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+[{"audio_id": "0Jj5LhfDhxI", "text": {"0Jj5LhfDhxI-00000-00000500-00007663": "This ps foam food box machine production line includes three machines :", "0Jj5LhfDhxI-00001-00008483-00009160": "ps foam sheet machine", "0Jj5LhfDhxI-00002-00009593-00010296": "ps foam forming machine", "0Jj5LhfDhxI-00003-00010950-00011433": "plastic recycle machine and Auxiliary equipment:", "0Jj5LhfDhxI-00004-00011690-00012120": "booster pump", "0Jj5LhfDhxI-00005-00012213-00012679": "air compressor", "0Jj5LhfDhxI-00006-00012773-00015013": "cooling tower/chiller", "0Jj5LhfDhxI-00007-00015106-00016043": "butane bottle", "0Jj5LhfDhxI-00008-00016193-00022640": "we choose italy technology and professional sale service", "0Jj5LhfDhxI-00009-00022913-00024216": "welcome message me on whatsapp"}}, {"audio_id": "0Jm6gtiZ8QM", "text": {"0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00000-00000022-00000160": "Heidi Rehm: Thank you for having me.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00001-00000160-00000479": "So I was asked to give some of the laboratory perspective.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00002-00000479-00000999": "My background is as a board-certified clinical laboratory geneticist, and I direct the Laboratory", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00003-00000999-00001473": "for Molecular Medicine at the Partners Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine under Scott", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00004-00001473-00001677": "Weiss’s leadership.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00005-00001677-00002288": "And we are in the process of developing a genomic sequencing clinical service through", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00006-00002288-00002425": "our CLIA lab.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00007-00002425-00002866": "We’re working closely with our geneticists' clinics, and Mike Murray from the Brigham", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00008-00002866-00003373": "is here, in terms of the up-front and return of results environment.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00009-00003373-00003846": "Our main focus, in terms of the expertise that we have and our strength, is really focusing", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00010-00003846-00004353": "on the data analysis interpretation piece, and initially, we will outsource the technical", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00011-00004353-00004873": "component for the whole genome sequencing, although we are developing the exome sequencing", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00012-00004873-00005193": "capability in our clinical lab as well.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00013-00005193-00005619": "So most of our effort has been surrounding the enormous computational challenges surrounding", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00014-00005619-00006120": "variant annotation, filtration, and really, although we’ve done evidence-based variant", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00015-00006120-00006640": "assessment for 10 years in the context of doing clinical sequencing, scaling that to", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00016-00006640-00006975": "address the genome is, of course, another order of magnitude.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00017-00006975-00007589": "We’re also working closely, using our GeneInsight software that we’ve developed over the last", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00018-00007589-00008119": "eight years, to support clinical reporting of sequenced data, and expanding that to support", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00019-00008119-00008379": "genomic interpretation.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00020-00008379-00008892": "We have a -- I'm working with a U01-funded grant that Robert Green is the PI of called", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00021-00008892-00009435": "MedSeq, where we will sequence 100 whole genomes through that effort, half with cardiomyopathy,", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00022-00009435-00009918": "half with healthy patients, and are really, you know, working on the development of the", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00023-00009918-00010460": "general genome report in terms of general information from every patient, as well as", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00024-00010460-00011000": "disease-specific reports looking at primary indication and using orthogonal confirmation", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00025-00011000-00011452": "of those results in the CLIA setting, and also working closely in terms of integration", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00026-00011452-00011621": "of this infrastructure into our EHR.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00027-00011621-00011959": "And I’ll talk about a number of these pieces.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00028-00011959-00012374": "And I really want to broaden this, not just to the things that we’re doing but issues", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00029-00012374-00012717": "that are common across many groups that are working in the space.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00030-00012717-00013201": "And I sort of put my punch list of some of the key challenges in the clinical implementation", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00031-00013201-00013490": "of whole exome and genome sequencing on this list.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00032-00013490-00013862": "I think we’re all aware that sequencing technologies are changing very rapidly, and", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00033-00013862-00014181": "so picking a time point to implement a certain technology is challenging.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00034-00014181-00014593": "And that was one of the reasons we chose to initially outsource that component, work on", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00035-00014593-00015084": "the interpretive piece, which is really the most challenging part, and then bring the", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00036-00015084-00015501": "technology in later at whatever point it had evolved to.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00037-00015501-00015904": "The computation requirements are obviously unprecedented in terms of the large data sets", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00038-00015904-00016056": "we’re working with.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00039-00016056-00016614": "In the clinical implementation of this, it’s not yet ready to just use the data as is.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00040-00016614-00017086": "There is still a need to confirm the results, and unfortunately, they all can’t be confirmed", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00041-00017086-00017565": "by one method, depending on whether you’re talking about point mutations, copy number", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00042-00017565-00017901": "variants, et cetera, or low-level variants and somatic variation.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00043-00017901-00018301": "And so different approaches to how we think about the confirmation process, hoping that", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00044-00018301-00018648": "at some point we won’t have to do this, but it’s still there now.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00045-00018648-00019192": "And also as we implement these technologies in the clinical setting, we need to both address", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00046-00019192-00019780": "the fact that there are existing very high-quality tests that are targeted, yet we also want", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00047-00019780-00020205": "to take advantage of the rest of the genome, and so how do we balance that in terms of", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00048-00020205-00020640": "the fact that the genomic approaches don’t have the level of quality that our targeted", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00049-00020640-00020754": "tests do.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00050-00020754-00021093": "And we still -- we want both components of that, and I’ll talk a little bit more about", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00051-00021093-00021198": "that.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00052-00021198-00021532": "In the CESAR meeting that some of us were in, we spent a lot of time thinking about", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00053-00021532-00021834": "secondary findings, which are appropriate to return and which are not, and that’s", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00054-00021834-00022162": "a big area under discussion.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00055-00022162-00022576": "Updating results over time and, you know, patients, ideally, may only get their genome", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00056-00022576-00022768": "sequenced once, but the knowledge changes.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00057-00022768-00022868": "How do we address that?", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00058-00022868-00023177": "And I’ll talk a little bit, some of the strategies we worked on.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00059-00023177-00023765": "And probably for me the biggest challenge is that human variation is enormous and rare,", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00060-00023765-00024163": "and understanding the phenotypes associated with it will be challenging and will require", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00061-00024163-00024365": "great structure and data sharing, I think.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00062-00024365-00024748": "And I’ll talk at length about some of the strategies we’re thinking about.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00063-00024748-00025331": "I do want to point out that the ACMG came out with a policy statement surrounding the", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00064-00025331-00025660": "use of genomic sequencing that’s on the websites.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00065-00025660-00026013": "And I’m not going to go into all of the detail here, but I will say that the board", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00066-00026013-00026708": "has been fairly forward-thinking about embracing this in the clinical arena, not only for diagnostic", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00067-00026708-00027267": "environments but also even in screening, recognizing the use in pre-conception screening, and even", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00068-00027267-00027667": "in healthy individuals if there’s a high threshold for what you return back to the", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00069-00027667-00028160": "patient, though not, obviously, supporting it yet in a prenatal or first tier newborn", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00070-00028160-00028329": "screening environment.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00071-00028329-00028782": "A number of recommendations in that just four-page statement that came out.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00072-00028782-00029229": "One thing that will be a theme for me is this last statement here, “labs should share", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00073-00029229-00029669": "genomic data into public databases,” and I’ll talk a little bit more about efforts", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00074-00029669-00029769": "there.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00075-00029769-00030307": "There are two work groups that are diving deeper into some of the aspects of these topics.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00076-00030307-00030755": "One is a secondary findings workgroup that’s chaired by Robert Green and Les Biesecker,", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00077-00030755-00031283": "and we’ve been working on trying to define recommendations for what to return to patients.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00078-00031283-00031895": "I’m also chairing, along with Pinar Bayrak-Toydemir, a standards and guidelines work group addressing", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00079-00031895-00032319": "the laboratory standards for how we implement both targeted and next-gen sequencing, whole", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00080-00032319-00032769": "exome sequencing, and whole genome sequencing into a CLIA lab environment.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00081-00032769-00033143": "And we have a draft now that we’re still working through the last details before we", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00082-00033143-00033604": "start disseminating it to the community for feedback.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00083-00033604-00033893": "One of the challenges in the clinical lab is we’d like to develop, and we have to", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00084-00033893-00034337": "for CLIA standards, clear SOP so that every test is run the same.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00085-00034337-00034689": "In genomic sequencing, you really don’t want to run every test the same.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00086-00034689-00035264": "Each family will have a different assumption about inheritance pattern, different approaches,", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00087-00035264-00035608": "different family members available, and different strategies, and that it makes it challenging", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00088-00035608-00036131": "to implement this in a clinical lab where you really want to have very defined workloads.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00089-00036131-00036584": "And as I mentioned earlier, the technology still isn’t perfect, so how do we get the", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00090-00036584-00036952": "technology to a level that is appropriate for clinical efforts?", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00091-00036952-00037451": "In terms of genome sequencing, well, we can maybe supplement that with an exome to add", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00092-00037451-00038090": "better depth in the exonic regions that are most looked at from an interpretation standpoint.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00093-00038090-00038519": "And some of us are thinking about supplementing whole exome with the clinical exome -- those", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00094-00038519-00038900": "genes already known to be associated with disease -- to have higher quality data for", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00095-00038900-00039355": "those critical regions, even using multiple technologies because each has different error", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00096-00039355-00039969": "platforms, specific errors, and all strategies to think about how to best effectively incorporate", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00097-00039969-00040552": "this into a clinical environment so that the technical quality’s appropriate.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00098-00040552-00041055": "In our lab, we do a lot of targeted next-gen sequencing, and for every test we run, we", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00099-00041055-00041559": "fill in every last base with Sanger if anything’s missed, so that at the end, whatever the gene", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00100-00041559-00041968": "content of that test is, we have been able to cover it at 100 percent.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00101-00041968-00042458": "Of course, that adds significant labor and cost to that process as we iteratively fill", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00102-00042458-00042945": "in with Sanger as well as confirm all of the variants by Sanger sequencing.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00103-00042945-00043484": "And although this is not a reasonable approach to fill in every last space for a whole exome", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00104-00043484-00044015": "or genome, many of us that are using this, even in disease-targeted context, still realize", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00105-00044015-00044332": "there’s critical content that has to be there for every patient.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00106-00044332-00044825": "So these types of strategies for targeted are also being, you know, implemented, even", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00107-00044825-00045163": "in the whole exome and genome approaches that groups are taking.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00108-00045163-00045795": "And, of course, adding custom design for confirmatory testing is yet another added challenge to", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00109-00045795-00046264": "this work flow that is difficult in the clinical lab, but something we’re working on for", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00110-00046264-00046593": "our whole genome approaches.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00111-00046593-00047086": "The other challenge that we struggle with and have for many years is assessing the evidence", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00112-00047086-00047436": "of variants when there’s often very little evidence there.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00113-00047436-00047835": "We time our fellows, who are the first tier of assessing variants, how long it takes per", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00114-00047835-00048098": "variant that we report out in a clinical context.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00115-00048098-00048469": "If there’s no data out there at all, it takes, on average, 20 minutes to search every", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00116-00048469-00049021": "database and look at in silico data, and up to an average of two hours per variant when", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00117-00049021-00049206": "there are publications.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00118-00049206-00049621": "This is obviously dealing with rare variation, not the level of complexity if you were to", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00119-00049621-00050026": "evaluate a GUS-type variant that has lots of literature on it.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00120-00050026-00050544": "And we do about 300 of these a month in our clinical lab, in terms of reporting out the", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00121-00050544-00050989": "clinical significance of rare variation that may be clinically relevant, and then that", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00122-00050989-00051399": "data’s reviewed by counselors as they draft reports, the geneticists who sign it out,", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00123-00051399-00051578": "for our somatic cancer; also, pathologists.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00124-00051578-00052020": "There’s a lot of labor that goes into this process in evaluating the evidence for a variant", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00125-00052020-00052325": "before it goes on a clinical report.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00126-00052325-00052661": "And the challenge here, and, you know, I’ve been collecting some data on certain tests", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00127-00052661-00053116": "that we run, so this is for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, one of our gene panels.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00128-00053116-00053676": "We’ve tested 3,000 cases to date, found over 500 clinically significant mutations.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00129-00053676-00054238": "Two-thirds of them have been unique to a family, so in many cases we get one shot at this.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00130-00054238-00054617": "You can’t just wait around for the literature to come out on your variant, because often", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00131-00054617-00054767": "it’s not going to be there ever.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00132-00054767-00055114": "So this is a huge challenge in the clinical laboratory environment.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00133-00055114-00055554": "You know, people say, you know, don’t put it in a clinical lab until it’s well-established.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00134-00055554-00056123": "Well, sequencing breaks all of those rules, because we find novel variation every day.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00135-00056123-00056281": "In hearing loss, it’s even worse.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00136-00056281-00056698": "Eighty percent of the variants are unique to a family with the data we have to date.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00137-00056698-00056945": "So this presents a challenge.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00138-00056945-00057516": "My variant data problem, you know, we do have public data on variants largely in databases", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00139-00057516-00058162": "like dbSNP, the ESP cohort that’s now available, and that’s very useful for general population", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00140-00058162-00058620": "frequency data, but it’s largely unannotated with respect to clinical relevance.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00141-00058620-00059092": "The data that is annotated with respect to pathogenicity is usually comes from initial", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00142-00059092-00059444": "research studies, these LOCUS-specific databases that are out there.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00143-00059444-00059655": "Unfortunately, a lot of that data is in error.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00144-00059655-00059916": "Large enough controls were not tested.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00145-00059916-00060420": "There’s publications coming out that, you know, upwards of over a quarter of that data", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00146-00060420-00060719": "is just wrong in terms of its assumptions.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00147-00060719-00061187": "So we really need to get larger data sets to make effective understanding of variation.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00148-00061187-00061599": "And a lot of that data, actually, today, the best data that we do have access to, or I", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00149-00061599-00062067": "should say, that is in existence, is in clinical labs and is not well-published or available", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00150-00062067-00062286": "to all us in the public domain.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00151-00062286-00062713": "So we have been working to try and come up with ways to solve this.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00152-00062713-00063073": "It’s a little awkward to talk about this because it’s a grant under review, but I", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00153-00063073-00063686": "think the principles are still common to all of us, and so I want to talk about them as", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00154-00063686-00064148": "things we should all think about, whether it’s our grant or other approaches, or ideally", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00155-00064148-00064248": "both.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00156-00064248-00064788": "So, you know, we need to come up with standards in the community in terms of even how we -- the", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00157-00064788-00065348": "terms we use to assess variation, the rules to evaluate evidence for those variants, and", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00158-00065348-00065513": "how we think about them.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00159-00065513-00065706": "And bring data together, you know.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00160-00065706-00066110": "And when this project started there was a group that thought there should be a separate", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00161-00066110-00066513": "clinical-grade variant database, separate from the other databases we have.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00162-00066513-00066994": "The challenge is most of the variants are on some continuum of knowledge and constantly", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00163-00066994-00067370": "evolving, and it’s very difficult to say a variant should be -- is ready for the clinical-grade", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00164-00067370-00067657": "database versus it’s still in the research environment.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00165-00067657-00068037": "I think everything, at some level, is still in the research environment as we learn more", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00166-00068037-00068137": "about it.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00167-00068137-00068438": "So my hope is that all of this data will be in the same place.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00168-00068438-00068941": "We, in clinical labs, use research databases all the time and vice versa, so the goal is", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00169-00068941-00069539": "to put it all together, get data out of clinical labs into the public domain, out of LOCUS-specific", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00170-00069539-00070006": "efforts, as well as the uncurated population data that’s coming from large studies.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00171-00070006-00070485": "Put it in the same place, and then enable expert groups to, through evidence-based and", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00172-00070485-00071024": "consensus models, arrive at what our best guess is for those variants.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00173-00071024-00071376": "And then that, you know, has a better opportunity to be used in the clinical environment than", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00174-00071376-00071619": "what we have access today.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00175-00071619-00072045": "And the project that we had proposed, we’re working closely with NCBI, to put this data", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00176-00072045-00072516": "in the ClinVar database so that we can ensure that it’s in the public domain, working", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00177-00072516-00072948": "with other efforts that are already working in this space but trying to expand it and", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00178-00072948-00073307": "consolidate it into one place.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00179-00073307-00073769": "We are working closely with the ISCA Consortium that David Ledbetter initiated several years", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00180-00073769-00074263": "ago to try and get copy number variation data out of clinical labs into the public domain,", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00181-00074263-00074823": "and they’ve been very successful with over 30,000 cases to date in dbVar, accessible", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00182-00074823-00075082": "to anyone who wants that information.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00183-00075082-00075605": "And that -- we’ve learned a lot from their efforts, and we’re now joining forces in", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00184-00075605-00076049": "a combined grant to try and expand this to include molecular data.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00185-00076049-00076456": "And I, you know, I was concerned about the willingness of clinical labs and even commercial", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00186-00076456-00076739": "labs to want to put this data in the public domain.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00187-00076739-00077143": "It’s often considered their proprietary data.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00188-00077143-00077533": "But I’ve been pleasantly surprised that many, many labs have agreed to participate", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00189-00077533-00077633": "in this project.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00190-00077633-00078099": "There’s only three that have so far declined -- Myriad, Prevention Genetics, and Medical", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00191-00078099-00078627": "Neurogenetics -- but many of these labs, and you’ll see commercial labs here as well,", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00192-00078627-00078938": "have agreed to participate in this effort and are willing to put this data in.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00193-00078938-00079338": "The challenge is it does require resources to get that data out of their systems, to", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00194-00079338-00079718": "have it all structured in the same way, and be able to put it in the public domain.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00195-00079718-00080230": "And so that’s something that we, as a community, need to figure out how to support, when labs", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00196-00080230-00080519": "are willing to share this data.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00197-00080519-00080982": "Another challenge that I alluded to earlier is how do we update this data over time?", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00198-00080982-00081463": "The clinical labs face this as an enormous challenge today with sequencing in the clinical", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00199-00081463-00082054": "context, and there’s no -- there's no billing mechanism to be able to reinterpret reports.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00200-00082054-00082537": "It’s just done, for the few labs that actually do it, it’s done free of charge, in essence,", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00201-00082537-00082754": "and that’s not a sustainable model.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00202-00082754-00083145": "We need to figure out how to do this more efficiently, and the guidelines from the American", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00203-00083145-00083542": "College of Genetics are that we should be doing this, but most labs are not.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00204-00083542-00083737": "So how do we update data over time?", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00205-00083737-00084236": "And I’ve been looking at our data over the course of a number of years of reporting on", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00206-00084236-00084669": "many different diseases, in this case hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and how we have changed the", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00207-00084669-00084937": "categories as we’ve learned new things over time.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00208-00084937-00085482": "And over a five-year period we had changed categories 300 times with different variants", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00209-00085482-00086008": "and different knowledge that was acquired in both directions, going from benign to pathogenic", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00210-00086008-00086183": "and vice versa.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00211-00086183-00086838": "And we just published some of this data about this sort of arena this past month, and about", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00212-00086838-00087420": "4 percent of a physician’s reports per year need to be updated, so it’s a pretty significant", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00213-00087420-00087564": "challenge for us.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00214-00087564-00088135": "We ended up developing a clinic interface to our laboratory software, where the physician", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00215-00088135-00088717": "can go in, get access to their patient reports in electronic form, and the variants are structured", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00216-00088717-00088870": "and connected to our variant database.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00217-00088870-00089337": "So if we update, if I go in and update a variant, maybe in the context of signing out a new", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00218-00089337-00089882": "report, then that automatically will update the variant in the physician’s system.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00219-00089882-00090323": "And today they actually get an email alert, without PHI, but a link that lands them on", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00220-00090323-00090711": "this page and tells them what the variant information that changed, and so they can", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00221-00090711-00091122": "see that information, they can click on the variant, and read the evidence that was the", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00222-00091122-00091275": "basis for that change.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00223-00091275-00091664": "And so this, you know, I could just approve a variant and 1,000 reports could get updated", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00224-00091664-00092189": "in seconds, and that makes it much more efficient, to be able to do that and support patient", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00225-00092189-00092338": "-- improve patient care.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00226-00092338-00092824": "And this activity has been the subject of an NIH challenge grant that David Bates is", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00227-00092824-00093416": "the PI of, to look at the usability of the system by physicians, particularly physicians", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00228-00093416-00093823": "who have never had any training in it, and how easily can they just go in and figure", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00229-00093823-00094248": "it out, and get the updates, and know what’s happened, and grading them on certain tasks,", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00230-00094248-00094348": "et cetera.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00231-00094348-00094798": "And overall -- and I was a little concerned about the system, and that in giving all this", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00232-00094798-00095125": "very efficient updating, that the physicians would come back and say, great, now can you", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00233-00095125-00095469": "go amend that report for me and sign it out again?", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00234-00095469-00095644": "And they haven’t largely done that.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00235-00095644-00096005": "They’ve been satisfied with the system delivery and the updated information.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00236-00096005-00096419": "They can print it out and put it in a patient chart if they want to, and we haven’t really", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00237-00096419-00096539": "had to amend reports.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00238-00096539-00097164": "So that’s been a great system for us to support this process and improve patient care.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00239-00097164-00097612": "Now as we think about expanding these types of systems into genomic medicine, where we’re", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00240-00097612-00097993": "dealing with the whole genome, obviously, we can’t ping the physician every time one", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00241-00097993-00098202": "of those three million variants changes.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00242-00098202-00098302": "It’s knowledge.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00243-00098302-00098727": "So there’s got to be more infrastructure to support who gets what alerts, or do you", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00244-00098727-00099304": "deliver alerts at all, or do you allow just real-time engagement of that data in clinical", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00245-00099304-00099445": "decision support paradigms.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00246-00099445-00099863": "And so these are all things that we’re thinking and enabling within the Partners Healthcare", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00247-00099863-00100279": "EMR environment in discussing how to do this best, with what strategies.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00248-00100279-00100706": "We’ve also been talking to the -- so we disabled the alerting mechanism in the oncology", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00249-00100706-00101316": "domain because somatic tumors, those tumors that are genetics-evolved, and updating years", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00250-00101316-00101498": "later is not useful.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00251-00101498-00101955": "But they have asked us about using the same environment to deliver clinical trial notification,", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00252-00101955-00102285": "which is, of course, very common within the oncology domain.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00253-00102285-00102827": "So we’ve been thinking about expanding this infrastructure to support those types of activities.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00254-00102827-00103263": "You know, when we originally developed this infrastructure, we built a network hub to", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00255-00103263-00103747": "enable many labs to communicate to many health care organizations so everybody didn’t have", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00256-00103747-00104190": "to build interfaces to every lab, because that’s expensive architecture, to allow", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00257-00104190-00104743": "knowledge sources and labs to share data amongst themselves but still maintain their own interpretations", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00258-00104743-00104843": "of data.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00259-00104843-00105266": "We’ve talked with Illumina about bringing their CLIA whole genome lab onto this network,", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00260-00105266-00105796": "being able to robustly share data, and we are rolling out the infrastructure to support", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00261-00105796-00106346": "this this month, where labs who agree to share their data can show the variant interpretations", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00262-00106346-00106588": "that they have on a variant-specific level.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00263-00106588-00107001": "You can click on lab X’s variant, see what they say about that variant, how many cases", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00264-00107001-00107420": "they’ve had, what the literature is that supports that, and labs can be able to sort", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00265-00107420-00107933": "of import other labs’ interpretations into their system, enabling a much richer sharing", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00266-00107933-00108033": "of data.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00267-00108033-00108582": "We also have enabled case history sharing, so if I have all of my cases I’ve ever seen", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00268-00108582-00108988": "in my system, I can allow that data to be shared with another lab, and we strip all", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00269-00108988-00109465": "the PHI off of that, so that if I go into my system I can see my cases with all PHI", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00270-00109465-00110089": "in there, but then I can see de-identified cases with some clinical information and which", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00271-00110089-00110489": "variants were found in each case, and be able to see that across all the data sets sort", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00272-00110489-00110703": "of being shared in that environment.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00273-00110703-00111033": "And so we hope that that will enable a richer understanding of this, particularly as we", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00274-00111033-00111499": "try to address the challenges of rare variation interpretation.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00275-00111499-00112099": "This gene insight system is now being integrated into our EHR environment so that it will become", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00276-00112099-00112586": "-- right now it’s been a stand-alone, web-based interface, and that allows us to easily roll", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00277-00112586-00113028": "it out to any physician around the world who doesn’t even have an EMR.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00278-00113028-00113486": "But we feel like it’s more powerful if we can truly integrate it into the EHR environment", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00279-00113486-00113998": "so it’s the same face that any physician logging into their patient electronic health", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00280-00113998-00114114": "record will see.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00281-00114114-00114361": "So that, by the end of this month, will be integrated into the Partners’ EHR.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00282-00114361-00114829": "It will be Partners’ Clinical Genetic Data Repository, is sort of what it’s being called.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00283-00114829-00115275": "The same infrastructure and structure data is being pushed into the research patient", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00284-00115275-00115773": "data registry so that our RPDR that we use today for a lot of clinical research will", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00285-00115773-00116173": "have structured genetic data within it, and that’s obviously supporting many millions", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00286-00116173-00116452": "of patients within the Partners’ health care environment.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00287-00116452-00116908": "There’s another effort that Scott is leading in terms of the biorepository, consenting", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00288-00116908-00117339": "thousands of patients that walk in the door of Partners Health Care, to share, to sign", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00289-00117339-00117897": "up for the biorepository and consenting to broad use of that, of that data and their", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00290-00117897-00118075": "sample.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00291-00118075-00118732": "And we would like to engage other groups in thinking about this data sharing environment,", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00292-00118732-00119159": "for one of the, perhaps, one of the demonstration pilot projects to be able to use this infrastructure.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00293-00119159-00119615": "If labs or groups are interested in getting onto a network and sharing data, we’d be", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00294-00119615-00120092": "happy to talk with others who might be interested in that and coming together for one of those", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00295-00120092-00120201": "projects.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00296-00120201-00120301": "And that’s all.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00297-00120301-00120697": "I thank some of the groups that have worked on some of the projects I spoke to, and I’d", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00298-00120697-00120963": "be happy to entertain any questions.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00299-00120963-00121072": "Marc?", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00300-00121072-00121629": "Marc Williams: I think it’s really excellent, the work", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00301-00121629-00121849": "that’s been done to try and aggregate information.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00302-00121849-00122267": "I’d had one comment, and I want to pose a question to some of our payer representatives", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00303-00122267-00122367": "here.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00304-00122367-00122914": "So the comment is that is one of the benefits that has been touted for whole genome is the", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00305-00122914-00123467": "fact that you only need to it once, and that, you know, then this information can be repurposed.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00306-00123467-00123851": "I think you very eloquently stated that there is, in fact, work involved with that that", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00307-00123851-00124439": "could lead to cost and reimbursement issues down the road, and so perhaps we shouldn’t", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00308-00124439-00124990": "be quite so forthcoming about the idea of saying this is a one-time cost and then, you", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00309-00124990-00125194": "know, it’s basically free to use the information.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00310-00125194-00125734": "I think that’s going to generate some very interesting models about how do we actually", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00311-00125734-00126090": "reimburse for the updating, and maintenance, and that.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00312-00126090-00126520": "But probably beyond the scope of a five-minute discussion.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00313-00126520-00126932": "The specific question that I would like to pose to our payer representatives is this", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00314-00126932-00127260": "issue of the labs that won’t play.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00315-00127260-00127728": "And I’m glad to hear that there's a very small number, but clearly for this to work,", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00316-00127728-00128155": "I mean, I think we have to have all people, you know, being willing to put their data", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00317-00128155-00128373": "in so that we can all benefit from that.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00318-00128373-00128883": "Is there a mechanism in the reimbursement side where if we set aside those that are", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00319-00128883-00129548": "sole source providers, like PRC, where there’s patent issues, but in situations where laboratories", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00320-00129548-00129766": "say, \"Well, that’s our information, it’s proprietary, we’re going to use that to", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00321-00129766-00130190": "be competitive,\" the payer could say, \"Guess what?", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00322-00130190-00130577": "We’ll use somebody else that’s going to contribute data because in the long run that’s", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00323-00130577-00130710": "best for our patients.\"", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00324-00130710-00131069": "Because it’s only that economic pressure that will ultimately, I think, get them to", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00325-00131069-00131169": "pay.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00326-00131169-00131360": "Is that a mechanism that would be possible to explore?", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00327-00131360-00131742": "Female Speaker: Well, that’s a complicated question.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00328-00131742-00132262": "You know, a business relationship with a lab, especially a national lab, is based on lots", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00329-00132262-00132746": "of factors, mostly economic, so I think you’re not going to impale yourself on a stake over", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00330-00132746-00132917": "that issue.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00331-00132917-00133259": "Although the big national labs, I notice, are on the list there, so it’s the smaller", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00332-00133259-00133690": "players that, you know, I think, that you’re talking about.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00333-00133690-00134102": "And usually the relationships with the labs are over, sort of, quality and economics,", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00334-00134102-00134265": "not this level of data sharing.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00335-00134265-00134821": "So I think probably you’d have to spend some time thinking about that.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00336-00134821-00135612": "Now we do actually receive lab data from our labs, again, in the molecular pathology codes", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00337-00135612-00135742": "are all these stack codes.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00338-00135742-00136262": "Again, when we get more specificity over those things, we will be getting, you know, specific", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00339-00136262-00136850": "data, and I’d be curious about what the LabCorps representative has to say about that.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00340-00136850-00137123": "So it can be the payer that’s sharing the data, as a pass-through.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00341-00137123-00137464": "Female Speaker: I’ll be talking about reimbursement in my", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00342-00137464-00137960": "talk, and some of the new changes to reimbursement and what impacts they might have.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00343-00137960-00138548": "Marc Williams: One other thought on this, and particularly", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00344-00138548-00138988": "for the Medicare program, there’s tools other than, you know, directly reimbursement,", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00345-00138988-00139494": "that, you know, might be explored as ways to encourage data sharing.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00346-00139494-00139988": "So, for example, there’s all the conditions of participation that make providers, you", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00347-00139988-00140594": "know, eligible for reimbursement and, you know, there’s all sorts of sort of regulatory", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00348-00140594-00141091": "policies throughout Medicare in addition to, you know, the sort of individual reimbursement", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00349-00141091-00141692": "for tests that, you know, might be explored as ways of, you know, encouraging that kind", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00350-00141692-00141823": "of behavior.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00351-00141823-00142252": "But that’s just Medicare, not necessarily private payers, but something to look into,", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00352-00142252-00142853": "and wasn’t my area of expertise at Medicare, so other folks would have to be, you know,", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00353-00142853-00142953": "asked about it.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00354-00142953-00143175": "Male Speaker: I’m curious --", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00355-00143175-00143466": "Female Speaker: Certainly one could imagine the request that’s", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00356-00143466-00143914": "made during a contract negotiation that this would be a, sort of, a standard that one was", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00357-00143914-00144097": "expected to follow.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00358-00144097-00144600": "Male Speaker: I’m curious about John Harley’s Cincinnati", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00359-00144600-00145084": "Children’s, about you have 300 cases in which you’ve already done exome sequencing,", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00360-00145084-00145440": "and that’s all done outside the institution.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00361-00145440-00145884": "What level of data preservation are you using?", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00362-00145884-00146365": "Are you saving the original data, the terabytes, the five terabytes that you get back from", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00363-00146365-00146955": "each subject, creating something that’s a petabyte and a half that you have to store?", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00364-00146955-00147554": "Or are you storing just the final sequence and ignoring the possibility that someone", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00365-00147554-00147898": "would want to refilter that data from the beginning?", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00366-00147898-00148622": "And then how long can -- do you plan to keep that available for requerying and that sort", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00367-00148622-00148722": "of thing?", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00368-00148722-00148987": "Heidi Rehm: So just to clarify, I think the 300 up there", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00369-00148987-00149436": "was the number of novel variant assessments per month, but we haven’t done that many", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00370-00149436-00149574": "exome sequences.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00371-00149574-00149979": "But to address your question, which is a very good one, in terms of data storage.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00372-00149979-00150510": "So, we’ve addressed this in the laboratory standards that we’re developing for ACMG", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00373-00150510-00150965": "right now, in terms of data storage for next-gen sequencing, and the guideline that we put", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00374-00150965-00151572": "out is labs certainly don’t need to keep the raw image files, and that we recommend", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00375-00151572-00152228": "that labs keep the read-aligned files, or the BAM files, or the FASTQ files for a period", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00376-00152228-00152803": "of time, suggesting between one and two years, and then they keep the VCF file, the variant", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00377-00152803-00153040": "call files, indefinitely.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00378-00153040-00153482": "At this moment, as a suggested guideline, although a lot of state guidelines and CLIA", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00379-00153482-00153717": "guidelines may trump certain things.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00380-00153717-00153925": "So those are some basic guidance.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00381-00153925-00154589": "I don’t, you know, we do recognize the ability to realign data with better algorithms, and", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00382-00154589-00155042": "so not -- so wanting to keep the raw reads in a context and not just the aligned reads", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00383-00155042-00155448": "but the non-aligned reads as well so that they could be realigned.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00384-00155448-00155814": "But to keep them indefinitely, I think the technologies for sequencing are changing such", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00385-00155814-00156323": "that the raw technology is going to be improved such that two years later you’d probably", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00386-00156323-00156855": "still want to resequence, and the cost to store data is large enough that you have to", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00387-00156855-00157142": "balance the cost to store with the cost to redo it.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00388-00157142-00157489": "So there’s a lot of things in flux here, and I don’t think we can easily say this", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00389-00157489-00157987": "is exactly how you should do it, but we’re making some guidance so that labs that want", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00390-00157987-00158214": "guidance can have that.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00391-00158214-00158360": "But I still think it’s a moving target.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00392-00158360-00158741": "Male Speaker: Mary Relling, last question, and short answer.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00393-00158741-00159326": "I guess, okay, and Kelly, really short question and answer, and we’re going to have -- so", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00394-00159326-00159758": "I will claim credit or blame for the fact that there’re 20-minute talks and five-minute", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00395-00159758-00159873": "discussion periods.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00396-00159873-00160175": "We’re over, we’re eating into our break time.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00397-00160175-00160491": "That’s fine, because this is a really important part of the discussion.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00398-00160491-00160666": "So quick questions, quick answers.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00399-00160666-00161010": "Mary Relling: Can you help distinguish for me, because I", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00400-00161010-00161471": "totally understand sharing these variant data is super important, and we need to come up", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00401-00161471-00161733": "with a national or international resource.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00402-00161733-00162302": "What’s the distinction between sharing to GeneInsight versus sharing what you described", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00403-00162302-00162433": "in your U41/ClinVar?", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00404-00162433-00162639": "Heidi Rehm: Yup.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00405-00162639-00163338": "So, you know, it’s our hope that, like, for instance, myself, I use GeneInsight, but", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00406-00163338-00163762": "I’m going to be sharing all of that data into ClinVar that’s from my lab.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00407-00163762-00164287": "But there’s different data structures and capabilities that surround those data sets.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00408-00164287-00164936": "So, for instance, to be able to submit full genome data sets into NCBI they have to go", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00409-00164936-00165316": "into dbGaP, and there’s a lot of constraints around an access to that data.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00410-00165316-00165862": "In GeneInsight, which is a HIPAA-secure environment, because it’s within our Partners’ HIS", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00411-00165862-00166411": "system, we can allow patient information to be there and be shared a little more easily,", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00412-00166411-00166598": "so that’s one distinction.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00413-00166598-00167039": "Even though the variant level information I do hope that any lab sharing it within the", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00414-00167039-00167437": "GeneInsight network that we’re trying to set up would also then, they would be willing", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00415-00167437-00167558": "to submit that into ClinVar.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00416-00167558-00167959": "So, you know, I think it’s, at the end of the day, it’s multiple strategies hoping", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00417-00167959-00168367": "that we can succeed somewhere or in all of them.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00418-00168367-00168904": "But my real goal is to try and get everything as much as possible into the public domain,", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00419-00168904-00169388": "but the degree to which the full data structure that some of the more sophisticated IT systems", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00420-00169388-00169930": "can support, whether that’s ready and there already, it’s probably not there yet in", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00421-00169930-00170392": "ClinVar, but hopefully, over time, we can continue to enhance these systems to really", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00422-00170392-00170769": "take the full breadth of data that’s associated with cases and clinical data as well.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00423-00170769-00170891": "Male Speaker: Okay, so Kelly, Erwin, and then we’re going", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00424-00170891-00171107": "to go on.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00425-00171107-00171682": "Female Speaker: So, you have stated that --", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00426-00171682-00171782": "Female Speaker: Kelly, use your microphone, please.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00427-00171782-00171882": "Male Speaker: Microphone, please.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00428-00171882-00171982": "Heidi Rehm: Push that button, yeah.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00429-00171982-00172082": "Female Speaker: You state that about 66 percent of your variants", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00430-00172082-00172182": "had never been seen before.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00431-00172182-00172685": "If you suspect that these are involved in the patient’s condition, how do you return", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00432-00172685-00173046": "those information for inclusion in patient health care, or do you?", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00433-00173046-00173388": "Heidi Rehm: So, we do return any variant found during", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00434-00173388-00173912": "targeted testing, whether it’s a variant of unknown significance and marked as such", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00435-00173912-00174012": "on the report.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00436-00174012-00174524": "And the reason for that is we often try to encourage family member testing, because segregation", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00437-00174524-00174936": "for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a dominant disease, the best way to actually understand", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00438-00174936-00175336": "if we can get a live score that’s, you know, significant, that can guide us to calling", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00439-00175336-00175453": "it pathogenic.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00440-00175453-00175860": "So we’ll report those out, and we’ll often do free testing of family members to support", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00441-00175860-00176042": "that segregation aspect.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00442-00176042-00176434": "So we basically report what we know about a variant, and then over time we may learn", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00443-00176434-00176628": "from and increase that knowledge.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00444-00176628-00177017": "Male Speaker: So, I applaud you on the integration with", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00445-00177017-00177250": "the EMR, and that raises some questions.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00446-00177250-00177795": "One of them: Who actually makes the decision which variant gets into the EMR?", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00447-00177795-00178557": "And then, second, but equally important, the EMR, for any given patient, can be viewed", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00448-00178557-00179262": "by many people, you know, from students to nurses to dieticians to -- so, is there any", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00449-00179262-00179902": "way that you limit control, regulate access to who is going to actually see the genetic", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00450-00179902-00180060": "information within the EMR?", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00451-00180060-00180341": "Heidi Rehm: Yeah, so, to answer your first question, anything", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00452-00180341-00180832": "that we write on a clinical report would go into the EMR just like any other clinical", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00453-00180832-00181035": "report from any other system.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00454-00181035-00181483": "As far as access to that data once it’s in there, so we are actually constrained somewhat", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00455-00181483-00181987": "by Massachusetts state law that says that only the ordering physician can see data from", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00456-00181987-00182412": "a genetic test, if not done -- if done for screening purposes.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00457-00182412-00182805": "But we’ve got around that by consenting the patients to allow the entire health care", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00458-00182805-00183321": "institution to see that data, and there’s a balance there between restricting access", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00459-00183321-00183896": "for very specific situations versus what we believe is the need to have broader access", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00460-00183896-00184145": "to really engage this information in the care of a patient.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00461-00184145-00184564": "So we are leaning towards, much more towards the side of everyone should have access to", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00462-00184564-00185025": "this data, but there’s a long conversation there that gets into some more subtle things", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00463-00185025-00185227": "that we don’t have quite enough time for.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00464-00185227-00185373": "Get in trouble [laughs].", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00465-00185373-00185848": "Male Speaker: I have 25 more questions, but I’m going", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00466-00185848-00186166": "to take chair’s prerogative and tell myself to go away.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00467-00186166-00186673": "But, so that was a really great introduction to the kinds of things that we want to talk", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00468-00186673-00187141": "about over the next day and a half, so thank you, and the next speaker, Debra, is behind", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00469-00187141-00187241": "me.", "0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00470-00187241-00187242": "[end of transcript]"}}, {"audio_id": "0JSjd47Xbf0", "text": {"0JSjd47Xbf0-00000-00000004-00000796": "You think in Krakow only rubbish is thrown away???"}}, {"audio_id": "0Kh7HCe9A_M", "text": {"0Kh7HCe9A_M-00000-00001580-00002075": "Dolly is the first year media project of Blake Wood, and what we also believe is his first", "0Kh7HCe9A_M-00001-00002075-00002543": "attempt at coding. The game itself is a free to play platformer that takes about 10 minutes", "0Kh7HCe9A_M-00002-00002543-00003090": "to complete. It's brief, but the gently told story, art and environment take you on an", "0Kh7HCe9A_M-00003-00003090-00003300": "emotional and memorable journey.", "0Kh7HCe9A_M-00004-00003401-00003819": "The game begins on a pink screen and a heart rate monitor beats steadily in the background.", "0Kh7HCe9A_M-00005-00003819-00004264": "You're told that it's painful, but you need to give an answer, that it's the right thing", "0Kh7HCe9A_M-00006-00004264-00004800": "to do, for her sake and yours. It's little detail, but it speaks loudly.", "0Kh7HCe9A_M-00007-00005414-00005919": "The screen fades into this beautiful minimalist setup. You're this tiny black creature perched", "0Kh7HCe9A_M-00008-00005919-00006475": "on a giant head. A red sun hides behind the forest in the background. There's no instruction,", "0Kh7HCe9A_M-00009-00006475-00006973": "no guide to tell you what to do. You just wander off on your lonesome. The red sun watches", "0Kh7HCe9A_M-00010-00006973-00007500": "your first steps from afar. Perhaps you'll find something, maybe courage, maybe closure.", "0Kh7HCe9A_M-00011-00007670-00008108": "The platforming is simple with echoes of Super Meat Boy that are especially apparent in the", "0Kh7HCe9A_M-00012-00008108-00008695": "wall jumps. Along with the platforms you cross, there are little puzzles to solve. These challenges", "0Kh7HCe9A_M-00013-00008695-00009270": "may invoke a few retries, but never stutter your momentum. The environment takes a shape", "0Kh7HCe9A_M-00014-00009270-00009714": "akin to the start of a throat and then transitions into a long vertical stretch like an oesophagus.", "0Kh7HCe9A_M-00015-00009714-00010200": "You're going down into the body and to its depths. And surely there you will find an", "0Kh7HCe9A_M-00016-00010200-00010300": "answer.", "0Kh7HCe9A_M-00017-00010847-00011281": "Eventually you stumble upon a place up high with giant structures that further humble", "0Kh7HCe9A_M-00018-00011281-00011870": "your size. Climbing up the chain, you feel so small. Once you reach the top there are", "0Kh7HCe9A_M-00019-00011870-00012400": "clouds. Is this heaven? You solve the puzzle and the ground shakes fervently. The screen", "0Kh7HCe9A_M-00020-00012400-00012961": "turns black. It's silent at first, but then the heartbeat returns. It's as steady as before,", "0Kh7HCe9A_M-00021-00012961-00013150": "but slower, much slower.", "0Kh7HCe9A_M-00022-00013984-00014397": "You're returned to the start, and the landscape that once looked like a face now resembles", "0Kh7HCe9A_M-00023-00014397-00015115": "a skull. There's nothing to do, but continue onward. The red sun has grown larger. Red", "0Kh7HCe9A_M-00024-00015115-00015750": "is everywhere. It sits on the tips of spikes spelling danger. The transitions between stages", "0Kh7HCe9A_M-00025-00015750-00016333": "are sudden, like jump cuts or a skip in your heart. Is her heart skipping a beat? Is time", "0Kh7HCe9A_M-00026-00016333-00016881": "running out? You continue onward until you reach the slope of the mountain, as it steepens", "0Kh7HCe9A_M-00027-00016881-00017600": "you slow. The red descends and consumes the sky. The screen goes black again and  the heartbeat dwindles out.", "0Kh7HCe9A_M-00028-00018300-00018734": "Hopefully that gives you an idea of the game's experience. We personally found it very powerful.", "0Kh7HCe9A_M-00029-00018734-00019220": "We also had a chat with the developer, Blake. He told us the game is called Dolly after", "0Kh7HCe9A_M-00030-00019220-00019398": "the famous sheep clone. The girl with the heart beat was originally meant to be a clone,", "0Kh7HCe9A_M-00031-00019398-00019812": "but that part was cut out. If you play the game you will spot an animal with some horn", "0Kh7HCe9A_M-00032-00019812-00020265": "like features that reference it. He was also kind enough to tell us that the game actually", "0Kh7HCe9A_M-00033-00020265-00020725": "takes place inside the girl's head as she dies. That explains why the visuals get stripped", "0Kh7HCe9A_M-00034-00020725-00021099": "away and why we get the beautiful minimalist setting.", "0Kh7HCe9A_M-00035-00021099-00021498": "We'd also like to give a shout out to one of our viewers Mikee Loves Indie Games, who", "0Kh7HCe9A_M-00036-00021498-00021906": "was the one that got us onto Dolly. He actually makes videos too, and you might want to check", "0Kh7HCe9A_M-00037-00021906-00022308": "out his play through of Dolly. We'll have a link in the description.", "0Kh7HCe9A_M-00038-00022308-00022684": "That's the end of Dolly, and the end of us. Thanks for watching my name's Laurence, and", "0Kh7HCe9A_M-00039-00022684-00022964": "my name's Josh; we'll you next time here on indieformer."}}, {"audio_id": "0Km7fVKKLi4", "text": {"0Km7fVKKLi4-00000-00000442-00000811": "Click Start Button to Run Project", "0Km7fVKKLi4-00001-00000903-00001784": "This is Designer Have  Trial Watermark", "0Km7fVKKLi4-00002-00001832-00002606": "Add license.key File in Your Project", "0Km7fVKKLi4-00003-00002640-00004244": "Open Default.aspx.cs and Load license.key File", "0Km7fVKKLi4-00004-00004280-00004596": "Run Project", "0Km7fVKKLi4-00005-00004616-00005508": "No Trial Watermark in Web Designer"}}, {"audio_id": "0KzWhOzGTOM", "text": {"0KzWhOzGTOM-00000-00009624-00010288": "set me free why do i baby why do i love the way you", "0KzWhOzGTOM-00001-00011304-00011384": "love the always", "0KzWhOzGTOM-00002-00013344-00014184": "so", "0KzWhOzGTOM-00003-00025136-00025304": "why do i baby why", "0KzWhOzGTOM-00004-00026695-00028183": "leave me why do i baby", "0KzWhOzGTOM-00005-00028344-00029583": "feelings", "0KzWhOzGTOM-00006-00035280-00035872": "yeah everybody knows that i'm breaking down everybody knows i ain't faking now everybody knows", "0KzWhOzGTOM-00007-00035872-00036320": "my heart's faking now yeah she hates me now i made mistakes but now i don't ever want to be alone i", "0KzWhOzGTOM-00008-00036320-00036800": "don't really ever feel at home on my own in the zone that's the only way i know feeling low about", "0KzWhOzGTOM-00009-00036800-00037328": "to blow back up don't ever let the doubt creep in gotta pop a couple more restaurants i don't think", "0KzWhOzGTOM-00010-00037328-00037896": "i'll ever let you in easier to break it off as friends i don't really understand myself i don't", "0KzWhOzGTOM-00011-00037896-00040784": "really understand need help i don't want to be left on the shelf couldn't even hear me outside", "0KzWhOzGTOM-00012-00041016-00042184": "oh", "0KzWhOzGTOM-00013-00043360-00043768": "but i never let it take me to that place now i won't never let my thoughts get away now i got", "0KzWhOzGTOM-00014-00043768-00044200": "better things to do picking fate now i just wanna be the best call me great now i don't know if i'm", "0KzWhOzGTOM-00015-00044200-00044624": "okay or insane now i remember better days on the playground hoping i could find my way even when", "0KzWhOzGTOM-00016-00044624-00045160": "i'm facing down i fight even when i don't know what is right i'ma pick a side and i'ma take pride", "0KzWhOzGTOM-00017-00045160-00045624": "i will decide my fate and i will never let them tell me who i am if you try to shake", "0KzWhOzGTOM-00018-00045624-00046384": "me i'll be damned planted on the ground is where i stand never give up that was always", "0KzWhOzGTOM-00019-00046872-00047784": "it's so cold outside", "0KzWhOzGTOM-00020-00051384-00051984": "do", "0KzWhOzGTOM-00021-00054255-00054784": "there are so many things", "0KzWhOzGTOM-00022-00056824-00057584": "is", "0KzWhOzGTOM-00023-00059808-00060384": "oh", "0KzWhOzGTOM-00024-00062584-00063096": "my heart rages around like an ocean in my", "0KzWhOzGTOM-00025-00064744-00065984": "is", "0KzWhOzGTOM-00026-00067896-00068784": "here", "0KzWhOzGTOM-00027-00069328-00070184": "so", "0KzWhOzGTOM-00028-00071184-00071584": "reality", "0KzWhOzGTOM-00029-00074360-00075784": "oh", "0KzWhOzGTOM-00030-00078904-00079984": "hello", "0KzWhOzGTOM-00031-00080040-00081384": "uh", "0KzWhOzGTOM-00032-00082536-00082784": "me", "0KzWhOzGTOM-00033-00084536-00085584": "uh", "0KzWhOzGTOM-00034-00088384-00088392": "you", "0KzWhOzGTOM-00035-00089784-00089968": "oh"}}, {"audio_id": "0KA5ai1XA6o", "text": {"0KA5ai1XA6o-00000-00000056-00000680": "hello my name is Andrew Harvey and today I'll be talking about the lack of labiodentals in", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00001-00000680-00001064": "Ihanzu framed specifically as a result of contact with Hadza", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00002-00001552-00002352": "The F-31 Bantu languages of north central Tanzania Nyilamba and Ihanzu do not feature labiodentals", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00003-00002352-00002840": "this is remarkable in that all of the other languages of the intermediate genetic grouping", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00004-00002840-00003488": "to which Nyilamba and Ihanzu belong - the Takama branch - feature labiodentals robustly with a", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00005-00003488-00004088": "specific focus on Ihanzu this talk describes the lack of labiodentals in this language as a direct", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00006-00004088-00004648": "result of contact with the language isolate Hadza following a brief introduction to the", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00007-00004648-00005232": "Ihanzu language and its larger context the talk reviews the lexical comparative work in Masele", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00008-00005232-00005792": "2001 to establish that though every language of the Takama branch developed labiodentals", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00009-00005792-00006328": "independently either through sound changes or via the borrowing of lexical items Ihonzu did not", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00010-00006392-00006816": "this preservation of older structures is attributed to the existence of a parallel", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00011-00006816-00007368": "structure that is a lack of labiodentals in the phonemic inventory in the contact language Hadza", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00012-00007456-00007904": "in order to attribute this preservation of a system lacking labiodentals to contact", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00013-00007904-00008424": "with the language isolate Hadza which currently features the labiodental [f] the talk establishes", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00014-00008424-00008936": "the adoption of [f] as a relatively recent effect of Hadza contact with the south Cushitic language", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00015-00008936-00009504": "Iraqw and argues that at the time and place of relevant contact with Ihanzu Hadza did not feature", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00016-00009504-00010024": "this phoneme additional non-linguistic evidence of the nature of Ihanzu Hadza contact is provided", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00017-00010024-00010568": "from oral histories origin stories and descent patterns of both the Ihanzu speaker community", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00018-00010568-00011096": "and the Bantu-speaking peoples of the wider region in the context of this workshop the talk provides", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00019-00011096-00011656": "a clear-cut example of the effects of a non-Bantu language - Hadza - on the sound inventory of", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00020-00011744-00012256": "a Bantu language Ihanzu within the larger ecology of the complex interchanges occurring", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00021-00012256-00012736": "in the Tanzanian Rift Valley Area in addition the proposed contact is recent enough to serve", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00022-00012736-00013240": "as a concrete case study but also old enough that is pre-colonial to require recourse to", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00023-00013240-00013696": "linguistic and other non-direct methods of observation such as oral traditions", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00024-00013896-00014560": "to begin the Tanzanian Rift Valley Area delimited in Kießling, Mous, and Nurse's 2008 chapter", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00025-00014560-00014991": "roughly according to this red line is unique on the African continent", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00026-00014991-00015576": "in that it is the only place in which all four of Greenberg's 1955 language families are in contact", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00027-00015576-00016047": "and have been in contact for a long period of time Greenberg's four-fold division has", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00028-00016047-00016536": "most probably outlived its usefulness but the Tanzanian Rift Valley Area is still an incredibly", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00029-00016536-00017160": "important place for the study of language contact with representatives from Afroasiatic, Nilotic,", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00030-00017160-00017752": "Niger-Congo as well as the possibly Khoe-Kwadi language Sandawe and the language isolate Hadza", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00031-00017816-00018168": "in focusing on just a couple of these languages today it is hoped that we", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00032-00018168-00018760": "will get a good sense for the richness and complexity of this small part of East Africa", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00033-00018856-00019400": "Ihanzo is a Bantu language of Malcolm Guthrie's geographically-based F-group no dedicated language", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00034-00019400-00019792": "survey has been conducted to determine the number of Ihanzu speakers but the Languages of", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00035-00019792-00020320": "Tanzania Project estimated that in 2009 there were 26 000 speakers of the Ihanzu in total", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00036-00020376-00020888": "the Ihanzu have extensive oral accounts of a historical migration to their current homeland", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00037-00020888-00021704": "and often recall moving south often by or through Lake Nyanza (Victoria) the Ihanzu are notable in", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00038-00021704-00022168": "the Tanzanian Rift in that they are sedentary farmers and see themselves unambiguously as such", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00039-00022168-00022664": "as compared to other farming groups who prefer to identify as pastoralists with sorghum and", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00040-00022664-00023184": "more recently maize as important staple crops culturally the Ihanzu are renowned throughout", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00041-00023184-00023592": "the Rift Valley Area for their rain making an institutionalized practice that continues", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00042-00023592-00024112": "to this present day for an idea of what spoken Ihanzu sounds like i'll play a short recording", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00043-00024112-00025384": "of Samweli Issiah talking with John Kipimo about Ihanzu riddles as a literary and pedagogical genre", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00044-00027992-00028512": "the recording of this talk will be stored as part of WOCAL10 with the open science framework", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00045-00028512-00028936": "and I will also make the talk available on YouTube via the link displayed here", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00046-00029464-00029936": "returning to our map of the area I'd like to visualize the feature which we will be", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00047-00029936-00030448": "examining today that is the lack of a whole articulatory subclass of fricatives that is", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00048-00030448-00031000": "the labiodental fricatives the most relevant sounds for this area being [f] and [v] the", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00049-00031000-00031624": "most unambiguous example is Ihanzu but for at least three other languages - Hadza Sandawe and", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00050-00031624-00032127": "possibly also Nyilamba - the argument can be made that [f] and [v] are rare", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00051-00032127-00032472": "occur in recent borrowings only and are otherwise marginal sounds", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00052-00032600-00033296": "swapping our shapes for pins and changing our base map to Google maps an even more striking pattern", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00053-00033296-00033864": "emergence we find if we zoom out that the rest of the languages with which Ihanzu shares common", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00054-00033864-00034560": "predecessor - Takama - all have the phonemes [f] and [v] save Ihanzu and probably Nyilamba", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00055-00034736-00035200": "to begin the data seem to clearly show that Proto-Takama the predecessor to", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00056-00035200-00035784": "all the languages shown in this tree adapted from Masele 2001 did not possess any fricatives", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00057-00035888-00036408": "as each language patterns very differently in terms of where and what fricatives it displays", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00058-00036408-00037016": "for the reconstructed Proto-Bantu source lexeme in our first example showing the reflexes of the", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00059-00037016-00037640": "reconstructed Proto-Bantu word for \"foam\" we can see what looks like a neat division with Kimbu", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00060-00037640-00038344": "Nyamwezi and Sukuma developing the labiodental [f] and Ihanzu-Nyilamba retaining [p] based", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00061-00038344-00038792": "on a pattern like this alone we may think that Proto-Takama actually did have the labiodental", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00062-00038864-00039416": "our next example showing the reflexes of the reconstructed Proto-Bantu form for \"ashes\"", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00063-00039416-00039968": "begins to show us how the pattern is actually less neat with the Nyamwezi form developing a", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00064-00039968-00040576": "voiced labiodental and the Sukuma form developing a bilabial fricative this represents a specific", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00065-00040576-00041128": "form of palatalization which Masele shows applying specifically to Nyamwezi varieties only and we can", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00066-00041128-00041928": "compare the work of Labroussi in 1999 on Bantu specific palatalization our next example giving", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00067-00041928-00042528": "the reflexes for the reconstructed Proto-Bantu form \"to fear\" shows that the diversity of sound", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00068-00042528-00043104": "changes from Proto-Takama is similar for Nyaturu Ihanzu and Nyilamba each of these forms patterning", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00069-00043104-00043704": "differently and Nyaturu developing a labiodental [f] from the Proto-Bantu bilabial stop [b]", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00070-00043832-00044352": "in the next example we can see another labiodental in Nyaturu this time an [f] developing from a", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00071-00044352-00044984": "velar stop preceding a super close [u] sound Nyaturu is described by Masele as undergoing", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00072-00044984-00045560": "a group of special lenition processes markedly different from Sukuma and Nyamwezi resulting in", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00073-00045560-00046256": "its highly salient phonology sound changes aside labiodentals have also entered languages of the", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00074-00046256-00046824": "Takama branch by borrowing either from languages outside of Takama or from other languages within", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00075-00046824-00047312": "Takama itself Kimbu is a good example of this where the data shows that we don't see any", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00076-00047312-00047784": "of the consistency which would otherwise indicate the application of sound changes", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00077-00047864-00048400": "in the examples \"foam\" and \"to fear\" we see Kimbu patterning as Nyamwezi-Sukuma", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00078-00048400-00049008": "but with the example \"ashes\" we see Kimbu patterning with Nyaturu, Ihanzu and Nyilamba", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00079-00049008-00049456": "this leads Masele to conclude that Kimbu did not undergo any of the relevant sound changes", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00080-00049456-00050080": "from Proto-Takama but instead adopted many loans from other Takama languages which did especially", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00081-00050080-00050736": "from the Nyamwezi varieties the story then is that at some earlier point Kimbu would have had forms", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00082-00050736-00051416": "for \"foam\" and \"ashes\" more similar to the forms in Ihanzu and Nyilamba but then these forms were", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00083-00051416-00052112": "replaced by forms more similar to Nyamwezi and Sukuma due to intensive contact boring however", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00084-00052112-00052848": "did not introduce either [f] or [v] into Ihanzu as this final example illustrates within the", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00085-00052848-00053512": "Ihanzu-Nyilamba branch the form for grass [masaánsi] exists in one form or another for all", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00086-00053512-00054208": "varieties except for Ihanzu which uses the term [mapwa] it also seems like [masaánsi] isn't an", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00087-00054208-00054808": "innovation within Nyilamba in that it also exists in the geographically distant Kimbu language", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00088-00054808-00055360": "instead it looks like [mapwa] in Ihanzu is the result of a borrowing from geographically close", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00089-00055360-00056008": "Jinakiiya variety of Sukuma [mafa] the form is not simply borrowed into Ihanzu with the labiodental", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00090-00056008-00056791": "however it is instead adapted as [mapwa] to repair the illicit labiodental segment [f] reviewing what", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00091-00056791-00057376": "we have just seen data originally presented and analyzed in Masele 2001 shows us that Proto-Takama", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00092-00057376-00057991": "did not feature any fricatives including the labiodentals [f] and [v] and instead all of its", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00093-00057991-00058504": "daughter languages developed [f] and [v] through a series of more or less independent sound changes", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00094-00058504-00058984": "or through later borrowings of lexical items from languages which had undergone these sound changes", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00095-00059072-00059536": "except for Ihanzu and Nyilamba which did not undergo the sound changes resulting in the", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00096-00059536-00060176": "labiodentals [f] and [v] and also did not adopt [f] and [v] through borrowing as such the lack", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00097-00060176-00060784": "of [f] and [v] in Ihanzu and Nyilamba is in fact a case of retention from Proto-Takama and not a case", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00098-00060784-00061416": "of innovation but why the summary above might be a satisfactory explanation but it does not", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00099-00061416-00061967": "address the strikingly salient pattern that of all the Bantu languages of the genetic grouping", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00100-00061967-00062567": "and within the wider geographical spread only Ihanzu and Nyilamba do not feature labiodentals", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00101-00062567-00063055": "so the rest of this talk will proceed from this question entertaining a contact scenario as the", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00102-00063055-00063576": "result for why this has come about and though language contact is much more often discussed", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00103-00063576-00064232": "in the contact of in the context of it being an initiator or facilitator of sound change", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00104-00064232-00064720": "we do actually have some accounts of language contact as being an inhibitor of sound change", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00105-00064776-00065288": "take for example the case study of the Spanish as spoken in Majorca which is analyzed as having", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00106-00065288-00065792": "retained several features of earlier Spanish where other Spanish varieties lost these features due", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00107-00065792-00066240": "to the sound changes listed here in Majorcan Spanish the reason that these sound changes", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00108-00066240-00066784": "were blocked or diminished was that the same features of earlier Spanish are also present in", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00109-00066784-00067424": "contemporary Catalan a language with which Spanish speakers in Majorca would be in regular contact", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00110-00067616-00068216": "I'd like to propose that the same sort of dynamic applies to Ihanzu and Nyilamba all of the sound", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00111-00068216-00068760": "changes underwent in the surrounding Takama-branch Bantu languages including the palatalization and", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00112-00068760-00069392": "lenition processes noted above were blocked by the preservation of parallel structures of a language", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00113-00069392-00070024": "with which Ihanzu was in contact specifically this parallel structure would be the absence", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00114-00070024-00070704": "of labiodental fricatives [f] and [v] in the phonological inventory the specific contact", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00115-00070704-00071392": "language being the language isolate with which Ihanzu is geographically contiguous Hadza Hadza is", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00116-00071392-00072072": "spoken by between 1 000 and 6 000 people near Lake Eyasi and the speaker community has been a source", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00117-00072072-00072640": "of fascination for anthropologists and tourists for many years due to a subset of Hadza-speakers", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00118-00072640-00073224": "practicing a form of hunter-gatherer subsistence linguistically Hadza features a series of phonemic", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00119-00073224-00073824": "click consonants a rather free constituent order and very rich oral tradition for some idea of", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00120-00073824-00074296": "how Hadza sounds here's a quick recording of Mariamu Anyawire and Tumaini Njegela", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00121-00077856-00078328": "however in proposing Hadza as the language which has resulted in Ihanzu and Nyilamba", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00122-00078328-00078632": "not developing labiodentals we encounter one major problem", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00123-00078752-00079088": "and that being that Hadza does possess a labiodental fricative", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00124-00079088-00079760": "[f] so I'd now like to argue that the adoption of this phoneme into Hadza was a recent development", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00125-00079944-00080456": "after going through a version of Kirk Miller's manuscript of manuscript Hadza lexicon of the", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00126-00080456-00080960": "several thousand entries I managed to find 21 words containing [f] virtually all of", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00127-00080960-00081536": "these words are marked as possible loans and many of the remaining use [f] in a mimetic", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00128-00081536-00082184": "sense two words out of the 21 are probably from the group of Southern Nilotic languages known as", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00129-00082184-00082816": "Datooga and seven more are recognizable as borrowings from the South Cushitic Language Iraqw", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00130-00082944-00083656": "three further forms are not traceable to Iraqw but to its predecessor language Proto West Rift some", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00131-00083656-00084216": "forms even seem strikingly similar to Swahili or perhaps some other G-group Bantu language", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00132-00084376-00085080": "of the two remaining forms one is the name of a bird known as a drongo sometimes in English", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00133-00085080-00085664": "called the water bottle bird and is clearly onomatopoeic in form the remaining is also", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00134-00085664-00086200": "memetic this time an ideophone for something moving at speed the remaining five forms in", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00135-00086200-00086824": "the manuscript lexicon weren't listed as having any immediate obvious sources in other languages", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00136-00086824-00087384": "but I expect that with a bit of head-scratching these could also be resolved as borrowings as", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00137-00087384-00087968": "such we can conclude that Hadza does not feature [v] and until very recently featured [f] only as", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00138-00087968-00088536": "a marginal consonant or perhaps did not feature it at all this allows us to proceed on the assumption", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00139-00088536-00089088": "that the structure of the Hadza phonemic inventory could well have influenced Hadza and Nyilamba", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00140-00089088-00089672": "resulting in both of these languages contemporary lack of labiodentals the last piece of this puzzle", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00141-00089672-00090264": "is then to make the case for contact not just in terms of geographical proximity but also in", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00142-00090264-00090896": "terms of the kind of intense prolonged interaction required for two languages to impact one another", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00143-00091048-00091408": "the case for this kind of contact between the Ihanzu and Hadza speaker communities", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00144-00091408-00091944": "is actually not entirely uncontroversial to make this is because in most contemporary accounts the", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00145-00091944-00092504": "Hadzabe are often portrayed as geographically isolated and culturally homogeneous people", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00146-00092584-00093144": "experiences of contact are often either deliberately downplayed or erased of Blurton", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00147-00093144-00093560": "Jones' first quote I think the preceding parts of this talk have also made it clear", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00148-00093560-00094200": "that while the Hadza language is distinct it also bears witness to layer upon layer of contact with", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00149-00094200-00094696": "all of the neighbouring peoples of Blurton Jones' second quote I think that this is just plain", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00150-00094696-00095184": "inaccurate both in the context of the 20th century as well as the several centuries that preceded it", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00151-00095320-00095808": "moving on from the views of evolutionary anthropologists convincing evidence of this", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00152-00095808-00096496": "kind of intense prolonged contact for which we are looking appears again and again in Sanders' 2008", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00153-00096496-00097008": "ethnography of Ihanzu rainmaking it is mentioned that the Ihanzu an agricultural people have", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00154-00097008-00097528": "multiple accounts of fleeing to the forests during times of famine to live with the Hadzabe people", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00155-00097528-00098040": "who showed them how to hunt and gather wild foods until crops could be grown and harvested", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00156-00098040-00098656": "again this is the same sort of account given by the Jinyakiiya Sukuma community in an account", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00157-00098712-00099272": "recently given by Amani Lusekelo people who relied on agriculture to survive would integrate", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00158-00099272-00099824": "themselves into Hadza-speaking communities during famine perhaps associated with this", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00159-00099824-00100480": "is another concept in sanders work that of the title of anyaihᵼ an Ihanzu term meaning something", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00160-00100480-00101104": "like \"owners of the land\" Sanders explains that this title was given exclusively to two groups", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00161-00101184-00101864": "the Ihanzu hereditary rainmaker clan of the Anyampanda and the Hadzabe people this echoes", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00162-00101864-00102368": "the kind of dynamic described described in Gunnink et al. 2015 where early speakers of", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00163-00102368-00102872": "southwestern Bantu languages upon arriving in a new place are understood to have held the existing", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00164-00102872-00103335": "speaker communities in high regard especially for their familiarity with the local environment", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00165-00103504-00104088": "drawing clues from a neighbouring region of Tanzania Bender Shetler 2003's work on the oral", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00166-00104088-00104728": "histories of the peoples of South Mara reveal the centrality of their matrilineal descent patterns", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00167-00104728-00105248": "to both their history and to their legend the two of which are often difficult to disentangle", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00168-00105320-00105840": "ethnic origin stories are often framed in terms of a group of sisters traveling and", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00169-00105840-00106383": "fragmenting across new and unfamiliar land eventually encountering an unknown man who", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00170-00106383-00107032": "is skilled in hunting and making fire the marriage of this man and one of these sisters and the man's", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00171-00107032-00107616": "subsequent subordination to his wife is seen as the legendary beginning of the ethnic group", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00172-00107720-00108304": "Bender Shetler comments at length on the utility of matrilineal descent systems among groups in a", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00173-00108304-00108904": "frontier model of expansion which are well suited for the incorporation of outsiders who a slowly", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00174-00108904-00109496": "expanding agricultural people would encounter as they spread over generations across the land", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00175-00109632-00110272": "having read the accounts of local Ihanzu historian Onesmo Dadi the parallels are striking as much", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00176-00110272-00110840": "of his account also details the movement and spread of peoples across a new frontier land it", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00177-00110840-00111280": "should also be said that the Ihanzu people also practice matrilineal descent seeing", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00178-00111344-00112048": "children produced of mixed marriages as ethnically Ihanzu and as such it would not be surprising to", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00179-00112048-00112535": "learn that many Ihanzu-speaking children were born to men who spoke Hadza as their first language", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00180-00112535-00113264": "children would have learned the language of their mother that being Ihanzu to recapitulate then", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00181-00113264-00113776": "historical sources as well as anthropological evidence indicates intense contact between", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00182-00113776-00114208": "Ihanzu and Hadza speech communities with the possibility that Ihanzu communities", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00183-00114208-00114656": "incorporated significant numbers of Hada of speaking people over an extended period of time", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00184-00114776-00115304": "to conclude then through a series of different sound changes or through borrowing every language", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00185-00115304-00115864": "of the Takama branch features labiodental sounds [f] and [v] except for Ihanzu and Nyilamba which", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00186-00115864-00116504": "do not feature [f] or [v] in Ihanzu and Nyilamba sound changes resulting in [f] and [v] and other", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00187-00116504-00117048": "languages as well as zero adaptation of words with [f] and [v] were blocked by the lack of", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00188-00117048-00117559": "labiodentals in hanza another language which many members of the speaker communities knew", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00189-00117632-00118183": "at the time of the relevant Hadza-Ihanzu and -Nyilamba contact noted above Hadza did not", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00190-00118183-00118783": "possess labiodental consonants or labiodentals were highly marginal in the sound system", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00191-00118783-00119200": "the labiodental [f] in contemporary Hadza is the result of more recent", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00192-00119200-00120583": "contact with the South Cushitic language Iraq thank you and these are my references", "0KA5ai1XA6o-00193-00121768-00121776": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "0KK8yEu3kzI", "text": {"0KK8yEu3kzI-00000-00000944-00000952": "AJO"}}, {"audio_id": "0KOEyT2432k", "text": {"0KOEyT2432k-00000-00000554-00000890": "Hello. My name is Andrés Ferrando.", "0KOEyT2432k-00001-00000935-00001261": "I want first of all to thank Wikimania", "0KOEyT2432k-00002-00001332-00001796": "for the opportunity to participate in this 2021 edition", "0KOEyT2432k-00003-00001850-00002429": "My goal today is to present a project that I'm working on,", "0KOEyT2432k-00004-00002429-00003045": "and how it 's related to Wikipedia project.", "0KOEyT2432k-00005-00003085-00003524": "For this, I'll start sharing my screen", "0KOEyT2432k-00006-00003574-00004079": "to be able to talk about it and present it to you.", "0KOEyT2432k-00007-00004206-00004655": "What you can see here", "0KOEyT2432k-00008-00004741-00005225": "is a project that allows us to see historical events", "0KOEyT2432k-00009-00005285-00005533": "by moving around time and space.", "0KOEyT2432k-00010-00005583-00006218": "For this, the map indicates where these events take place", "0KOEyT2432k-00011-00006251-00006911": "and showing what other facts happened at the same time", "0KOEyT2432k-00012-00006948-00007387": "near that place in the map,", "0KOEyT2432k-00013-00007437-00007995": "or in other areas of the world.", "0KOEyT2432k-00014-00008054-00008649": "We can then zoom in and out,", "0KOEyT2432k-00015-00008649-00009119": "move around the map", "0KOEyT2432k-00016-00009239-00009596": "and then discover different facts.", "0KOEyT2432k-00017-00009653-00010093": "It's a dynamic program, that has movement", "0KOEyT2432k-00018-00010164-00010599": "and with a click allows us to see the details for any fact.", "0KOEyT2432k-00019-00010669-00011177": "Facts can be selected in the map, or in the panels at the side", "0KOEyT2432k-00020-00011218-00011816": "This allows us to correlate facts to each other", "0KOEyT2432k-00021-00011858-00012231": "when they are simultaneous in time", "0KOEyT2432k-00022-00012279-00013101": "or belong to a common category, that happens in different time or place.", "0KOEyT2432k-00023-00013156-00013678": "For this, we can also move around time", "0KOEyT2432k-00024-00013719-00014343": "and see what other facts happened on the same place.", "0KOEyT2432k-00025-00014386-00015341": "And, as seen before, move around the map,", "0KOEyT2432k-00026-00015384-00015813": "to see other facts happening at that same time.", "0KOEyT2432k-00027-00016344-00016876": "It's also possible to search", "0KOEyT2432k-00028-00017070-00017787": "and results are presented in a new panel.", "0KOEyT2432k-00029-00017917-00018345": "We can select different results,", "0KOEyT2432k-00030-00018405-00018800": "that guide us through time and space", "0KOEyT2432k-00031-00018852-00019839": "to see the desired results.", "0KOEyT2432k-00032-00019947-00020762": "This dynamism involves also different disciplines", "0KOEyT2432k-00033-00020825-00021274": "and can present information about the biography of famous people,", "0KOEyT2432k-00034-00021327-00022004": "their works, either devoted to arts, sience, sports, etc.", "0KOEyT2432k-00035-00022104-00022889": "Also has events about political facts, wars, and others.", "0KOEyT2432k-00036-00022949-00023691": "The different categories allow us to select or hide facts", "0KOEyT2432k-00037-00023804-00024519": "and then focus on what's most relevant to us.", "0KOEyT2432k-00038-00024706-00025233": "We can - for example - look at year 1962,", "0KOEyT2432k-00039-00025360-00025668": "where The Rolling Stones band is formed,", "0KOEyT2432k-00040-00025758-00026088": "The Beatles release their first album,", "0KOEyT2432k-00041-00026122-00026388": "or the first 007 movie,", "0KOEyT2432k-00042-00026467-00027059": "all happening durint that year in UK.", "0KOEyT2432k-00043-00027567-00028034": "Also, the project is universal,", "0KOEyT2432k-00044-00028069-00028565": "looking to cover the whole world,", "0KOEyT2432k-00045-00028625-00029254": "and facts taking place anywhere around the world.", "0KOEyT2432k-00046-00029697-00030373": "This program is an effective tool to teach history", "0KOEyT2432k-00047-00030408-00030888": "as it adds new ways to represent the historical facts", "0KOEyT2432k-00048-00030931-00031143": "and their interrelations.", "0KOEyT2432k-00049-00031231-00031646": "It's ideal for self-taught people,", "0KOEyT2432k-00050-00031678-00032138": "who wants to go deeper, link facts, know causes", "0KOEyT2432k-00051-00032166-00032621": "or deep dive into some specific facts.", "0KOEyT2432k-00052-00032773-00033210": "It's also useful for students and teachers", "0KOEyT2432k-00053-00033267-00033791": "helping and supporting their learning paths.", "0KOEyT2432k-00054-00034008-00034486": "It's also an effective tool for learning", "0KOEyT2432k-00055-00034551-00034983": "as it broadens the ways to access the facts", "0KOEyT2432k-00056-00035028-00035280": "and their relationships.", "0KOEyT2432k-00057-00035375-00036006": "Then, the program is devoted to teachers, students,", "0KOEyT2432k-00058-00036050-00036408": "and the general audience.", "0KOEyT2432k-00059-00036443-00037006": "It's not required to be a professional to use it.", "0KOEyT2432k-00060-00037141-00037626": "What's then the relation to Wikipedia?", "0KOEyT2432k-00061-00037676-00038212": "This program aims also to be an open source", "0KOEyT2432k-00062-00038247-00038766": "of knowledge availabe to anyone.", "0KOEyT2432k-00063-00038827-00039261": "And then part of the goal is to be able to work", "0KOEyT2432k-00064-00039316-00039793": "with Wikimedia's information", "0KOEyT2432k-00065-00039845-00040360": "and then feed in the information presented here.", "0KOEyT2432k-00066-00040463-00040997": "Today, there are just a few facts", "0KOEyT2432k-00067-00041045-00041592": "added manually, that belongs to the sixties.", "0KOEyT2432k-00068-00041671-00042334": "However, we can see this environment under development", "0KOEyT2432k-00069-00042390-00042903": "where we are adding a lot extra details", "0KOEyT2432k-00070-00042947-00043266": "from different topics", "0KOEyT2432k-00071-00043307-00043812": "extracted from the public information", "0KOEyT2432k-00072-00043862-00044155": "available in WikiData.", "0KOEyT2432k-00073-00044280-00044900": "The ability to access to open and structured data", "0KOEyT2432k-00074-00044945-00045527": "allows us to search and parse information", "0KOEyT2432k-00075-00045565-00046135": "to add here about different facts.", "0KOEyT2432k-00076-00046455-00046947": "In this project, we can see now", "0KOEyT2432k-00077-00047003-00047445": "a few initial examples about added data.", "0KOEyT2432k-00078-00047489-00048213": "For example, data about foundations or openings.", "0KOEyT2432k-00079-00048269-00049721": "This can be about buildings, organizations, schools, or others.", "0KOEyT2432k-00080-00050047-00050522": "In this screen we can see examples", "0KOEyT2432k-00081-00050572-00051051": "of data capture processes from WikiData,", "0KOEyT2432k-00082-00051084-00051972": "where we prepare different queries to extract data.", "0KOEyT2432k-00083-00052710-00053277": "This also allows us to present", "0KOEyT2432k-00084-00053335-00054109": "information about people acting in different roles or positions", "0KOEyT2432k-00085-00054152-00055920": "(usually public roles, like presidents).", "0KOEyT2432k-00086-00056269-00056880": "There are also examples about sport results,", "0KOEyT2432k-00087-00056949-00057587": "like people winning different competitions,", "0KOEyT2432k-00088-00057644-00058084": "like F1 races.", "0KOEyT2432k-00089-00058790-00059347": "In all the examples, this remains dynamic", "0KOEyT2432k-00090-00059402-00059976": "and you can still move around the map and time", "0KOEyT2432k-00091-00060041-00060526": "to see different information.", "0KOEyT2432k-00092-00061169-00061745": "This way, we see the volume of data", "0KOEyT2432k-00093-00061756-00062716": "growing a lot. We have many more info available", "0KOEyT2432k-00094-00063028-00063368": "This information", "0KOEyT2432k-00095-00063562-00063975": "to be able to process and add it,", "0KOEyT2432k-00096-00064030-00064684": "requires details about the location and date", "0KOEyT2432k-00097-00064732-00065364": "where they took place.", "0KOEyT2432k-00098-00065600-00066659": "We are also working to add other type of data,", "0KOEyT2432k-00099-00066712-00067706": "like births and deaths of many of the famous people", "0KOEyT2432k-00100-00067751-00068684": "available in Wikipedia.", "0KOEyT2432k-00101-00068890-00069454": "We are also working with other types of data,", "0KOEyT2432k-00102-00069511-00070223": "that will very likely require a new specific panel", "0KOEyT2432k-00103-00070309-00070552": "in the screen.", "0KOEyT2432k-00104-00070609-00071074": "Today, we have a panel to see the facts", "0KOEyT2432k-00105-00071074-00071631": "that are visible within the map,", "0KOEyT2432k-00106-00071688-00072039": "and that adjusts automatically as we move around;", "0KOEyT2432k-00107-00072039-00072415": "and another to see what's happening elsewhere,", "0KOEyT2432k-00108-00072415-00072769": "and that allows us to go to any desired fact.", "0KOEyT2432k-00109-00072824-00073348": "Anyway, we'll add a new panel", "0KOEyT2432k-00110-00073348-00073754": "with information that's not necessarily", "0KOEyT2432k-00111-00073754-00074194": "associated to a single location.", "0KOEyT2432k-00112-00074194-00074713": "For example, an artistical movement,", "0KOEyT2432k-00113-00074761-00075304": "like indicating we are during Renaissance.", "0KOEyT2432k-00114-00075605-00076411": "Or during any other relevant time in history.", "0KOEyT2432k-00115-00076457-00077467": "Or present facts that might go long on time and space", "0KOEyT2432k-00116-00077467-00077875": "like World-Wide 2.", "0KOEyT2432k-00117-00077875-00078719": "And then explain that WW2 is going on,", "0KOEyT2432k-00118-00078719-00079504": "while we see other more specific facts in the map", "0KOEyT2432k-00119-00079504-00080436": "like a specific battle, or the landing in Normandy.", "0KOEyT2432k-00120-00080739-00081262": "Also, the plan is to add other types of information", "0KOEyT2432k-00121-00081362-00081902": "like art produced during that time.", "0KOEyT2432k-00122-00082308-00082901": "For example, if we want to see the movies released", "0KOEyT2432k-00123-00082901-00083411": "during that time in a country", "0KOEyT2432k-00124-00083411-00083980": "and want to correlate many of them to a single place", "0KOEyT2432k-00125-00083980-00084504": "like Hollywood in the USA, or Bollywood in India,", "0KOEyT2432k-00126-00084504-00085266": "it won't be very relevant from a geographical perspective", "0KOEyT2432k-00127-00085266-00085760": "to add so many info on a single point.", "0KOEyT2432k-00128-00085966-00086416": "What are the possibilities looking forward?", "0KOEyT2432k-00129-00086517-00087220": "One of the topics we are working on now, is Lessons", "0KOEyT2432k-00130-00087220-00088061": "The goal here is to present a single topic", "0KOEyT2432k-00131-00088061-00088791": "that goes through different facts across time", "0KOEyT2432k-00132-00088791-00089439": "You can then follow that lesson", "0KOEyT2432k-00133-00089439-00090223": "and learn about the topic", "0KOEyT2432k-00134-00090223-00090903": "that moves us around the time and space", "0KOEyT2432k-00135-00090903-00091403": "to see the relevant facts", "0KOEyT2432k-00136-00091403-00092028": "while it remains a fully dynamic map", "0KOEyT2432k-00137-00092028-00092964": "so we can also explore by our own, while looking the lesson", "0KOEyT2432k-00138-00092964-00093534": "and discover any other facts during that time", "0KOEyT2432k-00139-00093534-00094053": "or anywhere else.", "0KOEyT2432k-00140-00095508-00096011": "Today, there are many ways to join", "0KOEyT2432k-00141-00096011-00096486": "and participate in the project.", "0KOEyT2432k-00142-00096486-00097250": "One way is to help thinking and designing the queries", "0KOEyT2432k-00143-00097250-00097850": "to extract data from Wikipedia,", "0KOEyT2432k-00144-00097850-00098975": "including space and time details that can be added here.", "0KOEyT2432k-00145-00099697-00100731": "Other way is to help filter and prioritize facts.", "0KOEyT2432k-00146-00100843-00101547": "As data volumes growth,", "0KOEyT2432k-00147-00101547-00102290": "part of the challenge is to filter and present", "0KOEyT2432k-00148-00102290-00102832": "the most relevant data for the context", "0KOEyT2432k-00149-00102832-00104008": "considering zoom, categories selected, time", "0KOEyT2432k-00150-00104008-00104810": "as criteria for selection.", "0KOEyT2432k-00151-00105327-00105828": "There's also a lot of work pending", "0KOEyT2432k-00152-00105828-00106294": "for visual design.", "0KOEyT2432k-00153-00106294-00106999": "Today, the App is mostly a tool to explore data", "0KOEyT2432k-00154-00106999-00107762": "that's presented in the screeen to the users", "0KOEyT2432k-00155-00107762-00108202": "and the goal is to have as much info as possible", "0KOEyT2432k-00156-00108202-00108730": "to help in the analysis, comparisson, and", "0KOEyT2432k-00157-00108730-00109147": "data navigation.", "0KOEyT2432k-00158-00109217-00110029": "Then, it's important to have a big screen to see it all.", "0KOEyT2432k-00159-00110311-00110773": "Even when the site is today accessible from a mobile,", "0KOEyT2432k-00160-00110840-00111556": "it's not really powerfull in there,", "0KOEyT2432k-00161-00111556-00112518": "and there's a lot of work pending to improve user experience,", "0KOEyT2432k-00162-00112518-00113283": "both in a computer and in smaller screens.", "0KOEyT2432k-00163-00113283-00113850": "There's also many development work to do", "0KOEyT2432k-00164-00113850-00114725": "on usability, filters, and others.", "0KOEyT2432k-00165-00115183-00115668": "I hope you found this presentation useful,", "0KOEyT2432k-00166-00115682-00116062": "and also the project presented.", "0KOEyT2432k-00167-00116062-00116488": "And that this helps you to investigate,", "0KOEyT2432k-00168-00116488-00116892": "discovering the history,", "0KOEyT2432k-00169-00116892-00117501": "and join in to develop new ways", "0KOEyT2432k-00170-00117501-00117852": "to create open content, and available for everyone.", "0KOEyT2432k-00171-00117852-00118193": "Thank you very much!"