whenever a user inserts his/her arm into the socket", "otdnbzAka7k-00027-00014776-00015178": "and engages the claw-like mechanism at the opposite end.", "otdnbzAka7k-00028-00015178-00015788": "When held in front of the user's face, SCP-2501 is able to exert an extreme amount of pressure", "otdnbzAka7k-00029-00015788-00016377": "on an object within the perspective of the user in relation to the claw-like mechanism.", "otdnbzAka7k-00030-00016377-00017024": "No upper limit on the amount of pressure SCP-2501 can exert has yet been observed.", "otdnbzAka7k-00031-00017024-00017819": "SCP-2501 is not able to perform more dexterous functions beyond rapidly opening and closing.", "otdnbzAka7k-00032-00017819-00018287": "Distance from the user to an object does not affect the end result; neither does density", "otdnbzAka7k-00033-00018287-00018487": "or size of the object.", "otdnbzAka7k-00034-00018487-00018968": "The object during this process always behaves as if two invisible forces are exerting against", "otdnbzAka7k-00035-00018968-00019329": "it at opposite ends, to the point of structural failure.", "otdnbzAka7k-00036-00019329-00019968": "Using SCP-2501 on media such as fluids or gases has no effect.", "otdnbzAka7k-00037-00019968-00020718": "Experimental Test Logs 2501-11 Subject: Research technician using SCP-2501", "otdnbzAka7k-00038-00020718-00021010": "on designated items.", "otdnbzAka7k-00039-00021010-00021534": "Procedure: SCP-2501 used normally as its designed function.", "otdnbzAka7k-00040-00021534-00021991": "Results: TEST ITEM DISTANCE RESULT COMMENTS", "otdnbzAka7k-00041-00021991-00023085": "001 Steel Soup Can (Full) 1m Destroyed via Compression Can crushed to a thickness of", "otdnbzAka7k-00042-00023085-00023340": "0.08mm.", "otdnbzAka7k-00043-00023340-00023637": "Soup had to be cleaned off of lab equipment.", "otdnbzAka7k-00044-00023637-00024009": "It was recommended that future testing be conducted outside.", "otdnbzAka7k-00045-00024009-00025020": "002 Solid Steel Cylinder (Diameter: 8cm) 20m Flattened Cylinder was compressed into a disc", "otdnbzAka7k-00046-00025020-00025526": "measuring 1.6m in diameter and a thickness of 2mm.", "otdnbzAka7k-00047-00025526-00026674": "003 1962 Buick LeSabre (Decommissioned from light vehicle pool) 100m Destroyed via Compression", "otdnbzAka7k-00048-00026674-00027005": "Car crushed lengthwise to a thickness of 19cm.", "otdnbzAka7k-00049-00027005-00028070": "004 M3 Stuart Light Tank (Decommissioned from MTF arsenal) 200m Destroyed via Compression", "otdnbzAka7k-00050-00028070-00028389": "Tank crushed to a thickness of 84cm.", "otdnbzAka7k-00051-00028389-00028868": "Upon further analysis, the steel armor has seemingly fused together due to the extreme", "otdnbzAka7k-00052-00028868-00029244": "heat generated during the process.", "otdnbzAka7k-00053-00029244-00030205": "005 Concrete Block (1m3) 100m Disintegrated Block exploded violently into fragments.", "otdnbzAka7k-00054-00030205-00030485": "Nothing was found larger than 3cm.", "otdnbzAka7k-00055-00030485-00030763": "Minor injuries sustained by staff.", "otdnbzAka7k-00056-00030763-00031066": "Recommended increasing minimum safe distances.", "otdnbzAka7k-00057-00031066-00031920": "006 Concrete Block (1m3) 4km FAILED Test conducted at night.", "otdnbzAka7k-00058-00031920-00032258": "Block was brightly illuminated in order to aid in testing.", "otdnbzAka7k-00059-00032258-00032654": "User missed target and crushed light fixture instead.", "otdnbzAka7k-00060-00032654-00033188": "Recommended using binoculars and mount/stability assist in subsequent range tests.", "otdnbzAka7k-00061-00033188-00034154": "007 High Altitude Weather Balloon 32km Destroyed via Compression Test conducted at night.", "otdnbzAka7k-00062-00034154-00034664": "Large halogen light fixture with sufficient battery life was affixed onto the balloon.", "otdnbzAka7k-00063-00034664-00035185": "Test was successful; however, debris was never found by recovery teams.", "otdnbzAka7k-00064-00035185-00035456": "Extreme range capabilities confirmed.", "otdnbzAka7k-00065-00035456-00037156": "008 Asteroid 1566 Icarus (2.9×1012kg) Perihelion: 0.18AU, Aphelion: 1.96AU N/A CANCELLED", "otdnbzAka7k-00066-00037156-00037800": "Summary: SCP-2501 anomalous properties confirmed.", "otdnbzAka7k-00067-00037800-00038119": "Testing has been suspended indefinitely under O5 command.", "otdnbzAka7k-00068-00038119-00038659": "SCP-2501 is to be placed back into storage immediately.", "otdnbzAka7k-00069-00038659-00038939": "Object class designated as Safe for the time being.", "otdnbzAka7k-00070-00038939-00039326": "Additional containment protocols may need to be enacted.", "otdnbzAka7k-00071-00039326-00039954": "SCP-2501 was remitted to a Foundation logistics center in an ornate shipping-case by an anonymous", "otdnbzAka7k-00072-00039954-00040116": "benefactor.", "otdnbzAka7k-00073-00040116-00040605": "Benefactor is confirmed to have close affiliations to Marshall, Carter, and Dark Ltd. as supported", "otdnbzAka7k-00074-00040605-00041216": "by the item description tag attached to SCP-2501 at the time of delivery and a note detailing", "otdnbzAka7k-00075-00041216-00042296": "the context of  the parcel.", "otdnbzAka7k-00076-00042296-00042537": "Archival Document2501-01 FBW221/TG6YW/IU8IO", "otdnbzAka7k-00077-00042537-00043132": "Status Sold In Reserve LIQUIDATE Demand High", "otdnbzAka7k-00078-00043132-00044070": "Value 500k USD/303k GBP Availability Estimated Worldwide: 1", "otdnbzAka7k-00079-00044070-00044664": "Identifier Exclusive Item# 21 (slightly worn condition)", "otdnbzAka7k-00080-00044664-00045098": "Description Item is a mechanical gauntlet made specifically to crush objects simply", "otdnbzAka7k-00081-00045098-00045287": "using line-of-sight.", "otdnbzAka7k-00082-00045287-00045747": "A curious physics-bender putting power at your fingertips, literally.", "otdnbzAka7k-00083-00045747-00045919": "Safety key included with unit.", "otdnbzAka7k-00084-00045919-00046054": "Sold as is.", "otdnbzAka7k-00085-00046054-00046322": "Marshall, Carter and Dark, Ltd.", "otdnbzAka7k-00086-00046322-00046927": "Archival Document 2501-02 To whom it may concern,", "otdnbzAka7k-00087-00046927-00047480": "I represent a professional community of auctioneers, collectors, and dealers with whom I am certain", "otdnbzAka7k-00088-00047480-00047640": "you are familiar.", "otdnbzAka7k-00089-00047640-00048081": "I am approaching your organization with an item of mutual interest.", "otdnbzAka7k-00090-00048081-00048331": "Details are also included inside the case.", "otdnbzAka7k-00091-00048331-00048716": "Rest assured, this is the right place for it.", "otdnbzAka7k-00092-00048716-00048930": "Understandably you have many questions.", "otdnbzAka7k-00093-00048930-00049365": "I am not able to divulge details as it would stand as a conflict of interest towards my", "otdnbzAka7k-00094-00049365-00049578": "colleagues and clients.", "otdnbzAka7k-00095-00049578-00049996": "Still, our motives for this remittance is rather pertinent.", "otdnbzAka7k-00096-00049996-00050302": "Simply put, we are strictly dealers of art and curios.", "otdnbzAka7k-00097-00050302-00050760": "And very rarely, there are items that we come across that are not inherently or obviously", "otdnbzAka7k-00098-00050760-00051064": "threatening to that integral distinction.", "otdnbzAka7k-00099-00051064-00051262": "Such is the nature of this item.", "otdnbzAka7k-00100-00051262-00051688": "As valuable as it may be, we at Marshall, Carter and Dark, Ltd. feel that it is in our", "otdnbzAka7k-00101-00051688-00052379": "mutual benefit, meaning us as well as the SCP Foundation, that this remain in your safekeeping.", "otdnbzAka7k-00102-00052379-00052859": "We usually retain a level of impartiality for what our clients do or do not do after", "otdnbzAka7k-00103-00052859-00053114": "the closing of a sale.", "otdnbzAka7k-00104-00053114-00053571": "However, in light of a few isolated incidents regarding our clients' intentions with this", "otdnbzAka7k-00105-00053571-00054170": "particular device, and their affiliations by and large, it is safe to assume that selling", "otdnbzAka7k-00106-00054170-00054657": "said item would be a poor business decision on our part.", "otdnbzAka7k-00107-00054657-00055141": "Storage also constitutes a problem, as an extreme demand for the item rather interrupts", "otdnbzAka7k-00108-00055141-00055542": "the objectives and stable business of Marshall, Carter and Dark, Ltd.", "otdnbzAka7k-00109-00055542-00056024": "Nobody enjoys being a teller at a bank that is under threat of robbery every waking moment.", "otdnbzAka7k-00110-00056024-00056559": "In short, keeping the item in inventory is more trouble than it's worth; exceedingly", "otdnbzAka7k-00111-00056559-00056738": "so.", "otdnbzAka7k-00112-00056738-00057302": "So for the sake of famous landmarks, monuments, certain nations, our continued enterprise,", "otdnbzAka7k-00113-00057302-00057821": "and quite possibly the sun or moon, we hand this over to persons more experienced and", "otdnbzAka7k-00114-00057821-00058075": "adept at locking things away from the world.", "otdnbzAka7k-00115-00058075-00058546": "Please accept our gift, free of charge, from us to you.", "otdnbzAka7k-00116-00058546-00058686": "P.S.", "otdnbzAka7k-00117-00058686-00059162": "Included is a box of La Maison du Chocolat, and a certificate of store credit in the amount", "otdnbzAka7k-00118-00059162-00059644": "of ████GBP as a further extension of our gratitude.", "otdnbzAka7k-00119-00059644-00059796": "Forever Grateful,", "otdnbzAka7k-00120-00059796-00060362": "Lady Emily Alcott Carter June 8th, 1968", "otdnbzAka7k-00121-00060362-00061057": "Items included with the package outside of SCP-2501 itself were recorded and/or destroyed.", "otdnbzAka7k-00122-00061057-00061398": "No formal response from the Foundation has been sent regarding this action."