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+[{"audio_id": "2Hbbl7bQo04", "text": {"2Hbbl7bQo04-00000-00000105-00000204": "សួស្តីឆ្នាំថ្មី ឆ្នាំខាល ចត្វាស័ក", "2Hbbl7bQo04-00001-00000204-00000305": "ព.ស.២៥៦៦-២០២២ សង្ក្រានឆ្នាំថ្មី ភូមិអង្គរជ័យ , សង្ក្រានឆ្នាំថ្មី", "2Hbbl7bQo04-00002-00000305-00000405": "ភូមិអង្គរជ័យ, Volleyball, Ball, Football, Play Volleyball, Top Hight", "2Hbbl7bQo04-00003-00000405-00000505": "Volleyball Player, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_VZ-m2exJg&t=6s, Football Match, Friendly Match Football,Volleyball,", "2Hbbl7bQo04-00004-00000505-00000605": "Ball, Football, Play Volleyball, Top Hight Volleyball Player, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_VZ-m2exJg&t=6s,", "2Hbbl7bQo04-00005-00000605-00000705": "Football Match, Friendly Match Football,Volleyball, Ball, Football, Play Volleyball, Top Hight", "2Hbbl7bQo04-00006-00000705-00000805": "Volleyball Player, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_VZ-m2exJg&t=6s, Football Match, Friendly Match Football,Volleyball,", "2Hbbl7bQo04-00007-00000805-00000905": "Ball, Football, Play Volleyball, Top Hight Volleyball Player, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_VZ-m2exJg&t=6s,", "2Hbbl7bQo04-00008-00000905-00001005": "Football Match, Friendly Match Football,Volleyball, Ball, Football, Play Volleyball, Top Hight", "2Hbbl7bQo04-00009-00001005-00001105": "Volleyball Player, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_VZ-m2exJg&t=6s, Football Match, Friendly Match Football,Volleyball,", "2Hbbl7bQo04-00010-00001105-00001205": "Ball, Football, Play Volleyball, Top Hight Volleyball Player,", "2Hbbl7bQo04-00011-00001205-00001305": "Golden Bees City Vs Reachsey Football Team,Tb.Khmum Branch.", "2Hbbl7bQo04-00012-00001305-00001405": "https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCGr5Hb788JfUXnIwmNAvp6A https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tSBi1T6vUQ&t=11s", "2Hbbl7bQo04-00013-00001405-00001505": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PlwMFn8ZW_I https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6OFDcbmS9f4", "2Hbbl7bQo04-00014-00001505-00001605": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fk2eBmIx-48 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4y_ZXWfYKw", "2Hbbl7bQo04-00015-00001605-00002508": "Friendly Match Football, Khmer Love,Golden Bees City Vs Reachsey Football Team,Tb.Khmum", "2Hbbl7bQo04-00016-00002508-00002717": "Branch.", "2Hbbl7bQo04-00017-00002717-00005023": "Friendly Match Football, Khmer Love,Golden Bees City Vs Reachsey Football Team,Tb.Khmum", "2Hbbl7bQo04-00018-00005023-00005232": "Branch.", "2Hbbl7bQo04-00019-00005232-00006937": "Friendly Match Football, Khmer Love, Khmer Love, Khmer Love"}}, {"audio_id": "2Ir7_GXJpgc", "text": {"2Ir7_GXJpgc-00000-00000568-00000919": "I love traveling and I really align it to traveling", "2Ir7_GXJpgc-00001-00000992-00001623": "you you go to places you've never seen before you visit places you haven't seen", "2Ir7_GXJpgc-00002-00001623-00002048": "before and then oh we go down that direction or we'll go around that way or we'll try that", "2Ir7_GXJpgc-00003-00002112-00002776": "and you learn more and more as you go along um so I think I think that's what I would say um", "2Ir7_GXJpgc-00004-00002888-00003511": "it it it doesn't stop you don't stop learning I haven't stopped learning um", "2Ir7_GXJpgc-00005-00003664-00004064": "and there are all sorts of things you get lost on the way as you do when you're traveling", "2Ir7_GXJpgc-00006-00004144-00005072": "you come to dead ends as with your traveling but then you find beautiful views"}}, {"audio_id": "2IVRGo1tpFY", "text": {"2IVRGo1tpFY-00000-00000048-00000148": "Hi!", "2IVRGo1tpFY-00001-00000148-00001212": "Today I want to improvise about \"to have\".Because I've seen many rich and sad people but also", "2IVRGo1tpFY-00002-00001212-00001930": "poor sad people,I thought \"to have\" is not about how many properties you have and how", "2IVRGo1tpFY-00003-00001930-00002749": "much money you have but is about the power to go toward next level.Meaning,as I decided", "2IVRGo1tpFY-00004-00002749-00003546": "today to go to next level to ask more from my self and from others and also to give more", "2IVRGo1tpFY-00005-00003546-00004553": "and to figure out that I am at a certain level,to recognise at what level I am but to go to", "2IVRGo1tpFY-00006-00004553-00005046": "the next level,to make the next step toward a higher step and if you don't stay all your", "2IVRGo1tpFY-00007-00005046-00005732": "life at the same level it means you trully have something.You have the power to advance,you", "2IVRGo1tpFY-00008-00005732-00005832": "know?", "2IVRGo1tpFY-00009-00005832-00006223": "That's what it means to me \"to have\".Because after you die after all you don't get anything", "2IVRGo1tpFY-00010-00006223-00006444": "with you.Maybe you take that spirituality you have gained.For you what does it mean", "2IVRGo1tpFY-00011-00006444-00006544": "\"to have?\"", "2IVRGo1tpFY-00012-00006544-00006545": "Bye!"}}, {"audio_id": "2Jggy9c814A", "text": {"2Jggy9c814A-00000-00000000-00000498": "Hi, and welcome back to ESMARConf2023. This is the fourth presentation session", "2Jggy9c814A-00001-00000498-00000984": "on Quantitative synthesis part one. As always, you can ask questions via", "2Jggy9c814A-00002-00000984-00001470": "Twitter by following @ESHackathon or using the slack Channel if you've registered for", "2Jggy9c814A-00003-00001470-00001962": "the conference. Presenters will be answering those questions after the session as well.", "2Jggy9c814A-00004-00002274-00002838": "Up first is Antonina Dolgorukova who's going to introduce a meta-analysis of", "2Jggy9c814A-00005-00002838-00003215": "pre-clinical studies with complex data structure a practical example", "2Jggy9c814A-00006-00003215-00003534": "of using a multi-level model to account for dependencies.", "2Jggy9c814A-00007-00004374-00005034": "Hello everyone! My name is Antonina and I'm happy to present our study as a practical", "2Jggy9c814A-00008-00005034-00005586": "example of the use of multi-level model to account for dependencies in meta-analysis.", "2Jggy9c814A-00009-00005832-00006394": "You have probably heard about the problem of low reliability and reproducibility of", "2Jggy9c814A-00010-00006394-00006822": "preclinical findings. Much progress has been made in addressing translational", "2Jggy9c814A-00011-00006822-00007470": "failures, but reports of irreproducibility in pre-clinical research continue to be published.", "2Jggy9c814A-00012-00007709-00008238": "Meta-analytical research is therefore very important for improving the quality", "2Jggy9c814A-00013-00008238-00008886": "of pre-clinical studies and needs to be done correctly. Although there are many useful tools to", "2Jggy9c814A-00014-00008886-00009426": "help you at every stage of the process, there are challenges that not everyone knows how to", "2Jggy9c814A-00015-00009426-00010062": "overcome. One of these, is the complex data structure that implies dependent", "2Jggy9c814A-00016-00010062-00010554": "effect sizes. This violates the main assumption of a meta-analysis.", "2Jggy9c814A-00017-00010650-00011370": "Non-independent effect sizes can be broadly categorized as multivariate and nested. When", "2Jggy9c814A-00018-00011370-00012054": "the same subjects are used to calculate multiple effect sizes, the data structure is multivariate.", "2Jggy9c814A-00019-00012120-00012492": "This is the case, for example when there are multiple treatment groups", "2Jggy9c814A-00020-00012492-00013110": "and the common control group, or when multiple outcomes are measured in the same subjects,", "2Jggy9c814A-00021-00013110-00013536": "or when an outcome is measured at different times.", "2Jggy9c814A-00022-00013613-00014147": "If the data are nested, you will usually get several effect sizes within a cluster,", "2Jggy9c814A-00023-00014147-00014634": "such as study, a laboratory or geographical region.", "2Jggy9c814A-00024-00014634-00015234": "Both cases are quite common in preclinical studies and in both cases the effect size", "2Jggy9c814A-00025-00015234-00015888": "estimates are correlated. If ignored, this can result in misleading statistical conclusions.", "2Jggy9c814A-00026-00016097-00016674": "Multi-level modeling and robust variance estimation are the most reliable approaches", "2Jggy9c814A-00027-00016674-00017328": "for dealing with dependence. Importantly, they make no assumptions about the specific", "2Jggy9c814A-00028-00017328-00017880": "shape of the sampling distribution of effect sizes, and you do not need to know", "2Jggy9c814A-00029-00017880-00018738": "the dependence structure of the effect size estimates (variance-covariance matrix). I now", "2Jggy9c814A-00030-00018738-00019290": "present a practical example of the application of these methods in pre-clinical meta-analysis.", "2Jggy9c814A-00031-00019362-00020112": "I'll report on our recent work, which included 13 controlled studies with 21 experiments. We were", "2Jggy9c814A-00032-00020112-00020688": "interested in the experiments that tested the effects of anti migraine drugs on two outcomes-", "2Jggy9c814A-00033-00020688-00021366": "ongoing and evoked neuronal activity-in the animal migraine model that we use in our Laboratory.", "2Jggy9c814A-00034-00021474-00021924": "Our main aim was to estimate the overall effect size to guide sample", "2Jggy9c814A-00035-00021924-00022500": "size calculations in future studies. To refine the model, we also examined how", "2Jggy9c814A-00036-00022500-00023118": "metabolological features affected the results and it identified potential sources of bias.", "2Jggy9c814A-00037-00023268-00024018": "The data extracted for the meta-analysis had a multi-level structure, as 5 studies reported up", "2Jggy9c814A-00038-00024018-00024558": "to 4 experiments, while several experiments were conducted with the same control group.", "2Jggy9c814A-00039-00024768-00025350": "To account for the likely correlation of effect sizes, we built a three-level model", "2Jggy9c814A-00040-00025350-00025902": "with robust variance estimation and went through the standard meta-analysis steps,", "2Jggy9c814A-00041-00025902-00026622": "such as examination of heterogeneity, subgroup and sensitivity analyses, estimation of potential", "2Jggy9c814A-00042-00026622-00027318": "publication bias, and risk of bias assessment. I will then explain in detail the methods used", "2Jggy9c814A-00043-00027318-00027762": "to assess all of these, except the last, the risk of bias assessment, which was", "2Jggy9c814A-00044-00027762-00028283": "performed at the study level and is therefore similar to that in univariate meta-analysis.", "2Jggy9c814A-00045-00028542-00029195": "We calculated mean differences as an effect size measure, and to fit the three-level model we used", "2Jggy9c814A-00046-00029195-00029832": "the rma.mv function from the metafor package. The pre-calculated effect sizes are specified", "2Jggy9c814A-00047-00029832-00030486": "by the yi argument, the corresponding sampling variances via the V argument and", "2Jggy9c814A-00048-00030486-00031200": "the desired random effect structure via the random argument. Here we have a mixed-effects model. One", "2Jggy9c814A-00049-00031200-00031866": "random effect corresponds to a study and one corresponds to an experiment within the study.", "2Jggy9c814A-00050-00031956-00032724": "the resulting RMA object was then wrapped in the robust function, which constructs a cluster-robust", "2Jggy9c814A-00051-00032724-00033252": "estimate of the variance-covariance matrix of the model coefficients based on a sandwich-", "2Jggy9c814A-00052-00033252-00033912": "type estimator, and then computes tests and confidence intervals of the model coefficients.", "2Jggy9c814A-00053-00033912-00034764": "This includes by default a small sample adjustment (the \"CR1\" estimator), implemented to improve the", "2Jggy9c814A-00054-00034764-00035442": "performance of the method when the number of clusters is small. Note that the model includes", "2Jggy9c814A-00055-00035442-00036156": "two variance components for between and within study heterogeneity. This makes it possible to", "2Jggy9c814A-00056-00036156-00036750": "examine the distribution of the variance at the level of an experiment and a study.", "2Jggy9c814A-00057-00037020-00037632": "Guidance on calculating heterogeneity for multi-level and multivariate models can", "2Jggy9c814A-00058-00037632-00038292": "be found on the very useful metafor package website using the link below. In our study,", "2Jggy9c814A-00059-00038292-00038982": "the overall I squared, which is a sum of between- study and within-study hydrogenity was 90 %.", "2Jggy9c814A-00060-00038982-00039906": "About 59 % of the total variance was attributed to between-study heterogeneity and 31% to the", "2Jggy9c814A-00061-00039906-00040674": "within-study heterogeneity. The remaining 10 % was sampling variance. The extent to", "2Jggy9c814A-00062-00040674-00041364": "which methodological features explain the observed heterogeneity was assessed using meta-regression.", "2Jggy9c814A-00063-00041364-00042024": "To do this, we simply run the for loop with the same model, but now using the mods argument to", "2Jggy9c814A-00064-00042024-00042762": "specify the values of each moderator. In the study protocol, we specified 7 factors, one of", "2Jggy9c814A-00065-00042762-00043362": "which the gas used for ventilation, accounted for significant variability in the results.", "2Jggy9c814A-00066-00043608-00044202": "The high heterogeneity in the data set may also be caused by extreme effect sizes,", "2Jggy9c814A-00067-00044202-00044712": "while the pooled effect estimate may be highly dependent on a single experiment.", "2Jggy9c814A-00068-00044784-00045150": "For the models fitted with the rma family functions,", "2Jggy9c814A-00069-00045150-00045870": "outliers can be detected using different types of residuals and influential cases- based on", "2Jggy9c814A-00070-00045870-00046512": "Cook's distances. For multilevel models, there is an option to specify a clustering variable.", "2Jggy9c814A-00071-00046620-00047382": "Here we assumed that standardized residuals greater or lesser than 1.96 indicate experiments", "2Jggy9c814A-00072-00047382-00048078": "that do not fit the assumed model, that is represented layers, and Cook's distance greater", "2Jggy9c814A-00073-00048078-00048750": "than 4 divided by the total number of data points- the common cutoff, indicates influential cases.", "2Jggy9c814A-00074-00049212-00049902": "Lastly, the publication bias. To the best of our knowledge of the available tests for publication", "2Jggy9c814A-00075-00049902-00050478": "bias, only Egger's regression can readily be combined with multivariate modeling methods.", "2Jggy9c814A-00076-00050532-00051156": "We therefore, assessed the potential publication bias by estimating the asymmetry of funnel plots", "2Jggy9c814A-00077-00051156-00051750": "of the experiment level data using visual inspection and Egger's regression test.", "2Jggy9c814A-00078-00051834-00052452": "To do this, we fitted again a multi-level meta- regression model with a measure of effect size", "2Jggy9c814A-00079-00052452-00053190": "precision (standard error) as a predictor and used robust variance estimation to handle dependence.", "2Jggy9c814A-00080-00053262-00053934": "These approaches showed a clear trend of increasing effect size with decreasing precision.", "2Jggy9c814A-00081-00054276-00054900": "Overall, we hope that this practical example of using multi-level model has demonstrated the", "2Jggy9c814A-00082-00054900-00055500": "simplicity and feasibility of performing standard meta-analysis steps using the metafor package.", "2Jggy9c814A-00083-00055554-00056022": "The data and R markdown scripts are available on the OSF website,", "2Jggy9c814A-00084-00056022-00056400": "please let me know if you'd like to have a look. Thanks for your attention.", "2Jggy9c814A-00085-00056688-00057174": "Thanks very much, Antonina. Up next we have Rebecca Harris with pre-eclampsia", "2Jggy9c814A-00086-00057174-00057558": "and pregnancy and offspring blood pressure a multi-level multivariate", "2Jggy9c814A-00087-00057558-00057924": "meta-analysis of observational studies. Over to you, Rebecca!", "2Jggy9c814A-00088-00058236-00058572": "Hi everyone, my name is Rebecca Harris and I'm a PhD candidate", "2Jggy9c814A-00089-00058572-00058776": "at the University of Wollongong in Australia.", "2Jggy9c814A-00090-00058836-00059304": "Today I'm going to be talking about a multilevel multivariate meta-analysis that we conducted with", "2Jggy9c814A-00091-00059304-00059802": "the metafor package in R to evaluate the impact of preeclampsia and offspring blood pressure.", "2Jggy9c814A-00092-00059988-00060294": "In studies pertaining to cardiovascular health,", "2Jggy9c814A-00093-00060294-00060564": "the Systolic and diastolic blood pressure are key outcomes", "2Jggy9c814A-00094-00060564-00061032": "of interest and are both usually reported in primary studies such as randomized trials", "2Jggy9c814A-00095-00061032-00061512": "and cohort studies. And these outcomes are characterized as dependent. What we mean when", "2Jggy9c814A-00096-00061512-00061914": "we talk about dependence is that the outcomes are correlated, in this case highly correlated", "2Jggy9c814A-00097-00062046-00062412": "and this means that knowing information about one outcome reveals some information about the other.", "2Jggy9c814A-00098-00062574-00063090": "When conducting a naive pairwise meta-analysis, dependent outcomes cannot be pulled together", "2Jggy9c814A-00099-00063162-00063696": "because doing so would violate the assumption that effect sizes are independent and from a different", "2Jggy9c814A-00100-00063696-00064110": "sample. And this is because the model doesn't distinguish between the different data structures,", "2Jggy9c814A-00101-00064176-00064686": "so the actual structure of the data is as shown here where Systolic and Diastolic blood pressure", "2Jggy9c814A-00102-00064686-00065196": "are measured in the same participants but in a naive pairwise meta-analysis", "2Jggy9c814A-00103-00065196-00065646": "the statistical model assumes that the effect sizes are from a different unrelated sample,", "2Jggy9c814A-00104-00065760-00065994": "and this is true even if the outcomes are different.", "2Jggy9c814A-00105-00066168-00066744": "And this is problematic mainly due to the artificial increase in the sample size and this", "2Jggy9c814A-00106-00066744-00067374": "this leads to confidence intervals that are much too narrow. An appropriate approach to combine", "2Jggy9c814A-00107-00067374-00067938": "multiple dependent outcomes in a meta-analysis model is through multilevel modeling,", "2Jggy9c814A-00108-00067938-00068394": "which accounts for their dependence between the outcomes by specifying in the statistical", "2Jggy9c814A-00109-00068394-00068952": "model how each effect size is nested in the included study. So as sharing", "2Jggy9c814A-00110-00068952-00069408": "in the illustration here if a study reports both systolic and diastolic blood pressure,", "2Jggy9c814A-00111-00069468-00070008": "we can add another level of variance at level two. So this is basically an extension of a", "2Jggy9c814A-00112-00070008-00070470": "random effect two level model with an additional Tau squared variance", "2Jggy9c814A-00113-00070470-00070836": "component for the multiple outcomes, So now we have three levels of variance.", "2Jggy9c814A-00114-00070944-00071142": "The correlation coefficient between systolic and", "2Jggy9c814A-00115-00071142-00071580": "diastolic blood pressure is not required and this is because this is advantageous", "2Jggy9c814A-00116-00071580-00071952": "because correlations are often not reported in the original studies.", "2Jggy9c814A-00117-00072096-00072528": "So we've used the case study of preeclampsia and Offspring blood pressure to illustrate an", "2Jggy9c814A-00118-00072528-00072966": "example of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in a multilevel meta-analysis.", "2Jggy9c814A-00119-00073020-00073506": "A bit of a background about preeclampsia, it's a health condition during pregnancy characterized", "2Jggy9c814A-00120-00073506-00074190": "by new onset at hypertension, so hypertension that occurs after 20 weeks of gestation and", "2Jggy9c814A-00121-00074190-00074754": "occurs alongside maternal organ dysfunction or fetal growth restriction. Although the cause is", "2Jggy9c814A-00122-00074754-00075234": "not well understood, observational cohort studies have provided some evidence that preeclampsia is", "2Jggy9c814A-00123-00075234-00075828": "associated with an increase in blood pressure through through childhood and adolescence.", "2Jggy9c814A-00124-00076086-00076746": "There has have been some previous meta-analyzes on this topic, which use standard pairwise and", "2Jggy9c814A-00125-00076746-00077124": "univariate meta-analysis and this means that they dealt with the dependence", "2Jggy9c814A-00126-00077124-00077604": "between systolic and diastolic blood pressure by conducting separate analyzes for each outcome.", "2Jggy9c814A-00127-00077688-00078330": "Another important component of the structure of the data in this particular case study is", "2Jggy9c814A-00128-00078330-00078540": "the longitudinal nature of the effect measures.", "2Jggy9c814A-00129-00078540-00078990": "The biggest participants in the studies were followed for a long period of time and there", "2Jggy9c814A-00130-00078990-00079452": "are often multiple measures of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in each sample.", "2Jggy9c814A-00131-00079536-00080064": "Most of the previous meta-analyzes selected, one time point to extract data from but there", "2Jggy9c814A-00132-00080064-00080430": "was one previous meta-analysis which included multiple multiple follow-ups", "2Jggy9c814A-00133-00080430-00080874": "as if they were independent and therefore violating the independence assumption.", "2Jggy9c814A-00134-00081078-00081678": "Longitudinal data can be included in a multilevel meta-analysis by just considering that", "2Jggy9c814A-00135-00081678-00082122": "the different time points as different outcomes also nested within each sample.", "2Jggy9c814A-00136-00082272-00082728": "So this brings us to our current project and our aim was to conduct to conduct a systematic", "2Jggy9c814A-00137-00082728-00083196": "review and meta-analysis to compare blood pressure of offspring to preeclamptic and", "2Jggy9c814A-00138-00083196-00083739": "normal types of pregnancies. We registered our protocol in Prospero and to search for articles,", "2Jggy9c814A-00139-00083739-00084360": "we searched for PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase databases from their Inception to January 31st", "2Jggy9c814A-00140-00084360-00085032": "2022. And we searched the citations have included cohort studies and previous reviews as well,", "2Jggy9c814A-00141-00085032-00085350": "as conducted forward citation searching using Google Scholar.", "2Jggy9c814A-00142-00085530-00085968": "For our selection criteria participants could be any age including from infancy to older age", "2Jggy9c814A-00143-00086118-00086556": "and they were included if they reported systolic or diastolic blood pressure on a continuous scale,", "2Jggy9c814A-00144-00086634-00086928": "and this could be millimeters of mercury but could also be", "2Jggy9c814A-00145-00086928-00087162": "percentile scores or standard deviation scores.", "2Jggy9c814A-00146-00087378-00088014": "They conducted title and Abstract screening using abstract and this was done by two review authors", "2Jggy9c814A-00147-00088014-00088626": "in duplicate independently and to assess them within study risk of bias, we use the ROBINS-E", "2Jggy9c814A-00148-00088626-00089232": "tool for observational studies and this was again conducted by two re-authors in duplicate.", "2Jggy9c814A-00149-00089394-00089772": "When looking at observational evidence, it's very important to take into account", "2Jggy9c814A-00150-00089772-00090324": "that there could be confounders which affect the relationship between the exposure and the outcome.", "2Jggy9c814A-00151-00090324-00090642": "So this is a graph showing the confounders and mediators of Interest.", "2Jggy9c814A-00152-00090732-00091206": "And the main commanders of Interest were maternal smoking and drinking during pregnancy,", "2Jggy9c814A-00153-00091206-00091974": "education or socioeconomic status, maternal parity, age, ethnicity or pre-pregnancy BMI.", "2Jggy9c814A-00154-00092166-00092586": "We also made the important distinction between confounders and mediators because", "2Jggy9c814A-00155-00092586-00093114": "mediators lie on the causal pathway so they could because they occur after development", "2Jggy9c814A-00156-00093114-00093798": "of PE it's not appropriate to adjust for these. So therefore we only pulled results from studies", "2Jggy9c814A-00157-00093798-00094290": "which had adjusted for all relevant confounding factors and did not adjust for any mediators.", "2Jggy9c814A-00158-00094488-00095064": "So for our analysis we chose to pull Hedges' G standardized mean differences to enable us", "2Jggy9c814A-00159-00095064-00095556": "to pull effect sizes which were expressed as on percentile scores and standard deviation scores.,", "2Jggy9c814A-00160-00095556-00096030": "with those from other cohorts which were expressed in millimeters of mercury.", "2Jggy9c814A-00161-00096252-00096618": "And because effect sizes were adjusted for confounders using multiple regression models,", "2Jggy9c814A-00162-00096618-00097074": "we also included a correction factor when calculating these to account for the fact that", "2Jggy9c814A-00163-00097074-00097614": "the variability amount around the mean difference decreases as the number of variables in the", "2Jggy9c814A-00164-00097614-00098364": "regression model increases. So this is the code we used to connect the multilevel meta-analysis and", "2Jggy9c814A-00165-00098364-00098874": "also on the right you can see the data set and how it was set up in long format. So we first created", "2Jggy9c814A-00166-00098874-00099534": "dummy variables for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, to be used as moderators in the model", "2Jggy9c814A-00167-00099534-00100074": "and this enabled us to get a pulled effect for both outcomes separately, and then to run the", "2Jggy9c814A-00168-00100074-00100794": "meta-analysis we used the rma.mv command available in the metfor package, and we specified the effect", "2Jggy9c814A-00169-00100794-00101484": "size and variance shown here and we'll use the \"mods\" argument for the regression to", "2Jggy9c814A-00170-00101598-00102330": "obtain a different app effects for systolic and diastolic blood pressure. And importantly we use", "2Jggy9c814A-00171-00102330-00103104": "the random argument and this was to specify how each effect size was nested inside each cohort.", "2Jggy9c814A-00172-00103182-00103733": "And we use restricted maximum likelihood estimator for the level 2 and level 3 variability.", "2Jggy9c814A-00173-00103938-00104472": "So these are the results from our study selection and there were 2,423 unique", "2Jggy9c814A-00174-00104472-00105000": "reports identified from database searching and 12 unique reports from citation searching.", "2Jggy9c814A-00175-00105090-00105461": "And after full text screening there were 55 reports of 42", "2Jggy9c814A-00176-00105683-00106398": "42 cohorts. However like I mentioned before because we only pulled data from cohorts", "2Jggy9c814A-00177-00106398-00106902": "which were adjusted for confounders, there were only seven cohorts included in data analysis.", "2Jggy9c814A-00178-00107033-00107759": "So here are the results from our multilevel meta-analysis as shown in the forest plot. So", "2Jggy9c814A-00179-00107759-00108282": "here we have the systolic blood pressure and the standardized mean difference and the diastolic", "2Jggy9c814A-00180-00108282-00108911": "blood pressures standardized mean difference pooled. So there were only small increases in", "2Jggy9c814A-00181-00108911-00109446": "both systolic and diastolic blood pressure and when we re-expressed the standardized", "2Jggy9c814A-00182-00109446-00110009": "differences in two millimeters of mercury, we had a 1.69 millimeter of mercury difference in", "2Jggy9c814A-00183-00110009-00110508": "systolic blood pressure and very small 0.65 millimeters for diastolic blood pressure.", "2Jggy9c814A-00184-00110700-00111216": "So here are the results from my risk of bias assessment overall there was a low risk of bias", "2Jggy9c814A-00185-00111216-00111954": "in most domains, but there was some concerns due to missing data mostly due to the long", "2Jggy9c814A-00186-00111954-00112638": "follow-up of the cohorts and this led to all studies being rated as some concerns overall.", "2Jggy9c814A-00187-00112835-00113376": "The main interpretation of our findings is that Offspring born to pre-eclamptic pregnancies do", "2Jggy9c814A-00188-00113376-00113814": "have highest systolic and diastolic blood pressure when compared to normotensive on", "2Jggy9c814A-00189-00113814-00114324": "pregnancies but this difference was much smaller than previously reported due to the fact that", "2Jggy9c814A-00190-00114324-00114978": "we correctly specified how dependent outcomes were nested in the cohorts and it's not clear", "2Jggy9c814A-00191-00114978-00115535": "if these small differences in blood pressure are significant enough to infer clinically meaningful", "2Jggy9c814A-00192-00115535-00116159": "difference and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in later lives such as heart attack and stroke.", "2Jggy9c814A-00193-00116292-00116664": "Here are references and thank you so much for watching.", "2Jggy9c814A-00194-00116772-00117150": "Thanks very much Rebecca. Up next, Wolfgang Viechtbauer will", "2Jggy9c814A-00195-00117150-00117558": "be talking about location scale models for meta-analysis using the metafor package.", "2Jggy9c814A-00196-00117780-00118332": "Hi there my name is Wolfgang Viechtbauer from Maastricht University and I will be talking", "2Jggy9c814A-00197-00118332-00118992": "to you today about location-scale models for meta-analysis and how you can fit these types of", "2Jggy9c814A-00198-00118992-00119730": "models with a metafor package. So to get started let's first talk about a standard meta-analysis,", "2Jggy9c814A-00199-00119730-00120438": "and one of its main goals namely to estimate the size of the average effect and for this we", "2Jggy9c814A-00200-00120438-00121092": "typically use a random effects model which says that for every study we have an observed effect", "2Jggy9c814A-00201-00121092-00121800": "for each of our case studies and what we want to estimate here is Mu, the average effect but there", "2Jggy9c814A-00202-00121800-00122604": "are two sources of variance. First of all there's Epsilon sub i, this represents sampling variance", "2Jggy9c814A-00203-00122658-00123450": "and these variances these V sub i, these are known this represents variance in the estimates", "2Jggy9c814A-00204-00123450-00123966": "around their true effects while an observed effect is not going to be equal to its true", "2Jggy9c814A-00205-00123966-00124596": "effect because of the sampling variance and these are heteroskedastic by construction that", "2Jggy9c814A-00206-00124596-00125082": "is, we have bigger studies which tend to have smaller sampling variances and", "2Jggy9c814A-00207-00125082-00125358": "then we have smaller studies with bigger sampling variances", "2Jggy9c814A-00208-00125424-00126185": "and then we have another variance component here Tau squared, this denotes heterogeneity this", "2Jggy9c814A-00209-00126185-00126798": "represents the variance in the underlying true effects and this is assumed to be homoscedastic,", "2Jggy9c814A-00210-00126798-00127374": "that is it's a constant it doesn't vary. You can easily fit such a model with a", "2Jggy9c814A-00211-00127374-00127866": "metafor package which of course you have to first install, if you don't already have it.", "2Jggy9c814A-00212-00127866-00128442": "And let's look at an example and this is one of my favorite examples the meta-analysis on the", "2Jggy9c814A-00213-00128442-00129096": "effectiveness of the BCG vaccine and for each of the studies included in this meta-analysis,", "2Jggy9c814A-00214-00129096-00129726": "we have the number of TB positive and negative cases for the vaccinated and the non-vaccinated", "2Jggy9c814A-00215-00129726-00130350": "groups, and we will use this information to compute log transformed risk ratios and the", "2Jggy9c814A-00216-00130350-00130920": "corresponding sampling variances. So let's first load the metafor package and then we can take a", "2Jggy9c814A-00217-00130920-00131718": "look at the BCG data set, which includes 13 trials and here we have the number of TB positive and", "2Jggy9c814A-00218-00131718-00132354": "negative cases in the treated or vaccinated group and the number of positive and negative cases in", "2Jggy9c814A-00219-00132354-00132744": "the control group and there are a couple of other variables included in this data set,", "2Jggy9c814A-00220-00132744-00133356": "one of which the alloc variable, we will take a look at this in a little bit. Now we can compute", "2Jggy9c814A-00221-00133356-00134052": "the log risk ratios with the \"escalc\" function, we have to specify the type of measure, RR stands", "2Jggy9c814A-00222-00134052-00134616": "for log risk ratios, then we have to give the function the information so we can compute", "2Jggy9c814A-00223-00134616-00135294": "these log risk ratios and once you run this, the data set includes two additional variables yi,", "2Jggy9c814A-00224-00135294-00135930": "those other log risk ratios and the negative value here represents a lower risk of infection", "2Jggy9c814A-00225-00135930-00136572": "in the vaccinated group and \"vi\", those are the sampling variances and which we can see", "2Jggy9c814A-00226-00136572-00137136": "are sometimes large or sometimes smaller depending on the size of the studies and the", "2Jggy9c814A-00227-00137136-00137646": "amount of information that is provided by them. Finally, we can fit the random effects model", "2Jggy9c814A-00228-00137646-00138186": "with the \"rma\" function, we just give it the effect sizes and the corresponding variances", "2Jggy9c814A-00229-00138186-00138894": "and here are the results so we get our estimate of Tau squared, we get our estimate of mu ,the", "2Jggy9c814A-00230-00138894-00139560": "average effect and the corresponding test whether this is significantly different from zero and a", "2Jggy9c814A-00231-00139560-00140082": "corresponding confidence interval. On this slide you can see a fairly typical Forest", "2Jggy9c814A-00232-00140082-00140568": "plot showing the results of the individual studies and at the bottom the results from", "2Jggy9c814A-00233-00140568-00141132": "the random effects model namely the estimated average effect and the confidence interval and", "2Jggy9c814A-00234-00141132-00141792": "since this excludes 0 , we know that this is a statistically significant effect and showing that", "2Jggy9c814A-00235-00141792-00142452": "the vaccine is indeed effective on average for reducing the risk against tuberculosis.", "2Jggy9c814A-00236-00142524-00143076": "But there's a fair amount of heterogeneity in these results, we can see this here up top", "2Jggy9c814A-00237-00143076-00143838": "this is the estimated distribution of the true effects based on mu hat, the average effect and", "2Jggy9c814A-00238-00143838-00144528": "Tau Square, representing heterogeneity. So there might be circumstances where the vaccine is even", "2Jggy9c814A-00239-00144528-00145326": "more effective or where it is possibly not even effective at all. To explore such heterogeneity,", "2Jggy9c814A-00240-00145326-00146190": "we can use meta regression where we use one or multiple moderators or study characteristics to", "2Jggy9c814A-00241-00146190-00146724": "examine if they are related to the size of the effects. To give a simple example, say", "2Jggy9c814A-00242-00146724-00147306": "the studies fall into two groups the randomized versus non-randomized studies and we can represent", "2Jggy9c814A-00243-00147306-00147972": "this as a dummy variable which we code 0 for the first group, the non-randomized studies and one", "2Jggy9c814A-00244-00147972-00148596": "for the second group, the randomized studies. The alloc variable in the data set actually provides", "2Jggy9c814A-00245-00148596-00149136": "information about the method that was used for assigning participants to either the treatment or", "2Jggy9c814A-00246-00149136-00149712": "the vaccine or the control condition, although it makes a distinction between three different forms", "2Jggy9c814A-00247-00149712-00150354": "of allocation. We will simplify a bit and create this dummy variable by coding this variable as", "2Jggy9c814A-00248-00150354-00151062": "one, if the method of allocation was random and zero otherwise. Now we can include this dummy", "2Jggy9c814A-00249-00151062-00151752": "variable in our meta-regression model and we are especially interested in the results down here,", "2Jggy9c814A-00250-00151752-00152514": "The Intercept represents the estimated average effect for studies not using random allocation", "2Jggy9c814A-00251-00152574-00153204": "and the coefficient for random, represents the difference in the effect for studies that do", "2Jggy9c814A-00252-00153204-00153732": "use random allocation compared to those who do not, and we can also test if that difference", "2Jggy9c814A-00253-00153732-00154398": "is significant statistically significant which is not the case here. Let's ignore this though", "2Jggy9c814A-00254-00154398-00155028": "for the moment and look at this Forest plot which shows the studies ordered by whether they did not", "2Jggy9c814A-00255-00155028-00155754": "or whether they use random allocation and up top here we now see two distributions, the estimated", "2Jggy9c814A-00256-00155754-00156510": "distribution of true effects for studies that do use random allocation versus those that do not,", "2Jggy9c814A-00257-00156594-00157110": "what we see here is that these two distributions have different means but", "2Jggy9c814A-00258-00157110-00157686": "they have the same Tau square and the amount of heterogeneity within the two subgroups is", "2Jggy9c814A-00259-00157686-00158238": "assumed to be the same, so again Tau square is assumed to be homoscedastic,", "2Jggy9c814A-00260-00158304-00158904": "but this assumption may simply not be true, which brings us to the location scale model. The", "2Jggy9c814A-00261-00158904-00159408": "first part of the model looks pretty much like a standard meta-regression model but the difference", "2Jggy9c814A-00262-00159408-00160116": "is now that Tau square has a subscript I, so Tau square is allowed to differ across studies and", "2Jggy9c814A-00263-00160116-00160962": "in fact what we have now is a model for how Tau square or log transform Tau Square differs across", "2Jggy9c814A-00264-00160962-00161682": "studies namely as a function of one or multiple study characteristics. So here now we can make a", "2Jggy9c814A-00265-00161682-00162438": "distinction between predictors for the size of the effect, these are so called location variables and", "2Jggy9c814A-00266-00162438-00163056": "predictors for the amount of heterogeneity these are so called scale variables and they may or may", "2Jggy9c814A-00267-00163056-00163758": "not be the same and of course again you can have multiple such location and or scale variables and", "2Jggy9c814A-00268-00163758-00164466": "I recently extended the metafor package to also fit those types of models. To illustrate this,", "2Jggy9c814A-00269-00164466-00165096": "let's extend the previous meta regression model by including random also as a scale variable", "2Jggy9c814A-00270-00165168-00165762": "so like before we get information about the estimated average effect for the non-randomized", "2Jggy9c814A-00271-00165762-00166260": "studies and how different the effect is for the randomized studies but in addition to", "2Jggy9c814A-00272-00166260-00166878": "this we now get information about the amount of heterogeneity for the non-randomized studies and", "2Jggy9c814A-00273-00166878-00167520": "how different the amount of heterogeneity is for the randomized studies. As noted earlier,", "2Jggy9c814A-00274-00167520-00168156": "heterogeneity is expressed on the log scale for this model so to get the estimated Tau Square", "2Jggy9c814A-00275-00168156-00168858": "for the non-randomized studies, we just take the intercept and exponentiate it so we get around 0.2", "2Jggy9c814A-00276-00168858-00169476": "and to get the estimated Tau Square for the randomized studies, we take the intercept +", "2Jggy9c814A-00277-00169476-00169938": "the coefficient that represents the difference between the randomized", "2Jggy9c814A-00278-00169938-00170478": "and the non-randomized studies and we exponentiate this and we get about 0.4,", "2Jggy9c814A-00279-00170478-00171144": "so we estimate that the amount of heterogeneity is about twice as large for the randomized studies", "2Jggy9c814A-00280-00171144-00171678": "compared to the non-randomized studies. You can also see this now in the forest plot,", "2Jggy9c814A-00281-00171732-00172380": "where the distribution of true effects for the randomized studies has a different mean", "2Jggy9c814A-00282-00172380-00172920": "compared to the non-randomized studies but also has a different amount of variance", "2Jggy9c814A-00283-00172920-00173514": "so this matter allows the amount of heterogeneity to depend on one", "2Jggy9c814A-00284-00173514-00174228": "or multiple predictors or scale variables and so Tau Square now is allowed to be heteroskedastic.", "2Jggy9c814A-00285-00174342-00175002": "Now it turns out that the model above yields identical results to fitting separate random", "2Jggy9c814A-00286-00175002-00175548": "effect models within the two subgroups, which is what I'm doing down here. I fit", "2Jggy9c814A-00287-00175548-00176100": "a standard random effects model to the subset of studies where random is zero", "2Jggy9c814A-00288-00176100-00176694": "and where random is one then I collect some of the information from these two models in", "2Jggy9c814A-00289-00176694-00177438": "a table and so we get the estimated mu for the two subgroups and we get the two Tau squares and", "2Jggy9c814A-00290-00177438-00177972": "these are identical to the two Tau squares that we got from our location scale model.", "2Jggy9c814A-00291-00178080-00178716": "But the location scale model is much more flexible, for example you can include none, one or", "2Jggy9c814A-00292-00178716-00179256": "multiple location and scale variables in the same model and these variables can also be different.", "2Jggy9c814A-00293-00179334-00179934": "The variables can be categorical, so representing subgroups as we have seen before or they can be", "2Jggy9c814A-00294-00179934-00180624": "also quantitative variables and you can also now test if the amount of heterogeneity is related to", "2Jggy9c814A-00295-00180624-00181158": "a scale variable or differs across subgroups and for this we have several different types of tests,", "2Jggy9c814A-00296-00181158-00181884": "so-called wald-type tests, likelihood ratio tests and permutation tests. For example, in the model", "2Jggy9c814A-00297-00181884-00182472": "above alpha 1 represented the difference in heterogeneity between the randomized and the", "2Jggy9c814A-00298-00182472-00183108": "non-randomized studies, so testing whether this is equal to zero is the same as testing whether", "2Jggy9c814A-00299-00183108-00183660": "Tau Square for the non-randomized studies is equal to Tau Square for the randomized studies.", "2Jggy9c814A-00300-00183792-00184260": "On this slide, you can see how these different types of tests can be conducted.", "2Jggy9c814A-00301-00184326-00184938": "If you fit a location scale model and you look at the scale part of the output, here's our estimate", "2Jggy9c814A-00302-00184938-00185634": "of alpha 1, then you immediately get the p-value from the wald type test testing whether this is", "2Jggy9c814A-00303-00185634-00186102": "significantly different from zero. If you want to conduct the likelihood ratio test,", "2Jggy9c814A-00304-00186102-00186894": "you fit another model where you drop the scale variable so here I just have an intercept so", "2Jggy9c814A-00305-00186894-00187470": "this is a reduced model and then I compare these two different models, I get the likelihood ratio", "2Jggy9c814A-00306-00187470-00188184": "test and the corresponding p-value, and finally if we want to do a permutation test, now that", "2Jggy9c814A-00307-00188184-00188850": "reshuffles the data repeatedly in a certain way so there's a certain element of randomness, which", "2Jggy9c814A-00308-00188850-00189624": "I can make reproducible by setting the seed of the random number generator here, then I get the", "2Jggy9c814A-00309-00189624-00190386": "p-value here in the output from the permutation test. Now in all three cases here, all these tests", "2Jggy9c814A-00310-00190386-00191256": "suggest that there is no significant difference or sufficient evidence for a significant difference", "2Jggy9c814A-00311-00191256-00191784": "in the amount of heterogeneity between the randomized and the non-randomized studies.", "2Jggy9c814A-00312-00191850-00192426": "As some more elaborate example, let's consider the data from the meta-analysis by Bangert-Drown", "2Jggy9c814A-00313-00192426-00193128": "and colleagues who examine the effectiveness of a particular intervention for improving educational", "2Jggy9c814A-00314-00193128-00193716": "achievement. In this meta-analysis, the effect sizes are standardized mean differences and the", "2Jggy9c814A-00315-00193716-00194262": "studies differed in their sizes so we have small studies and quite large studies and", "2Jggy9c814A-00316-00194262-00194868": "also in the subject matter that was examined so 28 studies looked at mathematics performance,", "2Jggy9c814A-00317-00194868-00195450": "9 studies looked at a science subject and 11 studies at a social science subject.", "2Jggy9c814A-00318-00195522-00196242": "We will now use both of these variables as location and scale variables in our model and so", "2Jggy9c814A-00319-00196242-00196968": "once we fit this model, we get these results and so here the Intercept corresponds to mathematics,", "2Jggy9c814A-00320-00197040-00197748": "for the average effect size and amount of heterogeneity, the coefficients here represent the", "2Jggy9c814A-00321-00197748-00198384": "difference in effect size for science and social science compared to mathematics or for science", "2Jggy9c814A-00322-00198384-00198960": "and social science compared to mathematics with respect to the amount of heterogeneity and the", "2Jggy9c814A-00323-00198960-00199788": "coefficient for sample size represents the slope of the relationship in terms of effect size and", "2Jggy9c814A-00324-00199788-00200514": "amount of heterogeneity and here we do find some significant relationships, in particular this one", "2Jggy9c814A-00325-00200514-00201318": "and this one. The results therefore suggest that larger studies tended to yield smaller effects", "2Jggy9c814A-00326-00201318-00202026": "and that studies that examine the effectiveness of the intervention in science subjects tended to", "2Jggy9c814A-00327-00202026-00202614": "yield more heterogeneous effects but there was no evidence to suggest that the average effect", "2Jggy9c814A-00328-00202614-00203292": "itself differed for science subjects, so this example shows that there can be different types of", "2Jggy9c814A-00329-00203292-00203988": "relationships in terms of the location or the size of the effects and the amount of heterogeneity.", "2Jggy9c814A-00330-00204054-00204606": "These types of models therefore open up the possibility to examine entirely new research", "2Jggy9c814A-00331-00204606-00205194": "questions, for example comparing different types of interventions not only in terms", "2Jggy9c814A-00332-00205194-00205806": "of the average effect size that they yield but also in terms of the consistency of the effects,", "2Jggy9c814A-00333-00205871-00206460": "but it should be pointed out that due to the increased complexity of these models, you tend to", "2Jggy9c814A-00334-00206460-00207173": "require a larger K or number of studies to obtain meaningful answers here and given that there", "2Jggy9c814A-00335-00207173-00207762": "are different types of tests for testing scale coefficients, these wald type tests, likelihood", "2Jggy9c814A-00336-00207762-00208344": "ratio tests and permutation tests, the question arises which type of test should you pay most", "2Jggy9c814A-00337-00208344-00208914": "attention to. This is something that we are currently examining in a simulation study", "2Jggy9c814A-00338-00208914-00209652": "and finally I am looking at the possibility to fit such types of models in the context of the", "2Jggy9c814A-00339-00209652-00210348": "rma.mv function from the metafor package which is for multi-level and multivariate models,", "2Jggy9c814A-00340-00210348-00210990": "although that type of extension is not entirely trivial. This brings me to the end of this talk,", "2Jggy9c814A-00341-00210990-00211590": "on this slide you have the references and if you have any questions comments or suggestions", "2Jggy9c814A-00342-00211590-00212106": "on this slide, you can see how to get in touch with me. Thank you for your attention!", "2Jggy9c814A-00343-00212178-00212532": "Thanks so much Wolfgang. Shinichi Nakagawa is next", "2Jggy9c814A-00344-00212532-00212958": "with meta-analyses with missing standard deviations with log response ratios.", "2Jggy9c814A-00345-00213419-00213858": "Hello my name is Shinichi Nakagawa. Today I'd like to tell you about", "2Jggy9c814A-00346-00213858-00214656": "our new method on log response ratio and (when) some standard deviations are missing. First", "2Jggy9c814A-00347-00214830-00215484": "I'd like to acknowledge my lab members at UNSW Sydney", "2Jggy9c814A-00348-00215484-00216317": "Australia (Bedegal country) and my co-authors, Becks, Losia, Dan, Alistair and Wolfgang the cat.", "2Jggy9c814A-00349-00216317-00216534": "He sometimestakes the human form. It looks like this.", "2Jggy9c814A-00350-00216696-00217469": "Okay I think some of you may be unfamiliar with log response ratio but everybody probably knows", "2Jggy9c814A-00351-00217469-00218292": "Cohen's d, Hedges' g. This is just a small sample size correction version of Cohen's d.", "2Jggy9c814A-00352-00218292-00218982": "More