}}, {"audio_id": "0KVgQhwvzOM", "text": {"0KVgQhwvzOM-00000-00000060-00000606": "thanks for joining us on this journey on establishing a no-tech well I don't know", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00001-00000606-00001380": "if it's no take you guys will see but it's very low very very very low Tech super low and also", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00002-00001380-00001944": "Wesley's first tank in his room so super excited about this and to share with you guys let's jump", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00003-00001944-00002502": "into it and the big inspiration for this build was to have an aquarium that I could set up in", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00004-00002502-00002940": "the house super low maintenance I don't have to worry about algae getting all crazy in it", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00005-00002940-00003432": "something I can enjoy my fish and not have to do a lot of work with so I think a lot of people can", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00006-00003432-00003906": "relate to this where we want to keep aquariums but we don't want to do all the work involved a", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00007-00003906-00004434": "system and a setup like this one that I'm about to show you can help you out so much that way", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00008-00004434-00005040": "you can enjoy nature inside without having to mess and stress with everything that can come along to", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00009-00005040-00005652": "running real powerful lights or higher Tech setup first grabbing some sand dirt cause it's free", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00010-00005718-00006246": "quick impromptu tank got a 55 gallon here you got some sand in the corner here as you can see", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00011-00006384-00006912": "grab the scene in the backyard went ahead and slopped it up and then plan on doing rocks here", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00012-00006912-00007440": "I got a bucket of rocks about to put those in lay them down who can imagine when I put the water in", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00013-00007440-00007848": "the Sand's going to want to go this way so I'm gonna get a piece of geotextile fabric", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00014-00007848-00008466": "get tucked into here of course smooth these rugs first and put some rocks on top of it", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00015-00008784-00009048": "it'll help keep a lot of it in place", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00016-00009252-00009936": "that should help keep it in place all right here we have it with the rocks in it liking it", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00017-00010290-00010470": "I'm trying to add some water", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00018-00010758-00010896": "all right fill her up", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00019-00011478-00012072": "but might as well top off the rest while I'm at it got some for catapus and that one we've got these", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00020-00012072-00012810": "Ray Rice fish in that one some red antlers in that one we've got some hatchet fish in this one it's", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00021-00012810-00013397": "a little synodontist in this one somewhere we got some plants in there I got a [__] bounce", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00022-00013397-00013932": "say that way you could weep over got some guppy grass in there because the mascara y'all can see", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00023-00013932-00014418": "is seamless that I'm putting in here loves to eat that stuff I would have filled it all the", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00024-00014418-00014886": "way up but I'm gonna put the fish in today I didn't have a whole lot of cycled water to put", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00025-00014886-00015480": "in there so this will help cycle the new water and then I'll just add over time it can cycle", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00026-00015480-00016026": "and season as time goes by that should be enough to get the barbs started because this is actually", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00027-00016026-00016632": "just a quarantine for these guys now I will have to Top This sand off or the mascara bars we'll", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00028-00016632-00017130": "kick it up or everywhere and just and make it super cloudy in here cap it with Eco complete", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00029-00017130-00017682": "this stuff looks nice keeps it down porous so it holds a lot of beneficial bacteria should have put", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00030-00017682-00018204": "it on there before but we'll do it after let's stick it in a cup and slowly do it on top of it", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00031-00018204-00018684": "with that fill up with water first so we're gonna kick everything around by the suction", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00032-00018684-00019260": "and pressure of it and just get it close to the bottom is the best you can just piled up in one", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00033-00019260-00019830": "spot and spread it out later it's easier let go before that suction hits because if that suction", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00034-00019830-00020478": "hits it and throws all that water back down there you're gonna make a mess all right Eco complete go", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00035-00020478-00021024": "completed in so hard to see with this glare right now this is the way the sun is but it's in there", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00036-00021024-00021624": "I can finally get to the fish all right it's a thirty dollar fish right there little darknessia", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00037-00021624-00022230": "seamless figure I get some new blood I'm going little buddy he's at his bath so he's good to go", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00038-00022332-00022746": "hello hey guys expecting something a little bigger I don't even know how big these would", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00039-00022746-00023232": "come in it's the bigger tank but this will give a nice face to stretch their legs and grow", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00040-00023292-00023874": "these guys are super cool check those out a week later to let the tank cycle with the barbs and the", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00041-00023874-00024588": "Pilates the laser of course from a boy Robert from Ray's Aquatics time to finally add these", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00042-00024588-00025122": "to the collection two weeks after setup the laser Cory's oh he's wearing a big schoolies", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00043-00025416-00025638": "we'll put them in Wesley's tank oh", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00044-00026268-00026460": "swim three little bunnies", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00045-00026772-00027174": "a couple of them still pretty young beautiful", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00046-00027683-00028248": "I have lots of space between these rocks as you can see there's some red platies in here", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00047-00028248-00028848": "as well one of Wesley's favorite colors thought he would enjoy those absolutely loving this tank", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00048-00028848-00029562": "and how it's coming together now this has no filter no Airline no light and it's actually", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00049-00029562-00030186": "on a North facing wall believe it or not so it's not getting any direct sunlight either way it's", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00050-00030186-00030810": "always an ambient shade like this is an elegant build easy to recreate doesn't take a whole lot", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00051-00030810-00031416": "of material not a whole lot of cost really most the cost is in the tank Rock if you're", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00052-00031416-00031938": "resourceful you can get that pretty cheap I got mine from a landscaping yard it was only five", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00053-00031938-00032556": "bucks a bag and pretty decent sized bag and then the Eco complete really that's up to you you could", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00054-00032556-00033144": "cap off with even a smaller rock if you wanted to you don't have to use Eco complete just that", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00055-00033144-00033678": "lava rock porous lava rock looks really good with that black contrast the same was from the guard", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00056-00033678-00034350": "dirt and as far as other costs is just in the plants and the fish themselves and really that's", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00057-00034350-00035004": "up to you in the tank from Petco on half off for a 55 I think 75 dollars plus tax and as far", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00058-00035004-00035550": "as the plants once that [__] balance say grows over and especially if it weeps over on top over", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00059-00035550-00036006": "that rock because they can get really long all the way to the length of that tank it'll look", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00060-00036006-00036504": "really nice and as far as the guppy grass I'll probably end up taking that out after a while", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00061-00036504-00037152": "it's just a good food source for the barbs plus it holds a lot of biofilm beneficial bacteria so", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00062-00037152-00037656": "cycling the tank at the beginning it was really helpful to have that in there but as time goes by", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00063-00037656-00038202": "I'll probably actually transition it over with some bullbitis I think bulbitis underneath the", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00064-00038202-00038664": "balance they will look really beautiful and then the bull bites will probably grow too", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00065-00038664-00039156": "big over time and we'll probably have to switch it out for something different and maybe I don't", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00066-00039156-00039672": "know we'll test out some ferns but stay tuned I'll keep you guys updated on how this goes and", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00067-00039672-00040254": "and whether we're going to need to put a light on it and how these planes go as well", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00068-00040254-00040698": "as eventually some of these fish are going to end up going into the fish barn and hope", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00069-00040698-00041238": "to see them out there which means this tank will always be evolving with new fish and some of you", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00070-00041238-00041748": "guys may see my last Friday night where I said I wasn't gonna go to the Tampa Bay auction but", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00071-00042204-00042900": "300 we have about six red I couldn't help myself plus get up to date from what's been", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00072-00042900-00043332": "in here because a lot of this is about to get moved been in here for a while as well", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00073-00043332-00043974": "as in here end of day with Wesley's fish tank here did end up going if you want to see what", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00074-00043974-00044556": "all's in here hit the Subscribe button and the notifications to see that video plus a bunch of", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00075-00044556-00045108": "videos we're about to come out with turning this Barn into a fish Haven which I'm super", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00076-00045108-00045582": "excited to share with you guys it's gonna be awesome so join us and I appreciate you", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00077-00045582-00046050": "guys watching until next time everybody peace have a great one I'll see you on the next one", "0KVgQhwvzOM-00078-00046488-00046560": "foreign"}}, {"audio_id": "0LomtVNJYoY", "text": {"0LomtVNJYoY-00000-00000048-00000726": "Our reporter Emmanuelle Chaze spoke to the head of state of energy from Naftogaz Oleksiy Chernyshov to", "0LomtVNJYoY-00001-00000726-00001254": "to find out how the country is coping with this energy shortage. Mister Chernyshov you recently take", "0LomtVNJYoY-00002-00001254-00001746": "another position of CEO of Naftogaz that's one of the toughest positions to be in the middle of", "0LomtVNJYoY-00003-00001746-00002628": "the war how has it been over the past few weeks?  My target is secure, and guarantee guess supply to over", "0LomtVNJYoY-00004-00002628-00003360": "12 million Ukrainian household and to keep them warm and hit it over the course of this", "0LomtVNJYoY-00005-00003360-00004032": "this and next winters. I'd like to ask you how does a Naftogaz continue to be operational in the middle of", "0LomtVNJYoY-00006-00004032-00004980": "of large scale attacks on the power infrastructures? These attacks are definitely should be treated as a war", "0LomtVNJYoY-00007-00004980-00005832": "crime as they are targeted exactly on the civilian infrastructure and the target of Russians the goal", "0LomtVNJYoY-00008-00005832-00006672": "of Russians is to deprive Ukrainian households of heating, electricity, water supply, and all other", "0LomtVNJYoY-00009-00006672-00008376": "basic human needs. I am proud to state that Naftogaz is functioning 24/7. Our personnel is united and fit. We have more than thousands of men on the front line from our employees,", "0LomtVNJYoY-00010-00008436-00009378": "all the others are working mainly in our offices in Ukraine and our task is very", "0LomtVNJYoY-00011-00009378-00010110": "simple. We should guarantee gas supplies and heating to Ukrainian people. Is Ukraine in a", "0LomtVNJYoY-00012-00010110-00011076": "capacity to export its resources to its partners? Our electric grid has been hit dramatically, we", "0LomtVNJYoY-00013-00011076-00012036": "have serious outages of electricity. Our gas production facilities has been hit as well, and", "0LomtVNJYoY-00014-00012036-00012900": "we are working on keeping our production volumes at the plant levels, and we are trying to cope", "0LomtVNJYoY-00015-00012900-00013644": "with these risks every day. What form of a support do you get from the partners? I'm thinking about", "0LomtVNJYoY-00016-00013644-00014388": "European partners, I'm thinking about US partners. Ukraine is in desperate need for external support", "0LomtVNJYoY-00017-00014478-00015318": "and I am really happy and thankful to our Western allies for the continuous support in the fields", "0LomtVNJYoY-00018-00015318-00016122": "of energy, infrastructure, humanitarian and other, which is absolutely critical for Ukraine right", "0LomtVNJYoY-00019-00016122-00016830": "now. What are the avenues for Naftogaz to exploit a Ukrainian resource and", "0LomtVNJYoY-00020-00016830-00017514": "to export them to its partners, especially to its European partners? I think these are two", "0LomtVNJYoY-00021-00017514-00017916": "avenues, first of all we should produce more, but from another hand you should consider", "0LomtVNJYoY-00022-00017970-00018918": "responsible consumption of energy and natural gas in particular and that is a big part of the", "0LomtVNJYoY-00023-00018918-00019758": "job that should be done in the next month and year's in Ukraine. We stand united right", "0LomtVNJYoY-00024-00019758-00020472": "now with Germany and other European countries, and I'm sure this assistance will bring us to", "0LomtVNJYoY-00025-00020472-00021060": "the prevailing into the upcoming victory, that we expect in this year.Thank you very much.Thank you."}}, {"audio_id": "0LK0dv_Esdc", "text": {"0LK0dv_Esdc-00000-00000682-00000866": "Yes, it was probably about", "0LK0dv_Esdc-00001-00000866-00001242": "4 months ago when I met Ben", "0LK0dv_Esdc-00002-00001242-00001562": "And we get along just great", "0LK0dv_Esdc-00003-00001562-00001846": "And I brought him out to the Dodge dealership", "0LK0dv_Esdc-00004-00001846-00002316": "and he bought a brand-new 2017 Ram truck", "0LK0dv_Esdc-00005-00002402-00002784": "So hopefully we make out okay.", "0LK0dv_Esdc-00006-00002872-00003076": "And how did you like the service?", "0LK0dv_Esdc-00007-00003076-00003246": "The service is great,", "0LK0dv_Esdc-00008-00003246-00003311": "Alright", "0LK0dv_Esdc-00009-00003311-00003614": "Really! We really appreciate it all!", "0LK0dv_Esdc-00010-00003618-00003768": "Alright well thank you!", "0LK0dv_Esdc-00011-00003892-00004390": "Thank you too Patsy, you've been a wonderful person!", "0LK0dv_Esdc-00012-00004390-00004590": "Thank you!"}}, {"audio_id": "0Mn-tc4g_SA", "text": {"0Mn-tc4g_SA-00000-00005878-00006261": "Good morning everybody it's the weekend before valentine's day", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00001-00006483-00006689": "That, was terrible gets the wrong party", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00002-00006886-00007686": "So i made valentine's day cinnamon rolls cuz. Jacob up shiz, extra i'm a cinnamon roll artist can i say", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00003-00007879-00008205": "Anyway, we woke up this morning the weather's kind of dreary?", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00004-00008317-00008697": "And gabriel's got a, new his nap schedule is like", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00005-00008761-00009477": "Three hours right smack in the middle of the day, so we're trying to figure out how. That fits in with our weekend adventures", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00006-00009597-00009983": "Either, we have to start getting up and doing them in the morning because", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00007-00010047-00010583": "At like lunch he goes down for a nap and then gets up for dinner and then goes to bed", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00008-00010621-00010847": "So we're kind of we're trying to figure that out?", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00009-00010906-00011444": "Fun fact he's sleeping through the night he is it only took 13 months", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00010-00011521-00011927": "My, mom told me this day, would come i didn't believe, her but it's here", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00011-00012181-00012381": "You, have all the hats", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00012-00012869-00013069": "need, to put one on buddy", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00013-00014141-00014391": "hey, put your hat on", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00014-00014855-00015055": "put it on your hands", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00015-00015220-00015996": "Hey, surprise, some time has passed i'm back to my, natural color sara got her hair did", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00016-00016126-00016755": "So i was not aware of just how freaking freezing it was outside so our weekend adventures are?", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00017-00016756-00016956": "Gonna, be relatively tame this weekend", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00018-00017015-00017215": "More like regular", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00019-00017284-00017547": "Weekend's regular, but weekend's morning", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00020-00018471-00018671": "I'm angry", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00021-00019497-00019848": "How's your lunch how's your lunch", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00022-00020587-00020787": "didn't really commit to that", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00023-00022137-00022337": "we finished our lunch", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00024-00022467-00022858": "Can we toyed with the idea of going out but it's", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00025-00022986-00023267": "32 i think there are snow flurries and i don't", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00026-00023337-00023914": "Really, want something falling from the sky it seems floaty - not floaty droppy", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00027-00023979-00024382": "So i think, when i go back, home, so that was our very brief foray into", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00028-00024459-00024659": "Its co the real world", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00029-00025400-00025605": "Whole lot of nothing happened the rest of the day", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00030-00025682-00026001": "We came, home gabriel played, we watched the olympics?", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00031-00026117-00026508": "Fed him his dinner plane fed and now we're still watching this", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00032-00026750-00027382": "yay, curling i don't understand this sport it's so, weird it's like, corn, hole but with, rocks and ice", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00033-00027470-00027620": "We'll see you all tomorrow", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00034-00027620-00028120": "Good, sunday morning everybody, the feels-like temperature is currently", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00035-00028183-00028606": "16 degrees so of course i'm going to kill you donuts", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00036-00031014-00031379": "But i got home when i did because the sleet has started to come down", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00037-00031497-00031814": "Can't can't really see it but you can definitely hear it", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00038-00032338-00032817": "When it's sleeting outside you stay indoors and watch the emoji movie", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00039-00033046-00033246": "Gabriel is not watching the emoji movie", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00040-00036290-00036642": "Did you learn a fun slowly annoying new thing to do", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00041-00037519-00037851": "well in classic texas fashion, the", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00042-00037978-00038439": "Sleeting lasted for about 30 minutes 45 minutes it stopped", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00043-00038546-00038728": "The sun came out", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00044-00038728-00038900": "Melted it all the way?", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00045-00038900-00039483": "And now it's just in the 20s outside sunshine and slight breeze", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00046-00039590-00039787": "Actually kind of a nice day", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00047-00039787-00039928": "so", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00048-00039928-00040320": "Gabriel is napping sarah's napping, and i'm going to the grocery store", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00049-00041637-00041837": "nope", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00050-00042555-00042755": "so they were", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00051-00042755-00042947": "rearranging that store for", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00052-00042947-00043147": "Reasons that were not shared with, me", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00053-00043166-00043684": "But uh i mean stuff is everywhere i was in there way, longer than i needed to be?", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00054-00043899-00044410": "Out from our nap time to get dressed for a. Birthday party", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00055-00045896-00046678": "Can you, say, hi, baby, hi, baby, hi baby no", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00056-00051559-00051759": "i", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00057-00052274-00052537": "Was feeling kind of cooped up so we're going for a walk", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00058-00052652-00052838": "it's a lot colder than, we", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00059-00052838-00053389": "Realized, we don't have, baby mittens and i feel like a, bad parent now, my hands are cold", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00060-00053389-00053704": "Not put on gloves sarah's never walked, this fast in her life", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00061-00054152-00054352": "Sometimes the truth hurts baby", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00062-00054466-00054961": "So we're gonna close the blog here if we had a nice kind of a low-key weekend i promise we're?", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00063-00054961-00055587": "Gonna, get back to our weekend adventures as soon as it stops raining or freezing on the weekend, we can actually go outside", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00064-00055712-00055829": "but", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00065-00055829-00056029": "We're, gonna get back to that", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00066-00056078-00056353": "So thank you all for watching hope, you enjoyed it", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00067-00056423-00056736": "Be sure to hit that like button leave us a comment and", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00068-00056819-00057019": "Subscribe if you haven't already", "0Mn-tc4g_SA-00069-00057110-00057310": "See you guys next"}}, {"audio_id": "0MsPmCRsZUU", "text": {"0MsPmCRsZUU-00000-00000003-00000413": "So I was playing some ranked Vayne game today, and before going into the actual", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00001-00000413-00000888": "game footage, I want to show you what happened. First look at the scores. Seems", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00002-00000888-00001296": "like an average game where you won two lanes and lost one, junglers were pretty", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00003-00001296-00001760": "useless on both sides and each team had their fed star players. Now look at the", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00004-00001760-00002064": "damage. Azir is clearly a problem for the enemy", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00005-00002064-00002501": "team, but let me tell you that they were diving his passive like idiots, so it's", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00006-00002501-00003096": "not like he was playing spectacularly well. I mean, 9.2 is good, but nothing you", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00007-00003096-00003492": "don't see every day. I was 7 zero at the end but my damage is", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00008-00003492-00003960": "nothing spectacular either. It's only 2k more damage than the enemy Ashe that", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00009-00003960-00004719": "ended 0.4.0. So how did we end up winning in 19.23 minutes?", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00010-00004719-00005121": "No one went afk, no one inted, nothing like that. We were", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00011-00005121-00005511": "able to turn a winning lane into a winning game, where I was serving as a", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00012-00005511-00006003": "shot caller for my team. You also have to do this. There's two crucial aspects for", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00013-00006003-00006450": "our win here, but let's take a look at the game. So normal farming situation", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00014-00006450-00007004": "with a bit of poke here and there and we get a gank that ends up in a kill.", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00015-00007481-00007920": "This actually freed Warwick to help out the other lanes and forget about bot", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00016-00007920-00008302": "for a while. I mean, a kill on Vayne this early is enough to bully your lane", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00017-00008302-00008710": "opponents, but I hadn't backed yet, so I play carefully and let my support do its", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00018-00008710-00009085": "job which is poking. I know Ashe has no summoners so we have all the killing", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00019-00009085-00009529": "potential on our side and we can still back off if need be. Ashe oversteps here", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00020-00009529-00009931": "greeding for two casters and my positioning seemed very harmless here,", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00021-00009931-00010410": "but she has no vision on the bush and my flash is up.", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00022-00011368-00011836": "Now I'm 3-0 and have a 10 CS lead. Lane won,  Ashe won't be a problem.", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00023-00011836-00012283": "We might even win 3v2 fights. So, what's the plan now? What should we do?", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00024-00012283-00012700": "Well, being that we have such a great advantage here in the bot lane, we'll try", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00025-00012700-00013089": "to kill them and get first tower before top does. He's winning his Lane and", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00026-00013089-00013519": "bullying Graves. Now the lane's pushing against us, which is good because it'll", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00027-00013519-00013866": "force Ashe and Janna to come forward if they want to farm. Janna goes into the", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00028-00013866-00014224": "bush and they think they're 1v1ing me when Brand is right behind me.", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00029-00014224-00014622": "The fight goes really badly for them and we now focus on getting the first tower", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00030-00014622-00015519": "before top does being that Darius is getting quite strong. Why not get Drake?", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00031-00015519-00015931": "Warwick was bot side and it would have been free with Ashe dead, but always", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00032-00015931-00016441": "prioritize first tower over a cloud Drake. We could have backed here, but mid", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00033-00016441-00016891": "was open and another tower was free. No jungler, Ashe bot,", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00034-00016891-00017320": "Janna low and Darius was under control with 2 top. This is what I don't see", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00035-00017320-00017806": "people doing: Look at who is where and prioritize free objectives. We could have", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00036-00017806-00018331": "easily stayed bot and killed Ashe  2v1, but why? For score? For damage output?", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00037-00018331-00018898": "This tower would go down and stay down! Ashe would just respawn. If you get an", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00038-00018898-00019339": "advantage in your lane, start thinking. After you kill your lane opponent, look", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00039-00019339-00019750": "at the status of your game. Where can you get something permanent? A tower?", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00040-00019750-00020295": "A dragon? Dismiss free kills and go for free objectives.", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00041-00021324-00021776": "Right here we managed to kill the bot lane again,", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00042-00022609-00023090": "but should we overextend bot while their jungler is alive? Why not take a free", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00043-00023090-00023812": "dragon, until we can figure out where their jungler is? We then take the", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00044-00023812-00024271": "opportunity to pressure bot and once we realize we're outnumbered, we rotate and", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00045-00024271-00025162": "join up another fed member to try and take yet another objective. They're", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00046-00025162-00025531": "committing to mistakes and this essentially allows us to get rift free,", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00047-00025531-00026225": "since they're forced to defend mid and bot at the same time. None of the", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00048-00026225-00026719": "objectives we took so far were contested or risky and that's all due to the fact", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00049-00026719-00027313": "that we had our lane won. Now look at the game: it's 17-9. It doesn't seem that far", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00050-00027313-00027727": "and won until you noticed that all their kills are on the Darius. Get him out of", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00051-00027727-00028288": "the picture and it's essentially a 17-1. Now look at this. The crucial moment of", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00052-00028288-00028900": "the game: We have two towers, a 4k gold advantage. The minute is 17:22. The game", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00053-00028900-00029587": "will finish at 19:23 without a surrender but a full-on nexus siege. How? Objective", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00054-00029587-00030169": "priority and rotation. We have a glorified positioning here, which allows", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00055-00030169-00030581": "us to take yet another free tower. Darius had just backed, which gave us free time", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00056-00030581-00030988": "to poke Janna out of the lane and Azir's tower here prevented any flanking from", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00057-00030988-00031463": "Shaco. We didn't greed dive for a 0.4.0 Ashe which couldn't defend", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00058-00031463-00031982": "herself, we simplified it and took down the tower permanently. Darius is actually", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00059-00031982-00032363": "a bad champion versus our team, because he needs to get close to be effective or", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00060-00032363-00032869": "he'll be able to shine in a 1v1 scenario. But as a team with two fed people which", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00061-00032869-00033322": "can easily push him away... Well, it's sad, and he's literally the only dangerous", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00062-00033322-00033728": "one. We still had our rift which would tank for us and we forced it down mid,", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00063-00033728-00034102": "without diving using our advantage.", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00064-00034727-00035192": "The moment Darius oversteps, we commit to killing him and the game is essentially", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00065-00035192-00035573": "over here. We don't care about top pushing, we can take more and more", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00066-00035573-00036188": "objectives. No one cared about Janna and Ashe here, I mean, look they're being", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00067-00036188-00036614": "ignored. They're literally useless bugs here and the towers are going all the", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00068-00036614-00037007": "way down. By using the advantage to rotate and take objectives rather than", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00069-00037007-00037421": "getting more kills and milking out a won lane, we were able to finish a game", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00070-00037421-00037973": "in 19 minutes with a very unimpressive 22-9 score. Take your time to think about", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00071-00037973-00038378": "what and where you can be useful for your team's global objectives, instead of", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00072-00038378-00038822": "your own personal score and watch your win rate blow upwards. I hope this video", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00073-00038822-00039170": "helped you out. If you liked it then please it would help me a lot if you", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00074-00039170-00039455": "clicked on that like button and if you know that you have a few friends that", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00075-00039455-00039824": "are in trouble and their technical capacities are good, they're getting fed", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00076-00039824-00040175": "blah blah blah, but they're not winning their games, please share this video with", "0MsPmCRsZUU-00077-00040175-00040681": "them. I think it will help them out a ton. Sakeios Out!"}}, {"audio_id": "0Mv1H7UUDck", "text": {"0Mv1H7UUDck-00000-00000064-00000640": "Do you have advice for us managing our portfolios on the difference between theory and practice?", "0Mv1H7UUDck-00001-00000800-00001464": "Well let me say a couple of things about that you know i read a lot of financial analysts journal", "0Mv1H7UUDck-00002-00001464-00002160": "articles and a lot of the journal portfolio management articles and i can understand about", "0Mv1H7UUDck-00003-00002264-00002984": "15% to 20% of them they've got all these Greek formulas and they make things very complicated", "0Mv1H7UUDck-00004-00003072-00003688": "and they're looking backward always uh so doing a lot of data mining if you look backward and", "0Mv1H7UUDck-00005-00003688-00004047": "see something that doesn't work you throw it in the ash can and find something that", "0Mv1H7UUDck-00006-00004047-00004568": "does work and believe me if you do enough data mining you can find a lot of things that work", "0Mv1H7UUDck-00007-00004752-00005448": "in the past that have worked in the past i should say so a lot of the theory out there i think is", "0Mv1H7UUDck-00008-00005448-00006128": "cast in a very misleading and foolish light uh it doesn't allow for costs uh it doesn't talk about", "0Mv1H7UUDck-00009-00006192-00006752": "what strategies you should have once you do invest uh and there's there's this uh back test thing", "0Mv1H7UUDck-00010-00006752-00007536": "as it's called that leaves me uh dubious about theory indeed i wonder if anybody who writes these", "0Mv1H7UUDck-00011-00007536-00008680": "academic theory articles has ever followed his own advice think about that and uh so practice i would", "0Mv1H7UUDck-00012-00008680-00009400": "favor over theory uh but you know if you want to tell me that theory gross return minus cost equals", "0Mv1H7UUDck-00013-00009400-00010072": "net return i would follow that uh you know is that a formula is that a theory is that a practice", "0Mv1H7UUDck-00014-00010072-00010640": "it's certainly a practice and it's certainly a theory too there's this old saying about uh", "0Mv1H7UUDck-00015-00010728-00011384": "it works in practice why the heck does it work in theory not an interesting question and uh", "0Mv1H7UUDck-00016-00011624-00012256": "there's two there's i think there's much too much much too much kind of the search for the Holy", "0Mv1H7UUDck-00017-00012256-00012991": "Grail uh in investing the search for the market beating consistently market-beating formula uh", "0Mv1H7UUDck-00018-00012991-00013472": "without the knowledge that as far as i know and in human history the Holy Grail does not exist", "0Mv1H7UUDck-00019-00013544-00014184": "so you don't want to spend an awful lot more time looking for it"}}, {"audio_id": "0MG_dSHEQsy", "text": {"0MG_dSHEQsy-00000-00000635-00000846": "It is with great pleasure that I introduce", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00001-00000846-00001434": "Victor McCree, executive director of operations.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00002-00001434-00001918": "He is authorized and directed to discharge the", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00003-00001918-00002663": "operational and administrative functions necessary for the day-to-day operations of the agency.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00004-00002663-00003594": "He joined the NRC in 1988.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00005-00003594-00003996": "Over the years he's held many leadership positions in the NRC,", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00006-00003996-00004456": "including the regional administrator in NRC's region two in Atlanta.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00007-00004456-00004730": "Prior, he was a nuclear", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00008-00004730-00005297": "trained submarine officer and completed nuclear officer certification.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00009-00005297-00005489": "He served on the staff of", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00010-00005489-00005912": "naval operations.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00011-00005912-00006256": "Vic's a graduate of the U.S. naval academy and holds an executive MBA from", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00012-00006256-00006448": "Georgia state university.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00013-00006448-00006817": "Join me in welcoming Vic McCree.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00014-00006817-00007409": ">> VICTOR MCCREE: Thank you,", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00015-00007409-00007695": "Brian, and good morning, everyone.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00016-00007695-00007963": "On behalf of the staff of the U.S. nuclear regulatory", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00017-00007963-00008572": "commission, it gives me great pleasure to add my welcome to this, the 30th NRC regulatory", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00018-00008572-00008814": "conference.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00019-00008814-00009292": "What began as a small conference on nuclear safety regulation with about 500", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00020-00009292-00009800": "attendees -- I was actually in that photo -- is now an international public meeting", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00021-00009800-00009900": "with more than", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00022-00009900-00010735": "3,000 attendees from the United States and 32 other countries and international organizations.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00023-00010735-00011306": "Those of you who attended last year will fondly recall the late season snow and ice that resulted", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00024-00011306-00011739": "in a shortened, albeit successful conference.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00025-00011739-00012010": "Some refer to it as the quick RIC.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00026-00012010-00012110": "Fortunately,", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00027-00012110-00012585": "we're experiencing much more normal March weather this year, so we will be able to explore", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00028-00012585-00012685": "and", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00029-00012685-00013147": "discuss the full range of topics on our agenda as planned.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00030-00013147-00013497": "Each year, we look forward to the", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00031-00013497-00013984": "opportunity to host and share information at this unique event.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00032-00013984-00014144": "I thank you for being here and", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00033-00014144-00014837": "excited for the healthy dialogue bound to occur at this conference.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00034-00014837-00015809": "I would like to acknowledge", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00035-00015809-00016205": "the presence of our international counter parts.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00036-00016205-00016363": "Welcome to Maryland and thank you for your", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00037-00016363-00016476": "participation.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00038-00016476-00017378": "And I want to echo Brian's thanks to the many people", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00039-00017378-00017520": "as well as volunteers who", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00040-00017520-00018081": "work -- whose work and planning has set the stage for another successful conference.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00041-00018081-00018223": "I will", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00042-00018223-00018735": "invest the bulk of my time this morning talking about the NRC's ongoing commitment to improving", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00043-00018735-00019313": "effectiveness, efficiency, and agility in accomplishing our safety and security mission.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00044-00019313-00019413": "This", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00045-00019413-00020040": "remains the high priority as the agency and regulating industry in the United States continue", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00046-00020040-00020140": "to", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00047-00020140-00020359": "operate in a very dynamic environment.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00048-00020359-00020640": "My goal is to make you aware of our efforts and invite", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00049-00020640-00021337": "your participation to further inform our decision-making and clarify our shared expectations.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00050-00021337-00021943": "A few years ago, Mary, the CEO of general motors, predicted that we would see more change", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00051-00021943-00022043": "in", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00052-00022043-00022355": "the next five years than we have seen in the previous 50.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00053-00022355-00022754": "When you consider camless engines,", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00054-00022754-00023325": "advanced electric vehicles, do not disturb while driving technology, and the prospect", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00055-00023325-00023425": "of", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00056-00023425-00023688": "driverless cars, she was right.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00057-00023688-00024385": "The regulatory industry is also experiencing dramatic technology", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00058-00024385-00024810": "revolution.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00059-00024810-00025479": "Small modular reactors and advanced light reactors are examples of such dramatic", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00060-00025479-00025668": "change.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00061-00025668-00026195": "As the nuclear safety regulator, the question we're faced with is why is change, and", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00062-00026195-00026677": "why is managing change of significance to the NRC?", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00063-00026677-00026957": "As I indicated in my remarks at the RIC last", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00064-00026957-00027569": "year, I believe the answer is that times have changed, and transition introduced potential", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00065-00027569-00028181": "distractions, and we must always be mindful of this and remain principally focused on", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00066-00028181-00028281": "carrying out", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00067-00028281-00028552": "our safety and security mission.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00068-00028552-00028908": "We have seen times of change as an opportunity for the NRC to", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00069-00028908-00029535": "become better by regulating with excellence in the 21st century.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00070-00029535-00029664": "Let me begin by highlighting a", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00071-00029664-00030152": "number of accomplishments since we met last year that indicate our successful efforts", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00072-00030152-00030252": "to address", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00073-00030252-00030532": "the essential day-to-day work of the agency.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00074-00030532-00030912": "We have continued to successfully oversee the", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00075-00030912-00031654": "safe and secure operation of power plants as well as position and use of radioactive", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00076-00031654-00031754": "materials.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00077-00031754-00032387": "In this regard, I would briefly note two accomplishments shared by the industry and the NRC, given", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00078-00032387-00032838": "that operators have the primary responsibility for safety.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00079-00032838-00033129": "NRC's operating experience reviews", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00080-00033129-00033689": "include every unplanned scram to determine the safety significance and to identify any", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00081-00033689-00033789": "generic", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00082-00033789-00033958": "implications or trends.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00083-00033958-00034536": "In 2017, our review shows that operating reactors finished the year with", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00084-00034536-00034808": "39 unplanned scrams.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00085-00034808-00035263": "This reflects a new low both in terms of the absolute number of scrams and", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00086-00035263-00035523": "the ratio of scrams per unit.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00087-00035523-00036475": "It also represents a significant drop of 28%, 54 scrams in 2016.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00088-00036475-00037142": "They had zero scrams in 2016.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00089-00037142-00037568": "That number increased to 72 in 2017.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00090-00037568-00037804": "Included in the 72 are four", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00091-00037804-00038631": "units that have not experienced a scram in ten years, and two with no scrams since 2002.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00092-00038631-00038731": "I", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00093-00038731-00039210": "included this information, because unplanned scrams can potentially challenge operators", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00094-00039210-00039310": "and safety", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00095-00039310-00039634": "equipment, and thereby introduce unintended consequences.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00096-00039634-00039887": "But also, because this trend is", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00097-00039887-00040457": "illustrative of the nuclear power industry's efforts to identify and reduce the causes", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00098-00040457-00040557": "of scram", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00099-00040557-00040989": "initiators, and in doing so, contribute to safety.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00100-00040989-00041199": "Another topic I would briefly mention relates", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00101-00041199-00041856": "to early insights from the planned use of flexible and diverse or flex strategies to", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00102-00041856-00041956": "mitigate", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00103-00041956-00042056": "outage risk.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00104-00042056-00042535": "Based on preliminary discussions with several licensees who've incorporated flex", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00105-00042535-00043235": "strategies into their risk management plans, the plans would significantly reduce or eliminate", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00106-00043235-00043335": "all", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00107-00043335-00044396": "together the number of outage days in which the plant would be in a heightened condition.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00108-00044396-00044496": "To", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00109-00044496-00044890": "reduce the risk associated with shut-down and low power operations, this is further", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00110-00044890-00044990": "indication of", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00111-00044990-00045260": "note worthy progress.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00112-00045260-00045873": "In the area of event response, we responded to a number of events in 2017,", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00113-00045873-00046350": "including providing support following the catastrophic hurricanes that caused widespread", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00114-00046350-00046450": "pain and", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00115-00046450-00046979": "suffering for people in the states of Texas, Florida, Georgia, as well as the Caribbean", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00116-00046979-00047079": "including", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00117-00047079-00047291": "Puerto Rico.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00118-00047291-00048168": "NRCs were deployed to support the response to the tragic and destructive events.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00119-00048168-00048756": "Regarding back fitting, we've completed our actions to improve processes, training, and", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00120-00048756-00049399": "guidance, and continue our efforts to update the associated guidance documents.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00121-00049399-00049499": "Our efforts to", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00122-00049499-00050013": "improve the efficiency and consistency of our licensing reviews continue.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00123-00050013-00050126": "We achieved significant", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00124-00050126-00050736": "improvement in the timeliness of operating reactor licensing reviews, reduce our backlog", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00125-00050736-00050836": "and", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00126-00050836-00051278": "enhanced our effectiveness in monitoring work and insuring predictability.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00127-00051278-00051407": "We completed reviews", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00128-00051407-00052249": "of our remaining combined license workload, issuing for unit three, the William states", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00129-00052249-00052708": "and Levy,", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00130-00052708-00053195": "turkey points six and seven application.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00131-00053195-00053435": "Regarding design certifications, we completed", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00132-00053435-00054223": "phases  and are on schedule to complete this review", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00133-00054223-00054476": "in 42 months.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00134-00054476-00054700": "We also achieved a number of", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00135-00054700-00055164": "significant milestones in the area of rule making, including developing the rule making", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00136-00055164-00055264": "regulatory", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00137-00055264-00055860": "basis for decommissioning reactors and emergency preparedness for small modular reactors.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00138-00055860-00055960": "We", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00139-00055960-00056548": "proposed regulatory guide on cyber security for fuel cycle facilities.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00140-00056548-00056683": "Finally, in the", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00141-00056683-00057232": "international area, we developed the U.S. country report and provided significant leadership", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00142-00057232-00057332": "that", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00143-00057332-00057931": "contributed to a successful seventh review meeting with a convention on nuclear safety.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00144-00057931-00058419": "We've also continued to look ahead at a number of other issues that, while perhaps no longer", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00145-00058419-00059475": "considered emerging, are never the less continuing to evolve, small modular, advanced non-light,", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00146-00059475-00060126": "fuel, and agility initiatives.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00147-00060126-00060524": "Regarding small modular reactors, or SMRs, we're currently", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00148-00060524-00061092": "reviewing new scale power for SMR design certification.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00149-00061092-00061277": "We're also reviewing an application from", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00150-00061277-00062104": "the Tennessee valley authority to evaluate the suitability for potential new small modular", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00151-00062104-00062222": "reactors.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00152-00062222-00062688": "Both of these reviews are proceeding on the established schedules.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00153-00062688-00062788": "In the area of", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00154-00062788-00063561": "advanced non-light reactors, we've made significant progress in advancing the near term action", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00155-00063561-00064066": "items associated with the NRC's vision and strategy.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00156-00064066-00064342": "For example, we issued our regulatory review", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00157-00064342-00065400": "road map for advancing non-light order reactors.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00158-00065400-00067120": "They are taking steps to resolve key policy", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00159-00067120-00067386": "issues.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00160-00067386-00068008": "We've also engaged in some form of pre-application activities with five designers, while", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00161-00068008-00068562": "a number of other potential preapplicants have participated in activities and could", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00162-00068562-00068662": "formally", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00163-00068662-00069108": "engage in formal activities in a later date.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00164-00069108-00069420": "Another issue is the use of accident tolerant", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00165-00069420-00069742": "fuel for light water reactors.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00166-00069742-00070280": "ATF is expected to improve safety models in normal and accident", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00167-00070280-00070589": "conditions when compared to fuel types today.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00168-00070589-00071024": "The NRC has two focus areas.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00169-00071024-00071124": "In the near term, we", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00170-00071124-00072117": "will clarify the NRC's position, and in the longer term will develop and implement an", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00171-00072117-00072217": "agency-wide", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00172-00072217-00072757": "ATF project plan that is informed by the industry and department of energy's time line for", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00173-00072757-00073104": "introducing accident tolerant fuel.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00174-00073104-00073417": "Regarding our efficiency, effectiveness, and agility", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00175-00073417-00074399": "initiatives since the last RIC, the NRC completed the major deliverables approved by the", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00176-00074399-00074776": "commission in June 2015.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00177-00074776-00075211": "Activities focus on improvements in NRC's performance, right sizing our", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00178-00075211-00076210": "work force correct with our workload, and streamlining processes.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00179-00076210-00076482": "The NRC remains committed to", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00180-00076482-00077058": "leveraging the innovation that began under project AIM to identify new initiatives and", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00181-00077058-00077158": "enhance our", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00182-00077158-00077341": "regulatory processes.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00183-00077341-00077751": "But we also recognize that continuing to deliver on our safety and security", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00184-00077751-00078347": "mission is enabled by better collaboration, improved planning, and more effective change", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00185-00078347-00078451": "management.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00186-00078451-00079231": "Bob Iger, the CEO of Disney once said the riskiest thing we can do is maintain the", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00187-00079231-00079361": "status quo.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00188-00079361-00079961": "But I subscribe to the notion that there's no such thing as the status quo; you're", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00189-00079961-00080557": "either improving or declining.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00190-00080557-00081098": "Our commitment to regulating with excellence in the 21st", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00191-00081098-00081608": "century, to be clear, this commitment does not alter our reasonable assurance of adequate", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00192-00081608-00081942": "protection standard for public health and safety.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00193-00081942-00082362": "It reaffirms our value of excellence in all we", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00194-00082362-00082598": "do.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00195-00082598-00082992": "The foundation for regulating with excellence is established in our just published", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00196-00082992-00083562": "strategic plan for 2018 through 2022.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00197-00083562-00083882": "It provides the blueprint for the agency to plan,", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00198-00083882-00084354": "implement, and monitor the work needed to achieve our mission.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00199-00084354-00084470": "And I want to thank those members", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00200-00084470-00085007": "of the NRC staff as well as our excellent stakeholders who contribute to its development.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00201-00085007-00085107": "The", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00202-00085107-00085775": "latest strategic plan continues to emphasize our focus and commitment to goals of safety", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00203-00085775-00085875": "and", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00204-00085875-00085975": "security.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00205-00085975-00086489": "It includes a new vision statement that highlights the agency's commitment to", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00206-00086489-00087349": "regulation independence, reliability, and efficiency in performing our mission.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00207-00087349-00087449": "With the", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00208-00087449-00087923": "strategic plan as our foundation, there are three new organizational initiatives that", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00209-00087923-00088023": "I want to", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00210-00088023-00088361": "briefly introduce and were highlighted earlier by the chairman.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00211-00088361-00088593": "First, development by an explicit", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00212-00088593-00088820": "NRC leadership model.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00213-00088820-00089304": "Secondly, enhancing our process for strategic work force planning, and", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00214-00089304-00089725": "thirdly, stimulating innovation and transformation at the NRC.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00215-00089725-00089925": "I consider these three key", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00216-00089925-00090473": "initiatives to be pillars that will support and further institutionalize regulating with", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00217-00090473-00091042": "excellence in the 21st century, and ensure continued success in meeting the NRC safety", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00218-00091042-00091142": "and", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00219-00091142-00091488": "security objectives.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00220-00091488-00091999": "I directed the staff to begin an explicit NRC leadership model.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00221-00091999-00092099": "The", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00222-00092099-00092598": "leadership model, the first pillar we'll describe in a single document the organization's", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00223-00092598-00093223": "approaches, activities, and behaviors that the NRC uses individually and collectively", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00224-00093223-00093323": "to", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00225-00093323-00093850": "demonstrate leadership in fulfilling the NRC mission, achieving the NRC vision, and applying", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00226-00093850-00093976": "the", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00227-00093976-00094213": "organizational values.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00228-00094213-00094679": "The leadership model will describe who we are by describing why we do", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00229-00094679-00095397": "what we do, centered on our values, how we conduct ourselves as demonstrated by our fundamental", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00230-00095397-00096082": "behaviors, what we do as reflected in our key programs and processes, and what we aspire", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00231-00096082-00096182": "to be as", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00232-00096182-00096488": "shown in our vision and principles of good regulation.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00233-00096488-00096776": "The leadership model will recognize the", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00234-00096776-00097177": "fact that every NRC employee is a leader.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00235-00097177-00097439": "And it will articulate the kind of leaders we aspire to", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00236-00097439-00097639": "be.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00237-00097639-00098324": "We seek to obtain tangible results while guided by our principles and organizational values.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00238-00098324-00098816": "Finally the leadership model will focus on behaviors, recognizing that leaders are expected", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00239-00098816-00099605": "to apply effort across the three core areas of processes, partnerships, and people, to", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00240-00099605-00099705": "execute the", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00241-00099705-00100110": "strategies supporting our safety and security goals.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00242-00100110-00100269": "Although the NRC leadership model is", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00243-00100269-00101357": "internal, I wanted to discuss it today, because this unique investment provides clarity through", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00244-00101357-00101457": "an", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00245-00101457-00101935": "explicit leadership model will not only contribute to our effort to fulfill our mission, but", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00246-00101935-00102540": "strengthen our commitment to continuous improvement and sustaining performance.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00247-00102540-00102640": "It is an", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00248-00102640-00103178": "essential part of regulating with excellence in the 21st century.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00249-00103178-00103278": "The second pillar", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00250-00103278-00103888": "supporting regulating with excellence in the 21st century is strategic work force planning.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00251-00103888-00103988": "Our", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00252-00103988-00104484": "ability to fulfill our mission requires having the right number of people with the right", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00253-00104484-00104584": "skills", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00254-00104584-00104947": "and competencies in the right time and place.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00255-00104947-00105458": "While we're already performing work force planning,", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00256-00105458-00106294": "fulfilling our mission in an environment where work and workload changes, skills change,", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00257-00106294-00106394": "and", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00258-00106394-00107186": "onboard skill inventories shift, it's imperative that we better integrate with broader operational", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00259-00107186-00107300": "strategies.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00260-00107300-00107783": "To accomplish this, in January of last year, I formed a working group to develop a", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00261-00107783-00108438": "comprehensive integrated and systematic strategic work force planning process.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00262-00108438-00108538": "Our objective is", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00263-00108538-00109088": "to enhance the existing process by developing a more clear, more coherent and more comprehensive", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00264-00109088-00109885": "and consistent approach to implementing the agency's workload projection, skills identification,", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00265-00109885-00110548": "human capital management, individual development, and work force management activities.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00266-00110548-00110648": "With a", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00267-00110648-00111111": "strategic view of the future that provides us with data to perform a gap analysis to", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00268-00111111-00111211": "identify", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00269-00111211-00111922": "shortages and surpluses in the short and long term, we can develop strategies to align workload,", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00270-00111922-00112385": "competencies and organizational structure to meet the emerging needing and workload", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00271-00112385-00112485": "fluctuations.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00272-00112485-00113076": "A pilot of our enhanced strategic work force planning process is already underway in the", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00273-00113076-00113685": "office of regulatory research, region two, and office of the CFO.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00274-00113685-00113923": "If all goes as planned, we will", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00275-00113923-00114708": "deploy the strategic work force planning process across the agency in 2019.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00276-00114708-00114808": "The third and", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00277-00114808-00115230": "final pillar is innovation and transformation.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00278-00115230-00115430": "Many of the NRC's processes and much of our", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00279-00115430-00116103": "regulatory framework were developed to serve mid 20th century nuclear technologies and", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00280-00116103-00116203": "needs.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00281-00116203-00117033": "While they have, and continue to serve us well in accomplishing our mission, we recognize", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00282-00117033-00117133": "that", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00283-00117133-00117515": "the changes occurring in the nuclear industry will challenge this framework and additional", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00284-00117515-00117815": "regulatory change is needed.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00285-00117815-00118138": "The staff believes that this can be best facilitated through a", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00286-00118138-00118609": "combination of innovative and transformative change.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00287-00118609-00118806": "In my view, many of the activities that I", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00288-00118806-00119326": "discussed earlier in my remarks and other recent accomplishments represent innovative", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00289-00119326-00119426": "change", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00290-00119426-00119526": "initiatives.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00291-00119526-00119955": "These include, for example, the creation of centers of expertise to more effectively", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00292-00119955-00120472": "and efficiently conduct work, improvements in the licensing process and requests for", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00293-00120472-00120572": "additional", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00294-00120572-00121385": "information or RFIs, and these are innovative trainings.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00295-00121385-00121601": "Generally, I think of innovative", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00296-00121601-00122190": "change as those changes that improve regulatory efficiency and effectiveness through new or", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00297-00122190-00122775": "modified ways of conducting work within our existing regulatory framework.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00298-00122775-00122875": "Such proactive", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00299-00122875-00123397": "innovation is important, and we remain committed to advancing change in this very meaningful", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00300-00123397-00123558": "way.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00301-00123558-00124463": "We  now believe we have to do even more to respond", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00302-00124463-00124699": "to the expected use of new and novel", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00303-00124699-00125233": "technologies in the nuclear industry and in the regulation of areas such as digital", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00304-00125233-00126195": "instrumentation, control, accident tolerant fuel reviews, new materials and manufacturing", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00305-00126195-00126863": "approaches, for Big Data as well as small modular reactors and advanced reactor designs.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00306-00126863-00127550": "These changes compel us to consider making transformative changes, change evidenced through", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00307-00127550-00128194": "significantly different ways to regulate, enhancing our effectiveness, efficiency and", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00308-00128194-00128415": "agility.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00309-00128415-00128515": "We", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00310-00128515-00128967": "recognize this is not new to the NRC.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00311-00128967-00129414": "We showed our ability to transform when we implemented our", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00312-00129414-00130296": "reactor oversight process as well as when we applied part 52 regulation to license,", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00313-00130296-00130396": "certifying and", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00314-00130396-00130733": "approve new nuclear power plants.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00315-00130733-00131065": "To advance transformational change at the NRC, at the end", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00316-00131065-00131696": "of January, I created a transformation team with members from across the agency, and tasked", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00317-00131696-00131921": "it to", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00318-00131921-00132633": "gather innovation techniques, ideas and methodologies to successfully implement transformation,", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00319-00132633-00133290": "including strategies to enhance and sustain a transformative organizational culture.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00320-00133290-00133746": "And to", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00321-00133746-00134661": "create a strategy and change management plan Foster and sustain innovative culture at NRC.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00322-00134661-00134761": "I", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00323-00134761-00135180": "directed the team to submit a paper to me to seek support to advance this initiative.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00324-00135180-00135362": "The team", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00325-00135362-00136125": "has already begun to engage a variety of stakeholders internal and external to the NRC, and a RIC", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00326-00136125-00136563": "session will be held this afternoon to discuss this topic.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00327-00136563-00136895": "In closing, when I think about", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00328-00136895-00137297": "excellence, I'm reminded of college football in the United States.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00329-00137297-00137525": "And particularly, the", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00330-00137525-00138191": "accomplishments of one of my favorite teams, the crimson tide of the university of Alabama.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00331-00138191-00138291": "I was", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00332-00138291-00138630": "hoping for a -- I got two roll tides.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00333-00138630-00139093": "In response to a question about what he does to position", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00334-00139093-00139897": "his team to win, Nick Sabine said my job is to make sure we're ready for the next task,", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00335-00139897-00139997": "the next", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00336-00139997-00140555": "situation, anticipate what that's going to be, and make sure everyone understands their", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00337-00140555-00141028": "responsibility to correct any errors made on the last play.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00338-00141028-00141209": "All measures indicate that the NRC", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00339-00141209-00141745": "has continued to successfully achieve its safety and security mission.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00340-00141745-00141865": "We recognize that nuclear", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00341-00141865-00142236": "technology in the industry we regulate are changing.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00342-00142236-00142510": "The recent and ongoing activities that I've", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00343-00142510-00143091": "highlighted today are key parts of our proactive strategy to be ready for the next task, the", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00344-00143091-00143191": "next", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00345-00143191-00143714": "situation, to anticipate what's going to be and enable the NRC to continue to fulfill", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00346-00143714-00143814": "its safety", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00347-00143814-00144160": "and security mission with excellence in the 21st century.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00348-00144160-00144282": "Thank you for listening, and I'd be", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00349-00144282-00144600": "happy to take a few questions.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00350-00144600-00144924": "Thank you.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00351-00144924-00145463": "[ Applause ] >> BRIAN HOLIAN: Thank you, Vic.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00352-00145463-00145563": "Let's dive in.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00353-00145563-00145858": "There were four questions related to new reactors.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00354-00145858-00146088": "Let me read a couple of them", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00355-00146088-00146405": "and see if they all resonate with you.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00356-00146405-00146829": "What is your view to the idea that codes and standards, or", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00357-00146829-00147400": "SMRs, can be different from the big reactors?", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00358-00147400-00147700": "Provide your assessment on the success or lack", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00359-00147700-00148349": "thereof of part 52, what was envisioned in the plan benefits?", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00360-00148349-00148533": "What is NRC doing to support", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00361-00148533-00149219": "alternative or better technology such as liquid salt, high temperature gas?", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00362-00149219-00149345": "And finally, a", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00363-00149345-00150010": "comment on licensing approach to advanced reactors and the need for a fundal model and", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00364-00150010-00150110": "the nuke", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00365-00150110-00150539": "industry's statement that they need much clearer milestones for equity investors?", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00366-00150539-00150639": ">> VICTOR", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00367-00150639-00151328": "MCCREE: I didn't hear that last one quickly enough, but there are four that I will try", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00368-00151328-00151428": "to wade", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00369-00151428-00151528": "into.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00370-00151528-00151825": "If I need to throw a lifeline, I will.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00371-00151825-00152311": "First of all, we do recognize that codes and", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00372-00152311-00153292": "standards for small modular reactors, certainly for advanced reactors is something we need", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00373-00153292-00153392": "to look", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00374-00153392-00153576": "at.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00375-00153576-00154227": "Our three-part vision and strategy for advanced reactors does include identifying the", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00376-00154227-00154767": "technical and regulatory requirements that would be different for those reactor designs.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00377-00154767-00154867": "And I", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00378-00154867-00155514": "know that new reactors is parts of the office of research to try to identify what if any", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00379-00155514-00155614": "different", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00380-00155614-00156108": "codes and standards would be needed to safely license those designs.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00381-00156108-00156349": "I cannot recall if there are", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00382-00156349-00157194": "any -- actually, there are a couple of examples where the different standards applying for", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00383-00157194-00157294": "the", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00384-00157294-00157764": "ongoing small modular reactor view, that is new scale.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00385-00157764-00158301": "We are making advances in that area.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00386-00158301-00158401": "As", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00387-00158401-00159005": "for the success or lack of success of part 52, I think at the highest level, the jury", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00388-00159005-00159288": "is still out", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00389-00159288-00160040": "it was one of two examples of transformative change that I alluded to.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00390-00160040-00160226": "When part 52 was", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00391-00160226-00160969": "envisioned, it was obviously envisioned with an ability to seek an early site permit, gain", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00392-00160969-00161070": "a", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00393-00161070-00162316": "vendor design certification, and then submitting a license for a -- each have been exercised", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00394-00162316-00162559": "successfully.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00395-00162559-00163105": "At the highest level, I believe part 52 has been tried and true.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00396-00163105-00163226": "But like with any", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00397-00163226-00163947": "other initiative, there are opportunities to improve, and we've conducted lessons learned", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00398-00163947-00164254": "already", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00399-00164254-00164922": "for the design certification as well as in our application of the combined operating", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00400-00164922-00165026": "license,", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00401-00165026-00165967": "issuing combined operating licenses for both summer as well as for -- But again, I think", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00402-00165967-00166067": "the", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00403-00166067-00166315": "jury is still out on the success.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00404-00166315-00167186": "We remain committed to improvements in each of those areas.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00405-00167186-00167286": "As", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00406-00167286-00168240": "far as licensing approaches for advanced reactors, we did issue a road map for flexible stage", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00407-00168240-00168685": "review for advanced reactors in December.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00408-00168685-00169110": "I believe that's one of the -- about half a dozen", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00409-00169110-00169527": "strategies are part of our near term efforts.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00410-00169527-00170130": "As part of our visioning strategy, we identified a", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00411-00170130-00170534": "three-part strategy, a near term, midterm, and long term strategy.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00412-00170534-00170740": "The near term strategy action", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00413-00170740-00171664": "items, we've made a lot of significant progress in those, and again our road map for licensing", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00414-00171664-00171764": "in", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00415-00171764-00172020": "a flexible stage review is just one element of that.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00416-00172020-00172145": ">> BRIAN HOLIAN: Thank you.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00417-00172145-00172245": "There are", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00418-00172245-00172765": "three or four questions related to risk and risk-informed thinking and I'll summarize", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00419-00172765-00173074": "them.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00420-00173074-00173544": "Transformation will require a cultural change to achieve a paradigm shift.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00421-00173544-00173644": "And it's difficult to", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00422-00173644-00173987": "change culture, often, at the NRC.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00423-00173987-00174361": "What are we doing to ensure the leadership is strong and", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00424-00174361-00174728": "behind cultural transformation?", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00425-00174728-00175172": "Risk thinking has been cited as a priority, yet training seems to", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00426-00175172-00175354": "come out as a main focus.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00427-00175354-00175795": "Do you think more policy and process changes are needed?", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00428-00175795-00175953": "That was", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00429-00175953-00176053": "summarizing.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00430-00176053-00176599": ">> VICTOR MCCREE: So I think at the highest level, we've been on a journey on", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00431-00176599-00177109": "becoming more risk informed for over four decades.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00432-00177109-00177430": "The commission issued, we just recognized the", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00433-00177430-00179417": "42nd anniversary of the just a significant amount of guidance that we have employed successfully", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00434-00179417-00180065": "in the oversight process, to risk-informed oversight process and other complementary", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00435-00180065-00180165": "regulatory", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00436-00180165-00180265": "guides.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00437-00180265-00180502": "But we recognize that we're on a journey.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00438-00180502-00181017": "The commission directed us in 2016 to take", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00439-00181017-00182422": "another look at what we're doing in the area of risk informing activities.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00440-00182422-00182529": "We recognize that part", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00441-00182529-00182662": "of that is cultural.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00442-00182662-00183074": "Culture, people, processes, procedures, etc.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00443-00183074-00183248": "And in an atmosphere for", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00444-00183248-00183710": "making decisions that consider risk.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00445-00183710-00183810": "So we're on a journey.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00446-00183810-00184061": "I know the leadership team embraces", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00447-00184061-00184716": "risk in our decision-making process, and we have to continue to focus on that area.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00448-00184716-00184907": ">> BRIAN", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00449-00184907-00186003": "HOLIAN: One last question, Vic, in light of time, have the goals of AIM2020 been achieved?", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00450-00186003-00186103": "If not,", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00451-00186103-00186844": "does the new strategic plan further the aim of 2020 or will it supercede it?", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00452-00186844-00187223": ">> VICTOR MCCREE:", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00453-00187223-00188039": "Staff did complete the 19 specific tasks that the commission directed in project AIM.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00454-00188039-00188139": "We also", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00455-00188139-00188686": "have completed 149 of 150 tasks.