}}, {"audio_id": "otfCcFuDwNU", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "othRLj0_70y", "text": {"othRLj0_70y-00000-00000012-00000450": "Thanks for having me Michael, my name is Peter I founded iReachm three years ago.", "othRLj0_70y-00001-00000450-00000850": "And typically what we do is that we we build digital assistants", "othRLj0_70y-00002-00000900-00001300": "to increase productivity for example sales teams. That's our core business.", "othRLj0_70y-00003-00001300-00001600": "So what do I have to imagine?", "othRLj0_70y-00004-00001602-00002057": "I mean, you told me a story like you get a number you can phone them up and there is a bot sitting.", "othRLj0_70y-00005-00002058-00002450": "So tell me a bit more. How can he help customers?", "othRLj0_70y-00006-00002454-00002884": "Why would I need it? Well, it's quite simple a couple of years ago", "othRLj0_70y-00007-00002884-00003332": "the first thing we did was see. What is the most time-consuming task that sales people", "othRLj0_70y-00008-00003332-00003824": "are experiencing today?  Typically it is filling in a CRM, missing calls and", "othRLj0_70y-00009-00003824-00003894": "making calls.", "othRLj0_70y-00010-00003894-00004256": "So we made a list of the most typical things they lose time with.", "othRLj0_70y-00011-00004286-00004862": "Afterwards we went into a small, black room and asked ourselves 'how can we help them by using technology?'.", "othRLj0_70y-00012-00004862-00005216": "Quickly we came to the sector of digital assistants.", "othRLj0_70y-00013-00005216-00005914": "So we're trying to build a digital assistant for sales guys. They don't need to fill in their CRM anymore, they don't", "othRLj0_70y-00014-00005914-00006100": "need to handle all of their calls.", "othRLj0_70y-00015-00006100-00006490": "So how does it work? You were telling some use cases.", "othRLj0_70y-00016-00006492-00006717": "Maybe you give one so, we really get it.", "othRLj0_70y-00017-00006717-00007115": "For example, you just did a meeting with the prospect you come out of your car.", "othRLj0_70y-00018-00007115-00007487": "What's the first thing you need to do? You need to fill in your CRM system for follow-up or whatever?", "othRLj0_70y-00019-00007488-00007515": "Yeah", "othRLj0_70y-00020-00007516-00008181": "You typically you call the CRM bot, as we call it, and from the car you actually dictate what you want to have in", "othRLj0_70y-00021-00008181-00008370": "your CRM system. It's as simple as that.", "othRLj0_70y-00022-00008370-00008494": "It has a lot of potential!", "othRLj0_70y-00023-00008503-00008808": "Other things you can do with with voice capabilities:", "othRLj0_70y-00024-00008808-00009510": "for example, we we just did a project for for a big client of ours who is in the business of kettles.", "othRLj0_70y-00025-00009630-00009742": "Kettles? What do you mean?", "othRLj0_70y-00026-00009742-00009964": "Heating kettles. -Oh yeah, oké.", "othRLj0_70y-00027-00009970-00010584": "What you have in your home to make sure it is warm. - You see, we are not engineers.", "othRLj0_70y-00028-00010666-00010784": "No no! - The heating stuff", "othRLj0_70y-00029-00011136-00011750": "A lot of their clients were calling salespeople when they had technical issues.", "othRLj0_70y-00030-00011858-00012215": "Like \"you sold me something that isn't working you need to be here\".", "othRLj0_70y-00031-00012216-00012756": "One of the things we did is that we've put a bot on their mobile phone that understands the reason why people", "othRLj0_70y-00032-00012756-00012872": "are calling them.  -Yeah", "othRLj0_70y-00033-00012880-00013354": "So if the bot recognize that someone is calling for a technical intervention, the bot will automatically", "othRLj0_70y-00034-00013354-00013902": "notify the the technical service.  But do you use voice or like 'press 2 for...'?", "othRLj0_70y-00035-00013902-00014254": "Because that's the horror.  Yeah, that's the horror. But you have different ways", "othRLj0_70y-00036-00014254-00014305": "of doing it.", "othRLj0_70y-00037-00014305-00014982": "But in this use case you hear the voicemail of the sales guy but afterwards the voice drop he does,", "othRLj0_70y-00038-00014982-00015444": "the actual voicemail. The bot will understand that it is a voicemail for a technical intervention.", "othRLj0_70y-00039-00015450-00016072": "And he sends automaticcaly an email to the technical service with the client in copy and sales guy to say that", "othRLj0_70y-00040-00016078-00016146": "he needs a technical intervention."}}, {"audio_id": "ot_7yDD9GlA", "text": {"ot_7yDD9GlA-00000-00000236-00000720": ">> CATHY: Reading can really help you because then it makes you, like, read some books so", "ot_7yDD9GlA-00001-00000720-00000880": "you can get prizes.", "ot_7yDD9GlA-00002-00000880-00001438": "After you find out how reading books is really fun, you can keep reading more books.", "ot_7yDD9GlA-00003-00001438-00001769": ">> CHIEU: Are you the Summer Reading Teen Reader?", "ot_7yDD9GlA-00004-00001769-00002012": "Are you a teen reader?", "ot_7yDD9GlA-00005-00002012-00002112": ">> CATHY: Yeah.", "ot_7yDD9GlA-00006-00002112-00002212": ">> CHIEU: Did you win the random prize?", "ot_7yDD9GlA-00007-00002212-00002481": ">> CATHY: Yeah, I won the prize.", "ot_7yDD9GlA-00008-00002481-00002735": ">> CHIEU: How do you feel about summer reading program?", "ot_7yDD9GlA-00009-00002735-00003527": ">> CATHY: It's really fun, and you just need to write, like, a review to, like, five reviews", "ot_7yDD9GlA-00010-00003527-00003809": "about five boooks to get a book.", "ot_7yDD9GlA-00011-00003809-00003968": ">> CHIEU: Thank you, Cathy.", "ot_7yDD9GlA-00012-00003968-00004068": "Congratulations!", "ot_7yDD9GlA-00013-00004068-00004307": ">> CHIEU: Hi, can you tell us your name and who you are?", "ot_7yDD9GlA-00014-00004307-00004407": ">> ERIC: My name is Eric.", "ot_7yDD9GlA-00015-00004407-00004884": ">> CHIEU: Are you an eighth grader?", "ot_7yDD9GlA-00016-00004884-00004984": "Ninth grader in school?", "ot_7yDD9GlA-00017-00004984-00005171": ">> ERIC: I'm an eighth grader.", "ot_7yDD9GlA-00018-00005171-00005539": ">> CHIEU: Okay, how do you like about summer reading program?", "ot_7yDD9GlA-00019-00005539-00006005": ">> ERIC: It's cool, and it's fabulous.", "ot_7yDD9GlA-00020-00006005-00006105": ">> CHIEU: Okay.", "ot_7yDD9GlA-00021-00006105-00006205": "Did you win something this summer?", "ot_7yDD9GlA-00022-00006205-00006305": "As a teen reader?", "ot_7yDD9GlA-00023-00006305-00006768": ">> ERIC: Yeah, I won AMC tickets and a Barnes & Noble gift card.", "ot_7yDD9GlA-00024-00006768-00006884": ">> CHIEU: Oh, wow!", "ot_7yDD9GlA-00025-00006884-00006984": "Congratulations!", "ot_7yDD9GlA-00026-00006984-00007007": "Thank you, Eric."}}, {"audio_id": "otLGQhgSHu4", "text": {"otLGQhgSHu4-00000-00000000-00000486": "Alligators are fascinating creatures that belong to the crocodilian family. They are", "otLGQhgSHu4-00001-00000486-00000984": "native to the southeastern United States and can be found in freshwater marshes, swamps,", "otLGQhgSHu4-00002-00000984-00001536": "and rivers. These reptiles have a distinctive appearance, with a broad snout, powerful jaws,", "otLGQhgSHu4-00003-00001536-00002016": "and a muscular body covered in armored plates. Alligators are cold-blooded animals,", "otLGQhgSHu4-00004-00002016-00002508": "which means they rely on external sources of heat to regulate their body temperature. They", "otLGQhgSHu4-00005-00002508-00002958": "bask in the sun to warm up, and retreat to the water to cool down. This is why they are", "otLGQhgSHu4-00006-00002958-00003402": "most active during the warmer months, and tend to hibernate during the colder winter months.", "otLGQhgSHu4-00007-00003402-00003996": "These reptiles are carnivorous and feed on a variety of prey, including fish, turtles,", "otLGQhgSHu4-00008-00003996-00004584": "birds, and mammals. They are skilled hunters, using their powerful jaws to ambush their prey", "otLGQhgSHu4-00009-00004584-00005046": "and drag it underwater to drown. Alligators have also been known to scavenge for food,", "otLGQhgSHu4-00010-00005046-00005544": "feeding on carrion and dead animals. Alligators are social animals and can be", "otLGQhgSHu4-00011-00005544-00006066": "found in groups called congregations. These groups are typically formed during