generally they are known as the standardized mean difference and for the reason I'm gonna show", "2Jggy9c814A-00353-00219180-00220398": "so D equals mean minus another mean divided by pooled standard deviation. Log response ratio", "2Jggy9c814A-00354-00220398-00221442": "is a ratio of 2 mean 2 means and it's logged and it turns out to be the most used standardized or", "2Jggy9c814A-00355-00221442-00221976": "unitless effect size in ecology and evolution so it's important effect size for evolutionary", "2Jggy9c814A-00356-00221976-00222654": "biologists like myself. Okay so you know the missing data everywhere and", "2Jggy9c814A-00357-00222654-00223062": "meta-analytic data are no exception and", "2Jggy9c814A-00358-00223062-00223794": "generally looks like this. When we collect trying to collect descriptive statistics from", "2Jggy9c814A-00359-00223794-00224502": "papers so you get means, standard deviation, sample size for the control and the same thing", "2Jggy9c814A-00360-00224502-00225198": "for the treatment group or experimental group and quite often standard deviations missing.", "2Jggy9c814A-00361-00225198-00225971": "Sometimes occasionally N are missing but that's very rare. So when that happens", "2Jggy9c814A-00362-00225971-00226596": "what we usually do is just delete those rows or cases because you can't calculate", "2Jggy9c814A-00363-00226680-00227219": "log response ratio's sampling variance which we will see the reason why a bit later on.", "2Jggy9c814A-00364-00227219-00227880": "So this when we delete these cases it's called complete-cases approach because we use just", "2Jggy9c814A-00365-00227880-00228630": "to use the cases where SD are not missing but this will lead to some biases overall", "2Jggy9c814A-00366-00228630-00229421": "mean estimates or other meta-analytic parameters. This paper points out this and this paper says we", "2Jggy9c814A-00367-00229421-00230406": "should use multiple imputations otherwise or the meta-analytic results are biased often", "2Jggy9c814A-00368-00230406-00231342": "yeah I guess. And another interesting thing is the survey included in this study showed 75 percent of", "2Jggy9c814A-00369-00231342-00231996": "meta-analytic data in Ecology and Evolution have missing SD so it's a very common", "2Jggy9c814A-00370-00231996-00232854": "problem. And multiple imputation is certainly a solution but the program is, when we run the", "2Jggy9c814A-00371-00232854-00233550": "complex meta-analysis, multiple imputations are very difficult to implement. For example", "2Jggy9c814A-00372-00233550-00234467": "when you have effect size, multiple effect size from the same studies. Or ecology and evolution,", "2Jggy9c814A-00373-00234467-00235290": "we often have multiple species on the top of multiple effects per study. then we have to", "2Jggy9c814A-00374-00235290-00235896": "account for what we call phylogenetic relatedness that gets very complex model in this case multiple", "2Jggy9c814A-00375-00235896-00236610": "imputation technique is very hard to implement so we I was kind of looking for the easiest solution", "2Jggy9c814A-00376-00236712-00237096": "compared to multiple imputation. And I couldn't come up with until", "2Jggy9c814A-00377-00237228-00238116": "I came across this paper by Doncaster and Spake and Rebecca Spake, Becks you saw in the second,", "2Jggy9c814A-00378-00238116-00238866": "acknowledgment slide in this study they did they conducted simulation study and they", "2Jggy9c814A-00379-00238866-00239466": "proposed this formula there with CV and I'd like to explain this so this is the response", "2Jggy9c814A-00380-00239466-00240023": "ratio you've seen this before. Important thing is meta-analysis you need a sampling", "2Jggy9c814A-00381-00240023-00240696": "variance the inverse of this is going to be weight for each cases or each study and this has SD, mean", "2Jggy9c814A-00382-00240750-00241554": "sample size and you can see the SD divided mean can be written as a CV coefficient of variation", "2Jggy9c814A-00383-00241554-00242423": "and they propose rather than using the those CV specific to study, we can calculate overall", "2Jggy9c814A-00384-00242423-00243306": "CV average CV across all the available studies. And you can use that and that would lead to less", "2Jggy9c814A-00385-00243306-00244169": "biased or more accurate overall meta-analytic mean and you are wondering why is that and the reason", "2Jggy9c814A-00386-00244169-00244884": "being they showed us in a simulation is when N is small and quite often so. Many studies and ecology", "2Jggy9c814A-00387-00244884-00245748": "Evolution lots of study has small Ns or sample sizes, SD estimates, so inaccurately yes those are", "2Jggy9c814A-00388-00245748-00246462": "estimates not true SD. This will result in some bias or inaccuracy in an over all mean. So that's", "2Jggy9c814A-00389-00246462-00247098": "quite cool. But when I was reading this paper toward the end of this paper they said actually", "2Jggy9c814A-00390-00247194-00247944": "um this CV, average CV can be calculated then there's missing data because average CV can", "2Jggy9c814A-00391-00247944-00248598": "be calculated without or you know excluding those missing cases and you can use average CV", "2Jggy9c814A-00392-00248598-00249180": "for those missing cases and I thought oh this will solve everything this is why we conducted", "2Jggy9c814A-00393-00249180-00249828": "this new study and the proposed different new methods which I'm going to tell you about.", "2Jggy9c814A-00394-00250014-00250440": "So as you have already seen this is the Doncaster& Spake", "2Jggy9c814A-00395-00250554-00251016": "estimator and they use for sampling variance or response", "2Jggy9c814A-00396-00251016-00251652": "ratio - they use average CV. We made two improvements for this, is we actually used", "2Jggy9c814A-00397-00251712-00252492": "it looks scary but it's just a weighted average CV giving more weights on the study with higher", "2Jggy9c814A-00398-00252492-00253128": "sample size. Another one is that those two latter terms it's a small sample size correction.", "2Jggy9c814A-00399-00253128-00254112": "It's a bit like Hedges' g to Cohen's d. So what's the study? So we had 4 methods but I want to just", "2Jggy9c814A-00400-00254112-00254819": "share with you, the two method of missing cases, all cases. So you've seen this before grades are", "2Jggy9c814A-00401-00254819-00255558": "missing data and we use this sampling variance let's call the v tilde that's our estimator and", "2Jggy9c814A-00402-00255558-00256319": "those missing standard deviations we replace with our V tilde. For all cases method we use", "2Jggy9c814A-00403-00256319-00257123": "all for all regardless it's missing SD or not use this V tilde for all the studies", "2Jggy9c814A-00404-00257214-00257862": "or all cases I guess. So we conducted simulation and this is our simulation", "2Jggy9c814A-00405-00257976-00258708": "Actually we vary the degree of missingness from five % to up to 30 %. It's surprising", "2Jggy9c814A-00406-00258708-00259373": "thing is biased log response ratio here is a bias and overall overall meta- analytic mean", "2Jggy9c814A-00407-00259373-00260136": "and all cases performs really well close to zero, zero bias. Next are missing cases. What we had is", "2Jggy9c814A-00408-00260136-00260898": "surprising so full data one is when we simulated that data set didn't have any missing data that's", "2Jggy9c814A-00409-00260898-00261642": "really counterintuitive because that should this should perform least biased yeah with least bias.", "2Jggy9c814A-00410-00261642-00262368": "But you may remember the Doncaster Spake paper what they showed is sometimes each", "2Jggy9c814A-00411-00262368-00263082": "study has a too few sample size and that affects the accuracy of the meta-analytic mean estimate", "2Jggy9c814A-00412-00263082-00263862": "so that's what's happening. So actually it turns out to be using the new estimator our estimator", "2Jggy9c814A-00413-00263862-00264642": "for the sampling variance would perform the best and we don't show this here. It performs in like", "2Jggy9c814A-00414-00264642-00265308": "estimating heterogeniety coverage everything is better for all cases and the missing cases", "2Jggy9c814A-00415-00265308-00266088": "compared to full data which is surprising. So conclusion. All cases method the best one", "2Jggy9c814A-00416-00266088-00266796": "but we should also probably run the missing- cases as a sort of sensitivity analysis. To", "2Jggy9c814A-00417-00266880-00267690": "see you know you have a you get consistent result and what we can say the biggest conclusion is all", "2Jggy9c814A-00418-00267690-00268452": "future meta-analysis can use our method because regardless how complex or how un-complex your", "2Jggy9c814A-00419-00268452-00269160": "meta-analysis model models are, you can use this method easily because only you need to get you", "2Jggy9c814A-00420-00269160-00269766": "need to get the weighted average of CV then you can plug in. One thing I didn't tell you about", "2Jggy9c814A-00421-00269766-00270492": "is assumption of normality log response ratio is passed proposed by Hedges that's the same hedges", "2Jggy9c814A-00422-00270492-00271426": "hedges for the Hedges' g. And this formulas seem to fail and there's a lot of count data or not", "2Jggy9c814A-00423-00271426-00272094": "normal. Yes so lots of count data in ecology and evolution so we need to be careful. In such case", "2Jggy9c814A-00424-00272094-00272832": "we propose several different couple of different solutions for this all in this web page it's", "2Jggy9c814A-00425-00272832-00273438": "connected to the paper. You can find this in the web page for the paper or it's here and thank you.", "2Jggy9c814A-00426-00273774-00274404": "Thanks very much Shinichi. Up next,", "2Jggy9c814A-00427-00274404-00274848": "Sabine Patzl will be talking to us about using multiverse and specification curve", "2Jggy9c814A-00428-00274848-00275334": "analyzes as an assessment of generality of effects for MASEMs. Over to you Sabine!", "2Jggy9c814A-00429-00275538-00276120": "Hi my name is Sabina Patzl and I'm a PhD student at the Technical University of Munich and today", "2Jggy9c814A-00430-00276120-00276582": "I would like to talk to you about how we use Multiverse and specification curve analysis", "2Jggy9c814A-00431-00276582-00277290": "as an assessment of generality of effects for our major analytical structural equation model where", "2Jggy9c814A-00432-00277290-00277872": "we're looking at the relationship between creative potential and creative self-assessment measures.", "2Jggy9c814A-00433-00277872-00278454": "I would like to start off with a quick theoretical background so basically it's assumed that everyone", "2Jggy9c814A-00434-00278454-00279234": "has a certain amount of creative potential within them two indicators of creative potential are", "2Jggy9c814A-00435-00279234-00279792": "for example: divergent thinking and intelligence. Both of which correlate with creative achievement.", "2Jggy9c814A-00436-00279918-00280596": "However creative potential does not necessarily lead to creative achievements", "2Jggy9c814A-00437-00280716-00281622": "as the relationship might be partially influenced by factors relating to the creative self such as", "2Jggy9c814A-00438-00281622-00282180": "for example creative self beliefs. This is why we chose to look at the relationship", "2Jggy9c814A-00439-00282180-00282792": "between creative self-assessment measures and two indicators of creative potential", "2Jggy9c814A-00440-00282792-00283740": "being intelligence and divergent thinking. We use structural equation modeling specifically TSSEM", "2Jggy9c814A-00441-00283740-00284562": "with an extension for random effects models and the WPL approach as multiple studies reported", "2Jggy9c814A-00442-00284562-00285294": "more than one effect size. And we assume that to be dependencies among effect sizes, to test", "2Jggy9c814A-00443-00285294-00286308": "a robust or structural equation model is we use subgroup analysis to test whether the parameters", "2Jggy9c814A-00444-00286308-00287256": "estimates are actually equal across CSA type, so creative self-assessment types and age groups.", "2Jggy9c814A-00445-00287454-00287880": "And just a quick heads up, these are all preliminary data so please don't", "2Jggy9c814A-00446-00287880-00288330": "interpret them. I just wanted to give you an idea how our models look like.", "2Jggy9c814A-00447-00288402-00288966": "So for example we are looking at the relationship between Divergent thinking", "2Jggy9c814A-00448-00288966-00289560": "and creative self-assessments and testing whether they are mediated for example by intelligence.", "2Jggy9c814A-00449-00289632-00290262": "We're also as I already told you during subgroup analysis so we look at the different", "2Jggy9c814A-00450-00290262-00290712": "models depending on whether children's were assessed or for example adults were assessed.", "2Jggy9c814A-00451-00291066-00291498": "One downside of meta-analytical structural equation modeling is actually", "2Jggy9c814A-00452-00291618-00292080": "that you're it's kind of limited when it comes to how many different moderators you", "2Jggy9c814A-00453-00292080-00292842": "can include at the same time, which is why we chose to also apply or use another approach", "2Jggy9c814A-00454-00292842-00293484": "to test the robustness of our model being multiverse and specification curve analysis.", "2Jggy9c814A-00455-00293796-00294480": "As I already told you, we're looking at different age groups and different", "2Jggy9c814A-00456-00294480-00295230": "creative self-assessment types but there are various other moderator variables for example:", "2Jggy9c814A-00457-00295344-00296016": "what kind of diversion thinking outcome was used, the test modality of Divergent thinking,", "2Jggy9c814A-00458-00296016-00296754": "whether there was some kind of time condition in the tests and so on... And all these different", "2Jggy9c814A-00459-00296754-00297546": "moderators you could say could potentially influence our primary studies and in that", "2Jggy9c814A-00460-00297546-00298140": "they could also influence our moderator or our or metadata infrastructural equation model.", "2Jggy9c814A-00461-00298278-00298944": "When doing multiverse analysis these different factors which at all are called", "2Jggy9c814A-00462-00298944-00299712": "worried this before are actually called \"which factors\" as you're thinking about which data could", "2Jggy9c814A-00463-00299712-00300672": "possibly been have been analyzed in the primary studies. And you're also looking at how factors,", "2Jggy9c814A-00464-00300672-00301458": "which basically tell you how the data is meta-analyzed and what you're doing", "2Jggy9c814A-00465-00301458-00302172": "is you're combining all these different kind of which factors and the subgroups, so for example", "2Jggy9c814A-00466-00302370-00303000": "whether female sample was used, children were investigated, fluency was reported as an outcome", "2Jggy9c814A-00467-00303000-00303648": "and so on... And you're combining these with the different Health factors and these lead to", "2Jggy9c814A-00468-00303786-00304116": "a lot of different specifications", "2Jggy9c814A-00469-00304194-00304728": "and for all of which we are computing at the analytical summary effects.", "2Jggy9c814A-00470-00304794-00305466": "And at the end we're basically comparing all these possible meta-analytical summary effects", "2Jggy9c814A-00471-00305466-00306318": "and we get a mean over these summary effects and it tells us how robust a correlation is,", "2Jggy9c814A-00472-00306318-00307218": "depending on which data was analyzed and how the data was analyzed. And yeah we're doing the meta", "2Jggy9c814A-00473-00307218-00307818": "or this multiverse specification curve analysis for all our bivariate relationships so for,", "2Jggy9c814A-00474-00307818-00308388": "CSA and divergent thinking , divergent thinking intelligence as well as intelligence and CSA.", "2Jggy9c814A-00475-00308622-00309066": "Just as a way to get an idea of how robust our", "2Jggy9c814A-00476-00309192-00309444": "meta-analytic structural equation model actually is.", "2Jggy9c814A-00477-00309738-00310272": "I would like to show you our specification curve from the relationship between divergesion", "2Jggy9c814A-00478-00310272-00310692": "of thinking and creative self-assessment measures and to give you an idea how it", "2Jggy9c814A-00479-00310692-00311688": "could look like or it looks like at the moment. Yeah so at the top part of the model , you can", "2Jggy9c814A-00480-00311688-00312480": "see on the dark line, which are the summary effects from all our different specifications.", "2Jggy9c814A-00481-00312792-00313206": "These colored areas are the respective confidence intervals,", "2Jggy9c814A-00482-00313314-00314346": "so for example this summary effect over here, with this quite large confidence interval, then we're", "2Jggy9c814A-00483-00314346-00315492": "going down to the bottom part of the plot and was computed using a total sex sample with adults", "2Jggy9c814A-00484-00315666-00316530": "modality and down here you have to the how factors so this gives us the information on which kind of", "2Jggy9c814A-00485-00316530-00317130": "which factors and how factors were used. How do we are combined and what kind of summary", "2Jggy9c814A-00486-00317130-00318042": "effect are yielded. We also get information by the colors, so for example a warmer or hot", "2Jggy9c814A-00487-00318042-00318606": "colors represent combinations of which and how factors that only included a few effect", "2Jggy9c814A-00488-00318606-00319422": "sizes and cooler colors such as blue or green represent a combination with more effect sizes.", "2Jggy9c814A-00489-00319578-00320724": "And when looking at or or graph you can see that there are a lot of effect sizes in the middle of", "2Jggy9c814A-00490-00320724-00321474": "the plot and that actually the magnitude doesn't increase a lot, so most of our effects is actually", "2Jggy9c814A-00491-00321474-00322302": "in the area of 0.1- 0.2 and which basically speaks for a robustness of our effect of especially when", "2Jggy9c814A-00492-00322302-00323016": "you're considering all these different kind of possible specifications. Next of, we looked at or", "2Jggy9c814A-00493-00323016-00323592": "we look at the look at the total Summary effect from all these different kind of specifications", "2Jggy9c814A-00494-00323688-00324432": "which is a correlation of 0.17 and as you can see 50%of all our different", "2Jggy9c814A-00495-00324432-00325158": "combinations of which and how factors yielded, a summary effect between 0.13 and 0.21 so are", "2Jggy9c814A-00496-00325350-00326178": "correlation seems to be quite robust. We can also use a parametric bootstrapping approach to to", "2Jggy9c814A-00497-00326178-00327024": "inferential testing the red curve represents our specification curve and the gray area is", "2Jggy9c814A-00498-00327228-00327900": "basically the curve under the null scenario of a possible zero effect which clearly deviates", "2Jggy9c814A-00499-00327900-00328458": "from a specification curve. So at least for the relationship between divergent thinking", "2Jggy9c814A-00500-00328458-00329310": "and creative self-assessment measures are after included correlations seem to be quite robust.", "2Jggy9c814A-00501-00329406-00330150": "So you could say, it doesn't matter that we can't include so", "2Jggy9c814A-00502-00330150-00330768": "many different moderator variables and as the correlations seem to be quite robust.", "2Jggy9c814A-00503-00331314-00331830": "That's it for my talk, I hope it gave you an idea how you can Multiverse use Multiverse", "2Jggy9c814A-00504-00331830-00332514": "and specification curve analysis to test the robustness of your meta-analytical structural", "2Jggy9c814A-00505-00332514-00333294": "equation model. As I already told you, we would like to do this the same analysis", "2Jggy9c814A-00506-00333294-00333942": "for the other two bavariate relationships as well to test how robust are a model is", "2Jggy9c814A-00507-00334110-00334662": "yeah if you're generally or if you're interested in our project feel free to", "2Jggy9c814A-00508-00334662-00335364": "write me an email. We also did a pre-registration of the study and that's it for today, thank you.", "2Jggy9c814A-00509-00335460-00336042": "Thanks so much, Sabine. That's it for this session. I hope that you've enjoyed it - it was a", "2Jggy9c814A-00510-00336042-00336636": "really fascinating set of talks, lots to get your teeth into! We'll be coming back again shortly,", "2Jggy9c814A-00511-00336636-00337092": "but for now that's it. Please keep your questions coming in Via Twitter - the", "2Jggy9c814A-00512-00337092-00337524": "presenters will be around for the next few hours or days, so if you tag them in", "2Jggy9c814A-00513-00337524-00337914": "a question they'll be able to get back to you as soon as they can. Thanks very much!"}}, {"audio_id": "2JLOzPjZBWy", "text": {"2JLOzPjZBWy-00000-00004564-00005089": "And dissolving it into tetrahydrofuran so this is a complete dissolution the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00001-00005089-00005860": "plastic will dissolve and we now have a solution if you Sonic eight this sample", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00002-00005860-00006547": "while the when you first put the PVC toy in typically with the 1530 minute", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00003-00006547-00006754": "sonication you'll have a completely dissolve", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00004-00006754-00007138": "solution so it makes things a little bit quicker after we have a dissolve", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00005-00007138-00007639": "solution will precipitate in hexanes this removes a PVC from the solution so", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00006-00007639-00008092": "we'll get a solid precipitate that leaves a phalates in solution makes it a", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00007-00008092-00008529": "little bit easier to analyze so we'll move into the analysis step with GCMs", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00008-00008529-00009079": "and I'll mention here that the cpsc method allows for several alternative", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00009-00009079-00009597": "methods within it this is too important for testing labs of labs already", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00010-00009597-00010063": "familiar or likes to use a certain test method that method those that are listed", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00011-00010063-00010572": "are available to use instead so generally the alternative methods", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00012-00010572-00011050": "usually what differs is the extraction technique and most of them fall into one", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00013-00011050-00011467": "of the categories I have listed here a couple of them fall into just a typical", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00014-00011467-00011950": "fluid extraction where you're cutting up the sample and you're putting it into a", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00015-00011950-00012561": "solvent usually dichloromethane and letting it sit the California Department", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00016-00012561-00013288": "of toxic substances method asked just for a 15 minute time and the Health", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00017-00013288-00013834": "Canada method is much longer rate 12-hour time so even with this with this", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00018-00013834-00014409": "step you have a long range of sample times Sox flu extractions a more of a", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00019-00014409-00014869": "aggressive fluid extraction here you have an apparatus that I have shown on", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00020-00014869-00015475": "the right where your you have a ground-up sample and the solvent is is", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00021-00015475-00015868": "heated and then cool the solvent will come down through the sample so you're", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00022-00015868-00016357": "having a continuous extraction with fresh solvent usually the the methods", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00023-00016357-00016828": "call for about six hours methods under this category are the the Chinese method", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00024-00016828-00017281": "and European methods which I have listed and also EPA methods there's some other", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00025-00017281-00017725": "older methods that we we see using this as well there are a couple other", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00026-00017725-00018069": "techniques typically found with within the EPA", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00027-00018069-00018708": "methodologies they were looking at using different tools for your extraction such", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00028-00018708-00019386": "as using a microwave pressurized fluid extraction or ultrasonic extraction and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00029-00019386-00020001": "the common bond here we're looking for is an analysis by GCMs we think this is", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00030-00020001-00020430": "important g CMS's are our preferred analysis technique because it's", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00031-00020430-00021114": "qualitative and quantitative here I have a chromatogram shown of an analysis with", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00032-00021114-00021767": "a standard of all six of the specifically regulated phalates and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00033-00021767-00022301": "generally we're getting a pretty good separation especially for the lower", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00034-00022301-00023067": "molecular weight ones and obviously the dno PDI NP + di DP which you see in the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00035-00023067-00023601": "later half the chromatogram alone around 11 12 minutes that's where things get a", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00036-00023601-00024000": "little bit trickier and we'll be talking a little bit more about that today we", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00037-00024000-00024678": "specified GCMs because some older methods call for GCF ID and simply put", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00038-00024678-00024981": "if you're having any overlap and you're chromatogram with different with", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00039-00024981-00025467": "different phalates f ID is just not strong enough to get a full qualitative", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00040-00025467-00026183": "and quantitative assessment so I'm gonna briefly go over some common problems I'm", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00041-00026183-00026577": "gonna give you very very simple problems and very simple solutions that probably", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00042-00026577-00027126": "don't do these justice but just to get a the the ideas flowing for discussion", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00043-00027126-00027810": "later some common questions we get often people are asked is there a standard", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00044-00027810-00028581": "reference material for phalates in PVC another common problem is false positive", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00045-00028581-00029199": "results many of manufacturers someone else might say I did not put phalates in", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00046-00029199-00029616": "this item I'm sure there's no phalates in this item but the test lab still said", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00047-00029616-00030197": "that that there are phalates in this so that could either come under a false", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00048-00030197-00030737": "positive result or a result of contamination somewhere along the lines", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00049-00030737-00031191": "another issue is the identity of dice and Nona land dice adecco Fowley", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00050-00031191-00031733": "both of these phalates actually have multiple cast numbers so there's", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00051-00031733-00032208": "different ways of making these compounds and there's a different chemical formula", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00052-00032208-00032910": "of these compounds so try it to trying to summarize some of these issues and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00053-00032910-00033633": "solutions as best we can there are multiple issues of the cpsc", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00054-00033633-00034071": "method it's been updated a few times we're now on the third version sometimes", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00055-00034071-00034572": "people with problems they'll contact us and say well I was following the first", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00056-00034572-00035019": "version of this and this is a problem I've had there are there are significant", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00057-00035019-00035415": "advancements between the versions so make sure you're definitely using the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00058-00035415-00036102": "most current one we have an interagency agreement with NIST to develop standard", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00059-00036102-00036669": "reference materials this has been an ongoing project the last update has been", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00060-00036669-00037137": "that they're hoping to have something within the next calendar year we'll see", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00061-00037137-00037797": "how that develops but this is a promising idea there's also some", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00062-00037797-00038168": "companies that we've seen I believe specs Serta prep has started issuing a", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00063-00038168-00038789": "certified reference material they have a specific level of phalates in", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00064-00038789-00039258": "polyethylene so that's another frontier you can look with standards companies", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00065-00039258-00039672": "they may also be developing their own or looking for something along those lines", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00066-00039672-00040317": "I mentioned contamination before this is possible and this is a good question to", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00067-00040317-00040836": "ask if you're a manufacturer or seller essentially from the starting points at", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00068-00040836-00041196": "the endpoint have I looked at every possible area where phalates can come", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00069-00041196-00041769": "into my line we've heard of recycling plastics sometimes people use recycled", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00070-00041769-00042204": "plastics that had fights and before and that could that level of phalates and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00071-00042204-00042927": "the new material could be enough to lead to a failure also is the equipment", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00072-00042927-00043221": "that's being used and they've run phalates and they've been properly", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00073-00043221-00043809": "cleaned essentially you need to break down and look at every step are you sure", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00074-00043809-00044361": "that every step of the way is there's no way that contamination can come in to", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00075-00044361-00044918": "this issue and finally a lot of our suggestions and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00076-00044918-00045398": "emphasis is on qualitative analysis by technical staff and I'll be going into", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00077-00045398-00046130": "this more but we have a few key points here we are CPSC method calls for a", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00078-00046130-00046505": "retention time match with a standard phalates so make sure when you're", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00079-00046505-00046847": "looking at the chromatogram and the chromatogram of a sample a retention", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00080-00046847-00047351": "time must match or else that should be a red flag also a mass spectrum match this", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00081-00047351-00047771": "and not just a general mass spectrum but the iron ratio is very important and can", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00082-00047771-00048371": "help in identifying blank analysis is crucial for looking for contamination", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00083-00048371-00048803": "within the lab result itself if you run a blank and you're seeing phalates in", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00084-00048803-00049310": "there that means you have contamination along somewhere along the line if people", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00085-00049310-00049871": "are reusing glassware we found in our lab that our GCMs Inlet liner sometimes", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00086-00049871-00050396": "can carry these fat lights over so it's they're persistent enough that they can", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00087-00050396-00051002": "come along the line even within the lab and I mentioned before the ein P and D", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00088-00051002-00051536": "IDP have multiple caste numbers if you look closely new and you get standards", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00089-00051536-00051959": "of both you'll see there chromatogram peak shape is a little different so this", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00090-00051959-00052385": "is a great way to identify which material you're working for and you", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00091-00052385-00052952": "should be if you're quantifying one specific caste number of di MP or di DP", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00092-00052952-00053558": "your standard should be that same caste number so you get a fully well developed", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00093-00053558-00054158": "match so I'll just give you a few examples of why a strong qualitative", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00094-00054158-00054704": "assessment I'll help here I have two chromatograms one is of di NP and the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00095-00054704-00055226": "other is of a common Fallot alternative din CH if you're looking at the peak", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00096-00055226-00055567": "shape they mostly look the same if you're looking specifically at peaks and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00097-00055567-00056039": "valleys you can kind of tell they're a little different but our experience and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00098-00056039-00056504": "I can see this translating to other labs is if you have a sort of an automated", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00099-00056504-00056828": "quantification procedure where the computer will sort of do the work for", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00100-00056828-00057314": "you if it's looking for a broad peak in this time range it may not know the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00101-00057314-00057904": "difference between the InP and di di n CH so here this is where", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00102-00057904-00058508": "mass spectrum look can really illusi eight the differences the Dench base ion", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00103-00058508-00059254": "is 155 vs di NP which is 149 so all really takes is a quick look at the mass", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00104-00059254-00059629": "spectrum and you'll be able to tell the difference", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00105-00059633-00060152": "another issue we've run into is DN o P vs. dioctyl terephthalate another common", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00106-00060152-00060713": "alternative here I have chromatograms of the two of those you can see the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00107-00060713-00061189": "retention time is awfully close 11.15 minutes versus eleven point 100 minutes", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00108-00061189-00061873": "and here I've noticed that our our previous settings for our computer", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00109-00061873-00062462": "quantification program if the tolerances are empty enough or are wide enough", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00110-00062462-00062813": "sorry it may not be able to tell the difference especially since their math", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00111-00062813-00063152": "spectrum is pretty similar if you're looking if you're running a sim scan and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00112-00063152-00064157": "looking at the typical DN o P Mass ions do T P covers those as well but if you", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00113-00064157-00064591": "do if you're thorough and follow through with your qualitative assessment you'll", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00114-00064591-00065174": "see here's our DN o P a typical mass spectrum they speak again is 149 there's", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00115-00065174-00065816": "a little bit of 167 and 279 mass ions we'll compare that directly with do T P", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00116-00065816-00066452": "and here you can see the the jump and the 261 ion it's almost 50% relative to", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00117-00066452-00067088": "149 so if you're looking if you're again if you're doing an automated program you", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00118-00067088-00068057": "might get a false positive here if you had do T P so okay so we'll start to", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00119-00068057-00068528": "shift into the the rest of the talk here or the rest of the symposium with the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00120-00068528-00068987": "discussion about emerging technologies we'll have a block of speakers today", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00121-00068987-00069470": "discussing portable spectroscopy we've started using this as a valley screening", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00122-00069470-00070373": "tool a general kind of yes or no might this item have phalates it's when this", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00123-00070373-00071012": "law was passed people commonly asked well what's the XRF i'll so if we're", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00124-00071012-00071608": "looking for an X or F for lead what's the fal 8 comparable option we have and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00125-00071608-00072295": "this is so far the most promising technology also I'll refer you to this a", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00126-00072295-00072832": "paper by Zhang at all last year from chemical communications they developed a", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00127-00072832-00073252": "colorimetric test it's a different application they're looking for phalates", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00128-00073252-00073789": "in water but I imagine with the right ingenuity and the right research this", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00129-00073789-00074288": "might be adapted for toys or childcare articles they use modified gold", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00130-00074288-00074756": "nanoparticles that actually changed color and water when my lights were", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00131-00074756-00075289": "present and also we're big fans of direct analysis in real time mass", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00132-00075289-00075739": "spectrometry I will have a talk on that later so I won't steal too much of that", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00133-00075739-00076229": "thunder but it's promising for a screening tool and we think with the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00134-00076229-00076736": "right research possibly also qualification method so just a couple", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00135-00076736-00077261": "more sources for information we have CPSC has its own phalates website where", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00136-00077261-00077762": "you can get information common questions also we have a lab frequently asked", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00137-00077762-00078100": "questions page there if you're interested more in the chronic hazard", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00138-00078100-00078587": "advisory panel there's also a website for that they should be issuing a ruling", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00139-00078587-00079193": "I believe in that within the calendar year there's currently an ASTM workgroup", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00140-00079193-00079787": "focused simply on phalion analysis for low level percentages so I have this", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00141-00079787-00080293": "information here and finally EPA has a design for an Environment Program and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00142-00080293-00080500": "they're looking at alternatives to phalates", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00143-00080500-00080983": "generally the idea is anyone that's interested in the valley realm and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00144-00080983-00081418": "they're interested in alternatives they can propose alternatives I think they'll", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00145-00081418-00081872": "be looking at some toxicology issues so any company that's looking to move this", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00146-00081872-00082790": "might be a good website to follow and with that I'll take any questions yeah", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00147-00082790-00083342": "oh so he asks what NIST is this is the National Institute for Standards and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00148-00083342-00084602": "Technology yes we consider screening just essentially a tool or a method to", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00149-00084602-00085130": "kind of give you a generic yes-or-no answer if phalates are present when we", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00150-00085130-00085475": "look as a screening tool for if we're looking for lead we use x-ray", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00151-00085475-00085949": "fluorescence as a screening tool this will give us like essentially 30 seconds", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00152-00085949-00086405": "to a minute we have a general idea of if light is present or there so that's sort", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00153-00086405-00087877": "of the itinerary we're looking for with valleys he asked if there's a acceptable", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00154-00087877-00088355": "level for screening as far as false positives or not I think that's to be", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00155-00088355-00088796": "determined you know we're trying to work with its each technology will have its", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00156-00088796-00089252": "own limitations and you know I think the best we can get on any regards will", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00157-00089252-00089765": "we'll work with for now I mean for a generic tool if you know are the limits", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00158-00089765-00090260": "0.1% and I think for a final screening tool it will be able to it'll need to be", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00159-00090260-00090785": "able to reach that but there might be different ways to adapt back technology", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00160-00090785-00091640": "or different applications to try and use that to your best advantage hi I'm Joel", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00161-00091640-00091985": "rectum the chemistry division director here I just wanted to add to that the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00162-00091985-00092452": "the what's needed from a screening tool depends somewhat on what it's being used", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00163-00092452-00093402": "for as well so affirm we have a speaker here from BASF today BASF produces", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00164-00093402-00094166": "phthalates there need to screen for four products you know for perhaps impurities", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00165-00094166-00094538": "in their line are different than the needs that we have as a regulatory", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00166-00094538-00095075": "agency or a manufacturer who might look to do screening in between their full", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00167-00095075-00095612": "tests so you know there can still be room for for these screening methods", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00168-00095612-00096244": "where it makes sense in a particular end use", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00169-00096838-00098974": "I'm sorry oh yeah we we consider screen printing applicable to regulation yes", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00170-00099741-00100382": "well I think we're we'd like to work towards that point it would be ideal but", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00171-00100382-00100789": "we don't think it's at that point yet", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00172-00101542-00102203": "yeah we think they've been used for oh I'm sorry has do TPD a little", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00173-00102203-00102803": "terephthalate been in use often yes we we have we've we're familiar with it we", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00174-00102803-00103150": "think it's been used and used for a while", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00175-00103544-00103967": "that's not my I'm not I can't answer that that that would be a good question", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00176-00103967-00104662": "for the EPA design for alternatives and and the chronic hazard advisory panel", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00177-00104809-00105386": "all right great why don't we move along our next speaker is Raphael Costa from", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00178-00105386-00105632": "Agilent", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00179-00106558-00107127": "thank you thank you Matt for inviting me here to", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00180-00107127-00107502": "this symposium is very exciting for us to be here and what I'm gonna do today", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00181-00107502-00107909": "is share with you some of the different mass spectrometry techniques that may", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00182-00107909-00108605": "aid you in solving that problem of contamination or library matching or", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00183-00108605-00109077": "retention times matching up what are some of the tools that we could use and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00184-00109077-00109404": "what are some of the applications that admins are our scientists in the field", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00185-00109404-00109917": "have developed to meet this growing need of phthalates and consumer products and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00186-00109917-00110475": "specific in toys and in particular so I'll go through some of the GCMs", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00187-00110475-00110933": "portfolio the different technologies of different flavors of mass spectrometry", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00188-00110933-00111417": "that could aid you in identifying phthalates in a way that gives you that", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00189-00111417-00111777": "much more confidence in your lab I'll go throughout the application notes", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00190-00111777-00112119": "developed by our scientist in the field and then we'll go through some of the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00191-00112119-00112500": "ongoing work that we internally at Agilent are working with to solve this", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00192-00112500-00112974": "problem of trying to reach the levels required and the