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00456-00188686-00189213": "But the essence of project AIM is enduring, and it will continue", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00457-00189213-00189467": "as I mentioned and the chairman mentioned.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00458-00189467-00189802": "That is for the NRC to be more effective, more", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00459-00189802-00190094": "efficient, and agile.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00460-00190094-00190704": "We met to talk about where we were, because we had briefed the commission", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00461-00190704-00191266": "on the status of project AIM, again, having achieved -- completed the 19 items and at", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00462-00191266-00191366": "that point,", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00463-00191366-00191466": "148 of 150.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00464-00191466-00191850": "And we asked ourselves, where do we go from here?", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00465-00191850-00192059": "And we reminded ourselves, again,", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00466-00192059-00192550": "that the ethos is to continue to improve.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00467-00192550-00193019": "With excellence, it's not a destination, it's an", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00468-00193019-00193220": "aspiration.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00469-00193220-00193686": "So we've not completed project AIM, because it's enduring.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00470-00193686-00193840": "Our focus on innovation", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00471-00193840-00194683": "and transformation is a continuation of what we learned because of our refocus on project", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00472-00194683-00194945": "AIM.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00473-00194945-00195412": "It's one of those goals that you never reach, but you are always aspiring to.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00474-00195412-00195512": ">> BRIAN", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00475-00195512-00195924": "HOLIAN: We have other questions, and I'll remain at the podium.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00476-00195924-00196024": "If you have a question that", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00477-00196024-00196124": "didn't quite make it, I'll stay here for that reference.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00478-00196124-00196224": "But thank you.", "0MG_dSHEQsy-00479-00196224-00196224": "Thank you, Vic."}}, {"audio_id": "0NoWZW_gqn0", "text": {"0NoWZW_gqn0-00000-00000024-00000384": "Hi My name is Mariekris Alana", "0NoWZW_gqn0-00001-00000384-00000664": "I am 33 years old Filipino citizen", "0NoWZW_gqn0-00002-00000664-00001232": "and I am looking for a Virtual Assistant position within fast growing, high-energy company", "0NoWZW_gqn0-00003-00001368-00001784": "For the past 5 years I have been the main point person in our department", "0NoWZW_gqn0-00004-00001848-00002000": "in doing reports about", "0NoWZW_gqn0-00005-00002072-00002448": "sales volume & revenues, process admin works", "0NoWZW_gqn0-00006-00002448-00002776": "and leads in processing statements of accounts nationwide", "0NoWZW_gqn0-00007-00002776-00003112": "in one of the fast growing companies in the Philippines.", "0NoWZW_gqn0-00008-00003272-00003436": "I’ve been told by others that", "0NoWZW_gqn0-00009-00003436-00003808": "I am a resourceful employee who loves to innovate", "0NoWZW_gqn0-00010-00003808-00004256": "and come up with ideas that will contribute to our group.", "0NoWZW_gqn0-00011-00004256-00004456": "Currently, I am a fulltime mom,", "0NoWZW_gqn0-00012-00004456-00004896": "an online seller and a local drop shipper at the time.", "0NoWZW_gqn0-00013-00004896-00005168": "I do multitasking with less supervision.", "0NoWZW_gqn0-00014-00005232-00005512": "If you are looking for a fast learner, committed", "0NoWZW_gqn0-00015-00005512-00005824": "well organized with a detail oriented individual", "0NoWZW_gqn0-00016-00005824-00006032": "and with an entrepreneurial mindset,", "0NoWZW_gqn0-00017-00006032-00006208": "I am your candidate.", "0NoWZW_gqn0-00018-00006312-00006608": "Feel free to connect with me thru my email", "0NoWZW_gqn0-00019-00006608-00006920": "and skype: mariekris.alana@gmail.com", "0NoWZW_gqn0-00020-00007120-00007248": "Thank you for watching!", "0NoWZW_gqn0-00021-00007248-00007352": "Have a great day!", "0NoWZW_gqn0-00022-00007352-00007576": "and Hope to speak with you soon!"}}, {"audio_id": "0Nsx7Sru-QU", "text": {"0Nsx7Sru-QU-00000-00000363-00000773": "Education Talks Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Education", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00001-00000800-00000923": "My name is Marco Neves,", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00002-00000940-00001146": "I am from Portugal, I'm an Informatics teacher", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00003-00001200-00001763": "and I've been a consultant in the field of Digital Education for the last years.", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00004-00001800-00002286": "We have four different subtopics.", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00005-00002319-00002576": "One is about AI to support teaching", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00006-00002657-00003040": "and here we are mainly making a reference", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00007-00003070-00003300": "to the tools and the platform", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00008-00003363-00003920": "that can support the teacher in terms of evaluation, assessment", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00009-00003978-00004266": "and also monitoring the students", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00010-00004296-00004773": "or even facilitating all the work of the teachers.", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00011-00004871-00005403": "Another subtopic in the learning with AI is about AI for teaching students", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00012-00005460-00005720": "and we have different kinds of platforms here", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00013-00005750-00006130": "that can be integrated in the teaching and learning process.", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00014-00006162-00006740": "One of them is, for example, the intelligent or the dialogue-based tutoring systems.", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00015-00006799-00007163": "This is a particular field we are focused more", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00016-00007170-00007409": "in terms of the student learning,", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00017-00007457-00007790": "but we also have the dialogue-based tutoring systems,", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00018-00007812-00008023": "the exploratory learning environment,", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00019-00008036-00008463": "so there are different types of tools and platforms here that can be used.", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00020-00008491-00008763": "And the last subtopic is about", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00021-00008776-00009070": "AI to support diagnostic and system-wide planning,", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00022-00009135-00009570": "and here we have, for example, learning analytics", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00023-00009600-00009823": "or even tools that can help", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00024-00009883-00010130": "students with different learning difficulties,", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00025-00010186-00010336": "such as dyslexia.", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00026-00010350-00011063": "We see different kinds of tools that can be used", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00027-00011128-00011610": "for example, to support the students to learn different kinds of languages", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00028-00011628-00012203": "and we have apps that can easily be used by teachers and also by students.", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00029-00012254-00012750": "We can also see different tools in the field of math, for example,", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00030-00012803-00013480": "that can be very useful in terms of supporting the learning process of the students.", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00031-00013548-00013873": "And we are starting also to see different tools", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00032-00013895-00014440": "that can be very useful for teachers in terms of assessment.", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00033-00014457-00014866": "Some examples could be AI tools for collaborative learning,", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00034-00014941-00015073": "continuous assessment.", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00035-00015128-00015328": "For example, we have for the students", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00036-00015519-00015803": "some kind of AI learning companions", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00037-00015832-00016013": "to interact with", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00038-00016084-00016420": "and have some kind of support and feedback", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00039-00016464-00016766": "not only focused on the traditional assessment", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00040-00016827-00017183": "but also to be able to inform teachers and students", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00041-00017196-00018146": "about other skills, such as soft skills.", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00042-00018173-00018560": "We have to be aware", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00043-00018610-00019243": "of the ethical obligations, for example, of private organisations,", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00044-00019260-00019570": "i.e., the developers of AI in education.", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00045-00019643-00019846": "Also, in terms of the public authorities,", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00046-00019873-00020586": "such as schools and universities that are involved in the AI education research.", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00047-00020649-00021063": "But we also have to be aware of the ethical implications", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00048-00021095-00021536": "of not being able to easily know", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00049-00021566-00021906": "how these deep decisions are made", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00050-00022106-00022703": "by these AI algorithms nowadays, mainly in terms of neural networks.", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00051-00022788-00023283": "And also, what are the ethical consequences of encouraging students", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00052-00023352-00023996": "to work autonomously with this AI supported software?", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00053-00024049-00024263": "It's very important that we create", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00054-00024360-00024716": "opportunities for the teachers to know what AI is,", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00055-00024771-00024976": "how AI is impacting our lives,", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00056-00025020-00025526": "so they can bring this subject to the classroom,", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00057-00025580-00026039": "and take a look at the subjects they are teaching,", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00058-00026053-00026286": "and consider how they are being impacted by AI,", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00059-00026316-00026553": "to make students be aware of AI.", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00060-00026577-00027089": "It's not just a question of digital divide, we are moving also to a field", "0Nsx7Sru-QU-00061-00027153-00027413": "that we can call the AI divide."}}, {"audio_id": "0NRuZhO-nkM", "text": {"0NRuZhO-nkM-00000-00000927-00001453": "Hey there, it's Tyrone from Outsourcing Live and it's been a great month for the month", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00001-00001453-00001561": "of November.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00002-00001561-00002021": "Amazingly, it's been so, so quick and I'm really excited to share with you something", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00003-00002021-00002148": "that's interesting.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00004-00002148-00002465": "Now I don't want to go through all the stats and all that kind of stuff, you can actually", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00005-00002465-00002709": "check it out on my blog over here.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00006-00002709-00003154": "Actually it shows you everything that I've accomplished this month and once again, the", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00007-00003154-00003753": "blog has increased in traffic which is a great sign particularly my videos on my channel", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00008-00003753-00004482": "has increased about 32% and also too, all my podcasts have increased by about 30% as", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00009-00004482-00004582": "well.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00010-00004582-00004942": "So it's been a great month in terms of traffic for that side of things and things are growing", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00011-00004942-00005042": "organically.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00012-00005042-00005575": "And also just to mention as well I'm ranked number 8 right now on page one of the keyword", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00013-00005575-00006128": "term outsourcing so we've finally made it to the first page of Google for the keyword", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00014-00006128-00006243": "term outsourcing.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00015-00006243-00006734": "But, as I've mentioned in the last month's report, I'm going to start to actually show", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00016-00006734-00007259": "you every one of the monthly videos a little tip that I've discovered over the month and", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00017-00007259-00007553": "something that you can and something that I think you could easily apply and improve", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00018-00007553-00007938": "just the traffic for your blog particularly for videos.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00019-00007938-00008415": "So as I talk about outsourcing as my particular topic, I'm using very, very heavily right", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00020-00008415-00008879": "now videos to promote and talk about outsourcing online.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00021-00008879-00009513": "And as you may or may not noticed, Youtube has just recently updated their whole Youtube", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00022-00009513-00010032": "layout and as you can see it's pretty clean, very neat.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00023-00010032-00010293": "And there are some pros and cons to it.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00024-00010293-00010954": "I personally like it, it's quite nice but in saying that, the old channel did a few", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00025-00010954-00011177": "extra functions that is missing.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00026-00011177-00011488": "It's gone really clean where I can't even see where the words are.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00027-00011488-00011982": "So usually on this channel you get a word saying that you're ranked 74th for today for", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00028-00011982-00012579": "the top amount of traffic that you're getting for etc that kind of stuff.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00029-00012579-00012800": "And also too, the comments are also missing as well.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00030-00012800-00013274": "You have to actually click onto a link to see all the comments which is very, very important", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00031-00013274-00013680": "for building lots of traffic and backlink to your site or your channel.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00032-00013680-00014176": "So that is something that I think is missing and I think they're just continually editing", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00033-00014176-00014297": "and modifying.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00034-00014297-00014722": "But what I want to share with you today is a little thing that I just discovered myself.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00035-00014722-00015308": "Previously, when I was looking this out and checking it out, making sure that what was", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00036-00015308-00015945": "possible was that before we could only add one link to the right hand side here or left", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00037-00015945-00016268": "hand side actually to our sites.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00038-00016268-00016533": "Now, as you can see I've got 2 links here.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00039-00016533-00017001": "I can actually put probably 3, 4, 5 in maybe 10, I'm not 100% sure but I'm just sticking", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00040-00017001-00017101": "on the safe side.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00041-00017101-00017745": "And I've put 2 links specifically keyword-targeted like outsourcing here and Mass Outsource Mastermind", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00042-00017745-00017986": "which are specifically my websites.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00043-00017986-00018340": "This one here is the blog and this one here is to my Mass Outsource Mastermind course", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00044-00018340-00018604": "which I train people on how to outsource.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00045-00018604-00019064": "Anyway the reason why I'm saying this to you is that at the moment you can't see any links", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00046-00019064-00019379": "or you can't see a line strike through it.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00047-00019379-00019920": "And what I mean by that is it means it's a dofollow link which means that whenever link", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00048-00019920-00020468": "you put there, Google actually passes the link juice back to your blog or to your website", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00049-00020468-00020698": "which is a huge, huge thing.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00050-00020698-00021080": "Like you'll see this is loading up right now in a few seconds.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00051-00021080-00021311": "On the left hand side I just had a look at my feed.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00052-00021311-00021854": "See these links here, these links have been crossed out which means they're nofollow but", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00053-00021854-00022459": "when you have a look at the links on the right which are 2 links here, these are dofollow.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00054-00022459-00022945": "Now for the people who don't know what nofollow and dofollow means, it means that if it's", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00055-00022945-00023415": "a dofollow it's a good sign and you want more of those links back to your site particularly", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00056-00023415-00023728": "where you've got the keyword that says whatever it is.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00057-00023728-00024200": "For my term it's outsourcing and that's the reason why Google looks at this highly.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00058-00024200-00024664": "So it's a really positive sign that you can actually add more links here directing to", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00059-00024664-00024779": "your sites.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00060-00024779-00025290": "Now I don't recommend going crazy in adding 10 or 15 onto your site or channel.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00061-00025290-00025733": "What I recommend you do is just add maybe 2 or 3 so that way it links directly there.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00062-00025733-00025982": "And I'll quickly just show you right now how to do it.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00063-00025982-00026136": "So you log in to your channel.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00064-00026136-00026627": "Click on Edit Channel over here on the right hand side and right over here where it says", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00065-00026627-00027029": "Info and Settings, you'll be able to actually edit this.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00066-00027029-00027295": "Hmm, my fault.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00067-00027295-00027487": "I shouldn't be clicking that one there.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00068-00027487-00027737": "It should be over here actually, it's down here.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00069-00027737-00027995": "So ignore me on what I said there it's actually here.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00070-00027995-00028166": "Edit, there we go.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00071-00028166-00028607": "There's a button, click on Edit and there we go right here.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00072-00028607-00028827": "Oops, stop that.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00073-00028827-00029212": "So as you can see right here there's 2 links here.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00074-00029212-00029656": "Because it's throwing up advertisements now I don't know why but you can actually add", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00075-00029656-00029756": "in.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00076-00029756-00030297": "For example Add a New Link, I might say SEO Services because I do have SEO Services Company", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00077-00030297-00031522": "and also I'll put in the direct link to it so it's http://www.seoserviceshq.com.au.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00078-00031522-00032025": "So I'll click on Add and guess what, I got SEO Services right there and that's actually", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00079-00032025-00032655": "added here and I'll click on Save or Apply and you'll see that on the right hand side,", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00080-00032655-00033099": "that will update with the link back to SEO Services which is fantastic and that's given", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00081-00033099-00033730": "my PR 6 which is over here, you can see it's PR 6 up here to all these other sites.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00082-00033730-00034127": "I'll stop that and it's a positive sign.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00083-00034127-00034975": "So if that makes any sense for you, hopefully it does, and obviously the higher the PR links", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00084-00034975-00035278": "that you get back to your websites the better it is for you.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00085-00035278-00035641": "That's all I can say and that's why I think I've been getting a lot more traffic and also", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00086-00035641-00036030": "a lot more ranking better in Google for all my sites recently.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00087-00036030-00036475": "All right, if you really, really enjoyed this, please feel free to leave a comment down below", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00088-00036475-00036892": "and don't forget to read my monthly report to check out what I talked about that way", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00089-00036892-00037253": "you can pick up some tips and pointers on how to be able to improve and get traffic", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00090-00037253-00037813": "from Youtube back to your website and also learn how I outsource all these as well.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00091-00037813-00038260": "So if you have any questions just feel free to leave it down below here as you can see", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00092-00038260-00038400": "at Outsourcinglive.com.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00093-00038400-00038781": "All right thanks very much for watching this, my name is Tyrone Shum and I'll see you inside", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00094-00038781-00038881": "the next video.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00095-00038881-00039013": "Bye for now.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00096-00039013-00039362": "If you're looking to outsource your video editing or production or looking to learn", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00097-00039362-00039869": "more about building an online audience using videos then subscribe to my newsletter at", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00098-00039869-00040008": "Outsourcinglive.com.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00099-00040008-00040522": "I'll send you a free video course showing you where to and also how to find the best", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00100-00040522-00040786": "video editors to outsource your video production.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00101-00040786-00041256": "Also, you'll get tips on what software to use and practical tips on getting videos created", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00102-00041256-00041442": "fast and easy.", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00103-00041442-00041943": "This video course is completely free so head over to Outsourcinglive.com and enter your", "0NRuZhO-nkM-00104-00041943-00042103": "email address to get access."}}, {"audio_id": "0NX51uHh6Q0", "text": {"0NX51uHh6Q0-00000-00000100-00000200": "Hello everyone", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00001-00000200-00000700": "Welcome the tutorial on Formation of molecules in GChemPaint.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00002-00000800-00001000": "In this tutorial, we will learn to", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00003-00001100-00001300": "* Add and modify structure of compounds", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00004-00001400-00001500": "* Change current element", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00005-00001600-00001700": "* Add Alkyl groups", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00006-00001800-00002000": "* Add and modify carbon chain", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00007-00002100-00003200": "Here I am using Ubuntu Linux OS version. 12.04 GChemPaint version 0.12.10", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00008-00003300-00003700": "To follow this tutorial you should be familiar with,", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00009-00003800-00004000": "GChemPaint chemical structure editor.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00010-00004100-00004600": "If not, for relevant tutorials,  please visit our website.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00011-00004700-00005300": "Here is slide for the structures of Propane, Butane and Heptane.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00012-00005400-00006200": "I have opened a new GChemPaint application with  Propane and Butane structures as shown in the slide.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00013-00006300-00006900": "Let's replace the terminal Carbon atoms in  Butane structure with Chlorine atoms.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00014-00007000-00007400": "For this I will use  Periodic table combo button.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00015-00007500-00007800": "Click on the Current element drop-down arrow button.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00016-00007900-00008200": "This button is known as Periodic table combo button.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00017-00008300-00008600": "Observe the built-in Modern periodic table.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00018-00008700-00008900": "Click on Cl from the table.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00019-00009000-00009200": "Observe Cl in the tool box.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00020-00009300-00009600": "Click on Add or modify an atom tool.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00021-00009700-00010200": "Click on the terminal atoms to replace them with Clorine (Cl) atoms.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00022-00010300-00010700": "The new structure obtained is 1,2-Dichloroethane.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00023-00010800-00011100": "Let's write its name below the structure.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00024-00011200-00011500": "Click on Add or modify a text tool.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00025-00011600-00011800": "Text tool's property page opens.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00026-00011900-00012200": "Click on the Display area below the structure.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00027-00012300-00012700": "You can see the blinking cursor enclosed in a green box.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00028-00012800-00013300": "Type 1,2-Dichloroethane in the box .", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00029-00013400-00014000": "Click on Select one or more objects tool, to close the text tool's property page.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00030-00014100-00014700": "Next let's replace the central Carbon atom  in Propane structure with Oxygen atom.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00031-00014800-00015200": "Place the cursor near the central atom of  Propane structure.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00032-00015300-00015400": "Press capital O.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00033-00015500-00015800": "A Sub-menu with O and Os  opens.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00034-00015900-00016000": "Select O.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00035-00016000-00016500": "Carbon and Hydrogen atoms will be replaced by Oxygen atom.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00036-00016600-00017000": "The new structure obtained is  Dimethylether.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00037-00017100-00017300": "Let's write its name below the structure.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00038-00017400-00017700": "Click on Add or modify a text tool.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00039-00017800-00018000": "Click on the Display area below the structure.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00040-00018100-00018500": "Type  Dimethylether in the box.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00041-00018600-00018700": "Let's save the file now.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00042-00018800-00019100": "Click on Save the current file icon on the toolbar", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00043-00019200-00019400": "Save as dialog box opens.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00044-00019500-00019900": "Enter the file name as Chloroethane-ether.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00045-00020000-00020200": "Click on Save button.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00046-00020300-00020600": "Let's Click on Close button to close the window.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00047-00020700-00020800": "Here is an assignment", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00048-00020900-00021100": "Draw 'Ethane and Pentane structures.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00049-00021200-00021500": "Replace one Carbon atom of Ethane with Br.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00050-00021600-00022000": "Replace the terminal Carbon atoms of Pentane with I.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00051-00022100-00022400": "Your completed assignment should look like this.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00052-00022500-00022800": "Now I will explain about Alkyl groups.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00053-00022900-00023200": "Alkyl group is a fragment of  Alkane.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00054-00023300-00023900": "For example:  Methyl CH3 is a fragment of Methane CH4", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00055-00024000-00024500": "Successive members of an  Alkyl group differ by a  CH2 group.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00056-00024600-00024900": "Homologues of the Alkyl group series  include,", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00057-00025000-00025400": "Methyl  CH3", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00058-00025500-00025900": "Ethyl  C2H5", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00059-00026000-00026200": "Propyl C3H7", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00060-00026300-00026800": "Butyl C4H9  and so on.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00061-00026900-00027400": "I have opened a new GChemPaint application with Heptane structure.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00062-00027500-00027900": "Now I will demonstrate how to number the carbon chain positions.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00063-00028000-00028300": "Numbering helps to identify the chain positions.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00064-00028400-00028700": "Click on Add or modify a text tool.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00065-00028800-00029100": "Click on the Display area near the first chain position.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00066-00029200-00029400": "Enter 1 in the green box.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00067-00029500-00029800": "Next, click near the second chain position.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00068-00029900-00030100": "Enter 2 in the box.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00069-00030200-00031200": "Likewise I will number the other chain positions as 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00070-00031300-00031800": "Now let's branch Heptane using Alkyl groups at  various positions.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00071-00031900-00032300": "Let us add a Methyl group  to the third position.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00072-00032400-00032900": "Click on Add a bond or change the multiplicity of existing one tool.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00073-00033000-00033100": "Click on the position.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00074-00033200-00033500": "Observe the change in the atoms.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00075-00033600-00033900": "Let us add an  Ethyl  group on the fifth position.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00076-00034000-00034200": "Click on Add a chain tool.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00077-00034300-00034500": "Click on the position.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00078-00034600-00035000": "Next I will display atoms on all positions.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00079-00035100-00035200": "Right-click on the position.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00080-00035300-00035400": "A Submenu opens", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00081-00035500-00035800": "Select Atom and then click on Display symbol.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00082-00035900-00036500": "Likewise I will display atoms at other positions.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00083-00036600-00037100": "Let's see how many times we can branch at one position.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00084-00037200-00037700": "Click on Add a bond or change the multiplicity of existing one tool.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00085-00037800-00038000": "Click on the fourth position.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00086-00038100-00038200": "Click again.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00087-00038300-00038600": "Observe the branching in the Carbon chain.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00088-00038700-00038900": "Try to click for the third time.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00089-00039000-00039200": "We do not see the branching.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00090-00039300-00039800": "Note that branching is possible only twice at each position.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00091-00039900-00040200": "This is because it satisfies Carbon's tetra valency.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00092-00040300-00040600": "To save the file, Press CTRL+ S.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00093-00040700-00040900": "Save as dialog box, opens.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00094-00041000-00041200": "Enter the file name as Alkyl Groups.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00095-00041300-00041600": "Click on  Save button.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00096-00041700-00041900": "Let's Summarize what we have learnt.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00097-00042000-00042200": "In this tutorial we have learnt to,", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00098-00042300-00042600": "* Add and modify structure of compounds", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00099-00042700-00042800": "* Change current element", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00100-00042900-00043100": "* Add Alkyl groups", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00101-00043200-00043400": "* Add and modify carbon chain", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00102-00043500-00043513": "As an assignment,", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00103-00043600-00043700": "Draw Octane structure .", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00104-00043800-00044400": "Add Propyl and Butyl groups at the fourth and fifth positions of the chain.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00105-00044500-00044800": "Your completed assignment should look like this.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00106-00044900-00045200": "Watch the video available at this URL http://spoken-tutorial.org/What_is_a_Spoken_Tutorial", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00107-00045300-00045700": "It summarises the Spoken Tutorial project", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00108-00045800-00046100": "If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00109-00046200-00046600": "The Spoken Tutorial Project Team Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00110-00046700-00047000": "Gives certificates to those who pass an online test", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00111-00047100-00047600": "For more details, please write to contact@spoken-tutorial.org", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00112-00047700-00048100": "Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00113-00048200-00048800": "It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00114-00048900-00049400": "More information on this Mission is available at this link  http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00115-00049500-00049800": "This brings us to the end of this tutorial.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00116-00049900-00050100": "Animation is done by Udhaya Chandrika.", "0NX51uHh6Q0-00117-00050200-00050700": "This is Madhuri Ganpathi from IIT Bombay signing off. Thank you for joining."}}, {"audio_id": "0povhw6u79M", "text": {"0povhw6u79M-00000-00000103-00000200": "Nick: Rock N Roll...", "0povhw6u79M-00001-00000217-00000386": "TannMann64: Alright, back to RECORDIN'!", "0povhw6u79M-00002-00000413-00000483": "oh yeah", "0povhw6u79M-00003-00000514-00000714": "TannMann64: 'Ey, if you kiss the camera, I'll give you a dollar.", "0povhw6u79M-00004-00000773-00000906": "That Audience Guy: MIRROR PARTS, LET'S GO!", "0povhw6u79M-00005-00000953-00001083": "Nick: Yeah. Thank you, everyone! Whoo!", "0povhw6u79M-00006-00001230-00001473": "Nick singing Naive: Sat on the floor", "0povhw6u79M-00007-00001473-00001703": "Nick singing Naive: Pulling it out", "0povhw6u79M-00008-00001703-00001909": "Nick singing Naive: Out from the bottom", "0povhw6u79M-00009-00001909-00002409": "Nick singing Naive: To take you away from me", "0povhw6u79M-00010-00002409-00002646": "Nick singing Naive: Take you away...", "0povhw6u79M-00011-00002646-00002832": "...eeeeeeeeEEEEEEEYEAH!", "0povhw6u79M-00012-00003236-00003436": "Nick: This song's called \"ruinyourtime\", thank you.", "0povhw6u79M-00013-00003469-00003952": "Nick: *epic solo swag*", "0povhw6u79M-00014-00003976-00004102": "Nick: Yeah!", "0povhw6u79M-00015-00004165-00004612": "*Wild Crowd givin' some whoos and cheers*", "0povhw6u79M-00016-00004722-00004922": "Nick singing ruinyourtime: Nothing more I just thought", "0povhw6u79M-00017-00004922-00005245": "Nick singing ruinyourtime: I just really miss your arms in mine", "0povhw6u79M-00018-00005592-00005795": "Nick singing ruinyourtime: I should've asked, I should've known", "0povhw6u79M-00019-00005795-00006118": "Nick singing ruinyourtime: I just didn't want to ruin your time", "0povhw6u79M-00020-00006188-00006338": "Nick singing ruinyourtime: (ruin your time)", "0povhw6u79M-00021-00006482-00007272": "Nick: *Lilac solo*", "0povhw6u79M-00022-00007325-00007428": "Nick: Let's try it, now!", "0povhw6u79M-00023-00007628-00008148": "Nick singing Lilac: Take me away", "0povhw6u79M-00024-00008165-00008365": "Diego: *EPIC DRUM FILL*", "0povhw6u79M-00025-00008421-00008551": "Nick singing spotless: Melancholia", "0povhw6u79M-00026-00008618-00008875": "TannMann64: .....*weird hybrid of cheering and monkey noises*", "0povhw6u79M-00027-00008881-00008978": "Nick: Go! Go!", "0povhw6u79M-00028-00009025-00009138": "Nick: Headless, Spineless, Impatient"}}, {"audio_id": "0pGgs8XUHrM", "text": {"0pGgs8XUHrM-00000-00000137-00000583": "Pelle: Hello and welcome to breakfast with Pelle, Daniel,and the Working Class History", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00001-00000583-00000745": "book. My name isPelle.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00002-00000745-00001240": "Daniel: And my name is Daniel, and we're a son andfather who like to read Working Class", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00003-00001240-00001787": "History: Everyday Acts of Resistance and Rebellion. Oftentogether while we eat breakfast.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00004-00001787-00002365": "Pelle: We usually start by one of us reading out the entries for that dayand then asking", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00005-00002365-00002865": "each other questions and thinking about what those events mean to us today. We'reoften", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00006-00002865-00003098": "unfamiliar with the event or with context,", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00007-00003098-00003623": "but we always end the conversation feeling alittle bit wiser.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00008-00003623-00004201": "Daniel: For the Anarchist Pedagogies Network festival, School Revolt 2022,", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00009-00004201-00004545": "we thoughtwe'd share some of those conversations with you.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00010-00004746-00007691": "[interlude - background sound: the noise of preparing breakfast and coffee]", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00011-00007719-00008437": "Daniel: Okay, hi everyone. Today it's March 14th, andwe're gonna read the two entries", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00012-00008437-00008956": "from Working Class History for that particular day. So do youwant-- Do you want to read it", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00013-00008956-00009121": "Pelle, or should I?", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00014-00009121-00009807": "Pelle: Uh, you, you. Daniel: Okay, yeah, so March 14th, 1970. That'sfour", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00015-00009807-00010126": "years before I was born.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00016-00010136-00010752": "\"Two sailors, Alvin Glatkowski and Clyde McKay, mutinied to protest the war and took control", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00017-00010752-00011372": "of the SS Columbia Eagle, which was carrying ten thousand tons of napalm for the US military", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00018-00011372-00012000": "in Vietnam. They then sailed the ship to Cambodia, which was neutral at the time, to prevent", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00019-00012007-00012509": "the cargo being used. Initially, they appeared", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00020-00012509-00012663": "to have succeeded,", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00021-00012663-00013243": "as the Cambodian government agreed to their demands and gave them asylum. But, unfortunately", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00022-00013243-00013453": "for the mutineers, just days later, there was", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00023-00013453-00013935": "a military coup, and a new pro-US regime took power.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00024-00013935-00014626": "Glatkowski and McKay were locked up and the ship handed back to US forces. McKay managed to", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00025-00014626-00015229": "escape from prison and joined Khmer Rouge guerillas in the countryside. The guerillas later killed him.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00026-00015229-00015748": "Glatkowski eventually returned to the US and was jailed for ten years.\"", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00027-00015748-00016270": "Pelle: What's a coup? Daniel: So, yeah, this... So, it talksabout", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00028-00016270-00016484": "a military coup. It's basically, in", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00029-00016484-00016950": "this case, where the military take over for maybea variety of reasons, but they take", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00030-00016950-00017254": "over control (Pelle: Take over governments?)", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00031-00017254-00017753": "Yeah, basically, yeah. And then usually whathappens is there's a period where the military controls", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00032-00017753-00018276": "things and then another, um, let's say government steps in, right?", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00033-00018276-00018376": "(Pelle: Yeah.)", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00034-00018376-00018917": "So it describes the other government as a\"pro-US regime,\" so you know it wouldn't have been,", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00035-00018917-00019351": "like, voted in but probably people put into government.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00036-00019351-00019571": "(Pelle: Yeah.)", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00037-00019665-00021856": "Pelle: (in Norwegian) They took over the ship that was going to bomb somewhere. And they", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00038-00021856-00022665": "took over the ship they were going to bomb with", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00039-00022665-00023379": "Pelle: (in Norwegian) And they steered it away, they stopped it, because napalm is a", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00040-00023379-00024484": "very extreme way to die (Daniel: Yeah, exactly.)", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00041-00024484-00025480": "They thought... that's why they didn't want it to happen because it's too unbelievable", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00042-00025480-00025761": "Daniel: Yeah, I mean, I'm thinking just, like. therisk they took then, right? So they take", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00043-00025761-00026412": "over this military ship, right? Like you say it's-- Like, it says \"10,000 tons of napalm.\"", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00044-00026412-00026908": "Pelle: (in Norwegian) that's a lot. Daniel: Yeah, and it's on its way to Vietnam, uh,", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00045-00026908-00027505": "that's kind of one of the-- If you like the wars that, you know, it's kind of well-known", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00046-00027505-00027877": "for-- (Pelle: Napalm?) Yeah, and its use or the US use of napalm.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00047-00027877-00028288": "It's been used other places, but... But it's particularly well-known there. (Pelle: Yeah.)", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00048-00028288-00028506": "And how uh, how destructive it was.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00049-00028506-00028816": "Pelle: (in Norwegian) It's one of the most well-known wars.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00050-00028816-00029127": "Daniel: Yeah, so they took over the ship. You know,that's kind of a risk, you know,", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00051-00029127-00029227": "they risked", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00052-00029227-00029583": "being like court martialed. Maybe even,like I'm assuming, like sentenced to", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00053-00029583-00029799": "death as well. Could be like the-- the punishment.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00054-00029799-00030458": "Pelle: (in Norwegian) Yes, because it was legal... it's still legal to be sentenced", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00055-00030458-00030826": "to death in America now.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00056-00030826-00031151": "Daniel: Yeah, there are somestates in the US that have that.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00057-00031151-00031489": "Pelle: (in Norwegian) Yes, and here it was all of them, almost. Yes, it was all of them", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00058-00031489-00032245": "at that time. So they took a huge risk doing it. It was very brave. That they dared to", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00059-00032245-00032345": "do it.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00060-00032345-00032761": "Daniel: That's right. Actually, um, WorkingClass History have a podcast on this.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00061-00032761-00033175": "Pelle: (in Norwegian) About this? Daniel: Yeah, if you look closely in the book,", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00062-00033175-00033362": "you can see there's a little reference.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00063-00033362-00033886": "Um, which I listened to, uh, a while back. It wasreally interesting. And yeah, obviously,", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00064-00033886-00034488": "it took some planning as well so the two who-- who carriedthis out, you know, took a long", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00065-00034488-00034829": "time. They were very careful in how they... how they did this.And they had like a pretty", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00066-00034829-00034984": "good plan in place.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00067-00034984-00035531": "Um, yeah, very kind of very dangerous, but um...Also incredible, you know. Thinking", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00068-00035531-00036453": "about like putting out... in a way, out of action all those... all that... all that napalm.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00069-00036453-00036690": "Because we've talked a littlebit about napalm, right?", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00070-00036690-00036902": "(Pelle verbally indicates yes.)", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00071-00036902-00037450": "Um, yeah. Um, I can't remember what connection it was in, but when maybe... when we've talked", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00072-00037450-00037969": "about Vietnambefore. Pelle: Yeah, yeah... (in Norwegian). How deadly", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00073-00037969-00038890": "napalm is. How it's such an incredibly bad way to die. It's very painful.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00074-00038890-00039770": "Daniel: Yeah. Oh yeah, I mean it's like a, um... It's likethey call it like a petrochemical.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00075-00039770-00039870": "It's like...", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00076-00039870-00040037": "It's like petrol or gasoline, right? (Pelle: Yeah.)", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00077-00040037-00040422": "But it burns like at a much higher temperature and uh...", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00078-00040422-00040950": "Like, so it destroys a lot more, and it's also, I think, like kind of... like sticky,", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00079-00040950-00041355": "if you can describe it in that way.So it sticks to things when it burns them.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00080-00041355-00041812": "And of course that includes people, right? Uh,and other animals. So it's it's just", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00081-00041812-00041912": "really...", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00082-00041912-00042365": "Pelle: (in Norwegian) So it's not just people who die, there's lots of animals lives that", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00083-00042365-00042634": "are completely wiped out.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00084-00042634-00043053": "Daniel: Yeah. I mean, a lot of this was, like,dropped in. Like, I think in, like uh... forest or", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00085-00043053-00043603": "jungle areas. (Pelle: forests) Yeah so like, yeah,you destroy, like, huge parts of the...", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00086-00043603-00044159": "of the landscape, essentially, with this with these... with these bombs.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00087-00044425-00045302": "Pelle: (in Norwegian) Maybe we should move on to March 14 2018?", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00088-00045417-00045998": "Daniel: Yeah good idea. Soyeah, March 14th, 2018. It says here:", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00089-00045998-00046562": "\"Marielle Franco, a bisexual Afro-Brazilian socialist and feminist was assassinated in", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00090-00046562-00046780": "Rio de Janeiro. Raised in a", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00091-00046780-00047355": "favela (or shanty town) in the city, she began work at the age of eleven, and later raised", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00092-00047355-00047455": "a daughter", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00093-00047455-00047890": "as a single mother working for the minimum wage, before being elected to the city council", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00094-00047890-00048171": "in 2016.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00095-00048171-00048681": "The day before her murder, she had spoken out against extrajudicial killings by police", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00096-00048681-00049253": "and paramilitaries. The bullets that killed her had been purchased by the federal police.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00097-00049253-00049681": "The minister of public security claimed that the bullets were stolen from a post office,", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00098-00049681-00049781": "but this", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00099-00049781-00050324": "lie was retracted when the post office publicly stated it was untrue.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00100-00050324-00050796": "At the time of writing, four suspects have been arrested for the murder, all with ties", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00101-00050796-00051068": "to state security forces, and two of them", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00102-00051068-00051688": "with links to the family of right-wing president Jair Bolsonaro. Another suspect, a former", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00103-00051688-00051788": "police", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00104-00051788-00052205": "officer, was shot and killed by police in February 2020, as they were attempting to", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00105-00052205-00052752": "arrest him.\"", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00106-00052752-00053091": "So yeah, this takes place in Rio deJaneiro in Brazil.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00107-00053091-00053354": "Pelle: (in Norwegian) Yes, in 2018, not so long ago.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00108-00053354-00053712": "Daniel: That's right, yeah.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00109-00053750-00054732": "Pelle: Is it exactly four years ago? Daniel: Exactlyfour years ago, yeah. Um...", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00110-00054732-00055113": "Pelle: On this day?", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00111-00055113-00055654": "Daniel: A really tragic story of somebody who I think wasvery well liked in, uh, the", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00112-00055654-00055757": "city by a lot of people,", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00113-00055757-00056222": "particularly in the area where she came from... these these shanty towns in and around the city.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00114-00056287-00057180": "Um, so yeah. And then of course, being killed shortlyafter speaking out against, you know,", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00115-00057180-00057301": "the kinds", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00116-00057301-00057821": "of, like, crimes that are committed by... by uh... bythe state police, the federal", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00117-00057821-00058000": "police.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00118-00058261-00058963": "We've also... we've talked about this one before because I remember we we talked a little", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00119-00058963-00059151": "bit about this... this aboutthe bullets. (Pelle: Yeah.) You remember that?", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00120-00059151-00059900": "Pelle: Yeah. (in Norwegian) That those that were used were shot by some people who aren't", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00121-00059900-00060000": "the police", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00122-00060000-00060401": "Pelle: (in Norwegian) But (Daniel: Or maybe. We don't know, right?)", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00123-00060401-00061083": "We don't know, but the ammo itself was from the police, who maybe they stole it from,", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00124-00061083-00061668": "we don't know, from the post office.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00125-00062222-00062771": "Daniel: Okay, so, remember the thing that you once asked me about this one was...", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00126-00062771-00063230": "yousaid, \"Well, of course the post office would say that they weren't stolen,\" and I", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00127-00063230-00063684": "thought like... Ithought it would be different to you because my first response was like...", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00128-00063684-00063984": "well, no, if they were stole-- if they were stolen, okay, that would be", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00129-00063984-00064139": "fine, but here the post office says no, this is alie.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00130-00064139-00064650": "(Pelle: Yeah.) You kind of had this interesting point which is maybe not that relevant hereto", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00131-00064650-00064857": "the... to the, uh, entry. But...", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00132-00064857-00065291": "Pelle: They probably have... (in Norwegian) yes, they have to say that in a way.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00133-00065291-00065960": "Daniel: Yeah. Why do you think they have to... Pelle: (in Norwegian) So they don't look bad.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00134-00065960-00066969": "So people don't think they have poor security, that people can just take things, simply.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00135-00067000-00067301": "Daniel: Yeah, I mean, I think here what's especially kind oftragic with this is, you", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00136-00067301-00067460": "know, like somebody who's", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00137-00067460-00067970": "clearly, like, very much kind of engaged in politics--local politics trying to make", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00138-00067970-00068204": "things better, right?", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00139-00068204-00068648": "And you know, basically that... You know, she's she's risking her life", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00140-00068648-00069098": "for doing it. And of course, she ends uplosing her life-- or being murdered, right?", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00141-00069098-00069588": "Because of taking a stand and becauseof trying to make things better.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00142-00069588-00069692": "Yeah.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00143-00070347-00071045": "Okay, well, that's-- Those are the two entriesfor today, right? March 14th. Um, I guess we'll,", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00144-00071045-00071379": "uh read-- go through March 15th tomorrow.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00145-00071417-00071727": "Pelle: Yeah.There was some long ones today.", "0pGgs8XUHrM-00146-00071727-00071911": "Daniel: Yeah. They were."}}, {"audio_id": "0pRavd2pjAE", "text": {"0pRavd2pjAE-00000-00000038-00000405": "A new study tries to show that the kids of gay and lesbian parents are worse off than", "0pRavd2pjAE-00001-00000405-00000540": "the kids of straight parents.", "0pRavd2pjAE-00002-00000540-00000843": "We'll take a look at all of the problems with that study, and there's a lot of them.", "0pRavd2pjAE-00003-00000843-00001267": "Montana Democrats endorse marriage equality, while Montana Republicans call for throwing", "0pRavd2pjAE-00004-00001267-00001473": "gay couples in jail.", "0pRavd2pjAE-00005-00001473-00001921": "But now a major GOP donor is throwing his support -- and his money -- to a drive to", "0pRavd2pjAE-00006-00001921-00002174": "elect more LGBT-friendly Republicans.", "0pRavd2pjAE-00007-00002174-00002518": "At the American Foundation for Equal Rights, I'm Matt Baume, and welcome to Marriage News", "0pRavd2pjAE-00008-00002518-00002764": "Watch for June 18, 2012.", "0pRavd2pjAE-00009-00002764-00003183": "Following President Obama's lead, there's growing consensus within the Democratic party", "0pRavd2pjAE-00010-00003183-00003352": "for supporting marriage equality.", "0pRavd2pjAE-00011-00003352-00003811": "This week party leaders in two conservative states -- Texas and Montana -- confirmed their", "0pRavd2pjAE-00012-00003811-00003911": "support for marriage.", "0pRavd2pjAE-00013-00003911-00004011": "Texas Democrats will send a record number of LGBT delegates to the convention in September.", "0pRavd2pjAE-00014-00004011-00004291": "There's growing Republican support for the freedom to marry as well.", "0pRavd2pjAE-00015-00004291-00004758": "Paul Singer is a prominent Republican donor and a major supporter marriage equality projects", "0pRavd2pjAE-00016-00004758-00005022": "like AFER's Prop 8 case.", "0pRavd2pjAE-00017-00005022-00005456": "He's announced a new political action committee to elect GOP candidates who support marriage", "0pRavd2pjAE-00018-00005456-00005595": "equality.", "0pRavd2pjAE-00019-00005595-00005998": "Singer has pledged one million dollars to start what he's calling the \"American Unity", "0pRavd2pjAE-00020-00005998-00006107": "PAC.\"", "0pRavd2pjAE-00021-00006107-00006573": "But not every Republican has taken notice of the 13 national polls that show a majority", "0pRavd2pjAE-00022-00006573-00006804": "of Americans support marriage equality.", "0pRavd2pjAE-00023-00006804-00007250": "This week ten Republican Senators and two former attorneys general filed briefs in support", "0pRavd2pjAE-00024-00007250-00007583": "of DOMA, the federal ban on marriage recognition.", "0pRavd2pjAE-00025-00007583-00008007": "And in Montana, where the Democratic delegates recently endorsed marriage equality, the Republican", "0pRavd2pjAE-00026-00008007-00008438": "party platform still calls for imprisoning gays and lesbians.", "0pRavd2pjAE-00027-00008438-00008943": "The 2012 legislative session has ended in Rhode Island, with no vote on bills to legalize", "0pRavd2pjAE-00028-00008943-00009043": "marriage.", "0pRavd2pjAE-00029-00009043-00009338": "Rhode Island currently has civil unions, but very few couples have expressed an interest", "0pRavd2pjAE-00030-00009338-00009713": "in the severely watered-down protections that civil unions offer.", "0pRavd2pjAE-00031-00009713-00010102": "Meanwhile, across the country, officials in Washington have confirmed that the state's", "0pRavd2pjAE-00032-00010102-00010425": "marriage equality bill will be on the ballot this November.", "0pRavd2pjAE-00033-00010425-00010871": "A new study out last week purports to show that the children of LGBT parents suffer when", "0pRavd2pjAE-00034-00010871-00011079": "compared to the kids of straight parents.", "0pRavd2pjAE-00035-00011079-00011388": "But the study is so riddled with problems that it actually doesn't show anything of", "0pRavd2pjAE-00036-00011388-00011488": "the sort.", "0pRavd2pjAE-00037-00011488-00011899": "The study was funded by two major anti-gay organizations: The Witherspoon Institute and", "0pRavd2pjAE-00038-00011899-00012064": "The Bradley Foundation.", "0pRavd2pjAE-00039-00012064-00012449": "It also doesn't really compare stable gay parents to stable straight parents.", "0pRavd2pjAE-00040-00012449-00012911": "Instead, it lumps all kinds of unstable relationships into the \"gay parent\" category.", "0pRavd2pjAE-00041-00012911-00013300": "They only examined parenting that occurred decades ago, before parents could even hope", "0pRavd2pjAE-00042-00013300-00013429": "to be married.", "0pRavd2pjAE-00043-00013429-00013693": "And the study didn't consider the length of relationships.", "0pRavd2pjAE-00044-00013693-00014115": "That's a big deal, because when you look at the data, you see that only 2 percent of respondents", "0pRavd2pjAE-00045-00014115-00014512": "reported having lived with a gay father for longer than 3 years.", "0pRavd2pjAE-00046-00014512-00014916": "The editor of the journal that published the study says that the raw data may be released", "0pRavd2pjAE-00047-00014916-00015016": "this fall.", "0pRavd2pjAE-00048-00015016-00015362": "At that point, independent researchers will be able examine the findings more closely.", "0pRavd2pjAE-00049-00015362-00015935": "In the mean time, a wide range of organizations have issued statements in support of LGBT", "0pRavd2pjAE-00050-00015935-00016035": "parenting.", "0pRavd2pjAE-00051-00016035-00016477": "That includes the American Academy of Pediatrics, American Medical Association, Child Welfare", "0pRavd2pjAE-00052-00016477-00017018": "League of America, American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, The American Psychiatric", "0pRavd2pjAE-00053-00017018-00017526": "Association, North American Council on Adoptable Children, Canadian Psychological Association,", "0pRavd2pjAE-00054-00017526-00017969": "and the Australian Psychological Society, among others.", "0pRavd2pjAE-00055-00017969-00018106": "And finally, an anniversary.", "0pRavd2pjAE-00056-00018106-00018487": "Forty-five years ago last week, the Supreme Court of the United States decided Loving", "0pRavd2pjAE-00057-00018487-00018911": "versus Virginia, overturning state laws that prohibited interracial marriage.", "0pRavd2pjAE-00058-00018911-00019375": "Years later, Mildred Loving herself stated, \"I support the freedom to marry for all.", "0pRavd2pjAE-00059-00019375-00019736": "That's what Loving [the case], and loving [each other], are all about.\"", "0pRavd2pjAE-00060-00019736-00019931": "I'm Matt Baume at the American Foundation for Equal Rights.", "0pRavd2pjAE-00061-00019931-00020031": "We'll see you next week.", "0pRavd2pjAE-00062-00020031-00020131": "Support for LGBT Parenting: • American Academy of Pediatrics", "0pRavd2pjAE-00063-00020131-00020231": "• American Medical Association • Child Welfare League of America", "0pRavd2pjAE-00064-00020231-00020331": "• American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry", "0pRavd2pjAE-00065-00020331-00020431": "• The American Psychiatric Association • North American Council on Adoptable Children", "0pRavd2pjAE-00066-00020431-00020431": "• Canadian Psychological Association • Australian Psychological Society"}}, {"audio_id": "0pcAnqGNZlk", "text": {"0pcAnqGNZlk-00003-00000534-00000746": "Dedicated to each one of us city-dwellers", "0pcAnqGNZlk-00004-00000746-00001044": "that spent a good percentage of our lives stuck in traffic", "0pcAnqGNZlk-00005-00002522-00002772": "Looking for a space to park, we keep driving around", "0pcAnqGNZlk-00007-00003024-00003150": "in the city, at dusk", "0pcAnqGNZlk-00008-00003264-00003528": "the smart  ones, they zip past ahead of you", "0pcAnqGNZlk-00009-00004098-00004248": "or else, it's \"No Parking\"", "0pcAnqGNZlk-00010-00004842-00005086": "slow down and look for a spot, you are greeted", "0pcAnqGNZlk-00011-00005100-00005300": "by the impatient grunts from behind", "0pcAnqGNZlk-00013-00005548-00005828": "disgruntled, we begin our quarrels", "0pcAnqGNZlk-00015-00005946-00006196": "yes. disgruntled, we begin our usual quarrels", "0pcAnqGNZlk-00016-00006276-00006478": "unable to reach where we wanted", "0pcAnqGNZlk-00017-00006478-00006609": "we stop where we could", "0pcAnqGNZlk-00018-00006640-00006802": "wandering into the wherever;", "0pcAnqGNZlk-00019-00006814-00007042": "purchasing the whatever's", "0pcAnqGNZlk-00020-00007080-00007352": "on the sinful interests we payback in installments", "0pcAnqGNZlk-00021-00007476-00007758": "only for them lucky ones who have planned ahead and got to the beach", "0pcAnqGNZlk-00022-00007778-00008166": "the sun would have set displaying the colorful grandeur", "0pcAnqGNZlk-00023-00008210-00008672": "sodium lamps officially declare that it is night indeed", "0pcAnqGNZlk-00024-00008914-00009224": "car radio sings on: \"tons of fun!\"", "0pcAnqGNZlk-00025-00009338-00009632": "nuf is nuf, we say, let's go back home", "0pcAnqGNZlk-00026-00009688-00009886": "it's 'no left turn' when we've to go left", "0pcAnqGNZlk-00027-00009972-00010206": "and 'no right turn' when we have to go right", "0pcAnqGNZlk-00028-00010232-00010510": "and 'no U-turn' if it's chuck let's go back.", "0pcAnqGNZlk-00029-00010612-00010866": "unable to separate oneself from the traffic worm", "0pcAnqGNZlk-00030-00010872-00011236": "going by the red-green beats .. slower-faster we pace", "0pcAnqGNZlk-00031-00011236-00011436": "we crawl on..   crawl on.. on...", "0pcAnqGNZlk-00032-00011436-00011524": "on..."}}, {"audio_id": "0OIX7Qg2G8U", "text": {"0OIX7Qg2G8U-00000-00000000-00000200": "Little Nightmares II Moving Wallpaper | FREE TO DOWNLOAD", "0OIX7Qg2G8U-00001-00000200-00000400": "Little Nightmares II Moving Wallpaper | FREE TO DOWNLOAD", "0OIX7Qg2G8U-00002-00000400-00000600": "Little Nightmares II Moving Wallpaper | FREE TO DOWNLOAD", "0OIX7Qg2G8U-00010-00002000-00002200": "Little Nightmares II Moving Wallpaper | FREE TO DOWNLOAD", "0OIX7Qg2G8U-00017-00003400-00003600": "Little Nightmares II Moving Wallpaper | FREE TO DOWNLOAD"}}, {"audio_id": "0P5EFXAS-2Q", "text": {"0P5EFXAS-2Q-00000-00000016-00000277": "There's always something that you can learn.", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00001-00000277-00000752": "WhatACUE did for me is open up my mind to trying", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00002-00000752-00001201": "certain techniques orpractices.", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00003-00001217-00002032": "I'm passionate about teaching and now that I have taken this course I think it's an investment in", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00004-00002032-00002456": "things that I'm going to be doing for the next, I don't know five, ten years.", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00005-00004112-00004656": "How can I improve my courses, goes a long way particularly as a new faculty member,", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00006-00004656-00005192": "right. Where oftentimes some of the PhD programs you come from it's kind of like, \"Hey you're", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00007-00005192-00005680": "teaching this class, this class, go for it, right. Make it your own, create the syllabus.\" But now", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00008-00005680-00006280": "it's actually time to say, \"Hey, there's actually practices that work when we talk about teaching.\"", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00009-00006280-00006888": "ACUE, it validated the things that I've been doing but it does help refine it. So, I had for example,", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00010-00006888-00007480": "learning outcomes in my courses. It didn't direct it at the student as being the learning, the", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00011-00007480-00008080": "the person that's learning. And so while I indicated this is going to be some concept or some", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00012-00008080-00008568": "feature you're going to learn, by putting it on the student, the student is going to apply this,", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00013-00008568-00009072": "the student is going to understand and I literally bring those learning outcomes back during the", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00014-00009072-00009568": "student's reflection, \"Do you feel like you've learned this?\" And some of them that feel like", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00015-00009568-00009968": "they're just overwhelmed they're like, \"Oh, of course I feel like I've learned that and while I", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00016-00009968-00010528": "may not have gotten the grade, have I achieved that program learning outcome or that course learningoutcome?\"", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00017-00010528-00011064": "This semester we started a journal on meditation. So every student goes and writes", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00018-00011064-00011568": "a little bit about them and it's phenomenal. I thought it's going to be more work for me", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00019-00011624-00012288": "to read all that, but the way they open up to me and I'm so much more connected with them now. So", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00020-00012288-00012673": "though the journal concept was a new concept for me.", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00021-00012673-00012936": "So providing other activities where students", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00022-00012936-00013456": "can contribute and earn those contribution points, and earn those active participation points. By", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00023-00013456-00013936": "for example, doing group activities where we have a small group that gets together", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00024-00013936-00014400": "and just discusses some things and then presents back to the entire class. So it", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00025-00014400-00014872": "gives everyone the opportunity to be an active participant without feeling like they have to", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00026-00014872-00015224": "speak up in a large classroom setting where they might not be as comfortable.", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00027-00015224-00015799": "So the jigsaw method,active learning method, is where you take a chapter", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00028-00015799-00016160": "and take different parts and assign different", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00029-00016160-00016800": "students or different groups those portions. Then you ask them to learn and they're going to teach", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00030-00016800-00017700": "their fellow students what they learned. Sothese are jigsaw but then they have to master itpretty well.", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00031-00017700-00018272": "And I found that students then end up learning and soaking that material very well", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00032-00018272-00018691": "and I think it was well received despite that I was doing it the first time.", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00033-00018691-00019448": "Well first ofall I shared my own experience because I'm first generation and I came to NIU in 1987", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00034-00019584-00020088": "and I was the first person in my family to do this. So I didn't have role models at home in my", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00035-00020088-00020832": "immediate family to help me thrive here and be successful.  So I let them", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00036-00020832-00021168": "know that I'm always here as a resource.", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00037-00021168-00021448": "One ofthe most impactful teaching techniques I use from", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00038-00021448-00022024": "the ACUE model modules was the idea of embracing diversity. I've done some other things in terms", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00039-00022024-00022536": "of including inclusive statements on my syllabus and whatnot. But one thing that stands out is the", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00040-00022536-00023080": "idea of, \"How are you creating sense of belonging in the classroom\"? Because I think that really goes a", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00041-00023080-00023648": "long way. One of the things I learned from ACUE is that learning comes from inside the student,", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00042-00023648-00024232": "but faculty have the opportunity to create a sense of belonging to help that learning come", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00043-00024232-00024808": "up from the student learning perspective. And being able to say, \"Hey, I'm creating this environment for", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00044-00024808-00025400": "you to be able to succeed, now you can utilize that as a way to grow as learners within my classroom.\"", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00045-00026160-00026792": "Having access to additional resources that make us better educators makes our university better. If our", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00046-00026792-00027193": "university is better, students want to come here, and it continues to grow.", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00047-00027193-00027345": "The work that's required", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00048-00027345-00028200": "of committing to the ACUE course is an investment, like many other investments that you sacrifice on", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00049-00028200-00028904": "the front end and then once you're done investing it starts paying back. And who does it pay back to?", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00050-00028976-00029727": "I think to students and to me as an instructor. If you're committed and passionate about teaching,", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00051-00029783-00030365": "you feel good when your students feel good about learning and enjoying taking your course.", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00052-00030365-00031008": "My day-to-day interactions with students, it's so much more fun and rewarding because the students", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00053-00031080-00031895": "feel they're seen and heard. I mean what else, what else would they want? So it's easy for me to", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00054-00031895-00032229": "get their attention because they know that I care about them,", "0P5EFXAS-2Q-00055-00032229-00033003": "that I connect with them. ACUE definitely helped me, gave me the tools to connect with them better."}}, {"audio_id": "0P6wQNjdg3o", "text": {"0P6wQNjdg3o-00000-00000324-00000604": "Warren Buffett's 5 SIMPLE, But Very POWERFUL LIfe Changing advice Will Change your Future", "0P6wQNjdg3o-00001-00000604-00000804": "Warren Buffett's 5 SIMPLE, But Very POWERFUL LIfe Changing advice Will Change your Future", "0P6wQNjdg3o-00002-00000804-00000854": "Warren Buffett's 5 SIMPLE, But Very POWERFUL LIfe Changing advice Will Change your Future", "0P6wQNjdg3o-00003-00000896-00001096": "Warren Buffett's 5 SIMPLE, But Very POWERFUL LIfe Changing advice Will Change your Future", "0P6wQNjdg3o-00004-00001096-00001146": "Warren Buffett's 5 SIMPLE, But Very POWERFUL LIfe Changing advice Will Change your Future", "0P6wQNjdg3o-00005-00001146-00001196": "Warren Buffett's 5 SIMPLE, But Very POWERFUL LIfe Changing advice Will Change your Future", "0P6wQNjdg3o-00006-00001205-00001405": "Warren Buffett's 5 SIMPLE, But Very POWERFUL LIfe 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POWERFUL LIfe Changing advice Will Change your Future", "0P6wQNjdg3o-00052-00006351-00006401": "Warren Buffett's 5 SIMPLE, But Very POWERFUL LIfe Changing advice Will Change your Future", "0P6wQNjdg3o-00053-00006424-00006624": "Warren Buffett's 5 SIMPLE, But Very POWERFUL LIfe Changing advice Will Change your Future", "0P6wQNjdg3o-00054-00006624-00006683": "Warren Buffett's 5 SIMPLE, But Very POWERFUL LIfe Changing advice Will Change your Future"}}, {"audio_id": "0PrQVgVPhOI", "text": {"0PrQVgVPhOI-00000-00000000-00001140": "♫ Lo-Fi Music ♫"}}, {"audio_id": "0QgMIJAvR-U", "text": {"0QgMIJAvR-U-00000-00000066-00000215": "Hi, it's Alex!", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00001-00000215-00000535": "Today I want to talk about how to respond to people", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00002-00000535-00000787": "who are telling you that something that you want,", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00003-00000787-00001159": "something you want to do or achieve is impossible.", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00004-00001159-00001398": "In the past, I talked about how", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00005-00001398-00001686": "believing that something is not possible", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00006-00001686-00002018": "can actually hinder your ability to make it happen.", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00007-00002018-00002127": "I shared a story,", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00008-00002127-00002489": "which you can watch in the previous video if you haven't.", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00009-00002489-00002826": "This one, though, I want to focus on talking to other people,", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00010-00002826-00003198": "so say you have some sort of goal, idea, or dream,", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00011-00003198-00003374": "something that you want to bring into the world,", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00012-00003374-00003646": "and let's say you're talking to someone about it.", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00013-00003646-00004129": "And, you're like: \"Hey,\" like, \"I really want to see this happen!\"", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00014-00004129-00004596": "And the other person says: \"Oh, that's never going to happen.\"", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00015-00004596-00004868": "This is the kind of thing that I actually have happen a lot,", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00016-00004868-00005062": "because I'm pretty idealistic,", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00017-00005062-00005442": "and I'm pretty talkative and open about the goals that I have", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00018-00005442-00005692": "for what I want to bring into being in the world.", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00019-00005692-00006051": "And I frequently hear people respond to me by saying:", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00020-00006051-00006287": "\"Oh, that's never going to happen,\" or like,", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00021-00006287-00006589": "sometimes they'll be sort of sarcastic, or joke about it like:", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00022-00006589-00006732": "\"Pffsh, good luck with that.\"", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00023-00006732-00006963": "You know, sort of, blowing me off.", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00024-00006963-00007363": "And for years, I kind of, would just get frustrated", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00025-00007363-00007547": "when people would react in this way.", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00026-00007547-00007886": "But I had this breakthrough. It was like,", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00027-00007886-00008184": "I think it may have even been last year, it was very recently.", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00028-00008184-00008286": "I was in a bakery,", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00029-00008286-00008528": "and I was talking to one of the employees in the bakery", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00030-00008528-00008707": "who I really like, and,", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00031-00008707-00008906": "I can't even remember what I was talking about,", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00032-00008906-00009007": "but I was like: \"Hey,\" like", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00033-00009007-00009267": "\"I really want to see this kind of thing happen.\"", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00034-00009267-00009446": "And the person said something like:", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00035-00009446-00009660": "\"Oh, well that's never going to happen.\"", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00036-00009660-00009904": "And I don't know what inspired me in the moment,", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00037-00009904-00010225": "but I called them out in a very specific way, I said:", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00038-00010225-00010524": "\"I don't agree that it's not going to happen.\"", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00039-00010524-00010742": "\"I think it's possible, and furthermore,\"", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00040-00010742-00011120": "\"I think that the belief that it's not going to happen\"", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00041-00011120-00011402": "\"is part of the mentality that's holding us back\"", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00042-00011402-00011599": "\"from making it happen.\"", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00043-00011599-00011885": "I kind of was like: \"Wow, that actually came out of my mouth.\"", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00044-00011885-00012164": "But I said that, and the other person was just like,", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00045-00012164-00012474": "it just stopped them, and their whole face changed.", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00046-00012474-00013034": "They were just like: \"Wow.\" like they paused before saying anything.", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00047-00013034-00013475": "And they were like: \"Wow, that's a really radical idea!\"", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00048-00013475-00013737": "Like, I could tell by how they responded,", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00049-00013737-00014062": "that it had changed their way of thinking,", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00050-00014062-00014383": "it sort of cut through this culture of like", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00051-00014383-00014787": "saying that things are not possible, and", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00052-00014787-00014954": "that was a very powerful moment to me.", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00053-00014954-00015359": "It inspired me to use that sort of similar technique", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00054-00015359-00015462": "in other situations.", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00055-00015462-00015904": "So, I want to share this with you in case you find it useful,", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00056-00015904-00016311": "so, you have some goal, some sort of idealistic goal,", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00057-00016311-00016512": "something that you want to bring into being in the world,", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00058-00016512-00016695": "and you're talking about it with others,", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00059-00016695-00017081": "and if you feel like you're getting shot down, try that.", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00060-00017081-00017481": "Try saying: \"Hey, I don't agree that it's not possible.\"", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00061-00017481-00017839": "\"I think it's possible, and furthermore I think that\"", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00062-00017839-00018365": "\"believing it's not possible is one of the things that's holding us back.\"", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00063-00018365-00018711": "Because people might not necessarily be thinking about it in that way,", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00064-00018711-00018850": "but I think that it's something that,", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00065-00018850-00019154": "if you actually think about it,", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00066-00019154-00019493": "it's pretty easy to realize how that can be true.", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00067-00019493-00019709": "And I think realizing that is really empowering,", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00068-00019709-00020131": "because it's often the first step in like building a consensus.", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00069-00020131-00020329": "Like when people start talking about", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00070-00020329-00020704": "things they want to see happen in the world in a way that is positive,", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00071-00020704-00021215": "and where they're like feeling solidarity and support from other people,", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00072-00021215-00021562": "then people start moving towards the goal,", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00073-00021562-00021754": "and that's a really awesome thing,", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00074-00021754-00022081": "and I think that being able to experience that is really valuable", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00075-00022081-00022387": "for actually achieving goals.", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00076-00022387-00022746": "If you like this video, if you have anything to add, please comment,", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00077-00022746-00023076": "please share it, and if you like what I have to say overall,", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00078-00023076-00023221": "please subscribe to my channel.", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00079-00023221-00023459": "I really get excited about every new subscriber!", "0QgMIJAvR-U-00080-00023460-00023724": "Thank you!"}}, {"audio_id": "0QnknxzoKxU", "text": {"0QnknxzoKxU-00000-00000000-00000288": "Check out Please Help Us! By serenaded Hero", "0QnknxzoKxU-00002-00015389-00015489": "Don't Forget to Subscribe!!!"}}, {"audio_id": "0QupA2SEPEy", "text": {"0QupA2SEPEy-00000-00000008-00001766": "AOC says she feared Capitol rioters were going to RAPE as well as kill her and believes 'white", "0QupA2SEPEy-00001-00001766-00002236": "supremacy and patriarchy' were driving forces behind Jan 6", "0QupA2SEPEy-00002-00002236-00002690": "Welcome to the Dum Dum news channel, dedicated to reviewing news stories from around the", "0QupA2SEPEy-00003-00002690-00002790": "world.", "0QupA2SEPEy-00004-00002790-00003275": "Help me trigger the YouTube algorithm by pressing the thumbs up button, subscribing to my channel,", "0QupA2SEPEy-00005-00003275-00003644": "leaving a comment, and sharing with someone you think would like this content.", "0QupA2SEPEy-00006-00003644-00004069": "Sources will be linked in the description so you can read the full details yourself.", "0QupA2SEPEy-00007-00004069-00004520": "Before I go into the main article here is a follow up to my Subway video, on the screen", "0QupA2SEPEy-00008-00004520-00005012": "you see that I went to the Subway contact form and submitted my feedback and I encourage", "0QupA2SEPEy-00009-00005012-00005155": "you to do the same.", "0QupA2SEPEy-00010-00005155-00005478": "That is the only way to let them know what you think of their new Ads.", "0QupA2SEPEy-00011-00005478-00005919": "The main article further states, She made the bombshell revelation in a CNN interview", "0QupA2SEPEy-00012-00005919-00006139": "with Dana Bash.", "0QupA2SEPEy-00013-00006139-00008922": "The", "0QupA2SEPEy-00014-00008922-00009413": "lawmaker blamed 'white supremacy and patriarchy' for sexualizing violence.", "0QupA2SEPEy-00015-00009413-00009731": "She also said misogyny and racism 'animated' the Capitol attack.", "0QupA2SEPEy-00016-00009731-00010266": "AOC revealed on Instagram in February that she is a sexual assault survivor.", "0QupA2SEPEy-00017-00010266-00010659": "At another point Bash asked AOC if she would primary Senator Schumer.", "0QupA2SEPEy-00018-00010659-00011099": "Her firebrand progressive politics unseated a 10-term Democrat lawmaker.", "0QupA2SEPEy-00019-00011099-00011440": "Schumer's allies worry she might do the same in a Senate primary race.", "0QupA2SEPEy-00020-00011440-00011540": "AOC was also coy when asked about a Senate bid earlier this year.", "0QupA2SEPEy-00021-00011540-00011898": "In my opinion, this is a woman that will say almost anything that will stir the emotional", "0QupA2SEPEy-00022-00011898-00012124": "fears of people to rally to her side.", "0QupA2SEPEy-00023-00012124-00012510": "This kind of person should come with a warning label, she reminds me of someone that can", "0QupA2SEPEy-00024-00012510-00012691": "get people to believe outlandish things.", "0QupA2SEPEy-00025-00012691-00012791": "There was absolutely zero reports of these kind of things taking place.", "0QupA2SEPEy-00026-00012791-00013184": "I heard of 1 person being killed at this event and that was by the officers that were protecting", "0QupA2SEPEy-00027-00013184-00013322": "the people in the building.", "0QupA2SEPEy-00028-00013322-00013868": "There was no burning like the BLM riots, no looting like the BLM riots and no people getting", "0QupA2SEPEy-00029-00013868-00014071": "beat up in the streets like the BLM riots.", "0QupA2SEPEy-00030-00014071-00014729": "I don’t want to dismiss her fear completely, but I give still a 9 out of 10 on the BS scale,", "0QupA2SEPEy-00031-00014729-00015084": "and say AOC you’re an idiot for using your platform to fearmonger.", "0QupA2SEPEy-00032-00015084-00015309": "Those are my thoughts, what are yours?", "0QupA2SEPEy-00033-00015309-00015743": "Leave them in the comments below, please share this video for education and awareness, For", "0QupA2SEPEy-00034-00015743-00015965": "the Dum Dum news channel, I’m Dum Dum."