diff --git "a/data/en000/text/00000003.json" "b/data/en000/text/00000003.json" new file mode 100644--- /dev/null +++ "b/data/en000/text/00000003.json" @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +[{"audio_id": "Yg3lItJs7-Q", "text": {"Yg3lItJs7-Q-00000-00000478-00000742": "She is iSiro Gervi", "Yg3lItJs7-Q-00001-00001062-00001284": "My special friend", "Yg3lItJs7-Q-00002-00001664-00001984": "Siro is 11 months old. Rottweiler breed", "Yg3lItJs7-Q-00003-00002362-00002518": "a funny dog", "Yg3lItJs7-Q-00004-00002866-00003056": "very lovely", "Yg3lItJs7-Q-00005-00003460-00003656": "how cute!", "Yg3lItJs7-Q-00006-00004120-00004310": "how lovely", "Yg3lItJs7-Q-00007-00004864-00005060": "same as baby", "Yg3lItJs7-Q-00008-00005726-00005890": "11 months old girl", "Yg3lItJs7-Q-00009-00006609-00006772": "a good dog", "Yg3lItJs7-Q-00010-00007273-00007458": "she loves me much", "Yg3lItJs7-Q-00011-00007938-00008136": "it is wonderful", "Yg3lItJs7-Q-00012-00008810-00009174": "dogs love their owners very much", "Yg3lItJs7-Q-00013-00009834-00010074": "Look at her eyes", "Yg3lItJs7-Q-00014-00010460-00010664": "how cute!", "Yg3lItJs7-Q-00015-00011074-00011202": "what?", "Yg3lItJs7-Q-00016-00011586-00011786": "nothing", "Yg3lItJs7-Q-00017-00012116-00012316": "don't stop, please!", "Yg3lItJs7-Q-00018-00012891-00013052": "good work. Siro feeling well", "Yg3lItJs7-Q-00019-00013412-00013612": "good job. keep it up plz", "Yg3lItJs7-Q-00020-00013934-00014056": "why you stop?", "Yg3lItJs7-Q-00021-00014463-00014663": "do it more, plz", "Yg3lItJs7-Q-00022-00014916-00015036": "yeah, correctly", "Yg3lItJs7-Q-00023-00015269-00015468": "Siro likes this!", "Yg3lItJs7-Q-00024-00016004-00016178": "keep it up, plz", "Yg3lItJs7-Q-00025-00016578-00016696": "yes, it is correct", "Yg3lItJs7-Q-00026-00017702-00017802": "keep it up! uhm uhm uhm", "Yg3lItJs7-Q-00027-00019660-00019828": "how lovely!", "Yg3lItJs7-Q-00028-00020008-00020108": "how cute", "Yg3lItJs7-Q-00029-00021334-00021492": "good girl", "Yg3lItJs7-Q-00030-00022276-00022536": "Siro said: love you so much", "Yg3lItJs7-Q-00031-00023400-00023500": "how cute Siro", "Yg3lItJs7-Q-00032-00024538-00024698": "lovely", "Yg3lItJs7-Q-00033-00027654-00027754": "simple playing", "Yg3lItJs7-Q-00034-00029938-00030038": "a funny afternoon", "Yg3lItJs7-Q-00035-00031598-00031974": "how do you think about Siro? about rottweiler?"}}, {"audio_id": "Yg3tMJTDpFg", "text": {"Yg3tMJTDpFg-00000-00002160-00002534": "[Microsoft Mary (SAPI 5)] All right everybody, this isa 50 frames/s video.", "Yg3tMJTDpFg-00001-00002534-00002963": "This time, we are going to cue the Google BroadcastingNetwork logo.", "Yg3tMJTDpFg-00002-00002963-00003236": "Roll camera. Cue the coloured bars.", "Yg3tMJTDpFg-00003-00004558-00005222": "[Microsoft Mary (SAPI 4)] Um, excuse me? GBN, you are not supposed toremove the saturation so it's black and white.", "Yg3tMJTDpFg-00004-00005222-00005564": "You are supposed to cue in colour. Change it now.", "Yg3tMJTDpFg-00005-00006919-00007117": "[TruVoice Wanda] Nope, that's not it either.", "Yg3tMJTDpFg-00006-00007117-00007636": "Althoughyou did manage to re-saturate it, why did you cycle the colour hues?", "Yg3tMJTDpFg-00007-00007636-00008024": "You aresupposed to be in regular colours. Change it.", "Yg3tMJTDpFg-00008-00009368-00009807": "[Microsoft Anna] No no no no no. You are not supposed tocue it in Night Vision!", "Yg3tMJTDpFg-00009-00009807-00010104": "Not even if the logo may not have enough light.", "Yg3tMJTDpFg-00010-00010104-00010448": "Remember thatNight Vision can be a waste of electricity.", "Yg3tMJTDpFg-00011-00010448-00010651": "Now, change it.", "Yg3tMJTDpFg-00012-00010651-00010974": "[TruVoice Peter] Alright alrightalright. Sheesh!", "Yg3tMJTDpFg-00013-00010974-00011154": "[Microsoft David] And shush the sheesh!", "Yg3tMJTDpFg-00014-00012510-00012822": "[Microsoft Zira] Nope, now you've changed the music.", "Yg3tMJTDpFg-00015-00012822-00013115": "Alright, I'm giving you one more chance,", "Yg3tMJTDpFg-00016-00013115-00013450": "andif you screw up once more, you're done.", "Yg3tMJTDpFg-00017-00013450-00013576": "Now go.", "Yg3tMJTDpFg-00018-00014937-00015400": "[Microsoft David] Yes, great job on that last take. Very welldone!", "Yg3tMJTDpFg-00019-00015400-00015810": "[Microsoft Zira] Note that, because this is the last episode of season 3,", "Yg3tMJTDpFg-00020-00015810-00016559": "the studio will be closedfrom tomorrow, and will reopen on 2021-01-06 [Wed].", "Yg3tMJTDpFg-00021-00016559-00016944": "Hope y'all havea lovely holiday, and we'll see you then!", "Yg3tMJTDpFg-00022-00017235-00017344": "[Vicki] Macintosh.", "Yg3tMJTDpFg-00023-00017636-00017743": "[Vicki] Macintosh.", "Yg3tMJTDpFg-00024-00018036-00018138": "[Vicki] Macintosh.", "Yg3tMJTDpFg-00025-00018438-00018530": "[Vicki] Macintosh.", "Yg3tMJTDpFg-00026-00018835-00018944": "[Vicki] Macintosh.", "Yg3tMJTDpFg-00027-00019237-00019335": "[Vicki] Macintosh.", "Yg3tMJTDpFg-00028-00019637-00019742": "[Vicki] Macintosh.", "Yg3tMJTDpFg-00029-00020037-00020136": "[Vicki] Macintosh.", "Yg3tMJTDpFg-00030-00020437-00020535": "[Vicki] Macintosh."}}, {"audio_id": "Yg6GmVTfGRk", "text": {"Yg6GmVTfGRk-00000-00002536-00003360": "we are in Astoria. We've taken you on a tour of Greek Astoria, which is the group", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00001-00003360-00003714": "that a lot of people associate with Astoria most famously, but we're gonna", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00002-00003714-00004071": "cross the Mediterranean today and we're gonna take you to North Africa and the", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00003-00004071-00004461": "Middle East on Steinway Street. They call this neighborhood Little Egypt and there", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00004-00004461-00004971": "is a heavy Egyptian influence here, but there is also Lebanese spots, Moroccan", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00005-00004971-00005325": "spots Afghan, there's a bunch of different places here a lot of hookah", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00006-00005325-00005823": "spots. I'm so hungry. So this would be Friday night I'm so hungry. We're starving, but", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00007-00005823-00006927": "only have two stomachs, so we got our friends here with us, fellow Queens", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00008-00006927-00007586": "vloggers representing Astoria (represent Astoria), Friday night because we", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00009-00007586-00008211": "want to eat more, we only have two stomachs, so let's do this. Now we have four stomachs. Now we have four - yay", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00010-00008211-00009279": "more food yes! I think we should stop at this Little Morocco first.", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00011-00009279-00009903": "We're currently at our first stop which is Little Morocco. We have", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00012-00009903-00010296": "not eaten in a while, we're starving so we're gonne stop here first. And what's cool", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00013-00010296-00010699": "about this spot, Little Morocco, is that on Fridays, which is today, they have a", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00014-00010699-00011082": "couscous special. So we're gonna get that, maybe something else too.", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00015-00011082-00012714": "Let's go! Stop number one.", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00016-00015413-00016182": "This space is a bit tiny, there's four of us so we're gonna try. These are some of", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00017-00016182-00016902": "the best spots, the hole in the wall joints. What we got here - we got the Friday-only couscous, topped with veggies and Merguez sausage", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00018-00016902-00018285": "freshly grilled. \"Noooo!\" The merguez is covered in some couscous here. Let's take a bite.", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00019-00018285-00018689": "So juicy, so fresh", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00020-00018689-00019895": "So we're also gonna take a sip of the mint tea. Nice and minty. It's got plenty of mint in there. No sugar just tasting", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00021-00019895-00020222": "the tea and the mint, that's all you need.", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00022-00020406-00020931": "Can't neglect our veggies. Got some veggie here.", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00023-00020931-00022183": "Very soft, it's potato. Carrot here, too. Jumi's favorite vegetable. (I don't eat carrots). A lot of flavor in there, I taste some cinnamon", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00024-00022183-00022959": "Might be some bay leaves in there so good. It's that little broth they pour on top of the couscous on the veggies too.", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00025-00023103-00024412": "I can just eat the couscous by itself. Who's getting the last piece? Share? Let's split it half/half.", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00027-00025370-00025916": "That was actually our second or third time here and it was awesome. That", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00028-00025916-00026533": "couscous was so flavorful, the merguez. We almost got the lamb shank (almost)", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00029-00026533-00026873": "It was actually a good thing that we didn't get the second because we have a lot", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00030-00026873-00027163": "more places to eat tonight. It was awesome - a great start to this crawl.", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00031-00027163-00027773": "Now, let's go eat some more. We are here at our second stop. We're taking it for", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00032-00027773-00028145": "some seafood. We went from Morocco to the coast of", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00033-00028145-00028597": "Egypt here. We're at Alexandria, Egypt. Not really, it's too", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00034-00028597-00029006": "damn cold here to be in Alexandria right now. But, we are in front of AbuQir Seafood.", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00035-00029006-00029504": "It's an awesome spot for Egyptian style seafood and we're gonna get a nice mix here.", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00036-00029504-00029947": "We're gonna get some tagine, we're gonna get some grilled scallops and we're gonna", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00037-00029947-00030313": "see what else they got. Definitely some baba ghanoush. The baba ghanoush here is", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00038-00030313-00030758": "incredible! I remember it being very cumin-y and", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00039-00030758-00031597": "very very full of eggplant. So let's feast at stop numero dos. Number", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00040-00031597-00032218": "two let's eat.", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00041-00033162-00033615": "We got lucky we got a table right away!", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00042-00033815-00034971": "Definitely getting baba ghanoush. One baba ghanoush and one salad. We are ready to order,", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00043-00034971-00036202": "yes.", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00044-00036202-00036846": "We're gonna get these fried fish and we're gonna get this tagine.", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00046-00038333-00039026": "Look at all that dripping olive oil. This one has a lot of eggplant in it.", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00047-00039149-00039730": "There's so much cumin in here, this is cumin overload. And I'm a human fanatic as you", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00048-00039730-00040263": "well know. I can't get enough. Got the scallops grilled. Look how nicely seared", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00049-00040263-00040773": "they are on top. A lot of cumin dusted on top spice blend a little olive oil", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00050-00040773-00041305": "drizzled on top. These look tremendous! Here we have the fried whole anchovies", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00051-00041305-00041796": "We love the whole fried little fish, so when we saw these at another table we knew we", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00052-00041796-00042171": "had to get em. Looks like they're dusted with a lot of cumin, they look very crispy.", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00053-00042171-00043643": "They're so fresh. Anchovies that are deep fried. Let's take a bite. Fried food is the best thing ever, I think next to rice.", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00054-00044095-00044512": "It's crispy, but you can really still taste the fish. It's not too much", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00055-00044512-00044845": "breading on there and the spice doesn't overwheln. You really taste the", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00056-00044845-00045421": "fish and it's very fresh, clean. It's great. These ain't your anchovies on pizza here these are the", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00057-00045421-00046024": "real deal. Fresh, delicious, awesome. Gonna soak up olive oil and get some more of that spice", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00058-00046024-00046645": "on there. Look how perfectly seared the top of that is. Looks so crispy on top but", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00059-00046645-00047133": "also so moist on the bottom. Let's get a bite", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00060-00047455-00048044": "So fresh and so buttery. I taste I believe is paprika in here. It is", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00061-00048044-00048625": "amazing. These scallops are next level.", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00062-00050927-00051488": "We have the seafood tagine, it is packed with mixed seafood. Baby octopus - oh it", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00063-00051488-00051955": "almost jumped out there it's a little little frisky. Chopped up calamari squid", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00064-00051955-00052895": "here. And we got shrimp. Looks very tomato-ey. I see chopped up celery, some peppers tomato.", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00065-00052895-00053369": "Very unique Egyptian dish here. That's the reason why we chose this. You", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00066-00053369-00053839": "can't find this easily here in New York. Start off with baby octopus. I always gotta", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00067-00053839-00054341": "go octopus first you know, love it. So here it is - let's get a little mix of celery", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00068-00054341-00055013": "and the peppers drizzled on top with the sauce. Oh it smells so fragrant so", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00069-00055013-00055261": "much going on in here.", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00070-00055462-00055957": "Mmm octopus so fresh. Making a mess of course. This reminds me of an Egyptian version", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00071-00055957-00057634": "of jambalaya. This place is amazing, it really is. Third stop is Duzan", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00072-00057634-00058227": "Yeah we gotta go from Egypt to Palestine.", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00073-00061492-00062244": "You can really smell that olive oil. To start, foul mudammas. So this is fava beans with", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00074-00062244-00063079": "olive oil, tahini, paprika, a lot of spices. Very fragrant. Abu Ghosh hummus - this has", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00075-00063079-00063488": "roasted pine nuts on top. Looks like there's some cilantro,", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00076-00063488-00064016": "paprika, it looks delicious. We got that lovely shawarma that was shaved off with the", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00077-00064016-00064469": "metal meat shaver. There's some fries tucked underneath all that meat. There's some", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00078-00064469-00065054": "sumac onions, looks like some beets, some pickled turnips, cucumber tomato salad.", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00079-00065054-00065519": "Look at all that fluffy pita that comes with it too. We're gonna carbo-load. Dig", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00080-00065519-00065918": "into this hummus first. This abu ghosh hummus.", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00081-00065918-00066247": "A little pine nut on there.", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00082-00066333-00066889": "The olive oil really shines through. Tt's very earthy, a little pepperiness from", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00083-00066889-00067609": "the olive oil. It's very fresh and delicious. It's not overwhelmed by salt or any spice. It", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00084-00067609-00068206": "really lets the chickpeas, the tahini and then the pine nuts shine through. It's really good.", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00085-00068206-00068737": "Really smooth. So it's the foul mudammas. Let's get a scoop of that. This is one of the", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00086-00068737-00069190": "most underrated dishes around in this spot. At this spot they make it fresh to", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00087-00069190-00069688": "order. As you can see, whole fava beans in here, it's not just pureed. It's partially pureed,", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00088-00069688-00070771": "partially entire fava bean so. It's so garlicky, it's chunky but it's still", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00089-00070771-00071350": "smooth it's got that olive oil. It's got a little brininess. I'm not sure if", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00090-00071350-00071839": "that's from actual olives. It almost smells like it could be like olive juice. I'm not", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00091-00071839-00072459": "sure exactly, but it's so fragrant. It's a very unique dish.", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00092-00072606-00073042": "Let's take a bite of this chicken shawarma by itself. It's nice thinly", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00093-00073042-00073245": "sliced.", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00094-00073588-00074197": "It's got so much flavor in there. I don't know if there's a little turmeric. So fragrant - it's", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00095-00074197-00074534": "delicious. A little piece of crispy edge on it.", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00096-00074534-00075010": "Look how well-spiced, all those spices in there.", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00097-00076793-00077377": "Okay, so we kind of closed the place down.", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00098-00077377-00077577": "Oh my gosh, we're still going! Bye!", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00099-00077777-00077977": "We are stuffed - oh my god. Didn't think we'd be defeated by the food, but we were.", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00100-00079977-00080177": "We're at El Kayam. We are at the old school aka the Arab Community Center back in the day.", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00101-00080543-00081012": "El Kayam Coffee Shop - the old school OG Egyptian spot. This is the place we", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00102-00081012-00081518": "like to go to. We got our tea and cappuccino. Can't think of a much better combo with hookah than mint tea.", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00103-00083450-00084002": "2:40 in the morning, it's freezing out. We have full bellies, we had an awesome night", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00104-00084002-00084614": "tonight exploring Little Egypt Steinway. Three of our favorite spots and we got", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00105-00084614-00085291": "to chill out with two of our favorite bloggers - our favorite vloggers", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00106-00085291-00085988": "But they only have one vlog. So definitely check out Daniel and Naz. They got an", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00107-00085988-00086497": "awesome channel - great travel, New York stuff. Check them out, they're great", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00108-00086497-00086933": "We had a lot of fun showing them around. Like, subscribe and hit that Bell", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00109-00086933-00087251": "notification. Because you know you want to watch it right away you want to be the first", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00110-00087251-00087901": "to comment, right? Yes you do! Thanks for watching. Peace out", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00111-00088101-00088301": "This is dedication for you.", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00113-00088501-00088701": "Doin' it for the vlog!", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00114-00088701-00088901": "Lady, what happened?", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00115-00088901-00089101": "I got a little too excited.", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00116-00089101-00089301": "I heard it was good for your hair.", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00117-00089701-00089901": "And it landed in your jacket.", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00118-00090101-00090301": "I think it's literally in your jacket", "Yg6GmVTfGRk-00119-00090604-00091062": "I saved it I did save it"}}, {"audio_id": "YghTTMVGwkc", "text": {"YghTTMVGwkc-00000-00000016-00000408": "what's going on everybody welcome back to another sql tutorial today we are talking", "YghTTMVGwkc-00001-00000408-00000919": "about stored procedures now what is a stored procedure a stored procedure is a group of", "YghTTMVGwkc-00002-00000919-00001376": "sql statements that has been created and then stored in that database a stored procedure can", "YghTTMVGwkc-00003-00001376-00001823": "accept input parameters and we will be looking at that today but that means that a single stored", "YghTTMVGwkc-00004-00001823-00002352": "procedure can be used over the network by several different users and we can all be using different", "YghTTMVGwkc-00005-00002352-00002800": "input data a stored procedure will also reduce network traffic and increase the performance", "YghTTMVGwkc-00006-00002800-00003224": "and lastly if we modify that stored procedure everyone who uses that stored procedure in the", "YghTTMVGwkc-00007-00003224-00003592": "future will also get that update let's start writing out the stored procedures so we can", "YghTTMVGwkc-00008-00003592-00003992": "look at the syntax we'll start off very simple and then in the next one we'll get a little bit", "YghTTMVGwkc-00009-00003992-00004560": "more complicated so the very first thing that you need to write is create and then procedure", "YghTTMVGwkc-00010-00004640-00005168": "and after that you're going to name it so let's just call this one test and all you're going to", "YghTTMVGwkc-00011-00005168-00005784": "say is as and then you're going to write your query and so let's just do select everything", "YghTTMVGwkc-00012-00005944-00006664": "from employee demographics and that is it we have created our very first stored procedure", "YghTTMVGwkc-00013-00006664-00007216": "of course this is super super simple but let's execute this really quick and take a look at it", "YghTTMVGwkc-00014-00007216-00007759": "so it says that the commands completed successfully let's go over to our sql tutorial", "YghTTMVGwkc-00015-00007759-00008288": "we're going to go over to programmability store procedures and it is not showing up there what", "YghTTMVGwkc-00016-00008288-00008704": "we need to do is we need to refresh our stored procedures we're just going to go right here", "YghTTMVGwkc-00017-00008776-00009224": "we're going to click refresh and then there is our stored procedure now how do you actually use", "YghTTMVGwkc-00018-00009224-00009736": "this stored procedure that we just created so let's go right down here and let's say", "YghTTMVGwkc-00019-00009872-00010688": "x which means execute and then all we're going to say is test and we're going to run this and there", "YghTTMVGwkc-00020-00010688-00011216": "we go so all we put in this stored procedure was a select statement and so when we actually ran the", "YghTTMVGwkc-00021-00011216-00011696": "stored procedure it returned our select statement now let's go down here we're going to make it a", "YghTTMVGwkc-00022-00011696-00012224": "little bit more complicated we're going to do the exact same thing in create store procedure", "YghTTMVGwkc-00023-00012440-00013119": "make sure i spelled that right and let's call this temp underscore employee so if you remember", "YghTTMVGwkc-00024-00013119-00013552": "from a previous video we worked on temp tables and we created our attempt tables then inserted", "YghTTMVGwkc-00025-00013552-00013960": "data into that we are going to add that to this stored procedure so we can see the difference", "YghTTMVGwkc-00026-00013960-00014408": "between a simple query versus a little bit more complicated query so i'm going to say", "YghTTMVGwkc-00027-00014408-00014976": "as and then i'm going to insert that in here now what this is doing is i'm creating a table", "YghTTMVGwkc-00028-00015063-00015528": "and then right down here i am inserting that table now if i create this stored procedure and then", "YghTTMVGwkc-00029-00015528-00015984": "execute it nothing is actually going to be returned it will insert the data into that temp", "YghTTMVGwkc-00030-00015984-00016480": "table but since i don't have a select statement in this stored procedure nothing will be returned", "YghTTMVGwkc-00031-00016480-00017544": "so let's write select everything and we'll just do from and this is temp employee and right here", "YghTTMVGwkc-00032-00017544-00018424": "and so now let's create our stored procedure so that created successfully let's refresh over here", "YghTTMVGwkc-00033-00018424-00018760": "and let's execute this so let's just go down right here", "YghTTMVGwkc-00034-00018912-00019560": "and say execute and it's going to be temp employee and now we will execute this", "YghTTMVGwkc-00035-00019712-00020320": "and there is our output now really quick let's go into temp employee and we actually want to change", "YghTTMVGwkc-00036-00020320-00020864": "this stored procedure so we're going to go over to modify so when we modify it a few things are going", "YghTTMVGwkc-00037-00020864-00021272": "to show up on your screen the first thing that you're going to see is it says use sql tutorial", "YghTTMVGwkc-00038-00021272-00021752": "so it's just specifying the database the next two things you may not be as familiar with it's set", "YghTTMVGwkc-00039-00021752-00022336": "ansi nulls and then set quoted identifier if you don't know what these are it's not super important", "YghTTMVGwkc-00040-00022336-00022768": "the first one just talks about how to deal with nulls when you're using the where statement", "YghTTMVGwkc-00041-00022768-00023296": "and then the quoted identifier just talks about how it uses quotes in the actual query itself", "YghTTMVGwkc-00042-00023296-00023744": "again not super important but they have those automatically turned on let's go down a little", "YghTTMVGwkc-00043-00023744-00024272": "bit further and we're going to look at the alter procedure so we created our stored procedure but", "YghTTMVGwkc-00044-00024272-00024912": "now we want to alter it so this is the alter procedure and we're going to add a parameter", "YghTTMVGwkc-00045-00024912-00025376": "to this so what the parameter is going to allow us to do is when we're actually executing the stored", "YghTTMVGwkc-00046-00025376-00026016": "procedure we can specify an input internet stored procedures so that we get a specific result back", "YghTTMVGwkc-00047-00026016-00026464": "and i'm going to show you what i mean by that in just a second but let's actually add our input", "YghTTMVGwkc-00048-00026464-00027239": "and we're going to say at i'm going to say job title and we need to specify the data type that", "YghTTMVGwkc-00049-00027239-00027895": "that is going to be so let's just say nvar char 100 i know below it says varchar 100 but that's", "YghTTMVGwkc-00050-00027968-00028600": "not extremely important so this is going to be our input so we need to go down here and say where", "YghTTMVGwkc-00051-00028712-00029512": "job title is equal to at job title so when we actually are executing this and we say", "YghTTMVGwkc-00052-00029512-00030008": "the job title is equal to let's say accountant this is going to become accountant and it's going", "YghTTMVGwkc-00053-00030008-00030512": "to give us our results based off of it being an accountant so let's go over here and we're going", "YghTTMVGwkc-00054-00030512-00031127": "to click this execute temp employee which we just modified and when we run it we're going to get an", "YghTTMVGwkc-00055-00031127-00031824": "error because it is now expecting us to include our parameter of job title so what we need to do", "YghTTMVGwkc-00056-00031824-00032727": "is we need to say at job title and let's say it's equal to a salesman now let's try running this one", "YghTTMVGwkc-00057-00032727-00033304": "and see what we get and so there is our output if we go back here i just wanted to show you really", "YghTTMVGwkc-00058-00033304-00033832": "quick we do not have to put this job title right here you can put this anywhere in the query and", "YghTTMVGwkc-00059-00033832-00034304": "use it however you want that's how parameters work and that's why parameters are so useful", "YghTTMVGwkc-00060-00034304-00034664": "and you can use multiple parameters for one stored procedure so you don't have to just", "YghTTMVGwkc-00061-00034664-00035168": "limit yourself to one or none you can put as many as you really like so i hope that this", "YghTTMVGwkc-00062-00035168-00035552": "video was helpful and that you understand stored procedures just a little bit better", "YghTTMVGwkc-00063-00035552-00035840": "thank you guys so much for watching i really appreciate it"}}, {"audio_id": "Yg-Y2--S7q8", "text": {"Yg-Y2--S7q8-00000-00000039-00000422": "- Thank you all for being here, appreciate it.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00001-00000476-00000601": "Good afternoon.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00002-00000768-00001176": "And before my time as secretary comes to a close,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00003-00001317-00001617": "I wanted to come here and brief you,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00004-00001640-00001931": "and do so, as always, with the chairman", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00005-00001931-00002148": "at this time of transition", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00006-00002159-00002383": "about what the Department of Defense", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00007-00002383-00002654": "is doing to stand ready to confront", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00008-00002654-00003070": "the nation's security challenges anywhere in the world,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00009-00003088-00003321": "as we always do and must do.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00010-00003337-00003676": "Today, we had a meeting at the Senior Leadership Council,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00011-00003676-00003897": "and I therefore met with the department's", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00012-00003897-00004242": "most senior civilian and uniformed leaders", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00013-00004242-00004403": "from every combatant command", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00014-00004403-00004664": "and every one of the armed services,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00015-00004664-00005061": "and from some of our partners to discuss how we're ensuring", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00016-00005061-00005305": "continued preparedness and vigilance", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00017-00005305-00005526": "in the weeks and the months ahead.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00018-00005526-00005823": "We also discussed how we're continuing to confront", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00019-00005823-00006240": "our five major, unique, rapidly evolving challenges", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00020-00006336-00006544": "we face around the world.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00021-00006599-00006746": "General Scaparrotti, to begin with,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00022-00006746-00006941": "discussed the steps we're continuing to take", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00023-00006941-00007280": "to counter the prospect of Russian aggression and coercion,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00024-00007280-00007554": "particularly in Europe, where we're standing strong", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00025-00007554-00007720": "with our NATO allies.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00026-00007720-00008014": "And Scaps specifically updated us on the arrival", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00027-00008014-00008311": "in the past few days of the ships carrying the tanks", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00028-00008311-00008444": "and fighting vehicles", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00029-00008444-00008819": "of our rotational armored brigade combat team", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00030-00008872-00009206": "and his plans to quickly move the entire brigade", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00031-00009206-00009464": "eastward in the next few weeks.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00032-00009508-00009925": "Plans that we've been set in motion some months ago.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00033-00010252-00010510": "Admiral Harris and the PACOM team", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00034-00010510-00010810": "reviewed how we're continuing to manage historic change", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00035-00010810-00010977": "in the Asia Pacific,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00036-00011010-00011375": "the single most consequential region for America's future,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00037-00011375-00011735": "even as we strengthen our deterrent and defense forces", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00038-00011735-00011909": "in the face of North Korea's continued", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00039-00011909-00012184": "nuclear and missile provocations.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00040-00012347-00012554": "General Votel gave an update on what we're doing", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00041-00012554-00012967": "to check Iranian aggression and malign influence in the Gulf", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00042-00012967-00013364": "and help defend our friends and allies in the Middle East.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00043-00013364-00013560": "And of course he briefed on how we're accelerating", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00044-00013560-00013885": "the certain defeat of the ISIL cancer's", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00045-00013940-00014199": "parent tumor in Iraq and Syria.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00046-00014212-00014486": "And there, our coalition and local partners", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00047-00014486-00014841": "are continuing to achieve significant results.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00048-00014841-00015140": "In these last few days, the Iraqi's security forces", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00049-00015140-00015465": "have reached the Tigris river in Mosul,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00050-00015498-00015634": "and our Syrian coalition partners", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00051-00015634-00015875": "are converging down on Raqqa.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00052-00015950-00016149": "All the while, coalition forces continue", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00053-00016149-00016366": "to hunt down ISIL leaders.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00054-00016556-00016829": "And then General Robinson discussed NORAD NORTHCOM's", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00055-00016829-00017138": "continued cooperation with our domestic intelligence", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00056-00017138-00017293": "and law enforcement partners", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00057-00017293-00017660": "to help protect our homeland and our people.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00058-00017687-00017929": "The many other senior leaders here today contributed", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00059-00017929-00018329": "to this morning's productive, robust discussion.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00060-00018339-00018519": "The meeting was another reminder that,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00061-00018519-00018742": "while the world doesn't rest", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00062-00018742-00018970": "for the transition here in Washington,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00063-00018970-00019255": "neither does the Department of Defense.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00064-00019255-00019421": "American people here at home", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00065-00019421-00019776": "and our friends around the world can have confidence", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00066-00019776-00020007": "that our adversaries should take heed", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00067-00020007-00020245": "that the US Military is full speed ahead", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00068-00020245-00020504": "in the coming weeks and months.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00069-00020699-00020863": "The Senior Leadership Council's also", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00070-00020863-00021223": "a reminder of why I feel confident in DOD's ability", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00071-00021223-00021423": "to meet these challenges", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00072-00021431-00021745": "and those the future will present, as well.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00073-00021745-00021880": "Around the conference room earlier today,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00074-00021880-00022297": "there were some of the finest men and women has to offer.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00075-00022392-00022660": "Like all those Americans serving around the world right now,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00076-00022660-00022983": "each of our leaders is dedicated to defending this country", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00077-00022983-00023341": "and making a better world for our children.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00078-00023404-00023656": "Our military, the finest fighting force", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00079-00023656-00024010": "the world has ever known, has so many strengths.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00080-00024010-00024342": "Technological, material, operational experience, and more.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00081-00024342-00024554": "But another is its leaders.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00082-00024554-00024792": "America's military deserves only the finest leaders,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00083-00024792-00025049": "and we've got them, whether in the Joint Chiefs,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00084-00025049-00025340": "our Combatant Commands, or in the service.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00085-00025340-00025593": "Each of them I know will continue to make an important", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00086-00025593-00026010": "and lasting contribution to the future of our military.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00087-00026068-00026349": "So will the Marine to my left, General Joe Dunford.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00088-00026349-00026534": "I said it yesterday, I'll say it again today.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00089-00026534-00026703": "Recommending Joe Dunford to be", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00090-00026703-00026864": "Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00091-00026864-00027281": "was the best decision I made as Secretary of Defense.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00092-00027332-00027465": "Joe, you've been a great partner,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00093-00027465-00027679": "helping me lead the department.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00094-00027679-00028017": "Our joint force in advising and supporting the president,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00095-00028017-00028332": "in accelerating the counter-ISIL campaign,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00096-00028332-00028605": "reforming our department to better confront trans-regional", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00097-00028605-00029022": "and trans-functional challenges, and much, much more.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00098-00029052-00029215": "And I have every confidence you'll continue", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00099-00029215-00029425": "to defend our country and protect our values", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00100-00029425-00029733": "with excellence in the years to come.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00101-00029871-00030188": "And of course the Pentagon press corps", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00102-00030251-00030509": "represents one of those values,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00103-00030556-00030953": "and also upholds one of those values that we defend.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00104-00030953-00031111": "Free and vibrant press is essential", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00105-00031111-00031309": "to our democracy and the protection of it.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00106-00031309-00031634": "I've known many of you for a long time,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00107-00031662-00032023": "and I want you to know how much I appreciate", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00108-00032023-00032363": "your consistent efforts to tell the world", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00109-00032363-00032780": "about our men and women in uniform, our dedicated civilians,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00110-00032941-00033236": "and what they're doing every day to defend our country", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00111-00033236-00033322": "and make a better world.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00112-00033322-00033542": "I respect your commitment to getting the job done,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00113-00033542-00033705": "getting the story right,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00114-00033705-00033967": "getting it to your audience as quickly as possible,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00115-00033967-00034384": "even when we don't give you all the filing time you'd like.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00116-00034425-00034808": "Leda, if you're listening, apologies for that.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00117-00034831-00035238": "But I wish you good luck and godspeed in the years ahead.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00118-00035238-00035622": "Thanks for your hard work and your dedication.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00119-00035675-00035852": "With that, I know the chairman has a few words,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00120-00035852-00035989": "and then we'll take your questions.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00121-00035989-00036109": "- Okay, thanks Mr. Secretary.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00122-00036109-00036277": "Okay, first of all, to Bob Burns.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00123-00036277-00036588": "Bob, I get the chance on behalf of the secretary and I", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00124-00036588-00036800": "to wish you a happy birthday.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00125-00036800-00037083": "(reporters laugh)", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00126-00037100-00037233": "- 38 long years.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00127-00037233-00037317": "- That's right.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00128-00037317-00037558": "And I understand that's about 80% of the reason", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00129-00037558-00037783": "why we're here this afternoon, so thank you very much.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00130-00037783-00038019": "(Ash and reporters laugh)", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00131-00038019-00038136": "Mr. Secretary, you were kind.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00132-00038136-00038396": "We had a farewell, I think most of you know,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00133-00038396-00038629": "yesterday for the secretary,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00134-00038635-00038972": "but it was really not just for his two years as secretary.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00135-00038972-00039349": "Yes, this caps really almost four decades of service", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00136-00039349-00039619": "to the department in just about every capacity.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00137-00039619-00039714": "And Mr. Secretary,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00138-00039714-00039996": "this is our last public appearance together,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00139-00039996-00040210": "so I wanna thank you on behalf of the force", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00140-00040210-00040530": "for your leadership first and foremost.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00141-00040530-00040685": "I mean, as many things we could talk about,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00142-00040685-00040909": "the ISIL campaign, putting the department", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00143-00040909-00041104": "on a path to capable development that will", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00144-00041104-00041427": "make us maintain a competitive advantage in the future,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00145-00041427-00041756": "how hard you've worked to maintain deep partnerships", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00146-00041756-00042115": "and improve our alliances around the world.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00147-00042147-00042326": "But at the end of the day, it's been the compassion", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00148-00042326-00042409": "and the care that you've had", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00149-00042409-00042553": "for our men and women in uniform,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00150-00042553-00042798": "and the fact that you've been all about winning", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00151-00042798-00042982": "that I think we'll remember most.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00152-00042982-00043280": "So I just wanted, in our last time together,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00153-00043280-00043533": "just say thanks very much for your leadership, sir,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00154-00043533-00043673": "your partnerships, and for giving me", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00155-00043673-00043910": "an opportunity to make a difference with you.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00156-00043910-00044023": "- Thanks, Joe.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00157-00044023-00044199": "- And with that, I think we'll be prepared", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00158-00044199-00044327": "to take questions.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00159-00044327-00044555": "- Birthday boy, yeah, first question.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00160-00044555-00044762": "- Secretary, a question for both of you", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00161-00044762-00045041": "about one of the topics you refer to I think as", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00162-00045041-00045288": "the big five problems that the DOD faces.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00163-00045288-00045388": "North Korea.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00164-00045441-00045850": "If and when North Korea does test launch an ICBM,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00165-00045950-00046367": "would the US or should the US attempt to shoot it down,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00166-00046474-00046694": "not because it poses a physical threat necessarily,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00167-00046694-00047059": "but in order to deny North Korea the technical advancement", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00168-00047059-00047280": "it needs to move forward its ultimate goal", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00169-00047280-00047672": "of being able to hold the US territory at risk?", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00170-00047801-00048218": "- If the missile is threatening, it will be intercepted.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00171-00048461-00048859": "If it's not threatening, we won't necessarily do so,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00172-00048859-00049190": "and because it may be more to our advantage", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00173-00049190-00049549": "to first of all save our interceptor inventory,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00174-00049549-00049966": "and second, to gather intelligence from the flight", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00175-00050154-00050537": "rather than do that when it's not threatening.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00176-00050672-00050794": "And Joe, same thing.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00177-00050794-00051128": "- No, Bob, that's where I'd be, as well.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00178-00051283-00051416": "- Okay, Barbara.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00179-00051430-00051618": "- General Dunford, I'd like to start with you", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00180-00051618-00051762": "and then Mr. Secretary.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00181-00051762-00051956": "Sir, you once testified before Congress", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00182-00051956-00052215": "that you saw Russia as a, in your words,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00183-00052215-00052387": "as a possible existential threat", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00184-00052387-00052711": "and that their behavior was alarming, in your words.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00185-00052711-00053052": "So I wanna ask you today, what alarms you", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00186-00053121-00053446": "as the chairman about Russian behavior?", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00187-00053586-00053888": "What advice do both of you have for the American people", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00188-00053888-00054279": "about whether they should trust Vladimir Putin?", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00189-00054416-00054647": "Those two questions, and then I would like to follow up", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00190-00054647-00054973": "by also asking you what you both think the chances are", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00191-00054973-00055306": "of capturing or killing Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00192-00055306-00055548": "before the Obama Administration leaves office?", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00193-00055548-00055865": "- Okay, so you want me to start first?", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00194-00055941-00056201": "Okay, well, first of all let me start", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00195-00056201-00056424": "doing Russia then Baghdadi.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00196-00056424-00056799": "With respect to Russia, I've been very clear.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00197-00057099-00057465": "We have our serious differences with Russia.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00198-00057541-00057678": "It's not a question of alarm,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00199-00057678-00057949": "it's a matter of strategic judgment.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00200-00057949-00058166": "We've had serious concerns", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00201-00058352-00058636": "about their activities in Ukraine.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00202-00058805-00059222": "I've said clearly I think their activities in Syria", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00203-00059389-00059739": "have been backwards and counterproductive.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00204-00059793-00060193": "And, at the same time, we've worked productively", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00205-00060205-00060546": "with Russian with respect to North Korea,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00206-00060550-00060725": "with respect to Iran.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00207-00060805-00061105": "And therefore our approach to Russia", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00208-00061209-00061542": "is one that is both strong and balanced.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00209-00061699-00062090": "Strong in the sense that we're making investments", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00210-00062090-00062439": "specifically with an eye to being able to continue", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00211-00062439-00062655": "to check and deter Russia,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00212-00062721-00063138": "and also making investments in our alliance in NATO", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00213-00063230-00063558": "so that they can stand strong against Russian aggression.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00214-00063558-00063641": "- Do you know--", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00215-00063641-00063829": "- Let me just finish and I'll get to you.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00216-00063829-00064138": "Balanced in the sense that we should,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00217-00064157-00064333": "with Russia and everybody else,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00218-00064333-00064524": "continue to look for opportunities", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00219-00064524-00064752": "where we can make our interests align.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00220-00064752-00065103": "They have not been abundant in recent years,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00221-00065103-00065361": "but I remember a time, Barbara,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00222-00065378-00065633": "and I've worked quite closely with Russia,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00223-00065633-00065989": "but I've done it at a time when it would serve US interests", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00224-00065989-00066159": "because I could make our interests", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00225-00066159-00066401": "and Russia's interests align.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00226-00066831-00067142": "And so here as in strategy and foreign policy,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00227-00067142-00067451": "generally it's not a matter of trust,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00228-00067562-00067748": "it's a matter of US interests", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00229-00067748-00067988": "and the pursuit of US interests.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00230-00067988-00068267": "With respect to Baghdadi, I'll only say this.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00231-00068267-00068456": "I think if I were Baghdadi", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00232-00068456-00068619": "or any other ISIL leader,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00233-00068619-00068977": "I would be quite concerned about my safety.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00234-00069004-00069215": "- Mr. Chairman, if I could just ask you again,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00235-00069215-00069455": "following on your previous remarks to Congress,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00236-00069455-00069722": "what alarms you today about Russia?", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00237-00069722-00069940": "- Yeah, Barbara, I think you can appreciate", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00238-00069940-00070142": "from a military perspective I focus more", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00239-00070142-00070329": "on the capabilities and I do their intent,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00240-00070329-00070487": "and I try to project their intent,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00241-00070487-00070612": "and so when I made that statement", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00242-00070612-00070816": "I looked at the modernization of the nuclear enterprise", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00243-00070816-00070954": "and their public statements", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00244-00070954-00071102": "about the use of nuclear weapons.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00245-00071102-00071291": "I looked at their cyber-activities", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00246-00071291-00071488": "and their development of cyber capabilities,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00247-00071488-00071841": "I looked at what they were doing for space, in any space,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00248-00071841-00072017": "their maritime capability.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00249-00072017-00072318": "And then, what I also looked at was what I describe", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00250-00072318-00072556": "as adversarial competition that,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00251-00072556-00072754": "as a military dimension short of conflict,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00252-00072754-00073017": "that's where they've used political influence,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00253-00073017-00073383": "economic origin, unconventional operations, military posture", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00254-00073383-00073614": "to actually undermine our alliance structure", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00255-00073614-00073853": "in our partnerships in Europe.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00256-00073853-00074092": "So that probably to me is one of the big concerns.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00257-00074092-00074192": "The secretary mentioned Ukraine.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00258-00074192-00074405": "We saw similar activity in Georgia,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00259-00074405-00074615": "we saw similar activity in Crimea,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00260-00074615-00074970": "we see similar activity in the Baltic states.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00261-00074970-00075053": "- Missy.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00262-00075104-00075286": "- Hi. Missy Ryan from The Washington Post.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00263-00075286-00075430": "I have two questions.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00264-00075430-00075626": "One for you, Secretary Carter.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00265-00075626-00075951": "Lawmakers including Senator McCain have called", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00266-00075951-00076212": "the Russian hacking activity an act of war,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00267-00076212-00076521": "suggesting that it requires a more aggressive response.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00268-00076521-00076696": "Do you agree with that assessment,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00269-00076696-00076824": "and do you think that the US response", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00270-00076824-00077191": "to the hacking activity has been inadequate?", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00271-00077275-00077462": "And General Dunford, I'd like to ask you", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00272-00077462-00077853": "about the civilian casualties issue in Iraq and Syria,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00273-00077853-00078025": "and the new administration has suggested", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00274-00078025-00078275": "that it might intensify the bombing campaign.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00275-00078275-00078511": "And I know you don't want to comment on future policy,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00276-00078511-00078715": "but given that military officials have said", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00277-00078715-00079132": "that after the acceleration of the air campaign last year", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00278-00079150-00079361": "that they were hitting everything they could", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00279-00079361-00079617": "that wouldn't incur civilian casualties,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00280-00079617-00080034": "is your judgment that can the air campaign be intensified", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00281-00080081-00080339": "without killing more civilians?", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00282-00080525-00080941": "- Well, with respect to the Russian hacking issue,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00283-00081160-00081498": "I don't have anything to add to what the FBI", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00284-00081498-00081783": "and the intelligence community have said in their report.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00285-00081783-00082199": "They obviously did a meticulous job of analyzing the data.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00286-00082401-00082785": "They reported their conclusions quite clearly.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00287-00082808-00083216": "I think they just as clearly call for a response.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00288-00083333-00083750": "And here, that response can be across a broad range,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00289-00083970-00084311": "it doesn't have to be a similar response,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00290-00084337-00084545": "that is a cyber response.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00291-00084653-00084903": "Some responses have been made.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00292-00085079-00085496": "I think you should regard that as a start and not the end,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00293-00085753-00086169": "or, as I've said before, a floor and not a ceiling.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00294-00086287-00086437": "- [Missy] Again, you don't want to comment on whether", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00295-00086437-00086614": "it is an act of war or not?", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00296-00086614-00086731": "- Well, I think whatever you call it,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00297-00086731-00086923": "it's an aggressive act.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00298-00087052-00087156": "- Missy, I'm having a hard time", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00299-00087156-00087334": "answering your question directly, because to me,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00300-00087334-00087524": "the pace of our bombing is driven", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00301-00087524-00087898": "by the pace of operations of our partners underground,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00302-00087898-00088130": "so we're providing air support that's consistent", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00303-00088130-00088398": "with the progress of Iraqi security forces,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00304-00088398-00088690": "and in the case of Iraq, I think last year about this time", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00305-00088690-00088818": "you can remember we had a conversation", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00306-00088818-00089161": "about why isn't the air campaign have high tempo?", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00307-00089161-00089398": "And we said the Iraqi security forces", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00308-00089398-00089670": "aren't conducting operations at a high tempo,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00309-00089670-00089943": "and that's gonna drive greater air support.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00310-00089943-00090185": "That's what happened to Ramadi about this time last year,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00311-00090185-00090351": "that's what's happening right now", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00312-00090351-00090545": "in Mosul and the surrounds.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00313-00090545-00090733": "And the same thing is true in Syria.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00314-00090733-00091150": "The tempo of our air campaign in Syria is directly linked", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00315-00091156-00091424": "to the pace of our operations in Syrian democratic forces", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00316-00091424-00091530": "that we're supporting.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00317-00091530-00091769": "The issue of civilian casualties.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00318-00091769-00091917": "I mean, someone puts that in there as though", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00319-00091917-00092108": "that's the driver of the air campaign,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00320-00092108-00092323": "I guess what I tell you is no, that's not been the driver", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00321-00092323-00092428": "of our air campaign.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00322-00092428-00092633": "The driver of the air campaign has been our ground partners", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00323-00092633-00092791": "and will remain so.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00324-00092811-00092956": "- [Missy] So potentially you could intensify,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00325-00092956-00093109": "you could potentially accelerate or increase--", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00326-00093109-00093324": "- The air campaign will accelerate as the operations", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00327-00093324-00093549": "of our partners accelerate.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00328-00093567-00093650": "- Phil.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00329-00093730-00093998": "- Mr. Secretary, your counterpart in Russia", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00330-00093998-00094366": "Defense Minister Shoygu came out with some remarks today", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00331-00094366-00094641": "saying the United States did not only achieve", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00332-00094641-00094800": "a zero result in Syria,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00333-00094800-00095041": "I think he said the words, his words were", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00334-00095041-00095199": "it's had a negative result in Syria.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00335-00095199-00095594": "I'm just wondering, looking ahead to another administration", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00336-00095594-00096011": "which wants to partner with Russia, potentially in Syria,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00337-00096025-00096298": "how do you see that relationship?", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00338-00096298-00096586": "What are the possibilities for improvement?", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00339-00096586-00096755": "And to the chairman, if possible,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00340-00096755-00097146": "you warned Congress last year about the dangers", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00341-00097158-00097377": "of sharing intelligence with Russia.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00342-00097377-00097611": "How has your thinking evolved in these many months,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00343-00097611-00097873": "especially as US and Russian forces have come", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00344-00097873-00098133": "into greater proximity just to do the evolution", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00345-00098133-00098220": "of the campaign?", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00346-00098220-00098595": "- Sure. Well I'm realistic about our concerns", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00347-00098708-00099015": "about Russian behavior, not just in Syria,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00348-00099015-00099373": "but I've also spoken about Europe, as well.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00349-00099451-00099766": "I've also said that it stands to reason", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00350-00099766-00100039": "and long been American practice with respect", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00351-00100039-00100281": "to Russia and other countries", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00352-00100281-00100639": "that we would cooperate and align ourselves", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00353-00100774-00101157": "with other countries when and if their conduct", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00354-00101265-00101682": "and their interests made that in our national interest.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00355-00102016-00102256": "There haven't been a lot of opportunities", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00356-00102256-00102489": "in the last number of years.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00357-00102680-00102948": "Again, I told you I remember a time when it was different,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00358-00102948-00103356": "and of course we'd all like to see a time return.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00359-00103387-00103709": "But that would require behavior on the Russian part", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00360-00103709-00103980": "that was more congruent with our interests.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00361-00103980-00104168": "You certainly haven't seen that in Syria.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00362-00104168-00104471": "I said that you certainly have seen that in Europe.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00363-00104471-00104620": "- Phil, I actually have a very similar answer.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00364-00104620-00104897": "Last year, when I spoke about intel sharing,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00365-00104897-00105267": "it was based in my assessment of a misalignment", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00366-00105267-00105528": "of our objectives and our priorities in Syria.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00367-00105528-00105844": "And so, unless that would change, then I wouldn't see", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00368-00105844-00106261": "a change in my recommendation in terms of intel sharing.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00369-00106424-00106533": "- Okay. Hans.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00370-00106572-00106872": "- Yeah, can we expect any more Guantanamo transfers", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00371-00106872-00107097": "in the next nine days, now.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00372-00107112-00107322": "And then a second part, you both have just,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00373-00107322-00107572": "speaking about the role in Turkey and Russia.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00374-00107572-00107950": "Do the Turks, and Mr. Secretary, you spoke about this a lot", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00375-00107950-00108170": "on that trip on the importance of constant communication", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00376-00108170-00108328": "with your Turkish counterparts.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00377-00108328-00108568": "Did the Turks inform you that they would be working", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00378-00108568-00108802": "with the Russians on al-Bab?", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00379-00109006-00109212": "- Well, with respect to the second note,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00380-00109212-00109604": "and I'll let the chairman clarify that as well,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00381-00109611-00109844": "we don't see that occurring.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00382-00109873-00110067": "- [Hans] So you subscribe to where", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00383-00110067-00110347": "there are over flights in al-Bab by Russian--", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00384-00110347-00110764": "- They have de-conflicted their operations like we do,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00385-00110928-00111219": "but more than that we haven't seen.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00386-00111359-00111558": "And with respect to the first part", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00387-00111558-00111689": "of your question I'm forgetting.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00388-00111689-00111820": "- Guantanamo transfers.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00389-00111820-00112236": "- No, I don't expect to see any more requests come to me", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00390-00112375-00112792": "to consider the prospect of transferring detainees", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00391-00112955-00113230": "because there is a period of time", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00392-00113412-00113580": "of congressional notification,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00393-00113580-00113997": "so it'll be to my successor to make future decisions.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00394-00114006-00114390": "- Yeah, just to confirm, we have not seen any indication", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00395-00114390-00114647": "of Russian, Turkish coordination.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00396-00114647-00114825": "We have seen Russian strikes take place", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00397-00114825-00114960": "in and around al-Bab.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00398-00114960-00115102": "There's no evidence that those were coordinated", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00399-00115102-00115226": "with the Turks.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00400-00115226-00115436": "As you may know, I speak quite frequently", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00401-00115436-00115669": "with my Turkish counterpart.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00402-00115725-00115965": "He's very open and transparent about the communication", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00403-00115965-00116205": "that he's had with our counterpart, Gerasimov,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00404-00116205-00116478": "but he's also said that the Turks at this time", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00405-00116478-00116661": "are not cooperating or coordinating,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00406-00116661-00117078": "conducting operations in conjunction with the Russians.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00407-00117129-00117286": "- Have they asked the Russians to stop, then,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00408-00117286-00117483": "I mean, if this is their area?", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00409-00117483-00117630": "- I can't comment on that.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00410-00117630-00117901": "I really don't know that they've asked them to stop,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00411-00117901-00118064": "and I'm not aware that those strikes", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00412-00118064-00118380": "have been anywhere near proximity to Turkish forces", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00413-00118380-00118548": "or put them at risk, either.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00414-00118548-00118656": "- [Ash] Tara.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00415-00118677-00118779": "- Thank you, Mr. Secretary.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00416-00118779-00119049": "Over the last two years as US forces", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00417-00119049-00119282": "have died in Iraq and Syria,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00418-00119307-00119495": "this press corps is repeatedly asked about,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00419-00119495-00119687": "were in they in combat?", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00420-00119753-00119968": "And you've said they're in combat situations", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00421-00119968-00120176": "but not in a combat role,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00422-00120257-00120601": "and I just wanted to know, as you are departing the office,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00423-00120601-00120770": "as you're thinking on that change,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00424-00120770-00121034": "as US forces get closer to these key fights in Raqqa--", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00425-00121034-00121175": "- Oh, 'cause my thinking wasn't what you said.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00426-00121175-00121351": "I said I remember when Josh Wheeler", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00427-00121351-00121666": "was tragically killed in a heroic action,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00428-00121666-00121869": "and somebody asked me whether there was combat,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00429-00121869-00122090": "and I said, \"Of course it was combat.\"", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00430-00122090-00122173": "- [Tara] Right.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00431-00122173-00122360": "- Unequivocal in that regard.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00432-00122360-00122760": "And you bet Americans are in combat and at risk.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00433-00122824-00123132": "Not just, I think you mentioned Iraq,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00434-00123319-00123684": "but I mean there's Afghanistan and so forth,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00435-00123684-00123971": "and it's the most serious responsibility I have", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00436-00123971-00124171": "as Secretary of Defense.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00437-00124624-00124858": "This isn't a matter of semantics.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00438-00124858-00125089": "- So are those trainers and advisors in a combat role?", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00439-00125089-00125489": "And then General Dunford, you've said when asked", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00440-00125574-00125894": "that women have been proving themselves in combat for years,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00441-00125894-00126210": "and the argument over women in combat,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00442-00126272-00126456": "again, it's semantics.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00443-00126535-00126952": "Should we expect then that, in the new administration,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00444-00127049-00127428": "all roles would remain open for women in combat?", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00445-00127428-00127596": "- I, oh sorry, go ahead.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00446-00127596-00127774": "- Yeah I can't talk to the next administration.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00447-00127774-00128016": "I mean, right now, I know what the policy is", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00448-00128016-00128239": "and we've been implementing the policy.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00449-00128239-00128456": "I certainly can't comment on anything", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00450-00128456-00128715": "that might happen in the future.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00451-00128715-00129094": "- And to get to the first part of your question,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00452-00129094-00129186": "the role of", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00453-00129590-00129990": "our forces, whether in Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00454-00130154-00130521": "our strategic approach in all of those areas", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00455-00130696-00130938": "is to work with and to enable", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00456-00131057-00131295": "capable and motivated local forces.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00457-00131295-00131437": "That's important.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00458-00131459-00131749": "But it certainly puts our people in harm's way.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00459-00131749-00132058": "And with respect to women in service,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00460-00132162-00132579": "what matters for the future of the all-volunteer force", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00461-00132912-00133287": "is that we emphasize attracting and retaining", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00462-00133908-00134325": "the most qualified people who can meet our standards.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00463-00134399-00134661": "That is the criteria, not other criteria.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00464-00134661-00134812": "That is the criteria,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00465-00134812-00135228": "and it will ensure excellence in the all-volunteer military.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00466-00135602-00135709": "Let's just see.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00467-00135709-00135893": "Tony. Tony, sorry I...", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00468-00136050-00136255": "- How close is the United States and the coalition", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00469-00136255-00136405": "to defeating ISIL?", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00470-00136721-00137077": "In 2014, Dempsey and I think Hagel said it could take", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00471-00137077-00137244": "three to four years.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00472-00137252-00137555": "Just how close is the military defeat of ISIL at this point,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00473-00137555-00137901": "and do you both see a potential need to retain", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00474-00137901-00138126": "a US residual force in Iraq", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00475-00138234-00138517": "after ISIL is militarily defeated?", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00476-00138549-00138908": "- Well, this is a war, so one doesn't know.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00477-00139201-00139501": "I'm confident that it will conclude.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00478-00139531-00139734": "We want to conclude it as soon as possible.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00479-00139734-00140064": "I'm not prepared to put a date on it and haven't been.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00480-00140064-00140286": "We know what all the steps are,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00481-00140286-00140703": "we know the steps that we have laid out in the plan,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00482-00141286-00141636": "and we take each of those as rapidly as we", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00483-00141655-00141947": "and our partners are able to do it.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00484-00141977-00142101": "And what was the second part, Tony, again?", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00485-00142101-00142185": "Sorry.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00486-00142190-00142506": "- Do you both, do you see the need for a residual force", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00487-00142506-00142856": "in Iraq after ISIL is militarily defeated?", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00488-00142913-00143161": "- Well, that'll be up to the government of Iraq", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00489-00143161-00143309": "first of all, and Prime Minister Abadi,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00490-00143309-00143467": "I want to say that.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00491-00143524-00143891": "But that is something that I've discussed before,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00492-00143891-00144150": "and that we've discussed with the government of Iraq.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00493-00144150-00144567": "It'll take some time to consolidate Iraqi security,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00494-00144686-00144914": "even after the fall of Mosul, which will occur,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00495-00144914-00145205": "like the defeat of ISIL will occur.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00496-00145222-00145638": "But there will be other cities and towns lesser in Iraq", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00497-00145856-00146247": "where the government's control will need to be secured", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00498-00146247-00146663": "and reconstruction stabilization will need to begin.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00499-00146708-00147125": "And there will be an ISIL tendency to go underground", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00500-00147199-00147482": "and to go to more isolated regions", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00501-00147526-00147893": "and continue to try to mount counter-terrorist operations,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00502-00147893-00148218": "and that'll require a sustained effort.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00503-00148283-00148430": "And I think the United States", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00504-00148430-00148581": "and the International Coalition,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00505-00148581-00148744": "everybody's realistic about that.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00506-00148744-00148929": "When I was in London with all the defense ministers", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00507-00148929-00149296": "of the coalition partners about a month ago,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00508-00149410-00149547": "we discussed this,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00509-00149547-00149888": "and there wasn't any question in the room", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00510-00149962-00150296": "that ISIL would have a life after Mosul,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00511-00150507-00150733": "and that we would all need to continue to be", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00512-00150733-00151058": "in the business of protecting our people.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00513-00151058-00151162": "You wanna add anything to that?", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00514-00151162-00151268": "- Tony, the only thing I'd say,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00515-00151268-00151371": "and I don't mean to be evasive,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00516-00151371-00151560": "but that's obviously a question I'm gonna have", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00517-00151560-00151764": "to make a recommendation to the future administration", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00518-00151764-00152004": "in terms of our longterm presence in Iraq,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00519-00152004-00152222": "and I think the secretary said something very important", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00520-00152222-00152414": "that it also has be done in conjunction", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00521-00152414-00152525": "with the Iraqi government.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00522-00152525-00152802": "So for me to speak about that publicly right now", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00523-00152802-00152993": "would be inappropriate.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00524-00153075-00153166": "- Jennifer.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00525-00153263-00153363": "- Thank you.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00526-00153390-00153558": "Mr. Secretary, what would be the impact", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00527-00153558-00153855": "on the changes you've made to women in combat", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00528-00153855-00154092": "if the next administration were to roll back", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00529-00154092-00154221": "some of those changes,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00530-00154221-00154451": "close some of those positions to women?", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00531-00154451-00154742": "What message would it send to the all-volunteer force?", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00532-00154742-00154975": "And for both of you, when were you made aware", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00533-00154975-00155246": "that the Russians were hacking into the US election,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00534-00155246-00155527": "and should the US have responded sooner?", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00535-00155527-00155799": "- Well, with respect to the first part,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00536-00155799-00155960": "I'll just repeat what I said,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00537-00155960-00156377": "which is it is important, it is essential to the excellence", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00538-00156446-00156796": "of our military that we put first foremost", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00539-00157023-00157432": "the ability of an individual to do the job better", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00540-00157622-00157878": "than anybody else, to be qualified,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00541-00157878-00158037": "and to meet the standards.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00542-00158037-00158253": "That's why we're the best in the world,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00543-00158253-00158470": "and that's what we need to do to stay the best in the world,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00544-00158470-00158845": "and there's not substitute for that standard.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00545-00158909-00159034": "And, I'm sorry.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00546-00159315-00159522": "- When were you made aware that the Russians", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00547-00159522-00159628": "were hacking in the US election,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00548-00159628-00159810": "and should the US have responded sooner?", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00549-00159810-00160093": "- Oh, well I think that it's clear", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00550-00160241-00160411": "that there were indications of this", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00551-00160411-00160584": "kind of Russian activity,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00552-00160584-00160744": "not just in the United States", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00553-00160744-00161041": "but in other countries going back quite some while.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00554-00161041-00161247": "But the evidence accumulated that resulted", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00555-00161247-00161540": "in the intelligence community making its judgment,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00556-00161540-00161709": "which you've now seen,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00557-00161709-00162126": "only after they were comfortable that they had the evidence", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00558-00162161-00162328": "and had made the judgments,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00559-00162328-00162612": "and that was a decision they made, not that we made.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00560-00162612-00162853": "But I respect their analysis.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00561-00162914-00163069": "- We were shared with this, Jennifer,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00562-00163069-00163298": "we were shared with this definitively in October.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00563-00163298-00163552": "So, as the secretary said, we had seen some reports,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00564-00163552-00163700": "and then some discussion.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00565-00163700-00163903": "I think you all saw many of those even in the open source.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00566-00163903-00164319": "But I think a definitive conclusion was drawn in October.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00567-00164434-00164657": "- [Peter] Sir, you've got time for one more.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00568-00164657-00164741": "- Lalit.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00569-00164790-00164905": "- Thank you, Secretary.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00570-00164905-00165060": "You have been the person involved", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00571-00165060-00165385": "with the US-India defense relationship.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00572-00165450-00165725": "During this period, defense trade", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00573-00165780-00165950": "has increased to 15 billion.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00574-00165950-00166096": "Now we have the largest motives", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00575-00166096-00166318": "to try and decide this together.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00576-00166318-00166533": "You and Mr. Parrikar have been meeting frequently.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00577-00166533-00166778": "Never in the past has that happened.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00578-00166778-00167039": "What should be the future of, what should the next step", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00579-00167039-00167240": "for India and US defense relationship?", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00580-00167240-00167467": "- Well, I think we're all on the right path,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00581-00167467-00167709": "it's just a matter of taking those steps,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00582-00167709-00168125": "and they involve deepening our cooperation lots of ways,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00583-00168233-00168385": "I mean, there's exercises", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00584-00168385-00168735": "and other kinds of operational activities.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00585-00168899-00169131": "There is something that I think", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00586-00169131-00169525": "that Prime Minister Modi and Defense Minister Parrikar", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00587-00169525-00169941": "have been equally intent upon as President Obama and myself,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00588-00170370-00170779": "which is the development of defense relationships", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00589-00171040-00171234": "for new technology which involve", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00590-00171234-00171517": "technology sharing, co-production,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00591-00171534-00171838": "and so far I think we have a great number of projects.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00592-00171838-00172064": "And I was in New Delhi not long ago", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00593-00172064-00172339": "and discussing all these, and they're many of them,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00594-00172339-00172523": "too many to enumerate,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00595-00172526-00172866": "all of them on course, they all have they're own schedules", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00596-00172866-00173177": "and sort of technical timelines to them.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00597-00173177-00173488": "But this is a relationship which, I've said many times,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00598-00173488-00173691": "is destined for the future", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00599-00173691-00174045": "because of the nature of our two societies,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00600-00174045-00174253": "the values that we share,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00601-00174438-00174796": "the human relationship between our peoples.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00602-00174884-00175113": "Peter, we can do one more if you want.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00603-00175113-00175278": "I've gotta do our holiday party which,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00604-00175278-00175512": "I don't know, are you all invited to the holiday party?", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00605-00175512-00175734": "It's gonna be a nice holiday party.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00606-00175734-00175909": "I'll put it on Peter.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00607-00175928-00176011": "Peter!", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00608-00176113-00176346": "He's having a separate policy.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00609-00176346-00176545": "- Sir, we have one more.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00610-00176545-00176737": "We'll go to Gordon Lubold in the back.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00611-00176737-00176821": "- Oh Gordon.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00612-00176821-00176937": "Hello, Gordon.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00613-00176951-00177073": "- Mr. Secretary, Mr. Chairman.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00614-00177073-00177398": "I have a question on US, Russia, Syria,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00615-00177403-00177639": "kind of following up on Phil's question.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00616-00177639-00177999": "As you know, obviously this MOU between the two countries", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00617-00177999-00178175": "over de-confliction and what.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00618-00178175-00178592": "There's also a proposal to elevate the level of dialogue", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00619-00178650-00179067": "and exchange between US and Russian military over Syria,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00620-00179241-00179566": "short of coordination or intel sharing.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00621-00179572-00179905": "I'm wondering, to the extent you're tracking this,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00622-00179905-00180105": "Mr. Secretary, what's your assessment of it?", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00623-00180105-00180281": "What are the upsides and downsides of it?", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00624-00180281-00180531": "And also you, Mr. Chairman, if you would.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00625-00180531-00180651": "- [Ash] Go ahead, Joe.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00626-00180651-00180960": "- Gordon, you've obviously got some people", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00627-00180960-00181161": "that have shared something with you.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00628-00181161-00181369": "I wouldn't describe that as a proposal.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00629-00181369-00181653": "We haven't talked about that outside the building.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00630-00181653-00181958": "We're constantly looking at the Syria campaign,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00631-00181958-00182225": "constantly looking at what's happening on the ground,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00632-00182225-00182576": "first and foremost with the desire to make sure", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00633-00182576-00182784": "we have the proper framework to protect our people.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00634-00182784-00182932": "That's number one.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00635-00182932-00183158": "Number two, to make sure we have the proper framework", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00636-00183158-00183366": "within which we can accomplish our objective.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00637-00183366-00183614": "So what you described is not very mature,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00638-00183614-00183795": "it's been some conversations we've had.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00639-00183795-00184064": "I have not even gone to the secretary", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00640-00184064-00184289": "and asked him to make a decision on that,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00641-00184289-00184505": "so this is something that, again,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00642-00184505-00184810": "I would put that in the context of many, many other ideas", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00643-00184810-00184999": "that we've bounced around.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00644-00184999-00185330": "Again, with how do we make sure the campaign progresses", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00645-00185330-00185676": "with our people on the ground safe, our aviators safe,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00646-00185676-00185902": "and making sure we can accomplish our objectives.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00647-00185902-00186134": "That's where I'd put that right now.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00648-00186134-00186259": "- Okay, listen.