different technologies", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00193-00112974-00113493": "and level of confidence in your results so for example the Agilent GCMs our", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00194-00113493-00113997": "portfolio includes not only single quartz ion traps mobile mass", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00195-00113997-00114620": "spectrometers as well as high-end triple quads and now cute off technology for", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00196-00114620-00115050": "mass spectrometry what I will do is I'll say how each of these different", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00197-00115050-00115521": "techniques apply to your particular analysis what are some of the extra", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00198-00115521-00115983": "information that you get from each individual technique so for example we", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00199-00115983-00116556": "know we have here the usual suspects of the phthalates of interest but their", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00200-00116556-00116959": "caste number their molecular weights and there are corresponding ions for sim", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00201-00116959-00117540": "analysis the typical GC conditions that was used in this particular application", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00202-00117540-00118266": "was a very mirror column 0.25 0.25 micron db5 ultra inner column that this", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00203-00118266-00118658": "will allow allow you to have more the ultra nurnies allows you to have more", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00204-00118658-00119148": "runs per sample let's bleed in your chromatograms since", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00205-00119148-00119766": "our mass specs are very sensitive there is a split ratio of 20 to 1 to avoid", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00206-00119766-00120189": "contamination and column overload carrier gases helium", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00207-00120189-00120683": "however we're noticing that customers are asking us hey can we use hydrogen", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00208-00120683-00121133": "for analysis and that's something that you definitely can't do with your single", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00209-00121133-00121728": "quads GCMs however we're trying to see how that could aid you more but the cost", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00210-00121728-00122103": "of helium as you may or may not know is going up drastically recently and we're", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00211-00122103-00122445": "trying to address that in terms of uh how can we take advantage of the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00212-00122445-00122883": "properties of hydrogen as carrier gas which is not a new thing in Europe they", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00213-00122883-00123192": "currently use that's the carrier gas of choice hope", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00214-00123192-00123705": "and we're trying to make our us customers aware of this as well not only", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00215-00123705-00124215": "do you get the benefits of maybe having a reducing your cost of analysis by", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00216-00124215-00124632": "having hydrogen through a hydrogen generator in your lab but also have", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00217-00124632-00125004": "faster chromatography so we definitely want to ensure that you're aware of", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00218-00125004-00125433": "though of that the possibility that that could bring to your labs well for", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00219-00125433-00126069": "example here we have a total iron chromatogram of a pacifier extract on", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00220-00126069-00126531": "spiked and spiked with two parts per million phthalic mixture on top you see", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00221-00126531-00127083": "the mutilated hydroxy toluene as the main peak in the pacifier however when", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00222-00127083-00127680": "we spiked it at 2 ppm we're still able to see this in matrix uh very nicely so", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00223-00127680-00128343": "again not the DI MP and the DI p di DP are very uh a little bit less sensitive", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00224-00128343-00128997": "to particular analysis of VII however there are things that that are mentioned", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00225-00128997-00129474": "throughout my presentation that may allow you to see higher levels of these", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00226-00129474-00130092": "particular compás and we'll go through that as well okay so for example you're", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00227-00130092-00130419": "talking about sample cleanup and contamination one possible way to avoid", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00228-00130419-00130944": "contamination may be to use the SPME or solid phase microextraction in your", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00229-00130944-00131382": "analysis which reduces some of the the non analytes of interest of all the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00230-00131382-00131793": "matrix of your particular toys or analysis that would allow you to have", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00231-00131793-00132213": "cleaner chromatograms and less contamination and more throughput per", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00232-00132213-00132816": "samples went through GCMs okay so for example so these for these particular", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00233-00132816-00133167": "compounds of interest these phthalates of interest we are able to regional of", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00234-00133167-00133596": "in the level of from 0.25 milligrams per litre to 10", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00235-00133596-00134073": "with a linear dynamic range and we have individual retention times for these so", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00236-00134073-00134602": "we could definitely identify them not only based on retention time but also on", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00237-00134602-00135096": "their spectrum as well with the GCMs one of the things that you may be that you", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00238-00135096-00135411": "may have is if you're doing high throughput analysis in your lab and you", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00239-00135411-00135794": "want to ensure have one method through all your lab you want to ensure that you", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00240-00135794-00136323": "implore something that we call retention time locking how many of you are used", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00241-00136323-00136805": "GCMs for analysis of valets today in your labs how many of you have an", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00242-00136805-00137244": "Agilent system in your lab and how many of you are using retention time locking", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00243-00137244-00137651": "and your instruments so that each retention time in each instrument that", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00244-00137651-00138236": "you have with the same method is exactly the same one okay I'll talk through that", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00245-00138236-00138599": "I'll go through that in my presentation and how that could aid you and having", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00246-00138599-00139008": "that much more confidence it's one of the hidden secrets that we have and we", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00247-00139008-00139313": "love my job here today is to make you aware of these features that may make", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00248-00139313-00139652": "your life a little easier in the lab when you're analyzing phthalates or", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00249-00139652-00140460": "other compounds of interest as well okay so I'll go here up so for example let's", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00250-00140460-00140796": "say you want to take yours your lab method and you want to take it in the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00251-00140796-00141200": "field in the back of a mobile lab and you want to test at the point of sale of", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00252-00141200-00141638": "our particular product you could do that with our agilent of 50 975 t for", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00253-00141638-00142067": "transportable which implores LTM technology essentially what you have now", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00254-00142067-00142451": "here is you have the same mass spectrometer that you're used to in your", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00255-00142451-00142845": "lab and you're able to take it in the field at 1/3 of the footprint and half", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00256-00142845-00143339": "the power consumption you could run it in as part of a mobile lab if you're", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00257-00143339-00143769": "looking for phalates in the field for example and essentially as I mentioned", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00258-00143769-00144333": "before the otm technology what it does is is essentially by heated oven so", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00259-00144333-00144657": "essentially your capillary column is inductively coupled with a heater that", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00260-00144657-00145139": "allows the maximum a lot of heat transfer very efficient efficiently so", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00261-00145139-00145574": "now you have faster heating and cooling times so your chromatography males will", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00262-00145574-00145955": "also improve you have more sample throughput now chromatograms that will", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00263-00145955-00146453": "take you 20 to 25 minutes for analysis may take you five or less minutes for", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00264-00146453-00146653": "the same analysis and still having the same", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00265-00146653-00147079": "resolution and sensitivity so again that's that's something for you if", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00266-00147079-00147304": "you're not aware of for you to think about if you're thinking about doing", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00267-00147304-00148273": "mobile lab applications of phthalates in the field okay so one of the things that", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00268-00148273-00148651": "they imagined that we that we recently were excited about is the introduction", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00269-00148651-00149311": "of ion trap technology for GCMs and one of the benefits that you receive with", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00270-00149311-00149701": "ion trap technologies the ability to do multiple I announced a ssin techniques", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00271-00149701-00150079": "within the same chromatogram so for example for an ion for particular", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00272-00150079-00150667": "phthalates that may not be as responsive to e.i analysis you could do a CI and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00273-00150667-00150973": "Alice chemical ionic station on the same compound in the same run in same", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00274-00150973-00151417": "chromatogram so you can switch from e-i to CI without changing the source in the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00275-00151417-00151972": "same run which will allow you greater sensitivity and specificity for analytes", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00276-00151972-00152385": "of interest and I'll show a particular example of that in this case we have a", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00277-00152385-00153250": "VI MP and the IPP the IDP and we have them in AI and CI if you notice the e I", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00278-00153250-00153973": "expect from shows the classical Mass 149 s as the after parent peak however if we", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00279-00153973-00154684": "use CI with MTBE liquid MTBE were able to differentiate the two now base you", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00280-00154684-00155377": "see have the molecular ion be the parent peak and now we have 419 and for 47 okay", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00281-00155377-00155758": "the molecular ions in a higher intensity so if this is something that there may", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00282-00155758-00156187": "be interest of you for you to identify the two you have the flexibility of", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00283-00156187-00156805": "doing CI a liquid CI with MTBE to allow you to differentiate those two and give", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00284-00156805-00157222": "you that much more degrees of confidence okay and again this is coupled to the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00285-00157222-00157738": "same 7890 GCC pneumatics are you used to on the front end just a different", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00286-00157738-00158197": "ionization technique iron trap technology on the back end okay so here", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00287-00158197-00159106": "for example in terms of calibration curve for bbp and VBP able to go down to", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00288-00159106-00159864": "levels of one parts per billion or less okay so now we mentioned the other", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00289-00159864-00160242": "labor of mass spectrometer that can be applied to the fellows analysis involves", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00290-00160242-00160662": "the use of a triple quadrupole GCMs and I go briefly into how that operates", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00291-00160662-00161136": "currently in our lab in and Santa Clara are one of our applications our chemists", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00292-00161136-00161607": "and in conjunction with dois we're frontier we have a paralyzer system and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00293-00161607-00162207": "you might hear some of that today but essentially we're analyzing phthalates", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00294-00162207-00162618": "using triple quadruple GCMs and that gives us a different degrees of", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00295-00162618-00162966": "confidence and also lower sensitivity and there's an application now coming", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00296-00162966-00163302": "soon with that information but I talked briefly of some of the preliminary", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00297-00163302-00163773": "results that we that we have obtained so let me give you a little brief overview", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00298-00163773-00164237": "of how triple quadrupole GCMs operates from for example you have your typical", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00299-00164237-00164775": "spectrum so you ionize your samples they give you any I mode in this particular", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00300-00164775-00165180": "example you get a classical spectrum okay everything is ionized broken down", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00301-00165180-00165972": "into individual components however through the first quadrupole we isolate", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00302-00165972-00166464": "one ion in this case we select the most intense ion which is 210 we'll select", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00303-00166464-00167025": "that ion in this particular case and your Simenon die on that iron you pass", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00304-00167025-00167346": "it that iron through a collision cell hit it with some energy and some", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00305-00167346-00167838": "collision gases you're able to break down that ion even further into two", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00306-00167838-00168228": "individual components and then you can monitor multiple ions from that", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00307-00168228-00168699": "secondary fragmentation in this case will be a transition of for example to", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00308-00168699-00169248": "10 go into 158 and 191 which may give you that much more fragmentation and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00309-00169248-00169776": "identification for some of the trouble and lights of interest okay so in this", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00310-00169776-00170268": "case we have a mrm chink thick total iron chromatogram in of phthalates and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00311-00170268-00171063": "lemon oil okay this is this is the mrm take the e i spectra of the NOP and the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00312-00171063-00171555": "triple quad and you can see that the iron ratios are very similar to your", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00313-00171555-00172107": "nest libraries that you're used to and we have developed transition we have", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00314-00172107-00172488": "developed mrm translation multiple reaction monitored transaction for our", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00315-00172488-00172956": "different values of interest where now if you're interested in having more", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00316-00172956-00173480": "information on your salads and in that one particular ion with some", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00317-00173480-00174045": "energy and a collision flow you're able to get to individual transitions one for", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00318-00174045-00174549": "quantitation and one for quality ssin and you're able to develop a set up find", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00319-00174549-00174897": "ratios for each particular transition therefore the ohmmeter particular", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00320-00174897-00175308": "requirements for your quantitation this decreases your for your false positives", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00321-00175308-00175584": "was met what it's talking about about false positives being a big problem", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00322-00175584-00175860": "ms/ms could potentially solve that for you", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00323-00175860-00176613": "reduces the amount of false positives in your thallus analysis okay now for for", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00324-00176613-00177099": "higher quality data and for more interesting results for example you", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00325-00177099-00177672": "could take the power of Q Tov mass accuracy and high resolution for the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00326-00177672-00178164": "analysis of valleys in high matrix you have the ability to do ms/ms and E I as", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00327-00178164-00178944": "well and in this case what we have is our traditional triple quad which is", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00328-00178944-00179397": "based on your single quad mass spectrometer that you used to currently", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00329-00179397-00179704": "use it in your lab we took that technology a step further and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00330-00179704-00180140": "incorporated our trouble quadrant mass spectrometer to our tough mass", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00331-00180140-00180558": "spectrometer that we have in our we had in our LC world that we made this", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00332-00180558-00180933": "marriage of a cute off so now you have the ability of doing full scan high", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00333-00180933-00181569": "resolution high mass accuracy less than 5 ppm mass accuracy and you know I'll", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00334-00181569-00181890": "show you what that gives you what level of information that provides you in a", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00335-00181890-00182478": "second so for example if you're used to looking at your typical single quad mass", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00336-00182478-00182997": "spectrometer and we'll look at Matt's mass 604 what you see in the red is your", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00337-00182997-00183540": "typical spectrum however it with the tough technology you're able to really", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00338-00183540-00184146": "resolve the 613 and the 614 the 649 and you get accurate masses to the point", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00339-00184146-00184482": "that you have more resolution and when we talk about resolution we're talking", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00340-00184482-00184923": "about the space between the two the two different isotopes there let you see", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00341-00184923-00185334": "okay so that's one level of confidence that will also decrease your false", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00342-00185334-00185610": "positive or negative so if you have a high matrix and things that may be", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00343-00185610-00186126": "interfering q top technology with the high- accuracy and resolution may give", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00344-00186126-00186484": "you that extra level of confidence of able to seize the needle in the haystack", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00345-00186484-00187285": "a little bit better okay so for example your typical mass spectrometer has a has", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00346-00187285-00188092": "a insurgency let's say 0.3 a.m. use and for mass 271 for 9:00 8:00 a.m. you", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00347-00188092-00188674": "there are 7600 compounds that are possible based on that mass insurgency", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00348-00188674-00189325": "of 1000 ppm as the as the young certainty decreases let's say to a level", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00349-00189325-00189991": "of 1 ppm parts per million now you have 11 possible compounds that are possible", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00350-00189991-00190528": "with that particular ion of interest so that's where the again reduces your", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00351-00190528-00191152": "false positives or high level of degree of confidence in your analysis also too", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00352-00191152-00191722": "so those of you that are using our our mass spectrometers for the analysis of", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00353-00191722-00192172": "phthalates retention time locking is very important and as Matt discussed", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00354-00192172-00192583": "earlier retention time is one of the requirements for for the methods of", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00355-00192583-00193183": "analysis having retention time locking allows you to have one method on one", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00356-00193183-00193558": "mass spectrometer transfer that method to a second mass spectrometer and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00357-00193558-00193879": "they'll have the exact retention time okay", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00358-00193879-00194230": "and whether you perform current maintenance or not you're able to just", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00359-00194230-00194617": "we lock the method it's very simple to do it just takes five injection you", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00360-00194617-00194923": "could do it overnight or over a lunch break", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00361-00194923-00195397": "or right you can do it actually while you are commissioning your instruments", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00362-00195397-00195829": "for analysis doing your performance check you take one analyte of interest", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00363-00195829-00196315": "you look for that ion what it does is retention time locking what it does it", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00364-00196315-00197107": "incorporates all the possible variations in column length pressure or whether you", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00365-00197107-00197527": "have a difference of a few millimeters going into the inlet or not it takes all", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00366-00197527-00197955": "the possible errors incorporates them into a pressure error and allows you to", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00367-00197955-00198403": "match your retention times with fermented transfer okay so in any system", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00368-00198403-00198736": "across this so you have a lab and the East Coast the west coast the retention", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00369-00198736-00199267": "times will be the same if we're trying to match the new phthalates analytes of", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00370-00199267-00199471": "interest so that's yes you have a question", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00371-00199471-00199851": "that within the same historian if you were to replace a Kabul say could you", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00372-00199851-00200818": "pull the data up and then switch out the column and then run that software runs", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00373-00200818-00201353": "and then have yes yes you can do that while you change", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00374-00201353-00201861": "count that retention time if you want the IP to be at 11 minutes 11 point oo 1", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00375-00201861-00202101": "minute it will be at 11.1 minutes in this", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00376-00202101-00202376": "instrument and that instrument will you change your column every day all day", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00377-00202376-00202776": "year after year and it's free is included in your mouth and your camp", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00378-00202776-00203169": "station software it's a button if you go in your method there will be an option", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00379-00203169-00203691": "instrument retention time lock and I'll ask you to put a violin in a particular", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00380-00203691-00204087": "position position one it'll do five runs at five different pressures and they", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00381-00204087-00204423": "don't make a calibration of pressure versus retention time and then will", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00382-00204423-00204821": "retain that calibration file and then you're able to your mentor will be", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00383-00204821-00205142": "locked to a particular compound so if you want to lock whether on your", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00384-00205142-00205554": "internal standard or whatever it is you can lock in your internal standard and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00385-00205554-00205935": "there was those retention times will match that way you won't have to", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00386-00205935-00206315": "question it this style aid or is it that valid no because it's retention times", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00387-00206315-00206982": "will match all day every day okay again and retention time lock and it's", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00388-00206982-00207573": "available everything from from our 7059 75e single quad to our cubes off okay", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00389-00207573-00207971": "even to your mobile lab if you want to retention time in your mobile lab you", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00390-00207971-00208589": "have that flexibility so again one of things I want to emphasize this and the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00391-00208589-00208950": "other speakers will go into different other front ends that that made you an", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00392-00208950-00209261": "analysis but I wanted to focus in the different capabilities is the take-home", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00393-00209261-00209655": "message here is that if you're looking for routine analysis and you want to do", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00394-00209655-00210060": "next and this is the convolution our single quad will be do a great job if", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00395-00210060-00210750": "you haven't promised with hi matrix interference then there's that's when a", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00396-00210750-00211248": "triple quad may be more suitable for the analysis because we'll give you that mrm", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00397-00211248-00211535": "transition of one iron going through different transitions with two different", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00398-00211535-00211971": "iron ratios so you get more degrees of confidence and if going from E AI to CI", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00399-00211971-00212298": "is something that you really want to do for your analysis to give you that peace", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00400-00212298-00212607": "of mind and give you that much more confidence in your results that's when", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00401-00212607-00213242": "an iron trap with like liquid CI what MTBE may may aid you even more I just", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00402-00213242-00213651": "wanna the references up you can look these up in our application notes and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00403-00213651-00213921": "there's more to come especially specifically on the cubes off", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00404-00213921-00214353": "and the triple quad analysis and I want to give a special thanks to our", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00405-00214353-00214748": "scientists that have worked on this Stefan Bowman fred fighter herm robert", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00406-00214748-00215069": "kubis and matt thank you for inviting us to be here today", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00407-00215069-00215567": "any questions yes", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00408-00217765-00218498": "yes oh yes the question was whether we could use a ammonia CI reagent ah for", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00409-00218498-00218828": "the analysis of phthalates and the answer is yes you can in this particular", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00410-00218828-00219223": "case I was MTBE was used for through the analysis but you could definitely use", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00411-00219223-00219554": "ammonia or even methane of that which but ammonia temps tends to be more", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00412-00219554-00220010": "sensitive in terms of CI from what we've seen in particular for phthalates yes", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00413-00220010-00220492": "good question any any other questions yes", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00414-00220558-00221111": "thus we tension time lock work for multiple analytes the answer is yes what", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00415-00221111-00221528": "we tension time locking does is it takes one particular analyte and typically in", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00416-00221528-00221939": "the middle of your chromatogram so you pick whatever analytes and your lock on", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00417-00221939-00222341": "that and everything else is gonna be relative to that so if you if this", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00418-00222341-00222698": "analyte match everything else should match depending then you have a good", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00419-00222698-00223079": "column in your column is now bad so yes so all the components will be retention", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00420-00223079-00223606": "time locked but you only like a want to compound everything else is relative", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00421-00224752-00225182": "what broader Peaks retention time locking what is gonna do is you're still", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00422-00225182-00225605": "gonna have that broad peak however that broad peak will be at the same time so", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00423-00225605-00225836": "that doesn't say essentially what's gonna happen it's gonna add your your", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00424-00225836-00226127": "your chromatography in terms of resolution but it will give you that", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00425-00226127-00226613": "same time for that blob of gram that you have for the InP yes good question yes", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00426-00226613-00226876": "another question", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00427-00228056-00228558": "okay the question is is our triple Quadra trapping or ions and the answer", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00428-00228558-00228984": "is it's not really trap it is scanning scanning very fast and it's taking a", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00429-00228984-00229448": "selectively passing ions that we select that we want so for example in this", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00430-00229448-00230004": "particular example that I showed let's say you want to isolate 149 I've won a", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00431-00230004-00230481": "and 149 will go through the quad it'll reach a collision cell once it reaches", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00432-00230481-00230871": "the collision cell it will be hit with a particular energy typically between ten", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00433-00230871-00231282": "and fifteen volts electron volt and a collision gas and from there we'll have", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00434-00231282-00231596": "two different transitions that we can monitor typically the most the two", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00435-00231596-00232115": "strongest transitions to give you that much more of degrees of confidence", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00436-00233071-00233441": "the question was where is there any gain-of-function automatic gain function", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00437-00233441-00233804": "the answer is there is no automatic gain however for compounds of interest you", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00438-00233804-00234200": "could adjust the gains in the different time segments so for example for", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00439-00234200-00234575": "analytes that are maybe less sensitive you may adjust the gain at that", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00440-00234575-00235936": "particular moment in time thank you so much up next we have Bob Freeman from", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00441-00235936-00237476": "frontier labs all right good morning I'd like to thank Matt for the opportunity", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00442-00237476-00237803": "to talk about the method it's been in development now for about two or three", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00443-00237803-00238406": "years about about three years ago we started at the ASTM D 20 former", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00444-00238406-00239035": "committee to look at low-level phthalates in polyvinyl chloride and for", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00445-00239035-00239348": "the past two or three years this is what we focused on we've done two sets of", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00446-00239348-00239828": "round-robin samples and we've done independent validation study with some", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00447-00239828-00240173": "laboratories so I'd like to give you just a status report on where that", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00448-00240173-00240592": "method is give you a little bit of data and then I'll also like to kind of", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00449-00240592-00241036": "address the issue of phthalates in hold because you'll notice that for those", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00450-00241036-00241466": "people who do work on methods phthalates our particular problem because the fact", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00451-00241466-00241880": "is that the method no longer is what what it was designed to do we started", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00452-00241880-00242354": "off with toys and we started off with six phthalates and in the last two or", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00453-00242354-00242698": "three years now all of a sudden we're looking at electronic products we're", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00454-00242698-00243242": "looking at food containers we're looking at a whole variety of different matrices", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00455-00243242-00243644": "and you'll notice that we've gone from six phthalates till now there's interest", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00456-00243644-00244060": "in more than six in some cases fifteen and sixteen phthalates so whereas we", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00457-00244060-00244526": "started with toys and consumer products now we have to work the stakeholders", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00458-00244526-00245158": "include formulators past recyclers manufacturers retailers consumers all of", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00459-00245158-00245482": "a sudden everybody's interested in phthalates and what we find out is", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00460-00245482-00245867": "interesting that lights all over the world and this is all well and good", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00461-00245867-00246314": "except for now you notice that the list is starting to expand a little bit and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00462-00246314-00246653": "so some of the electronics News have included things like dye", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00463-00246653-00247052": "isobutyl phthalates which is a which is a plasticizer that's", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00464-00247052-00247640": "not too not too uncommon it's a low-cost replacement for DBP so now we've gone", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00465-00247640-00248257": "from from three regulated phthalates to a possible six phthalates seventh a", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00466-00248257-00248710": "lates and you can see we're having the typical encounter here and that is as we", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00467-00248710-00249101": "develop the method we officer may include more and more matrices and as we", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00468-00249101-00249406": "do that we want more and more compounds and as we do that of course we want more", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00469-00249406-00249880": "and more sensitivity and so those of us are workout methods this is a continuing", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00470-00249880-00250348": "problem there's even there's even individual countries that are writing", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00471-00250348-00250873": "general methods that have promulgated these most of them in 2011 and these are", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00472-00250873-00251246": "just mentioning things like all products containing phthalates I mean that's a", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00473-00251246-00251966": "pretty general description for method to address and because now you hear more", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00474-00251966-00252279": "and more about the countries not being important the global global", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00475-00252279-00252677": "international corporations really being the boundaries there are many", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00476-00252677-00253186": "corporations that work on a global scale and have their own in-house methods and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00477-00253186-00253561": "in-house list of compounds and in Houston Texas and limits for various", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00478-00253561-00253892": "number of phthalates and so these are just some of the electronics companies", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00479-00253892-00254398": "that we know I'm familiar with that are working on phthalates in recycled", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00480-00254398-00254954": "plastics and different lists and we work on right now so we've gone from in the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00481-00254954-00255503": "beginning the ASTM method is PVC and six compounds so now we're talking about", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00482-00255503-00256040": "maybe fifteen or sixteen and way beyond PVC so let me back up a little bit talk", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00483-00256040-00256388": "about the ASTM methods we're looking for a standard practice", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00484-00256388-00256790": "for the determination of low level phthalates and polyvinyl chloride and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00485-00256790-00257236": "the method that seems to give us the best results this thermal desorption GC", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00486-00257236-00257675": "mass spec so there's really five steps in this method and this is the most", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00487-00257675-00258053": "difficult step to step right here called sample homogeneity because when you take", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00488-00258053-00258467": "a toy for example different parts of that toy are made of four different", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00489-00258467-00258851": "plastics and each of those different parts of plastics can have a different", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00490-00258851-00259204": "level of phthalates and so I would say if I if I were to look at the overall", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00491-00259204-00259715": "scope of analyzing for phthalates in materials the biggest problem is a", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00492-00259715-00260129": "homogeneous because if I take this toy apart I can", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00493-00260129-00260336": "get three different numbers some of them are good and some of them are a little", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00494-00260336-00260738": "bit higher a circuit board forces the same problem a food container proposes", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00495-00260738-00261094": "the same problem and so on and so forth so this is the single most difficult", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00496-00261094-00261641": "thing to do and that is to get a homogeneous sample that sounds nice to", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00497-00261641-00261998": "say crowd milling you go into laboratories that do crowd milling and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00498-00261998-00262493": "contamination crosstalk between Crowell Mills is ever-present and so one of the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00499-00262493-00262886": "problems with phthalates as we as we mentioned here is contamination well", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00500-00262886-00263330": "right off the bat if you're using one crowd milled into five toys the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00501-00263330-00263996": "possibility for cross-contamination is very high this is the toughest step but", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00502-00263996-00264470": "the method that the the thumb of the ASTM method for based on thermal", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00503-00264470-00264824": "desorption GC mass spec uses two solutions one is just a standard", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00504-00264824-00265232": "solution of the phthalates of interest and the other is the sample itself which", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00505-00265232-00265688": "is dissolved in tetrahydrofuran so this is the there's only two solutions", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00506-00265688-00266249": "involved the injection is simply placing these solutions in a small container", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00507-00266249-00266702": "raising the temperature the containers such that the target compounds evolve or", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00508-00266702-00267125": "make out or externally extracted and analyzing just that portion of the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00509-00267125-00267650": "sample that contains the phthalates separation is done by a standard 30", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00510-00267650-00268178": "meter db5 or 5% phenol column and detector you can pick up most of the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00511-00268178-00268610": "work we've been done has been done with scanning ms several of the validation", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00512-00268610-00269117": "labs used si MMS you can use quadruple crippled quads you can use negative ion", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00513-00269117-00269780": "CI this is the area where the method seems to be the most applicable and that", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00514-00269780-00270224": "is this is this is unlike the first talk this is how to get the sampler prepared", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00515-00270224-00270863": "and how to get the sample into the column okay what column you use is up to", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00516-00270863-00271309": "you it's independent of the column choice what sort of detection algorithm", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00517-00271309-00271940": "system you want to use this up to you so this is the sample prep the whole idea", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00518-00271940-00272183": "here is to give her the solvent to get rid of the glassware", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00519-00272183-00272522": "because I've gone into laboratories and who do this and they'll tell me", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00520-00272522-00273002": "oftentimes they spend more time cleaning Sox lists and using Sox's your salads", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00521-00273002-00273355": "are difficult to get rid of and so what we do here is we start off", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00522-00273355-00273674": "with