}}, {"audio_id": "0QV4kLs5pcy", "text": {"0QV4kLs5pcy-00000-00000000-00001396": "beautylacehair.com"}}, {"audio_id": "0Qcec493Hqu", "text": {"0Qcec493Hqu-00000-00000000-00000282": "like and sub for suff"}}, {"audio_id": "0R9GWBcgJR4", "text": {"0R9GWBcgJR4-00000-00001280-00001592": "So, I think we'll go ahead and get started.", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00001-00001968-00002640": "So, welcome everybody this is a section that's looking at", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00002-00002752-00003320": "Research Data Management Implications of the Carnegie Mellon Cloud Lab Project", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00003-00003392-00004176": "um i'm CliffLlynch and i'll be sort of moderating a conversation with Dean of Libraries,", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00004-00004176-00004928": "Keith Webster from the Carnegie Mellon University just as a tiny bit of background", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00005-00005064-00006040": "this is a follow-on to the closing plenary from the December 2021 in in-person meeting i hope", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00006-00006040-00006816": "many of you have seen that plenary or the video recording that we subsequently made available", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00007-00006872-00007944": "that plenary focused on sort of the high level strategic implications of the cloud lab effort for", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00008-00008136-00008704": "the research enterprise at Carnegie Mellon and beyond as a whole there are a lot of", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00009-00008704-00009368": "really interesting questions about what this means sort of on the ground for research data", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00010-00009368-00009960": "management and the role of libraries and scholarly communication that we just didn't", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00011-00009960-00010864": "have time to get into on um in the december session and i certainly heard a number of uh", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00012-00010864-00011536": "comments in the evaluations expressing interest in delving into this more keith has very graciously", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00013-00011536-00012216": "agreed to come back and talk some of these questions over and um he's going to start", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00014-00012216-00013096": "with a very quick kind of recap and re refresher on the project as a whole and then we'll dive into", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00015-00013232-00013832": "questions and discussion and take some additional questions from the audience over to you keith", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00016-00014072-00014632": "thanks cliff and good afternoon everyone it's great to be back at another in-person cni it feels", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00017-00014632-00015344": "like normality is on its way back so i'm going to do a very quick summary of what we presented", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00018-00015344-00015863": "in december for those of you who haven't had the chance to to look at what we did i was part of a", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00019-00015863-00016448": "three-person presentation team along with the dean of our college of science and one of the", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00020-00016448-00017016": "co-founders of the emerald cloud lab on whose work we are building so let me just give you a quick", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00021-00017016-00017656": "overview of what an arthur cloud lab is and then we can dig into what does this mean for libraries", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00022-00017656-00018296": "as we see these sorts of operations come to fruition i think there are two big issues we need", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00023-00018296-00019176": "to deal with the first is how do we advance open science open data in the context of a commercially", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00024-00019176-00020048": "sensitive operation as emerald is and secondly i've lost my thread already um secondly how do we", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00025-00020048-00020776": "cope with the data deluge if you've got a lab that is working 24 7 365 days of the year what does", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00026-00020776-00021424": "this mean in terms of working through data sets and figuring out what you keep what you don't keep", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00027-00021696-00022056": "i stole this slide from from rebecca or our dean of science", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00028-00022056-00022488": "the recognition that we are entering an unprecedented era of science", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00029-00022544-00023088": "that we're seeing vast amounts of data as i've already mentioned the application", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00030-00023456-00023984": "i'm", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00031-00024304-00024672": "let me try a different mic see if that's better okay great", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00032-00024728-00025376": "uh so we're seeing vast amounts of data as i've already mentioned we are seeing ai technologies", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00033-00025376-00026176": "being brought to bear on research and on data analysis and we are seeing an increasing amount of", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00034-00026288-00026792": "research that is crossing disciplinary boundaries a lot of interdisciplinary", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00035-00026792-00027439": "research a lot of trans-disciplinary research as we see the formation of entirely new disciplines", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00036-00027680-00028072": "my wife who's sitting in the audience made the point to me last week that if we think about", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00037-00028072-00028744": "the structure of library support for research to a large extent we are still operating in the", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00038-00028744-00029295": "20th century mindset of the individual librarian and the individual researcher", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00039-00029368-00030120": "but so much of the research we are trying to support is being conducted by teams of hundreds", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00040-00030120-00030864": "if not thousands of researchers we've all been aware of these thousand authors plus papers and", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00041-00030864-00031480": "the last data point i saw was more than a thousand thousand author papers being generated per annum", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00042-00031536-00032272": "um typically with research teams from more than 60 different countries how do we think about", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00043-00032272-00032912": "library support for research on that scale and how do we change the ways in which we think about", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00044-00032912-00033368": "how we organize our work and that's a large part of the narrative behind", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00045-00033368-00033784": "what we're thinking about i've got a video coming up so i'm not going to belabor the", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00046-00033856-00034552": "overview here but the broad point about the cloud lab is that it's a remote controlled facility", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00047-00034552-00035384": "largely powered by robots and remote sensors with some technician support we are building", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00048-00035440-00036160": "our cloud lab at cmu on the model developed at the emerald cloud lab in san francisco the ecl", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00049-00036160-00036976": "was founded by a couple of cmu alums around about 15 years ago it is designed to support primarily", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00050-00037144-00037616": "research being conducted by silicon valley startups biotech companies", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00051-00037616-00038304": "and was designed therefore with a high degree of commercial confidentiality a lot of data security", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00052-00038304-00039080": "around access to the materials contained in the cloud lab the broad premise is that the researcher", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00053-00039080-00039760": "rather than conducting hands-on research in the laboratory themselves design their experiments in", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00054-00039760-00040624": "an operating system those designs are communicated to the cloud lab the research is conducted the", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00055-00040624-00041168": "resulting data sets are returned for the research to the researcher for analysis", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00056-00041392-00041912": "this cloud lab is structured very much on a wrecked system where", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00057-00041912-00042688": "the lab is designed with racks that allow equipment to be added or withdrawn fairly quickly", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00058-00042688-00043360": "and workflows are designed to optimize the use of machinery so that we're not", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00059-00043360-00044024": "holding one job up whilst another one is making use of the same bit of kit and", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00060-00044024-00044696": "workflows are designed with optimization in mind the intent is to allow the experiments to be run", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00061-00044696-00045352": "as quickly as possible rather than me trying to explain to you how it works let's take a couple of", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00062-00045352-00046048": "minutes to watch the cloud lab video apologies to those of you who saw this in december as chemists", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00063-00046048-00046784": "and biologists we've always been firmly bound to the laboratory for us the scope and limitations", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00064-00046784-00047320": "of scientific exploration have been defined by the instruments we have and the scale of", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00065-00047320-00047928": "our work has been metered by the long hours required at the bench it's time to change that", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00066-00048224-00048736": "emerald cloud lab is a remote controlled life science laboratory that allows scientists to", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00067-00048736-00049296": "execute their experiments without being anchored to a physical lab in a cloud lab", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00068-00049296-00049528": "experiments are driven by issuing commands over", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00069-00049528-00049952": "the internet which are then run in a vast highly automated central facility", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00070-00050464-00050976": "with an ecl account you have full control over every aspect of how your experiments are conducted", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00071-00051216-00051591": "control the transfers of volumes from less than a microliter to 20 liters", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00072-00051704-00052064": "and the transfers of solids with masses from micrograms to kilograms", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00073-00052328-00053408": "there are over 200 different models of best-in-class instrumentation online at the ecl", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00074-00053408-00054144": "ecl facilities run your experiments on demand 24 hours a day seven days a week 365 days a year", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00075-00054288-00054584": "leaving just hours between the moment you conceive your experiment", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00076-00054655-00054824": "and the moment you receive your results", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00077-00055240-00055736": "it's not unusual for an ecl user to be orchestrating dozens of protocols simultaneously", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00078-00055864-00056184": "far more than one could ever manage in a traditional laboratory", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00079-00056776-00057264": "when you're ready you can build scripts which automatically execute a series of experiments of", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00080-00057264-00058055": "arbitrary complexity reproduce results or process the data and generate reports for you to analyze", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00081-00058672-00059160": "as chemists and biologists our minds are capable of moving faster and further than", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00082-00059160-00060384": "the laboratory has ever allowed us take your seat in the command center transcend the lab", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00083-00061167-00061848": "so we will be opening the cloud lab at carnegie mellon this summer it's being developed and", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00084-00061848-00062544": "constructed in the library's offsite warehouse which i think is an interesting coming together", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00085-00062544-00063184": "of the future of science and the record of the evolution of science in a single space", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00086-00063320-00063967": "our science colleagues are terribly excited about the efficiencies they anticipate in terms of", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00087-00064032-00064600": "equipment no longer do we need to negotiate multi-million dollar startup packages for new", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00088-00064600-00065264": "science faculty who want to design their own lab they will simply be given access to the cloud lab", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00089-00065264-00065816": "where most of the instrumentation they're likely to require already will be existing", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00090-00065816-00066496": "if we need to add a couple of new bits of kit so be it we are installing 223", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00091-00066552-00067192": "different pieces of apparatus at the initial stage of the clad labs operation", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00092-00067296-00067888": "so we are anticipating increased productivity because of the automated workflow part of the", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00093-00067888-00068720": "process we are very much focused on ensuring that what has been hitherto a closed commercial not", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00094-00070112-00070296": "nih available sharing mandate", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00095-00070528-00071128": "just before the pandemic one of our then graduate students dima worked with emerald", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00096-00071128-00071704": "cloud lab on creating some novel compounds what we found as you can see on the slide", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00097-00071704-00072280": "is that the work that he was doing typically would allow him to synthesize three compounds", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00098-00072280-00072936": "in the course of a week with the cloud lab he was able to synthesize hundreds of compounds in that", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00099-00072936-00073688": "single week so the acceleration of research very much was demonstrated by his time at the cloud lab", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00100-00073744-00074224": "after completing his phd he was he was hired by emerald and he will be one of", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00101-00074224-00074880": "the key figures in helping our researchers work with the carnegie mellon cloud lab", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00102-00074880-00075520": "when it comes on stream i've got a few screen dumps here of the notebook i'm not going to", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00103-00075520-00076048": "go through them i just put them in here so that when the slides are captured by cni", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00104-00076144-00076704": "anyone who wants to look at this may do so the emerald cloud lab website has a number", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00105-00076704-00077376": "of videos of the operating system in action for those who wish to look at this in greater detail", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00106-00077704-00078176": "as i go through this i'll just mention that the the operating system is structured on", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00107-00078176-00078840": "the basis of an electronic lab notebook and allows the addition or insertion of protocols", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00108-00078896-00079528": "allows for the tracking of experiments as they are conducted in the laboratory and then", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00109-00079528-00080304": "it manages the return of the data sets from the lab to the researcher for subsequent modeling and", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00110-00080304-00081256": "analysis as i said one of the things we are very much focused on is helping our researchers work", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00111-00081256-00081896": "with the relatively closed cloud lab operating system against the backdrop of the progress", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00112-00081896-00082504": "in open science that we have been making for a number of years our support for the university", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00113-00082504-00083296": "community is structured around the five themes of tools training events collaboration and outreach", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00114-00083296-00084184": "and assessment and that is inspiring the ways in which we are working with emerald to move forward", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00115-00084408-00084936": "we don't believe that we are the only place doing this by any means but we have tried to structure", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00116-00084936-00085800": "an end-to-end approach for open science beginning with experimental design through to the reuse of", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00117-00085800-00086480": "data that have been generated during the course of research work and you can see in the red boxes at", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00118-00086480-00086984": "the bottom of the slide the different tools and the different companies that we are working with", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00119-00087056-00087744": "it's an interesting philosophical question about advocating for open science and open science", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00120-00087744-00088288": "workflows when to an extent we are working with commercial enterprises and one thing", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00121-00088288-00088912": "we may well talk about in the conversation is the question of digital sovereignty the digital", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00122-00088912-00089552": "services act that is beginning to dominate a lot of conversations in this space in the eu and what", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00123-00089552-00090128": "the opportunities and implications of that might be for those of us on this side of the atlantic", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00124-00090280-00091024": "for us one of the big proof concepts of the cloud lab is the ability to export data", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00125-00091024-00091760": "export fare data to our repository we have a comprehensive repository for publications data", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00126-00091760-00092400": "and anything else that is structured on bits and bytes in the fixture platform so we've been", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00127-00092400-00093136": "working with emerald to take some experimental data with the associated instrumentation metadata", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00128-00093136-00093888": "and port that automatically into figshare this was done last week and seems to work", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00129-00093968-00094680": "so we are hopeful that as the emerald facility comes on stream we will have a direct conduit from", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00130-00094744-00095456": "the cloud lab operating system into kilt hub our branded version of fixture that then takes us to", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00131-00095456-00096072": "the big question what do we keep is it everything that comes out of the cloud lab and how on earth", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00132-00096072-00096672": "do we accommodate that how many boxes would you need to accommodate that amount of data and if not", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00133-00096672-00097536": "how and who decides which data are kept and which ones are just languishing in a sense in the cloud", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00134-00097536-00098040": "lab operating system and that is one of the big conversations we're having with the research", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00135-00098040-00098824": "community at cmu at the moment the persistence of data generated from the cloud lab so that's", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00136-00098824-00099432": "my opening framing i'm going to sit back down here where hopefully that microphone also will work and", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00137-00099432-00100088": "we'll have a conversation and please be ready to shout out questions comments feedback thanks", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00138-00100664-00101088": "so i i have a couple questions to start us out which i think", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00139-00101184-00101904": "will probably replicate many of yours so it seems like one of the questions here is", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00140-00101904-00102768": "is almost philosophical it's how much lives in the cloud lab space for how long and how quickly", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00141-00102768-00103592": "you export things out into fig share or indeed into other repositories particularly things like", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00142-00103664-00104248": "i don't know nih specialist repositories that are associated with certain kinds of projects", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00143-00104328-00105016": "um what's your thinking on that is it are are you really going to just", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00144-00105080-00105664": "export the things that you think are going to persist as soon as is feasible sort of thing", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00145-00105983-00106600": "what we are certainly positing at the moment is that our repository represents the", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00146-00106600-00106983": "ultimate version of record you know we we don't particularly use", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00147-00106983-00107735": "kilt hub as a repository for operational data or data that are still being analyzed so we", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00148-00107735-00108744": "to a large extent are viewing our fixture instance as an archive and i think that has to be simply", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00149-00108744-00109304": "the practical application you know there are a lot of very nice visualization and analytical tools in", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00150-00109304-00109959": "the cloud lab operating system and the feedback we are hearing from our scientific community is", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00151-00110040-00110720": "they want to make use of those they are very sophisticated but let's export data that we", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00152-00110720-00111352": "know we want to keep as soon as we possibly can so it's entirely possible that a data set could", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00153-00111352-00112128": "exist in the cloud lab for analytical purposes and if it has already been deemed to be worthy of", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00154-00112128-00112783": "archiving it will have been exported to our kilthub instance as quickly as possible there is", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00155-00112783-00113656": "a separate but related conversation with our local supercomputing center about deeper storage because", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00156-00113656-00114616": "clearly our fixture instance isn't terribly scalable if we are getting into fast data sets", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00157-00114920-00115848": "and i would presume also um uh you if you're getting into vast data sets and vast computation", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00158-00115848-00116824": "you may very well want the data close to the computation yes um that's that's really", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00159-00116824-00117680": "interesting i i assume that there is a cost for retaining data inside of the cloud lab space", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00160-00117888-00118704": "there is um storage is never free anywhere and you know our friends at emerald have", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00161-00118704-00119256": "been very generous in terms of providing access to the operating system but we are", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00162-00119392-00119824": "working with the predictable data storage provider", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00163-00120104-00120944": "so that you know in an aws cloud instance we will have those operational data okay okay um", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00164-00121192-00122088": "i wonder if you could reflect a little bit on um how how this looks in terms of", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00165-00122152-00123016": "being able to document data according to say the fair principles um i i mean in in some sense the", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00166-00123111-00123648": "metadata coming out that's generated as a byproduct of using the cloud lab is just", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00167-00123648-00125064": "exquisitely detailed but needs presumably mapping into some kind of external fare structures yes one", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00168-00125064-00125896": "of the advantages we see of the cloud lab is the metadata that support reproducibility because i", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00169-00125896-00126592": "likely described those as exquisite because there is a tremendous amount of information about the", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00170-00126592-00127335": "calibration and setting of the instrumentation much more so than we would typically capture in a", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00171-00127335-00128168": "regular laboratory environment and that absolutely is at the heart of why we are doing this", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00172-00128383-00128880": "what we found in in the experimental work we're doing with figshare is you know that is the proof", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00173-00128880-00129528": "of concept that that we are testing the fair data principles against what we're able to capture", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00174-00129528-00130200": "it's very much a work in progress my screen grab was from last week but what i'm hearing from my", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00175-00130200-00130832": "data services specialists is that they are very confident that they are going to have", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00176-00130832-00131544": "well-structured data well-structured readme files and by archiving these in our kilthub instance", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00177-00131600-00132216": "they are automatically being exposed to google data set search and other discovery layers", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00178-00132488-00133512": "are you thinking in terms of integrating this with other pieces of the sort of research data", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00179-00133512-00134208": "management infrastructure one that came to my mind was protocols dot io yeah that is something", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00180-00134208-00134848": "that we are discussing with emerald and i think conversations are going well we have we were i", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00181-00134848-00135688": "think the first university to have a contract with protocols io and our research community has become", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00182-00135744-00136696": "very passionate users and champions of protocols io emerald has its own version of a protocols", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00183-00136696-00137672": "library and what we are trying to move towards is ensuring that a protocol from whichever service a", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00184-00137672-00138272": "researcher wishes to use either of those two or any other can be brought into the emerald", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00185-00138272-00139088": "operating system oh that's lovely and that's part of the the open source programming that we are", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00186-00139088-00139736": "working on at the moment to make these sorts of portability exercises as seamless as possible", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00187-00140072-00140856": "i wonder if you have um any particular thoughts on the new nih data sharing", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00188-00140936-00141704": "policy that's going to go into effect in early 23 which basically says share early and often", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00189-00141960-00142800": "yeah you know i think we've been on a journey over the past few years of dangling carrots in front", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00190-00142800-00143504": "of our colleagues and many have accepted those carrots and have become accustomed to data sharing", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00191-00143560-00144480": "because it's a good thing to do for so many reasons what we now have for good or for bed is a", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00192-00144480-00145352": "stick and i'm honestly not aware of any particular problems at cmu where the stick is going to need", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00193-00145352-00146216": "to be used and i really hope that the research community by this stage because in terms of the", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00194-00146216-00146832": "global scientific enterprise other countries have been on board with this for more than a decade", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00195-00147008-00147656": "that we're at a point of doing things because it's the right approach to do you know supporting", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00196-00147752-00148504": "data reuse and and just as an anecdote there i was chatting with one of our faculty last year", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00197-00148504-00149160": "who was telling me that during the lockdown in 2020 when many laboratories were closed", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00198-00149248-00149880": "she was assigning graduate students work that was based upon them discovering data sets that", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00199-00149880-00150560": "had already been shared by researchers anywhere and running secondary analyses of these data sets", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00200-00150632-00150992": "as a way of keeping them engaged when they couldn't get into the lab", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00201-00151064-00151864": "and that activity not only kept them occupied but led to a number of interesting journal articles", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00202-00151864-00152448": "from her labs so these sorts of anecdotes i think help create an environment in which", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00203-00152448-00153120": "data sharing is seen as an important part of of scientific research activity", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00204-00153360-00154056": "last question from me and then i'm going to open it up for questions from the audience um i just", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00205-00154056-00154768": "want to follow up that very intriguing um brief reference you made to uh data sovereignty and", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00206-00154768-00155344": "the implications there and i wonder if you'd be willing to expand on that just a little bit", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00207-00155464-00156224": "sure so i think what what we're seeing in the european union at the moment is", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00208-00156344-00157352": "something akin to a pushback against big tech and an early wave of this came in the gdpr", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00209-00157576-00158384": "development a couple of years ago but what we're hearing is that the eu wants citizens and", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00210-00158440-00159048": "institutions like universities to have a much greater say in what happens to their", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00211-00159048-00159808": "data to the point of beginning now to propose legislation that is likely to be fairly strong", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00212-00159808-00160760": "in regulating how companies can accommodate and use data that are shared by individuals", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00213-00160928-00161560": "now to a large extent you can pinpoint companies like facebook or meta as the", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00214-00161560-00162280": "primary targets of this legislation but what i'm hearing in conversations with", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00215-00162280-00163112": "publishers and other companies in the spaces that we inhabit is that they are concerned that the", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00216-00163112-00163736": "digital services act as currently drafted might well have implications for them in terms of", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00217-00163736-00164280": "their ability to do business the way they have been doing not to say that that's a bad thing", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00218-00164280-00164848": "but it's just something we need to be conscious of as we think about the landscape in which we are", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00219-00164848-00165816": "working perhaps the opportunistic bit is that part of the eu's rationale here is to create", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00220-00165816-00166504": "greater opportunities for smaller tech companies primarily those based in the eu to compete on", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00221-00166504-00167512": "a level playing field so we may well see startups in the eu beginning to offer services that might", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00222-00167512-00168080": "offer healthy competition with some of the companies that we historically have done", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00223-00168080-00168736": "business with we know that tech companies are very keen on working with universities because", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00224-00168792-00169384": "they're looking for large-scale partnerships to be successful there are very few sectors", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00225-00169384-00170032": "that can do that probably health defense government higher education so i could see", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00226-00170032-00170728": "collaborative potential as we see how this unfolds something we clearly need to keep an eye on", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00227-00170784-00171432": "when we're talking about data sharing thinking about companies like figshare interesting", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00228-00171728-00172560": "thank you for all of those um all of those answers um the floor is open", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00229-00172672-00173296": "you have a great opportunity to get more insight into what they're planning to do at", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00230-00173296-00173912": "carnegie mellon hi keith thank you for that it was wonderful i have a question that's not about data", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00231-00173912-00174416": "because this whole thing is reminding me of the ilab experiment at mit a long time ago which was", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00232-00174416-00175040": "really more focused on education than the research but one of the controversies that came up was that", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00233-00175040-00175672": "by using a facility like that you're really limiting the scientific options that researchers", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00234-00175672-00176120": "have because no lab can afford to buy all the equipment that anybody might want", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00235-00176208-00176808": "particularly really expensive new things so you're looking for economies of scale and and so it was", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00236-00176808-00177488": "really forcing people into a type of scientific research because of the facility which was", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00237-00177488-00178008": "the opposite of what you you really want so i guess i'm asking you if you've thought about", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00238-00178008-00178608": "the kind of long-term potential of this both for research and education i'm surprised that", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00239-00178608-00179224": "you're covering biology because that that brings in animals and people and all kinds of things that", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00240-00179224-00179736": "you know don't really fit this model so could you talk just a little bit about where this is going", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00241-00179736-00180400": "at carnegie mellon and its limitations sure you know i will immediately put in a disclaimer that", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00242-00180400-00180968": "i'm not the expert on this at all but um some of the things that we've been talking about as we", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00243-00180968-00181688": "try to put a rough measure of how much research we expect to be done in the cloud lab as opposed to", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00244-00181744-00182344": "traditional wet labs it's roughly 50 50 in the early stage so there will still be wet labs", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00245-00182408-00182848": "we may or may not still have an animal house because i'm not going to talk about", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00246-00182848-00183776": "animal research but clearly absolutely a facility like the cloud lab is not going to have an animal", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00247-00183776-00184640": "house associated with it or a vivarium or anything else of that sort what we know with the emerald", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00248-00184640-00185448": "facility is that it can conduct research using either compounds that are typically kept in the", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00249-00185448-00186208": "cloud lab or it can work with samples that are sent there the cloud lab will be about half a mile", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00250-00186208-00186864": "from our main science buildings at cmu's so transmission of samples will be fairly easy", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00251-00187104-00187696": "that economy of scale is something that we are very impressed by the potential of the", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00252-00187696-00188304": "ability for sharing of machines rather than every lab having its own mass spectrometer", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00253-00188304-00188928": "or whatever else might be required one of the things that we are engaged with at the moment", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00254-00188928-00189704": "is helping research funders understand what this means that we will not necessarily be bidding", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00255-00189704-00190376": "for the typical laboratory expenses in the traditional sense but rather it will be", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00256-00190472-00191200": "help us pay for cycles in the cloud lab and that is a conversation that is ongoing absolutely", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00257-00191256-00192016": "so those are just a few of the the random conversations that i've been party to but", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00258-00192016-00192528": "i suspect it won't really be until the cloud lab is fully up and running that we", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00259-00192528-00193336": "really understand at scale the potential during the pandemic a number of our researchers are", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00260-00193336-00193832": "the early days of the pandemic a number of our researchers gained access to the emerald facility", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00261-00193904-00194640": "and were conducting real external externally funded experiments in the emerald facility", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00262-00194696-00195096": "partly to ensure research continued partly as a proof of concept", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00263-00195216-00195984": "we anticipate probably in a couple of years time starting programs in automated science", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00264-00196048-00196728": "that will involve training the next generation of laboratory leaders in the operation and", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00265-00196728-00197328": "management of these facilities and we also expect that our students at all levels", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00266-00197392-00197960": "will have opportunities to work with the cloud lab as well as developing the wet lab skills", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00267-00198216-00198624": "in terms of training those who use the cloud lab we have two", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00268-00198624-00199296": "training pathways one is the cloud lab training program which cliff has undertaken and the second", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00269-00199296-00199960": "is a curriculum that is being delivered by the open science team in the university libraries", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00270-00199960-00200816": "and either of those acts as the pathway to being able to then register to act as a cloud lab user", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00271-00201224-00202048": "if just i'll just add two comments um you if you haven't looked at the video from december", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00272-00202048-00203080": "um the the speakers there also touched on this issue of you know um what what portion of the", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00273-00203080-00203808": "kind of research activities might be served by um by something like the cloud lab and as keith", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00274-00203808-00204592": "says they estimated it's going to vary quite a bit by sub-discipline but probably not more than", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00275-00205928-00206808": "very interesting is that the cloud lab also makes newish kinds of scientific inquiry", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00276-00206871-00207623": "very convenient um in ways that it's hard to do now so for example you can cup you could couple", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00277-00207784-00208167": "the cloud lab control thing with a machine learning system to do", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00278-00208232-00208823": "a series of adaptive experiments that optimize some parameter and", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00279-00208823-00209480": "say you know material science or something like that and that's you know that takes a", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00280-00209480-00210200": "bunch of work to do with ex with existing lab gear so it may be that i don't know", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00281-00210200-00210752": "this is used as much for things that people aren't doing very much of now as anything else", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00282-00211056-00211152": "further questions", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00283-00211519-00211992": "hi i'm kurt hilligus from princeton university i'm the associate cio for research computing thank you", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00284-00211992-00212504": "this is really interesting um and the answer to my question may be you know watch the video stupid", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00285-00212504-00213048": "because i haven't seen the video from december um but i'm interested in the financial model is this", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00286-00213048-00213504": "going to be a full cost recovery you know what are the thoughts about that and and really with", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00287-00213504-00214096": "the idea could could the cause could the financial model be used to incentivize good data management", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00288-00214096-00214632": "practices by incentivizing people to put things into kilt hub or other other repositories", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00289-00214800-00215160": "yeah we're still working on the the cost recovery approach but there", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00290-00215160-00215888": "certainly will be an aspect of that and i like your idea about incentivizing we are currently", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00291-00216056-00216712": "developing the cloud lab based on philanthropic gifts from a number of foundations and part of", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00292-00216712-00217352": "that is to cover the costs of the early years of operation what we don't want to do is put", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00293-00217352-00217992": "obstacles in the way of people really embracing the opportunities of the cloud lab but i've no", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00294-00217992-00218623": "doubt that probably after the first three years we will see cost recovery being used either for", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00295-00218784-00219471": "to ensure that research grants are covering costs or through the tuition model that we have for", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00296-00219471-00220112": "student course work but incentivizing data sharing absolutely should be part of that so thank you", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00297-00220736-00221088": "geneva henry george washington university and", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00298-00221088-00221480": "this sort of follows on from mckinsey's question and this last question", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00299-00221664-00222367": "you know keith when i hear you describe this what immediately pops to mind is research course and", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00300-00222367-00223128": "you know clearly you have a lot of research cores at cmu and the idea behind that is to really bring", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00301-00223128-00223823": "together uh you know pieces of equipment that are very expensive into a shared research facility and", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00302-00223823-00224456": "then there is a cost recovery model associated with that so i have a couple of questions one is", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00303-00224552-00225288": "are you looking to replace any of your research cores with this new cloud lab", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00304-00225440-00226232": "and then the other is do you have uh researchers sort of signed up saying yep i'm there so that you", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00305-00226232-00227016": "know that usage is going to be there and are you taking it outside of cmu for that research as well", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00306-00227192-00227800": "so there are multiple layers to the answer that i'll give the first is", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00307-00227936-00228440": "our schools of biology and chemistry and i'm glad that roger's going to build me out on a research", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00308-00228440-00229136": "course but our biology and chemistry research labs are in the original melon institute building", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00309-00229136-00229416": "and the intent is that that facility which is a", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00310-00229528-00230408": "huge science building will remain we are constructing a second science building nearby", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00311-00230408-00231008": "and the intent is largely that that building will not have lab facilities and then what we", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00312-00231008-00231632": "want to do is optimize things so the existing melon institute facilities will be adjusted", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00313-00231871-00232544": "and researchers in the new facility will either use share access to those facilities for the 50", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00314-00232664-00232976": "roughly that will remain traditional lab research", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00315-00233032-00233560": "and the other 50 percent will make use of the cloud lab environment", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00316-00233823-00234680": "so specifically whether or not we are adjusting cores i think will evolve over time", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00317-00234680-00235384": "the second part of your question geneva could you remind me", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00318-00236423-00236473": "yeah", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00319-00236664-00236784": "i", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00320-00237144-00237856": "yeah thanks absolutely we have quite a number of our researchers who either have been using", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00321-00237856-00238352": "the facility in san francisco as i mentioned during the pandemic and beyond we have a couple", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00322-00238352-00239000": "of classes using the clad lab already in san francisco they are desperate for", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00323-00239000-00239816": "our facility to open many others are lined up so we are confident that demand is there", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00324-00239816-00240792": "whether demand is there for a 24 7 365 cycle we don't know at this stage the answer to that", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00325-00240792-00241496": "will in a sense shape the response to the second part of your question will other institutions", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00326-00241560-00242176": "be invited in to make use of of the lab we have a very strong collaboration with the university", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00327-00242176-00242736": "of pittsburgh which sits on an adjacent campus i have no doubt that we will see", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00328-00242736-00243423": "colleagues from pitt being invited to use the facility it may well then scale to regional or", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00329-00243423-00244240": "broader usage but once it's open we'll have a much better sense of what it looks like", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00330-00244776-00245271": "roger schoenfeld from ithaca snr um keith thanks thanks for this presentation in addition to the", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00331-00245271-00245888": "one at the last cni as i think you know um yeah i see the potential here um overall as being", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00332-00245888-00246512": "quite significant um in particular um you know thinking about the future of scientific labor and", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00333-00246512-00247064": "scientific work in in a lot of really important ways my question is actually not about the cloud", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00334-00247064-00247616": "lab but about the carnegie mellon library so i i'm really struck by and i'm thinking to", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00335-00247616-00248080": "presentations i've heard you give it cni you know going back some years i'm really struck by some of", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00336-00248080-00248664": "the directions that that this is sort of yet one more example of how you're positioning the library", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00337-00248664-00249160": "within the institute i i wonder if you could just say a little bit more about the sort of library", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00338-00249160-00249888": "strategy um and resource reallocations and where this uh and other adjacent directions sort of", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00339-00249888-00250376": "fits into that because i i feel like you've positioned the library somewhat differently", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00340-00250376-00250767": "at carnegie mellon than some of our colleagues at other institutions have done and i'm just i", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00341-00250767-00251032": "just was wondering if you could say a little bit about what you've what you've done here", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00342-00251144-00251680": "sure thanks roger it's great not to talk about cost recovery of labs so um", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00343-00251967-00252792": "the way that i would often talk about our strategy relates to oclc's evolution or expansion of the", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00344-00252792-00253512": "scholarly record and i've seen that in a couple of trajectories first the institutional context", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00345-00253512-00254096": "we are renowned for our strength in engineering and computer science and in the fine arts", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00346-00254152-00254864": "and candidly none of those fields are typically very heavy users of the traditional", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00347-00254864-00255671": "collections based library as i think about where libraries can make a difference in universities of", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00348-00255671-00256504": "the 21st century i see those as going beyond the notion of a big building full of printed materials", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00349-00256680-00257400": "as i think about the horizontal expansion of the scholarly record from that print-based", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00350-00257400-00258208": "library-based collection it begins to move through the digital versions of those collections the pdfs", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00351-00258208-00258919": "of journal articles ebooks through to web-based scholarly materials policy documents from", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00352-00258984-00259848": "governments and national banks world bank type organizations through to digitized materials", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00353-00259848-00260456": "data sets way out into the open web and potentially even into the dark web but let's not", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00354-00260456-00261088": "go there for this conversation but then there is the vertical expansion where we begin to look at", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00355-00261088-00261752": "the objects that are generated during the research process the data code protocols all of these", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00356-00261840-00262440": "things that we will see coming out of a traditional lab a social scientist's laptop", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00357-00262440-00263368": "or notebooks a cloud lab and then we have the various objects that are generated post-research", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00358-00263368-00264160": "the reuse and reproducibility of experimental data the community conversations and open peer review", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00359-00264224-00264952": "the impact and evaluation of work all of that the horizontal expansion and the vertical expansion of", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00360-00264952-00265824": "the scholarly record represent to me the scholarly record of the 21st century the library has always", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00361-00265824-00266592": "been engaged in curating the scholarly record through the 20th century and earlier of course", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00362-00266592-00267296": "that really was represented in the materials we brought from outside into our campus into our", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00363-00267296-00268120": "libraries books journals and the indexes reference materials other things that were required to make", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00364-00268120-00268904": "the most of that record but as we look to the next 50 years what we see is this vast expansion which", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00365-00268904-00269528": "requires very different skills to manage and that has been the journey that we have been on", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00366-00269600-00270568": "so what we have done whilst sustaining and growing the work of the library in the print environment", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00367-00270568-00271176": "we have recognized we've had to bring in different skill sets people who are comfortable", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00368-00271240-00271712": "working with researchers as the instrument of cloud lab people who have gone through", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00369-00271712-00272256": "a scientific training of their own to help them understand the challenges of", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00370-00272352-00273008": "mapping protocols into experimental work and helping to navigate which data should be kept", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00371-00273008-00273552": "which data shouldn't be kept so we have really been focused on expanding our team", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00372-00273624-00274408": "and ensuring that we have a different skill set that can cover that expanded scholarly record", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00373-00274528-00274960": "we've been fortunate to be funded by the university to grow the team", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00374-00274960-00275744": "so it hasn't to a large extent been a substitutive approach at this stage but rather an expansive one", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00375-00275744-00276440": "that reflects that the library of the 21st century will represent a very different community", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00376-00276496-00277192": "than the one that preceded it but as one that is true to that fundamental value of the library", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00377-00277192-00277944": "as being responsible for curating the scholarly record thanks for the question and with that", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00378-00278000-00278648": "thank you for joining us and please join me in thanking keith for a very uh informative", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00379-00278728-00279480": "um presentation and conversation and one that i look forward to continuing as the cloud lab", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00380-00279568-00280184": "goes into operation thank you very much", "0R9GWBcgJR4-00381-00281584-00281634": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "0RgR7tCE7x8", "text": {"0RgR7tCE7x8-00000-00001128-00001636": "Continuing attacks in the capital of Syria by the terrorists groups of Dzhebhat An-Nusra.", "0RgR7tCE7x8-00001-00001664-00002306": "Today more than 50 mines were fallen on the peaceful streets. One of the mines fell near", "0RgR7tCE7x8-00002-00002306-00002996": "the school and seriously wounded hels student. The head of the Army of Islam  Zahran Alyush Damascus announced Damask his", "0RgR7tCE7x8-00003-00003010-00003800": "goal, calling ordinary people accomplices regime and thus guilty.", "0RgR7tCE7x8-00004-00003840-00004540": "Simple inhabitants of Damask immidiatly helped the wounded. The passing driver responded to a call for help", "0RgR7tCE7x8-00005-00004572-00005028": "and took the injured to hospital.", "0RgR7tCE7x8-00006-00008804-00009404": "During filming another mine flew over us. Rafale of Damask continues.", "0RgR7tCE7x8-00007-00009422-00009868": "Andrey Filatov, Viktor Kuznetcov, Igor Nadyrshyn, ANNA News, Damascus"}}, {"audio_id": "0RmBkBgyeV0", "text": {"0RmBkBgyeV0-00000-00000264-00000737": "Philo's Jesus refers to an argument put forward by mythicists and originally due to Dr R.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00001-00000737-00001261": "Carrier that holds that there was a Jewish celestial figure of worship called Jesus who", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00002-00001261-00001553": "pre-dated the life of Jesus as understood by historicists.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00003-00001553-00001973": "If true, that would be a powerful argument.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00004-00001973-00002164": "But is it true?", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00005-00002164-00002716": "The argument comes from two texts: the old Testament minor prophet Zachariah and Philo", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00006-00002716-00003161": "of Alexandria's book “On the Confusion of Tongues”.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00007-00003161-00003486": "The claimed connection between them is that they both contain a similar line.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00008-00003486-00003867": "That line being “Here is the man whose name is East”.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00009-00003867-00004533": "Both Philo and the Septuagint used the same Greek word ανατολή But this word is", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00010-00004533-00004883": "translated as Branch in the Old Testement and as East in Philo.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00011-00004883-00005039": "It can also be translated as bud, sunrise or rising.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00012-00005039-00005275": "This is the passage from Philo:", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00013-00005275-00005880": "(60)…....For there is a twofold kind of dawning in the soul, the one of a better sort,", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00014-00005880-00006092": "the other of a worse.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00015-00006092-00006483": "That is the better sort, when the light of the virtues shines forth like the beams of", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00016-00006483-00007053": "the sun; and that is the worse kind, when they are overshadowed, and the vices show", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00017-00007053-00007153": "forth.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00018-00007153-00007739": "(61) Now, the following is an example of the former kind: \"And God planted a paradise in", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00019-00007739-00008301": "Eden, toward the East,\" not of terrestrial but of celestial plants, which the planter", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00020-00008301-00008803": "caused to spring up from the incorporeal light which exists around him, in such a way as", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00021-00008803-00009003": "to be for ever inextinguishable. (62) I have also heard of one of the companions of Moses", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00022-00009003-00009489": "having uttered such a speech as this: \"Behold, a man whose name is the East!\"", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00023-00009489-00009965": "A very novel appellation indeed, if you consider it as spoken of a man who is compounded of", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00024-00009965-00010462": "body and soul; but if you look upon it as applied to that incorporeal being who in no", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00025-00010462-00010881": "respect differs from the divine image, you will then agree that the name of the east", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00026-00010881-00011354": "has been given to him with great felicity. (63) For the Father of the universe has caused", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00027-00011354-00011922": "him to spring up as the eldest son, whom, in another passage, he calls the firstborn;", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00028-00011922-00012490": "and he who is thus born, imitating the ways of his father, has formed such and such species,", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00029-00012490-00012739": "looking to his archetypal patterns.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00030-00012739-00013173": "And this is the passage from Zacharia 6:", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00031-00013173-00013729": "9 And the word of the Lord came to me: 10 “Take from the exiles Heldai, Tobi′jah,", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00032-00013729-00014301": "and Jedai′ah, who have arrived from Babylon; and go the same day to the house of Josi′ah,", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00033-00014301-00014415": "the son of Zephani′ah.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00034-00014415-00014923": "11 Take from them silver and gold, and make a crown,and set it upon the head of Joshua,", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00035-00014923-00015423": "the son of Jehoz′adak, the high priest; 12 and say to him, ‘Thus says the Lord of", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00036-00015423-00015995": "hosts, “Behold, the man whose name is the Branch: for he shall grow up in his place,", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00037-00015995-00016206": "and he shall build the temple of the Lord.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00038-00016206-00016704": "13 It is he who shall build the temple of the Lord, and shall bear royal honor, and", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00039-00016704-00016973": "shall sit and rule upon his throne.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00040-00016973-00017406": "And there shall be a priest by his throne, and peaceful understanding shall be between", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00041-00017406-00017506": "them both.”’", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00042-00017506-00018051": "14 And the crown shall be in the temple of the Lord as a reminder to Heldai, Tobi′jah,", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00043-00018051-00018384": "Jedai′ah, and Josi′ah the son of Zephani′ah.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00044-00018384-00018829": "15 “And those who are far off shall come and help to build the temple of the Lord;", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00045-00018829-00019151": "and you shall know that the Lord of hosts has sent me to you.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00046-00019151-00019873": "And this shall come to pass, if you will diligently obey the voice of the Lord your God.”", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00047-00019873-00020353": "The translations of the Greek word ανατολή do differ in these two passages with Philo", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00048-00020353-00021456": "given as East and Zacheria given as Branch but the originals in Philo, who wrote in greek,", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00049-00021456-00021931": "and the Septuagint, which is the greek version of the old Testament that Philo favoured,", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00050-00021931-00023162": "use the same word.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00051-00023162-00023740": "There is a similar linguistic issue of the names Jesus and Joshua.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00052-00023740-00023944": "They were the same name in Aramaic.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00053-00023944-00024502": "Joshua was translated into Greek as Ἰησοῦ Then into Latin as Iesus and finally into", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00054-00024502-00024656": "English as Jesus.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00055-00024656-00025154": "But Zechariah in the Greek Septuagint and the original Greek New Testament use the same", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00056-00025154-00025362": "word Ἰησοῦ.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00057-00025362-00025956": "So the Philo's Jesus argument holds that these two passages are talking about the same person.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00058-00025956-00026808": "That person is called both Ἰησοῦ and ανατολή, and has various other Jesus", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00059-00026808-00027406": "like attributes such as is the firstborn son of God, from Philo, and will build a temple", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00060-00027406-00027893": "to the Lord, bear royal honour, sit and rule upon his throne etc. from Zachariah.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00061-00027893-00028466": "Philo died around 50 A.D., and “on the confusion of tongues” probably dates from somewhere", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00062-00028466-00028952": "towards the end of the first half of the first century A.D.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00063-00028952-00029597": "The book of Zechariah dates itself to 520 - 518 BC during the reign of Darius, shortly", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00064-00029597-00030077": "after the Babylonian exlie and before the the building of the second Temple which according", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00065-00030077-00030274": "to Ezra was in 516BC.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00066-00030274-00030916": "So if this is all true, we have a reference to somebody who looks very like a celestial", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00067-00030916-00031324": "Jesus over 500 years before his earthly appearance.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00068-00031324-00031611": "So what's the problem?", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00069-00031611-00031987": "Well, there are many serious problems.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00070-00031987-00032424": "To start with, Is Philo really quoting from Zachariah?", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00071-00032424-00032827": "The link between the two passages is not something mythicists have come up with.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00072-00032827-00033209": "It's long been debated by scholars and there are problems.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00073-00033209-00033625": "Zechariah doesn't make many quotes from the prophets and when he does in other cases he", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00074-00033625-00033905": "always says he's quoting from the profits.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00075-00033905-00034509": "Furthermore, his preferred source for the Tanach or old Testament was the greek Septuagint", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00076-00034509-00035080": "and his wording is similar but not the same as that in Septuagint.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00077-00035080-00035460": "Also he tells us what his source was and it wasn't Zechariah.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00078-00035460-00035908": "He sais “I have also heard of one of the companions of Moses having uttered such a", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00079-00035908-00036490": "speech as this:” I'm not sure who he means by companion of Moses.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00080-00036490-00036894": "This seems to be a person who was speaking contemporary with Philo so possibly some of", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00081-00036894-00037063": "the Jew.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00082-00037063-00037402": "Comment below if you know.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00083-00037402-00037716": "The wording of the two passages is however pretty similar.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00084-00037716-00038158": "This leads me to suspect that either Philo got it indirectly from Zechariah via a third", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00085-00038158-00038721": "party or they both got the idea from a common source, and if either are the case, the connection", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00086-00038721-00039029": "with Jesus is tenuous, as we'll see.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00087-00039029-00039575": "If, mindful these objections, it is accepted that Philo is quoting Zechariah, there is", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00088-00039575-00040090": "the further problem that Zechariah does not seem to be equating Joshua, the son of Jehoz′adak", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00089-00040090-00040413": "with the one called ανατολή or Branch.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00090-00040413-00041166": "Zachariah 6 says: And the word of the Lord came to me...... 11 “Take from them silver", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00091-00041166-00041685": "and gold, and make a crown,and set it upon the head of Joshua, the son of Jehoz′adak,", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00092-00041685-00042225": "the high priest; 12 and say to him, ‘Thus says the Lord of hosts, “Behold, the man", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00093-00042225-00042796": "whose name is the Branch: for he shall grow up in his place, and he shall build the temple", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00094-00042796-00043027": "of the Lord.'", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00095-00043027-00043515": "Is immediately doubtful that Mr Branch and Joseph are the same person because Zechariah", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00096-00043515-00044058": "is being commanded to tell Joseph to behold the man whose name is Branch and it seems", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00097-00044058-00044402": "unlikely that Zechariah was commanded to tell Joseph to behold himself.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00098-00044402-00044860": "The two are also mentioned in Zechariah 3:", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00099-00044860-00045415": "3 Then he showed me Joshua the high priest standing before the angel of the Lord, and", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00100-00045415-00045666": "Satan standing at his right hand to accuse him.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00101-00045666-00046068": "2 And the Lord said to Satan, “The Lord rebuke you, O Satan!", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00102-00046068-00046375": "The Lord who has chosen Jerusalem rebuke you!", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00103-00046375-00046599": "Is not this a brand plucked from the fire?”", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00104-00046599-00047113": "3 Now Joshua was standing before the angel, clothed with filthy garments. 4 And the angel", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00105-00047113-00047555": "said to those who were standing before him, “Remove the filthy garments from him.”", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00106-00047555-00048078": "And to him he said, “Behold, I have taken your iniquity away from you, and I will clothe", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00107-00048078-00048206": "you with rich apparel.”", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00108-00048206-00048690": "5 And I said, “Let them put a clean turban on his head.”", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00109-00048690-00049133": "So they put a clean turban on his head and clothed him with garments; and the angel of", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00110-00049133-00049294": "the Lord was standing by.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00111-00049294-00049890": "6 And the angel of the Lord enjoined Joshua, 7 “Thus says the Lord of hosts: If you will", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00112-00049890-00050453": "walk in my ways and keep my charge, then you shall rule my house and have charge of my", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00113-00050453-00050903": "courts, and I will give you the right of access among those who are standing here.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00114-00050903-00051436": "8 Hear now, O Joshua the high priest, you and your friends who sit before you, for they", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00115-00051436-00052046": "are men of good omen: behold, I will bring my servant the Branch. 9 For behold, upon", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00116-00052046-00052584": "the stone which I have set before Joshua, upon a single stone with seven facets, I will", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00117-00052584-00053026": "engrave its inscription, says the Lord of hosts, and I will remove the guilt of this", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00118-00053026-00053227": "land in a single day.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00119-00053227-00053730": "10 In that day, says the Lord of hosts, every one of you will invite his neighbor under", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00120-00053730-00053945": "his vine and under his fig tree.”", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00121-00053945-00054691": "So the angel of the lord says to Joshua and his friends \"behold, I will bring my servant", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00122-00054691-00054815": "the Branch”.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00123-00054815-00055151": "In other words watch and I'll bring Mr Branch.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00124-00055151-00055497": "Again suggesting that Joshua is not Mr Branch.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00125-00055497-00055966": "Most commentators on Zechariah are of course either Christian or Jewish and both groups", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00126-00055966-00056423": "agree that this reference to the branch is a prophecy about the Messiah.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00127-00056423-00056757": "Christians think it refers to the Messiah of the new Testament whereas Jews consider", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00128-00056757-00057019": "it refers to the to the awaited Messiah.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00129-00057019-00057467": "No one seems to conflate the Branch with Joshua.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00130-00057467-00057967": "To my mind at least these objections add up to a likelihood that Philo was not referring", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00131-00057967-00058217": "to a heavenly character called Jesus.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00132-00058217-00058759": "And that seriously undermines the argument, particulary as without the name Jesus, the", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00133-00058759-00059089": "argument's powerful soundbyte is lost.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00134-00059089-00059577": "But even if the branch and Joshua are not the same, the words still appear close together,", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00135-00059577-00059728": "which seems rather a coincidence.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00136-00059728-00060262": "And this isn't the only coincidence relevant to the argument.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00137-00060262-00060695": "Paul gives us the earliest picture we have of Jesus and there are many parallels between", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00138-00060695-00063010": "Paul's Jesus and Zachariah on the one hand and Paul's Jesus and Philo's logos on the", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00139-00063010-00063110": "other.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00140-00063110-00063362": "The very word logos being being applied to Jesus later in the gospel of John.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00141-00063362-00063599": "For example Zechariah's branch is the first born son of God, high priest, and Anatoly", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00142-00063599-00063905": "can be interpreted as Pising, Philo's logos was given authority over the Earth by God,", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00143-00063905-00064332": "was the image of God was the agent of god who made the earth.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00144-00064332-00064690": "The argument goes that these parallels are so numerous that it is very unlikely that", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00145-00064690-00065346": "they arose by chance and therefore they must reflect an earlier prehistoric Jesus figure.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00146-00065346-00065764": "I would agree that these parallels are too numerous to be easily explicable by random", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00147-00065764-00066271": "chance, but the prehistoric mythical Jesus figure is not the only explanation.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00148-00066271-00066843": "A more obvious one in the case of Zechariah is that early Christians consider Zechariah", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00149-00066843-00067291": "to be prophecy about Jesus and therefore its hardly surprisingly that the figure of Jesus", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00150-00067291-00067582": "evolved to accord with him.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00151-00067582-00068029": "In the case of Philo, the parallels between him and Paul have received considerable scholarly", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00152-00068029-00068142": "attention.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00153-00068142-00068899": "Philo and Paul both believe that God is transcendent whereas man is trapped in his body on earth.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00154-00068899-00069342": "Their solution to the problems this causes were similar with Christ being the key in", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00155-00069342-00069695": "Paul and the Logos being the key Philo.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00156-00069695-00070000": "Philo's logos Paul's christ appear to be timeless.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00157-00070000-00070134": "Both Paul and Philo seem to see salvation in similar terms as release of the spirit", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00158-00070134-00070234": "from the bondage of flesh and the world.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00159-00070234-00070455": "Both Philo and Paul were strongly Dualist.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00160-00070455-00070955": "They were both Hellenised diaspora Jews wrestling with the same theological problems from the", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00161-00070955-00071166": "same texts.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00162-00071166-00071679": "They were contemporary with Philo being about 20 years older but we have no evidence that", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00163-00071679-00071816": "they ever met.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00164-00071816-00072289": "That all being the case, multiple parallels between the two come as no surprise and do", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00165-00072289-00072888": "not require us to invoke the idea of a pre-first century figure of worship that they were both", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00166-00072888-00073362": "aware of to explain these commonalities.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00167-00073362-00073623": "So what is Philo talking about?", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00168-00073623-00073929": "He's talking about two kinds of dawnings of the soul.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00169-00073929-00074127": "One good and one bad.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00170-00074127-00074574": "With the good one the light of virtue shines forth like the beams of the sun and in the", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00171-00074574-00074998": "bad kind the sunlight is overshadowed and vices show.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00172-00074998-00075265": "He gives an example of the good kind.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00173-00075265-00075769": "God planted a paradise in Eden towards the East, of a celestial kind that came from incorporeal", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00174-00075769-00075905": "light.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00175-00075905-00076481": "Philo also heard companions of Moses refer to a man called East, which he found rather", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00176-00076481-00076974": "an odd name if given to a man but to makes perfect sense for something incorporeal.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00177-00076974-00077575": "So who is this incorporeal man connected with the incorporeal Garden of Eden?", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00178-00077575-00077748": "Not that difficult is it?", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00179-00077748-00078292": "He's no Jesus, he's an Adam, who he associates with the Logos.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00180-00078292-00078638": "So now let's consider what probably happened here.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00181-00078638-00079153": "One possibility, and although I personally don't favour it, it is a possibility, is that", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00182-00079153-00079678": "there was a pre-first century celestial being called Jesus with the properties identified", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00183-00079678-00079778": "above.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00184-00079778-00079950": "Paul worshiped him and Philo at least knew of him.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00185-00079950-00080379": "Then he developed the fictional earthly narrative that we know today.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00186-00080379-00080789": "All trace of the earlier belief was expunged from the record by the mediaeval Christian", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00187-00080789-00081358": "church but they missed these traces in Zachariah and Philo.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00188-00081358-00081840": "The other possibility is that this pre-first century celestial Jesus figure is a really", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00189-00081840-00082107": "big deal to mythicists.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00190-00082107-00082554": "Such a figure coupled with the silence of Paul is going to convince a lot of people", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00191-00082554-00082738": "they're right.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00192-00082738-00083116": "And they have searched for him as feverishly as the mediaeval church may have searched", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00193-00083116-00083568": "for heresy, only they had the internet.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00194-00083568-00084092": "As so often happens they searched so hard they found what they were looking for but", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00195-00084092-00084554": "if you strip away over-eager mythicist spin, what you find is nothing more than you would", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00196-00084554-00085061": "expect by random chance when trawling through extensive ancient sources for that elusive", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00197-00085061-00085204": "nugget.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00198-00085204-00085622": "This gives an alternative explanation for the coincidence that the Branch and Joshua", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00199-00085622-00086218": "appear close together in Zachariah, even if they're not referring to the same person.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00200-00086218-00086679": "Joshua was a common name in this is indeed a coincidence but not unexpected given the", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00201-00086679-00087073": "volume of text being examined for parallels.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00202-00087073-00087607": "In other words the argument holds that the proximity of the words was caused by the prehistoric", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00203-00087607-00087707": "mythical Jesus belief.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00204-00087707-00088437": "The counter is that the argument is caused by the proximity of the words!", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00205-00088437-00088783": "So does the argument favoured historicity or mysticism?", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00206-00088783-00089484": "Will the mythicist interpretation is certainly possible and strongly favours mysticism, where", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00207-00089484-00089920": "is the historicist interpretation, though more likely seems pretty neutral.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00208-00089920-00090147": "However, there is more.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00209-00090147-00090664": "The mythicists have spent thousands of hours of diligent and motivated effort to find this", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00210-00090664-00090906": "early celestial Jesus.", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00211-00090906-00091345": "If this is the best they've come up with we can be pretty damn sure there isn't anything", "0RmBkBgyeV0-00212-00091345-00091461": "better in the record."}}, {"audio_id": "0RFmadhFJqg", "text": {"0RFmadhFJqg-00000-00018003-00018200": "tsurreal,prod. tsurreal,kalan frfr type beat,kalan frfr type beat free,free kalan frfr type beat,kalan frfr type beat 2022,free kalan frfr type beat 2022,free type beat,kalan frfr type beat sample,blxst type beat,kalan frfr type beat free for profit,kalan frfr type beat 2021,kalan frfr type beats,blxst type beat 2022,blxst type beat rnb,kalan.frfr type beat,type beat 2022,blxst type beat 2022 free"}}, {"audio_id": "0RXZO3gL-1g", "text": {"0RXZO3gL-1g-00000-00000008-00000108": "John: Good morning Hank, It's Tuesday.", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00001-00000108-00000518": "So on Friday, Rosianna and I left the magic and awesome of NerdCon: Stories to head up", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00002-00000518-00000905": "to Princeton, Minnesota, where I raced cars on a dirt track against best-selling author", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00003-00000905-00001141": "and all around awesome person Maggie Stiefvater.", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00004-00001141-00001509": "So Hank, an IndyCar driver I know once told me that in racing the only thing more dangerous", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00005-00001509-00001819": "than being too aggressive is being too cautious.", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00006-00001819-00002199": "Which is an observation that I think applies to more than just racing, and while I'm certainly", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00007-00002199-00002651": "an uncommonly anxious person, I don't think of myself as an overly cautious one.", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00008-00002651-00002959": "So I was feeling kinda excited as we arrived at the Princeton Speedway.", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00009-00002959-00003272": "I mean at no point did I actually think I could win the race but I did think I could,", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00010-00003272-00003652": "like, finish it without being pulled out of a burning vehicle which as it turned out was", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00011-00003652-00003754": "overly optimistic.", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00012-00003754-00004143": "Took my first ever ride in a four-wheeler to my race car which belonged to a 17-year-old,", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00013-00004143-00004243": "hence its number.", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00014-00004243-00004441": "My coach for the evening was his dad, Alan.", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00015-00004441-00004798": "And special shoutout to Alan's kids, my pit crew, ten year old Allison and eight year", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00016-00004798-00004898": "old Aaron.", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00017-00004898-00005269": "My first lesson was getting in and out of the car, which as you can see is ridiculously", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00018-00005269-00005369": "difficult.", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00019-00005369-00005714": "Hank, I need to linger on this shot for a moment because I want you to understand how", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00020-00005714-00006132": "hard it is to get out of these cars even when they are not on fire.", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00021-00006132-00006588": "Also, I want you to notice my excellent Eleanor and Park t-shirt, which I got at dftba.com.", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00022-00006588-00006856": "So Alan's an experienced race car driver and an excellent coach.", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00023-00006856-00007013": "Alan: You don't want to jump up on the throttle...", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00024-00007013-00007388": "John: He explained to me at least a dozen times that coming out of the corner, I would", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00025-00007388-00007752": "feel an urge to over-correct the steering and/or let off the throttle and that giving", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00026-00007752-00008250": "into that urge would be a significant mistake and I was able to remember that advice for,", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00027-00008250-00008482": "like, five-and-a-half laps of actual racing.", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00028-00008482-00008842": "Put on my smoking hot fire suit, my helmet, a pair of gloves, and then Maggie showed up", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00029-00008842-00009050": "with her awesome car with its awesome license plate.", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00030-00009050-00009432": "And then after an impossibly beautiful sunset came to Princeton, I belted myself in for", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00031-00009432-00009649": "our first of three scheduled races.", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00032-00009649-00009984": "Maggie jumped out to a lead, and she was faster than me and also a much better driver, but", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00033-00009984-00010406": "my car turned really well in the dirt and its power was exciting and intoxicating and", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00034-00010406-00010671": "I was just trying to keep up with her but then I thought, \"You know, maybe I could drive", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00035-00010671-00010950": "alongside of her and really make a race out of this.\"", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00036-00010950-00011271": "And then on the fifth lap coming out of turn four, I felt an urge to correct the steering", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00037-00011271-00011425": "and yeah...", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00038-00011425-00011853": "The speedway staff got to me very quickly and although I could feel the heat of the", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00039-00011853-00012492": "fire in my back and legs, they kept me calm and pulled me out and I was fine, but I'm", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00040-00012492-00012592": "not going to lie, Hank, it was terrifying.", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00041-00012592-00012984": "But then they fixed the problem with the car and for some reason, I decided to get back", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00042-00012984-00013084": "in it.", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00043-00013084-00013493": "In fact, I won the second heat - more precisely, Maggie let me win - and I got a trophy and", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00044-00013493-00013912": "everything and then we raced for a third time and Maggie dominated me so thoroughly that", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00045-00013912-00014494": "the regular pro-drivers at the speedway asked to take her on and she beat them as well!", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00046-00014494-00014838": "So Maggie won the race, but I caught fire and didn't get hurt, which felt very much", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00047-00014838-00014968": "like, you know, some kind of winning.", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00048-00014968-00015359": "And late that night as I tried to sleep, I kept playing the race back in my mind: me", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00049-00015359-00015790": "doing precisely the thing I'd been told not to, the heat of the flames against my back,", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00050-00015790-00016215": "my panicked hands as I tried to unbuckle the belts, the smoky relief of being pulled from", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00051-00016215-00016315": "the car.", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00052-00016315-00016448": "There are of course smart risks.", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00053-00016448-00016878": "The proper line to run through life is somewhere between extreme caution and extreme aggression,", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00054-00016878-00017040": "but this wasn't one of them.", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00055-00017040-00017439": "That said, Hank, I have to confess that I am proud to have lost to Maggie, but not to", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00056-00017439-00017539": "myself.", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00057-00017539-00017778": "But in the end, Hank, I think I'm going to use this occasion to announce my retirement", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00058-00017778-00017885": "from race car driving.", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00059-00017885-00018162": "I'm headed back to the grandstands where I belong.", "0RXZO3gL-1g-00060-00018162-00018295": "Hank, I'll see you on Friday."}}, {"audio_id": "0S-m4xlfDdk", "text": {"0S-m4xlfDdk-00000-00000460-00000811": "Working at MidMichigan Health Park in West Branch has been a great experience", "0S-m4xlfDdk-00001-00000811-00001362": "from day one for me. I'm a new grad, and they were very welcoming here. Great", "0S-m4xlfDdk-00002-00001362-00002034": "support staff from office manager to nurses to PSAs. Everyone is always", "0S-m4xlfDdk-00003-00002034-00002751": "willing to pitch in and help one another, and that's kind of unique, because", "0S-m4xlfDdk-00004-00002751-00003035": "not only do we have the family practices, but we have the urgent care as", "0S-m4xlfDdk-00005-00003035-00003663": "well, and those staff look out for one another. A very nice facility; the team", "0S-m4xlfDdk-00006-00003663-00004371": "is ... they're looking to help me anytime they can to improve patient care.", "0S-m4xlfDdk-00007-00004371-00004977": "I can't say enough good things about the family that I have here as a work family.", "0S-m4xlfDdk-00008-00004977-00005505": "I feel we provide very good care to the patients here. We have good", "0S-m4xlfDdk-00009-00005505-00006105": "outcomes. We, you know, we're very involved with preventive medicine. We utilize the", "0S-m4xlfDdk-00010-00006105-00006600": "University of Michigan affiliation quite frequently. They've got great pediatric", "0S-m4xlfDdk-00011-00006600-00007059": "services, oncology services. The benefits of working in the MidMichigan Health", "0S-m4xlfDdk-00012-00007059-00007470": "System is that we have the resources available with a larger health system", "0S-m4xlfDdk-00013-00007470-00007902": "and the affiliation with the University of Michigan. We have access to the", "0S-m4xlfDdk-00014-00007902-00008375": "specialists that are there. To have these specialists from the University of", "0S-m4xlfDdk-00015-00008375-00008979": "Michigan actually coming to our areas to provide that specialty care is huge.", "0S-m4xlfDdk-00016-00008979-00009384": "People don't have to travel that distance yet have that same level of", "0S-m4xlfDdk-00017-00009384-00009906": "care of a University here in the communities. We have OB/Gyn that comes in", "0S-m4xlfDdk-00018-00009906-00010457": "right to this office building. We use ENT and surgical services and neurology...", "0S-m4xlfDdk-00019-00010457-00010911": "Other services and specialists that we use are things like telemedicine for", "0S-m4xlfDdk-00020-00010911-00011357": "psychiatric health. And now, with the hospital in West Branch being affiliated", "0S-m4xlfDdk-00021-00011357-00012104": "with MidMichigan Health, it will provide a lot of services locally that are right", "0S-m4xlfDdk-00022-00012104-00012768": "here. The cat scans, the MRIs, all of those specialty procedures are going to be", "0S-m4xlfDdk-00023-00012768-00013254": "right across the street at the hospital. They're very supportive at MidMichigan, so", "0S-m4xlfDdk-00024-00013254-00013521": "if you have any any problems in the practice they're", "0S-m4xlfDdk-00025-00013521-00014115": "very receptive to hearing those and, you know, making changes if they're", "0S-m4xlfDdk-00026-00014115-00014688": "reasonable. I can tell you that I have felt from the time I've walked in this", "0S-m4xlfDdk-00027-00014688-00015155": "building that anything that I've needed", "0S-m4xlfDdk-00028-00015227-00015918": "to make this a better place, I've received and received that support to", "0S-m4xlfDdk-00029-00015918-00016797": "make this place successful."}}, {"audio_id": "0SIjgcFBi-M", "text": {"0SIjgcFBi-M-00000-00000064-00000472": "Yes. Hi, good afternoon and thanks for giving me this opportunity to say a few words, Al.", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00001-00000528-00000968": "And hello to all of you from all over the different points of the compass.", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00002-00001024-00001400": "I'm coming at you from Tohono O’odham Community College, the southernmost of", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00003-00001400-00001888": "all the tribal colleges, about 25 miles north of the Mexican border in traditional O’odham", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00004-00001888-00002424": "Territory that stretches all the way to the Gulf of California and down into the Sierra Madre,", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00005-00002528-00002728": "through the state of Sonora. Anyway.", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00006-00002832-00003279": "We have been really fortunate, starting in November of 2017 I think we were the first", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00007-00003279-00003647": "of all the tribal colleges that were visited by Al Kuslikis and his team.", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00008-00003647-00003879": "They ultimately came for three different visits and", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00009-00003960-00004152": "when they (did), well i think they had quite", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00010-00004152-00004480": "a surprise when they got here to see, well maybe it wasn't, but anyway", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00011-00004480-00004892": "we were in . . . we were in need of a lot of help.", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00012-00004892-00005344": "Tohono O’odham Community College has tripled our enrollment in the last five years.", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00013-00005408-00005784": "We're still small but imagine that growth along with the ever-growing", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00014-00005784-00006352": "penetration of the Internet of Things, a network that was truly a nearly impenetrable", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00015-00006352-00006768": "accretion over a period of a dozen years under a rapidly changing category of managers,", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00016-00006848-00007231": "dependence on several pricey outside vendors for support", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00017-00007231-00007648": "and a sole for profit internet provider that asked us in all seriousness:", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00018-00007648-00007872": "\"Why would you need more bandwidth? You're a college.\"", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00019-00008080-00008608": "Not surprising, employees were concerned about the speed or lack thereof and their work on Jenzibar,", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00020-00008664-00008792": "our network, went down", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00021-00008792-00009340": "regularly and occasionally for a day or more. We just weren't making much progress when Alan", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00022-00009340-00009800": "(headed) out, when we heard Al and his team were looking to visit we jumped on the opportunity.", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00023-00009800-00010488": "Our CI is hardly recognizable now just in a few short years since 2010 at the end of 2017.", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00024-00010592-00010912": "Now we know what we have largely to the work of that team,", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00025-00011000-00011472": "the collaboration they have provided to us. Our provider knows what we have now.", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00026-00011472-00011912": "It turned out they and we had very different ideas of what we actually had.", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00027-00011912-00012208": "What I'm describing might not be that surprising to many of you.", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00028-00012208-00012520": "Many of you may have similar kinds of situations where you're at.", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00029-00012664-00013319": "When the team arrived we were paying $3,300 a month including two charges for 10 megabytes of", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00030-00013319-00013696": "ethernet and two charges for 50 megabytes. $3,300 a month.", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00031-00013752-00014184": "The team at the time recommended going to 100 makes for double the cost", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00032-00014263-00014728": "but since that site visit we had additional interactions with our", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00033-00014784-00015288": "provider and as a matter of fact when the team was here they also met with our provider.", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00034-00015288-00015856": "I think that really helped impress our provider about the importance of this effort", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00035-00015912-00016424": "and that yes as a college we actually do need import speedy bandwidth so on.", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00036-00016520-00016904": "And so we had a number of high-level meetings and we significantly", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00037-00017000-00017512": "reduced, they reduced their price. Mow we're at 250 megs which is about the", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00038-00017512-00017976": "standard i guess for tribal colleges based on the work that the team has done around the country.", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00039-00018088-00018560": "And so for us it's really a great thing. It's a still high, high cost of $6,000 a month", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00040-00018744-00018960": "but we're really a lot happier with it.", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00041-00019072-00019352": "Our network is stable, outages are few and short-lived,", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00042-00019448-00019824": "nobody complains about slow connections anymore. We have a ways to go, of course.", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00043-00019936-00020232": "Thanks to the team we have a road map of how to get to where we want to be.", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00044-00020344-00020672": "One of the spin-offs and the involvement of the CI team has been", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00045-00020672-00021240": "our membership and the consortium with Dine, NTU and NAU with the goal of developing", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00046-00021240-00021760": "ability to handle large amounts of data for STEM fields and a goal of joining Internet2", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00047-00021760-00022128": "and to work with Sun Corridor which is the internet provider for Internet2 in Arizona.", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00048-00022480-00022736": "Network and bandwidth were important and critical improvements.", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00049-00022736-00023128": "Team members also encouraged us to automate things and that prompted us", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00050-00023128-00023544": "to use more modules in Jenzibar including advising module, the master document frame.", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00051-00023656-00023920": "We're, uh, we're starting to work in the billing module.", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00052-00023920-00024432": "They really encourage us to uh to do things in a more automated fashion", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00053-00024432-00024880": "and I think we learned how to work and collaborate better with outside folks", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00054-00024936-00025232": "And we have identified some people who have been very helpful to us.", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00055-00025296-00025792": "Perhaps as a spin-off kind of the things that we learned along the way in visiting with the team", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00056-00025848-00026783": "and as a result we have, we now have the ability to issue students their id and their password when", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00057-00026783-00027048": "they apply for college here and we hadn't had that", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00058-00027048-00027408": "and so you can imagine during this time of COVID that would be a real problem.", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00059-00027408-00028224": "So we've we've moved forward in a lot of different areas and I, I've never, I guess it's just really", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00060-00028224-00028727": "great that uh that AIHEC and the team is doing this and it's it's really helped us a great deal", "0SIjgcFBi-M-00061-00028783-00029239": "and I imagine it's helped many of the other tribal colleges as well. Thank you."}}, {"audio_id": "0SJDGUwD-6k", "text": {"0SJDGUwD-6k-00000-00000256-00000554": "[Music]", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00001-00000554-00000740": "and he was walking on the beach", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00002-00000740-00001246": "there he found something sticking out of", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00003-00001246-00001559": "the sand just out of curiosity he bent", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00004-00001559-00001867": "down pulled it out and it was a lantern", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00005-00001867-00002092": "[Music]", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00006-00002092-00002301": "he took it and just polished it with his", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00007-00002301-00002526": "shirt just to clean it up", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00008-00002526-00003059": "and the moment he did it low the genie", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00009-00003059-00003340": "came", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00010-00003340-00003572": "the genie came and stood up and said", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00011-00003572-00003777": "okay I ask you three three wounds you", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00012-00003777-00003989": "have liberated me so you have three", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00013-00003989-00004109": "bones ask what you want", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00014-00004109-00004451": "[Music]", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00015-00004451-00004551": "wow", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00016-00004551-00004651": "[Music]", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00017-00004651-00005049": "and he said I want a red Ferrari", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00018-00005049-00005305": "so right there on the sand", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00019-00005305-00005812": "I read gleaming Ferrari", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00020-00005812-00005975": "then the tiny said come on come on", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00021-00005975-00006359": "what's the second one", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00022-00006359-00006536": "said I want 10 million dollars", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00023-00006536-00007115": "10 10 million need crisp currency in the", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00024-00007115-00007408": "back seat of the Ferrari", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00025-00007408-00007543": "the genie said come on what's the third", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00026-00007543-00007643": "one", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00027-00007643-00008058": "pill I said I want to be irresistible", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00028-00008058-00008306": "to women", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00029-00008306-00008552": "he turned into a box of chocolate", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00030-00008552-00010100": "[Laughter]", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00031-00010100-00010372": "so", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00032-00010372-00010472": "when", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00033-00010472-00010793": "when something is so dear to your heart", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00034-00010793-00011300": "I don't wish to disturb that", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00035-00011300-00011460": "see I'm made of chocolate can't you see", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00036-00011460-00011975": "dark chocolate", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00037-00011975-00012192": "so uh", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00038-00012192-00012457": "the chocolate by itself is not harmful", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00039-00012457-00012654": "unfortunately you're taking too much of", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00040-00012654-00012972": "sugar with it", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00041-00012972-00013141": "that's the reason why it causes so many", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00042-00013141-00013338": "problems chocolate eaters have a lot of", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00043-00013338-00013608": "trouble because the volume of sugar that", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00044-00013608-00013769": "they're taking in", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00045-00013769-00013928": "if you could eat just chocolate", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00046-00013928-00014383": "uh", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00047-00014383-00014619": "it is a certain kind of stimulant a very", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00048-00014619-00014866": "strange kind of stimulant", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00049-00014866-00015238": "it has its uh positive values", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00050-00015238-00015697": "and", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00051-00015697-00016023": "actually your brains could work", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00052-00016023-00016231": "really your brains work a little better", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00053-00016231-00016373": "if you're taking", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00054-00016373-00016547": "cocoa", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00055-00016547-00016753": "not with so much sugar", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00056-00016753-00016900": "sugar spice the whole game", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00057-00016900-00017304": "if you're just taking cocoa", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00058-00017304-00017476": "you're taking cocoa seeds and chew up on", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00059-00017476-00017576": "it", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00060-00017576-00017676": "[Music]", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00061-00017676-00018091": "once you get the hang of it it's nice", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00062-00018091-00018678": "the chocolate cocoa seeds if you chew on", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00063-00018678-00019048": "it it's very very good", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00064-00019048-00019436": "pepper black pepper and", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00065-00019436-00019637": "the cocoa seeds have something very", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00066-00019637-00019737": "similar", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00067-00019737-00019994": "in India we use honey and black pepper", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00068-00019994-00020297": "in combination for variety of problems", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00069-00020297-00020536": "variety of problems that people have and", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00070-00020536-00020853": "it produces miraculous results", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00071-00020853-00021140": "Coco also has something similar without", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00072-00021140-00021297": "the sting in it", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00073-00021297-00021756": "there is also 100 chocolate available", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00074-00021756-00021897": "but maybe most of you won't like it", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00075-00021897-00022006": "because it'll be bitter", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00076-00022006-00022526": "yes you can take it without sugar it's", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00077-00022526-00022685": "fine or with minimum sugar", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00078-00022685-00022998": "fine but generally the chocolate that", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00079-00022998-00023250": "you buy in the market is loaded with", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00080-00023250-00023350": "sugar", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00081-00023350-00023450": "[Music]", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00082-00023450-00023550": "thank you", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00083-00023550-00023650": "[Music]", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00084-00023650-00023750": "foreign", "0SJDGUwD-6k-00085-00023750-00023750": "[Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "0SL32hmI9Kg", "text": {"0SL32hmI9Kg-00000-00000000-00065136": "Royel HD Video"}}, {"audio_id": "0SLdW4ifyD4", "text": {"0SLdW4ifyD4-00000-00000008-00000440": "you have to have a lot of passion for what you're doing and it's totally true and the reason is", "0SLdW4ifyD4-00001-00000504-00001144": "uh is because it's so hard that if you don't any rational person would give up", "0SLdW4ifyD4-00002-00001248-00001607": "it's really hard and you have to do it over a sustained period of time", "0SLdW4ifyD4-00003-00001607-00002128": "so if you don't love it if you're not having fun doing it you don't really love it uh you're gonna", "0SLdW4ifyD4-00004-00002128-00002608": "give up and that's what happens to most people actually if you really look at at the ones that", "0SLdW4ifyD4-00005-00002680-00003096": "ended up you know being successful unquote in the eyes of society and the ones that didn't", "0SLdW4ifyD4-00006-00003096-00003552": "oftentimes it's the ones that are successful loved what they did so they could persevere", "0SLdW4ifyD4-00007-00003615-00004264": "when you know when it got really tough and and the ones that didn't love it quit because they're sane", "0SLdW4ifyD4-00008-00004328-00004640": "right who would want to put up with this stuff if you don't love it so", "0SLdW4ifyD4-00009-00004640-00005344": "it's a lot of hard work and and it's a lot of worrying constantly and uh um if you don't love it", "0SLdW4ifyD4-00010-00005464-00005720": "you're gonna fail so you gotta love it you gotta have passion"}}, {"audio_id": "0SR0ArXiDTg", "text": {"0SR0ArXiDTg-00000-00000000-00000950": "SCP-1730 Part 5 \"Extraction Mission Debriefing Report\"", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00001-00001082-00001705": "Addendum 1730.10: Extraction Mission Debriefing Report", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00002-00001705-00001978": "Mission Debrief Interview Date: ██/██/████", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00003-00001978-00002282": "Interviewee: Cpt.