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00649-00186328-00186637": "Again, this is my last time with you,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00650-00186640-00186956": "but once again, just the deepest respect for what you do", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00651-00186956-00187306": "and very great appreciation and admiration", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00652-00187338-00187541": "for your reporting over this time.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00653-00187541-00187666": "Many of you I've known a long time,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00654-00187666-00187956": "and I hope I continue to know you for a long time.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00655-00187956-00188169": "Keep up the good work, and thank you.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00656-00188169-00188585": "And once again, we couldn't be luckier or better served", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00657-00188878-00189045": "than in Joe Dunford.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00658-00189115-00189286": "And he will be at this table in the future,", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00659-00189286-00189702": "and it's a good thing for the country that he will be.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00660-00189809-00189945": "- [Reporter] Mr. Secretary, happy New Year.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00661-00189945-00190028": "- Thank you.", "Yg-Y2--S7q8-00662-00190028-00190205": "Happy New Year to all of you, also."}}, {"audio_id": "Yh0OAGdP8mQ", "text": {"Yh0OAGdP8mQ-00000-00000012-00000451": "History was made yesterday at Fort Hood, Texas, forty years after escaping from", "Yh0OAGdP8mQ-00001-00000451-00000675": "Vietnam before the fall of Saigon", "Yh0OAGdP8mQ-00002-00000675-00001095": "Viet Luong became the first ever Vietnamese born general flag officer", "Yh0OAGdP8mQ-00003-00001095-00001504": "in the US military, Brigadier General Luong was joined by his family and", "Yh0OAGdP8mQ-00004-00001504-00001692": "friends for the promotion ceremony", "Yh0OAGdP8mQ-00005-00001692-00002076": "General Luong came to the U.S. as part of Operation Frequent when", "Yh0OAGdP8mQ-00006-00002076-00002451": "a mission to help rescue Vietnamese citizens from the country during the", "Yh0OAGdP8mQ-00007-00002451-00002667": "final days of the Vietnam War", "Yh0OAGdP8mQ-00008-00002667-00003009": "as I reflect on today it's really about our nation", "Yh0OAGdP8mQ-00009-00003009-00003353": "and what it stands for in the opportunities that are forwarded to all", "Yh0OAGdP8mQ-00010-00003353-00003911": "immigrants here in this nation, if I have to tribute this promotion one thing it's to our country", "Yh0OAGdP8mQ-00011-00003988-00004208": "General Long credits his father a former", "Yh0OAGdP8mQ-00012-00004209-00004537": "Vietnamese Marine officer as being his biggest influence"}}, {"audio_id": "Yh4OT10LJFu", "text": {"Yh4OT10LJFu-00000-00000016-00000408": "If you're looking for the best stock brokers in the USA,", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00001-00000408-00001592": "look no further. In this video, I'm going to show you my top picks and why they're the best.", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00002-00001592-00001864": "[Intro music] Hey, Welcome back. It's Yury Safronau,", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00003-00001864-00002464": "aka Professor Forex! I have a Ph.D. in Finance and teach hundreds of students every year.", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00004-00002528-00002848": "In this video I'm going to show you my top picks for the", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00005-00002848-00003632": "best regulated stock brokers in the USA. I have evaluated them on 5 points; Regulation,", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00006-00003688-00004392": "Trading Platform, Trading Instrument Offerings, Trading Fees and Customer Support.", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00007-00004392-00004928": "Now, if you're like me, you want to make sure that you're working with a reputable and reliable", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00008-00004928-00005456": "broker who can give you the best trading experience possible. So whether you're just", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00009-00005456-00006088": "starting out or are an experienced trader, these brokers will have something for everyone.", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00010-00006160-00006776": "All the brokers I chose are regulated and licensed by US regulatory authorities.", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00011-00006776-00006920": "It is important that your broker is regulated by US regulatory authorities like Securities", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00012-00006920-00007095": "and Exchange Commission,", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00013-00007095-00007528": "CFTA and NFA in the USA. Now let’s start with the list!", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00014-00007528-00007600": "We have shortlisted the top 4 stock brokers that regulated by US regulatory authorities. Please", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00015-00007600-00008152": "note that it is a randomised list, and that the first or last broker on this list is not better", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00016-00008152-00008240": "than one other. eToro", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00017-00008408-00009104": "We will start with eToro. eToro is available in almost all the states in the USA for stock and", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00018-00009104-00009472": "crypto currency trading. Let's find out how eToro is", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00019-00009472-00010176": "licensed and regulated in the USA eToro runs its business with its USA entity eToro", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00020-00010176-00010872": "USA LLC. It is licensed and regulated by most of the US State's Regulatory commissions.", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00021-00010944-00011688": "Next, let's talk about eToro Trading Platform eToro offers different types of trading platforms", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00022-00011688-00012440": "for its clients. The eToro WebTrader is the company's proprietary web-based platform,", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00023-00012440-00013080": "while the Mobile Trader app allows for on-the-go trading. The eToro OpenBook", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00024-00013080-00013808": "social trading platform enables traders to follow other successful traders and copy their trades,", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00025-00013863-00014336": "while the CopyTrader tool allows for automated copying of trades.", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00026-00014416-00015391": "What you can trade with eToro in the USA? eToro USA offers from different stock exchanges,", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00027-00015391-00016104": "24 Crypto currencies and 221 ETFs. Remember: Equities and ETFs to US customers", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00028-00016104-00016640": "are offered via eToro USA Securities Inc which is a member of FINRA/SIPC.", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00029-00019024-00019408": "Let's find out eToro USA fees and commissions", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00030-00019408-00019936": "eToro doesn't charge any fees for buying and selling stocks and ETFs.", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00031-00020016-00020464": "There is a 1% fee for buying or selling cryptoassets on eToro.", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00032-00020464-00021192": "With a minimum $10, you can start trading on eToto. Minimum withdrawal amount is $30.", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00033-00021312-00021592": "How's the customer Support of eToro in the USA?", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00034-00021592-00022256": "In the USA, eToro provide customer Support via live chat and ticket raise. For live support,", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00035-00022256-00022840": "you need to login into their website. They don't have email or phone call support.", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00036-00022920-00023416": "They also have FAQ section where you can get all the frequently", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00037-00023416-00023880": "asked questions and answers. https://atozmarkets.com/goetoro", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00038-00023880-00024184": "Ally Invest", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00039-00024488-00025184": "Ally Invest is an American online financial services provider owned by Ally Invest Group. The", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00040-00025184-00025856": "company offers U.S.-listed stocks, ETFs, mutual funds, bonds, options and Margin account.", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00041-00025927-00026600": "How is Ally Invest regulated in the USA? Ally Invest Securities LLC is the member", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00042-00026600-00026704": "of FINRA/SIPC. FINRA—the Financial", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00043-00026704-00026971": "Industry Regulatory Authority—is a government-authorized not-for-profit organization", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00044-00026971-00027239": "that oversees U.S. broker-dealers. SIPC – Securities Investor Protection Corporation–", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00045-00027239-00027327": "is an important part of the overall system of investor protection in the United States.", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00046-00027327-00027695": "Next, I'm going to talk about Ally Invest Trading Platforms", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00047-00027768-00028244": "For stock trading, Ally Invest offer a web based trading platform. It offers Eight chart types", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00048-00028244-00028776": "(bar, mountain, candlestick and line). There are 117 chart studies and 36 drawing", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00049-00028776-00029295": "options that allow you to analyze the performance of stocks and ETFs.", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00050-00029295-00029920": "Interactive charts allow you to customize settings and make price and study comparisons.", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00051-00030024-00030895": "Next, what can we trade with Ally Invest? Ally Invest offers Stocks, EFTs, Options, Bonds,", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00052-00030895-00031568": "Mutual funds low price stocks (price less than $2) under Self Directed Trading.", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00053-00031664-00031976": "Let's find out trading fees on Ally Invest", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00054-00032088-00032760": "For stock and EFTs trading, commission is zero with no account minimum.", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00055-00032904-00033584": "For options trading, commission is zero but has ¢50 fee per contract.", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00056-00033656-00034320": "For Bond trading, commission is $1 per bond and minimum trading amount is $10.", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00057-00034320-00034984": "And for mutual funds, per trading fees is $9.95.", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00058-00035192-00035960": "Deposit is free but for withdrawal by wire transfer costs $30 and by check $5.", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00059-00036080-00036880": "How good is Ally Invest customer Support? Ally provides 24/7 telephone support and an", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00060-00036880-00037568": "online chat function that can quickly route any questions. You can also use email,", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00061-00037568-00037984": "but you won't be able to visit a branch in person for help.", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00062-00038056-00039080": "M1 Finance M1 Finance is not like", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00063-00039080-00039664": "any traditional brokerage. It's an investment broker designed for traders who do not have", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00064-00039664-00040376": "much extensive experience to handle their own investment. M1 Finance LLC is a subsidiary", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00065-00040376-00041000": "company of M1 Holdings. How M1 Finance is regulated?", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00066-00041056-00041888": "M1 Finance LLC is an SEC registered broker-dealer. They are also a Member FINRA and SIPC.", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00067-00041968-00042584": "What can we trade with M1 Finance? M1 Finance is a robo adviser that offers", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00068-00042584-00043152": "different types of investment options. With their M1 Invest and Pie, you can", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00069-00043152-00043656": "choose from 6000 stocks and Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) to make your portfolios.", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00070-00043792-00044344": "Trading Platforms of M1 Finance In M1 Finance, you can get access to", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00071-00044344-00044984": "your account by their desktop platform. They offer you both Android and iOS apps with", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00072-00045064-00045416": "all the necessary features that help you to build your portfolios.", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00073-00045504-00045840": "Next, let's talk about M1 Finance fees and commissions", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00074-00045904-00046744": "M1 Invest of M1 Finance has zero Commissions. M1 Basic Account is for free. M1 plus has", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00075-00046744-00047568": "a subscription fee of 125$ per year. How good is M1 Finance's Customer Support?", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00076-00047624-00048328": "They don't have any phone number or email address on their website. To resolve your query,", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00077-00048328-00049184": "you have to submit a form from their support page. Their support team is only available from 9am-5pm", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00078-00049312-00050000": "ET on days when the United States Stock Market is open. They usually take one business day to", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00079-00050000-00050312": "respond to your query. Revolut", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00080-00051008-00051672": "In 2020, Revolut launched its services in the USA. They offer different types of", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00081-00051672-00052160": "financial products but today we are going to talk about their stock trading.", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00082-00052160-00052760": "How Revolut is Regulated in the USA? Securities products and services provided", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00083-00052760-00053255": "by Revolut Securities Inc is a member of FINRA ( Financial Industry Regulatory Authority) and", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00084-00053255-00053648": "SIPC (Securities Investor Protection Corporation). So it can be said that Revolut", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00085-00053648-00054144": "is well regulated in the USA. What can we trade with Revolut?", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00086-00054144-00054752": "You can Buy and sell U.S. listed stocks and ETFs with Revolut Securities in the USA. Revolut", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00087-00054752-00055224": "offers 1000+ global companies shares on their platform.", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00088-00055288-00055664": "Next, let's talk about Revolut fees and commissions", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00089-00055664-00056440": "Revolut doesn't charge any commissions. But there regulatory fees. For stocks and ETFs all", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00090-00056440-00057279": "sales are charged at a rate of $0.000130 per share with a minimum charge of $0.01", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00091-00057344-00058040": "and a maximum charge of $6.49. How's is Revolut trading platform?", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00092-00058040-00058848": "Revolut offers an app for both android and iOS. The app has an easy-to-use user interface that", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00093-00058848-00059648": "is designed to be convenient for all users. Revolut does have any desktop and web platform.", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00094-00059712-00060096": "As it's an app, you can trade on the go without any hassles.", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00095-00060152-00060704": "How's Revolut Customer Support? For customer Support in the USA,", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00096-00060704-00061648": "you can chat on Revolut app. They offer 24/7 chat support. They don't have any email or call", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00097-00061648-00062520": "support for stock traders. These are the best stock brokers in the USA.", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00098-00062760-00063488": "We've compiled the list of the top 5 forex brokers in USA based on a variety of criteria.", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00099-00063488-00063944": "For more great platforms that are available to those who live in the USA-", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00100-00063944-00064336": "check out our website AtoZMarkets.com and find some others on this list too.", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00101-00064336-00064936": "I hope you enjoy our videos. Don't forget to like the video, and subscribe to the channel and press", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00102-00064936-00065600": "the bell icon. And Do share with your friends who are looking for some great insights about", "Yh4OT10LJFu-00103-00065688-00066736": "forex and other financial markets. Thank-you so much!"}}, {"audio_id": "YhHCkGpPoLI", "text": {"YhHCkGpPoLI-00000-00000325-00000656": "Hi I am Colin, and here are the week's entertainment headlines from pinksixty.", "YhHCkGpPoLI-00001-00000656-00001147": "US TV channel Logo's new programme line-up, seems to show the service is moving away", "YhHCkGpPoLI-00002-00001147-00001334": "from gay-centric content.", "YhHCkGpPoLI-00003-00001334-00001598": "Pinksixty heard from a company insider who confirmed the", "YhHCkGpPoLI-00004-00001598-00001948": "channel's strategy is to appeal to a broader audience.", "YhHCkGpPoLI-00005-00001948-00002393": "This year's Mr Gay World competition has more African contestants than ever before.", "YhHCkGpPoLI-00006-00002393-00002673": "Entrants from 4 African nations will take part in the final, being", "YhHCkGpPoLI-00007-00002673-00002847": "held in Johannesburg in April.", "YhHCkGpPoLI-00008-00002847-00003309": "A new single challenging anti-gay bullying in schools has been recorded by some of", "YhHCkGpPoLI-00009-00003309-00003509": "the UK's top lesbian musical talent.", "YhHCkGpPoLI-00010-00003509-00003901": "'It DOES Get Better' is number 1 on the Amazon Rock and Folk song charts,", "YhHCkGpPoLI-00011-00003901-00004148": "and it's available on YouTube.", "YhHCkGpPoLI-00012-00004148-00004566": "Glee star, Chris Colfer writes and stars in new movie, 'Struck by Lightning'.", "YhHCkGpPoLI-00013-00004566-00004799": "He plays an unpopular student who blackmails the popular", "YhHCkGpPoLI-00014-00004799-00005085": "kids so he can get the right grades to attend college.", "YhHCkGpPoLI-00015-00005085-00005367": "The trailer is available on YouTube.", "YhHCkGpPoLI-00016-00005367-00005720": "And finally, it's been revealed Whitney Houston was due to appear in an", "YhHCkGpPoLI-00017-00005720-00005907": "anti-bullying campaign the day she died.", "YhHCkGpPoLI-00018-00005907-00006230": "Her daughter was waiting with the photographer for the campaign,", "YhHCkGpPoLI-00019-00006230-00006511": "but her mother never arrived.", "YhHCkGpPoLI-00020-00006511-00006689": "thats all from us today Join us agine tomorrow"}}, {"audio_id": "YhJ44HL53ac", "text": {"YhJ44HL53ac-00000-00000008-00000250": "- My name is Pamela Sari and I direct the Asian American", "YhJ44HL53ac-00001-00000250-00000459": "and Asian Resource and Culture Center.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00002-00000459-00000800": "Our center was founded in the spring of 2015,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00003-00000800-00001140": "as a result of faculty, staff and student activism", "YhJ44HL53ac-00004-00001140-00001380": "for more than a decade, decade long.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00005-00001380-00001680": "So, fun fact about me, was that I graduated", "YhJ44HL53ac-00006-00001680-00001950": "with my PhD from Purdue University.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00007-00001950-00002410": "And, when I was a graduate student, I was involved in", "YhJ44HL53ac-00008-00002410-00002870": "some of these efforts to propose the Asian American", "YhJ44HL53ac-00009-00002870-00003050": "and Asian Resource and Culture Center.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00010-00003050-00003540": "So, I always say that, I have a full circle of", "YhJ44HL53ac-00011-00003540-00003729": "engagement with the center.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00012-00003729-00004040": "So our center is a resource that invites all Purdue", "YhJ44HL53ac-00013-00004040-00004390": "communities to weave diverse Asian and Asian American", "YhJ44HL53ac-00014-00004390-00004660": "experiences into our campus life.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00015-00004660-00005050": "So we do this through the intersections of pedagogy,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00016-00005050-00005290": "cultural work and advocacy.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00017-00005290-00005710": "Some of our signature programs include, Lunch and Learn,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00018-00005710-00006130": "every Thursday in the fall and spring semester.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00019-00006130-00006470": "And also our speaker series, we invite speakers", "YhJ44HL53ac-00020-00006470-00006900": "from all across expertise into Purdue campus.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00021-00006900-00007250": "And we also celebrate cultural events such as,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00022-00007250-00007650": "our annual Lunar New Year celebration.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00023-00007650-00008063": "We also work with faculty and staff across the colleges", "YhJ44HL53ac-00024-00008120-00008410": "to weave Asian and Asian American experiences", "YhJ44HL53ac-00025-00008410-00008610": "into the classrooms.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00026-00008610-00008980": "We also work very closely with Asian interest", "YhJ44HL53ac-00027-00008980-00009220": "student organizations, there are so many of them", "YhJ44HL53ac-00028-00009220-00009430": "that you can get involved with.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00029-00009430-00009800": "So, again we welcome your interest,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00030-00009800-00010170": "if that's, that's something that you are really interested in.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00031-00010170-00010508": "We also have an active social media presence.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00032-00010570-00010860": "On my background is our", "YhJ44HL53ac-00033-00010860-00011170": "website and also you can find us", "YhJ44HL53ac-00034-00011170-00011460": "in our daily thematic content on Instagram", "YhJ44HL53ac-00035-00011460-00011720": "and Facebook and also we are on Twitter as well.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00036-00011720-00012060": "I can speak of the impacts, in terms of, of two things,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00037-00012060-00012470": "one, for students who identify as Asian and Asian Americans,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00038-00012470-00012860": "we foster a sense of belonging and growth of identity.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00039-00012860-00013160": "And also a sense of collaborations with each other.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00040-00013160-00013450": "In terms of Asian Americans and Asian Internationals.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00041-00013450-00013604": "Due to", "YhJ44HL53ac-00042-00013650-00014150": "systemic racism that, that often happen against our communities,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00043-00014150-00014280": "sometimes", "YhJ44HL53ac-00044-00014430-00014669": "we are in a position of,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00045-00014669-00015030": "we try to position ourselves away from each other.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00046-00015030-00015419": "And, I've seen that the AAARCC is, is trying to", "YhJ44HL53ac-00047-00015419-00015773": "to build the bridges among the two communities.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00048-00015819-00016119": "For example, this, this just came up in, in some of our", "YhJ44HL53ac-00049-00016119-00016319": "programming last semester.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00050-00016319-00016600": "Some of our students come from communities", "YhJ44HL53ac-00051-00016600-00016710": "like Hanna mentioned,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00052-00016710-00016860": "where they might be one of,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00053-00016860-00017180": "or the only Asian in the community.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00054-00017180-00017430": "They never see other people who look like them.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00055-00017430-00017800": "And when they're in school,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00056-00017800-00018080": "suddenly there's a feeling of shame about, you know,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00057-00018080-00018410": "bringing their own food to, to the school, for example.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00058-00018410-00018840": "There's a, there's a sense of shame and also a sense of, of shaming.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00059-00018840-00019230": "And when we talk about food for example,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00060-00019230-00019500": "what is, what is your favorite thing to cook?", "YhJ44HL53ac-00061-00019540-00019840": "And suddenly that conversation is flowing about, yeah,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00062-00019840-00020200": "I remember the time when I feel ashamed of bringing even", "YhJ44HL53ac-00063-00020200-00020390": "my own cultural food.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00064-00020390-00020840": "Food that I eat at home into my education setting.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00065-00020840-00021240": "So, the opportunity to get together and discuss", "YhJ44HL53ac-00066-00021240-00021460": "these issues have allowed, you know,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00067-00021460-00021910": "the, the growth of identity and, and the, the growing sense of belonging", "YhJ44HL53ac-00068-00021910-00022100": "as members of the communities.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00069-00022100-00022420": "Asian Americans and Asian Internationals have different,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00070-00022420-00022780": "but also intersecting histories that we would like to", "YhJ44HL53ac-00071-00022780-00023070": "share and celebrate with each other, so,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00072-00023070-00023390": "And we see some of the people that we've interviewed,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00073-00023390-00023980": "they said that they grew up without a sense of role models.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00074-00023980-00024370": "Through the TV, people around them,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00075-00024370-00024600": "they don't see people who look like them.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00076-00024600-00024950": "And what a privilege it has been to bring people like", "YhJ44HL53ac-00077-00024950-00025250": "Wong Fu Production, Mirai Nagasu,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00078-00025250-00025480": "Olympian in US figure skating team.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00079-00025480-00025810": "Where people can say to us that,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00080-00025810-00026110": "wow, there are people who look like us,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00081-00026110-00026247": "who can be successful.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00082-00026289-00026710": "So it fosters a sense of, of growth in their identity.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00083-00026760-00027039": "So for the rest of campus communities,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00084-00027039-00027380": "the presence of the AAARCC can foster a creation of", "YhJ44HL53ac-00085-00027380-00027680": "strong allies to help us dispel some of the myths", "YhJ44HL53ac-00086-00027680-00027800": "that we often hear about", "YhJ44HL53ac-00087-00027800-00028000": "Asian and Asian American communities.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00088-00028000-00028430": "For example, the idea of model minority myth.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00089-00028430-00028820": "The Asian and Asian American comes into college campuses,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00090-00028820-00029239": "successful, don't need help, though,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00091-00029239-00029539": "and by looking into the diversity of our communities,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00092-00029539-00029920": "we can begin to see, right?, many of us actually need help.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00093-00029920-00030320": "And how can we be allies to each other in this sense.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00094-00030320-00030589": "So hopefully that, that will continue to, to...", "YhJ44HL53ac-00095-00030739-00031110": "Purdue as we know, have, has excellent academic programs,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00096-00031110-00031389": "which means that our students are really working hard", "YhJ44HL53ac-00097-00031389-00031689": "to achieve their academic success.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00098-00031689-00032020": "And my favorite and honestly, my favorite, some of my", "YhJ44HL53ac-00099-00032020-00032300": "favorite moments at the AAARCCS is late afternoon,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00100-00032300-00032620": "when students come together with their communities,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00101-00032720-00033010": "working at the ITAP computer lab at the center.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00102-00033010-00033310": "Or utilizing the conference room at the center.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00103-00033310-00033790": "And I can see them trying to teach each other homework,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00104-00033790-00034210": "while singing together, going to the kitchen to get", "YhJ44HL53ac-00105-00034210-00034340": "something to eat and back.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00106-00034340-00034720": "And discussing again about their homework and their classes.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00107-00034720-00035083": "The, the creation of communities of care are just", "YhJ44HL53ac-00108-00035220-00035590": "refreshing to me and, and encouraging me every single day.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00109-00035590-00035950": "And, and in fact, from some of the students that we talked to", "YhJ44HL53ac-00110-00035950-00036170": "and also staff members that we talked to,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00111-00036170-00036660": "mental health professionals actually also recommend", "YhJ44HL53ac-00112-00036660-00037000": "our students go to these types of communities", "YhJ44HL53ac-00113-00037000-00037530": "and go to student organizations, in our, in our case,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00114-00037530-00038020": "with Asian interest, to, to get that, that sense of community", "YhJ44HL53ac-00115-00038020-00038430": "and, and to get that sense of care with each other.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00116-00038430-00038890": "So that's something that I really am touched every time.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00117-00038890-00039280": "For, in our student organization have been very forward-thinking,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00118-00039280-00039420": "in terms of including", "YhJ44HL53ac-00119-00039420-00039700": "Asian Americans and Asian Internationals in their groups.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00120-00039700-00040080": "And so I can see these, these bridges are being built,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00121-00040080-00040290": "relationships are being fostered,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00122-00040290-00040670": "so that is, that is one of the excellence of", "YhJ44HL53ac-00123-00040670-00040910": "efforts that I've been seeing coming through.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00124-00040910-00041260": "And also, our students have been gaining skills", "YhJ44HL53ac-00125-00041260-00041430": "from their involvement with the center", "YhJ44HL53ac-00126-00041430-00041550": "and their involvement with the", "YhJ44HL53ac-00127-00041550-00041720": "Asian interest student organization.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00128-00041720-00042020": "Skills that are translated into academic work,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00129-00042020-00042360": "that look into the diversity and intersectionality", "YhJ44HL53ac-00130-00042360-00042460": "of our communities.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00131-00042460-00042970": "For example, I worked with several students who eventually,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00132-00042981-00043130": "through their involvement at the AAARCC,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00133-00043130-00043370": "they're interested in taking more courses like,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00134-00043370-00043680": "intro to Asian American studies or other courses", "YhJ44HL53ac-00135-00043680-00044010": "in other colleges that look into intersectionality", "YhJ44HL53ac-00136-00044010-00044120": "of our identities.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00137-00044120-00044480": "And they decide to pursue further education,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00138-00044560-00044880": "looking at their own communities.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00139-00044880-00045290": "Looking at intersectionality of work in, you know,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00140-00045290-00045420": "across our communities.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00141-00045420-00045760": "And they translate that into graduate school applications,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00142-00045760-00045902": "into their work.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00143-00045950-00046290": "Writing letters of recommendation is also one of my", "YhJ44HL53ac-00144-00046290-00046500": "favorite things to do, because I can see", "YhJ44HL53ac-00145-00046500-00047000": "that their aspirations really translate into growing skills,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00146-00047000-00047199": "growing academic working skills.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00147-00047400-00047730": "So there are many ways that you all can get involved", "YhJ44HL53ac-00148-00047730-00047810": "with the AAARCC.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00149-00047810-00048140": "First one is, like the other directors have said,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00150-00048140-00048340": "visit the cultural centers.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00151-00048340-00048540": "We have welcoming staff.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00152-00048540-00048830": "At the AAARCC we also have a graduate student and two", "YhJ44HL53ac-00153-00048830-00049300": "undergraduate staff members who can speak with you", "YhJ44HL53ac-00154-00049300-00049660": "and if you want to learn more about what you can do", "YhJ44HL53ac-00155-00049660-00049770": "to get involved.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00156-00049770-00050110": "Also, I would recommend participate in our events,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00157-00050110-00050400": "not only as attendees, being attendees are great,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00158-00050400-00050726": "but also as organizers and presenters.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00159-00050780-00051120": "Our students have been presenting at our", "YhJ44HL53ac-00160-00051120-00051250": "weekly Lunch and Learn.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00161-00051250-00051540": "For example one time, a couple students presented", "YhJ44HL53ac-00162-00051540-00051710": "on the history of chopsticks.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00163-00051710-00051970": "And how, you know, the history of chopsticks", "YhJ44HL53ac-00164-00051970-00052279": "represent diversity of our communities.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00165-00052340-00052650": "The student organizations that we work with,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00166-00052650-00052910": "they volunteer to host tables at our events.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00167-00052910-00053140": "For example, at the Lunar New Year celebration,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00168-00053140-00053279": "they host different events.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00169-00053279-00053570": "Again, to emphasize the diversity of the", "YhJ44HL53ac-00170-00053570-00053820": "Lunar New Year experiences across countries,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00171-00053820-00054020": "across regions in the United States.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00172-00054020-00054510": "They participate as volunteers in our speaker series.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00173-00054510-00054890": "We try to collaborate with student organizations to,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00174-00054890-00055150": "when we invite each of our speakers.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00175-00055150-00055500": "That way our students can also get experiences", "YhJ44HL53ac-00176-00055500-00055850": "of hosting and also organizing, planning events.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00177-00055850-00056079": "And, the third one is,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00178-00056079-00056320": "participate in our communication efforts.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00179-00056320-00056540": "So subscribe to our weekly newsletter,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00180-00056540-00056729": "if you haven't done so.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00181-00056729-00057090": "Follow us on social media and also participate in", "YhJ44HL53ac-00182-00057090-00057290": "our social media thematic events.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00183-00057290-00057690": "And lastly, we're now trying to grow our services", "YhJ44HL53ac-00184-00057690-00057820": "to fulfill our mission.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00185-00057820-00058260": "For example, we just started our AAARCC research labs,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00186-00058260-00058550": "we're doing research right now for example,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00187-00058550-00058850": "on media portrayal and", "YhJ44HL53ac-00188-00058850-00059279": "media impact on Asian and Asian American communities,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00189-00059279-00059522": "surrounding the issue of COVID-19.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00190-00059600-00060100": "If that fits in your academic work, come talk to me", "YhJ44HL53ac-00191-00060100-00060410": "and how you can get involved and how you can", "YhJ44HL53ac-00192-00060410-00060579": "participate in this research.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00193-00060579-00060790": "And also, this is something exciting,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00194-00060790-00061110": "we're starting our lion dance team,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00195-00061110-00061320": "that hopefully will be able to present", "YhJ44HL53ac-00196-00061320-00061700": "in some of our major university campus events in the future.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00197-00061700-00061960": "So if you have talent in the area or you would like", "YhJ44HL53ac-00198-00061960-00062270": "to practice and grow your skills in the area,", "YhJ44HL53ac-00199-00062270-00062720": "please come join us in our, this, this upcoming lion dance team.", "YhJ44HL53ac-00200-00062720-00063020": "So, there're some of the ways that you can get involved."}}, {"audio_id": "YifodliBUo0", "text": {"YifodliBUo0-00000-00001021-00002251": "Jai shree Shyam"}}, {"audio_id": "YisumSu0tuQ", "text": {"YisumSu0tuQ-00000-00000016-00000216": "asalam alykum wr wb hello halal family", "YisumSu0tuQ-00001-00000216-00000528": "welcome to the channel i hope you guys are having yourself a wonderful day in today's", "YisumSu0tuQ-00002-00000528-00001024": "video we'll be reacting to this is iphone 12 pro so stay tuned we're going to get", "YisumSu0tuQ-00003-00001024-00001592": "started with that video in just a couple minutes", "YisumSu0tuQ-00004-00001832-00002104": "welcome back guys inshallah we're going to get started with the video momentarily and", "YisumSu0tuQ-00005-00002104-00002416": "at the end of the video i'll be sharing with you my observation and reaction so please make", "YisumSu0tuQ-00006-00002416-00002704": "sure you stay until the end with that said we're going to get started with our video", "YisumSu0tuQ-00007-00002832-00003672": "a singular new design a re-engineered tip and 5g this is iphone 12 pro", "YisumSu0tuQ-00008-00003815-00004120": "the vertical band is precision machined from stainless steel", "YisumSu0tuQ-00009-00004272-00004680": "the ceramic shield on the front is tougher than any smartphone glass", "YisumSu0tuQ-00010-00004856-00005272": "and tighter borders allow for even larger super retina xdr displays", "YisumSu0tuQ-00011-00005584-00005920": "5g is set to change the world with radically faster speeds", "YisumSu0tuQ-00012-00005984-00006688": "the hardware and software have been optimized for the best 5g experience a14 bionic", "YisumSu0tuQ-00013-00006688-00007184": "has a smaller 5 nanometer transistor which pushes the most powerful chip in a smartphone", "YisumSu0tuQ-00014-00007264-00007952": "generations ahead a new and improved pro camera system makes the 12 pro the photographer's", "YisumSu0tuQ-00015-00007952-00008688": "iphone the larger iphone 12 pro max takes these innovations even further its bigger", "YisumSu0tuQ-00016-00008688-00009264": "sensor dramatically increases the detail capture and helps improve low light performance by 87", "YisumSu0tuQ-00017-00009736-00010352": "the custom designed lidar scanner puts advanced depth mapping technology in your pocket you can", "YisumSu0tuQ-00018-00010352-00010928": "now take a night mode portrait and unlock a new world of possibilities for augmented reality", "YisumSu0tuQ-00019-00011376-00011888": "iphone 12 pro smashes the benchmark for highest quality video in a smartphone", "YisumSu0tuQ-00020-00012328-00012784": "and the movie industry can now count on it as an essential piece of equipment", "YisumSu0tuQ-00021-00013024-00013696": "it is the world's first device able to capture playback and edit 10-bit hdr footage with dolby", "YisumSu0tuQ-00022-00013696-00014440": "vision iphone 12 pro comes in two sizes and in four finishes including new pacific blue", "YisumSu0tuQ-00023-00014752-00015056": "an integral part of this year's design is magsafe", "YisumSu0tuQ-00024-00015112-00015584": "an intelligent system of magnets that connect accessories in a whole new way", "YisumSu0tuQ-00025-00015919-00016456": "all this and more make iphone 12 pro the most powerful iphone ever", "YisumSu0tuQ-00026-00016824-00017456": "wow guys i'm i'm a big apple fan i didn't used to be you know i i before i just used to be", "YisumSu0tuQ-00027-00017520-00018088": "android i didn't really like apple because i didn't like the operating system and we used to", "YisumSu0tuQ-00028-00018088-00018576": "have them in the high school in the library and it was just too finicky you know it's different than", "YisumSu0tuQ-00029-00018576-00019232": "windows and i didn't want to learn it but then a couple years ago i bought myself a macbook air and", "YisumSu0tuQ-00030-00019232-00019616": "you know with that i started playing around so i got used to the operating system and", "YisumSu0tuQ-00031-00019616-00020184": "i also appreciate the battery life as well as how reliable it was from the previous laptops", "YisumSu0tuQ-00032-00020184-00020704": "windows laptops that i had where they would crash every uh you know six months or so or if not more", "YisumSu0tuQ-00033-00020776-00021224": "but you know alhamdulillah the macbook air was good and i recently i got an imac", "YisumSu0tuQ-00034-00021344-00021864": "because of having the macbook air because i was so happy with it and now it's exciting to see", "YisumSu0tuQ-00035-00021864-00022480": "the apple 12 pro just looks crazy the one thing that it looked really cool and interesting to me", "YisumSu0tuQ-00036-00022480-00023008": "was that one part they said the light something sensor where you take pictures and it actually", "YisumSu0tuQ-00037-00023008-00023592": "allows you to use it for augmented reality that would be interesting to see so really really cool", "YisumSu0tuQ-00038-00023592-00024184": "excited for the release i think this week is they just started releasing it and i was seeing that um", "YisumSu0tuQ-00039-00024184-00024688": "they're saying that the numbers are higher than iphone 11 so that's uh cool guys i hope you", "YisumSu0tuQ-00040-00024688-00025072": "guys like this video if you did please don't forget to like comment share and subscribe", "YisumSu0tuQ-00041-00025072-00025520": "and if you like me to react to any other videos please put a comment section below as always", "YisumSu0tuQ-00042-00025520-00025864": "thank you very much for your love and support i hope you guys have yourself a wonderful day", "YisumSu0tuQ-00043-00025864-00026783": "take care yourself and your family inshallah i'll see you guys in the next video take care and wassalam"}}, {"audio_id": "Yi_J7fXcMpy", "text": {"Yi_J7fXcMpy-00000-00000006-00000859": "I guys, Gena Babak with you and today I want you to listen to this wise man", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00001-00000859-00001419": "his name is Peter Volfing and he is actually a creator of Easy one up system", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00002-00001419-00001821": "and right now he will tell you how you can build your business from your", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00003-00001821-00002444": "smartphone and actually this is why I love this system this is why I like easy", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00004-00002444-00002903": "one up and why I promote this because actually the system allows you to build", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00005-00002903-00003432": "your business from your home from your phone from your smartphone actually so", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00006-00003432-00004239": "let's listen to Peter okay it's not just a local thing so we're not a local type", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00007-00004239-00004598": "of business where we have to have some kind of physical representation in a", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00008-00004598-00005034": "certain area it's not necessarily okay that is the virtual aspect and that's", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00009-00005034-00005423": "how you could turn on your economic engine not just domestically where", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00010-00005423-00005896": "you're living but on a global basis you can build yourself a global business", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00011-00005896-00006518": "from your smartphone from your laptop from your computer right from where you", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00012-00006518-00007170": "live and expand on an international basis so build your business locally but", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00013-00007170-00007904": "expand it and think globally okay think globally because with the technology", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00014-00007904-00008331": "that we have there's no reason that you have to be restricted to a local area", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00015-00008331-00008847": "now you start your business that way okay you talk to people you bump into", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00016-00008847-00009743": "people we have people over here that are jogging in the morning right now this is", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00017-00009743-00010199": "there's a Freedom Tower right there right there that's the Freedom Tower", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00018-00010199-00010499": "okay", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00019-00010600-00011266": "so we're gonna be doing high-level coaching training here imagine coming", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00020-00011266-00011685": "over here okay spending two or three days with me", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00021-00011685-00012115": "feeling someone now that's the other aspect of virtual every once in a while", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00022-00012115-00012850": "you want to be able to do something physical okay but because of technology", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00023-00012850-00013354": "you can expand globally which in turn increases the the people in the reach", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00024-00013354-00013872": "that you can have on a global basis now for example if you see the people on", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00025-00013872-00014533": "here I mentioned there's many people on here from Nepal from Africa from my so", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00026-00014533-00014908": "many friends from Vietnam that are just tearing up over there congratulations to", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00027-00014908-00015528": "you guys you guys are doing great wrong Club not even great I mean fantastic I", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00028-00015528-00016399": "just did a training session in Central Park at a cafe for a hundred people in", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00029-00016399-00016651": "Vietnam and we had the translator on there", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00030-00016651-00016954": "that's what I'm talking about what do I need a physical office for that I don't", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00031-00016954-00017410": "I don't I can do that business anywhere anytime and it's not necessary plus", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00032-00017410-00017968": "you're showing people the lifestyle right and the flexibility of your", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00033-00017968-00018307": "business by being able to do the business like that I've done many many", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00034-00018307-00018709": "conference calls and and zooms and everything right here where I'm standing", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00035-00018709-00019173": "right now okay and the people like where are you I said just something my office", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00036-00019173-00019576": "what do you mean oh I'm here I'm not here by the water this is my office", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00037-00019576-00019975": "right my office is anywhere anytime laptop lifestyle that's what it is and", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00038-00019975-00020392": "that's what I'm portraying to people because I live it so by doing that", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00039-00020392-00020776": "you're expanding and you're turning on your economic engine to develop", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00040-00020776-00021179": "sovereignty in your life that you can live anywhere anytime and generate money", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00041-00021179-00021627": "to generate money and now it's not just about the money can a", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00042-00021627-00022053": "money is important ranks right up there with an oxygen okay but it's not the", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00043-00022053-00022497": "only thing the first thing is helping people so you're there helping people", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00044-00022497-00022923": "solving their problem it is a bipod in that you make money right so you have", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00045-00022923-00023508": "the attitude of gratitude Stockholm awesome who said that I'm from Stockholm", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00046-00023508-00024150": "I keep on forgetting to scroll up Oh Lars you're in Stockholm I love it long", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00047-00024150-00024497": "as I love it Stockholm I've never been there oh it's beautiful", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00048-00024497-00024933": "her beautiful I build a group over there large so I'll come over there", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00049-00024933-00025512": "I love to come up great way to have a vacation / training at the same time ah", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00050-00025512-00025820": "here we go let me show you my office I'll show you", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00051-00025820-00026327": "my office so hey guys when I announce when these things are coming up by June", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00052-00026327-00027111": "6th and 7th June 6th and 7th that is a rooftop where I work up there too and we", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00053-00027111-00027522": "do coaching up there will you have it you can do that type of thing too in", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00054-00027522-00028086": "your life right I've been doing this for 30 years 29 years okay this September", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00055-00028086-00028397": "it'd be 29 years I'd say 30 years I just rounded off okay", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00056-00028397-00029052": "29 years in the networking field and I'm very proud to say that I've been able to", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00057-00029052-00029483": "help a lot of people okay a lot of people okay change their economic future", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00058-00029483-00030069": "many people become millionaires okay and and I'm so happy for them to be able to", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00059-00030069-00030722": "do that so actually this is what I must say as well so I just joined either one", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00060-00030722-00031266": "up in 2017 I made couple of sales and then I think we forgot about the system", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00061-00031266-00032047": "I care about this information and second time when I came back it was in 2019 and", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00062-00032047-00032834": "I already was a bit more clever guy a bit more experienced online marketer and", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00063-00032834-00033519": "actually at this time I was actually in a position to understand why and how", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00064-00033519-00034053": "this system helps people start making money online and actually this is why", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00065-00034053-00034476": "I'm offering this system to you right now so simply follow the steps which you", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00066-00034476-00034763": "see below everything will be fine with you will", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00067-00034763-00035216": "you'll start making money and also the main thing which I like that you will", "Yi_J7fXcMpy-00068-00035216-00035725": "start helping other people making money as well"}}, {"audio_id": "YibyIG84Yrc", "text": {"YibyIG84Yrc-00000-00000051-00000211": "Are you thinking about buying a home", "YibyIG84Yrc-00001-00000211-00000368": "but don't know where to start?", "YibyIG84Yrc-00002-00000368-00000544": "Well, first off you need an agent", "YibyIG84Yrc-00003-00000544-00000662": "who is there to protect you", "YibyIG84Yrc-00004-00000662-00000861": "and who has your best interests at heart.", "YibyIG84Yrc-00005-00000861-00001094": "There are so many pieces to purchasing a home", "YibyIG84Yrc-00006-00001094-00001247": "and if you're not careful", "YibyIG84Yrc-00007-00001247-00001477": "it can cost you thousands of dollars.", "YibyIG84Yrc-00008-00001477-00001743": "Hi, I'm Danielle Scott with Keller Williams Realty.", "YibyIG84Yrc-00009-00001743-00002068": "Here's the best part, I work for you for free.", "YibyIG84Yrc-00010-00002068-00002337": "It doesn't cost you anything to work with me.", "YibyIG84Yrc-00011-00002337-00002495": "The seller pays my fees.", "YibyIG84Yrc-00012-00002495-00002817": "The seller has an agent who is representing them", "YibyIG84Yrc-00013-00002817-00003143": "and their best interests, and you need one too.", "YibyIG84Yrc-00014-00003143-00003403": "I'm here to guide you through every phase", "YibyIG84Yrc-00015-00003403-00003525": "of the transaction.", "YibyIG84Yrc-00016-00003525-00003720": "From finding you that perfect home,", "YibyIG84Yrc-00017-00003720-00003926": "and making professional recommendations", "YibyIG84Yrc-00018-00003926-00004177": "as to what you should or shouldn't do", "YibyIG84Yrc-00019-00004177-00004469": "throughout every phase of the transaction.", "YibyIG84Yrc-00020-00004469-00004681": "I guide you through making an offer,", "YibyIG84Yrc-00021-00004681-00004965": "on positioning yourself, on getting your offer accepted", "YibyIG84Yrc-00022-00004965-00005155": "even when there are competing offers.", "YibyIG84Yrc-00023-00005155-00005328": "I make suggestions on what you should", "YibyIG84Yrc-00024-00005328-00005525": "and shouldn't be asking for.", "YibyIG84Yrc-00025-00005525-00005883": "Financing strategies, what inspections you should have,", "YibyIG84Yrc-00026-00005883-00006073": "what repairs you should ask for,", "YibyIG84Yrc-00027-00006073-00006348": "what costs are customary for the buyer to pay,", "YibyIG84Yrc-00028-00006348-00006602": "and what is customary for the seller to pay.", "YibyIG84Yrc-00029-00006602-00006929": "I go over contingencies and so much more.", "YibyIG84Yrc-00030-00006929-00007145": "I am here to hold your hand and guide you", "YibyIG84Yrc-00031-00007145-00007317": "through the entire process,", "YibyIG84Yrc-00032-00007317-00007484": "to ensure you make the right choice", "YibyIG84Yrc-00033-00007484-00007745": "so you don't spend any money unnecessarily.", "YibyIG84Yrc-00034-00007745-00008020": "I'm here to be your support system and lifelong friend,", "YibyIG84Yrc-00035-00008020-00008267": "even after I give you the keys to your new home.", "YibyIG84Yrc-00036-00008267-00008430": "Please reach out and let me help you", "YibyIG84Yrc-00037-00008430-00008583": "on your way to home ownership.", "YibyIG84Yrc-00038-00008583-00008791": "I'm Danielle Scott, let's make it a great", "YibyIG84Yrc-00039-00008791-00008954": "home buying and selling day."}}, {"audio_id": "YjgD2CodNkk", "text": {"YjgD2CodNkk-00000-00000000-00000087": "Put it down.", "YjgD2CodNkk-00001-00000104-00000348": "Okay, [language]", "YjgD2CodNkk-00002-00000398-00000600": "[language]", "YjgD2CodNkk-00003-00000650-00000858": "[language]", "YjgD2CodNkk-00004-00000941-00001396": "[language]", "YjgD2CodNkk-00005-00001495-00001975": "[language]", "YjgD2CodNkk-00006-00002093-00002461": "[language]", "YjgD2CodNkk-00007-00002613-00003168": "[language] I'm [language] and Dunghutti woman, i'm a Saltwater person", "YjgD2CodNkk-00008-00003218-00003532": "i'm living here on[dukunyan] Country on the Central Coast", "YjgD2CodNkk-00009-00003663-00004158": "and I just want to give respect to Country and to everyone that here in this meeting,", "YjgD2CodNkk-00010-00004234-00004914": "always was and always will be Aboriginal Land. To introduce myself I'm Jazlie Davis,", "YjgD2CodNkk-00011-00005146-00005682": "my bloodlines go back to the Davis's from Rollands Plains but I also have bloodline", "YjgD2CodNkk-00012-00005682-00006168": "connections to the [Wutherspoons] from Platt's Estate, [Printon's] and Brown's at Dingo Creek aroundthe", "YjgD2CodNkk-00013-00006168-00006558": "Manning area and the [Thort's] and Snow's from over the ranges at Moonbi.", "YjgD2CodNkk-00014-00006678-00007284": "I was born and raised on [Worimi] Country in, in Forster and have strong connection tomy", "YjgD2CodNkk-00015-00007284-00007830": "family and community there. I'm presenting today with Gulwanyang Moran and Jay, if you wantto", "YjgD2CodNkk-00016-00007830-00007968": "introduce yourself.", "YjgD2CodNkk-00017-00007994-00008533": "Yeah sure before I dothough feel free to pop in the chat the Countriesthat you're dialling in from,", "YjgD2CodNkk-00018-00008554-00008841": "I'm just think of that acknowledgment for your Country as well", "YjgD2CodNkk-00019-00008911-00009640": "[language]", "YjgD2CodNkk-00020-00009710-00010239": "[language]", "YjgD2CodNkk-00021-00010296-00011053": "[language]", "YjgD2CodNkk-00022-00011148-00012000": "So my, my name's Gulwanyang, i'm a proud Birbbay and Dunghutti woman and my bloodline totems", "YjgD2CodNkk-00023-00012000-00012569": "are the AustralianBass or what is known as the Australian Bass andthe Koala, [Burra]", "YjgD2CodNkk-00024-00012657-00013354": "my Northern Clan group totem of the [Birrupi Nation] is [Billon]which is the Stingray", "YjgD2CodNkk-00025-00013354-00013840": "and our Nation totem is The Grey Nurse Shark the [bulwan].", "YjgD2CodNkk-00026-00013840-00014422": "And on the Dunghutti side, that Dunghutti totem is [Girkin] which is the Praying Mantis.", "YjgD2CodNkk-00027-00014502-00015114": "And then mybirth totem is [Dugwun] which is the Pied Butcher Bird", "YjgD2CodNkk-00028-00015186-00015600": "and the [language] from [language] which is my women's totem.", "YjgD2CodNkk-00029-00015629-00016109": "so my bloodlines are the Davis, Davis's is also from the Rollands Plains area", "YjgD2CodNkk-00030-00016162-00016673": "the [Sign's], the [Moran's] and the [Donahue's] that link back into Dunghutti Countryas well", "YjgD2CodNkk-00031-00016695-00017049": "and I was born and bred on Birpai Country in Port Macquarie", "YjgD2CodNkk-00032-00017177-00017306": "[language]", "YjgD2CodNkk-00033-00017322-00018146": "[language] Yeah, so can we go to the next slide [language] if that's okay", "YjgD2CodNkk-00034-00019032-00019837": "Gulwanyang and I are we're working together on Gathang languagerevitalisation and that's the language of", "YjgD2CodNkk-00035-00019867-00020652": "our people the Birrabay as well as Warrimay and Guringay people. I guess to start with our", "YjgD2CodNkk-00036-00020652-00021204": "qualifications to do this work is that we are Birrbay women and we're raised up and supported", "YjgD2CodNkk-00037-00021204-00021854": "by our mothers and our aunties to do this work and having said that I just want to take a momentto give our", "YjgD2CodNkk-00038-00021854-00022702": "respects to [langauge] Auntie Ronda Radley and [language] AuntieMandy Davis who've guided and trusted each of us", "YjgD2CodNkk-00039-00022764-00023237": "on this journey and onto this sort of path of language revitalisation", "YjgD2CodNkk-00040-00023388-00023820": "additionally Gulwanyang has a Masters' of Indigenous Languages Education and", "YjgD2CodNkk-00041-00023849-00024155": "I'm currently a student studying my Masters' of Applied Linguistics.", "YjgD2CodNkk-00042-00024360-00024978": "The Gathang Language footprint I mentioned captures three different people groups allvery", "YjgD2CodNkk-00043-00024978-00025758": "closely connected Birrbay, Warrimay and Gurinagy. Gulwanyang and I identify as Birrbay which is", "YjgD2CodNkk-00044-00025758-00026418": "pretty much Port Macquarie in the north down to Taree in the south. Our main river systems includethe", "YjgD2CodNkk-00045-00026418-00026945": "Wilson, Hastings and Manning rivers. And our neighbouring Mobs are the Dunghutti in the north,", "YjgD2CodNkk-00046-00026975-00027636": "Gomeroi and Anaiwan out to the west and theWorimi Mob to the south where I was born.", "YjgD2CodNkk-00047-00027827-00028398": "G is going to share a bit with you now about our, how Djuyalgu Wakulda works and our", "YjgD2CodNkk-00048-00028398-00028507": "governance structure.", "YjgD2CodNkk-00049-00028709-00029147": "Yeah deadly, thanks [x], so our shared language we believe has been[bubalong]", "YjgD2CodNkk-00050-00029147-00029745": "sleeping as a consequence of the cultural genocide experienced by our peoples through Colonisation.", "YjgD2CodNkk-00051-00029801-00030357": "So it is our collective culture and Sovereign right to learn, speak, share and teach our language.", "YjgD2CodNkk-00052-00030498-00031102": "[Djuyalgu Wakulda] means to speak as one, and it seeks to empower our community through language.", "YjgD2CodNkk-00053-00031135-00031830": "It's a northern Birrbay language working group formed in 2020 or formalised rather in 2020", "YjgD2CodNkk-00054-00031830-00032370": "to grow the Gathang language through a number of language revitalisation strategies in the", "YjgD2CodNkk-00055-00032370-00032898": "geographical areas of the greater Port Macquarie, Wauchope and Laurieton catchments.", "YjgD2CodNkk-00056-00032970-00033486": "The working group consists of members of the Gathang language community with connections to", "YjgD2CodNkk-00057-00033486-00034140": "the northern Birbbay region through language, and who are passionate about revitalising Gathang", "YjgD2CodNkk-00058-00034140-00034776": "with us. So there's an ongoing need in our area for leadership and resource development in the", "YjgD2CodNkk-00059-00034776-00035352": "language revitalisation space and Djuyalgu Wakulda really aims to be one of many", "YjgD2CodNkk-00060-00035352-00036066": "spaces that foster and support, supports this need in the Gathang revitalisation work.", "YjgD2CodNkk-00061-00036192-00036600": "So the group consists of Birbbay, Warrimayand Guringay languageactivists", "YjgD2CodNkk-00062-00036600-00037236": "advocates, teachers and speakers interested in, interested in a strengths", "YjgD2CodNkk-00063-00037236-00037818": "and solutions based approach to progressing Gathang within a northern Birbbay region.", "YjgD2CodNkk-00064-00037818-00038406": "I can't sort of emphasize that enough, that we very much communicate the importance of", "YjgD2CodNkk-00065-00038406-00038873": "having that strength and solution-based approach to progressing, progressing Gathang.", "YjgD2CodNkk-00066-00039110-00039772": "So there are five key principles that underpin the work of Djuyalgu Wakulda and they are: cultural respect,", "YjgD2CodNkk-00067-00039858-00040220": "justice and equity, leadership and accountability,", "YjgD2CodNkk-00068-00040272-00040848": "respectful engagement and having strong partnerships, and being culturally responsive", "YjgD2CodNkk-00069-00040848-00041586": "as well to systems and services within that Greater Northern Birbbay sort of region.", "YjgD2CodNkk-00070-00041790-00042318": "So much of our business is around the receipt of language translation queries and as you", "YjgD2CodNkk-00071-00042318-00043094": "can imagine they're very varied in terms of what we sort of receive on our inbox through Djuyalgu Wakulda.", "YjgD2CodNkk-00072-00043141-00043818": "And when we receive one we come together often to unpack those requests and Jaz is", "YjgD2CodNkk-00073-00043818-00044340": "going to talk a little bit more about how we go about doing that and some of the challenges andsort of", "YjgD2CodNkk-00074-00044340-00044910": "lessons learnt. So we get our translations sort of checked by Muurrbay as well, so we work inreally", "YjgD2CodNkk-00075-00044910-00045402": "close partnership with a Regional Language Center, which is Muurrbay Aboriginal Language", "YjgD2CodNkk-00076-00045402-00046032": "Cooperative and so once we receive that sort of query on our inbox we'll get together we'llsort", "YjgD2CodNkk-00077-00046032-00046512": "of do that unpacking together. We'll put some language to it and put that kind of forward", "YjgD2CodNkk-00078-00046512-00047016": "and decide whether we're even going to respond to that request or not decisions are sort of made", "YjgD2CodNkk-00079-00047016-00047610": "around that. And then we'll get that checked by if it's public language use before it goes out in the community", "YjgD2CodNkk-00080-00047610-00048084": "we do get it checked by Murrbay and then we'll enter that into our word and", "YjgD2CodNkk-00081-00048084-00048564": "phrase bank so we have a bit of like a spreadsheet I suppose for all these requests we pop them in there", "YjgD2CodNkk-00082-00048564-00049062": "so if we do get a similar or same request next time it actually saves us a lot of work.", "YjgD2CodNkk-00083-00049116-00049590": "And we're documenting as we're going as well around sort of what's what's", "YjgD2CodNkk-00084-00049590-00050082": "appropriate so we're not constantly having to do that unpacking within the same context.", "YjgD2CodNkk-00085-00050244-00050776": "So the translation is provided with our Indigenous Cultural Intellectual Property statement", "YjgD2CodNkk-00086-00050776-00051250": "around it as well. So our ICIP is really, really strong and it is wrapped around", "YjgD2CodNkk-00087-00051250-00051678": "what language we do provide and we'll share a little bit more about our ICIP as well.", "YjgD2CodNkk-00088-00051770-00052450": "It's worth mentioning too that we work closely with a Southern Birbbay Gathang language governance group", "YjgD2CodNkk-00089-00052468-00052967": "The [Djaree] Language Group, so they're our deadly brothers and sisters sort of down South", "YjgD2CodNkk-00090-00052967-00053574": "handling translation requests. So often we will get translation requests in for that geographical", "YjgD2CodNkk-00091-00053574-00054294": "area because we're not necessarily as connected to that geographical area the cultural context by", "YjgD2CodNkk-00092-00054294-00054917": "which that language actually has to sit in when it pertains to that area is better coming from that", "YjgD2CodNkk-00093-00054917-00055491": "language governance group down South, just to sort of honour it within that cultural context.", "YjgD2CodNkk-00094-00055531-00056165": "So we work really, really closely with that Southern language group the [Djaree] Language Group Mob", "YjgD2CodNkk-00095-00056187-00057062": "and then we also have a regional language meet-up that involves you know members of [Gumbengir], Anaiwan", "YjgD2CodNkk-00096-00057117-00057879": "Birbbay, Warrimay, Guringay, Dunghutti and we get together and we kind of strategiseand share how we're approaching", "YjgD2CodNkk-00097-00057879-00058481": "our languagerevitalisation activities as well. So we'll have we've only had one of those meetings but we have", "YjgD2CodNkk-00098-00058481-00058955": "another one scheduled in a fortnight where we're all coming in together again and it's", "YjgD2CodNkk-00099-00058955-00059555": "really a space where and it's a really inspiring space where we can kind of share our hopes our", "YjgD2CodNkk-00100-00059585-00059916": "you know some of the challenges that we're experiencing as well in", "YjgD2CodNkk-00101-00059916-00060346": "that language revitalisation space, how we can better support each other.", "YjgD2CodNkk-00102-00060346-00060858": "So I'll chuck over to Jazz now who will take you through some of that cultural unpacking that we do.", "YjgD2CodNkk-00103-00061014-00061986": "Thank you, yeah we, we did want to talk a bit about I guess our understanding of language and", "YjgD2CodNkk-00104-00061986-00062652": "the way that we centre Birbbay perspectives in, in our language reclamation work", "YjgD2CodNkk-00105-00062719-00063403": "is something that's really, really important to us. There's some quotes on this slide so", "YjgD2CodNkk-00106-00063426-00064027": "I'll just contextualise those. Last year the Aboriginal Languages Trust published", "YjgD2CodNkk-00107-00064086-00064572": "their inaugural strategic plan and a report from consultations that they conducted", "YjgD2CodNkk-00108-00064572-00065046": "with Aboriginal language communities and practitioners across New South Wales", "YjgD2CodNkk-00109-00065046-00065537": "so Djuyalgu Wakulda was one of the language practitioner groups", "YjgD2CodNkk-00110-00065537-00065843": "that were consulted as a part of that process", "YjgD2CodNkk-00111-00066014-00066740": "these publications are available on the ALT's website for anyone who wants to read more", "YjgD2CodNkk-00112-00066768-00067422": "but both publications include some really beautiful quotes from people who participated inthe", "YjgD2CodNkk-00113-00067422-00068064": "consultations. And the quotes that I sort of went through those documents and I pulled out", "YjgD2CodNkk-00114-00068118-00068598": "the ones that are on this slide. I pulled these ones out because I thinkthey", "YjgD2CodNkk-00115-00068598-00069168": "all speak to an understanding of language that really resonates with me.", "YjgD2CodNkk-00116-00069288-00070074": "And that understanding is the notion that we're in relationship with language andthat", "YjgD2CodNkk-00117-00070103-00070788": "this relationship we have with language is characterised by connectedness to both", "YjgD2CodNkk-00118-00070788-00071526": "Country and Kin and it's a relationship that informs our ways of being and doing and knowing.", "YjgD2CodNkk-00119-00071658-00072438": "So this understanding of language is, is, it is more than a tool for communicating it's actually", "YjgD2CodNkk-00120-00072438-00073044": "to us it's an entity almost of its own, which Country and Ancestors can communicate", "YjgD2CodNkk-00121-00073044-00073848": "with and through. On the slide there Uncle Ron Foster from down the South Coast at Wallaga Lake", "YjgD2CodNkk-00122-00073938-00074511": "he was quoted as saying \"The Land has heard our Language spoken for thousands of years...", "YjgD2CodNkk-00123-00074511-00075180": "When we speak Language in the bush and call out the names of the animals and plants they react to us\",", "YjgD2CodNkk-00124-00075277-00075583": "and my Aunty Mandy Davis was quoted as well", "YjgD2CodNkk-00125-00075660-00076386": "and she said \"Language is the missing piece, it is connection, identity, who I am as a Birbbay woman", "YjgD2CodNkk-00126-00076437-00077109": "I can't fully have my connection to Culture, Country, Kin and Ancestors without Language\".", "YjgD2CodNkk-00127-00077262-00077490": "Can you jump to the next slide for me sis?", "YjgD2CodNkk-00128-00077754-00078264": "Yes so this understanding of language that was articulated in those quotes and that I'm sort of", "YjgD2CodNkk-00129-00078264-00079276": "trying to get across, I think it suggests that for Mob well I know for myself and for Gulwanyang", "YjgD2CodNkk-00130-00079320-00080105": "that true language reclamation has to involve more than revitalising phonology, grammar", "YjgD2CodNkk-00131-00080105-00080856": "lexicon and syntax. It actually requires a reclaiming of connection through our languages.", "YjgD2CodNkk-00132-00081000-00081530": "And I, I've got a quote there I've been reading Native American linguists LeslieLeonard", "YjgD2CodNkk-00133-00081566-00082122": "and in some of his writing he reminded me that I guess the Western linguistic approach", "YjgD2CodNkk-00134-00082122-00082770": "to Indigenous languages was born out of Colonialism that's, that's the period inwhich", "YjgD2CodNkk-00135-00082770-00083436": "our languages began to be studied I and they were studied as objects and Indigenous", "YjgD2CodNkk-00136-00083436-00084132": "ways of being and knowing weren't valued in, in those studies. So instead our languages were", "YjgD2CodNkk-00137-00084132-00084617": "explained through their structural properties rather than social or cultural practices.", "YjgD2CodNkk-00138-00084726-00085499": "So in my view I guess for example yeah we can build up the number of Gathang speakers", "YjgD2CodNkk-00139-00085499-00086184": "but this isn't helpful if, language it's not helpful to language reclamation, a true language", "YjgD2CodNkk-00140-00086184-00086682": "reclamation I mean, with that connectedness, if those new speakers of Gathang that we'rebuilding up", "YjgD2CodNkk-00141-00086719-00087318": "if they're only learning Western linguistic explanations of Gathang language archive", "YjgD2CodNkk-00142-00087414-00087961": "then it's not, it's not reclaiming our language in its fullness. And I'm not", "YjgD2CodNkk-00143-00087961-00088458": "trying to deny the importance of unpacking and learning the linguistic structures of Gathang[language]", "YjgD2CodNkk-00144-00088523-00088943": "that's definitely something that we do a lot of, but that work", "YjgD2CodNkk-00145-00088988-00089570": "that unpacking it needs to be done throughBirbbay and Warrimay and Guringay perspectives.", "YjgD2CodNkk-00146-00089570-00090258": "Through connection to Country and Kin, so that we can reclaim language in its fullness through", "YjgD2CodNkk-00147-00090258-00090804": "those deeper connections. And I really think like anything, anything other than that kind", "YjgD2CodNkk-00148-00090804-00091308": "of method would probably result in, in a somewhat colonised version of our Ancestral language.", "YjgD2CodNkk-00149-00091476-00092082": "And I love this quote from Leonard he said:\"Radical Indigenism takes as a core assumption", "YjgD2CodNkk-00150-00092082-00092622": "that Indigenous 'philosophies of knowledge are rational, they are articulable and they are", "YjgD2CodNkk-00151-00092622-00093240": "coherent logics for ordering and knowing the world'... Radical Indigenism centers Indigenous perspectives", "YjgD2CodNkk-00152-00093240-00093906": "and critiques the narrowness of what counts as evidence in Western science Radical Indigenism", "YjgD2CodNkk-00153-00093906-00094544": "calls for Indigenous concepts to guide the production and assessment of Indigenous language work.\"", "YjgD2CodNkk-00154-00094596-00095232": "And that's, that's what we're trying to do. Can you jump to the next slide please G?", "YjgD2CodNkk-00155-00096298-00097176": "This is a picture of Dooragan Mountain up nearLaurieton which is part of, important part of", "YjgD2CodNkk-00156-00097176-00097992": "Birbbay Country. So layers and layers of meaning I mean Birbbay ways of being, doing and understanding", "YjgD2CodNkk-00157-00098088-00098634": "those are all founded in our interrelatedness with all things and they're expressed through", "YjgD2CodNkk-00158-00098634-00099354": "ceremony, kinship and then of course through our language [language]. So the framework for our world view it's", "YjgD2CodNkk-00159-00099376-00099888": "to me it's like [language] in our [dili] bag which is held together you know by many", "YjgD2CodNkk-00160-00099888-00100518": "many weaves of [gadal], [gadal's] our word for grass. Each wave is connected to the other through", "YjgD2CodNkk-00161-00100518-00101226": "strings of relatedness, through kinship and story and [butchen] stays really strong that way", "YjgD2CodNkk-00162-00101226-00101808": "through all that interconnectedness. And the intricacies of our strings of relatedness I think", "YjgD2CodNkk-00163-00101808-00102432": "are reflected in our language words, often words will have layered meaning that reflect", "YjgD2CodNkk-00164-00102432-00103056": "the moldable strings woven around the word or the concept and part of the reclamation of language", "YjgD2CodNkk-00165-00103111-00103781": "and decolonising is not just revitalising the word but revitalising all those intricacies", "YjgD2CodNkk-00166-00103781-00104599": "and moving beyond the colonial sort of translation or just the English translation. Djuyalgu Wakulda's exploring layered", "YjgD2CodNkk-00167-00104599-00105282": "meaning in the way we approach our translation and reconstruction work so, I guess I've just pickedout", "YjgD2CodNkk-00168-00105282-00106164": "like four examples of that work to, to talk about today. Can you go to the next slide please G?", "YjgD2CodNkk-00169-00106480-00106644": "mmm, Baara", "YjgD2CodNkk-00170-00106968-00107622": "I think we have all these recordings of language so, so we've got a few audio but", "YjgD2CodNkk-00171-00107622-00108371": "for Gathang most of the data comes from written, written field notes and recordings", "YjgD2CodNkk-00172-00108505-00109104": "So we have to do this work of reinterpreting non-indigenous recordings and translations of our", "YjgD2CodNkk-00173-00109104-00109811": "language that's a big part of our reclamation work for Gathang and just as one example from our", "YjgD2CodNkk-00174-00109811-00110448": "dictionary we had Baara and it was recorded by a number of linguists, written down but it was also", "YjgD2CodNkk-00175-00110448-00110982": "recorded in conversation with Uncle Eddie Lobbin who was a Birbbay Elder from [language] who wehave", "YjgD2CodNkk-00176-00110982-00111540": "a lot of audio recordings of. And I think I noticed that in Uncle Eddie's stories when he", "YjgD2CodNkk-00177-00111540-00112278": "uses the word it usually translates to mean \"down\", but in in the written recordings for Baara", "YjgD2CodNkk-00178-00112344-00112914": "they've translated it as meaning \"East\" and that difference to me sort of highlighted", "YjgD2CodNkk-00179-00112914-00113394": "the gap between a Birbbay understanding and a Western linguistic understanding of Gathang,", "YjgD2CodNkk-00180-00113532-00113958": "I think obviously more research probably needs to be done on the use of the word \"Baara\"", "YjgD2CodNkk-00181-00114048-00114696": "but one thing that stood out to us is how insufficient the word \"East\" is as a translation", "YjgD2CodNkk-00182-00114696-00115320": "of this word. \"East\" is a magnetic direction on a compass but for Birbbay we orientate", "YjgD2CodNkk-00183-00115320-00116009": "ourselves through Country and through story not through the compass. So when we think of \"Baara\"", "YjgD2CodNkk-00184-00116124-00116759": "we might think about the river traveling down from the springs up in the mountains that stand", "YjgD2CodNkk-00185-00116759-00117300": "between us and Gomeroi Country, or we might think of the river flowing down to the ocean", "YjgD2CodNkk-00186-00117300-00118164": "on theoutgoing tide. We might think of traveling to the ocean and all the ocean stories, we might think", "YjgD2CodNkk-00187-00118164-00118782": "about our Three Special mountains over near Crowdy Bay near the ocean and the stories around them", "YjgD2CodNkk-00188-00118842-00119304": "or the direction our Ancestors traveled in different seasons, I mean like we could probably", "YjgD2CodNkk-00189-00119304-00119904": "go on there's a lot, there's a lot of thoughts that \"Baara\" conjures for me, so there's layers", "YjgD2CodNkk-00190-00119904-00120504": "to our understanding of traveling [barago] and we want to work to make sure that we're learning", "YjgD2CodNkk-00191-00120504-00121211": "those layers along with the word itself. And in the photo there is Saltwater Lagoon at Old Bar", "YjgD2CodNkk-00192-00121308-00121938": "which funnily enough has also been recorded as a, as a translation of \"Baara\", a place name.", "YjgD2CodNkk-00193-00122310-00122844": "Engineering words, G mentioned you know we've, we've got a lot of work to do", "YjgD2CodNkk-00194-00122844-00123670": "in that sort of area of our reclamation of Gathang, but where there is a gap inthe", "YjgD2CodNkk-00195-00123670-00124302": "recordings, it's a big part of our work to try and engineer something to fill that gap", "YjgD2CodNkk-00196-00124380-00124842": "and obviously in our view it's essential that any language engineering is done from a", "YjgD2CodNkk-00197-00124842-00125635": "Birbbay, Warrimay and Guringay perspective. The example on this page is \"Marrung-Ngarra\".", "YjgD2CodNkk-00198-00125635-00126480": "So we don't have a word recorded in Gathang for \"respect\", \"Marrung-Ngarra\".is a transitive verb that we've engineered to", "YjgD2CodNkk-00199-00126480-00127109": "represent something similar to \"respect\" but more from our cultural perspective as Birbbay people.", "YjgD2CodNkk-00200-00127211-00128028": "So \"Marrung\" is recorded as an adverb that means \"well\" and \"Ngarra\" is a transitive verb which means to", "YjgD2CodNkk-00201-00128028-00128766": "\"listen\" or to \"know something\" so we, we engineered \"Marrung-Ngarra\" which becomes to \"listen\" or \"know something well\".", "YjgD2CodNkk-00202-00128904-00129461": "And I think \"Marrung-Ngarra\" is a really important part of our kinship structure actually because", "YjgD2CodNkk-00203-00129461-00130164": "it, it operates probably like the glue for that structure, it's seen in the out working of", "YjgD2CodNkk-00204-00130164-00130709": "our kinship obligations and responsibilities to each other and to Country so to properly", "YjgD2CodNkk-00205-00130709-00131358": "to perform our kinship obligations we have to have marrung-ngarra, we have to have deep knowing", "YjgD2CodNkk-00206-00131358-00131886": "and understanding of our kin and what our responsibilities are in those relationships", "YjgD2CodNkk-00207-00131958-00132810": "this requires deep listening as well so marrung-ngarra is articulating something that isn't just you", "YjgD2CodNkk-00208-00132810-00133272": "know an attitude that we slap on for a special occasion when we want to show respect to an", "YjgD2CodNkk-00209-00133272-00133794": "important person or a dignitary or something like this it's actually marrung-ngarra is like a way of", "YjgD2CodNkk-00210-00133794-00134526": "moving through our everyday that acknowledges our interconnectedness and our independent", "YjgD2CodNkk-00211-00134526-00135054": "interdependence with everyone and everything in, in Birbbay community and on Country.", "YjgD2CodNkk-00212-00135522-00135684": "Just on the next slide", "YjgD2CodNkk-00213-00135840-00136602": "it's, this is another example of word engineering I wasn't involved in the engineering of this word", "YjgD2CodNkk-00214-00136776-00137472": "it, it's an example of like what I think is a really culturally grounded language engineering", "YjgD2CodNkk-00215-00137472-00138174": "\"Nguarrabaa\", it was engineered by our language Elders in the very early stages of Gathang language", "YjgD2CodNkk-00216-00138174-00138954": "reclamation work, I think the story I was told is that at the time they needed a word for \"home\"", "YjgD2CodNkk-00217-00139026-00139746": "but it had to be distinguished from your home that is your house, like your ganya to and to mean", "YjgD2CodNkk-00218-00139746-00140280": "your home Country, so they're looking for this a word for home Country and we didn't have something", "YjgD2CodNkk-00219-00140280-00141234": "recorded for this, so they took \"Ngurra\" which is the Gathang noun meaning \"camp\" and \"baa\" is our place tag", "YjgD2CodNkk-00220-00141234-00142290": "meaning \"place of\" or \"time of\" so \"Ngurrabaa\" is \"camp place\" or \"camp time\" and I think there's similar", "YjgD2CodNkk-00221-00142290-00143118": "constructions of this word in the data from Ngyiampa, [language, language] languages, so in those", "YjgD2CodNkk-00222-00143118-00143739": "language I think they've got like \"Ngurrabaa\" is translated as \"birth Country\" or \"family Country\".", "YjgD2CodNkk-00223-00143826-00144690": "So in Gathang we've got \"Ngurrabaa\" and it refers to our \"home Country\" but you've got to havethat", "YjgD2CodNkk-00224-00144690-00145230": "again [delayed] understanding because \"home Country\" includes everything that is Birbbay,", "YjgD2CodNkk-00225-00145230-00146046": "it's Country itself, it's our skyworld, stories it's kin, place, Ancestors, creation beings", "YjgD2CodNkk-00226-00146046-00146824": "story, song, yesterday and tomorrow all at the same time, so \"Ngurrabaa\" is conceptually", "YjgD2CodNkk-00227-00146874-00147594": "quite deep and layered and yeah I think it's just a really good example of how we revitalise", "YjgD2CodNkk-00228-00147594-00148326": "through cultural perspectives. We've got the photo there of Brill Creek at Rollands Plains where", "YjgD2CodNkk-00229-00148326-00148938": "G and I and a lot of our old people camped at that place so that's part of our \"Ngurrabaa\".", "YjgD2CodNkk-00230-00149064-00149514": "And we'll just jump to the next one yeah this was my last example", "YjgD2CodNkk-00231-00149725-00150318": "\"Cultural integrity in language use\", so we have to consider in our language work the", "YjgD2CodNkk-00232-00150318-00151056": "context that Gathang's being used in, so we're thinking more and more about where and how are", "YjgD2CodNkk-00233-00151056-00151680": "our language words being used and whether those uses actually align with Birbbay cultural values.", "YjgD2CodNkk-00234-00151777-00152418": "This was an example of we had, sorry I should have given a cultural warning that there was this", "YjgD2CodNkk-00235-00152418-00153151": "image of this sorry, baby shark, but it's in a jar apologies to anyone who's been a bit shocked", "YjgD2CodNkk-00236-00153288-00153868": "but it's an example where we had this language request come from a science department", "YjgD2CodNkk-00237-00153966-00154722": "and they had sort of like a series of animal fetuses which were being kept in specimen", "YjgD2CodNkk-00238-00154722-00155382": "jars in their science room and they wanted Gathang labels for each of the specimen jars", "YjgD2CodNkk-00239-00155400-00156044": "so we had these language requests come through our normal sort of system and the group Djuyalgu Wakulda", "YjgD2CodNkk-00240-00156060-00156594": "began just straight away giving, offering up, offering like translations of words for these different animals", "YjgD2CodNkk-00241-00156740-00157236": "but then we started to yarn like a bit more deeply on it, and the more the discussionprogressed", "YjgD2CodNkk-00242-00157236-00157848": "a lot of us started to sort of feel that we weren't comfortable with Gathang", "YjgD2CodNkk-00243-00157848-00158598": "being used in this specific context. And I relayed a story to G at the time because when", "YjgD2CodNkk-00244-00158598-00159156": "I grew up we actually had a Grey Nurse Shark fetus in a jar in my home because my stepdadand", "YjgD2CodNkk-00245-00159156-00159780": "my mum they were divers, like dive instructors and I don't know I think my stepdad collected it", "YjgD2CodNkk-00246-00159858-00160404": "but for Birbbay, Guyiwan the Grey Nurse shark is our our 'gimbay' our totem", "YjgD2CodNkk-00247-00160494-00161166": "and the idea like to me of having such an important Ancestor or really any of our animal", "YjgD2CodNkk-00248-00161166-00161838": "kin kind of kept in jars instead of being returned to Country, it just didn't quite align with some ofour", "YjgD2CodNkk-00249-00161838-00162510": "cultural values and in the end with that request in order, we felt like to maintain", "YjgD2CodNkk-00250-00162510-00163212": "cultural Integrity for Gathang we declined the request, in that instance. And you know I think", "YjgD2CodNkk-00251-00163212-00163746": "it was like this ongoing conversation it probably still is about because when you decline something", "YjgD2CodNkk-00252-00163746-00164235": "like that you are losing a learning opportunity of getting language out in the community", "YjgD2CodNkk-00253-00164334-00165132": "but at the same time you had to ask what understanding of Gathang are the kids", "YjgD2CodNkk-00254-00165132-00165726": "learning when it's attached to a specimen jar and is that connection, is that the", "YjgD2CodNkk-00255-00165726-00166080": "connection or promoting the connection that we want them to have through Gathang?", "YjgD2CodNkk-00256-00166170-00166644": "Yeah so this was just another example where I guess cultural perspectives sort of", "YjgD2CodNkk-00257-00166728-00167394": "heavily influenced the way we were translating, and I think that goes to you G on", "YjgD2CodNkk-00258-00167394-00167898": "some of our ICIP stuff with all of that Cultural Intellectual Property wrapped around our language.", "YjgD2CodNkk-00259-00168138-00168810": "Thanks [__] um well done so um the layered meaning and the cultural Integrity of our", "YjgD2CodNkk-00260-00168810-00169332": "language is why our eyes statement is so important it really speaks to you know what", "YjgD2CodNkk-00261-00169332-00169860": "um sister Jazz there is talking about um how do we make sure that the cultural Integrity of the", "YjgD2CodNkk-00262-00169860-00170424": "language that we're providing is maintained um and going to be honored in the cultural", "YjgD2CodNkk-00263-00170424-00170982": "context by which it's being provided as well um so that I said statement is so important in the", "YjgD2CodNkk-00264-00170982-00171570": "agreements we enter into when we provide our language translations so it gives us the power", "YjgD2CodNkk-00265-00171570-00172284": "to protect and reclaim language in a way that maintains that cultural Integrity but it also", "YjgD2CodNkk-00266-00172284-00172956": "enables us to continue sort of decolonizing our understanding of of our words as well", "YjgD2CodNkk-00267-00173076-00173628": "um so we've included some of the sections of that asset statement that particularly addresses this", "YjgD2CodNkk-00268-00173724-00174102": "um and our asset statement really sets the tone and how we want others to be working with us", "YjgD2CodNkk-00269-00174192-00174546": "um that and their approach to power place and space within their projects", "YjgD2CodNkk-00270-00174546-00174786": "as well so I'm going to talk a little bit more about that now", "YjgD2CodNkk-00271-00175542-00176046": "um sorry I'll just stick to the next slide uh so the way I'm going to sort of unpack", "YjgD2CodNkk-00272-00176046-00176616": "this is have a little bit of a yarn um so I was at this language is sort of gathering", "YjgD2CodNkk-00273-00176670-00177144": "um not that long ago and a non-indigenous linguist who really sort of um doesn't always", "YjgD2CodNkk-00274-00177144-00177774": "value indigenous people's voices was presenting their um on the indigenous language that they are", "YjgD2CodNkk-00275-00177774-00178434": "working with and there was no one from that language group there co-presenting wisdom", "YjgD2CodNkk-00276-00178518-00179010": "um nor were they kind of endorsed to be there in the space so it really made me wonder", "YjgD2CodNkk-00277-00179100-00179550": "um you know how long has this person sort of capitalized off having power in that space", "YjgD2CodNkk-00278-00179628-00180006": "um how much Social academic Capital had they been able to benefit from", "YjgD2CodNkk-00279-00180084-00180450": "um among other non-indi non-indigenous linguists So within their field", "YjgD2CodNkk-00280-00180576-00181056": "um from the academy and were they checking in on what was actually happening on the ground", "YjgD2CodNkk-00281-00181170-00181680": "um and how long was this actually happening for so yeah it left a lot of questions", "YjgD2CodNkk-00282-00181764-00182160": "um unanswered for me walking away from that space and I guess when we ask these", "YjgD2CodNkk-00283-00182160-00182712": "questions as indigenous peoples it is often implied that we should just be", "YjgD2CodNkk-00284-00182712-00183198": "grateful that a linguist is interested in working with our endangered language", "YjgD2CodNkk-00285-00183294-00183822": "um that's often you know the vibe I suppose so establishing effective relationships and", "YjgD2CodNkk-00286-00183822-00184362": "Partnerships and being transparent and taking a power conscious and strength space approach", "YjgD2CodNkk-00287-00184362-00184944": "really is key when working effectively with black colors in language revitalization status", "YjgD2CodNkk-00288-00185076-00185640": "um and to be able to do this um it comes back to a reflection of power place and space", "YjgD2CodNkk-00289-00185706-00186372": "so to help guide this reflection I'll use our pin and aspects of country because they are physical", "YjgD2CodNkk-00290-00186372-00187140": "reminders of these Concepts on Country every day so the snake um but I often forgets its", "YjgD2CodNkk-00291-00187140-00187674": "power both real and perceived in both place and space it reminds us of the importance", "YjgD2CodNkk-00292-00187674-00188286": "of thinking on how we tread where we position ourselves um when we're working with others so", "YjgD2CodNkk-00293-00188286-00188910": "power in languages revitalization if you think about it who has it predominantly being held by", "YjgD2CodNkk-00294-00189192-00189642": "um so the question for many linguists working in Aboriginal language revitalization here", "YjgD2CodNkk-00295-00189642-00190206": "should be what real or perceived power do I hold within this space how do I reduce", "YjgD2CodNkk-00296-00190206-00190818": "share or transfer power when navigating this space to empower Empower others", "YjgD2CodNkk-00297-00191058-00191592": "who else needs to be here that anopia whose voice is do we need to hear the most in this what does", "YjgD2CodNkk-00298-00191592-00192054": "the psychologically sort of safe environment look like for all when we're working in those you know", "YjgD2CodNkk-00299-00192054-00192646": "within multi-disciplinary teams um delivering on projects in language revitalization [Music]", "YjgD2CodNkk-00300-00192816-00193356": "so black colors really aren't free from a reflection of power based in space either", "YjgD2CodNkk-00301-00193356-00193812": "um we have a responsibility through our ways of knowing doing and being to reflect all the time", "YjgD2CodNkk-00302-00193812-00194340": "on how we reduce power through collective-based decision-making utilizing flat structures of", "YjgD2CodNkk-00303-00194340-00194832": "governance and really where equity and Justice is centered in the work that we're doing", "YjgD2CodNkk-00304-00194898-00195528": "so I can tell you right now when I'm sitting in a circle with my aunties I know my place when to", "YjgD2CodNkk-00305-00195528-00196146": "speak who would need to be speaking first On Any Given topic you know who's doing that welcome or", "YjgD2CodNkk-00306-00196146-00196746": "that acknowledgment that day so I know I know what the kind of the knowledge hierarchy is sitting at", "YjgD2CodNkk-00307-00196746-00197526": "the table and our place is very much determined by that knowledge acquisition and our social and", "YjgD2CodNkk-00308-00197526-00198078": "kinship structures at the end of the day so the shell reminds us to listen to understand first and", "YjgD2CodNkk-00309-00198078-00198834": "foremost it also reminds us of building on ongoing learning and respect in a spiral way and that's", "YjgD2CodNkk-00310-00198834-00199518": "circling back for good understanding is really really important so we ask ourselves what is my", "YjgD2CodNkk-00311-00199518-00200166": "place how do I contribute and how do I do this in a meaningful way and sometimes as individuals and", "YjgD2CodNkk-00312-00200220-00200778": "um this means sort of taking a step back and acknowledging when we aren't well placed to", "YjgD2CodNkk-00313-00200778-00201486": "lead something but rather better place to serve and support so how can I best Circle back from", "YjgD2CodNkk-00314-00201486-00202062": "my sense of place um far too often people play a role in projects with mob and they take that", "YjgD2CodNkk-00315-00202062-00202656": "they take our knowledge they take our experiences without circling back on how these were used how", "YjgD2CodNkk-00316-00202656-00203064": "they were Incorporated and often the cultural context by which they were given in was lost", "YjgD2CodNkk-00317-00203232-00203748": "um so places very much about accountability and it's really about responsibility as well", "YjgD2CodNkk-00318-00203814-00204378": "so for those that might be you know on our Zoom today that are non-indigenous", "YjgD2CodNkk-00319-00204378-00204821": "linguists if you are working in indigence language revitalization spaces it's worth", "YjgD2CodNkk-00320-00204821-00205254": "asking yourself what is your role and does it come from a place of service or service", "YjgD2CodNkk-00321-00205578-00206130": "um and finally space um so last month I was speaking to a non-indigenous linguist", "YjgD2CodNkk-00322-00206202-00206688": "um who suggested that non-indigenous linguists still need to lead in the space of language", "YjgD2CodNkk-00323-00206688-00207180": "revitalization in Australia because First Nations people really lack the skills", "YjgD2CodNkk-00324-00207264-00207732": "um to be able to do that so I was quick to respond that this was not the case um and", "YjgD2CodNkk-00325-00207732-00208356": "as a proud beautiful in Bengali woman working in languages revitalization I was training in aspects", "YjgD2CodNkk-00326-00208356-00208932": "of Applied Linguistics through my languages education degree um so many universities are", "YjgD2CodNkk-00327-00208932-00209567": "now empowering us to work in Hands-On way with our languages in revitalization contexts and therefore", "YjgD2CodNkk-00328-00209567-00210342": "this idea that we don't have the necessary skills or expertise is now really being viewed by us", "YjgD2CodNkk-00329-00210419-00211032": "um as a reluctance to give up power to those that have never really had it historically so", "YjgD2CodNkk-00330-00211032-00211638": "who else than the oldest living researchers on the planet who else other than those that carry", "YjgD2CodNkk-00331-00211638-00212219": "the memory of these languages literally within our veins in our being and who connect with our", "YjgD2CodNkk-00332-00212219-00212867": "languages every day when navigating our cultural landscapes and when practicing our cultures so", "YjgD2CodNkk-00333-00212867-00213408": "who else should be really um taking the lead on our own languages but us at the end of the day", "YjgD2CodNkk-00334-00213582-00214284": "um so the kangaroo can only ever move forward um the one would it reminds us to keep moving forward", "YjgD2CodNkk-00335-00214284-00214890": "with intention and purpose um and strengths at every Milestone so strength doesn't always", "YjgD2CodNkk-00336-00214890-00215514": "mean for us like you know powerfully but it takes strength to move gently carefully with purpose too", "YjgD2CodNkk-00337-00215514-00216210": "so how we hold and navigate space is Paramount to success when working with us as white colors and", "YjgD2CodNkk-00338-00216210-00216864": "maintaining relationships is far more important um than meeting outputs in fact outputs on any", "YjgD2CodNkk-00339-00216864-00217469": "project are produced far quicker when it's when it's a safe space um for those participating so", "YjgD2CodNkk-00340-00217469-00217967": "how are we setting the scene for the space what is our Collective and shared intentional vision", "YjgD2CodNkk-00341-00217967-00218526": "of this space how to contribute to creating a safe space these are all great questions to be asking", "YjgD2CodNkk-00342-00218526-00219108": "ourselves at least inevitably inevitably comes down to place and my best place to be seeking", "YjgD2CodNkk-00343-00219108-00219690": "on this or doing this and how my occupying this space What language am I using in this space is", "YjgD2CodNkk-00344-00219690-00220440": "it strength space is it Ford Focus whether virtual or physical spaces what matters the most to us", "YjgD2CodNkk-00345-00220566-00221171": "um is that opening and the closing off of say as as well it's really important to think about that", "YjgD2CodNkk-00346-00221273-00221873": "um and how we set this thing and I suppose and how we Circle back and close the circle it's really", "YjgD2CodNkk-00347-00221873-00222588": "important so we're going to close um the circle now and close off our our presentation and I'll", "YjgD2CodNkk-00348-00222588-00223230": "read a quote this is from bada banaya my mum who's a gatung Elder in in the gutang language space", "YjgD2CodNkk-00349-00223230-00223836": "and she says it's now time to heal and express ourselves through our culture and language our", "YjgD2CodNkk-00350-00223836-00224316": "language is a form of communication that goes beyond the spoken word we communicate in so", "YjgD2CodNkk-00351-00224316-00224814": "many different ways expressing ourselves through our art forms dance songs storytelling and music", "YjgD2CodNkk-00352-00224873-00225467": "breaking the language silence we can now merge ancestors speak into our cultural practices", "YjgD2CodNkk-00353-00225467-00226308": "and healing past and future Generations and for those that do know Ronda under Corey um Radley", "YjgD2CodNkk-00354-00226398-00227123": "um she's just completing her PhD at the moment on the use of much our jewelry also hand talk", "YjgD2CodNkk-00355-00227178-00227730": "um when teaching the gutami language um so we hope we set the scene for you on", "YjgD2CodNkk-00356-00227730-00228210": "how we as a language governance group um Judah Walker the speakers one a practicing", "YjgD2CodNkk-00357-00228210-00228617": "language governance sharing and reclaiming our language proper way whilst navigating", "YjgD2CodNkk-00358-00228617-00229386": "the ever increasing Relentless Western Days thank you we might open up for questions now"}}, {"audio_id": "YkBLcCi0EFk", "text": {"YkBLcCi0EFk-00000-00000680-00001114": "TETTEH: It's basically the constancy of the European agenda of opening up", "YkBLcCi0EFk-00001-00001114-00001394": "ACP (Africa, Caribbean, and Pacific) economies", "YkBLcCi0EFk-00002-00001394-00001610": "for the benefit of their own operators, their groups,", "YkBLcCi0EFk-00003-00001610-00002084": "and at the expense of the development of the ACP (Africa, Caribbean, and Pacific) countries.", "YkBLcCi0EFk-00004-00002084-00002400": "It has been there all the time, and it is going to be something that they are aiming", "YkBLcCi0EFk-00005-00002400-00002626": "to do as a Post-Cotonou agenda. That is something", "YkBLcCi0EFk-00006-00002632-00003120": "we have to watch up against, and resist, you know, as vigorously as we can do.", "YkBLcCi0EFk-00007-00003228-00003590": "SHANTAL: Tetteh I agree with you, you know, I think it was a point that you made today", "YkBLcCi0EFk-00008-00003590-00004344": "when we were talking earlier about the consistency in the EU intent.", "YkBLcCi0EFk-00009-00004344-00004749": "I think for us, as you know the Caribbean or the CARIFORUM region, as we call it, has", "YkBLcCi0EFk-00010-00004749-00005282": "a comprehensive agreement-- I think one of the big red flags for us of course is the", "YkBLcCi0EFk-00011-00005282-00005471": "inclusion of the WTO plus issues.", "YkBLcCi0EFk-00012-00005471-00005871": "I mean the services, government procurement, investment.", "YkBLcCi0EFk-00013-00005871-00006631": "I think the big issue there is that you sign an agreement with those issues when you haven't", "YkBLcCi0EFk-00014-00006631-00007102": "settled even from an institutional perspective or philosophical perspective those issues", "YkBLcCi0EFk-00015-00007102-00007222": "within your own region.", "YkBLcCi0EFk-00016-00007222-00007695": "And that is what happened to the Caribbean-- we signed onto these issues when we hadn't", "YkBLcCi0EFk-00017-00007695-00008409": "decided amongst ourselves either the philosophical framework or even from an institutional perspective.", "YkBLcCi0EFk-00018-00008409-00009193": "I think that is something that we need to pay attention to because it's also about,", "YkBLcCi0EFk-00019-00009193-00009657": "you know, what is going to happen for the future in terms of even more progressive liberalization", "YkBLcCi0EFk-00020-00009657-00009757": "for us.", "YkBLcCi0EFk-00021-00009757-00009857": "David, I don't know what you think about that?", "YkBLcCi0EFk-00022-00009857-00009957": "DAVID: Yeah no, I agree with both you.", "YkBLcCi0EFk-00023-00009958-00010662": "You know, Trinidad being in the Calypsonian shadow-- I saw a calypso some years ago called \"Columbus Lied.