the product some sort of material could be a circuit board could be a duct", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00523-00273674-00274124": "we all like ducts you Crowl millet you want the smallest pieces you can if", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00524-00274124-00274630": "possible you want dust because you want a homogeneous bottle of dust you take a", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00525-00274630-00275021": "small portion of that and put it in a volumetric as a ten milliliter", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00526-00275021-00275560": "volumetric so now you've got so much weight you add to that THF you make a", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00527-00275560-00276184": "solution now so now you have a solution a THF solution of your sample the method", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00528-00276184-00276596": "calls for taking ten microliters of that put it in a small cup and evaporating a", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00529-00276596-00276985": "solvent such that you win with a very thin film of the sample on the inside", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00530-00276985-00277424": "surface of the cup at the bottom so to prepare a sample like this once the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00531-00277424-00277772": "crowd millings been done to prepare a sample like this takes on the order of", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00532-00277772-00278129": "five minutes they only solve what you're going to use", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00533-00278129-00278570": "as 10 milliliters of the THF you're going to use disposable glassware so", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00534-00278570-00278966": "there's no worry about contamination or cross-contamination that little cup then", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00535-00278966-00279404": "is ready to be analyzed now if you wanted to do a screening method it's not", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00536-00279404-00279757": "necessary to go through the thin film process and that is you can take this", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00537-00279757-00280199": "sample dust from your jar and just weigh in a hundred micrograms or 200", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00538-00280199-00280652": "micrograms and put it directly in the cup so you analyze it as a solid if", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00539-00280652-00280925": "you'd like that internal standard at that point right now just a monitor", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00540-00280925-00281315": "performance that's easily done so either way you end up with the cup that's ready", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00541-00281315-00281734": "to analyze now the difference between a thin film that just making a THF", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00542-00281734-00282224": "solution put it on the cup and then evaporating the solvent and using the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00543-00282224-00282760": "solid material is basically reflected in the precision so if I use a THF solution", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00544-00282760-00283330": "this is a half a milligram of sample now you can see for this de HB the percent", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00545-00283330-00283850": "relative standard deviation is about one percent for injections if I use the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00546-00283850-00284236": "solid form for a screening method where I just take the dust if you will five", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00547-00284236-00284624": "point five milligrams of dust to put in the cup and analyze it directly you can", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00548-00284624-00285079": "see my precision goes down and of course the reason for that is is if I look at", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00549-00285079-00285524": "this this collections best that I have the chances of having the same amount of", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00550-00285524-00286004": "particles in each sample remote so I give it a more scatter than the data", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00551-00286004-00286411": "where if I make up a solution I can analyze that same solution numerous", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00552-00286411-00286859": "times and get exactly the same but for a screening technique that the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00553-00286859-00287399": "solid analysis seems to work just fine can we hope to the end here thank you", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00554-00287399-00287993": "so a sample assistant a little cup this is on top of a liner - maple injection I", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00555-00287993-00288545": "dropped the cup in the furnace the furnace is at 100 degrees I hate the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00556-00288545-00289163": "furnace 200 320 degrees and as I heat it up the phthalates will evolve and those", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00557-00289163-00289595": "are carried on to the column these little cups are can replace a lot of", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00558-00289595-00290042": "stuff but I can do a number of samples now one sample per hour the reason for", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00559-00290042-00290375": "that is is because the calibration the quantitation is done by a standard", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00560-00290375-00290903": "addition that requires two analysis one of the sample and one of the samples has", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00561-00290903-00291440": "been spiked with a known amount so that's to analysis so by about one an", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00562-00291440-00291857": "hour if you're going to do a screening sample that means one I don't have to", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00563-00291857-00292211": "program from one two three twenty I just drop it into three twenty so I don't", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00564-00292211-00292610": "have that 11 minute to feel real sample prep for extraction simple and then I", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00565-00292610-00293218": "could do about three per hour in the screening mode so the sample is heated I", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00566-00293218-00293645": "thermally extract the phthalates of interest they go on to the column and I", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00567-00293645-00294251": "get my chromatogram the conditions I'm using for my survey motor basically 100", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00568-00294251-00294857": "to 700 at a fairly high rate that could allow me to profile a characterize the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00569-00294857-00295208": "sample and it tells me where the phthalates come in the temperature zone", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00570-00295208-00295577": "of which the phthalates evolve and then I do my thermal desorption my thermal", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00571-00295577-00296171": "desorption basically is 100 to 320 at 20 degrees a minute if you use in a thin", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00572-00296171-00296525": "film you can do it 40 degrees a minute rigea moment much difference this goes", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00573-00296525-00297143": "on to a column at 80 degrees so here's what it looks like the top traces by", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00574-00297143-00297563": "screen I don't have to do the screening for every sample the importance of the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00575-00297563-00298010": "screen is it characterizes the sample if I'm doing PVCs forever I only have to do", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00576-00298010-00298397": "this once if I'm doing polypropylene I only have to do it once but if I'm doing", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00577-00298397-00298895": "circuit boards or if I'm doing different kinds of materials then maybe I have to", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00578-00298895-00299393": "do my screen to find out where my if my phthalates have shifted but you can see", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00579-00299393-00299897": "if I'm the top trace this is this a PVC sampled inch as a plasticizer I get a", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00580-00299897-00300182": "large group of compounds out fester phthalates any", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00581-00300182-00300604": "dents may be present there's also a peak for HCl because that's the decomposition", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00582-00300604-00301145": "product of polyvinyl chloride and then of course I get my fractions out there", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00583-00301145-00301898": "right polymerized or I realize the PVC so I find my zone by looking at ions and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00584-00301898-00302279": "you can see the lower trace where it says phthalates 149 you can see all the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00585-00302279-00302897": "149 all my phthalates are out by 320 and so my thermal desorption zone is 100 to", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00586-00302897-00303344": "320 at 20 degrees a minute it's a nice thing about this is by doing this I'm", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00587-00303344-00303695": "going to extract those phthalates and put those on the columns for separation", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00588-00303695-00304291": "but I leave behind in the cup all the polymer so I don't have to worry about", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00589-00304291-00304760": "faking the pulp making the system system at the cleanup the polymer I don't have", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00590-00304760-00305168": "to worry about contamination of my system as I backflash or for the polymer", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00591-00305168-00305477": "just stays in the cup of when I'm done I watched a polymer out and reuse the cup", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00592-00305477-00306002": "or get a new cup all I'm going to inject under the GC is just that fracks of a", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00593-00306002-00306457": "sample that's extracted at 320 degrees", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00594-00306490-00306992": "so I can identify different compounds by ions this right here again this is just", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00595-00306992-00307364": "your standard this is probably more interesting right here this is the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00596-00307364-00307829": "reproducibility this is 6 injections of a PVC dense sample and it's a little", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00597-00307829-00308237": "hard to read but what I have here is this percent relative standard deviation", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00598-00308237-00308756": "of the precision of a multiple runs of the same sample and you can see the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00599-00308756-00309356": "precision across the board is less than less than 2% so I can take one solution", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00600-00309356-00309853": "and analyze the six times and my precision is pretty darn good", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00601-00309946-00310322": "remember I mentioned that this is a standard addition method so I'm going to", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00602-00310322-00310769": "run my sample and get an area number for my compound and then I'm going to spike", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00603-00310769-00311173": "the sample with a known amount in this case point one five percent", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00604-00311173-00311720": "concentration and going to rerun the sample so this is just the spiked sample", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00605-00311720-00312083": "I just show three of these right here so this is the PVC dense sample where", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00606-00312083-00312491": "that's been spiked with a known amount of each of the phthalates and again you", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00607-00312491-00312943": "can see the precision across the bottom of the spiked numbers again less than 2%", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00608-00312943-00313415": "so it's very precise I end up with a series of curves like", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00609-00313415-00313940": "this so these are the six calibration curves for the six compounds the one in", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00610-00313940-00314387": "the middle is that the zero that's the sample number the one on the far right", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00611-00314387-00314801": "that's the spike number and there's a meth Max or go through and I can", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00612-00314801-00315485": "calculate the amount of amount of pieces of phthalates in the original sample and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00613-00315485-00315920": "if you do that again you can see the precision there is less than 2% and it's", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00614-00315920-00316394": "a little hard to read but the numbers the concentration of this of each tally", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00615-00316394-00316967": "that this particular one was about 980 990 nanograms so the accuracy is pretty", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00616-00316967-00317483": "good now that you see it korea is also interested in this method this is some", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00617-00317483-00317825": "of their work these are their six calibration curves only in this case", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00618-00317825-00318182": "they spiked with three mount three different levels and all you do is take", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00619-00318182-00318566": "that one solution and you can see from your upper right trace one case you put", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00620-00318566-00318878": "two microliters the next case three microliters the next case 5 microliters", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00621-00318878-00319265": "x8 merica there's that's how you get you multiple points so it's still one", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00622-00319265-00319715": "solution and you can see their recoveries are of all the six phthalates", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00623-00319715-00320249": "are pretty good and their precision is also less than one one percent in this", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00624-00320249-00320717": "case now we didn't mess the salvation study that is we've been out to found", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00625-00320717-00321014": "five laboratories who are willing to try this these as laboratories that hadn't", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00626-00321014-00321485": "done this before in one case one of the laboratories had a new higher to that to", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00627-00321485-00321923": "the study force and this is this is what we found from the validation study", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00628-00321923-00322409": "I sent them four samples to them with the same sample the thermal desorption", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00629-00322409-00322934": "temperature system dependent by that I mean if you have a factory system or a", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00630-00322934-00323504": "Pvt in the system or a CVS system or a Gerstel system whatever system you're", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00631-00323504-00323924": "using for your thermal desorption you have to be very sure that what you're", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00632-00323924-00324383": "looking at is the sample temperature or not the thermocouple temperature so", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00633-00324383-00324680": "there's some differences in some systems between the set point and the actual", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00634-00324680-00325073": "point how you ready to do is run the the EGA and you can determine the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00635-00325073-00325532": "temperature range of a which that system operates best some of the validation", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00636-00325532-00326081": "labs you sim some of the validation labs you scan it both to produce comparable", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00637-00326081-00326531": "data thin photo columns are definitely preferred over thick film columns we", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00638-00326531-00326709": "don't a lot of retention and a whole lot of", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00639-00326709-00327048": "time in there the standard edition everyone use standard edition at one", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00640-00327048-00327498": "point standard edition the r-squared was always greater than 0.99 if you if you", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00641-00327498-00327852": "recalled back to this study this is this is three points plus the sample in the R", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00642-00327852-00328326": "squares and all these are one but these five laboratories all data point nine", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00643-00328326-00328734": "nine are better the inner lab injection to Jackson reproducibility is less than", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00644-00328734-00329145": "five percent the data I've shown here is all about two percent one of my five", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00645-00329145-00329640": "labs with the newbie they were they were about thirty percent higher than", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00646-00329640-00329970": "everybody else in the whole wide world so there was some systematic issue there", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00647-00329970-00330399": "but I included all their data that's how it comes out to be five percent the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00648-00330399-00330807": "inter lab sample the sample reproducibility is always less than ten", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00649-00330807-00331338": "percent and the laboratory laboratory accuracy is 25 percent now get if I take", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00650-00331338-00331746": "out the data from that one lab and drop down to about ten percent but I can't", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00651-00331746-00332088": "find a reason to do that so these are the numbers we came up with from the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00652-00332088-00332631": "validation study of these five laboratories now all of a sudden we're", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00653-00332631-00332895": "getting requests for an extended target compound list so here's the extended", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00654-00332895-00333282": "target compound this we've been asked to look at next is this method I've", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00655-00333282-00333681": "highlighted in red the six compounds we started with in order to do this", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00656-00333681-00333930": "chromatic graphically it's a simple thing he just dropped the initial", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00657-00333930-00334272": "temperature from 100 to 80 degrees and he tried to do a little bit better", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00658-00334272-00334737": "separation on that front end better stow your host that only goes up to D ID P so", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00659-00334737-00335073": "it doesn't go any further so the analysis time is still on the order of", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00660-00335073-00335466": "about twenty minutes so it has already lengthen your analysis time and since", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00661-00335466-00335865": "your sample prep time is baking up a ten microliters 10 milliliter solution of", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00662-00335865-00336189": "THF it's it doesn't affect any of your sample prep and your operational", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00663-00336189-00336747": "parameters so it looks that was like it's almost too good to be true we've", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00664-00336747-00337410": "done this for three years the TD method is easy it takes one syringe and a", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00665-00337410-00337713": "little bit of glassware it's clean there's no cleaning the cleaning and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00666-00337713-00338055": "cleaning and cleaning and socks with extractors that sort of thing it's great", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00667-00338055-00338529": "because I'm using almost no solvent at all and it's fully automated that sounds", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00668-00338529-00338838": "really really good it's precise and accurate the precision is always less", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00669-00338838-00339312": "than 2% the accuracy is plus or minus 10% in your laboratory and it", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00670-00339312-00339720": "accommodates an extended come down list so this is all well and good there is a", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00671-00339720-00340140": "downside though the downside is this run to run", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00672-00340140-00340832": "contamination issue was a real problem the and thousand for millions that not", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00673-00340832-00341321": "too much of an issue that's bucket chemistry but as the as the detection as", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00674-00341321-00341777": "the sensitivity requirements get higher and higher more and more sensitivity we", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00675-00341777-00342128": "have to wait find a way to really monitor this contamination the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00676-00342128-00342401": "contamination is in the injection port there's no doubt about it", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00677-00342401-00342923": "also the quantiles would have to be verified as we change matrices that's", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00678-00342923-00343338": "one thing to look at PVC which is what the ASTM method was focused on and we", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00679-00343338-00343610": "know appropriate probably propylene and probably either ethylene and we've done", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00680-00343610-00343890": "a number of different polymers what happens with the circuit board what", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00681-00343890-00344196": "happens with it some kind of material you haven't really looked at so you", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00682-00344196-00344558": "really have to verify that you have no in no interference when you start", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00683-00344558-00344921": "changing matrices and the second the third thing is when you deal with these", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00684-00344921-00345461": "compounds that are isomeric mixtures like di DP the quantitation becomes a", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00685-00345461-00345824": "little bit more difficult it could be I love my mother would kill me for saying", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00686-00345824-00346250": "this it could be HPLC may be a better way to do these multiple these compounds", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00687-00346250-00346617": "that have a lot of different isomers so in the end those of us that develop", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00688-00346617-00346992": "methods are in the deep trouble here because now we've got them we've got a", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00689-00346992-00347447": "method now that was developed for six compounds in PVC and we're asked to do", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00690-00347447-00347831": "more and more phthalates and we're asked to do it more and more different", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00691-00347831-00348335": "matrices remember being asked get lower and lower and higher", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00692-00348335-00348749": "I guess higher and higher sensitivity and in the case of phthalates this could", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00693-00348749-00349296": "be a real challenge for the laboratory any questions we have time for one or", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00694-00349296-00349793": "two questions yes", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00695-00349906-00350864": "that was our SD company yeah yeah that's what a half safer yes", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00696-00351651-00352134": "yeah the question is is the precision accuracy depended upon of the cryogenic", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00697-00352134-00352792": "billing of a sample all the work here was done with PVC standards that were", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00698-00352792-00353263": "prepared by one of the members of the ASTM committee and so it wasn't", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00699-00353263-00355591": "literally a sheet of PVC and so yes see now you're getting into legal issues", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00700-00355591-00355959": "yeah I mean obviously you are as a citizen I think you are but as the the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00701-00355959-00356408": "methodology that we've familiar with it calls for a number for the entire", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00702-00356408-00356910": "product and so yes you are diluting the beak but on the on the other end you", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00703-00356910-00357469": "know how much the because of the duct you know what but that's the critical", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00704-00357469-00357864": "issues at homogeneity sample homogeneity", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00705-00358089-00358765": "just quickly to add on to that that we're really not here to talk about the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00706-00358765-00359491": "policy and the regulations but we have issued guidance that it's the component", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00707-00359491-00360282": "parts that the thallus limit applies to so we're our very initial guidance was", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00708-00360282-00361195": "different based on the initial read of the rule we have guided the individual", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00709-00361195-00361927": "component parts but regardless of that then the analysis is still the same all", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00710-00361927-00362139": "right", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00711-00362534-00363075": "up next we have chrissteele from bureau veritas", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00712-00363870-00364283": "you could just press forward or back or you can press one of these buttons", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00713-00364283-00364905": "doesn't make sure you speak clear enough came back alright thanks Matt yes I'm", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00714-00364905-00365382": "filling in for Lisa Clarissa a global technical consultant specialist because", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00715-00365382-00365859": "she is there's a touch of a flu bug going spreading around at our Buffalo", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00716-00365859-00366346": "office so hopefully I don't get it after after we leave to get back to Buffalo", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00717-00366346-00367215": "but so I'm speaking on behalf of Jarrow Veritas in lieu of her so yes no problem", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00718-00367215-00367816": "so thank you Matt for letting me represent our company here and I'm here", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00719-00367816-00368283": "today to talk about using a dual instrumentation for phthalates analysis", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00720-00368283-00368955": "and plastics and what I mean by that is two systems to mass spectrometers the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00721-00368955-00369343": "first of course GCMs has I think a lot of you are familiar with and that the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00722-00369343-00369957": "CPSC method revolves around but secondly the lc-ms system using both in", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00723-00369957-00370758": "conjunction with each other just to kind of rule out any interferences that GCMs", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00724-00370758-00371268": "may pose basically to get like a second set of eyes looking at a particular", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00725-00371268-00371863": "sample scan bureau veritas his head about I'm guessing at least 10 years of", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00726-00371863-00372282": "experience testing for phthalates in a variety of consumer products many", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00727-00372282-00372885": "different plastics and I'm here to try to share with you hopefully some help", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00728-00372885-00373335": "for helpful information that has worked for us in our testing approach to", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00729-00373335-00373881": "resolve these tricky samples as we know as time goes on and regulations are", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00730-00373881-00374347": "expanding manufacturers seem to be trying to get more and more clever as", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00731-00374347-00374977": "trying to find workarounds to find alternatives plasticizer alternatives to", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00732-00374977-00375606": "have their samples compliance so in effect you're going to we see it we see", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00733-00375606-00376086": "a lot of different scans and our thalut extracts because of this because they're", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00734-00376086-00376323": "using", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00735-00376328-00377140": "alternatives sure sure sorry so that's that's my purpose here today is to try", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00736-00377140-00377926": "to share with you our daily testing approach so just as a quick outline I'm", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00737-00377926-00378589": "gonna go over the test method that we use the instrumentation that we use GCMs", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00738-00378589-00379288": "and LCS LCMS of course results in interpretation and I'll answer try to", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00739-00379288-00380167": "answer any questions you may have about our approach our test method extremely", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00740-00380167-00380896": "similar to what's in CPSC essentially we cut the sample into very small pieces of", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00741-00380896-00381414": "the component we place it to a disposable glass reaction vessel or vial", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00742-00381414-00382209": "then we add tetrahydrofuran THF and sonicated at 40 degrees centigrade for", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00743-00382209-00382707": "30 minutes which in most cases will be long enough and aggressive enough to get", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00744-00382707-00383235": "that into the organic solution in Sonic 8 an additional 30 minutes if that", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00745-00383235-00383634": "sample does not visibly dissolve sometimes that happens with harder", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00746-00383634-00384547": "plastics after which acetyl nitrile is what we use acetyl nitrile ACN is that a", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00747-00384547-00385305": "drop ice to precipitate off the polymer that's been very useful for us I know", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00748-00385305-00385806": "other solvents and the CBC mentions hexane using hexane", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00749-00385806-00386484": "other LEDs may be using methanol they may work in particular applications or", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00750-00386484-00387210": "plastics PVC probably works but we've found that co nitrile will precipitate", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00751-00387210-00387960": "out more polymer more types of polymers than the other solvents so in in the end", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00752-00387960-00388782": "it results in a cleaner layer on top of your precipitated plasticizer a very", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00753-00388782-00389374": "precipitated polymer so you're all that junk and interfering things that may", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00754-00389374-00389776": "interfere what the analysis will come out of that solution and then you can", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00755-00389776-00390652": "inject a much more clean solution into your instrument so once that is done", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00756-00390652-00391408": "you'll have to stand for 30 minutes and take that solution and to put it into an", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00757-00391408-00392002": "autosampler vial and it's ready for analysis actually ad if they're seeing", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00758-00392002-00392482": "good rate of the unforeseen there's an internal standard then you can filter it", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00759-00392482-00393657": "and analyze it by GCMs indoor lcms and currently LCMS is not listed in the cps", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00760-00393657-00394510": "c method currently I will go most of you probably are already aware of the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00761-00394510-00395119": "function of gas chromatography you have a carrier gas usually helium the sample", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00762-00395119-00395752": "is injected in the injector volatilized goes to the column the analyte separate", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00763-00395752-00396178": "out from one another as well as any interfering compounds they separate out", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00764-00396178-00396673": "from one another then it enters the mass spec detector fragmentation occurs a", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00765-00396673-00397555": "mass spectrum is produced and the signal is plotted on the chromatogram okay what", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00766-00397555-00397966": "we're looking at here is just an example of many different types of phthalates", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00767-00397966-00398476": "that are out there obviously it's not a complete list but it's just it's just", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00768-00398476-00398904": "here to demonstrate what we could potentially be looking at when we", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00769-00398904-00399592": "analyze a particular sample extract any one of these or a combination of these", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00770-00399592-00400279": "could be found in your sample so a lot of them are nice clean needle peaks of", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00771-00400279-00400690": "course as mad as mention and many of you already know we have the broad finger", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00772-00400690-00401398": "peak type sale lights to that a regulated di MPD IDP you can't see it", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00773-00401398-00401833": "too much on this slide but you know it's it's buried in there between the 12 and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00774-00401833-00402466": "13 minute range so this is just to demonstrate what we could be looking at", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00775-00402466-00402746": "in a sample and like I said this is not a complete with", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00776-00402746-00403832": "by any means some of these are regulated some are not so go on to our next slide", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00777-00403832-00404618": "this is just an example of a mass spectrum of DBP just as an example we go", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00778-00404618-00405122": "back a slide DBP is just one that's highlighted as an example if we look at", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00779-00405122-00405605": "the mass spectrum creating that response this is it", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00780-00405605-00406463": "of course they speak 149 is very common qualifying ion could be 223 which is", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00781-00406463-00407339": "unique to DBP now a GC mass spectrum of di NPD IDP those troublesome finger", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00782-00407339-00408050": "peaks you could the InP would be 293 you could extract that out of the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00783-00408050-00408548": "chromatogram but even doing so it still can sometimes be a challenge depending", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00784-00408548-00408980": "on what what you might have interfering with that I'm going to talk a little bit", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00785-00408980-00409754": "more about that in the upcoming slides as well this is an example of a non", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00786-00409754-00410252": "regulated daylight currently unregulated you never know what the future holds dye", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00787-00410252-00410864": "ISO octal phthalates basically this is a finger peak as well this may be present", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00788-00410864-00411250": "a sample you don't know what manufacturers are putting in we've", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00789-00411250-00411827": "certainly seen it many times before in samples dye ISO octal phthalates it's a", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00790-00411827-00412358": "it's like a couple covered carbon chains last of course then Diet di n P and D", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00791-00412358-00412979": "IDP the nanos and decals so here you can see their retention time it's a range", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00792-00412979-00413663": "it's a broad range it's it's in isomeric mix of course and that's why it looks", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00793-00413663-00414202": "the way it does so you can see it spans across the time line retention time line", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00794-00414202-00414929": "you know between like eleven point two five minutes to twelve and a half so is", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00795-00414929-00415427": "if you see something like this in a sample it can be challenging to properly", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00796-00415427-00416054": "integrate the regulated phthalates or even see if they're there di NPD IDP", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00797-00416054-00416552": "even after ion extraction honing in on a particular ion that may be unique to", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00798-00416552-00418117": "that particular Valley so here is an example of di MP on a GC chromatogram", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00799-00418117-00418646": "highlighted there it's it's if you want to call that in a pax it's peeking out", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00800-00418646-00419135": "around 13 minutes but the range of isomers begins at about 12 and a half", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00801-00419135-00419852": "and extends out to like 13 and a half minutes so anyone doing a lead analysis", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00802-00419852-00420541": "by GC this is second nature I'm sure see this all the time so again it's very", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00803-00420541-00421208": "difficult to integrate and try to accurately capture the area counts of", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00804-00421208-00422117": "that di e MP peak if you have other interferences or other phalates present", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00805-00422117-00422617": "it just it can be challenging on the GC", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00806-00423150-00423678": "so here we're just looking at some chemical structures of some regulated", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00807-00423678-00424425": "thelet's we have d NOP di n p di DP d NOP is unbranched so that's it it's a", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00808-00424425-00425310": "single peak but all three of these have roughly the same retention time on GC D", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00809-00425310-00425892": "NOP is an octal di o P which I mentioned before is an ISO octal so you're going", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00810-00425892-00426474": "to see 279 ion 279 even if you extract enough for DN o P if you have di o P in", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00811-00426474-00427068": "your sample and what do you do you see this big under al unregulated 279 I in", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00812-00427068-00427608": "chromatogram and then you may or may not see this little peak come out of da that", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00813-00427608-00428103": "may or may not be DN o P if it is DN o P and you're confident it is okay now how", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00814-00428103-00428489": "do you quantico annotate it it's very hard to baseline integrate when it's", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00815-00428489-00429432": "coming out of a mess so di NP + di D P of course our isomeric", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00816-00429432-00430179": "finger Peaks they actually overlap on GC even though they have quantifying their", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00817-00430179-00430821": "qualifying ions associated with them they can be troublesome as well and of", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00818-00430821-00431445": "course the reason that they are broad finger peaks is because I so know no di", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00819-00431445-00432335": "NP and I sewed a co di DP have it could be a multiple of arrangements of the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00820-00432335-00432864": "groups on methyl groups they could be located in many different statistical", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00821-00432864-00433310": "possibility and that's why you see that broad finger peak of course it's not", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00822-00433310-00433734": "just a single analyte it's a mixture of isomers I'm sure you're all familiar", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00823-00433734-00434213": "with why they look the way they do on GC", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00824-00434218-00434754": "now let's get into lcms instrumentation liquid", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00825-00434754-00435321": "chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer pretty much basically the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00826-00435321-00435855": "same principles GCMs you're just using liquid is the mobile phase or carrier to", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00827-00435855-00436507": "carry along your analytes they get separated by a column the same", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00828-00436507-00437200": "renters spray chamber mobile phases evaporated fragmentation occurs and then", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00829-00437200-00437822": "the resulting ions are separated out by mass to charge ratio and response is", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00830-00437822-00438913": "created as well as a spectrum so this is an example this is a di NP at 1 ppm on", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00831-00438913-00439627": "the LCMS so what we're looking at here is we run in scan mode this is actually", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00832-00439627-00440319": "I in 419 I believe di NP and this is only 1 ppm we do run standards a little", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00833-00440319-00440905": "bit lower than this but the point is you can see how much better it looks to a", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00834-00440905-00441352": "chemist I mean this this I like the way it looks it's very integrated the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00835-00441352-00442246": "signal-to-noise ratio is very large it's just just a great responding signal for", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00836-00442246-00442767": "VI NP it just jumps out of the baseline is it's it's great", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00837-00442767-00443732": "di DP at 1 ppm similar similar look to it comes right out of the baseline you", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00838-00443732-00444243": "know you get a much better response of course than compared to GC there's no", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00839-00444243-00445040": "broad finger peaks and actually the IDP is fully resolved from di n p on the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00840-00445040-00445713": "lc-ms I'm sorry", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00841-00445746-00446817": "yeah it's reverse phased yep and and this slide is just kind of giving you a", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00842-00446817-00447495": "side-by-side a di NP in the upper right on the lc/ms di NP and the lower left", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00843-00447495-00448329": "and the GCMs that you can see it's hard to see of course because di NP n GCMs", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00844-00448329-00449016": "relative to the single analytes it just kind of it's not very responsive because", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00845-00449016-00449693": "it's just a nice American mix so that's one advantage that we found with using", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00846-00449693-00450831": "lc-ms is really for for those finger peaks so our approach like I said we use", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00847-00450831-00451530": "both GCMs and lc-ms in conjunction with one another if the lab decides to use", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00848-00451530-00452151": "GCMs primarily it's kind of a flow chart showing what should be done if you find", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00849-00452151-00452939": "the family's DN o pd ID PDI NP they should be confirmed on lc-ms just just", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00850-00452939-00453630": "to ensure a good quantitation and just to confirm that's out there now if", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00851-00453630-00454397": "you're