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00004-00002282-00002714": "Ephram Ross, Mobile Task Force Apollo-3 “Game Wardens” Team Lead", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00005-00002714-00003422": "interviewer: Dr. Peter Vincent Mission Debrief: SCP-1730 Extraction", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00006-00003422-00003733": "Subject: SCP-1730", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00007-00003733-00004305": "Notes: The following is an audio transcript excerpt of an interview conducted by Provisional", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00008-00004305-00004732": "Site-23 personnel regarding SCP-1730.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00009-00004732-00005147": "The information contained in this file is unconfirmed and under further review.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00010-00005147-00005569": "For the full file, please contact the Information and Records Administrator at Site-17.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00011-00005569-00005732": "[BEGIN LOG]", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00012-00005732-00006044": "Dr. Vincent: Please state your name for the transcript.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00013-00006044-00006396": "AP-3 Ross: Captain Ephram Ross, Mobile Task Force Apollo-3.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00014-00006396-00006495": "Game Wardens.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00015-00006495-00006831": "Dr. Vincent: Thank you, Captain Ross… alright, let’s see.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00016-00006831-00007306": "Your team was directed to infiltrate SCP-1730 and search for the source of the radio signal", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00017-00007306-00007467": "we were receiving, is that correct?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00018-00007467-00007579": "AP-3 Ross: It is.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00019-00007579-00007780": "Dr. Vincent: Tell me about your initial incursion.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00020-00007780-00007990": "AP-3 Ross: You’ve listened to the logs?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00021-00007990-00008161": "Dr. Vincent: I haven’t myself, no.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00022-00008161-00008279": "They’re still being processed.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00023-00008279-00008600": "AP-3 Ross: (Pauses) It wasn’t good in there.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00024-00008600-00009046": "Best I can tell, wherever Site-13 came from, they were using it as a sort of… “end", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00025-00009046-00009299": "of the line” processing facility.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00026-00009299-00009807": "Every so often we’d see placards up on these containment cells, about how certain things", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00027-00009807-00010033": "were due for termination.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00028-00010033-00010464": "Judging by what the Samsara team saw, that was about the case.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00029-00010464-00010890": "They were bringing in anomalies, doing some… invasive investigations to them, and then", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00030-00010890-00011019": "destroying them.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00031-00011019-00011413": "Dr. Vincent: What sort of anomalies were being housed there, could you tell?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00032-00011413-00011774": "AP-3 Ross: I mean, shit… it was really hard to tell.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00033-00011774-00012164": "Somewhere along the line the power had gone out, and it had gone all Jurassic Park in", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00034-00012164-00012265": "there.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00035-00012265-00012730": "Of just what we encountered, there was some kind of… encroaching blackness, that fucked", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00036-00012730-00013003": "up Houston’s legs, and… have you seen Houston?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00037-00013003-00013103": "Is he alright?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00038-00013103-00013454": "Dr. Vincent: He’s being looked at by medical right now, they’re going to bring him over", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00039-00013454-00013554": "here soon.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00040-00013554-00013654": "I think he’s probably alright.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00041-00013654-00014119": "AP-3 Ross: That’s good… yeah, I mean, but other than that, there was also this thing,", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00042-00014119-00014612": "I don’t know if it was a person or not, but it sort of bent space around it, and Noah…", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00043-00014612-00014712": "(Pauses)", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00044-00014712-00014812": "Dr. Vincent: It’s ok, we can—", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00045-00014812-00015002": "AP-3 Ross: No, this needs to be done.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00046-00015002-00015288": "(Pauses) We took some losses, on all of the teams.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00047-00015288-00015457": "It was bad.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00048-00015457-00015763": "Based on what we saw at the end, it could’ve gotten a lot worse, too.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00049-00015763-00015890": "Dr. Vincent: At the end?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00050-00015890-00016041": "AP-3 Ross: You didn’t see it?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00051-00016041-00016241": "No, you haven’t seen the video.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00052-00016241-00016597": "They had these cells down below the site, they must have been the size of a football", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00053-00016597-00016733": "stadium each.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00054-00016733-00017119": "Hollis had them open a few up so we could make our retreat, and the things inside…", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00055-00017119-00017560": "one of them looked at me, like I might look at an ant.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00056-00017560-00017829": "It was like a god, and they had them in boxes…", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00057-00017829-00018228": "I counted twenty of those cells, but that chamber went on a lot further past what I", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00058-00018228-00018328": "could see.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00059-00018328-00018500": "(Pauses) What were they keeping in those?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00060-00018500-00018683": "How were they keeping them in there?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00061-00018683-00018869": "[END LOG]", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00062-00018869-00019162": "Mission Debrief Interview Date: ██/██/████", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00063-00019162-00019784": "Interviewee: Agent Liam Ohalo, Mobile Task Force Apollo-3 “Game Wardens”", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00064-00019784-00020357": "interviewer: Dr. Peter Vincent Mission Debrief: SCP-1730 Extraction", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00065-00020357-00020563": "Subject: SCP-1730", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00066-00020563-00021023": "Notes: The following is an audio transcript excerpt of an interview conducted by Provisional", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00067-00021023-00021412": "Site-23 personnel regarding SCP-1730.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00068-00021412-00021813": "The information contained in this file is unconfirmed and under further review.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00069-00021813-00022185": "For the full file, please contact the Information and Records Administrator at Site-17.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00070-00022185-00022310": "[BEGIN LOG]", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00071-00022310-00022746": "Dr. Vincent: Alright, if you could, please state your name for the official transcript.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00072-00022746-00022851": "AP-3 Ohalo: (Silence)", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00073-00022851-00022991": "Dr. Vincent: Agent Ohalo?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00074-00022991-00023095": "AP-3 Ohalo: (Silence)", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00075-00023095-00023270": "Dr. Vincent: Is there something—", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00076-00023270-00023462": "AP-3 Ohalo: We should’ve died in there.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00077-00023462-00023623": "(Pauses) This isn’t real.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00078-00023623-00023743": "This isn’t real.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00079-00023743-00023911": "We were supposed to die in there.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00080-00023911-00024320": "Dr. Vincent: Agent, we really have to file this report, if you could just cooperate with", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00081-00024320-00024732": "me for a moment so I can get your official testimony, we have counselors on-site who", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00082-00024732-00024884": "you can speak to afterwards.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00083-00024884-00025030": "AP-3 Ohalo: (Silence)", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00084-00025030-00025176": "Dr. Vincent: Ohalo?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00085-00025176-00025322": "AP-3 Ohalo: (Silence)", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00086-00025322-00025422": "[END LOG]", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00087-00025422-00025668": "Mission Debrief Interview Date: ██/██/████", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00088-00025668-00026295": "Interviewee: Irantu, Mobile Task Force Tau-5 “Samsara” Team Lead", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00089-00026295-00026901": "interviewer: Dr. Isha Saint Claire Mission Debrief: SCP-1730 Extraction", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00090-00026901-00027186": "Subject: SCP-1730", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00091-00027186-00027681": "Notes: The following is an audio transcript excerpt of an interview conducted by a member", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00092-00027681-00028216": "of the Mobile Task Force Tau-5 research team regarding SCP-1730.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00093-00028216-00028645": "The information contained in this file is unconfirmed and under further review.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00094-00028645-00029043": "For the full file, please contact the Information and Records Administrator at Site-17.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00095-00029043-00029168": "[BEGIN LOG]", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00096-00029168-00029477": "Dr. Saint Claire: State your name for the record, please.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00097-00029477-00029854": "T-5 Irantu: I am Irantu, lead of Mobile Task Force Tau-5, Samsara.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00098-00029854-00030273": "Dr. Saint Claire: In your own words, please describe the events that took place while", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00099-00030273-00030405": "you were within SCP-1730.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00100-00030405-00030589": "T-5 Irantu: Of course.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00101-00030589-00031263": "The Tau-5 team inserted into SCP-1730, and began to move towards the source of the broadcast.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00102-00031263-00031672": "Onru was able to track the location of the survivors, and plotted a course towards them", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00103-00031672-00032025": "that would expose us to the fewest spatial hazards possible.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00104-00032025-00032414": "Several times our course had to be adjusted due to unforeseen obstacles, but nothing that", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00105-00032414-00032599": "we were not able to overcome.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00106-00032599-00033009": "Shortly after rendezvous with Captain Hollis and the survivors, our extraction efforts", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00107-00033009-00033415": "led us through the section of the facility containing the Thresher machine, which we", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00108-00033415-00033848": "believe is what resulted in SCP-1730’s existence within our universe.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00109-00033848-00034123": "Shortly thereafter, during our retreat, I was terminated.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00110-00034123-00034318": "Dr. Saint Claire: I see.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00111-00034318-00034505": "As for Agents Moros, Vigo, and the others?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00112-00034505-00034663": "T-5 Irantu: They were also terminated.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00113-00034663-00034823": "Dr. Saint Claire: Terminated?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00114-00034823-00034942": "T-5 Irantu: Expired.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00115-00034942-00035042": "Succumbed to their injuries.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00116-00035042-00035297": "Dr. Saint Claire: I know what it means, Irantu, I just…", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00117-00035297-00035544": "I can’t help but feel as if you feel good about this.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00118-00035544-00035955": "T-5 Irantu: I feel neither good nor bad, only satisfied at the outcome.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00119-00035955-00036098": "Dr. Saint Claire: (Pauses) What?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00120-00036098-00036361": "T-5 Irantu: Our extraction mission was a success.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00121-00036361-00036793": "With minimal loss of life, our team was able to infiltrate an extremely hazardous and volatile", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00122-00036793-00037181": "spatial anomaly and extract several high-value persons of interest.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00123-00037181-00037352": "Dr. Saint Claire: (Silence)", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00124-00037352-00037667": "T-5 Irantu: I do not know what else you would like me to say.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00125-00037667-00038055": "We were exposed to a number of dangerous anomalies and were able to successfully carry out our", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00126-00038055-00038177": "mission.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00127-00038177-00038565": "There were regrettable losses of capable and experienced personnel, but not outside of", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00128-00038565-00038740": "our margin of error.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00129-00038740-00039100": "On the contrary, our team performed better than our preliminary models predicted.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00130-00039100-00039240": "Dr. Saint Claire: I see.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00131-00039240-00039634": "(Pauses) Thank you, Irantu, I will be sure to include your remarks in the report.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00132-00039634-00039787": "T-5 Irantu: You are welcome.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00133-00039787-00040156": "(Pauses) As is required by cooperative mission protocol, I would like the opportunity to", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00134-00040156-00040338": "debrief with Zeta-9 Captain Hollis.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00135-00040338-00040638": "Dr. Saint Claire: Captain Hollis was killed within SCP-1730.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00136-00040638-00040774": "T-5 Irantu: (Silence)", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00137-00040774-00040957": "Dr. Saint Claire: Irantu?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00138-00040957-00041094": "T-5 Irantu: Regrettable.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00139-00041094-00041462": "Captain Hollis expressed great resilience in the face of near-certain failure.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00140-00041462-00041904": "(Pauses) As protocol dictates, I will file my report instead with Captain Hollis’ assigned", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00141-00041904-00042032": "Site administrator’s office.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00142-00042032-00042335": "Thank you for your time, doctor.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00143-00042335-00042436": "[END LOG]", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00144-00042436-00042733": "Medical Examination Interview Date: ██/██/████", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00145-00042733-00043320": "Interviewee: Agent Cotter Houston, Mobile Task Force Apollo-3 “Game Wardens”", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00146-00043320-00043902": "interviewer: Dr. Ian Harris Mission Debrief: SCP-1730 Extraction", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00147-00043902-00044075": "Subject: Agent Cotter Houston", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00148-00044075-00044622": "Notes: The following is an audio transcript excerpt of an interview conducted by Provisional", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00149-00044622-00045050": "Site-23 personnel regarding SCP-1730.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00150-00045050-00045469": "The information contained in this file is unconfirmed and under further review.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00151-00045469-00045940": "For the full file, please contact the Information and Records Administrator at Site-17.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00152-00045940-00046040": "[BEGIN LOG]", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00153-00046040-00046394": "Dr. Harris: Alright, first off I need your name for our logs.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00154-00046394-00046774": "AP-3 Houston: Sure, I’m Cotter Houston, member of the Apollo-3 team.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00155-00046774-00047303": "Dr. Harris: Good, good, now, Agent Houston, describe to me your affliction here, as much", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00156-00047303-00047403": "as you can.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00157-00047403-00047784": "AP-3 Houston: Well, I’m sure it’s pretty clear, but I don’t seem to have, uh, shins,", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00158-00047784-00047884": "anymore.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00159-00047884-00048281": "There’s a… there’s a line, where the thing that covered them up came up to, and", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00160-00048281-00048668": "you can sort of… sort of see the inside of the leg there, like it’s been replaced", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00161-00048668-00049121": "with a flat piece of glass, or something… but I can still, you know, I can still walk.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00162-00049121-00049651": "It doesn’t really feel like I’m missing anything down there, it just looks like it.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00163-00049651-00050091": "And you can, yeah, you can sort of run your hand through where they should be, obviously,", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00164-00050091-00050459": "because they’re not there, but… but I don’t feel that, either, so… yeah.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00165-00050459-00050652": "Dr. Harris: I see.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00166-00050652-00050908": "What can you tell me about this material you said you stepped in?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00167-00050908-00051032": "AP-3 Houston: Fell in, actually.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00168-00051032-00051345": "Or rather, I tripped, and it sort of just kept coming.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00169-00051345-00051777": "It was, shit… we opened a door, and it looked like there wasn’t anything on the other", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00170-00051777-00051877": "side of it.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00171-00051877-00052276": "Then it started to… like, it started to rise through the door, and up the stairwell.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00172-00052276-00052476": "You ever played video games?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00173-00052476-00052761": "It was like, some sort of graphical glitch.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00174-00052761-00053071": "It wasn’t rising fast or anything, just steady.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00175-00053071-00053500": "We eventually got to a door, but that was after I fell, and… then this.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00176-00053500-00053799": "Dr. Harris: Can you tell me anything about the initial sensation?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00177-00053799-00053962": "AP-3 Houston: Initial sensation?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00178-00053962-00054112": "Dr. Harris: Did it hurt?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00179-00054112-00054212": "AP-3 Houston: Oh.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00180-00054212-00054491": "No, I mean, I didn’t realize what was happening at first.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00181-00054491-00054883": "Everybody else was panicking, and then I looked down and saw they were gone and I started", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00182-00054883-00055012": "panicking, but…", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00183-00055012-00055194": "I mean, obviously I was alright.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00184-00055194-00055334": "It never hurt, no.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00185-00055334-00055474": "It just feels normal.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00186-00055474-00055686": "(Pauses) Well, not normal.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00187-00055686-00056087": "It’s obviously weird, my legs are missing, and I think I might be in shock, but…", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00188-00056087-00056479": "every now and then, I can sort of feel something sort of… brush past them.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00189-00056479-00056671": "Dr. Harris: Brush past them?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00190-00056671-00056772": "AP-3 Houston: Yeah.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00191-00056772-00056969": "I mean, the parts that are missing down there.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00192-00056969-00057382": "I thought I was imagining it at first, like guys who have phantom pain, but it’s…", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00193-00057382-00057758": "I mean, I can actually feel my legs, so I don’t think it’s that.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00194-00057758-00058174": "It’s like there’s something sort of furry and kind of wet that just… just barely brushes", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00195-00058174-00058295": "past them.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00196-00058295-00058435": "Who knows.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00197-00058435-00058575": "[END LOG]", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00198-00058575-00058852": "Mission Debrief Interview Date: ██/██/████", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00199-00058852-00059467": "Interviewer: Captain Elliott O’Neil, Mobile Task Force D-26 “Time Cops”", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00200-00059467-00059965": "interviewee: Munru, Mobile Task Force Tau-5 “Samsara”", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00201-00059965-00060515": "Mission Debrief: SCP-1730 Extraction Subject: SCP-1730", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00202-00060515-00060978": "Notes: The following is an audio transcript excerpt of an interview conducted by Provisional", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00203-00060978-00061384": "Site-23 personnel regarding SCP-1730.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00204-00061384-00061771": "The information contained in this file is unconfirmed and under further review.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00205-00061771-00062164": "For the full file, please contact the Information and Records Administrator at Site-17.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00206-00062164-00062315": "[BEGIN LOG]", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00207-00062315-00062415": "Cpt.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00208-00062415-00062615": "O’Neil: When did you lose track of Captain Hollis?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00209-00062615-00063029": "T-5 Munru: In the chaos of our retreat, Captain Hollis was separated from us.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00210-00063029-00063129": "I do not know when.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00211-00063129-00063229": "Cpt.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00212-00063229-00063379": "O’Neil: Munru, your camera was undamaged.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00213-00063379-00063552": "We know you spoke to her before she left.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00214-00063552-00063676": "T-5 Munru: Damn.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00215-00063676-00063837": "(Pauses) I am not very good at that.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00216-00063837-00063937": "Cpt.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00217-00063937-00064052": "O’Neil: Why didn’t you keep her from leaving your group?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00218-00064052-00064511": "T-5 Munru: (Pauses) I only knew Captain Hollis for a handful of hours, but in that time she", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00219-00064511-00064715": "proved to be an experienced and capable agent.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00220-00064715-00065095": "I assumed that any decision she would make in regards to her own personal behaviour would", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00221-00065095-00065525": "be made with her experiences and training in mind, both of which exceeded my own.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00222-00065525-00065671": "Additionally, she outranked me.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00223-00065671-00065771": "Cpt.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00224-00065771-00066026": "O’Neil: Your mission parameters forbade you from allowing other team members from", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00225-00066026-00066424": "putting themselves in harms way, and required that you do everything you could to mitigate", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00226-00066424-00066582": "loss of life.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00227-00066582-00066827": "How do you reconcile your actions with those requirements?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00228-00066827-00067296": "T-5 Munru: Technically speaking, nothing I did allowed Captain Hollis to put herself", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00229-00067296-00067400": "in any danger.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00230-00067400-00067910": "I could not foresee the outcome of her actions, and used my best judgement to justify my own.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00231-00067910-00068180": "For all I knew, she could have been moving to a safer location.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00232-00068180-00068280": "Cpt.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00233-00068280-00068380": "O’Neil: Away from the group?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00234-00068380-00068780": "T-5 Munru: It would be illogical to assume that an agent with her level of experience", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00235-00068780-00069077": "would purposefully endanger themselves in an unpredictable situation.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00236-00069077-00069177": "Cpt.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00237-00069177-00069539": "O’Neil: And you believe your justifications are an acceptable interpretation of your mission", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00238-00069539-00069639": "protocols?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00239-00069639-00069739": "T-5 Munru: Of course.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00240-00069739-00069839": "Cpt.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00241-00069839-00069939": "O’Neil: Very well.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00242-00069939-00070189": "When you return to holding, you will be meeting with Irantu to discuss this.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00243-00070189-00070349": "I hope your arguments hold up.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00244-00070349-00070449": "T-5 Munru: As do I.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00245-00070449-00070683": "[END LOG]", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00246-00070683-00070877": "Mission Debrief Interview Date: ██/██/████", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00247-00070877-00071574": "Interviewer: Dr. Darian Arnold interviewee: Onru, Mobile Task Force Tau-5", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00248-00071574-00072077": "“Samsara” Mission Debrief: SCP-1730 Extraction", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00249-00072077-00072296": "Subject: SCP-1730", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00250-00072296-00072750": "Notes: The following is an audio transcript excerpt of an interview conducted by a member", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00251-00072750-00073267": "of the Mobile Task Force Tau-5 research team regarding SCP-1730.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00252-00073267-00073660": "The information contained in this file is unconfirmed and under further review.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00253-00073660-00074041": "For the full file, please contact the Information and Records Administrator at Site-17.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00254-00074041-00074183": "[BEGIN LOG]", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00255-00074183-00074476": "Dr. Arnold: Why did you pursue Captain Hollis?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00256-00074476-00074947": "T-5 Onru: I believed I understood Captain Hollis’ intentions before she left the group,", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00257-00074947-00075288": "based on her discussions with the team leads before we began our extraction.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00258-00075288-00075622": "I feared that she might have not been capable of returning along our previous course without", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00259-00075622-00075722": "my assistance.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00260-00075722-00076088": "Dr. Arnold: Your recording equipment went dark for a long period before becoming active", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00261-00076088-00076258": "again in the Thresher area.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00262-00076258-00076374": "What happened during that time?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00263-00076374-00076492": "T-5 Onru: (Silence)", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00264-00076492-00076744": "Dr. Arnold: Onru, I am going to need an answer.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00265-00076744-00076933": "T-5 Onru: I disabled the equipment.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00266-00076933-00077279": "There was… (pauses) there was a room we passed through that was different than it", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00267-00077279-00077379": "had been before.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00268-00077379-00077757": "It was the server room, above the Olympia containment cells.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00269-00077757-00077857": "I do not…", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00270-00077857-00078227": "I do not know how our path ended there, I had not intended it to.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00271-00078227-00078389": "It was a mistake.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00272-00078389-00078642": "When we entered, it was on the room it had been, but…", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00273-00078642-00078782": "Dr. Arnold: What do you mean?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00274-00078782-00079086": "T-5 Onru: I am sorry, it is difficult to describe.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00275-00079086-00079516": "When we entered the door, I could see the servers around me, but superimposed over them", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00276-00079516-00080073": "was… we were standing on a precipice, overlooking an area the size of which I cannot estimate.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00277-00080073-00080512": "Below us were humans, screaming, their arms ending at their wrists, crying to the silent", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00278-00080512-00080898": "sky for restitution, and then… the sky burned.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00279-00080898-00081232": "It was like a star had fallen, and I had to look away.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00280-00081232-00081370": "Hollis could not.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00281-00081370-00081823": "When I turned back I could see scorched corpses on the ground, billions of them, but billions", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00282-00081823-00082321": "of other living beings who came rushing towards the fallen star with their arms outstretched,", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00283-00082321-00083033": "and hanging in that star like a twisted marionette was… at Site-13, they called it Malidramagiuan.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00284-00083033-00083298": "In this place, they called it another name.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00285-00083298-00083398": "A hateful name.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00286-00083398-00083629": "Dr. Arnold: Why did you disable your recording equipment?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00287-00083629-00084094": "T-5 Onru: When I first encountered this entity, it created anomalous memetic and cognitive", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00288-00084094-00084445": "hazards powerful enough to burn the SCRAMBLE units out of my eyes.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00289-00084445-00084829": "I do not know what it would have done to anyone who was not otherwise protected.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00290-00084829-00085014": "Dr. Arnold: What did it do to you?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00291-00085014-00085223": "T-5 Onru: It… showed us things.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00292-00085223-00085323": "Visions.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00293-00085323-00085633": "Coils of fire and a sky made light with a storm of souls.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00294-00085633-00085883": "A hole at the center of the universe that screamed at me.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00295-00085883-00086489": "A god of nightmares, something long and lean, slowly walking between endless rows of crucifixions,", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00296-00086489-00086843": "and then… it showed something to Hollis, that I did not see.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00297-00086843-00087356": "When it did, the runes across its… its head, began to burn and pulse, and the man who is", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00298-00087356-00087618": "strapped there began to blister and fester.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00299-00087618-00088026": "When it was done, I saw an ocean behind it, and a blue sky.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00300-00088026-00088139": "Our sky.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00301-00088139-00088383": "It turned towards the ocean, and sank into it.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00302-00088383-00088670": "When it was gone, the visions faded, and the room was empty.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00303-00088670-00088816": "Dr. Arnold: I see.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00304-00088816-00088916": "After that?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00305-00088916-00089049": "T-5 Onru: Hollis ran.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00306-00089049-00089155": "I followed her.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00307-00089155-00089383": "She said nothing until we reached the machine.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00308-00089383-00089698": "She told me that she had been there, alone, for some time.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00309-00089698-00089935": "She said she knew how to turn it on.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00310-00089935-00090312": "She said that she did not know where she would go, but that she needed to take the things", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00311-00090312-00090565": "she saw and bury them in the darkness.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00312-00090565-00090902": "Before she could start the machine, the creatures from the containment cells came into that", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00313-00090902-00091067": "chamber, and I was terminated.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00314-00091067-00091382": "Dr. Arnold: Did Captain Hollis say anything to you before you died?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00315-00091382-00091574": "T-5 Onru: No, she only laughed.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00316-00091574-00091764": "And wept.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00317-00091764-00092023": "Mission Debrief Interview Date: ██/██/████", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00318-00092023-00092781": "Interviewer: Director Willam Vesterland interviewee: Dr. Mohammad Scott, Site-13 Assistant", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00319-00092781-00093330": "Director of Temporal Studies Mission Debrief: SCP-1730 Extraction", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00320-00093330-00093532": "Subject: SCP-1730", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00321-00093532-00093985": "Notes: The following is an audio transcript excerpt of an interview conducted by Provisional", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00322-00093985-00094387": "Site-23 personnel regarding SCP-1730.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00323-00094387-00094714": "The information contained in this file is unconfirmed and under further review.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00324-00094714-00095070": "For the full file, please contact the Information and Records Administrator at Site-17.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00325-00095070-00095224": "[BEGIN LOG]", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00326-00095224-00095324": "Dir.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00327-00095324-00095501": "Vesterland: Please state your name for the record.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00328-00095501-00095711": "Dr. Scott: My name is Doctor Mohammad Scott.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00329-00095711-00095811": "Dir.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00330-00095811-00096012": "Vesterland: You seem to be a little out of place, Dr. Scott.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00331-00096012-00096184": "Dr. Scott: (Laughs) Only a little.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00332-00096184-00096393": "Our two timelines were not so different, I think.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00333-00096393-00096493": "Dir.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00334-00096493-00096593": "Vesterland: Except for the one thing.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00335-00096593-00096694": "Dr. Scott: Yes, there is that.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00336-00096694-00096794": "Dir.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00337-00096794-00096894": "Vesterland: Tell me about Site-13.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00338-00096894-00097157": "Dr. Scott: Site-13… do you want the brief version, or…?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00339-00097157-00097257": "Dir.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00340-00097257-00097357": "Vesterland: As thorough as you can be.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00341-00097357-00097506": "Dr. Scott: Very well.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00342-00097506-00097857": "Originally, there were plans to build a large containment facility in the American midwest,", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00343-00097857-00098194": "but that was before… let me back up.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00344-00098194-00098823": "In 1964, the Foundation discovered a massive, dead sea creature washed up on the shore near", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00345-00098823-00099045": "the Indian/Bangladeshi border.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00346-00099045-00099407": "No facility in the region had the kind of infrastructure it took to hold the body of", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00347-00099407-00099861": "this entity, let alone study it, so several ships were dispatched and it was dragged through", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00348-00099861-00100051": "the ocean back towards the United States.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00349-00100051-00100625": "Prior to this, the plan was to build Site-19 in the American midwest, but afterwards it", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00350-00100625-00101024": "was decided that there was no way to conceal a creature of this size and shuttle it across", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00351-00101024-00101124": "the US mainland.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00352-00101124-00101636": "So after some deliberation, the Site-19 plans were scrapped and the focus was given to another", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00353-00101636-00101900": "facility, near Nome, Alaska.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00354-00101900-00102082": "That was Site-13.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00355-00102082-00102256": "Even in the beginning, it was massive.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00356-00102256-00102619": "Considerably larger than any other site the Foundation managed, and it quickly became", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00357-00102619-00102857": "our premiere containment facility.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00358-00102857-00103370": "It was remote, fortified, and best of all, easily concealed in the snow and ice.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00359-00103370-00103840": "After the Soviet Union collapsed in ‘85, we learned that they didn’t even know Site-13", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00360-00103840-00104067": "existed, let alone where it was.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00361-00104067-00104167": "Dir.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00362-00104167-00104267": "Vesterland: I see.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00363-00104267-00104414": "When did you join the Foundation, Dr. Scott?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00364-00104414-00104611": "Dr. Scott: Oh, in…", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00365-00104611-00104711": "‘76.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00366-00104711-00105108": "I joined straight out of university, recruited by one of the administrators at my school.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00367-00105108-00105549": "That was back when we were still independent, I worked at Site-22 in Bermuda.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00368-00105549-00105737": "The best job I ever had.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00369-00105737-00105978": "(Laughs) It was a much different Foundation.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00370-00105978-00106078": "Dir.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00371-00106078-00106255": "Vesterland: Tell me about what happened to the Foundation.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00372-00106255-00106838": "Dr. Scott: (Pauses) Site-13 was very expensive to operate, and there were some… financial", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00373-00106838-00106938": "difficulties.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00374-00106938-00107528": "In 1994, a Marxist extremist from the Ukraine detonated a bomb in the basement of the Manchester", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00375-00107528-00107765": "Financial Tower in Chicago.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00376-00107765-00108177": "A fire started at the base of the building, and eventually the tower collapsed at its", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00377-00108177-00108415": "base and fell over on its side.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00378-00108415-00108515": "Thousands died.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00379-00108515-00108899": "The United States government was enraged at the Foundation after it was discovered that", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00380-00108899-00109283": "the extremist in question had used an anomaly to enter the basement and get past security.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00381-00109283-00109680": "Thought that the billions of dollars that the United States were funneling to the Foundation", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00382-00109680-00109792": "were being wasted.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00383-00109792-00110363": "After the 1996 election, President Dole decided to cut all funding for Foundation sites in", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00384-00110363-00110463": "the States.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00385-00110463-00110923": "All available funding went to keeping those sites afloat, and with the weight of Site-13…", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00386-00110923-00111062": "the situation was dire.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00387-00111062-00111162": "Dir.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00388-00111162-00111262": "Vesterland: So what happened?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00389-00111262-00111458": "Dr. Scott: A compromise.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00390-00111458-00111877": "A former Dole staffer named Paul Manafort was appointed as the Secretary General of", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00391-00111877-00112275": "the Global Occult Coalition, and came to us with a solution.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00392-00112275-00112670": "We group our resources with the Coalition’s, combining our efforts to protect normalcy", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00393-00112670-00112830": "under their leadership.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00394-00112830-00113230": "We would keep our name and our Sites, but directors would be appointed by the UN Security", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00395-00113230-00113354": "Council.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00396-00113354-00113746": "We would once again receive funding from the United States, as well as that generated by", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00397-00113746-00114058": "the United Nations, and would be able to keep the lights on.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00398-00114058-00114158": "Dir.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00399-00114158-00114258": "Vesterland: But…", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00400-00114258-00114471": "Dr. Scott: But the Overseer Council refused.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00401-00114471-00114804": "They hunkered down at Overwatch Command and refused to bend the knee.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00402-00114804-00115280": "Then, a few years later, a site in Portland, Oregon collapsed due to crumbling infrastructure", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00403-00115280-00115808": "and a creature we called the dream whale was spotted floating down the California coast.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00404-00115808-00116242": "This was very early internet days, but that didn’t stop film cameras, and… it was", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00405-00116242-00116360": "a disaster.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00406-00116360-00116748": "The Overseers mobilized all of our task forces in the area, but we didn’t even have the", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00407-00116748-00116879": "money for the amnestics.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00408-00116879-00117352": "In a day it would be over San Francisco, and that would basically be the end of it.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00409-00117352-00117786": "(Pause) Then we got an internet email that the Overseer Council had been disbanded and", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00410-00117786-00118178": "that the Foundation was now under the operation of the GOC.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00411-00118178-00118640": "Secretary General Manafort and the Security Council established a new board of directors", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00412-00118640-00119039": "overnight, and before the sun rose the dream whale was recontained and every loose end", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00413-00119039-00119139": "was tied up.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00414-00119139-00119239": "Dir.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00415-00119239-00119378": "Vesterland: Nobody resisted the change in leadership?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00416-00119378-00119478": "Dr. Scott: Why would we?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00417-00119478-00119628": "We suddenly had money.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00418-00119628-00120038": "We were suddenly no longer having to decide between taking notes on the backs of our hands", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00419-00120038-00120214": "or not taking them at all.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00420-00120214-00120685": "Secretary General Manafort installed a new Foundation Administrator, Vice President Jack", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00421-00120685-00120942": "Kemp, but he was little more than a figurehead.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00422-00120942-00121365": "New directors were appointed, most of them from our own site staffs, so… it looked", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00423-00121365-00121483": "good, honestly.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00424-00121483-00121771": "We were finally able to carry out our mission to its fullest.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00425-00121771-00122076": "We had technology, we had personnel, it was wonderful.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00426-00122076-00122464": "(Pause) And then we started to hear about people being reassigned.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00427-00122464-00122689": "Anomalies being shipped off-site and never returning.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00428-00122689-00123234": "You would hear people talk about “oh, so-and-so is in trouble now, they’re going to be sent", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00429-00123234-00123334": "to Site-13.”", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00430-00123334-00123652": "I thought most of it was just talk, and then I was reassigned, in 2003.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00431-00123652-00123752": "Dir.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00432-00123752-00123919": "Vesterland: What was it like?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00433-00123919-00124019": "Dr. Scott: Cold.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00434-00124019-00124517": "Site-13 was immense and the lights stayed on, but that facility was always cold.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00435-00124517-00124884": "They were always working on the site, more and more construction underground, and they", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00436-00124884-00125111": "kept leaving exterior doors open.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00437-00125111-00125283": "At first it wasn’t so bad.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00438-00125283-00125652": "I was able to keep doing my research, and I had more funding than ever.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00439-00125652-00125888": "Temporal/Spatial studies, you know.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00440-00125888-00126333": "The director then was Jack Bright, one of the old doctors from back in the day.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00441-00126333-00126433": "Very charismatic.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00442-00126433-00126560": "The staff loved him.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00443-00126560-00127009": "He had a medallion he wore, some anomaly from way back that made him immortal.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00444-00127009-00127358": "So long as he had it on, he wouldn’t age.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00445-00127358-00127540": "Anyway, things were great for a few years.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00446-00127540-00127953": "Then one day, another popular doctor is found dead in her office.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00447-00127953-00128104": "Cynthia Light.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00448-00128104-00128594": "The story we all get is that Bright had fancied her, but when he found she was with another", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00449-00128594-00128895": "man he went and killed her in a fit of passion.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00450-00128895-00129297": "Bright is summarily locked up, and Elliott Emerson is installed as the director of Site-13.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00451-00129297-00129397": "He…", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00452-00129397-00129497": "Dir.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00453-00129497-00129597": "Vesterland: What’s that?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00454-00129597-00130037": "Dr. Scott: Emerson was on one of Bright’s research teams when he was assigned to Site-15.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00455-00130037-00130448": "He wasn’t a popular doctor, but he was a good administrator and helped make sure that", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00456-00130448-00130759": "the important projects stayed afloat during the financial crisis.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00457-00130759-00131272": "He was on the short list of people to become the director of Site-13 after the reorganization,", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00458-00131272-00131472": "but Bright got picked over him.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00459-00131472-00131615": "Some people said he felt slighted.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00460-00131615-00131859": "A lot of people said he framed Bright.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00461-00131859-00132288": "I think Manafort didn’t like Bright’s anti-Coalition sentiments, had him made out", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00462-00132288-00132723": "to be some dangerous anomaly that had to be contained, then put Emerson up because nobody", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00463-00132723-00132914": "would complain about Emerson.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00464-00132914-00133059": "He was very middle-of-the-road.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00465-00133059-00133232": "Didn’t stand out much.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00466-00133232-00133622": "Elliott ended up… doing some terrible things, but I truly believe he was only doing them", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00467-00133622-00133774": "because Manafort demanded it.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00468-00133774-00133874": "Dir.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00469-00133874-00133988": "Vesterland: What kind of terrible things?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00470-00133988-00134398": "Dr. Scott: I didn’t see much until years later, but… we always heard about things", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00471-00134398-00134604": "happening deeper below the site.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00472-00134604-00134976": "They were building all of the new containment cells, and research facilities.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00473-00134976-00135158": "Then they built the incinerator.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00474-00135158-00135576": "Originally it was made so they could dispose of the body of that sea monster from before,", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00475-00135576-00135888": "but then they just started using it for… everything.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00476-00135888-00136189": "At first they were doing some invasive testing on anomalous animals.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00477-00136189-00136333": "Then on humans.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00478-00136333-00136459": "Then the vivisections began.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00479-00136459-00136855": "The Ethics Committee tried to step in, but they were removed.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00480-00136855-00137379": "They dragged the old chairman, Jeremiah Cimmerian, out into the commons at Site-17 and shot him", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00481-00137379-00137591": "in the head for being a traitor.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00482-00137591-00138080": "Peter Grenwald became the new Foundation/GOC Ethics Head, and of course all of the new", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00483-00138080-00138265": "tests were approved.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00484-00138265-00138684": "I don’t know what they were testing for, but… if you were anomalous and you weren’t", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00485-00138684-00138926": "found to have it, you went into the body pit.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00486-00138926-00139425": "We kept hearing “it’s for the greater good, it’s for the protection of mankind”,", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00487-00139425-00139583": "what were we supposed to do?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00488-00139583-00139744": "Speak out and end up like Cimmerian?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00489-00139744-00139938": "(Pauses) Maybe for a braver man.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00490-00139938-00140349": "But I knew the work I was doing was good, so I kept my head down and carried on.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00491-00140349-00140680": "Then… well, (laughs) it sounds silly now.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00492-00140680-00140964": "In 2010 we contained God.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00493-00140964-00141097": "Not just any god, either.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00494-00141097-00141240": "The Abrahamic God.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00495-00141240-00141739": "The actual, thunder and lightning, Y-H-W-H, fire and brimstone god.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00496-00141739-00142172": "I don’t know how they managed it; some technology developed by the Coalition, I’m sure.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00497-00142172-00142360": "And that was just the first.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00498-00142360-00142728": "They filled Site-13 to the brim with everything they could get their hands on.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00499-00142728-00142828": "Dir.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00500-00142828-00142928": "Vesterland: (Pauses) Well.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00501-00142928-00143028": "That is… a lot.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00502-00143028-00143403": "I guess the only other question I have immediately is… what happened to Site-13?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00503-00143403-00143614": "Dr. Scott: Vera Hadley.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00504-00143614-00143888": "Doctor of Internal Medicine from some site in Italy.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00505-00143888-00144154": "For a few years, she was the site’s Chief Biologist.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00506-00144154-00144563": "The Security Council made her the Assistant Director of Anomalous Biology at the same", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00507-00144563-00144910": "time I was promoted to the same position for Temporal Studies.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00508-00144910-00145375": "She and Elliott had been… together… and she pretty adamantly opposed everything he", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00509-00145375-00145583": "was making us do.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00510-00145583-00145964": "Elliott kept his tail between his legs, but Manafort wouldn’t have it.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00511-00145964-00146402": "He had her stripped of her position after just three months, and demoted to junior researcher", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00512-00146402-00146548": "after that.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00513-00146548-00147000": "One night after staging some kind of demonstration, some guards showed up and… well… they", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00514-00147000-00147533": "stripped her naked and inspected her for contraband, right in the middle of the main corridor.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00515-00147533-00147994": "When they were done and satisfied, they nearly beat her to death and left her there.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00516-00147994-00148320": "Myself and a few other doctors took her to the medical center and she recovered, but", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00517-00148320-00148534": "she never really recovered.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00518-00148534-00148877": "Something inside her had died, or been replaced with something else.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00519-00148877-00149123": "She did something, hatched some scheme.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00520-00149123-00149447": "She sent me an email about it, the night before she did it, but I didn’t pay any attention.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00521-00149447-00150002": "When it happened, and when that… thing, attacked the site, Emerson came and begged", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00522-00150002-00150114": "me to turn on the Thresher.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00523-00150114-00150613": "It was supposed to be an absolutely last ditch effort to protect the world, a wholly untested", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00524-00150613-00151060": "piece of technology that was just as likely to have burned the world than saved it.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00525-00151060-00151567": "It’s entire existence was the result of a joke, one that I might have taken too seriously", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00526-00151567-00151724": "at the time, but either way.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00527-00151724-00152172": "I refused, told him the risk was too great, that even if it worked, we were just creating", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00528-00152172-00152502": "a problem for another world, but… he was inconsolable.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00529-00152502-00152998": "He told me that staying and facing the Secretary General would be a fate worse than death.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00530-00152998-00153301": "He pulled a gun on me, demanded I do it.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00531-00153301-00153401": "I fled.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00532-00153401-00153734": "Went to gather my team in the hopes that we could escape, but before we could even leave", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00533-00153734-00153860": "our lab, it happened.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00534-00153860-00153960": "(Pauses) It…", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00535-00153960-00154060": "Dir.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00536-00154060-00154160": "Vesterland: Are you alright?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00537-00154160-00154260": "Dr. Scott: Yes.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00538-00154260-00154425": "The Thresher was a complicated machine.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00539-00154425-00154869": "I guess I should count myself lucky that we survived at all, but… we may very well have", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00540-00154869-00155198": "been in that strange space between worlds for a thousand years.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00541-00155198-00155622": "When we awoke, we were still in Site-13, but the cells were thrown open and the inmates", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00542-00155622-00155737": "were loose.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00543-00155737-00155986": "If you had not come down for us, we would have died.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00544-00155986-00156109": "(Pause) I am certain of this.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00545-00156109-00156209": "Dir.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00546-00156209-00156362": "Vesterland: Do you know where Site-13 has gone?", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00547-00156362-00156547": "Dr. Scott: There is no way to predict it.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00548-00156547-00156898": "Chances are it will be a place like this, but then, it may not.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00549-00156898-00157183": "It could be any number of strange and unknown worlds.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00550-00157183-00157382": "(Pauses) You knew someone who was left within.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00551-00157382-00157482": "Dir.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00552-00157482-00157582": "Vesterland: I do.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00553-00157582-00157682": "Dr. Scott: As do I.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00554-00157682-00157923": "We were not the only survivors, though there were not many of us.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00555-00157923-00158023": "They… well.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00556-00158023-00158283": "They did not fare as well as we did.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00557-00158283-00158553": "It is a tragedy, but there is nothing that can be done now.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00558-00158553-00158801": "(Pauses) I only hope… maybe…", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00559-00158801-00159141": "I hope that after all this, Emerson has found some peace.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00560-00159141-00159410": "He truly was a great doctor, and he was my friend.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00561-00159410-00159510": "Dir.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00562-00159510-00159610": "Vesterland: I… of course.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00563-00159610-00159757": "Thank you for your time, Dr. Scott.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00564-00159757-00159862": "We’ll speak again soon.", "0SR0ArXiDTg-00565-00159862-00159947": "[END LOG]"}}, {"audio_id": "0TRBRlW8dyU", "text": {"0TRBRlW8dyU-00000-00000390-00000764": "And I'm going to show you how to clip a chickens wings", "0TRBRlW8dyU-00001-00000764-00001100": "We sell lots of chickens every day and can clip your chickens wings for you", "0TRBRlW8dyU-00002-00001100-00001800": "But if you ever need to clip their wings again, we've made this video to help", "0TRBRlW8dyU-00003-00003631-00004089": "You just clip the one wing so that it unbalances them, and means they can't fly", "0TRBRlW8dyU-00004-00004089-00004586": "As you can see in the photo, you want to cut the first 10 or Primary feather", "0TRBRlW8dyU-00005-00004586-00004870": "Along the line of feathers covering them", "0TRBRlW8dyU-00006-00004870-00005570": "up to the gap where the secondary feathers start", "0TRBRlW8dyU-00007-00006191-00006891": "You might want to ask someone to hold the wing out for you", "0TRBRlW8dyU-00008-00006893-00007467": "You then just cut the Primary feathers along the line of shorter feathers, up to where the secondary feathers start", "0TRBRlW8dyU-00009-00007467-00007763": "Once again just cutting the Primary Feathers along the line of shorter feathers", "0TRBRlW8dyU-00010-00007763-00007995": "Up to where the secondary feathers start"}}, {"audio_id": "0TUnpWtSKxo", "text": {"0TUnpWtSKxo-00000-00000000-00000146": "My name is Kuriko", "0TUnpWtSKxo-00001-00000148-00000442": "I'm in love with Kyung-sik who is a Korean man.", "0TUnpWtSKxo-00002-00000442-00000566": "Good night, Kuriko", "0TUnpWtSKxo-00003-00000566-00000686": "Good night, honey", "0TUnpWtSKxo-00004-00000994-00001370": "Every night, we kiss and sleep together", "0TUnpWtSKxo-00005-00001370-00001490": "But", "0TUnpWtSKxo-00006-00001738-00001938": "Eh?!", "0TUnpWtSKxo-00007-00001938-00002050": "What? What?", "0TUnpWtSKxo-00008-00002182-00002394": "Is he going today, too?", "0TUnpWtSKxo-00009-00002614-00002884": "Kyung-sik goes to the bathroom alone every day.", "0TUnpWtSKxo-00010-00002884-00002984": "What's wrong?", "0TUnpWtSKxo-00011-00002984-00003192": "I should check him today", "0TUnpWtSKxo-00012-00003192-00003314": "Okay", "0TUnpWtSKxo-00013-00003361-00003476": "So nervous.", "0TUnpWtSKxo-00014-00003476-00003804": "I'm more nervous than playing games when my mom sleeps", "0TUnpWtSKxo-00015-00003804-00003870": "But", "0TUnpWtSKxo-00016-00003872-00004178": "The floor is unable to bear my weight.", "0TUnpWtSKxo-00017-00004178-00004382": "It was safe from the earthquake but...", "0TUnpWtSKxo-00018-00004776-00005044": "The sound of something moving steadily", "0TUnpWtSKxo-00019-00005044-00005378": "I think Kyung-sik's gone to heaven.", "0TUnpWtSKxo-00020-00005378-00005540": "And then it is...?", "0TUnpWtSKxo-00021-00005540-00005702": "No. Absolutely not.", "0TUnpWtSKxo-00022-00005702-00005862": "Never!", "0TUnpWtSKxo-00023-00005864-00006126": "Okay, I need to check it myself.", "0TUnpWtSKxo-00024-00006332-00006444": "Honey", "0TUnpWtSKxo-00025-00006550-00006620": "Kuriko", "0TUnpWtSKxo-00026-00006620-00006790": "What are you doing!?", "0TUnpWtSKxo-00027-00006790-00006956": "You're going to work early tomorrow.", "0TUnpWtSKxo-00028-00006956-00007094": "So I was washing your clothes.", "0TUnpWtSKxo-00029-00007094-00007238": "[SUGOI]", "0TUnpWtSKxo-00030-00007240-00007730": "The kind Kyung-sik did the laundry for me every night.", "0TUnpWtSKxo-00031-00007730-00007992": "He was closing the door so that I wouldn't wake up.", "0TUnpWtSKxo-00032-00007992-00008134": "My lovely boy♥", "0TUnpWtSKxo-00033-00008324-00008570": "Thanks to Kyung-sik's kindness today,", "0TUnpWtSKxo-00034-00008572-00008812": "There is only love left in our hearts.", "0TUnpWtSKxo-00035-00008812-00009088": "The laundry was all about Kyung-sik's underwear.", "0TUnpWtSKxo-00036-00009088-00009188": "what the f", "0TUnpWtSKxo-00037-00009192-00009954": "[Thank you for watching it. I hope it will be helpful if there is someone who is studying Korean.]"}}, {"audio_id": "0Uq8s3OsHdu", "text": {"0Uq8s3OsHdu-00000-00000880-00001412": "My book titled 'Cyber Operations and International Law' has just been released by Cambridge University Press", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00001-00001412-00002052": "At a time when nearly half of the world is under lockdown due to the outbreak of the corona virus.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00002-00002148-00002600": "The current sanitary crisis also raises important concerns in terms of cybersecurity", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00003-00002600-00003118": "and the use of ICTs (information and communication technologies).", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00004-00003118-00003652": "Such as the use of ICTs by governments to monitor and track", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00005-00003652-00003994": "the spread of the virus and the movement of their population…", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00006-00003994-00004606": "Also regarding the spread of disinformation related to the virus and the crisis…", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00007-00004692-00005236": "In terms of actual cybersecurity threats and incidents, we see mainly two trends:", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00008-00005272-00005662": "On the one hand, Opportunistic cyber operations.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00009-00005664-00006142": "Such as the one taking advantage of the exponential increase of telework…", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00010-00006168-00006745": "Another example may be found in the illegitimate applications or emails", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00011-00006745-00007231": "offering to provide you with information on the virus or the crisis and which are actually the vehicles", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00012-00007231-00007478": "for ransomwares or phishing attacks.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00013-00007550-00008150": "On the other hand, there are also cyber-attacks against hospitals, research centres", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00014-00008156-00008634": "or health-related institutions, such as the W.H.O.   (World Health Organisation).", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00015-00008676-00009388": "They take mainly the form of ransomware and distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00016-00009460-00010064": "These are not new, yet they are particularly worrisome in these specific circumstances.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00017-00010144-00010582": "These cybersecurity incidents and threats raise numerous questions", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00018-00010582-00011188": "for researchers in cybersecurity – either from computer sciences, humanities or law.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00019-00011248-00011664": "What were cybersecurity threats and incidents during this crisis ?", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00020-00011664-00011984": "... and how they took advantage of the crisis?", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00021-00012062-00012692": "Were the law enforcement agencies and the national legislations well equipped to address these new challenges?", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00022-00012736-00013416": "What can we learn from this crisis and how should we adapt our cybersecurity policy and legislation?", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00023-00013440-00014100": "My book is not addressing these questions, nor it is focusing on cybersecurity during sanitary crisis.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00024-00014100-00014663": "Yet, the developments comprised in my book are also relevant for such circumstances.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00025-00014708-00015360": "Existing international law and norms of responsible behaviour are also applicable and relevant", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00026-00015360-00015812": "for the cyber operations taking place during this sanitary crisis,", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00027-00015812-00016174": "as recently highlighted by several blog posts and articles.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00028-00016212-00016341": "My book analyses:", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00029-00016352-00016638": "how to attribute a cyber operation to a State.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00030-00016638-00017132": "What is the lawfulness of the different type of cyber operations under international law?", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00031-00017132-00017778": "What are the consequences of an unlawful cyber operation and the available responses for the victims?", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00032-00017778-00018346": "Thus, the questions raised in my book and its findings also offer an accurate lens", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00033-00018346-00018850": "to study the cybersecurity threats and incidents during the corona virus crisis.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00034-00019278-00019672": "‘Does International Law Matter in Cyberspace?’ This is the research question of my book.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00035-00019672-00020182": "International law, and in particular the Charter of the United Nations, are the backbone", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00036-00020182-00020798": "of international relations and are crucial for maintaining international peace and security.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00037-00020798-00021708": "Yet, we may wonder whether a State will consider international law as a suitable framework to address a massive cyber operation…", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00038-00021714-00021882": "... meddling with its elections...", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00039-00021882-00022212": "... shutting down electricity for thousands of citizens or...", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00040-00022212-00022522": "... blowing up an industrial facility on its territory.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00041-00022530-00023042": "In recent years, some States have attributed cyber operations to other States,", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00042-00023042-00023366": "sometimes qualifying them as wrongful acts,", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00043-00023366-00023850": "but without telling which rules or principles of international law had been breached", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00044-00023850-00024278": "nor using the international legal framework to respond to these acts.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00045-00024300-00024748": "Does this mean that international law is not suitable to address the threats", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00046-00024748-00025284": "associated with the exponential development of the internet and new technologies ?", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00047-00025298-00025822": "Or is it because States are not clear on how to apply international law to cyberspace?", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00048-00025895-00026588": "My book addresses these questions by providing an in-depth analysis of how the rules and principles", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00049-00026588-00027192": "of international law apply to cyber operations as well as a deep dive into State practice.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00050-00027606-00028130": "My book is comprised of an introduction, a conclusion and ten chapters grouped into three parts.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00051-00028130-00028724": "The introduction provides the readers with the necessary background and demonstrates", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00052-00028724-00029045": "that international law is applicable to cyberspace.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00053-00029077-00029756": "Thus, the rest of the book focuses on analyzing how existing rules and principles of international law", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00054-00029756-00030214": "apply to cyber operations as well as on state practice on these matters.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00055-00030224-00030800": "I recently designed this flowchart on the application of international law to cyber operations", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00056-00030800-00031300": "which offers a perfect illustration to navigate the content of my book.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00057-00031304-00031548": "When a cyber operation occurs,", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00058-00031552-00031932": "the first step is to determine whether it can be attributed to a State,", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00059-00031932-00032527": "either because it has been conducted by ione of its organs or by a non-state actor acting on its behalf.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00060-00032598-00033236": "This is what is analyzed in the first part of my book, which unpacks the question of attribution.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00061-00033280-00033938": "Chapter 2 studies how to identify the computers and individuals involved in the cyber operation.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00062-00033982-00034350": "Chapter 3 investigates the questions related to evidence.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00063-00034368-00035146": "Chapter 4, finally, focuses on the attribution of a cyber operation to a State and investigates State practice.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00064-00035146-00035610": "The second step is to assess the lawfulness of the cyber operation.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00065-00035628-00035944": "cyber operations are not unlawful per se,", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00066-00035972-00036614": "but they may constitute unlawful conduct depending on the way they are performed and their consequences.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00067-00036650-00037110": "Chapters 5 and 6 study in which cases a cyber operation may constitute", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00068-00037112-00037340": "an internationally wrongful cyber act.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00069-00037348-00038098": "Demonstrating that only a very limited number of cyber operations may constitute a use of force and that", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00070-00038100-00038642": "territorial sovereignty, the prohibition of intervention and human rights constitute", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00071-00038642-00039182": "more relevant legal frameworks to assess the lawfulness of cyber operations.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00072-00039244-00039988": "Chapter 7 investigates the circumstances that may preclude the wrongfulness of an unlawful cyber operation.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00073-00040010-00040510": "In some cases, even if a cyber operation is not attributed to a state,", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00074-00040512-00041252": "that state may be still held responsible according to the principle of due diligence for letting its territory", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00075-00041252-00041764": "being used by another actor for the perpetration of the cyber operation.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00076-00041778-00042032": "This is the focus of Chapter 8.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00077-00042060-00042556": "Finally, the last part of the book encompasses the two last steps of the flowchart:", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00078-00042568-00043404": "a cyber operation, attributed to a State (Part I) and constituting an internationally wrongful act (Part II),", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00079-00043408-00043948": "entitles the victim State to invoke the responsibility of the perpetrating State.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00080-00043992-00044574": "Chapter 9 examines the law of State responsibility and how reparation may intervene.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00081-00044606-00045026": "Chapter 10 investigates the measures of self-help", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00082-00045032-00045406": "– namely measures of retorsion, countermeasures and self-defense –", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00083-00045410-00045822": "that can be taken by a victim State against the responsible State.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00084-00046252-00046906": "Throughout its 10 chapters, my book presents and offers a legal analysis of about 20 cases of", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00085-00046906-00047772": "alleged state conducted or sponsored cyber operations, such as Stuxnet, Babar, NotPetya and WannaCry.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00086-00047796-00048232": "On WannaCry and NotPetya, for instance, the book offers:", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00087-00048246-00049020": "Firstly, an analysis of the collective attributions made by several States of these cases to North Korea and Russia.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00088-00049028-00049602": "Secondly, it assesses lawfulness of these cyber operations under international law.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00089-00049608-00050490": "Finally, since both NotPetya and WannaCry were based on the EthernalBlue Exploit allegedly developed by the NSA,", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00090-00050490-00051136": "the book wonder on the responsibility of the United States in these cases from the point of view of international law.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00091-00051579-00052048": "My book is among the first of its kind to offer a comprehensive analysis of", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00092-00052048-00052564": "the international law applicable to cyber operations in both peacetime and wartime.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00093-00052617-00052867": "This book has three main outcomes:", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00094-00052917-00053624": "Firstly, international law is not a panacea able to solve all issues related to cyber operations.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00095-00053679-00054178": "International law may leave a victim State helpless in some circumstances.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00096-00054217-00054976": "It also demonstrates that, for instance, in some cases a State may be entitled by international law to act,", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00097-00054979-00055314": "but this State may lack the technical capabilities to do so,", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00098-00055320-00055638": "which is not a matter to be solved by international law.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00099-00055729-00056376": "Secondly, it is the first book to offer a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the question of remedies.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00100-00056414-00056691": "The most striking finding is that countermeasures,", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00101-00056691-00057046": "which are generally considered a palliative to self-defense,", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00102-00057048-00057614": "should be considered as the main form of self-help against state-sponsored cyber operations.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00103-00057676-00058202": "Thirdly, it demonstrates the importance of the principle of non-intervention in this context.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00104-00058210-00058944": "Indeed, cyberspace offers to States many new possibilities to intervene in the affairs of other States.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00105-00058982-00059605": "In that sense, numerous cases of alleged state sponsored cyber operations,", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00106-00059608-00059778": "if not the majority,", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00107-00059778-00060091": "constitutes unlawful interventions under international law.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00108-00060272-00060788": "I hope you found this virtual book presentation interesting and that it triggered or reinforced", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00109-00060788-00061240": "your interest for the international law applicable to cyber operations and for my book.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00110-00061338-00062132": "The book is available on the website of Cambridge University Press and Cambridge Core, the links are available in the description of the video.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00111-00062150-00062708": "The flowchart used to present the content of the book has been published in both English and French.", "0Uq8s3OsHdu-00112-00062712-00063176": "The references and links of these publications are also available in the description of this video."}}, {"audio_id": "0USjm-GUh2Y", "text": {"0USjm-GUh2Y-00000-00000496-00000850": "[Music]", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00001-00001096-00001754": "welcome to this video thermocouples", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00002-00001538-00001943": "a thermocouple is an electrical", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00003-00001754-00002240": "temperature sensor that is capable of", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00004-00001943-00002384": "converting heat into voltage the amount", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00005-00002240-00002558": "of voltage that is produced is", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00006-00002384-00002809": "proportional to the amount of heat to", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00007-00002558-00003017": "which it is exposed thermocouples are", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00008-00002809-00003083": "made of two dissimilar metals joined", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00009-00003017-00003340": "together", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00010-00003083-00003578": "when exposed to heat a small number of", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00011-00003340-00003823": "electrons drift from one metal to the", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00012-00003578-00004013": "other at the junction the result is that", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00013-00003823-00004250": "a small voltage develops across the", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00014-00004013-00004517": "junction observe how this voltage", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00015-00004250-00004763": "develops watch as we place a thermometer", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00016-00004517-00005033": "into a container of hot liquid and take", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00017-00004763-00005222": "a measurement now we place a", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00018-00005033-00005537": "thermocouple in the hot liquid and", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00019-00005222-00005784": "record the voltage measurement", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00020-00005537-00005991": "use the table from the manufacturer of", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00021-00005784-00006264": "this Jay thermocouple to determine the", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00022-00005991-00006439": "temperature of the water", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00023-00006264-00006622": "does the temperature measured by the", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00024-00006439-00006895": "thermocouple match the temperature", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00025-00006622-00007243": "measured by the thermometer no it does", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00026-00006895-00007434": "not the connection between the positive", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00027-00007243-00007633": "lead from the voltmeter which is made of", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00028-00007434-00007861": "copper and the iron wire of the", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00029-00007633-00008184": "thermocouple forms a second Junction", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00030-00007861-00008389": "that produces a voltage the voltage it", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00031-00008184-00008647": "produces is not the same as the voltage", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00032-00008389-00008872": "at the primary Junction for two reasons", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00033-00008647-00009142": "the secondary Junction is connected by a", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00034-00008872-00009429": "terminal and not twisted together and", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00035-00009142-00009646": "the secondary Junction is exposed to the", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00036-00009429-00009958": "ambient air temperature not the hot", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00037-00009646-00010153": "water for this reason a small voltage", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00038-00009958-00010314": "forms at the secondary Junction and", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00039-00010153-00010594": "cancels some of the voltage at the", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00040-00010314-00010882": "primary Junction this situation will", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00041-00010594-00011061": "cause an inaccurate reading one way to", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00042-00010882-00011325": "solve this problem is to control the", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00043-00011061-00011509": "voltage of the secondary Junction this", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00044-00011325-00011731": "is achieved by immersing the junction", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00045-00011509-00012003": "into ice water that is at 32 degrees", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00046-00011731-00012267": "Fahrenheit at this temperature the", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00047-00012003-00012538": "junction does not produce any voltage", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00048-00012267-00012822": "this connection is referred to as the", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00049-00012538-00012963": "reference or the cold Junction take the", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00050-00012822-00013228": "voltage measurement of the thermocouple", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00051-00012963-00013588": "by immersing the reference Junction into", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00052-00013228-00013777": "the ice water using the manufacturers", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00053-00013588-00014069": "table determine the temperature measured", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00054-00013777-00014069": "by the thermocouple", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00055-00014447-00014876": "now we'll check your understanding feel", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00056-00014709-00015403": "free to press pause if you need more", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00057-00014876-00015634": "time to review the questions question 1", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00058-00015403-00015781": "voltage readings of the thermocouple are", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00059-00015634-00016275": "taken to determine temperature", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00060-00015781-00016275": "measurements question 2", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00061-00016579-00017007": "when the secondary Junction is not", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00062-00016779-00017220": "immersed in ice water the voltage it", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00063-00017007-00017451": "produces cancels some of the voltage", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00064-00017220-00017800": "produced by the primary Junction", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00065-00017451-00017934": "question 3 using the manufacturers table", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00066-00017800-00018162": "determine the temperature when the", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00067-00017934-00018470": "thermocouple produces one point four", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00068-00018162-00018470": "eight millivolts", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00069-00018939-00019554": "the correct answer is 30 degrees Celsius", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00070-00019343-00019919": "congratulations you've completed this", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00071-00019554-00019919": "activity thermocouples", "0USjm-GUh2Y-00072-00020427-00020633": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "0VYQ-YoQhPy", "text": {"0VYQ-YoQhPy-00000-00000685-00001125": "Free Market Excoriates YETI After Company Severed Ties with NRA", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00001-00001125-00001620": "Alienating your core customer base is not a particularly smart business move, yet that’s", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00002-00001620-00001868": "exactly what YETI recently chose to do.", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00003-00001868-00002404": "Now, the outdoor brand is facing a serious backlash from consumers… and it’s a perfect", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00004-00002404-00002668": "example of the free market in action.", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00005-00002668-00003093": "As part of the short-sighted trend of blaming the National Rifle Association and its millions", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00006-00003093-00003582": "of law-abiding members for unrelated gun crimes, the YETI company decided to cut ties with", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00007-00003582-00003886": "the gun rights and sportsman’s group earlier this month.", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00008-00003886-00004373": "“Suddenly, without prior notice, YETI has declined to do business with The NRA Foundation", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00009-00004373-00004820": "saying they no longer wish to be an NRA vendor, and refused to say why.", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00010-00004820-00005236": "They will only say they will no longer sell products to The NRA Foundation,” explained", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00011-00005236-00005428": "the association in an open letter.", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00012-00005428-00005690": "“That certainly isn’t sportsmanlike.", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00013-00005690-00006230": "They have declined to continue helping America’s young people enjoy outdoor recreational activities.", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00014-00006230-00006650": "These activities enable them to appreciate America and enjoy our natural resources with", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00015-00006650-00007179": "wholesome and healthy outdoor recreational and educational programs,” the letter continued.", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00016-00007179-00007563": "In the days that followed, many individual sportsmen announced that YETI wouldn’t get", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00017-00007563-00007970": "another dime of their money — and now major retailers and competing brands have jumped", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00018-00007970-00008072": "into the fray.", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00019-00008072-00008593": "“In response to the news, some retailers vowed to stop selling YETI’s famed products,", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00020-00008593-00009056": "including its coolers, cups and apparel, in their stores,” reported TheBlaze.", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00021-00009056-00009578": "“One store in particular, Ozark Sportsman Supply, went viral with a Facebook post this", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00022-00009578-00009686": "week.”", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00023-00009686-00010176": "A huge part of free market capitalism is sensing an opportunity when it arises, and that’s", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00024-00010176-00010503": "exactly what many of YETI’s competitors have done.", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00025-00010503-00010962": "Some of them, including Pelican Coolers, offered sportsman’s discounts or pledged to donate", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00026-00010962-00011255": "to the NRA each time one of their products was purchased.", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00027-00011255-00011659": "Others like Orca Coolers released pro-Second Amendment videos and statements.", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00028-00011659-00012110": "It’s tough to gauge the financial impact of YETI’s decision, but judging by the tens", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00029-00012110-00012504": "of thousands of likes and comments on their competitor’s pro-gun statements, it’s", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00030-00012504-00012947": "a safe bet that a decent amount of money has been cut off from the troubled brand.", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00031-00012947-00013080": "This is freedom in action.", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00032-00013080-00013481": "There’s something particularly American about consumers voting with their hard-earned", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00033-00013481-00013903": "dollars, and watching keen competitors fill the void left by a company that deserts its", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00034-00013903-00014019": "base.", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00035-00014019-00014303": "Notice that nobody called for YETI to be disbanded.", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00036-00014303-00014831": "No angry mob showed up at the company headquarters with torches, pitchforks, or mythical “assault", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00037-00014831-00014936": "weapons.”", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00038-00014936-00015363": "What did happen was that the brand made a decision about its own reputation and marketing,", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00039-00015363-00015736": "and millions of customers freely chose to take their business elsewhere.", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00040-00015736-00016194": "The free market has spoken, and brands which support American values and the Second Amendment", "0VYQ-YoQhPy-00041-00016194-00017424": "have heard the message loud  and clear."