\"", "YkBLcCi0EFk-00024-00010676-00011012": "Because Columbus came and he \"discovered\" the Caribbean-- of course, he didn't discover", "YkBLcCi0EFk-00025-00011012-00011546": "it because people were living here for so many generations, so many years before Columbus came.", "YkBLcCi0EFk-00026-00011552-00011908": "In a sense we were sold a lie with respect to the EPAs (Economic Partnership Agreements).", "YkBLcCi0EFk-00027-00011924-00012446": "First of all, it was said it was a \"partnership\" agreement when in fact it was a free trade agreement.", "YkBLcCi0EFk-00028-00012476-00012772": "With the WTO plus issues, Shantal you're absolutely correct in that.", "YkBLcCi0EFk-00029-00012772-00013419": "We were also sold a lie by some of our own academics and negotiators who said that free", "YkBLcCi0EFk-00030-00013419-00014110": "trade would lead to an increase in our productive capacity internally and lead to development,", "YkBLcCi0EFk-00031-00014110-00014582": "when in fact the historical experience has been that countries only engage in free trade", "YkBLcCi0EFk-00032-00014582-00015068": "after they have created a strong platform for their own internal markets and economies.", "YkBLcCi0EFk-00033-00015072-00015490": "I certainly think that we dropped the ball with respect to the Caribbean single market", "YkBLcCi0EFk-00034-00015490-00016028": "and economy (CSME), which was where we were building momentum on the CSME and we dropped", "YkBLcCi0EFk-00035-00016028-00016412": "that ball to focus on the EPA.", "YkBLcCi0EFk-00036-00016412-00017160": "And so, fifty years after single-market economy, we are nowhere further ahead.", "YkBLcCi0EFk-00037-00017160-00017460": "And that's a real crime against our development."}}, {"audio_id": "YkVSnWEstpo", "text": {"YkVSnWEstpo-00000-00000064-00000096": "all right", "YkVSnWEstpo-00001-00000552-00000960": "hey guys welcome back to the channel today i am going to be rating benamey's", "YkVSnWEstpo-00002-00000960-00001448": "coming to america outfits so we just wanted to be able to give you guys a bit of background", "YkVSnWEstpo-00003-00001448-00001848": "of where we came from and where we're headed with the channel we always want to keep you", "YkVSnWEstpo-00004-00001848-00002544": "tied in to what our mindset is so bene came from congo in central africa and didn't have", "YkVSnWEstpo-00005-00002544-00003120": "a lot while she was there the goal for us is to one day go back and be able to build a hospital", "YkVSnWEstpo-00006-00003176-00003656": "in the area she grew up in which is a little bit impoverished everything we think about goes in", "YkVSnWEstpo-00007-00003656-00004224": "that direction so today the video we're doing is about how bename when she came to america", "YkVSnWEstpo-00008-00004224-00004632": "and would look for clothes her family would go to goodwill and so they could find these", "YkVSnWEstpo-00009-00004632-00005152": "outfits at goodwill at a really good price and yet they could make them look really nice so", "YkVSnWEstpo-00010-00005152-00005656": "today this week she picked out some outfits at goodwill and she's gonna try them on and i'm", "YkVSnWEstpo-00011-00005656-00006096": "gonna rate them so let's go see what she could find all right honey you ready yeah all right", "YkVSnWEstpo-00012-00006408-00007328": "oh cute that's nice you found that at goodwill huh yeah that's nice no i can't it's can you guys tell", "YkVSnWEstpo-00013-00007328-00007920": "it's casual yeah it's cat it's cute for spring even summer yeah it's a nice color i like that", "YkVSnWEstpo-00014-00007920-00008528": "that turquoise with the navy blue that's nice what would you rate it i would give", "YkVSnWEstpo-00015-00008528-00009096": "it an eight an eight yeah it's nice nice can you guess how much it works uh thirty bucks", "YkVSnWEstpo-00016-00009336-00009736": "eight ninety nine eight ninety nine is anything a good little thirty bucks", "YkVSnWEstpo-00017-00009736-00010352": "i don't know maybe like furniture i don't know if clothes maybe there's no whoops", "YkVSnWEstpo-00018-00010448-00010976": "i think maybe maybe furniture there might be some nicer clothes that probably not 30", "YkVSnWEstpo-00019-00010976-00011656": "bucks not 30 dollars okay i was way off i got to keep my guesses low so yeah i love it it is cute", "YkVSnWEstpo-00020-00011656-00012232": "yeah yeah it's easy too just put it on and yeah not too heavy that's a nice right summer summer", "YkVSnWEstpo-00021-00012232-00012928": "spring spring some flip-flops you're good to go exactly the beach exactly and then i put a cute", "YkVSnWEstpo-00022-00012928-00013472": "oh a hat would look good huh oh look a big one oh yeah like a big white hat floppy hat", "YkVSnWEstpo-00023-00013976-00014656": "some white with that yeah some white bright white brown white what hat flip-flops yeah in a bag", "YkVSnWEstpo-00024-00014904-00015400": "sorry yeah i do do like a cute necklace or something like that because i've dangling", "YkVSnWEstpo-00025-00015400-00015928": "earrings boom some gold yeah yeah so yeah i like it you look good would you have guessed this was", "YkVSnWEstpo-00026-00016032-00016528": "a good goodwill no i wouldn't have i wouldn't have you guys do you guys think it looks good willis", "YkVSnWEstpo-00027-00016720-00017328": "sorry it's been so long guys it's been over two weeks yeah it's good to be back with you oh my god", "YkVSnWEstpo-00028-00017400-00017984": "but yeah i like it too it is cute yeah for sure all right next one wait you", "YkVSnWEstpo-00029-00017984-00018736": "said eight or seven give it an eight yeah eight benjamin's always had a real knack for fashion", "YkVSnWEstpo-00030-00018808-00019344": "and i don't know if that's born out of the fact that they didn't have a ton of money because there", "YkVSnWEstpo-00031-00019344-00019944": "was nine kids growing up and you know that's a lot of mouths to feed and bodies to clothe", "YkVSnWEstpo-00032-00019944-00020432": "so maybe some of that fashion sense she has a natural ability but then she was also", "YkVSnWEstpo-00033-00020432-00021032": "forced to like um just by way of not having all the money to get whatever she wants she", "YkVSnWEstpo-00034-00021032-00021624": "would have to find things that looked good so she's good at that for sure yep i'm ready", "YkVSnWEstpo-00035-00021976-00022880": "oh cute i like it you do yeah that's very nice green and white got the green skirt very clear", "YkVSnWEstpo-00036-00022880-00023776": "very simple that shirt is surprisingly clean forever i don't know a used white shirt yeah they", "YkVSnWEstpo-00037-00023776-00024480": "did a good job man somebody kept it clean i wonder if it was even worn or someone just turned it in", "YkVSnWEstpo-00038-00024480-00025128": "probably probably huh cause there's no way that is really nice honey yeah that's a cute outfit", "YkVSnWEstpo-00039-00025128-00026032": "i like it definitely so right there i'd try to hit on you try yeah i don't have any games no but", "YkVSnWEstpo-00040-00026032-00026504": "i would certainly try i'd do my best that's good you don't have any games because i don't have time", "YkVSnWEstpo-00041-00026656-00027400": "so it worked out perfectly yeah okay celebrate it so hmm i gave that last one an a i think i", "YkVSnWEstpo-00042-00027400-00027976": "like this one better i don't know if better but at least as much it's a different look", "YkVSnWEstpo-00043-00027976-00028416": "right but i really like it it's eight and a half in half yep oh yeah i give it eight and a half", "YkVSnWEstpo-00044-00028416-00028783": "i think you look really cute with short hair i think the outfits look really good with your", "YkVSnWEstpo-00045-00028783-00029239": "short hair thank you yeah it looks good comment down below do you guys like benimay's short hair", "YkVSnWEstpo-00046-00029304-00029776": "or maybe i shouldn't ask okay sorry so like if you were to sell me out in the street", "YkVSnWEstpo-00047-00029872-00030248": "what are you doing in the street though like what walking like what you're doing in the", "YkVSnWEstpo-00048-00030248-00031024": "street walking what people do they walk you better be a lady in the streets i know that wow", "YkVSnWEstpo-00049-00031024-00031976": "okay would you have guessed that this was from goodwill no i would not yeah nope too classy yeah", "YkVSnWEstpo-00050-00031976-00032383": "did you guys go to goodwill when you were yes we went to goodwill", "YkVSnWEstpo-00051-00032712-00032984": "we probably actually did more hand-me-downs than goodwill", "YkVSnWEstpo-00052-00033056-00033640": "so like yeah we would get clothes from other people in the church uh like that", "YkVSnWEstpo-00053-00033640-00034096": "they were sons who were older and so we'd get their stuff and then garage sales is", "YkVSnWEstpo-00054-00034096-00034696": "another one yeah a ton of garage sales i did goodwill was like you're getting so mad", "YkVSnWEstpo-00055-00034936-00035472": "you get some good will in there it's not hand-me-down it's not garage sale it's goodwill", "YkVSnWEstpo-00056-00035792-00036616": "that's coming up in the world oh wow that is interesting so yeah that was cute yeah", "YkVSnWEstpo-00057-00036616-00037240": "this is really good i mean you cannot blame your parents for trying to be thrifty you know no like", "YkVSnWEstpo-00058-00037240-00037848": "who would right like yeah raising kids yeah and the thing is like then i would get hand-me-downs", "YkVSnWEstpo-00059-00037848-00038368": "for my older brother too really and i think maybe the twins would get hand-me-downs from both of us", "YkVSnWEstpo-00060-00038368-00038784": "yeah i can't remember but so like yeah if it was good clothing it was good clothing", "YkVSnWEstpo-00061-00038784-00039456": "well we didn't have family in america right extended family right like aunts uncles cousins", "YkVSnWEstpo-00062-00039456-00040008": "no one's in america so like yeah goodwill was it yeah well a lot of ours came from church members", "YkVSnWEstpo-00063-00040008-00040624": "too but like our church was maybe a little more i don't know smaller everybody knew each other", "YkVSnWEstpo-00064-00040704-00041160": "yeah so maybe there's more of that and plus who i mean who wants to give the african family", "YkVSnWEstpo-00065-00041216-00041856": "leftover clothes who wants to be the one doing that you know what i mean listen like oh here", "YkVSnWEstpo-00066-00041856-00042360": "you poor little app no nobody's trying to do that oh were there any africans at your church", "YkVSnWEstpo-00067-00042360-00042840": "no i'm saying in your church who's trying to at the church you went to who's trying to be like oh", "YkVSnWEstpo-00068-00042840-00043272": "this is black but that's what i'm saying that's why we went to goodwill because we were paired up", "YkVSnWEstpo-00069-00043272-00043824": "looking like yeah and like nobody would know like right you know what i mean right no you", "YkVSnWEstpo-00070-00043824-00044280": "can find decent stuff there yeah for sure and you know nobody else is going to be wearing it", "YkVSnWEstpo-00071-00044720-00045688": "same shirt different skirt oh that's cute i like that some african vibes yes yes what are", "YkVSnWEstpo-00072-00045688-00046512": "vibes so african it has an african feel feel to it yeah yeah for sure i like it yeah period yep", "YkVSnWEstpo-00073-00046512-00047056": "very nice very nice i give it eight and a half as well okay eight and a half yep comment down", "YkVSnWEstpo-00074-00047056-00047936": "below what your rating venomes looks it makes you dance it must be african joy don't be coming for", "YkVSnWEstpo-00075-00047936-00048584": "my life although anything really makes you dance not anything anything happy exactly yeah thank you", "YkVSnWEstpo-00076-00048856-00049352": "dancing for your man i i mean yeah it's cute i like the details", "YkVSnWEstpo-00077-00049352-00050128": "yeah this is like yeah yeah it is cool it drags a little bit i like that oh short flowy", "YkVSnWEstpo-00078-00050128-00050552": "yeah you could wear some heels or something yeah probably wouldn't with that though", "YkVSnWEstpo-00079-00050552-00051200": "you can you can but i you know this is more like a casual relaxed look girl let's go grab some lunch", "YkVSnWEstpo-00080-00051200-00051896": "okay some flip-flops or gladiator sandals those were like a while ago do you know what those are", "YkVSnWEstpo-00081-00051896-00052384": "yeah like they're they go all over all the straps all over them well i watched", "YkVSnWEstpo-00082-00052384-00052920": "gladiators wow okay hey guys benames coming out with the next outfit let me know what you think", "YkVSnWEstpo-00083-00053176-00054272": "okay it's cute it's not my favorite why not i don't know it's cute i mean it's like a cute", "YkVSnWEstpo-00084-00054272-00054624": "little girl yeah yeah kind of like kind of like a little girly", "YkVSnWEstpo-00085-00054688-00055272": "age-appropriate yeah yeah it's still cute but it's definitely like a little girly yeah yeah", "YkVSnWEstpo-00086-00055688-00056232": "when i was little seven seven really i'll take it yeah yeah when i was i was a little", "YkVSnWEstpo-00087-00056232-00056991": "back home i wanted like those flowy dresses so i could spin yeah i wanted it so bad um because", "YkVSnWEstpo-00088-00056991-00057616": "like around when we did celebrate christmas back home or observe it um it would be like", "YkVSnWEstpo-00089-00057616-00058112": "christmas time came everybody got like new clothes usually it's like one or two pair of", "YkVSnWEstpo-00090-00058112-00058640": "outfits okay and the one thing i wanted was like a dress because i just wanted to spin", "YkVSnWEstpo-00091-00058640-00059176": "and do that thing i thought it was just so cute when did you get your first dress it was", "YkVSnWEstpo-00092-00059176-00059784": "definitely when i came to america with my parents but it didn't do that i was pretty disappointed", "YkVSnWEstpo-00093-00059872-00060376": "but another thing i wanted were dolls and they knew i didn't have dolls so they ended up buying", "YkVSnWEstpo-00094-00060376-00060991": "me two like like when you got 500 dolls your parents did yeah good quality porcelain okay two", "YkVSnWEstpo-00095-00060991-00061784": "of them good so yeah this dress reminds me of that like you can see yeah it kind of like spreads out", "YkVSnWEstpo-00096-00062024-00062720": "okay you ready no this one might be a problem oh that's short it's cute", "YkVSnWEstpo-00097-00062720-00063496": "it's cute but it is too short yeah okay yeah so i really like the neck thing that's nice i", "YkVSnWEstpo-00098-00063496-00063912": "did too yeah i like the color come on closer so they can see them oh it's better oh yeah sorry", "YkVSnWEstpo-00099-00063912-00064576": "there you go it's cute yeah i like the um i like the color yeah it is a cute color it looks good", "YkVSnWEstpo-00100-00064576-00065152": "on you a lot a lot of different colors look good on your skin thank you sorry i had to put shorts", "YkVSnWEstpo-00101-00065152-00065768": "she's got shorts on any problems yeah yeah yeah modesty trying yeah so that's i mean", "YkVSnWEstpo-00102-00065768-00066168": "you probably couldn't wear that i mean what if you dropped something you just have to leave it", "YkVSnWEstpo-00103-00066312-00066680": "and i don't like this because it like kind of adds so like a so like give you like an", "YkVSnWEstpo-00104-00066680-00067344": "if rating and an actual rating yeah yeah so the if rating would be above eight i i think yeah", "YkVSnWEstpo-00105-00067344-00068056": "if it fit correctly yeah yeah i think we're going like well we'll go eight for the if okay and as is", "YkVSnWEstpo-00106-00068192-00068824": "five and a half five and a half yeah i'll take it and one to zero i'll take it yeah i like the", "YkVSnWEstpo-00107-00068824-00069264": "color for sure i don't like this because it's a little poof there you could go like a wider", "YkVSnWEstpo-00108-00069264-00069808": "band maybe i don't know or wouldn't that make a difference i don't know but it's like kind of you", "YkVSnWEstpo-00109-00069808-00070208": "ain't got it you don't have to show that off like why you got to make clothes that show that off", "YkVSnWEstpo-00110-00070408-00071080": "you look good thanks i like that goodwill coral hey that was our wedding color and a building", "YkVSnWEstpo-00111-00071080-00071632": "yes that's our wedding color one of them yeah we had coral and aqua is it", "YkVSnWEstpo-00112-00071632-00072168": "no aqua i don't know why i said teal yeah it was close to teal or close to turquoise", "YkVSnWEstpo-00113-00072168-00072984": "or yeah yeah i don't know it was aqua very nice i like it that's a 10. that's a 10 10. oh man", "YkVSnWEstpo-00114-00074040-00074520": "you're welcome so why do you like this one uh i like the color on your skin", "YkVSnWEstpo-00115-00074520-00074840": "yes and i like the way it's made it just looks like it looks nice yeah it's form", "YkVSnWEstpo-00116-00074840-00075416": "fitting i always like bena main form-fitting absolutely you do at least for me to look at", "YkVSnWEstpo-00117-00075592-00075952": "yeah and it gives me a little bit of shape yeah it looks nice you have shape what are", "YkVSnWEstpo-00118-00075952-00076384": "you talking about i'm working on it you look good thank you can you guess how much this one was uh", "YkVSnWEstpo-00119-00076504-00077088": "15 just because it's a prom dress well so like i know goodwill is really cheap so i'm already like", "YkVSnWEstpo-00120-00077088-00077784": "i know i kind of have to keep it below 30. so like 15. it's 8.99 really yeah isn't that crazy guys", "YkVSnWEstpo-00121-00077784-00078232": "you can get this stuff and you could wear that to prom i mean you can't because you you can't go i'm", "YkVSnWEstpo-00122-00078232-00079016": "way too proud but you could wear it like a nice yeah it's more prom yeah yeah yeah yeah well like", "YkVSnWEstpo-00123-00079016-00079496": "thank you like a formal type dress yeah it used to be fun you know what though if i wanted all", "YkVSnWEstpo-00124-00079496-00080496": "right so you like it love it oh sorry you say a 10 yes okay so yeah guys we would have to go to um", "YkVSnWEstpo-00125-00080568-00081200": "goodwill and pick out some outfits and match them with whatever we can like good when you", "YkVSnWEstpo-00126-00081200-00081920": "were younger yeah pair of shoes like saucony reebok nike they had those there no no no go", "YkVSnWEstpo-00127-00081920-00082512": "to like value city oh okay and then we may get like one or two outfits from there okay but then", "YkVSnWEstpo-00128-00082512-00082888": "the rest we would supplement keep them guessing right because they're like well they got name", "YkVSnWEstpo-00129-00082888-00083632": "brand shoes this must be all name brand hey smart we know they they didn't even know no they didn't", "YkVSnWEstpo-00130-00083784-00084184": "and she was voted best dressed in high school yes she was", "YkVSnWEstpo-00131-00084256-00085008": "i was voted best dressed in my class no he was the only person in the class i was homeschooled", "YkVSnWEstpo-00132-00085008-00085584": "there was only one in my class so yes just a little background story", "YkVSnWEstpo-00133-00085688-00086136": "okay trying to get you know open up a little bit to you guys so you can get to know us a little bit", "YkVSnWEstpo-00134-00086136-00086680": "yes but yes know where we came from and where we're headed where we're headed hallelujah", "YkVSnWEstpo-00135-00086680-00087216": "yeah praise the lord the goal is to get back there that's right back to congo back to the", "YkVSnWEstpo-00136-00087216-00087704": "motherland yeah thanks for watching today guys if you enjoyed this my husband rates been a", "YkVSnWEstpo-00137-00087704-00088352": "maids goodwill outfit fresh out the boat coming to america outfits um we really want to go back", "YkVSnWEstpo-00138-00088352-00088792": "to congo and build a hospital so to help us do that if you watch this next video that'll give", "YkVSnWEstpo-00139-00088792-00089408": "us another boost in that direction thank you guys so much for watching keep looking up yeah"}}, {"audio_id": "YlfvyzhBcqg", "text": {"YlfvyzhBcqg-00000-00000011-00000783": "Good morning San Francisco! Hey I have been wanting to do this video for a while but I", "YlfvyzhBcqg-00001-00000783-00001680": "just have to do it right now. So this is a world problem. Attention is a gift, you", "YlfvyzhBcqg-00002-00001680-00002448": "don't have to give it to people that you don't want to give it to. So for", "YlfvyzhBcqg-00003-00002448-00003071": "example I was just on the train and this happens the world over", "YlfvyzhBcqg-00004-00003071-00003621": "lots of mansplaining but hey it's not limited to men absolutely not it's both", "YlfvyzhBcqg-00005-00003621-00004494": "men, women, children, everyone. People are not listening for the cues about the", "YlfvyzhBcqg-00006-00004494-00004977": "other person wanting to hear your story. So this guy wanted to impress me with", "YlfvyzhBcqg-00007-00004977-00005387": "the fact that he's a professional photographer. Oh really? I wasn't", "YlfvyzhBcqg-00008-00005387-00005882": "impressed. Everything he said I had so many more stories. So in the middle of", "YlfvyzhBcqg-00009-00005882-00006239": "his third story which he wanted me to listen to this is just some random dude", "YlfvyzhBcqg-00010-00006239-00006947": "on a bike, I had to talk to the conductor to find something out and I thought you", "YlfvyzhBcqg-00011-00006947-00007631": "know what I don't want to hear all this change the subject it didn't make me", "YlfvyzhBcqg-00012-00007631-00008142": "feel competitive I just didn't want to listen. The first time I heard attention", "YlfvyzhBcqg-00013-00008142-00008877": "is a gift was at my first Vipassana 10-day meditation retreat hardcore in Bodh Gaya", "YlfvyzhBcqg-00014-00008877-00009654": "India, where Buddha was enlightened. I was hoping for the same. Someday. Anyway,", "YlfvyzhBcqg-00015-00009654-00010718": "um so you'd have an hour every day or two to talk to someone that was more", "YlfvyzhBcqg-00016-00010718-00011484": "enlightened than you obviously. And she said she lived in the south of India and", "YlfvyzhBcqg-00017-00011484-00011946": "worked with some guru down there I think she was from England and she said", "YlfvyzhBcqg-00018-00011946-00012440": "attention as a gift. And I've always thought that I didn't understand why", "YlfvyzhBcqg-00019-00012440-00012855": "people would just kind of dump on me expecting me to listen all the time I", "YlfvyzhBcqg-00020-00012855-00013435": "don't do that anymore! I've got things to do. And their long", "YlfvyzhBcqg-00021-00013435-00014019": "drawn-out story that takes 20 minutes to tell in a less than entertaining fashion", "YlfvyzhBcqg-00022-00014019-00014428": "isn't something I'm even interested in so the point I wanted to make about", "YlfvyzhBcqg-00023-00014428-00015135": "attention is a gift, you don't have to give your attention to people that are", "YlfvyzhBcqg-00024-00015135-00015799": "abusing your attention. You know attention and listening is harder than", "YlfvyzhBcqg-00025-00015799-00016639": "talking so I always remember that because listening requires more of your", "YlfvyzhBcqg-00026-00016639-00017182": "intelligence and emotion than talking. So if you ever don't want to listen to", "YlfvyzhBcqg-00027-00017182-00017725": "someone, listen to that. And then just make it a point to either walk away or", "YlfvyzhBcqg-00028-00017725-00018432": "end it. So have a gorgeous day and I'll see in the next video."}}, {"audio_id": "YlxQleqBOik", "text": {"YlxQleqBOik-00000-00000008-00000568": "Hello everyone, My name is Matan, and I am working on a game called Salt and Death.", "YlxQleqBOik-00001-00000568-00001000": "Salt and death is a sort of a combination between auto-chess and Monster collection games", "YlxQleqBOik-00002-00001000-00001460": "although currently the monsters are all humans.", "YlxQleqBOik-00003-00001461-00001832": "in this game you would battle NPCs as part of a story", "YlxQleqBOik-00004-00001832-00002073": "and encounter Minions in the wild.", "YlxQleqBOik-00005-00002073-00002525": "the main way you would collect more minions into your party is by defeating wild minions", "YlxQleqBOik-00006-00002525-00002958": "which will later ask to join your party, sometimes at the cost of an item", "YlxQleqBOik-00007-00002958-00003206": "or worse- another minion.", "YlxQleqBOik-00008-00003370-00003792": "the game already includes most of the basic systems I had planned,", "YlxQleqBOik-00009-00003792-00003872": "such as items", "YlxQleqBOik-00010-00003872-00004346": "with the ability to merge two basic items into a single, more powerful item.", "YlxQleqBOik-00011-00004346-00004834": "The assignment of items to minions and strategically placing minions.", "YlxQleqBOik-00012-00004834-00005442": "there is also a star system where every 3 minions of the same type & star amount", "YlxQleqBOik-00013-00005442-00005939": "will be merged into a more powerful version with an extra star.", "YlxQleqBOik-00014-00005939-00006376": "like many auto-chess and monster collection games, each minion in this game will have", "YlxQleqBOik-00015-00006376-00006602": "their own unique ability that they could cast, and by", "YlxQleqBOik-00016-00006602-00007152": "using the help of items you could make unique builds that utilize these abilities.", "YlxQleqBOik-00017-00007152-00007726": "I have made the battle system very robust so that every cool ability idea could be implemented", "YlxQleqBOik-00018-00007726-00008284": "fairly fast, So you could expect the final game to be filled with all sorts of minions", "YlxQleqBOik-00019-00008284-00008827": "and items - which means a lot of different builds and crazy ideas you can come up with.", "YlxQleqBOik-00020-00008827-00009313": "The game is still under heavy development and requires a lot of assets and ideas, so", "YlxQleqBOik-00021-00009314-00009578": "expect a lot of the things you saw here to change.", "YlxQleqBOik-00022-00009578-00009802": "and that's it!", "YlxQleqBOik-00023-00009802-00010178": "thanks for watching this video, if you have any type of feedback I would love", "YlxQleqBOik-00024-00010178-00010468": "to hear it!, you can comment it down below", "YlxQleqBOik-00025-00010468-00011106": "or join the discord server where you could receive updates and share your feedback.", "YlxQleqBOik-00026-00011106-00011504": "♥♥♥Thanks for listening♥♥♥"}}, {"audio_id": "Yle1WaK-KXE", "text": {"Yle1WaK-KXE-00000-00000479-00000946": "Headroom what does it really mean? Hi Taylor here a Financial Potion where", "Yle1WaK-KXE-00001-00000946-00001330": "video is your Financial Potion. To never miss out on a video please make sure to", "Yle1WaK-KXE-00002-00001330-00001692": "subscribe to our channel and click on the bell to get notified when a new", "Yle1WaK-KXE-00003-00001692-00002094": "video is uploaded. Of course if you're looking for one-to-one training please", "Yle1WaK-KXE-00004-00002094-00002475": "click above and connect with us on our patreon page. When people are first", "Yle1WaK-KXE-00005-00002475-00002781": "starting to do video on their own I always tell them to make sure they have", "Yle1WaK-KXE-00006-00002781-00003256": "enough headroom however not too much. What this means is you want to have", "Yle1WaK-KXE-00007-00003256-00003667": "enough space at the top of frame where you can move your head around and it's", "Yle1WaK-KXE-00008-00003667-00004117": "not going to get chopped off typically think about adding a few inches on the", "Yle1WaK-KXE-00009-00004117-00004567": "top. Too much headroom on the other hand would be where there's a third or more", "Yle1WaK-KXE-00010-00004567-00005002": "space left above your head this is wasted space and does not look", "Yle1WaK-KXE-00011-00005002-00005431": "good if you're doing a basic talking head video. I hope this helps you better", "Yle1WaK-KXE-00012-00005431-00005947": "understand what headroom is and how it applies to your video composition when", "Yle1WaK-KXE-00013-00005947-00006343": "you're setting up a shot for a talking head video. If you have any questions", "Yle1WaK-KXE-00014-00006343-00007085": "please leave them in the comments below and until next week stay engaging."}}, {"audio_id": "YlQ8Kswd0Fu", "text": {"YlQ8Kswd0Fu-00000-00000000-00000200": "A Plague Tale: Requiem | Walkthrough | Chapter #1"}}, {"audio_id": "YlYlIhuPFdI", "text": {"YlYlIhuPFdI-00000-00000000-00002346": "Rasam Powder", "YlYlIhuPFdI-00001-00002346-00007812": "Coriander Seeds 1 Cup, Pepper 1/2 Cup, Jeera 1/2 Cup, Toor Dal 1/2 Cup, Channa Dal 1/2 Cup, Curry Leaves 2 sprigs, Dried Chillies 7-8, Hing 5 Pieces", "YlYlIhuPFdI-00002-00007812-00008820": "Dry Roast each ingredient separately, Cool down and Grind into a powder", "YlYlIhuPFdI-00003-00008820-00017678": "Dry Roast Coriander seeds, Curry leaves and Hing until you get a nice aroma", "YlYlIhuPFdI-00004-00017686-00019528": "Dry roast Chillies", "YlYlIhuPFdI-00005-00019528-00022728": "Dry roast Pepper", "YlYlIhuPFdI-00006-00022728-00025134": "Dry roast Jeera.", "YlYlIhuPFdI-00007-00025134-00030010": "Dry roast Channa Dal and Toor Dal until it changes colour", "YlYlIhuPFdI-00008-00030010-00031136": "Let this cool down and grind into a powder", "YlYlIhuPFdI-00009-00031136-00031850": "Now transfer the Rasam powder to a plate and cool down completely. Now store this in an air tight container", "YlYlIhuPFdI-00010-00031850-00033492": "So Rasam Powder is ready and try this recipe and enjoy awesome Rasam. Watch other Recipes. Post your comments and subscribe for more recipes. Click the Bell Icon to receive New video Notification. Thank you"}}, {"audio_id": "Ym6B2Tm-2LY", "text": {"Ym6B2Tm-2LY-00000-00000048-00001592": "god", "Ym6B2Tm-2LY-00001-00002064-00002368": "focus on"}}, {"audio_id": "Ymlz5H-oj3g", "text": {"Ymlz5H-oj3g-00000-00000000-00000883": ">> ETHAN: Thanks, everybody. Welcome. Thank you all for coming out to", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00001-00000883-00001621": "today's Media Lab talks. Our event today is called Undocumented", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00002-00001621-00001959": "Students: Equal Access to Higher Education and Freedom University", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00003-00001959-00002666": "Georgia. We are incredibly lucky to have a great group of people here.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00004-00002666-00003044": "My name is Ethan Zuckerman. I teach here at the MIT media lab, and", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00005-00003044-00003444": "I'll tell you a little bit more about the event in a moment. But I want to", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00006-00003444-00003742": "go down the line and introduce you to some of the friends that we're", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00007-00003742-00004111": "really happy to have here. Right next to me is Bethany Moreton. She's", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00008-00004111-00004530": "one of the Freedom University founders. She's also a professor of", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00009-00004530-00005147": "history at Dartmouth. We've got Betina Kaplan, also a Freedom", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00010-00005147-00005374": "University founder and associate professor of Spanish at the University", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00011-00005374-00005977": "of Georgia. Going further down, we have Keish Kim. She's a PhD", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00012-00005977-00006334": "student at Harvard. She works with PUSH, which is Protect", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00013-00006334-00006773": "Undocumented Students at Harvard. Going further down, we have", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00014-00006773-00007242": "Gustavo Madrigal. He is one of the founding students of Freedom", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00015-00007242-00007648": "University Georgia, and he is an immigration paralegal and also an", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00016-00007648-00008213": "immigration activist. And then our end, we've got Pamela Voekel, who's", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00017-00008213-00008563": "a Freedom University founder, associate professor of history at", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00018-00008563-00008961": "Dartmouth. Did I roughly get everyone’s names and affiliations? OK.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00019-00008961-00009412": "Awesome! That’s the main thing I have to accomplish here. But I also", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00020-00009412-00009783": "have to tell you ground rules of what’s going on here. We have an event", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00021-00009783-00010149": "that is here, live in this space, but it's also being recorded. It's also", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00022-00010149-00010604": "being streamed live out on the web. People who are watching it are", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00023-00010604-00011142": "going to be tweeting at #mltalks. If you see me playing on my phone, it", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00024-00011142-00011470": "is not that you are not interesting. It is that I am trying to figure out", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00025-00011470-00011762": "what people are saying on the web and bringing them into the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00026-00011762-00012277": "conversation as well. That's part of my job as well. This is the first of", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00027-00012277-00012809": "two events. We have the live event here. We're all going to have a", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00028-00012809-00013213": "smaller event, which is entirely off the record and that is going to be in", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00029-00013213-00013725": "the civic media space that immediately follows after this. And so, that's", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00030-00013725-00014209": "an opportunity for people who aren't comfortable being on-stage, or", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00031-00014209-00014575": "may have questions or things that they want to talk about that they", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00032-00014575-00014976": "don't want broadcast out to the rest of the world. And we have a space", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00033-00014976-00015491": "for that as well. But our conversation here is really about three", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00034-00015491-00016225": "subjects. It starts with the disobedience prize, which you saw launched", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00035-00016225-00016785": "here at the media this past summer. That was an attempt to show", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00036-00016785-00017430": "some of the exciting things there are happening around pro-social", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00037-00017430-00018060": "disobedience. We ended up honoring four winners of that award. One", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00038-00018060-00018546": "of those four winner was Freedom University Georgia. We have five of", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00039-00018546-00018908": "the founders who were involved with that on-stage with me today. And", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00040-00018908-00019296": "this is going to be an opportunity for us to talk about what Freedom", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00041-00019296-00019884": "University Georgia has been trying to accomplish, but really around this", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00042-00019884-00020258": "larger question of undocumented students, access to education, and", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00043-00020258-00020751": "transforming the educational system so that more people have access", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00044-00020751-00020979": "to higher education at places like the University of Georgia and also", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00045-00020979-00021571": "places like MIT, and we're going to end up talking a little bit about what", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00046-00021571-00022095": "MIT has been doing around these issues for good or for ill, as well. So,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00047-00022095-00022617": "before we jump in and start by putting some of students and some of", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00048-00022617-00022975": "the professors on the spot, I'm wondering if we can go to this video, and", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00049-00022975-00023437": "this is a trailer for a documentary that has been documenting what's", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00050-00023437-00023751": "been going on with Freedom University Georgia. So, if we can go to that,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00051-00023751-00024131": "that would be great.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00052-00024131-00024310": ">> Why is this backwards?", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00053-00024310-00024739": ">> Hello, Nathan -- we are on the plane. We're about to take off.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00054-00024739-00025662": "[Music.]", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00055-00025662-00025877": ">> Ask for her phone number.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00056-00025877-00026045": ">> No. You didn't ask me. You friend asked me.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00057-00026045-00026225": ">> I actually said my friend?", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00058-00026225-00026361": ">> Yeah. That was childish.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00059-00026361-00026616": ">> So, we were like, \"Nah.\"", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00060-00026616-00026732": "[Woman laughing.]", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00061-00026732-00026958": "[Music.]", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00062-00026958-00027137": ">> My dream is to be an astronaut, but.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00063-00027137-00027360": ">> He's stuck with a third-grade dream.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00064-00027360-00027675": ">> No, I'm not. All right. OK.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00065-00027675-00028700": "[Music.]", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00066-00028700-00029185": ">> I got an education. I graduated. I've been really lucky.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00067-00029185-00029626": "So, there's never really been any obstacles, and so now then,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00068-00029626-00029817": "I want to go to college.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00069-00029817-00030376": "[Music.]", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00070-00030376-00030629": ">> I'm a very smart student. I can mess around a lot, but I'm very smart,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00071-00030629-00031245": "but yet I'm here working, wasting my life.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00072-00031245-00031727": "[Music.]", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00073-00031727-00032089": ">> My grandmother will always tell me to be careful enough.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00074-00032089-00032406": "If someone was to ask me, \"Are you illegal?\" to say that I was a", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00075-00032406-00032826": "citizen, that I was born here.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00076-00032826-00033008": "[Sirens.]", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00077-00033008-00033278": ">> My mom got stopped. The cop pulled us over and", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00078-00033278-00033864": "found that she didn't have a license, and he said that he had to take her in.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00079-00033864-00034141": ">> Like, what's the point? I'm going to make it here.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00080-00034141-00034359": "They don't want me here.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00081-00034359-00034741": ">> We are involved on a war on terror, and after all, these are undocumented.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00082-00034741-00035279": "That's the point, really. We don't know who a lot of these people are.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00083-00035279-00035713": ">> There are people purposely out to make your day miserable,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00084-00035713-00036321": "make your life less.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00085-00036321-00036817": ">> We're number one. We're number one. We're number one.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00086-00036817-00037357": ">> Let me tell you, when I received DACA, I took a risk, not only for me, but for my family.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00087-00037357-00037947": ">> They knew my address, so to say that they don't know who we are, it's a lie.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00088-00037947-00038358": ">> One, two, three. Undocumented!", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00089-00038358-00038669": ">> I'm not leaving until they come and get me.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00090-00038669-00039133": ">> I'm a Georgia boy. All I've ever known is Georgia. I don't really want to leave.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00091-00039133-00039928": "[Chanting.]", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00092-00039928-00040221": ">> People united. We'll never be defeated.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00093-00040221-00040571": ">> I'm not scared. Like, I'm just not. Now, we just fight harder,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00094-00040571-00040901": "and we fight smarter, and we fight as one.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00095-00040901-00042335": "[Music.]", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00096-00042335-00042680": ">> ETHAN: So, we're having this conversation here at MIT", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00097-00042680-00043120": "at a very interesting and very fraught moment in time.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00098-00043120-00043552": "We have a group of people in the United States who have", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00099-00043552-00043978": "grown up in this country, have gone to school in this country,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00100-00043978-00044540": "who, in many cases, don't know their citizenship status until", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00101-00044540-00044909": "they're in the process of applying to college, or sometimes in the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00102-00044909-00045423": "process of looking for financial aid. We had limited protection for", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00103-00045423-00046021": "undocumented people in this country under DACA. Through some", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00104-00046021-00046681": "political machinations, we are now in a state where DACA is no longer", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00105-00046681-00047054": "on the books. It's suspended, and there are now negotiations", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00106-00047054-00047588": "happening between the president and Congress over the future of", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00107-00047588-00048179": "undocumented people we've arrived in this country, as children, who", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00108-00048179-00048482": "through no personal decision of their own, find themselves in a", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00109-00048482-00048994": "situation where they're undocumented. And, as educator this country,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00110-00048994-00049382": "this is an enormous sort of moral and practical challenge. How do we", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00111-00049382-00049855": "provide the education to students who want the chance to learn but", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00112-00049855-00050720": "who don't have the paperwork, don't have the rights in some states to", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00113-00050720-00051299": "go and attend those state universities? And, so, my friends who's been", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00114-00051299-00051673": "involved with Freedom University Georgia have been very insistent that", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00115-00051673-00052176": "we center this conversation on the experience of students who found", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00116-00052176-00052885": "themselves, like the students in the video, looking at the situations, sort", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00117-00052885-00053345": "of deciding how do you go further? And so, Gustavo Madrigal, I'm", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00118-00053345-00053945": "hoping that you might help us and sort of talk about your experience as a", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00119-00053945-00054451": "student and how that ended up sort of informing Freedom University Georgia.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00120-00054451-00054976": ">> GUSTAVO: Yeah, so thank you so much. And I guess I", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00121-00054976-00055471": "really have to start at the end of my junior year and going to my senior", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00122-00055471-00056089": "year. So, at the end of my junior year, I thought that I was going to go to", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00123-00056089-00056604": "college with my friends and that I was going to use the Hope Scholarship,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00124-00056604-00057049": "which is a state scholarship in Georgia to be able to pay tuition.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00125-00057049-00057502": "Then, I found out through talks with my counselor that I was not", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00126-00057502-00058166": "going to be eligible for the Hope Scholarship, and that I think, I", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00127-00058166-00058642": "remember just sort of being in the room with her and then she stopped", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00128-00058642-00059303": "beating around the bush and just straight up asked me, \"Are you illegal?\"", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00129-00059303-00059799": "and I said, \"Yes,\" and I didn't know exactly what that meant, right, at the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00130-00059799-00060322": "time. I knew that I wasn't documented in some way, but I really didn't", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00131-00060322-00060866": "know what the extent of that was until I found out that I wasn't going to", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00132-00060866-00061376": "be able to go to college, just like I had planned with my friends. And,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00133-00061376-00061751": "you know, at the end of my junior year, I had a 3.9 GPA which went down", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00134-00061751-00062072": "to a 3.3 by the end of my senior year because my senior year, I didn't", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00135-00062072-00062804": "really care anymore. I saw no point of, you know, keeping the work that", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00136-00062804-00063441": "I had been doing going. And so, I sort of just stopped. Then, I", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00137-00063441-00064034": "graduated and then, in September of 2009, I had a very, very bad car", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00138-00064034-00064725": "accident. And when I came back I thought, \"OK. Is this really what life", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00139-00064725-00065182": "is going to be now? Is this really who I want to be? Do I want to give up", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00140-00065182-00065607": "on trying to go to college?\" And back then, I didn't know. Right? I didn't", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00141-00065607-00066088": "know that just like me, there were hundreds of thousands. There were", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00142-00066088-00066554": "millions of people in the same situation, and it wasn't until after that car", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00143-00066554-00067062": "accident, when I was recovering, I was stuck at home, I didn't know", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00144-00067062-00067387": "what to do. I couldn't work, which was the main thing keeping me going", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00145-00067387-00068013": "then, and so I did a search for illegal students on Google, and the first", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00146-00068013-00068494": "thing that came up was an article on the Dream Act and then a small", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00147-00068494-00069082": "portal on the web that was a meeting place for undocumented youth", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00148-00069082-00069592": "from all over the country. And that's sort of when I started getting", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00149-00069592-00070220": "involved with the activism that was happening in Atlanta and back then,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00150-00070220-00070624": "the group was called The Georgia Dreamers, and I started getting", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00151-00070624-00070841": "involved with them because what they were doing is they were trying to", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00152-00070841-00071352": "mobilize as many people for the Dream Act as possible. And then in", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00153-00071352-00071804": "late 2010, we actually were able to push the Dream Act up for a vote,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00154-00071804-00072385": "and we got a vote, and then it failed. It passed the House, but it didn't", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00155-00072385-00072818": "pass the Senate. And that was, I think of lot of us credit it to five", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00156-00072818-00073580": "Democrats who decided to vote against it and killed it by voting against it.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00157-00073580-00074289": "And so, I remember then, there was this anxiety within the youth", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00158-00074289-00074974": "were a part of the Georgia Dreamers. And that anxiety was, \"Can we do", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00159-00074974-00075452": "what we think is the most important work without having any", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00160-00075452-00075995": "limitations placed upon that work from, you know, an organization that", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00161-00075995-00076479": "we're a part of them?\" And we decided that yes, we could do that, but", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00162-00076479-00076832": "that it would require having a different group. It would require having a", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00163-00076832-00077160": "different structure. And it would require having accountability to each", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00164-00077160-00077983": "other. And then, so after 2011, the Dream Act, you know, in 2011, we", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00165-00077983-00078459": "decided that the fight was no longer at the federal level, so it wasn't", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00166-00078459-00078785": "anymore about trying to push the Dream Act at the federal level", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00167-00078785-00079165": "because we were fighting against many things, but, specifically, in", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00168-00079165-00079875": "Georgia, we were fighting against HB 87, and that is like the SB 1070", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00169-00079875-00080428": "copycat law that passed in Georgia, and those laws are still in the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00170-00080428-00080894": "courts, so at any point, you know, within the next few years, we could", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00171-00080894-00081404": "see a decision that says HB 87, SB 1070, these are all legals. Right?", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00172-00081404-00082039": "So, these horrible, horrible laws might actually be enforced, and so we", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00173-00082039-00082648": "were also fighting secure communities and HB 87, which were these", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00174-00082648-00083074": "programs where local law enforcement cooperates with immigration", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00175-00083074-00083470": "customs enforcement to try to streamline that process of deportation", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00176-00083470-00084091": "for as many people as possible, who end up being booked into local police stations.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00177-00084091-00084368": ">> ETHAN: And HB 87 was a law that could essentially require", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00178-00084370-00084654": "all local law enforcement to essentially act as immigration", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00179-00084654-00085406": "officials and demand to see people's papers. So, obviously, incredibly", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00180-00085406-00085675": "threatening to any undocumented population. When these laws came", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00181-00085675-00086013": "around, were you at school at this point? What had happened to you", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00182-00086013-00086412": "after high school? You got involved with Dream activism. Where had", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00183-00086412-00086882": "you wanted to go to college? Were you planning on going to the University of Georgia?", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00184-00086882-00087351": ">> GUSTAVO: Not the University of Georgia. I was planning to go to Kennesaw State University,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00185-00087351-00087742": "and I actually was no longer in school when I started getting involved.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00186-00087742-00088231": "I graduated high school in 2009, and 2009 is when I had my accident,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00187-00088231-00088565": "and sort of that's where it all began.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00188-00088565-00088991": "But while I was fighting these laws, while we were fighting these", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00189-00088993-00089398": "laws, I was no longer in school, and so, that definitely was", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00190-00089398-00089878": "a protection that you lose once you graduate high school. Right?", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00191-00089878-00090324": "You're no longer a student. You're just another adult who's", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00192-00090324-00090700": "undocumented, and who's vulnerable.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00193-00090700-00090943": ">> ETHAN: And what are the laws in Georgia as far as attending a", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00194-00090943-00091244": "state university as an undocumented student?", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00195-00091244-00091886": ">> GUSTAVO: Well, so, as we were fighting HB 87,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00196-00091886-00092416": "as we were fighting s-com, secure communities, and what is the other one?", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00197-00092416-00093197": "287G. Yeah. The ban came. There's too many things. But,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00198-00093197-00093640": "yeah, then the ban came down, which said that undocumented students", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00199-00093640-00094000": "could not attend the top-five research universities in the State of Georgia,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00200-00094002-00094392": "and it also included language that said that any college, any", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00201-00094392-00094891": "public school in the State of Georgia that had rejected a qualified", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00202-00094891-00095382": "applicant, and for the purposes of this ban, qualified meant someone", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00203-00095382-00095950": "with lawful status or a US citizen, that any institution that had rejected a", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00204-00095950-00096573": "qualified applicant in the last two years could no longer accept", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00205-00096573-00097014": "undocumented students. Now, undocumented students not only", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00206-00097014-00097619": "couldn't really go to these top-five universities, but also the ban was", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00207-00097619-00098186": "created so that it could spread out, right? And, you know, we couldn't", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00208-00098186-00098666": "pay in-state tuition. We couldn't pay out-of-state tuition. We had to pay", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00209-00098666-00099269": "international rates, which are four times higher than in-state tuition.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00210-00099269-00099770": "And so that's sort of where, you know, the fight turned away from, well", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00211-00099770-00100235": "not away because we were still trying to fight secure communities,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00212-00100235-00101004": "287G, HB 87, but then it opened up another front, which was the educational front.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00213-00101004-00101395": ">> ETHAN: So, here's a law in Georgia that is significantly more", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00214-00101395-00101839": "restrictive than a lot of states. A lot of states have essentially said,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00215-00101839-00102261": "\"For undocumented students, we can't give you in-state tuition, but you can pay", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00216-00102263-00102694": "out-of-state tuition.\" In Georgia, you've gone even further and essentially said,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00217-00102694-00103017": "\"If you can get in, you'll be paying the international tuition,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00218-00103017-00103432": "a much higher rate, but beyond that, you're not", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00219-00103432-00103688": "admitted to the top-five research universities in the state, and for the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00220-00103688-00104308": "rest of the universities in the state, if they have rejected anyone in the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00221-00104308-00104650": "last two years, you are not allowed admission, because you might be", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00222-00104650-00105152": "taking that slot from an otherwise rejected student.\" What did you", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00223-00105152-00105603": "yourself find yourself doing at this point? You're already at this point an", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00224-00105603-00106056": "activist. You're already working against HB 87 and then these other", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00225-00106056-00106515": "laws that are on the books. But I know the end of the story. You're a", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00226-00106515-00106971": "paralegal. You're an immigration advocate. Did you get to go to college?", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00227-00106971-00107382": "How did this end up happening?", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00228-00107382-00107722": ">> GUSTAVO: Yeah, so, I did end up going to college.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00229-00107722-00108284": "So, what we were fighting these things, the idea for", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00230-00108284-00108818": "Freedom University was born, I think within the professors who", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00231-00108818-00109476": "are here, and Keish and, you know, a bigger group of people, and at that", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00232-00109476-00110055": "time, the group that we had decided to create so we could be", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00233-00110055-00110497": "accountable to ourselves and not to some higher power, right, that", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00234-00110497-00110770": "could dictate. What we did was called the Georgia Undocumented", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00235-00110770-00111477": "Youth Alliance or GUYA, and then, I mean I think then that's sort of when", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00236-00111477-00111947": "the professors and the groups linked up, right, and the idea for Freedom", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00237-00111947-00112493": "University become a reality. And, for me, at least, it was going through", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00238-00112493-00112926": "Freedom University and learning about these resources and learning", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00239-00112926-00113300": "about the fact that, you know, while I was no longer in school, I had", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00240-00113300-00113863": "been out of school for years, and I had so lost hope, right, that I could", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00241-00113863-00114413": "continue, that I could try to do this, that having this team of people", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00242-00114413-00114855": "behind me and working with me would help me and, eventually, I ended", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00243-00114855-00115344": "up getting a full ride to Hampshire College in Western Massachusetts,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00244-00115344-00116058": "and that's how I was about to go to college. If it wasn't for the people", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00245-00116058-00116759": "here in Georgia who couldn't be here, I remember one, it was 4 AM in", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00246-00116759-00117296": "November of 2011. She called me up, and I was still half-asleep, and", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00247-00117296-00117883": "she asked me, \"Have you applied to any places?\" And I said, \"I haven't.\"", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00248-00117883-00118368": "And she just, she went off on me, and she was like, \"No. No. No. I", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00249-00118368-00118626": "need you to get up. I need to to start applying. I need you to start", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00250-00118626-00118971": "writing the essays. And, you know, at 5, I want you to send me essay", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00251-00118971-00119268": "that you wrote so that we can edit them and then you can continue", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00252-00119268-00119874": "writing them.\" And so, that kind of push, right. I mean, that's the kind", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00253-00119874-00120440": "of push that we also needed because we were so focused on all these", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00254-00120440-00120827": "things that we had to push back against that we forgot to push", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00255-00120827-00121368": "ourselves towards the goal that we wanted to attain that I think at that", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00256-00121368-00121983": "point became this abstract idea of if we can manage to get to a good", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00257-00121983-00122921": "point here, I might be able to go to school, but now, it's more for the people who are on their way.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00258-00122921-00123152": ">> ETHAN: So you saw yourself needing to win the movement first", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00259-00123152-00123592": "and then have that opportunity, and actually one of the things that", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00260-00123592-00124067": "Freedom University helped you do was sort of go from not being able to", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00261-00124067-00124480": "going to one of the most selective liberal arts colleges in the nation,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00262-00124480-00124886": "now finding yourself sort of committed in the longer term here.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00263-00124886-00125401": "Keish, can you talk about your story, about sort of how you got involved with this as well?", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00264-00125401-00125737": "And then, I want to talk to the professors about how they", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00265-00125740-00126092": "ended up sort of meeting the other side of this equation.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00266-00126092-00126760": ">> KEISH: Right. No. I think Gustavo did an amazing job laying out sort of the all the outside", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00267-00126763-00127098": "forces that was making us feel and being you know sort of", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00268-00127101-00127409": "stuck in a certain type of social and political space. Right?", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00269-00127409-00127908": "So, I was in a very, very similar space. I had always", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00270-00127908-00128385": "known that I was sort of undocumented, not really knowing the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00271-00128385-00128671": "repercussions of it until it was college time, which a lot of the stories", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00272-00128671-00129163": "often go is when students are trying to obtain higher education or there", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00273-00129163-00129504": "are other stories about the driver’s licenses things. Right? Trying to", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00274-00129504-00130135": "access just day-to-day like livelihood that we sort of meet these barriers", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00275-00130135-00130778": "and realize that we cannot have those access. So, I was very similar in", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00276-00130778-00131237": "that trajectory. I had went into my counselor, my guidance counselor in", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00277-00131237-00131589": "Georgia, trying to figure out how I can go to school. How can I afford", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00278-00131589-00132284": "school? And his answer was that I couldn't, or he doesn't really", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00279-00132284-00132874": "understand what should be done. So, I did my own route. I applied to", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00280-00132874-00133272": "several state schools. I applied to all the schools that my friends were", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00281-00133272-00133626": "applying to UGA, University of Georgia, Georgia Tech, Georgia State,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00282-00133626-00134166": "a bunch of all the colleges around. I applied to a few out-of-state for", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00283-00134166-00134640": "some reason. I applied to Auburn. I applied to Emory. So, that was a", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00284-00134640-00135223": "private university. But it ended up being down, going down to the cost.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00285-00135223-00135845": "So, how can your family who are also undocumented and working under", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00286-00135845-00136481": "the table 9-5, or even more hours, multiple shift, multiple jobs for low pay,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00287-00136481-00137133": "to afford an international rate, which is like what, $50,000, $60,000 a year? I couldn't.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00288-00137133-00137429": ">> ETHAN: Yeah.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00289-00137429-00137643": ">> KEISH: So, my frustration.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00290-00137643-00138038": ">> No access to loans.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00291-00138038-00138185": ">> KEISH: No. No access to loans. So, you needed a US citizen to", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00292-00138187-00138332": "sort of like guarantee and be a benefactor and be a cosigner.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00293-00138332-00138799": "As an undocumented person, who do you have access that can be a cosigner to a $120,000 loan?", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00294-00138799-00139200": ">> ETHAN: Nobody.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00295-00139200-00139488": ">> KEISH: Nobody. Even with papers. Even as a citizen.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00296-00139488-00140130": "So, I met that barrier. I also graduated in 2009, and I went into a bad place where", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00297-00140130-00140733": "1, I couldn't get a job. I was helping my parents. I was working at a flea", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00298-00140733-00141266": "market. I was frustrated. I was really scared. I felt that my parents'", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00299-00141266-00141684": "whole reasoning coming to the US was sort of down the drain, and that", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00300-00141684-00142316": "was a lot of burden that I carried on my part. I was naive. I was", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00301-00142316-00143030": "determined to go to school, so I started doing solo studying, which,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00302-00143030-00143832": "looking back now, wasn't very effective. But I tried to redo the SATs. I", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00303-00143832-00144378": "tried to read more. I tried to do all these test preps on my own for a", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00304-00144378-00144999": "year-and-a-half until I started organizing. It was not a good place to be.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00305-00144999-00145493": "And the whole premise on that, for me was, you know, once in a while", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00306-00145493-00145693": "you'll see in your local ethnic newspaper, so mine is Korean, Korean", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00307-00145693-00145940": "newspapers about success stories of like students who didn't have", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00308-00145940-00146256": "papers but went into Harvard or went into some super-prestigious", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00309-00146256-00146972": "school and got a full funding, and I think that was my ultimate goal.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00310-00146972-00147589": "Yeah, but that's not sustainable. So, I also reached out to a national", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00311-00147589-00148019": "organizer. I think at that time it was Perla Law who was undocumented", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00312-00148019-00148563": "at that time, who is doing amazing work as in UC Berkeley being the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00313-00148563-00149283": "legal counselor and staff attorney there or was. And I reached out to", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00314-00149283-00149692": "them and was like, \"Hey. I'm undocumented.\" Or at that time, we would", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00315-00149692-00150210": "use the word illegal. I used the word illegal. I was like, \"I'm illegal. I", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00316-00150210-00150582": "need, I want to go to school. I need to go to school. Can you help me?\"", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00317-00150582-00150818": "And they had connected me to a fellow organizer and comrade,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00318-00150818-00151383": "Georgina, who was a stronghold in Georgia, and that's when I had gone", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00319-00151383-00151764": "to the first meeting that led up to being the Georgia Undocumented", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00320-00151764-00152343": "Youth Alliance GUYA. Yeah - and how we got involved with Freedom U, I", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00321-00152343-00153227": "think it was in culmination of everything. Right? With HB 87, with policy", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00322-00153227-00153662": "416, with all this legal pressure that's happening, with a lot of students", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00323-00153662-00154359": "getting arrested, a lot of students being detained, putting in deportation", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00324-00154359-00154649": "proceedings, and we were fighting. We were trying to fight them.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00325-00154649-00154999": "Right? That the professors were also concerned about their own", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00326-00154999-00155457": "students that were around them that were certainly getting pressured to", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00327-00155457-00156149": "1 scope out and then 2 like kick out. Or one, they lost funding. Right?", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00328-00156149-00156633": "Because of policy 416, the institution started figuring out who were", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00329-00156633-00157156": "undocumented and started requesting funding. Right? They need to", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00330-00157156-00157946": "pay certain bills, and they had reached out to GUYA to ask for some advice. Right?", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00331-00157946-00158601": ">> ETHAN: So this had literally affected people who were in school", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00332-00158601-00158846": "at that point for whom tuition might go up by a factor of 4.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00333-00158846-00159075": ">> KEISH: Yeah.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00334-00159075-00159277": ">> ETHAN: Because suddenly, their citizenship status became", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00335-00159277-00159673": "critical as far as how it was going. For you, you were not in school,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00336-00159673-00160089": "but you were starting to get involved with the Undocumented Rights Movement", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00337-00160089-00160419": ">> KEISH: Yes.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00338-00160419-00160664": ">> ETHAN: with the Dream Movement,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00339-00160664-00160886": ">> KEISH: Yes.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00340-00160886-00161133": ">> ETHAN: Let me now sort of bridge over to my friends who are teaching at University", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00341-00161135-00161392": "of Georgia at this point, and I'm sort of curious how you sort of ended up meeting and", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00342-00161392-00161793": "connecting at that point. So, maybe, Betina, if I can, can I go to you first on this?", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00343-00161793-00162605": ">> BETINA: OK. OK. So, in 2010, when the resolution against,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00344-00162605-00163223": "the ban against undocumented students passed, many of us started", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00345-00163223-00164034": "considering ways in which we could protest or oppose to the ban. At", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00346-00164034-00164480": "that time, Pam and Bethany were already very well-connected, and they", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00347-00164480-00164889": "can tell a little more. With students' organizations who were protesting", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00348-00164889-00165718": "against the rates of tuition, and they were going up and the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00349-00165718-00166460": "scholarships were going down, were shrinking. So, there was a group", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00350-00166460-00166955": "of students in UGA, mostly upper-division and graduate students who", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00351-00166955-00167840": "were very engaged with access to higher education. In my department,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00352-00167840-00168780": "we had recently hired Lorgia García-Peña as the specialist in Latino studies.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00353-00168780-00169136": ">> The only one in the entire state, right?", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00354-00169136-00169472": ">> BETINA: Most likely, yes.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00355-00169472-00169672": "[Laughing.]", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00356-00169672-00169936": ">> BETINA: Now, it has changed a little bit, but at that time, yes.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00357-00169936-00170278": "And it was a long fight to get this position opened,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00358-00170278-00170632": "and there was a group of us within the department who were thinking", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00359-00170632-00171149": "that the Latino student body was growing and that we were not offering", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00360-00171149-00171811": "anything to them, so we were pushing for this to happen. We got it.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00361-00171811-00172266": "Lorgia was there. And then we have this horrible news that would", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00362-00172266-00172996": "affect mostly, not only, but mostly Latino students. So, I remember", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00363-00172996-00173535": "once talking to Lorgia in a corridor and saying, \"What are we going to", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00364-00173535-00174047": "do? This is affecting us. This is against us.\" And at the same time, I", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00365-00174047-00174727": "think, Pam invited me to a meeting with students and community", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00366-00174727-00175458": "members, and in that meeting, we just starting brainstorming on how to", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00367-00175458-00176425": "react directly to this ban. I was following the student movement GUYA,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00368-00176425-00176858": "what they were doing. I was following in the news how young people", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00369-00176858-00177485": "were putting themselves to arrest, and I felt horrible that I was a grown-up", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00370-00177485-00178085": "person responsible for educating these people and was not doing", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00371-00178085-00178764": "anything. So, at that point, we met and was a community member, Beth O,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00372-00178764-00179372": "who very naively said, “Well, you three are teachers.” We four. There", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00373-00179372-00179733": "was someone else. “Why don’t you teach them? They cannot go to", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00374-00179733-00180004": "college. Why don’t you teach them?”", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00375-00180004-00180721": "And after that, we started thinking of options and toying with the idea", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00376-00180721-00181265": "and, immediately, we decided that we couldn’t plan anything without", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00377-00181265-00181878": "asking the students what their needs were and how this idea of teaching", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00378-00181878-00182567": "a class would go with them, so that’s when we met with a group of GUYA", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00379-00182567-00183270": "students, and Keish was there, and we decided that it was the way to go,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00380-00183270-00184178": "and we started as a protest and also as a way to support this group of students.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00381-00184178-00184791": ">> ETHAN: So, Pam, my understanding of this is that this wasn’t just a solidarity", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00382-00184791-00185250": "actual. That was certainly a big piece of that, but it was also a very practical,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00383-00185250-00185721": "educational, how do we help students get to the point", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00384-00185721-00186274": "where they can find the resources to find a school that’s willing", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00385-00186274-00186674": "to accept them and that they can afford. How did this actually work? Did", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00386-00186674-00187115": "you have a classroom? Did you meet? What did you teach? How did this work out?", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00387-00187115-00187480": ">> PAM: Yeah. I remember that during these organizational meeting", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00388-00187483-00187863": "Keish, in particular, and Gina, who she referenced really pushing", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00389-00187863-00188391": "saying, \"You know, what we want is to be in a college classroom.\" And, I", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00390-00188391-00188628": "think, if I'm not misreading this, that GUYA was saying, \"This would be", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00391-00188628-00189029": "politically, incredibly useful to have this kind.\" And it did attract an", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00392-00189029-00189403": "incredible amount of media. And, so, we taught that class, and because", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00393-00189403-00189860": "of Lorgia García-Peña, we were able to offer a kind of Latinx studies", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00394-00189860-00190253": "classes as well as Latin American literature and culture and US", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00395-00190253-00190690": "immigration from a more or less Latinx kind of perspective or a broader", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00396-00190690-00191188": "perspective, perhaps. And one thing became really clear and while we", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00397-00191188-00191450": "were fight the ban, and while the students in the class were at the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00398-00191450-00191776": "absolute cutting edge of that fight, there were people like Gustavo and", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00399-00191776-00192242": "Keish who had already graduated from high school two years before and", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00400-00192242-00192602": "were really ready to go to college and wanted to do that. And what we", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00401-00192602-00193124": "saw when we began to do things like SAT prep, we needed SAT prep", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00402-00193124-00193543": "books, and so the level of solidarity nationally was amazing. Stacks and", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00403-00193543-00194001": "stacks of books, not only for this American Studies Latinx Studies class", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00404-00194001-00194450": "we were teaching, but also for SAT prep book. And then, the kind of", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00405-00194450-00194932": "solidarity that came out of places that were actually under resourced like", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00406-00194932-00195341": "Tougaloo College in Jackson, Mississippi, a historically black college and", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00407-00195341-00195581": "university. There was an undocumented student there that went into the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00408-00195581-00195915": "admissions office and said, \"You know, there's a lot more people like me", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00409-00195915-00196272": "who are being banned across the South, especially in Georgia and South", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00410-00196272-00196538": "Carolina. You need to open up these scholarships. You need to open up", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00411-00196538-00196901": "the fellowships.\" And so, one of the biggest receiving institutions that we", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00412-00196901-00197229": "found was one of the poorest colleges in the country. And the second", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00413-00197229-00197644": "one that was really fabulous was Berea College, who in the 19th century", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00414-00197644-00197977": "was one of the first colleges to integrate along racial lines and along", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00415-00197977-00198378": "gender lines, and, in fact, in the 1920s, the Supreme Court came in and", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00416-00198378-00198748": "shut that down and said, \"You can't be integrated along racial lines.\" And", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00417-00198748-00199121": "so, Berea stepped up and said, especially when DACA passed and people", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00418-00199121-00199686": "were able to work, because it's a work-study school, that they were able", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00419-00199686-00200075": "to provide scholarships. The alumni at Hampshire, led by a woman who", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00420-00200075-00200363": "was herself a first-generation student, organized to come up with the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00421-00200366-00200673": "money for Gustavo's four-year scholarship. So, what we saw was a lot of", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00422-00201154-00201603": "intense organizing and incredible solidarity coming from the HBCU,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00423-00201603-00202250": "coming from Berea, and coming from organizations in Athens, like that", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00424-00202250-00202567": "we mentioned Betu who was the head of the Immigrant Rights", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00425-00202567-00202867": "Organization, from the African American women who ran the Economic", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00426-00202867-00203194": "Justice Coalition and already had networks, so this logistically to run", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00427-00203194-00203571": "something like this, you need drivers. That's always the issue in social", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00428-00203571-00204098": "movements in the South, right, is public transportation is non-existent. And so", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00429-00204098-00204410": "we have these teams of drivers who are coming out of the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00430-00204412-00204751": "Economic Justice Coalition. We were receiving death threats from the Klan and", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00431-00204751-00205018": "people like that, and so the Economic Justice Coalition provided", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00432-00205018-00205312": "someone who was out in the parking lot while the students were meeting", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00433-00205312-00205698": "on Sundays for these three-hour intensive classes to watch, you know,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00434-00205698-00206044": "and not to call the police, because that wouldn't do any good. Right? So,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00435-00206044-00206377": "we had our own kind of protection system out of these pre-existing", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00436-00206377-00206659": "solidarity networks. And some of the people doing the driving were", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00437-00206659-00207029": "Teamsters, people from the Racial Justice Action Center in Atlanta. There", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00438-00207029-00207354": "were lawyers that came in from the Southern Poverty Law Center and the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00439-00207354-00207767": "Southern Center for Human Rights that took on some of these cases,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00440-00207767-00208381": "because some students with broken talk lights had police records, and", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00441-00208381-00208752": "so if they're going to leave the state to go to college, that had to be", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00442-00208752-00209142": "addressed in courtrooms and things. So, one of the interesting things", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00443-00209142-00209606": "about Freedom U was this incredible level of solidarity form these", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00444-00209606-00210095": "under resourced colleges and from these existing activist networks, I think.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00445-00210095-00210512": ">> ETHAN: So when we think of this as four professors got", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00446-00210512-00210952": "together at an undisclosed location and held free classes for", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00447-00210952-00211392": "undocumented students, we're seeing like the tip of an iceberg of", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00448-00211392-00211838": "organizing that includes how do people get there? How do you protect", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00449-00211838-00212169": "the people who are there? How do you think about this larger question of", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00450-00212169-00212873": "what the goal is of this? And it sounded like, from very early on, the goal", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00451-00212873-00213268": "was not an alternative to being able to go to a university. It was the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00452-00213268-00213552": "opportunity to get in there.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00453-00213552-00214023": ">> PAM: And you have to realize that the initial organizing act was this", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00454-00214023-00214420": "Gina that Keish's been talking about. GUYA comes out and does", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00455-00214420-00214840": "an organizing workshop for students in the Athens area, and Gina's first thing was,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00456-00214840-00215275": "\"Everybody who's over 30, and everybody who is a citizen, out of the room.\"", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00457-00215275-00215654": "And so they did the organizing. It was GUYA who was", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00458-00215657-00216085": "pushing this and was doing the logistical work because,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00459-00216085-00216317": "you know, social movements are the reproductive labor. Right? And so", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00460-00216317-00216828": "this was the group doing that labor and having that vision, I think, and", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00461-00216828-00216976": "they were the ones who were connected to these activist networks and", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00462-00216976-00217471": "Atlanta and things. And so, put together this, kind of took the befuddled", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00463-00217471-00217926": "professors and said, \"Now look. You know. This is what you need to do.\"", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00464-00217926-00218208": ">> KEISH: I mean, I think that's real, because I think, I don't know about", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00465-00218208-00218606": "you, Gustavo, but I think a lot of us, yeah you were too, jaded, and then", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00466-00218606-00219001": "very jaded. And the aspect or perspective like going being in a classroom", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00467-00219001-00219342": "or going to college was far from our mind. I think there's a reason Lorgia", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00468-00219342-00219737": "had to you call at 4 AM, 5 AM and to ask you to write a paper and", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00469-00219737-00220273": "application in an hour. Right? So, I think when even when Freedom", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00470-00220273-00220667": "University, before even we actually like claimed and embraced that name,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00471-00220667-00221041": "we were just like, \"What does this classroom actually look like? What is it", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00472-00221041-00221416": "actually supposed to do?\" And when we were using our networks to like", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00473-00221416-00221869": "let the word out so that students actually were attending, and actually", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00474-00221869-00222272": "taking up space for this classroom, there was a lot of hesitancy and", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00475-00222272-00222746": "confusion of what this was supposed to be.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00476-00222746-00222974": ">> ETHAN: And, Keish, what did it end up being?", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00477-00222974-00223510": "I mean, when people were coming to these classes, you know, what was getting taught?", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00478-00223510-00224080": "Was it about doing a college-level class in Latinx and American Studies,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00479-00224080-00224537": "or was it about thinking about what it would mean to be", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00480-00224537-00224966": "someone who was going into higher education?", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00481-00224966-00225233": ">> KEISH: So there was a lot, I think in the beginning there was a lot of", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00482-00225233-00225459": "confusion. It was very amorphous. There was a lot of questions. Right?", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00483-00225459-00225823": "People were asking for all kinds of classes. For me, at that time, I was", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00484-00225823-00226313": "very dead-set on like having an actual classroom, like a college-level", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00485-00226313-00226617": "classroom was, what I personally wanted. And that was my personal", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00486-00226617-00227138": "investment. So, at that, that's definitely shown through, that that was", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00487-00227138-00227590": "what I needed. So, that's what we had stated.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00488-00227590-00227879": "[Laughing.]", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00489-00227879-00228377": ">> Looking back now, I remember in our first meeting Keish was very eloquent,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00490-00228377-00228925": "and she said something like, \"I have lost my personality as a student, and I", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00491-00228925-00229621": "want to be a student.\" So, after that, in the class, she insisted", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00492-00229621-00229843": ">> KEISH: Right.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00493-00229843-00230165": ">> that she was already, again a student. >> KEISH: Right. >> that was a big gain.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00494-00230165-00230537": ">> KEISH: Yeah. I mean, looking back now from where I", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00495-00230537-00231083": "am now, it's really ironic and funny that there was a syllabus that was", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00496-00231083-00231603": "being drafted and compiled over the summer. Like, just multiple drafts. I remember", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00497-00231603-00231820": ">> 17 pages.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00498-00231820-00232251": ">> Keish: It was a very rigorous. It was actually a very rigorous. I still have it with me.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00499-00232251-00232498": "It was very rigorous.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00500-00232498-00232788": ">> Beyond graduate school.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00501-00232788-00233113": ">> KEISH: It was actually beyond graduate school. And now that I'm in it,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00502-00233113-00233565": "I know that it was beyond graduate school level.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00503-00233565-00233790": "[Laughing.]", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00504-00233790-00233949": ">> KEISH: The funny thing was, and then it was a very, I think", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00505-00233952-00234117": "a lot, even the naming of the classroom, even naming of Freedom University,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00506-00234117-00234318": "there was a lot of power and intention behind it. So, the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00507-00234318-00234852": "classroom, the class that was offered was titled as American Civilization,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00508-00234852-00235100": "and this was a little wink at Harvard American Civilization Program at", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00509-00235100-00235360": "that time. We had then, since then, changed our name to American Studies.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00510-00235360-00235782": "We still have a lot of work to do.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00511-00235782-00236059": "[Laughing.]", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00512-00236059-00236432": ">> KEISH: But the classroom, the syllabus and the syllabus in the class was titled", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00513-00236435-00236797": "American Civilization, but what happened actually behind and inside the syllabus", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00514-00236797-00237220": "was amazing, powerful critiques on empire, about statehood, sovereignty,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00515-00237220-00237575": "about, and I was using all kinds of scholarship and sources that as ethnic", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00516-00237575-00237977": "studies. It was American studies at its core. We were reading. We were", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00517-00237977-00238468": "really ready graduate-level readings. We were reading George Lipsitz. We", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00518-00238468-00238753": "were reading Jorge Gonzalez. We were reading", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00519-00238753-00238984": ">> ETHAN: May Nai", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00520-00238984-00239508": ">> KEISH: May Nai. Right?", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00521-00239508-00239750": "[Laughing.]", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00522-00239750-00239939": ">> ETHAN: I see Bethany laughing hard about this,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00523-00239942-00240148": "and Bethany of course is an activist historian, has", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00524-00240148-00240525": "thought a lot about labor history and about different social movement,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00525-00240525-00241179": "sort of within the Americas. How did you find yourself thinking about this", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00526-00241179-00241362": "sort of going into the classroom? Were you approaching this as a", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00527-00241362-00241766": "scholar? Were you approaching this as an activist? How were you bringing yourself into this?", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00528-00241766-00242147": ">> PAM: Well, I mean I think what Betina said at the beginning.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00529-00242149-00242481": "I remember the day that we opened the New York Times", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00530-00242481-00243028": "and there was the picture of GUYA activists who had sat down on the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00531-00243028-00243531": "street in front of the Georgia Capitol to protest these this spate of laws.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00532-00243531-00243939": "Right? And you see these young people in their graduation gowns, right,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00533-00243939-00244353": "from high school, sitting down and being dragged off by the same beefy", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00534-00244353-00244801": "cops that we're all familiar with from 100 years of Southern iconography,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00535-00244801-00245620": "and the reaction is, \"This is my institution that is now being directly", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00536-00245620-00246170": "conscripted into this particular from of injustice. There has to be", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00537-00246170-00246875": "something strategic that you can do with your own imbrication in the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00538-00246875-00247330": "committing of this injustice.