the breeding season,", "otLGQhgSHu4-00012-00006066-00006648": "which occurs in the spring. Male alligators will use a variety of vocalizations and displays to", "otLGQhgSHu4-00013-00006648-00007109": "attract females and establish dominance over other males. The female will lay", "otLGQhgSHu4-00014-00007109-00007548": "her eggs in a nest made of vegetation, and will fiercely protect them until they hatch.", "otLGQhgSHu4-00015-00007548-00008154": "Baby alligators, or hatchlings, are incredibly small and vulnerable when they are born. They", "otLGQhgSHu4-00016-00008154-00008598": "are only around 6-8 inches long and are easy prey for a variety of predators,", "otLGQhgSHu4-00017-00008598-00009168": "including birds, raccoons, and other alligators. The mother will protect her young for several", "otLGQhgSHu4-00018-00009168-00009528": "months after they hatch, but eventually they will need to fend for themselves.", "otLGQhgSHu4-00019-00009528-00010074": "Alligators have a long lifespan, with some individuals living up to 70 years in the wild.", "otLGQhgSHu4-00020-00010074-00010608": "However, these reptiles have been threatened by habitat loss and hunting, and their populations", "otLGQhgSHu4-00021-00010608-00011154": "have declined in many areas. Alligators are now a protected species, and strict regulations", "otLGQhgSHu4-00022-00011154-00011592": "are in place to ensure their conservation. In addition to their ecological importance,", "otLGQhgSHu4-00023-00011592-00012150": "alligators have also played an important role in human culture. They have been revered and feared", "otLGQhgSHu4-00024-00012150-00012672": "by many cultures throughout history, and have been the subject of many myths and legends. Today,", "otLGQhgSHu4-00025-00012672-00013200": "alligators are often featured in popular media, including movies and television shows.", "otLGQhgSHu4-00026-00013200-00013668": "Overall, alligators are a fascinating and important species that are worth learning", "otLGQhgSHu4-00027-00013668-00014160": "more about. Their unique biology and behavior make them an intriguing subject for study,", "otLGQhgSHu4-00028-00014160-00014634": "and their conservation is critical for maintaining the ecological balance of their habitats."}}, {"audio_id": "otWCZtfNxvu", "text": {"otWCZtfNxvu-00000-00000046-00000618": "this video will show you how to make a data frame using R and so I've just", "otWCZtfNxvu-00001-00000618-00001155": "titled this lab tutorial making a data frame but I've already done what I'm", "otWCZtfNxvu-00002-00001155-00001542": "looking at and what I want to make a data frame of our lake levels in Lake", "otWCZtfNxvu-00003-00001542-00002232": "Travis and so I have two variables that I have I have the month January through", "otWCZtfNxvu-00004-00002232-00002790": "December and I have the lake level in feet and so the first part is the month", "otWCZtfNxvu-00005-00002790-00003365": "I just made a a string of values that have the abbreviations for those months", "otWCZtfNxvu-00006-00003365-00004046": "using the combined function or the C function and so I've labeled month as my", "otWCZtfNxvu-00007-00004046-00004764": "or object and I've said combine all these month names then I've entered all", "otWCZtfNxvu-00008-00004764-00005376": "of the lake levels for those months and so in January the lake level was six", "otWCZtfNxvu-00009-00005376-00005907": "hundred and fifty-seven point two four feet all the way up to December where", "otWCZtfNxvu-00010-00005907-00006518": "the lake level was six sixty seven point two three three feet and so again I've", "otWCZtfNxvu-00011-00006518-00007031": "called this level when I've used the combine or the C function to combine all", "otWCZtfNxvu-00012-00007031-00007509": "those values into one string and I made a note I put a hashtag that the lake", "otWCZtfNxvu-00013-00007509-00007997": "level is in feet in case I was interested in the units and so I've got", "otWCZtfNxvu-00014-00007997-00008322": "the data already entered I'm going to hit the play button and run those data", "otWCZtfNxvu-00015-00008322-00009000": "and as you can see in the upper right it says it added the levels are numeric", "otWCZtfNxvu-00016-00009000-00009678": "variable length 12 that makes sense and the months are character variables with", "otWCZtfNxvu-00017-00009678-00010206": "a length 12 and that makes sense and so I've entered the data now what I want to", "otWCZtfNxvu-00018-00010206-00010713": "do is I want to combine the month and level into a single data frame and name", "otWCZtfNxvu-00019-00010713-00011207": "that data frame lake and so this would be equivalent of if we had an Excel", "otWCZtfNxvu-00020-00011207-00011685": "spreadsheet open we had a spreadsheet a tab of data with", "otWCZtfNxvu-00021-00011685-00012197": "two variables one variable called month and one a variable called lake as it is", "otWCZtfNxvu-00022-00012197-00012702": "now the two variables are separate and they're not combined and so we can", "otWCZtfNxvu-00023-00012702-00013247": "combine them now so we want to call this Lake so I'm", "otWCZtfNxvu-00024-00013247-00013625": "going to put lake and then I want to call this an R object so I'm going to do", "otWCZtfNxvu-00025-00013625-00014291": "an arrow and a - and you can look and see what the data dot frame function", "otWCZtfNxvu-00026-00014291-00014744": "does and you can see our Studios tries to be smart and predict what you will be", "otWCZtfNxvu-00027-00014744-00015074": "typing and this gives us some information here about the data frame", "otWCZtfNxvu-00028-00015074-00015728": "function so we're going to want to use that so data frame open parenthesis well", "otWCZtfNxvu-00029-00015728-00016196": "our first variable that we want to add is month and our second variable is", "otWCZtfNxvu-00030-00016196-00016898": "level and so that will be our two variables and so we can hit the play", "otWCZtfNxvu-00031-00016898-00017522": "button to make a new data frame that combines both month and lake level so we", "otWCZtfNxvu-00032-00017522-00017981": "can do that and you can see that are added a third item into our environment", "otWCZtfNxvu-00033-00017981-00018542": "so now we have lake and we have if we make this a bit bigger we would see that", "otWCZtfNxvu-00034-00018542-00018992": "this is a data frame and you can see one thing that I like to do is if I make a", "otWCZtfNxvu-00035-00018992-00019481": "new data set I'd like to see that data set and so one thing you can do is", "otWCZtfNxvu-00036-00019481-00020003": "double click on the little spreadsheet looking thing over here and you can see", "otWCZtfNxvu-00037-00020003-00020506": "now this looks like something we might see in Excel so we have the month", "otWCZtfNxvu-00038-00020506-00021149": "variable and we have the level variable and so we can scroll down we've see each", "otWCZtfNxvu-00039-00021149-00021677": "of those values for each month so that opens up as a new tab and after you look", "otWCZtfNxvu-00040-00021677-00022165": "at the data to make sure it did what you wanted it to do you can Excel", "otWCZtfNxvu-00041-00022165-00022742": "another way to check the data is to just simply print it and so we can hit enter", "otWCZtfNxvu-00042-00022742-00023540": "to make a new line in our our code and we can just type Lake and so we've made", "otWCZtfNxvu-00043-00023540-00024029": "the Dame we've made the data frame called Lake and now we just want to", "otWCZtfNxvu-00044-00024029-00024581": "print it out into the console so you can hit play and you can see this is just", "otWCZtfNxvu-00045-00024581-00025031": "another way of viewing the data so in this case we have the month we have the", "otWCZtfNxvu-00046-00025031-00025562": "level and that's stored as one data frame so this is just another way to", "otWCZtfNxvu-00047-00025562-00026116": "look at the data that you just combined into a data frame"}}, {"audio_id": "ouSvk2ixwTA", "text": {"ouSvk2ixwTA-00000-00000021-00000774": "It’s Official!", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00001-00000774-00001334": "Trump Just Signed Monumental Agreement With Kim Jong-Un – Here’s What NK Will Do Now", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00002-00001334-00001752": "History was made yesterday in Singapore as President Trump met with Dictator Kim Jong-Un", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00003-00001752-00001932": "of North Korea for a peace summit.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00004-00001932-00002136": "It’s a historic first.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00005-00002136-00002568": "Trump told Sean Hannity that he really believes that Kim will now begin to work towards dismantling", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00006-00002568-00002878": "his country’s nuclear program “virtually immediately.”", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00007-00002878-00003399": "In response, President Trump has halted joint military exercises with the South Koreans,", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00008-00003399-00003526": "for now at least.