}}, {"audio_id": "0WkKAGAabsg", "text": {"0WkKAGAabsg-00000-00000165-00000500": "Beautiful cherry blossom in spring.", "0WkKAGAabsg-00001-00000510-00000614": "Hello everyone!", "0WkKAGAabsg-00002-00000614-00000726": "Thank you for watching!", "0WkKAGAabsg-00003-00000726-00000782": "pa pi pu pe...", "0WkKAGAabsg-00004-00000782-00000877": "This is Paruparu.", "0WkKAGAabsg-00005-00000877-00000927": "( I weared no make up today hehe )", "0WkKAGAabsg-00006-00000927-00001000": "So, in this time", "0WkKAGAabsg-00007-00001000-00001127": "I want to introduce my painting to you.", "0WkKAGAabsg-00008-00001127-00001543": "Because, The Art Museum bought my painting!!", "0WkKAGAabsg-00009-00001543-00002098": "So, I wanna introduce of them.", "0WkKAGAabsg-00010-00002121-00002283": "here~", "0WkKAGAabsg-00011-00002340-00002398": "here", "0WkKAGAabsg-00012-00002475-00003055": "Here is the art gallery. Name is \"WHAT CAFE\". I exhibited my paintings untill Mar 20th.", "0WkKAGAabsg-00013-00003080-00003150": "So...", "0WkKAGAabsg-00014-00003152-00003636": "My paintings are here", "0WkKAGAabsg-00015-00003687-00003776": "look", "0WkKAGAabsg-00016-00003776-00003976": "\" Collection of Art Museum \"", "0WkKAGAabsg-00017-00004127-00004365": "I'm looking for angle...", "0WkKAGAabsg-00018-00004451-00004532": "Is it better?", "0WkKAGAabsg-00019-00004543-00004602": "All right,", "0WkKAGAabsg-00020-00004602-00004752": "My painting is behind me", "0WkKAGAabsg-00021-00004753-00004990": "I will say 3, 2, 1...", "0WkKAGAabsg-00022-00005014-00005172": "3, 2, 1.....", "0WkKAGAabsg-00023-00005301-00005351": "pop!", "0WkKAGAabsg-00024-00005351-00005736": "Painting is here ;)", "0WkKAGAabsg-00025-00005749-00006042": "Title \" new eyes born from sun's blood (2019)", "0WkKAGAabsg-00026-00006069-00006178": "how?", "0WkKAGAabsg-00027-00006263-00006556": "The Art Museum bought this painting.", "0WkKAGAabsg-00028-00006556-00006933": "It is difficult that shoot I and my painting by selfie.", "0WkKAGAabsg-00029-00006969-00007231": "How tall this painting?", "0WkKAGAabsg-00030-00007594-00007794": "Like this.", "0WkKAGAabsg-00031-00007820-00008328": "Canvas is F100 / hight over 160cm", "0WkKAGAabsg-00032-00008350-00008560": "I used 3 F100 canvases.", "0WkKAGAabsg-00033-00008571-00008771": "We gonna look details.", "0WkKAGAabsg-00034-00008771-00008971": "little bumpy,", "0WkKAGAabsg-00035-00008971-00009096": "sandy, grainy,", "0WkKAGAabsg-00036-00009210-00009267": "like", "0WkKAGAabsg-00037-00009433-00009693": "I was particular about the details", "0WkKAGAabsg-00038-00010026-00010226": "I using tripod now,", "0WkKAGAabsg-00039-00010297-00010497": "It is difficult to shoot by this angle", "0WkKAGAabsg-00040-00010735-00010991": "Here is details.", "0WkKAGAabsg-00041-00011040-00011321": "I painted this painting in 2019 and", "0WkKAGAabsg-00042-00011321-00011521": "It was sleep.", "0WkKAGAabsg-00043-00011521-00012015": "I'm really glad to found a place for it !", "0WkKAGAabsg-00044-00012088-00012238": "and...", "0WkKAGAabsg-00045-00012238-00012605": "I wanna introduce my other paintings to you.", "0WkKAGAabsg-00046-00012648-00012907": "Here is process for one of my painting.", "0WkKAGAabsg-00047-00012965-00013187": "I finished like...", "0WkKAGAabsg-00048-00013255-00013455": "This", "0WkKAGAabsg-00049-00013693-00013920": "It is little bumpy like oil painting when we look closer.", "0WkKAGAabsg-00050-00013932-00014094": "I really like this painting.", "0WkKAGAabsg-00051-00014133-00014353": "I painted in 2021.", "0WkKAGAabsg-00052-00014378-00014452": "look", "0WkKAGAabsg-00053-00014453-00014551": "It is little bumpy.", "0WkKAGAabsg-00054-00014551-00014801": "So, this painting is...", "0WkKAGAabsg-00055-00014801-00015001": "\" Adam and Eve \"", "0WkKAGAabsg-00056-00015001-00015625": "I think they are bad*ss lol", "0WkKAGAabsg-00057-00015714-00015811": "because,", "0WkKAGAabsg-00058-00015811-00016128": "They could living forever if they ain't ate fruit of the tree of knowledge. But,", "0WkKAGAabsg-00059-00016140-00016605": "They ate that fruit even they knew that they got punished.", "0WkKAGAabsg-00060-00016615-00017103": "Literally crazy lol", "0WkKAGAabsg-00061-00017103-00017262": "I think.", "0WkKAGAabsg-00062-00017349-00017459": "So,", "0WkKAGAabsg-00063-00017469-00017914": "I express crazy human on canvas for it.", "0WkKAGAabsg-00064-00017942-00018862": "I wanna express \"The stupidity and beauty of mankind that has been repeated since the days of Adam and Eve\".", "0WkKAGAabsg-00065-00019094-00019144": "yep.", "0WkKAGAabsg-00066-00019195-00019533": "When I painted this...", "0WkKAGAabsg-00067-00019536-00019736": "It was 2019.", "0WkKAGAabsg-00068-00019748-00020279": "I was really confused about my personal things when I painted it.", "0WkKAGAabsg-00069-00020299-00021000": "So, I wanted something new point of view.", "0WkKAGAabsg-00070-00021032-00021526": "I wanted to be reborn.", "0WkKAGAabsg-00071-00021701-00021901": "I think the sun is a symbol of life.", "0WkKAGAabsg-00072-00021939-00022441": "So I imagine bleeding sun and I imagine new life born from that blood.", "0WkKAGAabsg-00073-00022442-00022562": "Why eyes?", "0WkKAGAabsg-00074-00022562-00023134": "The eyes are a very impressive part for me.", "0WkKAGAabsg-00075-00023223-00023345": "So,", "0WkKAGAabsg-00076-00023366-00023828": "The eyes are born first in my mind.", "0WkKAGAabsg-00077-00023863-00023913": "yes!", "0WkKAGAabsg-00078-00023929-00023984": "hehe", "0WkKAGAabsg-00079-00024035-00024657": "Here is new one. I painted in 2021.", "0WkKAGAabsg-00080-00024672-00024969": "I used resin for these paintings.", "0WkKAGAabsg-00081-00025037-00025173": "What is these paintings?", "0WkKAGAabsg-00082-00025183-00025383": "We saw Adam and Eve right?", "0WkKAGAabsg-00083-00025410-00025648": "They are eyes of Adam and Eve.", "0WkKAGAabsg-00084-00025684-00025798": "Not only eyes.", "0WkKAGAabsg-00085-00025809-00026152": "This is a Face. and teeth and some parts.", "0WkKAGAabsg-00086-00026206-00026406": "Why they are glaring?", "0WkKAGAabsg-00087-00026417-00026569": "It is my imagine...", "0WkKAGAabsg-00088-00026569-00027067": "I thought they are crazy.", "0WkKAGAabsg-00089-00027277-00027342": "yep.", "0WkKAGAabsg-00090-00027382-00027490": "They are.", "0WkKAGAabsg-00091-00027528-00027833": "I was fun when I painted this.", "0WkKAGAabsg-00092-00027848-00028015": "Because it's like a decoration."}}, {"audio_id": "0Wv1n6nt49Y", "text": {"0Wv1n6nt49Y-00000-00000006-00000786": "the amount of views we're getting is still similar to what we were getting before, about two views for", "0Wv1n6nt49Y-00001-00000786-00001728": "every hour or so on our new videos. and this is the organic part. and we could add another two views", "0Wv1n6nt49Y-00002-00001728-00002442": "per hour if we were to keep the videos that were getting views, and so the result. we could hit extra", "0Wv1n6nt49Y-00003-00002442-00003264": "views per hour if I made all my videos published, and hopefully that will suddenly go up my views."}}, {"audio_id": "0WVUvT1BnDY", "text": {"0WVUvT1BnDY-00000-00000460-00000933": "Hi everybody thanks for stopping by and welcome to my kitchen here at Little", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00001-00000933-00001496": "Spoon Farm. we have been baking up a ton of sourdough recipes this month.", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00002-00001496-00001998": "We've got a video for sourdough bread, we've got one for cinnamon rolls, we have", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00003-00001998-00002561": "one for sourdough discard crackers, what else pancakes and", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00004-00002561-00003254": "waffles. So the next recipe in the list are these sourdough biscuits and these", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00005-00003254-00003846": "are buttermilk biscuits. They are delicious, they bake up so light and", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00006-00003846-00004641": "fluffy and buttery and these are gonna be one of your new favorites. So let's go", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00007-00004641-00005219": "ahead and dive into the details of how you can get these on your table by", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00008-00005219-00005778": "tomorrow morning. So you want to go ahead and get this mix started the night", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00009-00005778-00006239": "before you want to actually bake your biscuits. You're going to start out", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00010-00006239-00007061": "by using a cheese grater to grate the cold butter into a bowl ,you can also cut", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00011-00007061-00007503": "it into cubes if you don't have a grater, but then you're gonna want to cut the", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00012-00007503-00007943": "flour into the butter. I like to use a bench scraper to do this but you can use", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00013-00007943-00008511": "a fork or a pastry cutter. So go ahead and add your buttermilk and your", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00014-00008511-00009182": "sourdough starter to the mixture and just use your spatula to kind of mix", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00015-00009182-00009525": "that together. I went ahead and added a little bit of sugar but that is optional", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00016-00009525-00009978": "but I think it gets them a really good flavor. So all you do is mix that up", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00017-00009978-00010452": "until the dough comes together and you're gonna cover that and let it sit", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00018-00010452-00010889": "on your counter overnight. Once you wake up in the morning and you're ready", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00019-00010889-00011700": "to bake, you're going to add baking soda, baking powder and salt to this dough and", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00020-00011700-00012054": "you're going to work that in with your hands and what I recommend you do is", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00021-00012054-00012675": "take the baking soda the baking powder and salt put it into a little bowl and", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00022-00012675-00013019": "mix it up really all together and then sprinkle half of", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00023-00013019-00013466": "that one to the dough, and then work that in with your hands really well.", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00024-00013466-00013870": "Sprinkle the other half on the dough and continue to work that in really well. You", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00025-00013870-00014675": "want to get it incorporated into that batter really really well so just use", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00026-00014675-00015383": "your hand and work that in and then once it's worked in you're going to flour", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00027-00015383-00016066": "your work surface generously with some all-purpose flour. Turn the dough out", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00028-00016066-00016790": "onto the flour and then sprinkle more flour on the top. Next you're going to", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00029-00016790-00017356": "just use your hands to press the dough into a rectangular shape about one-inch", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00030-00017356-00017981": "thick and then you'll use a biscuit cutter, I like to use the 3-inch biscuit", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00031-00017981-00018409": "cutter. If you don't have that, you can also use a glass mason jar with a three", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00032-00018409-00018881": "inch wide mouth to cut these out but just press straight down.", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00033-00018881-00019301": "You can wiggle it just a little bit to separate the dough from the biscuit", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00034-00019301-00019720": "cutter but just go straight down and pull it straight back up. If you twist", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00035-00019720-00020162": "that biscuit cutter it's going to seal the edges and it's gonna prevent the", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00036-00020162-00020895": "biscuits from rising very well. Arrange the biscuits in the skillet.", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00037-00020895-00021416": "If you don't have a cast iron skillet go ahead and just use a baking", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00038-00021416-00022013": "sheet and arrange those biscuits about a half-inch apart from each other. I", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00039-00022013-00022454": "just gather up these scraps and kind of push them together and go ahead and cut", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00040-00022454-00022981": "out as many biscuits as I can. I usually get about twelve out of this recipe with", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00041-00022981-00023528": "this size cutter and at this point with the scraps, I don't really care how they", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00042-00023528-00024134": "look, I just don't want to waste any dough. So now you'll want to have your", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00043-00024134-00024770": "oven preheating to 400 degrees F and then once you get these all arranged in the pan,", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00044-00024770-00025200": "then you can go ahead and bake these for about 25 to 30 minutes.", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00045-00025200-00025791": "You want to bake them until they're nice and golden brown on top.", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00046-00025791-00026513": "Once they come out of the oven you want to serve them right away.", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00047-00026513-00026997": "I wanted to go ahead and show you a", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00048-00026997-00027695": "an example of what a biscuit looks like if you don't mix that baking", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00049-00027695-00028202": "powder and soda and salt in really well. You tend to get these kind of brown", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00050-00028202-00028650": "spots on the biscuits which they don't taste bad but it's almost like little", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00051-00028650-00029205": "pockets of those ingredients and so they will still taste delicious", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00052-00029205-00029541": "but that's what you want to look out for. Just go ahead and make sure those are", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00053-00029541-00029880": "mixed in really well and then you won't have any of those spots at all", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00054-00029880-00030488": "like you can see on this one. So anyway I hope that you enjoy this recipe, and if", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00055-00030488-00030941": "you do, go ahead and comment in the comment section below", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00056-00030941-00031350": "and give me a thumbs up and subscribe for more sourdough videos. So until the", "0WVUvT1BnDY-00057-00031350-00031610": "next time, bye!"}}, {"audio_id": "0XAUgzq04n8", "text": {"0XAUgzq04n8-00000-00000610-00000968": "Welcome to the iSchool’s instructional video on the thesis.", "0XAUgzq04n8-00001-00000968-00001627": "This video was developed by Lindsay McNiff, revised by Navroop Gill and Anna Standish,", "0XAUgzq04n8-00002-00001627-00002441": "re-designed and narrated by Victoria McAuley, and based on the template by Brenna Pladsen.", "0XAUgzq04n8-00003-00002441-00003254": "A thesis is an argument or claim with which one can reasonably disagree.", "0XAUgzq04n8-00004-00003254-00003800": "It’s a specific statement that will indicate a basis for your argument, and demonstrate", "0XAUgzq04n8-00005-00003800-00004542": "how you will support your claim throughout the body of your essay.", "0XAUgzq04n8-00006-00004542-00004642": "Before you begin…", "0XAUgzq04n8-00007-00004642-00004935": "You need to understand your paper.", "0XAUgzq04n8-00008-00004935-00005347": "Your thesis should be tailored to the style of paper that you’re writing.", "0XAUgzq04n8-00009-00005347-00005876": "Different types of papers have different requirements, for example: argumentative papers need to", "0XAUgzq04n8-00010-00005876-00006489": "present a unique argument, while comparative papers need to compare two or more works,", "0XAUgzq04n8-00011-00006489-00007772": "and interpretive papers need to demonstrate your unique insights into a topic.", "0XAUgzq04n8-00012-00007772-00008354": "Your research style is also informed by your style of paper or argument.", "0XAUgzq04n8-00013-00008354-00008735": "If you already have a working thesis, you can let it guide your research.", "0XAUgzq04n8-00014-00008735-00010139": "If not, try creating guiding questions based on your paper topic.", "0XAUgzq04n8-00015-00010139-00010435": "Brainstorming can help you format your ideas as you research.", "0XAUgzq04n8-00016-00010435-00011025": "A good brainstorm can help you retain information, and construct your thesis.", "0XAUgzq04n8-00017-00011025-00011622": "Everyone brainstorms different, but you can try using a mindmap, list, voice memo, or", "0XAUgzq04n8-00018-00011622-00012678": "skeleton outline.", "0XAUgzq04n8-00019-00012678-00013171": "After you’ve researched and brainstormed, try creating a working thesis.", "0XAUgzq04n8-00020-00013171-00013666": "A working thesis outlines your main ideas, and can be adapted as you write.", "0XAUgzq04n8-00021-00013666-00014130": "It doesn’t have to be perfect, just good enough to start writing.", "0XAUgzq04n8-00022-00014130-00015184": "This practice leads to the creation of a stronger final thesis.", "0XAUgzq04n8-00023-00015184-00015625": "Now it’s time to write your paper.", "0XAUgzq04n8-00024-00015625-00016153": "The first paragraph of your essay should introduce your topic, give context to your argument,", "0XAUgzq04n8-00025-00016153-00017011": "mention any relevant framing literature, and present your thesis.", "0XAUgzq04n8-00026-00017011-00017506": "Your thesis should explain what your paper will argue, describe how you will form your", "0XAUgzq04n8-00027-00017506-00018079": "argument, act as a map for your reader, outline your point, and be appropriately specific,", "0XAUgzq04n8-00028-00018079-00018384": "and complex.", "0XAUgzq04n8-00029-00018384-00019176": "Your thesis tells the reader what to expect.", "0XAUgzq04n8-00030-00019176-00019720": "The body of the essay fulfils the promise made by the thesis, and each paragraph supports", "0XAUgzq04n8-00031-00019720-00020540": "or elaborates on the thesis.", "0XAUgzq04n8-00032-00020540-00021019": "When writing your paper, ask yourself: does this paragraph support my thesis?", "0XAUgzq04n8-00033-00021019-00022047": "If not, you may need to re-write, or remove the paragraph.", "0XAUgzq04n8-00034-00022047-00022856": "Examine this thesis statement: Young adults are underserved by public libraries.", "0XAUgzq04n8-00035-00022856-00023696": "This thesis statement does not provide enough detail, and is not sufficiently argumentative", "0XAUgzq04n8-00036-00023696-00024126": "for a graduate level essay.", "0XAUgzq04n8-00037-00024126-00026119": "Now, examine the revised thesis statement on the slide above.", "0XAUgzq04n8-00038-00026119-00026629": "This thesis statement provides sufficient context, detail, and argument for a graduate", "0XAUgzq04n8-00039-00026629-00027219": "level paper.", "0XAUgzq04n8-00040-00027219-00027739": "When writing your thesis statement: Don’t constrain yourself to one sentence.", "0XAUgzq04n8-00041-00027739-00028000": "Use a few sentences to explain your point clearly", "0XAUgzq04n8-00042-00028000-00028524": "Don’t make your thesis your first sentence.", "0XAUgzq04n8-00043-00028524-00028889": "Orient your reader with an introduction.", "0XAUgzq04n8-00044-00028889-00029370": "Don’t wait to perfect your thesis before you start writing.", "0XAUgzq04n8-00045-00029370-00029914": "Instead, edit your working thesis as you write.", "0XAUgzq04n8-00046-00029914-00030191": "Most of all, don’t panic!", "0XAUgzq04n8-00047-00030191-00030730": "Break the essay-writing process into small, manageable steps, and reach out for help if", "0XAUgzq04n8-00048-00030730-00030973": "you need it.", "0XAUgzq04n8-00049-00030973-00031563": "If you’re still feeling stuck, visit the links on the slide in front of you."}}, {"audio_id": "0XHuzzwm28I", "text": {"0XHuzzwm28I-00000-00000010-00000356": "Here comes my Live Reaction & Review of Free! Season 3 episode 3!", "0XHuzzwm28I-00001-00001188-00001494": "Hi hi and welcome to \"Kazu guckt\". I'm Kazu.", "0XHuzzwm28I-00002-00001532-00002424": "I'm looking forward to episode 3 and wish you much fun with my live reaction and review!", "0XHuzzwm28I-00003-00004004-00004148": "Don't say such things... :(", "0XHuzzwm28I-00004-00007800-00007938": "Why do you not like him?", "0XHuzzwm28I-00005-00009288-00009488": "Why does he dream about being alone?", "0XHuzzwm28I-00006-00009898-00010086": "HE didn't want to talk with him", "0XHuzzwm28I-00007-00010576-00010776": "poor baby...", "0XHuzzwm28I-00008-00011962-00012602": "I don't know what to think about Hiyori... atm he is so...", "0XHuzzwm28I-00009-00013194-00013819": "I think it's mean that he doesn't want Ikuya to have contact to Haru and the others...", "0XHuzzwm28I-00010-00015028-00015256": "I think I've to download the opening", "0XHuzzwm28I-00011-00016191-00016818": "So many characters we still don't know... I checked it: It's only going to have 12 episodes", "0XHuzzwm28I-00012-00016942-00017450": "So I think it's going to be exciting soon *sneeze* I'm sorry!", "0XHuzzwm28I-00013-00020046-00020386": "aaah he looks so good!", "0XHuzzwm28I-00014-00020578-00021106": "OMG look at him! OMG", "0XHuzzwm28I-00015-00021710-00021946": "He's probably very popular in Australia!", "0XHuzzwm28I-00016-00022766-00023112": "Does he not have to be careful that he doesn't bite himself with those teeth?", "0XHuzzwm28I-00017-00024788-00025402": "It's cool to see another country... Oh is it going to be a Rin episode?", "0XHuzzwm28I-00018-00028177-00028377": "What?", "0XHuzzwm28I-00019-00030683-00030962": "So sweet how they talk English", "0XHuzzwm28I-00020-00032616-00032816": "Oh probably Natsuya!", "0XHuzzwm28I-00021-00034040-00034240": "Told you so~", "0XHuzzwm28I-00022-00035330-00035530": "They don't know each other yet, right?", "0XHuzzwm28I-00023-00036428-00036566": "You can see it probably", "0XHuzzwm28I-00024-00039238-00039362": "What`?", "0XHuzzwm28I-00025-00045010-00045170": "Be friends again...", "0XHuzzwm28I-00026-00045898-00046098": "nothing is fine...", "0XHuzzwm28I-00027-00051158-00051358": "So he is swimming too", "0XHuzzwm28I-00028-00054891-00055344": "So cute that they're calling each other! They were not that close!", "0XHuzzwm28I-00029-00059700-00060005": "I can imagine they'll get along soon", "0XHuzzwm28I-00030-00063612-00063750": "That's cool", "0XHuzzwm28I-00031-00069240-00069342": "No he hasn't", "0XHuzzwm28I-00032-00071882-00072116": "He just fell asleep!", "0XHuzzwm28I-00033-00075612-00075812": "I think he's missing him~", "0XHuzzwm28I-00034-00078134-00078266": "I don't think so either", "0XHuzzwm28I-00035-00078586-00078724": "He can talk a lot", "0XHuzzwm28I-00036-00083470-00083572": "Ask him that!", "0XHuzzwm28I-00037-00096136-00096302": "Isn't it the same place as last time?", "0XHuzzwm28I-00038-00099236-00099358": "those two!", "0XHuzzwm28I-00039-00105888-00106009": "He knows why", "0XHuzzwm28I-00040-00115038-00115198": "I like the attitude", "0XHuzzwm28I-00041-00117450-00117532": "Now?", "0XHuzzwm28I-00042-00122580-00122661": "Well he's right!!", "0XHuzzwm28I-00043-00123582-00123906": "Rin likes too many guys!", "0XHuzzwm28I-00044-00128059-00128259": "They could have finish the race??", "0XHuzzwm28I-00045-00130344-00130544": "Is he really leaving to Japan?", "0XHuzzwm28I-00046-00134352-00134866": "They're mean! They make hints for so many ships!", "0XHuzzwm28I-00047-00135220-00135420": "The end", "0XHuzzwm28I-00048-00137718-00137812": "Have to download it too!", "0XHuzzwm28I-00049-00137994-00139022": "Guys! This episode! I didn't find it very exciting but I liked", "0XHuzzwm28I-00050-00139064-00140456": "that all the characters start to get to know each other", "0XHuzzwm28I-00051-00140534-00140902": "That everyone knows about everyone in the end", "0XHuzzwm28I-00052-00140970-00142338": "For me it was an episode just to link all the characters together", "0XHuzzwm28I-00053-00142524-00143262": "Other than that there wasn't much plot in this episode", "0XHuzzwm28I-00054-00143438-00143784": "Natsuya is going back to Japan now", "0XHuzzwm28I-00055-00144152-00146052": "I actually like Natsuyas way of swimming. That he travels around the world, wins money with races", "0XHuzzwm28I-00056-00146060-00146636": "And he uses the money to keep traveling, which I think it's very interesting.", "0XHuzzwm28I-00057-00146750-00147942": "Otherwise it's cute that he wants to go back to Japan now to see his sweetheart again", "0XHuzzwm28I-00058-00148028-00149278": "And Guys! I always thought it was hard to tell which of the many ships I prefer and season 3", "0XHuzzwm28I-00059-00149568-00151064": "makes it even harder! You can ship everyone! And that thing Natsuya said to Rin!", "0XHuzzwm28I-00060-00151154-00151964": "He's totally right! And Haru likes 3 guys now in my opinion!", "0XHuzzwm28I-00061-00151988-00152510": "Not only with Mako and Rin, no now he even likes Ikuya", "0XHuzzwm28I-00062-00152550-00153106": "And everyone is sweet together. I really don't know what to do!", "0XHuzzwm28I-00063-00153328-00154080": "Well I hope in the next episodes there will be more things happening!", "0XHuzzwm28I-00064-00154100-00155000": "It's only a 12 episode season so it has to become more exciting now in my opinion!", "0XHuzzwm28I-00065-00155100-00156238": "I want Ikuya and the others to be friends again. That's my wish for this season which I think will come true", "0XHuzzwm28I-00066-00156606-00157138": "I've got a question to you! Who, from all Free! characters, is your favourite?", "0XHuzzwm28I-00067-00157138-00157528": "Write it down to the comments and lets discuss about your opinion!", "0XHuzzwm28I-00068-00157552-00157990": "Why do you like him the most and did you like him before or started to like him in this season?", "0XHuzzwm28I-00069-00158088-00158924": "I would be happy about likes, subs and insta follows!", "0XHuzzwm28I-00070-00158936-00159354": "I wish you a wonderful day! See you next time! Your Kazu"}}, {"audio_id": "0YqZH0ci-8E", "text": {"0YqZH0ci-8E-00000-00000284-00000604": "And I'm delighted to see the MIKTA ambassadors here", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00001-00000604-00000808": "this morning in the front row.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00002-00000808-00001280": "And I also acknowledge the presence of other ambassadors and members", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00003-00001280-00001544": "of our diplomatic network here", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00004-00001544-00001772": "and Vice Chancellor Ian Young,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00005-00001772-00002380": "thank you so much for hosting this seminar here at ANU.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00006-00002380-00002620": "Nearly two years ago,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00007-00002620-00002848": "five countries came together,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00008-00002848-00003112": "through a meeting of their foreign ministers", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00009-00003112-00003572": "in the margins of the United Nations General Assembly in New York", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00010-00003572-00003872": "to form a new partnership.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00011-00003872-00003996": "At first blush,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00012-00003996-00004256": "a somewhat unlikely grouping,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00013-00004256-00004560": "MIKTA, made up of the nations of Mexico,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00014-00004560-00005080": "Indonesia, Korea, Turkey, and Australia.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00015-00005080-00005424": "We are nations of influence in our respective regions,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00016-00005424-00005636": "geographically.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00017-00005636-00006268": "While each nation has different, although complimentary priorities,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00018-00006268-00006820": "it is evident that MIKTA brings greater weight together as a group", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00019-00006820-00007252": "than what could be achieved by acting alone.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00020-00007252-00007640": "For example, the combined GDP of MIKTA countries", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00021-00007640-00007984": "is over $5.8 trillion,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00022-00007984-00008248": "about 8% of the world's economy,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00023-00008248-00008528": "and this share is expected to grow.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00024-00008528-00008936": "Our combined population is around 530 million,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00025-00008936-00009364": "about 8% of the world's population.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00026-00009364-00009556": "We're all members of the United Nations,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00027-00009556-00009812": "the G20, the World Trade Organization,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00028-00009812-00010116": "the Global Partnership for the Development Cooperation.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00029-00010116-00010400": "We're likeminded on many global issues.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00030-00010400-00010888": "And we're all active contributors on the global stage.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00031-00010888-00011268": "Yet there's a diverse range of geographic, thematic,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00032-00011268-00011672": "and religious groupings in which three or more of the MIKTA countries", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00033-00011672-00011900": "are also prominent contributors", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00034-00011900-00012320": "which we find to be one of the group's great strengths.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00035-00012320-00012704": "For Australia, MIKTA marks a significant addition", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00036-00012704-00012984": "to the type and composition of international partnerships", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00037-00012984-00013244": "we have traditionally prioritised.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00038-00013244-00013436": "The complexities of the modern world", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00039-00013436-00013756": "demand Australia develop new  and innovative ways", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00040-00013756-00014068": "of pursuing our interests.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00041-00014068-00014300": "Countries now have to give priority", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00042-00014300-00014691": "to solving issues that transcend borders and regions.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00043-00014691-00015219": "And we must work with others who share similar foreign policy priorities.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00044-00015219-00015512": "This is why Australia is part of MIKTA,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00045-00015512-00016119": "a new partnership that has potential to be a significant and positive force for good.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00046-00016119-00016540": "MIKTA members are marked by our diversity", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00047-00016540-00017028": "but we share characteristics that make us practical partners.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00048-00017028-00017188": "We have a common interest", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00049-00017188-00017788": "in promoting an open, free, rules-based international order.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00050-00017788-00017980": "We are all democracies.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00051-00017980-00018324": "We believe in open trade and economic development.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00052-00018324-00019172": "Our economies are the 12th, 14th, 15th,  16th and 17th largest in the world", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00053-00019172-00019604": "and growing at a faster rate than many in the top 10.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00054-00019604-00019804": "Goldman Sachs has predicted that", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00055-00019804-00020276": "Mexico may well become the 5th largest economy by 2050,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00056-00020276-00020588": "and PwC assesses that on current growth rates Indonesia", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00057-00020588-00021088": "will be the 7th largest economy by 2030,  and 4th by 2050;", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00058-00021088-00021396": "Turkey is also likely to be in the top ten.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00059-00021396-00021748": "Australia and Korea aspire to be so.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00060-00021748-00022220": "So MIKTA provides a forum to exchange views and canvass possible solutions", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00061-00022220-00022424": "to common challenges.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00062-00022424-00022904": "It is a forum that hopes to shape international opinion in ways", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00063-00022904-00023164": "that benefit us all.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00064-00023164-00023552": "Last month in Seoul, my fellow MIKTA foreign ministers and I", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00065-00023552-00023876": "discussed the most serious challenges we are facing.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00066-00023876-00024032": "The joint communique issued", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00067-00024032-00024464": "after the meeting reveals the range of issues discussed and agreed upon,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00068-00024464-00024796": "including counter terrorism.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00069-00024796-00025096": "No country is immune from the scourge of terrorism", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00070-00025096-00025400": "and the phenomenon of foreign terrorist fighters.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00071-00025400-00025608": "Terrorism is now more global,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00072-00025608-00026024": "more complex, more dangerous  than ever before.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00073-00026024-00026164": "Fuelled by hate,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00074-00026164-00026460": "the terrorist organisations such as Daesh", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00075-00026460-00026839": "are attracting thousands of citizens  from across the globe", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00076-00026839-00027188": "to join these murderous causes.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00077-00027188-00027404": "During the MIKTA Foreign Ministers Meeting,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00078-00027404-00027692": "we learned from Korean authorities", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00079-00027692-00028132": "that a South Korean teenager had attempted to enter Syria", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00080-00028132-00028456": "with the intention of joining Daesh.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00081-00028456-00028944": "We shared experiences, ideas,  and information.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00082-00028944-00029332": "I detailed how Australia faces this same real threat.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00083-00029332-00029492": "Since becoming Foreign Minister", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00084-00029492-00029836": "I have cancelled around 120 Australian passports", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00085-00029836-00030264": "to prevent Australian citizens traveling to Syria and Iraq", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00086-00030264-00030795": "to become foreign terrorist fighters in that conflict.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00087-00030795-00031160": "Our joint communique explicitly expressed our agreement", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00088-00031160-00031556": "to stand together against the common threat of terrorism", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00089-00031556-00031816": "and recognised the importance of governments and communities,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00090-00031816-00032244": "strengthening social cohesion to meet the challenge of violent extremism.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00091-00032244-00032383": "We highlighted the importance", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00092-00032383-00032956": "of preventing and addressing the issue of foreign terrorist fighters.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00093-00032956-00033152": "Over the past two years", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00094-00033152-00033496": "MIKTA have issued a number of joint press releases", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00095-00033496-00033924": "on issues as diverse as Ebola,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00096-00033924-00034184": "North Korea's nuclear program,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00097-00034184-00034572": "the downing of Malaysian Airlines MH17,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00098-00034572-00034812": "global health, global governance,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00099-00034812-00035124": "even on International Women's Day.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00100-00035124-00035412": "Our UN ambassadors  in New York and Geneva", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00101-00035412-00035644": "meet regularly to discuss the contribution", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00102-00035644-00036076": "that MIKTA can make to strengthening global governance.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00103-00036076-00036380": "MIKTA members are also concerned about the global economy.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00104-00036380-00036620": "Australia wants to promote global prosperity", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00105-00036620-00036980": "through openness to trade and helping drive business growth.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00106-00036980-00037460": "And we find that MIKTA can be utilised as a powerful advocate", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00107-00037460-00037840": "for the benefits of liberalised trade and investment.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00108-00037840-00038172": "We have strong trade, investment, and tourism linkages", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00109-00038172-00038384": "between the MIKTA members already", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00110-00038384-00038668": "and there is plenty of opportunity to expand this.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00111-00038668-00039080": "Last year alone, other MIKTA countries,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00112-00039080-00039160": "other than Australia", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00113-00039160-00039772": "so that makes it the MIKTA invested around $25 billion in Australia.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00114-00039772-00040124": "Visitors from MIKTA countries spent approximately 5.8%", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00115-00040124-00040516": "of the total expenditure of overseas visitors here in Australia.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00116-00040516-00040856": "And of Australians travelling overseas for short term visits,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00117-00040856-00041384": "nearly 13% travelled to Mexico, Indonesia, Korea, or Turkey.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00118-00041384-00041636": "I'm also working with my MIKTA colleagues to test", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00119-00041636-00041828": "whether our development cooperation", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00120-00041828-00042200": "is meeting the contemporary challenges the world faces.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00121-00042200-00042676": "I am committed to making continuous improvements to our aid program.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00122-00042676-00043016": "Recently we established the InnovationXchange", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00123-00043016-00043304": "where we identify innovative solutions", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00124-00043304-00043708": "to otherwise intractable development issues, trial them,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00125-00043708-00044120": "and if they work we scale them up and apply them in our region.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00126-00044120-00044324": "But MIKTA opens up new opportunities", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00127-00044324-00044852": "to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the programs we deliver.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00128-00044852-00045348": "We can play a bridging role between developed and developing countries.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00129-00045348-00045416": "In coming months,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00130-00045416-00045824": "there are two critical global negotiations on development cooperation.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00131-00045824-00046184": "In Ethiopia in July, countries will come together to discuss ways", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00132-00046184-00046592": "to finance how the world tackles poverty.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00133-00046592-00046716": "In New York in September,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00134-00046716-00047032": "the nations of the world will seek to agree on the successors", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00135-00047032-00047300": "to the Millennium Development Goals.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00136-00047300-00047448": "These are big issues for Australia.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00137-00047448-00047692": "And we, along with other MIKTA members,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00138-00047692-00048052": "have been a vocal contributor to these discussions.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00139-00048052-00048344": "Our participation in these meetings provides an opportunity", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00140-00048344-00048508": "to combine our voices", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00141-00048508-00048860": "and support the issues and the international institutions", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00142-00048860-00049292": "which promote our interests and values.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00143-00049292-00049688": "The value of MIKTA as a forum is reflected", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00144-00049688-00050044": "by how often the foreign ministers meet;", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00145-00050044-00050708": "three times a year on the margins of the UN General Assembly Leaders' Week,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00146-00050708-00050924": "on the margins of the G20,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00147-00050924-00051344": "and the specially convened MIKTA Foreign Minister's meeting.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00148-00051344-00051740": "And this gives the group a unique and powerful momentum,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00149-00051740-00052079": "building deep and lasting connections.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00150-00052079-00052384": "And I have appreciated the opportunity", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00151-00052384-00052700": "to get to know my foreign minister counterparts", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00152-00052700-00053067": "from Mexico, Indonesia, Korea, and Turkey;", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00153-00053067-00053308": "a very unique opportunity,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00154-00053308-00053772": "that is difficult to share with others.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00155-00053772-00054128": "This September, Korea will hand over to Australia,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00156-00054128-00054404": "the position of coordinator of MITKA.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00157-00054404-00054667": "And I take this opportunity to thank Korea,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00158-00054667-00054991": "particularly Foreign Minister Byung-se for all that they have done", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00159-00054991-00055424": "to enhance MIKTA's capacity and influence.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00160-00055424-00055884": "Australia will focus on establishing practical ways of working together", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00161-00055884-00056191": "to achieve tangible outcomes.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00162-00056191-00056560": "And I look forward to hosting my fellow MIKTA foreign ministers", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00163-00056560-00056779": "in Australia next year.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00164-00056779-00057140": "Mexico and Seoul have set a very high standard,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00165-00057140-00057479": "so I intend to take  the opportunity to showcase", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00166-00057479-00057848": "to the delegates the best of Australia's world-leading achievements", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00167-00057848-00058472": "in innovation, science, technology, culture, education, fashion, and sport.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00168-00058472-00058760": "Already, MIKTA members have come up with creative ways", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00169-00058760-00059172": "to build greater people to people links between our countries.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00170-00059172-00059420": "We are exchanging diplomats.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00171-00059420-00060008": "We are engaging in each other's graduate diploma courses", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00172-00060008-00060364": "in our respective Departments of Foreign Affairs and Trade.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00173-00060364-00060684": "We are exchanging academics, students, journalists", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00174-00060684-00061228": "so that we can understand each other better and the challenges we face.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00175-00061228-00061579": "And I extend a special welcome this morning to the journalists", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00176-00061579-00062100": "who have travelled from Seoul, Jakarta, Ankara, and Mexico City.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00177-00062100-00062516": "I encourage other academics and students in Australia and other MIKTA countries", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00178-00062516-00062816": "to continue to consider the challenges and opportunities", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00179-00062816-00063176": "and areas of common interest for MIKTA countries.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00180-00063176-00063479": "I particularly want to thank the Australian National University,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00181-00063479-00063716": "and Professor Michael Wesley,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00182-00063716-00064004": "for agreeing to lead the MIKTA academic work here", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00183-00064004-00064408": "at the Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00184-00064408-00064672": "As MIKTA continues to strengthen,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00185-00064672-00065120": "I expect we will find many more  opportunities to cooperate,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00186-00065120-00065836": "many more opportunities to have our voice heard jointly on issues of concern.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00187-00065836-00065972": "Speaking alone,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00188-00065972-00066432": "our voices will rarely be as strong as when we speak together.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00189-00066432-00066824": "Together, our diversity creates a unique voice", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00190-00066824-00067496": "that can and will be a powerful advocate for global peace and prosperity.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00191-00067496-00067920": "After a modest beginning,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00192-00067920-00068128": "with modest aspirations,", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00193-00068128-00068552": "we have found that there is so much that we can achieve together.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00194-00068552-00069080": "And I firmly believe that MIKTA will be a blueprint for others", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00195-00069080-00069812": "who see a partnership of like-minded  but diverse countries", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00196-00069812-00070316": "as a positive contribution to make to global peace and security.", "0YqZH0ci-8E-00197-00070316-00070416": "Thank you."}}, {"audio_id": "0YxouPCOtIo", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "0YWFHurMtRE", "text": {"0YWFHurMtRE-00000-00000085-00000321": "International short stories volume to", "0YWFHurMtRE-00001-00000373-00001031": "English stories, this is a librivox recording all librivox recordings are in the public domain", "0YWFHurMtRE-00002-00001111-00001533": "for more information or to volunteer please visit librivox.org", "0YWFHurMtRE-00003-00001755-00001955": "Recording by lynn thompson", "0YWFHurMtRE-00004-00002074-00002444": "international short stories volume 2 english stories", "0YWFHurMtRE-00005-00002500-00002700": "edited by William Paton", "0YWFHurMtRE-00006-00002740-00002914": "section 22", "0YWFHurMtRE-00007-00002914-00003300": "the lamas preaching by SR Crockett and", "0YWFHurMtRE-00008-00003390-00003870": "I further intimate said the minister that I will preach this evening at", "0YWFHurMtRE-00009-00003910-00004589": "cultures and my text will be from the ninth chapter of the book of Ecclesiastes and the tenth verse", "0YWFHurMtRE-00010-00004698-00005060": "Whatsoever thy hand find it to do do it with thy might?", "0YWFHurMtRE-00011-00005143-00005720": "Save us said Janet McTaggart. He's clean forgotten if it be the Lord's well", "0YWFHurMtRE-00012-00005764-00006035": "Maybe he'll be fergan whether it's as wool or no", "0YWFHurMtRE-00013-00006094-00006401": "He's a ser masterful man the minister", "0YWFHurMtRE-00014-00006401-00006995": "But when he comes for the mockers and comes little about the jealous God we have among the hills of Galilee", "0YWFHurMtRE-00015-00007033-00007598": "The minister continued in the same high level tone in which he did his preaching", "0YWFHurMtRE-00016-00007672-00008472": "There are a number of sluggards who lay the weight of their own laziness on the almighty saying I am a worm and no man", "0YWFHurMtRE-00017-00008515-00008729": "How should I strive with my maker?", "0YWFHurMtRE-00018-00008809-00009096": "Whenever they are at strife with their own sluggishness", "0YWFHurMtRE-00019-00009165-00009701": "There will be a word for all such this evening at the farm town of cold shorts", "0YWFHurMtRE-00020-00009772-00010037": "presently occupied by Gilbert mckissick", "0YWFHurMtRE-00021-00010102-00010338": "public worship to begin at seven o'clock", "0YWFHurMtRE-00022-00010432-00011222": "The congregation of bonacic Kirk tumbled amicably over its own heels with eagerness to get into the kirkyard", "0YWFHurMtRE-00023-00011260-00011705": "In order to settle the momentous question whose back was he on the day", "0YWFHurMtRE-00024-00011767-00012360": "Robert Kirk case thorn had a package of peppermint lozenges in the crown of his lung hat", "0YWFHurMtRE-00025-00012382-00012875": "deep owned true by Elizabeth Douglas or bar in Bamberger II", "0YWFHurMtRE-00026-00012919-00013541": "Whose husband William now put on the Hat at the aforesaid will kirk by mistake for his own", "0YWFHurMtRE-00027-00013621-00014138": "Whereupon the peppermints fell to the floor and rolled under the pews in most unseemly fashion", "0YWFHurMtRE-00028-00014278-00014835": "Elizabeth Kirk is of opinion that this should be brought to the notice of session she herself", "0YWFHurMtRE-00029-00014851-00015374": "Always taking her peppermint while gently wiping her mouth with the corner of her handkerchief", "0YWFHurMtRE-00030-00015451-00015791": "Robert Kirk on being put to the question admits the fact", "0YWFHurMtRE-00031-00015813-00016179": "But says that it was his wife put them there to be near at hand", "0YWFHurMtRE-00032-00016294-00016766": "The minister however ready with his word brought him to shame by saying Oh", "0YWFHurMtRE-00033-00016819-00017588": "Robert Robert that was just what Adam said the woman thou gavest me she gave me to eat", "0YWFHurMtRE-00034-00017653-00018228": "The aforesaid Robert Kirk thinks that it is meddling with the original Hebrew to apply this", "0YWFHurMtRE-00035-00018280-00018764": "peppermints and also says that Elizabeth Kirk is an impotent BISM and", "0YWFHurMtRE-00036-00018835-00019104": "Furthermore that as all the country world knows", "0YWFHurMtRE-00037-00019228-00019694": "Here the chronicler omits much matter actionable in the civil courts of the realm", "0YWFHurMtRE-00038-00019972-00020570": "Janet said the minister to his housekeeper I am to preach tonight at cold shores on the texts", "0YWFHurMtRE-00039-00020641-00021035": "Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do do it with thy might? I?", "0YWFHurMtRE-00040-00021106-00021369": "Can said Janet I saw it on your desk", "0YWFHurMtRE-00041-00021369-00022116": "I patted to blow the cock for fear the ones a heaven nic blow. It away like chaff, and you couldn't adieu wanting it", "0YWFHurMtRE-00042-00022186-00022883": "Janet McTaggart said the minister tartly bring in the dinner and do not meddle with what does not concern you?", "0YWFHurMtRE-00043-00023002-00023495": "Janet could not abide red sermons her natural woman rose against them", "0YWFHurMtRE-00044-00023530-00023901": "she knew as she had said that God was a jealous God and", "0YWFHurMtRE-00045-00023962-00024408": "With a regard to the minister. She looked upon herself as his vice regent", "0YWFHurMtRE-00046-00024535-00024998": "He's young and terrible Ram Stan and opinionated for a book player", "0YWFHurMtRE-00047-00025015-00025503": "But with little gracious experience for all that the root of the matters in him", "0YWFHurMtRE-00048-00025558-00025847": "said Janet not on hopefully, I'm", "0YWFHurMtRE-00049-00025906-00026141": "Going to preach a cultures and my pets", "0YWFHurMtRE-00050-00026170-00026970": "Whatsoever thy hand find it to do do it with thy might said the minister to the priests enter that afternoon on the man's doorstep", "0YWFHurMtRE-00051-00027061-00027533": "The Lord's know in our pit box. I'll gang with allowed myself", "0YWFHurMtRE-00052-00027610-00028280": "Said the priests enter now Galloway is so much out of the world that the Almighty has not there lifted his hand", "0YWFHurMtRE-00053-00028308-00028941": "From reward and punishment from guiding and restraining as he has done in big towns", "0YWFHurMtRE-00054-00028941-00029141": "Where everything goes by machinery?", "0YWFHurMtRE-00055-00029208-00029898": "Man may say that there is no God when he only sees a handbreadth of smoky heaven between the chimney pots", "0YWFHurMtRE-00056-00029926-00030495": "But out on the fields of oats and bear and up on the squeeze of the hillsides", "0YWFHurMtRE-00057-00030529-00031314": "Where the mother granite sticks her bleaching ribs through the Heather men have reached great assurance on this and other matters", "0YWFHurMtRE-00058-00031399-00032057": "The burns were running red with the mighty July rain when Douglass McClellan's started over the meadows and moors", "0YWFHurMtRE-00059-00032092-00032427": "To preach his sermon at the farm town of cold shores", "0YWFHurMtRE-00060-00032500-00032985": "He had thanked the Lord that morning in his opening prayer for the bounteous rain", "0YWFHurMtRE-00061-00033028-00033398": "Wherewith he had seen meat to refresh his weary heritage", "0YWFHurMtRE-00062-00033481-00033634": "His congregation", "0YWFHurMtRE-00063-00033634-00034307": "Silently acquiesce for what said they could a man from the mappers be expected to Ken about meadow, hay", "0YWFHurMtRE-00064-00034414-00034769": "When the minister and the presenter got to the foot of the man slowly", "0YWFHurMtRE-00065-00034825-00035552": "They came upon the parish NER do well EB kerbin who kept himself in employment by constantly scratching his head", "0YWFHurMtRE-00066-00035608-00036338": "Trying to think of something to do and whose clothes were constructed on the latest sanitary principles of ventilation", "0YWFHurMtRE-00067-00036433-00036771": "The ruins of eby's hat were usually tipped over one eye", "0YWFHurMtRE-00068-00036823-00037148": "for enlarged facilities of scratching in the rear", "0YWFHurMtRE-00069-00037207-00037545": "If it should well Minister. I'll come to hear you the night", "0YWFHurMtRE-00070-00037627-00037988": "Is drawing to may rain? I'm thinking said the Scarecrow", "0YWFHurMtRE-00071-00038043-00038098": "I", "0YWFHurMtRE-00072-00038098-00038708": "Hope the discourse may be profitable to you ever Nisa for as I intimated this morning", "0YWFHurMtRE-00073-00038709-00038913": "I am to preach from the text", "0YWFHurMtRE-00074-00038971-00039347": "Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do do it with thy might? I?", "0YWFHurMtRE-00075-00039424-00040182": "Minister said EB relieving his right hand and tipping his hat over the other eye to give his left hand replay", "0YWFHurMtRE-00076-00040269-00040691": "So the three struck over the fields making for the thorn tree at the corner", "0YWFHurMtRE-00077-00040741-00041157": "Where Robert Kurtz Dyke dipped into the sandy water of the meadow?", "0YWFHurMtRE-00078-00041338-00041688": "Do you think you can manage it mr., McClelland said the presenter", "0YWFHurMtRE-00079-00041740-00042497": "You're what halfway up the leg already and the sacks feet of black moss water in the lane burn as sure as I'm leaving Sal", "0YWFHurMtRE-00080-00042588-00042788": "added EB Curtin", "0YWFHurMtRE-00081-00042813-00043148": "I'm to preach a cultures and my text is", "0YWFHurMtRE-00082-00043188-00043808": "Whatsoever thy hand find it to do do it with thy might said the minister stubbornly glooming", "0YWFHurMtRE-00083-00043849-00044400": "From under the eaves of his eyebrows as the swarthy men from the math as I want to do", "0YWFHurMtRE-00084-00044469-00044669": "His companion said no more", "0YWFHurMtRE-00085-00044758-00045471": "They came to camel an Lane where usually Robert Kirk had a leaping pole on either bunk to assist the traveler across", "0YWFHurMtRE-00086-00045505-00045953": "But both poles had gone down the water in the morning to look for Robert's meadow hey", "0YWFHurMtRE-00087-00046047-00046688": "Take care mr.. McClelland. You'll be in deep water for you. Can oh, man you had far better turn", "0YWFHurMtRE-00088-00046801-00047462": "The presenter stood up to his knees in water on what had once been the bank and wrung his hands", "0YWFHurMtRE-00089-00047503-00047978": "but the minister pushed steadily ahead into the turbid and sluggish water I", "0YWFHurMtRE-00090-00048084-00048488": "Cannot come or I cannot come for I'm a man that has a family", "0YWFHurMtRE-00091-00048511-00049109": "It's not your work. Stay where you are quite the minister without looking over his shoulder but as for me. I'm", "0YWFHurMtRE-00092-00049183-00049506": "Intimated to preach this night a cold shores and my text", "0YWFHurMtRE-00093-00049609-00050403": "Here he stepped into a deep hole and his text was suddenly shut within him by the gurgle of moss water in his throat", "0YWFHurMtRE-00094-00050469-00050693": "His arms rose above the surface", "0YWFHurMtRE-00095-00050755-00051353": "Like the black spars of a windmill, but EB kerbin scold himself swiftly out", "0YWFHurMtRE-00096-00051405-00051902": "Swinging with his shoeless feet and pushed the minister before him to the further bank", "0YWFHurMtRE-00097-00051940-00052469": "The water gushing out of rents in his clothes as easily as out of the gills of fish", "0YWFHurMtRE-00098-00052641-00053013": "The minister stood with unshaken confidence on the bank he", "0YWFHurMtRE-00099-00053052-00053486": "Ran Pete water like a spout in a thunder plum and black", "0YWFHurMtRE-00100-00053516-00054075": "Whew, let's have died were trickling from under his hat down his brow and dripping from the end of his nose", "0YWFHurMtRE-00101-00054199-00054399": "Then you'll not come any further", "0YWFHurMtRE-00102-00054457-00054657": "He called across to the presenter", "0YWFHurMtRE-00103-00054672-00055370": "I cannot all I canna though I'm most awful Wilin Percy would never forgive me again. I was Droon", "0YWFHurMtRE-00104-00055482-00056021": "Then I'll in have to raise the true myself though three times Kilmarnock is a pity", "0YWFHurMtRE-00105-00056074-00056307": "said the minister turning on his feel and", "0YWFHurMtRE-00106-00056364-00056576": "striding away through the shallow sea", "0YWFHurMtRE-00107-00056635-00057083": "Splashing the water as high as his head with a kind of headstrong glee", "0YWFHurMtRE-00108-00057114-00057473": "Which seemed to the presenter a direct defiance of Providence?", "0YWFHurMtRE-00109-00057586-00057872": "EB kurgan followed half a dozen steps behind", "0YWFHurMtRE-00110-00057922-00058604": "the support of the presenters lay semi equality taken from him he began to regret that he had come and", "0YWFHurMtRE-00111-00058651-00059147": "Silently and ruefully plunged along after the minister through the waterlogged Meadows", "0YWFHurMtRE-00112-00059229-00059637": "They came in time to the foot of Robert Kirk's March. Dyke and", "0YWFHurMtRE-00113-00059688-00060242": "Skirted it a hundred yards upward to avoid the deep pool in which the Lanna burn waters were swirling", "0YWFHurMtRE-00114-00060330-00060665": "The minister climbed silently up the seven-foot bike", "0YWFHurMtRE-00115-00060732-00061250": "pausing a second on the top to balance himself for his leap to the other side as", "0YWFHurMtRE-00116-00061297-00061742": "He did so he be curb and saw that the Dyke was swaying to the fall", "0YWFHurMtRE-00117-00061782-00062099": "Having been weakened by the rush of water on the farther side", "0YWFHurMtRE-00118-00062202-00062798": "He ran instantly at the minister and gave him a push with both hands, which caused mr.", "0YWFHurMtRE-00119-00062800-00063132": "McLelland to alight on his feet clear of the falling stones", "0YWFHurMtRE-00120-00063241-00063729": "The Dyke did not so much for outward a settle down in its own ruins", "0YWFHurMtRE-00121-00063816-00064247": "EB fell on his face among the stones with the impetus of his own eagerness", "0YWFHurMtRE-00122-00064401-00065138": "He arose however quickly only limping slightly from what he called a bit check on the leg between two stones", "0YWFHurMtRE-00123-00065232-00065864": "That was a merciful Providence a benissa said the minister solemnly. I hope you are doing thankful", "0YWFHurMtRE-00124-00065992-00066353": "Dad I am that reply DB scratching his head vigorously", "0YWFHurMtRE-00125-00066408-00066824": "With his right hand and rubbing his leg with his left g'day", "0YWFHurMtRE-00126-00066876-00067289": "Nagini you that dunch you might a preaching Nana coach roses necks", "0YWFHurMtRE-00127-00067336-00067748": "They now cross the fairly level Cloverfield dark and laid with wet", "0YWFHurMtRE-00128-00067800-00068294": "The scent of the clover rose to their nostrils and almost overpowering force", "0YWFHurMtRE-00129-00068367-00068909": "There was not a breath of air the sky was blue and the sun shining", "0YWFHurMtRE-00130-00068964-00069692": "Only a sullen roar came over the hill sounding in the silence like the rush of a train over a faraway viaduct", "0YWFHurMtRE-00131-00069772-00070422": "what is that queried the minister stopping to listen Phoebe took a brisk side long look at him, I'm", "0YWFHurMtRE-00132-00070545-00071003": "Some dude 'some that'll be the sky boom coming down off a cans Muir", "0YWFHurMtRE-00133-00071076-00071561": "The minister tramped unconcernedly on EB kurgans stared at him", "0YWFHurMtRE-00134-00071623-00071867": "He kind of came what a sky boom warning is", "0YWFHurMtRE-00135-00071907-00072377": "He'll be thinking it some bit macaws burn and the lad said there were Leigh Mills in", "0YWFHurMtRE-00136-00072429-00073010": "But he'll turn writing up when he sees trouble roaring reading the plumbers flood. I'm thinking", "0YWFHurMtRE-00137-00073068-00073472": "They took their way over the shoulder of the hill in the beautiful evening", "0YWFHurMtRE-00138-00073506-00074000": "Leaning eagerly forward to get the first glimpse of the cause of that deep and resonant roar", "0YWFHurMtRE-00139-00074064-00074696": "In a moment they saw below them a narrow rock called Valley ten or fifteen yards across", "0YWFHurMtRE-00140-00074739-00074954": "Filled to the brim with rushing water", "0YWFHurMtRE-00141-00075012-00075377": "It was not black Pete water like the camel in Lake", "0YWFHurMtRE-00142-00075414-00075504": "But it ran", "0YWFHurMtRE-00143-00075504-00076271": "Red as keel flecks now and then with a revolving white blur as one of the cold shows sheep spun downward to the sea", "0YWFHurMtRE-00144-00076329-00076706": "With four black feet turned pitifully up to the blue sky", "0YWFHurMtRE-00145-00076816-00077016": "EB looked at the minister", "0YWFHurMtRE-00146-00077035-00077216": "He'll turn now if he's mortal", "0YWFHurMtRE-00147-00077216-00077951": "he said but the minister held on he looked at the water up and down the roaring stream on a hill above the", "0YWFHurMtRE-00148-00077994-00078533": "Farmer of cultures having driven all his remaining sheep together sat down to watch", "0YWFHurMtRE-00149-00078627-00078977": "Seeing the minister he stood up and excitedly waved him back", "0YWFHurMtRE-00150-00079023-00079676": "But Douglas McClellan from the mockers never gave him a look and his shouting was of less effect", "0YWFHurMtRE-00151-00079695-00079976": "Than if he had been crying to an untrained collie", "0YWFHurMtRE-00152-00080218-00080989": "The minister looked long up the stream and as a point where the rocks came very close together and many stunted Pines were growing", "0YWFHurMtRE-00153-00081008-00081786": "He saw one which having stood on the immediate brink had been so much undercut that it leaned over the gully like a fishing rod", "0YWFHurMtRE-00154-00081836-00082509": "With a keen glance along its length the minister jamming his dripping soft felt hat on the back of his head", "0YWFHurMtRE-00155-00082550-00083338": "Was setting foot on the perilous slope of the uneven red-brown trunk when eb kurgan caught him sharply by the arm", "0YWFHurMtRE-00156-00083423-00084001": "It's not for me to speak to a minister at all new times. He simmered gathering courage in his desperation", "0YWFHurMtRE-00157-00084058-00084480": "But oh man, it's fair murder to tried to gang all that water", "0YWFHurMtRE-00158-00084563-00085158": "the minister wrenched himself free and sprang along the trunk with wonderful agility i'm", "0YWFHurMtRE-00159-00085316-00085543": "Intimated to preach a cold show this night", "0YWFHurMtRE-00160-00085543-00086239": "And my text is whatsoever thy hand findeth to do do it with thy might he shouted", "0YWFHurMtRE-00161-00086264-00086820": "He made his way up and up the slope of the fir tree which having little grip of the rock", "0YWFHurMtRE-00162-00086852-00087060": "dipped and swayed under his tread", "0YWFHurMtRE-00163-00087137-00087423": "EB kurgan fell on his knees and prayed aloud", "0YWFHurMtRE-00164-00087476-00088080": "He had not prayed since his stepmother boxed his ears for getting into bed without saying his prayers twenty years ago", "0YWFHurMtRE-00165-00088148-00088894": "This had set him against it, but he prayed now and to infinitely more purpose than his minister had recently done", "0YWFHurMtRE-00166-00089002-00089724": "But when the climber had reached the branch atop and was striving to get a few feet father in order to clear the surging line'", "0YWFHurMtRE-00167-00089750-00089948": "Before he made his spring", "0YWFHurMtRE-00168-00089948-00090343": "EB rose to his feet leaving his prayer unfinished", "0YWFHurMtRE-00169-00090398-00090678": "He sent forth an almost animal shriek of Terror", "0YWFHurMtRE-00170-00090761-00091219": "the tree roots cracked like breaking cables and slowly gave way an", "0YWFHurMtRE-00171-00091298-00092028": "Avalanche of stones plumped into the world and the top of the FIR crashed downwards on the rocks of the opposite bank oh", "0YWFHurMtRE-00172-00092132-00092772": "Man call on the name of the Lord cried EB curtain the ragged preacher at the top of his voice", "0YWFHurMtRE-00173-00092942-00093244": "Then he saw something detach itself from the tree as it", "0YWFHurMtRE-00174-00093277-00093750": "Rebounded and for a moment rise and fall all black against the sunset", "0YWFHurMtRE-00175-00093827-00094212": "Then EB the outcasts fell on his face like a dead man", "0YWFHurMtRE-00176-00094508-00094915": "In the white coverlet his room of the farm town of cold shows a", "0YWFHurMtRE-00177-00094928-00095466": "white face lad laying with his eyes closed and a wet cloth on his brow a", "0YWFHurMtRE-00178-00095531-00096169": "Large boned red cheeked motherly woman's soul to and fro with a foot as light as a fairy", "0YWFHurMtRE-00179-00096236-00096640": "The sleeper stirred and tried to lift an unavailing hand to his head", "0YWFHurMtRE-00180-00096740-00097197": "The mistress of cold shows stalled to his bedside as he opened his eyes", "0YWFHurMtRE-00181-00097271-00097609": "She laid a restraining hand on him as he strove to rise", "0YWFHurMtRE-00182-00097757-00098434": "Let me up said the minister. I must away for I'm intimated to preach at cultures and my text is", "0YWFHurMtRE-00183-00098504-00098874": "Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do do it with thy might?", "0YWFHurMtRE-00184-00098960-00099630": "My bonny man said the Good Wife tenderly you'll preach best on the broader you back this money a day", "0YWFHurMtRE-00185-00099659-00100392": "And when you rise your best text will be he sent from above he took me and drew me out of many waters", "0YWFHurMtRE-00186-00100640-00100974": "End of section 22"}}, {"audio_id": "0Zymmvzx0m8", "text": {"0Zymmvzx0m8-00000-00000190-00000789": "hello traders its a samurai trade hear welcome to this short recording I just", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00001-00000789-00001344": "want to do a quick update mainly frame members on the bricks decision what does", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00002-00001344-00001889": "it really mean to us as day traders and how do we trade this market where do we", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00003-00001889-00002217": "go from here what's going to happen over next week or so well a lot of these", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00004-00002217-00002676": "questions of course I have no idea what's going to happen but I'm just", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00005-00002676-00003109": "going to show you a couple of trades i took this morning and why so it is", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00006-00003109-00003530": "Monday morning down under here in Australia and of course it's very early", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00007-00003530-00004344": "morning evening in should say evening in that in London and it's Sunday afternoon", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00008-00004344-00004827": "Sunday evening in the USA so we're not seeing a lot of action at the moment in", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00009-00004827-00005414": "the markets but before we get into that of course particularly in the took these", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00010-00005414-00005796": "uncertain times you need to understand the risk of trading for those members", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00011-00005796-00006294": "you see this on every video of course if you're new to trading or if you need to", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00012-00006294-00006867": "one of my videos please read the statement very very important so a", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00013-00006867-00007359": "couple of really important things is how do we trade these volatile markets well", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00014-00007359-00007979": "we saw last Thursday Friday of course extreme volatility normally during the", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00015-00007979-00008504": "globex session and leading into the London sessions let me get this out", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00016-00008504-00009197": "right session I would trade the 233 volume chart and it works really well or", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00017-00009197-00009836": "I might be trading say a 133 tick chart or maybe a 1 to 3 minute time-based chart", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00018-00009836-00010395": "we saw extreme moves and it was virtually impossible to trade at that", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00019-00010395-00011010": "level so you would jump up I'd recommend to at least 1,000 volume to a 1500", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00020-00011010-00011757": "volume and up to a 550 tick chart because what we saw was in the 24 hour period", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00021-00011757-00012660": "over 4 million us ES contracts trade hands so massive volume going through", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00022-00012660-00013067": "and in fact in my opinion it was virtually untreatable I fired off a", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00023-00013067-00013341": "couple of trades some of their members are", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00024-00013341-00013791": "very very well made a lot of money a lot of money out of the markets are Thursday", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00025-00013791-00014322": "Friday for me I like to be able to place my trades more strategically and so it", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00026-00014322-00014709": "just I just didn't feel comfortable with some of the trading I prefer to slow", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00027-00014709-00015177": "down so for an example right now the markets slow but you're getting some", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00028-00015177-00015707": "violent moves which will have a quick look at in a moment but a couple of", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00029-00015707-00016254": "really important points here George Soros who many of you know is very very", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00030-00016254-00016977": "famous back in 1992 he made 1.5 billion pounds from the bank of england and", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00031-00016977-00017523": "basically caused the Bank of England to fall to its knees so he's no stranger", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00032-00017523-00018003": "when it comes to the trading the pound now have recent times he's been buying", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00033-00018003-00018807": "gold options and heavily investing in gold and and shorting stocks he saw this", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00034-00018807-00019491": "coming along and what he's basically saying is that many people a lot of", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00035-00019491-00019848": "people are going to make a lot of money out of this we don't know how much but", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00036-00019848-00020298": "of course he's short of a dollar but should save the pound so he's probably", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00037-00020298-00020901": "make picked up another one or two billion over the last few days but he's", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00038-00020901-00021624": "very very concerned that if Great Britain leaves the EU which is looking", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00039-00021624-00021873": "like it is at the moment of course there's another vote on the way", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00040-00021873-00022704": "potentially that it could just mean just massive problems for Britain so over the", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00041-00022704-00023079": "next week or so we could see some incredible volatility and and it could", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00042-00023079-00023670": "go on for a period of time if we see that another vote comes in it's going to", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00043-00023670-00023970": "be a lot of uncertainty of course we have seen Scotland talking about", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00044-00023970-00024360": "blocking and legal action and so I mean it's all over place so the big thing", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00045-00024360-00024969": "here traders right now is to be extremely cautious so make sure that", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00046-00024969-00025434": "you're checking for any major red flag news announcements now now normally of", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00047-00025434-00026016": "course news announcements are announced on forex com and not forex Tacoma should", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00048-00026016-00026451": "say yum oh gee whiz i'm trying to get so many things out i forgot the name for", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00049-00026451-00026718": "ex-factory calm and there's a lot of other sites", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00050-00026718-00027105": "however because there's so much happening here a lot of these", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00051-00027105-00027633": "announcements will come out and press conferences without even being on this", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00052-00027633-00028016": "site so you've got to be extremely cautious and even if you put a stop in", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00053-00028016-00028719": "some of your stops will be run straight through so expect big slippage so what", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00054-00028719-00029187": "I'm saying is to be extremely cautious you'll need to increase time frames etc", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00055-00029187-00029852": "now if we then go and have a look at a couple of things here I fired off just a", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00056-00029852-00030399": "couple of trades here and at the moment the markets it's 9am here in Australia", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00057-00030399-00030950": "the markets moving fairly slowly at the moment but it had some violent move so I", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00058-00030950-00031431": "just took a quick scalped here we can actually let me just go and get my", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00059-00031431-00032153": "yellow pointer up too quick scalp here for six ticks at 750 I then went to go", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00060-00032153-00032552": "long now one can say okay yeah crazy thing look everything's heading down", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00061-00032552-00033116": "look we've had a big gap down traders so and I know it's extraordinary times we", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00062-00033116-00033663": "can see where to get down price action had leveled out you can see here i had a", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00063-00033663-00034137": "little double bottom my long-term stocks started to rise i was above the zero", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00064-00034137-00034749": "line and once again you miss one hundred percent of the shots you don't take so i", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00065-00034749-00035372": "had an extra wide stock stop rather than six ticks i had an 8 ticks top it went straight", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00066-00035372-00035856": "through it was stalling here for a couple of minutes went through stopped", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00067-00035856-00036263": "me out i thought okay well once again i rolled the dice i was wrong so that cost", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00068-00036263-00036713": "around one hundred dollars a contract a thousand dollars I then fired off a", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00069-00036713-00037203": "couple of shorts here I was targeting the law of a day so I had done one lot", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00070-00037203-00037763": "right at the law of the day and I then shorted again for 1 tick below below of a", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00071-00037763-00038534": "day and basically on a t25 just there and that's good so I'm up about 1100 or", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00072-00038534-00039209": "110 a contract we then had a nice t20 and if we just look at what's happening", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00073-00039209-00039921": "right now we can see here great t3 another nice t3 basically a two hundred", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00074-00039921-00040278": "bands you've got once again t20 at t20 all of these are winners", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00075-00040278-00040833": "if you had if if I had have kept trading here but on preparing some Q&A videos", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00076-00040833-00041265": "for clients so also for members i should say so i went to any more trading for a", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00077-00041265-00041628": "couple more hours and even then i'm going to be very very cautious because", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00078-00041628-00042105": "some of the follow through on these Candles was very quick and violent and", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00079-00042105-00042558": "that is what you've got to really watch now if we go and have a look at what's", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00080-00042558-00043098": "happening on the forex market what I've done here is rather than have my range", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00081-00043098-00043509": "charts up which i like to use because there's so much movement we wouldn't fit", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00082-00043509-00044061": "all of this on on the on the recording here on the screen so on the Left we've", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00083-00044061-00044517": "got the pound USD we can see up here it's a little hard for you to see let me", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00084-00044517-00045239": "just move is for you we can see a big gap down one of the reasons I traded the", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00085-00045239-00045906": "the earlier was the gap down in a double bottom and as I mentioned it went", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00086-00045906-00046371": "straight through and we can see here because usually very high percentage you", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00087-00046371-00046872": "get these gaps will fill however of course we've got extraordinary times", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00088-00046872-00047340": "right now so we can see this big get down on the pound USD we're on the three", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00089-00047340-00047874": "minute chart here who knows what's going to happen we don't have any signals here", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00090-00047874-00048402": "at all as you can see here the long term Stokes in the middle of a window so it's", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00091-00048402-00048873": "look it's just the time to be sitting on your hands all that's what I would do if", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00092-00048873-00049254": "I was trading Forex now on the other hand if we look of the euro dollar we're", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00093-00049254-00049677": "looking at a three minute chart here we can see we had a big gap down and it's", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00094-00049677-00050160": "filling the gap okay so we can see the pound is the one that's clearly in", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00095-00050160-00050625": "trouble here the euro dollar is fearing really well it sits on the increase", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00096-00050625-00051138": "you've had a t20 you so you've got some trading opportunities you've got a t10", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00097-00051138-00051738": "down here at t20 so there's lots of trading happening however with that", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00098-00051738-00052287": "being said you just don't know when if there's a major news announcement or if", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00099-00052287-00052866": "the politicians gotta get in there who knows what's going to happen so what I'm", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00100-00052866-00053425": "really saying here traders is just be extremely cautious with trading", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00101-00053425-00053866": "and there's nothing wrong with just sitting on your hands for a couple of", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00102-00053866-00054267": "days and just waiting and see what happens I know some of the experienced", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00103-00054267-00054658": "traders are going to make a small fortune out of the trading over next", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00104-00054658-00055090": "week or so as they did it late last week as I mentioned earlier some of our", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00105-00055090-00055692": "traders have made a lot of money last Thursday Friday was the killing field", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00106-00055692-00056269": "for poor amateurs but some of the pros did very very well so in summary just be", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00107-00056269-00056782": "very cautious consider if you're trading globex are on the future side to", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00108-00056782-00057286": "increasing the timeframe that you're trading so what traders i hope this was", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00109-00057286-00057664": "helpful to you please subscribe if you're a new viewer please subscribe to", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00110-00057664-00058159": "my channel go to my website for my ebook and for further information about the", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00111-00058159-00058549": "day traders fast-track program and for my members please drop me an email if", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00112-00058549-00059224": "you wish and i'm posting some new Q&A videos up today and a recording on the", "0Zymmvzx0m8-00113-00059224-00059942": "t3 so the t3 recording will be posted today thank you traders"}}, {"audio_id": "0ZDDHWma30I", "text": {"0ZDDHWma30I-00000-00000085-00000682": "Paula Wishart: Welcome to the University of Michigan's student to student discussion today,", "0ZDDHWma30I-00001-00000682-00000900": "and we're really pleased to have you join us.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00002-00000900-00001246": "My name is Paula Wishart, and I work here at Rackham Graduate School.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00003-00001246-00001453": "I'll be moderating the panel today.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00004-00001453-00001807": "Joining me today are six current Michigan students who will share their insights with", "0ZDDHWma30I-00005-00001807-00002287": "you on the transition to U of M. Also joining is Natalie Bartolacci who will be moderating", "0ZDDHWma30I-00006-00002287-00002445": "the questions you send us online.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00007-00002445-00002613": "You can send a question anytime.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00008-00002613-00002771": "Let me let Natalie introduce herself.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00009-00002771-00003123": "Natalie Bartolacci: Hi, I'm Natalie Bartolacci, and I head up the student development area", "0ZDDHWma30I-00010-00003123-00003290": "here at Rackham Graduate School.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00011-00003290-00003679": "We're really pleased to have you join us today, and we hope to see many of you at Rackham's", "0ZDDHWma30I-00012-00003679-00003961": "follow up information fair on August 29th.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00013-00003961-00004061": "Paula: A little plug there.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00014-00004061-00004580": "I also want to add that we held a discussion like this earlier this summer for international", "0ZDDHWma30I-00015-00004580-00004839": "students, and a recording of that conversation is also available.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00016-00004839-00005136": "We're going to begin with an opening question.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00017-00005136-00005638": "For this opening question, we're going to ask the students to introduce themselves and", "0ZDDHWma30I-00018-00005638-00005853": "share their perspectives on this question.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00019-00005853-00006175": "From there, we'll continue with the questions that we have here, and the questions that", "0ZDDHWma30I-00020-00006175-00006409": "you send us live.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00021-00006409-00006509": "Let's start.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00022-00006509-00006904": "When you think about your first week here at U of M, what were the things you remember", "0ZDDHWma30I-00023-00006904-00007004": "most?", "0ZDDHWma30I-00024-00007004-00007168": "Kyle Southern: I'm Kyle Southern.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00025-00007168-00007636": "I'm a third-year doctoral student in the higher education program here at Michigan.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00026-00007636-00007865": "I'm originally from North Carolina.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00027-00007865-00008565": "In thinking about those first few days and weeks on campus, what strikes me is that I", "0ZDDHWma30I-00028-00008565-00008919": "had been working for several years after my master's program.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00029-00008919-00009465": "Coming here, having to adjust back into being a student, there was a bit of a transition", "0ZDDHWma30I-00030-00009465-00009565": "in that.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00031-00009565-00010053": "I was very used to going home at five or six or seven o'clock, and not having to worry", "0ZDDHWma30I-00032-00010053-00010212": "about work anymore.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00033-00010212-00010859": "Coming to graduate school, you're in class or doing meetings most of the day, and then", "0ZDDHWma30I-00034-00010859-00011231": "nighttime is really a good time to do reading and preparation for the next day.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00035-00011231-00011355": "Adjusting to that was definitely a transition.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00036-00011355-00011996": "I also was trying to take care of the practical side of life, so where was I going to get", "0ZDDHWma30I-00037-00011996-00012564": "my groceries, or go to the bank, where to get my hair cut, all those kinds of things.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00038-00012564-00013172": "It was good to speak with my colleagues, with other students who were a few years ahead", "0ZDDHWma30I-00039-00013172-00013713": "of me, with faculty and other folks who are close to me in the school of education, to", "0ZDDHWma30I-00040-00013713-00014043": "get ideas on where to take care of those things.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00041-00014043-00014476": "That was a process for me of navigating both the transition to academic life, but also", "0ZDDHWma30I-00042-00014476-00014681": "to life in Ann Arbor.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00043-00014681-00015237": "Chukwuka Mbagwu: My name is Chukwuka Mbagwu, and I usually go by Chuky.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00044-00015237-00016037": "I'm a rising third-year student in aerospace engineering, and I come from Riverside, California.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00045-00016037-00016637": "I think one of the things that really stuck in my memory the first weeks that I came to", "0ZDDHWma30I-00046-00016637-00017014": "Missions campus, was just the amount of people that were here.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00047-00017014-00017481": "It was such a lively environment when I stepped on the campus, because from my previous institution,", "0ZDDHWma30I-00048-00017481-00017698": "this school's actually four times bigger.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00049-00017698-00018269": "For a second seemed somewhat intimidating, but it was really great to see a lot of people", "0ZDDHWma30I-00050-00018269-00018741": "just out and about, see the great sports culture for the homecoming games and things like that.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00051-00018741-00019100": "It was a really good experience, different experience for me, but something that expanded", "0ZDDHWma30I-00052-00019100-00019280": "my horizons a little bit.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00053-00019280-00019387": "Paula: Thanks, Chuky.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00054-00019387-00019487": "Miguel?", "0ZDDHWma30I-00055-00019487-00019604": "Miguel: My name is Miguel.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00056-00019604-00019881": "I am from Mexico.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00057-00019881-00020555": "I'm a second year Master in OEC at the Ford School of [inaudible 03:23] . When I arrived", "0ZDDHWma30I-00058-00020555-00020953": "to Ann Arbor, it was surprising for me to find a really warm weather.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00059-00020953-00021740": "I was expecting a dry place or, I don't know, I wasn't expecting doing the jungle...", "0ZDDHWma30I-00060-00021740-00021840": "[laughter]", "0ZDDHWma30I-00061-00021840-00021958": "Miguel: ...and that.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00062-00021958-00022526": "There is a lot of nature and so many places where -- incredible when I arrived in August", "0ZDDHWma30I-00063-00022526-00022986": "and I think the weather will be pretty similar this year.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00064-00022986-00023776": "Yeah, that was the great memory I have from Ann Arbor, finding something really un-expectable", "0ZDDHWma30I-00065-00023776-00023876": "for the first week.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00066-00023876-00023976": "Kristye Russell: Hi.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00067-00023976-00024190": "My name is Kristye Russell and I'm from Louisville, Kentucky.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00068-00024190-00024828": "I am a fourth year Doctorate of Pharmacy student.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00069-00024828-00025585": "What I remember most about the first few weeks being here at U of M was, one, it was busy.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00070-00025585-00026160": "Because I was trying to transition back into school and going to classes, taking quizzes,", "0ZDDHWma30I-00071-00026160-00026650": "because we had quizzes in the first week of my program.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00072-00026650-00027088": "But also, just all the events that were going on that allowed me to get to know people on", "0ZDDHWma30I-00073-00027088-00027361": "campus as well as the people in my program.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00074-00027361-00028174": "Just getting to know my classmates and building the relationships and friendships.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00075-00028174-00028274": "Katy Peplin: My name is Katy.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00076-00028274-00028596": "I am a rising fourth year in Experience Arts and Cultures PhD program.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00077-00028596-00029049": "What I remember most from my first couple of weeks here is I was actually a Michigan", "0ZDDHWma30I-00078-00029049-00029586": "undergrad, so I was expecting to come back to the campus and have full mastery.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00079-00029586-00030193": "I remember coming back and everything was different, there were new buildings, there", "0ZDDHWma30I-00080-00030193-00030599": "were new people, there were new offices to go to, and feeling really disoriented when", "0ZDDHWma30I-00081-00030599-00030941": "I was ready to feel very confident.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00082-00030941-00031386": "I wish that I would have taken time to figure out where my classes were before the first", "0ZDDHWma30I-00083-00031386-00031769": "day, because they were in a whole new building, and I had no idea where I was going.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00084-00031769-00032225": "Supraja Damotharan: Hi, everybody, I'm Supraja and I'm from India.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00085-00032225-00032605": "I am also a student in the Financial Engineering program.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00086-00032605-00032958": "The next semester is going to be final semester.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00087-00032958-00033622": "The first few weeks that I came to University of Michigan, the biggest feeling was I kind", "0ZDDHWma30I-00088-00033622-00034181": "of felt lost because I was here by the month of June, which is pretty early and there are", "0ZDDHWma30I-00089-00034181-00034368": "not many students around campus.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00090-00034368-00034897": "It's a huge campus and you have to find your way.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00091-00034897-00035166": "Every turn I took, I forgot which route I took.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00092-00035166-00035427": "I would stop everybody on the way and ask them.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00093-00035427-00035946": "Nobody would know, but they would be kind enough to stop and use their smartphones and", "0ZDDHWma30I-00094-00035946-00036486": "Google Maps and guide me in the right...I did not have a smartphone.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00095-00036486-00036586": "That was very helpful.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00096-00036586-00036712": "That's the biggest thing I remember.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00097-00036712-00037219": "The first few weeks I did not have housing.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00098-00037219-00037568": "That was a big worry for me at that time.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00099-00037568-00037800": "But I did manage to find housing.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00100-00037800-00038427": "The thing is that I got to know a lot of people who still did not have housing.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00101-00038427-00039031": "If you don't have housing, you don't need to panic is what I realized at that point.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00102-00039031-00039180": "You have choices.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00103-00039180-00039827": "It's not like you are going to be stuck in a really bad place.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00104-00039827-00039927": "That was one thing.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00105-00039927-00040436": "Then, since I am an international student I have never been away from home, stayed at", "0ZDDHWma30I-00106-00040436-00040709": "home all my life.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00107-00040709-00041052": "This was kind of like being alone for the first time.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00108-00041052-00041521": "It was nice, but I was homesick as well a bit.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00109-00041521-00041621": "[laughs]", "0ZDDHWma30I-00110-00041621-00042124": "Then meeting so many people from so many different countries, it felt like, \"Oh, my God.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00111-00042124-00042487": "This is why I came to University of Michigan, to experience the diversity.\"", "0ZDDHWma30I-00112-00042487-00042699": "It's here in Michigan.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00113-00042699-00043390": "Paula: We've heard some of the things about making that transition logistically that first", "0ZDDHWma30I-00114-00043390-00043490": "week.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00115-00043490-00044238": "What sort of advice would any of you offer about that arrival on campus?", "0ZDDHWma30I-00116-00044238-00044811": "Chukwuka: I definitely have a couple of things.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00117-00044811-00044925": "Housing was also mentioned earlier.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00118-00044925-00045449": "I think that for all students it's really important to get that done early.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00119-00045449-00045969": "Depending on your department's admissions process and cycle, you can gain your admission", "0ZDDHWma30I-00120-00045969-00046658": "and ultimately make your decision anywhere from April or later.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00121-00046658-00047043": "Sometimes that can create some anxiety in terms of whether or not you'll be able to", "0ZDDHWma30I-00122-00047043-00047143": "find housing.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00123-00047143-00047615": "But the university provides a lot of resources in terms of matching you with roommates and", "0ZDDHWma30I-00124-00047615-00047780": "housing and find things like that.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00125-00047780-00048190": "I think just getting started on that process really early is important.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00126-00048190-00048945": "If you are able to visit the campus before you come here in the fall, I think that's", "0ZDDHWma30I-00127-00048945-00049412": "really helpful in terms of seeing the place that you are going to be living in or just", "0ZDDHWma30I-00128-00049412-00049767": "familiarizing yourself with your classrooms, your department, and all of those things.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00129-00049767-00050236": "Just being able to figure out housing or getting an early start, you really don't want to push", "0ZDDHWma30I-00130-00050236-00050336": "that too late.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00131-00050336-00050594": "But even so, there's a lot of resources for you to get that done.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00132-00050594-00050806": "Kyle: I agree with that.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00133-00050806-00050983": "I also thought it was valuable.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00134-00050983-00051365": "I got here just a little bit before classes started.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00135-00051365-00051666": "I had a few days with not too much on my schedule.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00136-00051666-00052192": "It was helpful to just kind of walk around downtown, just kind of see where things were,", "0ZDDHWma30I-00137-00052192-00052730": "learn kind of the grid, where are the major streets, just kind of get landmarks not only", "0ZDDHWma30I-00138-00052730-00053294": "on practical things, but also restaurants or interesting things that looked like I'd", "0ZDDHWma30I-00139-00053294-00053424": "want to check them out.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00140-00053424-00053758": "Supraja: I would like to just add onto this.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00141-00053758-00054280": "Before you arrive at University of Michigan, it would be nice to get in touch with your", "0ZDDHWma30I-00142-00054280-00054789": "fellow students, because you will learn a lot of unexpected small things that you'd", "0ZDDHWma30I-00143-00054789-00055235": "arrive and then you would found out and it would be a surprise.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00144-00055235-00055732": "But if you get in touch with your fellow students, they will mention small things like housing,", "0ZDDHWma30I-00145-00055732-00056016": "\"These apartments are not good.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00146-00056016-00056186": "Maybe you can choose another one.\"", "0ZDDHWma30I-00147-00056186-00056516": "Small stuff that you would not realize but it would help you out.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00148-00056516-00056719": "That would be one thing.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00149-00056719-00057007": "Paula: What are some other resources?", "0ZDDHWma30I-00150-00057007-00057248": "Getting in touch with your fellow students.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00151-00057248-00057520": "You were sort of hinting toward some helpful resources.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00152-00057520-00057848": "What sort of things do you think would be good to check out ahead of time?", "0ZDDHWma30I-00153-00057848-00058341": "Kyle: Definitely in terms of housing, there is Northwood Housing, a website that helps", "0ZDDHWma30I-00154-00058341-00058616": "put you in contact with other Northwood students.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00155-00058616-00059154": "There is also The University of Michigan off-campus housing website, which I found particularly", "0ZDDHWma30I-00156-00059154-00059254": "useful.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00157-00059254-00059785": "I discovered it late, so I think this is great that you guys would hopefully get a kind of", "0ZDDHWma30I-00158-00059785-00060066": "advanced notice of this resource, because it's really good.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00159-00060066-00060583": "It allows you to kind of identify and select your particular price range, neighborhood", "0ZDDHWma30I-00160-00060583-00061036": "that you want to live in, roommates, whether it's up to two, three, or four roommates,", "0ZDDHWma30I-00161-00061036-00061216": "things like that.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00162-00061216-00061491": "That's really helpful in terms of housing on site.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00163-00061491-00061992": "Katy: I would say that in terms of off-campus housing, a lot of Ann Arbor leases are for", "0ZDDHWma30I-00164-00061992-00062094": "a year.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00165-00062094-00062480": "But a lot of times undergraduate students or either graduate students are away on fellowship", "0ZDDHWma30I-00166-00062480-00062595": "or they are studying abroad.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00167-00062595-00063084": "There are often short term sublets that you can get for a month or two that would give", "0ZDDHWma30I-00168-00063084-00063460": "you the chance to sort of move in, at least partially, and then find out what neighborhood", "0ZDDHWma30I-00169-00063460-00063560": "you want.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00170-00063560-00063961": "I know a lot of people who have successfully taken a short term sublet and then moved into", "0ZDDHWma30I-00171-00063961-00064442": "a forever home a little bit later if they didn't know the city as well.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00172-00064442-00064976": "A lot of times those are posted on the off-campus housing website, so they are university students", "0ZDDHWma30I-00173-00064976-00065205": "that could give you further advice.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00174-00065205-00065610": "Kyle: I'm sure we could provide, after the broadcast, links on a website for you guys", "0ZDDHWma30I-00175-00065610-00065801": "to go check it out.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00176-00065801-00066420": "Paula: Do you guy want to give any thoughts on the different parts of campus, sort of", "0ZDDHWma30I-00177-00066420-00066779": "how the campus is broken up?", "0ZDDHWma30I-00178-00066779-00067166": "Miguel: Like [inaudible 11:11] , there are three campuses-one in the north, another in", "0ZDDHWma30I-00179-00067166-00067514": "the center of Ann Arbor, and another in the south.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00180-00067514-00068085": "In my case, most of my classes are in the central campus, but I live in the north campus.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00181-00068085-00068338": "I have to take one of the busses from the university.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00182-00068338-00068602": "There are two major bus systems in Ann Arbor.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00183-00068602-00068977": "One is provided by the university, and the other is provided by the city.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00184-00068977-00069163": "Both of them are free.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00185-00069163-00069514": "But in the university busses you don't have to identify yourself.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00186-00069514-00069987": "Anyone can take the bus without paying a lot for it.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00187-00069987-00070092": "I have to take a bus.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00188-00070092-00070673": "It's only like 15 or 20 minutes from the place that I take classes.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00189-00070673-00070927": "Many people will say, \"Oh, that's a really big distance.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00190-00070927-00071399": "You are living in another campus, and you are taking multiple classes in central campus.\"", "0ZDDHWma30I-00191-00071399-00071972": "But yeah, it's a greater distance, but in most of the big cities in the US that would", "0ZDDHWma30I-00192-00071972-00072581": "be an incredible deal, only one bus and 20-minute ride.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00193-00072581-00072829": "Those are the main divisions.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00194-00072829-00073381": "I would suggest in case you are going to take most of your classes in one of the campuses", "0ZDDHWma30I-00195-00073381-00074001": "that you look for housing around those places, just to make it easier.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00196-00074001-00074206": "But actually, it's not a big deal.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00197-00074206-00074638": "Katy: We talked a lot about housing, but we didn't talk a lot about getting to where we", "0ZDDHWma30I-00198-00074638-00074738": "need to be.