\" And so, reaching out to the people who", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00539-00247330-00247771": "were risking, and continue every day, every minute that they're up here, to", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00540-00247771-00248180": "risk far more than any of us could risk, right, but doing this, and just", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00541-00248180-00248627": "saying, \"Is there any way in which our institutional location could be", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00542-00248627-00249100": "useful, because none of us wants to participate in executing this", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00543-00249100-00249603": "particular ban. Right?\" And to put this in context, it was the 50th", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00544-00249603-00250025": "anniversary of the desegregation of the University of Georgia. And so,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00545-00250025-00250537": "having fought that tooth and nail, right, the white state establishment at", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00546-00250537-00250868": "the time was not patting itself on the back very publicly for the open", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00547-00250868-00251816": "access to the plantation-style campus that was at the heart of this, and", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00548-00251816-00252513": "so, using those realities, strategically, we wanted to know if the activists", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00549-00252513-00253042": "who were, in fact, risking something, could see a use for that. Right? But", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00550-00253042-00253608": "when Keish came back with, actually the thing that would be useful for us", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00551-00253608-00254026": "would be if y'all would do this as a civil disobedience demonstration", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00552-00254026-00254571": "project and actually do it like you would do it, you know. The fact was that", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00553-00254571-00255192": "this fight against undocumented students and racialized students was", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00554-00255192-00255936": "part of the whole move to ban an entire branch of knowledge from public", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00555-00255936-00256352": "universities. Right? That while Arizona was passing these laws, that", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00556-00256352-00256746": "Georgia was running along and copying, it was also trying to throw ethnic", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00557-00256746-00257169": "studies out of its institutions of higher learning.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00558-00257169-00257709": ">> ETHAN: Right. So it wasn't accidental that Latinx studies was really a focus of this.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00559-00257709-00257990": "This was, in part, what you were trying to fight for.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00560-00257990-00258211": ">> PAM: Exactly. That American Studies and Latinx studies,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00561-00258211-00258505": "ethnic studies generally, African American studies,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00562-00258505-00258774": "these are all branches of human knowledge that had to, literally,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00563-00258774-00259248": "fight in the streets for inclusion in publicly-funded education. And so,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00564-00259248-00259854": "there's an awareness at the, in the room where these things happen that", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00565-00259854-00260320": "that knowledge is dangerous. That knowledge, liberatory knowledge is", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00566-00260320-00260883": "dangerous, and I think it's fair to say that no one in the class had", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00567-00260883-00261503": "encountered the histories we were collectively constructing, presented in", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00568-00261503-00261913": "any fashion. Right? That that is part of the move. And so for us, it was", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00569-00261913-00262366": "really powerful to get to participate in that knowledge creation with", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00570-00262366-00263226": "people who were actively liberating our country at the same time.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00571-00263226-00263563": ">> I want to say that one of the effects of having such a powerful ethnic", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00572-00263563-00264099": "studies professor like Lorgia García-Peña was that not only did we have", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00573-00264099-00264602": "the four of us teaching, we had people fly in. Marco Vermaier Velasquez,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00574-00264602-00265154": "Yolanda Martina Sambiel, Achio Vejas, I could go on and on, Laura Gutierrez,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00575-00265154-00265750": "flew in on their own dimes, oftentimes, to give classes at Freedom U,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00576-00265750-00266173": "so arguably, we had the best ethnicity studies curriculum at the time.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00577-00266173-00266417": "[Laughing.]", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00578-00266417-00266781": "Frankly, you know, and without, you know, no budget,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00579-00266781-00267259": "essentially, when you're using sometimes the University of Georgia, but", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00580-00267259-00267557": "these were, this was an intellectually just over the top stimulating kind of", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00581-00267557-00268030": "experience to have this level. Junot Díaz, the famous Junot Díaz, MIT", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00582-00268030-00268700": "professor, Skyped in, and Keish got up and sort of just went after him.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00583-00268700-00268898": "[Laughing.]", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00584-00268898-00269131": ">> [Spanish.]", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00585-00269131-00269491": ">> PAM: But you know, people were empowered and dialoguing", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00586-00269493-00269869": "and this was really a magnet for like, you said, a kind of", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00587-00269869-00269995": "demonstration project in liberatory knowledge", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00588-00269997-00270129": "that lots of people wanted to participate in.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00589-00270129-00270520": ">> ETHAN: But I'm sure that, please, go ahead.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00590-00270520-00270826": ">> KEISH: Yeah, but I was a student. So, like, on the end of classroom, we", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00591-00270826-00271076": "are just soaking it in. We don't, we're coming in because we have said and", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00592-00271076-00271608": "dedicated our time into the space. We don't know at what scale we're", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00593-00271608-00271943": "meeting these professors. Like, we don't know what their positions are,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00594-00271943-00272297": "where they are in their like legal, I mean scholarly genealogy. We do not", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00595-00272297-00272692": "know these things. What we were promised, and this was a constant", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00596-00272692-00273057": "push that we still have to do, is actually get it accredited. So, when it was", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00597-00273057-00273392": "the idea was brewing, the importance was getting the classroom", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00598-00273392-00273846": "accredited, so that if we were to, you know transfer or go to a two-year", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00599-00273846-00274224": "college, a community college or even a four-year college, that the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00600-00274224-00274550": "experience in the classroom that we were actually sitting on was being", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00601-00274550-00275087": "recognized as an actual class, which we didn't still. Right? We still", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00602-00275087-00275516": "haven't. And that sort of morphed, and that push was happening while", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00603-00275516-00276031": "the applications, like deadlines, were coming up, and we started then", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00604-00276031-00276414": "really pitching ideas of, \"OK. What does it mean for us to try to apply?", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00605-00276414-00276902": "Because now that we have access to professors of a university, could", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00606-00276902-00277309": "they write us recommendation letters? Could they do", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00607-00277312-00277780": "this?\" So these ideas were just forming as time went by.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00608-00277780-00277995": ">> ETHAN: So, there's an open question about could Freedom University", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00609-00277995-00278235": "turn into something that could have accreditation, could help people get", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00610-00278235-00278560": "credits that they might be able to transfer and bring somewhere else.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00611-00278560-00279022": "You've built this program, which even just in the first seminar,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00612-00279022-00279712": "is this sort of extraordinary Latinx Studies, and you're doing this", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00613-00279712-00280003": "on Sunday mornings, completely with volunteer labor,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00614-00280003-00280557": "at an undisclosed location, so that the Klan, the fucking Klan,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00615-00280557-00280996": "doesn't show up to disrupt your activities. So, I assume the University of", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00616-00280996-00281505": "Georgia was thrilled with this and was honoring the extra service.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00617-00281505-00281724": "[Laughing.]", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00618-00281724-00281951": ">> ETHAN: I assume they got rid of some of your teaching", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00619-00281951-00282303": "requirements for this, Bethany or Pam? I've noted that three of the four of", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00620-00282303-00282640": "you are no longer teaching at the University of Georgia.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00621-00282640-00282931": "[Laughing.]", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00622-00282931-00283183": ">> ETHAN: Betina, how did UGA react to this?", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00623-00283183-00283742": ">> BETINA: At the beginning, especially with tests,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00624-00283745-00284313": "was trying to put us against each other, and they", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00625-00284313-00285156": "would go to UGA speaker and ask them, \"What do you have to say about", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00626-00285156-00285789": "this?\" And the answer that the speaker gave, the first answer was, \"Our", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00627-00285789-00286616": "faculty can teach whatever they want outside their schedule and some", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00628-00286616-00287085": "professors teach Bible school, and we don't care about that.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00629-00287085-00287342": ">> PAM: Which is true.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00630-00287342-00287755": ">> BETINA: Which is true. So, they pretty much put it in", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00631-00287755-00288504": "those terms and gave us, in a way freedom, so we didn't need to respond to that.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00632-00288504-00289129": ">> ETHAN: But that's not exactly wholeheartedly embracing. >>", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00633-00289129-00289659": "Let's be clear. There was plenty of retaliation. But up next to what other", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00634-00289659-00290277": "people had on the line, in the situation, it was not worth worrying about,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00635-00290277-00290699": "honestly. And I will say it's important to remember that the faculty at", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00636-00290699-00291040": "University of Georgia, the student body at University of Georgia, same at", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00637-00291040-00291509": "Georgia State, same at multiple other universities around the state,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00638-00291509-00292100": "Armstrong State, voted to resolutions against the ban in support of", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00639-00292100-00292538": "Freedom U or other actions that deal with the larger immigrant", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00640-00292538-00293187": ">> BETINA: All university councils, all university forums have at least one", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00641-00293187-00293620": "resolution against the ban, where faculty were involved and students were involved.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00642-00293620-00293924": ">> ETHAN: and public.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00643-00293924-00294703": ">> PAM: An interesting thing was that the administration wouldn't go to the Board of Regents meetings and say these things, so there were the GUYA activists confronting the Board of Regents without,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00644-00294703-00295233": "with these sort of cowardly administrators not saying anything,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00645-00295233-00295619": "just sitting in the audience while younger people took on this fight.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00646-00295619-00296196": ">> BETINA: And when we have the discussion in UGA with the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00647-00296196-00297039": "university council, we proposed a resolution against the ban. We have a", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00648-00297039-00297482": "very strong reaction against the language that we were using. In the first", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00649-00297482-00297990": "proposal, we were using the word discrimination. And our colleagues", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00650-00297990-00298493": "who were supporting Freedom University, who were against the ban, they", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00651-00298493-00299125": "reacted very badly to the word discrimination. They couldn't tolerate that,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00652-00299125-00299690": "and luckily, we were able to change that language, and the resolution", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00653-00299690-00300350": "passed. But I think that speaks a lot about the position of faculty, even", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00654-00300350-00300892": "when they are supporters, how they do not want to make connections", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00655-00300892-00301506": "with the past history of the state and that creates a lot of trouble for them.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00656-00301506-00301998": ">> PAM: Although a specialist, specifically, in the history of living", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00657-00301998-00302293": "through segregation in Georgia, was one of our most effective", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00658-00302293-00302725": "collaborators, who came and spoke and made those connections herself,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00659-00302725-00303338": "Barbara McCaskill, who runs a stand-alone project at UGA about the history of", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00660-00303340-00303975": "anti-black discrimination at UGA had no trouble at all making those connections.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00661-00303975-00304489": ">> ETHAN: So, I want to open this up to the audience in a moment,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00662-00304489-00305058": "but I just want to ask one specific question to everyone, starting with Keish.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00663-00305058-00305403": "I know that everyone who's been involved with", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00664-00305403-00305923": "Freedom University is both very proud of it, but also very insistent that it", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00665-00305923-00306498": "is not the only intervention, maybe not always the right intervention, that", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00666-00306498-00307051": "there's a need for a huge number of interventions to deal with these", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00667-00307051-00307625": "questions of access to education. So, Keish, you're very involved with", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00668-00307625-00308107": "PUSH at Harvard. Can you tell us a little about that? And then, I'd love to", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00669-00308107-00308420": "just go sort of down the line and hear what each of you is involved with", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00670-00308420-00308827": "right now, and maybe if there's anything you want to urge us as an", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00671-00308827-00309346": "audience, both here and online to get involved with, and Pamela, when we", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00672-00309346-00309742": "get to you, we'll pull up the website associated with you.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00673-00309742-00310076": "[Laughing.]", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00674-00310076-00310450": ">> KEISH: I think Freedom University as well as GUYA are still both ongoing.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00675-00310450-00311347": "Things have gotten worse, right, in many ways? Both of us went into", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00676-00311347-00311812": "different trajectories of different institutions, at academic institutions,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00677-00311812-00312343": "pursuing different interests, but I mean both of us haven't fixed our", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00678-00312343-00313202": "statuses yet. And, you know, while our scale and our network of people", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00679-00313202-00313541": "that we're interacting with and engage with are expanding, the core", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00680-00313541-00314031": "issues and values are still the same. So, for me, currently being an", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00681-00314031-00314530": "American Studies -- student at Harvard, after the recent elections, it was", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00682-00314530-00314958": "actually again working closely with Lorgia García-Peña who's currently a", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00683-00314958-00315554": "faculty there. It was her classroom where we met after. It was actually", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00684-00315554-00316055": "one her, again, one of her amazing, powerful, undergraduate classrooms", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00685-00316055-00316455": "that was being held Monday, Wednesday. So, on Monday, before the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00686-00316455-00316855": "election result, there was a very powerful performance, on-campus", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00687-00316855-00317421": "performance of students sort of doing these murals and decorating the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00688-00317421-00317835": "John Harvard statue of just doing these really amazing and powerful", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00689-00317835-00318318": "resistance acts. And then, we got the election result on Tuesday, went to", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00690-00318318-00318698": "class, and I had went in to be with the students, and it was a very", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00691-00318698-00319368": "sorrowful moment. One, we had to console each other and sort of", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00692-00319368-00319832": "recognize each other's pain. And, secondly, that's when we started", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00693-00319832-00320559": "writing, drafting a letter to our president and to our deans of what we", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00694-00320559-00320920": "needed, and that sort of became what Protect Undocumented Students", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00695-00320920-00321328": "at Harvard sort of became, and we have multiple fronts of ask, which still", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00696-00321328-00321867": "have not been met, unfortunately, and that had to do with having an", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00697-00321867-00322463": "actual, a physical location, an office that is above ground.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00698-00322463-00322683": "[Laughing.]", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00699-00322683-00323352": ">> KEISH: That had actually invested money into students, protecting", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00700-00323352-00323747": "undocumented students. This meant in multiple fronts. Now only", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00701-00323747-00324085": "allocating funding to support of emergency financial aid, not only covers", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00702-00324085-00324460": "DACA, but maybe other funds. Maybe our parents are being deported or", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00703-00324460-00324887": "being detained and then deportation proceedings. Maybe we need to", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00704-00324887-00325340": "help our parents sustain themselves because our mom and dads are", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00705-00325340-00325749": "detained. Right? There's multiple fronts where financial need is actually", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00706-00325749-00326068": "needed that people do not always recognize. There's always the $495 for", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00707-00326068-00326518": "DACA manuals, but there is so much more that goes beyond that. What if", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00708-00326518-00326855": "we had mixed that with a lot of the students were mixed status, or the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00709-00326855-00327201": "students themselves may have papers, but their parents, their brothers", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00710-00327201-00327577": "and sisters who may not have papers? Right? So, our needs were not only", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00711-00327577-00328019": "the funding. It was not only the legal need of having a very radical and", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00712-00328019-00328570": "powerful and insistent and stubborn attorney, a criminal and both", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00713-00328570-00328980": "immigration attorney who's capable of pushing certain envelopes, right,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00714-00328980-00329330": "and making certain things happen. We needed an attorney. We needed", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00715-00329330-00329703": "multiple attorneys. We needed a collection of attorneys who's able to do", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00716-00329703-00330114": "certain things. We wanted access to mental health. We wanted a capable", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00717-00330114-00330406": "mental health counselor and therapist who's able to meet the needs of", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00718-00330406-00330870": "not only LGBTQ, low-income, first-gen students, but knowing various", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00719-00330870-00331247": "backgrounds of like what it means to be undocumented. So, these were", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00720-00331247-00331609": "some of the fronts that we needed. We'll actually ask for more hiring of", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00721-00331609-00332215": "ethnic studies professors and scholars. Multiple fronts were asked.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00722-00332215-00333050": ">> ETHAN: So, it's a huge set of needs, and just thinking about how", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00723-00333050-00333543": "enormous these needs can be and how enormous these populations are,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00724-00333543-00333958": "I was reminded when we were sitting down over lunch, that not only do", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00725-00333958-00334371": "we have the 800,000 people who've applied for DACA status or been", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00726-00334371-00334814": "granted DACA status, we have 1.3 million people who are eligible. Since", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00727-00334814-00335093": "DACA is not currently on the books, we have people who would be", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00728-00335093-00335447": "eligible for DACA, but who are now, sort of falling through the cracks. And", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00729-00335447-00336006": "then, as you are mentioning, you have an even larger set of students who", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00730-00336006-00336401": "have mixed families, so that students have papers, one or both parents", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00731-00336401-00336858": "doesn't have papers, and you find students in the a situation where, and I", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00732-00336858-00337336": "find this as an educator, I have a student who will drop off the map, and", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00733-00337336-00337773": "what may actually be going on is that its student is working full-time to", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00734-00337773-00338278": "keep her parents from being deported or to figure out what to do with the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00735-00338278-00338673": "rest of the family if parents do end up getting deported. This whole set of", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00736-00338673-00339204": "needs becomes something that, as educators, we have a responsibility to", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00737-00339204-00339721": "address up 'til the point that our government finds a way to address this", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00738-00339721-00340191": "better than they're currently addressing this now. Gustavo, what about", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00739-00340191-00340624": "you? How are you involved with this at this point? Do you continue to be", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00740-00340624-00340961": "involved with Freedom U? Are you involved with other parts of the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00741-00340961-00341452": "movement in New York at this point?", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00742-00341452-00341835": ">> GUSTAVO: So, I'm not really involved with Freedom U anymore.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00743-00341835-00342263": "In terms of organizing efforts, I've taken a step back.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00744-00342263-00342924": "But, one of the motivations for when I first got involved", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00745-00342924-00343233": "was if I'm going to go out, I'm going to go out with a bang. Right?", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00746-00343233-00343596": "Like, I'm going to make some damage. I'm going to have an impact", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00747-00343596-00344038": "before they take me out. And I think that has translated into my work as a", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00748-00344038-00344732": "paralegal where I'm not necessarily working with people who are", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00749-00344732-00345589": "highly-skilled workers. There is demand. Right? And they want to bring them over.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00750-00345589-00346120": "I'm working with people who are escaping, all kinds of violence, are", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00751-00346120-00346694": "escaping poverty, are running away from these puppet governments that", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00752-00346694-00347261": "the US installed and the sacking of the resources of their countries, and", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00753-00347261-00348063": "they're coming here for a better life. Right? They just want to work as we", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00754-00348063-00348466": "all do and lead a good life, and I think that that's sort of where it's", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00755-00348466-00349162": "translated for me now. Right? There are so many immigration cases out there.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00756-00349162-00349769": "There's clean-cut ones where there's no criminal record. There's", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00757-00349769-00350359": "ones that are very, very complicated, and those are the ones that I like to work on.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00758-00350359-00350934": "I like to work on the ones that anyone who could look at the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00759-00350934-00351494": "surface details of it and say, \"No. Well, this is not someone we want in", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00760-00351494-00352002": "this country,\" but it's not so black and white. Right? So, that's where I am now.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00761-00352002-00352353": "I eventually want to be an immigration attorney, and I want to keep", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00762-00352353-00352989": "working on this project of, you know, like people have rights, and people", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00763-00352989-00353421": "are eligible for immigration benefits under the INA. It may not be pretty. It", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00764-00353421-00353748": "may not be easy. There's going to be a lot of digging, a lot of fighting, a", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00765-00353748-00354439": "lot of advocating for people, but as someone who as of this point, doesn't", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00766-00354439-00355408": "really have a, or doesn't have a path to legalization, my mentality is still, \"I", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00767-00355408-00356259": "want to go out with a bang.\" And what that means is that making sure", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00768-00356259-00356633": "that as many people who can adjust, who can try to obtain legalization do", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00769-00356636-00357013": "that and that's where my energies are now. And I think that eventually,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00770-00357013-00357466": "down the line, what I would like to do, and one of the biggest goals for", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00771-00357466-00357997": "me is to be able to influence or write legislation that would go into the INA.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00772-00357997-00358473": "Right? That would be more humane and not just necessarily look at", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00773-00358473-00358892": "people as what kind of economic contributions can you make to this country,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00774-00358892-00359559": "but what does this country owe you? What does this country owe your family?", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00775-00359559-00360008": "How can we repay that? And that's sort of the impact that I want to have down the line.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00776-00360008-00360451": ">> ETHAN: There's a law school about two stops away on the red line.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00777-00360451-00360871": "I've got some friends over there. They often watch these events. So, they", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00778-00360871-00361100": "may want to get in touch with you.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00779-00361100-00361318": ">> GUSTAVO: Let's talk after.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00780-00361318-00361713": ">> ETHAN: They do some pretty good work there.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00781-00361713-00362056": "Pamela, what about you? You're now up at Dartmouth College,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00782-00362056-00362462": "a noted hotbed of liberal activism.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00783-00362462-00362703": "What's your involvement with the movement at this point?", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00784-00362703-00362949": ">> PAM: With Freedom U?", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00785-00362949-00363238": ">> ETHAN: Yeah.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00786-00363238-00363483": ">> PAM: I've, like Gustavo, who's being too modest, I've helped a little bit", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00787-00363483-00363981": "with tours of students coming through and doing educational work at places like", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00788-00363981-00364212": "Smith and Hampshire. Gustavo actually organized a tour of", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00789-00364212-00364592": "Freedom U students a couple years back in", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00790-00364592-00365035": "the Pioneer Valley, and they were able to tell people what was going on.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00791-00365035-00365494": "Freedom U is ongoing. It's being run now by a woman named", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00792-00365494-00365858": "Laura Emiko Soltis, who's an absolutely fabulous job, and Freedom U students", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00793-00365858-00366221": "are sort of leading not only the undocumented student movement in", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00794-00366221-00366449": "Atlanta, but are major leads in a larger kind of network of students", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00795-00366449-00366860": "who've done is pretty powerful civil disobedience actions, not only at the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00796-00366860-00367219": "University of Georgia, but at the Board of Regents. And so, what we do at", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00797-00367219-00367780": "Dartmouth, which is sort of a place that probably is not quite where MIT", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00798-00367780-00368262": "is yet in terms of undocumented admissions, is educational work and a", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00799-00368262-00368692": "lot of working with students whose parents are in deportation hearings", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00800-00368692-00369091": "and getting professors to write letters that go to courtrooms in Georgia", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00801-00369091-00369495": "or Nebraska or Texas or wherever it is that talk about that student so", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00802-00369495-00370031": "that might give a judge pause kind of thing. But Freedom U is very much", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00803-00370031-00370701": "an ongoing, you know, kind of ongoing concern and continues to offer", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00804-00370701-00371016": "classes on Sundays and SAT prep, and I really want to encourage people", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00805-00371016-00371282": "to go to the website.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00806-00371282-00371499": ">> ETHAN: And it's an organization that really could use your support,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00807-00371499-00371803": "and if we can just pull up the website here, great. And what's the URL for that?", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00808-00371803-00372340": ">> PAM: I think it's www.freedomuniversitygeorgia.com or .org maybe.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00809-00372340-00372890": "There it is. There's MIT Professor Junot Díaz on the Colbert", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00810-00372893-00373387": "Report giving his FU Georgia T-shirt, a sweatshirt.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00811-00373387-00373908": ">> ETHAN: I was going to ask whether the name was intentional, but I know Bethany well enough", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00812-00373908-00374092": "to know that the name absolutely was intentional.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00813-00374092-00374475": ">> BETHANY: Yes, but all the students assumed that we had no idea, apparently.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00814-00374475-00374711": "Like, oh, those stupid adults.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00815-00374711-00374898": "[Laughing.]", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00816-00374898-00375060": ">> ETHAN: But I've known you for a really, really, long time, and I know that FU Georgia", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00817-00375060-00375263": "was something that was probably intentional.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00818-00375263-00375444": ">> We tried to argue that we wanted to be a freedom", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00819-00375447-00375622": "school to come full-circle to the freedom schools", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00820-00375625-00375809": "of the 60s, but everyone's like, \"But if we're FU,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00821-00375811-00375993": "we get to shout 'FU Georgia' at the demonstrations.\"", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00822-00375993-00376156": ">> Which was cathartic.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00823-00376156-00376754": ">> BETHANY: So anyways, I would really encourage people to, you know,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00824-00376754-00376948": "touch base them, to donate if you can.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00825-00376948-00377236": "As you know, most sort of donations to 501(c)3 organizations go to the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00826-00377236-00377614": "left coast and not to the South. Some of the most incredible political", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00827-00377614-00378144": "activism is going on in the US South with absolutely no resources.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00828-00378144-00378648": "Taking students in a van to Berea College to interview there with", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00829-00378648-00379080": "admissions officers is a $3,000 venture. $3,000 seems like nothing at a", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00830-00379080-00379763": "place like MIT or Dartmouth, but it can go so far. Books, you know,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00831-00379763-00380056": "materials, artist materials for demonstrations, all of that, transportation,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00832-00380056-00380614": "getting people on a plane to get to Hampshire to do a workshop, so I", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00833-00380614-00380975": "really want to encourage people if you can give to give. Share it on social", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00834-00380975-00381549": "media, if you get connected with them. Volunteer if you're in the Atlanta area.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00835-00381549-00382198": "It really is, like we were saying, it's a social movement as much as it", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00836-00382198-00382561": "is a single class on Sundays now. And it's a social movement that grew", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00837-00382561-00382867": "with incredible solidarity with people from all over the country, people", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00838-00382867-00383691": "flying in, people buying books, students organizing in Atlanta with GUYA.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00839-00383691-00384118": ">> ETHAN: I actually want to open up at this point before we lose some", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00840-00384118-00384522": "of the wonderful guests that we have here, and we're going to keep", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00841-00384522-00384699": "going on with this conversation both in a sort of open Q&A here. We're", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00842-00384699-00385004": "also going to move into my space in Civic to keep talking a little bit", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00843-00385004-00385372": "further on. But, let me just open this up a little bit. Anyone have anything", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00844-00385372-00385623": "you want to ask these remarkable folks - the students, the professors, so", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00845-00385623-00385962": "on and so forth?Don't leave me hanging her with the question cube. You", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00846-00385962-00386242": "know how much I desperately want to throw this at people within the audience.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00847-00386242-00386553": "[Laughing.]", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00848-00386553-00386779": ">> I thought it was some mic.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00849-00386779-00387104": ">> ETHAN: Thank you, Joy.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00850-00387104-00387765": ">> Thanks. Hi. I'm Joy. I'm part of the Center for Civic Media.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00851-00387765-00388212": "Earlier you mentioned that when you used the word discrimination, you", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00852-00388212-00388530": "got push back from faculty, and in my own experiences of talking about", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00853-00388530-00388858": "issues within institutions, language comes up so much in terms of what", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00854-00388858-00389297": "people are willing to engage with. So I was 1, curious about how you", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00855-00389297-00389637": "thought about the language based on the push back and what language", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00856-00389637-00390105": "you would have wanted to use.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00857-00390105-00390404": ">> ETHAN: And I'm going to cheat just for a moment and brag on Joy for a second.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00858-00390404-00390773": "Joy is a PhD student in my lab and has been doing really", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00859-00390773-00391508": "remarkable research demonstrating some in-built biases", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00860-00391508-00391940": "in computer vision systems, and this work that gets very", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00861-00391940-00392360": "tricky because it makes people uncomfortable. No one likes to be called", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00862-00392360-00392869": "out on biases built into systems, but it's incredibly important to show", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00863-00392869-00393212": "what these biases are so that people have a chance to address them", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00864-00393212-00393516": "and make those systems better. So, language and how we talk about", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00865-00393516-00394046": "this is something that's a big subject within our lab.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00866-00394046-00394448": ">> We were certainly aware that we had a limited number of", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00867-00394448-00394759": "effective scripts available to us for the public leveraging of this,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00868-00394759-00395680": "and that one of them was, frankly, do-gooder,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00869-00395680-00396034": "befuddled white teacher just wants to help the kids get books.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00870-00396034-00396832": "That had an audience, and we talked a lot about the trade-offs involved", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00871-00396832-00397316": "in playing to some of these scripts. The stand-and-deliver script that", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00872-00397316-00397702": "says that there's a category of innocent, deserving, no fault of their own", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00873-00397702-00398252": "immigrants who came here as children who are still effectively children", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00874-00398252-00399011": "and, therefore, it's not their fault, and it contra-ed the sort of insistent", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00875-00399011-00399499": "responsiblization, the illiberal narrative that whatever befalls you, you", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00876-00399499-00400073": "have asked for it. \"Here's one category of people,\" this narrative says,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00877-00400073-00400395": "\"that we can point to and say OK, we'll give them special consideration.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00878-00400395-00400906": "Right? And they're real dangers.\" I think it's true, in general, that a lot of", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00879-00400906-00401397": "the Dreamer Movement has been incredibly, ethically rigorous about", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00880-00401397-00401834": "refusing that narrative and not throwing other undocumented", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00881-00401834-00402630": "immigrants under the bus in pursuit of that particular. I think the problem", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00882-00402630-00403224": "that it sounds like you're the expert on is how the technology of raceless", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00883-00403224-00404070": "discrimination is specifically designed to make it impossible to call out", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00884-00404070-00404592": "the elephant in the room. For me, it was very important that we spent", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00885-00404592-00404976": "time with immigration history and looked at the ways that immigration", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00886-00404976-00405204": "has been specifically structured around race. Everyone's been", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00887-00405204-00405519": "completely aware of it at the time. The discussions in Congress are all", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00888-00405519-00406023": "about how can we keep the country white, and yet not use the word race", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00889-00406023-00406491": "in this legislation. And when they figure it out, they all pat each other on", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00890-00406491-00406873": "the back, over and over again. 1924. 1952. 1965. They're thrilled that", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00891-00406873-00407397": "they figured out a way to make sure that quote the unwashed Hottentots", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00892-00407397-00408080": "will not be coming here to take jobs from good, wholesome Americans. I", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00893-00408080-00408548": "think verbatim, right, out of the 65 debates. So, the challenge is", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00894-00408548-00409595": "enormous to undo and refuse not leave any space for that kind of", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00895-00409595-00410225": "deliberate erasure of what every knows is actually being talked about", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00896-00410225-00410547": "here, and I don't think any of us has an answer on that. We would", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00897-00410547-00410939": "probably be coming to you for guidance.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00898-00410939-00411298": ">> ETHAN: It's really interesting to think about the ways in which", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00899-00411298-00411741": "Freedom University managed to position itself,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00900-00411741-00412161": "I think, very successfully as oh my God. Who could be", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00901-00412161-00412505": "against, you know, college professors getting together on a Sunday.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00902-00412505-00412755": ">> The kids just want to learn.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00903-00412755-00413298": ">> ETHAN: And giving a chance for. You got me.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00904-00413298-00413532": "Right? I mean, we ended up supporting this through the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00905-00413532-00413678": "disobedience prize very much around that narrative. What's been so", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00906-00413678-00414059": "great in sort of having you here and hearing about this is the ways in", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00907-00414059-00414454": "which this was a student-led movement that essentially identified", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00908-00414454-00415053": "something that students needed and wanted and then were sort of able", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00909-00415053-00415534": "to go out and reach out to some professors who were willing to do it, but", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00910-00415534-00415968": "it was the students identifying that this was a missing part of the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00911-00415968-00416299": "experience, a part of what people were being denied at that point in time.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00912-00416299-00416713": ">> BETINA: I would like to point out to another struggle that I think youth", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00913-00416713-00417328": "movements also have and, we as organizers, organizers of", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00914-00417328-00417724": "Freedom University, and now I'm in a different organization Ulead Athens.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00915-00417724-00418353": "We still have, and it's this idea of the good immigrant and the bad immigrant and", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00916-00418353-00418971": "how these kids who want to come to MIT are the good immigrants, but", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00917-00418971-00419536": "their parents or their younger siblings who did not pass the AP test is the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00918-00419536-00420548": "bad immigrant. So, I think from the perspective of the organizer or", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00919-00420548-00420986": "coordinator of an organization that worked with undocumented", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00920-00420986-00421557": "students, that is a big struggle, and I think Ulead Athens is working on", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00921-00421557-00422548": "going around that, just by working with mixed status students and", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00922-00422548-00423166": "working with the students who were the last ones in the classroom and", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00923-00423166-00423503": "never had an advisor who said, \"Yes. You're doing well.\"", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00924-00423506-00423875": "We're going after particularly that student.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00925-00423875-00424435": ">> Because people shouldn't have to be as", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00926-00424435-00424879": "extraordinary as these two people already were at 16 and 17 and 18 in", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00927-00424879-00425383": "order simply to not wake up every day with this hang-up. God knows we", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00928-00425383-00426039": "weren't. Right? This is not about finding just the hyper-qualified,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00929-00426039-00426400": "incredible stand-out human being and the people who built this", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00930-00426400-00427052": "movement are very clear that it's not about that.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00931-00427052-00427378": ">> You do not need to be super-stellar to go to college.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00932-00427378-00427833": ">> Just to clarify, and you can add on, we weren't, I wasn't either.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00933-00427833-00428253": "The process of at least for me, I know my", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00934-00428253-00428756": "process even more, my access to my undergraduate degree which was a", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00935-00428756-00429068": "Syracuse University, another private institution, was actually a very", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00936-00429068-00429574": "strong and powerful network of transnational feminists, trans-- poly--", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00937-00429574-00429901": "there within the party who are pushing their administrators to open up a", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00938-00429901-00430318": "private fund, a grant, a private grant. So, these are happening in multiple", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00939-00430318-00430812": "levels. Right? We're not only pushing for policies against, like in the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00940-00430812-00431223": "public space. It's also happening back doors too. So like, it really, really", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00941-00431223-00431801": "means a lot for like administrators, faculties to gather up a coalition to", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00942-00431801-00432236": "come up with funding to support students if your institution doesn't", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00943-00432236-00432642": "publicly allow undocumented students to come through, so just", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00944-00432642-00433028": "recognizing that is really, really important, and advocating for students", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00945-00433028-00433440": "who does not have the 4.0 GPA, who does not have the perfect SAT", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00946-00433440-00433878": "score. I wasn't that student, but I had people who were advocating and advocating for me.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00947-00433878-00434212": ">> ETHAN: So, I'm going to come back to that question about", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00948-00434214-00434557": "what universities can do around this, and I'm going to put", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00949-00434557-00434779": "some of our friends from the admissions office on the spot, but let me", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00950-00434779-00435163": "just give you a chance to ask a question here.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00951-00435163-00435431": ">> There's a warning label on the bottom of this that says I should read the user manual", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00952-00435433-00435553": "before using it, and I want to be clear that I", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00953-00435556-00435699": "haven't read the user manua l for the microphone box.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00954-00435699-00435904": "[Laughing.]", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00955-00435904-00436178": ">> ETHAN: This is the media lab. None of us have ever read a user manual ever.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00956-00436178-00436346": "It's actually forbidden within >> They write the user manuals.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00957-00436346-00436928": ">> My name is Grif. I want to thank each of you for being here.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00958-00436928-00437272": "It's so clear that you have a lot to teach folks who are looking to", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00959-00437275-00437627": "support undocumented students, but it's also clear, listening to each", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00960-00437630-00438002": "of you that you have so much to teach folks working in higher education", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00961-00438004-00438322": "and universities across the board, and listening to you speak", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00962-00438322-00438747": "about the ways that learning needs to be found in solidarity with the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00963-00438747-00438946": "labor that it's supporting, learning through building relationships with", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00964-00438946-00439346": "drivers, the way you talked about co-constructing curriculum, embracing", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00965-00439346-00439896": "learning as a political act. You were mentioning earlier that you didn't", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00966-00439896-00440421": "know where the professors were on their scholarly journey because they", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00967-00440421-00440980": "were treating you like people. I mean, there's so much that you talked a", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00968-00440980-00441283": "bout that just seems like every university in this country is failing at.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00969-00441283-00441654": "And so, I'd just like to hear from the perspective of faculty who have", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00970-00441654-00442174": "been affiliated with big universities and also students who probably grew", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00971-00442174-00442517": "up with an understanding of what university was. What are some of the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00972-00442517-00442932": "lessons that really every university should be trying to take from your experience?", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00973-00442932-00443241": ">> ETHAN: Well, I'm actually going to merge that into a", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00974-00443241-00443674": "question that I'm going to throw to my friend Jessica, which is I'm going", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00975-00443674-00444410": "to ask her to just talk sort of briefly about what MIT is doing well around", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00976-00444410-00444744": "this, and then maybe turn this into an open question about what we feel", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00977-00444744-00445015": "like the universities that we know and love, whether we're at them now or", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00978-00445015-00445311": "whether a proud Hampshire grad, what these can be doing to sort of", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00979-00445311-00445993": "transform and work in solidarity with this movement. But Jessica, I'm", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00980-00445993-00446576": "going to ask you first if you can. So, that was a high hard one there that", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00981-00446576-00447083": "was. I more lobbed what I was going to Joy, but it's hard when you're sitting.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00982-00447083-00447411": ">> JESSICA: Do I speak into?", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00983-00447411-00447785": ">> ETHAN: Just speak.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00984-00447785-00448063": ">> JESSICA: Hi. I'm Jessica from the MIT admissions office, and first I just want to", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00985-00448063-00448393": "thank all of you for sharing your experiences and stories. They are", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00986-00448393-00448693": "incredibly humbling and inspiring for all of us to hear, so I do want to", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00987-00448693-00449161": "thank you all. As for what we're doing at MIT, MIT is one of the five", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00988-00449161-00449783": "schools in the country that offers need-blind admissions, need-based", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00989-00449783-00450077": "financial aid, and full-need financial aid to students regardless of", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00990-00450077-00450484": "citizenship. Again, that's one of five in this country. There are other", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00991-00450484-00451134": "private institutions. Some of the institutions you all named. Private", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00992-00451134-00451499": "institutions, some state institutions that will provide financial aid to", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00993-00451499-00452181": "undocumented students or a DACAmented student, but the rules around", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00994-00452181-00452688": "this are pretty inconsistent. It can be really hard to navigate and find this", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00995-00452688-00452988": "information. So, as you can imagine, there are a lot of questions that", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00996-00452988-00453283": "undocumented students have to think about that other students don't", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00997-00453283-00453716": "have to think about as they're navigating the college application process.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00998-00453716-00454180": "So, the media lab has collaborated with us over the last few months to", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-00999-00454180-00454534": "think about ways that we can mobilize resources at MIT and around", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01000-00454534-00454985": "Boston to serve local undocumented students. Obviously, Boston is a", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01001-00454985-00455229": "place that's really rich in educational resources. There are so many", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01002-00455229-00455530": "educational institutions in the area. So, we've been trying to think about", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01003-00455530-00456188": "how can we, how can we serve this population here in Boston and in the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01004-00456188-00456605": "greater Boston area. Some of the broad goals that I have for the work", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01005-00456605-00457194": "that we're doing together is to mobilize resources at MIT, to build a", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01006-00457194-00457636": "network in the greater Boston area, and to boost visibility around these", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01007-00457636-00457979": "movements and these resources. So, we've been collaborating with local", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01008-00457979-00458516": "organizations like the Student Immigrant Movement, which is a activist", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01009-00458516-00459047": "organization that serves undocumented students in local high schools.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01010-00459047-00459375": "We've been working with Unafraid Educators, which is a part of the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01011-00459375-00459742": "Boston Teachers' Union, which mobilized educators to support", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01012-00459742-00460226": "undocumented students. A program that we're putting on, or working", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01013-00460226-00460661": "with the Boston Teachers' Union to put on, is a guidance counselor", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01014-00460661-00461077": "training. They're hosting a day-long training for their guidance", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01015-00461077-00461458": "counselors in Boston public schools. We're working with them to host a", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01016-00461458-00461787": "discussion and panel around serving undocumented students, working", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01017-00461787-00462141": "with an immigration to talk about what are the options for students,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01018-00462141-00462847": "working with guidance counselors and student activists to talk about", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01019-00462847-00463108": "their journeys through the, through education and what are the options", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01020-00463108-00463573": "for students, and increasing some visibility around these issues,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01021-00463573-00464011": "knowledge around these issues, so that those guidance counselors are", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01022-00464011-00464426": "then better-empowered to work with the students in their schools.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01023-00464426-00464737": ">> ETHAN: And sort of three big ideas came up when we were talking", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01024-00464737-00465433": "earlier today. One was looking at guidance counselors a real point of", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01025-00465433-00465882": "impact on this. It was really interesting to hear both of you sort of talk", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01026-00465882-00466115": "about not getting terrific guidance from you high school guidance", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01027-00466115-00466376": "counselors about where to go and sort of how to go with this. A second", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01028-00466376-00466813": "point, and I thought this was particularly interesting, is that Chris", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01029-00466813-00467395": "Peterson, a friend of many of ours in this room, talks about the fact that", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01030-00467395-00467922": "he often ends up seeing applications from people, sometimes", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01031-00467922-00468133": "undocumented, sometimes similarly students who just didn't have as", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01032-00468133-00468560": "much of a chance in high school as some of us did, who clearly would", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01033-00468560-00468998": "be right for MIT had they taken the classes they needed to get into a", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01034-00468998-00469433": "place like MIT. And so there becomes this really interesting challenge of", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01035-00469433-00469704": "for those of us here who are grad students, for those who are", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01036-00469704-00470041": "undergrads, is there a way that we could be involved in sort of reaching", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01037-00470041-00470536": "out to populations who could have the opportunity to be here, have this", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01038-00470536-00471111": "amazing opportunity to be here, need-blind, citizenship-blind, if they had", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01039-00471111-00471511": "the qualifications. And then the third that I was really blown away by was", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01040-00471511-00472134": "this realization that in the same way that your movement was building", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01041-00472134-00472590": "everything from Teamsters trying to figure out how to drive people there", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01042-00472590-00473166": "to people protecting and people thinking about, but lawyers. We need", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01043-00473166-00473569": "lawyers. We need to help support students and their families when", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01044-00473569-00474061": "they're going through these issues, even if the students are fully", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01045-00474061-00474472": "documented, but their in a mixed family, that becomes, imagine the level", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01046-00474472-00474847": "of stress if you find yourself simultaneously trying to manage an MIT", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01047-00474847-00475212": "course load and possibly being the only person in your house who's", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01048-00475212-00475699": "bilingual, helping your parents try to figure out how to stay in the country.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01049-00475699-00476190": "For all of you, and we'll have this as the last question, what should", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01050-00476190-00476458": "universities be doing more of? What can we do better at MIT, and what", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01051-00476458-00477006": "can we push other universities that we love and care about to do better on on this issue?", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01052-00477006-00478132": ">> GUSTAVO: I think probably the thing that I haven't seen, because, you know,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01053-00478132-00478565": "I've seen schools add another tap on their website that's", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01054-00478565-00478849": "information for undocumented students. Right? And the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01055-00478849-00479226": "way that I see it, there's two sides. One side is the undocumented", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01056-00479226-00479713": "students looking to go to college. The other one is the universities.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01057-00479713-00480022": "Right? And there's a few universities that say, \"Yeah. We have some", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01058-00480022-00480391": "resources, but,\" and something you had asked earlier like, who could be", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01059-00480391-00480812": "against students learning. Right? You'd be surprised. A lot of people. A", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01060-00480812-00481228": "lot of people can be against that and are against that, and that shows,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01061-00481228-00481676": "between those two sides, those are the people that are blocking access", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01062-00481676-00482303": "to those resources, and so I think more so than just adding another tab,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01063-00482303-00482614": "more so than just creating a pamphlet, I think you need to be actively", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01064-00482614-00483176": "recruiting undocumented students because the same way that you", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01065-00483176-00483698": "actively recruit other students who have a breadth of knowledge based", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01066-00483698-00483991": "on their lived experiences, we also have something to contribute, and", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01067-00483991-00484545": "going back to your question about the biases that are written inherently", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01068-00484545-00485165": "into the system, I think that's where these knowledges, these systems of", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01069-00485165-00485562": "knowledge that we have derived from our lived experiences from our", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01070-00485562-00485976": "contacts, not just with government, but with state institutions of all", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01071-00485976-00486513": "kinds, I think we can bring those into this place, and we can make good", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01072-00486513-00487108": "things with it. But, I think, again, you need to be able to step above and", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01073-00487108-00487722": "step beyond those people that are trying to block the access by actively", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01074-00487722-00488187": "recruiting and being public about it, because not a lot of places are", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01075-00488187-00488533": "public about their admissions policies when it comes to undocumented", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01076-00488533-00488895": "students and when it comes to financial aid. And so I think that once you", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01077-00488895-00489477": "become more visible to the students who are already taking huge risk by", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01078-00489477-00490349": "becoming visible themselves I think that's the very first step that you can take.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01079-00490349-00490715": ">> KEISH: Completely agree. That's so important. That is so important.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01080-00490715-00491138": "I the that's what lacking at Harvard. Honestly though, the is a", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01081-00491138-00491536": "really interesting audience for me to speak to because oftentimes, the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01082-00491536-00491874": "things that we have to highlight is, I mean we are already in, I'm part of", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01083-00491874-00492486": "Harvard, and we're at MIT. It's already a very prestigious. You guys have a", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01084-00492486-00492888": "lot of funding and we're oftentimes talking to community college, like", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01085-00492888-00493286": "students who can't even go to afford community college. So, recognizing", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01086-00493286-00493799": "that. Recognizing that. Right? Recognizing that. I think Gustavo's point is", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01087-00493799-00494181": "really, really important for these -- institutions and private institutions", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01088-00494181-00494485": "who do have the funding to step it up. So, one thing, one sad thing to", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01089-00494485-00495128": "recognize is that once Nancy Cantor, the Syracuse chancellor left, and", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01090-00495128-00495398": "we had an administrator change, they stopped funding undocumented", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01091-00495398-00495718": "students. So, they stopped receiving undocumented students through", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01092-00495718-00496026": "their private grant. So, that's another avenue that's been closed. And a lot", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01093-00496026-00496459": "of the things that I pushed while I was there was to go public, but there", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01094-00496459-00496977": "was resistance to that. So, recognizing, and also recognizing the labor of", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01095-00496977-00497448": "Lorgia, who's not here, and all the faculties who are here, there was a lot", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01096-00497448-00497732": "of risks, a lot of labor, a lot of time that they put in on top of their", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01097-00497732-00498305": "obligation, as the only Ethnic Studies professor at UGA. The only woman", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01098-00498305-00498671": "of color. One of the few who have like how many students that they're", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01099-00498671-00499048": "advising that they had opened up their space to dedicate their time to", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01100-00499048-00499485": "make a space for Freedom University. I think that needs to happen at", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01101-00499485-00499803": "MIT. I think that needs to happen at Harvard. I think there needs to be a", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01102-00499803-00500227": "step up of investment, a coalition building, and a little bit more of", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01103-00500891-00501041": "courage to contest and to stop telling us what the rules of how complex", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01104-00501041-00501345": "these bureaucratic and academic institutions and red tapes are. We", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01105-00501345-00501665": "already know that there are red tapes.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01106-00501665-00501870": "[Laughing.]", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01107-00501870-00502181": ">> KEISH: We're asking you to step up. Administrators need to step up.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01108-00502181-00502949": "Students and grad students need to step up. I think one of the most disheartening", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01109-00502949-00503121": "things that I've actually experienced organizing at Harvard has been this", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01110-00503121-00503452": "constant separation between undergraduates and graduate students.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01111-00503452-00503730": "So, undocumented students. I'm still undocumented. I'm in the graduate", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01112-00503730-00504168": "program, but there's been a constant separation between the investment", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01113-00504168-00504505": "within the needs of undergraduate students and graduate students, and", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01114-00504505-00504841": "our needs are different, but they're still the same. Like, what does it", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01115-00504841-00505105": "mean to bring in undocumented students as graduate students? What", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01116-00505105-00505358": "does it mean for them to be teaching fellows when they don't have", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01117-00505358-00505810": "DACA?These questions need to be asked and the only ways you're", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01118-00505810-00506072": "going to get answers on the inside is as Gustavo says. Center and invite", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01119-00506072-00506452": "undocumented students and actually hear what their needs are and", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01120-00506452-00506828": "advocating for them.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01121-00506828-00507095": ">> GUSTAVO: Is there still a lot of anxieties that even", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01122-00507098-00507387": "someone who might have the perfect GPA and might have the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01123-00507387-00507792": "extracurriculars. There's a lot of anxiety because you just don't know.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01124-00507792-00508495": "You don't know. And I think that part of being public would also work on", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01125-00508495-00508922": "this other front that I think has been very, very lacking, and I don't know if", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01126-00508922-00509402": "people have actually thought about it or brought it up, but shaming these", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01127-00509402-00510329": "other institutions into coming and living in the present, right, not staying", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01128-00510329-00510538": "in the past, not staying in this way of thinking where OK education still", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01129-00510538-00510842": "needs to be segregated somehow because that makes us feel like we", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01130-00510842-00511391": "still have power over the systems that be. Right? And I think that a place", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01131-00511391-00511949": "like MIT, with the clout that it has, and if it starts being public, and if it", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01132-00511949-00512585": "starts actively recruiting undocumented students, I think that can also", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01133-00512585-00512892": "have a domino effect or a shaming effect upon these other big", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01134-00512892-00513296": "institutions to step it up themselves because if there's anything that I", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01135-00513296-00513937": "learned about higher education is that no institution wants to fall behind another institution.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01136-00513937-00514525": ">> ETHAN: So, one of the things we talked about a little bit over lunch was the ways in which", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01137-00514525-00514938": "MIT will often do things right, but very quietly.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01138-00514938-00515452": "And this is a place where we're doing things right. We", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01139-00515452-00515845": "are by being need-blind and by being citizenship-blind, that's the right step.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01140-00515845-00516373": "We need to go a step further, and we need to be open and affirming about this.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01141-00516373-00516720": "I will openly affirm that I welcome and encourage", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01142-00516720-00516994": "undocumented students to apply to my group here at the media lab. I", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01143-00516994-00517697": "hope that others will do that as well. But beyond that, this is something", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01144-00517697-00517894": "that we as MIT should have a lot of pride in. We should actually be", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01145-00517894-00518441": "talking up and actively recruiting around on a bunch of different", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01146-00518441-00519073": ">> I think all of us who inhabit more secure positions in these institutions", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01147-00519073-00519436": "need to help shift the perspective and make clear that there is not a", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01148-00519436-00520135": "neutral space. When what you're seeing, people like y'all, are carrying the", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01149-00520135-00520504": "brunt of 40 years of deliberate constriction of access to higher", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01150-00520504-00521037": "education in this country, and you can either counteract that process, or", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01151-00521037-00521658": "you can simply shrug your shoulders and enable it. But there's not", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01152-00521658-00522335": "actually, there's no moment where it holds still. This was a deliberate", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01153-00522335-00522879": "political move to make it harder for that vast expansion of education.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01154-00522879-00523472": "Everyone had a full ride in California in 1960 if they could get into", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01155-00523472-00523855": "college. Right? And that's no longer how we do that because it stopped", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01156-00523855-00524365": "being simply available to white Americans, and that was a moment", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01157-00524365-00524905": "where it started to contract. And any of us who work in these institutions", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01158-00524905-00525305": "owe it to the people who are taking the heat to figure out where our", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01159-00525305-00526269": "institution is in that history and what steps we can take from within to counteract that.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01160-00526269-00526535": ">> ETHAN: I'm going to give the last word to Betina, and then we're going to", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01161-00526535-00526897": "welcome anyone who wants to stick around. We're going", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01162-00526897-00527144": "to go and have a smaller discussion over in my space in Civic. But Betina, please.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01163-00527144-00527438": ">> BETINA: Yeah. I just want to support what Gustavo and Keish", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01164-00527441-00527719": "were saying, and I want to add to that that undocumented", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01165-00527719-00528499": "students are not a risk for an institution. They are the best. They bring in", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01166-00528499-00529199": "a lot of experience, and they turn out staying in college. In Ulead Athens,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01167-00529199-00529790": "we had helped around 50 students to get into college. From those 50, as", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01168-00529790-00530255": "far as I know, only one left. All of them are in school. They are continuing", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01169-00530255-00530742": "struggling. Some are them are taking two classes per semester, three", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01170-00530742-00531450": "classes per semester. But, they don't withdraw, and I think that is", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01171-00531450-00532142": "something that all colleges need to have into account. They are more", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01172-00532142-00532501": "secure than other students that might not finish, might not end up graduating.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01173-00532501-00533282": ">> ETHAN: So, I just want to thank my guests for coming out, talking about these issues.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01174-00533282-00533805": "I just want to congratulate you all for the incredible work that Freedom University has done.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01175-00533805-00534104": "I want to thank everyone who came out of the audience,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01176-00534104-00534477": "everyone who's watching us online. We're going to continue this conversation.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01177-00534477-00534737": "We're hoping to have a very practical conversation about what we", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01178-00534737-00535064": "can do better here in Boston for people who are still engaged with us.", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01179-00535064-00535501": "Come on over to the Civic space. We'll be there in a couple of minutes,", "Ymlz5H-oj3g-01180-00535501-00536044": "but thank you all for coming out and being part of this."}}, {"audio_id": "YmwSqEIikEU", "text": {"YmwSqEIikEU-00000-00000010-00000256": "RECEIVE THE JOINT COMMISSION'S", "YmwSqEIikEU-00001-00000256-00000263": "RECEIVE THE JOINT COMMISSION'S", "YmwSqEIikEU-00002-00000263-00000503": "RECEIVE THE JOINT COMMISSION'S GOLD SEAL OF APPROVAL.", "YmwSqEIikEU-00003-00000503-00000510": "RECEIVE THE JOINT COMMISSION'S GOLD SEAL OF APPROVAL.", "YmwSqEIikEU-00004-00000510-00000794": "RECEIVE THE JOINT COMMISSION'S GOLD SEAL OF APPROVAL. >>> FREE HEALTH AND WELLNESS", "YmwSqEIikEU-00005-00000794-00000800": "GOLD SEAL OF APPROVAL. >>> FREE HEALTH AND WELLNESS", "YmwSqEIikEU-00006-00000800-00001101": "GOLD SEAL OF APPROVAL. >>> FREE HEALTH AND WELLNESS SCREENINGS WILL BE HELD AT THE", "YmwSqEIikEU-00007-00001101-00001107": ">>> FREE HEALTH AND WELLNESS SCREENINGS WILL BE HELD AT THE", "YmwSqEIikEU-00008-00001107-00001781": ">>> FREE HEALTH AND WELLNESS SCREENINGS WILL BE HELD AT THE WEST GATE MALL IN BRAINERD NEXT", "YmwSqEIikEU-00009-00001781-00001788": "SCREENINGS WILL BE HELD AT THE WEST GATE MALL IN BRAINERD NEXT", "YmwSqEIikEU-00010-00001788-00002318": "SCREENINGS WILL BE HELD AT THE WEST GATE MALL IN BRAINERD NEXT WEEK AT THE CUYUNA REGIONAL", "YmwSqEIikEU-00011-00002318-00002325": "WEST GATE MALL IN BRAINERD NEXT WEEK AT THE CUYUNA REGIONAL", "YmwSqEIikEU-00012-00002325-00002612": "WEST GATE MALL IN BRAINERD NEXT WEEK AT THE CUYUNA REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER.", "YmwSqEIikEU-00013-00002612-00002619": "WEEK AT THE CUYUNA REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER.", "YmwSqEIikEU-00014-00002619-00002952": "WEEK AT THE CUYUNA REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER. SCREENINGS INCLUDE A BLOOD DRAW", "YmwSqEIikEU-00015-00002952-00002959": "MEDICAL CENTER. SCREENINGS INCLUDE A BLOOD DRAW", "YmwSqEIikEU-00016-00002959-00003496": "MEDICAL CENTER. SCREENINGS INCLUDE A BLOOD DRAW FOR CHOLESTEROL AND GLUCOSE", "YmwSqEIikEU-00017-00003496-00003503": "SCREENINGS INCLUDE A BLOOD DRAW FOR CHOLESTEROL AND GLUCOSE", "YmwSqEIikEU-00018-00003503-00003533": "SCREENINGS INCLUDE A BLOOD DRAW FOR CHOLESTEROL AND GLUCOSE LEVELS.", "YmwSqEIikEU-00019-00003533-00003540": "FOR CHOLESTEROL AND GLUCOSE LEVELS.", "YmwSqEIikEU-00020-00003540-00003786": "FOR CHOLESTEROL AND GLUCOSE LEVELS. >> PATIENTS COME IN FOR", "YmwSqEIikEU-00021-00003786-00003793": "LEVELS. >> PATIENTS COME IN FOR", "YmwSqEIikEU-00022-00003793-00004137": "LEVELS. >> PATIENTS COME IN FOR SCREENINGS, WE GET THEIR VITAL", "YmwSqEIikEU-00023-00004137-00004144": ">> PATIENTS COME IN FOR SCREENINGS, WE GET THEIR VITAL", "YmwSqEIikEU-00024-00004144-00004427": ">> PATIENTS COME IN FOR SCREENINGS, WE GET THEIR VITAL SIGNS SO THE WE DO HEIGHT,", "YmwSqEIikEU-00025-00004427-00004434": "SCREENINGS, WE GET THEIR VITAL SIGNS SO THE WE DO HEIGHT,", "YmwSqEIikEU-00026-00004434-00004734": "SCREENINGS, WE GET THEIR VITAL SIGNS SO THE WE DO HEIGHT, WEIGHT, BMI, BLOOD PRESSURE, AND", "YmwSqEIikEU-00027-00004734-00004741": "SIGNS SO THE WE DO HEIGHT, WEIGHT, BMI, BLOOD PRESSURE, AND", "YmwSqEIikEU-00028-00004741-00005345": "SIGNS SO THE WE DO HEIGHT, WEIGHT, BMI, BLOOD PRESSURE, AND WE DO A LAB DRAW, GIVING YOU", "YmwSqEIikEU-00029-00005345-00005352": "WEIGHT, BMI, BLOOD PRESSURE, AND WE DO A LAB DRAW, GIVING YOU", "YmwSqEIikEU-00030-00005352-00005438": "WEIGHT, BMI, BLOOD PRESSURE, AND WE DO A LAB DRAW, GIVING YOU YOUR LIPID PANEL.", "YmwSqEIikEU-00031-00005438-00005445": "WE DO A LAB DRAW, GIVING YOU YOUR LIPID PANEL.", "YmwSqEIikEU-00032-00005445-00005712": "WE DO A LAB DRAW, GIVING YOU YOUR LIPID PANEL. >> THE WOMEN WILL SHOW UP AT THE", "YmwSqEIikEU-00033-00005712-00005719": "YOUR LIPID PANEL. >> THE WOMEN WILL SHOW UP AT THE", "YmwSqEIikEU-00034-00005719-00005939": "YOUR LIPID PANEL. >> THE WOMEN WILL SHOW UP AT THE EVENT FEBRUARY 2ND TO GET EVENTS", "YmwSqEIikEU-00035-00005939-00005945": ">> THE WOMEN WILL SHOW UP AT THE EVENT FEBRUARY 2ND TO GET EVENTS", "YmwSqEIikEU-00036-00005945-00006096": ">> THE WOMEN WILL SHOW UP AT THE EVENT FEBRUARY 2ND TO GET EVENTS AND AN OPPORTUNITY TO SIT DOWN", "YmwSqEIikEU-00037-00006096-00006102": "EVENT FEBRUARY 2ND TO GET EVENTS AND AN OPPORTUNITY TO SIT DOWN", "YmwSqEIikEU-00038-00006102-00006349": "EVENT FEBRUARY 2ND TO GET EVENTS AND AN OPPORTUNITY TO SIT DOWN AND TALK WITH OUR HEALTH CARE", "YmwSqEIikEU-00039-00006349-00006356": "AND AN OPPORTUNITY TO SIT DOWN AND TALK WITH OUR HEALTH CARE", "YmwSqEIikEU-00040-00006356-00006393": "AND AN OPPORTUNITY TO SIT DOWN AND TALK WITH OUR HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS.", "YmwSqEIikEU-00041-00006393-00006399": "AND TALK WITH OUR HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS.", "YmwSqEIikEU-00042-00006399-00006623": "AND TALK WITH OUR HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS. >> SCREENING RESULTS WILL BE", "YmwSqEIikEU-00043-00006623-00006629": "PROVIDERS. >> SCREENING RESULTS WILL BE", "YmwSqEIikEU-00044-00006629-00006683": "PROVIDERS. >> SCREENING RESULTS WILL BE AVAILABLE ON THURSDAY, FEBRUARY"}}, {"audio_id": "YmBQ8sZkWEQ", "text": {"YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00000-00001328-00001912": "Today, I'm going to compare two iPad case from Lab. C!", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00001-00002130-00002652": "I have used this case more than 1 year.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00002-00002742-00003347": "Two months ago, I changed to this pink case.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00003-00003347-00004050": "Later, I will tell how these two cases are different.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00004-00004340-00004572": "* Slim fit case *", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00005-00004752-00005008": "* Macaron case *", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00006-00005150-00005730": "This product has been released since I bought iPad pro3.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00007-00006152-00006600": "This box includes other colors of slim fit case!", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00008-00006650-00006886": "Let's open!", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00009-00008114-00008422": "I got these three products.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00010-00008422-00009246": "These two are navy and black color slim fit case.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00011-00009528-00009968": "There were red, navy, and black color that I could buy,", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00012-00009968-00010428": "and I picked red one at first.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00013-00010822-00011194": "But sometimes I worried about the stain.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00014-00011196-00011870": "So navy and black color will be better if you want to keep the case clean!", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00015-00013176-00013578": "Navy color is little bit darker than I thought.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00016-00013652-00014186": "Real color is darker than the color that you can see in the screen.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00017-00014654-00015228": "Surface of slim fit case is not very soft. It's little bit rough!", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00018-00015447-00015930": "I will show you how this surface is different from macaron case later.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00019-00016006-00016356": "I'll open black colored case, too.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00020-00017368-00017876": "This color looks luxurious! :)", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00021-00017892-00018230": "Surface texture is similar to that of black wallet.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00022-00018250-00018704": "I think this kind of texture makes black color more luxurious.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00023-00019020-00019384": "There are three colors of slim fit case.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00024-00019458-00019968": "Also, the color of macaron case is 'pink sand'.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00025-00019976-00020442": "There are other colors, and most of them are pastel.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00026-00021026-00021460": "Also I got Lab. C sketch film.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00027-00021460-00022270": "I wanted to feel like writing on real paper or notebook, so I picked this one.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00028-00022522-00023036": "When I used apple pencil on this sketch film, I felt very comfortable!", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00029-00023644-00029000": "* Talking about Lab. C promotion *", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00030-00029542-00030600": "* You can skip to 5:07 *", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00031-00030662-00031818": "From now on, I will compare these two cases!", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00032-00031930-00032230": "This is red colored slim fit case which I have used for more than 1 year.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00033-00032238-00032550": "As I mentioned earlier, surface of this model is rough.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00034-00032576-00033114": "This macaron case has very soft surface.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00035-00033524-00034010": "Slim fit case is better for stable grip.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00036-00034024-00034650": "If you like this soft feeling, then I recommend this macaron case.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00037-00034762-00035336": "Weakness of this macaron case is that it can be dirty easily.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00038-00035378-00035856": "However, even though I have used slim fit case for quite a long time,", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00039-00035856-00036378": "there was no stain!", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00040-00036718-00037226": "Also, there was no handprint left on the case.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00041-00037380-00037830": "Texture inside here is superfine fibre.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00042-00037990-00038578": "So I don't have to worry about dirt or scar on the screen!", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00043-00039234-00039686": "One more thing I was satisfied with Lab. C case is that", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00044-00039702-00040332": "I can use this case while holding apple pencil beside iPad.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00045-00040720-00041480": "Fortunately, this pencil never got out of the case!", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00046-00041480-00041746": "I guess this case protects iPad well. :)", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00047-00042014-00042456": "This pad protects back side of iPad.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00048-00042478-00043246": "This pad is hard but the surface is soft, so I don't need any protective film on back side.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00049-00043688-00044084": "There were few things I was sad about this macaron case.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00050-00044084-00044342": "1. It gets dirty easily (compared to slim fit case).", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00051-00044342-00045082": "2. It's easy to have scar on the case with nail or sharp products.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00052-00045118-00045736": "If you want the case to be clean, then I recommend slim fit case.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00053-00045736-00046782": "However, if you like this soft surface and bright, pastel tone color, then macaron case will be better!", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00054-00046882-00047692": "There are more various colors, so you can buy the one you like it.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00055-00048062-00048310": "One more strength of Lab. C case is that", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00056-00048326-00048726": "magnet of the case don't get weak!", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00057-00049038-00049488": "While closing, magnet inside here makes the cover close automatically.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00058-00049578-00050246": "When I watch videos or just read articles, I set aside this case at a high angle.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00059-00050424-00051192": "Also, I lower the angle when I want to take notes using apple pencil.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00060-00051216-00051800": "This position makes my neck and wrist comfortable while writing.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00061-00052017-00052482": "It's available to change angles, so it's so useful!", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00062-00052712-00053158": "I think I will use these cases often in the future, too. :D", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00063-00053620-00054328": "I usually put iPad(with case on) in this cute bread pouch.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00064-00054438-00054916": "Sometimes, this is little bit heavy when I put in the bag.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00065-00054960-00055436": "So when I don't want to go out with heavy bag,", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00066-00055440-00055752": "I take out only iPad with case on.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00067-00055920-00056422": "In those cases, slim fit cases will be better.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00068-00056488-00057270": "Then I don't have to worry about dirt or scar on the case!", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00069-00057546-00057762": "This is the end of the video.", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00070-00057766-00058102": "Next time, I will come back with other iPad accessory unboxing video! ❤️", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00071-00058128-00058354": "Thank you a lot! XD", "YmBQ8sZkWEQ-00072-00058784-00062500": "* Thank you for watching my video. Subscribe & Likes will make me so happy! :D *"}}, {"audio_id": "YmI-Hw1Rnv0", "text": {"YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00000-00000001-00000404": "♫ ♫", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00001-00000405-00000805": "I'm Tim Herrera with the Sacramento County Office of Education, here with", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00002-00000807-00001206": "another Teacher of the Year profile. We're speaking with Donna McNeel, who is one", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00003-00001208-00001607": "of two Teachers of the Year from the Elk Grove Unified School District.