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00009-00003526-00003790": "They are seen as provocative by the North Koreans.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00010-00003790-00004146": "Our troops will remain in South Korea as this moves forward.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00011-00004146-00004562": "A comprehensive document was signed by the two leaders stating Pyongyang would work toward", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00012-00004562-00004935": "“complete denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula ” and that the U.S. would provide", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00013-00004935-00005135": "“security guarantees” to Pyongyang.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00014-00005135-00005429": "“We are going to leave the past behind.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00015-00005429-00005851": "The world will see major change,” Kim Jong-Un said signing the document.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00016-00005851-00006231": "Those are just words, but we all pray that they are the truth this time.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00017-00006231-00006593": "Trump also says he will have Kim to the White House and that they will meet many more times", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00018-00006593-00006756": "over all of this.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00019-00006756-00007111": "In Hannity’s interview with the President, Trump said the process is “really moving", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00020-00007111-00007211": "rapidly.”", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00021-00007211-00007604": "“I just think that we are now we are going to start the process of denuclearization of", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00022-00007604-00008028": "North Korea, and I believe that he’s going back and will start it virtually immediately", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00023-00008028-00008457": "– and he’s already indicated that and you look at what he’s done,” Trump stated.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00024-00008457-00008743": "All of this happened after several meetings yesterday in Singapore.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00025-00008743-00009269": "CNN’s Jim Acosta asked Trump if Kim agreed to denuclearize and he said, “We are starting", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00026-00009269-00009471": "that process very quickly.”", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00027-00009471-00009982": "Kim agreed to destroy a “major” missile testing site, but did not offer specific details.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00028-00009982-00010510": "“President Trump and Chairman Kim Jong-Un conducted a comprehensive, in-depth, and sincere", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00029-00010510-00011009": "exchange of opinions on the issues related to the establishment of new U.S.–DPRK relations", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00030-00011009-00011427": "and the building of a lasting and robust peace regime on the Korean Peninsula,” read the", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00031-00011427-00011665": "joint statement that both leaders signed.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00032-00011665-00012200": "“President Trump committed to provide security guarantees to the DPRK, and Chairman Kim Jong-Un", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00033-00012200-00012671": "reaffirmed his firm and unwavering commitment to complete denuclearization of the Korean", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00034-00012671-00012771": "Peninsula.”", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00035-00012771-00013044": "The following four points are key in the agreement:", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00036-00013044-00013147": "1.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00037-00013147-00013680": "The United States and the DPRK commit to establish new U.S.–DPRK relations in accordance with", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00038-00013680-00014066": "the desire of the peoples of the two countries for peace and prosperity.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00039-00014066-00014176": "2.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00040-00014176-00014604": "The United States and the DPRK will join their efforts to build a lasting and stable peace", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00041-00014604-00014880": "regime on the Korean Peninsula.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00042-00014880-00014991": "3.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00043-00014991-00015701": "Reaffirming the April 27, 2018 Panmunjom Declaration, the DPRK commits to work toward complete denuclearization", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00044-00015701-00015994": "of the Korean Peninsula. 4.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00045-00015994-00016600": "The United States and the DPRK commit to recovering POW/MIA remains, including the immediate repatriation", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00046-00016600-00016759": "of those already identified.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00047-00016759-00017172": "The document also said that both leaders “commit to implement the stipulations in this joint", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00048-00017172-00017587": "statement fully and expeditiously,” adding that Trump and Kim are “committed to cooperate", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00049-00017587-00018129": "for the development of new U.S.–DPRK relations and for the promotion of peace, prosperity,", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00050-00018129-00018434": "and security of the Korean Peninsula and of the world.”", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00051-00018434-00018821": "There are still no guarantees that Kim will follow through on his promises.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00052-00018821-00019007": "He has broken them in the past.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00053-00019007-00019437": "Everything depends on the relationship between Kim and Trump, but if any President can pull", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00054-00019437-00019675": "this off, it is President Trump.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00055-00019675-00020032": "He sounded very optimistic as he left the summit and evidently the two of them “got", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00056-00020032-00020194": "along from the beginning.”", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00057-00020194-00020574": "Trump made it crystal clear that Kim must totally dismantle his nuclear program.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00058-00020574-00021068": "“His country has to be de-nuked and he understood that, he fully understood that, he didn’t", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00059-00021068-00021255": "fight it,” Trump said.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00060-00021255-00021472": "The summit was a minor miracle in itself.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00061-00021472-00021870": "At one point, it was called off and then suddenly rescheduled.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00062-00021870-00022303": "Despite heated rhetoric from both sides, Kim and Trump found a way to finally sit down", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00063-00022303-00022585": "together and start the negotiation process.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00064-00022585-00023036": "No word if the Korean war will now be declared officially over, but we’ll see.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00065-00023036-00023534": "And I think it is a reach to talk of reunification between the North and South, but at this point,", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00066-00023534-00023679": "anything could happen.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00067-00023679-00023978": "Trump told Fox News that “without the rhetoric we wouldn’t have been here.”", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00068-00023978-00024468": "“So I think the rhetoric, I hated to do it, sometimes I felt foolish doing it, but", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00069-00024468-00024713": "we had no choice,” he said.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00070-00024713-00025195": "When asked what comes next, Trump insisted, “I think he’s gone back to get this done.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00071-00025195-00025312": "He wants to get it done.”", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00072-00025312-00025613": "Let’s hope so for the sake of global peace.