going to primarily use LCMS you can do that as well but then yet there's", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00852-00454397-00454835": "things you need to know about that though if you find DB p dibutyl", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00853-00454835-00455409": "phthalate which is regulated it also that well it will call a loop with an", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00854-00455409-00455947": "unregulated thell a die isobutyl thely so if you're getting a detection on DB p", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00855-00455947-00456593": "it may really be die isobutyl faily they they essentially Khoa loot with one", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00856-00456593-00457343": "another so that's why if you do find DB p it's it's pretty recommended pretty", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00857-00457343-00457779": "urgent that you confirm it by GCMs to see is it the regulated form of the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00858-00457779-00458616": "unregulated or a mixture of both and we've seen all three cases there so that", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00859-00458616-00459210": "that's pretty much the flow that that we found to work for us", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00860-00459356-00459935": "so in conclusion a dual instrument system works for us it's been a useful", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00861-00459935-00460496": "approach enhancing our data integrity with challenging samples and like I said", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00862-00460496-00461122": "before as time goes on we just just when you think you've seen it all you haven't", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00863-00461122-00461651": "we've seen new plastic plastics come out with different compounds and adding new", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00864-00461651-00462404": "challenges it's like an ongoing process the learning never ends so this is what", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00865-00462404-00462758": "Bureau of our Bureau Bureau Veritas has found to work for us in our long history", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00866-00462758-00463277": "of fail a testing in order to provide clear results from an otherwise messy", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00867-00463277-00463805": "scan just because of this we feel much more confident and the data that we", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00868-00463805-00464380": "issue basically we were having two detectors give us data if need be", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00869-00464380-00465010": "it's also important to note that you don't need a state-of-the-art gc-ms or", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00870-00465010-00465581": "lc/ms I mean you can use models that been around for years it's not like you", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00871-00465581-00465974": "have to go out and buy the the most sensitive instrument to take this", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00872-00465974-00466487": "approach on so that in that sense it helps labs that I'm looking for you know", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00873-00466487-00467132": "cost savings of course so in the end it's all about just feeling confident", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00874-00467132-00467816": "about the results and data that your lab is issuing with these tricky samples are", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00875-00467816-00468391": "there any questions yes", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00876-00469039-00469760": "yes the question was do our labs in Asia used the dual method approach I'm not", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00877-00469760-00470142": "sure I from my understanding I know they they have both okay", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00878-00470142-00470667": "my consultant they're saying yes they do I knew they had both instrumentations", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00879-00470667-00471101": "but I just got confirmation that yes they do", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00880-00471996-00472635": "the question was is this our standard practice in testing for di MP & di DP", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00881-00472635-00473049": "yes it is yeah just because it's just so tricky on", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00882-00473049-00473523": "GCMs we wouldn't just we just wouldn't feel that confident issuing results if", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00883-00473523-00473898": "we get something that would really challenge the chromatography like we", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00884-00473898-00474693": "often see on GCMs so yeah this this is our our good practice here bébé yep go", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00885-00474693-00474905": "ahead", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00886-00475647-00476567": "on LCMS sure actually I can go back that's fine um actually if we overlaid", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00887-00476567-00477083": "them it show better but this is there are two separate identic stretches as", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00888-00477083-00477635": "well this is a leaf for tickets for 19 I'm the LCMS you want to take a look at", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00889-00477635-00478208": "this you know starting off it you know ten and a half going to twelve and here", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00890-00478208-00479243": "we got twelve - like 14 for di DPL CMS total run time including the post run", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00891-00479243-00479889": "and leave just 22 minutes something like that 24 minutes", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00892-00480841-00482570": "yeah yep okay yeah we're involved in internal correlations with their own", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00893-00482570-00482960": "company as well as external correlations to see if the methodologies that other", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00894-00482960-00483341": "labs are using are comparable with ours so yeah that's that's part of our", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00895-00483341-00484108": "quality control all right let's thank Chris thank you", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00896-00484238-00484678": "up next we have Luke Ackerman from the FDA", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00897-00485718-00486529": "thank you all for coming and thanks for organizing this okay okay so today I'm", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00898-00486529-00487012": "going to be discussing dart MS or direct analysis in real time which is an", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00899-00487012-00487534": "ambient ionization mass spectrometry technique as a possible screening method", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00900-00487534-00487891": "for phthalates specifically we've been doing a lot of work on food-contact", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00901-00487891-00488523": "polymers and looking for rapid screening techniques phthalates just happens to be", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00902-00488523-00489126": "one of the model additives that we look at whenever we evaluate methodology so I", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00903-00489126-00489646": "thought perhaps I could share a little bit of our work with you here and I", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00904-00489646-00490051": "think just to kind of give you the conclusion I think dart can be used as a", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00905-00490051-00490606": "very effective screening technique it has limited capabilities otherwise but", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00906-00490606-00491041": "I'll be going over the details of that and I work at the Center for Food Safety", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00907-00491041-00491646": "and applied nutrition at the FDA we're a research arm of the FDA so I'm not", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00908-00491646-00492210": "conducting any regulatory enforcement actions at our facility we're developing", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00909-00492210-00492676": "methodology and trying to advance the science at the agency so I won't be", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00910-00492676-00493414": "discussing any legal matters either so how does dart work well dart is as I", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00911-00493414-00493918": "said an ambient ionization technique it's just one commercial application of", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00912-00493918-00494610": "many different you've probably heard of desi dart a sap gosh what else nano desi", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00913-00494610-00495210": "supersonic electrospray ionisation these are all the academic terms for various", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00914-00495210-00495805": "techniques of producing gas phase ions off of condensed materials so solids and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00915-00495805-00496354": "liquids and turning them into gas phase ions such that mass spectrometry can be", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00916-00496354-00496891": "used to help analyze the stuff in question in this particular case dart is", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00917-00496891-00497293": "unique and was probably granted a patent because it quenches a plasma it", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00918-00497293-00497739": "generates a plasma of helium in the glow discharge area of the diagram here and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00919-00497739-00498256": "then it quenches them on the grounded electrodes in a further down stream it", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00920-00498256-00498775": "then subsequently heat it heats that gas and the quenched plasma generates", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00921-00498775-00499282": "excited helium or metastable helium which is just an electron shifted up in", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00922-00499282-00499888": "energy level in the orbitals of helium once you heat this helium stream you now", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00923-00499888-00500364": "have hot excited helium it exits the dart source and into the atmosphere of", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00924-00500364-00500880": "the lab where you place your sample the atmosphere in the lab not surprisingly", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00925-00500880-00501549": "contains water vapor and water has a good match with the energy of the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00926-00501549-00502051": "excited helium and it produces protonated water clusters and these", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00927-00502051-00502548": "protonated water clusters in turn ionized any gas phase molecules in the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00928-00502548-00503121": "vicinity of the source there's been lots of studies on how big of a gap you need", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00929-00503121-00503601": "and for different compounds different distances between the exit of the dart", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00930-00503601-00503889": "and the entrance of the mass spectrometer will yield better results", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00931-00503889-00504411": "but in general your protonating whatever gas phase ions you can get and the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00932-00504411-00505068": "thermal heating of the helium gas also allows thermal transfer to the surfaces", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00933-00505068-00505536": "so you're doing thermal desorption so dart is thermal desorption atmospheric", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00934-00505536-00505968": "chemical ionization similar to the negative and positive chemical", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00935-00505968-00506466": "ionization possibilities with standard GCMs techniques but this is done in the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00936-00506466-00506889": "open lab atmosphere and the advantage of that is that allows you to stick odd", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00937-00506889-00507264": "shaped objects in front of a mass spectrometer so you don't have to do", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00938-00507264-00507757": "sample preparation in order to get some sort of representative spectra of the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00939-00507757-00508290": "surfaces of the samples that you're looking at as you can imagine that", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00940-00508290-00508738": "creates a whole host of other questions as what kinds of surfaces how close what", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00941-00508738-00509128": "compounds how hot those are all parameters that have to be dictated", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00942-00509128-00509589": "according to each application but this is the basic approach that dart takes to", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00943-00509589-00510219": "producing gas phase ions for mass spectrometry and what does Dart actually", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00944-00510219-00510682": "look like in practice we've generated a little movie here one of the advantages", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00945-00510682-00511292": "of dart is how fast it is and this will show you a mass spectrum of a little", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00946-00511292-00511716": "sample that was introduced you probably maybe saw in an upper right hand corner", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00947-00511716-00512209": "a little gap glass capillary came down and was stuck into the dart stream and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00948-00512209-00512643": "you see a peak there at M over Z one seven this was our demonstration of how", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00949-00512643-00513226": "melamine is detected in milk products so we coated a little glass capillary with", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00950-00513226-00513639": "a milk product and if there was melamine present it was Heian eyes dan M over Z", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00951-00513639-00514263": "127 mass of melamine plus h or plus proton jumps up on the screen there and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00952-00514263-00514743": "you can see the time frame there is on the order of 30 seconds or less per", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00953-00514743-00515409": "sample so you get an immediate spike in signal and it drops off rather quickly", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00954-00515409-00515922": "as fast as your robot can go and pick up another sample or you can go grab", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00955-00515922-00516323": "another sample it returns to baseline and you're ready for the next analysis", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00956-00516323-00516928": "so what does dart m/s measure well it measures mass spectrum because it's dart", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00957-00516928-00517389": "is just an ionization TKE technique for a mass spectrometer in this case we", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00958-00517389-00518050": "interface dart with a Watters última which is just a simple triple quad and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00959-00518050-00518551": "we looked at the mass spectrum because of the way that we set up the dart and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00960-00518551-00518985": "because of the mass spec you can see a couple of diagnostic ions here for in", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00961-00518985-00519534": "this case diethyl hexyl phthalates you see the molecular ion the n plus h some", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00962-00519534-00519819": "of the characteristic fragment ions we were running this under some slightly", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00963-00519819-00520335": "fragmenting conditions and if you use different mass spectrometers you get", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00964-00520335-00520692": "different results so the bottom trace here is the mass spectrum of the same", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00965-00520692-00521217": "standard using a Joel acute off which is just a low-end time-of-flight mass", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00966-00521217-00521851": "spectrometer about 170 K for one of those and as you can see there even in", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00967-00521851-00522342": "the presence of a mix standard this happened to have a little di n pol di DP", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00968-00522342-00522946": "and some teh P you can see the dominant ion because of the chyme on the trace", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00969-00522946-00523657": "that I picked was that well the octal phthalate I should say signal and the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00970-00523657-00524139": "nice thing about using a toss is of course the added mass accuracy as you", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00971-00524139-00524713": "can see you get high mass accuracy M to a certain degree a good mass resolution", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00972-00524713-00525007": "there's certainly other mass spectrometers that can achieve better", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00973-00525007-00525570": "but the point being that when you're doing direct analysis or atmospheric is", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00974-00525570-00526056": "analysis you're gonna get mixtures and you no longer are using chromatography", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00975-00526056-00526515": "to help separate your chemicals previous to analysis so anything that you can do", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00976-00526515-00526938": "to help you differentiate one molecule from another can help and accurate and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00977-00526938-00527439": "high res mass spec can help with that so what does the dart ms response look", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00978-00527439-00527706": "like well you're not using chromatography so you don't have a", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00979-00527706-00528237": "chromatogram now you just have a time trace this is a typical total ion", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00980-00528237-00528576": "current it's not a total item chromatogram there's no chromatography", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00981-00528576-00529308": "of a couple of sample introductions in front of a dart and in this case this is", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00982-00529308-00529863": "from a triple quad the waters that I was mentioning and you see the TIC rise and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00983-00529863-00530382": "fall but rather noisily and rather air reproducibly but when you go to look at", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00984-00530382-00530882": "a particular compound of interest you see that the trace is a lot more easy to", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00985-00530882-00531564": "understand and in this case the the dhp standard of various concentrations gave", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00986-00531564-00532020": "a very predictable response as a function of time so again we're looking", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00987-00532020-00532509": "at a mass spectrum as a function of time so what are all the different dark", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00988-00532509-00533001": "configurations that I've been discussing well we started off in our laboratory", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00989-00533001-00533418": "with a first generation dart which is kind of a clunky looking thing and in", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00990-00533418-00533856": "this particular case we are using a robotic auto sampler to place little", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00991-00533856-00534264": "strips of particular polymers into the dart stream you'll see a little glass", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00992-00534264-00534789": "capillary tube sticking out that helps transfer the gas stream from the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00993-00534789-00535089": "ionization region into the mass spectrometer and because the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00994-00535089-00535650": "manufacturer of the dart ion source had not interfaced this particular mass", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00995-00535650-00536019": "spectrometer we literally just terminated the glass tube immediately", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00996-00536019-00536523": "adjacent to the mass spectrometer Inlet it wasn't even on axis and so in that", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00997-00536523-00536982": "case our sensitivity was quite poor and the results that we generate with this", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00998-00536982-00537312": "configuration weren't really translatable to a lot of the people who", "2JLOzPjZBWy-00999-00537312-00537837": "had purchased the Jol acute off switch was the parent company of the ion source", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01000-00537837-00538436": "manufacturer dart is manufactured by iron sights", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01001-00538436-00539006": "out of p body mass we subsequently purchased two other configurations at", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01002-00539006-00539573": "dart Orbitrap in a dart a cute off so this is the joel a cute off and the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01003-00539573-00540026": "newest version of their dart source that goes with the a cute off again as you", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01004-00540026-00540575": "can see here the the silver cone coming out of the mass spectrometer that's the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01005-00540575-00541034": "inlet the silver and white cones coming off the dart source the that's where the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01006-00541034-00541565": "gas exits we happen to be running a little homemade rail linear rail through", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01007-00541565-00541904": "the dart source at this particular case we were mapping some chemical", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01008-00541904-00542396": "concentrations across the surface of a piece of packaging and we just thought", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01009-00542396-00542750": "we'd try a little linear rail in that particular case but as you can see the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01010-00542750-00543094": "dart source can be moved back and forth various distances from the mass", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01011-00543094-00543463": "spectrometer Inlet they even have configurations that allow you to raise", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01012-00543463-00543959": "and lower it angle it at different angles and so you really can adjust the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01013-00543959-00544328": "dart source to fit whatever geometries you need for your particular sand", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01014-00544328-00544921": "samples the beautiful thing about dart is you can stick really crazy shaped", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01015-00544921-00545300": "objects in front of it and you can still get reproducible mass spectrum you don't", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01016-00545300-00545671": "have to mill you don't have to homogenize now you lose all that", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01017-00545671-00546200": "information you lose reproducibility and quantitation and the like because you're", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01018-00546200-00546742": "not looking at the same sample as you would with in in a typical regulatory", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01019-00546742-00547181": "analysis but if you're going to screen stuff and if you want to have an idea of", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01020-00547181-00547769": "what we're on a particular object phthalates or any other compound might", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01021-00547769-00548408": "be for the surfaces of those objects then dart will allow you to to do that", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01022-00548408-00548842": "by looking at only one part of the object at a time or if you're really", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01023-00548842-00549251": "want to cover every surface you could systematically run the whole surface", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01024-00549251-00549842": "through there but in either case dart is a quick way for a laboratory worker to", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01025-00549842-00550328": "look at a sample without having to do prep and without cross-contamination", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01026-00550328-00550619": "because there's nothing to contaminate here the entrance to the mass", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01027-00550619-00551177": "spectrometer which is going to be less contaminated than if you inject a plug", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01028-00551177-00551815": "of solvent from from a GC system so it's it's got some advantages that way", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01029-00551815-00552353": "here's another angle us introducing a little piece of of packaging you can do", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01030-00552353-00552779": "it manually you can use linear rails they've got transmission configurations", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01031-00552779-00553459": "where you can deposit extracts onto little gridded wire meshes and the and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01032-00553459-00553886": "the helium flows through the wire mesh and dissolves whatever was on the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01033-00553886-00554327": "solution that deposited on the grid you know there's lots of configurations for", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01034-00554327-00554831": "introducing samples via dart so can it quantitate that's the big question and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01035-00554831-00555361": "the answer is no so these are some just some straight-up", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01036-00555361-00555959": "solvent calibration solutions and just measuring the peak height of the mass", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01037-00555959-00556307": "effect signal for diethyl hexyl file a very simple task", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01038-00556307-00556942": "not at all linear not very reproducible at that and the reason is is that", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01039-00556942-00557378": "various amounts of materials are deposited onto the tip of the glass", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01040-00557378-00557869": "capillary that we use to sample the liquids in GC you're using a syringe to", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01041-00557869-00558455": "deliver exactly one microliter every single time whereas in dart the current", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01042-00558455-00558878": "autosampler configuration dips a melting point capillary into your liquid", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01043-00558878-00559457": "solution and depending on how clean that capillary is how far it's dipped in how", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01044-00559457-00560113": "quickly you know what was there a drop shaken off the capillary in the robots", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01045-00560113-00560501": "movements over to the dart you get various quantities deposited on the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01046-00560501-00560879": "surface and then how fast you scan it through there were there any air", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01047-00560879-00561365": "disturbances in the lab that shifted gas flow patterns it desorbs a different", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01048-00561365-00561713": "amount of material off of that and a different amount makes it into the mass", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01049-00561713-00562159": "spec and a different ion signal but one way to account for all those differences", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01050-00562159-00562601": "is internal standards you know in GCMs we often do that you get very nice", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01051-00562601-00562957": "linear calibration curves when you internal standard normalize your", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01052-00562957-00563528": "responses can also it also helps you with troubleshooting issues in your", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01053-00563528-00564013": "methodology recovery correction you don't have to take you don't have to do", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01054-00564013-00564496": "quantitative transfers all of those things are helped by internal standards", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01055-00564496-00564911": "and so is dart calibration when you include just two internal standards in", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01056-00564911-00565294": "this case for these suite of Leites that you see on the bottom right", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01057-00565294-00565790": "I included a labeled standard of diethyl phthalate and a label of diethyl hexyl", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01058-00565790-00566374": "phthalates and then normalized to one of those to the relative response is quite", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01059-00566374-00567070": "linear and you know R Squared's that we go on about all better than 0.995 but", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01060-00567070-00567547": "when you look at them on a log scale you see GCMs is still much more linear than", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01061-00567547-00568088": "dark and that makes sense your just a lot more controlled sample", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01062-00568088-00568865": "introduction a lot more controlled ion transfer into the inlet not to say that", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01063-00568865-00569245": "it can't be useful you can't get good semi quantitative specially out of", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01064-00569245-00569705": "liquid solutions but it's never going to be the same as GCMs and i would like to", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01065-00569705-00570094": "point out this is over five orders of magnitude so clearly a very broad range", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01066-00570094-00570868": "here and and but it's still GCMs is the gold standard for quantitation so it can", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01067-00570868-00571342": "quantitate in solutions but we're not looking at solutions we're looking at", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01068-00571342-00571859": "surfaces so how sensitive is dart when it comes to looking at surfaces well we", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01069-00571859-00572524": "had another project where we were looking at photo initiators transferring", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01070-00572524-00572953": "from the print side of a printed piece of food packaging to the food contact", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01071-00572953-00573461": "side of an adjacent piece of food packaging it's called set-off and we", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01072-00573461-00573886": "decided to look at err geekier 180 for a common photo initiator by producing", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01073-00573886-00574388": "standard samples with various levels of the photo initiator on the surface of", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01074-00574388-00575084": "the polymer this I believe was in LDPE film and what we saw was just some of", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01075-00575084-00575532": "the concentrations of the samples that we prepared you can see that the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01076-00575532-00576026": "surficial concentrations at dart which dart is able to differentiate from the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01077-00576026-00576673": "blanks is right around 0.25 nanograms per square centimeter so definitely down", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01078-00576673-00577498": "in the low fractions of a hundredths of a percent level you're going to see", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01079-00577498-00577897": "surficial concentrations orders of magnitude higher if you're looking at", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01080-00577897-00578519": "even 0.1% phthalates in a polymer so clearly it's", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01081-00578519-00578852": "more than sensitive enough for these types of compounds we haven't done this", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01082-00578852-00579365": "exact procedure with phthalates but the responsiveness of dart and area 2 of", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01083-00579365-00579740": "dart to area cure and phthalates is very comparable they're both small molecules", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01084-00579740-00580052": "I think this vapor pressure of this compound is almost exactly the same as", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01085-00580052-00580466": "diethyl hexyl phthalates vapor pressure is a pretty big factor when you're", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01086-00580466-00580913": "thermally desorbing something off of a surface so we see pretty comparable", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01087-00580913-00581369": "responses in that case i expensed expect the sensitivity for phthalates to be", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01088-00581369-00581869": "very comparable and then we also need the technique to identify the phthalates", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01089-00581869-00582319": "and in particular the nice thing about dart as I showed you back at the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01090-00582319-00582707": "beginning is it produces almost exclusively molecular ion that is M plus", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01091-00582707-00583073": "h you know one of the reasons why we like to use chemical ionization it's a", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01092-00583073-00583481": "much softer ionization technique it doesn't give you as reproducible mass", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01093-00583481-00584093": "spectrum on those fragment ions but it gives you a lot of very specific", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01094-00584093-00584669": "molecular ion to work with you can also include a little ammonia hydroxide in in", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01095-00584669-00585044": "the lab environment or swab it onto the surface of a polymer and you can produce", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01096-00585044-00585748": "ammonia instead of protonated molecule ions so instead of m plus h SN + NH 4", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01097-00585748-00586151": "it's often a common technique to look at both of those ions as a way of", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01098-00586151-00586859": "confirming that you know the 195 iron you see is really corresponding to to", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01099-00586859-00587486": "dimethyl phthalates or whatnot and as we all know this m plus h ion is very", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01100-00587486-00587969": "useful the fragment ions help a little bit more but isomers produce all the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01101-00587969-00588346": "same ions in theory and they should because there i Cerner's they're", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01102-00588346-00588788": "positional isomers so diethyl hexyl phthalates and octal phthalates are", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01103-00588788-00589471": "perfect example and other work by other folks including Roth and Bakker and and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01104-00589471-00589948": "SH walk it published in rapid communication and mass spec took a close", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01105-00589948-00590360": "look at this I think cooky out of Hungary also did the same thing in", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01106-00590360-00591134": "international mass spec Journal and what they found is the 261 to 279 the the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01107-00591134-00591728": "Ethne minus ethylene and minus ethanol fragments are produced in differential", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01108-00591728-00592078": "ratios and that really froze up and you can", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01109-00592078-00592525": "differentiate ethyl hexlen and octal that way the trouble is a lot of things", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01110-00592525-00593260": "can produce 261 and 279 and pretty much any isomeric octal phthalates can do", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01111-00593260-00593694": "that to varying degrees and what if you have mixtures of these phthalates so", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01112-00593694-00594250": "when we looked at a particular PP and LDPE film for various phthalates we see", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01113-00594250-00594744": "the molecular ions of ethyl Hextall or an octal and also dye I so know no", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01114-00594744-00595291": "phthalates when we look at the iron ratios of the fragments 279 clearly it", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01115-00595291-00595975": "exceeds 261 suggesting it's ethyl hexo phthalates you know the ratio is 1.7 but", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01116-00595975-00596527": "in the standards that ratio was 3.3 so what does this mean and in our initial", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01117-00596527-00596917": "analysis of this sample which is the cookie bar at the bottom of the chart", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01118-00596917-00597400": "there we said that we thought there's low hundreds of nanograms per square", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01119-00597400-00597868": "centimeter of diethyl hexyl phthalates and we didn't think there was an octal", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01120-00597868-00598405": "phthalates we then subjected these same samples to extraction LCMS analysis", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01121-00598405-00598900": "here's the chromatogram and we focused a lot on that isononyl phthalates in that", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01122-00598900-00599569": "particular case and what we saw was a very odd shape lcms peak we expect nice", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01123-00599569-00600082": "sharp lcms Peaks for the ice and onal and we suspected it was an N octave", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01124-00600082-00600646": "Dessel phthalates which would be a particular structural isomer of of the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01125-00600646-00601078": "no no phthalates and sure enough when we spiked it with an additional hundred ppb", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01126-00601078-00601671": "of dinnah that small shoulder goes up so din up is the shoulder and n octave", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01127-00601671-00602032": "Dessel phthalates was the dominant compound in this particular package", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01128-00602032-00602602": "similar analysis of ethyl hexyl and an octal in this particular and compound", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01129-00602602-00603025": "the cookie bar showed as you can see on the bottom that there was actually", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01130-00603025-00603487": "nearly equivalent concentrations of an octal phthalates and ethyl hexyl", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01131-00603487-00603946": "phthalates that's why our iron ratios of those fragments switched by dart ms and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01132-00603946-00604518": "we completely missed the anak the daesil phthalates in this particular sample so", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01133-00604518-00605014": "what can we can conclude from all of this well sample positioning effects", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01134-00605014-00605455": "dart response it's more than sensitive enough for phthalate", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01135-00605455-00605955": "analysis it can be quantitative in certain situations when you use internal", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01136-00605955-00606330": "standards and especially with solvents it can be sending semi-quantitative off", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01137-00606330-00606751": "of polymer surfaces especially if you can deposit an internal standard which I", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01138-00606751-00607332": "know some nist groups have been working on for the explosives methods they've", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01139-00607332-00607884": "been working on printing standards on surfaces and it cannot reliably identify", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01140-00607884-00608542": "different isomers of different phthalates not in mixtures and one last", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01141-00608542-00609169": "note is the time responsive dart so this is a typical tick and this is what that", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01142-00609169-00609844": "stand this is a total iron current of a typical standard for Dart and what you", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01143-00609844-00610357": "see here is first the solvent ethyl hexyl phthalates or ethyl acetate excuse", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01144-00610357-00610971": "me came off the surface of the of the tip and then the diethyl hexyl", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01145-00610971-00611413": "phthalates in the last second and the time scales of these are about 1/6 to", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01146-00611413-00611919": "1/9 of a second so you need to be measuring your your mass spectral traces", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01147-00611919-00612555": "at 6 to 9 Hertz at least so cycles per second in order for dart to really be", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01148-00612555-00613057": "useful in capturing the actual quantity law so these are all things that we need", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01149-00613057-00613428": "to keep in mind but again the main points it cannot reliably identify the", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01150-00613428-00613792": "different isomers it can quant under certain circumstances but it can", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01151-00613792-00614426": "certainly screen for the presence of various phthalates thank you", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01152-00615216-00616006": "well if you can reliably move the sample through the dart stream like we were", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01153-00616006-00616528": "doing with that little linear rail on the surface then you can assign a", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01154-00616528-00617014": "spatial map that will be our next publication where we reproduce the set", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01155-00617014-00617496": "off image of a print on the adjacent piece of packaging you can see the same", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01156-00617496-00618909": "trademark logos and you know images but just recreate it in a chemical map well", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01157-00618909-00619620": "so the width of the of the dart beam is on the order of about a centimeter or", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01158-00619620-00620050": "three-quarters of a centimeter somewhere around there I know that they're working", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01159-00620050-00620688": "on different iterations that have narrower helium being widths but really", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01160-00620688-00621070": "double or triple that and that's probably the double that and that's", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01161-00621070-00621361": "probably the smallest scale of resolution you're going to achieve and", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01162-00621361-00621753": "then of course you can screw it up by moving the sample too fast or you're", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01163-00621753-00623479": "reproducibly yeah why don't we go ahead we'll break for lunch now and we'll", "2JLOzPjZBWy-01164-00623479-00623829": "start back up again at one o'clock"}}, {"audio_id": "2Kq3NGfB9J8", "text": {"2Kq3NGfB9J8-00000-00000325-00001062": "\"Forbidden Fruit\" is part of a series that's based on \"Alice in Wonderland\" and a friend", "2Kq3NGfB9J8-00001-00001062-00001558": "once told me that when she looked at my work, she felt as if she fell through the rabbit", "2Kq3NGfB9J8-00002-00001558-00002116": "hole. In reading the book, I recognize the similarities", "2Kq3NGfB9J8-00003-00002116-00002719": "between the book and my work. Such as, in my paintings I create a world that's whimsical", "2Kq3NGfB9J8-00004-00002719-00003379": "and mysterious, very much like Wonderland. Also, when I was reading the book, I found", "2Kq3NGfB9J8-00005-00003379-00003996": "myself grasping for meaning and most of the people who look at my work are always looking", "2Kq3NGfB9J8-00006-00003996-00004725": "for an explanation. So, the number 82 is the year I was born. 1982.", "2Kq3NGfB9J8-00007-00004725-00005594": "And 910, I use that number because it's one away from 911, which is emergency. I kind", "2Kq3NGfB9J8-00008-00005594-00006167": "of have crows looming over this figure's head, as if something is going to happen to this", "2Kq3NGfB9J8-00009-00006167-00006717": "person. The watermelons I use because they kind of", "2Kq3NGfB9J8-00010-00006717-00007248": "have a dual nature with race. They can have negative connotations but it's a very fun", "2Kq3NGfB9J8-00011-00007248-00007589": "fruit that's meant to be shared and brings people together.", "2Kq3NGfB9J8-00012-00007589-00008495": "The letter \"A\" is actually one of the hieroglyphs. It originated as an ox head, was like the", "2Kq3NGfB9J8-00013-00008495-00009335": "letter \"A\" in hieroglyphs, so that is based off an ox, the figure. I kind of threw that", "2Kq3NGfB9J8-00014-00009335-00009752": "in, too. The mushrooms, because this was inspired by", "2Kq3NGfB9J8-00015-00009752-00010396": "the caterpillar in the story, when he was smoking the hookah pipe in \"Alice in Wonderland.\"", "2Kq3NGfB9J8-00016-00010396-00011225": "I like to keep my paintings open to multiple interpretations, because I feel like it keeps", "2Kq3NGfB9J8-00017-00011225-00011443": "the painting relevant and excited."