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00004-00001610-00002009": "So, tell us a little bit about yourself. Tell us where you teach and what you teach.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00005-00002011-00002414": "Okay. Well, it's an honor to be here. Thank you. I teach at", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00006-00002416-00002819": "Katherine Albiani Middle School in the Elk Grove Unified School District. Last year, I completed", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00007-00002821-00003222": "my first year at Katherine Albiani. I taught at T.R. Smedberg Middle School for", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00008-00003224-00003625": "13 years. I teach history, reading,", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00009-00003627-00004027": "and the majority of my time is activities director", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00010-00004029-00004436": "where I work in many facets. So, what does an activities director do?", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00011-00004438-00004841": "Well, we are basically the social", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00012-00004843-00005245": "director of a middle school, but, we do do dances,", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00013-00005247-00005648": "assemblies, rallies, incentive programs. But I like to take it", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00014-00005650-00006050": "and think my job is a little bit more serious than dances and rallies. But we", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00015-00006052-00006455": "are the persons that are out there creating the culture and the climate", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00016-00006456-00006859": "for our schools so our kids feel safe,", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00017-00006862-00007263": "our teachers feel supported, our administrators feel supported.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00018-00007265-00007668": "Just creating that culture environment where kids love to come to school and", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00019-00007670-00008070": "have something to celebrate. So, it's a lot like teaching leadership.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00020-00008072-00008477": "It's kind of the same thing. Yes. I teach a leadership class. That is an elective I also teach.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00021-00008479-00008883": "So I get to mold and shape these students that want to give back to their", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00022-00008885-00009286": "school and want to create exciting", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00023-00009288-00009691": "programs at school. And so, I get to meet them every day. And we get to plan", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00024-00009693-00010093": "and brainstorm and say, \"How can we engage your friends at school?", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00025-00010095-00010499": "What do they want to happen? What kind of incentives do we need to make happen", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00026-00010501-00010904": "at campus so they'll get their grades up? Or what should we do just to give back to the students", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00027-00010906-00011308": "They're doing great in the classroom. They're making good choices. What should we", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00028-00011310-00011711": "do for them?\" So, we brainstorm and come up with lots of great ways", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00029-00011713-00012112": "and work with our community to reward students for making good choices.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00030-00012114-00012516": "So, why -- explain why it's so important to", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00031-00012518-00012922": "teach leadership? Well, studies find that students", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00032-00012924-00013327": "that are connected to schools, they come to school more often.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00033-00013329-00013731": "They do better academically. Teachers", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00034-00013733-00014134": "-- they behave better in classes. So, I think teaching students leadership", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00035-00014136-00014535": "-- it's in them, but they don't really quite", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00036-00014537-00014941": "know it yet. But cultivating that desire,", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00037-00014943-00015347": "that seed that's down deep inside. And how they can be a leader. And their concept of leadership", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00038-00015350-00015751": "is not really understanding that being a leader is serving your campus", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00039-00015753-00016156": "and doing things that are helping others. So, their form of leadership", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00040-00016158-00016557": "is a little different. You know, like, everybody follows them, but give them a purpose", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00041-00016559-00016964": "to follow. So, I think teaching leadership is great and middle school is the perfect", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00042-00016966-00017366": "time because they're so impressionable. They don't know -- quite know -- everything yet", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00043-00017368-00017773": "or think they know quite -- you know -- everything like high school students make. Yeah.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00044-00017775-00018176": "So, what kind of progression do you see in a student in a leadership class from day one until", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00045-00018178-00018579": "the final day? Well, that is great. Because a lot of times, students", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00046-00018581-00018982": "think a leader should be somebody that's outgoing or outspoken or", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00047-00018984-00019388": "not shy. But I have found that the best leaders that I have", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00048-00019390-00019793": "are the students that are maybe shy, but they're diligent,", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00049-00019795-00020195": "they're hard working, and they may be shy.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00050-00020197-00020597": "And at -- the progression over that year is you see them blossom like a little", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00051-00020599-00021005": "flower. They blossom. They come out. And, at the beginning of the year, they would not", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00052-00021007-00021411": "stand up and say a speech. But, by the end of the year, they're directing, they're in charge of", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00053-00021413-00021812": "their committee. They're telling kids what to do, how to set up for things. It is just", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00054-00021814-00022217": "-- or their parents will be like, \"I never thought my kid would ever get on stage and talk.\" And here they are.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00055-00022219-00022618": "So, I think it's just opening up a platform or an opportunity", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00056-00022620-00023028": "for kids to be like this. This is a safe place. I can learn to grow.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00057-00023030-00023435": "I can do this. You know, within 9 months, I can do this. So, I think it's really important", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00058-00023437-00023840": "to build that. Or for them to find that desire.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00059-00023842-00024243": "If they do try this program and they're like, \"Nah, this is just not for me.\" You know. There's -- not", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00060-00024245-00024644": "every story is a success in there, too. Right, but you're teaching -- helping", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00061-00024646-00025045": "helping with the confidence? Absolutely. Absolutely.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00062-00025047-00025453": "So, now, you teach reading and history and a few other things too... At Albiani, I teach reading", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00063-00025455-00025856": "and history. I did, at Smedberg, teach yearbook, too.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00064-00025858-00026261": "Which was really fun, too. Another way of being a middle schooler", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00065-00026263-00026662": "and able to publish your own book when you're 12 years old. That's pretty exciting", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00066-00026664-00027064": "stuff to do. That's a big step. It is great.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00067-00027066-00027470": "So, how many years have you taught now? I'm going into my 17th year of teaching.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00068-00027473-00027872": "Okay. What kind of changes have you seen over that time? That's a", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00069-00027874-00028275": "long time. Yes, it is a long time.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00070-00028277-00028677": "I've seen many changes. When I first moved to California -- I came here from Ohio --", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00071-00028680-00029079": "I first taught in Ohio,", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00072-00029081-00029487": "education had lots of funding. Lots of money. Oh, you're a teacher from the midwest.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00073-00029489-00029893": "You know -- I mean lots of jobs -- it was not hard to find a job", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00074-00029895-00030297": "in California. So, to come now, where", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00075-00030299-00030700": "we are in a time where", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00076-00030702-00031102": "we're struggling for finances and supporting -- teachers being pink slipped", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00077-00031104-00031508": "or a shortage of jobs, I think it has evolved a lot.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00078-00031510-00031908": "I think students are the same. I think the needs are the same, except", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00079-00031911-00032316": "there are -- the need is bigger for students.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00080-00032318-00032719": "The main thing, right now, in education, I think, that's changed so much for me", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00081-00032720-00033122": "personally is social media is huge in my middle school.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00082-00033124-00033523": "I think social media when I was in middle school -- and think of all the problems that I had", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00083-00033525-00033929": "to deal with in middle school -- and now they deal with those same things plus social media.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00084-00033931-00034335": "I think it's huge. That's, like, the biggest, I think, challenge", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00085-00034337-00034739": "for parents and teachers is that. Well, another challenge that's new now", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00086-00034741-00035141": "is the Common Core. And making that work. Yes, Common Core.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00087-00035143-00035542": "What are your thoughts? Well, I feel very confident in transitioning.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00088-00035544-00035948": "I think my administrator at my school, I think Elk Grove Unified", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00089-00035950-00036353": "District is doing a great job preparing us. We've already", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00090-00036355-00036754": "from years -- from last year and the year before preparing us for this transition, so", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00091-00036756-00037155": "I don't think -- the exciting thing is the teachers that I teach with, they're doing", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00092-00037157-00037556": "a lot of things right already that are in the Common Core spectrum.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00093-00037558-00037964": "I mean, so that's encouraging that I'm with a team of teachers that", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00094-00037966-00038368": "are doing it right and already in that process.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00095-00038370-00038771": "So, I think it's exciting. I think any way we can change", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00096-00038773-00039173": "and learn and better our teaching ability, I think it's a great opportunity for us.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00097-00039175-00039574": "Opportunity and a challenge at the same time. And challenge -- it's going to be challenging to transition", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00098-00039576-00039980": "our curriculum. But, like I said, I think a lot of teachers out there are already doing great things", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00099-00039982-00040385": "that are inline with Core Standards and Core Curriculum.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00100-00040387-00040790": "So, I think it's a good thing. Because it's not just, \"Here's the answer.\"", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00101-00040792-00041194": "It's, \"Here's the answer, here's how I got it, let's talk about it.\" Right. And a lot of us, even though we", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00102-00041196-00041595": "do standardized testing, we assess our students in many ways. And one of that", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00103-00041597-00042001": "is writing. If you truly want to know how your student is comprehending", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00104-00042003-00042406": "and knowing what you're talking about, it's through writing. And that is", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00105-00042408-00042810": "huge in Core Curriculum. And I think that that's exciting. Because you and I both", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00106-00042812-00043212": "know when we get out in the real world, we have to do writing. We have to express ourselves.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00107-00043214-00043615": "And defend our answers. Or defend our opinions.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00108-00043617-00044023": "So, I think it's a good thing that we are moving that way. So, why did you become a teacher? What", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00109-00044025-00044428": "brought you to the profession? Well, I wish I could stand before you and", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00110-00044430-00044833": "say there's all these teachers that inspired me. Which, there were teachers that inspired me.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00111-00044835-00045238": "But I remember being in high school, looking to teachers for the answer.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00112-00045240-00045640": "And trying to connect with them. And they didn't. They didn't see the opportunity", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00113-00045642-00046049": "of connecting with students. Fortunately, I had a family that", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00114-00046051-00046455": "was very supportive. Neither one of my parents went to college", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00115-00046457-00046859": "as a teacher. I mean, college, period. So, college was not an option.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00116-00046861-00047263": "You are going to college. Whatever you want to do, you are going to college. So they", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00117-00047265-00047665": "were very supportive of me. And I told them, I go, \"I want to teach.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00118-00047667-00048066": "That's what I want to do. I want to get up every morning and have an opportunity to", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00119-00048068-00048471": "inspire students.\" And I get to do that. I have the best job.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00120-00048473-00048877": "So what motivates you? My students.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00121-00048879-00049283": "Definitely. Education is not boring. It can be fun.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00122-00049285-00049685": "Learning is fun. Middle school kids never", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00123-00049687-00050086": "-- every day is different. There's never the same day. Never a dull day.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00124-00050088-00050494": "And so, who knows what could come. So, my students inspire me.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00125-00050496-00050899": "They -- I learn from them greatly. And, also, the", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00126-00050901-00051303": "team of teachers that I teach with. Whether it was at Smedberg or Albiani, I'm", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00127-00051304-00051705": "very fortunate to be able to teach with a group of teachers that", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00128-00051708-00052109": "are good at what they do. Well, not good, great at what they do.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00129-00052111-00052510": "What would you say to someone who's thinking about being a teacher? Give us your sales pitch.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00130-00052512-00052916": "Okay. If you don't want to work hard, don't be a teacher.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00131-00052919-00053321": "But, if you want a job that's rewarding and fulfilling,", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00132-00053323-00053724": "and immediate gratification,", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00133-00053726-00054126": "you know, be a teacher. It's a great job.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00134-00054128-00054527": "And you get to start over every year.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00135-00054529-00054932": "\"Okay, how can I better this?\" I mean, not very many jobs out there where you get to start over and", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00136-00054934-00055337": "say, \"Okay, I'm going to do it better than I did last year.\"", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00137-00055339-00055739": "And that's what I would say. If you don't want to work hard, don't do it. But if you want to be", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00138-00055741-00056141": "fulfilled -- I think if you find something that makes you happy,", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00139-00056144-00056549": "and if you find something that you're good at, and", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00140-00056551-00056957": "if you find something that fulfills you and inspires you and you like doing,", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00141-00056959-00057363": "I think you should do it. That's what I do with teaching. And finally, what are your thoughts on being a", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00142-00057365-00057766": "Teacher of the Year? I'm very humbled. I would never thought I", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00143-00057769-00058169": "-- like I said, I know many teachers that should be sitting here.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00144-00058171-00058570": "So, I'm very shocked. But I'm very honored and privileged.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00145-00058572-00058975": "And take great responsibility with that.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00146-00058977-00059383": "Well, congratulations to you. We appreciate you joining us. Thank you.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00147-00059385-00059789": "We've been speaking with Donna McNeel who is one of two Teachers of the Year from the Elk Grove Unified School District. Thanks for being with us.", "YmI-Hw1Rnv0-00148-00059791-00060338": "Thank you very much."}}, {"audio_id": "YmbCBswsvFU", "text": {"YmbCBswsvFU-00000-00000349-00000967": "The National Archives Catalog is our online portal to the records held at the National Archives and", "YmbCBswsvFU-00001-00000967-00001471": "information about those records. It's our main way of describing our holdings so that you can", "YmbCBswsvFU-00002-00001471-00001996": "learn about what we have. The Catalog is also how we provide access to electronic records and", "YmbCBswsvFU-00003-00001996-00002452": "digitized versions of our holdings. So it's a great resource even if you're unable to visit", "YmbCBswsvFU-00004-00002452-00003004": "a facility in person. An important thing to understand is that only a small percentage", "YmbCBswsvFU-00005-00003004-00003465": "of our holdings are available online. Not every page of records we have at the National Archives", "YmbCBswsvFU-00006-00003465-00004057": "is in our Catalog. Our Catalog also searches across multiple National Archives resources at", "YmbCBswsvFU-00007-00004057-00004594": "once. So performing a search will often retrieve digital files of records, record descriptions,", "YmbCBswsvFU-00008-00004594-00005197": "but also web pages, blog posts, and Presidential Library websites. The other exciting feature of", "YmbCBswsvFU-00009-00005197-00005680": "our Catalog is that it allows you to participate in enhancing historical records through tagging,", "YmbCBswsvFU-00010-00005680-00006292": "transcription, and commenting. I first want to explain how records are organized or arranged", "YmbCBswsvFU-00011-00006292-00006817": "at the National Archives. We call this record hierarchy. Understanding the hierarchy of the", "YmbCBswsvFU-00012-00006817-00007255": "types of descriptions you see in the Catalog will help you get a feel for how records are organized", "YmbCBswsvFU-00013-00007255-00007798": "and will also help you search for and identify them when you see them in the Catalog. And when", "YmbCBswsvFU-00014-00007798-00008320": "you find a document of interest it can help you find more like it. I like to think of the National", "YmbCBswsvFU-00015-00008320-00008782": "Archives as the nation's filing cabinet, which can be a helpful way to visualize how we organize", "YmbCBswsvFU-00016-00008782-00009394": "records. At the very top of the hierarchy, we have Record Groups. Each Record Group comprises", "YmbCBswsvFU-00017-00009394-00009934": "the records of a major government entity: usually a bureau or an independent agency that created", "YmbCBswsvFU-00018-00009934-00010561": "or maintained these records. For example, Record Group 255 is records of the National Aeronautics", "YmbCBswsvFU-00019-00010561-00011134": "and Space Administration. It might be helpful to think of a Record Group as an entire file cabinet.", "YmbCBswsvFU-00020-00011134-00011671": "It has many different drawers and folders and items within those drawers, but the records are", "YmbCBswsvFU-00021-00011671-00012184": "united by the Federal agency that created or maintained those records. This is the largest", "YmbCBswsvFU-00022-00012184-00012760": "bucket and a very high level grouping of records. Another thing to note is that records within one", "YmbCBswsvFU-00023-00012760-00013240": "record group are not always found in the same location. The National Archives is not just in", "YmbCBswsvFU-00024-00013240-00013735": "Washington DC. We have various regional archives and Presidential Libraries across the country,", "YmbCBswsvFU-00025-00013735-00014434": "and records within a Record Group may be held at one or more of those locations. The next level in", "YmbCBswsvFU-00026-00014434-00015010": "our hierarchy is Series, which further organizes records of a government agency. You can think of a", "YmbCBswsvFU-00027-00015010-00015550": "series as a drawer within a file cabinet. Records that have the same function or were created by the", "YmbCBswsvFU-00028-00015550-00016153": "same activity are in a Series together. An example of a Series is \"Mission Photographs Taken During", "YmbCBswsvFU-00029-00016153-00016927": "the Space Shuttle Program, 1981 to 2011,\" which is part of Record Group 255: Records of NASA. A", "YmbCBswsvFU-00030-00016927-00017506": "Series can be one box, or it could be thousands of boxes. You can find the extent of a series", "YmbCBswsvFU-00031-00017506-00018124": "by looking at its Catalog description. 95% of our records are described at the series level.", "YmbCBswsvFU-00032-00018124-00018655": "This means you can find out basic information about the records including how big it is: from", "YmbCBswsvFU-00033-00018655-00019198": "a few linear inches, to thousands of linear feet, from its description in the Catalog. You can also", "YmbCBswsvFU-00034-00019198-00019786": "find out where the records are located. A File Unit is the next smaller level in our hierarchy.", "YmbCBswsvFU-00035-00019786-00020296": "You can think of file units as folders within a drawer. They're not always just one folder;", "YmbCBswsvFU-00036-00020296-00020743": "sometimes the records may need to be housed in multiple folders. A file unit could even", "YmbCBswsvFU-00037-00020743-00021409": "be a bound volume. An example of file unit is \"STS 47\" which was the 50th space shuttle", "YmbCBswsvFU-00038-00021409-00022021": "mission of the program. An item is the lowest level of description we have. It represents an", "YmbCBswsvFU-00039-00022021-00022537": "individual archival record and all the pages that make it up. Items can be letters, memos,", "YmbCBswsvFU-00040-00022537-00023200": "reports, or photographs and they could also be sound recordings or films. For example,", "YmbCBswsvFU-00041-00023200-00023974": "this photograph in our Catalog of astronaut Mae Jemison is one item within the file unit \"STS 47\"", "YmbCBswsvFU-00042-00023974-00024517": "from the series \"Mission Photographs Taken During the Space Shuttle Program\" which is part of Record", "YmbCBswsvFU-00043-00024517-00025198": "Group 255: Records of NASA. You can always see this record hierarchy here in our Catalog. When", "YmbCBswsvFU-00044-00025198-00025567": "you're looking at a description, you'll notice the hierarchy in the upper left hand corner.", "YmbCBswsvFU-00045-00025567-00026176": "This shows you where the item lives within the hierarchy I just discussed. Each level is a link,", "YmbCBswsvFU-00046-00026176-00026662": "so clicking on each of these links will allow you to back up to the record group, or series,", "YmbCBswsvFU-00047-00026662-00027189": "or file unit where you can find more information. For instance, if you want to find more records", "YmbCBswsvFU-00048-00027189-00027610": "like that when you're looking at, backup to the file unit or series where you can find similar", "YmbCBswsvFU-00049-00027610-00028597": "records. The holdings of the National Archives are growing all the time and we're adding more digital", "YmbCBswsvFU-00050-00028597-00029064": "objects to our Catalog each week so you're likely to find something new every time you search."}}, {"audio_id": "Yn74nAEJ-Z8", "text": {"Yn74nAEJ-Z8-00000-00000019-00005825": "#short"}}, {"audio_id": "YnftNR7qBzy", "text": {"YnftNR7qBzy-00000-00000967-00001384": "we will now look at how we go about choosing a core router", "YnftNR7qBzy-00001-00001384-00001711": "for our campus and as we do with the", "YnftNR7qBzy-00002-00001711-00002048": "switches we'll look at the essential features first", "YnftNR7qBzy-00003-00002048-00002519": "first off we need lots of fiber ports and these fiber ports would either be", "YnftNR7qBzy-00004-00002519-00003127": "one gig or 10 gig so sfp or sfp plus in fact some campuses", "YnftNR7qBzy-00005-00003127-00003655": "now looking at even 25 gig 40 gig or even 100 gig", "YnftNR7qBzy-00006-00003655-00004055": "as the price of those ports starts reducing", "YnftNR7qBzy-00007-00004055-00004560": "we want to have robust line rate routing so they are three forwarding", "YnftNR7qBzy-00008-00004560-00005087": "supporting ipv4 and ipv6 as well as static routes", "YnftNR7qBzy-00009-00005087-00005792": "we need sufficient arp for ipv4 and neighbor discovery protocol for ipv6", "YnftNR7qBzy-00010-00005792-00006207": "we need dhcp relay or dhcp helper depending on what the", "YnftNR7qBzy-00011-00006207-00006576": "vendor calls it and we need proper management using", "YnftNR7qBzy-00012-00006576-00007023": "secure shell snmp version 2 or preferably snmp", "YnftNR7qBzy-00013-00007023-00007688": "version 3. for routing protocols at least ospf and that includes ospf v2", "YnftNR7qBzy-00014-00007688-00008384": "and ospfv3 or isis we also have some optional features", "YnftNR7qBzy-00015-00008384-00008615": "probably quite desirable features to have", "YnftNR7qBzy-00016-00008615-00008943": "but not show stoppers if you don't get them", "YnftNR7qBzy-00017-00008943-00009472": "but try and include these in your campus core router specification as well", "YnftNR7qBzy-00018-00009472-00010168": "so first off having hsrp or vrrp would be quite useful", "YnftNR7qBzy-00019-00010168-00010624": "hsrp stands for hot standby routing protocol", "YnftNR7qBzy-00020-00010624-00011296": "vrrp is the standard version virtual router redundancy protocol", "YnftNR7qBzy-00021-00011296-00011864": "this allows two routers to act as the default gateway on a single lan", "YnftNR7qBzy-00022-00011864-00012279": "these two routers negotiate who is access the default gateway", "YnftNR7qBzy-00023-00012279-00012704": "with one in active mode and the other one in passive mode", "YnftNR7qBzy-00024-00012704-00013184": "as you know an end user device cannot be configured with two default gateways", "YnftNR7qBzy-00025-00013184-00013856": "so hsrp or vrrp allows two routers to act as the default", "YnftNR7qBzy-00026-00013856-00014344": "gateway for each campus lan in the case that one router fails the", "YnftNR7qBzy-00027-00014344-00014656": "other one carries on providing the default gateway", "YnftNR7qBzy-00028-00014656-00015223": "support having a mirror or span port is also very useful", "YnftNR7qBzy-00029-00015223-00015600": "this port allows you to basically duplicate traffic going through a", "YnftNR7qBzy-00030-00015600-00016072": "particular user port you may want to do this for further", "YnftNR7qBzy-00031-00016072-00016344": "inspection it could be a denial of service attack", "YnftNR7qBzy-00032-00016344-00016656": "or some other malicious activity happening on the network", "YnftNR7qBzy-00033-00016656-00017056": "that you want to investigate more closely without actually disrupting", "YnftNR7qBzy-00034-00017056-00017776": "the traffic flow between end systems and then what about hardware redundancy", "YnftNR7qBzy-00035-00017776-00018104": "vendors heavily promote hardware redundancy such", "YnftNR7qBzy-00036-00018104-00018615": "as dual power supplies dual route processors dual line cards", "YnftNR7qBzy-00037-00018615-00019087": "and so forth but if you think about it would you actually be better buying a", "YnftNR7qBzy-00038-00019087-00019487": "second device you could buy a super redundant device", "YnftNR7qBzy-00039-00019487-00020000": "as the slide shows dual route processor redundant line cars", "YnftNR7qBzy-00040-00020000-00020415": "dual power supplies and so forth what happens when the chassis fails and", "YnftNR7qBzy-00041-00020415-00020823": "these are not unknown either what would you do then your super", "YnftNR7qBzy-00042-00020823-00021312": "redundant devices no just now a chunk of metal no use to", "YnftNR7qBzy-00043-00021312-00021679": "the campus at all and the redundancy features have not", "YnftNR7qBzy-00044-00021679-00022144": "helped you at all it's quite often a lot better to buy two", "YnftNR7qBzy-00045-00022144-00022631": "less redundant devices so buying a core router with its own", "YnftNR7qBzy-00046-00022631-00023104": "route processor sufficient line cards for the users or", "YnftNR7qBzy-00047-00023104-00023295": "the distribution switches that are", "YnftNR7qBzy-00048-00023295-00023640": "connecting to it and a single power supply", "YnftNR7qBzy-00049-00023640-00024040": "in fact these days most devices you buy end up with dual power supplies in any", "YnftNR7qBzy-00050-00024040-00024359": "case but having two less redundant device", "YnftNR7qBzy-00051-00024359-00024792": "that you're running 50 capacity means that if one fails", "YnftNR7qBzy-00052-00024792-00025256": "you simply move the other connections on the failed device", "YnftNR7qBzy-00053-00025256-00025888": "onto the other router you run both non-redundant devices live", "YnftNR7qBzy-00054-00025888-00026263": "live so everything is tested and in emergency as i was saying you can", "YnftNR7qBzy-00055-00026263-00026504": "just move key users over to the other side", "YnftNR7qBzy-00056-00026504-00026912": "or if you have sufficient capacity you can move all of them", "YnftNR7qBzy-00057-00026912-00027383": "key buildings could be dual homed and this is where ospf comes in", "YnftNR7qBzy-00058-00027383-00027919": "and hsrp or vrrp as i mentioned earlier", "YnftNR7qBzy-00059-00028000-00028647": "another piece of advice is don't spend too much in fact many edge layer 3", "YnftNR7qBzy-00060-00028647-00029024": "switches will make fine campus routers remember", "YnftNR7qBzy-00061-00029024-00029527": "early on in this session i was saying don't buy layer 3 features for your edge", "YnftNR7qBzy-00062-00029527-00029880": "switches in fact a lot of these add switches", "YnftNR7qBzy-00063-00029880-00030368": "where the vendors try and promote their the the layer 3 capability", "YnftNR7qBzy-00064-00030368-00030727": "you could just use them for the core router quite easily", "YnftNR7qBzy-00065-00030727-00031144": "you're not going to be carrying the full writing table so a limit of 16 000", "YnftNR7qBzy-00066-00031144-00031447": "routes that you get in a lot of these layer 3 switches", "YnftNR7qBzy-00067-00031447-00032024": "isn't a problem just keep an eye out as to how many interfaces and how many", "YnftNR7qBzy-00068-00032024-00032416": "vlans are supported some of the cheaper layer 3 switches", "YnftNR7qBzy-00069-00032416-00032968": "only support maybe 16 or 32 or 64 vlans and that could end", "YnftNR7qBzy-00070-00032968-00033480": "up being quite problematic for a core router and anyway what you", "YnftNR7qBzy-00071-00033480-00033863": "buy today is going to be obsolete in three to five years anyway", "YnftNR7qBzy-00072-00033863-00034440": "and if it's cheap you can afford to so let's have a look at some possible", "YnftNR7qBzy-00073-00034440-00034824": "candidates for campus core router we mentioned the", "YnftNR7qBzy-00074-00034824-00035200": "cisco 3850 catalyst switch earlier", "YnftNR7qBzy-00075-00035200-00035519": "in the context of the distribution switch", "YnftNR7qBzy-00076-00035519-00035952": "well that has 12 or 24 ports there also is a 48 port version", "YnftNR7qBzy-00077-00035952-00036391": "with one gig or 10 gig ports dual personality", "YnftNR7qBzy-00078-00036391-00036775": "and it also has a module that will support uplinks", "YnftNR7qBzy-00079-00036775-00037160": "and the base ip image that comes with the basic switch", "YnftNR7qBzy-00080-00037160-00037663": "is sufficient for ospf and for ipv6 support", "YnftNR7qBzy-00081-00037663-00038040": "the 12 and 24 port versions are stackable up to nine units if you want", "YnftNR7qBzy-00082-00038040-00038312": "that so you may start off with the 24 port which will", "YnftNR7qBzy-00083-00038312-00038760": "give you connectivity to 24 distribution switches once you run out", "YnftNR7qBzy-00084-00038760-00039360": "buy another one stack them together and you've got a 48 port switch", "YnftNR7qBzy-00085-00039360-00039736": "if you don't like that cisco is very good at competing with itself and", "YnftNR7qBzy-00086-00039736-00040319": "there's a catalyst 4500x 16 or 32 10 gig ports which can also run", "YnftNR7qBzy-00087-00040319-00040616": "at one gig if you plug in the one gig sfp", "YnftNR7qBzy-00088-00040616-00041184": "and it has an optional 8 port 10 gig expansion module you can buy as well", "YnftNR7qBzy-00089-00041184-00041712": "ipv4 and ipv6 with a base ip license is sufficient for most campus core", "YnftNR7qBzy-00090-00041712-00042047": "router needs if you buy the enterprise license you", "YnftNR7qBzy-00091-00042047-00042503": "can get bgp you can stack two together using two 10", "YnftNR7qBzy-00092-00042503-00043096": "gig ethernet ports using something cisco calls vss", "YnftNR7qBzy-00093-00043096-00043444": "and if you don't like that you can buy a cisco nexus", "YnftNR7qBzy-00094-00043444-00043936": "3548x as we show on the slide this is the same feature set as the two", "YnftNR7qBzy-00095-00043936-00044496": "previous ones i introduced 48 sfp plus ports they can be run at 1 gig or", "YnftNR7qBzy-00096-00044496-00044759": "10 gig and they can even run it 100 megabits", "YnftNR7qBzy-00097-00044759-00045047": "even though this is not really documented", "YnftNR7qBzy-00098-00045047-00045608": "handy for backwards compatibility doesn't run cisco's ios it runs nx", "YnftNR7qBzy-00099-00045608-00045975": "os which is used for the nexus it looks the same as ios", "YnftNR7qBzy-00100-00045975-00046656": "but it's not the same replaces the older nexus 3064 which", "YnftNR7qBzy-00101-00046656-00047072": "network startup resource center has used in a lot of campus deployments over", "YnftNR7qBzy-00102-00047072-00047456": "recent years the nice thing with the 3064", "YnftNR7qBzy-00103-00047456-00047831": "is that it also had four 40 gig ethernet ports", "YnftNR7qBzy-00104-00047831-00048247": "very very handy for uplinks or connecting the two nexus switches", "YnftNR7qBzy-00105-00048247-00048656": "together just so that we don't leave other people", "YnftNR7qBzy-00106-00048656-00048984": "out juniper has the equivalents that cisco has", "YnftNR7qBzy-00107-00048984-00049391": "there's the ex4200 which is 24 sfp ports and two", "YnftNR7qBzy-00108-00049391-00049872": "optional 10 gig modules for uplinks these are stackable as well", "YnftNR7qBzy-00109-00049872-00050175": "but you don't need the advanced feature license which", "YnftNR7qBzy-00110-00050175-00050744": "will give you isis bgp and mpls you don't need any of these for the", "YnftNR7qBzy-00111-00050744-00051112": "campus core router", "YnftNR7qBzy-00112-00051119-00051679": "there's also the ex4500 which is the big brother of the ex4200", "YnftNR7qBzy-00113-00051679-00052176": "which is actually very similar to the cisco photo catalyst 4500 got 40 sfp", "YnftNR7qBzy-00114-00052176-00052720": "plus ports again dual personality 1 gig or 10 gig and with optional uplink", "YnftNR7qBzy-00115-00052720-00053095": "modules just be aware they have a limited number", "YnftNR7qBzy-00116-00053095-00053408": "of v6 neighbor discovery protocol entries", "YnftNR7qBzy-00117-00053408-00053855": "only a thousand in hardware which could be limiting for a campus", "YnftNR7qBzy-00118-00053855-00054272": "with a sizeable v6 deployment", "YnftNR7qBzy-00119-00054312-00054688": "if you don't like these small switches that we're encouraging you to look at", "YnftNR7qBzy-00120-00054688-00055120": "for your campus core then after this you're looking at", "YnftNR7qBzy-00121-00055120-00055608": "chassis switches and these are huge devices", "YnftNR7qBzy-00122-00055608-00056072": "we've listed the cisco 4500e the nexus 7000 series", "YnftNR7qBzy-00123-00056072-00056455": "the modern versions now that cisco and juniper releasing", "YnftNR7qBzy-00124-00056455-00057104": "juniper ex-8000s and various chassis sizes as well they may look very", "YnftNR7qBzy-00125-00057104-00057424": "attractive and may look stunning in your data center for your", "YnftNR7qBzy-00126-00057424-00057848": "campus but do you need them so many of the", "YnftNR7qBzy-00127-00057848-00058144": "trips that network startup resource centers made on", "YnftNR7qBzy-00128-00058144-00058464": "part of its direct engineering assistance with various", "YnftNR7qBzy-00129-00058464-00059120": "campuses around the world we we see these massive chassis switches", "YnftNR7qBzy-00130-00059120-00059448": "taking pride of place in the campus network", "YnftNR7qBzy-00131-00059448-00059800": "and so often we only see two or three line cards in use", "YnftNR7qBzy-00132-00059800-00060160": "which is a considerable waste in a lot of these switches which have maybe eight", "YnftNR7qBzy-00133-00060160-00060520": "or 16 slots these switches are massively power", "YnftNR7qBzy-00134-00060520-00060879": "hungry and of course would have been very expensive for the university to", "YnftNR7qBzy-00135-00060879-00061400": "purchase in the first place so we recommend to campus administrators", "YnftNR7qBzy-00136-00061400-00061807": "to think carefully about the size of your layer 3 switch you're going to", "YnftNR7qBzy-00137-00061807-00062224": "use for your campus core router you should need anything more", "YnftNR7qBzy-00138-00062224-00062576": "than three or four or five rack units this will be", "YnftNR7qBzy-00139-00062576-00062944": "much cheaper device and once you run out of space buy a second one and you can", "YnftNR7qBzy-00140-00062944-00063336": "start exploring some of the redundancy options that we", "YnftNR7qBzy-00141-00063336-00063751": "hinted at with hsrp vrrp and ospf", "YnftNR7qBzy-00142-00063751-00064024": "earlier on", "YnftNR7qBzy-00143-00064079-00064536": "maybe you already have an existing switch which has good layer 3 support", "YnftNR7qBzy-00144-00064536-00064816": "and you can use it for your campus core so check the", "YnftNR7qBzy-00145-00064816-00065320": "features of your existing devices check on forums for experience of other", "YnftNR7qBzy-00146-00065320-00065792": "people using the same device for routing you may only have to do simple things", "YnftNR7qBzy-00147-00065792-00066416": "like turn on ip writing and it becomes a layer 3 device", "YnftNR7qBzy-00148-00066416-00066824": "you may need to update the latest stable firmware we always recommend that you", "YnftNR7qBzy-00149-00066824-00067239": "run all your devices with the latest stable firmware", "YnftNR7qBzy-00150-00067239-00067807": "from the vendor that makes sure that your latest security updates and also", "YnftNR7qBzy-00151-00067807-00068392": "the latest bug fixes in the software if you have a spare device test on that", "YnftNR7qBzy-00152-00068392-00068727": "one first test the feature set how the routing works", "YnftNR7qBzy-00153-00068727-00069520": "how the dhcp helper or relay is working how ospf vrr phsrp and so forth."}}, {"audio_id": "YnYy_CtGYeY", "text": {"YnYy_CtGYeY-00000-00000085-00000335": "International short stories volume to", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00001-00000390-00001079": "English stories, this is a librivox recording all librivox recordings are in the public domain", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00002-00001134-00001535": "for more information or to volunteer please visit librivox.org", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00003-00001860-00002447": "International short stories volume 2 english stories edited by William Paton", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00004-00002506-00002958": "section 6 the brothers a tale by Edward bulwer-lytton", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00005-00003078-00003278": "part 2", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00006-00003310-00003923": "But Athos striving to appease his conscience with a belief that hers now was the sole fault", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00007-00003970-00004226": "busied himself in preparations for his departure", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00008-00004351-00004537": "Anxious to outshine his brother", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00009-00004537-00004914": "He departed not as Warbeck alone and unattended", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00010-00004948-00005429": "But levying all the horse men and money that his domain of stern fells", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00011-00005443-00006239": "Which he had not yet tenant 'add would afford he repaired to Frankfurt at the head of a glittering troop the Templar", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00012-00006277-00006708": "Affecting relapse tarried behind and promised to join him at that", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00013-00006781-00007037": "Constantinople of which he had so loudly boasted", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00014-00007098-00007706": "Meanwhile he devoted his whole powers of pleasing to console the unhappy orphan", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00015-00007734-00007979": "the force of her simple love was however", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00016-00008043-00008516": "Stronger than all his arts in vain he insinuated doubt savato", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00017-00008547-00009098": "She refused to hear them in vain he poured with a softness accents into her ear", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00018-00009129-00009356": "the witchery of flattery and song", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00019-00009403-00009593": "She turned heedlessly away", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00020-00009593-00010076": "And only pained by the courtesies that had so little resemblance to a foe", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00021-00010114-00010650": "She shut herself up in her chamber and pined in solitude for her forsaken", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00022-00010720-00011282": "The Templar now resolved to attempt darker arts to obtain power over her win", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00023-00011332-00011532": "Fortunately he was summoned", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00024-00011532-00011629": "suddenly away", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00025-00011629-00011960": "by a mission from the Grand Master of so high", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00026-00011968-00012650": "Import that he could not be resisted by a passion stronger in his breast than love the passion of ambition", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00027-00012670-00013266": "He left the castle to its solitude and awful peopling it no more with his gay companions", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00028-00013281-00013622": "No solid could be more unfrequently disturbed", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00029-00013716-00014319": "Meanwhile though ever and anon the fame of Warbeck reached their ears it came", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00030-00014350-00015102": "unaccompanied with that of author of him they had no tidings and thus the love of the tender often was kept alive by the", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00031-00015127-00015821": "Perpetual restlessness of fear at length the old chief died and Leoline was left utterly alone", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00032-00015877-00016565": "one evening as she sat with her maidens in the hall the ringing of a steeds hooves were heard in the outer court a", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00033-00016594-00017378": "Horn sounded the heavy gates were unbarred and the night of a stately mane and covered with a mantle of the cross entered the hall", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00034-00017410-00018083": "He stopped for one moment at the entrance as if overpowered by his emotion in the next he had cleft", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00035-00018120-00018320": "Leoline to his breast", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00036-00018331-00019001": "Thus now not recognized thy cousin Warbeck he doffed his cask, and she saw that majestic brow", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00037-00019009-00019526": "Which unlike Athos had never changed or been clouded in its aspect to her?", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00038-00019561-00019860": "the war is suspended for the present said he I", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00039-00019882-00020522": "Learned my father's death and I have returned home to hang up my banner in the hall and spend my days in peace", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00040-00020614-00021285": "Time and the life of camps had worked their change upon Warwick's face the fair hair deepened in its shade", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00041-00021313-00021938": "Was worn from the temples and disclosed one scar that rather aided the beauty of a countenance that had always", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00042-00021960-00022577": "Something high and martial in its character, but the calm it had once worn had settled down into sadness", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00043-00022620-00023186": "He conversed more rarely than before and though he smiled not less often nor less kindly", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00044-00023212-00023870": "The smile had more of thought and the kindness had forgot its passion. He had apparently conquered a love", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00045-00023875-00024067": "That was so early crossed", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00046-00024067-00024650": "but not that fidelity of remembrance which made Leoline dearer to him than all others and", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00047-00024673-00025059": "Forbade him to replace the images he had graven upon his soul", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00048-00025117-00025751": "The orphans lips trembled with the name of Arthur but a certain recollection stifled even her anxiety", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00049-00025810-00026364": "Warbeck hastened to forestall her questions Arthur was well. He said and", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00050-00026439-00026557": "sojourning at", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00051-00026557-00027054": "Constantinople he had lingered there soul the crusade had terminated without his aid", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00052-00027097-00027735": "Doubtless now he would speedily return a month a week nay a day might restore him to her side", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00053-00027829-00028329": "Leoline was inexpressibly consoled yet something remained untold", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00054-00028393-00028872": "Why so eager for the strife of the sacred tomb? Had he thus tarried at?", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00055-00028942-00029592": "Constantinople she wondered she wearied conjecture, but she did not dare to search father", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00056-00029692-00030359": "the generous Warbeck concealed from her that awful little life of the most reckless and indolent dissipations", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00057-00030412-00030762": "Wasting his wealth in the pleasures of the greek court and only", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00058-00030793-00031385": "Occupying his ambition were the wild schemes of founding a principality in those foreign climes", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00059-00031414-00032069": "Which the enterprise's of the Norman adventurers had rendered so alluring to have a nightly bandits of the age?", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00060-00032122-00032657": "The cousins resumed their old friendship and war Bek believed, but it was friendship alone", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00061-00032695-00033476": "They walked again among the gardens in which their childhood had strayed they sat again on the green turf whereon they had woven flowers", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00062-00033514-00033776": "They looked down on the eternal mirror of the Rhine", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00063-00033889-00034343": "Could it have reflected the same unawakened freshness of their life's early spring", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00064-00034429-00035006": "The grave and contemplative mind of Warbeck had not been so contented with the honours of war", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00065-00035022-00035672": "But that it had sought also those comma sources of emotion which were yet found amongst the sages of the east?", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00066-00035716-00035966": "He had drunk at the fountain of the wisdom of those", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00067-00035991-00036329": "Distant climes and had acquired the habits of meditation", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00068-00036334-00037026": "Which were indulged by those wiser tribes from which the Crusaders brought back to the north the knowledge that was destined to", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00069-00037033-00037233": "enlighten their posterity", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00070-00037234-00037554": "Warbeck therefore had little in common with the ruler chiefs around", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00071-00037582-00037802": "He did not summon them to his board", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00072-00037822-00038310": "Nor attend that they're noisy wasps sales often late at night in yon shattered Tower", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00073-00038310-00038664": "His lonely lamp shone still over the mighty stream", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00074-00038666-00039263": "And his only relief to loneliness was in the presence and the song of his soft cousin", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00075-00039340-00039941": "months rolled on when suddenly a vague and fearful rumour reached the castle of Leoben Stein", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00076-00040003-00040473": "Artha was returning to the neighboring tower of stern fells, but not alone", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00077-00040493-00041137": "He brought back with him a Greek bride of surprising beauty and dowered with almost regal wealth", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00078-00041201-00041454": "Leoline was the first to discredit the rumour", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00079-00041522-00041826": "Leoline was soon the only one who disbelieved", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00080-00041891-00042513": "Right in the summer noon flash the array of horsemen far up the steep ascent wound the gorgeous cavalcade", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00081-00042541-00043080": "The lonely towers of Levenstein heard the echo of many laughs and peal of merriment", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00082-00043147-00043521": "Puffle bore home his bride to the halls of stern fills", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00083-00043588-00044145": "that night there was a great banquet in our foes castle the light shone from every casement and", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00084-00044183-00044913": "Musics will loud and ceaselessly within by the side of Atholl glittering with the prodigal jewels of the east", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00085-00044941-00045486": "Set the Greek her dark locks her flashing. Eye the false colors of her complexion", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00086-00045544-00046152": "Dazzled the eyes of her guests on her left hand sat the Templar by the Holyrood", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00087-00046190-00046582": "Both the Templar gala, although. He crossed himself as he spoke", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00088-00046591-00046974": "We shall scare the owls tonight on those grim towers of Leoben stein", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00089-00047021-00047601": "My grave brother Siravo will have much to do to comfort his cousin when she sees what a gallant life", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00090-00047602-00047788": "She would have led with thee", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00091-00047788-00048069": "Poor damsel said the Greek with affected pity", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00092-00048134-00048711": "Doubtless she will now be reconciled to the rejected one. I hear he is a knight of a Comley main", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00093-00048772-00049203": "Peace said Athos sternly and quaffing a large goblet of wine", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00094-00049271-00049765": "The Greek bit her lip and glanced meaningly at the Templar who returned the glance", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00095-00049832-00050562": "Not but a beauty such as thine can win my pardon said Arthur turning to his bride and gazing passionately in her face", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00096-00050612-00050807": "the Greek smiled", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00097-00050807-00051183": "Will spit the feast the left deepened the wine", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00098-00051205-00051613": "circled when Athos eyes rested on the guests at the bottom of the board", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00099-00051632-00052140": "Whose figure was mantle from head to foot and whose face was covered by a dark veil", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00100-00052192-00052905": "Be shrew me said he allowed, but this is scarce courteous at our revel. Will the stranger vouchsafe to unmask", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00101-00052957-00053211": "These words turned all eyes to the figure", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00102-00053212-00053946": "And they who sat next it perceived that a trim violently at length it rose and walking slowly", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00103-00053947-00054391": "But with grace to the fair Greek it laid beside her a wreath of flowers", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00104-00054488-00055215": "It is a simple gift lady said the stranger in a voice of such sweetness that the rudest guest was touched by it", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00105-00055247-00055830": "But it is all I can offer and the bride of autho should not be without a gift at my hands", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00106-00055864-00056562": "May both be happy and with these words a stranger turned and passed from the hall silent as a shadow", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00107-00056654-00057004": "Bring back the stranger cried the Greek recovering her surprise", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00108-00057086-00057345": "20 guests sprang up to obey her mandate", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00109-00057355-00057407": "No", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00110-00057407-00058023": "No said Arthur waving his hand impatiently touch her not heed her not at your peril", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00111-00058057-00058656": "The Greek bent over the flowers to conceal her anger and from amongst them dropped the broken half of a ring", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00112-00058657-00058896": "I fell recognized it at once", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00113-00058951-00059349": "It was the broken half of that ring which he had broken with his betrothed", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00114-00059426-00060204": "Alas he required not such a sign to convince him that figure so full of ineffable grace the touching voice", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00115-00060236-00060645": "That simple action so tender in its sentiment that gift", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00116-00060674-00061069": "That blessing came only from the forsaken and forgiving", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00117-00061129-00061301": "Leoline", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00118-00061301-00061947": "But Warbeck alone in his solitary Tower paced to and fro with agitated steps", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00119-00061997-00062644": "Deep undying wrath at his brother's falsehood mingled with one burning one delicious", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00120-00062644-00063210": "Hope he confessed now that he had deceived himself when he thought his passion was no more", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00121-00063254-00063609": "Was there any longer a bar to his union with Leoline?", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00122-00063650-00064426": "In that delicacy which was breathed into him by his love he had for borne to seek or to offer her the insult of", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00123-00064456-00065241": "Consolation he felt that the shock should be borne alone and yet he pined he thirsted to throw himself at her feet", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00124-00065320-00065706": "Nursing these contending thoughts he was aroused by a knock at his door", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00125-00065768-00066268": "He opened it the passage was thronged by Leo lines maidens pale", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00126-00066319-00066500": "anxious weeping", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00127-00066500-00067202": "Leoline had left the castle with but one female attendant none knew whither they knew too soon", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00128-00067263-00067954": "From the Hall of stern fells she had passed over in the dark and inclement night to the valley in which the convent of born", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00129-00067955-00068578": "Huffin offered to the weary of spirit and the broken of heart a refuge at the shrine of guard", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00130-00068634-00069044": "At daybreak the next morning Warbeck was at the convent gate", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00131-00069072-00069844": "He saw Leoline what a change one night of suffering had made in that face which was the fountain of all loveliness to him", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00132-00069879-00070369": "He clasped her in his arms. He wept. He urged all that love could edge", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00133-00070389-00070913": "he besought her to accept that heart, which had never wronged her memory by a thought o", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00134-00070989-00071777": "Leoline didst thou not say once that these arms nursed that childhood at this voice soothe thine early sorrows ah", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00135-00071835-00072400": "Trust to them again and forever from a love that for sick thee turned to the love that never swerved", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00136-00072486-00072997": "No said, Leoline. No. What would the chivalry of which thou art the boast?", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00137-00073023-00073321": "What would they say of the worked out to Wed one?", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00138-00073353-00074042": "Affion stand deserted who tarried years for another and brought to thine arms only that heart, which he had abandoned", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00139-00074112-00074896": "no, and even if thou as I know thou wouldst be would callous to such wrong of thy high name shall I bring to the", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00140-00074897-00075350": "A broken heart and bruised spirit shelter wid sorrow and not joy", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00141-00075369-00076066": "And shall sighs that will not cease and tears that may not be dried be the only dowry of thy bride", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00142-00076125-00076459": "Thou - for whom all blessings should be ordained", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00143-00076521-00077132": "No forget me forget thy poor Leoline she hath nothing but prayers for thee", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00144-00077172-00077750": "In vain Warbeck pleaded in vain he urged all that passion and truth could urge", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00145-00077769-00078391": "The springs of earthly love were forever dried up in the orphans heart and her resolution was immovable", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00146-00078453-00079037": "she tore herself from his arms and the gate of the convent creaked harshly on his ear a", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00147-00079083-00079580": "New and stern emotion now wholly possessed him though naturally mild and gentle", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00148-00079638-00080192": "He cherished anger when once it was aroused with a strength of a calm mind", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00149-00080260-00080607": "Leo Lyons tears her sufferings her wrongs her", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00150-00080644-00081303": "Uncomplaining spirit the change already stamped upon her face all cried aloud to him for vengeance", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00151-00081380-00082041": "She is an orphan said he bitterly she hath none to protect to redress her save me alone", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00152-00082081-00082845": "My father's charge over her forlorn youth descends of write to me what matters it whether her forsake could be my brother", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00153-00082880-00083080": "He is her foe", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00154-00083083-00083793": "Athena crushed her heart hath he not consigned her to sorrow till the grave and with what insult", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00155-00083827-00083942": "No warning", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00156-00083942-00084696": "No excuse with lewd wasps sailors keeping revel for his new bridles in the hearing before the sight of his betrothed", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00157-00084773-00085356": "Enough, but time have come when to use his own words one of us too must fall", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00158-00085394-00086181": "He hath drew his sword as he spoke and thrusting it back violently into the sheath strode home to his solitary castle", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00159-00086257-00086979": "The sound of steeds end of the hunting horn met him at his portal the bridal train of stern fells all mirth and gladness", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00160-00087001-00087201": "Were partying for the chase", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00161-00087218-00087963": "That evening a night in complete armor entered the banquet hall of stern fails and defied our foe on the part of Warwick of", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00162-00087976-00088176": "Leoben Stein to mortal combat", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00163-00088252-00088629": "Even the Templar was startled by so unnatural a challenge", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00164-00088655-00089169": "But Arthur reddening took up the gauge and the day and spot were fixed", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00165-00089269-00089727": "discontented Roth with himself a savage gladness seized him he", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00166-00089758-00090102": "Longed to wreak his desperate feelings even on his brother", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00167-00090163-00090726": "nor had he ever in his jealous heart forgiven that brother his virtues and his renown and", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00168-00090755-00091008": "The appointed hour the brothers met as foes", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00169-00091069-00091692": "Wore Beck's visor was up and all the settles sternness of his soul was stamped upon his brow", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00170-00091732-00092343": "But a foe more willing to brave the arm than to face the front of his brother kept his visor down", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00171-00092387-00092988": "The Templar stood by him with folded arms. It was a study in human passions to his mocking mind", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00172-00093076-00093658": "Scarce had the first Trump's sounded to this dread conflict when a new actor and on the scene", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00173-00093696-00094330": "the rumor of so unprecedented an event had not failed to reach the convent of born huffin and now", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00174-00094365-00094669": "two by two came the sisters of the holy shrine", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00175-00094692-00095486": "And the armed men made way as with trailing garments and veiled faces they swept along into the very lists", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00176-00095511-00095971": "At that moment one from amongst them left her sisters with a slow", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00177-00096006-00096509": "Majestic pace and pause not till she stood right between the brother foes", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00178-00096612-00097127": "Warbeck she said in a hollow voice that curdled up his dark spirit as it spoke", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00179-00097167-00097967": "Is it thus thou wouldest prove thy love and maintain thy trust over the fatherless orphan? Whom thy sire bequeathed to thy care?", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00180-00098058-00098800": "Shall I have murder on my soul at that question she paused and those who heard it was struck dumb and shuddered", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00181-00098835-00099220": "The murder of one man by the hand of his own brother away", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00182-00099279-00099796": "Warbeck I command shall I forget thy wrongs Leoline said Warbeck", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00183-00099849-00100310": "Wrongs the United me to God. They are forgiven", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00184-00100320-00100640": "They are no more Earth has deserted me", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00185-00100659-00101117": "But heaven hath taken me to its arms shall I murmur at the change", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00186-00101118-00101560": "And thou though hear her voice faltered thou", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00187-00101613-00101813": "Dost thy conscience might they not", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00188-00101853-00102301": "What is now atone for robbing me of hope by barring against me the future?", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00189-00102351-00103106": "Rich that I should be could I dream of mercy could I dream of comfort if I brother fill by thy sword in my cause", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00190-00103164-00103585": "Although I have pardoned thee and bless thee and thine", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00191-00103641-00103844": "Once perhaps thou didst love me", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00192-00103899-00104219": "Remember how I love thee cast down thine arms", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00193-00104384-00104954": "Fogies that the veiled form before him where had the soft Leoline learned to command", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00194-00104997-00105473": "He turned to his brother. He felt all that he had inflicted upon both and", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00195-00105531-00105731": "Casting his sword upon the ground", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00196-00105741-00106469": "He knelt at the feet of Leoline and kissed her garment with a devotion that voter II never lavished on a holier Saint", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00197-00106542-00107011": "The spell that lay over the Warriors around was broken there was one loud cry of", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00198-00107064-00107819": "Congratulation and joy and thou Warbeck said Leoline turning to the spot. Where still motionless and haughty Warbeck stood", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00199-00107928-00108589": "Have I ever rebelled against thy will said he softly and buried the point of his sword in the earth?", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00200-00108659-00109132": "Yet Leoline yet he added looking at his kneeling brother", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00201-00109203-00109585": "Yet, art thou already better avenged than by this steel", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00202-00109658-00110417": "Now, art thou art cried off though smiting his breast and slowly and scarce noting the crowd that fell back from his path", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00203-00110478-00110678": "Warbeck left the lists", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00204-00110783-00111125": "Leoline said no more her divine errand was fulfilled", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00205-00111171-00111947": "She looked long and wistfully after the stately form of the night of Leoben Stein and then with a slight sigh she turned to Arthur", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00206-00111993-00112474": "This is the last time we shall meet on earth peace be with us all", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00207-00112586-00113318": "She then with the same majestic and collected bearing passed on toward the sisterhood and as in the same solemn procession", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00208-00113355-00113746": "They glided back toward the convent there was not a man present", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00209-00113763-00114397": "No, not even the hardened Templar who would not like a foe have bent his knee to Leoline", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00210-00114533-00115108": "once more Arthur plunged into the wild revelry of the age his castle was thronged with guests and", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00211-00115125-00115609": "night after night a lighted hall shone down fort the tranquil Rhine the", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00212-00115658-00116078": "beauty of the Greek the wealth of Otto the fame of the Templar", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00213-00116130-00116383": "Attracted all the chivalry from far and near", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00214-00116463-00117010": "Never had the banks of the Rhine known so hospitable a lord as the knight of stern fails", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00215-00117066-00117329": "Yet gloom seized him in the midst of gladness", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00216-00117329-00117949": "And the revel was welcomed only as the escape from remorse the voice of scandal however", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00217-00117986-00118766": "Soon began to mingle without of envy at the pump of autho the fair Greek. It was said weary of her Lord", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00218-00118821-00119419": "lavished her smiles on others the young and the fair were always most acceptable at the castle and", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00219-00119448-00119900": "Above all her guilty love or the Templar scarcely affected disguise", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00220-00119982-00120531": "Although alone appeared unconscious of the rumour and though he had begun to neglect his bride", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00221-00120550-00120852": "He relaxed not in his intimacy with a Templar", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00222-00120880-00121644": "It was noon and the Greek was sitting in her Bower along with her a suspected lover the rich perfumes of the east", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00223-00121678-00121890": "mingled with the fragrance of flowers and", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00224-00121942-00122322": "various luxuries unknown till then in those northern shores", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00225-00122365-00122772": "gave a soft and effeminate character to the room I", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00226-00122863-00123252": "Tell thee said the Greek petulantly, but he begins to suspect", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00227-00123286-00123750": "But I have seen him watch thee and mutter as he watched and play with the hilt of his dagger", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00228-00123821-00124449": "Better. Let us fly ere. It is too late for his vengeance would be terrible were at once aroused against us", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00229-00124528-00124974": "Why did I ever forsake my own sweet land for these barbarous shores?", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00230-00125033-00125592": "Their love is not considered eternal nor in constancy a crime worthy death", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00231-00125635-00126249": "Peace pretty one said the Templar carelessly thou knowest not the laws of our foolish chivalry", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00232-00126286-00126615": "Thinkest thou I could fly from a Knights halls like a thief in the night", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00233-00126658-00127323": "Why verily even the Red Cross would not cover such a dishonor if thou fearest that like dull Lord", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00234-00127346-00128103": "suspects let us part the emperor hath sent to me from Frankfurt or evening I might be on my way thither and", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00235-00128140-00128877": "I left to brave the barbarians revenge alone is this thy chivalry nay prate not so wildly", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00236-00128908-00129091": "enter the Templar", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00237-00129091-00129762": "Surely when the object of his suspicion is gone by woman's heart and thy Greek Wiles can easily allay the jealous fiend", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00238-00129805-00130338": "Do I not know the glossary why thou wouldest fool all men save a Templar?", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00239-00130338-00131016": "And thou cruel wouldst thou leave me said the Greek weeping how shall I live without thee?", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00240-00131050-00131607": "The Templar laughed slightly can such eyes ever weep without a comforter, but farewell", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00241-00131608-00132099": "I must not be found with thee tomorrow. I depart for Frankfurt. We shall meet again", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00242-00132154-00132723": "As soon as the door closed on the Templar the Greek rose and pacing the room said", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00243-00132799-00133341": "Selfish selfish how could I ever trust him yet? I dare not brave Arthur alone", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00244-00133399-00133780": "Surely, it was his step that disturbed us in our yesterday's interview", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00245-00133835-00134590": "Nay, I will fly I can never want a companion she clapped her hands a young Paige appeared", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00246-00134615-00134923": "She threw herself on her seat and wept, bitterly", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00247-00135045-00135451": "The page approached and love was mingled with his compassion", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00248-00135522-00136085": "Why weepest thou dearest lady said he is there or in which Conrad services?", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00249-00136163-00136340": "services ah", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00250-00136340-00136690": "Thou has read his heart his devotion may avail", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00251-00136826-00137383": "Offal had wandered out the whole day alone his vassals had observed that his brow is more", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00252-00137384-00137836": "Gloomy than its won't for he usually concealed whatever might prey within", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00253-00137907-00138634": "Some of the most confidential of his servitors he had conferred with and the conference had deepened the shadow of his countenance", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00254-00138674-00139147": "He returned a twilight the Greek did not honor the repast with her presence", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00255-00139197-00139774": "She was unwell and not to be disturbed the gay Templar was the life of the board", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00256-00139841-00140320": "Well carry us the sad brow today, Sir Arthur said he good faith", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00257-00140321-00140542": "Thou hast called it from the air of Leoben Stein", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00258-00140546-00141001": "I have something troubles me and sera though forcing a smile", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00259-00141035-00141589": "Which I would fain impart to thy friendly bosom the night is clear and the moon is up", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00260-00141599-00141832": "Let us forth alone into the garden", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00261-00141863-00141983": "the Templar rose", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00262-00141983-00142717": "And he forgot not to gird on his sword as he followed the night although led the way to one of the most distant", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00263-00142730-00142930": "Terraces that overhung the Rhine", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00264-00142991-00143266": "sir Templar said he pausing and", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00265-00143319-00144109": "Samee one question on thy Knightly honor was it thy step that left my lady's Bower yester Eve at Vesper", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00266-00144185-00144952": "Startled by so sudden a query the wily Templar faltered in his reply the red blood mounted to Otto's brow", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00267-00144998-00145306": "Nay, why not sir Knight these eyes", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00268-00145337-00145543": "Thanks to God have not witnessed", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00269-00145572-00146311": "But these ears have heard from others of my dishonor as otto spoke the Templars eyes resting on the water", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00270-00146358-00146917": "Perceived a boat rowing fast over the Rhine the distance forbade him to see more than the outline", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00271-00146970-00147160": "two figures within it", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00272-00147160-00147677": "She was right thought he perhaps that boat already bears her from the danger", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00273-00147736-00148244": "Drawing himself up to the full height of his tall stature the Templar replied heartily", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00274-00148282-00148805": "Sir Arthur of Stern fells if thou has deigned to question the vessels", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00275-00148849-00149538": "Obtain from them only an answer it is not to contradict such minions that the Knights of the temple pledged their word", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00276-00149613-00150326": "Enough cried Arthur losing patience and striking the Templar with his clenched hand draw a traitor draw", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00277-00150457-00151146": "Alone in his lofty tower Warbeck watched the night deepened over the heavens and commune mournfully with himself", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00278-00151215-00151955": "To what end thought he have these strong affections these capacities of love this yearning after", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00279-00151984-00152178": "Sympathy been given me", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00280-00152178-00152978": "unloved and unknown I walked to my grave and all the nobler mysteries of my heart are forever to be untold and", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00281-00153007-00153668": "Thus musing he heard not the challenge of the water on the wall or the unborn of the gate below", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00282-00153688-00154436": "Or the tread of footsteps along the winding stair the door was thrown suddenly open and a foe stood before him", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00283-00154464-00154811": "Come he said in a low voice trembling with passion", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00284-00154870-00155540": "Come I will show thee that which shall glad dine heart to fold is Leoline Avenged", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00285-00155575-00156126": "Warbeck looked in amazement on a brother he had not met since they stood in arms against the others life", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00286-00156126-00156876": "And he now saw that the arm that Arthur extended to him dripped with blood trickling drop by drop upon the floor", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00287-00156922-00157592": "Come said off though follow me it is my last prayer come for Leoline sake come", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00288-00157624-00157910": "At that name Warbeck hesitated, no longer", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00289-00157912-00158456": "He girded on his sword and followed his brother down the stairs and through the castle gate", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00290-00158473-00158840": "The porter scarcely believed his eyes when he saw the two brothers", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00291-00158863-00159426": "So long divided go forth at that hour alone and seemingly in friendship", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00292-00159484-00159849": "Warbeck arrived at that epoch in the feelings when nothing stuns", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00293-00159912-00160223": "Followed with silent steps the rapid strides of his brother", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00294-00160293-00160493": "The two castles as you are aware", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00295-00160522-00161258": "Are scarce of stone's throw from each other in a few minutes our thought paused and an open space in one of the terraces of?", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00296-00161259-00161568": "Stern fails on which the moon shone bright and steady", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00297-00161638-00161895": "behold he said in a ghastly voice", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00298-00161959-00162453": "behold and Warbeck saw on the sward the corpse of the Templar", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00299-00162481-00162917": "Bathed with a blood that even still poured fast and warm from his heart", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00300-00163006-00163183": "hark Siddarth Oh", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00301-00163183-00163976": "He it was who first made me waver in my vows to Leoline he persuaded me to Wed yon whited falsehood Huck", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00302-00164008-00164309": "He who had thus wronged my real love", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00303-00164362-00164817": "dishonoured me with my faithless bride and thus thus thus as", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00304-00164845-00165602": "grinding his teeth he spurned again and again the dead body of the templar thus Leoline and myself are avenged and", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00305-00165646-00165915": "thy wife said Warbeck pityingly", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00306-00165973-00166338": "Fled fled with a hireling page it is well", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00307-00166372-00166818": "She was not worth the sword. That was once built Adhan by Leoline", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00308-00166885-00167178": "the tradition the a Gertrude proceeds to tell us", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00309-00167212-00167745": "That our foe though often menaced by the rude justice of the day for the death of the Templar", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00310-00167803-00168003": "Defied and escaped the Menace", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00311-00168010-00168789": "On the very night of his revenge a long and delirious illness seized him the generous Warbeck forgave forgot all", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00312-00168829-00169622": "Save that he had once been consecrated by Leo lines love he tended him through his sickness and when he recovered", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00313-00169657-00170063": "Offal was an altered man. He for swore the comrades", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00314-00170064-00170324": "He had once courted the rebels he had once", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00315-00170325-00170832": "Led the halls of stern fells wood desolate as those of Leoben Stein", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00316-00170869-00171380": "The only companion of his sort was war Beck and war Beck bore with him", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00317-00171412-00172208": "They had no topic in common for one subject war Beck at least fell too deeply ever to trust himself to speak", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00318-00172243-00172877": "And yet did a strange and secret sympathy reunite them. They had at least a common sorrow", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00319-00172945-00173342": "often they were seen wandering together by the solitary banks of the river or", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00320-00173383-00173786": "Amidst the woods without apparently interchange word or sign", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00321-00173866-00174449": "Ethel died first and still in the prime of youth and war Beck was now left", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00322-00174484-00175272": "Companionless in vain the imperial court wooed him to its pleasures in vain the camp preferred him the Oblivion of renown", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00323-00175366-00175680": "Could he tear himself from a spot where morning and night?", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00324-00175680-00175973": "He could see afar amidst the valley the roof", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00325-00175981-00176654": "But sheltered Leoline and on which every cups every turf reminded him of former days", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00326-00176707-00177024": "His solitary life his midnight vigils", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00327-00177076-00177806": "strange Scrolls about his chamber obtained him by degrees the repute of cultivating the darker arts and", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00328-00177844-00178110": "Shunning he became shunned by all", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00329-00178153-00178547": "But still it was sweet to hear from time to time of the increasing", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00330-00178561-00178931": "Sanctity of her in whom he had treasured up his last thoughts of earth", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00331-00178984-00179187": "She it was who heal the sick", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00332-00179230-00179927": "She it was who relieved the poor and the superstition of that age brought pilgrims from afar to the altars", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00333-00179932-00180132": "But she served", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00334-00180172-00180831": "many years afterwards a band of lawless robbers who ever and anon broke from their mountain fastness to", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00335-00180847-00181380": "Pillage and to desolate the valleys of the Rhine who spared neither sex nor age", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00336-00181432-00181884": "neither tower nor Hut nor even the houses of God himself", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00337-00181912-00182262": "laid waste the territories round borne huffin and", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00338-00182311-00182807": "Demanded treasures from the convent the Abbess of the bold lineage of rudesheim", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00339-00182866-00183656": "Refused the sacrilegious demand the convent was stormed its vessels resisted the robbers inured to slaughter", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00340-00183712-00183856": "one the day", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00341-00183856-00184256": "Already the gates were forced when a knight at the head of a small", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00342-00184257-00184782": "But hearty troop rushed down from the mountainside and turned the tide of the fray", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00343-00184840-00185126": "Wherever his sword flashed fell a foe", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00344-00185191-00185645": "Wherever his war cry sounded was a space of dead men in the thick of the battle", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00345-00185701-00186434": "The fight was won the convent saved the Abbess and the sisterhood came forth to blessed their deliverer", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00346-00186499-00186981": "Laid under an aged oak. He was bleeding fast to death his head was bare", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00347-00187029-00187344": "And his locks were gray but scarcely yet with years", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00348-00187444-00187787": "One only of the sisterhood recognized that majestic face", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00349-00187849-00188049": "one bathed his parched lips", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00350-00188083-00188484": "One held his dying hand and in leo lines presence", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00351-00188509-00188951": "passed away the faithful spirit of the last lord of Leoben stein o", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00352-00189100-00189300": "said gertrude through her tears", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00353-00189355-00189555": "Surely, you must have altered the facts", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00354-00189604-00190320": "Surely surely it must have been impossible for Leoline with a woman's heart to have loved awful more than Warbeck", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00355-00190366-00191147": "My child said vain so think women when they read a tale of love and see the whole heart bared before them", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00356-00191197-00191918": "But not so act they in real life when they see only the surface of character and pierced not it's dips", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00357-00191971-00192171": "Until it is too late", "YnYy_CtGYeY-00358-00192199-00192405": "end of section 6"}}, {"audio_id": "0o3fLpixt1I", "text": {"0o3fLpixt1I-00000-00000000-00002199": "SIZE DOESN’T REALLY MATTER"}}, {"audio_id": "0ovKuCvYuOA", "text": {"0ovKuCvYuOA-00000-00000127-00001647": "So my idea for tonight is that nothing else matters except our character.", "0ovKuCvYuOA-00001-00001647-00001930": "Some days go smoothly.", "0ovKuCvYuOA-00002-00001930-00002218": "Some days are very difficult.", "0ovKuCvYuOA-00003-00002218-00003943": "There are so many factors outside our control, so many things that we're really at the mercy", "0ovKuCvYuOA-00004-00003943-00004265": "of.", "0ovKuCvYuOA-00005-00004265-00005469": "The only thing we can really control is our own actions, to a degree, our own thoughts,", "0ovKuCvYuOA-00006-00005469-00006756": "to a degree, our own attitudes, and that is our task.", "0ovKuCvYuOA-00007-00006756-00007998": "Our task is not to have perfect conditions to make sure everything goes right.", "0ovKuCvYuOA-00008-00007998-00009565": "Our task is to have good character, to have the right mindset, the right attitude to face", "0ovKuCvYuOA-00009-00009565-00010190": "whatever comes.", "0ovKuCvYuOA-00010-00010190-00011763": "Something I find refreshing, relieving about letting go of everything else and simply asking", "0ovKuCvYuOA-00011-00011763-00013400": "myself: am I living up to what I believe is good character?", "0ovKuCvYuOA-00012-00013400-00013733": "Am I being a good character?", "0ovKuCvYuOA-00013-00013733-00014193": "Am I taking a good mindset?", "0ovKuCvYuOA-00014-00014193-00014622": "Am I taking the right attitude?", "0ovKuCvYuOA-00015-00014622-00015300": "Am I doing good things?", "0ovKuCvYuOA-00016-00015300-00016365": "Am I approaching this day with the right intentions?", "0ovKuCvYuOA-00017-00016365-00017520": "As long as I can do that, I'm doing my work, I'm doing my job.", "0ovKuCvYuOA-00018-00017520-00018750": "There are lots of open tasks in front of me now, as so often for all of us.", "0ovKuCvYuOA-00019-00018750-00019933": "There are many loose ends, untied strings, untied loose threads.", "0ovKuCvYuOA-00020-00019933-00021768": "There are questions, uncertainties, problems, with no yet identified solution.", "0ovKuCvYuOA-00021-00021768-00022535": "And here I am, late in the evening, about to end another day, and I can't solve all", "0ovKuCvYuOA-00022-00022535-00023031": "these problems.", "0ovKuCvYuOA-00023-00023031-00023868": "But for now I can just ask myself: am I being a good character?", "0ovKuCvYuOA-00024-00023868-00024567": "Do I have a good mindset?", "0ovKuCvYuOA-00025-00024567-00026065": "From there I can be satisfied that I am on a good path, and the problems and the details", "0ovKuCvYuOA-00026-00026065-00027189": "of those problems- just start on one of them when it's time, and start going.", "0ovKuCvYuOA-00027-00027189-00028496": "But at the end of the day I can just reflect: am I living this day to the best that I can", "0ovKuCvYuOA-00028-00028496-00028892": "as a good person, the best I understand what that means?", "0ovKuCvYuOA-00029-00028892-00029870": "If so, then for today my work is done."}}, {"audio_id": "0oOefHLyDw8", "text": {"0oOefHLyDw8-00000-00001096-00002400": "Hi. Hello. I have some questions I would like you to like you said earlier you had", "0oOefHLyDw8-00001-00002400-00003104": "owned your own restaurant and be a teacher and as I am as a student a cooking student,", "0oOefHLyDw8-00002-00003360-00003933": "when the thing is not going right when the thing is going wrong, when we were discussing", "0oOefHLyDw8-00003-00003933-00004500": "about the preparing, to serving and everything goingon i believe that you have some experience", "0oOefHLyDw8-00004-00004500-00005040": "you know working with a student and the thing going wrong, how you control your temper?", "0oOefHLyDw8-00005-00005136-00005920": "Sorry about that but how can you do that and...? Yeah with your with the emotional \"oh I prepare", "0oOefHLyDw8-00006-00005920-00006480": "this and it doesn't going right! Oh what should I do?!\" and to me I have that problem. Any idea", "0oOefHLyDw8-00007-00006568-00007120": "how can we survive with those in difficult situations I believe", "0oOefHLyDw8-00008-00007120-00008104": "all of us in here meeting we will have that in the future. Please give us some advice.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00009-00008168-00009320": "Nirjhor thank you for the question. My first advice is to do two steps behind to get some", "0oOefHLyDw8-00010-00009320-00010112": "perspective. When you are working it could be when you feel a collapse or you feel that you are not", "0oOefHLyDw8-00011-00010320-00011072": "being able to cope with the situation before the service time you are preparing and you see that", "0oOefHLyDw8-00012-00011072-00011736": "you will you won't be on time to prepare everything for the service time sometimes, Nirjhor,", "0oOefHLyDw8-00013-00011736-00012496": "is good to stop for two minutes. Just stop for two minutes, stop doing anything", "0oOefHLyDw8-00014-00012600-00013608": "and only tidy up the station, order the station and wash the station and is like the physical fact", "0oOefHLyDw8-00015-00013672-00014936": "of ordering your station orders your mind. Just take two or five minutes for that and", "0oOefHLyDw8-00016-00015063-00015872": "it's like you ordered your mind, you relax a bit okay and then you take another two minutes", "0oOefHLyDw8-00017-00015872-00016872": "to set some preferences. Perhaps you won't be ableto be on to get ready every everything on time", "0oOefHLyDw8-00018-00016872-00018000": "but you set some preferences so that's that has to be done this or this, this is not so important so", "0oOefHLyDw8-00019-00018000-00018952": "you have to set some preferences and start again okay that's the before service time. The other", "0oOefHLyDw8-00020-00019136-00019592": "the other part is during the service time when the customers are at the", "0oOefHLyDw8-00021-00019592-00020176": "dining room and you get collapsed, the service line is not going correctly and", "0oOefHLyDw8-00022-00020448-00020704": "you feel lost the same", "0oOefHLyDw8-00023-00021048-00021688": "the same, more or less the same procedure. Whenin your station in your kitchen you have a", "0oOefHLyDw8-00024-00021688-00022472": "lot of orders, the papers okay, hung on the on the station a lot of tables, lot of customers", "0oOefHLyDw8-00025-00022472-00023528": "waiting for their meal so it's good to stop a bit and first order the orders and one by one.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00026-00023528-00024008": "Which is the first one? This one, we are going to plate this one and then we are going", "0oOefHLyDw8-00027-00024008-00024752": "to plate the other one so not try to prepare all of the tables at the same time. So", "0oOefHLyDw8-00028-00024832-00025856": "is slower, you will go a bit slower but it's better for you to go by order so the tables", "0oOefHLyDw8-00029-00025856-00026727": "that you are serving, try to one by one serve the best you can, okay. The best you can", "0oOefHLyDw8-00030-00026727-00027280": "one by one not all of them at the same time. What happens during the same time, Nirjhor", "0oOefHLyDw8-00031-00027383-00028232": "is that when you feel worried and get collapsed because you are not being able to cope with the", "0oOefHLyDw8-00032-00028232-00028944": "service because there are a lot of tables but the biggest mistake in my opinion is that we try", "0oOefHLyDw8-00033-00028944-00029672": "to make everything at the same time, all of the tables and this is... in those situation in my", "0oOefHLyDw8-00034-00029672-00030424": "opinion is not a good policy, it's better to slow down a bit and take tables one by one. We are going", "0oOefHLyDw8-00035-00030424-00031480": "to serve first this table and then according the time they are waiting the coming time you", "0oOefHLyDw8-00036-00031480-00032439": "start plating and serving table by table okay and if you get more relaxed and you get the control of", "0oOefHLyDw8-00037-00032439-00033200": "the situation again and you feel confident, then you can start perhaps plating tables", "0oOefHLyDw8-00038-00033352-00034104": "two by two okay not one by one but in those situations it's better to slow down a bit", "0oOefHLyDw8-00039-00034104-00034672": "the pace of the of the service the rhythm of the service okay.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00040-00034760-00035504": "I don't know whether I have answered properly your question Nirjhor. I mean I mean that yes", "0oOefHLyDw8-00041-00035504-00036232": "yes you answer correct the point is I understood that we need to calm down but when some point", "0oOefHLyDw8-00042-00036232-00036696": "when we're running with chef, a chef they have been have experience and we are not the person", "0oOefHLyDw8-00043-00036696-00037464": "who have experience and then I feel that I have a pressure and how I can running with the chef", "0oOefHLyDw8-00044-00037464-00038416": "at the same time to get in to the right... to to not to feel like a fear or not confident", "0oOefHLyDw8-00045-00038416-00039200": "and that what I feel when I get into the real situation. Yeah okay in my experience", "0oOefHLyDw8-00046-00039200-00039808": "Nirjhor, there's another mistake that we commit in those situations then when we start shouting.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00047-00039808-00040080": "*shouts*", "0oOefHLyDw8-00048-00040080-00040560": "That I heard all the time but how we can avoid that when somebody is shouting at me I don't", "0oOefHLyDw8-00049-00040560-00041256": "like to hear that but \"oh we just need to suffer the chef's shouting at us\" and then standing there", "0oOefHLyDw8-00050-00041256-00041792": "and working you know close our ear and close our eye and doing the job what is trying to be done", "0oOefHLyDw8-00051-00041792-00042360": "and it's not only the chef with the working because a waitress and the owner", "0oOefHLyDw8-00052-00042360-00043384": "will be coming \"Are you ready?