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00073-00025613-00026081": "During a meeting with the press on Air Force One, Trump said he trusts Kim, but the U.S.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00074-00026081-00026356": "would have to “check” to ensure denuclearization occurs.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00075-00026356-00026781": "I hope he also checks to make sure that the North Koreans don’t just move their weapons", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00076-00026781-00026925": "over the border to China.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00077-00026925-00027139": "“We’re going to have to check him.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00078-00027139-00027453": "And we will check him, we’ll check him very strongly.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00079-00027453-00027712": "But he has a plan total and complete,” Trump said.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00080-00027712-00027912": "“He’s got a total plan.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00081-00027912-00028024": "It will get done.”", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00082-00028024-00028477": "Verifying that the country is totally free of nuclear, biological and chemical weapons", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00083-00028477-00028634": "will be very tricky.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00084-00028634-00028784": "It always is.", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00085-00028784-00029199": "When asked whether he had any concerns about Kim, the President insisted Kim “wants to", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00086-00029199-00029306": "get it done.”", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00087-00029306-00029597": "He added: “And we should all want that to happen.”", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00088-00029597-00029758": "Yes, we should…", "ouSvk2ixwTA-00089-00029758-00031166": "“Trust, but verify,” as Ronald Reagan famously said."}}, {"audio_id": "ouZs8IL37OQ", "text": {"ouZs8IL37OQ-00000-00000000-00000568": "Now its a huge problem goat is captured", "ouZs8IL37OQ-00001-00000846-00001046": "but he learnd doble jump", "ouZs8IL37OQ-00002-00003715-00004192": "You woman are in a fucked place and we are going the fucked place", "ouZs8IL37OQ-00003-00004462-00004662": "That place is", "ouZs8IL37OQ-00004-00005730-00005930": "But its going to more intresting we", "ouZs8IL37OQ-00005-00006164-00006872": "Going intresting we lick that thing and wait when this start", "ouZs8IL37OQ-00006-00006978-00007240": "wait for it", "ouZs8IL37OQ-00007-00007255-00007455": "Lets go", "ouZs8IL37OQ-00008-00007455-00007619": "fuck no", "ouZs8IL37OQ-00009-00007802-00007936": "But why", "ouZs8IL37OQ-00010-00008026-00008394": "Becose its secret", "ouZs8IL37OQ-00011-00008718-00008918": "But woman", "ouZs8IL37OQ-00012-00008962-00009556": "Mean you are king of goats men it", "ouZs8IL37OQ-00013-00009666-00009790": "She kwos", "ouZs8IL37OQ-00014-00010006-00010282": "It ends like this", "ouZs8IL37OQ-00015-00010466-00011020": "and i dont want it but we dont have anything else", "ouZs8IL37OQ-00016-00011134-00011252": "But i have this secret", "ouZs8IL37OQ-00017-00011328-00011414": "Its impossible", "ouZs8IL37OQ-00018-00011522-00011788": "You tell your friends and i dont accept that", "ouZs8IL37OQ-00019-00012112-00012202": "We are alive", "ouZs8IL37OQ-00020-00012320-00012520": "I get everything with me", "ouZs8IL37OQ-00021-00013408-00013696": "I going to DJs place in party", "ouZs8IL37OQ-00022-00013844-00013938": "What happend", "ouZs8IL37OQ-00023-00014473-00014673": "I leve that woman", "ouZs8IL37OQ-00024-00015138-00015502": "Power with me WHAT", "ouZs8IL37OQ-00025-00015722-00016026": "Power get fucked", "ouZs8IL37OQ-00026-00017600-00017958": "Can goat take that alien to the area 51", "ouZs8IL37OQ-00027-00018008-00018272": "To be contenued", "ouZs8IL37OQ-00028-00018416-00018616": "But now farefell"}}, {"audio_id": "ovWprfgdYCu", "text": {"ovWprfgdYCu-00000-00000010-00000220": ">>> NOW, MORE NEWS WITH DENNIS", "ovWprfgdYCu-00001-00000220-00000226": ">>> NOW, MORE NEWS WITH DENNIS", "ovWprfgdYCu-00002-00000226-00000290": ">>> NOW, MORE NEWS WITH DENNIS WEIMANN.", "ovWprfgdYCu-00003-00000290-00000296": ">>> NOW, MORE NEWS WITH DENNIS WEIMANN.", "ovWprfgdYCu-00004-00000296-00000370": ">>> NOW, MORE NEWS WITH DENNIS WEIMANN. >> Dennis: AFTER YEARS OF", "ovWprfgdYCu-00005-00000370-00000377": "WEIMANN. >> Dennis: AFTER YEARS OF", "ovWprfgdYCu-00006-00000377-00000520": "WEIMANN. >> Dennis: AFTER YEARS OF PLANNING AND FUND RAISING", "ovWprfgdYCu-00007-00000520-00000527": ">> Dennis: AFTER YEARS OF PLANNING AND FUND RAISING", "ovWprfgdYCu-00008-00000527-00000710": ">> Dennis: AFTER YEARS OF PLANNING AND FUND RAISING DOWNTOWN BEMIDJI FINALLY GOT ITS", "ovWprfgdYCu-00009-00000710-00000717": "PLANNING AND FUND RAISING DOWNTOWN BEMIDJI FINALLY GOT ITS", "ovWprfgdYCu-00010-00000717-00000897": "PLANNING AND FUND RAISING DOWNTOWN BEMIDJI FINALLY GOT ITS LONG AWAITED ARCH WAY.", "ovWprfgdYCu-00011-00000897-00000904": "DOWNTOWN BEMIDJI FINALLY GOT ITS LONG AWAITED ARCH WAY.", "ovWprfgdYCu-00012-00000904-00001171": "DOWNTOWN BEMIDJI FINALLY GOT ITS LONG AWAITED ARCH WAY. THE STEEL ARCH ARRIVED IN", "ovWprfgdYCu-00013-00001171-00001177": "LONG AWAITED ARCH WAY. THE STEEL ARCH ARRIVED IN", "ovWprfgdYCu-00014-00001177-00001347": "LONG AWAITED ARCH WAY. THE STEEL ARCH ARRIVED IN DOWNTOWN BEMIDJI JUST BEFORE", "ovWprfgdYCu-00015-00001347-00001354": "THE STEEL ARCH ARRIVED IN DOWNTOWN BEMIDJI JUST BEFORE", "ovWprfgdYCu-00016-00001354-00001464": "THE STEEL ARCH ARRIVED IN DOWNTOWN BEMIDJI JUST BEFORE 1:00 TODAY WHEN IT WAS LIFTED", "ovWprfgdYCu-00017-00001464-00001471": "DOWNTOWN BEMIDJI JUST BEFORE 1:00 TODAY WHEN IT WAS LIFTED", "ovWprfgdYCu-00018-00001471-00001671": "DOWNTOWN BEMIDJI JUST BEFORE 1:00 TODAY WHEN IT WAS LIFTED FROM ITS TRAILER AND RAISED HIGH", "ovWprfgdYCu-00019-00001671-00001678": "1:00 TODAY WHEN IT WAS LIFTED FROM ITS TRAILER AND RAISED HIGH", "ovWprfgdYCu-00020-00001678-00001918": "1:00 TODAY WHEN IT WAS LIFTED FROM ITS TRAILER AND RAISED HIGH ABOVE THIRD STREET IN DOWNTOWN", "ovWprfgdYCu-00021-00001918-00001925": "FROM ITS TRAILER AND RAISED HIGH ABOVE THIRD STREET IN DOWNTOWN", "ovWprfgdYCu-00022-00001925-00001955": "FROM ITS TRAILER AND RAISED HIGH ABOVE THIRD STREET IN DOWNTOWN BEMIDJI.", "ovWprfgdYCu-00023-00001955-00001961": "ABOVE THIRD STREET IN DOWNTOWN BEMIDJI.", "ovWprfgdYCu-00024-00001961-00002021": "ABOVE THIRD STREET IN DOWNTOWN BEMIDJI. WORKERS HURRIED TO CUT AND", "ovWprfgdYCu-00025-00002021-00002028": "BEMIDJI. WORKERS HURRIED TO CUT AND", "ovWprfgdYCu-00026-00002028-00002088": "BEMIDJI. WORKERS HURRIED TO CUT AND SECURE THE STEEL STRUCTURE", "ovWprfgdYCu-00027-00002088-00002095": "WORKERS HURRIED TO CUT AND SECURE THE STEEL STRUCTURE", "ovWprfgdYCu-00028-00002095-00002155": "WORKERS HURRIED TO CUT AND SECURE THE STEEL STRUCTURE BEFORE IT WAS FINALLY LIFTED", "ovWprfgdYCu-00029-00002155-00002162": "SECURE THE STEEL STRUCTURE BEFORE IT WAS FINALLY LIFTED", "ovWprfgdYCu-00030-00002162-00002218": "SECURE THE STEEL STRUCTURE BEFORE IT WAS FINALLY LIFTED INTO PLACE.", "ovWprfgdYCu-00031-00002218-00002225": "BEFORE IT WAS FINALLY LIFTED INTO PLACE.", "ovWprfgdYCu-00032-00002225-00002392": "BEFORE IT WAS FINALLY LIFTED INTO PLACE. NOW THAT THE ARCH WAS IS IN", "ovWprfgdYCu-00033-00002392-00002399": "INTO PLACE. NOW THAT THE ARCH WAS IS IN", "ovWprfgdYCu-00034-00002399-00002519": "INTO PLACE. NOW THAT THE ARCH WAS IS IN PLACE, PLENTY OF WORK STILL", "ovWprfgdYCu-00035-00002519-00002525": "NOW THAT THE ARCH WAS IS IN PLACE, PLENTY OF WORK STILL", "ovWprfgdYCu-00036-00002525-00003143": "NOW THAT THE ARCH WAS IS IN PLACE, PLENTY OF WORK STILL REMAINS TO BE DONE.", "ovWprfgdYCu-00037-00003143-00003149": "PLACE, PLENTY OF WORK STILL REMAINS TO BE DONE.", "ovWprfgdYCu-00038-00003149-00003349": "PLACE, PLENTY OF WORK STILL REMAINS TO BE DONE. >> WE HAVE BRICK AND MASONRY", "ovWprfgdYCu-00039-00003349-00003356": "REMAINS TO BE DONE. >> WE HAVE BRICK AND MASONRY", "ovWprfgdYCu-00040-00003356-00003606": "REMAINS TO BE DONE. >> WE HAVE BRICK AND MASONRY WORK, AND ARCHITECTURAL PANELING", "ovWprfgdYCu-00041-00003606-00003613": ">> WE HAVE BRICK AND MASONRY WORK, AND ARCHITECTURAL PANELING", "ovWprfgdYCu-00042-00003613-00003810": ">> WE HAVE BRICK AND MASONRY WORK, AND ARCHITECTURAL PANELING AND OTHER THINGS THAT NEED TO BE", "ovWprfgdYCu-00043-00003810-00003817": "WORK, AND ARCHITECTURAL PANELING AND OTHER THINGS THAT NEED TO BE", "ovWprfgdYCu-00044-00003817-00003897": "WORK, AND ARCHITECTURAL PANELING AND OTHER THINGS THAT NEED TO BE COMPLETED FOR THE PROJECT.", "ovWprfgdYCu-00045-00003897-00003903": "AND OTHER THINGS THAT NEED TO BE COMPLETED FOR THE PROJECT.", "ovWprfgdYCu-00046-00003903-00004124": "AND OTHER THINGS THAT NEED TO BE COMPLETED FOR THE PROJECT. SO EVERYTHING IS ON TRACK FOR", "ovWprfgdYCu-00047-00004124-00004130": "COMPLETED FOR THE PROJECT. SO EVERYTHING IS ON TRACK FOR", "ovWprfgdYCu-00048-00004130-00004360": "COMPLETED FOR THE PROJECT. SO EVERYTHING IS ON TRACK FOR BEING WRAPPED UP BY THE END OF", "ovWprfgdYCu-00049-00004360-00004367": "SO EVERYTHING IS ON TRACK FOR BEING WRAPPED UP BY THE END OF", "ovWprfgdYCu-00050-00004367-00004487": "SO EVERYTHING IS ON TRACK FOR BEING WRAPPED UP BY THE END OF THE MONTH.", "ovWprfgdYCu-00051-00004487-00004494": "BEING WRAPPED UP BY THE END OF THE MONTH.", "ovWprfgdYCu-00052-00004494-00004577": "BEING WRAPPED UP BY THE END OF THE MONTH. >> Dennis: THE THIRD STREET", "ovWprfgdYCu-00053-00004577-00004584": "THE MONTH. >> Dennis: THE THIRD STREET", "ovWprfgdYCu-00054-00004584-00004708": "THE MONTH. >> Dennis: THE THIRD STREET DOWNTOWN ARCH WAY PROJECT IS", "ovWprfgdYCu-00055-00004708-00004714": ">> Dennis: THE THIRD STREET DOWNTOWN ARCH WAY PROJECT IS", "ovWprfgdYCu-00056-00004714-00004834": ">> Dennis: THE THIRD STREET DOWNTOWN ARCH WAY PROJECT IS EXPECTED TO BE COMPLETED BY THE", "ovWprfgdYCu-00057-00004834-00004841": "DOWNTOWN ARCH WAY PROJECT IS EXPECTED TO BE COMPLETED BY THE", "ovWprfgdYCu-00058-00004841-00004934": "DOWNTOWN ARCH WAY PROJECT IS EXPECTED TO BE COMPLETED BY THE END OF THE MONTH."