}}, {"audio_id": "2KIAEGQ4Kx4", "text": {"2KIAEGQ4Kx4-00000-00000000-00027100": "TAXOLIN TEA 6944729079 2114095554"}}, {"audio_id": "2KOKDm-dXJg", "text": {"2KOKDm-dXJg-00000-00000000-00000509": "Hello, and in this video, we're going to be sort of motivating the main topic of", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00001-00000509-00001175": "our fifth unit entropy using the Gibbs free energy. Now, the Gibbs free energy is", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00002-00001175-00001596": "a concept that often comes up in chemistry and biology courses. The", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00003-00001596-00002046": "definition of the Gibbs free energy is that the change in the Gibbs free energy", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00004-00002046-00002636": "ΔG=ΔH-TΔS. Let's deconstruct this equation a minute,", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00005-00002636-00003084": "ΔG is the change in the Gibbs free energy, this new quantity that we're", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00006-00003084-00003702": "introducing, ΔH is the change in enthalpy, not the change in energy, the", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00007-00003702-00004257": "change in enthalpy that we discussed back in Unit 4, but you may remember from", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00008-00004257-00004598": "unit 4 that when we're talking about processes under constant pressure, and", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00009-00004598-00005189": "most everything is at constant pressure in biology, as most things are open to", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00010-00005189-00005742": "the air and therefore take place at air pressure, under this situation, enthalpy", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00011-00005742-00006332": "is the same as heat, so ΔH=Q at constant pressure, which will be", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00012-00006332-00006740": "the case for most processes that you will encounter and all of the processes", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00013-00006740-00007254": "that we will discuss. T in this expression is what you might expect; it's", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00014-00007254-00007793": "the temperature. So, why do we need the temperature in this equation? Well, is a", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00015-00007793-00008156": "heat, or enthalpy change, of five joules per mole", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00016-00008156-00008631": "big or small? Well, you can't say that unless you have something to compare", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00017-00008631-00009329": "that five joules per mole to. So, what energy in the system can you compare", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00018-00009329-00009771": "that five joules per mole to? Well, you could compare it to the average energy", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00019-00009771-00010418": "available, and as we saw in unit 4 the average energy is the temperature, so", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00020-00010418-00010736": "that's why the temperature is in this expression. It provides a comparison", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00021-00010736-00011424": "point for the enthalpy. The last quantity is ΔS,the change in the", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00022-00011424-00012014": "entropy. It turns out that the sign, but interestingly not the magnitude of", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00023-00012014-00012549": "ΔG tells you if a process will happen spontaneously. If ΔG is negative,", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00024-00012549-00013119": "then the process will occur spontaneously. So, clearly if you want to", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00025-00013119-00013559": "use this Gibbs free energy to understand if processes will be spontaneous or", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00026-00013559-00014276": "not, you need to know what entropy is. So, how can I get a spontaneous process", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00027-00014276-00014852": "using this definition of ΔG? Well, there's two sort of ways. One, I can be", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00028-00014852-00015394": "energy-releasing. If I release energy is heat, i.e. I'm an exothermic reaction, then", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00029-00015394-00015884": "the Q will be negative, and thus if I'm at constant pressure the enthalpy will", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00030-00015884-00016331": "be negative, and this will push us towards a negative Gibbs free energy", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00031-00016331-00017012": "change in negative ΔG. The other way is to increase the entropy. If the", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00032-00017012-00017639": "entropy ΔS increases, then because of this negative sign, the Gibbs free", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00033-00017639-00018092": "energy change ΔG will actually be pushed negative, so an increase in", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00034-00018092-00018578": "entropy, i.e. the number of ways to arrange things. will push towards a negative", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00035-00018578-00019094": "change in Gibbs free energy. So, in summary, the Gibbs free energy is an", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00036-00019094-00019556": "important concept in the chemical and life sciences, At constant pressure which", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00037-00019556-00020006": "most processes in the chemical and life sciences are, the sign of the Gibbs free", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00038-00020006-00020426": "energy indicates if a process will be spontaneous or not. If the change in the", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00039-00020426-00020909": "Gibbs free energy, ΔG, is negative, less than zero, then the process will be", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00040-00020909-00021476": "spontaneous. The Gibbs free energy looks at a balance of the change in enthalpy", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00041-00021476-00022076": "ΔH and the average energy in a system, the temperature, and a change in", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00042-00022076-00022676": "the entropy. Thus entropy is an important concept for us to understand to help us", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00043-00022676-00023171": "understand this idea of the Gibbs free energy. We'll see along the way that this", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00044-00023171-00023825": "idea of understanding what entropy is will also help us gain a greater insight", "2KOKDm-dXJg-00045-00023825-00024349": "into certain processes. This concludes this video."}}, {"audio_id": "2Lt_UW_T8rQ", "text": {"2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00000-00000620-00001095": "welcome back super excited in this lesson I'm going to demonstrate how to", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00001-00001095-00001449": "go about quitting is splash screen so this is another project that we're gonna", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00002-00001449-00001848": "do we're gonna start from scratch we will first create a splash screen and", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00003-00001848-00002444": "then I'm gonna also demonstrate some additional screens as well so in this", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00004-00002444-00002823": "particular lecture just focusing on how to go about creating a splash screen", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00005-00002823-00003340": "fairly straightforward I'll give you a good idea once you actually start to design it", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00006-00003340-00003678": "and I would like you to practice and have your creativity flow", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00007-00003678-00004155": "so let's jump right in I'm gonna go ahead and click on the frame tool and", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00008-00004155-00005171": "I'm gonna click on let's say the iPhone 8 which is 375 by 6 6 7 pixels so I'm", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00009-00005171-00005544": "gonna click on this it brings up an empty frame for me on the canvas and", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00010-00005544-00006087": "here's my art port now a couple of ways I could do it of course we've been doing", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00011-00006087-00006714": "it by importing images and so on I could also use existing kits right so I could", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00012-00006714-00007314": "have like messenger platform kit I have the material design UI kit you can get", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00013-00007314-00007845": "these from figma resources com I've also created a lecture towards the end of the", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00014-00007845-00008204": "course you can take a look at they'll give you several resources I've also", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00015-00008204-00008804": "provided you with the zip file so you can download all of these ok so not to", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00016-00008804-00009350": "worry but let's explore what those are and then we'll come back to our frame", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00017-00009350-00009836": "itself here the blank canvas so I'm going to go to let's take a look at the", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00018-00009836-00010559": "material design and notice here you can see several pre-made cards for instance", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00019-00010559-00011199": "you'll have buttons here they can simply pick and choose and copy and paste on", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00020-00011199-00011768": "your own canvas area so which is super helpful unless you're really customizing", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00021-00011768-00012146": "for your own needs you can of course still customize it for instance if I", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00022-00012146-00012707": "need to change the color of this button right so let's say if I pick this button", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00023-00012707-00013281": "here so I'm gonna select this just do a copy and notice on the left side it", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00024-00013281-00013712": "gives me the to layer that I'm selecting so if I just", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00025-00013712-00014216": "wish to select a button I'm just gonna do a ctrl C copy go back to my canvas", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00026-00014216-00015033": "and displace it onto my blankey area so this is great right because now I can", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00027-00015033-00015563": "actually move and drag and change the colors and whatnot on my canvas itself", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00028-00015563-00016201": "so I don't have to draw it manually create a plus sign I have a 56 by 56", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00029-00016201-00016713": "button already and notice all of the properties all the layers are part of", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00030-00016713-00017169": "this so here if I expand the actions frame here", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00031-00017169-00017756": "notice each icon is different right so the plus sign is placed differently and", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00032-00017756-00018420": "then of course I have my circle as well and of course my color so it saves you a", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00033-00018420-00018731": "lot of time when you're actually working with projects where you're designing app", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00034-00018731-00019101": "for your clients or if you're doing some freelance work this is great way to", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00035-00019101-00019659": "actually go about doing it all right so let's minimize this so I have a button", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00036-00019659-00020109": "here similarly let's go back you can actually take a look at other resources", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00037-00020109-00020576": "and there are thousands and thousands of them it just depends on what you're", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00038-00020576-00021267": "really looking to do so I'm gonna pick this button here as well or of course", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00039-00021267-00021825": "you can create your own buttons as well and of course once you have it you can", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00040-00021825-00022343": "customize it you can make it bigger or smaller it just depends on your own", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00041-00022343-00023244": "requirement perfect so you get the idea right similarly if I go to the messenger", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00042-00023244-00023751": "platform design notice I have the entire frame designs even available so I can", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00043-00023751-00024378": "pick this entire frame and then copy it and then start building on it so it's", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00044-00024378-00024717": "much easier that way and I want to demonstrate that in the", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00045-00024717-00025163": "next screen as well well in fact let me just do that right now so just copy this", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00046-00025163-00026228": "and then paste it and notice this is the same size as the iOS or iPhone 8 because", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00047-00026228-00026984": "it's 375 by 667 pixels make it bigger so you can see there we", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00048-00026984-00027513": "go and the same thing for my actual frame", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00049-00027513-00028488": "that I created earlier on is also the 375 by 667 so these are actually both", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00050-00028488-00029372": "the same perfect so you get the idea so I'm gonna get rid of this for now", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00051-00029372-00029808": "because what I'm looking for is just creating a splash screen right so I'm", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00052-00029808-00030186": "gonna demonstrate in this lesson just a splash screen and then we'll take a look", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00053-00030186-00030858": "at how to customize our rest of the areas as well so let's continue let's go", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00054-00030858-00031350": "ahead and give our frame a background for my splash screen so I'm going to go", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00055-00031350-00032331": "ahead and click on the shapes tool and bring up my place image and this will", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00056-00032331-00032796": "open up the Windows Explorer and allows me to actually import any image that I", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00057-00032796-00033272": "choose to and again i've provided all of these images you can take a look at so", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00058-00033272-00034144": "i'm going to go ahead and select one of these images and for a splash screen", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00059-00034144-00034490": "let's go ahead", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00060-00034803-00035316": "and pick this image here and we've done this before but I just want to make sure", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00061-00035316-00035721": "that we understand when you're actually working on a certain project here right", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00062-00035721-00036458": "from scratch you need to first understand or select these images or", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00063-00036458-00036837": "objects that you want to place on the canvas the one thing that I'm not", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00064-00036837-00037314": "showing here again I reiterate and I've said this in my previous lectures is", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00065-00037314-00037605": "that you need to first design everything on paper right so you need to know", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00066-00037605-00038063": "exactly what you need where you need it and how are you gonna go about actually", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00067-00038063-00038655": "placing it so that's important that you actually have the actual design or the", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00068-00038655-00039075": "creativity on not a piece of paper so it helps so you don't have to create this", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00069-00039075-00039558": "on the fly of course when you get some experience where you get used to this", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00070-00039558-00040035": "you can start to create these so I'm going to bring this to front our button", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00071-00040035-00040386": "here I'm going to get rid of this plus sign I don't need this on the flash", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00072-00040386-00040845": "screen and I'm gonna go ahead and make it", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00073-00040845-00041358": "bigger so you can actually see all right good so this is where I'm gonna place", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00074-00041358-00042132": "the button and I also need maybe one more thing on here which is the logo it", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00075-00042132-00043124": "could be any image I'm gonna go ahead and in fact select a logo about this one", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00076-00043361-00044205": "and let's go ahead and minimize this or just make it smaller now what I'm gonna", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00077-00044205-00044688": "do is I'm gonna actually crop this image so just bring up my image and we've done", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00078-00044688-00045450": "this before so I'm gonna crop this image and just like this top part of the logo", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00079-00045450-00045719": "being displayed", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00080-00046150-00047203": "and I'm gonna hold my shift key to make sure I maintain the same proportions all", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00081-00047203-00047680": "right perfect I can make this in the center or on top just depending I'm", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00082-00047680-00048268": "going to keep this in the center here and move the button further down and", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00083-00048268-00048761": "notice I don't have the gridlines right so just a quick test quick quiz how do", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00084-00048761-00049243": "you go about actually bringing the gridlines do you know how of course so", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00085-00049243-00050627": "let's click on the frame here and I'm gonna bring up my gridlines here's my", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00086-00050627-00051276": "layout grid I'm going to demonstrate show columns right so it depends on the", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00087-00051276-00051899": "number of columns you want remember bootstrap has a max of 12 columns so on", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00088-00051899-00052201": "so you can actually when you did before you design you need to understand that", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00089-00052201-00052645": "you need to have these columns we can Center your buttons and whatnot right so", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00090-00052645-00053256": "here based on the gridlines my button is centered and of course my logo is also", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00091-00053256-00053972": "centered perfect so let me hide these gridlines so it's quickly 1 or to show", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00092-00053972-00054611": "you there we go so the image is back and notice I have a small logo I crop this", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00093-00054611-00055076": "image and I also have a button here and this is going to be my splash screen", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00094-00055076-00055613": "that's the first screen that the user is gonna see when the actual app loads and", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00095-00055613-00056026": "of course once I have the image I can bring up the image I can work with", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00096-00056026-00056491": "additional properties like fit crop tile or I could work with exposure contrast", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00097-00056491-00057430": "and so on I can also make this layer multiply so I'm gonna have this maybe at", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00098-00057430-00058492": "50% and same thing with this image I'm gonna make this 50% as well so it kind", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00099-00058492-00059297": "of blends in to the actual designs so they make this bigger alright so I'm", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00100-00059297-00059552": "going to set some constraints so that the", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00101-00059552-00060005": "particular logo moves along with the screen right so I need to make sure that", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00102-00060005-00060666": "its left and right and same thing with the button it's already left and right", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00103-00060666-00061544": "which is fine perfect great so next of course I can do some", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00104-00061544-00062252": "additional tweaks to my image for example instead of crop I can do a fill", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00105-00062252-00063107": "or I can do a fit for instance or crop or tile right so again it depends on my", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00106-00063107-00063550": "own requirement as to what it is that I like to do when I'm going to keep this", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00107-00063550-00064175": "for now having a look it's looking good for the splash screen and for the button", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00108-00064175-00064682": "I'm just gonna go ahead and change the text here so I'm gonna say getting", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00109-00064682-00065291": "started or I can say click here or you can say begin your journey or whatever", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00110-00065291-00065916": "it is I'd like to actually let the user know when the actual app loads so this", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00111-00065916-00066336": "is our simple splash screen you can make it bigger you can change the color of", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00112-00066336-00066816": "the button as well you can give the button a round shape so if you're not", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00113-00066816-00067311": "comfortable with this you can of course play with the angles or rotation so once", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00114-00067311-00067619": "I have the splash screen next I'm going to go ahead and actually create our", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00115-00067619-00068013": "first screen so once the app loads then I'm going to go ahead and create these", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00116-00068013-00068499": "second screen so practice with this fairly straightforward and then let's", "2Lt_UW_T8rQ-00117-00068499-00068845": "move to the next lesson"}}, {"audio_id": "2LAyQiCLAuY", "text": {"2LAyQiCLAuY-00000-00000000-00000089": "Does it need water?", "2LAyQiCLAuY-00001-00000089-00000194": "Check the soil!", "2LAyQiCLAuY-00002-00000194-00000373": "Stick your finger into the soil", "2LAyQiCLAuY-00003-00000373-00000481": "and it it feels moist", "2LAyQiCLAuY-00004-00000481-00000742": "and your finger comes out like this with soil,", "2LAyQiCLAuY-00005-00000742-00000864": "don't water.", "2LAyQiCLAuY-00006-00000864-00000995": "If it feels dry", "2LAyQiCLAuY-00007-00000995-00001225": "and your finger comes out with no soil,", "2LAyQiCLAuY-00008-00001225-00001348": "water.", "2LAyQiCLAuY-00009-00001348-00001645": "And that's how you check if your plant needs water!"}}, {"audio_id": "2LNtrFokIuY", "text": {"2LNtrFokIuY-00000-00000096-00000616": "the envision readers have followed this link to meet you or learn more so tell us what is the", "2LNtrFokIuY-00001-00000616-00001288": "inspiration behind let's get to second base yeah so first off thank you thank you for following the", "2LNtrFokIuY-00002-00001288-00001807": "link to get here secondly back to your question the inspiration behind getting to second base", "2LNtrFokIuY-00003-00001807-00002456": "comes from a patient that i had a long time ago named cherie and the topic of this kind of looming", "2LNtrFokIuY-00004-00002456-00003000": "feeling is really important because i've witnessed countless doctors and opticians develop this kind", "2LNtrFokIuY-00005-00003000-00003528": "of fear of being viewed as salesy and for most of us this mentality kind of you know changes over", "2LNtrFokIuY-00006-00003528-00004015": "time so gradually that we don't even realize it now early on in my career i had a run-in with this", "2LNtrFokIuY-00007-00004015-00004848": "lady named cherie and she was a widow in her late 60s very beautiful very confident and somewhat", "2LNtrFokIuY-00008-00004848-00005448": "intimidating to most but i was intrigued by her um she brought in an outside prescription", "2LNtrFokIuY-00009-00005448-00006288": "when she came in and she had said that uh the other opticals that she visited had no style and", "2LNtrFokIuY-00010-00006288-00006808": "um that speaking with them made her question their overall intelligence no pressure right", "2LNtrFokIuY-00011-00006912-00007376": "so i'm picking out glasses uh cherie had tried on some styles i told her that we were going to", "2LNtrFokIuY-00012-00007376-00007864": "get her the clearest vision possible minimize the glare and have the best protection against", "2LNtrFokIuY-00013-00007864-00008328": "scratch resistance and then i told her that her option a frame choice was going to be about 1100", "2LNtrFokIuY-00014-00008384-00008720": "and her option b frame choice with the lenses was going to be about 800", "2LNtrFokIuY-00015-00008792-00009360": "and you know what she said she said thank you she thanked me for telling her what i recommended she", "2LNtrFokIuY-00016-00009360-00009880": "also appreciated that she didn't feel like she was on a game show trying to estimate the total cost", "2LNtrFokIuY-00017-00009880-00010368": "being added up in her head like the other opticals were doing to her and when she said thank you", "2LNtrFokIuY-00018-00010368-00010912": "i honestly almost started to cry i told cheri that had dealt with a woman who had purchased glasses", "2LNtrFokIuY-00019-00010912-00011512": "from one of my opticians and insisted on speaking with the manager and demanded", "2LNtrFokIuY-00020-00011512-00011976": "her 175 dollars back that she paid for glasses because we were ripping her off", "2LNtrFokIuY-00021-00012056-00012656": "and as i was telling cherie how refreshing it was to have this compliment especially when i just", "2LNtrFokIuY-00022-00012656-00013136": "quoted her in such a high price shari stopped me and said oh honey you've got it wrong it", "2LNtrFokIuY-00023-00013136-00013632": "has absolutely nothing to do with the price you presented these to me with such confidence that", "2LNtrFokIuY-00024-00013632-00014088": "i know i'm going to love them and people will pay for that value and if you can teach your", "2LNtrFokIuY-00025-00014088-00014463": "team to have that level of confidence too you won't have to deal with any behavior like that", "2LNtrFokIuY-00026-00014768-00015312": "and she was so right and then i care we fear getting our faces bitten off by a patient rather", "2LNtrFokIuY-00027-00015312-00015952": "than taking confidence in our stance and our expertise we tread lightly and we maybe recommend", "2LNtrFokIuY-00028-00015952-00016544": "that you know 175 dollar frame instead of the 300 frame for fear of you know the patient freaking", "2LNtrFokIuY-00029-00016544-00017080": "out we make partial recommendations we offer them anti-reflective treatment because the best one is", "2LNtrFokIuY-00030-00017080-00017624": "60 more or we go to the progressive that some people like because it's a hundred dollars less", "2LNtrFokIuY-00031-00017624-00018176": "than that progressive that pretty much everybody likes so honestly i'm thankful i met cherie she", "2LNtrFokIuY-00032-00018176-00018792": "gave me a whole new perspective that moment with cherie helped me to really understand that um", "2LNtrFokIuY-00033-00018792-00019320": "how we handle things in our optical is a mindset and this unique mindset is what i've carried with", "2LNtrFokIuY-00034-00019320-00019728": "me through all of my optical years through my coaching through my speaking through my repping", "2LNtrFokIuY-00035-00019728-00020328": "years and now through spexy and and this is what i teach our members we develop confident teams", "2LNtrFokIuY-00036-00020768-00020968": "all right now that we got all the introductions out of the", "2LNtrFokIuY-00037-00020968-00021184": "way last month let's get into the real stuff", "2LNtrFokIuY-00038-00021240-00021824": "the idea that they can give one number of what all opticals should be turning their inventory at", "2LNtrFokIuY-00039-00021824-00022496": "is total [ __ ] i said [ __ ] this month's sales column is about properly managing your inventory", "2LNtrFokIuY-00040-00022496-00023800": "in its most simple form it's basically having more of what sells and get rid of what doesn't"}}, {"audio_id": "2LRDT9_Qq6E", "text": {"2LRDT9_Qq6E-00000-00000114-00000798": "beloved I pray you are well I just want us to take a minute with Jesus", "2LRDT9_Qq6E-00001-00000906-00001794": "why do you think Jesus would remind you of today I think he would remind you that for God so loved", "2LRDT9_Qq6E-00002-00001794-00002406": "the world that he gave his only begotten son that whoever believes in him should not perish but have", "2LRDT9_Qq6E-00003-00002406-00002922": "eternal life it would even go further to verse 17 and says for God did not send his", "2LRDT9_Qq6E-00004-00002922-00003456": "son into the world to condemn the world but that the world through him might be saved", "2LRDT9_Qq6E-00005-00003594-00003996": "I think one thing Jesus Christ would remind you of is that God loves you", "2LRDT9_Qq6E-00006-00004074-00004674": "and it doesn't doesn't want you to be condemned he doesn't want you to perish", "2LRDT9_Qq6E-00007-00004674-00005124": "he wants you to have an eternal life through his son Jesus Christ was the way the truth the life", "2LRDT9_Qq6E-00008-00005304-00005958": "friend I suggest you give your life to him have a blessed weekend God bless you bye"}}, {"audio_id": "2LSIxLCcMHU", "text": {"2LSIxLCcMHU-00000-00001928-00002104": "Welcome to Suncoast.", "2LSIxLCcMHU-00001-00002104-00002688": "This little short video is about the Siriu dam and lake.", "2LSIxLCcMHU-00002-00002688-00003288": "The dam and lake are pretty much in the middle of the mountains, the Carpathians,", "2LSIxLCcMHU-00003-00003288-00004079": "between Buzau and Brasov. I read some place that it's about 15.5 km", "2LSIxLCcMHU-00004-00004152-00004792": "in length and it contains 155 million cubic meters of water.", "2LSIxLCcMHU-00005-00004872-00005520": "The dam was built in 1975 and was finalized in 1994.", "2LSIxLCcMHU-00006-00005520-00006456": "The main purpose has been to shield the local community from floods, to produce hydroelectric", "2LSIxLCcMHU-00007-00006456-00007072": "energy and to provide drinking water. The area is quite beautiful and the lake", "2LSIxLCcMHU-00008-00007072-00007559": "appears pristine. And I did notice some kind", "2LSIxLCcMHU-00009-00007559-00008288": "of a Land Rover vehicle that was carrying rafts so I think they probably do rafting.", "2LSIxLCcMHU-00010-00008288-00009112": "I think the area has great potential for tourism and boating and I think it's a wonderful place.", "2LSIxLCcMHU-00011-00009112-00009688": "But like many places in Romania hasn't been there exploited very well for tourism.", "2LSIxLCcMHU-00012-00009752-00010328": "Siriu lake reminded me of Beltzville, Pennsylvania which is a", "2LSIxLCcMHU-00013-00010328-00011056": "lake that's also dammed. I believe that belongs to the Pennsylvania Power and Light (PP&L) company.", "2LSIxLCcMHU-00014-00011056-00011928": "And then lake has quite a few parks and facilities around, the campsites and boating launch areas and", "2LSIxLCcMHU-00015-00011928-00012832": "people can put a motor boats, kayaks, canoes, rafts and what have you and so I think that could be a great", "2LSIxLCcMHU-00016-00012832-00013840": "model for developing Siriu lake here in Romania. I boated on Beltzville lake many times with an", "2LSIxLCcMHU-00017-00013840-00014391": "18’ motor boat, with my family and I enjoyed that experience very much.", "2LSIxLCcMHU-00018-00014552-00015112": "I think that experience can be replicated here on Siriu lake.", "2LSIxLCcMHU-00019-00015112-00016984": "I hope you enjoyed my video and please subscribe if you liked it"}}, {"audio_id": "2Mjxwb3Vkp4", "text": {"2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00000-00000012-00000391": "Alright, the survey results are in and you have asked me to record a video in traffic", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00001-00000391-00000491": "mode.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00002-00000491-00000689": "However, there's another interesting mode called \"Beta\" that's not working perfectly", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00003-00000689-00000863": "yet, as you can't use it online.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00004-00000863-00001153": "It's only possible to use it in \"Kino\" mode, which is currently in development.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00005-00001153-00001515": "You can download the traffic Beta file from the link I provided below and place all the", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00006-00001515-00001614": "files there.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00007-00001614-00002076": "I won't upload them again from the bottom since you'll be selecting \"Training\" in the", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00008-00002076-00002659": "CarX game and pressing the number 9 key to be directed to the map directly.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00009-00002659-00003298": "From here, you can determine the maximum percentage of spam and the minimum level of comfort.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00010-00003298-00004103": "As you can see, the vehicles are starting to appear, so let's get back to the video.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00011-00004103-00004694": "Since we're in the development phase, let's start slowly and try some drifting.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00012-00004694-00005410": "I didn't create a lot of traffic in this traffic mode, so it's still possible to drive like", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00013-00005410-00005689": "crazy, but I won't be doing it too much.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00014-00005689-00006159": "I'll show you how to do it later on, like doing a sharp turn.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00015-00006159-00007345": "Now, let's try to drift through the traffic, slowly moving out from here... and we did", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00016-00007345-00007445": "it!", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00017-00007445-00008136": "I've been playing since yesterday, practicing a bit to get the hang of it, how to play and", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00018-00008136-00008384": "how to do it.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00019-00008384-00009375": "So, I'm just getting used to it now, like saying, \"Dad, let's move out from here.\"", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00020-00009375-00009909": "I was also able to install Kino, so some mod features will be available.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00021-00009909-00010957": "In the chat, you might see some things like \"why do we have black people here?\"", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00022-00010957-00011359": "and \"can I pass from here?\"", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00023-00011359-00011560": "and so on.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00024-00011560-00012228": "Let's just move from here to there...and we made it!", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00025-00012228-00012440": "It's really a fun mode, and it's pleasing to play.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00026-00012440-00012919": "If you're having trouble installing this on Assetto, I recommend trying CarX because it's", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00027-00012919-00013179": "simpler to install and more fun.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00028-00013179-00014022": "Since both games have a bit of a similar style, it's not as realistic as Assetto, which is", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00029-00014022-00014212": "more of a simulation game.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00030-00014212-00014854": "Players who use a keyboard can still enjoy it, like in this practice mode, where we're", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00031-00014854-00015047": "going to take this small road here.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00032-00015047-00015243": "Oh, but it's really crowded around here.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00033-00015243-00015383": "Can we fit in there?", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00034-00015383-00015684": "Our car won't fit in, but that's alright.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00035-00015684-00016529": "I slapped the guy on the side and put him on the right.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00036-00016529-00016764": "We're still moving forward.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00037-00016764-00017648": "It's more difficult to drift using normal brakes, but I managed to save myself there.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00038-00017648-00018201": "It's really hard to control the car in some places because it's too powerful.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00039-00018201-00018861": "Let's move from here to the right lane.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00040-00018861-00019622": "Oh, that's good, we made it, and we only touched it slightly.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00041-00019622-00019956": "I'm sorry, I might be the first person to apologize to the pedestrian.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00042-00019956-00020158": "We did it!", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00043-00020158-00021031": "Let's move on, let's move on, let's move on, let's move on, hop!", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00044-00021031-00021636": "For example, how did the guy fit in there?", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00045-00021636-00022442": "That's a great angle, and we barely made it out from here.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00046-00022442-00023459": "Let's turn the wheel slightly to the right and save ourselves.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00047-00023459-00023919": "No, no, no, we didn't make it, I'm sorry.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00048-00023919-00024259": "I might be the first person to apologize to the pedestrian.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00049-00024259-00024359": "Hop!", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00050-00024359-00024459": "Hop!", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00051-00024459-00024559": "Hop!", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00052-00024559-00024703": "Let's move on to a wider road this time.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00053-00024703-00025147": "I gave it a nice push.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00054-00025147-00026023": "Oh, we barely touched the guy here, and it's all over here with a light touch.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00055-00026023-00026147": "We did it!", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00056-00026147-00026700": "I increased the traffic this time, as I said, because it's more fun to weave through traffic", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00057-00026700-00026800": "like this.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00058-00026800-00027297": "We can squeeze through here, go from there to there, cut through this gap, there's a", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00059-00027297-00027812": "lot of traffic on this dirt road right now.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00060-00027812-00028797": "Okay, I'll follow this version of the road and this must be a Mercedes.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00061-00028797-00029474": "This Honda is small enough to fit through here anyway.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00062-00029474-00029574": "(Music)", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00063-00029574-00029791": "Got it, got it, got it!", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00064-00029791-00029897": "It's so great!", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00065-00029897-00031338": "Man, I wish this was as fun in FPS, but I'd be dying while trying to show off my skills.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00066-00031338-00032322": "It's much better to drive like this, you have better control.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00067-00032322-00033696": "Watch out for the rock on the left, let's turn onto this narrow road.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00068-00033696-00034100": "Oh, the car couldn't slow down.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00069-00034100-00034413": "The FPS looks so silly.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00070-00034413-00034619": "I'm flowing now.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00071-00034619-00035262": "Let's see if we can squeeze through here too.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00072-00035262-00035639": "We'll use the left side here, just like that.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00073-00035639-00037205": "I can use this gap here, and then hop over here, I'm in awe of the car in front of me.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00074-00037205-00038184": "Let's take a look here, the car sounds good too, like the sound of ashura.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00075-00038184-00038941": "But there's no horn in the car, I don't get it.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00076-00038941-00040041": "They should have put a horn in, it would be better with a sound.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00077-00040041-00041685": "The driving is really good in some places, but it's not good at all in others, man.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00078-00041685-00044004": "It takes 5 minutes to go 5 feet, the car  is driving in some places and not in others,", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00079-00044004-00044512": "but it fits, it fits really well.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00080-00044512-00045603": "My brain hurts now, I can say with 99.9% certainty that your brain will hurt too.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00081-00045603-00046659": "If you know this map by heart, then of course your brain won't hurt.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00082-00046659-00047365": "But I don't know it by heart, so my brain hurts.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00083-00047365-00047643": "Let's go from here.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00084-00047643-00048037": "What else can I do?", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00085-00048037-00048718": "I'm closing my eyes.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00086-00048718-00051320": "Oh, it's not my driving skills, I don't know how to hold the steering wheel.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00087-00051320-00052221": "I'm drinking my coffee while weaving through traffic.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00088-00052221-00052333": "(Music)", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00089-00052333-00052783": "What are you doing?", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00090-00052783-00054100": "I need to do something in certain places to get it into 5th gear, and I need to hold on", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00091-00054100-00054200": "too.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00092-00054200-00054870": "My 5th gear is broken, I'm tired, man, I'm tired, it's been 18 minutes already.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00093-00054870-00055587": "Let's calm down a bit here, let's ride the bike calmly.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00094-00055587-00056024": "Take care, guys.