\" we're working on is how can you how can we try to be calm andmm", "0oOefHLyDw8-00053-00043384-00044120": "with your temper, you know, how? This is the thing that I feel that myself, I'm not get used", "0oOefHLyDw8-00054-00044120-00045336": "to that yet. Yeah it's okay it's about to get used to it but also it's about to", "0oOefHLyDw8-00055-00045440-00046480": "slow down your temper a bit and not isolate but maintain separately it, the chef is shouting is", "0oOefHLyDw8-00056-00046480-00047160": "true, the waiter is shouting, they are worried the the waiter is looking at the faces of the", "0oOefHLyDw8-00057-00047160-00047832": "customers okay and is he's very stressed or she is very stressed the waiter or the waitress but", "0oOefHLyDw8-00058-00047936-00048800": "is to order yourself and say \"Okay I have to start with this with this with this\" and", "0oOefHLyDw8-00059-00048800-00049952": "by coming order of the of the customers serve one by one and try to do it correctly because this", "0oOefHLyDw8-00060-00049952-00050784": "way Nirjor you will commit just one mistake that is the customers perhaps we have to", "0oOefHLyDw8-00061-00050784-00051688": "wait a bit longer but you won't commit the second mistake is they have to wait longer and the meal", "0oOefHLyDw8-00062-00051688-00052488": "is not correctly done and not correctly plated so there are those are two mistakes okay so it's", "0oOefHLyDw8-00063-00052488-00053328": "it's important in those situations to get some perspective to put in order the papers", "0oOefHLyDw8-00064-00053328-00054191": "and say one first table is this one, the second this one and go one by one. If you try to plate", "0oOefHLyDw8-00065-00054191-00054788": "two or three or four tables at the same time, chaos. That's my advice.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00066-00054788-00055120": "Yeah thank you very much. Okay so", "0oOefHLyDw8-00067-00055191-00055760": "hello to the rest of you and thank you for your question earlier because this is", "0oOefHLyDw8-00068-00055760-00056672": "very common situation in restaurants and the following part we are going to to", "0oOefHLyDw8-00069-00056672-00057584": "check is the materials about use of local products okay. The use of local products", "0oOefHLyDw8-00070-00057791-00058424": "are in... you will find them this is the first floor of our kitchen and", "0oOefHLyDw8-00071-00058544-00058984": "using...", "0oOefHLyDw8-00072-00059672-00060728": "Yes! Using the F button you will go downstairs to the zero floor and here you have the", "0oOefHLyDw8-00073-00060855-00061455": "material related to local products okay and we have", "0oOefHLyDw8-00074-00061720-00062296": "this part it's interesting part, use of local products okay", "0oOefHLyDw8-00075-00062504-00063600": "I was attending the class provided by O'Brien the Irish lecturer and he talked widely about", "0oOefHLyDw8-00076-00063600-00064240": "sustainability, local products and the advantages of local products okay, meaning", "0oOefHLyDw8-00077-00064376-00065120": "related to sustainability, to environmental stuff and economical stuff also,", "0oOefHLyDw8-00078-00065184-00065656": "that the money gets... the money you spend in products it's", "0oOefHLyDw8-00079-00065776-00066592": "in your area and helps to maintain economically your social net okay but I would like to...", "0oOefHLyDw8-00080-00066768-00068160": "here we have some different materials. Okay and to apply or to use local products is not also", "0oOefHLyDw8-00081-00068160-00069096": "environmentally sustainable, is not also economically viable it's also trendy and also", "0oOefHLyDw8-00082-00069232-00070016": "I would like to appeal for cultural stuff as well, okay. I have been checking your your menus", "0oOefHLyDw8-00083-00070072-00071216": "and I liked a lot the use of local products and also the use of different cultural stuff for", "0oOefHLyDw8-00084-00071216-00072096": "instance in Omnia this is a product that has taken a lot of my attention is Lamb's Quarters", "0oOefHLyDw8-00085-00072096-00072832": "okay this edible plant that you are using in your menus okay and it's really interesting", "0oOefHLyDw8-00086-00072832-00073632": "because I didn't know this ingredient and it's great that you use this kind of ingredients", "0oOefHLyDw8-00087-00073744-00074584": "at the same time mixing with Asian techniques and asian products like gyozas okay so", "0oOefHLyDw8-00088-00074688-00075488": "it's great, it gives to your menu for the pop-up event I mean to your menu gives a lot of", "0oOefHLyDw8-00089-00075488-00076328": "a personality. Okay and just a question, what's the flavor of a Lamb's quarters, this edible plant?", "0oOefHLyDw8-00090-00076440-00076960": "It tastes, it tastes like a spinach in my opinion. Uh-huh it's like a spinach? Yes.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00091-00076960-00077888": "Uh-huh. Exactly the taste like that. I will try it and has any nutritional special value or...?", "0oOefHLyDw8-00092-00078096-00078768": "Yes they're exactly the correct the nutrient like a spinach, yes.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00093-00078928-00079640": "Perfect. Okay so when we speak about local products it's, in my opinion, it's great to", "0oOefHLyDw8-00094-00079640-00080232": "introduce it in your menus pop-up event menus because it gives a lot of personality to your", "0oOefHLyDw8-00095-00080232-00081320": "to your menu. Tartu for instance, I love the the draft of Tartu menu because of the", "0oOefHLyDw8-00096-00081320-00082136": "different products and one is the the sprat the the spratfish I didn't know it. I know different", "0oOefHLyDw8-00097-00082264-00082872": "this kind of fishes we use mainly in our culture use anchovies and use a", "0oOefHLyDw8-00098-00082944-00083784": "pilchards okay but sprats was like new for me and it's like it catches your attention and gives", "0oOefHLyDw8-00099-00083784-00084376": "a lot of personality. \"What's a sprat?\" and I was investigating what sprat was and it's interesting", "0oOefHLyDw8-00100-00084376-00085264": "is to use this kind of menus and not also local products but also local culture plates like a", "0oOefHLyDw8-00101-00085360-00086432": "kama mousse dessert that you are using in Tartu in your menu draft okay. So for a Vamia for instance", "0oOefHLyDw8-00102-00086432-00087216": "when you design your menu okay it's good and it's great to use this kind of local ingredients and", "0oOefHLyDw8-00103-00087432-00088120": "also connect it to your own cultures okay because it's possible and it's enriching to mix", "0oOefHLyDw8-00104-00088120-00088672": "different cooking cultures but using local products is like catches your attention okay.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00105-00089072-00089432": "Connected to to this we prepare some", "0oOefHLyDw8-00106-00089432-00090248": "materials about current trends in food, food service and food presentation", "0oOefHLyDw8-00107-00090304-00091056": "related with sustainability. Okay so sustainability is nowadays trendy", "0oOefHLyDw8-00108-00091056-00091776": "I think it's... we all know that it's really really uh we pay a lot of attention with", "0oOefHLyDw8-00109-00091832-00092680": "this stuff okay with sustainability, health and back to the origins, okay to our cooking cultures.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00110-00092872-00093704": "Healthy and natural food is..it's trendy okay organic food, seasonal and nearby", "0oOefHLyDw8-00111-00093704-00094329": "products and also everything connected to flexitarianism.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00112-00094329-00095249": "Question: what's flexitarianism?", "0oOefHLyDw8-00113-00095672-00097192": "Anybody knows what flexitarianism is? Okay, flexitarianism", "0oOefHLyDw8-00114-00097288-00097928": "is a kind of diet okay where you don't", "0oOefHLyDw8-00115-00098080-00098960": "you don't give up eating any kind of ingredient you can eat or you eat vegetables, meat, fish okay", "0oOefHLyDw8-00116-00098960-00099712": "any kind of ingredient or protein source okay but try to reduce as much as possible animal origin", "0oOefHLyDw8-00117-00099944-00100608": "proteins okay, trying to avoid it as much as possible. Not only for", "0oOefHLyDw8-00118-00100824-00101552": "animal care questions but also for sustainability, questions okay for environmental questions", "0oOefHLyDw8-00119-00101552-00102656": "okay and also for diet questions okay is try to reduce and to use animal origin proteins less and", "0oOefHLyDw8-00120-00102800-00103511": "of proteins of better quality okay. That's the the the concept of flexitarianism.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00121-00103576-00104552": "A Mediterranean diet has been put as an typical example of flexitarianism okay, less protein but", "0oOefHLyDw8-00122-00104552-00105296": "better, okay and if you can, nearby protein. And also about food, novel food nutritionally", "0oOefHLyDw8-00123-00105296-00105976": "high value ingredients and alternative proteins okay. Organic food. You can have", "0oOefHLyDw8-00124-00105976-00106800": "or you have here different materials about organic food okay about how are produced the ingredients", "0oOefHLyDw8-00125-00106800-00107624": "okay this is the the main concern, then we have a consumption of these products okay, seasonal", "0oOefHLyDw8-00126-00107624-00108600": "nearby products, zero kilometer products okay whichensures that O'Brien said two weeks ago", "0oOefHLyDw8-00127-00108600-00109383": "you get the ingredients at their best quality moment and most of times at their best price okay.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00128-00109464-00110176": "We have here some videos, you have here some materials about gathering local ingredients", "0oOefHLyDw8-00129-00110368-00111328": "and the concept of flexitarianism okay you have some information about what flexitarianism is. And", "0oOefHLyDw8-00130-00111328-00111840": "nutritionally high valued ingredients okay some ingredients have become trendy because their", "0oOefHLyDw8-00131-00111840-00112511": "nutritional properties called I don't know whether very very fortunately but called superfood okay.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00132-00112720-00113416": "They don't replace good nutritional habits okay and novel food, you have to know that novel food", "0oOefHLyDw8-00133-00113416-00114304": "are regulated by the European Union okay. What's novel food and what isn't noble food.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00134-00114448-00115159": "And then we have also alternative proteins which are quite trendy nowadays okay the", "0oOefHLyDw8-00135-00115159-00116208": "the search for alternative proteins to the meat or fish origin okay. So we have here a jackfruit,", "0oOefHLyDw8-00136-00116208-00116840": "insect proteins okay could be in powder, could be as a whole.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00137-00116911-00117376": "Okay, we have different alternative proteins and about service", "0oOefHLyDw8-00138-00117552-00118317": "trends we have different trends that have become have developed more because of the covid-19", "0oOefHLyDw8-00139-00118317-00119165": "which is delivery and take away okay in Spain at leastall the delivery way and take away have", "0oOefHLyDw8-00140-00119165-00120024": "developed a lot in in just one year okay. And high standing restaurants have joined this trend.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00141-00120280-00120856": "And then we have the vending which has developed a lot, the vending", "0oOefHLyDw8-00142-00120976-00121400": "way and also the grocerants. What's grocerants?", "0oOefHLyDw8-00143-00121688-00121983": "Do you know any grocerants in your towns?", "0oOefHLyDw8-00144-00122224-00122320": "Or in your cities?", "0oOefHLyDw8-00145-00122968-00123848": "And have you seen any any restaurant like this in Helsinki or in Estonia, in Finland?", "0oOefHLyDw8-00146-00124288-00125128": "Here the grocerant, this trend is becoming more andmore popular in Spain okay because with", "0oOefHLyDw8-00147-00125128-00125432": "especially with the covid-19 pandemic", "0oOefHLyDw8-00148-00125864-00126720": "retail shops have earned a lot of money, have got a", "0oOefHLyDw8-00149-00126720-00127352": "lot of power and they have started opening restaurants inside okay and offering meals", "0oOefHLyDw8-00150-00127352-00128056": "inside the markets and the supermarkets okay those are grocerants, the mixture between", "0oOefHLyDw8-00151-00128144-00128704": "market and restaurant, okay. And it's a trend that grows", "0oOefHLyDw8-00152-00128920-00129135": "more and more popular okay.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00153-00129496-00130688": "And about sustainability, Irish lecturer spoke a lot about that okay but most of restaurants go for", "0oOefHLyDw8-00154-00130840-00131632": "zero-waste okay and also for different... not only economical and environmental sustainability but", "0oOefHLyDw8-00155-00131632-00131904": "for social sustainability okay.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00156-00132424-00133088": "Later on we will speak more about food presentation okay but this is really really", "0oOefHLyDw8-00157-00133088-00133968": "important. About food presentation two short questions to explain okay. The way you present your", "0oOefHLyDw8-00158-00133968-00134928": "dishes could be a great source of marketing and plating current trends, simplicity and elegance", "0oOefHLyDw8-00159-00134928-00135672": "could be a good option and try not to overcrowd the plate okay, later we will speak about", "0oOefHLyDw8-00160-00135880-00136048": "food presentation aspects.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00161-00136184-00137528": "And also different concepts of full service okay open kitchen restaurants okay. So again about", "0oOefHLyDw8-00162-00138024-00138864": "the consumption of local products, bear in mind that it gives a lot of personality to", "0oOefHLyDw8-00163-00138864-00139416": "your menu. When you develop your menus for the pop-up event, please try to use them because", "0oOefHLyDw8-00164-00139416-00140472": "it enriches a lot your proposal okay. Then we will go to cooking techniques.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00165-00140672-00141584": "The following aspect cooking techniques..", "0oOefHLyDw8-00166-00142080-00142984": "Ah, sorry! Something that I have forgotten, I ordered to you in", "0oOefHLyDw8-00167-00143456-00143736": "some tasks about", "0oOefHLyDw8-00168-00144288-00144672": "about local produce and was to choose", "0oOefHLyDw8-00169-00144672-00145304": "one local product and one local and seasonal product that you would like to promote okay so", "0oOefHLyDw8-00170-00145536-00146304": "I have seen some things like that in Omnia and Tartu but in Vamia, George and", "0oOefHLyDw8-00171-00146400-00147080": "the rest of the team, have you thought about any local product", "0oOefHLyDw8-00172-00147080-00147758": "that you would like to to promote? Have you something in mind related to this?", "0oOefHLyDw8-00173-00148572-00149672": "yeah I know like here in Vaasa I know", "0oOefHLyDw8-00174-00149672-00150744": "like a place that like they produce local vegetables if I'm not mistaken like nearby here", "0oOefHLyDw8-00175-00150744-00151784": "in Vaasa so and also some of the restaurants here they serve locally they purchase", "0oOefHLyDw8-00176-00151784-00153144": "locally grown ingredients from here, restaurants. Is any ingredient or that has", "0oOefHLyDw8-00177-00153248-00154344": "caught your attention that you say \"I would like to cook this or to try with this in?\"", "0oOefHLyDw8-00178-00154344-00155264": "It's like they have also salmon and also pike perch, a white fish I'm sorry white fish so it's", "0oOefHLyDw8-00179-00155488-00155832": "they are also a wholesaler here like they produce", "0oOefHLyDw8-00180-00155832-00156280": "in some of the- ah they provide some of the restaurants here.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00181-00156512-00156656": "What kind of white fish?", "0oOefHLyDw8-00182-00156880-00157712": "I'm not really sure what kind of white fish is that I just know that because before I work", "0oOefHLyDw8-00183-00157712-00158584": "in a restaurant here and we purchase the fish from there directly from there and they said that", "0oOefHLyDw8-00184-00158712-00159464": "all the... some, some of the restaurants here in Vaasa purchase from them.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00185-00159608-00160528": "Okay so it's interesting in your in your menu for the pop-up event just to to be", "0oOefHLyDw8-00186-00160528-00161480": "curious and to try different ingredients in local ingredients but it's with by curiosity to", "0oOefHLyDw8-00187-00161480-00162024": "check them, to taste them, to manipulate them and to think that something that could be", "0oOefHLyDw8-00188-00162024-00162760": "appealing okay because it's when use something different or I don't know it's like a", "0oOefHLyDw8-00189-00162760-00163632": "it catches your interest okay so try and make proofs at home and", "0oOefHLyDw8-00190-00163632-00164384": "try to cook them whether it's worth to include in your menus okay.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00191-00164600-00165561": "yeah not only of course because of sustainability or becauseof economical stuff but also for culture.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00192-00165561-00165902": "Okay, okay thank you that is good!", "0oOefHLyDw8-00193-00165902-00166158": "And...", "0oOefHLyDw8-00194-00166760-00167384": "Okay and the following part was about cooking techniques okay.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00195-00167992-00168856": "Different cooking techniques. We have here what kind of cooking techniques, the task was about", "0oOefHLyDw8-00196-00168856-00169304": "cooking techniques, presentation and plating. Try a recipe using your local produce", "0oOefHLyDw8-00197-00169304-00169760": "combine two techniques, traditional or modern one and would you mind to show us", "0oOefHLyDw8-00198-00169968-00170968": "the result? Okay, picture or a video so I have seen the, I have watched the video of Omnia, it's", "0oOefHLyDw8-00199-00170968-00171760": "really great, great! Okay and I have read the the draft of Tartu, very very interesting!", "0oOefHLyDw8-00200-00171760-00172840": "Okay so please, when you choose your local product, make proofs okay and record them.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00201-00172840-00173784": "Picture, a video or your ideas so you can share them in your blogs, your Facebook group and", "0oOefHLyDw8-00202-00173904-00175184": "we can add some feedback. Okay about cooking techniques! We have here a presentation", "0oOefHLyDw8-00203-00175504-00176272": "and cooking techniques, all style and new cooking techniques and the most important", "0oOefHLyDw8-00204-00176272-00177008": "part for me is the reason of the reason to be of those techniques. Okay so we have like", "0oOefHLyDw8-00205-00177008-00177600": "two groups: the old style techniques, modern techniques. The old style techniques were", "0oOefHLyDw8-00206-00177600-00178448": "originally was just to make food more digestible it was like this and digestible and safe.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00207-00178568-00179400": "That's it, that was the the main purpose okay and for that purpose they used available resources in", "0oOefHLyDw8-00208-00179400-00180320": "some places just a bit of wood and fire and that was the- there wasn't pots, pans, gas induction so", "0oOefHLyDw8-00209-00180320-00181208": "that was the only available resource. And in other places where fresh food was not available", "0oOefHLyDw8-00210-00181208-00182184": "that was just to preserve okay and to cover somehow possible bad smells or flavors okay.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00211-00182312-00182984": "Those are old style techniques okay, the purpose of them wasn't", "0oOefHLyDw8-00212-00183144-00183888": "and so wasn't gastronomical but just was the purpose was to prepare the food to", "0oOefHLyDw8-00213-00183888-00184592": "to eat them okay. The modern techniques have another purposes, another aims, another objectives.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00214-00184728-00185400": "Could be enhanced flavors, modern techniques could be useful for regularity.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00215-00185400-00186320": "To obtain regularity means obtain always the same result, okay, it's a like a mathematical", "0oOefHLyDw8-00216-00186320-00187072": "rule okay, always the same result. To surprise, using new textures could be surprising okay", "0oOefHLyDw8-00217-00187072-00187344": "could catch your attention, could be a bit of show.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00218-00187408-00187848": "And also of course in restaurants, in businesses for economical profit.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00219-00188248-00188576": "Past cooking techniques, we have a different part of them", "0oOefHLyDw8-00220-00188704-00189288": "we know most of them could be roasted in salt, could be boiled in seawater.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00221-00189440-00190392": "Our ancient fishermen and fisherwoman used to getthe water of the sea and boiled fish and seafood", "0oOefHLyDw8-00222-00190496-00191136": "on the ship while they were fishing okay. Salted and smoked, very typical in", "0oOefHLyDw8-00223-00191224-00191984": "Scandinavian countries okay to salt and to smoke fish, meat or whatever to a stew", "0oOefHLyDw8-00224-00192160-00192680": "and to confit. Why was so popular to stew in all times?", "0oOefHLyDw8-00225-00193024-00193984": "it was so popular because to a stew was like to put everything together in a pot, to cover it and", "0oOefHLyDw8-00226-00193984-00194680": "to cook everything in their own juices okay it was like this, okay. Still", "0oOefHLyDw8-00227-00194680-00195336": "it was very very basic cooking technique from cold put everything together and to stew it okay.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00228-00195424-00196064": "And also in some places to confit which means to cook in their own fat.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00229-00196160-00197144": "Very typical in France with duck products, with pork products as well okay is just to put", "0oOefHLyDw8-00230-00197368-00198160": "the meat with their own fat and to cook it okay in a pot and then you can preserve it canned.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00231-00198160-00198872": "Okay, very old style cooking techniques. And we have here modern cooking techniques,", "0oOefHLyDw8-00232-00198872-00199536": "different cooking techniques. Okay the first one has been or became", "0oOefHLyDw8-00233-00199632-00200360": "very popular in Spain at least and in other countries okay, the molecular cooking and was to", "0oOefHLyDw8-00234-00200360-00201344": "transform different ingredients okay using their chemical properties to get different surprising", "0oOefHLyDw8-00235-00201344-00202242": "textures, flavors like sferifications, foams, jellies okay. Was like", "0oOefHLyDw8-00236-00202272-00202928": "to offer the ingredients in a different way, in a surprising way okay. More related", "0oOefHLyDw8-00237-00202928-00203576": "with show cooking okay, it was like something when you offer or you plate", "0oOefHLyDw8-00238-00203800-00204504": "in front of the customer a preparation with nitrogen okay with like a lot of spectacular", "0oOefHLyDw8-00239-00204504-00205128": "a lot of show on that okay and it could be interesting and could be exciting for the customer.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00240-00205400-00205528": "We have another", "0oOefHLyDw8-00241-00205784-00206496": "technique called sous vide. I guess you know this, you have worked with this kind of techniques.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00242-00206496-00207416": "Sous vide which means to cook under vacuum and sous vide has a lot of advantages which is", "0oOefHLyDw8-00243-00207416-00208376": "mainly consistency. Always, you always get the same result okay, always. It reduces costs", "0oOefHLyDw8-00244-00208456-00209232": "a lot and enhances flavors and textures okay. Do you use a sous vide technique", "0oOefHLyDw8-00245-00209496-00210223": "in your schools, in your restaurants do you use sous vide technique? Yeah we practice few.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00246-00210223-00211232": "Uh-huh with which kind of ingredients do you use? A steak and especially that pork.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00247-00211304-00211871": "Uh-huh for pork okay and they are long cooking processes in time I mean.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00248-00212056-00213133": "Yeah it is, it is long process. Mm-hmm okay well, the main advantage of sous vide is that once you", "0oOefHLyDw8-00249-00213133-00213805": "get the formula, the way to to cook properly somethingthe result is always the same.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00250-00213805-00214541": "You apply two aspects that are time and temperature and you always get the same result", "0oOefHLyDw8-00251-00214541-00215352": "and the preservation time is really really really long because thepasteurization rate is also very long.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00252-00215352-00216336": "So a lot of restaurants and companies use this kind of technique because of these advantages.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00253-00216552-00217184": "And those are mainly the techniques", "0oOefHLyDw8-00254-00217448-00218008": "the difference between old style and", "0oOefHLyDw8-00255-00218416-00218584": "new techniques we have here a video", "0oOefHLyDw8-00256-00218760-00219664": "a video that mixes somehow both techniques okay, it's a recipe with pork is a Iberian pork", "0oOefHLyDw8-00257-00219880-00219984": "piece okay", "0oOefHLyDw8-00258-00222256-00222823": "is a specific part of the Iberian pork okay it's in the shoulder, this piece is", "0oOefHLyDw8-00259-00222896-00223080": "in the shoulder of the pig okay", "0oOefHLyDw8-00260-00223592-00224184": "First they have seared the piece then they have seal it under vacuum and they have cooked", "0oOefHLyDw8-00261-00224448-00224704": "in a a hot marinade", "0oOefHLyDw8-00262-00224792-00225704": "Okay this is the piece and then they are going to sear it in a charcoal grill.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00263-00226671-00227671": "The Iberian pork meat is quite similar to red meat okay it's quite red okay it had very very tasty", "0oOefHLyDw8-00264-00227888-00228384": "pork meat.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00265-00229823-00230671": "Now they are preparing some pearls with agar agar, they have done it with agar agar", "0oOefHLyDw8-00266-00231144-00231280": "and they put the pearls", "0oOefHLyDw8-00267-00231623-00232400": "in cold sunflower oil okay this way the outside of the pearls", "0oOefHLyDw8-00268-00232400-00233984": "gets solid okay and the inside is creamy.", "0oOefHLyDw8-00269-00234456-00234816": "And once the surface is solid they get it out", "0oOefHLyDw8-00270-00235056-00235728": "and now they plate the Iberian prey as you can see the meat is like", "0oOefHLyDw8-00271-00235840-00236208": "veal or wheat beef meat it's very very red."}}, {"audio_id": "0oUkKALTA5y", "text": {"0oUkKALTA5y-00000-00000770-00001464": "hello and welcome to my channel!", "0oUkKALTA5y-00001-00001474-00002178": "there are all kinds of minecraft pvp on this channel!", "0oUkKALTA5y-00002-00002192-00002892": "we are currently on the server \"trustpvp.net\" or \"trustpvp.de\" don't know xD", "0oUkKALTA5y-00003-00003099-00003753": "you can also play with me skype: 7LegendHD", "0oUkKALTA5y-00004-00003787-00004474": "tomorrow comes the first video so...", "0oUkKALTA5y-00005-00004507-00005208": "so see you tomorrow", "0oUkKALTA5y-00006-00005342-00006039": "bye!"}}, {"audio_id": "0oWsH7IwttQ", "text": {"0oWsH7IwttQ-00000-00000112-00000816": "hey guys welcome back to another video uh has been very long i haven't record blooming legacy", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00001-00000936-00001496": "has a lot of new updates the new vari evolution oxa drake from the contest winner and a new vari", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00002-00001496-00002104": "evolution we're solden and today i'm going to show you how to get the new vari evolution result so", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00003-00002104-00003024": "first of all of course the basics i already have one here but first you need to have a", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00004-00003024-00003815": "you need to have a vary so let me see if i have other worries because this is my first worry", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00005-00003984-00004552": "i'm gonna try to change it a bit with something where did my eleg wanna go", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00006-00004864-00004976": "oh yeah right here", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00007-00005248-00005400": "and then I'm going to change", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00008-00005640-00006000": "what I have another worry just don't get up", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00009-00006488-00007223": "that's just no if not it's okay though I get yeah never mind I'll just use it", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00010-00007359-00008112": "doesn't really actually do anything bad so first of all you need to get a worry here uh", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00011-00008352-00008992": "I think you need to keep it male or it can be female 2 but I don't know", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00012-00009520-00010008": "put this up this works I'll try to catch more varies if it doesn't work", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00013-00010008-00010560": "and then I'll show it up so you need to go south right city this is the battle", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00014-00010560-00011384": "theater it's right in front of the battlefield here there's a writing of gym rats we go then", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00015-00011600-00011744": "and then you talk to this guy", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00016-00012376-00012408": "yes", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00017-00012640-00013600": "so the heavy bag challenge you can just use any loomian but it must be the, oh it must be the vari", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00018-00013672-00014240": "to ko it hopefully this works if it doesn't it's okay I'm just going to catch more", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00019-00014984-00015744": "then this hit it with mega punch prolly just lowers the tile almost a 1 hp", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00020-00015840-00016984": "then let your vary finish it off with any move as long as it just damages and hit", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00021-00017120-00017520": "now that it's little I'll change my loomians", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00022-00017600-00018384": "to the body sorry if I name it kind of weird I don't know I just love it that way and then", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00023-00018568-00019152": "you even though it's literally doesn't mean anything just hit it keep on hitting it with a", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00024-00019256-00020048": "quick pounce or a headbutt or whatever it is it is you gotta keep on hitting it with", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00025-00020048-00020808": "worry it doesn't need to be the value literally this aurora is it you just needed a vari to ko it", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00026-00021152-00021296": "I try to use my moire", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00027-00021520-00021576": "air whip", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00028-00021968-00022840": "there it is nothing hmm I feel slap it that also does nothing", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00029-00023248-00023480": "uh air with one more time", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00030-00023616-00024344": "and now it's low health it's gonna be a little more though but never mind that I'm gonna use a", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00031-00024344-00025104": "a vari and just", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00032-00025336-00025952": "literally needs to be no no you can rest and get energy because the heavy bag couldn't attack", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00033-00026024-00026424": "so whatever you do you can just do it there's the challenge just ignore the", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00034-00026424-00026839": "challenge I'm just gonna hit it with a quick bomb hit the button", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00035-00027344-00027832": "I think it wouldn't work because it's female so it wouldn't evolve but I don't know", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00036-00028720-00029192": "ah that is a tiny tiny tiny tiny thingy", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00037-00029280-00029680": "uh no rest one more time it's taking way longer than I thought", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00038-00030472-00030983": "and now it falls again XP", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00039-00031912-00032383": "oh it does is evolving", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00040-00032832-00033152": "evolving right now and", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00041-00033440-00034424": "as you say it turns into wrestling this woman looks pretty sick now it's going", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00042-00034424-00035232": "to try to learn adaptive assault yeah I'm just going to let it learn adapted assault", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00043-00035232-00035600": "or just spare I think that doesn't move anything", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00044-00036144-00036168": "now", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00045-00036504-00037432": "so this is my current person then this is the one that i just want so you see guys", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00046-00037504-00038208": "you just need to get a new varies it could be female or male you just hit it", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00047-00038312-00038952": "you can hit it with anything it's effective for fighting brawler types and but it must be", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00048-00038952-00040168": "the body to kill it now for stats there it's a pure brawler and it's got amazing melee attacks", "0oWsH7IwttQ-00049-00040264-00041296": "stats a really really nice spider anyways guys see you next time in another video and bye-bye"}}, {"audio_id": "0oa-vxXUjNy", "text": {"0oa-vxXUjNy-00000-00000127-00000361": "NARRATOR: What is reflection?", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00001-00000361-00000832": "When a student reflects constructively on their learning experiences, meaningful connections", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00002-00000832-00001140": "are created between theory and practice.", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00003-00001140-00001588": "These connections then lead to the formation of abstract concepts and generalizations that", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00004-00001588-00001917": "can be used to test new experiences in future situations.", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00005-00001917-00002475": "It is a necessary and integral component of a successful EL process, as the practice of", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00006-00002475-00003059": "reflection completes the learning cycle, equipping the student for continuous, lifelong learning.", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00007-00003059-00003559": "It also leads to enhanced self-awareness, improved critical thinking and expanded communication", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00008-00003559-00004084": "skills, all of which enable greater impact both in the moment of learning and in future", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00009-00004084-00004433": "learning environments.", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00010-00004433-00005485": "TRACY MITCHELL-ASHLEY: So when I have students research, they always research in community-forward,", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00011-00005485-00005657": "community-minded ways.", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00012-00005657-00006119": "And I always give students the option to then follow through with the research that they're", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00013-00006119-00006476": "doing for their reports and their essays and their presentations.", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00014-00006476-00006988": "And that can look like where they work in the community, experience working with a community", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00015-00006988-00007563": "partner, or being involved with a community partner to do some good.", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00016-00007563-00007831": "And then they have the opportunity to reflect on that.", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00017-00007831-00008346": "So the assignment in the class will look like designing a report that's based on research,", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00018-00008346-00008709": "where they then go out and do something with that research in the community, and then come", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00019-00008709-00008881": "back and share with their peers in the classroom.", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00020-00008881-00008981": "So community service learning to me, has been a fantastic strategy for engaging students,", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00021-00008981-00009081": "and I find that when they engage in that way, the quality of their work is better, their", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00022-00009081-00009181": "engagement, their retention and all of those things that are tick boxes for me as a faculty.", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00023-00009181-00009281": "ANDREWS MOSES: We do talk about it.", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00024-00009281-00009381": "Because that's one thing I've learned.", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00025-00009381-00009888": "Students, you have to kind of talk to them quite often.", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00026-00009888-00010420": "Not as much as a full-time employee, but we set up some kind of benchmark like biweekly.", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00027-00010420-00010739": "At least, take them out for lunch.", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00028-00010739-00010934": "It's off the office setting.", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00029-00010934-00011449": "Just let them talk, and you hear a few points where, you know, whether they're going through", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00030-00011449-00011661": "a rough patch, are they enjoying it.", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00031-00011661-00012034": "It's easy for me to just gauge the feeling and then guide them through.", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00032-00012034-00012504": "HOLLY CATALFAMO: So, in terms of interpersonal relationships, conflict resolution, self-motivation,", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00033-00012504-00013188": "self-awareness, that's set up front and throughout the internship, the students are required", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00034-00013188-00013794": "to keep logs and reflect upon their experience in terms of what they're working on and how", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00035-00013794-00014165": "that's helping them grow as a professional.", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00036-00014165-00014902": "In terms of the final documentation that is required to come into the college, that is", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00037-00014902-00015155": "reviewed with the internship host and the student.", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00038-00015155-00015259": "They review it.", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00039-00015259-00015375": "They discuss it.", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00040-00015375-00015893": "They talk about not only the strengths but where are the areas for growth and development", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00041-00015893-00016350": "in the future, so as the student leaves, they have the beginning of a personal development", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00042-00016350-00016605": "plan, which I think is essential.", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00043-00016605-00017173": "They're just beginning their journey and they also are required to do a reflection on their", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00044-00017173-00017273": "internship experience.", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00045-00017273-00017373": "And quite honestly, that came from one of our placement hosts who shared with us ... She", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00046-00017373-00017473": "also sat on our program advisory committee and she shared with us that she had students", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00047-00017473-00017573": "doing these reflections and then sitting down with the student at the end of the placement", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00048-00017573-00017673": "and discussing their experiences and how they grew as an individual and she was sharing", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00049-00017673-00017773": "this with us and we decided to adopt that as a best practice and I think it's a really", "0oa-vxXUjNy-00050-00017773-00017773": "critical piece."}}, {"audio_id": "00gQ5x7yUR0", "text": {"00gQ5x7yUR0-00000-00001467-00001759": "This is the final segment of the first lecture in a series", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00001-00001759-00001918": "of lectures on copyright.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00002-00001918-00002171": "In this segment, I'll examine the system", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00003-00002171-00002388": "of multilateral treaties that bind", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00004-00002388-00002758": "most countries in the world.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00005-00002758-00002950": "A WORD OF WARNING: This material is intricate.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00006-00002950-00003238": "You are unlikely to retain all of it right now.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00007-00003238-00003440": "Several times during the remainder", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00008-00003440-00003747": "of this lecture series we will return to these themes.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00009-00003747-00004065": "By the end of the series, you should feel comfortable", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00010-00004065-00004300": "with this important dimension of copyright law.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00011-00004579-00004811": "Each country in the world creates, interprets,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00012-00004811-00005055": "and enforces its own copyright laws.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00013-00005055-00005348": "With minor exceptions that we'll consider in a minute,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00014-00005348-00005562": "the force of those laws reach no further", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00015-00005562-00005675": "than the country's borders.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00016-00005675-00006019": "To put the same point a bit more formally,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00017-00006019-00006470": "copyright law has no extraterritorial application.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00018-00006470-00007061": "It controls conduct only so far as the nation's edge.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00019-00007061-00007355": "Suppose, to illustrate, that I'm an American musician.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00020-00007355-00007650": "I write and record a song in the United States.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00021-00007650-00007991": "You're a French musician, in the United States on vacation.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00022-00007991-00008262": "You hear the song broadcast on the radio.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00023-00008262-00008365": "You like it.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00024-00008365-00008502": "You return home.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00025-00008502-00008782": "Without my permission, you make your own recording", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00026-00008782-00008963": "of the song in France and sell copies", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00027-00008963-00009138": "of that recording in France.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00028-00009138-00009608": "Or you perform the song in a public venue in France.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00029-00009608-00009848": "US copyright law will not reach your behavior,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00030-00009848-00010046": "because none of the acts that might violate", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00031-00010046-00010501": "my exclusive rights under US law occur in the United States.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00032-00010501-00010863": "French copyright law might, because the acts at issue", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00033-00010863-00011133": "occurred in France, but only if French law", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00034-00011133-00011500": "shields US composers, like me.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00035-00011500-00011852": "In any event, US copyright law won't apply to your behavior,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00036-00011852-00012350": "because it has no grip outside US territory.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00037-00012350-00012580": "As I mentioned earlier, there are some minor exceptions", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00038-00012580-00013069": "to this principle -- a few of them noted on your screen.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00039-00013069-00013331": "--The so-called \"predicate act\" doctrine", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00040-00013331-00013553": "enables US copyright law to reach", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00041-00013553-00014191": "acts commenced in the US that are completed outside the US.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00042-00014191-00014469": "--When a defendant engages in infringing behavior", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00043-00014469-00014849": "in the US, that enables him to earn profits outside the US,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00044-00014849-00015038": "courts will permit the copyright owner", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00045-00015038-00015503": "to recover those profits in US courts.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00046-00015503-00015734": "--For a while, some courts took the position", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00047-00015734-00015918": "that if a defendant in the United States", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00048-00015918-00016188": "\"authorized\" behavior outside the US,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00049-00016188-00016506": "he would violate US copyright law if the behavior at issue", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00050-00016506-00016834": "would have been unlawful if it happened here.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00051-00016834-00017030": "The Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00052-00017030-00017379": "reconsidered this issue in a case involving the distribution", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00053-00017379-00017844": "outside the US of videocassettes of the classic Beatles", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00054-00017844-00018079": "movie, \"Yellow Submarine.\"", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00055-00018079-00018379": "The outcome of the case is that the court rejected", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00056-00018379-00018710": "its earlier position, finding authorization", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00057-00018710-00019056": "of extraterritorial behavior insufficient to trigger", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00058-00019056-00019249": "a violation of US law.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00059-00019249-00019510": "There has been some grumbling about this stance", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00060-00019510-00019893": "among lower courts in other circuits, but for the most part", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00061-00019893-00020400": "the judgment of the Ninth Circuit seems to have held up.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00062-00020400-00020590": "Troublesome edge cases of this sort", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00063-00020590-00020789": "are likely to multiply in the future,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00064-00020789-00021080": "as technology blurs national boundaries.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00065-00021080-00021327": "For example, which country's laws", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00066-00021327-00021676": "apply when a radio or television broadcast containing", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00067-00021676-00022019": "copyrighted material originates in country #1", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00068-00022019-00022462": "but is then received and watched by viewers in country #2?", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00069-00022462-00022764": "A pair of judicial decisions in the United States take", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00070-00022764-00023093": "the position that such acts are governed by the law of country", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00071-00023093-00023596": "#2 -- and thus that a Canadian broadcast received by US", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00072-00023596-00023981": "viewers is subject to US law.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00073-00023981-00024231": "The Internet will surely generate many more worrisome", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00074-00024231-00024394": "problems of this sort.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00075-00024394-00024702": "But the presence of these difficult edge cases", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00076-00024702-00024844": "should not cause you to lose sight", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00077-00024844-00025049": "of the basic, fundamental principle:", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00078-00025049-00025329": "each country adopts its own copyright laws,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00079-00025329-00025657": "and those laws only apply to acts in that country.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00080-00025966-00026183": "When a country develops its own copyright law,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00081-00026183-00026541": "may it discriminate in favor of its own citizens or residents?", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00082-00026541-00026987": "In other words, may it disfavor foreign authors?", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00083-00026987-00027194": "For a long time, the answer was yes.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00084-00027194-00027408": "Indeed, until the late 19th century,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00085-00027408-00027686": "it was common for countries to deny copyright protection", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00086-00027686-00027960": "altogether to foreign authors.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00087-00027960-00028414": "For example until 1891, works by foreign authors", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00088-00028414-00028742": "first published outside United States received no copyright", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00089-00028742-00028970": "protection at all in the United States.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00090-00028970-00029305": "Foreign authors (most famously, Charles Dickens)", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00091-00029305-00029567": "and some US authors denounced this practice", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00092-00029567-00030039": "and sought reform of US copyright law, but to no avail.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00093-00030039-00030202": "What underlay this practice?", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00094-00030202-00030479": "What would prompt a country, like the United States,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00095-00030479-00030738": "to discriminate against foreign authors?", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00096-00030738-00031032": "Several forces seem to have been at work.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00097-00031032-00031426": "Simple nationalism is part of the explanation.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00098-00031426-00031762": "A more complex explanation is that copyright protection", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00099-00031762-00032057": "is often thought of as a tax on consumers.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00100-00032057-00032308": "By granting an author exclusive rights,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00101-00032308-00032706": "copyright law enables the author to raise the price of copies", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00102-00032706-00032985": "of his or her work -- or to charge more for admission", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00103-00032985-00033240": "to performances of those works --", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00104-00033240-00033564": "thereby forcing consumers to pay more for those copies", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00105-00033564-00033727": "or performances.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00106-00033727-00034020": "The rationale of that price increase, of course,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00107-00034020-00034375": "is to provide a reward or incentive for creativity --", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00108-00034375-00034627": "a rationale that we will examine in much more detail", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00109-00034627-00034795": "in subsequent lectures.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00110-00034795-00035018": "For present purposes, the crucial point", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00111-00035018-00035329": "is that copyright protection causes price increases.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00112-00035329-00035664": "Historically, many nations were reluctant to force", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00113-00035664-00035913": "their own residents to pay those increased", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00114-00035913-00036165": "prices if the monies raised thereby", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00115-00036165-00036479": "were to be paid to authors in other countries, even", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00116-00036479-00036674": "(or especially) if the result would", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00117-00036674-00037159": "be to stimulate creativity in those other countries.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00118-00037159-00037329": "Attitudes of these sorts help to explain", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00119-00037329-00037584": "the origins of the practice of discriminating", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00120-00037584-00037723": "against foreigners.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00121-00037723-00037978": "Perpetuation of that practice, however,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00122-00037978-00038424": "is probably better explained by interest-group politics.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00123-00038424-00038693": "For example, as Bill Patry has shown,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00124-00038693-00038939": "in the United States during the 19th century,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00125-00038939-00039213": "many businesses came to depend financially", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00126-00039213-00039476": "upon their privilege to print and distribute", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00127-00039476-00039721": "inexpensive copies of British books.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00128-00039721-00040009": "Such businesses included publishers, printers,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00129-00040009-00040163": "and bookbinders.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00130-00040163-00040498": "Not surprisingly, when legislative proposals", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00131-00040498-00040828": "to end the discrimination against foreign authors arose,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00132-00040828-00041126": "the interest groups that would have been hurt by the change", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00133-00041126-00041288": "lobbied against it.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00134-00041288-00041739": "They were successful until 1891.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00135-00041739-00042096": "Indeed, when the law was eventually changed,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00136-00042096-00042294": "the publishers and printers were able", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00137-00042294-00042538": "to secure an important qualification:", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00138-00042538-00042729": "copyright protection was extended", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00139-00042729-00043050": "to nonresident foreign authors (more specifically,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00140-00043050-00043242": "to foreign authors from countries offering", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00141-00043242-00043481": "similar protection to US authors),", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00142-00043481-00043725": "but only if copies of their works", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00143-00043725-00044057": "were manufactured in the United States.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00144-00044057-00044405": "This protectionist measure, known as the \"manufacturing", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00145-00044405-00044665": "clause,\" was eliminated with respect", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00146-00044665-00045062": "to foreign authors in 1955 and eliminated for US authors", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00147-00045062-00045238": "in 1986.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00148-00045238-00045630": "Its significance in the present context is that it illustrates", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00149-00045630-00045976": "the ways in which the financial interests of an industry often", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00150-00045976-00046317": "congeal around a particular set of copyright laws --", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00151-00046317-00046675": "and then retard any modification of those laws.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00152-00046675-00047035": "We'll see several other examples of that dynamic later", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00153-00047035-00047110": "in these lectures.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00154-00047374-00047642": "Let's return to the main theme: As we have seen,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00155-00047642-00047941": "one byproduct of the principle that copyright protection is", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00156-00047941-00048394": "nation-specific and has no extraterritorial application", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00157-00048394-00048802": "is that countries could, and for a long time did, discriminate", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00158-00048802-00049034": "against foreign authors.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00159-00049034-00049357": "Another important byproduct is that, historically,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00160-00049357-00049548": "copyright laws in different countries", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00161-00049548-00049838": "differed dramatically.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00162-00049838-00050102": "Here's an illustration to which we'll return frequently in this", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00163-00050102-00050513": "course: Countries in continental Europe have long accorded", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00164-00050513-00050932": "generous protection to what is referred to as \"droit moral\" --", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00165-00050932-00051266": "loosely translated in English as \"moral rights.\"", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00166-00051266-00051540": "These are said to be noneconomic rights;", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00167-00051540-00051813": "they shield the personal or personhood interests", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00168-00051813-00052073": "of authors and artists, rather than their interests", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00169-00052073-00052264": "in making money.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00170-00052264-00052612": "For example, moral rights forbid the purchaser of a painting", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00171-00052612-00052971": "from defacing it or obscuring the identity of the artist who", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00172-00052971-00053078": "painted it.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00173-00053078-00053416": "Such acts might not damage the artist financially,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00174-00053416-00053672": "but they threaten the bond between the artist", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00175-00053672-00053927": "and her creations.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00176-00053927-00054249": "By contrast, countries whose legal systems were primarily", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00177-00054249-00054566": "influenced by Great Britain have long been more skeptical", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00178-00054566-00054699": "of these moral rights.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00179-00054699-00054976": "Such countries include the United States, Australia,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00180-00054976-00055233": "New Zealand, and so forth.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00181-00055233-00055511": "The upshot is that the existence or force of moral rights", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00182-00055511-00055766": "traditionally varied sharply across the world.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00183-00055766-00056100": "The more general point is that, historically,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00184-00056100-00056353": "the entitlements enjoyed by authors and artists", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00185-00056353-00056615": "were quite different in different countries.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00186-00056615-00056865": "That's where things stood in the late 19th century:", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00187-00056865-00057173": "widespread discrimination against foreign authors,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00188-00057173-00057597": "and wide divergences among the laws in different countries.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00189-00057597-00057859": "There then began a long process, which", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00190-00057859-00058155": "continues to the present day, of convergence", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00191-00058155-00058358": "of national copyright laws.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00192-00058358-00058820": "Convergence has encompassed 3 intertwined trends:", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00193-00058820-00059062": "1st the elimination of discrimination", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00194-00059062-00059215": "against foreigners.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00195-00059215-00059675": "2nd the mitigation of variations across countries --", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00196-00059675-00059988": "exemplified by the reduction in the divergence among countries", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00197-00059988-00060203": "concerning the meaning of originality,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00198-00060203-00060486": "discussed earlier in this lecture", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00199-00060486-00060853": "And 3rd, a steady increase in the scope, strength,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00200-00060853-00061265": "and duration of copyright protection in all countries.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00201-00061265-00061486": "These are important, so I'll repeat:", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00202-00061486-00061689": "1st the elimination of discrimination", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00203-00061689-00061848": "against foreigners.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00204-00061848-00062224": "2nd the reduction of variations across countries.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00205-00062224-00062569": "And 3rd, an increase in the scope, strength, and duration", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00206-00062569-00062884": "of copyright protection.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00207-00062884-00063190": "There's no logical link between those three dimensions.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00208-00063190-00063508": "For example, you could imagine harmonization having been", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00209-00063508-00063779": "achieved through universal adoption of the least common", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00210-00063779-00064166": "denominator -- the laws of the least protective country.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00211-00064166-00064460": "In other words, we could have seen a leveling down,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00212-00064460-00064671": "rather than a leveling up.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00213-00064671-00064910": "How and why the three trends nevertheless", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00214-00064910-00065113": "have been linked historically is one", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00215-00065113-00065377": "of the major issues in the legal history of copyright.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00216-00065377-00065621": "I hope, by the end of these lectures,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00217-00065621-00065856": "you'll have a better sense of the possible answers.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00218-00066205-00066638": "The primary vehicles of this process of convergence were", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00219-00066638-00066858": "a series of multilateral agreements --", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00220-00066858-00067189": "treaties or analogous deals among many countries.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00221-00067189-00067436": "Since the late 19th century, there", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00222-00067436-00067715": "have been seven major multilateral agreements", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00223-00067715-00067904": "implicating copyright law.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00224-00067904-00068176": "They are listed on the map in front of you:", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00225-00068176-00068318": "--the Berne Convention;", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00226-00068318-00068597": "--the Universal Copyright Convention;", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00227-00068597-00068802": "--the International Convention For the Protection", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00228-00068802-00069158": "of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00229-00069158-00069642": "Organizations, commonly known as the Rome Convention;", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00230-00069642-00069838": "--the \"Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00231-00069838-00069982": "of Intellectual Property Rights,\"", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00232-00069982-00070376": "commonly known (confusingly) as TRIPS;", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00233-00070376-00070722": "--the 1996 treaty adopted under the auspices of the World", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00234-00070722-00070909": "Intellectual Property Organization,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00235-00070909-00071290": "commonly known as WIPO Copyright Treaty;", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00236-00071290-00071600": "--the contemporaneous WIPO Performances and Phonograms", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00237-00071600-00071739": "Treaty;", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00238-00071739-00072075": "--and the recently concluded Marrakesh Treaty", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00239-00072075-00072426": "for the Visually Impaired.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00240-00072426-00072624": "All of these agreements are complex.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00241-00072624-00072879": "I'm not going to attempt here to walk you through all", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00242-00072879-00073024": "of their various provisions.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00243-00073024-00073271": "Instead, in this lecture, I will identify", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00244-00073271-00073552": "the most important general themes of these agreements.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00245-00073552-00073897": "In subsequent lectures, when addressing specific sets", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00246-00073897-00074148": "of legal rules that have been shaped or constrained", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00247-00074148-00074484": "by these treaties, we will return to the relevant treaty", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00248-00074484-00074534": "provisions.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00249-00074826-00074964": "The two most important agreements", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00250-00074964-00075200": "are the Berne Convention and the TRIPS agreement,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00251-00075200-00075541": "so we will spend most of our time on those.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00252-00075541-00075718": "The Berne Convention is the grandparent", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00253-00075718-00075897": "of these multilateral agreements.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00254-00075897-00076141": "It was the first to be adopted.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00255-00076141-00076413": "The negotiations that resulted in the Berne Convention", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00256-00076413-00076879": "began in 1858 and finally culminated in 1886,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00257-00076879-00077126": "with the adoption by 10 countries", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00258-00077126-00077425": "of the original version of the convention.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00259-00077425-00077783": "Since then it's been revised 7 times.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00260-00077783-00078100": "If you click on the icon associated with the \"History\"", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00261-00078100-00078455": "subtopic in the map, you'll find a series of slides that provide", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00262-00078455-00078830": "details concerning the evolution of the Berne Convention --", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00263-00078830-00079001": "when different provisions were added,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00264-00079001-00079412": "and how many countries signed on to each version.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00265-00079412-00079777": "Today (meaning, as of January 2016),", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00266-00079777-00080119": "the Convention has been joined by 168 countries,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00267-00080119-00080440": "extending its reach over most of the world.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00268-00080440-00081476": "Here's a map showing its coverage.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00269-00081476-00081759": "Three dimensions of the current version of the Berne Convention", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00270-00081759-00081903": "are crucial:", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00271-00081903-00082264": "The first is the so-called national-treatment principle.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00272-00082264-00082576": "Prior to the Berne Convention, some countries", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00273-00082576-00082838": "had been chipping away at the widespread practice", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00274-00082838-00083054": "of discrimination against foreign authors", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00275-00083054-00083312": "through adoption in bilateral treaties", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00276-00083312-00083666": "of the so-called reciprocity principle.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00277-00083666-00083893": "As its name suggests, the reciprocity principle", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00278-00083893-00084095": "depends upon two or more countries each", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00279-00084095-00084438": "extending rights to the residents of the other(s).", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00280-00084438-00084768": "Country number #1 agrees to grant copyright protection", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00281-00084768-00085086": "to the residents of Country number #2 if and only", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00282-00085086-00085320": "if Country #2 grants copyright protection", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00283-00085320-00085570": "to the residents of Country #1.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00284-00085570-00085873": "The Berne Convention -- and, as we will see,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00285-00085873-00086158": "all subsequent multilateral agreements --", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00286-00086158-00086518": "repudiate the reciprocity principle in favor", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00287-00086518-00086893": "of the simpler and more powerful national-treatment principle.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00288-00086893-00087183": "The key idea in national treatment", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00289-00087183-00087610": "is that country #1 must grant to the residents of country #2", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00290-00087610-00088188": "the same rights it grants to country #1's own residents.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00291-00088188-00088457": "To illustrate, today French authors", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00292-00088457-00088649": "are given the same rights in the United States", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00293-00088649-00089002": "as are given to US authors, and US authors", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00294-00089002-00089163": "are given the same rights in France", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00295-00089163-00089512": "as are given to French authors.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00296-00089512-00089704": "The application of this principle in the Berne", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00297-00089704-00089915": "Convention is actually somewhat more encompassing", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00298-00089915-00090107": "than I have thus far suggested.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00299-00090107-00090397": "As the map indicates, the Berne Convention", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00300-00090397-00090880": "requires each signatory country to grant to \"protected authors\"", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00301-00090880-00091149": "the same rights it accords its own nationals.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00302-00091149-00091347": "If you follow the links in the map,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00303-00091347-00091593": "you will see that the term \"protected authors\"", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00304-00091593-00091741": "is capacious.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00305-00091741-00092103": "The net effect is to require all member countries", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00306-00092103-00092693": "to extend the benefits of their copyright laws quite broadly.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00307-00092693-00092887": "In one respect, however, the application", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00308-00092887-00093087": "of the national-treatment principle in the Berne", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00309-00093087-00093537": "Convention is less encompassing than I have thus far suggested.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00310-00093537-00093798": "Specifically, the Berne Convention", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00311-00093798-00094127": "does not apply to what are called \"neighboring rights.\"", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00312-00094127-00094408": "This is the term used in many countries", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00313-00094408-00094736": "to describe the legal rights of performers and producers.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00314-00094736-00095008": "They are said to be \"neighboring rights,\" because they", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00315-00095008-00095337": "are adjacent to copyrights but not true copyrights.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00316-00095337-00095531": "Such neighboring rights are governed,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00317-00095531-00095885": "not by the Berne Convention, but by the Rome convention.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00318-00095885-00096125": "The geographic coverage of the Rome convention", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00319-00096125-00096373": "is substantially smaller than that of Berne.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00320-00096373-00096680": "As of today, 91 countries have joined.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00321-00096680-00096932": "Among the major countries not participating", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00322-00096932-00097031": "is the United States.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00323-00097031-00097428": "We will return later in this series of lectures to the ways", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00324-00097428-00097641": "that the Rome convention affects the definition", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00325-00097641-00097896": "and scope of rights of public performance.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00326-00097896-00098217": "For present purposes, the crucial point is that members", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00327-00098217-00098575": "of the Rome convention are permitted to discriminate", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00328-00098575-00098871": "against the residents of nonmember countries --", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00329-00098871-00099083": "including US nationals.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00330-00099083-00099329": "And they do.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00331-00099329-00099578": "Here's an example: France imposes", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00332-00099578-00099837": "a levy on sales of blank tapes.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00333-00099837-00100364": "The money raised to that levy is distributed as follows:", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00334-00100364-00100762": "25% is devoted to French cultural purposes;", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00335-00100762-00101090": "25% is paid to the composers of the musical compositions", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00336-00101090-00101445": "recorded on those tapes; 25% goes", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00337-00101445-00101650": "to the performers of the recordings", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00338-00101650-00101865": "of the songs recorded on the tapes;", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00339-00101865-00102345": "and 25% goes to the producers of those recordings.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00340-00102345-00102638": "US composers get a share of the 2nd slice,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00341-00102638-00102941": "because musical compositions are governed by the Berne", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00342-00102941-00103244": "Convention, and thus France may not discriminate", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00343-00103244-00103431": "against US authors.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00344-00103431-00103695": "By contrast, US performers and producers", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00345-00103695-00104019": "are excluded from the 3rd and 4th slices,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00346-00104019-00104240": "because their interests are not governed by the Berne", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00347-00104240-00104488": "Convention.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00348-00104488-00104866": "So, to review, the first key dimension of the Berne", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00349-00104866-00105124": "Convention is national treatment --", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00350-00105124-00105430": "the principle that each member country must extend", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00351-00105430-00105738": "to the residents of other member countries the same rights it", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00352-00105738-00105858": "extends to its own residents.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00353-00106171-00106368": "The 2nd of the 3 major dimensions", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00354-00106368-00106566": "of the current version of the Berne Convention", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00355-00106566-00106822": "is the prohibition on formalities.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00356-00106822-00107088": "As the map indicates, the key idea", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00357-00107088-00107317": "here is that member countries may not", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00358-00107317-00107799": "impose upon protected authors any administrative obligations", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00359-00107799-00108155": "that they have to satisfy in order to acquire, enforce,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00360-00108155-00108276": "or maintain their copyrights.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00361-00108542-00108859": "Curiously, member countries may impose such obligations", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00362-00108859-00109232": "on their own nationals -- and occasionally they do so --", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00363-00109232-00109449": "but as one might imagine, discrimination against", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00364-00109449-00109820": "one's own citizens is rare.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00365-00109820-00110169": "This prohibition on formalities creates a sharp contrast", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00366-00110169-00110391": "between copyright law and patent law.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00367-00110391-00110622": "Roughly speaking, while copyright law", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00368-00110622-00111082": "protects works of authorship, patent law protects inventions.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00369-00111082-00111377": "To obtain a patent, an inventor must", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00370-00111377-00111667": "comply with myriad administrative requirements.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00371-00111667-00111990": "Typically, he or she must apply for a patent", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00372-00111990-00112311": "within a limited period of time, and must demonstrate", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00373-00112311-00112566": "to the satisfaction of a patent examiner", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00374-00112566-00113060": "that his or her invention is useful, novel, and nonobvious.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00375-00113060-00113334": "Most patent applicants eventually succeed,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00376-00113334-00113447": "but not all.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00377-00113447-00113876": "And compliance with these requirements is costly.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00378-00113876-00114133": "Copyright law, in the overwhelming number", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00379-00114133-00114448": "of countries that adhere to the Berne Convention,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00380-00114448-00114611": "is radically different.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00381-00114611-00114931": "In those countries, there are no administrative preconditions", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00382-00114931-00115205": "to the acquisition or enforcement of copyright.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00383-00115205-00115534": "So, for example, if you happen to be taking notes", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00384-00115534-00115907": "while watching this lecture, and (as we discussed previously)", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00385-00115907-00116233": "your notes contain a bare minimum of creativity,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00386-00116233-00116553": "then you have acquired a copyright in your notes.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00387-00116553-00116872": "Similarly, if you take a snapshot of your family,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00388-00116872-00117102": "and that photograph is minimally creative,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00389-00117102-00117361": "then you acquire a copyright in the photograph.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00390-00117361-00117786": "No formal grant, no governmental imprimatur is necessary.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00391-00118073-00118447": "Historically, what underlay this hostility to formalities?", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00392-00118447-00118733": "The traditional explanation is that the countries", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00393-00118733-00118996": "most influential in the shaping of the Berne Convention", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00394-00118996-00119242": "subscribed to the so-called \"natural rights\" theory", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00395-00119242-00119358": "of copyright.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00396-00119358-00119651": "If an author's control over his or her creations", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00397-00119651-00119974": "is a natural right, then the interposition", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00398-00119974-00120254": "of governmental formalities would seem unacceptable.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00399-00120254-00120573": "Professor Chris Sprigman, who has written most insightfully", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00400-00120573-00120835": "about this issue, persuasively argues", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00401-00120835-00121110": "that this traditional explanation is unconvincing.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00402-00121110-00121321": "It's more likely that the drafters", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00403-00121321-00121471": "of the Berne Convention provisions", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00404-00121471-00121697": "pertaining to formalities believed", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00405-00121697-00121902": "that disparate administrative requirements", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00406-00121902-00122139": "in different countries would frustrate", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00407-00122139-00122499": "authors' ability in practice to secure global protection", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00408-00122499-00122639": "for their works.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00409-00122639-00122970": "Whatever the reason, the current draft of the Convention", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00410-00122970-00123349": "is firmly set against formalities.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00411-00123349-00123588": "This issue might seem technical and unimportant,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00412-00123588-00123780": "but for two reasons it's not.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00413-00123780-00124049": "First, lawmakers in some countries", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00414-00124049-00124303": "have long been hostile to the Berne Convention's prohibition", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00415-00124303-00124386": "on formalities.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00416-00124386-00124658": "The premier example is the United States,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00417-00124658-00124973": "which, as we will see, retained many formal requirements", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00418-00124973-00125334": "for copyright protection until late in the 20th century.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00419-00125334-00125638": "Reluctance to surrender those requirements", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00420-00125638-00126084": "helps to explain why the United States did not join the Berne", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00421-00126084-00126540": "Convention until 1989.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00422-00126540-00126832": "The second reason is that an unexpected byproduct", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00423-00126832-00127211": "of the absence of formalities is that our social environment is", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00424-00127211-00127464": "increasingly clogged with billions", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00425-00127464-00127703": "of modestly creative cultural products", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00426-00127703-00128006": "over which someone enjoys copyright protection,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00427-00128006-00128259": "but persons who wish to make use of those products", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00428-00128259-00128461": "have no effective way of ascertaining", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00429-00128461-00128791": "the identity of the owners of those copyrights.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00430-00128791-00129166": "Copyrights, as you will soon see, are everywhere,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00431-00129166-00129443": "but identifying the persons to whom they belong", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00432-00129443-00129733": "is often infeasible.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00433-00129733-00129939": "As a result, some scholars and lawmakers", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00434-00129939-00130180": "advocate the reinstatement of formal requirements", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00435-00130180-00130376": "for copyright protection.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00436-00130376-00130615": "The result would be to reduce sharply", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00437-00130615-00130817": "the number of copyrighted works and thus", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00438-00130817-00131184": "the density of the legal soup through which we daily move.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00439-00131184-00131531": "The principal impediment to such a reform", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00440-00131531-00131646": "is the Berne Convention.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00441-00131934-00132151": "The 3rd of the three main dimensions of the Berne", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00442-00132151-00132411": "Convention consists of a set of obligations, imposed", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00443-00132411-00132696": "on all member countries, to establish minimum levels", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00444-00132696-00132880": "of copyright protection.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00445-00132880-00133044": "For example, member countries must", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00446-00133044-00133461": "extend copyright protection to certain kinds of works,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00447-00133461-00133643": "must grant the authors of those works", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00448-00133643-00133914": "specific exclusive rights,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00449-00133914-00134166": "must allow those rights to continue for specified", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00450-00134166-00134590": "periods of time, and so forth.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00451-00134590-00134782": "The details of those minimum standards", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00452-00134782-00134985": "will be examined in subsequent lectures.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00453-00134985-00135182": "For present purposes, the main point", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00454-00135182-00135465": "is that, although the Berne Convention has", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00455-00135465-00135939": "lots of such requirements, it contains no effective mechanism", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00456-00135939-00136141": "for punishing member countries when", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00457-00136141-00136411": "they fail to comply with their duties in this regard.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00458-00136411-00136753": "As a result, countries that want the benefits of the Berne", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00459-00136753-00137036": "Convention, but don't want to comply with all of its", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00460-00137036-00137452": "obligations, are free as a practical matter to join up --", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00461-00137452-00137829": "and then delay or refuse to comply with the provisions that", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00462-00137829-00138017": "they find unattractive.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00463-00138017-00138394": "The United States between 1989 and 1994", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00464-00138394-00138551": "definitely fell into this category.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00465-00138834-00139134": "The posture of the United States changed substantially", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00466-00139134-00139384": "with the adoption of the TRIPS agreement.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00467-00139384-00139803": "The history of the negotiations that resulted in the TRIPS", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00468-00139803-00140111": "agreement is intricate -- much too intricate to be explored", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00469-00140111-00140221": "here.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00470-00140221-00140371": "If you're curious, the chronology", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00471-00140371-00140593": "is reviewed in the series of slides", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00472-00140593-00140834": "that can be accessed through the link associated", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00473-00140834-00141193": "with subtopic \"origins.\"", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00474-00141193-00141487": "Today, the geographic coverage of the TRIPS agreement", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00475-00141487-00141728": "rivals that of the Berne Convention.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00476-00141728-00142060": "All member countries of the World Trade Organization --", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00477-00142060-00142534": "as of January 2016, 162 nations --", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00478-00142534-00142876": "are subject to the agreement.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00479-00142876-00143076": "In important respects, the TRIPS agreement", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00480-00143076-00143265": "parallels the Berne Convention.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00481-00143265-00143507": "Like Berne, TRIPS adheres to the principle", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00482-00143507-00143668": "of national treatment.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00483-00143668-00143999": "Also like Berne, TRIPS imposes on member countries", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00484-00143999-00144241": "the obligation to establish certain minimum levels", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00485-00144241-00144514": "of copyright protection.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00486-00144514-00144845": "As the map indicates, these obligations pertain to:", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00487-00144845-00145152": "-- the kinds of works that are subject to copyright protection", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00488-00145152-00145467": "(including, for example, computer software);", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00489-00145467-00145782": "--the entitlements that copyright owners must be given;", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00490-00145782-00146012": "--the duration of copyrights and so forth.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00491-00146012-00146262": "We will return to the details under these headings", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00492-00146262-00146535": "in subsequent lectures.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00493-00146535-00146850": "That said, TRIPS differs from the Berne Convention", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00494-00146850-00147051": "in three major respects.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00495-00147051-00147430": "First, it imposes upon member countries obligations,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00496-00147430-00147662": "not merely to establish legal rights,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00497-00147662-00147936": "but also to establish effective remedies when", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00498-00147936-00148147": "those rights are violated.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00499-00148147-00148343": "Some of those remedies -- for example,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00500-00148343-00148702": "pertaining to the availability of preliminary injunctions --", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00501-00148702-00148975": "were more expansive than some member countries had previously", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00502-00148975-00149452": "adopted and so required the adoption of new laws.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00503-00149452-00149677": "Second, the TRIPS agreement, because it", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00504-00149677-00149979": "is part of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00505-00149979-00150238": "has (unlike the Berne Convention)", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00506-00150238-00150497": "a mechanism for compelling member countries", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00507-00150497-00150726": "to comply with their obligations.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00508-00150726-00151222": "Specifically, the GATT contains a dispute-resolution procedure", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00509-00151222-00151455": "that enables a member country to initiate", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00510-00151455-00151674": "a complaint against another member country", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00511-00151674-00152179": "that has failed to live up to its TRIPS obligations.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00512-00152179-00152411": "Details concerning the handling of such disputes", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00513-00152411-00152745": "can be found by pursuing the links in the map.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00514-00152745-00153080": "The principal penalty imposed upon a country found to have", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00515-00153080-00153418": "failed to comply with its obligations under the agreement", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00516-00153418-00153795": "is so-called \"cross-sectoral\" retaliation.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00517-00153795-00153993": "In other words, the complaining country", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00518-00153993-00154370": "is permitted to impose trade sanctions on other goods.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00519-00154370-00154626": "This process is far from perfect,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00520-00154626-00154759": "but it does have teeth.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00521-00155067-00155297": "The third of the three respects in which the TRIPS", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00522-00155297-00155613": "agreement deviates from Berne is related to those teeth.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00523-00155613-00155838": "As you can see from the map, the TRIPS agreement", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00524-00155838-00156097": "incorporates by reference all of the obligations imposed", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00525-00156097-00156456": "on member countries by the Berne Convention except one:", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00526-00156456-00156682": "article 6bis.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00527-00156682-00156882": "What's that?", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00528-00156882-00157074": "That article, it turns out, is the provision", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00529-00157074-00157403": "of the Berne convention that covers moral rights.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00530-00157403-00157683": "Recall that moral rights have a lower", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00531-00157683-00158004": "status in common-law countries than in civil-law countries.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00532-00158004-00158376": "The result of the exclusion of article 6bis", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00533-00158376-00158633": "is that countries such as the United States,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00534-00158633-00158891": "reluctant to adhere fully to the Berne Convention", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00535-00158891-00159107": "obligations with respect to moral rights,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00536-00159107-00159504": "are still able to give them short shrift without running", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00537-00159504-00160005": "the gauntlet of WTO dispute-resolution proceedings.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00538-00160005-00160240": "The TRIPS Agreement is the most controversial aspect", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00539-00160240-00160525": "of copyright law -- and indeed, of the law of intellectual", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00540-00160525-00160665": "property as a whole.