}}, {"audio_id": "owotL1beZi8", "text": {"owotL1beZi8-00000-00000000-00000200": "True Geordie Calls Out Andrew Tate For Being Guilty"}}, {"audio_id": "owA99t1hAo4", "text": {"owA99t1hAo4-00000-00000059-00000238": "Welcome", "owA99t1hAo4-00056-00015743-00015793": "click SUBSCRIBE", "owA99t1hAo4-00057-00015793-00015902": "Thanks"}}, {"audio_id": "ox9iS8RLId4", "text": {"ox9iS8RLId4-00000-00000000-00000596": "Chibi is chilling out on the table as usual after a meal.", "ox9iS8RLId4-00001-00000696-00000892": "I feel like someone is watching me.", "ox9iS8RLId4-00002-00000892-00000988": "Chibi!", "ox9iS8RLId4-00003-00000988-00001084": "What's up?", "ox9iS8RLId4-00004-00001284-00001480": "He's absent-minded lol", "ox9iS8RLId4-00005-00001680-00001976": "While Kuro is drinking water.", "ox9iS8RLId4-00006-00002076-00002473": "and she was heading straight to upstairs where my brother is.", "ox9iS8RLId4-00007-00002573-00002869": "Where is she going?", "ox9iS8RLId4-00008-00003169-00003565": "Like this, our sibling cats mostly spend in other floors!", "ox9iS8RLId4-00009-00003665-00003961": "Please check out our main videos, too :)"}}, {"audio_id": "oxARpNArq_E", "text": {"oxARpNArq_E-00000-00000000-00000590": "[ORGANISER] Andreas Antonopoulos! [Applause]", "oxARpNArq_E-00001-00000590-00001146": "[ANDREAS] It is such a huge pleasure to be here today. This is such a great community.", "oxARpNArq_E-00002-00001146-00001654": "Everyone here welcomed me with such  warmth and open arms, so thank you!", "oxARpNArq_E-00003-00001655-00002036": "Thank you so much for having me here tonight.", "oxARpNArq_E-00004-00002036-00002918": "I would like to talk about a couple important issues [regarding] regulatory legitimacy.", "oxARpNArq_E-00005-00002918-00003994": "The cryptocurrency space can achieve compliance with the payment card industry (PCI) standard...", "oxARpNArq_E-00006-00003994-00004478": "and Sarbanes-Oxley's Public Company  Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB).", "oxARpNArq_E-00007-00004478-00005160": "[We can incorporate] 'Know-Your-Customer' (KYC) and the anti-money laundering (AML) rules,", "oxARpNArq_E-00008-00005160-00005950": "which will allow us to achieve legitimacy with bankers and [gain] our position on the world stage...", "oxARpNArq_E-00009-00005950-00006870": "as a trusted, legitimate currency. [Laughter] [Applause]", "oxARpNArq_E-00010-00006870-00007754": "Eh, fuck that! [Laughter [Applause] No, I don't want to talk about that. Who wants to talk about that?", "oxARpNArq_E-00011-00007754-00009484": "[That stuff] is ridiculous. We don't need any legitimacy. We are having fun. We deal with more serious issues.", "oxARpNArq_E-00012-00009484-00010342": "There are a lot of serious people in Wall Street: dour faced, boring, soulless, parasitic people...", "oxARpNArq_E-00013-00010342-00010626": "wearing suits and ties.", "oxARpNArq_E-00014-00010626-00011816": "Guess what? They stole trillions of dollars and got away with it. Who needs their legitimacy? [Applause]", "oxARpNArq_E-00015-00011816-00012204": "I want to talk about things that are warm to my heart.", "oxARpNArq_E-00016-00012204-00012766": "Some of you may have heard the talks I have given recently, about currency as a language.", "oxARpNArq_E-00017-00012766-00013112": "Has anyone here heard some of those talks?", "oxARpNArq_E-00018-00013112-00014196": "Not many people, great. It will all sound brand new to you, a great opportunity for me to repeat myself.", "oxARpNArq_E-00019-00014196-00014828": "What I care about is charity and the other six billion.", "oxARpNArq_E-00020-00014828-00015563": "There are a billion people in this world who have access to bank accounts without currency controls,", "oxARpNArq_E-00021-00015563-00016654": "that can transmit money in international markets and access deep pools of liquid credit for loans.", "oxARpNArq_E-00022-00016654-00017060": "[That is] us, the rich people of the Western world.", "oxARpNArq_E-00023-00017060-00017660": "Then there is the other six billion people worn all around the world who have limited bank accounts...", "oxARpNArq_E-00024-00017660-00017848": "or no bank accounts at all.", "oxARpNArq_E-00025-00017848-00018332": "People who live on $1 per day if they are lucky.", "oxARpNArq_E-00026-00018332-00019108": "People who have no access to international markets, no access to international finance, no access to loans.", "oxARpNArq_E-00027-00019108-00019570": "No access to opportunity.", "oxARpNArq_E-00028-00019570-00020220": "I would like to think that I am a really smart guy who got here because of efforts I made throughout my life,", "oxARpNArq_E-00029-00020220-00020554": "but we all know that is bullshit.", "oxARpNArq_E-00030-00020554-00020794": "I got here through an accident of birth,", "oxARpNArq_E-00031-00020794-00021314": "which put me in a white middle-class society of the developed nation of Greece.", "oxARpNArq_E-00032-00021314-00022086": "As a child of professional, educated parents, I was swimming with current all the way.", "oxARpNArq_E-00033-00022086-00022932": "There are hundreds of thousands of people smarter than me, dying of diphtheria somewhere in the world.", "oxARpNArq_E-00034-00022932-00023740": "I care about what we could do with cryptocurrencies to bring economic development and inclusion.", "oxARpNArq_E-00035-00023740-00024602": "[I care about] bringing the other six billion [people] into a world economy without borders, political corruption,", "oxARpNArq_E-00036-00024602-00025850": "and massive theft by parasitic banks. [Applause]", "oxARpNArq_E-00037-00025850-00026336": "And it starts with charity at a very basic level.", "oxARpNArq_E-00038-00026336-00026776": "This community [speaks about] charity more than any other cryptocurrency community.", "oxARpNArq_E-00039-00026776-00027495": "Thank you so much for leading the way and [being] an example of what we can do with cryptocurrency,", "oxARpNArq_E-00040-00027495-00027686": "when we think [about] doing good.", "oxARpNArq_E-00041-00027686-00028002": "That is what is amazing about this community.", "oxARpNArq_E-00042-00028002-00028702": "Bitcoin has a lot of charity too. We have achieved some amazing things in the Bitcoin space [through charity].", "oxARpNArq_E-00043-00028702-00029530": "About a month and a half ago, Newsweek destroyed the life of an innocent old man called Dorian Nakamoto,", "oxARpNArq_E-00044-00029530-00029939": "by saying that he was the creator of this currency.", "oxARpNArq_E-00045-00029942-00030718": "I started a fundraiser; within six hours, we raised more than thirty bitcoin for Dorian, Nakamoto.", "oxARpNArq_E-00046-00030718-00031408": "Now, we have raised almost fifty bitcoin to help this man put his life together [again].", "oxARpNArq_E-00047-00031408-00032324": "At the same time, Sean's Outpost, one of my favourite major charities, distributed sixty-five thousand meals...", "oxARpNArq_E-00048-00032324-00032545": "for the homeless of Pensacola, Florida in the last year.", "oxARpNArq_E-00049-00032545-00033030": "[They] tapped into Bitcoin and used it to raise money from people all around the world.", "oxARpNArq_E-00050-00033030-00033880": "If people care, they can now send money anywhere in the world to support the charity of their choice.", "oxARpNArq_E-00051-00033880-00035300": "[Applause] When there was a typhoon in the Philippines, Fr33aid raised money and set over $5,000 within a day.", "oxARpNArq_E-00052-00035300-00035864": "[The money went] right on the ground where it mattered, where it could make a difference in people's lives...", "oxARpNArq_E-00053-00035864-00036964": "without having to worry about regulations, [slow] wire transfers, or giving Western Union a 20% cut.", "oxARpNArq_E-00054-00036964-00037596": "All of these charities take [bitcoin as] a currency and turning it into a force for good.", "oxARpNArq_E-00055-00037596-00037862": "But