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00095-00056024-00056570": "That's it for this video, you know the rules, fuck off.", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00096-00056570-00056670": "(Music)", "2Mjxwb3Vkp4-00097-00056670-00056671": "(Music)"}}, {"audio_id": "2Muhk71mnK4", "text": {"2Muhk71mnK4-00000-00000754-00001203": "Trump Just Nuked COWARD Obama for Allowing an ANIMAL to Kill Innocent People", "2Muhk71mnK4-00001-00001203-00001404": "Here we go again…..", "2Muhk71mnK4-00002-00001404-00001795": "Another reported chemical weapons attack in Syria and this time at least 40 people are", "2Muhk71mnK4-00003-00001795-00002032": "dead and dozens injured.", "2Muhk71mnK4-00004-00002032-00002459": "President Trump, came out swinging against failed former President Obama, who cowardly", "2Muhk71mnK4-00005-00002459-00002947": "backed away from his own “red line” when he warned Syria against using chemical weapons,", "2Muhk71mnK4-00006-00002947-00003118": "promising massive “retribution.”", "2Muhk71mnK4-00007-00003118-00003659": "Well, they did use chemical weapons, and Obama did nothing except lie, and claim he rid the", "2Muhk71mnK4-00008-00003659-00004004": "country of any chemical weapons they could use in the future.", "2Muhk71mnK4-00009-00004004-00004368": "This was untrue, as they’ve now used them twice.", "2Muhk71mnK4-00010-00004368-00004791": "President Trump retaliated hard the first time, and now, we wait to see what his move", "2Muhk71mnK4-00011-00004791-00005078": "will be against Assad this time around.", "2Muhk71mnK4-00012-00005078-00005280": "From Fox News", "2Muhk71mnK4-00013-00005280-00005678": "President Trump slammed former President Barack Obama on Sunday for not crossing his stated", "2Muhk71mnK4-00014-00005678-00006140": "“red line” with Syria, amid reports of a suspected chemical attack that left at least", "2Muhk71mnK4-00015-00006140-00006545": "40 dead near the capital, while also warning Russia and Iran there will be a “big price", "2Muhk71mnK4-00016-00006545-00006806": "to pay” for backing the Assad regime.", "2Muhk71mnK4-00017-00006806-00007159": "Trump made the comments on Twitter in the wake of the alleged attack in the town of", "2Muhk71mnK4-00018-00007159-00007494": "Douma amid a resumed offensive by Syrian government forces.", "2Muhk71mnK4-00019-00007494-00008058": "“Many dead, including women and children, in mindless CHEMICAL attack in Syria.", "2Muhk71mnK4-00020-00008058-00008532": "Area of atrocity is in lockdown and encircled by Syrian Army, making it completely inaccessible", "2Muhk71mnK4-00021-00008532-00008767": "to outside world,” Trump said.", "2Muhk71mnK4-00022-00008767-00009250": "“President Putin, Russia and Iran are responsible for backing Animal Assad.", "2Muhk71mnK4-00023-00009250-00009384": "Big price to pay.", "2Muhk71mnK4-00024-00009384-00009743": "Open area immediately for medical help and verification.", "2Muhk71mnK4-00025-00009743-00010052": "Another humanitarian disaster for no reason whatsoever.", "2Muhk71mnK4-00026-00010052-00010165": "SICK!”", "2Muhk71mnK4-00027-00010165-00010657": "He also slammed Obama, who vowed in 2012 that such actions would cross a “red line,”", "2Muhk71mnK4-00028-00010657-00011046": "but later failed to enforce the promise a year later when hundreds of Syrians were killed", "2Muhk71mnK4-00029-00011046-00011186": "by sarin gas.", "2Muhk71mnK4-00030-00011186-00011686": "Instead, Obama brokered a multi-nation deal in which Syrian President Bashar Assad pledged", "2Muhk71mnK4-00031-00011686-00011926": "to remove his chemical-weapons stockpile.", "2Muhk71mnK4-00032-00011926-00012397": "“If President Obama had crossed his stated Red Line In The Sand, the Syrian disaster", "2Muhk71mnK4-00033-00012397-00012599": "would have ended long ago!", "2Muhk71mnK4-00034-00012599-00012776": "Animal Assad would have been history!”", "2Muhk71mnK4-00035-00012776-00012942": "the president said.", "2Muhk71mnK4-00036-00012942-00013353": "The White House also confirmed Sunday that Trump was briefed by his Chief of Staff John", "2Muhk71mnK4-00037-00013353-00013860": "Kelly on the Syria attack Saturday night, and has been receiving updates when available.", "2Muhk71mnK4-00038-00013860-00014265": "While reports of the chemical attack could not be verified, first responders said they", "2Muhk71mnK4-00039-00014265-00014743": "found families suffocated in their homes and shelters, with foam on their mouths.", "2Muhk71mnK4-00040-00014743-00015188": "The opposition-linked Syrian Civil Defense were able to document 42 fatalities but were", "2Muhk71mnK4-00041-00015188-00015672": "impeded from searching further by strong odors that gave their rescuers difficulties breathing,", "2Muhk71mnK4-00042-00015672-00016137": "said Siraj Mahmoud, a spokesman for the group, which is known as the White Helmets.", "2Muhk71mnK4-00043-00016137-00016615": "The Syrian government, in a statement posted on the state-run news agency SANA, strongly", "2Muhk71mnK4-00044-00016615-00016796": "denied the allegations.", "2Muhk71mnK4-00045-00016796-00017180": "It said the claims were “fabrications” by the Army of Islam, calling it a “failed", "2Muhk71mnK4-00046-00017180-00017382": "attempt” to impede government advances.", "2Muhk71mnK4-00047-00017382-00017884": "“The army, which is advancing rapidly and with determination, does not need to use any", "2Muhk71mnK4-00048-00017884-00018160": "kind of chemical agents,” the statement said.", "2Muhk71mnK4-00049-00018160-00018626": "U.S. State Department spokeswoman Heather Nauert said that Washington was closely following", "2Muhk71mnK4-00050-00018626-00018978": "“disturbing reports” of the alleged chemical weapons attack in Douma.", "2Muhk71mnK4-00051-00018978-00019540": "“These reports, if confirmed, are horrifying and demand an immediate response by the international", "2Muhk71mnK4-00052-00019540-00019872": "community,” she said in a statement late Saturday.", "2Muhk71mnK4-00053-00019872-00020295": "The alleged gas attack in Douma comes almost exactly a year after a chemical attack in", "2Muhk71mnK4-00054-00020295-00020684": "the northern Syrian town of Khan Sheikhoun killed dozens of people.", "2Muhk71mnK4-00055-00020684-00021112": "That attack prompted the U.S. to launch several dozen Tomahawk cruise missiles at a Syrian", "2Muhk71mnK4-00056-00021112-00021262": "air base.", "2Muhk71mnK4-00057-00021262-00021726": "President Trump said the attack was meant to deter further Syrian use of illegal weapons.", "2Muhk71mnK4-00058-00021726-00022151": "Questions about the administration’s possible response reverberated throughout Washington", "2Muhk71mnK4-00059-00022151-00022342": "in the hours after the attack.", "2Muhk71mnK4-00060-00022342-00022760": "Republican Sen. Lindsey Graham of South Carolina called the decision “a defining moment in", "2Muhk71mnK4-00061-00022760-00022860": "his presidency.”", "2Muhk71mnK4-00062-00022860-00023269": "“If he doesn’t follow through and live up to that tweet, he’s going to look weak", "2Muhk71mnK4-00063-00023269-00023706": "in the eyes of Russia and Iran,” Graham said Sunday on ABC’s “This Week.”", "2Muhk71mnK4-00064-00023706-00023941": "‘‘You need to follow through with that tweet.", "2Muhk71mnK4-00065-00023941-00024269": "Show a resolve that Obama never did to get this right.”", "2Muhk71mnK4-00066-00024269-00024662": "White House Homeland Security Advisor Tom Bossert told ABC’s “This Week” that", "2Muhk71mnK4-00067-00024662-00025046": "another possible strike on Syria is “not off the table” after the latest apparent", "2Muhk71mnK4-00068-00025046-00025215": "chemical attack.", "2Muhk71mnK4-00069-00025215-00025663": "Bossert said that Trump’s national security team has been reviewing photos of the incident,", "2Muhk71mnK4-00070-00025663-00025870": "and that it’s a “serious problem.”", "2Muhk71mnK4-00071-00025870-00026229": "Vice President Mike Pence said on Twitter he’s “closely monitoring” the likely", "2Muhk71mnK4-00072-00026229-00026341": "chemical attack.", "2Muhk71mnK4-00073-00026341-00026914": "“We condemn in the strongest possible terms the assault on innocent lives, including children.", "2Muhk71mnK4-00074-00026914-00027342": "The Assad regime & its backers MUST END their barbaric behavior,” Pence said.", "2Muhk71mnK4-00075-00027342-00027750": "“As POTUS said, big price to pay for those responsible!", "2Muhk71mnK4-00076-00027750-00028197": "The Syrian government and its ally, Russia, denied any involvement in the alleged gas", "2Muhk71mnK4-00077-00028197-00028297": "attack.", "2Muhk71mnK4-00078-00028297-00028797": "Maj. Gen. Yuri Yevtushenko was quoted by Russian news agencies on Sunday as saying Russia was", "2Muhk71mnK4-00079-00028797-00029304": "prepared to send specialists to Douma to “confirm the fabricated nature” of the reports.", "2Muhk71mnK4-00080-00029304-00029763": "A chemical attack in eastern Ghouta in 2013 that was widely blamed on government forces", "2Muhk71mnK4-00081-00029763-00030244": "killed hundreds of people, prompting the U.S. to threaten military action before later backing", "2Muhk71mnK4-00082-00030244-00030387": "down.", "2Muhk71mnK4-00083-00030387-00030850": "Syria denies ever using chemical weapons during the seven-year civil war, and says it eliminated", "2Muhk71mnK4-00084-00030850-00031873": "its chemical arsenal under a 2013 agreement brokered by the U.S. and Russia after the", "2Muhk71mnK4-00085-00031873-00032447": "attack in eastern Ghouta."}}, {"audio_id": "2MzgSuf-eFy", "text": {"2MzgSuf-eFy-00000-00000016-00000680": "You've secured your SF State account by enabling two-factor authentication, but one day your phone", "2MzgSuf-eFy-00001-00000680-00001216": "is out of battery and your hardware token fell to the bottom of your electronics junk drawer", "2MzgSuf-eFy-00002-00001216-00001736": "and it's 2 am and you need to log into iLearn and the service desk doesn't open until 8 am.", "2MzgSuf-eFy-00003-00001832-00002651": "What do you do? Don't panic. On the login page there's a link labeled \"try another way\". You'll", "2MzgSuf-eFy-00004-00002656-00003144": "be asked for your SF State ID and password and then prompted to enter your security questions.", "2MzgSuf-eFy-00005-00003247-00003696": "Answer the questions and you'll be given a one-time bypass code so you can get logged in", "2MzgSuf-eFy-00006-00003696-00004256": "and on your way. Don't remember what your security questions are? Check or change your security", "2MzgSuf-eFy-00007-00004256-00005376": "questions by logging into https://gateway.sfsu.edu and clicking on profile at the top of the page.", "2MzgSuf-eFy-00008-00005456-00006128": "Scroll down to security settings and click on view/change your security questions.", "2MzgSuf-eFy-00009-00006128-00006704": "For more information about two-factor authentication please visit the 2fa website at https://its.sfsu.edu/2FA"}}, {"audio_id": "2MBJ6yrW7cA", "text": {"2MBJ6yrW7cA-00000-00000022-00000336": "The Bible is full of fantastic stories.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00001-00000336-00000872": "Surprising facts and great miracles can be found in both the Old and New Testaments.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00002-00000872-00001220": "It also tells the story of ordinary people who, thanks to the love and power of God,", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00003-00001220-00001364": "have had their lives transformed and have become a living example of what God can do", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00004-00001364-00001464": "in our lives.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00005-00001464-00001873": "But did you know that the Bible also talks about very different creatures, like dragons,", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00006-00001873-00002155": "animals with multiple heads and sea monsters?", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00007-00002155-00002576": "Some of these creatures are just metaphors used by God to explain spiritual things that", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00008-00002576-00002991": "will happen at the end of time; others, it seems, actually inhabited the land.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00009-00002991-00003390": "Whether real or not, I'm sure these animals will stir your imagination.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00010-00003390-00003560": "and the first animal is the dragon 1) Dragon", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00011-00003560-00003914": "The passage that deals with this animal is in Revelation chapter 12: 7-9: “There was", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00012-00003914-00004190": "then a war in heaven.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00013-00004190-00004473": "Michael and his angels fought the dragon, and the dragon and his angels struck back.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00014-00004473-00004736": "But these were not strong enough, and so they lost their place in heaven.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00015-00004736-00004955": "The great dragon was thrown away.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00016-00004955-00005440": "He is the ancient serpent called the devil or Satan, who deceives the whole world.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00017-00005440-00005668": "He and his angels were cast down to earth.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00018-00005668-00005768": "”", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00019-00005768-00005891": "Of course, there are no dragons flying through the air.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00020-00005891-00005991": "Not today, not in the past.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00021-00005991-00006867": "The Book of Revelation is a set of revelations that God gave to the apostle John about the", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00022-00006867-00006978": "end times.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00023-00006978-00007706": "And one of the figures in these revelations is the dragon, which represents Satan.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00024-00007706-00008702": "The Bible reports that this dragon is the ancient serpent that deceives everyone.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00025-00008702-00009650": "In addition, he has seven heads and ten horns (Revelation 12: 3) and chases Christ's followers", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00026-00009650-00010097": "to try to destroy them (Revelation 12:17).", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00027-00010097-00010638": "After Jesus' return, this dragon will be trapped and thrown into the lake of fire, where it", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00028-00010638-00010770": "will remain for eternity.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00029-00010770-00011047": "2) Beast Another creature mentioned by the apostle", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00030-00011047-00011386": "John in the Book of Revelation is the beast.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00031-00011386-00012145": "The account of it is in chapter 13: “I saw a beast coming out of the sea.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00032-00012145-00012792": "It had ten horns and seven heads, with ten crowns, one over each horn, and on each head", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00033-00012792-00012891": "a name for blasphemy.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00034-00012891-00014124": "The beast I saw was similar to a leopard, but it had bearlike feet and a lionlike mouth.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00035-00014124-00014810": "The dragon gave the beast its power, its throne and great authority.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00036-00014810-00014941": "” (Revelation 13: 1,2)", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00037-00014941-00015286": "The beast is associated with the antichrist.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00038-00015286-00016051": "It will rise over the sea, receive its power from Satan and go out to conquer the world.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00039-00016051-00016568": "Like the dragon, the beast will have seven heads and ten horns.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00040-00016568-00016920": "The Book of Revelation still shows that your body will be a mixture of a leopard with a", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00041-00016920-00017141": "lion and a bear - these animals represent agility, power and strength.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00042-00017141-00017579": "In verses 11 through 14 of the same chapter, we see a second beast.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00043-00017579-00018200": "This will have two horns similar to those of a lamb and will speak like a dragon.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00044-00018200-00019115": "This evil creature will come out of the earth and act as a false prophet, making great signs,", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00045-00019115-00019620": "deceiving people and forcing them to worship the first beast.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00046-00019620-00020383": "3) Grasshopper from the abyss In addition to the dragon and the two beasts,", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00047-00020383-00021062": "another creature mentioned in the Bible to report facts of the end times is the locust", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00048-00021062-00021162": "in the abyss.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00049-00021162-00022189": "According to the apostle John, these animals will appear shortly after one of", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00050-00022189-00022576": "the trumpets of the Apocalypse is sounded.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00051-00022576-00022824": "In Revelation 9: 1-3 it says:", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00052-00022824-00023698": "“The fifth angel blew his trumpet, and I saw a star that had fallen from heaven on", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00053-00023698-00023798": "earth.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00054-00023798-00024559": "The star was given the key to the Abyss well.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00055-00024559-00025137": "When she opened the Abyss, smoke rose from it like that of a gigantic furnace.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00056-00025137-00025742": "The sun and the sky darkened with the smoke coming from the abyss.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00057-00025742-00026244": "Grasshoppers came out of the smoke that came on the earth, and they were given power like", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00058-00026244-00026738": "that of the scorpions of the earth ”.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00059-00026738-00027227": "The characteristics of this creature are frightening (Then read at your home: Revelation 9: 7-10).", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00060-00027227-00027964": "According to prophecy, this animal will look like a war horse, its face will be like that", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00061-00027964-00029568": "of a human being, its hair will be like that of women and its teeth like that of a lion.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00062-00029568-00030064": "In addition, there will be gold crowns on your head.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00063-00030064-00031411": "Its tail will be like a scorpion's and its sting will be so painful that people will", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00064-00031411-00032694": "want to die, but death will flee from them.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00065-00032694-00033474": "These locusts represent sin and will torment those who do not have the seal of God.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00066-00033474-00034158": "4) Leviathan Leviathan was one of the animals that, according", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00067-00034158-00035413": "to the Book of Job, may have actually existed one day.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00068-00035413-00035771": "Throughout chapter 41 we see its characteristics.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00069-00035771-00036027": "See some reports about him:", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00070-00036027-00036730": "\"Can you fish the leviathan with a hook or tie your tongue with a rope?", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00071-00036730-00037475": "(...) Smoke comes out of your nostrils like a boiling pot over a reed fire.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00072-00037475-00038259": "He makes the depths stir like a boiling cauldron, and revolves the sea like a pot of ointment.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00073-00038259-00039082": "He leaves a sparkling trail behind him, as if it were the white hair of the abyss.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00074-00039082-00039325": "Nothing on earth can match him; (Job 41: 1,20,21)", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00075-00039325-00040002": "The leviathan was a very large sea monster that blew fire from its mouth and smoke from", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00076-00040002-00040102": "its nostrils.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00077-00040102-00040668": "He was so big and strong that the waters of the sea stirred as he passed.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00078-00040668-00041213": "Psalm 104 confirms that this water monster really existed.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00079-00041213-00041313": "See what is written:", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00080-00041313-00041623": "“Here is the sea, immense and vast.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00081-00041623-00042296": "Numerous creatures live in it, living beings, small and large.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00082-00042296-00043203": "The ships pass through it, and also Leviathan, which you have formed to play with it ”(Psalm", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00083-00043203-00043303": "104: 25,26)", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00084-00043303-00044172": "Some versions of the Bible treat the leviathan as if it were a kind of crocodile, but if", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00085-00044172-00044802": "we read the entire chapter 41 of the Book of Job, we will see that its characteristics", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00086-00044802-00045208": "are quite different from those of a crocodile or alligator.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00087-00045208-00045781": "5) Behemoth Behemoth is also mentioned in the Book of", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00088-00045781-00045888": "Job.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00089-00045888-00047228": "In chapter 40, God Himself speaks to Job about this creature: \"Look at the Behemoth I created", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00090-00047228-00047811": "when I created you and who eats grass like the ox.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00091-00047811-00048044": "What strength he has in his loins!", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00092-00048044-00048325": "What power in the muscles of your belly!", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00093-00048325-00048890": "His tail dangles like cedar, the nerves in his thighs are tightly intertwined.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00094-00048890-00049046": "” (Job 40: 15-17)", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00095-00049046-00049566": "The behemoth was a very large herbivorous animal that lived near rivers - so large and", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00096-00049566-00049849": "strong that not even a strong current was capable of bothering him.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00097-00049849-00050632": "However, he was a herbivore who did not usually attack other animals - as long as he was not", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00098-00050632-00050732": "attacked first.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00099-00050732-00051304": "Some versions translate “behemoth” as a hippopotamus or elephant, but this creature", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00100-00051304-00051638": "had no characteristics of any of these animals.", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00101-00051638-00052824": "The Bible indicates that the behemoth had a large and powerful tail, which was compared", "2MBJ6yrW7cA-00102-00052824-00053949": "to the cedar - a tall, strong and resistant tree, very different from hippos and elephants."}}, {"audio_id": "2MKogZLeoNg", "text": {"2MKogZLeoNg-00000-00027576-00028056": "guiding practitioners on how to select establish and maintain both systems", "2MKogZLeoNg-00001-00029320-00029760": "thank you very much for having me here it's good to see you again it has been such a long time", "2MKogZLeoNg-00002-00029760-00030295": "since we met in person but i hope at one point when the pandemic is over we will meet again", "2MKogZLeoNg-00003-00030439-00030912": "that's excellent and i just understand okay just", "2MKogZLeoNg-00004-00032896-00033824": "very good so he just said his japanese level is about maybe four years old so but he is a very", "2MKogZLeoNg-00005-00033824-00034472": "humble professor hey professor christoph let me ask you this question because a lot of people have", "2MKogZLeoNg-00006-00034472-00035408": "the same question in mind you know this industry 4.0 lean some people say one replaces the other", "2MKogZLeoNg-00007-00035408-00036112": "some others say it's the same thing 4.0 is lean what is the difference and what are the conflicts", "2MKogZLeoNg-00008-00036168-00036816": "between these two things are they different concepts please tell us well to answer that", "2MKogZLeoNg-00009-00036816-00037520": "question i first have to say that i'm a lean guy so i see a lot of things through my lean glasses", "2MKogZLeoNg-00010-00037584-00038408": "and i do know a bit about industry 4.02 um but i see also i see some good things and also some", "2MKogZLeoNg-00011-00038408-00039088": "not so good thing with industry 4.0 but as a lean guy for me everything starts with lean", "2MKogZLeoNg-00012-00039088-00039872": "and the difficulties i see between industry 4.0 and lean on the other hand", "2MKogZLeoNg-00013-00039936-00040912": "is that um with lean we start with a problem and try to solve the problem and one possible solution", "2MKogZLeoNg-00014-00040968-00042136": "is industry 4.0 but it's not necessarily the only solution um so with industry 4.0 there's also the", "2MKogZLeoNg-00015-00042136-00043048": "risk of building what we call in english monuments you make a very expensive and big industry 4.0", "2MKogZLeoNg-00016-00043048-00043808": "implementation and then nobody dares to touch it anymore kind of we make a big softer system but", "2MKogZLeoNg-00017-00043808-00044376": "nobody dares to touch it so people on the shop floor they don't know programming they don't", "2MKogZLeoNg-00018-00044376-00045096": "really have access and permission and the programmers are very expensive so you usually", "2MKogZLeoNg-00019-00045096-00045648": "there's a shortage of time for programmers to change something and even if there is time", "2MKogZLeoNg-00020-00045648-00046264": "if you've changed your big computer systems there's a risk of bug dropping everything so", "2MKogZLeoNg-00021-00046320-00046968": "the problem with soft industry 4.0 monuments is that it's really hard to change and that", "2MKogZLeoNg-00022-00046968-00047744": "makes improvement that makes kaizen very very difficult to do and that's for me one of the", "2MKogZLeoNg-00023-00047744-00048416": "problems i see with industry 4.0 that once you have it it's nearly impossible to change it", "2MKogZLeoNg-00024-00048600-00049200": "you know a lot of people are curious about this digital world that the", "2MKogZLeoNg-00025-00049264-00049832": "industry 4.0 is bringing and some of them are this question is about the main", "2MKogZLeoNg-00026-00049832-00050624": "mistakes or misconceptions about lean and in the industry 4.0 because i've heard this and please", "2MKogZLeoNg-00027-00050784-00051600": "throw shut some light on this people saying that if you become industry 4.0 you are automatically", "2MKogZLeoNg-00028-00051600-00052279": "becoming more digital and more productive therefore more lean is that a real statement", "2MKogZLeoNg-00029-00052455-00053152": "not quite well one point is correct if you do industry 4.0 by definition you have more computers", "2MKogZLeoNg-00030-00053152-00054232": "and software but it's there are lots of common mistakes and actually i think some mistakes with", "2MKogZLeoNg-00031-00054232-00055167": "industry 4.0 are often the same mistakes people do with lean and that for me is most of all a lack", "2MKogZLeoNg-00032-00055167-00056208": "of pdca plan do check act most companies or most projects people are very good at doing something", "2MKogZLeoNg-00033-00056208-00056752": "at making some change making some implementation if it's lean or industry 4.0 doesn't matter", "2MKogZLeoNg-00034-00056752-00057464": "what's so good at doing things but they often omits checking if it actually works the check", "2MKogZLeoNg-00035-00057464-00058512": "and act part of lee of pdca is very very important and i feel it is often omitted in industry 4.0", "2MKogZLeoNg-00036-00058591-00059416": "let me give you an example of a company which i will not name here but say used rfib chips radio", "2MKogZLeoNg-00037-00059416-00060088": "frequency identity chips for their material supply and at the entrance of their warehouse with the", "2MKogZLeoNg-00038-00060088-00060816": "forklift drive in and out they built a gate which had antennas so whenever a forklift drives through", "2MKogZLeoNg-00039-00060816-00061632": "the door the antenna registered what material was going in or what material was going out so the", "2MKogZLeoNg-00040-00061632-00062440": "idea was to constantly update the database to have a better data quality of the material you have and", "2MKogZLeoNg-00041-00062440-00062976": "the implement implemented set the native antenna and everybody was happy they made a presentation", "2MKogZLeoNg-00042-00062976-00063560": "everybody was clapping their own shoulders yes we are so great we have done that we are industry 4.0", "2MKogZLeoNg-00043-00063624-00064400": "um but i asked one of the forklift drivers does it actually work can you tell me and he said", "2MKogZLeoNg-00044-00064400-00065232": "well the antenna works but the computer system needs 15 seconds to process the data so i have", "2MKogZLeoNg-00045-00065232-00065992": "to drive in and wait for 15 seconds in the door before i get the green light to continue and i", "2MKogZLeoNg-00046-00065992-00066488": "just don't have the time so i just drive through and later type it in by hand as i had this before", "2MKogZLeoNg-00047-00066552-00067144": "but none of the management really knew they were so proud of the industry 4.0 but they did not do", "2MKogZLeoNg-00048-00067200-00067936": "the c and a of the plan do check act and that makes a whole project well very expensive project", "2MKogZLeoNg-00049-00067936-00068632": "but no benefit at all and that happens a lot impressive and thank you for sharing this you", "2MKogZLeoNg-00050-00068632-00069240": "know there are some questions already coming from the listeners and there's one that came before", "2MKogZLeoNg-00051-00069240-00070184": "we started which is what can be done to enable the value chain transformation with agility yes", "2MKogZLeoNg-00052-00070304-00071408": "good question um in lean we'd like to do small steps we like to do small manageable problems and", "2MKogZLeoNg-00053-00071408-00072176": "the same would apply to industry 4.0 um many people if they talk about industry 4.0 they see", "2MKogZLeoNg-00054-00072176-00072896": "like a a big system which connects everything to everything else kind of a kraken of data", "2MKogZLeoNg-00055-00073032-00073720": "so it's think about big systems but those big systems have a high risk of failure", "2MKogZLeoNg-00056-00073720-00074640": "there's a high chance of things going wrong and with those big systems that if they go wrong they", "2MKogZLeoNg-00057-00074640-00075224": "have the potential to stop everything a lot of companies had big problems because they did some", "2MKogZLeoNg-00058-00075224-00076128": "industry 4.0 things and then nothing worked anymore so the challenge with industry 4.0 is", "2MKogZLeoNg-00059-00076128-00076712": "to find a good project a good problem and actually i would start even earlier than that", "2MKogZLeoNg-00060-00076832-00077536": "if you set out with the goal to do industry 4.0 you limit yourself with your possible solutions", "2MKogZLeoNg-00061-00077624-00078400": "and in lean for me the start of a lean project is to find a good problem what is your problem", "2MKogZLeoNg-00062-00078464-00079040": "and in lean sometimes if i ask plant manager what problem do you want to solve and the answer is", "2MKogZLeoNg-00063-00079040-00079752": "well i don't have kanban so i want to have kanban but not having kanban is not a problem", "2MKogZLeoNg-00064-00079752-00080520": "kanban are a possible pollution but your problem is something related to cost time or equality so", "2MKogZLeoNg-00065-00080520-00081160": "you need to start with a good problem and send search for solutions and one of those solutions", "2MKogZLeoNg-00066-00081160-00081856": "may be computers maybe industry 4.0 but it doesn't have to be so do not limit yourself", "2MKogZLeoNg-00067-00081856-00082456": "to industry 4.0 solutions so maybe the right solution for some problems but they're not", "2MKogZLeoNg-00068-00082456-00083288": "automatically the right solutions all the time yes so this brings up a question because", "2MKogZLeoNg-00069-00083288-00083920": "a lot of companies are thinking about i want to bring in lean i i have a budget i need to", "2MKogZLeoNg-00070-00083992-00084720": "and then there is the industry 4.0 using the kanban as an example should they do lean first", "2MKogZLeoNg-00071-00084720-00085448": "or let's just do 4.0 first because it solves the other problem how do you see that conflict between", "2MKogZLeoNg-00072-00085544-00086240": "which one should i do first here again i have to point out i'm having my lean glasses so i'm seeing", "2MKogZLeoNg-00073-00086240-00086960": "it from the point of view of lean but i do believe lean and industry 4.0 can coexist they can both", "2MKogZLeoNg-00074-00086960-00087752": "work together but and again lean guy here um you have to start with a good problem you have to", "2MKogZLeoNg-00075-00087872-00088632": "think what problem do you want to solve and some problems are more suited for industry 4.0", "2MKogZLeoNg-00076-00088632-00089240": "but not all but if you have an industry 4.0 solutions that fits your problem and it's actually", "2MKogZLeoNg-00077-00089240-00089968": "the best solution sensor may be a good place to implement industry 4.0 and again do small steps", "2MKogZLeoNg-00078-00090088-00090808": "i've seen projects which worked very which worked very well with improving quality", "2MKogZLeoNg-00079-00090808-00091560": "i know of one foundry in australia which before had a defect rate of like 16", "2MKogZLeoNg-00080-00091664-00092224": "and in a first try they used human knowledge and people tried to optimize the system", "2MKogZLeoNg-00081-00092312-00093016": "and got the defects rates down from 16 to around six percent so already a good improvement", "2MKogZLeoNg-00082-00093016-00093872": "but after that they used artificial intelligence and had so self-learning neural networks analyze", "2MKogZLeoNg-00083-00093872-00094512": "the data for connections between settings and environments and quality and they managed to get", "2MKogZLeoNg-00084-00094512-00095224": "the defect rate below one percent with industry 4.0 with artificial artificial intelligence", "2MKogZLeoNg-00085-00095296-00095912": "so that's a very limited problem limited size problem and if it goes wrong it's", "2MKogZLeoNg-00086-00095912-00096512": "unlikely unlikely to break the company but um it's a small solvable problem", "2MKogZLeoNg-00087-00096696-00097136": "that's another thing that's interesting and you just mentioned the human knowledge", "2MKogZLeoNg-00088-00097136-00097880": "and computer uh working together because the lean philosophy has a very people-oriented view how", "2MKogZLeoNg-00089-00097880-00098560": "do you not lose focus on people and have the best technologies in the industry 4.0", "2MKogZLeoNg-00090-00098560-00099080": "is there a conflict over there people and machine what do you think", "2MKogZLeoNg-00091-00099248-00099928": "i think people are still very very important in manufacturing sometimes after feeding managers", "2MKogZLeoNg-00092-00099928-00100496": "tend towards more and more automation because they want to get rid of people because people sometimes", "2MKogZLeoNg-00093-00100496-00101232": "disagree even with managers and not every every not every manager likes that but um computers", "2MKogZLeoNg-00094-00101232-00101784": "don't disagree they just don't do anything if they go wrong so you will continue to need people", "2MKogZLeoNg-00095-00101784-00102632": "for the foreseeable future if you put in a lot of industry 4.0 you just replace lower skilled people", "2MKogZLeoNg-00096-00102632-00103296": "with higher skilled and therefore more expensive computer people and tech technicians so you will", "2MKogZLeoNg-00097-00103296-00103992": "continue to need people and that's actually one of the additional problems i see with industry 4.0", "2MKogZLeoNg-00098-00104096-00104616": "coming back to an earlier questions with the monolith with the monuments it's really really", "2MKogZLeoNg-00099-00104616-00105559": "hard to change and you need people for kaizen a computer will not improve itself but people will", "2MKogZLeoNg-00100-00105559-00106135": "be able to improve you need people to actually see the potential you need to people to see", "2MKogZLeoNg-00101-00106192-00106783": "what could be done and we need people sent to make it better if you get rid of all the people", "2MKogZLeoNg-00102-00106783-00107416": "you may have a system but it doesn't improve and over time you will fall back and it will become", "2MKogZLeoNg-00103-00107416-00108248": "less and less good and in 3 4.0 projects are very difficult to change because of also programming", "2MKogZLeoNg-00104-00108311-00109072": "and the common shop floor guy he doesn't really probably know much programming and he doesn't even", "2MKogZLeoNg-00105-00109072-00109688": "have access to the program of the industry 4.0 project so you need programmers and you need", "2MKogZLeoNg-00106-00109688-00110192": "to commit convey the idea of the shuffle of people to the programmers and then maybe some", "2MKogZLeoNg-00107-00110192-00110600": "lots of information you have a good shop for a person which doesn't know about programming", "2MKogZLeoNg-00108-00110600-00110952": "you're a good programmer which doesn't know about shop's law and lots of information", "2MKogZLeoNg-00109-00111008-00111632": "can be lost and actually toyota is in many places trying to reduce", "2MKogZLeoNg-00110-00111632-00112296": "to some degree automation and often use more people they have skilled craftsmen they call some", "2MKogZLeoNg-00111-00112296-00113040": "takumi where they work with their hands and say are really really good in one special field um", "2MKogZLeoNg-00112-00113040-00113511": "say learn still by doing by hand to get the feeling for the material to kind of", "2MKogZLeoNg-00113-00113568-00114080": "like when you drive a car you know by the feeling if something feels odd or wrong that's kind of a", "2MKogZLeoNg-00114-00114183-00114911": "skill honed by years of driving and the same with the takumi's years of experience shaping plastics", "2MKogZLeoNg-00115-00114911-00115640": "for example and say a job is to get this kill into the computer to make it automated yeah but toyota", "2MKogZLeoNg-00116-00115640-00116496": "is trying to reduce more and more uh robots and also they have a very nice concept of karakuri", "2MKogZLeoNg-00117-00116496-00117104": "kaisen where they try to reduce computers all together to have mechanical gadgets mechanical", "2MKogZLeoNg-00118-00117104-00117728": "tricks to solve problems which in the western world would be often solved by computers but", "2MKogZLeoNg-00119-00117728-00118344": "the advantage is the mechanical things people on the shop floor understand mechanics say see okay", "2MKogZLeoNg-00120-00118344-00118911": "this gear is jammed if i change this it will work differently people on the shop floor can fix those", "2MKogZLeoNg-00121-00118911-00119592": "kind of mechanical things so industry 4.0 can help a lot but it's not the solution for every problem", "2MKogZLeoNg-00122-00119688-00120344": "very good excellent answer and there is a couple of questions here that i find interesting here", "2MKogZLeoNg-00123-00120400-00121096": "one is about cost and the person here is asking you to speak a little bit slower because maybe", "2MKogZLeoNg-00124-00121096-00121983": "it's very very fast however the question is about the cost of implementing industry 4.0", "2MKogZLeoNg-00125-00122064-00122520": "is that better in a company that's already lean or it doesn't matter", "2MKogZLeoNg-00126-00122800-00123888": "i think lean helps the cost of implementing 4.0 um depending on what you do it can be", "2MKogZLeoNg-00127-00123888-00124583": "very very high and again coming back to the pdca uh sometimes people think just setting up the", "2MKogZLeoNg-00128-00124583-00125359": "sensors collecting all the data center industry 4.0 but sets only half of the tasks the second", "2MKogZLeoNg-00129-00125359-00126256": "tile is debugging debugging solving problems and making it actually work well like the rfid", "2MKogZLeoNg-00130-00126256-00126776": "gate i mentioned earlier where to set up the gate and say antennas and everything", "2MKogZLeoNg-00131-00126776-00127672": "but say failed to debug and make it actually work and because of that it did not work at all so um", "2MKogZLeoNg-00132-00127672-00128472": "with industry 4.0 it can help but it can be very expensive and the benefit has to be worth the cost", "2MKogZLeoNg-00133-00128528-00129440": "so i know companies which pretty much bets a bank on industry 4.0 and because of that the company is", "2MKogZLeoNg-00134-00129440-00130208": "now bankrupt one company they were working this wood and they're looking at the grain of the", "2MKogZLeoNg-00135-00130208-00131024": "wood a camera to recognize which way the grain is oriented and that was a nice industry 4.0 project", "2MKogZLeoNg-00136-00131024-00131904": "but it didn't work and now the bank owns the company because it's bankrupt um and i know that", "2MKogZLeoNg-00137-00131904-00132568": "this question you've already talked about that about us twice or three times but there i think a", "2MKogZLeoNg-00138-00132568-00133464": "lot of people have questions about this 4.0 only victor hugo marquez klein is asking christoph", "2MKogZLeoNg-00139-00133464-00134208": "in one organization that doesn't have either lean or 4.0 do you think there should be an order", "2MKogZLeoNg-00140-00134272-00134968": "of implementation which one should always come first or that doesn't matter that much", "2MKogZLeoNg-00141-00135096-00136088": "um for me lean is the underlying principle of improvement of kaizen so lean is the philosophy", "2MKogZLeoNg-00142-00136088-00136832": "of working towards the same goal for a long time when toyota implemented single minute exchange", "2MKogZLeoNg-00143-00136832-00137784": "of dye smed say took about 13 years to always improve smart improve and improve it again so", "2MKogZLeoNg-00144-00137864-00138704": "for me it starts with the ability to focus on problem solving the ability to do kaizen the", "2MKogZLeoNg-00145-00138704-00139544": "ability to improve that's where it starts and then industry 4.0 is just one of the possible tools to", "2MKogZLeoNg-00146-00139544-00140280": "solve your problems but first you need to get into into your problem solving mindset says are saying", "2MKogZLeoNg-00147-00140384-00140784": "um if you run but you don't know where you're going then you will end up", "2MKogZLeoNg-00148-00140840-00141536": "somewhere but definitely not where you want it to be so um so it starts with a", "2MKogZLeoNg-00149-00141536-00142200": "focused improvement what problem do you want to solve which for me is one of the cores of lean", "2MKogZLeoNg-00150-00142376-00142888": "excellent and you know we are almost running out of time but i want to squeeze in one more", "2MKogZLeoNg-00151-00142888-00143752": "question and that one is from lucas souza freitas is asking christoph how can the lean professionals", "2MKogZLeoNg-00152-00143824-00144488": "vision enhance the results and performance of a 4.0 industry", "2MKogZLeoNg-00153-00144488-00145184": "does that help being lean to implement being a lean guy to implement industry 4.0", "2MKogZLeoNg-00154-00145400-00146040": "i think yes but again lean glasses i am a lean guy so of course i talk good about myself that's", "2MKogZLeoNg-00155-00146040-00147120": "normal um but i think it helps and with lean you think about structured problem solving about", "2MKogZLeoNg-00156-00147120-00148128": "kaizen and industry 4.0 is one of the tools of course it needs some additional skills just being", "2MKogZLeoNg-00157-00148128-00148744": "good with paper kanbans doesn't mean you know how those big databases and artificial intelligence", "2MKogZLeoNg-00158-00148744-00149592": "works so just being lean alone will make it very difficult to implement artificial intelligence", "2MKogZLeoNg-00159-00149592-00150352": "or to set up an enterprise management system or that kind of things so lean alone would need", "2MKogZLeoNg-00160-00150352-00151440": "additional skills to do industry 4.0 and i think if you do a project on industry 4.0 you would need", "2MKogZLeoNg-00161-00151440-00152160": "besides some lean person for the general direction you also would need some programmers and ai guys", "2MKogZLeoNg-00162-00152160-00152784": "and you probably would need to get the important knowledge the important skill set in the room", "2MKogZLeoNg-00163-00152848-00153624": "and um industry 4.0 need more skills and what often is common in the normal lean", "2MKogZLeoNg-00164-00153624-00154320": "world very good hey christoph i really want to thank you so much for spending this time with", "2MKogZLeoNg-00165-00154320-00154960": "us hopefully you will accept an invitation to come back soon but i wanted to just before you", "2MKogZLeoNg-00166-00154960-00155672": "go can you tell us about your book i know you just launched a new book can you tell us more about it", "2MKogZLeoNg-00167-00155760-00156480": "yes i just launched a new book it's a pretty hefty one it's uh over 400 pages and it's all about", "2MKogZLeoNg-00168-00156480-00157288": "pool production and i try to explain how to do pool production for the practitioner it's", "2MKogZLeoNg-00169-00157288-00157984": "um you all know kanban but there are many more ways to do pull one convert reorder", "2MKogZLeoNg-00170-00157984-00158576": "points and other things and i try to give an overview which one you should use when and", "2MKogZLeoNg-00171-00158688-00159368": "try to help practitioners with establishing pull systems i have a whole chapter about how to select", "2MKogZLeoNg-00172-00159424-00160104": "as a pull system i have a whole chapter about how to implement it how to maintain it and really", "2MKogZLeoNg-00173-00160104-00160952": "trying to have assistance for the practitioner and go into detail how to do pull it's not a books to", "2MKogZLeoNg-00174-00160952-00161704": "be read cover by cover of course you can but it's also of course always busy practitioners to jump", "2MKogZLeoNg-00175-00161704-00162400": "to the chapters they need to solve their problems so i hope it will help the people spanish and the", "2MKogZLeoNg-00176-00162400-00163136": "german translation are in the works um yes but i'm very proud of it thank you very good thank", "2MKogZLeoNg-00177-00163136-00163824": "you for accepting the invitation and we hopefully we will see you soon again russia definitely", "2MKogZLeoNg-00178-00170872-00170984": "impressions", "2MKogZLeoNg-00179-00172104-00172384": "ciao"}}, {"audio_id": "2MV0NkXEsaI", "text": {"2MV0NkXEsaI-00000-00000813-00001082": "Wounded Warrior: For me a perfect race is a solid start.", "2MV0NkXEsaI-00001-00001082-00001411": "Sound Pop Really that makes the race for me.", "2MV0NkXEsaI-00002-00001411-00001825": "If I come off the blocks and my goggles stay on my face and I feel streamline, I feel like", "2MV0NkXEsaI-00003-00001825-00002232": "my body was tight, I feel like I’m moving through the water right before I break out", "2MV0NkXEsaI-00004-00002232-00002724": "of the surface for my first strokes that real does it for me.", "2MV0NkXEsaI-00005-00002724-00003167": "Sarah Evans is practicing her technique in the home of the 2012 Olympic Games, Queen", "2MV0NkXEsaI-00006-00003167-00003740": "Elizabeth Olympic Park in London, preparing for the first Invictus Games.", "2MV0NkXEsaI-00007-00003740-00004581": "Last year, Prince Harry came to Colorado Springs to observe and participate at the Warrior", "2MV0NkXEsaI-00008-00004581-00004722": "Games.", "2MV0NkXEsaI-00009-00004722-00005347": "And he got to visit many venues, he competed in volleyball I don’t know if he competed", "2MV0NkXEsaI-00010-00005347-00006187": "in anything else but I think he saw the benefit that all of the athletes were receiving through", "2MV0NkXEsaI-00011-00006187-00006754": "sports in their healing process.", "2MV0NkXEsaI-00012-00006754-00007186": "Now the United States Wounded Warriors made up of athletes from all the services, are", "2MV0NkXEsaI-00013-00007186-00007434": "here to compete against 12 other countries.", "2MV0NkXEsaI-00014-00007434-00007892": "Today, coaches like Missy are giving final tips before the games begin this week.", "2MV0NkXEsaI-00015-00007892-00008388": "A lot of the events that we do are going to be sprint distance so we want to maximize", "2MV0NkXEsaI-00016-00008388-00008856": "their power and efficiency off the start and off the turn.", "2MV0NkXEsaI-00017-00008856-00009604": "Up to this point we assume that their fitness level is what it is.", "2MV0NkXEsaI-00018-00009604-00010068": "We are not going to be able to change their fitness level knowing them or training them", "2MV0NkXEsaI-00019-00010068-00010188": "for a couple of days.", "2MV0NkXEsaI-00020-00010188-00011027": "So we want to give them the tips that are going to be the most effective the quickest.", "2MV0NkXEsaI-00021-00011027-00011421": "These athletes have been training for months and as the games draw closer and closer the", "2MV0NkXEsaI-00022-00011421-00011556": "tension begins to mount.", "2MV0NkXEsaI-00023-00011556-00011886": "Sarah: I’m waiting for the nerves to hit because I know there coming and I know on", "2MV0NkXEsaI-00024-00011886-00012236": "competition day when I walk in here and the crowd is full and I know that my friends are", "2MV0NkXEsaI-00025-00012236-00012495": "in the stands and I know that we are getting ready for real.", "2MV0NkXEsaI-00026-00012495-00012916": "And all the teams are in their gear I think it is going to hit me really hard.", "2MV0NkXEsaI-00027-00012916-00013612": "I’m trying to keep it in check because I know that I'll just be at a disadvantage but", "2MV0NkXEsaI-00028-00013612-00013838": "I know its coming.", "2MV0NkXEsaI-00029-00013838-00014388": "Many Wounded Warriors like Sarah will wear their nations colors and compete in many more", "2MV0NkXEsaI-00030-00014388-00014610": "Olympic style events throughout this week.", "2MV0NkXEsaI-00031-00014610-00014972": "Reporting from London England I’m Staff Sergeant Pete Ising."}}, {"audio_id": "2N-Ml_5jdKu", "text": {"2N-Ml_5jdKu-00000-00000080-00000608": "hey, did you know that the view rate stayed at 25 views per hour on our latest promotion", "2N-Ml_5jdKu-00001-00000688-00001360": "since 10 p.m except for one little dip. this is happening because a lot of people were going", "2N-Ml_5jdKu-00002-00001360-00002136": "into the video, maybe new users, which may click on the link. usually, i'd get about 400 or so views,", "2N-Ml_5jdKu-00003-00002192-00002928": "because, well, the ratio is 40 percent so this is normal. it's okay for that, and", "2N-Ml_5jdKu-00004-00002928-00003640": "for the previous video, it's looking okay. just getting about five views per hour as usual,", "2N-Ml_5jdKu-00005-00003728-00004248": "and there's nothing wrong with it. the two days of link support is already finished for that video."