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00541-00160665-00161015": "Debate concerning the merits and demerits of TRIPs --", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00542-00161015-00161282": "and, in particular, whether it's been good or bad for developing", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00543-00161282-00161570": "countries -- has been intense since the agreement was first", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00544-00161570-00161770": "adopted.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00545-00161770-00161987": "If you follow the link associated with the subtopic,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00546-00161987-00162353": "\"Merits and Demerits,\" you will find a few slides,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00547-00162353-00162589": "summarizing the principal contending positions", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00548-00162589-00162708": "on this issue.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00549-00162708-00162990": "Later in this lecture series, once we have on the table", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00550-00162990-00163338": "more information concerning the actual impact of TRIPS,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00551-00163338-00163734": "we'll return to this fundamental issue.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00552-00163734-00163994": "We come next to two 1996 treaties,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00553-00163994-00164228": "both of them negotiated and administered", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00554-00164228-00164501": "by the World Intellectual Property Organization.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00555-00164501-00164753": "They have almost identical geographic coverage;", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00556-00164753-00165141": "currently, 93 and 94 countries respectively.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00557-00165141-00165472": "The first requires member countries to expand somewhat", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00558-00165472-00165656": "the rights of authors; the second", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00559-00165656-00165939": "requires member countries to expand the rights of performers", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00560-00165939-00166110": "and producers.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00561-00166110-00166374": "The most novel and important provision", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00562-00166374-00166604": "in both of these treaties is the obligation", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00563-00166604-00166900": "imposed on member countries to reinforce", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00564-00166900-00167107": "technological protection measures.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00565-00167107-00167453": "Specifically, both require member countries", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00566-00167453-00167842": "to penalize in some way the circumvention of encryption", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00567-00167842-00168079": "systems or the removal of information contained", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00568-00168079-00168409": "in copies of copyrighted works that identify the copyright", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00569-00168409-00168524": "owners.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00570-00168524-00168897": "A major branch of copyright law has grown out", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00571-00168897-00169062": "of these treaty provisions.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00572-00169062-00169309": "We will consider that branch in lecture #11.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00573-00169603-00169923": "The most recent of the seven multilateral treaties", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00574-00169923-00170182": "is the Marrakesh Treaty on Exceptions", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00575-00170182-00170521": "for the Visually Impaired, which was wrapped up", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00576-00170521-00170807": "in Morocco in July of 2013.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00577-00170807-00171145": "There are over 300 million visually impaired people", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00578-00171145-00171246": "in the world.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00579-00171246-00171639": "Their ability to gain access to copyrighted material in formats", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00580-00171639-00171871": "that they can apprehend has long been", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00581-00171871-00172124": "curtailed by the combination of copyright law", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00582-00172124-00172311": "and the reluctance of copyright owners", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00583-00172311-00172604": "to grant permission for the creation of digital versions", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00584-00172604-00172914": "of their works that, if they escaped into the wild,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00585-00172914-00173266": "could corrode their primary markets.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00586-00173266-00173587": "The Marrakesh Treaty attempts to overcome that impediment", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00587-00173587-00173910": "by requiring member countries to adopt laws", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00588-00173910-00174202": "that permit the reproduction and distribution of published", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00589-00174202-00174538": "works in formats accessible to the visually impaired", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00590-00174538-00174753": "and then to permit organizations that", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00591-00174753-00175024": "serve the visually impaired to take them from one", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00592-00175024-00175213": "country into another.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00593-00175213-00175561": "The hope is that this new regime will eventually result", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00594-00175561-00175845": "in the standardization of accessible formats --", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00595-00175845-00176232": "thus increasing the set of materials available everywhere", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00596-00176232-00176576": "and saving money.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00597-00176576-00176839": "The Marrakesh Treaty is unique among the 7", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00598-00176839-00177147": "multilateral agreements in one important respect:", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00599-00177147-00177479": "it's the only one that requires member countries to limit", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00600-00177479-00177787": "the scope of copyright, rather than requiring", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00601-00177787-00178040": "member countries to create minimum levels of protection.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00602-00178418-00178695": "Overlaid on the pattern of obligations created", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00603-00178695-00179078": "by these multilateral agreements are a few regional agreements,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00604-00179078-00179340": "which further constrain the freedom of member countries", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00605-00179340-00179621": "to shape their national copyright systems.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00606-00179621-00179957": "The most prominent of the regional organizations", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00607-00179957-00180274": "that generate such agreements is the European Union.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00608-00180274-00180651": "Several EU directives listed in the map", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00609-00180651-00180835": "oblige countries within the Union", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00610-00180835-00181259": "to manage their copyright systems in particular ways.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00611-00181259-00181564": "Less well known is the African Intellectual Property", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00612-00181564-00181857": "Organization (commonly known as OAPI),", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00613-00181857-00182189": "the members of which are subject to similar obligations.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00614-00182189-00182452": "We'll take up the details of these regional directives", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00615-00182452-00182712": "later.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00616-00182712-00182935": "The framework created by this welter", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00617-00182935-00183287": "of multilateral and regional agreements is not stable.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00618-00183287-00183621": "On the contrary, countries -- and major interest groups", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00619-00183621-00183976": "within countries -- struggle constantly to tilt", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00620-00183976-00184221": "the framework in their favor.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00621-00184221-00184443": "Sometimes the struggle involves interpretation", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00622-00184443-00184630": "of existing provisions.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00623-00184630-00184841": "One of the most important of those provisions", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00624-00184841-00185087": "is known as the three-step test.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00625-00185087-00185268": "This is not a separate treaty.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00626-00185268-00185561": "It's rather a recurring principle, variants", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00627-00185561-00185763": "of which can be found in most of the treaties", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00628-00185763-00186036": "we've already reviewed.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00629-00186036-00186330": "These variants are not identical, but they're similar.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00630-00186330-00186651": "Shown on the screen is the version", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00631-00186651-00186916": "contained in the Berne Convention-specifically", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00632-00186916-00187151": "in article 9(2) of the Convention.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00633-00187151-00187508": "I've inserted, in brackets, letters that", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00634-00187508-00187736": "divide the so-called 3 steps.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00635-00187736-00188143": "With those insertions, the provision reads:", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00636-00188143-00188298": "\"It shall be a matter for legislation", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00637-00188298-00188587": "in the countries of the Union, to permit", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00638-00188587-00188982": "the reproduction of such works a in certain special cases,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00639-00188982-00189367": "provided that such reproduction does not conflict", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00640-00189367-00189572": "with a normal exploitation of the work", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00641-00189572-00189892": "and does not unreasonably prejudice", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00642-00189892-00190347": "the legitimate interests of the author.\"", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00643-00190347-00190769": "The TRIPS Agreement contains a similar provision --", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00644-00190769-00190961": "although note that the TRIPS version,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00645-00190961-00191293": "unlike the Berne version, applies to all \"exclusive", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00646-00191293-00191499": "rights\" enjoyed by copyright owners,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00647-00191499-00191770": "not merely to the right of reproduction.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00648-00191770-00192097": "Analogous provisions can be found in other treaties.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00649-00192355-00192522": "What's going on here?", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00650-00192522-00192792": "What these provisions are designed to curb", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00651-00192792-00193086": "is the impulse of some countries to limit", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00652-00193086-00193409": "the scope of copyrights by granting exceptions", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00653-00193409-00193786": "or privileges to users who wish to employ copyrighted", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00654-00193786-00194012": "works in ways that would otherwise be illegal.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00655-00194012-00194341": "The basic idea underlying the three-step test", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00656-00194341-00194668": "is that such exceptions may not cut too deeply", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00657-00194668-00194958": "into the rights of owners.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00658-00194958-00195162": "But how deep is too deep?", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00659-00195162-00195379": "The language of the treaty provisions", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00660-00195379-00195703": "is notoriously vague on that crucial point.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00661-00195703-00195928": "As a result many different interpretations", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00662-00195928-00196272": "of the so-called three-step test have proliferated.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00663-00196272-00196465": "Some are quite strict.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00664-00196465-00196743": "If widely adopted, they would require the United States,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00665-00196743-00197065": "for example, to abandon or at least to curtail significantly", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00666-00197065-00197357": "its fair-use doctrine -- which we will consider in detail", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00667-00197357-00197533": "in lecture #9.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00668-00197533-00198057": "Others are substantially more permissive.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00669-00198057-00198377": "An intermediate position on the spectrum of interpretations,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00670-00198377-00198667": "which has much to recommend it, is the interpretation", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00671-00198667-00198954": "offered by Professors Berndt Hugenholtz and Ruth", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00672-00198954-00199300": "Okediji, set forth on the map:", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00673-00199300-00199768": "\"Limitations and exceptions that (1) are not overly broad, (2)", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00674-00199768-00200112": "do not rob right holders of a real or potential source", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00675-00200112-00200409": "of income that is substantive, and (3)", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00676-00200409-00200809": "do not do disproportional harm to the right holders,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00677-00200809-00201227": "will pass the test.\"", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00678-00201227-00201461": "The debate concerning the meaning of the three-step test", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00679-00201461-00201867": "will likely continue for quite a while.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00680-00201867-00202252": "Another source of instability in the International Framework is", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00681-00202252-00202504": "that countries -- often nudged by interest groups --", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00682-00202504-00202838": "are constantly attempting to supplement the treaties we have", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00683-00202838-00203302": "considered with additional bilateral or plurilateral", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00684-00203302-00203420": "agreements.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00685-00203420-00203912": "Three ongoing efforts of this sort are listed in the map.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00686-00203912-00204168": "The AntiCounterfeiting Trade Agreement --", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00687-00204168-00204501": "commonly known as ACTA -- has been under negotiation since", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00688-00204501-00204666": "2006.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00689-00204666-00204812": "It differs from all of the treaties", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00690-00204812-00205090": "we've considered thus far, both in the small number", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00691-00205090-00205396": "of countries that were involved in the negotiations,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00692-00205396-00205561": "and even more importantly in the fact", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00693-00205561-00205913": "that those negotiations were conducted largely in secret.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00694-00205913-00206360": "Despite considerable resistance to that secrecy and to some", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00695-00206360-00206567": "of the substantive provisions that emerged from", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00696-00206567-00206913": "the negotiations, ACTA looked well on its way toward", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00697-00206913-00207290": "ratification and adoption until July of 2012,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00698-00207290-00207690": "when the European Parliament, responding in part to growing", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00699-00207690-00208060": "public outcry, balked -- refusing its consent", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00700-00208060-00208428": "to the agreement by a vote of 478 to 39,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00701-00208428-00208686": "with 165 abstentions.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00702-00208686-00209049": "It is now unlikely that ACTA will ever enter into force.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00703-00209307-00209536": "Next in line is the Trans-Pacific Partnership", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00704-00209536-00209753": "Agreement or TPP.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00705-00209753-00209996": "This too was negotiated by a small group", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00706-00209996-00210239": "of countries (shown on your screen)", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00707-00210239-00210444": "in a series of confidential meetings.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00708-00210444-00210944": "The final draft was released to the public in November of 2015.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00709-00210944-00211279": "The legislatures of the participating countries ???", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00710-00211279-00211484": "including Congress in the United States --", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00711-00211484-00211684": "are currently considering whether to approve", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00712-00211684-00211813": "the agreement.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00713-00211813-00212015": "The outcome of their deliberations", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00714-00212015-00212266": "is far from certain.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00715-00212266-00212532": "If it is approved by the requisite number of countries", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00716-00212532-00212786": "and enters into force, the TPP will", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00717-00212786-00213114": "lead to some medium-sized changes in the global copyright", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00718-00213114-00213219": "system.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00719-00213219-00213548": "Copyright law in the US will change very little.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00720-00213548-00213867": "However, some of the other participating countries", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00721-00213867-00214096": "(and countries that later join the group)", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00722-00214096-00214369": "will have to adjust their laws.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00723-00214369-00214633": "Three such adjustments are particularly significant.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00724-00214633-00215027": "First, roughly half of the participating countries will be", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00725-00215027-00215353": "obliged to increase the duration of copyright protection --", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00726-00215353-00215791": "from the life of the author 50 years to the life of the author", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00727-00215791-00216035": "70 years.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00728-00216035-00216253": "Second, some countries will be obliged", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00729-00216253-00216516": "to enhance their prohibitions on circumvention", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00730-00216516-00216835": "of technological protection measures.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00731-00216835-00217381": "Finally, some may be obliged to adopt or modify statutory", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00732-00217381-00217730": "provisions permitting successful plaintiffs to recover so-called", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00733-00217730-00218137": "statutory damages -- although their duties in this regard are", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00734-00218137-00218466": "less severe than they would have been if the original draft", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00735-00218466-00218810": "of the TPP had survived.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00736-00218810-00219084": "Whether these three changes are good or bad,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00737-00219084-00219485": "we will consider in Lectures 6, 11, and 12 respectively.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00738-00219773-00220019": "More modest in ambition and thus less controversial", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00739-00220019-00220306": "is the Beijing Treaty on Audiovisual Performances,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00740-00220306-00220536": "which, if it comes into effect, will", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00741-00220536-00220708": "expand the moral rights of actors", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00742-00220708-00220888": "and other audiovisual performers.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00743-00220888-00221457": "We will discuss those rights in lecture #8.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00744-00221457-00221823": "The general point is that, while the broad contours", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00745-00221823-00222082": "of the International Framework are firmly in place,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00746-00222082-00222476": "many important details are in continued flux.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00747-00222476-00222861": "Typically, the representatives of major institutional holders", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00748-00222861-00223139": "of copyrights and other intellectual property rights", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00749-00223139-00223371": "push for treaty provisions that require", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00750-00223371-00223726": "member countries to increase the scope of their rights,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00751-00223726-00224042": "while public-interest organizations play defense,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00752-00224042-00224241": "resisting reform.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00753-00224241-00224521": "With the exception of the Marrakesh Treaty,", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00754-00224521-00224686": "the public-interest organizations", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00755-00224686-00224916": "rarely offer treaty provisions of their own.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00756-00225276-00225458": "This concludes our preliminary review", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00757-00225458-00225654": "of the structure of the international framework", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00758-00225654-00225781": "of copyright law.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00759-00225781-00226153": "To repeat, my ambition in this section of the lecture", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00760-00226153-00226505": "has not been to itemize all of the features of that framework.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00761-00226505-00226706": "That would be impossible in a single lecture --", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00762-00226706-00227042": "or even an entire course for that matter.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00763-00227042-00227356": "Rather my goal has been to convey to you the key", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00764-00227356-00227655": "principles and trends -- and to mark the locations", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00765-00227655-00228010": "of the treaty provisions to which we will return when", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00766-00228010-00228487": "examining specific features of copyright law.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00767-00228487-00228866": "Next week, we will focus, not on copyright law, but on theory.", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00768-00228866-00229262": "We will begin our examination of the questions: What concerns", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00769-00229262-00229517": "or values underlie copyright?", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00770-00229517-00229827": "And how might copyright law be reshaped", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00771-00229827-00230108": "to advance those concerns or values more effectively?", "00gQ5x7yUR0-00772-00230108-00230421": "Thank you."}}, {"audio_id": "00vx7qruiaE", "text": {"00vx7qruiaE-00000-00000041-00000336": "There’s more to the internet than meets the eye.", "00vx7qruiaE-00002-00000386-00000713": "The days of all-conquering blogs and mini-sites are long gone.", "00vx7qruiaE-00004-00000845-00001123": "These days, platforms reign supreme online.", "00vx7qruiaE-00005-00001123-00001416": "We search for info on Google, share things on Facebook,", "00vx7qruiaE-00006-00001416-00001754": "and stream music to our heart’s content on iTunes and Spotify.", "00vx7qruiaE-00007-00001790-00002038": "Platforms stand between us and the internet.", "00vx7qruiaE-00008-00002038-00002300": "And they’re extremely effective at what they do.", "00vx7qruiaE-00009-00002300-00002592": "How do they work? Always in the same way –", "00vx7qruiaE-00010-00002592-00002914": "they’re free, they’re mobile, and they grow in stature as more of us use them.", "00vx7qruiaE-00011-00002929-00003275": "But, of course, there’s a trade-off: “Give us your data and leave the rest to us”.", "00vx7qruiaE-00012-00003300-00003571": "The figures speak volumes:", "00vx7qruiaE-00013-00003571-00003709": "Facebook’s 2 billion monthly active users worldwide", "00vx7qruiaE-00014-00003712-00003963": "share 300 million photos every day.", "00vx7qruiaE-00015-00003963-00004296": "The company’s market cap stands at an incredible $500 billion.", "00vx7qruiaE-00016-00004350-00004598": "Google handles 3.5 billion daily searches", "00vx7qruiaE-00017-00004598-00004918": "and holds 90% of the European search engine market share.", "00vx7qruiaE-00018-00004921-00005153": "And the firm sold 211 million smartphones in 2016 alone.", "00vx7qruiaE-00019-00005198-00005450": "But the big four platforms", "00vx7qruiaE-00020-00005450-00005576": "Google, Amazon, Facebook and Apple (so-called GAFA)", "00vx7qruiaE-00021-00005576-00005871": "aren’t the whole story.", "00vx7qruiaE-00022-00005871-00006173": "With the rise of sites likes YouTube, Airbnb, Leboncoin, Deliveroo and Uber,", "00vx7qruiaE-00023-00006173-00006472": "the internet is slowly turning into a vast supermarket.", "00vx7qruiaE-00024-00006472-00006764": "The upshot of this trend is that:", "00vx7qruiaE-00025-00006764-00006991": "people have become increasingly reliant on a small number of companies", "00vx7qruiaE-00026-00006991-00007287": "these firms see their users – at best – as a goldmine of personal data,", "00vx7qruiaE-00027-00007287-00007584": "and in some cases as unpaid workers.", "00vx7qruiaE-00028-00007584-00007872": "More worrying still, there’s little we can do, as users, to fight back", "00vx7qruiaE-00029-00007872-00007972": "against the growing power of these platforms.", "00vx7qruiaE-00030-00008013-00008316": "They control what we see and, by extension,", "00vx7qruiaE-00031-00008316-00008608": "what opinions we project.", "00vx7qruiaE-00032-00008608-00008937": "It’s a similar strategy to loss-leader displays – a proven sales-boosting technique in retail.", "00vx7qruiaE-00033-00008937-00009187": "But what happens when these platforms’ algorithms can influence the outcome of an election?", "00vx7qruiaE-00034-00009254-00009583": "The problems don’t end there, either. Platforms know everything about us – our actions and our likes.", "00vx7qruiaE-00035-00009583-00009897": "But what do we know about them?", "00vx7qruiaE-00036-00009897-00010204": "In short, nothing. They’re black boxes.", "00vx7qruiaE-00037-00010204-00010504": "What actually happens to the data we share with them?", "00vx7qruiaE-00038-00010504-00010724": "In 2015, Facebook had no qualms about striking a deal with a data wholesaler", "00vx7qruiaE-00039-00010724-00011033": "whose biggest clients include governments, employers and insurance firms.", "00vx7qruiaE-00041-00011294-00011581": "From our sexual orientation to our political allegiances, friendships or weaknesses -", "00vx7qruiaE-00042-00011581-00011885": "should we really be sharing our most intimate details ?", "00vx7qruiaE-00043-00011885-00012138": "And when you know it would take us an average of 30 days a year", "00vx7qruiaE-00044-00012138-00012418": "to read through these platforms’ terms and conditions in full,", "00vx7qruiaE-00045-00012418-00012597": "can we really say we are giving “informed consent”?", "00vx7qruiaE-00046-00012639-00012936": "And there’s the rub: the closer you examine these platforms,", "00vx7qruiaE-00047-00012936-00013213": "the more opaque they become.", "00vx7qruiaE-00048-00013213-00013491": "Look at the CEOs of these huge firms, for example.", "00vx7qruiaE-00049-00013491-00013747": "They claim they want to change the world.", "00vx7qruiaE-00050-00013747-00014032": "Yet their companies seem averse to paying tax. Something doesn’t add up.", "00vx7qruiaE-00051-00014032-00014316": "And in spite of their best efforts, these platforms aren’t infallible.", "00vx7qruiaE-00052-00014348-00014651": "Their algorithms “learn” by observing how we behave. That’s all well and good.", "00vx7qruiaE-00053-00014651-00014936": "But could these same algorithms actually be perpetuating discrimination", "00vx7qruiaE-00054-00014936-00015036": "and reinforcing stereotypes?", "00vx7qruiaE-00055-00015082-00015392": "A study found that female job-seekers are less likely", "00vx7qruiaE-00056-00015392-00015742": "to be shown ads for high-paid roles on Google than their male counterparts.", "00vx7qruiaE-00057-00015771-00016094": "Yet despite all that, platforms are hugely popular.", "00vx7qruiaE-00058-00016094-00016388": "In France, public transport company, banks, insurance firms,", "00vx7qruiaE-00059-00016388-00016580": "the public employment service agency and some government bodies", "00vx7qruiaE-00060-00016596-00016876": "want to create their own platforms so they can better cater to our needs.", "00vx7qruiaE-00061-00016876-00017177": "It’s certainly a noble ambition.", "00vx7qruiaE-00062-00017177-00017461": "If sharing our data helps raise service standards, then that can only be a good thing.", "00vx7qruiaE-00063-00017461-00017737": "But with one caveat: we have to be sure these platforms are treating us fairly.", "00vx7qruiaE-00064-00017737-00017931": "Platforms should be serving our interests", "00vx7qruiaE-00065-00017967-00018213": "– as users and as citizens.", "00vx7qruiaE-00066-00018213-00018369": "It’s time for us to speak up.", "00vx7qruiaE-00067-00018417-00018700": "If you want to help us set the right checks and balances", "00vx7qruiaE-00068-00018700-00018997": "head over to contribuez.cnnumerique.fr/loyaute", "00vx7qruiaE-00069-00018997-00019290": "and let us know your views.", "00vx7qruiaE-00070-00019290-00019540": "You can also take part in our campaign by using the hashtag #fairplatforms", "00vx7qruiaE-00071-00019540-00019711": "-- French Digital Council --"}}, {"audio_id": "00AZ_Qf6adA", "text": {"00AZ_Qf6adA-00000-00000110-00000624": "International experience is really an important part of my job accessing", "00AZ_Qf6adA-00001-00000624-00000986": "technologies from around the world and also learning how we can do a better job", "00AZ_Qf6adA-00002-00000986-00001422": "of designing our products to match the wide variety of environments that we", "00AZ_Qf6adA-00003-00001422-00002018": "encounter in many applications around the world basically we're looking", "00AZ_Qf6adA-00004-00002018-00002450": "for engineers that are bright or curious who are well founded in the basics which", "00AZ_Qf6adA-00005-00002450-00003006": "they can certainly get at Purdue and we count on Purdue delivery but also have", "00AZ_Qf6adA-00006-00003006-00003587": "the ability to work in teams to ability to communicate and as the topic of the", "00AZ_Qf6adA-00007-00003587-00004121": "conversation today goes along I really have international experience and the", "00AZ_Qf6adA-00008-00004121-00004623": "ability to value and engage people from different cultures from around the world", "00AZ_Qf6adA-00009-00004623-00005144": "a couple of things that have changed in engineering is we're certainly more", "00AZ_Qf6adA-00010-00005144-00005778": "international in scope we're more interdisciplinary in scope both of those", "00AZ_Qf6adA-00011-00005778-00006203": "require communication skills that are different than in the past people have", "00AZ_Qf6adA-00012-00006203-00006645": "to be able to accept ideas from other folks to understand the context that", "00AZ_Qf6adA-00013-00006645-00007014": "they're coming from one thing that has not changed about engineering is", "00AZ_Qf6adA-00014-00007014-00007445": "engineering is still a social exercise so we have to be able to work in teams", "00AZ_Qf6adA-00015-00007445-00007820": "we have to understand our customers so that we can deliver products to them", "00AZ_Qf6adA-00016-00007820-00008507": "that they can use very effectively will value in all their applications I think", "00AZ_Qf6adA-00017-00008507-00008904": "from in the context of international experience there are several things", "00AZ_Qf6adA-00018-00008904-00009311": "students can do one is just take a foreign language any foreign language it", "00AZ_Qf6adA-00019-00009311-00009786": "will expose them to different cultures it will also expose them to some of the", "00AZ_Qf6adA-00020-00009786-00010196": "issues other people have as they're trying to communicate with us in English", "00AZ_Qf6adA-00021-00010196-00010628": "so it develops that sensitivity and the ability to communicate people in their", "00AZ_Qf6adA-00022-00010628-00011093": "in their own language I think just getting out there taking the opportunity", "00AZ_Qf6adA-00023-00011093-00011589": "to travel abroad and taking opportunities that Purdue will offer for", "00AZ_Qf6adA-00024-00011589-00011975": "study abroad well one of those programs that they could take advantage obviously", "00AZ_Qf6adA-00025-00011975-00012422": "gear program in mechanical engineering that has connections with Carlsberg", "00AZ_Qf6adA-00026-00012422-00013005": "Germany with Shanghai and China and Mumbai and India so that students can go", "00AZ_Qf6adA-00027-00013005-00013369": "there to teach and to do projects and to meet students in those", "00AZ_Qf6adA-00028-00013369-00013861": "locations so anything that they can do to broaden their exposure even learning", "00AZ_Qf6adA-00029-00013861-00014266": "from international students at Purdue which is a wonderful environment to meet", "00AZ_Qf6adA-00030-00014266-00014629": "people from other countries and to really learn about their experiences and", "00AZ_Qf6adA-00031-00014629-00015201": "how they view life differently in their countries compared to the u.s."}}, {"audio_id": "01k1_4-jiV8", "text": {"01k1_4-jiV8-00000-00000000-00000459": "[Text] Blogs and Wikis. A Fictitious Debate", "01k1_4-jiV8-00001-00000666-00001682": "[Music]", "01k1_4-jiV8-00002-00002096-00002571": "As web communication and collaboration tools evolve, the distinction between wikis and", "01k1_4-jiV8-00003-00002571-00003009": "blogs has become subtle at the outset and greater as the use deepens.", "01k1_4-jiV8-00004-00003009-00003229": "Like a fork in the road.", "01k1_4-jiV8-00005-00003229-00003677": "Blogs and wikis might not seem that different on first glance because they both enable communication", "01k1_4-jiV8-00006-00003677-00004203": "of information by a person or group of people and provide a platform for feedback.", "01k1_4-jiV8-00007-00004203-00004373": "Blogs do it in the form of comments.", "01k1_4-jiV8-00008-00004373-00004628": "While wikis do it by letter.", "01k1_4-jiV8-00009-00004628-00005032": "Letting users directly edit the content of a given page.", "01k1_4-jiV8-00010-00005032-00005178": "Mr Kennedy.", "01k1_4-jiV8-00011-00005178-00005646": "[Applause]", "01k1_4-jiV8-00012-00005646-00005782": "Thank you.", "01k1_4-jiV8-00013-00005782-00005882": "Thank you.", "01k1_4-jiV8-00014-00005882-00006164": "Let me get to the heart of the matter.", "01k1_4-jiV8-00015-00006164-00006750": "Wikis are indeed what our people need at this crucial time in the history of our nation.", "01k1_4-jiV8-00016-00006750-00007490": "[Applause]", "01k1_4-jiV8-00017-00008106-00008206": "Thank you.", "01k1_4-jiV8-00018-00008206-00008382": "Thank you.", "01k1_4-jiV8-00019-00008382-00008792": "I disagree Mr Kennedy.", "01k1_4-jiV8-00020-00008792-00009046": "Blogs are the way of the future for this nation.", "01k1_4-jiV8-00021-00009046-00009431": "A few weeks ago, I created a blog entitled the Watergate blog.", "01k1_4-jiV8-00022-00009431-00009892": "Now the good thing about these blogs, is that you can control the information that's available", "01k1_4-jiV8-00023-00009892-00010035": "to the people in the media.", "01k1_4-jiV8-00024-00010035-00010296": "You can also keep away internet predators.", "01k1_4-jiV8-00025-00010296-00010720": "Where a wiki without the proper controls can be very susceptible", "01k1_4-jiV8-00026-00010720-00010963": "to their evil ploys.", "01k1_4-jiV8-00027-00010963-00011250": "Something my esteemed opponent has failed to disclose to the American", "01k1_4-jiV8-00028-00011250-00011860": "people, is that wikis are particularly susceptible to the evils of internet predators.", "01k1_4-jiV8-00029-00011860-00012506": "Anyone going in and editing the text has, that is viewed by the children of this nation.", "01k1_4-jiV8-00030-00012506-00013055": "In contrast, a blog you can clearly see who said what, without compromising the integrity", "01k1_4-jiV8-00031-00013055-00013213": "of the content.", "01k1_4-jiV8-00032-00013213-00013637": "Furthermore any comments or postings can be screened by the blog facilitator.", "01k1_4-jiV8-00033-00013637-00014781": "And I say, to the American people, let me be your blog facilitator.", "01k1_4-jiV8-00034-00014781-00015150": "Well I respect the views of my worthy opponent.", "01k1_4-jiV8-00035-00015150-00015394": "Mr Nixon they are utterly unconstitutional.", "01k1_4-jiV8-00036-00015394-00015906": "The aforementioned openness of a wiki is a great example of the freedom of speech that", "01k1_4-jiV8-00037-00015906-00016053": "we get from a wiki.", "01k1_4-jiV8-00038-00016053-00016374": "The voice of the people should not be suppressed.", "01k1_4-jiV8-00039-00016374-00016891": "Not only are blogs rigid, but they are unconstitutional, in that they do not allow for freedom of speech.", "01k1_4-jiV8-00040-00016891-00017377": "Mr Nixon how do you answer to recently publicized charges that you pay people to put positive", "01k1_4-jiV8-00041-00017377-00017511": "comments on your blog.", "01k1_4-jiV8-00042-00017511-00017847": "I am not a crook.", "01k1_4-jiV8-00043-00017847-00018012": "Two can play at this game.", "01k1_4-jiV8-00044-00018012-00018342": "What about the scandalous and inappropriate comments reported to be", "01k1_4-jiV8-00045-00018342-00018855": "found on your wiki Mr Kennedy?", "01k1_4-jiV8-00046-00018855-00019327": "While the voice of the people should certainly not be suppressed.", "01k1_4-jiV8-00047-00019327-00019656": "Any comment found on your site can be seen as something you support.", "01k1_4-jiV8-00048-00019656-00020252": "But do you the American people want that content to be identified as something as you support?", "01k1_4-jiV8-00049-00020252-00020747": "Do you want to open your beliefs your convictions and have them to be at the mercy of the critical", "01k1_4-jiV8-00050-00020747-00020876": "masses?", "01k1_4-jiV8-00051-00020876-00021355": "Now we know what you think of the American people Mr Nixon.", "01k1_4-jiV8-00052-00021676-00021888": "Any final comments Mr Kennedy?", "01k1_4-jiV8-00053-00021888-00022538": "In closing, I want the people of this nation to know that with a wiki, your voice will", "01k1_4-jiV8-00054-00022538-00022674": "be heard.", "01k1_4-jiV8-00055-00022674-00023047": "I will ensure that everyone has access to every wiki.", "01k1_4-jiV8-00056-00023047-00023331": "Let me be the warrior of your wiki.", "01k1_4-jiV8-00057-00023331-00023887": "Ask not what your wiki can do for you, but what you can do for your wiki!", "01k1_4-jiV8-00058-00023940-00024273": "Thank you for coming to tonight's program.", "01k1_4-jiV8-00059-00024304-00024786": "We hope you have a great evening."}}, {"audio_id": "01qKFbf36lI", "text": {"01qKFbf36lI-00000-00000002-00000250": "Are you ready?", "01qKFbf36lI-00001-00000463-00000616": "to enter", "01qKFbf36lI-00002-00000903-00001072": "on the room?", "01qKFbf36lI-00003-00002176-00002488": "if you came here", "01qKFbf36lI-00004-00002568-00002832": "its cause, you want to relax", "01qKFbf36lI-00005-00002976-00003192": "Or just want to sleep", "01qKFbf36lI-00006-00003386-00003692": "Well, just one requirement", "01qKFbf36lI-00007-00003747-00004084": "before of you think about to access here", "01qKFbf36lI-00008-00004356-00004618": "to this room", "01qKFbf36lI-00009-00004756-00005080": "specifically to relax", "01qKFbf36lI-00010-00005164-00005352": "There's 1 rule", "01qKFbf36lI-00011-00005620-00006090": "which I apply to everybody who wants", "01qKFbf36lI-00012-00006344-00006473": "to enjoy", "01qKFbf36lI-00013-00006614-00006959": "all the privileges of this room", "01qKFbf36lI-00014-00007048-00007148": "just", "01qKFbf36lI-00015-00007226-00007326": "1", "01qKFbf36lI-00016-00007454-00007556": "requirement", "01qKFbf36lI-00017-00007660-00007760": "well", "01qKFbf36lI-00018-00008054-00008228": "the requirement is", "01qKFbf36lI-00019-00008256-00008356": "all", "01qKFbf36lI-00020-00008530-00008690": "your worries", "01qKFbf36lI-00021-00008802-00008956": "you must", "01qKFbf36lI-00022-00009050-00009150": "leave", "01qKFbf36lI-00023-00009278-00009378": "out", "01qKFbf36lI-00024-00009548-00009648": "of this", "01qKFbf36lI-00025-00009987-00010110": "room", "01qKFbf36lI-00026-00010359-00010679": "it's the only one requirement", "01qKFbf36lI-00027-00010885-00011128": "to access here", "01qKFbf36lI-00028-00011218-00011724": "So well, if you think that you're able", "01qKFbf36lI-00029-00011890-00012078": "to do it", "01qKFbf36lI-00030-00012241-00012435": "you're", "01qKFbf36lI-00031-00012492-00012656": "and you will be", "01qKFbf36lI-00032-00012736-00012990": "welcome", "01qKFbf36lI-00033-00013096-00013309": "to this room", "01qKFbf36lI-00034-00013402-00013603": "doesn't exist", "01qKFbf36lI-00035-00013664-00013781": "worries", "01qKFbf36lI-00036-00013856-00014088": "of any kind", "01qKFbf36lI-00037-00014260-00014597": "abstract or material", "01qKFbf36lI-00038-00014916-00015024": "physical", "01qKFbf36lI-00039-00015056-00015156": "or", "01qKFbf36lI-00040-00015236-00015338": "psychics", "01qKFbf36lI-00041-00015552-00015800": "whatever", "01qKFbf36lI-00042-00016151-00016264": "so", "01qKFbf36lI-00043-00016526-00016629": "so", "01qKFbf36lI-00044-00016686-00017144": "leave out your worries", "01qKFbf36lI-00045-00017384-00017674": "out of this room", "01qKFbf36lI-00046-00017832-00018140": "out of this room", "01qKFbf36lI-00047-00018292-00018600": "and dispose yourself to relax", "01qKFbf36lI-00048-00018637-00018824": "or sleep", "01qKFbf36lI-00049-00018863-00019002": "i leave it", "01qKFbf36lI-00050-00019209-00019379": "in your hands", "01qKFbf36lI-00051-00019484-00019904": "please be comfortable", "01qKFbf36lI-00052-00020072-00020300": "let's relax a little bit", "01qKFbf36lI-00053-00020802-00020906": "I believe", "01qKFbf36lI-00054-00021032-00021190": "that we deserve it", "01qKFbf36lI-00055-00021296-00021650": "Nowadays we are living in a society", "01qKFbf36lI-00056-00021798-00021898": "where", "01qKFbf36lI-00057-00021922-00022190": "we are under a lot of pressure", "01qKFbf36lI-00058-00022254-00022528": "and everybody", "01qKFbf36lI-00059-00022864-00023180": "need this moment", "01qKFbf36lI-00060-00023313-00023462": "where", "01qKFbf36lI-00061-00023497-00023597": "we come", "01qKFbf36lI-00062-00023666-00023844": "to this room", "01qKFbf36lI-00063-00023866-00024002": "and relax", "01qKFbf36lI-00064-00024164-00024442": "the problem is that most of you", "01qKFbf36lI-00065-00024606-00024758": "pass over", "01qKFbf36lI-00066-00024796-00024988": "to come here", "01qKFbf36lI-00067-00025100-00025242": "and relax", "01qKFbf36lI-00068-00025374-00025688": "and I think that's something", "01qKFbf36lI-00069-00025764-00026012": "so needful, to spent", "01qKFbf36lI-00070-00026114-00026280": "some time", "01qKFbf36lI-00071-00026324-00026442": "per day", "01qKFbf36lI-00072-00026514-00026680": "like another", "01qKFbf36lI-00073-00026762-00026900": "subject in our lives", "01qKFbf36lI-00074-00026932-00027176": "I think its so needful", "01qKFbf36lI-00075-00027306-00027445": "the fact", "01qKFbf36lI-00076-00027732-00027832": "to use", "01qKFbf36lI-00077-00027866-00028183": "20,30,40 minutes , 50", "01qKFbf36lI-00078-00028204-00028362": "1 hour", "01qKFbf36lI-00079-00028506-00028783": "and just use this time", "01qKFbf36lI-00080-00028808-00029088": "to relax ourselves", "01qKFbf36lI-00081-00029160-00029339": "dont think about antyhing", "01qKFbf36lI-00082-00029427-00029808": "just to be calmful", "01qKFbf36lI-00083-00030080-00030472": "Well, I know what most of you", "01qKFbf36lI-00084-00030594-00030730": "actually aren't doing it", "01qKFbf36lI-00085-00030845-00031082": "today and now", "01qKFbf36lI-00086-00031166-00031533": "it's the moment", "01qKFbf36lI-00087-00031766-00031882": "because", "01qKFbf36lI-00088-00032102-00032222": "you deserve it", "01qKFbf36lI-00089-00032414-00032708": "here nobody it's judging you"}}, {"audio_id": "01XcHBkiKzg", "text": {"01XcHBkiKzg-00000-00000356-00000702": "hello and welcome to organic health revelations", "01XcHBkiKzg-00001-00000702-00001151": "I'm Robert Lee's and in this video we're going to cover 23 proven discoveries", "01XcHBkiKzg-00002-00001151-00001773": "turmeric acts as a phytochemical before we begin for those that aren't aware of", "01XcHBkiKzg-00003-00001773-00002402": "a phytochemical well they are chemicals found in plants that contain agents with", "01XcHBkiKzg-00004-00002402-00003147": "the purpose to grow slow or stop properties and in turmeric scenario it's", "01XcHBkiKzg-00005-00003147-00004103": "all about the health so here are 23 ways tumeric X as a photochemical anti", "01XcHBkiKzg-00006-00004103-00004748": "cytotoxic commonly produced chemical drug also known as antineoplastic s'", "01XcHBkiKzg-00007-00004748-00005532": "ahran treatments against cancer anti biotic a common benefit from turmeric", "01XcHBkiKzg-00008-00005532-00006276": "which inhibits the growth of microorganisms anti microbial an agent", "01XcHBkiKzg-00009-00006276-00006945": "which kills and stops the growth of microorganisms anti purulent fights", "01XcHBkiKzg-00010-00006945-00007608": "against discharge caused by wounds and infections antioxidant removing", "01XcHBkiKzg-00011-00007608-00008411": "oxidizing agents causing potential harm anti-amyloid o genic this tomb is used", "01XcHBkiKzg-00012-00008411-00009110": "for treatments in the fight against Alzheimer's disease insulin sensitizing", "01XcHBkiKzg-00013-00009110-00009563": "helping in to the improvement of sensitivity with peripheral tissue", "01XcHBkiKzg-00014-00009563-00010425": "decreasing insulin levels and ro jinuk the promotion of natural steroid hormone", "01XcHBkiKzg-00015-00010425-00011313": "and male development anti fibrotic an agent which reduces fibrosis Geno", "01XcHBkiKzg-00016-00011313-00012110": "protective protects your genes from carrying harmful conditions antifungal", "01XcHBkiKzg-00017-00012110-00012585": "kills common fungal growth anti-inflammatory one of the most", "01XcHBkiKzg-00018-00012585-00013236": "talked-about facts of turmeric benefits niro restorative this is why I call it a", "01XcHBkiKzg-00019-00013236-00013568": "godly vegetable as it assists with the renewal of brain", "01XcHBkiKzg-00020-00013568-00014159": "and spinal tissue metal chelating properties helps to bond important", "01XcHBkiKzg-00021-00014159-00014725": "middle was required for sustainability antiviral protection prevention", "01XcHBkiKzg-00022-00014725-00015485": "incumbents viral and fish station immuno jul 18 says and stimulates the immune", "01XcHBkiKzg-00023-00015485-00016235": "system anti catabolic prevention of the loss of muscle and being and muscle", "01XcHBkiKzg-00024-00016235-00016865": "being broken down anti-carcinogenic counteracting the effects of carcinogen", "01XcHBkiKzg-00025-00016865-00017525": "and carcinogenic entering the body antiproliferative restrains and", "01XcHBkiKzg-00026-00017525-00018158": "restricts the growth of Gemma's rino protective supports the adrenal system", "01XcHBkiKzg-00027-00018158-00018898": "protecting kidneys from harmful liquids and drugs anticoagulant prevent blood", "01XcHBkiKzg-00028-00018898-00019553": "clotting in a common natural blood thinner antiseptic fights against", "01XcHBkiKzg-00029-00019553-00020273": "infection to the skin increased metabolic function proven to help burn", "01XcHBkiKzg-00030-00020273-00021062": "cholesterol and fatty acids which cause a B City that's why I love to Merck let", "01XcHBkiKzg-00031-00021062-00021551": "list has been put together from verified clinical papers from a well researched", "01XcHBkiKzg-00032-00021551-00021989": "article I have on best online to miracle supplement reviews.com forward slash", "01XcHBkiKzg-00033-00021989-00022541": "latest research on turmeric where you can discover much more turmeric news", "01XcHBkiKzg-00034-00022541-00023135": "reviews and recipes and we do hope you enjoyed this information if you did we", "01XcHBkiKzg-00035-00023135-00023741": "love it when our videos receiver thumbs up or gain at health 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Produced by", "023yZUAOGZM-00007-00002128-00002439": "Lakeland PBS with host Ray Gildow.", "023yZUAOGZM-00008-00002439-00002742": "Production funding for Lakeland Currents is made possible by Bemidji", "023yZUAOGZM-00009-00002742-00003046": "Regional Airport serving the region with daily flights to Minneapolis", "023yZUAOGZM-00010-00003046-00003353": "St. Paul international airport. More information available at", "023yZUAOGZM-00011-00003353-00003660": "bemidjiairport.org. Closed captioning for", "023yZUAOGZM-00012-00003660-00003967": "Lakeland Currents is sponsored by Nisswa Tax Service. Tax", "023yZUAOGZM-00013-00003967-00004270": "preparation for businesses and individuals online", "023yZUAOGZM-00014-00004270-00004584": "at nisswatax.com.", "023yZUAOGZM-00015-00004584-00004888": "Ray: Good evening everyone and welcome to Lakeland Currents. We're happy that you're", "023yZUAOGZM-00016-00004888-00005191": "joining us this evening. Well, we're gonna talk a little bit about", "023yZUAOGZM-00017-00005191-00005495": "business succession. And by that I mean", "023yZUAOGZM-00018-00005495-00005802": "if you're a...let's say you're a small hardware store", "023yZUAOGZM-00019-00005802-00006106": "owner in a small rural community, and it could be downtown", "023yZUAOGZM-00020-00006106-00006413": "Duluth or it could be Minneapolis too, but", "023yZUAOGZM-00021-00006413-00006716": "in the smaller communities when you have a hardware", "023yZUAOGZM-00022-00006716-00007020": "say a True Value store or an Ace store that's gonna be", "023yZUAOGZM-00023-00007020-00007327": "sold or closed, it's a big deal to the community.", "023yZUAOGZM-00024-00007327-00007630": "To lose that asset. And so we're gonna", "023yZUAOGZM-00025-00007630-00007937": "talk about how businesses can plan", "023yZUAOGZM-00026-00007937-00008241": "to make that succession a smooth", "023yZUAOGZM-00027-00008241-00008541": "one so many businesses don't have any idea", "023yZUAOGZM-00028-00008541-00008848": "what they're gonna do when they want to retire. And they just", "023yZUAOGZM-00029-00008848-00009152": "sometimes just close their doors. And so we're gonna try to help", "023yZUAOGZM-00030-00009152-00009456": "companies who are involved with that kind of thing or small", "023yZUAOGZM-00031-00009456-00009759": "businesses how you plan", "023yZUAOGZM-00032-00009759-00010066": "to make that succession smooth so that the", "023yZUAOGZM-00033-00010066-00010370": "operation can stay in the community. Is that a good way to", "023yZUAOGZM-00034-00010370-00010673": "summarize it a little bit, John? John: I think that's a fantastic", "023yZUAOGZM-00035-00010673-00010977": "summary. Ray: Well, my guests this evening are John Bennett who is an extension", "023yZUAOGZM-00036-00010977-00011284": "educator with the University of Minnesota. The Center for", "023yZUAOGZM-00037-00011284-00011591": "Community Vitality. And we have had staff", "023yZUAOGZM-00038-00011591-00011898": "members on our program over the years from this, it's always been really", "023yZUAOGZM-00039-00011898-00012202": "good information. And you come from Duluth. Your office", "023yZUAOGZM-00040-00012202-00012505": "is in Cloquet. [That's right] But you live in Duluth. And Bob...", "023yZUAOGZM-00041-00012505-00012812": "Palmquist is a Vice President of", "023yZUAOGZM-00042-00012812-00013119": "Finance and what else, Bob? Bob: Business Development.", "023yZUAOGZM-00043-00013119-00013423": "Ray: Business Development for the Northspan Group. Which is a group of", "023yZUAOGZM-00044-00013423-00013733": "consultants who work with businesses on these", "023yZUAOGZM-00045-00013733-00014037": "kinds of issues. And I guess you would...we can talk a little bit about what your", "023yZUAOGZM-00046-00014037-00014344": "company does beyond that, cause I'm sure you do other things. [Right]", "023yZUAOGZM-00047-00014344-00014644": "But let's just talk a little bit about....when", "023yZUAOGZM-00048-00014644-00014951": "we did a program about this a couple years ago we", "023yZUAOGZM-00049-00014951-00015255": "basically had a retired CEO come in with", "023yZUAOGZM-00050-00015255-00015565": "one of your faculty or one of your staff members", "023yZUAOGZM-00051-00015565-00015869": "and talk about how they go into a hardware", "023yZUAOGZM-00052-00015869-00016172": "store or lumberyard or whatever and kinda help", "023yZUAOGZM-00053-00016172-00016476": "them plan. Well, since that time that we", "023yZUAOGZM-00054-00016476-00016783": "did that a couple years ago your process has gotten much more", "023yZUAOGZM-00055-00016783-00017087": "sophisticated, much broader, and now you're", "023yZUAOGZM-00056-00017087-00017400": "treating it as not just that individual business owners", "023yZUAOGZM-00057-00017400-00017707": "issue but it's an issue for the community at large.", "023yZUAOGZM-00058-00017707-00018011": "So, maybe just talk a little bit about what we're...addressing", "023yZUAOGZM-00059-00018011-00018318": "here John. John: Yeah, yeah that's right. So", "023yZUAOGZM-00060-00018318-00018621": "I....my center with the extention the Center", "023yZUAOGZM-00061-00018621-00018928": "for Community Vitality has been doing business retention", "023yZUAOGZM-00062-00018928-00019229": "and expansion programming for jeez, probably", "023yZUAOGZM-00063-00019229-00019536": "more than 25 years across Minnesota.", "023yZUAOGZM-00064-00019536-00019836": "So for a long time we've been working with and", "023yZUAOGZM-00065-00019836-00020143": "encouraging communities to....go", "023yZUAOGZM-00066-00020143-00020450": "out and touch base with their existing businesses. Because", "023yZUAOGZM-00067-00020450-00020750": "as an economic development strategy it's", "023yZUAOGZM-00068-00020750-00021054": "always a better bang for your buck to", "023yZUAOGZM-00069-00021054-00021358": "keep the businesses that you already have you know, rather than", "023yZUAOGZM-00070-00021358-00021664": "just thinking about attracting new ones. So", "023yZUAOGZM-00071-00021664-00021968": "we've been doing that for a long time. And a few years", "023yZUAOGZM-00072-00021968-00022275": "back we noticed that", "023yZUAOGZM-00073-00022275-00022585": "another part of extension that we have", "023yZUAOGZM-00074-00022585-00022892": "kind of that does more work with agriculture", "023yZUAOGZM-00075-00022892-00023203": "and farm business transitions, they were starting", "023yZUAOGZM-00076-00023203-00023506": "to see business owners that were not", "023yZUAOGZM-00077-00023506-00023810": "in the agriculture industry that were attending their workshops.", "023yZUAOGZM-00078-00023810-00024114": "Because they wanted to learn more about how to", "023yZUAOGZM-00079-00024114-00024424": "how they could successfully sell", "023yZUAOGZM-00080-00024424-00024727": "their business and transition their business. So we thought", "023yZUAOGZM-00081-00024727-00025028": "that that was pretty interesting. And at the same", "023yZUAOGZM-00082-00025028-00025335": "time we started to notice that", "023yZUAOGZM-00083-00025335-00025642": "economic developers and city managers", "023yZUAOGZM-00084-00025642-00025949": "from different communities around the state were telling", "023yZUAOGZM-00085-00025949-00026252": "us hey our main street businesses", "023yZUAOGZM-00086-00026252-00026556": "our owners are mostly baby boomers and a lot of them don't", "023yZUAOGZM-00087-00026556-00026863": "have a plan to retire or plan", "023yZUAOGZM-00088-00026863-00027167": "to transition or sell their business. So we", "023yZUAOGZM-00089-00027167-00027470": "decided that was a good opportunity for us to", "023yZUAOGZM-00090-00027470-00027777": "do some more research in this area. And that's when we", "023yZUAOGZM-00091-00027777-00028084": "decided to kind of dive right in and", "023yZUAOGZM-00092-00028084-00028391": "think about what that research might look like. Ray: And before we get", "023yZUAOGZM-00093-00028391-00028695": "to that research, Bob let's talk a little bit about what your", "023yZUAOGZM-00094-00028695-00028998": "company does. Bob: Right. At the Northspan Group we do a lot", "023yZUAOGZM-00095-00028998-00029302": "of work in with business development and economic development.", "023yZUAOGZM-00096-00029302-00029609": "We're one of those economic development organizations that", "023yZUAOGZM-00097-00029609-00029909": "was just mentioned a minute ago.", "023yZUAOGZM-00098-00029909-00030213": "And we saw several years ago", "023yZUAOGZM-00099-00030213-00030517": "probably going back to about 2010", "023yZUAOGZM-00100-00030517-00030824": "that you know, the trends out there are the", "023yZUAOGZM-00101-00030824-00031127": "business owners are getting older. The baby boomer", "023yZUAOGZM-00102-00031127-00031427": "business owners are huge segment", "023yZUAOGZM-00103-00031427-00031734": "of the business community. And", "023yZUAOGZM-00104-00031734-00032041": "a lot of them have done nothing as far as", "023yZUAOGZM-00105-00032041-00032345": "planning or positioning their business for", "023yZUAOGZM-00106-00032345-00032649": "the next owner or for succession.", "023yZUAOGZM-00107-00032649-00032952": "And we view that as an economic development problem", "023yZUAOGZM-00108-00032952-00033259": "that should that business not be", "023yZUAOGZM-00109-00033259-00033563": "positioned to sell and the business owner", "023yZUAOGZM-00110-00033563-00033870": "in turn or the heirs of that", "023yZUAOGZM-00111-00033870-00034174": "business owner decide to just", "023yZUAOGZM-00112-00034174-00034481": "close the business up and liquidate it, it's a loss", "023yZUAOGZM-00113-00034481-00034784": "of a wealth generating business and a loss", "023yZUAOGZM-00114-00034784-00035091": "of jobs for that community. Which are...nobody wants", "023yZUAOGZM-00115-00035091-00035395": "to see that. And so, we got involved", "023yZUAOGZM-00116-00035395-00035702": "back in 2010 more on the", "023yZUAOGZM-00117-00035702-00036009": "business valuation side of things. How do", "023yZUAOGZM-00118-00036009-00036312": "you know....what is a particular business", "023yZUAOGZM-00119-00036312-00036616": "worth? How does that business person", "023yZUAOGZM-00120-00036616-00036920": "go about positioning the", "023yZUAOGZM-00121-00036920-00037227": "value of their business? Is it the value that they need in a retirement", "023yZUAOGZM-00122-00037227-00037534": "to be able to transition that", "023yZUAOGZM-00123-00037534-00037837": "business? Ray: I know I have a couple friends that have purchased", "023yZUAOGZM-00124-00037837-00038144": "businesses recently. And they're fairly young", "023yZUAOGZM-00125-00038144-00038448": "and it was a challenge to come up with the", "023yZUAOGZM-00126-00038448-00038755": "capital to make the investment.", "023yZUAOGZM-00127-00038755-00039062": "So do you help them with that too? Bob: We do. You know, going", "023yZUAOGZM-00128-00039062-00039365": "back to when we got involved with this, this was right", "023yZUAOGZM-00129-00039365-00039669": "you know, you're at the end of the great recession", "023yZUAOGZM-00130-00039669-00039973": "a lot of businesses had gone through a tough time.", "023yZUAOGZM-00131-00039973-00040280": "The value of those businesses had dropped off", "023yZUAOGZM-00132-00040280-00040593": "because they probably had gone through a couple bad years.", "023yZUAOGZM-00133-00040593-00040897": "Financing was tough to get.", "023yZUAOGZM-00134-00040897-00041197": "To get some traditional financing. And a lot of", "023yZUAOGZM-00135-00041197-00041504": "business sales earlier in the decade", "023yZUAOGZM-00136-00041504-00041808": "were done strictly through seller financing.", "023yZUAOGZM-00137-00041808-00042112": "Very little bank financing. That's changed now", "023yZUAOGZM-00138-00042112-00042419": "where the banks have become a lot more willing to be able to finance", "023yZUAOGZM-00139-00042419-00042725": "the transition of those businesses and if they have some", "023yZUAOGZM-00140-00042725-00043029": "gaps and still need to have a little bit more help in", "023yZUAOGZM-00141-00043029-00043333": "putting together a financial package. That's where", "023yZUAOGZM-00142-00043333-00043640": "our firm gets involved. And we involve", "023yZUAOGZM-00143-00043640-00043940": "other programs that are out there, other economic development", "023yZUAOGZM-00144-00043940-00044247": "programs. Ray: I know we think often that this just", "023yZUAOGZM-00145-00044247-00044551": "impacts probably the smaller communities but you're", "023yZUAOGZM-00146-00044551-00044858": "both from the Duluth area and you both have seen", "023yZUAOGZM-00147-00044858-00045158": "probably what happened when a number of jobs were lost in Duluth.", "023yZUAOGZM-00148-00045158-00045462": "[Correct] Where the whole population made a pretty big", "023yZUAOGZM-00149-00045462-00045769": "drastic drip...ah dip rather.", "023yZUAOGZM-00150-00045769-00046072": "But that was probably from larger organizations", "023yZUAOGZM-00151-00046072-00046379": "going moving somewhere or closing down. But", "023yZUAOGZM-00152-00046379-00046689": "anytime these businesses leave a community", "023yZUAOGZM-00153-00046689-00047000": "it's a big impact isn't it? John: Yes.", "023yZUAOGZM-00154-00047000-00047300": "Absolutely. And one piece of data that we hadlearned from", "023yZUAOGZM-00155-00047300-00047604": "the small business development centers is that", "023yZUAOGZM-00156-00047604-00047907": "30 percent of businesses that failed,", "023yZUAOGZM-00157-00047907-00048211": "failed because there was not a successful transition.", "023yZUAOGZM-00158-00048211-00048518": "Or a successful succession to that business", "023yZUAOGZM-00159-00048518-00048822": "so it's a big deal. And", "023yZUAOGZM-00160-00048822-00049125": "communities of all sizes both urban and rural.", "023yZUAOGZM-00161-00049125-00049432": "Ray: I've worked a lot with communities and", "023yZUAOGZM-00162-00049432-00049736": "some of these development areas and I know that I've always considered", "023yZUAOGZM-00163-00049736-00050046": "the two worst jobs in town would be the Chamber Director", "023yZUAOGZM-00164-00050046-00050353": "or the Economic Development person. [laughing]", "023yZUAOGZM-00165-00050353-00050657": "Because there are always so much pressure on those folks", "023yZUAOGZM-00166-00050657-00050960": "to get growth. I think you make an interesting point", "023yZUAOGZM-00167-00050960-00051264": "you don't have to spend all your time on growth. Sometimes you", "023yZUAOGZM-00168-00051264-00051571": "need to spend it on maintaining what you have. I think we", "023yZUAOGZM-00169-00051571-00051878": "can drive through a lot of rural communities and", "023yZUAOGZM-00170-00051878-00052182": "see a lot of store fronts that are closed down because", "023yZUAOGZM-00171-00052182-00052485": "those folks didn't have a plan to keep those in business. So what's", "023yZUAOGZM-00172-00052485-00052796": "some of the research John, that you've got that...", "023yZUAOGZM-00173-00052796-00053103": "kind of recent? John: Yeah, yeah great. Well", "023yZUAOGZM-00174-00053103-00053406": "a few years ago when we started thinking about this we decided to", "023yZUAOGZM-00175-00053406-00053710": "put together an advisory group with about 10", "023yZUAOGZM-00176-00053710-00054017": "different organizations that do work in this field. So,", "023yZUAOGZM-00177-00054017-00054320": "the state chamber of commerce was", "023yZUAOGZM-00178-00054320-00054627": "involved and we had some business advisers", "023yZUAOGZM-00179-00054627-00054931": "and bankers and the Minnesota Valuation", "023yZUAOGZM-00180-00054931-00055235": "Association. And we put together", "023yZUAOGZM-00181-00055235-00055538": "a survey that was designed at", "023yZUAOGZM-00182-00055538-00055842": "asking business owners", "023yZUAOGZM-00183-00055842-00056146": "that had successfully transitioned", "023yZUAOGZM-00184-00056146-00056453": "over a certain period of time. So, we sent out", "023yZUAOGZM-00185-00056453-00056756": "surveys to businesses that", "023yZUAOGZM-00186-00056756-00057063": "had successfully transitioned between the", "023yZUAOGZM-00187-00057063-00057367": "2008 and 2012 period and were", "023yZUAOGZM-00188-00057367-00057670": "still open a few years after that", "023yZUAOGZM-00189-00057670-00057977": "in 2015. And we wanted to ask them some", "023yZUAOGZM-00190-00057977-00058281": "questions about what their experience was like", "023yZUAOGZM-00191-00058281-00058588": "what worked well, what did not work well? What were some of", "023yZUAOGZM-00192-00058588-00058898": "the key challenges and kind of some advice for", "023yZUAOGZM-00193-00058898-00059199": "other potential business owners or", "023yZUAOGZM-00194-00059199-00059506": "communities that might want to combat this issue?", "023yZUAOGZM-00195-00059506-00059809": "And some of the findings that we discovered", "023yZUAOGZM-00196-00059809-00060113": "some were surprising and some were", "023yZUAOGZM-00197-00060113-00060416": "not. So, the way that we kind of", "023yZUAOGZM-00198-00060416-00060723": "approached this was looking at business transition from a", "023yZUAOGZM-00199-00060723-00061027": "couple of different angles. One", "023yZUAOGZM-00200-00061027-00061331": "is the kind of the ownership side. So, that's the", "023yZUAOGZM-00201-00061331-00061638": "you know, the legal things. Figuring out", "023yZUAOGZM-00202-00061638-00061938": "a sale price and financing working with the", "023yZUAOGZM-00203-00061938-00062245": "banks. And then the other side that we wanted to learn more", "023yZUAOGZM-00204-00062245-00062549": "about was more of the leadership. So when businesses", "023yZUAOGZM-00205-00062549-00062852": "transition, after that transition", "023yZUAOGZM-00206-00062852-00063159": "occurs there are several things that", "023yZUAOGZM-00207-00063159-00063466": "the previous owner can work with the new owner", "023yZUAOGZM-00208-00063466-00063773": "on that can help make that more successful.", "023yZUAOGZM-00209-00063773-00064080": "You know, such as dealing with employee issues or", "023yZUAOGZM-00210-00064080-00064384": "cash flow. But really just...it's kind of like a", "023yZUAOGZM-00211-00064384-00064687": "a knowledge management you", "023yZUAOGZM-00212-00064687-00064998": "know passing that along to the next owners. Some of those things we", "023yZUAOGZM-00213-00064998-00065305": "found out were really even more", "023yZUAOGZM-00214-00065305-00065612": "important from the businesses that we heard back from.", "023yZUAOGZM-00215-00065612-00065919": "Ray: Hmm. Bob, you were gonna say something", "023yZUAOGZM-00216-00065919-00066226": "here? Bob: Well, we're finding that just our experience working with", "023yZUAOGZM-00217-00066226-00066533": "businesses throughout the region", "023yZUAOGZM-00218-00066533-00066840": "you know, that information is pretty much holding true.", "023yZUAOGZM-00219-00066840-00067147": "You know if you've got somebody that's looking at transitioning a business", "023yZUAOGZM-00220-00067147-00067450": "they're either going to sell to employees", "023yZUAOGZM-00221-00067450-00067757": "and or management. If it's a family owned business they're gonna", "023yZUAOGZM-00222-00067757-00068057": "sell to.....family members.", "023yZUAOGZM-00223-00068057-00068361": "Or the other alternative is to sell to", "023yZUAOGZM-00224-00068361-00068668": "an outside party and one that might be aligned", "023yZUAOGZM-00225-00068668-00068975": "with their industry or their business or many not have any", "023yZUAOGZM-00226-00068975-00069285": "alignment with the industry or business.", "023yZUAOGZM-00227-00069285-00069586": "And you know, there's a lot of dynamics that go on with", "023yZUAOGZM-00228-00069586-00069893": "each one of those. Sometimes the family businesses", "023yZUAOGZM-00229-00069893-00070196": "are some of the more complicated ones cause they have", "023yZUAOGZM-00230-00070196-00070503": "a lot of....family dynamics in there that have to be", "023yZUAOGZM-00231-00070503-00070810": "addressed. But some of the points that John just made", "023yZUAOGZM-00232-00070810-00071117": "regarding looking at management,", "023yZUAOGZM-00233-00071117-00071421": "who the employees are. How do you groom them? How do you train", "023yZUAOGZM-00234-00071421-00071724": "them? How do you educate them to be potential", "023yZUAOGZM-00235-00071724-00072028": "new owners down the road?", "023yZUAOGZM-00236-00072028-00072332": "And these are things that you have to look at. You", "023yZUAOGZM-00237-00072332-00072639": "know years in advance. It's not something you can...that", "023yZUAOGZM-00238-00072639-00072942": "you're gonna look at last minute. Ray: So if....a", "023yZUAOGZM-00239-00072942-00073246": "person were considering selling his or her", "023yZUAOGZM-00240-00073246-00073550": "business how far in advance would you recommend?", "023yZUAOGZM-00241-00073550-00073857": "Bob: Well this sounds like a lot of years but", "023yZUAOGZM-00242-00073857-00074167": "a perfect one would be 5 or more years.", "023yZUAOGZM-00243-00074167-00074467": "One of the reasons for that is again educating.", "023yZUAOGZM-00244-00074467-00074771": "If they're internal", "023yZUAOGZM-00245-00074771-00075078": "potential for owners is educating", "023yZUAOGZM-00246-00075078-00075388": "your employees or management. Also, it's gonna give you", "023yZUAOGZM-00247-00075388-00075688": "an opportunity as business owner if you have a target", "023yZUAOGZM-00248-00075688-00075995": "sales price for your business you've got time to do", "023yZUAOGZM-00249-00075995-00076296": "some value enhancement for your business. Making some", "023yZUAOGZM-00250-00076296-00076603": "changes within the operation.", "023yZUAOGZM-00251-00076603-00076910": "Focusing more on maximizing that bottom", "023yZUAOGZM-00252-00076910-00077213": "line instead of trying to minimize that bottom line for", "023yZUAOGZM-00253-00077213-00077517": "you know...tax... [Tax purposes] purposes yeah.", "023yZUAOGZM-00254-00077517-00077821": "Ray: Hmm. So,", "023yZUAOGZM-00255-00077821-00078124": "the Center for Community Vitality works in all areas I mean", "023yZUAOGZM-00256-00078124-00078431": "you're working medium sized or larger cities", "023yZUAOGZM-00257-00078431-00078735": "to many many rural areas.", "023yZUAOGZM-00258-00078735-00079042": "In the rural communities when you look at populations of", "023yZUAOGZM-00259-00079042-00079345": "2500,3000....what are you", "023yZUAOGZM-00260-00079345-00079649": "mostly looking probably at grocery stores, hardware stores,", "023yZUAOGZM-00261-00079649-00079953": "lumberyards? John: You know that's...that's a good question.", "023yZUAOGZM-00262-00079953-00080256": "And so for this", "023yZUAOGZM-00263-00080256-00080560": "particular study we decided to look at", "023yZUAOGZM-00264-00080560-00080864": "businesses outside of the twin cities metropolitan", "023yZUAOGZM-00265-00080864-00081167": "area, so those 7 counties down there.", "023yZUAOGZM-00266-00081167-00081474": "And we surveyed communities that were", "023yZUAOGZM-00267-00081474-00081781": "7500 or less. And the majority of those were actually", "023yZUAOGZM-00268-00081781-00082085": "communities with fewer than 5000", "023yZUAOGZM-00269-00082085-00082392": "residents. And we also", "023yZUAOGZM-00270-00082392-00082695": "decided that we were not going to survey", "023yZUAOGZM-00271-00082695-00083006": "farms because that's something that we do in another part", "023yZUAOGZM-00272-00083006-00083306": "of the University. And we decided not to", "023yZUAOGZM-00273-00083306-00083610": "survey businesses", "023yZUAOGZM-00274-00083610-00083913": "that were you know....", "023yZUAOGZM-00275-00083913-00084224": "eye care providers or chiropractors things like that that are a little more", "023yZUAOGZM-00276-00084224-00084524": "specialty. And we also did not survey", "023yZUAOGZM-00277-00084524-00084831": "businesses that were passed along or sold from", "023yZUAOGZM-00278-00084831-00085138": "one family member to another. So we did individual to", "023yZUAOGZM-00279-00085138-00085438": "an individual sales because we thought that would help", "023yZUAOGZM-00280-00085438-00085745": "provide us with the best data possible.", "023yZUAOGZM-00281-00085745-00086052": "So that's kinda how we made our decisions about the particular", "023yZUAOGZM-00282-00086052-00086356": "businesses to survey. And of those that", "023yZUAOGZM-00283-00086356-00086659": "we heard back, the number one", "023yZUAOGZM-00284-00086659-00086963": "ownership change related issue that kind of", "023yZUAOGZM-00285-00086963-00087270": "stood out was the financing piece. So,", "023yZUAOGZM-00286-00087270-00087574": "actually working with the banks.", "023yZUAOGZM-00287-00087574-00087881": "Alot of the businesses that we surveyed", "023yZUAOGZM-00288-00087881-00088184": "said that they had a lot of trouble with that. And the other", "023yZUAOGZM-00289-00088184-00088491": "issue that we found out was often times thar business owner", "023yZUAOGZM-00290-00088491-00088795": "has an unrealistic expectation", "023yZUAOGZM-00291-00088795-00089099": "about what the value of their business is.", "023yZUAOGZM-00292-00089099-00089402": "And that's important to know for what Bob had just", "023yZUAOGZM-00293-00089402-00089706": "mentioned. Part of the reason you need to start thinking about", "023yZUAOGZM-00294-00089706-00090013": "this 5 years out is because what business", "023yZUAOGZM-00295-00090013-00090313": "owners might have kind of in their mind or they're thinking", "023yZUAOGZM-00296-00090313-00090623": "about what their business is worth, is not actually the case.", "023yZUAOGZM-00297-00090623-00090927": "And if they start early enough they can start", "023yZUAOGZM-00298-00090927-00091231": "thinking about some of those changes that need to be made", "023yZUAOGZM-00299-00091231-00091534": "to get as much money for their business as they", "023yZUAOGZM-00300-00091534-00091838": "possibly can and to make sure that it transitions", "023yZUAOGZM-00301-00091838-00092141": "successfully. Ray: So, you have a little different", "023yZUAOGZM-00302-00092141-00092445": "twist than what we talked about a few years ago and that is", "023yZUAOGZM-00303-00092445-00092749": "a more community involvement. And talk a little bit about", "023yZUAOGZM-00304-00092749-00093056": "what does that mean? John: Yeah, well", "023yZUAOGZM-00305-00093056-00093359": "what we've sort of found is that", "023yZUAOGZM-00306-00093359-00093660": "in the communities that we work if you want something", "023yZUAOGZM-00307-00093660-00093967": "to happen there needs to be a ....or it works best if", "023yZUAOGZM-00308-00093967-00094274": "it's a community based strategy. And there weren't", "023yZUAOGZM-00309-00094274-00094574": "many communities around the state that", "023yZUAOGZM-00310-00094574-00094881": "were doing some things. There were a couple", "023yZUAOGZM-00311-00094881-00095191": "in Spring Valley, Minnesota for example they had started", "023yZUAOGZM-00312-00095191-00095495": "doing this work over a decade ago.", "023yZUAOGZM-00313-00095495-00095802": "And they had received a grant", "023yZUAOGZM-00314-00095802-00096109": "and had an adviser that was working with", "023yZUAOGZM-00315-00096109-00096419": "some existing businesses and had you know, great", "023yZUAOGZM-00316-00096419-00096719": "overall strategy to do that. The city of Barnsville, Minnesota", "023yZUAOGZM-00317-00096719-00097020": "also started doing some things some time", "023yZUAOGZM-00318-00097020-00097323": "ago. But we think that it's really important", "023yZUAOGZM-00319-00097323-00097627": "for a community to approach this with many", "023yZUAOGZM-00320-00097627-00097934": "different players that can get involved. So it's not", "023yZUAOGZM-00321-00097934-00098241": "just the economic developers or the chambers", "023yZUAOGZM-00322-00098241-00098548": "directors that are doing this. It's really important to", "023yZUAOGZM-00323-00098548-00098852": "get bankers involved. And it's important", "023yZUAOGZM-00324-00098852-00099155": "to get the local attorneys involved. All those local", "023yZUAOGZM-00325-00099155-00099462": "service providers that can really", "023yZUAOGZM-00326-00099462-00099769": "you know, could really serve to be a good resource.", "023yZUAOGZM-00327-00099769-00100073": "One of the things that we've been learning through", "023yZUAOGZM-00328-00100073-00100376": "our business retention work is that a lot of the", "023yZUAOGZM-00329-00100376-00100683": "businesses that are out there, most of the businesses that are out there,", "023yZUAOGZM-00330-00100683-00100990": "don't have a succession plan already in place.", "023yZUAOGZM-00331-00100990-00101291": "And they....might not", "023yZUAOGZM-00332-00101291-00101598": "even have a business plan already in place. And if you don't", "023yZUAOGZM-00333-00101598-00101901": "have those things it kinda makes those next steps", "023yZUAOGZM-00334-00101901-00102205": "you know....that much", "023yZUAOGZM-00335-00102205-00102508": "more difficult to do. So we're really", "023yZUAOGZM-00336-00102508-00102812": "sort of preaching that....you know,", "023yZUAOGZM-00337-00102812-00103119": "by having the community get involved they can kinda help get the word", "023yZUAOGZM-00338-00103119-00103426": "out, you know, offer work shops and resources.", "023yZUAOGZM-00339-00103426-00103730": "And kind of let business owners know that there", "023yZUAOGZM-00340-00103730-00104033": "are people out there that want to help. Help", "023yZUAOGZM-00341-00104033-00104337": "solve this issue and help everyone, everyone", "023yZUAOGZM-00342-00104337-00104644": "be successful. Ray: Do either of your", "023yZUAOGZM-00343-00104644-00104948": "programs help identify", "023yZUAOGZM-00344-00104948-00105258": "personalities? And the reason I ask that", "023yZUAOGZM-00345-00105258-00105561": "because I've seen some businesses that have", "023yZUAOGZM-00346-00105561-00105865": "great people working in them and they got", "023yZUAOGZM-00347-00105865-00106169": "sold to people who didn't have very good people skills", "023yZUAOGZM-00348-00106169-00106476": "and pow....so can you give advice? Do you", "023yZUAOGZM-00349-00106476-00106779": "help people that are selling to look for the", "023yZUAOGZM-00350-00106779-00107083": "right kind of person? Bob: I think", "023yZUAOGZM-00351-00107083-00107387": "a little bit you are. You really don't", "023yZUAOGZM-00352-00107387-00107690": "have a.....[laughs] in the end it's not... Ray: It's not", "023yZUAOGZM-00353-00107690-00107994": "your decision. Bob: ...your....who does the seller, who does the seller want to sell to? [Right]", "023yZUAOGZM-00354-00107994-00108304": "But I think what we", "023yZUAOGZM-00355-00108304-00108611": "see is a lot of the sellers are driving", "023yZUAOGZM-00356-00108611-00108915": "who that buyers gonna be. And a lot of things they want to see", "023yZUAOGZM-00357-00108915-00109219": "is they want to see their legacy continue. They want to see", "023yZUAOGZM-00358-00109219-00109529": "the name continue as a good solid business within", "023yZUAOGZM-00359-00109529-00109832": "the community as a good employer.", "023yZUAOGZM-00360-00109832-00110136": "Provides good jobs. So, I think they are", "023yZUAOGZM-00361-00110136-00110440": "trying their best to make sure it's the best owner", "023yZUAOGZM-00362-00110440-00110750": "or buyer..... Ray: Otherwise it's gonna come right back in your lap again.", "023yZUAOGZM-00363-00110750-00111054": "Bob: Yeah. Ray: Yeah. John: And you know one other thing that", "023yZUAOGZM-00364-00111054-00111357": "we learned from our research as well is that this leadership", "023yZUAOGZM-00365-00111357-00111664": "transition piece is very important as well and", "023yZUAOGZM-00366-00111664-00111971": "the number one thing that....", "023yZUAOGZM-00367-00111971-00112278": "that buyers are looking for is mentorship.", "023yZUAOGZM-00368-00112278-00112582": "And that can come in the form of the previous owner", "023yZUAOGZM-00369-00112582-00112885": "if that person is willing and able to do so.", "023yZUAOGZM-00370-00112885-00113189": "But it can also come from other business owners within", "023yZUAOGZM-00371-00113189-00113493": "the community. So when you're buying a new", "023yZUAOGZM-00372-00113493-00113796": "business in a community that you know...", "023yZUAOGZM-00373-00113796-00114107": "you may be new to, it's important to", "023yZUAOGZM-00374-00114107-00114407": "kind of find a way to get plugged into those social networks that", "023yZUAOGZM-00375-00114407-00114711": "are already there in that social capital. You know", "023yZUAOGZM-00376-00114711-00115014": "whether it's the local churches, or the rotary club", "023yZUAOGZM-00377-00115014-00115321": "or Kiwanis or whatever that might be.", "023yZUAOGZM-00378-00115321-00115625": "It's important to have.....and this is why", "023yZUAOGZM-00379-00115625-00115929": "you know from a community perspective the community can kind of get together", "023yZUAOGZM-00380-00115929-00116235": "and think about how can we deliberately", "023yZUAOGZM-00381-00116235-00116539": "go out and connect with these new business owners and try", "023yZUAOGZM-00382-00116539-00116846": "and help them be as successful as possible.", "023yZUAOGZM-00383-00116846-00117150": "Bob: I know from a sellers perspective", "023yZUAOGZM-00384-00117150-00117457": "and you're talking....about how you can bring", "023yZUAOGZM-00385-00117457-00117760": "resources together to help get....", "023yZUAOGZM-00386-00117760-00118064": "a business to transition", "023yZUAOGZM-00387-00118064-00118371": "successfully, we're encouraging", "023yZUAOGZM-00388-00118371-00118675": "you know, the formation of you know of a good solid", "023yZUAOGZM-00389-00118675-00118982": "advisory team.", "023yZUAOGZM-00390-00118982-00119282": "Ray: At the community level? Or at the business level? Bob: Well......it ends", "023yZUAOGZM-00391-00119282-00119589": "depending on the community it....is at", "023yZUAOGZM-00392-00119589-00119896": "the community level but at the business level too I mean", "023yZUAOGZM-00393-00119896-00120203": "you're looking for the right type of accounting", "023yZUAOGZM-00394-00120203-00120507": "support. The right type of legal support.", "023yZUAOGZM-00395-00120507-00120814": "You know....do you have bankers?", "023yZUAOGZM-00396-00120814-00121117": "Or financers in place that are", "023yZUAOGZM-00397-00121117-00121424": "supportive of....financing the transition", "023yZUAOGZM-00398-00121424-00121731": "of businesses?", "023yZUAOGZM-00399-00121731-00122038": "John: You know certainly in...you know we mentioned", "023yZUAOGZM-00400-00122038-00122342": "the chambers, we're working a lot with the", "023yZUAOGZM-00401-00122342-00122652": "chamber groups because when they go out and do their business retention and", "023yZUAOGZM-00402-00122652-00122956": "expansion visits....to their", "023yZUAOGZM-00403-00122956-00123259": "membership, they're finding out that business succession", "023yZUAOGZM-00404-00123259-00123566": "is....a very....", "023yZUAOGZM-00405-00123566-00123873": "hot topic right now. A big concern", "023yZUAOGZM-00406-00123873-00124177": "of their business. Or their hearing it from maybe", "023yZUAOGZM-00407-00124177-00124480": "the bankers that are the....", "023yZUAOGZM-00408-00124480-00124784": "chamber members as well. That they...they're concerned about", "023yZUAOGZM-00409-00124784-00125091": "some of their businesses that aren't positioned to be able to", "023yZUAOGZM-00410-00125091-00125395": "transition that business. We want to get them hooked", "023yZUAOGZM-00411-00125395-00125702": "up with the expertise out there to be able to transition", "023yZUAOGZM-00412-00125702-00126005": "the business. Ray: If I'm a small restaurant owner and", "023yZUAOGZM-00413-00126005-00126309": "I'm getting ready to sell in 2 or 3 years", "023yZUAOGZM-00414-00126309-00126613": "some of the advice I'm gonna get is free", "023yZUAOGZM-00415-00126613-00126923": "but some of the technical support out there might have a cost to it.", "023yZUAOGZM-00416-00126923-00127223": "How do you deal with that? How do you help them?", "023yZUAOGZM-00417-00127223-00127530": "Bob: Well...that's gives me a chance to", "023yZUAOGZM-00418-00127530-00127837": "mention that you know a lot of those services do cost", "023yZUAOGZM-00419-00127837-00128151": "money. When you're going to an account or an", "023yZUAOGZM-00420-00128151-00128454": "attorney or a business valuation", "023yZUAOGZM-00421-00128454-00128761": "or appraiser. Or even somebody that will facilitate that", "023yZUAOGZM-00422-00128761-00129068": "process too. Those are services that", "023yZUAOGZM-00423-00129068-00129375": "are offered at a cost or they're provided at a", "023yZUAOGZM-00424-00129375-00129682": "cost. And one of the things that's", "023yZUAOGZM-00425-00129682-00129993": "held a lot of business owners back is", "023yZUAOGZM-00426-00129993-00130300": "the perceived cost. And when I say", "023yZUAOGZM-00427-00130300-00130603": "perceived cost it's probably it's....it is an actual", "023yZUAOGZM-00428-00130603-00130910": "cost that maybe holds them back.", "023yZUAOGZM-00429-00130910-00131211": "Our organization and our span group did approach", "023yZUAOGZM-00430-00131211-00131514": "rural development this last year for", "023yZUAOGZM-00431-00131514-00131821": "a grant that would help", "023yZUAOGZM-00432-00131821-00132125": "cover up to 50 percent of those costs. [Wow]", "023yZUAOGZM-00433-00132125-00132432": "For a business owner that's in a rural", "023yZUAOGZM-00434-00132432-00132742": "community, is a smaller business so under", "023yZUAOGZM-00435-00132742-00133046": "50 employees.", "023yZUAOGZM-00436-00133046-00133349": "And we're hoping that that's you know, a little carrot that you can", "023yZUAOGZM-00437-00133349-00133656": "hang out there to get some of the business owners to", "023yZUAOGZM-00438-00133656-00133957": "you know, take that leap as far as", "023yZUAOGZM-00439-00133957-00134260": "business succession planning.", "023yZUAOGZM-00440-00134260-00134564": "Both in our area and", "023yZUAOGZM-00441-00134564-00134871": "the statistics nationally show that there's barely", "023yZUAOGZM-00442-00134871-00135171": "a third of the business owners out there that", "023yZUAOGZM-00443-00135171-00135475": "have owners that are getting close to retirement", "023yZUAOGZM-00444-00135475-00135782": "have even got a formal plan in place. Ray: So Bob,", "023yZUAOGZM-00445-00135782-00136085": "how would if a business owner is interested in that", "023yZUAOGZM-00446-00136085-00136392": "how would they contact you? Bob: You know they could contact us", "023yZUAOGZM-00447-00136392-00136693": "and say, hey, you know what are the", "023yZUAOGZM-00448-00136693-00136996": "steps? What do I need to do? How does the", "023yZUAOGZM-00449-00136996-00137310": "grant work? Ray: So they kind of there's", "023yZUAOGZM-00450-00137310-00137617": "a grant that you have and they would have to sort of apply", "023yZUAOGZM-00451-00137617-00137921": "to see if they would be eligible and then you would decide", "023yZUAOGZM-00452-00137921-00138224": "if they should get another like another smaller grant to", "023yZUAOGZM-00453-00138224-00138528": "help them out? Is that kind of how it works? Bob: Well they would be able to get up to", "023yZUAOGZM-00454-00138528-00138835": "50 percent of their expenses covered by", "023yZUAOGZM-00455-00138835-00139135": "the grant that we received.", "023yZUAOGZM-00456-00139135-00139442": "It would help cover the costs of", "023yZUAOGZM-00457-00139442-00139749": "business appraisal, working with", "023yZUAOGZM-00458-00139749-00140053": "a CPA, with an attorney.", "023yZUAOGZM-00459-00140053-00140360": "We're not looking at bringing somebody completely", "023yZUAOGZM-00460-00140360-00140663": "new in unless they actually need to have it.", "023yZUAOGZM-00461-00140663-00140967": "We're wanting to make sure that those business owners", "023yZUAOGZM-00462-00140967-00141274": "they may have part of their advisory", "023yZUAOGZM-00463-00141274-00141581": "team group of advisers", "023yZUAOGZM-00464-00141581-00141885": "already in place, they're just not utilizing them right.", "023yZUAOGZM-00465-00141885-00142195": "And that would be their accountant and attorney.", "023yZUAOGZM-00466-00142195-00142495": "Ray: Go ahead, you were going to say something. John: Yeah, well and I was gonna say", "023yZUAOGZM-00467-00142495-00142802": "there's all kinds of resources around the state as well", "023yZUAOGZM-00468-00142802-00143106": "that business owners can reach out to. There's", "023yZUAOGZM-00469-00143106-00143409": "an organization that's it's based out of Cleveland, its called", "023yZUAOGZM-00470-00143409-00143720": "the Exit Planning Institute. And there's a Minnesota chapter. Ray: It's not", "023yZUAOGZM-00471-00143720-00144027": "for personal life but for business. John: Yeah for businesses! [laughter]", "023yZUAOGZM-00472-00144027-00144334": "And that....", "023yZUAOGZM-00473-00144334-00144644": "institute or you know the Minnesota chapter has a lot of business", "023yZUAOGZM-00474-00144644-00144948": "advisers that are there that help businesses", "023yZUAOGZM-00475-00144948-00145251": "you know, of all sizes. From 5 employees", "023yZUAOGZM-00476-00145251-00145555": "or less to more than 100. So that's a good place", "023yZUAOGZM-00477-00145555-00145859": "to go. And they can kind of help you think about where", "023yZUAOGZM-00478-00145859-00146166": "you....you know what's a good place to start thinking about.", "023yZUAOGZM-00479-00146166-00146476": "Ray: I would guess if you didn't have that plan in place then", "023yZUAOGZM-00480-00146476-00146783": "you ended up just closing. That's pretty", "023yZUAOGZM-00481-00146783-00147083": "a pretty big loss to the owner, isn't it?", "023yZUAOGZM-00482-00147083-00147387": "Cause you're gonna end up just selling off your inventory", "023yZUAOGZM-00483-00147387-00147690": "selling your buildings and who knows they may become a storage building", "023yZUAOGZM-00484-00147690-00147994": "or something. Bob: Right. And we want to make sure that these owners don't wait", "023yZUAOGZM-00485-00147994-00148301": "too long either from a perspective of", "023yZUAOGZM-00486-00148301-00148608": "you know, the baby boomer they don't think", "023yZUAOGZM-00487-00148608-00148915": "that they're ever....they're gonna be alive forever.", "023yZUAOGZM-00488-00148915-00149219": "And....[laughing] that's not the case. Ray: We aren't?", "023yZUAOGZM-00489-00149219-00149525": "Bob: We don't see their exit plan being...them being", "023yZUAOGZM-00490-00149525-00149832": "Ray: Ruining their lives. Bob: Moved out in a stretcher and then having", "023yZUAOGZM-00491-00149832-00150139": "that burden being placed on their family.", "023yZUAOGZM-00492-00150139-00150446": "And decide what's going to be done with the business then. John: Yeah", "023yZUAOGZM-00493-00150446-00150753": "and from a community perspective this is important", "023yZUAOGZM-00494-00150753-00151057": "because...one...another thing that we learned through", "023yZUAOGZM-00495-00151057-00151361": "this research is that", "023yZUAOGZM-00496-00151361-00151671": "about two thirds of the businesses that we interviewed", "023yZUAOGZM-00497-00151671-00151975": "had increased the number of employees that", "023yZUAOGZM-00498-00151975-00152278": "that are located at the business since they", "023yZUAOGZM-00499-00152278-00152585": "had taken the business owner. And about the same percentage had", "023yZUAOGZM-00500-00152585-00152889": "increased their sales. So, it's not just", "023yZUAOGZM-00501-00152889-00153193": "retaining the business it's actually expanding the", "023yZUAOGZM-00502-00153193-00153496": "you know, their local economic contribution", "023yZUAOGZM-00503-00153496-00153800": "as well. In addition to that from a community", "023yZUAOGZM-00504-00153800-00154103": "perspective one thing that we found out was", "023yZUAOGZM-00505-00154103-00154410": "of the business owners that responded", "023yZUAOGZM-00506-00154410-00154717": "about a third, 33 percent", "023yZUAOGZM-00507-00154717-00155018": "were people that were new to the communities.", "023yZUAOGZM-00508-00155018-00155325": "So I know, Ben Winchester with my center", "023yZUAOGZM-00509-00155325-00155632": "has been here before talking about newcomers", "023yZUAOGZM-00510-00155632-00155939": "in rural Minnesota. And what we found out was about 33 percent", "023yZUAOGZM-00511-00155939-00156242": "either bought the business and then moved to the", "023yZUAOGZM-00512-00156242-00156549": "community or vice versa.", "023yZUAOGZM-00513-00156549-00156856": "They moved to the community and then bought the business. So these", "023yZUAOGZM-00514-00156856-00157160": "are people that are new to the community and you know their", "023yZUAOGZM-00515-00157160-00157463": "bringing kids to attend schools and so forth.", "023yZUAOGZM-00516-00157463-00157767": "So, it has all different types of benefits not just", "023yZUAOGZM-00517-00157767-00158071": "economic. Ray: It's a real big commitment to buy a business.", "023yZUAOGZM-00518-00158071-00158374": "[It is] And you've mentioned this a couple times now", "023yZUAOGZM-00519-00158374-00158681": "that the reason this is becoming so critical is we have", "023yZUAOGZM-00520-00158681-00158985": "this group of baby boomers who are getting ready to", "023yZUAOGZM-00521-00158985-00159292": "exit these businesses. Do you find there's another", "023yZUAOGZM-00522-00159292-00159596": "group of young people willing to come into most of these businesses?", "023yZUAOGZM-00523-00159596-00159899": "And work the 6, 7 days a week that it takes?", "023yZUAOGZM-00524-00159899-00160203": "Bob: I think so, yeah. Ray: That's encouraging.", "023yZUAOGZM-00525-00160203-00160510": "Bob: Yeah you know you hear about the maybe the family owned businesses", "023yZUAOGZM-00526-00160510-00160817": "and the changes from generation to generation.", "023yZUAOGZM-00527-00160817-00161124": "And you know, the statistics hold true that", "023yZUAOGZM-00528-00161124-00161431": "you know, the success rate for", "023yZUAOGZM-00529-00161431-00161741": "a family business transitioning is....declines", "023yZUAOGZM-00530-00161741-00162041": "with each generation. But overall I think", "023yZUAOGZM-00531-00162041-00162348": "there's still...there's a lot of good potential buyers", "023yZUAOGZM-00532-00162348-00162655": "out there, dynamic people, smart people.", "023yZUAOGZM-00533-00162655-00162962": "That will be very successful. [That's encouraging, yeah] John: Yeah and", "023yZUAOGZM-00534-00162962-00163269": "there's some you know different approaches that", "023yZUAOGZM-00535-00163269-00163580": "a community can take, kind of a community development approach.", "023yZUAOGZM-00536-00163580-00163883": "To encourage younger people getting into", "023yZUAOGZM-00537-00163883-00164187": "you know the business owner field as well.", "023yZUAOGZM-00538-00164187-00164490": "Ray: Thank you for jumping on guys, it's very very interesting topic. [You're welcome]", "023yZUAOGZM-00539-00164490-00164794": "And very timely. I appreciate it. [Thank you] Alright.", "023yZUAOGZM-00540-00164794-00165098": "You've been watching Lakeland Currents where we're talking about what you're talking", "023yZUAOGZM-00541-00165098-00165408": "about. I'm Ray Gildow, so long until next time.", "023yZUAOGZM-00542-00165408-00165712": "♪", "023yZUAOGZM-00543-00165712-00166019": "♪", "023yZUAOGZM-00544-00166019-00166322": "♪", "023yZUAOGZM-00545-00166322-00166422": "♪"}}, {"audio_id": "02nbfvqGCOu", "text": {"02nbfvqGCOu-00000-00001780-00002251": "The INHERIT scenarios describe a positive vision on how European societies could", "02nbfvqGCOu-00001-00002251-00002811": "look like if the 'Triple Win' had been accomplished so the scenarios are tools", "02nbfvqGCOu-00002-00002811-00003301": "to support the strategic planning and decision-making processes. The", "02nbfvqGCOu-00003-00003301-00003685": "scenarios have these narratives of what a future could potentially look like and", "02nbfvqGCOu-00004-00003685-00004186": "with this although for the creation and the promotion of developments that could", "02nbfvqGCOu-00005-00004186-00004828": "get us there to that scenario we developed the future scenarios in six steps first", "02nbfvqGCOu-00006-00004828-00005269": "of all we set the framework so we decided that the scenarios would be EU", "02nbfvqGCOu-00007-00005269-00005716": "focused for the year 2040 they would cover the INHERIT lifestyle areas", "02nbfvqGCOu-00008-00005716-00006151": "would accomplish the 'Triple-Win' and also that it would be four different", "02nbfvqGCOu-00009-00006151-00006664": "scenarios as a second step then we identified the drivers behind the", "02nbfvqGCOu-00010-00006664-00007117": "scenarios, that means we analyze trends with the help of a horizon scanning", "02nbfvqGCOu-00011-00007117-00007603": "approach, as a third step then we rent those trends by importance and we did", "02nbfvqGCOu-00012-00007603-00008143": "this by inviting 30 experts from all over Europe to a workshop and to work", "02nbfvqGCOu-00013-00008143-00008608": "with his trends as a fourth step we selected the two excesses that would", "02nbfvqGCOu-00014-00008608-00009178": "divide these four scenarios like this in and they were driving sectors and social", "02nbfvqGCOu-00015-00009178-00009597": "dynamics as a fifth step then we developed the narratives for the", "02nbfvqGCOu-00016-00009597-00010117": "scenarios and finally we also created storylines of individual citizens living", "02nbfvqGCOu-00017-00010117-00010364": "in these scenarios.", "02nbfvqGCOu-00018-00010746-00011235": "After creating the scenarios we conducted focus groups in five countries in Europe", "02nbfvqGCOu-00019-00011235-00011712": "in Spain in the UK the Czech Republic in Macedonia and in Germany in his focus", "02nbfvqGCOu-00020-00011712-00012105": "groups we wanted to understand from normal citizens how they felt about the", "02nbfvqGCOu-00021-00012105-00012455": "scenarios what they liked about it and what they disliked about it", "02nbfvqGCOu-00022-00012455-00012992": "we received a lot of different comments and feedbacks but what what was very", "02nbfvqGCOu-00023-00012992-00013530": "strong from the feedback was that the first scenario, the one 'My life", "02nbfvqGCOu-00024-00013530-00014115": "between realities' was the most controversial in all countries in the", "02nbfvqGCOu-00025-00014115-00014565": "scenario we described a future which was very much focused on digitalization and", "02nbfvqGCOu-00026-00014565-00015252": "technology and while people on the one hand valued that scenario for its", "02nbfvqGCOu-00027-00015252-00015822": "convenience they were also afraid of losing a personal touch and losing", "02nbfvqGCOu-00028-00015822-00016335": "humanity in this, and on the other hand the scenario 'One for all and all for", "02nbfvqGCOu-00029-00016335-00016938": "one,' which described a very local life and the focus on the community was seen", "02nbfvqGCOu-00030-00016938-00017379": "as most appealing by many of the citizens, here the strong focus on social", "02nbfvqGCOu-00031-00017379-00017816": "and family cohesion was very positively."}}, {"audio_id": "02oLqflwou0", "text": {"02oLqflwou0-00000-00001112-00001191": "OAN: Okay so", "02oLqflwou0-00001-00001225-00001558": "we’ve been two years shooting with them", "02oLqflwou0-00002-00001608-00001708": "it wasn’t easy", "02oLqflwou0-00003-00001708-00001833": "actually I started a year prior", "02oLqflwou0-00004-00001833-00001983": "it took me a year to convince them", "02oLqflwou0-00005-00002037-00002141": "and they finally agreed", "02oLqflwou0-00006-00002141-00002266": "in exchange to make two music videos", "02oLqflwou0-00007-00002508-00002591": "as for today", "02oLqflwou0-00008-00002591-00002720": "two years after", "02oLqflwou0-00009-00002783-00003025": "we’ve been kicked out of bars", "02oLqflwou0-00010-00003079-00003266": "we’ve played in places literally", "02oLqflwou0-00011-00003266-00003395": "in flames, with real fire", "02oLqflwou0-00012-00003454-00003737": "Nicolas Cage fist bumped Leo!", "02oLqflwou0-00013-00003920-00004029": "and we’ve staged a coven", "02oLqflwou0-00014-00004029-00004170": "in the middle of a forest", "02oLqflwou0-00015-00004279-00004441": "and this joint just started", "02oLqflwou0-00016-00004775-00004900": "we’re meeting here in", "02oLqflwou0-00017-00004966-00005091": "Paseo del Born", "02oLqflwou0-00018-00005175-00005241": "so...", "02oLqflwou0-00019-00005241-00005354": "let’s see what happens", "02oLqflwou0-00020-00005412-00005479": "*LUKE", "02oLqflwou0-00021-00005541-00005750": "I’M THE GASMAN", "02oLqflwou0-00022-00005750-00005870": "I’M YOUR MOTHER", "02oLqflwou0-00023-00005870-00005991": "I’M YOUR LOVER", "02oLqflwou0-00024-00005991-00006079": "I’M...", "02oLqflwou0-00025-00006100-00006225": "BEELZEBUB!*", "02oLqflwou0-00026-00008345-00008650": "*YOUR BLOOD IS SO VIRGIN", "02oLqflwou0-00027-00008904-00009208": "YOU SHALL SPILL", "02oLqflwou0-00028-00009416-00009745": "ANOTHER BLONDE IN THE ALTAR", "02oLqflwou0-00029-00009958-00010320": "IN THE NAME OF SATAN!