that is only the beginning.", "oxARpNArq_E-00056-00037862-00038584": "We have the opportunity to subvert and improve some of the most exploited markets in the world.", "oxARpNArq_E-00057-00038584-00039130": "The first one I care about a lot is the international remittances market.", "oxARpNArq_E-00058-00039130-00039846": "Every year, poor people in the developed world who are migrants and have jobs as itinerant workers...", "oxARpNArq_E-00059-00039846-00040670": "[They are mostly] Mexicans here in the United States; Indians in different places like Dubai, for construction...", "oxARpNArq_E-00060-00040670-00041398": "They send money home to their families abroad. $500 billion [in total] primarily goes to four countries:", "oxARpNArq_E-00061-00041398-00041952": "Mexico, the Philippines, Indonesia, and India.", "oxARpNArq_E-00062-00041952-00042918": "That $500 billion is a lot more than what we in the developed world send in terms of financial aid.", "oxARpNArq_E-00063-00042918-00043462": "Approximately $175 billion has been sent by our governments to the developing world.", "oxARpNArq_E-00064-00043462-00044036": "Guess where that money goes? [Financial aid] from our government goes to the top of their governments...", "oxARpNArq_E-00065-00044036-00044254": "and then trickles down.", "oxARpNArq_E-00066-00044254-00045020": "Only about 5% actually reaches the people in need because the rest is taken through corruption.", "oxARpNArq_E-00067-00045020-00045922": "Meanwhile, out of the $500 billion sent through remittances, $75 billion is collected as fees...", "oxARpNArq_E-00068-00045922-00046130": "by companies like Western Union.", "oxARpNArq_E-00069-00046130-00046910": "They charge anywhere from 5% to more than 25% on the money that people are sending home to their families.", "oxARpNArq_E-00070-00046910-00047584": "That is $75 billion [taken] out of the pockets of the poorest people on this planet. We can change that.", "oxARpNArq_E-00071-00047584-00047868": "We can change that right now.", "oxARpNArq_E-00072-00047868-00048528": "Cryptocurrencies enable flows of money from the developed nations to the developing world,", "oxARpNArq_E-00073-00048528-00049024": "to give back that $75 billion to the people who need it most.", "oxARpNArq_E-00074-00049024-00049472": "If you take that money [back] and put it in  the pockets of the poorest people in the world,", "oxARpNArq_E-00075-00049472-00050016": "specifically the pockets of women who run the finances in their communities,", "oxARpNArq_E-00076-00050016-00050696": "[receiving] money from their husbands and family members abroad, they will convert every single dollar...", "oxARpNArq_E-00077-00050696-00051267": "[into improving] water [access], sanitation, education, and healthcare.", "oxARpNArq_E-00078-00051267-00052040": "They have an immediate impact that reaches very far in their own community. That is how we change the world.", "oxARpNArq_E-00079-00052040-00053422": "That is what we can do with cryptocurrencies. That is what I care about. [Applause]", "oxARpNArq_E-00080-00053422-00054240": "One of the questions I have been thinking about for the last year is, how do altcoins behave against each other?", "oxARpNArq_E-00081-00054240-00054862": "Whether they are in competition or not. The underlying question is one of scarcity.", "oxARpNArq_E-00082-00054862-00055500": "A lot of people think other coins compete directly with bitcoin, and if there are too many coins,", "oxARpNArq_E-00083-00055500-00056091": "that dilutes the value and digital scarcity created by bitcoin.", "oxARpNArq_E-00084-00056091-00056746": "I think that is a very old fashioned way to look at currency. We think of currency that way because...", "oxARpNArq_E-00085-00056746-00057055": "Throughout our lives, we have grown up in a world...", "oxARpNArq_E-00086-00057055-00057608": "of national sovereign currencies that exist in a monopolistic zero-sum game.", "oxARpNArq_E-00087-00057608-00058329": "Winning for my currency and my nation is a zero-sum game against [another nation's] currency.", "oxARpNArq_E-00088-00058329-00059120": "All these currencies exhibit a [geo-political] monopoly. If I live in the United States, I am born into U.S. dollars.", "oxARpNArq_E-00089-00059120-00059732": "I don't have a choice. I must pay my taxes in U.S. dollars, and that is the currency I will use [while I'm there].", "oxARpNArq_E-00090-00059732-00060196": "Well, [some of] that is no longer the case.  [Because of Bitcoin], currency is now a choice.", "oxARpNArq_E-00091-00060196-00061296": "With these digital currencies created by individuals, we can now choose any currency we want to interact with.", "oxARpNArq_E-00092-00061296-00062262": "In making that choice, we also choose our community and the currency which best represents our values.", "oxARpNArq_E-00093-00062262-00062694": "[That choice] is more powerful than any vote in the world.", "oxARpNArq_E-00094-00062694-00063391": "Let's think about what it means to choose a currency and how that currency derives value.", "oxARpNArq_E-00095-00063391-00064160": "We need to re-think the word. Currency used to be defined by the authority of the sovereign who created it.", "oxARpNArq_E-00096-00064160-00064784": "The sovereign who created the currency would put the force and monopoly of the state behind it...", "oxARpNArq_E-00097-00064784-00065210": "to give it value, and that is what gave currency value in the old world.", "oxARpNArq_E-00098-00065210-00066132": "In this world, a cryptocurrency with a funny dog [as its mascot] has value. Why? Because it has value to you.", "oxARpNArq_E-00099-00066132-00066686": "You give it value by using that currency.", "oxARpNArq_E-00100-00066686-00067170": "What happens in ten or fifteen years as cryptocurrencies become more widespread?", "oxARpNArq_E-00101-00067170-00067688": "How do you look at value in a world where anybody can create a currency?", "oxARpNArq_E-00102-00067688-00068230": "What does it mean if, someday, you [travel to] a rural environment in Africa,", "oxARpNArq_E-00103-00068230-00068552": "which is predominantly using two currencies:", "oxARpNArq_E-00104-00068552-00069594": "one has a funny dog, and the other has an old white woman named Elizabeth.", "oxARpNArq_E-00105-00069594-00070104": "Well, I can tell you something. The people in that village probably don't know who Elizabeth is.", "oxARpNArq_E-00106-00070104-00070874": "They will certainly have no clue what the hell that dog is and why its eyes look like that. [Laughter]", "oxARpNArq_E-00107-00070874-00071388": "What they do know: you could use either  one of these currencies to buy six eggs.", "oxARpNArq_E-00108-00071388-00072190": "That is all that matters. If a currency is useful as a means of exchange, then that currency has value.", "oxARpNArq_E-00109-00072190-00073074": "You can have a thousand economists write a thousand PhD papers that tell you exactly why it's not a currency.", "oxARpNArq_E-00110-00073074-00073564": "But if you can buy six eggs, then it is a currency and nothing else matters.", "oxARpNArq_E-00111-00073564-00074204": "What is the fundamental difference between currencies if they have monetary value at the point of purchase?", "oxARpNArq_E-00112-00074204-00075050": "If they can be used to exchange for goods and services by people in a community who will use that currency?", "oxARpNArq_E-00113-00075050-00075720": "Well, one of the currencies has a predictable, deterministic, fixed monetary supply.", "oxARpNArq_E-00114-00075720-00076270": "The other currency has an old white lady on the front. That is the only difference.", "oxARpNArq_E-00115-00076270-00076872": "They sure as hell didn't pick that currency  and they don't know why Elizabeth is on it.", "oxARpNArq_E-00116-00076872-00077774": "Maybe she won a popularity contest. Well, so did the dog. [Laughter]", "oxARpNArq_E-00117-00077774-00078250": "We now live in the world where currency acquires value through its use.", "oxARpNArq_E-00118-00078250-00079024": "If you can transact internationally with a currency, the only thing that matters is how many people use it,", "oxARpNArq_E-00119-00079024-00079202": "and how they use that currency.", "oxARpNArq_E-00120-00079202-00079786": "If they use that currency, that gives it value, by definition.", "oxARpNArq_E-00121-00079786-00080720": "How do we survive in that kind of world where value is determined purely by adoption, not by a sovereign.", "oxARpNArq_E-00122-00080720-00081172": "Not by the regulations that back it, but by the algorithms that run it.", "oxARpNArq_E-00123-00081172-00081768": "Not by trust in the central authority with the  ability to print as much money as it wants,", "oxARpNArq_E-00124-00081768-00082362": "who hands that money over at 0% interest to the biggest banks, in trickle-down economics.", "oxARpNArq_E-00125-00082362-00082896": "By algorithms that are predictable,  deterministic, and remove uncertainty.", "oxARpNArq_E-00126-00082896-00083502": "By algorithms that allow us to see how the currency will develop over time.", "oxARpNArq_E-00127-00083502-00084260": "In