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00199-00074738-00075281": "Getting home and getting to our classes or getting to the library.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00200-00075281-00075830": "I think it's always a good deal to look at the bus route, figure out how you are going", "0ZDDHWma30I-00201-00075830-00076111": "to get from your house to class ahead of time.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00202-00076111-00076727": "Also, if you want to drive, looking up how to get a parking pass ahead of time, because", "0ZDDHWma30I-00203-00076727-00076995": "parking can be a challenge on campus.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00204-00076995-00077460": "If you don't want to be late to classes, then it's good to know where you can park ahead", "0ZDDHWma30I-00205-00077460-00077560": "of time.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00206-00077560-00077924": "Supraja: I'd just like to add on to her statement.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00207-00077924-00078599": "Residence parking, sometimes some of my classmates, they park a mile away and walk, which does", "0ZDDHWma30I-00208-00078599-00078727": "not make sense.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00209-00078727-00079523": "It's better to take the public transport, the U Mich busses, especially during winters.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00210-00079523-00080268": "It would be better to just take busses rather than having to skip or something like that.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00211-00080268-00080430": "They are very frequent.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00212-00080430-00081098": "Even the city busses, during the week those are pretty frequent.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00213-00081098-00081522": "As Miguel said, both busses are free.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00214-00081522-00082011": "But for the city bus, if you have an M Card you just need to swipe and it's free.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00215-00082011-00082336": "For the university busses you don't need M cards.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00216-00082336-00082557": "Anyone is allowed on the bus.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00217-00082557-00082854": "Paula: Your M Card is your ID card.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00218-00082854-00083001": "Supraja: Yeah, ID card.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00219-00083001-00084036": "Kyle: To give you some advice, when you arrive to Ann Arbor, go to get your M Card.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00220-00084036-00084136": "[laughter]", "0ZDDHWma30I-00221-00084136-00084236": "[crosstalk]", "0ZDDHWma30I-00222-00084236-00084431": "Paula: Does anyone have a card?", "0ZDDHWma30I-00223-00084431-00084563": "[crosstalk]", "0ZDDHWma30I-00224-00084563-00085033": "Paula: That's the M Card.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00225-00085033-00085207": "It will get you into performances or...", "0ZDDHWma30I-00226-00085207-00085307": "Supraja: Yeah.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00227-00085307-00085447": "You get discounts with this card.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00228-00085447-00085731": "Katy: It's a library card...", "0ZDDHWma30I-00229-00085731-00085918": "Kyle: Everything.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00230-00085918-00086825": "Supraja: I know this is right in between, but there is this free bus service to try", "0ZDDHWma30I-00231-00086825-00086941": "it out.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00232-00086941-00087177": "Even that you can access using the M Card.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00233-00087177-00087441": "You just need to swipe and the ride is free.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00234-00087441-00087814": "You can go into downtown Detroit, look around, and then come back by the same bus.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00235-00087814-00087997": "You use the M Card, and it's free.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00236-00087997-00088702": "Natalie: I did get a question coming in about, \"What is the best way to get to and from the", "0ZDDHWma30I-00237-00088702-00088870": "airport?\"", "0ZDDHWma30I-00238-00088870-00089039": "[crosstalk]", "0ZDDHWma30I-00239-00089039-00090012": "Kyle: The best service I have found is the Michigan Flier bus, which runs from downtown", "0ZDDHWma30I-00240-00090012-00090418": "and also from the Southside of town by the interstate.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00241-00090418-00090918": "There is a hotel where it picks up called Kensington Court.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00242-00090918-00091131": "It leaves maybe about every hour.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00243-00091131-00091889": "It's only $12 each way, in contrast to a cab would probably run you $50-$60 to get from", "0ZDDHWma30I-00244-00091889-00092050": "the airport to here.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00245-00092050-00092588": "I would really recommend the Michigan Flier as a good and reliable service.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00246-00092588-00092727": "Paula: It's a bus, right?", "0ZDDHWma30I-00247-00092727-00092862": "Kyle: It's a nice coach bus.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00248-00092862-00092962": "There's WiFi.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00249-00092962-00093062": "You just kind of hang out.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00250-00093062-00093174": "They give you water.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00251-00093174-00093531": "It's a nice ride.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00252-00093531-00093992": "Katy: Just to second the Michigan Flier.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00253-00093992-00094151": "It's incredibly convenient.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00254-00094151-00094626": "Supraja: They are on time most of the time.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00255-00094626-00095152": "If you have too many bags or baggage which you don't think you can handle on a bus, you", "0ZDDHWma30I-00256-00095152-00095273": "can take a cab.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00257-00095273-00095852": "But you can try to find somebody who is taking the ride to Ann Arbor at the same time as", "0ZDDHWma30I-00258-00095852-00096223": "you so that you can share the cab ride so it's not that expensive.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00259-00096223-00096525": "You don't need to take the cab for yourself.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00260-00096525-00096947": "Katy: I've also seen people save money by taking the Michigan Flier and then just a", "0ZDDHWma30I-00261-00096947-00097243": "cab from wherever the bus stop is to their location.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00262-00097243-00097711": "It's more like a $10 cab ride instead of a $60 cab ride.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00263-00097711-00097945": "Miguel: I arrived here with my family.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00264-00097945-00098518": "When we arrived we decided to rent a car and it was a good deal.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00265-00098518-00099104": "We rented a car in the Detroit airport, so we just drove like 30 minutes and we left", "0ZDDHWma30I-00266-00099104-00099204": "the car in Ann Arbor.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00267-00099204-00099619": "For [inaudible 16:34] many times, this is an option because you bring a lot of luggage", "0ZDDHWma30I-00268-00099619-00099948": "and you prefer not to take a bus.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00269-00099948-00100249": "It's really easy.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00270-00100249-00100836": "It's also useful for the first two or three days to have the car in order to buy things,", "0ZDDHWma30I-00271-00100836-00101143": "in order to go to the store.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00272-00101143-00101361": "Chukwuka: I would also like to put out that the Michigan Flier runs from 8AM to 8PM.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00273-00101361-00101494": "There is limited hours.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00274-00101494-00102520": "If you have a midnight flight our off-peak hours, then you can use another service.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00275-00102520-00102734": "Paula: Good suggestion.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00276-00102734-00102834": "[crosstalk]", "0ZDDHWma30I-00277-00102834-00102944": "Paula: You have a car?", "0ZDDHWma30I-00278-00102944-00103126": "Katy: I do have a car.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00279-00103126-00103774": "I have a car, but I very rarely take it to campus proper because I can very rarely park", "0ZDDHWma30I-00280-00103774-00104222": "close for anything less than six or seven dollars, which if you are coming from New", "0ZDDHWma30I-00281-00104222-00104349": "York City, it's like, \"Wow!", "0ZDDHWma30I-00282-00104349-00104449": "What a deal!\"", "0ZDDHWma30I-00283-00104449-00104765": "But if you do it three or four days a week, it really adds up.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00284-00104765-00105167": "I do use the car for things like going to the grocery story store.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00285-00105167-00105749": "But I've also never lived in a place where I couldn't also take the bus.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00286-00105749-00106314": "I have a lot of friends that don't have cars, but I find that since cars are a luxury, the", "0ZDDHWma30I-00287-00106314-00106650": "people who have cars are pretty generous with them.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00288-00106650-00107096": "There are people that either don't have a car in your department that will split a Zip", "0ZDDHWma30I-00289-00107096-00107563": "Car with you to go to the grocery store with you, or people that will say...I often say", "0ZDDHWma30I-00290-00107563-00107889": "to people in my department that don't have a car, \"I'm going to the grocery store.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00291-00107889-00108133": "Do you want me to pick up anything or do you want to come with me?\"", "0ZDDHWma30I-00292-00108133-00108502": "Because it's often just an extra two or three minutes and then they don't have to take all", "0ZDDHWma30I-00293-00108502-00108663": "of their stuff on the bus.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00294-00108663-00108794": "Kyle: What is Zip Car?", "0ZDDHWma30I-00295-00108794-00109208": "Katy: Zip Car is an online private car sharing service.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00296-00109208-00109511": "I think almost all of the Michigan lots have Zip Cars.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00297-00109511-00110077": "But you sign up online and you basically reserve a car and you pay by the hour.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00298-00110077-00110753": "If you have just a short term one-off expense or you really need to get to Birmingham for", "0ZDDHWma30I-00299-00110753-00111150": "an interview and you don't want to pay for a car the whole time, it's fully insured.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00300-00111150-00111464": "It's not the cheapest thing.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00301-00111464-00111884": "But if you split it with people for a one-time thing, it's more affordable than renting a", "0ZDDHWma30I-00302-00111884-00111984": "car.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00303-00111984-00112297": "It's often more convenient.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00304-00112297-00112544": "Paula: Birmingham, Michigan...", "0ZDDHWma30I-00305-00112544-00112644": "[crosstalk]", "0ZDDHWma30I-00306-00112644-00113388": "Paula: Because Ann Arbor is in the state of Michigan, beyond Michigan, beyond Ann Arbor,", "0ZDDHWma30I-00307-00113388-00113836": "what sort of things do you recommend people check out when they get here when they have", "0ZDDHWma30I-00308-00113836-00113957": "a little time to check it out?", "0ZDDHWma30I-00309-00113957-00114401": "Kristye: One of my favorite things to do on the weekend is to go to Detroit.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00310-00114401-00114527": "I love going to Detroit.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00311-00114527-00115020": "They have the eastern market, which is the outdoor farmer's market on Saturday mornings.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00312-00115020-00115120": "It's beautiful.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00313-00115120-00115566": "There's all kinds of fruit and vegetables, crafts.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00314-00115566-00115666": "People are performing.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00315-00115666-00116071": "There are some great restaurants right around there as well.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00316-00116071-00116516": "I also recommend that if you are able to, go to one of Michigan's beaches.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00317-00116516-00116810": "I just left [inaudible 19:31] City Beach.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00318-00116810-00116910": "Beautiful.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00319-00116910-00117063": "It was a gorgeous place.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00320-00117063-00117622": "If you can make it up there and get to see Lake Picaroon?", "0ZDDHWma30I-00321-00117622-00118122": "Kyle: Detroit also has pro football, pro baseball, pro hockey.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00322-00118122-00118735": "The Detroit Institute of Art has a great art collection.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00323-00118735-00119236": "Lot of great things to do there, movie series, concerts.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00324-00119236-00119354": "I agree.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00325-00119354-00119911": "Then also towns like Kalamazoo or Grand Rapids are not too far away.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00326-00119911-00120145": "Those are a great day trip as well.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00327-00120145-00120826": "Supraja: I'd like to add onto that Battle Creek is the [inaudible 20:08] city.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00328-00120826-00120991": "Maybe you can check it out.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00329-00120991-00121651": "I've never done the tourist thing at Battle Creek, but I think it's a place to recommend.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00330-00121651-00122316": "Katy: I go to a lot of state parks actually, because in Michigan if you pay for a Michigan", "0ZDDHWma30I-00331-00122316-00122769": "license plate, it often gives you free admission to many state parks.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00332-00122769-00123236": "It's like a 15 or 20 minute drive to really good hikes that sometimes it feels good to", "0ZDDHWma30I-00333-00123236-00123764": "get out of the city [laughs] of Ann Arbor and see some trees.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00334-00123764-00124159": "But there's also good parks around Ann Arbor.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00335-00124159-00124532": "The Arb is sort of an open air botanical garden.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00336-00124532-00124933": "It's big enough that you can sort to feel like you got away.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00337-00124933-00125359": "I like that quite a bit.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00338-00125359-00126217": "Supraja: If you want to get out of the city, just go to the North campus of The University", "0ZDDHWma30I-00339-00126217-00126326": "of Michigan...", "0ZDDHWma30I-00340-00126326-00126426": "[laughter]", "0ZDDHWma30I-00341-00126426-00126526": "[crosstalk]", "0ZDDHWma30I-00342-00126526-00126808": "Paula: You mentioned something about the parks.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00343-00126808-00126973": "Miguel: Yeah.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00344-00126973-00127433": "I have two children, so I spend a lot of time in parks playing with them.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00345-00127433-00127849": "It's just been amazing because in the beginning of the summer we decided to visit all the", "0ZDDHWma30I-00346-00127849-00128149": "city parks that are in Ann Arbor, not outside.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00347-00128149-00128466": "We haven't done that yet because there are a lot of places where we can go with the kids", "0ZDDHWma30I-00348-00128466-00128618": "and to the playground.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00349-00128618-00128935": "There are many activities to do if you have children.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00350-00128935-00129508": "Even if you don't have them, many of those parks have incredible [inaudible 21:37] . You", "0ZDDHWma30I-00351-00129508-00130314": "can row them in the river or you can also do a lot of nature stuff and sports.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00352-00130314-00130872": "If you want to go farther, you can go to Chicago and it's only three or four hours away.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00353-00130872-00131658": "If you find a deal, you can go [inaudible 21:53] . It's a really good place to go and", "0ZDDHWma30I-00354-00131658-00131824": "visit if you really want to go...", "0ZDDHWma30I-00355-00131824-00132288": "Kyle: In Chicago the train is good and usually not too expensive.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00356-00132288-00132523": "You can also take Mega Bus...", "0ZDDHWma30I-00357-00132523-00132623": "[crosstalk]", "0ZDDHWma30I-00358-00132623-00132828": "Supraja: There are bus services too.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00359-00132828-00133335": "Katy: Those will go to most of the major cities in Michigan, too.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00360-00133335-00133826": "You can take a Greyhound or a Mega Bus to Kalamazoo.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00361-00133826-00134374": "Supraja: Sometimes busses are recommended over trains because sometimes trains are slow.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00362-00134374-00134541": "Busses are very fast.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00363-00134541-00135054": "Paula: We've been talking about a lot of fun stuff, and we'll get back to that.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00364-00135054-00135279": "But we also know that students are coming here for academic reasons, too.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00365-00135279-00135447": "What kind of advice would you share with them?", "0ZDDHWma30I-00366-00135447-00136108": "Maybe think of it from the point of view as when you came to graduate school, what was", "0ZDDHWma30I-00367-00136108-00136208": "surprising to you academically?", "0ZDDHWma30I-00368-00136208-00136665": "What sort of things did you discover that you think will be helpful to share with students", "0ZDDHWma30I-00369-00136665-00137022": "who are just entering?", "0ZDDHWma30I-00370-00137022-00137965": "Supraja: I'd just like to point out that academics is quite rigorous.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00371-00137965-00138396": "You should be prepared to give it your best.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00372-00138396-00138676": "That was my thought when I started school here.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00373-00138676-00138958": "It's not like you can have fun and get good grades.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00374-00138958-00139291": "You have to work really hard.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00375-00139291-00139463": "You have to be prepared.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00376-00139463-00139577": "That's it.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00377-00139577-00139751": "It's not scary.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00378-00139751-00139971": "It's the reality of grad school.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00379-00139971-00140096": "But it is tough.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00380-00140096-00141045": "Kristye: I might have a different experience because I am in a health professional program.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00381-00141045-00141519": "But when I came here, I had sat a year out from school.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00382-00141519-00141872": "I graduated from graduate school and then I taught school for a year and then I came", "0ZDDHWma30I-00383-00141872-00142094": "to pharmacy school.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00384-00142094-00142979": "The sheer volume of work is I guess what I remember the most, because right now I'm not", "0ZDDHWma30I-00385-00142979-00143544": "in classes, but it was just the volume of working, becoming acclimated to having my", "0ZDDHWma30I-00386-00143544-00144035": "quizzes and exams weekly and every other day.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00387-00144035-00144617": "If you can eliminate any type of worry.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00388-00144617-00144844": "That for me was getting my lunch ready at night.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00389-00144844-00145354": "These are the little things that can cause you to be stressed out when you have to be", "0ZDDHWma30I-00390-00145354-00145659": "some place or in your class on time.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00391-00145659-00146313": "Getting my lunch ready at night, getting dressed, picking out my clothes, knowing where my car", "0ZDDHWma30I-00392-00146313-00146767": "keys were, knowing where my bus pass was, those type of things.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00393-00146767-00147216": "Just getting a routine and getting that established...", "0ZDDHWma30I-00394-00147216-00147316": "Kyle: That's so important.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00395-00147316-00148000": "I would just add that you can be working on things all the time, so it's important to", "0ZDDHWma30I-00396-00148000-00148367": "establish parameters for yourself and to be mindful, as you alluded to, of self-care.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00397-00148367-00149213": "Not to think, \"Oh, I'll go exercise if I have time later this week,\" because you can always", "0ZDDHWma30I-00398-00149213-00149563": "talk yourself out of that.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00399-00149563-00150000": "If your face life is important, you need to carve out time for that.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00400-00150000-00150283": "It's just important to keep a realistic perspective.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00401-00150283-00150820": "It's easy to lose track of, I think, when you are coming in and getting involved with", "0ZDDHWma30I-00402-00150820-00150920": "the work.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00403-00150920-00151240": "But you're going to be better at the work if you are also taking care of yourself.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00404-00151240-00151630": "Make sure you are carving out that time, whatever is most valuable for you.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00405-00151630-00152222": "Katy: The best advice I got was to treat my graduate program like a job, because a lot", "0ZDDHWma30I-00406-00152222-00152848": "of us are either coming from job experience or we really need to make that transition.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00407-00152848-00153338": "Feeling like I had working hours and then non-working hours was really helpful for me,", "0ZDDHWma30I-00408-00153338-00153670": "not just to make sure that I had self-care, but to make sure that I was using those hours", "0ZDDHWma30I-00409-00153670-00153847": "as well as I could.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00410-00153847-00154304": "Because there is sort of an expectation and so many different people will tell you that", "0ZDDHWma30I-00411-00154304-00154705": "they are reading all of the time or that they're working all of the time that it becomes really", "0ZDDHWma30I-00412-00154705-00155187": "easy to imagine that everyone is working always.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00413-00155187-00155637": "In some cases that's true, but they might not be as efficient as they could be.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00414-00155637-00156210": "When I would say, \"You have two hours to get this amount of reading done,\" it let me know", "0ZDDHWma30I-00415-00156210-00156539": "that I could stop at a certain point, but it also made me more productive in those two", "0ZDDHWma30I-00416-00156539-00157065": "hours, in the same way that my friends that had jobs knew that they only had a certain", "0ZDDHWma30I-00417-00157065-00157653": "amount of time to get that task done, and so they couldn't be taking every meeting.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00418-00157653-00157841": "They couldn't be having every lunch.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00419-00157841-00158313": "They had to be strategic about knowing their own limits.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00420-00158313-00158855": "Paula: What kind of suggestions do you have like that in terms of creating academic habits,", "0ZDDHWma30I-00421-00158855-00159255": "whether it be yourself or how you reach out to other people?", "0ZDDHWma30I-00422-00159255-00159355": "Are there suggestions you have?", "0ZDDHWma30I-00423-00159355-00159700": "Kristye: I like to make a task list.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00424-00159700-00160424": "I found that that helps me to keep track of everything that is due or even just the things", "0ZDDHWma30I-00425-00160424-00160958": "that need to be done in that day so it doesn't spill over to the next day, and I'm running", "0ZDDHWma30I-00426-00160958-00161058": "behind on things.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00427-00161058-00161514": "I always make a task list of all the things that have to be done or even just fill out", "0ZDDHWma30I-00428-00161514-00161922": "a calendar of assignments that are due or exams that are coming up.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00429-00161922-00162530": "Supraja: I think, like she said, you have to prioritize a lot, because during the academic", "0ZDDHWma30I-00430-00162530-00163063": "year, you have to concentrate on your academics, as well as if you are recruiting, you have", "0ZDDHWma30I-00431-00163063-00163763": "to be sure you are at the company events you'd like to work for.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00432-00163763-00164383": "If you are doing research, you have to prioritize that as well.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00433-00164383-00165151": "I know a few people who just go to all these networking events and not concentrate on their", "0ZDDHWma30I-00434-00165151-00165251": "classes.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00435-00165251-00165351": "You shouldn't do that.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00436-00165351-00165898": "You should strike this balance where you pick the companies which you really, really want", "0ZDDHWma30I-00437-00165898-00166210": "to work for.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00438-00166210-00166761": "The classes, which are very important, the assignments which need to be submitted, you", "0ZDDHWma30I-00439-00166761-00167024": "have to juggle it all.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00440-00167024-00167496": "Paula: In terms of reaching out to academic support instructors in your department, some", "0ZDDHWma30I-00441-00167496-00167596": "I know are department specific.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00442-00167596-00167696": "Some are shared.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00443-00167696-00168245": "But do you have things that you've found really helpful, things you'd recommend?", "0ZDDHWma30I-00444-00168245-00168388": "Chukwuka: Definitely.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00445-00168388-00168699": "I think one of the first things when you are out on campus that you should do is you should", "0ZDDHWma30I-00446-00168699-00169047": "really get to know your department coordinators and administrators.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00447-00169047-00169637": "They are absolutely the number one resource you can for your department or program specific", "0ZDDHWma30I-00448-00169637-00169740": "needs.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00449-00169740-00169932": "They know all the forms you need to fill out.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00450-00169932-00170627": "They know all the how to really interact with the professors and your instructors and even", "0ZDDHWma30I-00451-00170627-00171063": "connect you with other students if you need to work with a study group or things like", "0ZDDHWma30I-00452-00171063-00171163": "that.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00453-00171163-00171412": "They are a really good resource.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00454-00171412-00171635": "Very good for funding, definitely for doctoral students.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00455-00171635-00172289": "You can either come up with a package or you can have some type of teaching fellowship", "0ZDDHWma30I-00456-00172289-00172466": "or other things like that.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00457-00172466-00172864": "They can help you work all those details out, whereas you can sometimes feel overwhelmed.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00458-00172864-00173324": "I think getting to know your administrators, they are only there to help and they've been", "0ZDDHWma30I-00459-00173324-00173616": "there for a while and they know everything in and out.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00460-00173616-00173961": "Getting to know them on a personal level is really important.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00461-00173961-00174265": "They definitely go out of their way to help you.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00462-00174265-00175051": "Kyle: Even outside of programs, many people will come in and have a statistics sequence", "0ZDDHWma30I-00463-00175051-00175163": "or stats requirement.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00464-00175163-00175515": "That can be a source of some stress for students.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00465-00175515-00175674": "I know it was for me when I came in.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00466-00175674-00176224": "But there are regular workshops on campus to help students through those issues.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00467-00176224-00176784": "These are people who are [inaudible 29:29] with packages and things and help you work", "0ZDDHWma30I-00468-00176784-00176997": "through those and help you get it.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00469-00176997-00177512": "Even if you miss a little something in class, they can help explain it to you in a clearer", "0ZDDHWma30I-00470-00177512-00177659": "way.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00471-00177659-00178325": "Also, many students come in with some concerns about writing and the Sweetland Writing Center", "0ZDDHWma30I-00472-00178325-00178769": "on campus is a really good resource for a lot of students to help them think for how", "0ZDDHWma30I-00473-00178769-00179165": "to structure their arguments and be clear in their language.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00474-00179165-00179561": "That's been a real great resource for a lot of people as well.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00475-00179561-00180189": "Katy: I know that I am very fixated on the email that Rack 'Em puts out.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00476-00180189-00180345": "It was every Friday during the school year.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00477-00180345-00180784": "I think it's every month during the summer.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00478-00180784-00180937": "[crosstalk]", "0ZDDHWma30I-00479-00180937-00181849": "Katy: I found it really overwhelming when I first got here how many resources were offered", "0ZDDHWma30I-00480-00181849-00181949": "to me.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00481-00181949-00182398": "I could have made a fulltime job out of just accessing the resources.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00482-00182398-00182896": "That digest on Friday was really helpful for me to see and decide...", "0ZDDHWma30I-00483-00182896-00183477": "I went to workshops on how to read more quickly, how to fill out my FAFSA.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00484-00183477-00183809": "They have really practical things as well as academic stuff.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00485-00183809-00184323": "Knowing that there was that one email that would have most of the important life skills", "0ZDDHWma30I-00486-00184323-00185089": "or academic core skills was really helpful to me to feel like I wasn't as prodigious", "0ZDDHWma30I-00487-00185089-00185342": "and overwhelming.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00488-00185342-00185858": "If you can find ways to be systematic about looking for those things, it really helps", "0ZDDHWma30I-00489-00185858-00186319": "cut down on the anxiety of, am I missing this, or is this big important thing happening and", "0ZDDHWma30I-00490-00186319-00186419": "I don't know about it?", "0ZDDHWma30I-00491-00186419-00186649": "Paula: Just before you jump in real quick.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00492-00186649-00186942": "Could you talk a little bit about what Rackham is?", "0ZDDHWma30I-00493-00186942-00187110": "I'll put you on the spot.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00494-00187110-00187373": "You gave a good definition of it.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00495-00187373-00187987": "Katy: The way I think about it is that Rackham is the bigger college office.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00496-00187987-00188495": "When I was an undergrad here there was Undergraduate Office of Admissions, there was the Undergraduate", "0ZDDHWma30I-00497-00188495-00188595": "Career Center.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00498-00188595-00189058": "Now that I'm a graduate student, Rackham is the umbrella organization that covers many", "0ZDDHWma30I-00499-00189058-00189602": "of those really important academic skills that aren't necessarily departmental specific.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00500-00189602-00190101": "My departmental administrator is really great for things like what format should my prospectus", "0ZDDHWma30I-00501-00190101-00190253": "be, or when do I file.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00502-00190253-00191050": "But Rackham has really important information about funding deadlines, and taxes and writing.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00503-00191050-00191501": "They're also a great hub, that even if they don't...I find that the various offices are", "0ZDDHWma30I-00504-00191501-00191908": "all really friendly, so even if they don't know the answer, they know where to point", "0ZDDHWma30I-00505-00191908-00192123": "you next.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00506-00192123-00192609": "In a system that's as large and complicated as Michigan is administratively...Like every", "0ZDDHWma30I-00507-00192609-00193118": "department has its own administrator, every school has its own organizational system.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00508-00193118-00193702": "Rackham is a way to have one place that you start and then branch out.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00509-00193702-00194405": "Paula: People view Rackham in any other way that they could...", "0ZDDHWma30I-00510-00194405-00194746": "Supraja: She mentioned the Rackham emails.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00511-00194746-00195315": "Rackham organizes a lot of social events for the graduate students as well, like for them", "0ZDDHWma30I-00512-00195315-00195850": "to get together and find new people to become friends with.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00513-00195850-00196963": "That email contains not only grant deadlines and professional workshops and such, but also", "0ZDDHWma30I-00514-00196963-00197636": "social events like a movie screening or an ice cream social or something like that, which", "0ZDDHWma30I-00515-00197636-00198261": "I think you should always make a point of going to at least one because you meet so", "0ZDDHWma30I-00516-00198261-00198453": "many different people.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00517-00198453-00198755": "It's always fun, in my experience.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00518-00198755-00199391": "Never unsubscribe from Rackham emails.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00519-00199391-00199720": "You get a lot of emails from your different schools as well.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00520-00199720-00200689": "I'm from the College of Engineering, and they send me emails about career fairs and some", "0ZDDHWma30I-00521-00200689-00201005": "company events.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00522-00201005-00201325": "If you unsubscribe, you're going to miss out on a lot of stuff.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00523-00201325-00201559": "Never unsubscribe is my...", "0ZDDHWma30I-00524-00201559-00201991": "Kyle: Rackham is also blessed with really generous endowment.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00525-00201991-00202704": "I would really encourage students who are coming in to visit the Rackham fellowships", "0ZDDHWma30I-00526-00202704-00203273": "web page and see the number of different opportunities there are for funding from this school.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00527-00203273-00203923": "I had a travel grant to go to a conference in my field this fall that comes from Rackham.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00528-00203923-00204084": "I've accepted to do a presentation.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00529-00204084-00204675": "This summer, I had a spring-summer research grant that's funding me for these four months,", "0ZDDHWma30I-00530-00204675-00204798": "which is great to have.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00531-00204798-00205010": "I can work on my independent research.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00532-00205010-00205509": "There are pre-doctoral dissertation fellowships.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00533-00205509-00205976": "There's a lot of resources that you can get money to help pay off student loan interest.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00534-00205976-00206233": "There's all kinds of little pots of money sitting around Rackham.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00535-00206233-00206657": "If you're intentional about looking up what those are, and just a little bit of legwork", "0ZDDHWma30I-00536-00206657-00207071": "to fill out the applications, chances are you're going to be able to benefit from one", "0ZDDHWma30I-00537-00207071-00207298": "of those pools of resources.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00538-00207298-00207510": "Paula: We also are building.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00539-00207510-00207792": "I'm just going to mention that because we're sitting in the Rackham building right now.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00540-00207792-00208004": "It's a beautiful, beautiful building.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00541-00208004-00208160": "You can study in it.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00542-00208160-00208512": "We hold workshops, professional development workshops as well as social workshops.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00543-00208512-00208641": "Kyle: Major speaking events.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00544-00208641-00208801": "Paula: Major speaking events, yes.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00545-00208801-00209436": "Katy: I know that for me it was a big concern about so many of the spaces on campus are", "0ZDDHWma30I-00546-00209436-00209821": "filled with undergraduate students, which is great, because a lot of them are very bound", "0ZDDHWma30I-00547-00209821-00210028": "to the campus and you can see them everywhere.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00548-00210028-00210198": "But sometimes it's a little bit...", "0ZDDHWma30I-00549-00210198-00210367": "Kyle: You were one not so long ago.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00550-00210367-00211048": "Katy: I was, and I still very often am mistaken for one, but I found it really helpful to", "0ZDDHWma30I-00551-00211048-00211481": "come to Rackham to study because there's something freeing about knowing that undergrads won't", "0ZDDHWma30I-00552-00211481-00212077": "come into this building really, and knowing that if I'm really frustrated with something", "0ZDDHWma30I-00553-00212077-00212471": "or grading, it was a little bit of privacy that I didn't get in my department, which", "0ZDDHWma30I-00554-00212471-00212688": "also has an undergraduate program.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00555-00212688-00213198": "If you're feeling claustrophobic in your department, which sometimes can happen, especially my", "0ZDDHWma30I-00556-00213198-00213635": "department's very small, so I find Rackham to be a welcome oasis.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00557-00213635-00213796": "The reading rooms are beautiful.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00558-00213796-00214057": "They're very quiet.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00559-00214057-00214569": "Miguel: I will say that one really important thing in the University of Michigan is to", "0ZDDHWma30I-00560-00214569-00215103": "know really different people.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00561-00215103-00215619": "Most of us come from other schools together, to get specific skills and to learn the specific", "0ZDDHWma30I-00562-00215619-00215719": "things.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00563-00215719-00216096": "Rackham is a thing where you can forget about it and you can just remember that there are", "0ZDDHWma30I-00564-00216096-00216196": "some people...", "0ZDDHWma30I-00565-00216196-00216388": "In my case, I study public policy.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00566-00216388-00216780": "It's nice to remember that there are people studying biology or other kinds of fields", "0ZDDHWma30I-00567-00216780-00217160": "that maybe you are not necessarily concerned about it, but it's always refreshing to listen", "0ZDDHWma30I-00568-00217160-00217635": "to them, and seeing that there are many other things outside of you.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00569-00217635-00218273": "Kristye: I definitely used Rackham to meet other people because my program isn't under", "0ZDDHWma30I-00570-00218273-00218677": "Rackham, but Rackham still can serve me.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00571-00218677-00219196": "One of the way that it has is that it has allowed me to meet different people and people", "0ZDDHWma30I-00572-00219196-00219396": "from different disciplines and different departments.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00573-00219396-00219871": "Natalie: Would you mind mentioning your involvement with an organization?", "0ZDDHWma30I-00574-00219871-00219980": "Kristye: Sure.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00575-00219980-00220576": "I'm the Vice President of Students of Color Rackham, which is a graduate student organization,", "0ZDDHWma30I-00576-00220576-00220676": "of course.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00577-00220676-00221408": "It's meant to bring students from all disciplines together for social and professional academic", "0ZDDHWma30I-00578-00221408-00222194": "wellbeing, and to provide a site space where we can all come together, meet, and get whatever", "0ZDDHWma30I-00579-00222194-00222498": "things that we need from each other.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00580-00222498-00222598": "[crosstalk]", "0ZDDHWma30I-00581-00222598-00223430": "Chukwuka: I'm the Vice President of Rackham Student Government, which is the student faction", "0ZDDHWma30I-00582-00223430-00224062": "representing all the schools in Rackham from the four different divisions -- humanities,", "0ZDDHWma30I-00583-00224062-00224346": "engineering, social sciences, and...", "0ZDDHWma30I-00584-00224346-00224467": "Kyle: The other one.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00585-00224467-00224571": "Chukwuka: The other one.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00586-00224571-00224773": "[laughs] I didn't say that, though.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00587-00224773-00225592": "We really liaise a lot with the Rackham administrators here to provide social events for the students,", "0ZDDHWma30I-00588-00225592-00226283": "collaborate financially also, putting together the professional activities and things like", "0ZDDHWma30I-00589-00226283-00226383": "that.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00590-00226383-00226648": "We really just try to work hand-in-hand to represent graduate students' voices and bring", "0ZDDHWma30I-00591-00226648-00227186": "to them events that could be helpful and beneficial to them.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00592-00227186-00227446": "Natalie: This is great timing, actually.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00593-00227446-00227546": "We did receive a question.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00594-00227546-00227706": "Does Rackham host social events?", "0ZDDHWma30I-00595-00227706-00228042": "Since some of you were mentioning that.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00596-00228042-00228466": "Go to football games together, et cetera, was the question.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00597-00228466-00228671": "Yes.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00598-00228671-00229076": "Your particular organizations that you mentioned.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00599-00229076-00229535": "Can some of you talk about social outlets that you've plugged into maybe your school", "0ZDDHWma30I-00600-00229535-00230076": "or college or your department program, if your department or program has a student organization", "0ZDDHWma30I-00601-00230076-00230446": "within that that is active and getting students together.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00602-00230446-00230663": "Supraja: I'm part of GradSWE.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00603-00230663-00230909": "That's the Graduate Society of Women Engineers.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00604-00230909-00231516": "It's pretty popular on north campus because that's where the College of Engineering is", "0ZDDHWma30I-00605-00231516-00231616": "placed.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00606-00231616-00232121": "You can be a part of GradSWE on a country level but you need to pay for membership.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00607-00232121-00232519": "If you want to be a part of University of Michigan's chapter you don't need to pay anything.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00608-00232519-00233363": "The good part is that...I call myself a fake engineer because I'm actually doing financial", "0ZDDHWma30I-00609-00233363-00233627": "mathematics, it's just called financial engineering.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00610-00233627-00234280": "I get to meet all these women and men -- there are men in GradSWE as well -- and they are", "0ZDDHWma30I-00611-00234280-00234633": "from nuclear engineering and biomedical engineering.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00612-00234633-00235011": "When they talk about different things, it's so interesting.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00613-00235011-00235708": "One girl, she was talking about nuclear reactors and how Michigan has one of the biggest...I", "0ZDDHWma30I-00614-00235708-00236019": "don't remember the name.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00615-00236019-00236567": "It's supposed to be one of the best reactors of something.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00616-00236567-00237108": "It's very interesting to know that Michigan has all this...", "0ZDDHWma30I-00617-00237108-00237285": "[audio break]", "0ZDDHWma30I-00618-00237285-00237865": "Supraja: ...one space where it's all about your cause.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00619-00237865-00238662": "They also host fun stuff like pumpkin carving and apple picking, movie screening, and bar", "0ZDDHWma30I-00620-00238662-00238764": "hopping.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00621-00238764-00239184": "I don't know what you call that.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00622-00239184-00239284": "[laughter]", "0ZDDHWma30I-00623-00239284-00239464": "Katy: Bar crawl.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00624-00239464-00239564": "Supraja: It's fun.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00625-00239564-00239905": "It's not specific to engineers.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00626-00239905-00240523": "Since it's called Women's Society of Engineers, I know men who are part of the society as", "0ZDDHWma30I-00627-00240523-00240623": "well.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00628-00240623-00240723": "It's a very interesting thing.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00629-00240723-00241454": "Paula: We sponsor things with SWE too, so Rackham does do a lot of co-sponsorship with", "0ZDDHWma30I-00630-00241454-00241554": "groups like that.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00631-00241554-00241998": "Kyle: Both my program in higher education and the School of Education have social groups", "0ZDDHWma30I-00632-00241998-00242730": "that will organize very similar events or football game tailgates in the fall, but also", "0ZDDHWma30I-00633-00242730-00243046": "professional development opportunities.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00634-00243046-00243392": "Speakers will come in that they'll host.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00635-00243392-00243654": "We can also have a chili cook-off.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00636-00243654-00244175": "It's a variety of programming that those two organizations will put together.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00637-00244175-00244405": "Miguel: It's the same in public policy.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00638-00244405-00245090": "I could not name how many organizations are there organizing things, because you can find", "0ZDDHWma30I-00639-00245090-00245869": "an event, even twice per week, or something like that, when you can do...As you said,", "0ZDDHWma30I-00640-00245869-00246496": "there are tailgates or a conference or a lunch with a speaker, or an afternoon meeting with", "0ZDDHWma30I-00641-00246496-00246927": "a professor of faculty.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00642-00246927-00247057": "It's amazing.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00643-00247057-00247309": "You can really find a lot of things to do.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00644-00247309-00247489": "Supraja: You have cultural nights as well.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00645-00247489-00248114": "If you want to experience different cultures, like you have the Malaysian night, and then", "0ZDDHWma30I-00646-00248114-00248602": "you have Indian festivals that are being organized.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00647-00248602-00249265": "Like I said, those emails mention them in their weekly updates.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00648-00249265-00249705": "I learned a lot of stuff going to these cultural nights.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00649-00249705-00250467": "You have these assumptions about certain people, and it really does break...These events help", "0ZDDHWma30I-00650-00250467-00250850": "you forget about those clichés.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00651-00250850-00251348": "Katy: I just want to plug the University Musical Society.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00652-00251348-00251660": "UMS is a huge organization on campus.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00653-00251660-00252288": "They bring in truly an astounding caliber of musicians.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00654-00252288-00252673": "Students have access twice a year -- once in September and once in December -- to the", "0ZDDHWma30I-00655-00252673-00252816": "half-price ticket sales.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00656-00252816-00253223": "You can get tickets to literally anything they put on for half price.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00657-00253223-00253582": "That could be balcony seats where you can pay...I have seen world class musicians.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00658-00253582-00254479": "The prices are cheap enough that you can say, \"Sure, I will go see an ancient Chinese violin", "0ZDDHWma30I-00659-00254479-00254579": "symphony.\"", "0ZDDHWma30I-00660-00254579-00254760": "Kyle: Or the San Francisco orchestra.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00661-00254760-00255442": "Katy: Philip Glass premiered the working rehearsal of \"Einstein on the Beach.\"", "0ZDDHWma30I-00662-00255442-00255581": "I've seen Yo-Yo Ma.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00663-00255581-00255702": "I've seen bluegrass.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00664-00255702-00255890": "I've seen amazing things.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00665-00255890-00256338": "It's so accessible, and they're always walkable to campus, which is really nice.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00666-00256338-00256667": "You don't have to go into a city to see them.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00667-00256667-00257059": "Paula: Kyle, you did a riff on what Ann Arbor's like.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00668-00257059-00257384": "Do you care to do that again?", "0ZDDHWma30I-00669-00257384-00257769": "Kyle: I just said that for the size Ann Arbor tends to punch above its weight.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00670-00257769-00258568": "We have those great cultural aspects here that are a great benefit of being a part of", "0ZDDHWma30I-00671-00258568-00259126": "the place like the University of Michigan, which attracts that kind of talent on a regular", "0ZDDHWma30I-00672-00259126-00259226": "basis.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00673-00259226-00259630": "We also have the longest running independent film series in the United States.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00674-00259630-00259787": "That happens in March.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00675-00259787-00260190": "Just next week Ann Arbor Art Fair will bring something like half a million of people through", "0ZDDHWma30I-00676-00260190-00260600": "town over the course of a four or five day period.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00677-00260600-00261217": "That brings artists from across the country and around the world to send on our streets.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00678-00261217-00261903": "You can walk around and see that and appreciate those kind of expressions.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00679-00261903-00262625": "In a few weeks I'll be at the Michigan Stadium for the Real Madrid/Manchester United soccer", "0ZDDHWma30I-00680-00262625-00262824": "game.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00681-00262824-00263399": "They're playing games in places like New York, Chicago, Dallas, San Francisco, and Ann Arbor.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00682-00263399-00263836": "It's like, which one of these is not like the others?", "0ZDDHWma30I-00683-00263836-00264418": "It's a really interesting part about being here in that you have access to these world-class", "0ZDDHWma30I-00684-00264418-00264917": "events in what is a relatively small but really vibrant college community.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00685-00264917-00265330": "Paula: You guys actually had a couple of things that I want to talk about a little more, or", "0ZDDHWma30I-00686-00265330-00265480": "have you talk about.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00687-00265480-00265810": "UMS Art Fair, those are unique Ann Arbor things.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00688-00265810-00266308": "Let's think about it, some of the things that we think about as common language here but", "0ZDDHWma30I-00689-00266308-00266759": "people may need to know ahead of time, or even come in habits.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00690-00266759-00267032": "One is 10 after the hour.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00691-00267032-00267522": "Classes always start at 10 after the hour.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00692-00267522-00267818": "If it's 2:00, it starts at 2:10.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00693-00267818-00267918": "Katy: That is called...", "0ZDDHWma30I-00694-00267918-00268018": "Group: Michigan Time.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00695-00268018-00268118": "Paula: But don't be late for a faculty meeting.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00696-00268118-00268305": "If they say 2:00, then it's 2:00.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00697-00268305-00268749": "Supraja: Only classes start at Michigan time.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00698-00268749-00268928": "The rest are one time.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00699-00268928-00269595": "Paula: What other things, if you can think about, were surprising to you or new?", "0ZDDHWma30I-00700-00269595-00270228": "Katy: As not a football or sports person, I'm always amazed at the degree to which the", "0ZDDHWma30I-00701-00270228-00270528": "city shuts down on Saturdays during the fall.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00702-00270528-00271071": "It's almost impossible to drive anywhere near that area, which is a problem because there's", "0ZDDHWma30I-00703-00271071-00271457": "a really good Meijer, which is a cheaper grocery store.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00704-00271457-00271672": "There's major highway access that way.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00705-00271672-00271772": "It's almost un-walkable.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00706-00271772-00271951": "Paula: Yeah, they literally shut down.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00707-00271951-00272247": "Katy: They literally will shut down streets.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00708-00272247-00272715": "It's something to be aware of, especially if you live near the stadium, that Saturdays", "0ZDDHWma30I-00709-00272715-00272968": "there will be people all over your lawn.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00710-00272968-00273457": "They will be...", "0ZDDHWma30I-00711-00273457-00274064": "The population of the city doubles on football Saturdays, and it's concentrated in a very", "0ZDDHWma30I-00712-00274064-00274164": "small part of campus.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00713-00274164-00274818": "Kyle: You can also see businesses around town, their operating hours will say, \"Except Saturday", "0ZDDHWma30I-00714-00274818-00274958": "December 6th.\"", "0ZDDHWma30I-00715-00274958-00275419": "It goes through the home game schedule.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00716-00275419-00275589": "It really does overwhelm the place.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00717-00275589-00275752": "Natalie: I'm sorry to interrupt you.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00718-00275752-00276101": "Have you any of you seen a Michigan football game?", "0ZDDHWma30I-00719-00276101-00276379": "Kyle: Yeah, I've been to all of them.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00720-00276379-00276854": "Natalie: Anything you'd like to say to students who haven't experienced that?", "0ZDDHWma30I-00721-00276854-00277364": "Miguel: In my experience, I was amazed by the size of the stadium.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00722-00277364-00277701": "In Mexico there's a stadium where it's very famous all over the world because it's very", "0ZDDHWma30I-00723-00277701-00277801": "big.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00724-00277801-00278019": "When I arrived someone said, \"Oh, yeah, the stadium is very big.\"", "0ZDDHWma30I-00725-00278019-00278202": "I said, \"Oh, yeah, of course.\"", "0ZDDHWma30I-00726-00278202-00278469": "Then I search on Wikipedia, and it's bigger.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00727-00278469-00279234": "It was awesome, and it was most incredible to see how the town changes in one day.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00728-00279234-00279596": "There are many people in the streets, and it's not only drunk guys.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00729-00279596-00279942": "There are many kinds of people.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00730-00279942-00280278": "They are all enjoying the game.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00731-00280278-00280717": "Even many people in the stadium seem that they not are understanding very well, but", "0ZDDHWma30I-00732-00280717-00281387": "they are having fun, and they are having a great time just sharing the time with the", "0ZDDHWma30I-00733-00281387-00281487": "community.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00734-00281487-00281587": "It's an amazing experience.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00735-00281587-00282097": "Kyle: Yeah, I would say even if you don't have any interest in football, just as a sociological", "0ZDDHWma30I-00736-00282097-00282258": "experience.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00737-00282258-00283105": "Going to a cultural athletic event with 112,000 other people, and knowing that you are part", "0ZDDHWma30I-00738-00283105-00283604": "of the largest group of people doing that one particular thing on a given day in the", "0ZDDHWma30I-00739-00283604-00283936": "world, it's a special thing here.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00740-00283936-00284337": "I would say to give it a try at least, one time, at least for nothing else just for the", "0ZDDHWma30I-00741-00284337-00284491": "spectacle of all of it.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00742-00284491-00284844": "Supraja: You see a lot of interesting things happening on football nights.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00743-00284844-00284980": "I once saw this...", "0ZDDHWma30I-00744-00284980-00285080": "Kyle: Careful.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00745-00285080-00285180": "[laughter]", "0ZDDHWma30I-00746-00285180-00285710": "Supraja: Undergrad kids wearing just shorts, late, fall, super cold night, running around", "0ZDDHWma30I-00747-00285710-00285892": "shouting slogans like...It's fun.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00748-00285892-00286029": "It's very interesting.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00749-00286029-00286704": "Chukwuka: I would absolutely piggyback off that and just say if you are remotely interested", "0ZDDHWma30I-00750-00286704-00286853": "in football, definitely get season tickets.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00751-00286853-00287025": "You've gotten the email by now I'm sure.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00752-00287025-00287221": "Make sure you get that.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00753-00287221-00287470": "It will save you money in the end.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00754-00287470-00288024": "Even if not, not a huge football fan just like Kyle said, make sure you got to at least", "0ZDDHWma30I-00755-00288024-00288124": "one.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00756-00288124-00288243": "People will let you know what are the biggest games of the season.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00757-00288243-00288407": "Try and get tickets to those.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00758-00288407-00288958": "To piggyback off of what you said as well, it's the largest stadium in all of the US", "0ZDDHWma30I-00759-00288958-00289073": "for football.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00760-00289073-00289807": "I would say for the homecoming game that was my biggest experience when I came to Ann Arbor,", "0ZDDHWma30I-00761-00289807-00290286": "coming from a school that didn't have as large of a sports culture.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00762-00290286-00290725": "It's definitely something to check out, if once.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00763-00290725-00291282": "Miguel: When I finish the game, people told me in 20 years you won't remember a single", "0ZDDHWma30I-00764-00291282-00291621": "lecture of all the program, but you will remember this game.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00765-00291621-00291817": "I think he was right.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00766-00291817-00291917": "[laughter]", "0ZDDHWma30I-00767-00291917-00292163": "Miguel: It's an amazing experience.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00768-00292163-00292336": "Paula: That's interesting.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00769-00292336-00292436": "Things are defining.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00770-00292436-00292729": "It sounds like Musical Society is certainly defining, the sports program, the football", "0ZDDHWma30I-00771-00292729-00292885": "program, it sounds like.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00772-00292885-00293682": "What other things do you think of as defining when you think about Ann Arbor or the University", "0ZDDHWma30I-00773-00293682-00293782": "of Michigan?", "0ZDDHWma30I-00774-00293782-00294189": "Things that you think, well this makes us a really cool place.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00775-00294189-00294464": "Supraja: The restaurants out here are so diverse.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00776-00294464-00294778": "A lot of choices.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00777-00294778-00295192": "I think that would be a big part of Ann Arbor.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00778-00295192-00296125": "Kyle: In case folks who are coming here have not heard, winter here can be a bit challenging.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00779-00296125-00296360": "Literally defining elements.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00780-00296360-00297118": "But for the struggles of winter, through a good deal of snow and a good deal of cold", "0ZDDHWma30I-00781-00297118-00298187": "wind that you need to buy a big jacket for, this time of year, in the fall, really define", "0ZDDHWma30I-00782-00298187-00298896": "Ann Arbor for me because it is an impossibly beautiful place to spend these months.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00783-00298896-00299697": "To run around time or to go to the arboretum or to just be on the center of campus, which", "0ZDDHWma30I-00784-00299697-00300374": "you should know is called the Diag, and see the changing colors of fall.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00785-00300374-00300545": "That's a really special time.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00786-00300545-00301174": "That also adds to, I think, the culture around football, is that it happens at this time", "0ZDDHWma30I-00787-00301174-00301613": "of the year where you just feel a special energy about the place, where people have", "0ZDDHWma30I-00788-00301613-00301894": "come back from the summer and everyone's excited to be here.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00789-00301894-00302401": "In the wintertime we hibernate a little bit, but once the spring starts and through the", "0ZDDHWma30I-00790-00302401-00302618": "fall, it's really a great place to be.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00791-00302618-00303123": "Kristye: I want to say that winter gets a bad rep, and I'm from the South, so I don't", "0ZDDHWma30I-00792-00303123-00303273": "like the cold.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00793-00303273-00303952": "But I can appreciate the winter here because just as much as the spring and summer is beautiful,", "0ZDDHWma30I-00794-00303952-00304483": "the winter, although at the end you might not feel this way, is beautiful as well.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00795-00304483-00304850": "There's still a lot of things going on at that time.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00796-00304850-00305263": "People like to ski.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00797-00305263-00305831": "I've been to outdoor festivals, like in Frankenmuth, where they have this ice thing going on.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00798-00305831-00306098": "There are things that are still going on.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00799-00306098-00306198": "It doesn't just stop.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00800-00306198-00306600": "There's still lots of things, and you can appreciate the beauty of the wintertime as", "0ZDDHWma30I-00801-00306600-00306700": "well.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00802-00306700-00307243": "Kyle: It's also important to note that I, also as a Southerner, if we get two inches", "0ZDDHWma30I-00803-00307243-00307473": "of snow, everything is closed.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00804-00307473-00307677": "But everything goes on here.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00805-00307677-00308091": "I promise you the bus will be on time and school will be open and life goes on.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00806-00308091-00308257": "Katy: People just dress for it.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00807-00308257-00308669": "Kyle: Get some big boots, get a good jacket, get a scarf, get a hat, you'll be fine.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00808-00308669-00309181": "Kristye: We had a snow day this year, but it wasn't a snow day.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00809-00309181-00309840": "It was a cold day, because it was severely cold, too cold to have students on campus.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00810-00309840-00309969": "I think that was the first...", "0ZDDHWma30I-00811-00309969-00310177": "Katy: In like 50 years or something.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00812-00310177-00310277": "Kristye: Yeah.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00813-00310277-00310513": "Kyle: 1978 was the last time.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00814-00310513-00310638": "Supraja: It was really cold.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00815-00310638-00310738": "Kyle: It was.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00816-00310738-00311153": "Katy: I will say that one of the things that always surprised me after I had been to other", "0ZDDHWma30I-00817-00311153-00311572": "universities is how short the break is between fall and winter semesters.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00818-00311572-00312245": "The fall semester will run until...sometimes I've had exams on like December 23rd.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00819-00312245-00312617": "Often times, there's work over the break, and it starts right back up again on January", "0ZDDHWma30I-00820-00312617-00312768": "3rd sometimes.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00821-00312768-00313132": "But there's four months of summer.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00822-00313132-00313492": "There's a full four months, which is different, if you're used to the quarter system or even", "0ZDDHWma30I-00823-00313492-00313715": "a sort of delayed semester.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00824-00313715-00314305": "I find that the beginning of the winter term, it's cold, it's dark, you haven't had much", "0ZDDHWma30I-00825-00314305-00314683": "of a rest, so it's more important than it could be at other places where you might get", "0ZDDHWma30I-00826-00314683-00314801": "the chance to go home.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00827-00314801-00315201": "I know a lot of, I have friends that are international students that just don't go home over the", "0ZDDHWma30I-00828-00315201-00315484": "break, because it is so short.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00829-00315484-00316018": "It's an important thing to check when you get here, to sort of plan, because I know,", "0ZDDHWma30I-00830-00316018-00316448": "I've had friends that have booked flight tickets home, and then had an exam four days later", "0ZDDHWma30I-00831-00316448-00316764": "and couldn't make it.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00832-00316764-00317020": "It's an uncommonly short break in between.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00833-00317020-00317463": "Kyle: Yeah, truth in advertising, we have fall semester and winter semester.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00834-00317463-00317697": "Which some people might know as spring semester, but.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00835-00317697-00318234": "We have winter term and we push spring-summer together in that moment.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00836-00318234-00318767": "Supraja: She mentioned about, booking flights in advance.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00837-00318767-00319388": "A lot of professors are ready to change their schedules to suit you.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00838-00319388-00319621": "They're not going to do it all the time.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00839-00319621-00319795": "But they are willing to accommodate.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00840-00319795-00320464": "A lot of professors, like, my class is 90 percent international students.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00841-00320464-00320684": "A lot of them wanted to go home.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00842-00320684-00321128": "When the professors give the exams daily, it's in the month of December.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00843-00321128-00321489": "When, like a bunch of people went in to talk to them.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00844-00321489-00321786": "They were willing to reschedule the exams, so that happens.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00845-00321786-00321886": "It's something.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00846-00321886-00322014": "Katy: It's worth an ask.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00847-00322014-00322437": "Paula: It's worth it asking, [inaudible 53:50] your faculty.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00848-00322437-00322809": "Are there other academic norms that you were surprised by that when you got here?", "0ZDDHWma30I-00849-00322809-00322998": "Again, it's hard to think back sometimes.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00850-00322998-00323203": "Supraja: You have to register for classes.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00851-00323203-00323738": "That kind of can be a bit challenging, when you don't understand in the beginning, but", "0ZDDHWma30I-00852-00323738-00324058": "then you get the hang of it.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00853-00324058-00324499": "Like Chukwuka said, you always have to be in touch with your coordinators, because they", "0ZDDHWma30I-00854-00324499-00325252": "know the best and they know which class...like the same class will be offered three times", "0ZDDHWma30I-00855-00325252-00325578": "a week, so which would suit your schedule best?", "0ZDDHWma30I-00856-00325578-00326201": "There's no time between the rest of your courses.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00857-00326201-00326759": "If you have any doubts, if you have an established relationship with your coordinator, all this", "0ZDDHWma30I-00858-00326759-00326894": "becomes nothing.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00859-00326894-00327097": "It's super easy.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00860-00327097-00328015": "Kyle: I was very confused and remain confused by the online platform that one uses to register", "0ZDDHWma30I-00861-00328015-00328815": "for classes, Wolverine Access, which, frankly, I find to be rather outdated and rather unintuitive,", "0ZDDHWma30I-00862-00328815-00328991": "difficult to navigate.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00863-00328991-00329323": "I would say to a new student, if you feel that way when you come in to register for", "0ZDDHWma30I-00864-00329323-00329573": "classes, you are not alone.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00865-00329573-00330057": "That graduate coordinator in your department could be a good resource.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00866-00330057-00330419": "I know trying to navigate and figure out, \"Have I actually registered?\"", "0ZDDHWma30I-00867-00330419-00330519": "[crosstalk]", "0ZDDHWma30I-00868-00330519-00331065": "Kyle: It's an outdated system that I think we should improve.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00869-00331065-00331761": "But in the meantime, there are plenty of people who have found a way to actually go to class", "0ZDDHWma30I-00870-00331761-00331864": "and sign up for them.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00871-00331864-00332008": "Don't be afraid to ask people.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00872-00332008-00332492": "Or don't feel like you are really missing something just because the system seems odd.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00873-00332492-00333031": "Supraja: You have the course drop deadline thing.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00874-00333031-00333296": "I don't know the exact timeline...", "0ZDDHWma30I-00875-00333296-00333484": "Kyle: Three weeks.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00876-00333484-00333797": "Supraja: Yeah, after classes start.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00877-00333797-00334367": "Even if you haven't registered for a really important course, personally go talk to the", "0ZDDHWma30I-00878-00334367-00334851": "professor and he will try his best to accommodate you in his class, unless his class is filled", "0ZDDHWma30I-00879-00334851-00335118": "the capacity and there are no seats.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00880-00335118-00335709": "I know classes, super popular courses, where professors have allowed you to sit in classes,", "0ZDDHWma30I-00881-00335709-00336342": "and not exactly sit, even stand in classes sometimes so that they can accommodate you.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00882-00336342-00336806": "Katy: I will say that registration is really important because of a lot of student benefits", "0ZDDHWma30I-00883-00336806-00337017": "that are tied to your registration.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00884-00337017-00337403": "It's a really important thing in terms of your health insurance sometimes, the distinction", "0ZDDHWma30I-00885-00337403-00337724": "between are you a part time student or a fulltime student?", "0ZDDHWma30I-00886-00337724-00338208": "It's a really good question for your department what constitutes as fulltime in our department,", "0ZDDHWma30I-00887-00338208-00338784": "because there are differences even between programs or between years in my department's", "0ZDDHWma30I-00888-00338784-00338905": "case.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00889-00338905-00339634": "As much as your fellow students can often be a resource, the requirements change.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00890-00339634-00339844": "The health insurance can change.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00891-00339844-00340322": "It's always best with something as important as registration to double check it.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00892-00340322-00340871": "Paula: Talk about the grant coordinators or the [inaudible 56:55] coordinators people", "0ZDDHWma30I-00893-00340871-00341074": "call them too, important people.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00894-00341074-00341398": "We haven't talked about faculty mentors and advisors.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00895-00341398-00341985": "I don't know if anyone wants to talk about advice or suggestions they would give to maximize", "0ZDDHWma30I-00896-00341985-00342121": "that relationship.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00897-00342121-00342663": "Chukwuka: To start, I think one of the main mindsets you have to come into graduate school", "0ZDDHWma30I-00898-00342663-00343345": "kind of being aware of is that not only are you going to be a student of the faculty and", "0ZDDHWma30I-00899-00343345-00343760": "of the different instructors and professors, but you're also going to be, in many cases,", "0ZDDHWma30I-00900-00343760-00344037": "during a research component, collaborators and colleagues with them.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00901-00344037-00345002": "In my opinion that's a huge mental stepping stone to really get that.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00902-00345002-00345511": "Having that relationship be collaborative and back and forth will really improve the", "0ZDDHWma30I-00903-00345511-00346351": "dynamic, whereas you don't really want it to be a dominant/subservient kind of relationship.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00904-00346351-00346613": "You're obviously going to be learning from them, but they can also learn from you.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00905-00346613-00347132": "You have to be able to understand that you are coming here to make a contribution, and", "0ZDDHWma30I-00906-00347132-00347316": "they're also working with you to do that.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00907-00347316-00347940": "I think that's really important, to put yourself into the right state when pursuing your graduate", "0ZDDHWma30I-00908-00347940-00348632": "degree and also making sure you meet with them weekly, establishing the relationship.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00909-00348632-00349290": "Have it not only based on academics, but be able to talk to them about social things,", "0ZDDHWma30I-00910-00349290-00349734": "sports activities, what they're interested in, how their family is doing.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00911-00349734-00350103": "Really forming a relationship with your advisor or your faculty that you'll be in contact", "0ZDDHWma30I-00912-00350103-00350224": "with is very important.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00913-00350224-00350604": "Katy: Actually, to piggyback off of that, I think it's important to realize that not", "0ZDDHWma30I-00914-00350604-00351130": "everybody's advisor/advisee relationship looks the same.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00915-00351130-00351416": "I actually don't discuss much of my personal life with my advisor.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00916-00351416-00351840": "I got married on the fly.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00917-00351840-00351963": "[laughter]", "0ZDDHWma30I-00918-00351963-00352305": "Katy: It just wasn't part of our relationship.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00919-00352305-00352664": "I know sometimes it would feel overwhelming, because you would hear somebody talk about,", "0ZDDHWma30I-00920-00352664-00353022": "\"I went to drinks with my professor, and we were talking about our kids,\" and how amazing", "0ZDDHWma30I-00921-00353022-00353122": "that was.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00922-00353122-00353468": "I'm sitting there thinking, \"My advisor doesn't even know where I'm from.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00923-00353468-00353704": "Am I doing it wrong?\"", "0ZDDHWma30I-00924-00353704-00354243": "To realize that different relationships look different and it's up to you.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00925-00354243-00354667": "For me it was a really big step to realize that I could have many mentors.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00926-00354667-00355342": "I have one official advisor in terms of my dissertation, but I have many mentors.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00927-00355342-00355824": "Some of my mentors are better at other skills, so I do have somebody that I can go to if", "0ZDDHWma30I-00928-00355824-00356023": "I have a personal problem.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00929-00356023-00356359": "I have career advisors.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00930-00356359-00356787": "Having \"Team Katy\" is more effective for me.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00931-00356787-00356896": "There's so many...", "0ZDDHWma30I-00932-00356896-00357025": "Chukwuka: It takes a village.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00933-00357025-00357373": "Katy: It does take a village.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00934-00357373-00357553": "There are many ways to get through a PhD.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00935-00357553-00358226": "I know it was one of the big shifts for me, realizing that, in my department...at times", "0ZDDHWma30I-00936-00358226-00358575": "I still feel like everybody but me wants to be a professor.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00937-00358575-00358996": "I'm open to that, but I'm not sure that it's exactly what I want.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00938-00358996-00359619": "It was important for me to start reaching out for people that could mentor me in a different", "0ZDDHWma30I-00939-00359619-00360094": "career path if that's what I wanted.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00940-00360094-00360514": "Kristye: I want to piggyback off of what she...", "0ZDDHWma30I-00941-00360514-00360614": "[laughter]", "0ZDDHWma30I-00942-00360614-00360983": "Kristye: I find that it's very easy to established mentorship here.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00943-00360983-00361706": "I actually am not sure if the actual clinical practice of pharmacy is something that I wanted", "0ZDDHWma30I-00944-00361706-00362222": "to do, but I knew that I wanted to do research maybe a more public type of area.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00945-00362222-00362702": "I have been able to go into the School of Public Health and find mentors there.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00946-00362702-00362977": "One of my greatest mentors is a physician here.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00947-00362977-00363478": "One of my other mentors is in dietary sciences.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00948-00363478-00363920": "You are able to get the people that you need.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00949-00363920-00364114": "You just have to be a go getter.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00950-00364114-00364466": "You have to be active in trying to establish those relationships with people.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00951-00364466-00364644": "A lot of people are open to that.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00952-00364644-00364964": "Natalie: Can I ask you, how does one establish a mentoring relationship?", "0ZDDHWma30I-00953-00364964-00365200": "How do you find these magical people?", "0ZDDHWma30I-00954-00365200-00365300": "What do you do?", "0ZDDHWma30I-00955-00365300-00365451": "Kristye: I use people find other people.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00956-00365451-00365903": "I might find one person, and I start talking to them about what I'm interested in.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00957-00365903-00366322": "That person is like, \"Oh, I know somebody who may be able to help you.\"", "0ZDDHWma30I-00958-00366322-00366621": "Then they introduce me to somebody else.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00959-00366621-00366864": "That's kind of how I made my way around campus.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00960-00366864-00367638": "Supraja: I'd like to add a different perspective to this, because it's a lot of research oriented", "0ZDDHWma30I-00961-00367638-00367790": "stuff, advisors.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00962-00367790-00368497": "I'm from a professional program, as such, so we don't have advisors assigned to us.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00963-00368497-00368984": "I'm not even sure if we have like assigned mentors as such.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00964-00368984-00369582": "But we have the set of professors who take classes regularly for us.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00965-00369582-00369929": "Each semester, they take at least one course for us.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00966-00369929-00370354": "It's important to establish relationships with those professors, because they have professional", "0ZDDHWma30I-00967-00370354-00370881": "friends outside as well who can...They can direct you to them or they can give you profession", "0ZDDHWma30I-00968-00370881-00371206": "advice as well.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00969-00371206-00371684": "Because they have experience outside academics.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00970-00371684-00372640": "Then, another big part of your relationship with faculty is faculty have office hours", "0ZDDHWma30I-00971-00372640-00372821": "assigned for each course.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00972-00372821-00373174": "You should make sure you go to those office hours.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00973-00373174-00374142": "It may not be about the subject, you can ask about the general area that you're interested", "0ZDDHWma30I-00974-00374142-00374242": "in.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00975-00374242-00374676": "Or maybe you can approach them about a certain idea you have and you want to research more", "0ZDDHWma30I-00976-00374676-00374827": "on.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00977-00374827-00375206": "You can ask if he can help you give more directions to us.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00978-00375206-00375306": "That's very important.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00979-00375306-00375422": "Officers are very important.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00980-00375422-00375990": "A lot of people religiously write down those office hours, but they never go.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00981-00375990-00376121": "I used to do that as well.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00982-00376121-00376460": "But then I realized the importance of office hours.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00983-00376460-00377103": "Paula: Taking action and going to office hours when they're not necessarily a need of a particular", "0ZDDHWma30I-00984-00377103-00377245": "question, but to establish relationships.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00985-00377245-00377682": "Other sorts of things that you can think of creating those relationships.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00986-00377682-00378359": "Katy: I find, in general, that if you go before whenever your concern is a crisis is the best", "0ZDDHWma30I-00987-00378359-00378459": "way.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00988-00378459-00379070": "That it's very hard to establish long-term relationships with people if the only time", "0ZDDHWma30I-00989-00379070-00379306": "you see them is when you're in crisis.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00990-00379306-00379707": "Not that your mentor won't be very important to you when you are in a crisis.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00991-00379707-00379920": "Kyle: Not that crises are all that common.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00992-00379920-00380248": "Katy: Not that everybody has multiple crises.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00993-00380248-00380824": "It's important to reframe smaller problems away from crisis, because the language of", "0ZDDHWma30I-00994-00380824-00381540": "crisis is pretty [inaudible 01:03:37] , but I found that I am really nervous when I feel", "0ZDDHWma30I-00995-00381540-00381906": "like things aren't going well, so I'm not best self.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00996-00381906-00382268": "That's not great conditions for me to meet people out there.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00997-00382268-00382538": "The speaker series has been important for me.", "0ZDDHWma30I-00998-00382538-00383206": "I go to different Rackham events and connect with students first and then use that if the", "0ZDDHWma30I-00999-00383206-00383411": "faculty seems intimidating.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01000-00383411-00383762": "It's sometimes easier to go through the graduate student that you know already works with that", "0ZDDHWma30I-01001-00383762-00384738": "faculty and ask, could you drop my name, and that sort of softens the beach, so to speak,", "0ZDDHWma30I-01002-00384738-00385001": "to making those connections.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01003-00385001-00385462": "Even if you aren't comfortable sort of cold going to office hours...There are a lot of", "0ZDDHWma30I-01004-00385462-00385952": "people who are willing to give advice about how to navigate those relationships, you just", "0ZDDHWma30I-01005-00385952-00386126": "have to be brave enough to ask.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01006-00386126-00386417": "Supraja: I have a point to add onto that.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01007-00386417-00386922": "When we were talking about graduates to her coordinators and how it is important to establish", "0ZDDHWma30I-01008-00386922-00387458": "a personal relationship with your coordinator, I know a lot of the students who, the graduate", "0ZDDHWma30I-01009-00387458-00388053": "students who are having the coordinators that are after them about filling a survey or submitting", "0ZDDHWma30I-01010-00388053-00388170": "your resumes on there.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01011-00388170-00388587": "But a lot of them do it in the last minute.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01012-00388587-00388800": "They have to be behind those people.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01013-00388800-00389313": "But when they have something that they need, like this letter that needs to be posted to", "0ZDDHWma30I-01014-00389313-00390012": "some company or reference or something, they go and go talk to the coordinator and think", "0ZDDHWma30I-01015-00390012-00390374": "that the coordinator's going to be like that, they're going to get the stuff done.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01016-00390374-00390938": "But when you have this personal relationship, when you're prompt in replying to their emails,", "0ZDDHWma30I-01017-00390938-00391622": "it's human nature, they're more willing to help you.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01018-00391622-00392311": "It's always important that you don't go only when you have a crisis.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01019-00392311-00392894": "You should always have this smooth, regular interaction with your faculty and coordinators.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01020-00392894-00393376": "Chukwuka: I think it's just a point to note as well, that a lot of the methods that we're", "0ZDDHWma30I-01021-00393376-00393795": "talking about in terms of forming these relationships are on ground, you would have to be here.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01022-00393795-00394268": "But I think you can even try and start forming those by sending an email right now to a professor", "0ZDDHWma30I-01023-00394268-00394554": "or faculty that you're interested in working with.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01024-00394554-00395108": "My experience is that they've been very receptive to that, responsive as well.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01025-00395108-00395589": "Even if that is not particularly the case, because all faculty and all students and everyone", "0ZDDHWma30I-01026-00395589-00395919": "here in the university is busy, because everyone's got a lot of things to do.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01027-00395919-00396365": "I would just say don't let that be a discouraging factor, obviously, you just keep going and", "0ZDDHWma30I-01028-00396365-00396465": "keep trying.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01029-00396465-00396936": "Kristye: Sometimes I found that you may have to send a few emails.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01030-00396936-00397327": "Not to the point where you become annoying, but just so that you can keep a presence.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01031-00397327-00397846": "Because some people -- we all get an overwhelming amount of emails.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01032-00397846-00398461": "If you can just drop a follow up email, a lot of times that does work, because people", "0ZDDHWma30I-01033-00398461-00398613": "check their emails and then they forget.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01034-00398613-00399035": "But then, if you follow up with them, they remember, \"You know what, I need to respond", "0ZDDHWma30I-01035-00399035-00399135": "to this student.\"", "0ZDDHWma30I-01036-00399135-00399235": "Katy: That's important.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01037-00399235-00399335": "[crosstalk]", "0ZDDHWma30I-01038-00399335-00399462": "Paula: I want to just jump in for a second.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01039-00399462-00399909": "You had mentioned, Chuky, about doing some, \"Before you get here\" sort of behavior.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01040-00399909-00400520": "Are there other things that you guys did before you entered, before you were on ground, as", "0ZDDHWma30I-01041-00400520-00400738": "you put, before you got here?", "0ZDDHWma30I-01042-00400738-00400892": "Kyle: I took a vacation.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01043-00400892-00400992": "[laughter]", "0ZDDHWma30I-01044-00400992-00401817": "Kyle: I came, most recently, from Nashville and drove up with all my things, just threw", "0ZDDHWma30I-01045-00401817-00402756": "everything into my apartment and, I think, a day later, just went on a 10-day vacation.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01046-00402756-00403399": "I went to the beach in South Carolina, and saw some of my family and saw some of my friends.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01047-00403399-00403918": "Not as a farewell tour, but more as a way to just reboot.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01048-00403918-00404733": "I had just finished about three years of working, I just really wanted that time to step away", "0ZDDHWma30I-01049-00404733-00405358": "and reflect a bit, and also relax and recharge my batteries, knowing that I was going to", "0ZDDHWma30I-01050-00405358-00405949": "be going into a pretty intensive transition period and a rigorous program here.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01051-00405949-00406343": "I also wanted to be really hot, when the cold came, I would appreciate that as well.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01052-00406343-00406829": "I wanted to be just as hot and humid as I could get, so I found it in South Carolina.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01053-00406829-00407554": "But I thought that was really great, just to have a little bit of time.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01054-00407554-00408051": "Not everyone's going to have that luxury, but if you can carve out a little bit of time,", "0ZDDHWma30I-01055-00408051-00408606": "I think, in August, before things really get going around Labor Day, I would really recommend", "0ZDDHWma30I-01056-00408606-00408706": "doing that.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01057-00408706-00408897": "Supraja: Yeah, that's important as well.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01058-00408897-00409132": "Do you want to go first?", "0ZDDHWma30I-01059-00409132-00409232": "[crosstalk]", "0ZDDHWma30I-01060-00409232-00409345": "Supraja: Yeah, that's important.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01061-00409345-00409834": "Then checking into minor details like housing, which I never did.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01062-00409834-00410300": "I came here and I had to search for housing, that's important.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01063-00410300-00410708": "Then, looking up into your insurance, especially for international students.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01064-00410708-00411315": "In some countries, there's no concept of insurance, unless you really want to, you will take insurance.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01065-00411315-00411575": "Otherwise, you don't need insurance.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01066-00411575-00412094": "That's a surprising detail that a lot of them don't -- just flies off their head.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01067-00412094-00412263": "You should check into that.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01068-00412263-00412942": "Then international students, again...I'm kind of talking on the perspective of an international", "0ZDDHWma30I-01069-00412942-00413589": "student, make sure you have all the stuff you need, like clothes.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01070-00413589-00414183": "If you need some medical supplies, like medicines, prescriptions, that need to be filled, make", "0ZDDHWma30I-01071-00414183-00414672": "sure you have that, so that when you come here, you're not in a situation where it's", "0ZDDHWma30I-01072-00414672-00414822": "kind of difficult.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01073-00414822-00415072": "Paula: Those are great suggestions.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01074-00415072-00415601": "In fact, I think you're backing up some of the things that were said in the international", "0ZDDHWma30I-01075-00415601-00415977": "panel, so we'll make sure we link to that so that we get that out.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01076-00415977-00416193": "I think they're particular things for international students, too.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01077-00416193-00416337": "You were going to say something?", "0ZDDHWma30I-01078-00416337-00416437": "Miguel: Yeah.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01079-00416437-00416810": "[inaudible 01:09:34] was very helpful to contact that person that was studying the same that", "0ZDDHWma30I-01080-00416810-00416939": "I did.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01081-00416939-00417171": "I just asked him a lot of questions.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01082-00417171-00417393": "First, I felt like, I don't know, like so excited.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01083-00417393-00418015": "I said, \"Oh, I'm just asking stupid questions, basic questions,\" but they are the types of", "0ZDDHWma30I-01084-00418015-00418231": "things that everybody are asking themselves.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01085-00418231-00418430": "He was very helpful for me.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01086-00418430-00418885": "He helped me just saying things like, \"If you take this class and this class and this", "0ZDDHWma30I-01087-00418885-00419027": "class, you will make it.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01088-00419027-00419325": "You should take another one, because it's work.\"", "0ZDDHWma30I-01089-00419325-00419807": "That was a very good insight and I think if you have another question, you could ask another", "0ZDDHWma30I-01090-00419807-00420068": "student that he will give you a lot of advice.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01091-00420068-00420702": "Kristye: I came up here a month before school started, so I was here July, well, almost", "0ZDDHWma30I-01092-00420702-00420896": "two months before school started.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01093-00420896-00421157": "It's not only important to contact people about logistical things like where you're", "0ZDDHWma30I-01094-00421157-00421271": "going to live and things like that.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01095-00421271-00421671": "But it's also important, I'm sure many of you moved here without family.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01096-00421671-00421973": "It's also important to make those social connections.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01097-00421973-00422588": "Before I came here, I emailed other minority students in my program, so that we could meet", "0ZDDHWma30I-01098-00422588-00422746": "and greet before we got here.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01099-00422746-00422996": "Because I didn't have anybody else here.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01100-00422996-00423244": "I think that that's important as well.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01101-00423244-00423709": "Katy: I think that it's really easy when the school year gets started, especially the people", "0ZDDHWma30I-01102-00423709-00424150": "that you see all the time, your fellow graduate students...My program's really small, there's", "0ZDDHWma30I-01103-00424150-00424383": "only 10 of us, total.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01104-00424383-00424701": "It was very easy to slip into all school talk, all the time.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01105-00424701-00425553": "It was important, and we try and do it every year, to have a day where we talk, as humans.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01106-00425553-00426050": "Where we go to the beach or we go to the park and school talk is sort of off limits, so", "0ZDDHWma30I-01107-00426050-00426318": "that you know who these people are as people.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01108-00426318-00426760": "Because it's really easy to lose sight of that, especially when there are things that", "0ZDDHWma30I-01109-00426760-00427172": "are really important, like about this class, to recognize that these are people that they", "0ZDDHWma30I-01110-00427172-00427384": "have families, they have lives, they like certain music.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01111-00427384-00427959": "To be able to connect on things that are other than your immediate discipline can be really", "0ZDDHWma30I-01112-00427959-00428076": "enriching later on.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01113-00428076-00428176": "[crosstalk]", "0ZDDHWma30I-01114-00428176-00428438": "Kyle: Off the topic of things to do in advance, but it's important.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01115-00428438-00429148": "I have a cohort of nine people, you do spend almost all of your waking hours around some", "0ZDDHWma30I-01116-00429148-00429296": "people from that cohort.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01117-00429296-00429766": "But we [inaudible 01:11:43] things as well, so we also make a point of once a month doing", "0ZDDHWma30I-01118-00429766-00430000": "a potluck dinner or something.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01119-00430000-00430478": "We appoint a referee, because, inevitably, we get into talking shop about different professors", "0ZDDHWma30I-01120-00430478-00430857": "in the class that semester say, \"We're not talking about that.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01121-00430857-00431006": "What's the last movie that you saw?", "0ZDDHWma30I-01122-00431006-00431259": "Please, talk about anything that's not...\"", "0ZDDHWma30I-01123-00431259-00431359": "[crosstalk]", "0ZDDHWma30I-01124-00431359-00431598": "Kyle: Those are really good community building times, too.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01125-00431598-00432002": "Supraja: Yeah, those are really the important ones, I think.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01126-00432002-00432645": "Because, to be surrounded by your own classmates, you don't get a new perspective.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01127-00432645-00433367": "When you meet new people, you get, \"Oh, this is happening,\" kind of feeling.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01128-00433367-00434059": "One more thing about socializing is that a lot of students tend to stick...For example,", "0ZDDHWma30I-01129-00434059-00434500": "I'm an international student from India and I tend to stick to...I've never done that", "0ZDDHWma30I-01130-00434500-00435042": "personally, but I know a lot of people who tend to stick to people from their own country,", "0ZDDHWma30I-01131-00435042-00435201": "and don't mingle with...", "0ZDDHWma30I-01132-00435201-00435726": "That kind of limits the experience that Ann Arbor has to offer.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01133-00435726-00436277": "We can experience so much diversity, so much new experiences.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01134-00436277-00437005": "I think when we do that, we miss out on a lot of things that we will remember way later", "0ZDDHWma30I-01135-00437005-00437117": "in life.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01136-00437117-00437404": "It's important to mingle, is what I had said.