*", "02oLqflwou0-00030-00010729-00010829": "ESKUL: Howdy guys", "02oLqflwou0-00031-00010829-00010933": "you’re...", "02oLqflwou0-00032-00011000-00011104": "...the brave guys", "02oLqflwou0-00033-00011104-00011220": "OAN: How are you?", "02oLqflwou0-00034-00011220-00011358": "ESKUL: Good, as a pig in shit", "02oLqflwou0-00035-00011541-00011637": "OAN: What did just happen?", "02oLqflwou0-00036-00011637-00011945": "Leo told me police just kicked you out?", "02oLqflwou0-00037-00012058-00012154": "ESKUL: oh, yeah", "02oLqflwou0-00038-00012154-00012270": "LEO: aauughfk", "02oLqflwou0-00039-00012354-00012558": "ESKUL: Let’s go to Ciudadela Park...", "02oLqflwou0-00040-00012558-00012683": "somewhere chill", "02oLqflwou0-00041-00012725-00012795": "We're free", "02oLqflwou0-00042-00015370-00015670": "*MOTHER, FATHER, DAUGHTER", "02oLqflwou0-00043-00015716-00016020": "I AM YOUR SON", "02oLqflwou0-00044-00016250-00016554": "PANIC, TERROR", "02oLqflwou0-00045-00016600-00016875": "MONGOL INVASION*", "02oLqflwou0-00046-00018420-00018533": "LEO: ¡ROCK!", "02oLqflwou0-00047-00019075-00019266": "Improvisation for the moment", "02oLqflwou0-00048-00019358-00019454": "doin’ magic", "02oLqflwou0-00049-00019520-00019650": "with what we got", "02oLqflwou0-00050-00019670-00019800": "Carne de Satan!", "02oLqflwou0-00051-00019866-00019966": "¡ROCK!", "02oLqflwou0-00052-00020095-00020250": "OAN: I met them a year prior", "02oLqflwou0-00053-00020250-00020387": "we started shooting", "02oLqflwou0-00054-00020387-00020541": "in the metro", "02oLqflwou0-00055-00020541-00020812": "and I went see them at the Bar Viking", "02oLqflwou0-00056-00020858-00020945": "LEO: The Viking?", "02oLqflwou0-00057-00020945-00021012": "yup", "02oLqflwou0-00058-00021058-00021212": "that was an eventuality", "02oLqflwou0-00059-00021475-00021670": "ESKUL: we’ve got many eventualities", "02oLqflwou0-00060-00021670-00021854": "that have nothing to do with", "02oLqflwou0-00061-00021854-00022058": "our professional job", "02oLqflwou0-00062-00022091-00022329": "LEO: And don’t take us anywhere", "02oLqflwou0-00063-00022387-00022675": "ESKUL: Even discredits us sometimes", "02oLqflwou0-00064-00022675-00022766": "OAN: yeah? why?", "02oLqflwou0-00065-00022766-00022887": "ESKUL: They say", "02oLqflwou0-00066-00022895-00023129": "“we'll pay you with beers”", "02oLqflwou0-00067-00023129-00023208": "LEO: pizzas", "02oLqflwou0-00068-00023208-00023395": "ESKUL: And that’s degrading", "02oLqflwou0-00069-00023395-00023608": "but we accept", "02oLqflwou0-00070-00023608-00023841": "what the f** is this?", "02oLqflwou0-00071-00023841-00024037": "LEO They sell the beer at 2,50", "02oLqflwou0-00072-00024037-00024170": "you get the place crowded", "02oLqflwou0-00073-00024170-00024387": "and they wanna pay you with nothin’", "02oLqflwou0-00074-00024395-00024779": "ESKUL: I eat and drink all I want at home", "02oLqflwou0-00075-00024779-00025116": "I don’t need to go somewhere for that", "02oLqflwou0-00076-00025116-00025366": "it’s my job, my profession", "02oLqflwou0-00077-00025366-00025458": "imagine...", "02oLqflwou0-00078-00025537-00025683": "when you graduate", "02oLqflwou0-00079-00025683-00025875": "and you get your degree", "02oLqflwou0-00080-00025895-00026162": "your time will be worth some money", "02oLqflwou0-00081-00026162-00026233": "right?", "02oLqflwou0-00082-00026500-00026837": "ESKUL: We've been in Barcelona for 10 years", "02oLqflwou0-00083-00026970-00027250": "and playing together for 7", "02oLqflwou0-00084-00027316-00027791": "we’ve both been playing for ten years", "02oLqflwou0-00085-00027791-00027950": "LEO: yeah, kinda", "02oLqflwou0-00086-00027991-00028108": "ESKUL: Since always", "02oLqflwou0-00087-00028108-00028279": "also where he's from he was playing", "02oLqflwou0-00088-00028279-00028454": "where I'm from, also playing", "02oLqflwou0-00089-00028454-00028591": "so…", "02oLqflwou0-00090-00028750-00028916": "we’re gonna keep doing it", "02oLqflwou0-00091-00028916-00029070": "LEO: how do you imagine the clip", "02oLqflwou0-00092-00029070-00029220": "for \"Banana for the Potassium\"?", "02oLqflwou0-00093-00029220-00029400": "I can imagine!", "02oLqflwou0-00094-00029445-00029654": "okay so, “Hippie Meat”, “Potassium”", "02oLqflwou0-00095-00029654-00029845": "“Mongol Ivasion\" and \"Vaginal Hugs”", "02oLqflwou0-00096-00029845-00029929": "there's those four", "02oLqflwou0-00097-00030133-00030383": "ESKUL: wait a couple days", "02oLqflwou0-00098-00030383-00030562": "for him to write a little", "02oLqflwou0-00099-00030562-00030691": "about \"Hippie Meat\"", "02oLqflwou0-00100-00030691-00030812": "LEO: no, but...", "02oLqflwou0-00101-00030812-00031012": "LEO: well, listen to the lyrics", "02oLqflwou0-00102-00031012-00031145": "*I’m a plant*", "02oLqflwou0-00103-00031145-00031366": "a carnivorous plant that eats meat", "02oLqflwou0-00104-00031400-00031554": "you can also shoot scenes", "02oLqflwou0-00105-00031554-00031679": "from National Geographic", "02oLqflwou0-00106-00031679-00031900": "of those plants eating bugs", "02oLqflwou0-00107-00031975-00032045": "see:", "02oLqflwou0-00108-00032045-00032358": "*I’m a plant and I eat meat*", "02oLqflwou0-00109-00032358-00032550": "There you have the plants", "02oLqflwou0-00110-00032550-00032687": "that are vegan", "02oLqflwou0-00111-00032687-00032804": "well \"vegan\"", "02oLqflwou0-00112-00032804-00032950": "they’re more vegan than vegans", "02oLqflwou0-00113-00032950-00033104": "but they eat MEAT", "02oLqflwou0-00114-00033129-00033225": "ESKUL: Wichi!", "02oLqflwou0-00115-00033225-00033545": "that's my Whichi!", "02oLqflwou0-00116-00033620-00033983": "that’s next level", "02oLqflwou0-00117-00033983-00034108": "he's a star dog!", "02oLqflwou0-00118-00034108-00034345": "LEO: Since we have to play cat and mouse", "02oLqflwou0-00119-00034345-00034587": "we play it big", "02oLqflwou0-00120-00034587-00034829": "Well, as better as possible", "02oLqflwou0-00121-00034829-00035070": "OAN: What about the police seizing your things?", "02oLqflwou0-00122-00035070-00035312": "LEO: Today!", "02oLqflwou0-00123-00035312-00035483": "They didn't take anything...", "02oLqflwou0-00124-00035483-00035679": "it was close!", "02oLqflwou0-00125-00035679-00035891": "ESKUL: What have they taken from you?", "02oLqflwou0-00126-00035929-00036116": "LEO: From me...", "02oLqflwou0-00127-00036116-00036254": "I am the luckiest", "02oLqflwou0-00128-00036254-00036454": "8 guitars and 2 box drums", "02oLqflwou0-00129-00036454-00036545": "but that’s me", "02oLqflwou0-00130-00036666-00036850": "ESKUL: From me", "02oLqflwou0-00131-00036850-00037229": "they've taken so much over the years", "02oLqflwou0-00132-00037229-00037504": "like 10 guitars, 8 box drums", "02oLqflwou0-00133-00037545-00037754": "So many...", "02oLqflwou0-00134-00037754-00037966": "it’s a lot of sacrifice", "02oLqflwou0-00135-00037966-00038162": "so much pain", "02oLqflwou0-00136-00038162-00038320": "and giving up", "02oLqflwou0-00137-00038320-00038425": "motherf**", "02oLqflwou0-00138-00038425-00038529": "crap...", "02oLqflwou0-00139-00038558-00038912": "now we go out with better equipment", "02oLqflwou0-00140-00038912-00039170": "but try not to expose ourselves", "02oLqflwou0-00141-00039170-00039350": "If you’re in your place", "02oLqflwou0-00142-00039350-00039512": "your street, your home", "02oLqflwou0-00143-00039512-00039737": "in your place, working", "02oLqflwou0-00144-00039737-00039958": "and they come and fine you", "02oLqflwou0-00145-00039958-00040175": "that means it’s not your place", "02oLqflwou0-00146-00040175-00040387": "you don't belong there", "02oLqflwou0-00147-00040433-00040579": "It’s disgusting", "02oLqflwou0-00148-00040579-00040820": "that’s what they do to us", "02oLqflwou0-00149-00040820-00040925": "motherf**s", "02oLqflwou0-00150-00040925-00041075": "how can they do that to us?", "02oLqflwou0-00151-00041133-00041300": "OAN: At what time do you finish work?", "02oLqflwou0-00152-00041300-00041445": "ESKUL: Around 4pm...", "02oLqflwou0-00153-00041445-00041566": "or three thirty", "02oLqflwou0-00154-00041566-00041729": "LEO: There’s the first round", "02oLqflwou0-00155-00041729-00041883": "at what time does it finish?", "02oLqflwou0-00156-00041920-00042158": "ESKUL: The first round finishes around three in the afternoon", "02oLqflwou0-00157-00042158-00042279": "or three thirty", "02oLqflwou0-00158-00042366-00042595": "By four we’re already resting", "02oLqflwou0-00159-00042595-00042737": "each one in his house", "02oLqflwou0-00160-00042737-00042920": "LEO: To eat or something...", "02oLqflwou0-00161-00042920-00043162": "and we start again at 6pm", "02oLqflwou0-00162-00043162-00043350": "ESKUL: We used to live together", "02oLqflwou0-00163-00043350-00043504": "but we got evicted", "02oLqflwou0-00164-00043579-00043862": "now we live with our girls", "02oLqflwou0-00165-00043862-00044062": "LEO: He lives with his girl, and I with mine", "02oLqflwou0-00166-00044062-00044333": "ESKUL: My house is really pretty", "02oLqflwou0-00167-00044333-00044587": "you can film there, it's really nice", "02oLqflwou0-00168-00044637-00044875": "LEO: the \"I’m Happy When I Die\" video", "02oLqflwou0-00169-00044875-00044975": "was shot in our place", "02oLqflwou0-00170-00044975-00045091": "ESKUL: I'm not a squatter", "02oLqflwou0-00171-00045091-00045275": "LEO: You know what the Chilean guy", "02oLqflwou0-00172-00045275-00045429": "that lived above us told me?", "02oLqflwou0-00173-00045458-00045887": "That they’ve destroyed the Guernika!", "02oLqflwou0-00174-00045887-00046125": "you can see it from outside", "02oLqflwou0-00175-00046125-00046516": "my room, with the skulls and the altar...", "02oLqflwou0-00176-00046558-00046841": "I’m gonna go check it out now", "02oLqflwou0-00177-00046841-00046983": "OAN: Where is it?", "02oLqflwou0-00178-00046983-00047175": "LEO: Next to the Moog!", "02oLqflwou0-00179-00047175-00047400": "ESKUL: But are you serious?", "02oLqflwou0-00180-00047400-00047591": "LEO: Yes! Really!", "02oLqflwou0-00181-00047591-00047804": "It’s all destroyed!", "02oLqflwou0-00182-00047804-00047962": "GUERNIKA DOESN'T EXIST!!", "02oLqflwou0-00183-00047962-00048154": "The walls are hanging...", "02oLqflwou0-00184-00048158-00048358": "and you can see my room's wall", "02oLqflwou0-00185-00048358-00048570": "with the skulls like this:", "02oLqflwou0-00186-00048570-00048662": "ESKUL: For real?", "02oLqflwou0-00187-00048662-00048791": "LEO: yes!", "02oLqflwou0-00188-00048791-00048866": "ESKUL: fuck", "02oLqflwou0-00189-00048866-00049087": "It was our home for 6 years...", "02oLqflwou0-00190-00049087-00049279": "LEO: and there’s a new public bathroom in front", "02oLqflwou0-00191-00049279-00049470": "ESKUL: That was our f*cking home for 6 years!", "02oLqflwou0-00192-00049470-00049733": "OAN: So we can go next time we meet", "02oLqflwou0-00193-00049733-00049954": "what do you think about it?", "02oLqflwou0-00194-00049954-00050154": "ESKUL: Why don’t we go now?", "02oLqflwou0-00195-00050154-00050458": "LEO: YES! Let’s go now!", "02oLqflwou0-00196-00050600-00050879": "if you want to come with me, I'm going", "02oLqflwou0-00197-00052008-00052320": "*MY CANARY DIED", "02oLqflwou0-00198-00052320-00052883": "THE FIVE GRAMS, HE ATE THEM ALL*", "02oLqflwou0-00199-00052883-00053008": "ESKUL: my sweet banana", "02oLqflwou0-00200-00053008-00053387": "*HE WAS YELLOW AND GREEN IT TURNED", "02oLqflwou0-00201-00053387-00053795": "FROM POISONING HE DIED*", "02oLqflwou0-00202-00053795-00054058": "OAN: Leo! Tell us the story", "02oLqflwou0-00203-00054058-00054245": "LEO: like this, with the beer--", "02oLqflwou0-00204-00054245-00054454": "ESKUL: Nicolás, Nicolás you're loosing...", "02oLqflwou0-00205-00054454-00054658": "LEO: Once I was like this:", "02oLqflwou0-00206-00054658-00054812": "gobble gobble", "02oLqflwou0-00207-00054812-00054966": "when police comes", "02oLqflwou0-00208-00054966-00055208": "and they shout: \"friend!\"", "02oLqflwou0-00209-00055208-00055270": "\"hey\"", "02oLqflwou0-00210-00055270-00055533": "and roll the window down", "02oLqflwou0-00211-00055533-00055687": "and I, surprised", "02oLqflwou0-00212-00055687-00055858": "thinking they’re gonna scold me", "02oLqflwou0-00213-00055858-00056008": "they say:", "02oLqflwou0-00214-00056008-00056125": "\"Listen\"", "02oLqflwou0-00215-00056125-00056308": "and play \"I'm Happy When I Die\"", "02oLqflwou0-00216-00056308-00056595": "blasting on the patrol car", "02oLqflwou0-00217-00056595-00056779": "next thing, I walk", "02oLqflwou0-00218-00056779-00056950": "first corner, I turn", "02oLqflwou0-00219-00056950-00057200": "and start crying of happiness", "02oLqflwou0-00220-00057200-00057375": "cause that’s not normal", "02oLqflwou0-00221-00057375-00057495": "it's rock", "02oLqflwou0-00222-00057912-00058083": "LEO: It’s a mannequin...", "02oLqflwou0-00223-00058083-00058258": "(laughs)", "02oLqflwou0-00224-00058687-00059079": "LEO: this used to be a bike shop", "02oLqflwou0-00225-00059195-00059508": "they kept and fixed bikes", "02oLqflwou0-00226-00059508-00059737": "see that drawing there?", "02oLqflwou0-00227-00059737-00059883": "Thirty years ago", "02oLqflwou0-00228-00059883-00060108": "when Dalí and Picasso were here", "02oLqflwou0-00229-00060154-00060358": "They would have coffee here", "02oLqflwou0-00230-00060358-00060704": "and that was an unfinished sketch they did", "02oLqflwou0-00231-00060800-00061075": "that’s a Picasso", "02oLqflwou0-00232-00061250-00061379": "yeah, look at it", "02oLqflwou0-00233-00061379-00061508": "ESKUL: go, go", "02oLqflwou0-00234-00061612-00061741": "OAN: Okay-- byee", "02oLqflwou0-00235-00062112-00062316": "LEO: Will you get home fine?", "02oLqflwou0-00236-00062316-00062466": "not gonna loose anything?", "02oLqflwou0-00237-00062466-00062641": "ESKUL: No, look at me", "02oLqflwou0-00238-00062641-00062720": "OAN: sure?", "02oLqflwou0-00239-00062720-00062895": "LEO: of course, he's not gonna loose anything", "02oLqflwou0-00240-00062895-00063033": "ESKUL: come on guys, leave", "02oLqflwou0-00241-00063033-00063154": "See you tomorrow", "02oLqflwou0-00242-00063154-00063366": "LEO: ok, we'll talk tomorrow", "02oLqflwou0-00243-00063425-00063637": "LEO: I dind't work as a musician", "02oLqflwou0-00244-00063637-00063762": "OAN: Tell us about that", "02oLqflwou0-00245-00063762-00063920": "LEO: I used to work on the street", "02oLqflwou0-00246-00063920-00064020": "painting", "02oLqflwou0-00247-00064020-00064108": "OAN: Really?", "02oLqflwou0-00248-00064108-00064312": "LEO: I would set a rug here", "02oLqflwou0-00249-00064404-00064695": "all my paintings on the floor", "02oLqflwou0-00250-00064695-00064916": "illustrations this size", "02oLqflwou0-00251-00064916-00065162": "and here, big ones fixed in the wall", "02oLqflwou0-00252-00065270-00065433": "and I stood like that", "02oLqflwou0-00253-00065433-00065616": "while people watched my works", "02oLqflwou0-00254-00065616-00065812": "and I was drawing", "02oLqflwou0-00255-00065812-00066008": "OAN: and what did you draw?", "02oLqflwou0-00256-00066008-00066204": "LEO: well, you'll see", "02oLqflwou0-00257-00066491-00066666": "And they would buy them sometimes", "02oLqflwou0-00258-00066666-00066912": "or put a coin in the pot", "02oLqflwou0-00259-00066991-00067145": "OAN: And when did you move to...", "02oLqflwou0-00260-00067145-00067337": "LEO: But I always played music and rock", "02oLqflwou0-00261-00067337-00067495": "when I played for Cannibal Hammer", "02oLqflwou0-00262-00067495-00067650": "that's when I was...", "02oLqflwou0-00263-00067716-00067920": "I wouldn’t work as a musician", "02oLqflwou0-00264-00067920-00068141": "but I would make music", "02oLqflwou0-00265-00068141-00068350": "I did when we had gigs though", "02oLqflwou0-00266-00068408-00068550": "It was with Carne de Satan", "02oLqflwou0-00267-00068550-00068758": "when I started to live from music", "02oLqflwou0-00268-00068845-00068979": "Eskul was the one that told me", "02oLqflwou0-00269-00068979-00069095": "\"C’mon, let’s do it\"", "02oLqflwou0-00270-00069225-00069441": "That’s how Carne de Satan was created", "02oLqflwou0-00271-00069520-00069683": "But police was the same", "02oLqflwou0-00272-00069683-00069904": "if you make art on the street...", "02oLqflwou0-00273-00069958-00070287": "luckily they never took a painting from me", "02oLqflwou0-00274-00070329-00070425": "cause they’d say", "02oLqflwou0-00275-00070425-00070662": "\"pack everything, or we’re keeping it\"", "02oLqflwou0-00276-00070716-00070879": "and I packed", "02oLqflwou0-00277-00070925-00071087": "Sometimes Barcelona seems a lie", "02oLqflwou0-00278-00071087-00071262": "they take the tourists for a ride", "02oLqflwou0-00279-00071262-00071400": "and lie about Barcelona", "02oLqflwou0-00280-00071400-00071575": "telling them everything's about art here", "02oLqflwou0-00281-00071575-00071820": "and then, to people that make actual art on the street", "02oLqflwou0-00282-00071820-00072000": "they punish them", "02oLqflwou0-00283-00072108-00072312": "...and f** them", "02oLqflwou0-00284-00072312-00072516": "what's this lie?", "02oLqflwou0-00285-00072637-00072766": "It’s a lie", "02oLqflwou0-00286-00072825-00073016": "As if you tell me we’re going to the dentist", "02oLqflwou0-00287-00073016-00073262": "and when we get there it's the gynaecologist", "02oLqflwou0-00288-00073262-00073466": "Was I going to the dentist or gynaecologist?", "02oLqflwou0-00289-00073558-00073716": "it’s a lie", "02oLqflwou0-00290-00073833-00074008": "politics, demagogy…", "02oLqflwou0-00291-00074066-00074191": "and ROCK!", "02oLqflwou0-00292-00074458-00074545": "shit", "02oLqflwou0-00293-00074662-00074750": "SHIT!", "02oLqflwou0-00294-00074841-00074887": "OAN: What?", "02oLqflwou0-00295-00074887-00074975": "it’s not there?", "02oLqflwou0-00296-00075012-00075133": "LEO: No-- The building's not there!", "02oLqflwou0-00297-00075133-00075220": "shit!", "02oLqflwou0-00298-00075520-00075670": "Look there’s a skull there!", "02oLqflwou0-00299-00075670-00075829": "I made that!", "02oLqflwou0-00300-00076062-00076220": "OAN: That was your room?", "02oLqflwou0-00301-00076220-00076387": "LEO: One of the...", "02oLqflwou0-00302-00076412-00076508": "oh f**!", "02oLqflwou0-00303-00076508-00076633": "Let's take a look from there", "02oLqflwou0-00304-00076745-00076875": "Look how it was", "02oLqflwou0-00305-00076875-00077033": "it doesn’t exist!", "02oLqflwou0-00306-00077033-00077116": "my room was...", "02oLqflwou0-00307-00077116-00077225": "yes!", "02oLqflwou0-00308-00077245-00077400": "OAN: yeah, that one, right?", "02oLqflwou0-00309-00077433-00077508": "LEO: oh, shit!", "02oLqflwou0-00310-00078108-00078270": "whaaaaat?", "02oLqflwou0-00311-00078837-00079000": "damn...", "02oLqflwou0-00312-00079287-00079400": "OAN: and...", "02oLqflwou0-00313-00079400-00079887": "what you’re gonna see here is these guys' life", "02oLqflwou0-00314-00079887-00080158": "How they wanted it", "02oLqflwou0-00315-00080237-00080475": "They weren’t forced to live like this", "02oLqflwou0-00316-00080475-00080650": "they chose it", "02oLqflwou0-00317-00080650-00080737": "they do what they want", "02oLqflwou0-00318-00080737-00080812": "do their art", "02oLqflwou0-00319-00080812-00080929": "what they wish", "02oLqflwou0-00320-00080929-00081070": "and I really think it’s something", "02oLqflwou0-00321-00081070-00081312": "that all of us who like to play \"artists\"", "02oLqflwou0-00322-00081312-00081500": "and wanna live of this", "02oLqflwou0-00323-00081500-00081670": "and do something with this", "02oLqflwou0-00324-00081670-00081800": "and make money out of it...", "02oLqflwou0-00325-00081858-00082016": "we’ve got lots to learn", "02oLqflwou0-00326-00083320-00083495": "LEO: It’s hard to see, right?", "02oLqflwou0-00327-00083562-00083675": "GUIM: I can see something", "02oLqflwou0-00328-00084012-00084145": "OAN: Here was the Guernika?", "02oLqflwou0-00329-00084145-00084445": "LEO: yes, Picasso’s Guernica painted on graffiti", "02oLqflwou0-00330-00085787-00085920": "Look at it--", "02oLqflwou0-00331-00085920-00086154": "this was a graffitti of Picasso's \"Guernica\"", "02oLqflwou0-00332-00086154-00086387": "look, you can even see the door there", "02oLqflwou0-00333-00086387-00086620": "most of the paint has come off", "02oLqflwou0-00334-00086983-00087333": "*I'VE GOT NO ID CARD", "02oLqflwou0-00335-00087520-00087908": "NO PASSPORT", "02oLqflwou0-00336-00088045-00088433": "DIRTY COPS ARE GONNA STOP YOU", "02oLqflwou0-00337-00088587-00088975": "THE POLICE IS GONNA DEPORT YOU*", "02oLqflwou0-00338-00090595-00090895": "So, we're not gonna work together anymore...", "02oLqflwou0-00339-00090920-00091079": "...in the street, as usual", "02oLqflwou0-00340-00091079-00091320": "With box drum and guitar", "02oLqflwou0-00341-00091341-00091587": "Unless they pay us, right?", "02oLqflwou0-00342-00091595-00091895": "'Cause they miss us, and want us to play here, right?", "02oLqflwou0-00343-00091950-00092250": "It's been too many years...", "02oLqflwou0-00344-00092270-00092579": "...and it's time to play in other conditions", "02oLqflwou0-00345-00092629-00093020": "But for that we need to do things different,", "02oLqflwou0-00346-00093033-00093333": "If we do the same, and people always have us here,", "02oLqflwou0-00347-00093408-00093712": "we're never gonna do what we want", "02oLqflwou0-00348-00093712-00094012": "we're never gonna play where we wanna play,", "02oLqflwou0-00349-00094070-00094370": "and, so, we wanna....", "02oLqflwou0-00350-00094420-00094670": "do things different to have other results.", "02oLqflwou0-00351-00094745-00095045": "Sure-- It's daily discipline to be happy", "02oLqflwou0-00352-00095079-00095379": "I'm not happy with anything else", "02oLqflwou0-00353-00095395-00095645": "You know... I'm 38...", "02oLqflwou0-00354-00095645-00095858": "at this age, I gotta take care of myself", "02oLqflwou0-00355-00095904-00096179": "If I don't enjoy every day...", "02oLqflwou0-00356-00096179-00096308": "what a shitty life.", "02oLqflwou0-00357-00099433-00099533": "ROCK!", "02oLqflwou0-00358-00100625-00100675": "ROCK!", "02oLqflwou0-00359-00100700-00100750": "ROCK!", "02oLqflwou0-00360-00100770-00100870": "It's... ROCK", "02oLqflwou0-00361-00100883-00100920": "ROCK!", "02oLqflwou0-00362-00100920-00100970": "ROCK!", "02oLqflwou0-00363-00101025-00101270": "The next song is \"The Animal\"", "02oLqflwou0-00364-00101270-00101404": "ROCK!", "02oLqflwou0-00365-00101529-00101616": "After the second one.", "02oLqflwou0-00366-00103962-00104037": "[ coin clinks ]", "02oLqflwou0-00367-00104320-00104491": "ROCK! Thank You!", "02oLqflwou0-00368-00104491-00104762": "Telepathic applause, pubical people!", "02oLqflwou0-00369-00104995-00105045": "Rock!", "02oLqflwou0-00370-00105087-00105195": "OAN: That's it?", "02oLqflwou0-00371-00105225-00105333": "ESKUL: In here, yeah.", "02oLqflwou0-00372-00105333-00105575": "OAN: Yes?! Two songs and that's it?", "02oLqflwou0-00373-00105616-00105887": "ESKUL: Now we're going somewhere else, and doing two more", "02oLqflwou0-00374-00105887-00106066": "'Cause it's not a gig, it's work.", "02oLqflwou0-00375-00106083-00106179": "ESKUL: Excelent", "02oLqflwou0-00376-00106266-00106383": "PAPITU!", "02oLqflwou0-00377-00106383-00106508": "PAPITU: That's it?", "02oLqflwou0-00378-00106508-00106604": "ESKUL: Yes!", "02oLqflwou0-00379-00106633-00106720": "Papitu!", "02oLqflwou0-00380-00106812-00106912": "We're done for today", "02oLqflwou0-00381-00106933-00107004": "PAPITU: All good?", "02oLqflwou0-00382-00107004-00107091": "ESKUL: We'll be back later", "02oLqflwou0-00383-00107091-00107187": "PAPITU: Good. I'm glad", "02oLqflwou0-00384-00107312-00107475": "ESKUL: Papitu is like family.", "02oLqflwou0-00385-00107475-00107558": "Satanic family!", "02oLqflwou0-00386-00107558-00107658": "PAPITU: We're always here.", "02oLqflwou0-00387-00107775-00107908": "ESKUL: So beautiful.", "02oLqflwou0-00388-00107954-00108170": "\"Carne de Satan\" is a big family", "02oLqflwou0-00389-00108316-00108404": "Hey brother!", "02oLqflwou0-00390-00108466-00108600": "...her last day before marriage!", "02oLqflwou0-00391-00108741-00108875": "She's living it!", "02oLqflwou0-00392-00108983-00109266": "...and then they played \"I'm Happy When I Die\"", "02oLqflwou0-00393-00109341-00109654": "On full volume on the police car!", "02oLqflwou0-00394-00109662-00109850": "Wanna brush my hair?", "02oLqflwou0-00395-00109891-00110025": "It's interesting, but--", "02oLqflwou0-00396-00110129-00110308": "No, no-- I want it to have volume!", "02oLqflwou0-00397-00110466-00110725": "Life is not only working, and music...", "02oLqflwou0-00398-00110804-00111062": "I have a pretty house, I like cleaning it", "02oLqflwou0-00399-00111083-00111400": "I have some beautiful plants growing", "02oLqflwou0-00400-00111400-00111658": "I gotta water them, take care of the place", "02oLqflwou0-00401-00111695-00111908": "Yeah... On top of that, I like cooking every day", "02oLqflwou0-00402-00111908-00112083": "Eat good and healthy", "02oLqflwou0-00403-00112120-00112366": "LEO: Agur Shalom! Rock!", "02oLqflwou0-00404-00112404-00112583": "\"Carne de Satan\"!", "02oLqflwou0-00405-00112825-00113033": "Hey there Ms... Did you like the rock?", "02oLqflwou0-00406-00113162-00113329": "I saw you almost dancing", "02oLqflwou0-00407-00113341-00113483": "MS: Yeah? My Goodness...", "02oLqflwou0-00408-00113508-00113650": "Not a lot of change", "02oLqflwou0-00409-00113687-00113812": "LEO: No scary...", "02oLqflwou0-00410-00114045-00114187": "How are you? Good?", "02oLqflwou0-00411-00114187-00114329": "MS: Yeah I'm fine", "02oLqflwou0-00412-00114587-00114900": "There's gotta be health, 'cause if not there's nothing", "02oLqflwou0-00413-00115141-00115458": "Here where you see me, I'm 44 years old.", "02oLqflwou0-00414-00115545-00115804": "ESKUL: Thank you Mis for you attention and affection...", "02oLqflwou0-00415-00115804-00116012": "Don't you stop rocking", "02oLqflwou0-00416-00116095-00116258": "Next time you see us tell us...", "02oLqflwou0-00417-00116258-00116516": "MS: Yes, yes -- I like the music, darling", "02oLqflwou0-00418-00116525-00116645": "ESKUL: Okay hunny, take care", "02oLqflwou0-00419-00116645-00116729": "MS: Have a nice day", "02oLqflwou0-00420-00116729-00116850": "ESKUL: You too, enjoy", "02oLqflwou0-00421-00116904-00117004": "MS: Good ridance", "02oLqflwou0-00422-00117033-00117112": "ESKUL: Thank you!", "02oLqflwou0-00423-00117133-00117212": "LEO: Bicho! Come!", "02oLqflwou0-00424-00117291-00117420": "MS: Take the beer...", "02oLqflwou0-00425-00117433-00117512": "LEO: Yes, yes, I'm coming!", "02oLqflwou0-00426-00118420-00118533": "LEO: Ouch, Bicho!", "02oLqflwou0-00427-00118700-00118779": "[ coin clinks ]", "02oLqflwou0-00428-00118937-00119062": "ESKUL: I'm going for a beer", "02oLqflwou0-00429-00120233-00120408": "LEO: Oh! Our ex-drums!", "02oLqflwou0-00430-00120420-00120487": "OAN: Really?!", "02oLqflwou0-00431-00120491-00120666": "LEO: He played the drums for us", "02oLqflwou0-00432-00120683-00120750": "OAN: No way", "02oLqflwou0-00433-00120908-00121050": "LEO: Look at how he ended", "02oLqflwou0-00434-00121062-00121216": "ESKUL: We kicked him out of the band", "02oLqflwou0-00435-00121400-00121491": "LEO: Rock! We are...", "02oLqflwou0-00436-00121516-00121704": "\"You like banana for the potassium\"", "02oLqflwou0-00437-00121879-00121979": "ESKUL: \"Carne de Satan\"", "02oLqflwou0-00438-00121979-00122079": "LEO: That, \"Carne de Satan\"", "02oLqflwou0-00439-00122166-00122400": "He deviated -- It's an illness", "02oLqflwou0-00440-00122412-00122670": "He got bit by a Dance Music Mosquito", "02oLqflwou0-00441-00122754-00123041": "You know?? Bitten by a mosquito...", "02oLqflwou0-00442-00123112-00123258": "That happens", "02oLqflwou0-00443-00123287-00123545": "It's called Manu Chao syndrome", "02oLqflwou0-00444-00123745-00123925": "ESKUL: Satanic people!!", "02oLqflwou0-00445-00124345-00124525": "LEO: You gotta know how to fall", "02oLqflwou0-00446-00124558-00124900": "I've fallen from bikes... And things... Many times...", "02oLqflwou0-00447-00124966-00125083": "You gotta know how to fall", "02oLqflwou0-00448-00125100-00125329": "ESKUL: Leo... Was doing other things before", "02oLqflwou0-00449-00125358-00125687": "And I took him to the streets to do what we do", "02oLqflwou0-00450-00125916-00126245": "And that's the thing. \"Carne de Satan\"...", "02oLqflwou0-00451-00126275-00126662": "is something that comes from Leo and me.", "02oLqflwou0-00452-00126745-00127183": "Other guys may contribute, collaborating with us...", "02oLqflwou0-00453-00127291-00127533": "but that's what they are. \"Collaborators\".", "02oLqflwou0-00454-00127958-00128104": "Look guys!", "02oLqflwou0-00455-00128812-00129083": "ESKUL: At 16, 17, 18, 19 years old...", "02oLqflwou0-00456-00129104-00129500": "I was already travelling all around Peru", "02oLqflwou0-00457-00129608-00129770": "My neighbour", "02oLqflwou0-00458-00129825-00130179": "We're always talking", "02oLqflwou0-00459-00130216-00130570": "'Cause you gotta connect with people around you", "02oLqflwou0-00460-00130612-00130966": "I never leave my neighbours", "02oLqflwou0-00461-00131037-00131337": "I don't live here anymore, I live in Gracia", "02oLqflwou0-00462-00131362-00131662": "But they're my neighbours, since I work here...", "02oLqflwou0-00463-00131733-00132033": "I give them affection. My people.", "02oLqflwou0-00464-00132125-00132529": "With some band maybe some inssults but not much else.", "02oLqflwou0-00465-00132637-00132812": "Unless you go looking for a fight.", "02oLqflwou0-00466-00132825-00133162": "But musicians don't want that. No one wants to fight.", "02oLqflwou0-00467-00133200-00133429": "What if a guitarrist breaks a finger?", "02oLqflwou0-00468-00133429-00133545": "What if a guitarrist breaks a finger?", "02oLqflwou0-00469-00133587-00134050": "No real musician is gonna want to fight.", "02oLqflwou0-00470-00134095-00134550": "An artist's hands are his method of expression", "02oLqflwou0-00471-00134833-00135275": "OAN: When someone comes to bother you, you're always calm.", "02oLqflwou0-00472-00135329-00135604": "I always see you chill, minding your own.", "02oLqflwou0-00473-00135645-00135800": "ESKUL: I do get bothered", "02oLqflwou0-00474-00135820-00135950": "LEO: The banana...", "02oLqflwou0-00475-00135958-00136308": "Banana is good for the potassium after the lunch", "02oLqflwou0-00476-00136337-00136491": "ESKUL: I am violent.", "02oLqflwou0-00477-00136529-00136708": "I fight, I fight", "02oLqflwou0-00478-00136708-00136879": "Leo sometimes more than me", "02oLqflwou0-00479-00136933-00137191": "But I like fighting, yeah", "02oLqflwou0-00480-00137262-00137520": "--Or I just tell him \"Go ask your girlfriend...", "02oLqflwou0-00481-00137520-00137779": "or talk to your mom 'cause she adores me.", "02oLqflwou0-00482-00137816-00138029": "And things like that. -- I don't know...", "02oLqflwou0-00483-00138029-00138225": "It's symbolic. I'm a Rocker!!", "02oLqflwou0-00484-00138270-00138529": "I gotta say some imposing stuff.", "02oLqflwou0-00485-00138662-00138766": "LEO: Heeey ROCK!", "02oLqflwou0-00486-00138787-00138891": "For the potassium!", "02oLqflwou0-00487-00138937-00139204": "[KIDS SINGING] \"Potaasssium, potassiuuum\"", "02oLqflwou0-00488-00139225-00139458": "LEO: Really, this for me is... bff", "02oLqflwou0-00489-00139495-00139650": "It fascinates me", "02oLqflwou0-00490-00139950-00140054": "No, really", "02oLqflwou0-00491-00140204-00140404": "ESKUL: Hey neighbour!! You look beautiful!", "02oLqflwou0-00492-00140504-00140729": "LEO: How are you neighbour, you good?", "02oLqflwou0-00493-00140854-00140958": "Ok.", "02oLqflwou0-00494-00140991-00141162": "Now she's behaving...", "02oLqflwou0-00495-00141304-00141504": "This one thinks she's the queen or something", "02oLqflwou0-00496-00141529-00141737": "Look, she's well dressed...", "02oLqflwou0-00497-00141808-00141979": "She's even wearing perfume.", "02oLqflwou0-00498-00142587-00142758": "Beautiful.", "02oLqflwou0-00499-00143679-00143900": "\"Carne de Satan\", The Meat Of Satan", "02oLqflwou0-00500-00143983-00144183": "Thank you for the potassium", "02oLqflwou0-00501-00144225-00144416": "Some contribution here, please", "02oLqflwou0-00502-00144416-00144491": "[ coin clinks ]", "02oLqflwou0-00503-00144508-00144708": "ESKUL: Leo go fast, c'mon!", "02oLqflwou0-00504-00144975-00145445": "ESKUL: People don't get involved with us, but they give us affection", "02oLqflwou0-00505-00145520-00145962": "In other places... I don't know... They get scared.", "02oLqflwou0-00506-00146058-00146387": "People don't sit next to me in the train", "02oLqflwou0-00507-00146529-00146637": "Really.", "02oLqflwou0-00508-00147233-00147595": "ESKUL: Leo, you're losing the money. You're leaving a trail.", "02oLqflwou0-00509-00148175-00148400": "A NEIGHBOUR: People look bad at them...", "02oLqflwou0-00510-00148429-00148658": "People here are used to...", "02oLqflwou0-00511-00148708-00148925": "Well, Leo is crazy in the head", "02oLqflwou0-00512-00148945-00149191": "But then he's super intelligent when you speak to him", "02oLqflwou0-00513-00149329-00149545": "And very loving and charming, with me", "02oLqflwou0-00514-00149595-00149754": "They're both really good with me", "02oLqflwou0-00515-00149775-00149933": "I've grown to like them", "02oLqflwou0-00516-00150004-00150125": "And they sing well!", "02oLqflwou0-00517-00150162-00150254": "They do it well", "02oLqflwou0-00518-00150304-00150537": "Plus, they save their money. They buy their guitars...", "02oLqflwou0-00519-00150545-00150725": "Altho police then impounds them.", "02oLqflwou0-00520-00150766-00150858": "But well...", "02oLqflwou0-00521-00150883-00151058": "This one is a little bit more \"out\"", "02oLqflwou0-00522-00151070-00151283": "Some bars have complained about him", "02oLqflwou0-00523-00151337-00151495": "Once I found him sleeping there!", "02oLqflwou0-00524-00151508-00151566": "OAN: Where?", "02oLqflwou0-00525-00151575-00151633": "Standing!", "02oLqflwou0-00526-00151650-00151733": "I was like \"LEO!\"", "02oLqflwou0-00527-00151745-00151850": "\"Leo, what are you doing?\"", "02oLqflwou0-00528-00151854-00151920": "He said \"Nothing\"", "02oLqflwou0-00529-00151920-00152029": "I'm like \"Man, you're sleeping\"", "02oLqflwou0-00530-00152029-00152150": "And he says \"Oh, okay\"", "02oLqflwou0-00531-00152166-00152295": "I know what that is.", "02oLqflwou0-00532-00152308-00152437": "They're so nice!", "02oLqflwou0-00533-00152454-00152541": "I want him to hear it", "02oLqflwou0-00534-00152583-00152637": "Nice to meet you", "02oLqflwou0-00535-00152887-00153016": "ESKUL: Thanks, darling", "02oLqflwou0-00536-00153041-00153170": "A NEIGHBOUR: They had a laugh with me", "02oLqflwou0-00537-00153233-00153350": "OAN: We didn't talk about Bicho!", "02oLqflwou0-00538-00153358-00153558": "A NEIGHBOUR: Bicho is the most beautiful thing there is", "02oLqflwou0-00539-00153583-00153779": "And he takes good care of him, 'cause if not...", "02oLqflwou0-00540-00153795-00153933": "LEO: Of coursee... xjaisuoxbplsjp...", "02oLqflwou0-00541-00153950-00154150": "A NEIGHBOUR: What have you put on your eyes, son?...", "02oLqflwou0-00542-00154216-00154329": "LEO: A little red around here...", "02oLqflwou0-00543-00154345-00154545": "A NEIGHBOUR: Yeah well I can see that! Hah", "02oLqflwou0-00544-00154558-00154670": "LEO: Looks like I got hit", "02oLqflwou0-00545-00154812-00154929": "A NEIGHBOUR: C'mon, go!", "02oLqflwou0-00546-00155616-00155816": "Hey! I wanna know...", "02oLqflwou0-00547-00155916-00156045": "Banana Split", "02oLqflwou0-00548-00156083-00156295": "...what you mean when you say \"Ay ay ay...\"", "02oLqflwou0-00549-00157012-00157166": "This is over, no?", "02oLqflwou0-00550-00158758-00159033": "Hey! So let's do that with Richard...", "02oLqflwou0-00551-00159037-00159237": "LEO: Yes, talk to Richard", "02oLqflwou0-00552-00159337-00159620": "Imma talk with him tomorrow", "02oLqflwou0-00553-00159804-00160062": "We aRe gonNa... HEy!", "02oLqflwou0-00554-00160083-00160191": "OAN: What are we gonna do?", "02oLqflwou0-00555-00160229-00160445": "A big big concert in...", "02oLqflwou0-00556-00160466-00160558": "\"La Astilla\"", "02oLqflwou0-00557-00160579-00160866": "This is in...", "02oLqflwou0-00558-00160875-00161004": "Hospitalet", "02oLqflwou0-00559-00161162-00161570": "It's a GIANT warehouse...", "02oLqflwou0-00560-00161675-00161995": "ESKUL: But... who is truthful, is truthful", "02oLqflwou0-00561-00162020-00162325": "As if it was his religion, or spirituality", "02oLqflwou0-00562-00162404-00162912": "Not like a catholic who confesses on Sunday and behaves like shit for the rest of the week", "02oLqflwou0-00563-00162933-00163270": "A true artist is always sensitive", "02oLqflwou0-00564-00163295-00163641": "Of course we have doubts about keep going as a band", "02oLqflwou0-00565-00163691-00164100": "Keep going as a musician... That's a no-brainer", "02oLqflwou0-00566-00164125-00164291": "I am a musician", "02oLqflwou0-00567-00164345-00164491": "I'm a rocker", "02oLqflwou0-00568-00164533-00164858": "I won't become a Dance musician tomorrow", "02oLqflwou0-00569-00165129-00165275": "I'd prefer to...", "02oLqflwou0-00570-00165350-00165545": "Go back to welding", "02oLqflwou0-00571-00165591-00165783": "Go back to formwork", "02oLqflwou0-00572-00165895-00166091": "Or plastic artist,", "02oLqflwou0-00573-00166091-00166237": "or juggler", "02oLqflwou0-00574-00166308-00166454": "But...", "02oLqflwou0-00575-00166541-00166808": "I wouldn't change my essence.", "02oLqflwou0-00576-00176475-00176775": "LEO: Carnivorous-- Carnivorous salad", "02oLqflwou0-00577-00176795-00177075": "(SINGS) *Carnivorous Saaalad*", "02oLqflwou0-00578-00177158-00177291": "No? It's the oposite!", "02oLqflwou0-00579-00177350-00177608": "Well, nevermind, whatever", "02oLqflwou0-00580-00177870-00178062": "LEO: \"Hippie Meat\", can we play it?", "02oLqflwou0-00581-00178112-00178304": "RICHARD: Bro, play whatever you want", "02oLqflwou0-00582-00178316-00178466": "The problem is the video.", "02oLqflwou0-00583-00178466-00178708": "You can't make a video of \"Hippie Meat\"", "02oLqflwou0-00584-00178741-00178966": "LEO: Maybe we can play it last--", "02oLqflwou0-00585-00178966-00179150": "RICHARD: I don't want anything to do with------", "02oLqflwou0-00586-00179158-00179541": "[ LEO ANNOYINGLY SPEAKING GIBBERISH ]", "02oLqflwou0-00587-00179541-00179745": "RICHARD: LET ME F***ING TALK!!", "02oLqflwou0-00588-00179854-00179970": "RICHARD: So annoying...", "02oLqflwou0-00589-00180079-00180533": "RICHARD: One day one comes crazy, and next day it's the other...", "02oLqflwou0-00590-00180533-00180775": "Get some balance guys", "02oLqflwou0-00591-00180887-00181341": "ESKUL: Guys, Richard is mad at Leo 'cause Leo is crazy", "02oLqflwou0-00592-00181354-00181729": "I needed you to tell him to stop, 'cause he's fucked in the head", "02oLqflwou0-00593-00181745-00181950": "The guy is screwing it all the time", "02oLqflwou0-00594-00181962-00182195": "I don't wanna listen to him, and neither does Richard", "02oLqflwou0-00595-00182212-00182570": "If you still need experience with Leo in this state,", "02oLqflwou0-00596-00182579-00182808": "you can keep him! All for you.", "02oLqflwou0-00597-00182954-00183079": "LEO: Hippie Meat!", "02oLqflwou0-00598-00183129-00183320": "We came here to play a song, no?", "02oLqflwou0-00599-00183345-00183537": "C'mon, I'm gonna play it", "02oLqflwou0-00600-00183675-00183775": "GET THIS!", "02oLqflwou0-00601-00183816-00183991": "YOU! Get this!", "02oLqflwou0-00602-00184100-00184387": "Well-- Imma play it here in the street", "02oLqflwou0-00603-00184429-00184554": "OAN: Come on...", "02oLqflwou0-00604-00184683-00184808": "LEO: Yea, yeaah", "02oLqflwou0-00605-00185050-00185466": "You know when I didn't play here last time is 'cause I went to prison!", "02oLqflwou0-00606-00185475-00185741": "That's why he played alone! 'Cause I was in jail...", "02oLqflwou0-00607-00185741-00185891": "RICHARD: I have responsabilities", "02oLqflwou0-00608-00185904-00186179": "LEO: Yeah, responsabilities! And I don't??", "02oLqflwou0-00609-00186225-00186525": "Everyone has responsabilities! Even him has them!!", "02oLqflwou0-00610-00186545-00186720": "Him! Him! Her!", "02oLqflwou0-00611-00186758-00186933": "\"Leo you can play...", "02oLqflwou0-00612-00186941-00187141": "but don't wear militar boots\"", "02oLqflwou0-00613-00187212-00187383": "OH YEAH! IT HAS TO BE FILMED!!", "02oLqflwou0-00614-00187395-00187512": "\"LA ASTILLA\":", "02oLqflwou0-00615-00187516-00187816": "Leonardo Ortega Micalizzi", "02oLqflwou0-00616-00187825-00188012": "\"Carne de Satan\"", "02oLqflwou0-00617-00188020-00188229": "Banana for the potassium", "02oLqflwou0-00618-00188237-00188425": "\"You like banana for the potassium\"", "02oLqflwou0-00619-00188429-00188637": "can't play in La Astisia--", "02oLqflwou0-00620-00188654-00188804": "*correction* in La Astilla", "02oLqflwou0-00621-00188825-00188912": "because", "02oLqflwou0-00622-00188925-00189200": "I can't play \"Hippie Meat\"", "02oLqflwou0-00623-00189329-00189616": "[SINGING] \"You like banana for the potassium\"", "02oLqflwou0-00624-00189625-00189791": "\"Potaaassium\"", "02oLqflwou0-00625-00193350-00193529": "Here I am. Doing my make up--", "02oLqflwou0-00626-00193529-00193645": "Yea-- That!", "02oLqflwou0-00627-00193654-00193833": "Here we are", "02oLqflwou0-00628-00193870-00194050": "Doing my makeup...", "02oLqflwou0-00629-00194362-00194541": "You catched me, huh?", "02oLqflwou0-00630-00194670-00194804": "That's it", "02oLqflwou0-00631-00194912-00195062": "Eskul is coming", "02oLqflwou0-00632-00195154-00195408": "He's with his sister, doing some stuff", "02oLqflwou0-00633-00195529-00195708": "I don't like it", "02oLqflwou0-00634-00195833-00195987": "Rock! How you doin?", "02oLqflwou0-00635-00195991-00196183": "Is Richard coming here?", "02oLqflwou0-00636-00196187-00196433": "OAN: Yeah, Richard is coming", "02oLqflwou0-00637-00196445-00196729": "How did you contact him? Facebook?", "02oLqflwou0-00638-00196729-00196879": "OAN: Yeah, Facebook", "02oLqflwou0-00639-00196879-00197383": "It's funny. I know him from 20 years ago, in Venezuela.", "02oLqflwou0-00640-00197408-00197704": "OAN: Eskul doesn't have a phone", "02oLqflwou0-00641-00197837-00198087": "Maybe the sister. Let me check", "02oLqflwou0-00642-00198266-00198545": "Why do people have a phone if they don't answer it?", "02oLqflwou0-00643-00198579-00198758": "Hello-- You hear me?", "02oLqflwou0-00644-00198791-00199012": "I am the Potassium, who are you?", "02oLqflwou0-00645-00199041-00199233": "Claudio! For f**ks sake!", "02oLqflwou0-00646-00199250-00199425": "IMBECILE!!", "02oLqflwou0-00647-00199625-00199783": "Look! Bicho is kissing me!", "02oLqflwou0-00648-00199783-00199887": "OAN: What's he saying?", "02oLqflwou0-00649-00199941-00200054": "No, it wasn't Eskul--", "02oLqflwou0-00650-00200054-00200241": "Unpurposefully on purpose I called a friend...", "02oLqflwou0-00651-00200241-00200595": "that fell from a fourth floor rescuing a kitten", "02oLqflwou0-00652-00200600-00200704": "OAN: No way...", "02oLqflwou0-00653-00200854-00201075": "Oh! It has to be this one", "02oLqflwou0-00654-00201091-00201395": "But I don't know the numbers...", "02oLqflwou0-00655-00201408-00201650": "OAN: This is me Leo. You're calling me.", "02oLqflwou0-00656-00201766-00202008": "Oh, there he is! Darn...", "02oLqflwou0-00657-00202387-00202525": "ESKUL: We're here!", "02oLqflwou0-00658-00202570-00202916": "LEO: Okay. I'm gonna buy a beer", "02oLqflwou0-00659-00202941-00203079": "ESKUL: She's my little sister", "02oLqflwou0-00660-00203179-00203475": "ESKUL: I had such a long day", "02oLqflwou0-00661-00203491-00203829": "I found out yesterday about two friends of mine", "02oLqflwou0-00662-00203829-00204166": "who are becoming famous, 'cause they made a music video...", "02oLqflwou0-00663-00204166-00204504": "and they're doing the music from prison.", "02oLqflwou0-00664-00204562-00204854": "I have two friends in prison, in my city, Arequipa", "02oLqflwou0-00665-00204858-00205000": "for murder.", "02oLqflwou0-00666-00205054-00205412": "And now they've made a famous video...", "02oLqflwou0-00667-00205412-00205779": "for the Peruvian football team, which is playing in a major league", "02oLqflwou0-00668-00205800-00206158": "And they're becoming super popular, they made this...", "02oLqflwou0-00669-00206158-00206425": "\"viral\" video, no? Those that go all around", "02oLqflwou0-00670-00206475-00206791": "And I'm like \"Shit, I'm in the street, and in Europe", "02oLqflwou0-00671-00206791-00207162": "and for so long, and this guy's in prison, for the last 10 years,", "02oLqflwou0-00672-00207166-00207425": "and he's suddenly more famous than me!", "02oLqflwou0-00673-00207425-00207575": "Nice people in their hearts", "02oLqflwou0-00674-00207591-00207741": "Intelligent people... but--", "02oLqflwou0-00675-00207754-00207941": "Impulsive. Passional.", "02oLqflwou0-00676-00208016-00208237": "That at one point, intoxicated...", "02oLqflwou0-00677-00208237-00208541": "they fucked up with all their inner bullshit.", "02oLqflwou0-00678-00208658-00208887": "Lots of people end up like that. Being good people.", "02oLqflwou0-00679-00208962-00209104": "I've been in jail here.", "02oLqflwou0-00680-00209125-00209304": "I was two weeks in...", "02oLqflwou0-00681-00209337-00209483": "\"La Modelo\"", "02oLqflwou0-00682-00209620-00209995": "I's a normal jail, with normal people.", "02oLqflwou0-00683-00210116-00210395": "And I can tell you-- It's a school.", "02oLqflwou0-00684-00210470-00210612": "Just a school.", "02oLqflwou0-00685-00210645-00211083": "Not a place where you suffer -- It's a f*cking joke.", "02oLqflwou0-00686-00211133-00211570": "It didn't change my life or teach me anything, no.", "02oLqflwou0-00687-00211625-00211800": "One more shit that happens in life.", "02oLqflwou0-00688-00211800-00212220": "Thankfully it was over after two weeks", "02oLqflwou0-00689-00212404-00212670": "I'm not gonna turn my back on them.", "02oLqflwou0-00690-00212716-00213120": "I trully hope they pay for what they did, but I'm still their friend.", "02oLqflwou0-00691-00213120-00213287": "And I'll always be.", "02oLqflwou0-00692-00213350-00213441": "You know what I mean?", "02oLqflwou0-00693-00213512-00213604": "Bah, that's it.", "02oLqflwou0-00694-00213612-00213816": "Who? Oh, he's coming?", "02oLqflwou0-00695-00213945-00214283": "Richard is from Venezuela, our friend for years.", "02oLqflwou0-00696-00214300-00214775": "He knows Leo from the neighbourhood, back in Caracas.", "02oLqflwou0-00697-00214941-00215354": "So nothing to do with reality here, in Barcelona.", "02oLqflwou0-00698-00215379-00215737": "Now yes, 'cause we've all been here for 10 years...", "02oLqflwou0-00699-00216083-00216216": "Richard! Brother!", "02oLqflwou0-00700-00216237-00216591": "Hey, when is our event?", "02oLqflwou0-00701-00216783-00216929": "The concert, Richard.", "02oLqflwou0-00702-00216950-00217233": "At midday-- Even if it's early--", "02oLqflwou0-00703-00217266-00217425": "Let's make people come!", "02oLqflwou0-00704-00217425-00217679": "Let's do the promo one month in advance!", "02oLqflwou0-00705-00217691-00218137": "Even if it's at midday-- Let's fill the place!", "02oLqflwou0-00706-00218208-00218333": "Shit, that's new!", "02oLqflwou0-00707-00218366-00218712": "Who cares what hangs in here This is cool", "02oLqflwou0-00708-00218791-00218958": "Don't be ashamed!!", "02oLqflwou0-00709-00218958-00219208": "RICHARD: At least I EAT!", "02oLqflwou0-00710-00219262-00219512": "ESKUL: I have some too, look", "02oLqflwou0-00711-00219600-00219829": "We're on the same team", "02oLqflwou0-00712-00219891-00220158": "Him too, look! Fatty", "02oLqflwou0-00713-00220208-00220616": "LEO: Yeah well, instead of taking drugs we're eating", "02oLqflwou0-00714-00220679-00220966": "ESKUL: C'mon guys, it's time to go", "02oLqflwou0-00715-00220987-00221458": "LEO: I was in a fine arts college, and he was in the other", "02oLqflwou0-00716-00221475-00221812": "They were one next to the other", "02oLqflwou0-00717-00221904-00222429": "It's so crazy. Someone that you haven't seen in 14 years, suddenly pats you on the shoulder", "02oLqflwou0-00718-00222437-00222625": "OAN: You hadn't seen him in 14 years?!", "02oLqflwou0-00719-00222625-00222879": "Yeah, and I turned around and... WHAAT?!", "02oLqflwou0-00720-00222879-00223241": "You know that people you think you're never gonna see again...", "02oLqflwou0-00721-00223320-00223462": "ESKUL: Let's go guys!", "02oLqflwou0-00722-00223487-00223679": "RANDOM GUY: I know him for a legend", "02oLqflwou0-00723-00223679-00224004": "'cause the movement in Caracas started in Fine Arts", "02oLqflwou0-00724-00224004-00224166": "and that's where Leo comes from!", "02oLqflwou0-00725-00224545-00224929": "RANDOM GUY: With a totally revolutionary movement", "02oLqflwou0-00726-00224929-00225112": "that's even a little disgusting.", "02oLqflwou0-00727-00225133-00225370": "ESKUL: What do you mean when you say \"Ay ay ay ay\"", "02oLqflwou0-00728-00225383-00225445": "I'm joking", "02oLqflwou0-00729-00225504-00225820": "RANDOM GUY: One of the emblematic tracks is...", "02oLqflwou0-00730-00225820-00226037": "\"Banana... For the potassium\"", "02oLqflwou0-00731-00226116-00226420": "And it has an incredible double meaning...", "02oLqflwou0-00732-00226433-00226650": "and they rescue, in these times...", "02oLqflwou0-00733-00226666-00226812": "the Punk.", "02oLqflwou0-00734-00227387-00227687": "\"Carne de Satan\" stands for that.", "02oLqflwou0-00735-00230750-00231029": "(SINGS) *Carnivorous Saaalad*", "02oLqflwou0-00736-00231183-00231350": "\"Don't wear militar boots\"", "02oLqflwou0-00737-00231358-00231525": "Yeah! Film it!", "02oLqflwou0-00738-00231537-00231666": "You! Film me!", "02oLqflwou0-00739-00231683-00231850": "Him! Him! Her!", "02oLqflwou0-00740-00231887-00232041": "RICHARD: Are you recording?", "02oLqflwou0-00741-00232041-00232145": "LEO: Yes, everything!", "02oLqflwou0-00742-00232166-00232320": "RICHARD: No way, are you retarded?!", "02oLqflwou0-00743-00233912-00234254": "LEO: Well, we can go somewhere else...", "02oLqflwou0-00744-00234316-00234579": "OAN: Leo, what the hell happened?", "02oLqflwou0-00745-00234591-00234783": "LEO: I don't knoow...", "02oLqflwou0-00746-00234895-00235379": "What happened is that I got a little stoopid... Because of alcohol", "02oLqflwou0-00747-00235408-00235820": "But that's understandable, 'cause they got more stupid that me.", "02oLqflwou0-00748-00235858-00236375": "I was a liittle stoopid, but the truth stays true,", "02oLqflwou0-00749-00236462-00236708": "That's the world of the spectacle", "02oLqflwou0-00750-00236708-00237108": "As said by the Macintosh, the Picasso, and Dalí", "02oLqflwou0-00751-00237120-00237291": "You think that's decent?", "02oLqflwou0-00752-00237295-00237520": "OAN: Naah, you could play good in here!", "02oLqflwou0-00753-00237550-00237883": "LEO: Okay, but see? They think it's the Hard Rock Cafe.", "02oLqflwou0-00754-00237891-00238145": "This is a squatters house! Or isn't it?", "02oLqflwou0-00755-00238154-00238433": "Four speakers and a coffe bar!", "02oLqflwou0-00756-00238437-00238754": "C'mon! They're acting like princesses", "02oLqflwou0-00757-00238770-00239129": "We won't play here 'cause I've been censored!", "02oLqflwou0-00758-00239154-00239479": "I can't play \"Hippie Meat\"", "02oLqflwou0-00759-00239504-00239741": "Just 'cause they eat tofu, you see?", "02oLqflwou0-00760-00239766-00239816": "Let's see:", "02oLqflwou0-00761-00239829-00240066": "Hitler was a vegan", "02oLqflwou0-00762-00240083-00240300": "Hitler was a vegan", "02oLqflwou0-00763-00240300-00240554": "HITLER WAS A VEGAAN", "02oLqflwou0-00764-00240695-00240866": "Jews weren't", "02oLqflwou0-00765-00241025-00241116": "(Some yes)", "02oLqflwou0-00766-00241175-00241379": "And this guys won't let me play", "02oLqflwou0-00767-00241387-00241879": "'cause I wanna sing \"Hippie Meat\", Galician style", "02oLqflwou0-00768-00242016-00242220": "And cooked like in Pamplona", "02oLqflwou0-00769-00242341-00242450": "Agur!", "02oLqflwou0-00770-00242583-00242691": "AAGUR!", "02oLqflwou0-00771-00242800-00242891": "\"CARNE", "02oLqflwou0-00772-00242916-00243025": "DE SATAN\"", "02oLqflwou0-00773-00243183-00243354": "\"Carne de Satan\" is mine!", "02oLqflwou0-00774-00243383-00243600": "The songs are mine!", "02oLqflwou0-00775-00243662-00243833": "You know it?!", "02oLqflwou0-00776-00243962-00244133": "You should!", "02oLqflwou0-00777-00244154-00244437": "\"Carne de Satan\", the name is mine!", "02oLqflwou0-00778-00244450-00244620": "I created the band!", "02oLqflwou0-00779-00244654-00244825": "I'm gonna tell you some stories!", "02oLqflwou0-00780-00244845-00245016": "\"Hippie Meat\" is my song!", "02oLqflwou0-00781-00245070-00245216": "Hitler was a vegan", "02oLqflwou0-00782-00245254-00245425": "And \"Hippie Meat\" is my song...", "02oLqflwou0-00783-00245662-00245833": "Does that look okay to you?", "02oLqflwou0-00784-00246533-00246758": "[ SPEAKING FAKE GERMAN ]", "02oLqflwou0-00785-00246883-00247054": "See?? Thank you--", "02oLqflwou0-00786-00247333-00247616": "You see?? I tell no lies!", "02oLqflwou0-00787-00247700-00247950": "[ALL] C'mon Leo! Go!", "02oLqflwou0-00788-00248075-00248154": "Go!", "02oLqflwou0-00789-00248912-00249008": "I'm gonna play.", "02oLqflwou0-00790-00249008-00249175": "If someone wants to come it's cool,", "02oLqflwou0-00791-00249179-00249275": "if not, it's just me,", "02oLqflwou0-00792-00249287-00249383": "my balls,", "02oLqflwou0-00793-00249416-00249512": "my girls,", "02oLqflwou0-00794-00249550-00249645": "my composition,", "02oLqflwou0-00795-00249683-00249779": "my chords", "02oLqflwou0-00796-00249787-00249883": "out of tune", "02oLqflwou0-00797-00249895-00249991": "and my guitar.", "02oLqflwou0-00798-00250100-00250412": "Superman, what happened to you? I'm Batman", "02oLqflwou0-00799-00250520-00250666": "Careful with Kryptonite", "02oLqflwou0-00800-00250766-00250975": "You know Kryptonite?", "02oLqflwou0-00801-00251037-00251204": "Have you seen? What happened to him--", "02oLqflwou0-00802-00251266-00251620": "LEX LUTHOR! I promise I'll avenge you, man!!", "02oLqflwou0-00803-00251637-00251862": "That can't stay like this, damn", "02oLqflwou0-00804-00251950-00252216": "You've seen what they did to Superman??", "02oLqflwou0-00805-00252283-00252487": "You've seen how he ended??", "02oLqflwou0-00806-00252529-00252858": "You haven't seen the guy with the Superman suit?", "02oLqflwou0-00807-00253029-00253241": "You've seen seen him, right? What happened?", "02oLqflwou0-00808-00253241-00253387": "Kryptonite, right?", "02oLqflwou0-00809-00253400-00253550": "CAMERA: It weakened him, yeah", "02oLqflwou0-00810-00253579-00253762": "And look, I'M BATMAN!", "02oLqflwou0-00811-00253779-00253962": "BRO, I'LL AVENGE YOU!", "02oLqflwou0-00812-00264487-00264758": "ESKUL: ...that Richard is very offended...", "02oLqflwou0-00813-00264983-00265375": "...for that day Leo was there drunk", "02oLqflwou0-00814-00265387-00265550": "and talking shit...", "02oLqflwou0-00815-00265562-00265783": "So...", "02oLqflwou0-00816-00265850-00266070": "He doesn't want...", "02oLqflwou0-00817-00266100-00266320": "I mean...", "02oLqflwou0-00818-00266395-00266679": "He doesn't want us to play there anymore.", "02oLqflwou0-00819-00266804-00267037": "I've told him that Leo feels bad about it,", "02oLqflwou0-00820-00267037-00267370": "but it's Leo who has to tell him. They've known each other for 20 years.", "02oLqflwou0-00821-00267370-00267712": "Yeah! It's also about the people that were there, doing their stuff", "02oLqflwou0-00822-00267745-00268087": "they're all in the committee.", "02oLqflwou0-00823-00268116-00268283": "And they didn't like it.", "02oLqflwou0-00824-00268295-00268404": "It's a bad image.", "02oLqflwou0-00825-00268579-00268812": "OAN: And Leo is missing right? He's not answering...", "02oLqflwou0-00826-00268850-00269191": "No-- I saw him yesterday. But...", "02oLqflwou0-00827-00269395-00269737": "Well-- He's in Barcelona, for sure.", "02oLqflwou0-00828-00269741-00269991": "But we're not working together.", "02oLqflwou0-00829-00270183-00270466": "OAN: Since what happened in La Astilla, you're separated?", "02oLqflwou0-00830-00270470-00270695": "No, well-- Just not working together.", "02oLqflwou0-00831-00270733-00270958": "We're better off working alone.", "02oLqflwou0-00832-00271154-00271379": "But we see eachother every day", "02oLqflwou0-00833-00271387-00271612": "We have a beer together...", "02oLqflwou0-00834-00271625-00271770": "And that's it", "02oLqflwou0-00835-00271887-00272112": "We have to carry on with the band, no?", "02oLqflwou0-00836-00272137-00272504": "But if we keep playing like until now,", "02oLqflwou0-00837-00272537-00272783": "nothing's gonna change.", "02oLqflwou0-00838-00272850-00273070": "Those who know us, already know us.", "02oLqflwou0-00839-00273108-00273366": "Very few people Like our posts daily...", "02oLqflwou0-00840-00273375-00273533": "Very few.", "02oLqflwou0-00841-00273566-00273833": "Long ago, at one point, yeah...", "02oLqflwou0-00842-00273841-00273987": "They were many.", "02oLqflwou0-00843-00274062-00274229": "But not anymore...", "02oLqflwou0-00844-00274237-00274454": "'Cause those who know us, have already seen us.", "02oLqflwou0-00845-00275900-00276216": "LEO: This guy is here... decomposing.", "02oLqflwou0-00846-00276412-00276616": "OAN: --Let's go to Ciudadela...", "02oLqflwou0-00847-00276625-00276891": "Let's find a chill place to--", "02oLqflwou0-00848-00276895-00277062": "Let's go to the Mammoth!", "02oLqflwou0-00849-00277079-00277220": "LEO: Yes! The Mammoth!!", "02oLqflwou0-00850-00277225-00277354": "OAN: --and we can sit there and talk.", "02oLqflwou0-00851-00277366-00277500": "LEO: Eskul-lynner", "02oLqflwou0-00852-00277500-00277683": "ESKUUL-LYNEEEER", "02oLqflwou0-00853-00277791-00278075": "[ SPEAKING ABSOLUTE GIBBERISH ]", "02oLqflwou0-00854-00278083-00278245": "Let's go to the mammoth", "02oLqflwou0-00855-00279183-00279454": "LEO: Let's... Where did you say we're going?", "02oLqflwou0-00856-00279533-00279650": "OAN: The mammoth", "02oLqflwou0-00857-00279666-00279737": "Tthe mammoth!", "02oLqflwou0-00858-00279737-00279900": "Skul-lyner! Let's go to the mammoth", "02oLqflwou0-00859-00279962-00280054": "ESKUL: Ok", "02oLqflwou0-00860-00280195-00280266": "Really?", "02oLqflwou0-00861-00280345-00280466": "OAN: Yea? You good?", "02oLqflwou0-00862-00280470-00280600": "Yea yea yea yea", "02oLqflwou0-00863-00281300-00281470": "ESKUL: --We're very bitter.", "02oLqflwou0-00864-00281575-00281662": "Burned out.", "02oLqflwou0-00865-00281845-00282191": "Of course we are. The years kill you slowly.", "02oLqflwou0-00866-00282350-00282695": "When I was 20, it was a different story.", "02oLqflwou0-00867-00282741-00283008": "Now, being almost 40...", "02oLqflwou0-00868-00283087-00283504": "I feel like someone else. I'm tired.", "02oLqflwou0-00869-00283583-00284045": "I left my city 'cause I had nothing there", "02oLqflwou0-00870-00284187-00284370": "I mooved to Bolivia.", "02oLqflwou0-00871-00284400-00284683": "I was a juggler, working on the streets", "02oLqflwou0-00872-00284783-00285220": "I would go to work under a traffic light, and be back home with some money.", "02oLqflwou0-00873-00285266-00285704": "The act of putting up a show for others...", "02oLqflwou0-00874-00285708-00285870": "is the same one.", "02oLqflwou0-00875-00285900-00286270": "But I didn't want to be a juggler anymore when I moved here", "02oLqflwou0-00876-00286304-00286562": "I wanted to change completely", "02oLqflwou0-00877-00286595-00286891": "And I went out with my guitar, to sing.", "02oLqflwou0-00878-00287054-00287375": "I prefer to stay like this", "02oLqflwou0-00879-00287475-00287779": "Enjoying my freedom, rock, life...", "02oLqflwou0-00880-00288008-00288312": "Not having to see anyone's face,", "02oLqflwou0-00881-00288320-00288625": "or stand anyone's humor,", "02oLqflwou0-00882-00288637-00288875": "anyone above me.", "02oLqflwou0-00883-00288929-00289162": "I don't want that, ever again.", "02oLqflwou0-00884-00289420-00289654": "OAN: Leo, c'mon... Tell him something--", "02oLqflwou0-00885-00289708-00289870": "LEO: For f*ck's sake--", "02oLqflwou0-00886-00289929-00289979": "Eskul-lyner!", "02oLqflwou0-00887-00290354-00290420": "Eskul!!", "02oLqflwou0-00888-00290500-00290700": "You're fried! Aren't we going to the mammoth?", "02oLqflwou0-00889-00290708-00290804": "ESKUL: Yea, yeah, let'ss go.", "02oLqflwou0-00890-00291166-00291300": "ESKUL: Look, that...", "02oLqflwou0-00891-00291300-00291500": "In my spiritual life...", "02oLqflwou0-00892-00291550-00291850": "I practice induism, since I was 14", "02oLqflwou0-00893-00291983-00292208": "And...", "02oLqflwou0-00894-00292250-00292579": "The real change in my life...", "02oLqflwou0-00895-00292616-00292825": "Has been to face the world...", "02oLqflwou0-00896-00292879-00293150": "To face the world...", "02oLqflwou0-00897-00293233-00293383": "With my own philosophy.", "02oLqflwou0-00898-00293429-00293720": "I feel very important, and necessary...", "02oLqflwou0-00899-00293787-00293987": "my...", "02oLqflwou0-00900-00294125-00294262": "my appearance.", "02oLqflwou0-00901-00294270-00294562": "Who I am, what I am, and what I do.", "02oLqflwou0-00902-00294704-00294912": "That...", "02oLqflwou0-00903-00295012-00295250": "With the fact that...", "02oLqflwou0-00904-00295433-00295616": "with the fact that...", "02oLqflwou0-00905-00295658-00295841": "Some things happen to me...", "02oLqflwou0-00906-00296058-00296212": "And...", "02oLqflwou0-00907-00296225-00296425": "Specially-- Bad things,", "02oLqflwou0-00908-00296425-00296625": "when bad things happen...", "02oLqflwou0-00909-00296766-00296966": "that's when I challenge myself...", "02oLqflwou0-00910-00297062-00297262": "And it shows what I am,", "02oLqflwou0-00911-00297262-00297462": "what I do, what I really...", "02oLqflwou0-00912-00297462-00297662": "What I really am, 'cause...", "02oLqflwou0-00913-00297683-00297883": "If I feel...", "02oLqflwou0-00914-00297895-00298233": "If they appear in me, feelings...", "02oLqflwou0-00915-00298283-00298650": "of a decadent nature...", "02oLqflwou0-00916-00298841-00299204": "Then it means that I haven't worked--", "02oLqflwou0-00917-00299204-00299608": "--or my spiritual work didn't have any results.", "02oLqflwou0-00918-00299716-00299879": "Then...", "02oLqflwou0-00919-00299933-00300337": "For that... I'd need...", "02oLqflwou0-00920-00300416-00300654": "To stop drinking...", "02oLqflwou0-00921-00300654-00300812": "...so much.", "02oLqflwou0-00922-00300870-00301095": "The rest is all fine.", "02oLqflwou0-00923-00301437-00301562": "But yeah, that...", "02oLqflwou0-00924-00301595-00301850": "My problem is the drinking.", "02oLqflwou0-00925-00302820-00302991": "LEO: Eskuulyyner", "02oLqflwou0-00926-00303020-00303241": "Let's go to the mammoth", "02oLqflwou0-00927-00304641-00304770": "BICHO: Woof Woof", "02oLqflwou0-00928-00305050-00305179": "LEO: Daamn", "02oLqflwou0-00929-00305495-00305779": "OAN: Are you writing to Richard?", "02oLqflwou0-00930-00305791-00306162": "ESKUL: Yeah, he said we can meet tomorrow somewhere", "02oLqflwou0-00931-00306212-00306433": "I'm gonna meet with him alone.", "02oLqflwou0-00932-00306454-00306725": "Maybe I'll ask Leo to come along", "02oLqflwou0-00933-00306808-00307070": "But I'd prefer to just tell him to come play", "02oLqflwou0-00934-00307070-00307283": "if they give us a date in the end.", "02oLqflwou0-00935-00307320-00307600": "He's more serious when he has to play.", "02oLqflwou0-00936-00307633-00307808": "He came super sober the other day.", "02oLqflwou0-00937-00307833-00307929": "Sit", "02oLqflwou0-00938-00308195-00308550": "OAN: \"Musicians from Barcelona. We play in birthdays, bachelorette parties, divorces, etc.", "02oLqflwou0-00939-00308550-00308745": "Also Cooking With Carne de Satan delivered to your home\"", "02oLqflwou0-00940-00308762-00308925": "Shit-- I didn't know that", "02oLqflwou0-00941-00308945-00309041": "ESKUL: Hah. Yeah.", "02oLqflwou0-00942-00309112-00309245": "GIRLFRIEND: I didn't know it either", "02oLqflwou0-00943-00309304-00309975": "OAN: The concert has to be the turning point, where we find the people to shoot the videoclip", "02oLqflwou0-00944-00310075-00310333": "It has to be packed with people,", "02oLqflwou0-00945-00310333-00310591": "everyone willing to contribute to the shooting", "02oLqflwou0-00946-00310612-00310870": "'cause we'll have to make the clip with no money at all.", "02oLqflwou0-00947-00310916-00311145": "You just need to make your fans go to the concert", "02oLqflwou0-00948-00311162-00311754": "And the videoclip can be real cool, but we need people, and for that it's so important to do this gig.", "02oLqflwou0-00949-00312283-00312533": "[ unintelligible ]", "02oLqflwou0-00950-00312570-00312712": "LEO: I'm really weak", "02oLqflwou0-00951-00313104-00313170": "Mammoth!", "02oLqflwou0-00952-00313995-00314045": "Go", "02oLqflwou0-00953-00314150-00314291": "ESKUL: I think about...", "02oLqflwou0-00954-00314291-00314400": "A third phase.", "02oLqflwou0-00955-00314400-00314537": "And becoming a Youtuber.", "02oLqflwou0-00956-00314587-00315087": "And work on my Cooking Vlogs \"The Taste of Rock\"", "02oLqflwou0-00957-00315166-00315304": "I'd like that", "02oLqflwou0-00958-00315341-00315683": "And I hope it gets popular", "02oLqflwou0-00959-00315808-00315987": "[ chains clinking ]", "02oLqflwou0-00960-00316100-00316237": "That's Leo", "02oLqflwou0-00961-00317441-00317583": "OAN: Do you fit?", "02oLqflwou0-00962-00318162-00318287": "LEO: I met with him in the end--", "02oLqflwou0-00963-00318287-00318416": "OAN: Yeah? How was it??", "02oLqflwou0-00964-00318433-00318583": "LEO: I went there!", "02oLqflwou0-00965-00318620-00318941": "I was with Richard, and we're all good", "02oLqflwou0-00966-00319054-00319170": "OAN: So Richard came?", "02oLqflwou0-00967-00319200-00319520": "Yeah, we finished at 6 AM, then went back home", "02oLqflwou0-00968-00319745-00319954": "So everything's cool. We're good.", "02oLqflwou0-00969-00320029-00320375": "OAN: So you're playing on the 28th. 5 to 9, yeah?", "02oLqflwou0-00970-00320420-00320545": "LEO: Yes.", "02oLqflwou0-00971-00320745-00320925": "LEO: Richard really cares for us.", "02oLqflwou0-00972-00321112-00321254": "ESKUL: Yeah?", "02oLqflwou0-00973-00321425-00321633": "Let's go and sit somewhere", "02oLqflwou0-00974-00321712-00322116": "OAN: So let's talk about the concert, the list, and everything", "02oLqflwou0-00975-00322116-00322204": "ESKUL: Cool", "02oLqflwou0-00976-00322204-00322362": "OAN: Wherever you want.", "02oLqflwou0-00977-00322375-00322595": "OAN: Eskul, say something", "02oLqflwou0-00978-00322691-00322900": "Whatever, just to check the audio", "02oLqflwou0-00979-00322950-00323100": "ESKUL: \"Something\"...", "02oLqflwou0-00980-00323100-00323308": "To check the audio... idk", "02oLqflwou0-00981-00323420-00323812": "Well, I don't agree with what Leo's saying -- 'Cause I'm Tiiiired", "02oLqflwou0-00982-00323912-00324183": "LEO: Don't cast pearls before swine", "02oLqflwou0-00983-00324195-00324495": "ESKUL: That was said by... Firulais!", "02oLqflwou0-00984-00324516-00324787": "LEO: Noo-- That's from... The Bible", "02oLqflwou0-00985-00324845-00325083": "ESKUL: Yeah, that, well...", "02oLqflwou0-00986-00325091-00325362": "LEO: Don't cast pearls before swine", "02oLqflwou0-00987-00325379-00325675": "So, don't give a joint to whomever doesn't deserve it", "02oLqflwou0-00988-00325691-00325791": "Junkie translation", "02oLqflwou0-00989-00325791-00326083": "LEO: Don't cast pearls!.... Before swine", "02oLqflwou0-00990-00326091-00326491": "Don't give a 50 bill to an asshole who robs old ladies", "02oLqflwou0-00991-00326516-00326741": "Don't cast pearls before swine!", "02oLqflwou0-00992-00326750-00327150": "Would you give a 20 bill to an asshole who robs old ladies??", "02oLqflwou0-00993-00327183-00327375": "ESKUL: Firulais teached me not to--", "02oLqflwou0-00994-00327375-00327566": "LEO: I don't know who Pirulais is--", "02oLqflwou0-00995-00327566-00327966": "Oh--Oh Yeah! He's the-- The dog from...", "02oLqflwou0-00996-00327966-00328366": "He's the dog-- The pet-- The dog from...", "02oLqflwou0-00997-00328366-00328620": "From \"The Rugrgards\"-- some like that", "02oLqflwou0-00998-00328629-00328883": "Look, the name is...", "02oLqflwou0-00999-00328933-00329095": "\"Satan's Tale\"--", "02oLqflwou0-01000-00329095-00329325": "Is the name of the dog from The Simpsons.", "02oLqflwou0-01001-00329362-00329516": "Pirulais is from The Gruggls...", "02oLqflwou0-01002-00329516-00329679": "They're babies...", "02oLqflwou0-01003-00329708-00329987": "They do things... With diappers", "02oLqflwou0-01004-00329987-00330091": "And walk around", "02oLqflwou0-01005-00330091-00330195": "Rock and Love", "02oLqflwou0-01006-00330258-00330412": "I'm taking this", "02oLqflwou0-01007-00330533-00330800": "Go see them...", "02oLqflwou0-01008-00330858-00331045": "Check them out on Youtube", "02oLqflwou0-01009-00331208-00331620": "ESKUL: Jordan has videos that you guys could use for the documentary", "02oLqflwou0-01010-00331775-00332225": "He would make videos os us when we were sleeping...", "02oLqflwou0-01011-00332225-00332554": "LEO: True!! He recorded me sleepying!", "02oLqflwou0-01012-00332750-00333029": "LEO: If the guys from Trainspotting saw my room they would hire me!", "02oLqflwou0-01013-00333029-00333254": "\"Whoa man! Come with us!!\"", "02oLqflwou0-01014-00333804-00334075": "So crazy-- Oh...", "02oLqflwou0-01015-00334083-00334375": "I miss our house...", "02oLqflwou0-01016-00334391-00334641": "How's the word?? I forgot", "02oLqflwou0-01017-00334675-00334766": "ESKUL: Nostalgia", "02oLqflwou0-01018-00334766-00334904": "LEO: That's it! Nostalgia...", "02oLqflwou0-01019-00335158-00335558": "OAN: In order to reach more people you need the videoclip", "02oLqflwou0-01020-00335558-00335845": "We decided the video is gonna be for \"Hippie Meat\"", "02oLqflwou0-01021-00335845-00335983": "LEO: Yes", "02oLqflwou0-01022-00335983-00336375": "Galician style, or carbonatta, but yes, \"Hippie Meat\"", "02oLqflwou0-01023-00336375-00336587": "OAN: Okay, so--", "02oLqflwou0-01024-00336587-00336870": "We already have the idea for the clip, do you know it?", "02oLqflwou0-01025-00336870-00337304": "LEO: I would love to have a girl like this:", "02oLqflwou0-01026-00337445-00337729": "Laying down... A banquet.", "02oLqflwou0-01027-00337895-00338120": "A hot girl-- Or something.", "02oLqflwou0-01028-00338120-00338491": "On her body different vegetables", "02oLqflwou0-01029-00338554-00338833": "A banquet where everyone's like...", "02oLqflwou0-01030-00338962-00339333": "ESKUL: I'd like a shot of her buttocks", "02oLqflwou0-01031-00339333-00339591": "That'd be beautiful-- Right?", "02oLqflwou0-01032-00339716-00339945": "LEO: For the potassiumm... YEah", "02oLqflwou0-01033-00339945-00340175": "OAN: Ok, guys-- Focus!", "02oLqflwou0-01034-00340183-00340375": "You'll play on the 28th of July!", "02oLqflwou0-01035-00340375-00340604": "ESKUL: 28th of July Leo!! Got it??", "02oLqflwou0-01036-00340729-00341125": "OAN: We also need a list of the people you want to invite", "02oLqflwou0-01037-00341162-00341637": "For example, there's this guy Pedrito, that's missing an eye and a finger", "02oLqflwou0-01038-00341991-00342570": "OAN: We have one month to prepare the gig, so that it rocks as much as it can", "02oLqflwou0-01039-00342616-00342820": "Yeah?? Are we ready?", "02oLqflwou0-01040-00342929-00343054": "ESKUL: Yes we are", "02oLqflwou0-01041-00343550-00343745": "LEO: And what about the camera guy??", "02oLqflwou0-01042-00344145-00344341": "OAN: Let's get La Astilla!", "02oLqflwou0-01043-00344375-00344570": "ESKUL: We're gonna do things the right way", "02oLqflwou0-01044-00344587-00344770": "LEO: Yes, really-- Yesyesyes", "02oLqflwou0-01045-00344833-00344945": "OAN: It's gonna be great", "02oLqflwou0-01046-00345341-00345475": "ESKUL: This is a fucking shit", "02oLqflwou0-01047-00345837-00345933": "Ok", "02oLqflwou0-01048-00345966-00346062": "Carne de Satan!", "02oLqflwou0-01049-00346091-00346245": "We're in Youtube and Facebook", "02oLqflwou0-01050-00346291-00346616": "We have the full album on our Youtube channel", "02oLqflwou0-01051-00346616-00347029": "Subscribe-- The first song is... \"Belcebub\"", "02oLqflwou0-01052-00347079-00347258": "[ CLERK ] I'll put it around here", "02oLqflwou0-01053-00347312-00347408": "Good luck!", "02oLqflwou0-01054-00347412-00347545": "ESKUL: Thanks brother, take care!", "02oLqflwou0-01055-00348787-00348904": "It's so fucking hot", "02oLqflwou0-01056-00349825-00350054": "We already have a drummer", "02oLqflwou0-01057-00350070-00350300": "The other guy is still asking me at what time", "02oLqflwou0-01058-00357833-00358170": "LEO: I'm Happy... When I die", "02oLqflwou0-01059-00358462-00358800": "Straight from Hell...", "02oLqflwou0-01060-00359450-00359600": "LEO: I --", "02oLqflwou0-01061-00359629-00359829": "What a great irony", "02oLqflwou0-01062-00359829-00360029": "And I say-- A great irony", "02oLqflwou0-01063-00360070-00360270": "\"I'm Happy When I Die\"", "02oLqflwou0-01064-00360320-00360520": "I WILL be happy when I die", "02oLqflwou0-01065-00360675-00360958": "God gave me what I've asked for, and sang about", "02oLqflwou0-01066-00360958-00361183": "\"You want it? -- Here, take it!\"", "02oLqflwou0-01067-00361200-00361291": "FAN: We take it!!", "02oLqflwou0-01068-00361304-00361362": "ESKUL: TAKE IT!", "02oLqflwou0-01069-00361362-00361512": "LEO: In one year--", "02oLqflwou0-01070-00361512-00361695": "You're gonna enojoy me for two more years", "02oLqflwou0-01071-00361695-00361800": "Don't waste it!", "02oLqflwou0-01072-00361808-00361958": "\"I'm Happy When I Die\"!", "02oLqflwou0-01073-00361983-00362166": "Thank You, Daaad", "02oLqflwou0-01074-00362287-00362379": "ESKUL: Let's go", "02oLqflwou0-01075-00364575-00364641": "*LUKE", "02oLqflwou0-01076-00364704-00364895": "I’M THE GASMAN", "02oLqflwou0-01077-00364895-00365033": "I’M YOUR MOTHER", "02oLqflwou0-01078-00365033-00365154": "I’M YOUR LOVER", "02oLqflwou0-01079-00365154-00365241": "I’M...", "02oLqflwou0-01080-00365391-00365470": "RICHARD: Good. Careful--", "02oLqflwou0-01081-00365537-00365666": "Leo, come on, man...", "02oLqflwou0-01082-00365775-00365904": "C'mon, go", "02oLqflwou0-01083-00366141-00366312": "[ LEO UNINTELLEGIBLE ]", "02oLqflwou0-01084-00366366-00366470": "RICHARD: Just go ahead", "02oLqflwou0-01085-00366620-00366766": "Be careful with the drums...", "02oLqflwou0-01086-00366779-00366954": "LEO: I know! I know! Look at me", "02oLqflwou0-01087-00366995-00367187": "I'm taking good care of it!", "02oLqflwou0-01088-00368758-00368958": "ESKUL: Shit, you're here!", "02oLqflwou0-01089-00369179-00369379": "LEO: The old ones...", "02oLqflwou0-01090-00369475-00369645": "ESKUL: Leo, we're gonna rehearse now", "02oLqflwou0-01091-00369645-00369812": "LEO: I know, I'm aware", "02oLqflwou0-01092-00369912-00370091": "LEO: No--I'm-- really...", "02oLqflwou0-01093-00370091-00370416": "I don't understand this...", "02oLqflwou0-01094-00370416-00370529": "...thing....", "02oLqflwou0-01095-00370595-00370858": "What does this mean? I don't know.", "02oLqflwou0-01096-00377287-00377466": "LEO: For the potassium", "02oLqflwou0-01097-00377645-00377879": "ESKUL: Can you hear me good?", "02oLqflwou0-01098-00379116-00379395": "ESKUL: NOW YOU'LL LISTEN TO ME!", "02oLqflwou0-01099-00382120-00382366": "ESKUL: How long do we have to wait for you?", "02oLqflwou0-01100-00382387-00382550": "LEO: I'm ready-- Oh...", "02oLqflwou0-01101-00382612-00382854": "We're all ready! Except Leo.", "02oLqflwou0-01102-00382954-00383070": "LEO: LEAVE ME ALONE!", "02oLqflwou0-01103-00383091-00383291": "ESKUL: I do ten times more than you", "02oLqflwou0-01104-00383300-00383391": "LEO: Leave me alone", "02oLqflwou0-01105-00383529-00383675": "ESKUL: I do ten times more than you", "02oLqflwou0-01106-00383700-00383875": "LEO: Shut up and leave me alone", "02oLqflwou0-01107-00385429-00385650": "ESKUL: Leo you can't play", "02oLqflwou0-01108-00385700-00385958": "Your level means you don't know how to play", "02oLqflwou0-01109-00385958-00386154": "LEO: Ok-- Keep going--", "02oLqflwou0-01110-00386166-00386362": "ESKUL: Your level means you can't play", "02oLqflwou0-01111-00386383-00386558": "LEO: Speak for yourself", "02oLqflwou0-01112-00386612-00386904": "[ ESKUL LAUGHS ]", "02oLqflwou0-01113-00387029-00387225": "ESKUL: Your level means you can't play", "02oLqflwou0-01114-00391604-00391787": "ESKUL: Beer!", "02oLqflwou0-01115-00391816-00391941": "Beer!", "02oLqflwou0-01116-00392320-00392504": "LEO: Okay, I'm ready--", "02oLqflwou0-01117-00393587-00393883": "LEO [SINGING]: *I'M SLEEPING--IIING*", "02oLqflwou0-01118-00394966-00395058": "ESKUL: Beer, please.", "02oLqflwou0-01119-00395412-00395829": "LEO [SINGING]: *I DON'T WANNA WAIT FOR DEATH*", "02oLqflwou0-01120-00396612-00396887": "LEO [SINGING]: *IN THIS GODDAMN PLACE--", "02oLqflwou0-01121-00397291-00397508": "ESKUL [ OFF ] : What can I say...", "02oLqflwou0-01122-00397533-00397645": "But-- yeah-- There's...", "02oLqflwou0-01123-00397662-00397904": "There's been guys that tried to play with us,", "02oLqflwou0-01124-00397916-00398079": "and we had to kick them out...", "02oLqflwou0-01125-00398091-00398308": "Even when we didn't have anyone else", "02oLqflwou0-01126-00398316-00398383": "We had to kick them out, 'cause...", "02oLqflwou0-01127-00398383-00398487": "We had to kick them out, 'cause...", "02oLqflwou0-01128-00398487-00398654": "'cause they weren't really rockers.", "02oLqflwou0-01129-00398654-00398845": "They just wanna play with us 'cause...", "02oLqflwou0-01130-00398845-00399037": "We have a popularity... Maybe.", "02oLqflwou0-01131-00399108-00399208": "Sum' like that.", "02oLqflwou0-01132-00399220-00399550": "They think they'll do good in life if they play with us", "02oLqflwou0-01133-00399558-00399875": "But no-- Our popularity is very limited", "02oLqflwou0-01134-00399891-00400104": "And even if...", "02oLqflwou0-01135-00400112-00400362": "people know us, that has no money value", "02oLqflwou0-01136-00400391-00400654": "But if we put some more work into it...", "02oLqflwou0-01137-00400750-00401020": "If we can channel this energy...", "02oLqflwou0-01138-00401054-00401337": "towards productivity, then--", "02oLqflwou0-01139-00401408-00401579": "We can make it happen.", "02oLqflwou0-01140-00401679-00401812": "We can make it happen, yes.", "02oLqflwou0-01141-00401908-00402350": "Depending on ambition, dedication and intention.", "02oLqflwou0-01142-00402562-00402675": "Don't interrupt me!", "02oLqflwou0-01143-00402683-00402795": "No, no, chill", "02oLqflwou0-01144-00403812-00404070": "LEO: WE ARE \"CARNE DE SATAN\"!", "02oLqflwou0-01145-00404233-00404512": "WE ARE ROCKERS, VAMPIRES AND WE DON'T HAVE CORONAVIRUS", "02oLqflwou0-01146-00405162-00405479": "ESKUL: This... Is... My sweet banana...", "02oLqflwou0-01147-00405529-00405775": "LEO: YOU LIKE BANANA FOR THE POTASSIUM!!", "02oLqflwou0-01148-00413087-00413304": "RICHARD: ...they could come work here but they don't.", "02oLqflwou0-01149-00413320-00413587": "GUIM: Do you prefer them making art than music?", "02oLqflwou0-01150-00413625-00413891": "RICHARD: Whatever makes them happy", "02oLqflwou0-01151-00414045-00414241": "What I can tell you tho, is that...", "02oLqflwou0-01152-00414241-00414566": "you don't starve with music the way you starve with art.", "02oLqflwou0-01153-00414625-00414775": "That, I can tell you.", "02oLqflwou0-01154-00416012-00416183": "LEO: Carla?", "02oLqflwou0-01155-00416208-00416337": "I'm Leonardo.", "02oLqflwou0-01156-00416454-00416541": "Speak spanish?", "02oLqflwou0-01157-00416595-00416787": "--Oh, good, well--", "02oLqflwou0-01158-00416829-00416941": "Thank you for coming,", "02oLqflwou0-01159-00416941-00417079": "we're shooting a documentary", "02oLqflwou0-01160-00417079-00417233": "Find us, \"Carne de Satan\".", "02oLqflwou0-01161-00417508-00417645": "ESKUL: How did you see it?", "02oLqflwou0-01162-00417820-00417908": "LEO: Crazy", "02oLqflwou0-01163-00417908-00418041": "SONICA: It sounds terrible", "02oLqflwou0-01164-00420391-00420604": "ESKUL: --We want a more homogeneous dance", "02oLqflwou0-01165-00420666-00420841": "Dance something-- Cooler", "02oLqflwou0-01166-00421541-00421650": "LEO: LAST ONE!", "02oLqflwou0-01167-00442183-00442266": "RICHARD: --You know?", "02oLqflwou0-01168-00442287-00442454": "Everything has been done before", "02oLqflwou0-01169-00442516-00442712": "We're back to the same topic, you know?", "02oLqflwou0-01170-00442729-00442954": "Maybe \"success\" is to make something unique", "02oLqflwou0-01171-00442991-00443204": "Maybe it means to \"Be\" unique", "02oLqflwou0-01172-00443237-00443450": "Maybe it means to just believe you are", "02oLqflwou0-01173-00443458-00443525": "I don't know--", "02oLqflwou0-01174-00443541-00443795": "But at least they have the attitude, no?", "02oLqflwou0-01175-00443829-00443941": "And that's basic,", "02oLqflwou0-01176-00443941-00444162": "In order to make it you gotta have the attitude", "02oLqflwou0-01177-00444162-00444375": "and the wish to make it happen.", "02oLqflwou0-01178-00444425-00444570": "Will they be successful? I don't know--", "02oLqflwou0-01179-00444570-00444712": "But people recognize them on the street", "02oLqflwou0-01180-00444712-00444870": "That'd be some kind of success, no?", "02oLqflwou0-01181-00444875-00445000": "\"Oh, look! Carne de Satan!\"", "02oLqflwou0-01182-00445000-00445133": "\"Banana for the potassium\"!!", "02oLqflwou0-01183-00445154-00445295": "For some that means success", "02oLqflwou0-01184-00445295-00445408": "Could be, right?", "02oLqflwou0-01185-00445429-00445595": "So-- Yeah-- I mean...", "02oLqflwou0-01186-00445612-00445779": "In the end, success...", "02oLqflwou0-01187-00445975-00446141": "will never be absolute.", "02oLqflwou0-01188-00446150-00446316": "You gotta be always growing", "02oLqflwou0-01189-00446329-00446520": "When you get there, you can't stay", "02oLqflwou0-01190-00446537-00446745": "You end up thinking \"Now what?\"", "02oLqflwou0-01191-00446787-00446987": "Where does success end?", "02oLqflwou0-01192-00446995-00447108": "'Cause I don't know--", "02oLqflwou0-01193-00447129-00447304": "Maybe the day you retire...", "02oLqflwou0-01194-00447320-00447458": "and there's nothing more to do", "02oLqflwou0-01195-00447483-00447650": "maybe you'll sit down and say:", "02oLqflwou0-01196-00447729-00448062": "\"I did something in life. I made it. I was successul\"", "02oLqflwou0-01197-00448175-00448375": "Or hey, maybe no one knows you", "02oLqflwou0-01198-00448375-00448625": "and you didn't play in a festival in front of a bunch of people", "02oLqflwou0-01199-00448654-00448904": "but maybe you could earn a living by playing your guitar", "02oLqflwou0-01200-00448904-00449154": "getting 30, 40, 50 euros daily", "02oLqflwou0-01201-00449216-00449483": "And you didn't have to work in a McDonald's for 30 euros.", "02oLqflwou0-01202-00449708-00449945": "LEO: HEY! WE ARE \"CARNE DE SATAN\"! Okay??", "02oLqflwou0-01203-00450016-00450212": "Sorry for the things--", "02oLqflwou0-01204-00450229-00450516": "Between being drunk, and being out of tune...", "02oLqflwou0-01205-00450554-00450829": "we screwed it up, but with the heart!", "02oLqflwou0-01206-00451037-00451295": "SCREWING UP WITH TENDERNESS!!"}}, {"audio_id": "02QG5YXR9ro", "text": {"02QG5YXR9ro-00000-00000008-00000544": "Greetings and welcome to the discussion on Web Browsers and Web Servers.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00001-00000544-00000911": "My name is Dan McElroy at San José City College.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00002-00000911-00001360": "If you have been using a web browser such as Safari, Chrome, Firefox or Edge", "02QG5YXR9ro-00003-00001360-00001816": "for awhile, you will find that you probably know some of the information", "02QG5YXR9ro-00004-00001816-00002192": "contained in this discussion. Hopefully everyone will find some", "02QG5YXR9ro-00005-00002192-00002528": "new and exciting things that they didn't already know about", "02QG5YXR9ro-00006-00002528-00002968": "web browsers and web servers. The information in this presentation", "02QG5YXR9ro-00007-00002968-00003400": "contains some material from Wikipedia and things I have written myself.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00008-00003496-00003928": "The Internet is used to connect a web browser to the web server.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00009-00003928-00004392": "When you type an address in the browser, your request is routed to a web", "02QG5YXR9ro-00010-00004392-00004816": "server through the Internet. The server gets your request, does", "02QG5YXR9ro-00011-00004816-00005256": "something with it, such as finding a web page and then sends that page back", "02QG5YXR9ro-00012-00005256-00005752": "to be displayed on your browser. Programs called hyperlinked", "02QG5YXR9ro-00013-00005752-00006104": "applications were written during the mid and late 1980s.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00014-00006160-00006640": "Research papers typically have footnotes that identify where the writer referenced", "02QG5YXR9ro-00015-00006640-00007095": "information described in the paper. That way, the reader could locate the", "02QG5YXR9ro-00016-00007095-00007480": "information that was referenced. Eventually, research papers", "02QG5YXR9ro-00017-00007480-00007816": "were stored on disk files instead of being printed out.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00018-00007816-00008240": "A hyperlink in the footnote could be clicked and the material being referenced", "02QG5YXR9ro-00019-00008240-00008584": "would then be automatically displayed on the computer screen.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00020-00008640-00009136": "The reader of the research paper no longer needed to find that material by searching", "02QG5YXR9ro-00021-00009136-00009624": "the rows of books in the library. Following hyperlinked applications,", "02QG5YXR9ro-00022-00009624-00010072": "Tim Berners-Lee is credited with developing both the first web server,", "02QG5YXR9ro-00023-00010072-00010656": "and the first web browser in 1990. It was called WorldWideWeb", "02QG5YXR9ro-00024-00010712-00011208": "(no spaces) and later renamed Nexus. Many other browsers were developed,", "02QG5YXR9ro-00025-00011208-00011792": "with Marc Andreessen's 1993 Mosaic which later was called Netscape.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00026-00011792-00012224": "It was easy to use and install, and often credited with sparking", "02QG5YXR9ro-00027-00012224-00012688": "the internet boom of the 1990s. Today, the major web browsers are", "02QG5YXR9ro-00028-00012688-00013176": "Chrome, Safari, Internet Explorer, Edge, Firefox, Opera, and Silk.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00029-00013176-00013591": "The explosion in popularity of the Web was triggered in September", "02QG5YXR9ro-00030-00013591-00014232": "1993 by Mosaic that included images and text on the same page.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00031-00014232-00014744": "Its founder also established the company that in 1994 released", "02QG5YXR9ro-00032-00014744-00015191": "Netscape Navigator. This resulted in one of the early browser", "02QG5YXR9ro-00033-00015191-00015584": "wars in competition with Microsoft's Internet Explorer for Windows.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00034-00015672-00016047": "Netscape began to threaten the very existence of Microsoft.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00035-00016104-00016584": "Microsoft retaliated by giving Internet Explorer away for free.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00036-00016584-00016912": "This caused Netscape to lose most of its income from the", "02QG5YXR9ro-00037-00016912-00017416": "sale of Netscape Navigator. Tim Berners-Lee was named in", "02QG5YXR9ro-00038-00017416-00017792": "Timemagazine's list of the 100 Most Important People", "02QG5YXR9ro-00039-00017792-00018280": "of the 20th century. He was honored as the \"Inventor of the World Wide", "02QG5YXR9ro-00040-00018280-00018840": "Web\"and the first web browser. The Uniform Resource Locator, or URL,", "02QG5YXR9ro-00041-00018840-00019264": "contains the full address that is used to locate a web page on the Internet.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00042-00019336-00020320": "Although it typically starts with http:// or https:// this part of the URL", "02QG5YXR9ro-00043-00020320-00020840": "is assumed when using a web browser. HTTP stands for Hyper", "02QG5YXR9ro-00044-00020840-00021304": "Text Transfer Protocol. Hyper Text indicates that the page", "02QG5YXR9ro-00045-00021304-00021632": "can contain links that can be clicked to move to another page.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00046-00021728-00022048": "Protocol is a list of rules that are followed when routing a", "02QG5YXR9ro-00047-00022048-00022448": "request around the Internet. There are several other Internet", "02QG5YXR9ro-00048-00022448-00022944": "protocols not discussed here such as FTP, File Transfer Protocol.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00049-00023024-00023400": "The URL contains several parts. The first part is the", "02QG5YXR9ro-00050-00023400-00023824": "name of the server. In this example program-info.net.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00051-00023880-00024296": "There is an optional list of folders on the web server to find the", "02QG5YXR9ro-00052-00024296-00024712": "location of the web page. Lastly, the name of the web page itself.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00053-00024768-00025200": "In this example, it is SampleWebPage.htm.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00054-00025256-00025824": "Most web pages will use .htm or .html as their file extension.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00055-00025895-00026448": "If a web page is not specified, the server usually looks for a file named default", "02QG5YXR9ro-00056-00026448-00027152": "htm or index.htm, or either of these names with the .html file extension.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00057-00027280-00027760": "If you want to type this address on your browser, be careful and type the", "02QG5YXR9ro-00058-00027760-00028192": "capitalization exactly as shown. Because this server is running", "02QG5YXR9ro-00059-00028192-00028632": "the Linux operating system. Capitalization does not matter on", "02QG5YXR9ro-00060-00028632-00029120": "servers that are running Microsoft. Here is another thing to notice.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00061-00029120-00029536": "The URL uses the forward slash / to separate each part", "02QG5YXR9ro-00062-00029536-00029952": "of the web page address. This is true even for servers that", "02QG5YXR9ro-00063-00029952-00030408": "are running on Microsoft which typically uses the backslash \\ character", "02QG5YXR9ro-00064-00030408-00030695": "to separate different parts of the folder and filename.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00065-00030839-00031499": "The original top level domain names were .com .mil .edu .net and", "02QG5YXR9ro-00066-00031499-00031912": ".org The top level domain name helps identify the type of web server.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00067-00032016-00032392": "Recently additional names have been added to the list such", "02QG5YXR9ro-00068-00032392-00032960": "as .biz .travel etc. A two-digit suffix can be added", "02QG5YXR9ro-00069-00032960-00033240": "to the end of the domain name to identify the country.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00070-00033320-00033888": ".us is for the United States of America .ca is for Canada.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00071-00033888-00034232": ".mx is for Mexico. .au is for Australia.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00072-00034232-00034560": "And the list goes on and on to cover the many countries in the world.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00073-00034680-00035024": "There are several million devices on the Internet.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00074-00035024-00035384": "The Internet is a collection of many Interconnected-Networks.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00075-00035472-00035792": "The way data is transferred from one device to another is", "02QG5YXR9ro-00076-00035792-00036232": "called 'packet switching'. Small pieces of data are transferred across", "02QG5YXR9ro-00077-00036232-00036744": "the Internet to allow for faster and more efficient transfer across the several", "02QG5YXR9ro-00078-00036744-00037200": "devices which make up the Internet. Each device on the Internet is given", "02QG5YXR9ro-00079-00037200-00037720": "its own address, called an IP address. Connecting one device to another", "02QG5YXR9ro-00080-00037720-00038064": "is similar to making a telephone call using the telephone number.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00081-00038128-00038768": "Each packet of data contains both the to IP and the from IP address.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00082-00038768-00039000": "The server receives the IP address", "02QG5YXR9ro-00083-00039000-00039304": "of your device and is able to send data back to it.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00084-00039384-00039792": "There will be more discussion on how the Internet works in a later discussion.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00085-00039880-00040424": "You can find the IP address of your computer or the IP address of any server", "02QG5YXR9ro-00086-00040424-00040784": "on the Internet by going to the command prompt on your computer.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00087-00040880-00041288": "Type the ipconfig command at the command prompt to get the", "02QG5YXR9ro-00088-00041288-00041720": "IP address of your machine. Type the ping command at the command", "02QG5YXR9ro-00089-00041720-00042048": "prompt to get the IP address of a server on the Internet.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00090-00042104-00042728": "For example to find the IP address of google.com type: ping google.com", "02QG5YXR9ro-00091-00042816-00043272": "Although originally, you needed to know the numeric address of the other", "02QG5YXR9ro-00092-00043272-00043672": "device you wanted to connect to, we now have names for the servers.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00093-00043776-00044360": "When google.com is entered on the address bar of a web browser, google.com needs", "02QG5YXR9ro-00094-00044360-00044784": "to be converted into an IP address. This is done by a Domain", "02QG5YXR9ro-00095-00044784-00045248": "Name Server (DNS). As new servers are added to the Internet,", "02QG5YXR9ro-00096-00045248-00045632": "their names and addresses are added to the Domain Name Servers.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00097-00045632-00046192": "Here is a web page on program-info.net. When we look closely at the web page,", "02QG5YXR9ro-00098-00046192-00046616": "we see the title is displayed in the operating system's window's tab.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00099-00046672-00046936": "The URL is in the web browser's address bar.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00100-00046992-00047368": "The contents of the web page is placed in its 'Body'.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00101-00047368-00047712": "It is using a 'heading level-1' at the top of the page.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00102-00047712-00048152": "The next line has a size change to make it bigger and it is bold.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00103-00048216-00048584": "An image is placed on the web page along with a lot of text.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00104-00048648-00049016": "A link to the San José City College web page is near the", "02QG5YXR9ro-00105-00049016-00049536": "bottom of this web page. Now here comes the Big Question.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00106-00049536-00049960": "What goes on behind the scenes to display a web page on your browser.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00107-00050056-00050736": "On the server, a web page is built using Hyper-Text Markup Language, or HTML.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00108-00050736-00051072": "The HTML file contains only text characters.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00109-00051136-00051616": "Here is the HTML file that produces the web page displayed on the left.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00110-00051616-00052128": "It contains several 'tags' that control how the web page is built.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00111-00052128-00052632": "Tags are enclosed in angle brackets < > Most tags are grouped into pairs.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00112-00052688-00053304": "I can see the <html> tag at the top of the file that identifies", "02QG5YXR9ro-00113-00053304-00054367": "the start of the HTLM document. At the end is the closing tag </html> that", "02QG5YXR9ro-00114-00054367-00054896": "identifies the end of the web page. For this web page, I see the <head>", "02QG5YXR9ro-00115-00054967-00055591": "and </head> tags enclose the <title> and </title> tags.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00116-00055591-00056144": "The text within the <title> tags is displayed on the window title", "02QG5YXR9ro-00117-00056144-00056496": "on Windows, macOS, or what ever operating system you are using.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00118-00056608-00057055": "The <body> tag also contains the background color attribute", "02QG5YXR9ro-00119-00057055-00057591": "'bgcolor' and text color. The three primary colors for light", "02QG5YXR9ro-00120-00057591-00058032": "are red, green and blue as opposed to the primary colors for paint", "02QG5YXR9ro-00121-00058032-00058479": "of red, yellow and blue. The color attribute is expressed as two", "02QG5YXR9ro-00122-00058479-00059072": "hexadecimal digits each for the amount of red, green and blue light for each color", "02QG5YXR9ro-00123-00059072-00059744": "where 00 represents a 0 and FF represents the maximum value for that color.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00124-00059744-00060655": "For example #FFFFFF represents white. #000000 represents black.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00125-00060832-00061504": "#FF0000 gives red. #00FF00 gives green and", "02QG5YXR9ro-00126-00061791-00062248": "#0000FF gives blue. #808080 gives gray.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00127-00062320-00062696": "There will be a separate presentation on hexadecimal values.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00128-00062696-00063288": "The <h1> tag is part of a group of header tags h1, h2, h3, h4, h5 and", "02QG5YXR9ro-00129-00063288-00063832": "h6 that can be used to organize a large amount of text into separate sections", "02QG5YXR9ro-00130-00063832-00064167": "and make it easier to search for sections of a larger document.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00131-00064240-00064696": "The <h1> causes the text to be displayed bigger.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00132-00064696-00065152": "The <font> tag can be used to change the actual font or even change", "02QG5YXR9ro-00133-00065152-00065520": "the size of the text within the <font> and </font> tags.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00134-00065600-00066088": "The <img> tag contains attributes that identify the source of", "02QG5YXR9ro-00135-00066088-00066560": "the image, size and others. The alt attribute is important", "02QG5YXR9ro-00136-00066560-00066904": "for two reasons. It contains text that is displayed if", "02QG5YXR9ro-00137-00066904-00067352": "the picture file can't be found and it is also there for screen readers used", "02QG5YXR9ro-00138-00067352-00067976": "by blind or people with low vision. The text has <br> tags are", "02QG5YXR9ro-00139-00067976-00068408": "used as line breaks to move text down to the next line.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00140-00068408-00068824": "The <br> tag does not have a closing tag like many of the other tags.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00141-00068824-00069296": "Sometimes the <br> tag is shown as <br />.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00142-00069512-00070040": "An alternate to the <br> is the <p> paragraph tag which gives a", "02QG5YXR9ro-00143-00070040-00070656": "blank line before a paragraph. The <p> tag has a closing tag </p>.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00144-00070656-00071368": "The <a> is an 'anchor' that usually has the href attribute to provide", "02QG5YXR9ro-00145-00071368-00071768": "a link to another web page. The <a> tag has two parts", "02QG5YXR9ro-00146-00071768-00072392": "when used to create a link. The href attribute inside the <a>", "02QG5YXR9ro-00147-00072456-00072784": "provides the link address where to go if the link is clicked.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00148-00072880-00073488": "Between the <a> and the </a> tags is where text is provided that gets displayed", "02QG5YXR9ro-00149-00073488-00073936": "on the web page for the link. Although there are many more HTML tags", "02QG5YXR9ro-00150-00073936-00074432": "than shown, here is a list of the most common tags with a brief description.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00151-00074432-00074792": "Most of them have already been used in the sample web page.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00152-00074912-00075248": "In many cases, the web page sends a request to the server.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00153-00075360-00075728": "The server then runs a program that builds the response page and sends", "02QG5YXR9ro-00154-00075728-00076464": "it back to the user's web browser. However, a small program can be included", "02QG5YXR9ro-00155-00076464-00076984": "inside the return web page which is executed on the user's computer.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00156-00076984-00077464": "A JavaScript program can be placed inside the header of the web page.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00157-00077464-00078152": "In this example, the function compute() is executed when the user clicks", "02QG5YXR9ro-00158-00078152-00078576": "the \"Calculate\" button. The form being displayed is built", "02QG5YXR9ro-00159-00078576-00079144": "inside the <body> and </body> tags. This sample JavaScript program", "02QG5YXR9ro-00160-00079144-00079480": "computes a weekly paycheck from within the web page.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00161-00079480-00079960": "What is most important to recognize that this is a program sent by the server that", "02QG5YXR9ro-00162-00079960-00080528": "is to be run on the user's machine. JavaScript is one of the more popular and", "02QG5YXR9ro-00163-00080528-00081008": "better paying programming languages. As a side note, there is also a programming", "02QG5YXR9ro-00164-00081008-00081432": "language called Java that is used on the actual web servers.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00165-00081432-00081984": "You need to remember that JavaScript runs within a web page not a server.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00166-00081984-00082384": "Although the word Java is in the name of both languages, they are completely", "02QG5YXR9ro-00167-00082384-00082704": "different programming languages. The 'Save' command is one of", "02QG5YXR9ro-00168-00082704-00083080": "the things that has messed me up more than a few times.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00169-00083080-00083568": "I am used to using the Ctrl-S on a PC or Command-S on a macOS system", "02QG5YXR9ro-00170-00083568-00083992": "to do a save which saves the actual web page on my computer.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00171-00084048-00084424": "But what I wanted to do is send the data I filled out on the", "02QG5YXR9ro-00172-00084424-00084872": "web page to the server. Make sure you click the button", "02QG5YXR9ro-00173-00084872-00085272": "shown as either Submit or Save to send data back to the server.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00174-00085272-00085752": "Cookies are small text files a website may place on YOUR computer", "02QG5YXR9ro-00175-00085752-00086216": "or device when you visit. Cookies help the website to recognize", "02QG5YXR9ro-00176-00086216-00086736": "your device the next time you visit. Cookies serve many functions.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00177-00086736-00087216": "For example, they can help a company remember your username and preferences, analyze", "02QG5YXR9ro-00178-00087216-00087768": "how well sites are performing, or allow them to recommend content they believe", "02QG5YXR9ro-00179-00087768-00088304": "will be most relevant to you. The majority of websites use cookies", "02QG5YXR9ro-00180-00088304-00088664": "to collect and retain personal information about their visitors.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00181-00088728-00089264": "Most cookies collect general information, such as how visitors arrive at and use", "02QG5YXR9ro-00182-00089264-00089840": "a site, the device they are using, their IP address, what pages are being viewed", "02QG5YXR9ro-00183-00089840-00090256": "and their approximate physical location such as city, state or country.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00184-00090256-00090720": "Cookies can be used to monitor web site performance, remember your preferences,", "02QG5YXR9ro-00185-00090720-00091224": "or customize advertising campaigns based on what you have looked at before.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00186-00091224-00091592": "For more information about cookies and how to manage them, visit: www", "02QG5YXR9ro-00187-00091592-00092368": "allaboutcookies.org Typically, data is routed through six to eight different", "02QG5YXR9ro-00188-00092368-00092696": "computers as it passes between the browser and the server.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00189-00092752-00093208": "This has provided hackers the opportunity to capture and save sensitive data", "02QG5YXR9ro-00190-00093208-00093664": "such as bank or payment information. This is sometimes referred to as", "02QG5YXR9ro-00191-00093664-00094392": "the 'man in the middle attack'. Now most web traffic uses the HTTPS protocol", "02QG5YXR9ro-00192-00094392-00094880": "where the S stands for 'secure'. Communications are encrypted using", "02QG5YXR9ro-00193-00094880-00095320": "Transport Layer Security (TLS). The protocol is referred to as", "02QG5YXR9ro-00194-00095320-00095992": "HTTP over TLS or just HTTPS. Depending on how much room is in", "02QG5YXR9ro-00195-00095992-00096448": "the web browser's address bar, it will either display the URL starting", "02QG5YXR9ro-00196-00096448-00097184": "with http:// or https://. The symbol of a closed lock is", "02QG5YXR9ro-00197-00097184-00097592": "also used to indicate that the web communication is encrypted.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00198-00097712-00098200": "Another way of hiding your communications is through a Virtual Private Network.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00199-00098200-00098584": "The VPN connects your computer to a server on the Internet", "02QG5YXR9ro-00200-00098584-00099120": "using the VPN's connection. For example if the VPN server is in", "02QG5YXR9ro-00201-00099120-00099496": "another country, it will appear that you are coming from that country", "02QG5YXR9ro-00202-00099496-00099984": "instead of where you actually are. This can also be helpful if", "02QG5YXR9ro-00203-00099984-00100360": "you are connecting to the Internet through a public Wi-Fi.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00204-00100360-00100744": "VPNs are used by many companies when employees are working from home.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00205-00100800-00101264": "The VPN can make it appear that the employees are actually using a computer", "02QG5YXR9ro-00206-00101264-00101656": "located at the company when really they could be many miles away.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00207-00101784-00102176": "You may want to check some articles on the web about the advantages", "02QG5YXR9ro-00208-00102176-00102640": "of using a VPN if you are on a shared Wi-Fi or student network.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00209-00102768-00103248": "Most network connected computers keep a history in a 'log file' to keep track of", "02QG5YXR9ro-00210-00103248-00103696": "the communications that have occurred. These log files are very important when", "02QG5YXR9ro-00211-00103696-00104080": "technicians need to find out what went wrong when the network is not working.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00212-00104183-00104544": "One time a student wanted to get his girlfriend out of a Cosmetology", "02QG5YXR9ro-00213-00104544-00105352": "class early so he created a fake e-mail address DrDoom2@hotmail.com", "02QG5YXR9ro-00214-00105352-00105752": "without using his real name and sent a bomb threat to the college.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00215-00105816-00106256": "He was successful in his date. However, when the police contacted", "02QG5YXR9ro-00216-00106256-00106600": "Microsoft, they were able to see that the e-mail was sent from", "02QG5YXR9ro-00217-00106600-00107016": "an IP address at the college. The technicians at the college were", "02QG5YXR9ro-00218-00107016-00107448": "able to use that IP address to identify the actual computer.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00219-00107511-00107976": "It was in one of the open labs. The Police asked the lab supervisor", "02QG5YXR9ro-00220-00107976-00108440": "if they could identify who was sitting at the computer when the e-mail was sent.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00221-00108440-00108768": "They said, \"Oh yeah. He sits there most of the day\".", "02QG5YXR9ro-00222-00108768-00109048": "To make a long story short (ha ha)", "02QG5YXR9ro-00223-00109048-00109440": "I don't know what happened to him but he wasn't seen on campus after that.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00224-00109496-00109952": "Most browsers have a 'Private' or 'Incognito' mode that prevents any", "02QG5YXR9ro-00225-00109952-00110232": "browsing history from being saved by the browser.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00226-00110288-00110792": "However, this doesn't stop things being logged by the server.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00227-00110792-00111288": "Be careful of a sense of false security. I could probably go on for", "02QG5YXR9ro-00228-00111288-00111616": "a couple of hours talking about the web and web pages.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00229-00111616-00112016": "But I need to stop somewhere. I will have another discussion", "02QG5YXR9ro-00230-00112016-00112280": "that covers more detail on how the Internet works.", "02QG5YXR9ro-00231-00112335-00112664": "If you are really interested in creating web pages, look", "02QG5YXR9ro-00232-00112664-00113288": "for a class on web design. Bye for now."}}]