that world, adoption is the only thing that matters. We don't know how to live in that world.", "oxARpNArq_E-00128-00084260-00084772": "That world hasn't come yet, but I think it is coming and coming fast.", "oxARpNArq_E-00129-00084772-00085562": "I think the idea of [only having 180 national] currencies will seem quaint in a couple of decades.", "oxARpNArq_E-00130-00085562-00086268": "In fact, until recently, I thought we would only have a couple hundred altcoins, and I changed my mind.", "oxARpNArq_E-00131-00086268-00086576": "Guess what? I am often wrong.", "oxARpNArq_E-00132-00086576-00087128": "But when I get new facts, I form new opinions, because the old opinions don't fit the facts anymore.", "oxARpNArq_E-00133-00087128-00087922": "As I saw the explosion of alternative currencies, which in itself is a somewhat patronizing [term]...", "oxARpNArq_E-00134-00087922-00088598": "As I saw the development of altcoins, I realized that we will not just have hundreds of currencies.", "oxARpNArq_E-00135-00088598-00089244": "Let's do a quick poll. How many of you think that, in a decade, we will have hundreds of coins?", "oxARpNArq_E-00136-00089244-00090226": "Thousands? Tens of thousands? Hundreds of thousands? Millions?", "oxARpNArq_E-00137-00090226-00090524": "All right, now we are having a conversation.", "oxARpNArq_E-00138-00090524-00091078": "What does it mean to live in the world with hundreds of thousands or millions of currencies?", "oxARpNArq_E-00139-00091078-00091642": "The key realization came when I saw a website that allowed me to build a cryptocurrency...", "oxARpNArq_E-00140-00091642-00092352": "by entering a name and monetary policy from a drop-down box in a web form, and [clicking] 'submit.'", "oxARpNArq_E-00141-00092352-00092662": "You needed to pay about $50 to do that,", "oxARpNArq_E-00142-00092662-00093184": "but I guarantee that by the end of the year,  you will be able to do that for free.", "oxARpNArq_E-00143-00093184-00094092": "Then I realized that everybody will do it.  At a very basic level, currency is a language.", "oxARpNArq_E-00144-00094092-00094338": "Currency is a means of expression.", "oxARpNArq_E-00145-00094338-00094744": "Currency is the language by which we communicate value to each other.", "oxARpNArq_E-00146-00094744-00095282": "Currency is an emergent artifact of a social species.", "oxARpNArq_E-00147-00095282-00095864": "Let me repeat that: currency is an  emergent artifact of a social species.", "oxARpNArq_E-00148-00095864-00096580": "How do you know that? Observe five year-olds.", "oxARpNArq_E-00149-00096580-00097350": "Go into a primary school, watch how five-year-olds behave. They don't have currency, so they invent it.", "oxARpNArq_E-00150-00097350-00098280": "They invent currency as soon as they develop social bonds within a broad social environment.", "oxARpNArq_E-00151-00098310-00099292": "If you go into a primary school, you will see children trading cards, Pokémon, Tamagotchi, rubber bands,", "oxARpNArq_E-00152-00099292-00099856": "candy, cafeteria credits, whatever.", "oxARpNArq_E-00153-00099856-00100314": "It is not unlike a prison, in many ways. [Laughter]", "oxARpNArq_E-00154-00100314-00100578": "The only difference is, they don't allow them to have cigarettes.", "oxARpNArq_E-00155-00100578-00100984": "Otherwise, that would be the predominant currency.", "oxARpNArq_E-00156-00100984-00101642": "But they do allow them to have doughnuts;  in many schools, that is the predominant currency.", "oxARpNArq_E-00157-00101642-00102626": "Currency emerges in social environments because it is used by individuals to express value, appreciation,", "oxARpNArq_E-00158-00102626-00103596": "to express popularity and strengthen social bonds, to create social experiences.", "oxARpNArq_E-00159-00103596-00104042": "That is what currency does. Trade is a social interaction.", "oxARpNArq_E-00160-00104042-00104550": "Currency is the language that allows us to have that social interaction.", "oxARpNArq_E-00161-00104550-00105309": "When children are able to create currency,  that means everyone can create currency.", "oxARpNArq_E-00162-00105309-00106138": "There will be a JoeyCoin competing with MariaCoin in the primary school, in a battle of popularity.", "oxARpNArq_E-00163-00106138-00107016": "Yes, there will be. There will be BieberCoin and MetallicaCoin. You can see how old I am. [Laughter]", "oxARpNArq_E-00164-00107016-00107620": "Maybe AndreasCoin. I will pre-mine the hell out of it.", "oxARpNArq_E-00165-00107620-00108724": "There will be coins of all types, representing brands, corporations, your local mall, used as a loyalty card.", "oxARpNArq_E-00166-00108724-00109600": "There will be coins representing bands and silly memes. I am at a conference for one of those [right now].", "oxARpNArq_E-00167-00109600-00110320": "It doesn't matter. All of these coins may or may not have [some value].", "oxARpNArq_E-00168-00110320-00110888": "But realize that there is a big difference between monetary value and [other forms of value].", "oxARpNArq_E-00169-00110888-00111711": "The vast majority of the tens of thousands of coins which may exist, will have no monetary value.", "oxARpNArq_E-00170-00111711-00112620": "You can try telling Joey that his coin doesn't have [monetary] value; it has value to Joey and his friends.", "oxARpNArq_E-00171-00112620-00113435": "It can be used to express popularity in a social market. It has value to the followers of [Justin] Bieber.", "oxARpNArq_E-00172-00113435-00114396": "In some cases, it may [be more valuable] than some of the national currencies out there, if he ever launches it.", "oxARpNArq_E-00173-00114396-00114920": "How do we live in the world where there are hundreds of thousands of coins, and most of them have no value?", "oxARpNArq_E-00174-00114920-00115200": "We disassociate value from authority.", "oxARpNArq_E-00175-00115200-00115896": "We understand that value does not derive from who created it, but only from who is using it.", "oxARpNArq_E-00176-00115896-00116326": "We already live in that world in terms of information.", "oxARpNArq_E-00177-00116326-00117056": "We used to [read] published opinion as being authoritative if it came from a publisher...", "oxARpNArq_E-00178-00117056-00117564": "with a giant printing press and a fancy name, like the New York Times.", "oxARpNArq_E-00179-00117564-00118056": "Then we [transitioned] to a world where  everyone on the street could publish an opinion.", "oxARpNArq_E-00180-00118056-00118580": "We needed to revise our understanding of  authority, because it no longer fit the facts.", "oxARpNArq_E-00181-00118580-00119396": "Sometimes, people from very esteemed institutions like the New York Times, such as \"journalist\" Judith Miller,", "oxARpNArq_E-00182-00119396-00119768": "lie about weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) in Iraq,", "oxARpNArq_E-00183-00119770-00120194": "[a lie which] kills hundreds of thousands of people.", "oxARpNArq_E-00184-00120194-00121032": "Sometimes, an Egyptian blogger, a nobody, tells the truth about the regime of Mubarak, because they are there.", "oxARpNArq_E-00185-00121032-00121811": "We live in a world where [value] comes from the content, not from the authority of the printing press.", "oxARpNArq_E-00186-00121811-00122078": "And now we just did that to currency.", "oxARpNArq_E-00187-00122078-00122774": "Currency gains [value] not because of who created it, but by who uses it.", "oxARpNArq_E-00188-00122774-00123380": "In a few decades, you might be surprised about which currency [achieved] monetary value status.", "oxARpNArq_E-00189-00123380-00123628": "It will be a very grey line.", "oxARpNArq_E-00190-00123628-00124652": "I think we will see currencies that suddenly erupt, capture the imagination of an entire community,", "oxARpNArq_E-00191-00124652-00124909": "and then acquire value.", "oxARpNArq_E-00192-00124909-00125335": "I have some bad news, the other way [this] could go.", "oxARpNArq_E-00193-00125335-00126048": "Some of these currencies will have monetary value and then fade into nothingness again.", "oxARpNArq_E-00194-00126048-00126685": "A bubbling cauldron full of currencies where some rise to the surface, and then sink down quickly.", "oxARpNArq_E-00195-00126685-00127211": "Some stay afloat [for the long term]. I think Bitcoin will be one of the powerful ones.", "oxARpNArq_E-00196-00127211-00127578": "I'm not sure about Dogecoin yet, but it is looking pretty promising.", "oxARpNArq_E-00197-00127578-00128344": "I think it is very interesting how this community demonstrated to the world what marketing can do,", "oxARpNArq_E-00198-00128344-00128824": "by having a positive and charitable spirit.", "oxARpNArq_E-00199-00128824-00129252": "That is the new world I think we will live in, within a couple of decades.", "oxARpNArq_E-00200-00129252-00129482": "It will be a very interesting world.", "oxARpNArq_E-00201-00129482-00130268": "That is what I wanted to talk about today, the role of currency as language and form of societal [expression].", "oxARpNArq_E-00202-00130268-00131006": "Thank you so much! [Applause]"}}]