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01137-00437404-00437842": "Paula: You mentioned some things you do for fun, sports, we know that's [inaudible 01:13:08]", "0ZDDHWma30I-01138-00437842-00438328": ". Are there other things you'd say that you really look forward to or great ways that", "0ZDDHWma30I-01139-00438328-00438935": "you find are ways to have fun here in Ann Arbor that we haven't talked about?", "0ZDDHWma30I-01140-00438935-00439520": "Supraja: I am a part of the Ann Arbor Rowing Club, which is not part of the University", "0ZDDHWma30I-01141-00439520-00439634": "of Michigan.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01142-00439634-00440055": "University of Michigan has a rowing team as well, but I've never been a part of it.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01143-00440055-00440682": "I joined this summer, learned to row, and I'm a part of the novice team right now.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01144-00440682-00440880": "I'm actually going to race next weekend.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01145-00440880-00441029": "That's kind of exciting.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01146-00441029-00441769": "I'm no pro, but it's tough to do, nice tough to do.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01147-00441769-00442284": "I'm interning and then a good break would be to go for a rowing class in the evenings.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01148-00442284-00442513": "I get to meet a lot of different people.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01149-00442513-00443204": "Now I get, not only to meet students, but people who live lives, which are apart from", "0ZDDHWma30I-01150-00443204-00443682": "University of Michigan, who teach at Ann Arbor schools and work at...", "0ZDDHWma30I-01151-00443682-00443782": "[crosstalk]", "0ZDDHWma30I-01152-00443782-00444195": "Kristye: I signed up for MeetUp.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01153-00444195-00444414": "It's a website.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01154-00444414-00444872": "I get an email every week, just telling me what MeetUp groups are going on.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01155-00444872-00445372": "It's different areas, so food and drink or club or religious affiliations.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01156-00445372-00446139": "I peruse that every week to see what's going on, and then make my decisions from there.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01157-00446139-00446282": "Paula: That's cool.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01158-00446282-00446730": "Katy: I actually have a writing group that I meet with that meets off campus.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01159-00446730-00446978": "I'm the only one doing academic writing.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01160-00446978-00447422": "Actually, everybody else is writing science fiction and fantasy novels.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01161-00447422-00447821": "But it's sort of nice to have a place where I still feel like I'm working, but it's in", "0ZDDHWma30I-01162-00447821-00448084": "a coffee shop and I'm not in the library.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01163-00448084-00448436": "I'm going to also give a plug for the Ann Arbor Libraries.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01164-00448436-00448886": "They have a really great library system with great talks and authors.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01165-00448886-00449464": "I find it really helpful to read things that aren't for school, that I am...", "0ZDDHWma30I-01166-00449464-00449587": "Paula: That's crazy.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01167-00449587-00449710": "Katy: Crazy time.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01168-00449710-00450055": "But I had a pretty difficult first year.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01169-00450055-00450453": "When I got here I sort of felt like everybody else was working all of the time, so I needed", "0ZDDHWma30I-01170-00450453-00450557": "to work all the time.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01171-00450557-00451034": "I used to keep this notebook full of books that other people referenced, which in the", "0ZDDHWma30I-01172-00451034-00451276": "Humanities is a pretty big deal.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01173-00451276-00451763": "Then, if I had any spare time, I would start reading things on that list and it got to", "0ZDDHWma30I-01174-00451763-00452082": "the point where I wasn't doing anything else.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01175-00452082-00452607": "I really had to stop this summer afterwards and take stock of what I was doing.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01176-00452607-00453114": "I actually have a firm cutoff time that I don't do work after a certain point, around", "0ZDDHWma30I-01177-00453114-00453380": "certain days, or for certain weeks.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01178-00453380-00453811": "It makes me more productive, because I'm excited about that vacation, I want to be able to", "0ZDDHWma30I-01179-00453811-00453911": "stop.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01180-00453911-00454520": "But it helps me feel like I am a real person, because you can, very much, let your identity", "0ZDDHWma30I-01181-00454520-00454863": "be some sort of subsumed under your...", "0ZDDHWma30I-01182-00454863-00455539": "It can lead to really great work, but sometimes at pretty great cost.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01183-00455539-00455984": "Finding whatever structures you need to feel a little bit of balance...", "0ZDDHWma30I-01184-00455984-00456280": "Supraja: I think that's a very important point.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01185-00456280-00456380": "[crosstalk]", "0ZDDHWma30I-01186-00456380-00456946": "Natalie: I just wanted to mention that you're talking about this -- we'll definitely get", "0ZDDHWma30I-01187-00456946-00457088": "to your point.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01188-00457088-00457742": "Everyone around you is working very hard, you're at Michigan, the best and the brightest.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01189-00457742-00457848": "Kyle: Leaders and best.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01190-00457848-00457982": "Natalie: Leaders and best, sorry.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01191-00457982-00458722": "I wanted to hear from other people about how that realization came about for you and how", "0ZDDHWma30I-01192-00458722-00459192": "did you manage that, because I think it can be a difficult thing.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01193-00459192-00459457": "Supraja: That is exactly what I was going to add on, too.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01194-00459457-00459557": "Natalie: Perfect.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01195-00459557-00460198": "Supraja: It's a kind of glow on your self-confidence, in the sense...You constantly think that people", "0ZDDHWma30I-01196-00460198-00460894": "are better than you, you're not doing your best, you're not putting your best foot forward.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01197-00460894-00461372": "It goes to a point that instead of focusing on what's important, it's the fears that you", "0ZDDHWma30I-01198-00461372-00461472": "focus on, \"Oh, my God.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01199-00461472-00461757": "I'm not doing this, I'm not doing this.\"", "0ZDDHWma30I-01200-00461757-00462326": "You should think that 4.0 GPA is not the only thing you are here for.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01201-00462326-00462651": "You are here for a lot of things.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01202-00462651-00462809": "You should focus on all.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01203-00462809-00463017": "You should have this right balance.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01204-00463017-00463446": "You should always be confident about your abilities.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01205-00463446-00463992": "You might not get the best grade in your class, but it does not mean that you have no skills", "0ZDDHWma30I-01206-00463992-00464092": "at all.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01207-00464092-00464497": "You have some of the skills, which are way better than the others in your class.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01208-00464497-00465052": "You should capitalize on your skills, on your plus points.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01209-00465052-00465789": "When you do that, you enjoy your entire experience, it's not like this whole, depressing stretch.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01210-00465789-00466296": "Like she said, my first year was very difficult in the sense that I was thinking, \"Oh, my", "0ZDDHWma30I-01211-00466296-00466396": "God.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01212-00466396-00466496": "I'm such a loser.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01213-00466496-00466715": "I don't know anything about the subject.\"", "0ZDDHWma30I-01214-00466715-00467214": "Math was really difficult for me, though I did an undergrad degree in math.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01215-00467214-00467359": "Math was really difficult.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01216-00467359-00468037": "But now I understand that I might not be good at math, but I'm really good at business courses", "0ZDDHWma30I-01217-00468037-00468797": "and my communication skills are good, so I should concentrate on those so that I going", "0ZDDHWma30I-01218-00468797-00468909": "forward I do better.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01219-00468909-00469069": "Kyle: That's what I did.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01220-00469069-00469187": "Oh, go ahead.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01221-00469187-00469682": "Chukwuka: It's kind of reiterating some of the points, but there's a term for this, it's", "0ZDDHWma30I-01222-00469682-00469807": "called imposter syndrome.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01223-00469807-00470264": "I think it's prevalent at any higher education institution.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01224-00470264-00470855": "It's just something that you really need to kind of step back, breathe, and say, \"Everyone", "0ZDDHWma30I-01225-00470855-00471073": "has some type of struggle at some point.\"", "0ZDDHWma30I-01226-00471073-00471490": "Graduate school is a sign way that goes up and down, there are high points, there are", "0ZDDHWma30I-01227-00471490-00471590": "difficult points.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01228-00471590-00471714": "But at the end of it, it's always...", "0ZDDHWma30I-01229-00471714-00471814": "Kyle: You're still here.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01230-00471814-00472165": "Chukwuka: You're still here and you're working towards a degree, just like everyone else.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01231-00472165-00472376": "It's just important to keep that perspective.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01232-00472376-00472890": "Any time you start to feel overwhelmed, which you will at some point in your graduate career.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01233-00472890-00473471": "But it is not the end of the world, you should have a support group that you can go to to", "0ZDDHWma30I-01234-00473471-00473838": "discuss these things, get yourself out of a funk, and keep going.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01235-00473838-00474255": "If you have that there, it's only temporary.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01236-00474255-00474967": "Kyle: What I've told new students coming in is that you know that our faculty people here", "0ZDDHWma30I-01237-00474967-00475226": "are very smart and insightful.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01238-00475226-00475539": "I said if you're on an admissions committee, they don't make mistakes.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01239-00475539-00476013": "Everyone who's here belongs here, deserves to be here, and has something to offer.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01240-00476013-00476573": "I also advise them to...One thing that I've found out was when I have those [inaudible", "0ZDDHWma30I-01241-00476573-00477121": "01:19:36] moments, I go back and look at my application to come here.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01242-00477121-00477221": "[crosstalk]", "0ZDDHWma30I-01243-00477221-00477573": "Kyle: ...my Statement of Purpose and then my personal statement and I remind myself", "0ZDDHWma30I-01244-00477573-00477867": "of why did I get into this?", "0ZDDHWma30I-01245-00477867-00477967": "[crosstalk]", "0ZDDHWma30I-01246-00477967-00478344": "Kyle: Every time I read it, I just sort of, \"Oh, right, I came for those three things", "0ZDDHWma30I-01247-00478344-00478496": "and I'm doing that.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01248-00478496-00478775": "I'm doing a pretty good job and I'm still here.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01249-00478775-00479282": "Let me just take hope from some of my original motivation.\"", "0ZDDHWma30I-01250-00479282-00479882": "You can kind of lose sight of that in the mix of things that you're being asked to do.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01251-00479882-00480475": "But to go back, your foundational principles for this whole enterprise is really important,", "0ZDDHWma30I-01252-00480475-00480575": "too.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01253-00480575-00481189": "Miguel: I think you can get from graduate school what you want.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01254-00481189-00481563": "You have to work hard and you have to work with your colleagues.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01255-00481563-00482005": "You have to do your best, and then feel at the end of the class [inaudible 01:20:30]", "0ZDDHWma30I-01256-00482005-00482105": "with their grade.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01257-00482105-00482205": "That's fine.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01258-00482205-00482421": "If you get what you want, and if you get the skills that you are needed to nurture for", "0ZDDHWma30I-01259-00482421-00482876": "your life, in order to prove your ability for the future, it's fine.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01260-00482876-00483462": "It depends up to you what kind of resource or what kind of objective you want to get", "0ZDDHWma30I-01261-00483462-00483613": "from here.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01262-00483613-00483961": "Yeah, getting an A plus is not always important.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01263-00483961-00484113": "It's more important to really learn what's...", "0ZDDHWma30I-01264-00484113-00484213": "[crosstalk]", "0ZDDHWma30I-01265-00484213-00484615": "Paula: Go ahead, Kristye, because you had something you had suggested last time that", "0ZDDHWma30I-01266-00484615-00484758": "was real helpful.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01267-00484758-00485357": "Kristye: I was going to say that it's hard sometimes when you find yourself studying", "0ZDDHWma30I-01268-00485357-00485807": "and not getting the returns back on your studying.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01269-00485807-00486373": "You may invest several hours into studying for an exam or writing a paper, something", "0ZDDHWma30I-01270-00486373-00486803": "of that nature, and then you don't get the grade that you anticipate getting.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01271-00486803-00487129": "I know my program is very competitive.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01272-00487129-00487534": "It sometimes can be competitive amongst each other.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01273-00487534-00488122": "I always have to remind myself, and you all may have read this before in a book called", "0ZDDHWma30I-01274-00488122-00488222": "The Four Agreements.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01275-00488222-00488459": "One of the things is to always do your best.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01276-00488459-00488882": "I always have to remind myself to just do my best and my best does not look like everybody", "0ZDDHWma30I-01277-00488882-00489253": "else's best, but I know that I did what I could.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01278-00489253-00489874": "It kind of released the stress of feeling like I'm not doing as good as everybody else,", "0ZDDHWma30I-01279-00489874-00490096": "because I'm doing what I can do.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01280-00490096-00490538": "I know that my, as somebody already said, what I do may be better than what somebody", "0ZDDHWma30I-01281-00490538-00490888": "else can do for their skill set, but then they have something that's better for them,", "0ZDDHWma30I-01282-00490888-00491151": "that they can do.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01283-00491151-00491422": "Paula: You had talked about the reading load.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01284-00491422-00491634": "One time you had shared that.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01285-00491634-00492246": "I don't know if you're willing to share that approach you take, because I think it helps", "0ZDDHWma30I-01286-00492246-00492346": "people understand the realities.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01287-00492346-00492792": "Kyle: I can only speak for my own program, but imagine the people in the social science", "0ZDDHWma30I-01288-00492792-00493289": "that many are like it in that we have a statistics sequence that we go through, but there are", "0ZDDHWma30I-01289-00493289-00494075": "also courses that are much more content-based, in my case higher education.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01290-00494075-00494803": "We can look at a syllabus, and there are far more pages for a week of reading than you", "0ZDDHWma30I-01291-00494803-00495330": "think are feasible to get through, and you're right.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01292-00495330-00496155": "I think over the first year you need to figure out the best way for you to read, and the", "0ZDDHWma30I-01293-00496155-00496416": "best way for you to contribute to your colleagues.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01294-00496416-00497088": "I think the way that we broke it down when we last spoke was there are six pretty dense", "0ZDDHWma30I-01295-00497088-00497455": "articles that I'm expected to read for a course.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01296-00497455-00497953": "I'm probably going to really focus on three of them, and take a lot of notes and think", "0ZDDHWma30I-01297-00497953-00498231": "them through and think about connections across them.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01298-00498231-00498650": "Then on two of them I'll read through them.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01299-00498650-00499140": "I probably won't go as in depth and spend as much time with them.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01300-00499140-00500007": "One, I'll know what it's about and have a few marginal notes.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01301-00500007-00500417": "As you get a sense of what's in front of you, you can say these are the things that I'm", "0ZDDHWma30I-01302-00500417-00501082": "really most passionate about, and then these couple of things seem relevant, and this I'm", "0ZDDHWma30I-01303-00501082-00501503": "not sure is going to be that helpful in getting me to what I want to know, but I know that", "0ZDDHWma30I-01304-00501503-00501873": "someone will care a lot about this and help me understand it better.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01305-00501873-00502413": "If you really invest yourself in those three, and then you have a good working knowledge", "0ZDDHWma30I-01306-00502413-00503144": "of two, and then you have one where you just take the hit, that really helps you move through.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01307-00503144-00503726": "I don't think that you need to go through all 500 pages of whatever that is and fill", "0ZDDHWma30I-01308-00503726-00504065": "them with red ink, with all your notes, everything you ever learned, and things you're never", "0ZDDHWma30I-01309-00504065-00504483": "going to have time, even in a three hour class session, to get through.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01310-00504483-00504806": "Not that it's all about performing in class.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01311-00504806-00505521": "It's about identifying what are the most important parts of this week for you to help meet your", "0ZDDHWma30I-01312-00505521-00506110": "own learning objectives, and to where you can also contribute to the educational environment,", "0ZDDHWma30I-01313-00506110-00506832": "and to not ruin yourself trying to be all things every day, because that will burn you", "0ZDDHWma30I-01314-00506832-00506942": "out real quick.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01315-00506942-00507417": "Katy: I do just want to point out that there's the imposter syndrome that I think almost", "0ZDDHWma30I-01316-00507417-00507971": "everybody feels at certain points, and then there's also legitimate mental health concerns.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01317-00507971-00508507": "One of the great things about this campus is that there's an amazing mental health network", "0ZDDHWma30I-01318-00508507-00508609": "through various services.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01319-00508609-00509060": "There's one called CAPS that's in the union...", "0ZDDHWma30I-01320-00509060-00509188": "Kyle: What does that stand for?", "0ZDDHWma30I-01321-00509188-00509584": "Katy: The Counseling and Psychological Services, where you can walk in at any time and speak", "0ZDDHWma30I-01322-00509584-00510092": "to someone on a right now basis, or on a maybe I can reach them next week basis.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01323-00510092-00510587": "There's also a psych clinic closer to this end of campus that you can see.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01324-00510587-00511103": "I actually was in a dissertation support group that was less like therapy and more like,", "0ZDDHWma30I-01325-00511103-00511288": "here are some of the problems that people have focusing.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01326-00511288-00511951": "It was an eight week how do I get through this massive beast of a thing called dissertation,", "0ZDDHWma30I-01327-00511951-00512153": "from a mental health perspective.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01328-00512153-00512682": "It was really freeing for me to realize that everybody felt what I was feeling to some", "0ZDDHWma30I-01329-00512682-00513132": "degree, but there were people who were feeling what I was feeling to the degree I was, and", "0ZDDHWma30I-01330-00513132-00513721": "there was help for me and people who understood that.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01331-00513721-00514246": "Most everybody in graduate school at Michigan understands that this is a high pressure,", "0ZDDHWma30I-01332-00514246-00514851": "high stress situation that not everybody's ready to jump into that right away and that", "0ZDDHWma30I-01333-00514851-00515251": "there's going to be points where you might need more help than other times and that there's", "0ZDDHWma30I-01334-00515251-00515484": "a network already in place for you here.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01335-00515484-00515821": "You are not the first one to sit at home and need help.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01336-00515821-00515959": "Paula: Thanks for bringing that up, Katy.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01337-00515959-00516520": "There are a number of things...You mentioned Sweetland right at the beginning, of writing", "0ZDDHWma30I-01338-00516520-00516620": "support.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01339-00516620-00516859": "Mental health support, statistical support actually right here at Rackham.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01340-00516859-00517336": "There are a lot of things that you will be made aware of when you get here.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01341-00517336-00517657": "We'll also have links to that, and at fall welcome there will be a lot of representatives", "0ZDDHWma30I-01342-00517657-00517942": "form those organizations here too so you can get an overview.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01343-00517942-00518073": "Natalie: For sure.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01344-00518073-00518598": "I think that's one of the things that a lot of students mention about U of M proper.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01345-00518598-00518948": "It's that there are so many resources here.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01346-00518948-00519528": "There seems to be almost something to support your every need.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01347-00519528-00519723": "It's a little bit of an exaggeration.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01348-00519723-00520196": "I think it's good to know that they're there, but it's also good to know that it's OK to", "0ZDDHWma30I-01349-00520196-00520388": "take advantages of resources.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01350-00520388-00520529": "You would agree with that.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01351-00520529-00520740": "Because that's what they're there for.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01352-00520740-00521056": "Yeah, we'll definitely have some links in this transcript.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01353-00521056-00521338": "Paula: We're getting to the end of our time.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01354-00521338-00521438": "Am I accurate?", "0ZDDHWma30I-01355-00521438-00521538": "Natalie: Yes.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01356-00521538-00521659": "Paula: My clock matches your clock.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01357-00521659-00522065": "A couple things that had come up when we were talking about doing this call, to shake it", "0ZDDHWma30I-01358-00522065-00522168": "out and talk about it.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01359-00522168-00522780": "Some of the things that you'll hear when you get here, like the Diag, the Big House is", "0ZDDHWma30I-01360-00522780-00522880": "our football stadium.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01361-00522880-00523234": "Is anyone willing to share what this means?", "0ZDDHWma30I-01362-00523234-00523435": "Does anyone know?", "0ZDDHWma30I-01363-00523435-00523535": "[crosstalk]", "0ZDDHWma30I-01364-00523535-00524076": "Katy: If you're from Michigan, people will use this to orient you within the state.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01365-00524076-00524574": "We'll use a double because they don't want to forget the Upper Peninsula.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01366-00524574-00525003": "But for instance, if I were to tell people where I'm from, I say I'm from here, just", "0ZDDHWma30I-01367-00525003-00525330": "outside of Detroit, I go to school here, my family is from up here...", "0ZDDHWma30I-01368-00525330-00525430": "Paula: Because the state of Michigan looks like...", "0ZDDHWma30I-01369-00525430-00525621": "Katy: Because the state of Michigan is a hand.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01370-00525621-00525721": "Kyle: It's a mitten.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01371-00525721-00526152": "Katy: When people will say, \"Oh yeah, it's in Kalamazoo,\" they'll gesture to their hand", "0ZDDHWma30I-01372-00526152-00526340": "without thinking about it.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01373-00526340-00526440": "That's sort of a thing.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01374-00526440-00526844": "Supraja: I just found out yesterday.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01375-00526844-00526981": "[laughter]", "0ZDDHWma30I-01376-00526981-00527117": "[crosstalk]", "0ZDDHWma30I-01377-00527117-00527740": "Paula: Any other sorts of things that you think they'll be fresh off the train, bus,", "0ZDDHWma30I-01378-00527740-00528034": "flight and it might be helpful to know?", "0ZDDHWma30I-01379-00528034-00528526": "Chukwuka: One of the first things that someone told me when I came to campus was a lot of", "0ZDDHWma30I-01380-00528526-00528686": "M, the Michigan M, plastered around campus.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01381-00528686-00529021": "On the ground, little plaques and everything.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01382-00529021-00529474": "Apparently, you're not supposed to step on them before your first exam.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01383-00529474-00529574": "[laughter]", "0ZDDHWma30I-01384-00529574-00530099": "Katy: But there is a way to break that curse if you accidentally do it.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01385-00530099-00531101": "It involves running between Rackham and the undergraduate library before the clock strikes", "0ZDDHWma30I-01386-00531101-00531498": "12, which means you have to do it at noon.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01387-00531498-00531598": "I'm sorry.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01388-00531598-00531986": "I guess just avoid it unless you're a really fast sprinter.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01389-00531986-00532796": "Kyle: Fresh off the plane you also might hear about Ypsi and wonder if that's a real word.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01390-00532796-00533394": "It's not, but it is shorthand for the town next door to us, Ypsilanti, which is home", "0ZDDHWma30I-01391-00533394-00533519": "to Eastern Michigan University.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01392-00533519-00534071": "It's a little odd that we're the University of Michigan and just 10 miles down the road", "0ZDDHWma30I-01393-00534071-00534436": "is Eastern Michigan University.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01394-00534436-00535040": "I would also say that downtown Ypsi is also a good place to get out of Ann Arbor and try", "0ZDDHWma30I-01395-00535040-00535165": "some different things.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01396-00535165-00535640": "It's a different vibe there, but it's a good place as well.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01397-00535640-00535939": "Supraja: We have a lot of colleges that are in Ann Arbor.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01398-00535939-00536319": "University of Michigan is not the only university in town.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01399-00536319-00536686": "We have community colleges and small law colleges around.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01400-00536686-00537271": "There's this Washtenaw Community College which offers a lot of courses about practical skills", "0ZDDHWma30I-01401-00537271-00537371": "like...", "0ZDDHWma30I-01402-00537371-00537702": "I know this friend of mine who took motor biking classes.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01403-00537702-00538351": "He took classes for two days and then he got the license for motor biking.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01404-00538351-00538517": "You can find things like that.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01405-00538517-00539007": "Paula: Washtenaw is right between Eastern and Michigan, so it's right in between.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01406-00539007-00539198": "Kyle: We are Washtenaw County.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01407-00539198-00539321": "It's a mouthful.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01408-00539321-00539792": "Paula: We're in the Eastern time zone.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01409-00539792-00540086": "I'm just going to say that.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01410-00540086-00540213": "People always question it.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01411-00540213-00540373": "Depending where you're coming from.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01412-00540373-00540588": "Supraja: The mall is beyond the South University.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01413-00540588-00540741": "It is the Briarwood Mall.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01414-00540741-00541380": "It's the biggest mall around Ann Arbor.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01415-00541380-00541609": "It has most stuff you need.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01416-00541609-00542469": "Chukwuka: I'd also like to add the league and the union refer to the Michigan League", "0ZDDHWma30I-01417-00542469-00542652": "and the Michigan Union.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01418-00542652-00542834": "They're two different buildings.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01419-00542834-00543342": "You can probably explain it a little bit better, because I've only been to them two or three", "0ZDDHWma30I-01420-00543342-00543442": "times.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01421-00543442-00544017": "Katy: The Michigan Union has...Both of them are big buildings with gathering spaces, with", "0ZDDHWma30I-01422-00544017-00544175": "meeting spaces, with ballroom.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01423-00544175-00544882": "They also always have fast foot in the basement, if you're hungry.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01424-00544882-00545410": "The League is the one that was only open for women.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01425-00545410-00545977": "Originally the Union was for men only, so they built the League so ladies could congregate.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01426-00545977-00546536": "I feel a specially affinity to the League.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01427-00546536-00546983": "The speech that founded the Peace Corps was given on the steps of the Michigan Union by", "0ZDDHWma30I-01428-00546983-00547109": "John F. Kennedy.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01429-00547109-00547513": "There's a lot of cool history around the buildings.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01430-00547513-00547963": "I would recommend that actually...They don't do an orientation tour for grad students,", "0ZDDHWma30I-01431-00547963-00548314": "but there are tours available through the admissions office.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01432-00548314-00548869": "I've seen people tag onto campus day tours just to get a sense, because there's a lot", "0ZDDHWma30I-01433-00548869-00549159": "of history of the campus that you don't get any other way.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01434-00549159-00549603": "If there's a chance to take a campus tour, I would say do it so you can learn about the...", "0ZDDHWma30I-01435-00549603-00549756": "Kyle: I'll quickly toss in on that.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01436-00549756-00550071": "We have a new president who's coming in.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01437-00550071-00550964": "President Coleman just retired from that position, and a new President Schlissel is arriving.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01438-00550964-00551390": "We'll have a big event here on September 5th, which is inauguration.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01439-00551390-00552017": "There will be hundreds of academic officials from across the country and around the world", "0ZDDHWma30I-01440-00552017-00552284": "who will come here for that event.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01441-00552284-00552840": "That will be a ticketed event, but I think that will be also open for students, everyone", "0ZDDHWma30I-01442-00552840-00553050": "else, in the main auditorium on Campus Hill.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01443-00553050-00553257": "There will be a big celebration for that.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01444-00553257-00553782": "That will be a historic moment for the university, just our first week of class back.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01445-00553782-00553992": "Paula: That's a beautiful way to end this.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01446-00553992-00554092": "Natalie: It is.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01447-00554092-00554192": "That's very nice.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01448-00554192-00554371": "We are at our time.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01449-00554371-00554996": "Maybe we could end with something that you'll probably hear a little bit, especially if", "0ZDDHWma30I-01450-00554996-00555423": "you go to a football game, is \"Go Blue.\"", "0ZDDHWma30I-01451-00555423-00555557": "If we could say goodbye to everyone by saying \"Go Blue\" I would appreciate it.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01452-00555557-00555692": "On the count of three.", "0ZDDHWma30I-01453-00555692-00555804": "One, two, three...", "0ZDDHWma30I-01454-00555804-00555915": "Group: Go Blue!", "0ZDDHWma30I-01455-00555915-00556102": "Paula: We'll see you soon."}}, {"audio_id": "0ad5Z7gDHWQ", "text": {"0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00000-00000009-00000470": "If you're still in Champion Select, Kindred can pretty much dodge what he has to hit you and will have enough reaction time", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00001-00000470-00000652": "to ult while he uses his.", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00002-00000652-00000981": "Warwick will be tankier and have more lifesteal at pretty much any time in the game, while", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00003-00000981-00001342": "Rengar's invisibility will allow him to strike and kill before he can do much.", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00004-00001342-00001692": "Rek'Sai, Elise and Gragas have interesting matchups versus him because of their increased", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00005-00001692-00001855": "escapability and hard CC.", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00006-00001855-00002238": "Kayn's passive allows him to change forms between a blue and a red one, based on whether", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00007-00002238-00002609": "he's damaged (NOT KILLED) more ranged or melee Champions respectively.", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00008-00002609-00002986": "The Blue form will burn enemies after damaging them, and makes him a squishy assassin, while", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00009-00002986-00003342": "the red form makes him a tanky bruiser and will heal him when he hits abilities.", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00010-00003342-00003508": "His Q is a Dash and Flourish.", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00011-00003508-00003810": "His W makes him perform an upward sweep after a short delay.", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00012-00003810-00004073": "He can't move while casting it, unless he's in his blue form.", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00013-00004073-00004346": "If he's in the red one, it'll knock up the enemies that get hit.", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00014-00004346-00004578": "His E allows him to literally move through walls.", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00015-00004578-00004924": "If he's in his blue form, then he'll also remove slows and become immune to them for", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00016-00004924-00005024": "the duration.", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00017-00005024-00005360": "This ability allows him to use some interesting ganking paths and will force you to place", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00018-00005360-00005696": "wards in weird places to prevent him from showing up and surprise you.", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00019-00005696-00006028": "His Ultimate makes him infest an enemy becoming untargetable for the duration and reactivating", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00020-00006028-00006128": "it brings him out dealing damage.", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00021-00006128-00006228": "Blue form means longer range.", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00022-00006228-00006357": "Red form means healing when he comes out.", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00023-00006357-00006769": "A large percentage will turn into the red Kayn due to the tank meta we're in and his", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00024-00006769-00007459": "combo will most likely look like this: Q, AA, W, AA, Q, AA, Ulti", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00025-00007459-00007879": "Like with most junglers, he'll take the smite flash combo and so will you if you're a jungler.", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00026-00007879-00008211": "It's much more worth it for you to take the red smite versus him if he's in his blue form,", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00027-00008211-00008438": "since he can just cleanse the blue one and take the blue smite if he's in his red form", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00028-00008438-00008564": "to gain some distance and prevent him chasing you.", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00029-00008564-00008907": "Kayn has a few interesting power spikes: 3 is when he'll start ganking, 6 is when he'll", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00030-00008907-00009171": "start dealing damage and 9 is when he'll start killing.", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00031-00009171-00009482": "Finishing up the jungle item and his black cleaver is when he's at his strongest point", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00032-00009482-00009646": "in regard to the rest of the players.", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00033-00009646-00009879": "His next power spike is obvious and it comes from his transformation, which will make him", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00034-00009879-00009979": "start playing rather differently.", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00035-00009979-00010260": "He's strongest in the mid to late game when he can really delete and focus whoever he", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00036-00010260-00010360": "wants in any form.", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00037-00010360-00010689": "Thank you for tuning in, good luck in your match and remember: Ward behind terrain if", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00038-00010689-00011036": "you're a laner, don't panic when he's infested you since you have 2 seconds to think about", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00039-00011036-00011413": "what to do and understand that he'll go for anyone in his red form but will take his time", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00040-00011413-00011786": "to bring him down, and becomes restricted to squishies in his blue form but will KO", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00041-00011786-00011886": "them quick.", "0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00042-00011886-00011996": "Ultimately just have fun doing it."}}, {"audio_id": "0aJZaQg219o", "text": {"0aJZaQg219o-00000-00000088-00000640": "Hello Guys I'm Going To Show You How To Solve A Rubik's Cube Okay You See Here.", "0aJZaQg219o-00001-00000736-00002984": "First Two Swipes Two Sides To The Top Two Swipes Two Side Two Straight To The Bottom Repeat.", "0aJZaQg219o-00002-00003304-00003536": "Please Make Sure To Like And Subscribe To My Channel.", "0aJZaQg219o-00003-00003992-00004042": "Done.", "0aJZaQg219o-00004-00004328-00005064": "This Is My First Rubik's Cube Video Please Make Sure To Tike And Subscribe My Channel Bye."}}, {"audio_id": "0abUw-VKgju", "text": {"0abUw-VKgju-00000-00000000-00000168": "Subscribe !!! Please !!!", "0abUw-VKgju-00001-00000314-00000514": "Subscribe !!! Please !!!", "0abUw-VKgju-00002-00000514-00000632": "Subscribe !!! Please !!!", "0abUw-VKgju-00003-00000632-00000758": "Subscribe !!! Please !!!", "0abUw-VKgju-00004-00000844-00001011": "Subscribe !!! Please !!!", "0abUw-VKgju-00005-00001011-00001136": "Subscribe !!! Please !!!"}}, {"audio_id": "0bmOngkYVzo", "text": {"0bmOngkYVzo-00000-00001773-00002886": "Hello, my name is Shiva Prasad, I am professor of physics, in Physics Department of Indian", "0bmOngkYVzo-00001-00002923-00003622": "Institute of Technology IIT, Bombay. And have a pleasure to introduce some lectures on special", "0bmOngkYVzo-00002-00003798-00004498": "theory of relativity. I do not think that as far as social impact is concerned, any", "0bmOngkYVzo-00003-00004535-00005178": "discovery of physics had such a great impact as special theory of relativity. The relation", "0bmOngkYVzo-00004-00005178-00005771": "e is equal to mc square, had essentially become a common name, almost everyone associates", "0bmOngkYVzo-00005-00005771-00006292": "Einstein with e is equal to mc square. There have been t shirts, they have been so many", "0bmOngkYVzo-00006-00006292-00006811": "things designed with e is equal to mc square, even if you ask a layman, who do not know", "0bmOngkYVzo-00007-00006811-00007333": "anything of physics, probably would have heard of equation e is equal to mc square, that", "0bmOngkYVzo-00008-00007333-00008033": "was the impact of theory of relativity. Now, in this particular lecture, I will start,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00009-00008070-00008770": "with an introduction of special theory of relativity, would like to mention why it become", "0bmOngkYVzo-00010-00008854-00009504": "necessary or why it become important for us to discard some of the old concepts of classical", "0bmOngkYVzo-00011-00009504-00010147": "physics. And eventually land up into the theory which is called a special theory of relativity", "0bmOngkYVzo-00012-00010147-00010778": "or to be more general- theory of relativity. So, we will be discussing some of these concepts.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00013-00010778-00011275": "Then will actually go to the formalism, of special theory of relativity, we will mention", "0bmOngkYVzo-00014-00011275-00011784": "what is special theory of relativity? What are the postulates? And how does it change", "0bmOngkYVzo-00015-00011784-00012384": "our perception of the nature. After that we will try to work out few examples, try to", "0bmOngkYVzo-00016-00012384-00013084": "explain, the intricacies of what? Einstein postulated, then will go to some other concepts,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00017-00013344-00013932": "which are somewhat more abstract concepts, like concepts of four vectors, and eventually", "0bmOngkYVzo-00018-00013932-00014454": "land up into mass energy relationship e is equal to mc square, which as I have said just", "0bmOngkYVzo-00019-00014454-00015154": "now had a very great impact on almost everyone. Finally we would like to discuss, the transformation", "0bmOngkYVzo-00020-00015379-00016015": "of electric and magnetic field, and that is where our course would end. So, this is in", "0bmOngkYVzo-00021-00016015-00016637": "a brief, the course of action that we will be doing, as far as this particular course", "0bmOngkYVzo-00022-00016637-00016806": "is concerned.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00023-00016806-00017381": "Now before I start let me introduce some concepts, which are short of very common concepts in", "0bmOngkYVzo-00024-00017381-00017998": "the classical physics. And one of the most, important things that we have to understand", "0bmOngkYVzo-00025-00017998-00018698": "is what we call as frame of reference. I would like to spend few minutes to explain this", "0bmOngkYVzo-00026-00019476-00020175": "concept, because my impression has been that many of the high school children are fairly", "0bmOngkYVzo-00027-00020175-00020875": "confused about this particular concept. Also they try to mix up observations from various", "0bmOngkYVzo-00028-00020901-00021576": "angles, so let us first understand, what I actually mean, by a frame of reference. Well", "0bmOngkYVzo-00029-00021576-00022184": "the name sounds big, but actually the concept is very simple, whenever we are trying to", "0bmOngkYVzo-00030-00022184-00022709": "make some measurements, trying to understand, trying to speed, to measure the speed, or", "0bmOngkYVzo-00031-00022709-00023258": "acceleration, or for that matter, any dynamical quantities. We should be very clear who is", "0bmOngkYVzo-00032-00023258-00023643": "observing, and where this particular observer is situated.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00033-00023643-00024343": "So, I assume that there is a person, which is sitting with a watch, and some measure", "0bmOngkYVzo-00034-00024351-00025051": "instruments, and has capability of measuring distances, time, and therefore, speed accelerations,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00035-00025368-00026068": "etcetera, and this particular observer is fixed, in a given place, wherever we are trying", "0bmOngkYVzo-00036-00026158-00026827": "to observe. As we will seen is very soon in the some of the examples, the perception can", "0bmOngkYVzo-00037-00026827-00027490": "be quite different, depending upon where, this observer is sitting, or where this observer", "0bmOngkYVzo-00038-00027490-00028190": "is located. So, effectively the person, who is making an observation wherever he is sitting,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00039-00028214-00028914": "we call that particular place as the frame of reference, let me just take few examples.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00040-00028958-00029227": "Let me first explain this little more formally.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00041-00029227-00029927": "So, this is what I have written, for making observation about motion, one has to fix the", "0bmOngkYVzo-00042-00029939-00030527": "position of the observer, this is what I have mentioned just now. We can assume, that a", "0bmOngkYVzo-00043-00030527-00031089": "set of axes, to which the observer is permanently attached. We assume that there is exist set", "0bmOngkYVzo-00044-00031089-00031450": "of axes, so we know what is x coordinate, we know what is y coordinate, we know what", "0bmOngkYVzo-00045-00031450-00032083": "is z coordinate, and he has all the methods of measuring all these coordinates. We call", "0bmOngkYVzo-00046-00032083-00032516": "such set of axes, as a frame of reference.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00047-00032516-00033102": "Let us take an example here. I have shown a sort of cart, which can assume something", "0bmOngkYVzo-00048-00033102-00033714": "like a train compartment, and something which is like a observer, which is sitting on the", "0bmOngkYVzo-00049-00033714-00034302": "ground, this is something, which is very commonly seen, in everyday life. Let us assume that", "0bmOngkYVzo-00050-00034302-00035002": "is observer, which is sitting here east or north, and this is a train which is moving,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00051-00035063-00035675": "to the right hand side, with a velocity v, as being observed by this particular observer", "0bmOngkYVzo-00052-00035675-00036213": "sitting on the ground, which I am calling as S. I assume that this particular observer", "0bmOngkYVzo-00053-00036213-00036913": "has a clock here, has a measure instrument. I assume that there is another observer, which", "0bmOngkYVzo-00054-00036989-00037593": "is fixed in to this particular train compartment. Let us suppose he is sitting on the particular", "0bmOngkYVzo-00055-00037593-00038208": "one of the seats, this particular observer also has a watch, and has also a measuring", "0bmOngkYVzo-00056-00038208-00038712": "instruments, but he is permanently fixed in that particular reference, and we assumed", "0bmOngkYVzo-00057-00038712-00039174": "that he has all the capabilities, of measuring the distance, remaining fixed in that particular", "0bmOngkYVzo-00058-00039174-00039839": "frame of reference. Now I call this particular frame S, this particular", "0bmOngkYVzo-00059-00039839-00040539": "set of axes, and this particular observer has a frame S, I call this as frame S prime.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00060-00040577-00041215": "S is the common perception, this particular observer feels, that this train is going towards", "0bmOngkYVzo-00061-00041215-00041720": "the right hand side, with a velocity v; that is what we have just now told, but what will", "0bmOngkYVzo-00062-00041720-00042119": "be the perception of this particular person which is fixed in to this particular train", "0bmOngkYVzo-00063-00042119-00042674": "compartment, this is a very common thing , I thing many of us in our children , I mean", "0bmOngkYVzo-00064-00042674-00043091": "our childhood, would have ask the question to our parents, when we are moving in a train;", "0bmOngkYVzo-00065-00043091-00043637": "see I see all this trains moving backwards, why they are moving backwards, excepting this", "0bmOngkYVzo-00066-00043637-00044102": "similar way this particular person would feel, that this particular observer S is moving", "0bmOngkYVzo-00067-00044102-00044802": "backwards with a velocity v. He does not percept, he does not perceive his own velocity, but", "0bmOngkYVzo-00068-00044831-00045368": "he perceives, that this particular observer S is moving backwards, with a velocity v.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00069-00045368-00045938": "So, what we are saying, is that perception, differs on frame of reference.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00070-00045938-00046588": "So, this is what I have written; each observer has a measuring tool, and set of axes, drawn", "0bmOngkYVzo-00071-00046588-00047288": "at the location, and the perception of the speed, is different for two observers. So,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00072-00047302-00047927": "I think we should be now clear that, whenever we are defining a speed, defining a distance,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00073-00047927-00048570": "defining a velocity, I fix particular observer, who have given place, which we call as a frame", "0bmOngkYVzo-00074-00048570-00049039": "of a reference, and we should never confused between the concepts of the frame of the reference.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00075-00049039-00049607": "We should be clear, when I say this is the speed of the particular object, who is measuring", "0bmOngkYVzo-00076-00049607-00050143": "that speed, where is that particular observer located, or in other words, what is the frame", "0bmOngkYVzo-00077-00050143-00050550": "of the reference, with respect to which these measurements are being made.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00078-00050550-00051150": "So, we have to very clear, we cannot mix up, the speed measured by one frame; one observer", "0bmOngkYVzo-00079-00051150-00051558": "in one frame, from the one which is being measured by another observer, in a different", "0bmOngkYVzo-00080-00051558-00052177": "frame, so we should be clear about this particular concept. Once we have understood the concept", "0bmOngkYVzo-00081-00052177-00052801": "of frame of reference, now let us review little bit, the classical laws of motion, and which", "0bmOngkYVzo-00082-00052801-00053501": "I would like to start with Newton’s law.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00083-00054142-00054640": "The normal text book will normally we define, we generally give three different laws of", "0bmOngkYVzo-00084-00054640-00055180": "motion of Newton, but what, when I say Newton’s law here, I would generally mean the second", "0bmOngkYVzo-00085-00055180-00055811": "law, because that what is considered as the most fundamental law of Newton, which assist", "0bmOngkYVzo-00086-00055811-00056511": "test that force is equal to mass into acceleration. Before I come to this law, let me first go,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00087-00056907-00057607": "to the old concept of, what is a natural state of motion. If you go to the old time, very", "0bmOngkYVzo-00088-00057657-00058357": "old time, we always thought, that the rest is the natural state of motion. This was not", "0bmOngkYVzo-00089-00058463-00058970": "very difficult to understand why people thought it that particular time; that the rest is", "0bmOngkYVzo-00090-00058970-00059622": "natural state of motion, because we always find, things to be stationary. Our observation", "0bmOngkYVzo-00091-00059622-00060096": "is of course, at that time was fairly limited, and whenever we are see; for example, this", "0bmOngkYVzo-00092-00060096-00060796": "particular pen, it is stationary. If I have to make it move, I have to apply a force,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00093-00060812-00061396": "then only it moves. So, it appears that rest is natural state", "0bmOngkYVzo-00094-00061396-00062096": "of motion, because even if moves, after some time out again it stops. So, probably every", "0bmOngkYVzo-00095-00062102-00062802": "object, likes to stay in stationary state. This particular observation was, believed", "0bmOngkYVzo-00096-00062879-00063579": "by large number people, until Galileo, when we had more results of astronomical objects,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00097-00063707-00064407": "and we found, that seems that lot of astronomical objects, which seem to be moving, at least", "0bmOngkYVzo-00098-00064414-00065114": "as in my earth, or as in my observer earth, without apparently any force of them. So,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00099-00065172-00065872": "if as postulated by Galileo, and later put as first law of motion by Newton; saying that", "0bmOngkYVzo-00100-00066054-00066713": "it is not at the rest, but a constant velocity v, which is a natural state of motion, puts", "0bmOngkYVzo-00101-00066713-00067413": "when you say v by v v v a vector v, which means the magnitude as well as the direction.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00102-00067479-00068179": "So, what postulated by Galileo and later by Newton is that, it is the velocity the constant", "0bmOngkYVzo-00103-00068189-00068889": "velocity, which is the natural state of motion, and not really the rest. In fact, rest can", "0bmOngkYVzo-00104-00068929-00069560": "be perceived differently by different observer, as I have just now mentioned in the given", "0bmOngkYVzo-00105-00069560-00070224": "example. Therefore, what is natural, is having a constant velocity, and why this particular", "0bmOngkYVzo-00106-00070224-00070867": "objects stops for example, when I give it a force is not because that the rest is a", "0bmOngkYVzo-00107-00070867-00071376": "natural state, but because of the fact, that this force of this particular paper, which", "0bmOngkYVzo-00108-00071376-00072076": "makes it stop. Had this particular frictional force not been present, this particular object", "0bmOngkYVzo-00109-00072151-00072628": "would have kept on moving. So, this is something which was a total different,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00110-00072628-00073274": "or total change in our conception, when we realized, that the constant velocity is the", "0bmOngkYVzo-00111-00073274-00073813": "natural state of motion, and not just the rest. And then we come to the Newton second", "0bmOngkYVzo-00112-00073813-00074450": "law, we says, that in case this natural state of motion has to be changed, it means if the", "0bmOngkYVzo-00113-00074450-00074925": "velocity has to be changed, either in magnitude or in direction, then the force has to be", "0bmOngkYVzo-00114-00074925-00075588": "applied. So, force would result in to an acceleration, which essentially means, a change of velocity,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00115-00075588-00076288": "actually acceleration is given by, define as dv dt, where t is the time. If we differentiate", "0bmOngkYVzo-00116-00076775-00077313": "velocity with respect to time, we get in to an acceleration, and this acceleration is", "0bmOngkYVzo-00117-00077313-00077781": "given by the force, which we applied to the bottom. So, this is what I have written in", "0bmOngkYVzo-00118-00077781-00078277": "some of the next transparencies, let us just look at this.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00119-00078277-00078862": "We have said a natural state of motion, Galileo and Newton emphasized, that it is constant", "0bmOngkYVzo-00120-00078862-00079469": "velocity, and not rest, which is a natural state of motion, when there is no real force", "0bmOngkYVzo-00121-00079469-00079679": "acting on the body.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00122-00079679-00080242": "Now let me come to this concept of what we mean by a real force. In classical mechanics,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00123-00080242-00080925": "which actually is a result of Arsudan Newton’s third law of motion; all the real forces occur", "0bmOngkYVzo-00124-00080925-00081625": "in pair, let me try to explain, what I mean by this concept of a pair. If a particular", "0bmOngkYVzo-00125-00081670-00082370": "body is experiencing a real force, according to the classical mechanics, there has to be", "0bmOngkYVzo-00126-00082424-00083037": "another body, which must be exhorting a force on that particular body. And the body which", "0bmOngkYVzo-00127-00083037-00083618": "is exhorting the force on this particular body must also be experiencing equal and opposite", "0bmOngkYVzo-00128-00083618-00083711": "force.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00129-00083711-00084404": "Let us consider two bodies, and let us take a simple example of a gravitational force.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00130-00084404-00084979": "So, when I say; for example, this could be earth, or this could be any other heavy object,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00131-00084979-00085533": "and this is a small object. We know that there is a gravitational force, which pulls this", "0bmOngkYVzo-00132-00085533-00086221": "particular object towards this. So, this particular object experience as a force F, towards this", "0bmOngkYVzo-00133-00086221-00086921": "body, because of the gravity. What I am saying, is that this cannot a force and isolation,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00134-00087054-00087602": "if this body is experiencing, is exhorting a force on this particular body, in the result,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00135-00087602-00088263": "as a result, this particular body will also a experiencing force, which is equal and opposite.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00136-00088263-00088963": "Of course, these two forces act on two different body, this particular force is exerted this", "0bmOngkYVzo-00137-00089002-00089575": "particular body, the same force equal and opposite exerted on the other body. So, there", "0bmOngkYVzo-00138-00089575-00090094": "are always forces, which are occurring a pair, and they are equal in magnitude, and opposite", "0bmOngkYVzo-00139-00090094-00090794": "in direction, this is what we mean by a forces, real forces always occur in pair. So for example,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00140-00090927-00091513": "if I drop a body on the earth, this is going down or this accelerating down, because the", "0bmOngkYVzo-00141-00091513-00092171": "force of gravitation, cause by earth, then this earth is also be attracted towards its", "0bmOngkYVzo-00142-00092171-00092527": "body, by the equal amount of force, in an opposite direction.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00143-00092527-00093063": "The only thing is earth is so big, that the small force, would hardly have any results,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00144-00093063-00093763": "or resultant change in the motion of the earth, but this body having a small mass, would experiencing", "0bmOngkYVzo-00145-00093838-00094538": "a much larger acceleration. Similarly if you have two chargers, let say q 1 and q 2, and", "0bmOngkYVzo-00146-00094952-00095404": "there is electro static force between them. If q 1 is attracting, let us suppose they", "0bmOngkYVzo-00147-00095404-00095952": "are opposite charges, so there is an attraction force. So, this particular charge, is attracting", "0bmOngkYVzo-00148-00095952-00096496": "this particular charge by a force F. This charge must also be attracted towards its", "0bmOngkYVzo-00149-00096496-00097196": "particular charge by the same force F, so all these real forces occur in pair. We do", "0bmOngkYVzo-00150-00097329-00097912": "not say a real force, we just act on one body, without having another body on that, causing", "0bmOngkYVzo-00151-00097912-00098510": "this particular force. Now the second statement which I make is that classical mechanics we", "0bmOngkYVzo-00152-00098510-00099168": "can see, that as the distance between these two bodies, which are interacting, increases", "0bmOngkYVzo-00153-00099168-00099370": "the force on this bodies decreased.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00154-00099370-00100070": "In fact, as we can, we are quite aware, that gravitational force, and also electro static", "0bmOngkYVzo-00155-00100101-00100713": "force, who is has one upon r square, is proportion to one upon r square, where r is the distance,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00156-00100713-00101273": "between the two bodies. It means if I increase the distance between these two bodies, if", "0bmOngkYVzo-00157-00101273-00101723": "I make this body further off, the force of gravitation between these two bodies were", "0bmOngkYVzo-00158-00101723-00102358": "go down, as one upon r square. Similarly if I make charges go away, then the force on", "0bmOngkYVzo-00159-00102358-00102972": "these two bodies will decrease, as one upon r square. So, these are the two statement", "0bmOngkYVzo-00160-00102972-00103472": "which I have making, in this particular transparencies. In this particular transparency, that in classical", "0bmOngkYVzo-00161-00103472-00104113": "mechanics real forces occurs in pair, and result from interaction of two bodies, and", "0bmOngkYVzo-00162-00104113-00104813": "their magnitude decays, as the distance between the interacting body increases. Now we come", "0bmOngkYVzo-00163-00104844-00105544": "to the concept, of what you called as a isolated object. If you can imagine, that I can take", "0bmOngkYVzo-00164-00105560-00106260": "one particular object, really far off from all other objects, then we can assume, that", "0bmOngkYVzo-00165-00106290-00106949": "this particular object would not be experiencing any real force. to be more précised particularly,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00166-00106949-00107517": "as the distance of this particular object increases, or tends to infinity, from all", "0bmOngkYVzo-00167-00107517-00108005": "other objects, then the force tends to zero.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00168-00108005-00108705": "And that is what, I have written an isolated object, thus expected, not to have any real", "0bmOngkYVzo-00169-00108730-00109276": "force acting on it. Therefore, if there is no real force, then whatever we have said", "0bmOngkYVzo-00170-00109276-00109903": "about laws of motion. Then in principle this particular object, should not be having any", "0bmOngkYVzo-00171-00109903-00110603": "force on this. And therefore, should be moving with constant velocity. But just now we have", "0bmOngkYVzo-00172-00110700-00111400": "said that the velocity depends on the perception of the observer, so we will define some frames", "0bmOngkYVzo-00173-00111633-00112222": "of references which we call as inertial frames.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00174-00112222-00112855": "Inertial frames are those, in which this isolated object, appears to be moving with constant", "0bmOngkYVzo-00175-00112855-00113350": "velocity. So, let me read this particular statement; a frame of reference in which an", "0bmOngkYVzo-00176-00113350-00113999": "isolated object, which implies, that it experiences no real force, is found to move with the constant", "0bmOngkYVzo-00177-00113999-00114621": "velocity, is called an inertial frame of reference. Of course, it means that there could be some", "0bmOngkYVzo-00178-00114621-00115252": "frames of references, in this particular object, would be found accelerating. Those frame of", "0bmOngkYVzo-00179-00115252-00115625": "references are special frame of references, about which I would not be talking, as far", "0bmOngkYVzo-00180-00115625-00116074": "as this particular course is concerned, because this course, is actually a course on special", "0bmOngkYVzo-00181-00116074-00116592": "theory of relativity, and the word special here means, that we are dealing, only with", "0bmOngkYVzo-00182-00116592-00117197": "those frames of references, which are inertial, which we always assume, that our observer", "0bmOngkYVzo-00183-00117197-00117853": "is sitting in a frame of reference, in which an isolated object is found to move with a", "0bmOngkYVzo-00184-00117853-00118267": "constant velocity. Off course, again I remind, when I say constant velocity, it means both", "0bmOngkYVzo-00185-00118267-00118927": "magnitude and direction, not just the magnitude, no way velocity is a vector quantity.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00186-00118927-00119472": "So, let me make this statement, there may not be only one inertial frame of reference,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00187-00119472-00120155": "there could be infinite number of inertial frame of references. They may measure different", "0bmOngkYVzo-00188-00120155-00120734": "velocity for the same object, which I am assuming to be an isolated object. Their velocities", "0bmOngkYVzo-00189-00120734-00121257": "could be different, but what I am assisting, that if the frames of reference have to be", "0bmOngkYVzo-00190-00121257-00121813": "inertial, then all of them will observe the velocity of that particular object, to be", "0bmOngkYVzo-00191-00121813-00122279": "constant, not very varying time. Of course, the magnitude of velocity could be different", "0bmOngkYVzo-00192-00122279-00122963": "for different frames, the example which I have just given, is assuming, is quite clear,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00193-00122963-00123477": "that depending upon how will where our observer is sitting, the velocity measure could be", "0bmOngkYVzo-00194-00123477-00124177": "different. So, what we have said, that out of all these velocities, though velocity could", "0bmOngkYVzo-00195-00124247-00124936": "be different, but they will always find the magnitude, and the direction of the velocity", "0bmOngkYVzo-00196-00124936-00125201": "to be same. I make a further statement, that we have inertial", "0bmOngkYVzo-00197-00125201-00125704": "frames of reference, different inertial frames of reference, then if all of them are inertial,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00198-00125704-00126171": "then the relative velocity between them, also have to be constant, as a function of time,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00199-00126171-00126784": "what it means, that if I have set a axis like this, and I have another set of axis like", "0bmOngkYVzo-00200-00126784-00127484": "this, and there is a object, this observer S, observes this particular object, and finds", "0bmOngkYVzo-00201-00127639-00128321": "it to be moving with constant velocity. Similarly this observer S prime, also observe this object,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00202-00128321-00129003": "and finds it to be moving with constant velocity, then the speed of S and S prime, the relative", "0bmOngkYVzo-00203-00129003-00129552": "velocity between them, has also to be constant, because if it varies, then they cannot both", "0bmOngkYVzo-00204-00129552-00130252": "observe, the object to be having the same, I mean to be having a constant velocity. As", "0bmOngkYVzo-00205-00130325-00130967": "I mentioned that we shall assume that this course, unless specifically mention, observations", "0bmOngkYVzo-00206-00130967-00131526": "are made, only inertial frame references, and whenever we are talking about the force,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00207-00131526-00132039": "we are always assuming that the forces are real, that was the typical of special theory", "0bmOngkYVzo-00208-00132039-00132586": "of relativity, as I mentioned, that special word means, it deals only with special sets", "0bmOngkYVzo-00209-00132586-00132960": "of frames, which are inertial frames of references.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00210-00132960-00133585": "Now, in this particular transparency, I have again described Newton’s law of motion,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00211-00133585-00134255": "which had mentioned, somewhat earlier, that a force is responsible, for changing the state", "0bmOngkYVzo-00212-00134255-00134942": "of motion, by causing the body to accelerate, and this is given by this equation F is equal", "0bmOngkYVzo-00213-00134942-00135617": "to ma; remember this is a factor equation. If I apply a force F, and m is the mass of", "0bmOngkYVzo-00214-00135617-00136265": "the object, this particular object would accelerate, with an acceleration a, given by this Newton’s", "0bmOngkYVzo-00215-00136265-00136535": "law of motion.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00216-00136535-00137235": "I make another statement, which I would like now to prove, saying that, as far as Newton", "0bmOngkYVzo-00217-00137303-00138003": "law of motion is concerned, which I have just written as that F is equal ma. It makes no", "0bmOngkYVzo-00218-00138279-00138960": "difference, where our observer is sitting so long, he is sitting, he or she is sitting", "0bmOngkYVzo-00219-00138960-00139660": "in a inertial frame, what I mean to say that this particular law, F is equal to ma, will", "0bmOngkYVzo-00220-00139719-00140353": "be valid, in all inertial frames of reference. Let us just understand this particular thing", "0bmOngkYVzo-00221-00140353-00140884": "little bit more, because we have just now said that velocity is different in different", "0bmOngkYVzo-00222-00140884-00141584": "frames. Let us understand how it is so happens, that this particular law is frame independent.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00223-00141653-00142269": "It means, irrespective of which frame am observing, this law would be still valid. Let me just", "0bmOngkYVzo-00224-00142269-00142550": "take an example here.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00225-00142550-00143250": "Here, what have drawn, are two sets of axes; one is a blue set of axes, which is am calling", "0bmOngkYVzo-00226-00143335-00143933": "is as S prime, another set of axes, which are sort of red set of axes, which are am", "0bmOngkYVzo-00227-00143933-00144633": "calling as. It has its own set of axes, for example this is x prime, y prime, and z prime.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00228-00144666-00145366": "This has x y and z. I assume both these set of axes, are representing inertial frames.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00229-00145930-00146454": "Let us assume that there is a object here, which of course, could be, stationary moving", "0bmOngkYVzo-00230-00146454-00147138": "or in general accelerating, or may be accelerating with the constant acceleration, or varying", "0bmOngkYVzo-00231-00147138-00147714": "acceleration, I make no particular assumption, as far as the motion of this particular object", "0bmOngkYVzo-00232-00147714-00148414": "is concerned. Only thing I am assuming, that S and S prime are inertial frames. Now let", "0bmOngkYVzo-00233-00148492-00149154": "us freeze the situation at a given time, and at a given time, the observation is made by", "0bmOngkYVzo-00234-00149154-00149771": "both the observers, in S and S prime, about their position.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00235-00149771-00150355": "This observer, red observer which I am calling as frame S, observes the position vector of", "0bmOngkYVzo-00236-00150355-00151055": "this particular object to be R t, this is what I have written here R t, at the same", "0bmOngkYVzo-00237-00151074-00151741": "time, because the original observer S prime is here, he measures a different position", "0bmOngkYVzo-00238-00151741-00152441": "vector, which I am calling as R prime t. So, their position vectors are different, as we", "0bmOngkYVzo-00239-00152478-00153044": "change the frame of reference. Of course, we can very easily see from the standard vector", "0bmOngkYVzo-00240-00153044-00153716": "algebra, that if the original of this particular frame S prime, is located at the position", "0bmOngkYVzo-00241-00153716-00154416": "vector of R. here with respect to the origin of S frame, then this R t must be given by", "0bmOngkYVzo-00242-00154666-00155204": "this R t plus R prime t. If I have to reach from particular point to this particular point,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00243-00155204-00155672": "I can go this way, and then this way, and will reach this particular point. So, this", "0bmOngkYVzo-00244-00155672-00156372": "vector R t can be written, as sum of capital R t plus R prime t. So, this I thing should", "0bmOngkYVzo-00245-00156472-00157172": "be clear, that R and r prime would be different, when I change my frame of reference, the position", "0bmOngkYVzo-00246-00157189-00157753": "vectors should be different, because their origins are in general different.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00247-00157753-00158453": "Now, this is what I have written, in this particular transparency. This is the same", "0bmOngkYVzo-00248-00158474-00158898": "equation which I written in the last transparency. We have said that all these things depend", "0bmOngkYVzo-00249-00158898-00159569": "on time, because I have forcing the situation at a given time. As time changes this position", "0bmOngkYVzo-00250-00159569-00159988": "vector R will also change, this will also change, this will also change, because everything", "0bmOngkYVzo-00251-00159988-00160688": "is dynamic, they are moving. Now suppose I want to evaluate, their speeds, I must measure", "0bmOngkYVzo-00252-00160799-00161362": "in the given time, how much position vector has changed, and to be very precise, I must", "0bmOngkYVzo-00253-00161362-00161885": "differentiate with respect to time. So, I differentiate this speed to time, of course,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00254-00161885-00162286": "I assume here this particular thing without, making too much of comment at this particular", "0bmOngkYVzo-00255-00162286-00162983": "point, that the time measured by the two observers in an S and S prime is same. So, when I differentiate", "0bmOngkYVzo-00256-00162983-00163683": "I write d dt, I do not write t and t prime separately, of r t must be equal to d dt of", "0bmOngkYVzo-00257-00163703-00164313": "capital R t plus d dt of r prime t. So, all have done is differentiated this equation", "0bmOngkYVzo-00258-00164313-00164741": "with respect to time. And I can recognize this particular quantity,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00259-00164741-00165215": "once I take the derivative with respect to time, this particular quantity is nothing", "0bmOngkYVzo-00260-00165215-00165808": "but the velocity of the object, so left hand side here, is the velocity of the object.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00261-00165808-00166503": "Here is the velocity of the origin of S prime with respect S, so this I am writing as the", "0bmOngkYVzo-00262-00166503-00167103": "v not, v not is the velocity of the origin of S prime, with respect to the origin of", "0bmOngkYVzo-00263-00167103-00167803": "S observer. This particular quantity, because this observation r prime is being made, in", "0bmOngkYVzo-00264-00167839-00168294": "the prime frame of the reference, or blue frame of reference, then I differentiate this", "0bmOngkYVzo-00265-00168294-00168805": "with respect to time, I will get the velocity of the object, as will be determined, or will", "0bmOngkYVzo-00266-00168805-00169328": "be measured by an observer in S prime frame of reference. So, from this equation I get", "0bmOngkYVzo-00267-00169328-00169866": "v of t is equal to v not plus v prime of t. The only thing you have noticed, I have not", "0bmOngkYVzo-00268-00169866-00170321": "put here this as the function of t, because just now I have said, that the both these", "0bmOngkYVzo-00269-00170321-00170853": "frames of references, are inertial frames, their relative velocity cannot depend on time;", "0bmOngkYVzo-00270-00170853-00171266": "therefore, this v not has to be constant.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00271-00171266-00171842": "Now I differentiate this particular equation once more with respect to time. So, I have", "0bmOngkYVzo-00272-00171842-00172515": "vt is equal to v naught plus v prime t. I know except the same thing, what I did earlier.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00273-00172515-00173049": "I differentiate with respect to time both this equations. Once I differentiate velocity", "0bmOngkYVzo-00274-00173049-00173494": "with respect to time, all of you know, I will land up in to what is called acceleration", "0bmOngkYVzo-00275-00173494-00173999": "of the object. So, this particular quantity on left hand side, will give me the acceleration", "0bmOngkYVzo-00276-00173999-00174699": "of the object, as is being seen by an observer in s frame. Similarly this particular quantity,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00277-00174850-00175453": "because this v is, which is v prime is differentiated with respect to time, will give me the acceleration", "0bmOngkYVzo-00278-00175453-00176060": "of the object, s is being measured in the s prime frame of the reference. I assist that", "0bmOngkYVzo-00279-00176060-00176603": "this quantity will be 0, because v naught is the constant at the function of time; therefore,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00280-00176603-00176847": "a must be equal to a prime.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00281-00176847-00177539": "So, we have come to a very important result that though velocity is the frame dependent", "0bmOngkYVzo-00282-00177539-00178169": "quantity, but acceleration is not. So, once I change the frame of reference, velocities", "0bmOngkYVzo-00283-00178169-00178710": "of the same object, being measured by 2 observers could be different, but if I decide to measure", "0bmOngkYVzo-00284-00178710-00179213": "their acceleration, the two observers s and s prime would agree, that the accelerations", "0bmOngkYVzo-00285-00179213-00179913": "are same, so now, I come back to Newton’s law of motion. I agreed we discussed that", "0bmOngkYVzo-00286-00179916-00180455": "this a same, for all inertial frames of reference; therefore I did when I give acceleration of", "0bmOngkYVzo-00287-00180455-00181001": "the object, I did not define my frame of reference, I can say that, this is the acceleration of", "0bmOngkYVzo-00288-00181001-00181666": "the object. So, long I am talking of course, only on inertial frame of reference. Now if", "0bmOngkYVzo-00289-00181666-00182353": "F, is also a quantity which is frame independent quantity, then F is equal to ma, will be valid", "0bmOngkYVzo-00290-00182353-00182821": "in all inertial frames of reference. The velocities could be different in different frame, but", "0bmOngkYVzo-00291-00182821-00183283": "the force and acceleration would be expected to be same, and therefore, Newton’s law", "0bmOngkYVzo-00292-00183283-00184267": "of motion is equally applicable, in all inertial frames. So far its good, as far as all mechanical", "0bmOngkYVzo-00293-00184275-00184899": "forces are concerned, we are quite happy about the situation, because for example gravitational", "0bmOngkYVzo-00294-00184899-00185599": "force, is expected to be independent of force, but we have some problem, when we come to", "0bmOngkYVzo-00295-00185685-00186041": "an electro electromagnetic theory, let us see.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00296-00186041-00186712": "This is what I classified, as problem with classical physics. We just now said, that", "0bmOngkYVzo-00297-00186712-00187388": "I expect the force to be frame independent quantity, but velocity is not a frame independent", "0bmOngkYVzo-00298-00187388-00187991": "quantity, velocity depends on different frames, even though they are inertial. let us look", "0bmOngkYVzo-00299-00187991-00188499": "at the standard expression of what we called as the Lawrence force, if there is a particular", "0bmOngkYVzo-00300-00188499-00189199": "charge, which is e, and if it is put inside a electric and magnetic field, the force on", "0bmOngkYVzo-00301-00189463-00189915": "the this particular charge, the electromagnetic force on this particular charge, which was", "0bmOngkYVzo-00302-00189915-00190536": "also called as Lawrence force is given by e multiplied by E, where capital E is the", "0bmOngkYVzo-00303-00190536-00191197": "electric field plus v, v is the speed of the of the charge, cross it is a vector product", "0bmOngkYVzo-00304-00191197-00191897": "B, where B is the magnetic field of the object. So, this force of we see, it depends on the", "0bmOngkYVzo-00305-00192067-00192688": "velocity, it means if I go to different frame, I will find the charge moving with the different", "0bmOngkYVzo-00306-00192688-00193290": "velocity, and therefore this particular force which I am seeing; the Lawrence force, would", "0bmOngkYVzo-00307-00193290-00193853": "also become different. Some of few may ask this question, and rightly", "0bmOngkYVzo-00308-00193853-00194465": "so and this question probably a very good and genuine question. After all what is magnetic", "0bmOngkYVzo-00309-00194465-00195165": "field, magnetic field also arises, because of the motion of the charge carriers. So,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00310-00195172-00195678": "if I go to a different frame of reference, the charges which are the motion which is", "0bmOngkYVzo-00311-00195678-00196208": "passing the magnetic field. They will also move with a different velocity. And therefore,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00312-00196208-00196900": "probably B is also could be a frame dependent quantity. The answer is yes, this is correct,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00313-00196900-00197600": "but the fact is, that the transformation as I go from one frame to another frame, of electric", "0bmOngkYVzo-00314-00197665-00198325": "and magnetic field, is also eventually obtained only from special theory of relativity, the", "0bmOngkYVzo-00315-00198325-00198683": "correct transformation law. So, let us leave this example as of now. I just wanted to mention", "0bmOngkYVzo-00316-00198683-00199383": "this appears to be one of the problems, let us go to a better example. In earlier 19th", "0bmOngkYVzo-00317-00199653-00200353": "century, or before that the Maxwell have put down a set of equations, which are called", "0bmOngkYVzo-00318-00200476-00200871": "Maxwell’s equations.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00319-00200871-00201571": "Earlier there has been, some worries or doubt, about what is light, but it was the set of", "0bmOngkYVzo-00320-00202310-00203004": "Maxwell’s equation, which eventually I would said proved, that light is electromagnetic", "0bmOngkYVzo-00321-00203004-00203570": "wave. And eventually he obtain an expression, which is C is equal to 1 upon under root epsilon", "0bmOngkYVzo-00322-00203570-00204270": "not mu not, when epsilon not mu not are fundamental constants. According to him, the speed of", "0bmOngkYVzo-00323-00204520-00205203": "light, should be given by this particular expression, if it is an electromagnetic field.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00324-00205203-00205903": "The speed obtains from this particular expression, mashed with the experimentally evaluated speed", "0bmOngkYVzo-00325-00205973-00206510": "of light. Essentially it is conformed that light is actually an electromagnetic field.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00326-00206510-00207197": "So, this is what I have written; the speed of light, depends on the fundamental constants;", "0bmOngkYVzo-00327-00207197-00207735": "c is given by one upon under root epsilon not mu not, this is what we have obtained", "0bmOngkYVzo-00328-00207735-00208435": "as a result of electromagnetic theory, which had found a very strong hold, at strong footing,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00329-00208469-00208894": "in our classical physics. In fact they are two pillars of the classical physics; one", "0bmOngkYVzo-00330-00208894-00209594": "was based on plutonian mechanics, and another was electromagnetic theory. Now let us come", "0bmOngkYVzo-00331-00209601-00210146": "back to familiar concept of relative velocity about which, we have been talking quite bit.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00332-00210146-00210642": "Let us assume that there is a observer on ground, let us assume that this ground is", "0bmOngkYVzo-00333-00210642-00211342": "in inertial frame. It observers observes two different train compartments; one train is", "0bmOngkYVzo-00334-00211435-00211826": "moving to the right, with the velocity v. Of course, all these velocities are with reference", "0bmOngkYVzo-00335-00211826-00212406": "to this particular observer, which is standing on the ground. He finds another train moving", "0bmOngkYVzo-00336-00212406-00213106": "to the left, with the speed u, or with the velocity u. Now if I change my frame of reference,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00337-00213158-00213858": "and I assume my observer to be sitting here, on this particular train A, as all of us know,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00338-00213921-00214555": "this particular person would experience, as it this particular train is moving with must", "0bmOngkYVzo-00339-00214555-00215021": "faster speed, and of course, if he assume that v and u are in are along the same line,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00340-00215021-00215555": "this speed of the compartment B, or the train B, as seen by an observer A, will be addition", "0bmOngkYVzo-00341-00215555-00216101": "of the two, it will be v plus u v, if we feel a much larger speed.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00342-00216101-00216603": "This is very common thing, if we are sitting in a train, another train passes by your side,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00343-00216603-00217303": "you find that is moving, with a very large speed, the relative speed just add up. Look", "0bmOngkYVzo-00344-00217349-00217933": "at a contraction situation here, the second diagram here. Again these speeds are with", "0bmOngkYVzo-00345-00217933-00218498": "respect to an observer, standing on the ground. This is the velocity v, which is trying to", "0bmOngkYVzo-00346-00218498-00219198": "overtake this particular train v; for example, a car overtaking another car. The velocity", "0bmOngkYVzo-00347-00219210-00219836": "of the, this particular train or car, with respect to this observer v and, of this particular", "0bmOngkYVzo-00348-00219836-00220481": "car with respect to this observer is u. Now if am I fix my frame of reference, here let", "0bmOngkYVzo-00349-00220481-00221181": "see on B, I will feel that this particular A, is approaching to backwards B, not with", "0bmOngkYVzo-00350-00221247-00221947": "speed v, but v minus u, this speeds are differences, the velocities have the differences of the", "0bmOngkYVzo-00351-00222016-00222471": "two velocities. This is a common concept of relative velocity.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00352-00222471-00223171": "Now, let us look into a very similar and parallel situation, which I have given in the particular", "0bmOngkYVzo-00353-00223348-00224048": "figure. All I have done, is that one of the compartment I have replaced, by a light source.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00354-00224074-00224727": "My observer is still fitted here, fixed on the ground. He finds that this particular", "0bmOngkYVzo-00355-00224727-00225427": "speed, this particular light, travels towards him, with the speed c. While this particular", "0bmOngkYVzo-00356-00225542-00226110": "train, moves to the right, as in from him, with a velocity u.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00357-00226110-00226810": "Now, if I assume the same thing, what have I done in the previous example. If I change", "0bmOngkYVzo-00358-00226842-00227346": "my observer, if the observers are sitting here, he would find that this speed will be", "0bmOngkYVzo-00359-00227346-00228046": "c plus u, exactly taking parallel, what we have discussed in the previous example. Similarly,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00360-00228166-00228700": "if the train was moving like this, and the source are, to the right, and the source of", "0bmOngkYVzo-00361-00228700-00229400": "the light was here, emitting light in this particular direction. And if this observer", "0bmOngkYVzo-00362-00229442-00230127": "finds this speed to be c, and this velocity to be u, then if I change my observer to this", "0bmOngkYVzo-00363-00230127-00230669": "particular compartment, he will find that the speed is c minus u, this speed will be", "0bmOngkYVzo-00364-00230669-00231330": "less. So, like we do in a normal classical mechanics, the observer here, the observer", "0bmOngkYVzo-00365-00231330-00231834": "here, and the observer here. The observer here, the observer here, and the observer", "0bmOngkYVzo-00366-00231834-00232534": "here, all three will find different speeds of light; is it correct, will this really", "0bmOngkYVzo-00367-00232827-00232913": "happen.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00368-00232913-00233574": "Let see, what is the impact of this, what happens to my expression which have I just", "0bmOngkYVzo-00369-00233574-00234221": "now written; c is equal to one upon under root epsilon not mu not. Now, I assume that", "0bmOngkYVzo-00370-00234221-00234701": "this expression is valid on all this frames. See remember, we talk to three different frame,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00371-00234701-00235392": "three different examples; person sitting on the ground, in a compartment here, and compartment", "0bmOngkYVzo-00372-00235392-00236055": "on the other side. If all the three observers, will they still, are they still allowed to", "0bmOngkYVzo-00373-00236055-00236552": "use a same expression of c is equal to one upon and root epsilon not mu not, if they", "0bmOngkYVzo-00374-00236552-00237231": "are allowed, you just now seen the c is different for all the three observers, and if they are", "0bmOngkYVzo-00375-00237231-00237671": "allowed to use this particular observer, this particular example, for a change, have epsilon", "0bmOngkYVzo-00376-00237671-00237796": "not and mu not changed.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00377-00237796-00238446": "Then do we say; that this particular quantity epsilon not and mu not, have become frame", "0bmOngkYVzo-00378-00238446-00239121": "dependent, it means if I go to different inertial frames, then I would notice the different", "0bmOngkYVzo-00379-00239121-00239767": "epsilon not, and different mu not, but remember this epsilon not and mu not, are related to", "0bmOngkYVzo-00380-00239767-00240250": "the basic electromagnetic forces. See remember this expression, this expression gives the", "0bmOngkYVzo-00381-00240250-00240819": "force between two charge carriers q 1 and q 2, and here there is an epsilon not. This", "0bmOngkYVzo-00382-00240819-00241308": "expression gives, the force between two carriers two current carrying conductors; i 1 and i", "0bmOngkYVzo-00383-00241308-00242008": "2, and this force is governed by this particular constant. If I say, that this mu not and epsilon", "0bmOngkYVzo-00384-00242046-00242646": "not, are different in different frames, do I mean to say that this forces also different", "0bmOngkYVzo-00385-00242646-00243316": "in different frames. I have a problem, I do not understand it fully.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00386-00243316-00243860": "There could be another set of argument. The other set of argument could be, that the expression", "0bmOngkYVzo-00387-00243860-00244407": "which have just now said; c is equal to one upon under root epsilon not mu not, this expression", "0bmOngkYVzo-00388-00244407-00245011": "is not valid in all the frames. This expression is valid only a certain specific frame, this", "0bmOngkYVzo-00389-00245011-00245521": "is a second example. So, remember a first example we said; that is the special is valid", "0bmOngkYVzo-00390-00245521-00245961": "in all the inertial frames, but then I have to incorporate the fact; that epsilon not", "0bmOngkYVzo-00391-00245961-00246481": "and mu not, would be different in different frames, if the speeds of light measured by", "0bmOngkYVzo-00392-00246481-00247000": "different frame of references, turn out be different.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00393-00247000-00247650": "Second example as I said is, I assume that know this expression is valid, only some special", "0bmOngkYVzo-00394-00247650-00248350": "frames, not in all the frames. So, then I am saying, that though classically we have", "0bmOngkYVzo-00395-00248367-00248809": "said, from Newton’s law I have said, that makes no difference where I make observations,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00396-00248809-00249492": "so long the frame is inertial, this may not be true for electromagnetic theory. Means", "0bmOngkYVzo-00397-00249492-00250017": "from electromagnetic point of view, all inertial frames, need not be equivalent. There is one", "0bmOngkYVzo-00398-00250017-00250635": "special frame of reference, in which this expression c is equal to one upon under root", "0bmOngkYVzo-00399-00250635-00250989": "epsilon not mu not is valid.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00400-00250989-00251689": "What I am saying, is that the validity of this expression, is only some specific frames.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00401-00251728-00252177": "In other frames, this expression is not valid, this is the second example.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00402-00252177-00252664": "So, I have written here, the second option would imply, that from electromagnetic point", "0bmOngkYVzo-00403-00252664-00253192": "of view, there may be a preferred or a special frame, in which this expression, of c is equal", "0bmOngkYVzo-00404-00253192-00253892": "to one upon under root epsilon not mu not may be valid, it is not valid in all other", "0bmOngkYVzo-00405-00254054-00254113": "frames.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00406-00254113-00254706": "I will extend this particular thing little bit more, and I say, that this special frame", "0bmOngkYVzo-00407-00254706-00255406": "I can say is probably signifying an absolute rest. By the way the concept absolute rest,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00408-00255464-00256164": "looks at least for a classical physics, somewhat genuine, let us take an example. I would first", "0bmOngkYVzo-00409-00256444-00257045": "say that the classical people, is not prefer this particular idea, because it has some", "0bmOngkYVzo-00410-00257045-00257570": "sort of examples lets have which I discussed, some of the things that we assume. See we", "0bmOngkYVzo-00411-00257570-00258270": "like an ocean, in ocean all the fishes, and all they you know the sea animals, sort of", "0bmOngkYVzo-00412-00258350-00259031": "float inside in the sea. I can assume that entire universe is filled with some sort of", "0bmOngkYVzo-00413-00259031-00259715": "fluid; of course, this fluid has to be given very special properties. For example, it should", "0bmOngkYVzo-00414-00259715-00260029": "be essentially hundred percent transparent, because we can see the light, which is coming", "0bmOngkYVzo-00415-00260029-00260589": "from long distances. Probably it has essentially 0 density, because we never able to observe,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00416-00260589-00261225": "and of the fluids, but let us assume that the some sort of fluid, see somewhat naturals", "0bmOngkYVzo-00417-00261225-00261892": "for a classical physics, which fills entire universe. Classical physicist at that time", "0bmOngkYVzo-00418-00261892-00262158": "call this particular medium as ether.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00419-00262158-00262858": "So, they evolved the concept of ether, and they said, that this ether, fills the entire", "0bmOngkYVzo-00420-00262894-00263459": "universe like an ocean, the water fills in entire ocean. Similarly everything is filled", "0bmOngkYVzo-00421-00263459-00264159": "by ether. We are actually living in ocean of ether, and all the planets; earth, sun,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00422-00264172-00264872": "galaxies everything move in this particular, the float in this particular ether. As I said,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00423-00265097-00265797": "for classical physicist, is also found another support. See when I talk of traditional waves,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00424-00265865-00266565": "with fish. The fish is very familiar from formulated sound wave, when I say the sound", "0bmOngkYVzo-00425-00266595-00267295": "wave has a particular speed, with respect to what we talk of the speed. Who measure", "0bmOngkYVzo-00426-00267438-00267992": "that speed, and it is always implied, that this speed is measured, with respect to medium", "0bmOngkYVzo-00427-00267992-00268692": "in the sound travels. You can all, you all probably aware, that it requires a medium", "0bmOngkYVzo-00428-00268768-00269468": "for sound to travel. So, when I say the speed of sound is this much, I assume that the observer", "0bmOngkYVzo-00429-00269603-00270118": "is stationary in this particular medium, and the speed of sound is being measured, with", "0bmOngkYVzo-00430-00270118-00270652": "respect to the observer sitting stationary in the medium. The speed of sound is given,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00431-00270652-00271303": "relative to the medium, but light apparently does not seem to be travelling in a medium.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00432-00271303-00272003": "We see light coming from very far of stars, and apparently there is no medium in between.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00433-00272152-00272823": "So, classical physicist did not like this particular idea, after all the wave, requires", "0bmOngkYVzo-00434-00272823-00273321": "a medium to travel, sound requires, all the waves that we are familiar, water wave, when", "0bmOngkYVzo-00435-00273321-00273858": "we talk about with respect to the water, when we are talking about all these waves. Probably", "0bmOngkYVzo-00436-00273858-00274202": "there is a medium, which it should be travelling; it is a different thing that I am not able", "0bmOngkYVzo-00437-00274202-00274803": "to see the medium. This medium must have very special properties, but I am not able to observe", "0bmOngkYVzo-00438-00274803-00275270": "it; that is the different question, but probably a medium exists. So, the concept of ether", "0bmOngkYVzo-00439-00275270-00275952": "found, support from that particular concept; saying that the medium in which is light travels", "0bmOngkYVzo-00440-00275952-00276395": "and actually ether medium, and when I say c is equal to one upon under root epsilon", "0bmOngkYVzo-00441-00276395-00277095": "not mu not, this particular expression, is true only in this ether medium. So, I can", "0bmOngkYVzo-00442-00277107-00277793": "say, that the ether signifying absolute rest, because this is filling the entire universe,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00443-00277793-00278344": "all the planets, everything including light, travels into this particular medium. So, this", "0bmOngkYVzo-00444-00278344-00278527": "is what I have written here.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00445-00278527-00279090": "Another support; normally waves require a medium to travel, but light seemingly did", "0bmOngkYVzo-00446-00279090-00279616": "not require one, while coming from distant stars. So, probably there does exists some", "0bmOngkYVzo-00447-00279616-00280316": "medium, not observed till that time, because it must have some special properties, and", "0bmOngkYVzo-00448-00280341-00280695": "this particular medium could be called ether.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00449-00280695-00281395": "It is this ether, which can be thought to be signifying absolute rest, and the speed", "0bmOngkYVzo-00450-00281424-00282124": "of the light in this expression, which have written, must be given, only in this expression,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00451-00282142-00282506": "only in this particular medium, only in this particular special frames of reference, frame", "0bmOngkYVzo-00452-00282506-00283197": "of reference called ether. If I change my frame of reference, go to another inertial", "0bmOngkYVzo-00453-00283197-00283704": "frame of reference. We discussed, then I must measure different seen, if everything of classical", "0bmOngkYVzo-00454-00283704-00284404": "physics is valid, but I have said that the expression c 1 upon under root epsilon not", "0bmOngkYVzo-00455-00284468-00284925": "mu not, is valid only in that some special frame, I will measure a different speed, therefore", "0bmOngkYVzo-00456-00284925-00285460": "I can talk of what is the absolute speed of that particular frame. So, I can signify,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00457-00285460-00286083": "I can associate, a absolute speed, with every inertial frame of reference, so this is what", "0bmOngkYVzo-00458-00286083-00286154": "I have written.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00459-00286154-00286660": "In other frames, the speed of light would be different from c, as given by the relative", "0bmOngkYVzo-00460-00286660-00287211": "velocity formula. One can determine the speed, by measuring the speed of light. So, if I", "0bmOngkYVzo-00461-00287211-00287680": "measure the speed of light in a frame, and find it to be different, from this expression,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00462-00287680-00288196": "I can find out what is my speed relative to ether.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00463-00288196-00288896": "Therefore, I write again, all the objects can be given a unique velocity, which is relative", "0bmOngkYVzo-00464-00288980-00289639": "to ether. Therefore, now we are authorized to ask the question, what is absolute of speed", "0bmOngkYVzo-00465-00289639-00290250": "of earth, what is the absolute speed of sun. So, again we have mention, that if pure classical", "0bmOngkYVzo-00466-00290250-00290859": "physics, velocities frame dependent quantity. If I change my frame, we will change, but", "0bmOngkYVzo-00467-00290859-00291416": "a will be same, but now with respect to the special frame, I can always think, that I", "0bmOngkYVzo-00468-00291416-00292116": "can also talk of absolute velocity, I can ask question, that the velocity of the object,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00469-00292309-00293009": "is how much, or velocity of earth at a given time, is how much relative to the earth.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00470-00293141-00293705": "This concept looks somewhat strange, because no physical process is purely mechanical.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00471-00293705-00294171": "So, when all the frames appear to be equivalent, from the mechanical point of view, can they", "0bmOngkYVzo-00472-00294171-00294700": "not be so from the electromagnetic point of view. Here we have some sort of uneasiness,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00473-00294700-00295142": "strictly speaking no process is hundred percent mechanical. See if we are observing two bodies", "0bmOngkYVzo-00474-00295142-00295603": "to collide, which are purely to be mechanical process, but the light has to go there, it", "0bmOngkYVzo-00475-00295603-00296104": "reflected come to our eye before we are able to observe it. So, there is always mixing", "0bmOngkYVzo-00476-00296104-00296679": "of electromagnetic, and the mechanical concept, it does not sound the hundred percent comfortable", "0bmOngkYVzo-00477-00296679-00297171": "when we say, that all the frames of references appear to be equivalent, from the point of", "0bmOngkYVzo-00478-00297171-00297729": "view mechanics, but not so much, from the point of view electromagnetic theory. We feel", "0bmOngkYVzo-00479-00297729-00298429": "some sort of that uncomfort, that why it should be so. What we do, we need experiments. So,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00480-00298740-00299194": "this is a point, where we are having some sort of deadlock, though things seem to be", "0bmOngkYVzo-00481-00299194-00299681": "somewhat consistent from the classical mechanics, but we still have some sort of uneasiness,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00482-00299681-00300176": "let us look, whether we have an experiments, whether we can prove that ether exist.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00483-00300176-00300751": "So that is what I have written here; to be sure, we should look at the experiments, which", "0bmOngkYVzo-00484-00300751-00300999": "can detect the presence of ether.", "0bmOngkYVzo-00485-00300999-00301667": "So, in our next lecture, we will be discussing, what are those experiments, and whether it", "0bmOngkYVzo-00486-00301667-00302142": "first possible for us to detect ether, before we go ahead. Now, let me summarize what we", "0bmOngkYVzo-00487-00302142-00302597": "have discussed, in this particular lecture. We have discussed the concept of inertial", "0bmOngkYVzo-00488-00302597-00303297": "frames, we have described what I mean by inertial frame of reference. We have mentioned that,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00489-00303315-00303954": "from mechanical point of view, the inertial frames are to be equivalent, but once I go", "0bmOngkYVzo-00490-00303954-00304434": "to electromagnetic theory, there appears to be non-equivalence, it means the appearance", "0bmOngkYVzo-00491-00304434-00304927": "that there is some special frame of reference, which is necessary to understand the physics", "0bmOngkYVzo-00492-00304927-00305627": "consistent. Then finally, we have evolved the concept of ether, and we have said that", "0bmOngkYVzo-00493-00305644-00306344": "is a special frame of reference, like ether should be, we should invoke the concept of", "0bmOngkYVzo-00494-00306438-00306892": "ether, if we want to understand everything, classic from the classical point of view consistently,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00495-00306892-00307348": "though we still have some sort of uncomfort, in this particular idea, because it does tell,", "0bmOngkYVzo-00496-00307348-00307786": "that from mechanical point of view, all the frames seem to be equivalent, but from electromagnetic", "0bmOngkYVzo-00497-00307790-00308001": "theory they are not. Thank you."}}]