}}, {"audio_id": "2NNiVH0XcKM", "text": {"2NNiVH0XcKM-00000-00000000-00000288": "Irfan Shah Rabby"}}, {"audio_id": "2p9tdfS3dwI", "text": {"2p9tdfS3dwI-00000-00000000-00000683": "Pls do like and subscribe"}}, {"audio_id": "2pPX1WBrN4y", "text": {"2pPX1WBrN4y-00000-00000296-00000792": "Looking for a fresh start? Whether you're ready to upgrade your skills or launch a new career", "2pPX1WBrN4y-00001-00000792-00001200": "Washington's community and technical colleges put the future in your hands.", "2pPX1WBrN4y-00002-00001200-00001728": "From our friendly campuses to our caring faculty with years of industry experience, let us helpyou take off.", "2pPX1WBrN4y-00003-00001728-00002232": "It's easier than you think to get started, and we have specialized support", "2pPX1WBrN4y-00004-00002232-00002808": "and financial aid so you can advance and worry less about the bills. If you're ready to follow", "2pPX1WBrN4y-00005-00002808-00003384": "your passion to a higher paycheck, check out our rewarding career pathways. Whatever your interest,", "2pPX1WBrN4y-00006-00003384-00004008": "we have a program to launch you into the workforce fast. If you're out of a job, our Worker Retraining", "2pPX1WBrN4y-00007-00004008-00004560": "program can get you back on your feet with free or low low-cost tuition plus job search help.", "2pPX1WBrN4y-00008-00004616-00005168": "And if you're receiving food assistance, the Basic Food Employment and Training (BFET) program offers", "2pPX1WBrN4y-00009-00005168-00005848": "tuition help, career counseling, child care support, job search assistance, and much more.", "2pPX1WBrN4y-00010-00005848-00006480": "Need financial aid? You have options! While the FAFSA is the go-to for federal funding, the Washington Application", "2pPX1WBrN4y-00011-00006480-00007244": "for State Financial Aid or WASFA can help those like undocumented students apply for state fundsprivately and confidentially.", "2pPX1WBrN4y-00012-00007244-00007680": "No diploma? No problem! 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Explore your future today!"}}, {"audio_id": "2pUEeSVmUro", "text": {"2pUEeSVmUro-00000-00000000-00000777": "the quality of being outstanding or extremely good you wouldn't see picasso", "2pUEeSVmUro-00001-00000777-00001309": "sign his name on something that was less than a masterpiece and God wouldn't sign his", "2pUEeSVmUro-00002-00001309-00001996": "name on anything that was less than a masterpiece your value is not hinged on", "2pUEeSVmUro-00003-00001996-00002609": "social standing your values not hinged on your bank account I'm human, I'm just Aaron", "2pUEeSVmUro-00004-00002609-00003750": "I'm just Ed. I'm nothing special.  You're not just, anything...", "2pUEeSVmUro-00005-00003750-00004760": "Good morning my name is Scott and this is Crafted For Excellence and I want to talk about who you", "2pUEeSVmUro-00006-00004760-00005569": "think you are and no I don't know about you, but,  growing up if I got in trouble you know", "2pUEeSVmUro-00007-00005569-00007192": "the parents might approach you and say,  who do you think you are doing such-and-such", "2pUEeSVmUro-00008-00007192-00008655": "later in the story", "2pUEeSVmUro-00009-00008655-00009778": "gonna be reconciliation in God who are you not that God didn't know who he was", "2pUEeSVmUro-00010-00009778-00010850": "but he wanted him to admit who he was he had told another story and tried to be", "2pUEeSVmUro-00011-00010850-00011731": "somebody else and bring it to light to him who he actually was she has to", "2pUEeSVmUro-00012-00011731-00012504": "question who are you he answers correctly and I never thought about you", "2pUEeSVmUro-00013-00012504-00013064": "know the story in person historian at like but I watched a great YouTube", "2pUEeSVmUro-00014-00013064-00014021": "teaching a man named rebbe Zacharias and I'll give a link somewhere in here", "2pUEeSVmUro-00015-00014021-00014984": "that YouTube channel they posed the question who are you and I want to ask", "2pUEeSVmUro-00016-00014984-00015452": "you who are you a lot of charge we go through life telling people that were", "2pUEeSVmUro-00017-00015452-00015937": "one thing when that's not really who we are but that's the identity that we're", "2pUEeSVmUro-00018-00015937-00016679": "trying to take on ourselves and it's not right we were intended to be many times", "2pUEeSVmUro-00019-00016679-00017265": "we take on this other identity we base it on you know media we base it on", "2pUEeSVmUro-00020-00017265-00017897": "characters that we see on television we base it on music stars we base it on", "2pUEeSVmUro-00021-00017897-00018507": "teachers or parents or neighbors or somebody who we see is better than", "2pUEeSVmUro-00022-00018507-00018726": "ourselves", "2pUEeSVmUro-00023-00018726-00019508": "nobody's better than you know it's that a lot of times nobody's better than you", "2pUEeSVmUro-00024-00019508-00020127": "nobody's better than me and it's weird to think that nobody is better than", "2pUEeSVmUro-00025-00020127-00020699": "another one but we're all for nominal an amazing in her own right now because", "2pUEeSVmUro-00026-00020699-00021541": "we're created in the image of God you have been created in the image of god", "2pUEeSVmUro-00027-00021541-00022121": "you're amazing you're incredible you're beautiful and and phenomena when you've", "2pUEeSVmUro-00028-00022121-00022439": "got these gifts and abilities inside of you", "2pUEeSVmUro-00029-00022439-00022935": "which will allow you to do things in a way that nobody else can do it maybe we", "2pUEeSVmUro-00030-00022935-00023490": "both can teach but you can teach in a way that I cannot teach maybe we can", "2pUEeSVmUro-00031-00023490-00024515": "boats or fix a car or paint a room we have both doing exactly the same way and", "2pUEeSVmUro-00032-00024515-00025162": "that's on purpose I need you you need me you need your neighbor your neighbor in", "2pUEeSVmUro-00033-00025162-00025718": "need you and as part of the grand design of things just the way you were designed", "2pUEeSVmUro-00034-00025718-00026431": "God is a trinity he is father son Holy Ghost and he's three in one in one part", "2pUEeSVmUro-00035-00026431-00027008": "does not exist apart from the other", "2pUEeSVmUro-00036-00027008-00027677": "intentional and we can really exist apart from one another", "2pUEeSVmUro-00037-00027677-00028283": "intentionally we might exist but work only existing we're not going to exist", "2pUEeSVmUro-00038-00028283-00029068": "but to thrive on og said it before I'll say two hundred other times you're not", "2pUEeSVmUro-00039-00029068-00029779": "called you and your call to stand out so goes down today", "2pUEeSVmUro-00040-00029779-00030516": "gobi beautifully you say one more thing before I leave you a lot of people have", "2pUEeSVmUro-00041-00030516-00031356": "asked how might I might otherwise and if you're seeing any of my time not some of", "2pUEeSVmUro-00042-00031356-00031794": "the stranger or more elaborate ones maybe you want to know how does he do", "2pUEeSVmUro-00043-00031794-00032631": "that are vital end of the guys name is Lynn wood and his YouTube channel is who", "2pUEeSVmUro-00044-00032631-00033077": "sees this as I said I'll provide a link and you can go I recommend you check", "2pUEeSVmUro-00045-00033077-00033568": "them out and make her how to try something cool", "2pUEeSVmUro-00046-00033568-00033966": "god bless you are really really appreciate your time thank you for", "2pUEeSVmUro-00047-00033966-00034053": "watching", "2pUEeSVmUro-00048-00034053-00034390": "I'll see you next time until then I love you god loves you"}}, {"audio_id": "2pbyxt7pCdY", "text": {"2pbyxt7pCdY-00000-00000000-00000200": "(upbeat music)", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00001-00001408-00001638": "- Europe has always had a stricter", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00002-00001638-00001850": "set of privacy rules than the U.S.,", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00003-00001850-00002114": "but what some higher-ed institutions may not appreciate", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00004-00002114-00002584": "is that this new GDPR really extends the extraterritorial", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00005-00002584-00002833": "reach of that European legislation.", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00006-00002833-00003141": "So even if you are not a institution", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00007-00003141-00003388": "with major programs in Europe,", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00008-00003388-00003589": "if you accept European students,", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00009-00003589-00003794": "if you market to European students,", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00010-00003794-00004129": "if your website engages Europeans in any way,", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00011-00004129-00004380": "you're subject to this new legislation,", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00012-00004380-00004740": "and it requires great detail and specificity.", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00013-00004740-00004927": "You need to explain exactly how", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00014-00004927-00005169": "you're using data, who you give it to.", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00015-00005169-00005385": "You've gotta provide access rights, if somebody", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00016-00005385-00005748": "wants to access what you've got about them, delete it--", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00017-00005748-00005948": "(upbeat music)", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00018-00006049-00006332": "If you fail to comply, the penalties can be", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00019-00006332-00006622": "as high as 4% of your global revenue.", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00020-00006622-00006910": "Now, unlikely that, you know,", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00021-00006910-00007253": "a meaning-well higher-ed institution is gonna be asked", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00022-00007253-00007520": "for 4% of its global revenue,", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00023-00007520-00007814": "but the penalty's on the books, and the regulators there", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00024-00007814-00008144": "are promising that they're gonna use their new authority", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00025-00008144-00008415": "and so, organizations around the world are", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00026-00008415-00008794": "really investing in the work they need to do", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00027-00008794-00008950": "to make sure they're ready for this law.", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00028-00008950-00009150": "(upbeat music)", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00029-00009416-00009643": "Almost every country, every Western democracy", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00030-00009643-00010034": "around the world now has a general privacy law.", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00031-00010143-00010542": "Privacy is increasingly recognized as a basic human right.", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00032-00010542-00010916": "In the U.S., we've had a sector-specific set of rules.", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00033-00010916-00011127": "Student data is protected in one way,", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00034-00011127-00011479": "financial data, another way, health data, credit.", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00035-00011479-00011897": "But most other data isn't protected at all.", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00036-00011897-00012189": "What we are seeing is states passing laws,", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00037-00012189-00012422": "cities putting rules into effect,", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00038-00012422-00012725": "school boards putting K-12 rules into effect,", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00039-00012725-00012942": "so it's gotten so complex.", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00040-00012942-00013142": "(upbeat music)", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00041-00013474-00013682": "And I think reasonable people recognize that,", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00042-00013682-00013873": "look, there's a role for marketing in the world,", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00043-00013873-00014113": "products and services are cheaper when there's", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00044-00014113-00014327": "good competition, but there need to be boundaries.", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00045-00014327-00014545": "You don't want to be intruded on.", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00046-00014545-00014793": "Maybe I know that, when I browse the web,", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00047-00014793-00015033": "there are ads targeted to me based on tracking,", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00048-00015033-00015281": "but I have a smart speaker in my home,", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00049-00015281-00015576": "and I have a TV, and I have a Echo.", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00050-00015576-00015940": "Where and how does data about that get used?", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00051-00015940-00016108": "I have a Fitbit.", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00052-00016108-00016381": "Where does data about my exercise or other", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00053-00016381-00016647": "intimate things you can learn about me?", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00054-00016647-00016848": "We've organized some of the direct-to-consumer", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00055-00016848-00016999": "genetics companies, right?", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00056-00016999-00017088": "They've got your DNA.", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00057-00017088-00017260": "What's more, it's the code that can describe", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00058-00017260-00017537": "almost everything about your life.", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00059-00017537-00017783": "Those aren't covered by the health privacy law because", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00060-00017783-00018155": "it's not data collected in a medical, an insurance example.", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00061-00018155-00018336": "Clearly, we want commitments that", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00062-00018336-00018541": "that data's not gonna be misused.", "2pbyxt7pCdY-00063-00018541-00018799": "(upbeat music)"}}, {"audio_id": "2ODPC9gS89Y", "text": {"2ODPC9gS89Y-00000-00000512-00002168": "Hello everyone and welcome. I'm Maranda Tylor with Business Mastery Pro.com. Today I'm going to", "2ODPC9gS89Y-00001-00002168-00002729": "share with you one of the emails we've received from our ask and answer video series, Secrets of", "2ODPC9gS89Y-00002-00002729-00003461": "a Disgruntled Employee - Letters from the Edge. This next email comes from Marissa and Marissa writes,", "2ODPC9gS89Y-00003-00003461-00004019": "'Dear Maranda, I have been a contract bookkeeper and in my own business for the last nine years.", "2ODPC9gS89Y-00004-00004019-00004667": "All of my clients, including my new ones have NO issues with my billing terms except for the most", "2ODPC9gS89Y-00005-00004667-00005240": "recent possibility. This client wants to hold back a week, and would then pay out that week", "2ODPC9gS89Y-00006-00005240-00005900": "owed to my company, following a two-week notice to terminate the verbal agreement. Wondering if", "2ODPC9gS89Y-00007-00005900-00006587": "you had any suggestions?' Hello Marissa and thank you for sharing your story. First, I would have", "2ODPC9gS89Y-00008-00006587-00007184": "to consider whether or not I wanted to change the way I did business in order to obtain this", "2ODPC9gS89Y-00009-00007184-00007730": "new client. Considering you've already established certain practices that have allowed your business", "2ODPC9gS89Y-00010-00007730-00008288": "to continue to operate over the last nine years, I think that speaks to your level of reliability,", "2ODPC9gS89Y-00011-00008288-00008894": "accountability and integrity. Since all of your current customers have no issues with your", "2ODPC9gS89Y-00012-00008894-00009476": "payment schedule, I would have to wonder why this potential client does? Maybe it's the way they've", "2ODPC9gS89Y-00013-00009476-00010106": "always done business, maybe it's a matter of cash flow, maybe they've been burned in the past, maybe", "2ODPC9gS89Y-00014-00010106-00010862": "they view the exchange of services more as an employer-employee, rather than sub-contract or maybe", "2ODPC9gS89Y-00015-00010862-00011432": "it's a power and control thing. Like who really knows right? In my opinion, if you do accept this", "2ODPC9gS89Y-00016-00011432-00011903": "client, make sure to get everything in writing. I wouldn't hang my hat on a verbal agreement,", "2ODPC9gS89Y-00017-00011903-00012425": "especially in this situation. At least if there's something in writing, you'll have a legal leg to", "2ODPC9gS89Y-00018-00012425-00012938": "stand on should things go sideways. And lastly, remember that two things cannot occupy the", "2ODPC9gS89Y-00019-00012938-00013508": "same space at the same time. If you decide NOT to take on this client, you will find another one or", "2ODPC9gS89Y-00020-00013508-00014034": "a couple of others that are likely to agree toyour terms and conditions, ensuring both parties will", "2ODPC9gS89Y-00021-00014034-00014553": "be much happier in the long run. Bottom line is you DON'T have to compromise, unless you really", "2ODPC9gS89Y-00022-00014553-00015150": "want to. My sincerest thanks to everyone who's taken the time to write in. Please keep those", "2ODPC9gS89Y-00023-00015150-00015630": "questions and comments coming. And until we meet again... I wish you peace and prosperity always."}}, {"audio_id": "2OHnXsv-lSU", "text": {"2OHnXsv-lSU-00000-00000040-00000290": "It has to become a background plot", "2OHnXsv-lSU-00001-00000432-00000636": "You know what I mean", "2OHnXsv-lSU-00002-00000670-00001080": "I love those detective plots which go past the investigation.", "2OHnXsv-lSU-00003-00001084-00001176": "Yes", "2OHnXsv-lSU-00004-00001300-00001592": "This investigation is gonna create an impact", "2OHnXsv-lSU-00005-00001594-00001844": "and this impact is what that matters.", "2OHnXsv-lSU-00006-00002030-00002306": "- Finding who did what doesn't really matters. - Exactly.", "2OHnXsv-lSU-00007-00002338-00002628": "This is what I like in Ben Affleck's \"Gone Baby Gone\" movie.", "2OHnXsv-lSU-00008-00002652-00003058": "When we assume that the child is missing and that she's done for...", "2OHnXsv-lSU-00009-00003090-00003444": "We don't want to find her anymore, we want the job to be done.", "2OHnXsv-lSU-00010-00003452-00003697": "And Ben makes us feel it, this is very interesting.", "2OHnXsv-lSU-00011-00003742-00004072": "In our story, we're not trying to find the cause, but the outcome.", "2OHnXsv-lSU-00012-00004086-00004182": "Yes.", "2OHnXsv-lSU-00013-00004186-00004412": "- Gentlemen, do you want to have a look at the menu ? - Fain", "2OHnXsv-lSU-00014-00004414-00004564": "With pleasure thank you.", "2OHnXsv-lSU-00015-00004576-00004898": "These are the best movies. \"Mystic River\" also uses this process.", "2OHnXsv-lSU-00016-00004904-00005378": "You know who is the killer at the end. But this is not what matters.", "2OHnXsv-lSU-00017-00005380-00006012": "The outcome matters with the... the three \"Mystic River\" guys.", "2OHnXsv-lSU-00018-00006122-00006642": "If we get our murderer to be less interesting than the consequence of its act...", "2OHnXsv-lSU-00019-00006656-00006831": "...we meet the challenge.", "2OHnXsv-lSU-00020-00006840-00007130": "Speaking of Korean movies, \"The Chaser\" movie use this mechanic."}}, {"audio_id": "2P0ZFPPuLIU", "text": {"2P0ZFPPuLIU-00000-00001552-00001823": "Get off of my land, boy! Get off of my land!", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00001-00003726-00003861": "I speak for the trees", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00002-00005190-00005508": "Tactical roll!", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00003-00006270-00006358": "He found him!", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00004-00006396-00006604": "You said you were at midsummer!", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00005-00008234-00008534": "Ow!   Sorry!", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00006-00009270-00009358": "Marco!   Polo!", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00007-00009708-00009868": "I heard that connect...", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00008-00009942-00010030": "Marco?   Polo!", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00009-00010354-00010442": "Marco?   Polo!", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00010-00011680-00011768": "Marco!   Polo!", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00011-00012420-00012508": "Marco!   Polo!", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00012-00013208-00013296": "Marco!   Polo!", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00013-00013638-00013726": "Marco!   Polo!", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00014-00014230-00014318": "Marco!   Polo!", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00015-00015000-00015088": "Marco!   Polo!", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00016-00015644-00015732": "Marco!   Polo!", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00018-00017120-00017232": "What the hell???", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00019-00017938-00018138": "I can hear your feet moving...", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00020-00018202-00018290": "Marco!   Polo!", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00021-00018426-00018530": "Aww, come on!!!", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00022-00019392-00019480": "Marco!   Polo!", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00023-00019860-00019948": "Marco!   Polo!", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00024-00020170-00020258": "Marco!   Polo!", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00025-00020472-00020822": "Yes! He was out!", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00026-00021056-00021144": "Marco!   Polo!", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00027-00021863-00022551": "This is gonna end with something broken. Alright, ready? Ready?", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00028-00023052-00023142": "Marco!   Polo!", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00029-00023414-00023486": "End us now!", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00030-00023558-00023686": "Existence is pain!", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00031-00024186-00024362": "I'm Mr. Meseeks look at me!", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00032-00024990-00025280": "Kill us! Please! We beg for death!", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00033-00025524-00025627": "Shoot this way!", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00034-00026089-00026298": "Marco!   Polo! Polo! Polo! Polo!", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00035-00026872-00027136": "Cody's in front of us!   Polo! Polo! Polo!", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00036-00027545-00027738": "Stop moving, I've got a shot!", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00037-00027738-00028156": "He's falling over is what's happening.", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00039-00029180-00029268": "Marco!   Polo!", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00040-00029794-00029882": "Marco!   Polo!", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00041-00030062-00030286": "Wait, did she fire anything?   Yeah", "2P0ZFPPuLIU-00042-00030286-00030576": "okay"}}, {"audio_id": "2PgF3VCmWcQ", "text": {"2PgF3VCmWcQ-00000-00000000-00000276": "So what's one of the biggest mistakes that I see a lot of young throwers make?", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00001-00000459-00000795": "They practice this and when you do this one thing all the time,", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00002-00000795-00000986": "it carries over into your throw and it's no good.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00003-00001040-00001338": "And we're going to talk about what to do, how to avoid it in this video.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00004-00001338-00001421": "Check it out", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00005-00003136-00003420": "Hey everybody, Erik Johnson from Arete Throws Nation. And in today's YouTube", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00006-00003421-00003819": "video, we're going to discuss a couple of simple tips and I'm joined by,", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00007-00003900-00004045": "discus thrower, Jason Harrell.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00008-00004090-00004353": "He has a 65’ 48” meter PR, ranked,", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00009-00004353-00004835": "23rd in the world in 2018.  So today Jason is going to help me out.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00010-00004838-00005087": "We're going to go through a couple of things and one of the big things that we", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00011-00005087-00005462": "want young throwers or throwers in general to understand is when you're training,", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00012-00005465-00005573": "don't finish the throw.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00013-00005663-00005963": "But before we get to the finish and not finishing the throw,", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00014-00005965-00006239": "we're just going to kind of walk through and I wanted to just show young", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00015-00006239-00006497": "throwers what walking through the throw means.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00016-00006518-00006680": "So we kind of do this and we refer to,", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00017-00006680-00007019": "we hit our six pillars and you're going to notice as Jason kind of walks through", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00018-00007019-00007328": "to hit and go through from start to finish from his one to six,", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00019-00007331-00007502": "we're going to kind of watch how he's moving,", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00020-00007502-00007791": "how he thinks about the throw and how he's controlling position.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00021-00007791-00008114": "So many times I see young throwers and young coaches and they’re,", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00022-00008138-00008300": "basically doing the wrong thing.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00023-00008309-00008585": "So what I'm going to do is have Jason kind of set up and the first thing we're", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00024-00008602-00008702": "going to kind of do is,", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00025-00008702-00009158": "we'll walk through and we'll kind of show Jason as he sets up his “pillar 1”.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00026-00009158-00009458": "So that's our wind and that's where we have a ton of things going on.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00027-00009476-00009743": "But you're going to notice one of the core things that's going to help him set", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00028-00009743-00010070": "up his throw is staying centered. And that's one of the recommendations we meet.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00029-00010091-00010370": "Eliminate movement, stay centered on the windup.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00030-00010406-00010736": "We'll create better tension and stretch reflex. Okay, so Jason's going to go,", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00031-00010931-00011117": "so you're going to notice how Jason stays up.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00032-00011120-00011411": "You stay centered and notice that little swing, right?", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00033-00011411-00011686": "So I'm going to have him do that one more time and watch when he winds and you're", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00034-00011688-00011912": "going to notice his body kind of sling back forward.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00035-00011912-00012026": "And that's what we're trying to do.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00036-00012026-00012437": "We're trying to set up the right tension so that he can create the right", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00037-00012437-00012779": "movement into his “pillar 2”. So I'll have Jason go to his “pillar two”.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00038-00012779-00013088": "So that's his one. And then I'll have him just kind of do his thing.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00039-00013088-00013447": "But you're going to notice how when he focuses on that he's moving his hips this", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00040-00013448-00013700": "way, he's keeping his arm extended.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00041-00013703-00013969": "I want him to keep his arm a little bit more here to take a little bit of a", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00042-00013970-00014312": "longer path, but you're going to notice the position of his sweep leg.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00043-00014330-00014753": "He's moving the right side, the sweep leg side with the entry side.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00044-00014753-00015083": "So everything's moving out and around the axis. So Jason, we'll see.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00045-00015083-00015485": "We'll have Jason go to a “pillar three”; so he'll go to his three.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00046-00015518-00015908": "And one of the things about Jason's throw we talked about is that he has a little", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00047-00015908-00016280": "bit of a narrower sweep and that's just kind of indicative to his style.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00048-00016286-00016563": "And so it is an important point that we want a wider sweep.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00049-00016563-00016748": "But for him and the things we worked on,", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00050-00016751-00017108": "the narrower sweep was just something we work on that.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00051-00017108-00017252": "We don't want to change his throw too much.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00052-00017255-00017522": "So he's going to do a sprint counter Drill what we talk about,", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00053-00017522-00017720": "so this is where we're going to create some counterbalance.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00054-00017753-00018086": "And then what he's going to do is he's going do a sweep step into the middle, a", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00055-00018087-00018472": "push pull. So he's going to land, he's going to push off the left,", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00056-00018475-00018889": "pull it into the power position. This is his three, four, five position.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00057-00018913-00019207": "And notice how he's landing heel up. One of,", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00058-00019213-00019402": "our recent YouTube videos we talked about,", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00059-00019402-00019534": "don't drop the heel in the middle.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00060-00019555-00019945": "That's how it enables him to maintain the proper access through the delivery", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00061-00019978-00020182": "and notice where he stops. So watch,", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00062-00020200-00020632": "I'm going to have Jason just do a throw as if he was going to be doing,", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00063-00020632-00020737": "you know, like a training,", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00064-00020737-00021127": "Drill, a walkthrough and watch what he will naturally do. So go ahead.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00065-00021423-00021780": "So you'll notice him set, he'll kind of walk through and you're going to notice", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00066-00021786-00022050": "that is what we're talking about. Don't finish the throw.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00067-00022053-00022361": "One of the biggest mistakes you see with all beginning throwers is that they're", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00068-00022362-00022629": "always trying to practice ripping through the throw.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00069-00022635-00022922": "And one of the biggest things you're going to notice with most elite throwers is", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00070-00022931-00023025": "that once they hit this,", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00071-00023025-00023409": "now he'll go through and he'll mimic trying to hit his finish.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00072-00023412-00023520": "But it's always the,", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00073-00023523-00023877": "goal which you'll see on most throwers is they're trying to get to the", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00074-00023877-00024231": "“pillar five” or power position and hold that separation.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00075-00024258-00024414": "And they want to see the,", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00076-00024417-00024798": "stretch and the tension that's going to bring them through the throw.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00077-00024819-00025266": "And that is a huge detail because it teaches you the proper timing of feeling", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00078-00025266-00025593": "your block arm, your block leg and your delivery side and delivery arm.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00079-00025596-00025902": "And when you're just rushing through, that's going to cost you distance.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00080-00025902-00026226": "So there's your tip for today. Jason got anything to say? I got nothing.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00081-00026232-00026457": "All right, so thanks so much for watching. If you liked this video,", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00082-00026457-00026733": "be sure to give us a thumbs up. Hit that subscribe button.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00083-00026889-00026912": "Comment below. If there’s any other videos   85 00:04:29,120 --> 00:04:32,250 you'd like to see, and we we’ll see you on the next video.   86 00:04:32,580 --> 00:04:33,780 I got it.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00084-00028068-00028362": "Be sure to check out our next videos. Be sure to subscribe,", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00085-00028364-00028662": "visit our website for free videos. Click the links below.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00086-00028662-00028824": "We have links to our free mini course.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00087-00028839-00029124": "Check out our websites for camps and different detailed information.", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00088-00029127-00029436": "Throw farther faster by understanding the science with the Throwing Chain", "2PgF3VCmWcQ-00089-00029436-00029586": "Reaction System. Thanks so much for watching."}}, {"audio_id": "2Pjf9cqeUGy", "text": {"2Pjf9cqeUGy-00000-00000000-00000096": "It`s SaturdaY"}}, {"audio_id": "2Plo_WJzD5I", "text": {"2Plo_WJzD5I-00000-00001264-00001696": "hello everyone this is ranger rob and this is actually a first of a big series", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00001-00001776-00002752": "of uh what we call the ppp program which is prep preserve and produce and each one has its own", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00002-00002928-00003792": "issue altogether and our videos now on on this particular playlist is designed for new people", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00003-00003847-00004280": "and we're hoping there's a lot of new people that are starting to awaken", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00004-00004352-00004968": "and what i mean by awaken is uh it's no doubt 2020 and as we're going to 2021", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00005-00005040-00005648": "that the world the world is changing there's things like the big reset financial problems", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00006-00005704-00006528": "food shortages things like that a lot of people laid off money short and uh it's coming down to", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00007-00006648-00007240": "this great reset all these things coming to i truly believe is the awakening is going to", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00008-00007240-00007848": "be that we need to take a step back not forward yes technology and things like", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00009-00007848-00008408": "that will definitely advance and we'll use some of those tools but what we need to go back to", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00010-00008520-00008888": "is learning how to do things to be more self-sufficient", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00011-00008960-00009408": "and so that's what this program is all about and i think there's a lot of new people doing that", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00012-00009472-00010144": "now some people are advanced way more advanced than i am and i will be the first one to tell", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00013-00010144-00011184": "you that i'm gonna call myself a beginner um but i'm a beginner that's taking action and that's", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00014-00011184-00011840": "what i'm hoping you're gonna do now i don't care if you have a five-acre place i don't care if you", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00015-00011840-00012520": "have a one-acre place i don't care if you have a lot outside of the city there's a lot of things", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00016-00012520-00013208": "we can do but today i want to talk about soil because i have quite a challenge with my soil", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00017-00013384-00014176": "this is going to be our 25 by 25 foot garden plus a new little section here too and", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00018-00014176-00014776": "as you can see i live in central oregon and of course i want to sneeze anyway uh", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00019-00014904-00015696": "and our soil is sandy very sandy now this soil let me get down here a little bit", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00020-00015776-00016448": "as has been amended once but it's not enough let me show you it's getting", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00021-00016528-00017248": "a little darker and i did put a compost into this i brought five yards in and i did blend it", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00022-00017320-00018232": "but it's not enough it's uh that's what my soil right there and this let me just move over you", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00023-00018232-00019248": "can see is lighter is uh because it's a little wet it looks darker but it's very sandy so my i", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00024-00019248-00019928": "want to learn permaculture i want to embrace my animals i don't have all the animals i want yet", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00025-00020112-00020792": "so i'm going to turn the soil again when i add another 10 yards of compost to it i'll bring", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00026-00020792-00021464": "a truck in and i'll order it that way why am i doing that because my soil is poor and but i can", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00027-00021464-00022176": "make it better and so what i want to talk about is what i'm learning is it's one thing to grow stuff", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00028-00022352-00023224": "one thing to grow things and one thing to get older and it's another to take care of the soil", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00029-00023224-00023376": "so it'll always take care of me", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00030-00023568-00024208": "so you can see even during its winter time here it's december there's not a thing growing here", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00031-00024208-00024688": "there's no weeds there's no nothing now i'm kind of glad i don't have the weeds but that", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00032-00024688-00025448": "also tells me uh i don't have a very active ground so this is going to be an important year", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00033-00025639-00026312": "i'm going to need to get this soil amended and then i need to turn it but i don't want to", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00034-00026312-00027095": "i want to learn no-till gardening but i'm going to have to uh work on this soil to make it better", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00035-00027160-00027695": "but once i take it up to the next level i need to keep it there and i need it to be even better", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00036-00027792-00028552": "so i'm expecting my first year to be okay but i'm expecting my second year to be the best", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00037-00028552-00029295": "why one is i have my seeds already i ordered them months ago and uh", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00038-00029439-00029983": "what grows the strongest are some of the things i'm going to give i'm going to take", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00039-00029983-00030768": "the seeds from them because seeds i've been told learn seeds will pass on the knowledge", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00040-00030768-00031712": "of how to grow in this region in this soil so i've got a lot to do to get my gardens ready for next", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00041-00031712-00032439": "year the other thing with amending my soil is not only am i going to bring compost in i'm creating", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00042-00032439-00033272": "my own compost not only that my little girls here are going to produce eggs for me they produce", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00043-00033368-00034120": "a lot of poop and that's what this was all about our compost bins so as we clean our", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00044-00034176-00034768": "their uh cages out their poop is getting mixed in here something ferrous along with our hay along", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00045-00034768-00035376": "with scraps and things we've done in the yard as we clean it and uh it's breaking down really well", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00046-00035464-00035800": "now this batch here will probably be ready for next year next spring", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00047-00035864-00036440": "this one's a little bit farther back but the other thing we're gonna add to this and it's not here", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00048-00036440-00037152": "yet that's what i'm telling you we're beginners we're new we're adding rabbits so probably", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00049-00037304-00038008": "over here we're not i could change but we're not interested in uh butchering rabbits", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00050-00038192-00038784": "but that could change if the food situation gets worse so i will probably get more of a", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00051-00038896-00039488": "oh a show rabbit but it's not what i want about the rabbits it's what they poop", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00052-00039560-00040112": "that magical pellet that they make is one is it can go into a garden right away", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00053-00040112-00040568": "it's not hot like chicken manure chicken manure you need to break down and let it", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00054-00040736-00041384": "it's pretty acidy and uh it's it's hard on the garden until it's got some breakdown to do", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00055-00041472-00042120": "but rabbit oh no so wherever we put this hutch or hutches we'll probably get a coat", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00056-00042120-00042584": "and we're gonna get some bucks too we're gonna breed them and we're gonna take", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00057-00042584-00043232": "those magical pellets and make sure we can harvest them easily uh before the dogs do", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00058-00043392-00044216": "and it will contribute to uh my son's in the wrong spot here to our garden so some of the things i'm", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00059-00044216-00045168": "going to do to mend this soil will be bringing in a truckload of compost continuously adding compost", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00060-00045240-00045728": "from my own creation and using the manure from the chickens", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00061-00045808-00046672": "and manures from the future rabbits to make this an outstanding garden now this garden could grow", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00062-00046672-00047328": "bigger we are also looking at starting to use some of the grass area over there that", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00063-00047392-00047880": "we have so much grass that's not even funny that maybe we can actually let our animals", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00064-00047968-00048616": "uh be on the ground and actually rotate them through the grass in that area the", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00065-00048616-00049440": "one make my grass grow better and to uh let them eat uh more natural foods and bugs and stuff", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00066-00049520-00050144": "so that's the first thing i wanted to cover in my first series of the ppp program and today was soil", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00067-00050232-00050800": "and i've got a lot to learn and as i learn it and as i amend this i'll be sharing that", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00068-00050800-00051848": "with you in the comments below love to hear are you new at prepping and and preserving food and", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00069-00051912-00052640": "producing food are you are you starting to move that direction and it doesn't have to be hardcore", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00070-00052640-00053304": "this is a this is a lot to take on but uh you can do a lot in just an acre or a half an acre", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00071-00053304-00053976": "even a lot and the reason i can say that is i've done it and so uh you can do it too", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00072-00054096-00054640": "and do realize there's a lot of us that are new at it but we're all waking up going we need to", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00073-00054640-00055152": "be more self-sufficient we need to quit going to the grocery store so much we need to be able", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00074-00055152-00055976": "to take care of ourselves because it might just get down to that and if i'm wrong no harm done", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00075-00056144-00057048": "i'm getting quality food quality meat quality eggs i know where my food comes from so uh i hope this", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00076-00057048-00057704": "was a good start i hope you enjoy the series please leave your name on that name but your", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00077-00057704-00058479": "comments below uh please like share our videos and uh tell everybody what we're doing and uh", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00078-00058567-00059248": "share in the dialogue i appreciate that so guys have a great day i'm ranger rob until next time", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00079-00059248-00059991": "bye now our videos are made possible by ranger rob poopy bags available at amazon right now", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00080-00060184-00060560": "thank you very much for watching our video please take the time to like", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00081-00060560-00061024": "subscribe and share our videos all over the whole wide world", "2Plo_WJzD5I-00082-00061024-00062184": "thanks you"}}, {"audio_id": "2Pne4OegfOI", "text": {"2Pne4OegfOI-00000-00000000-00000492": "In this movie we're going to discuss the behavior of sample proportions by", "2Pne4OegfOI-00001-00000492-00001026": "investigating these two questions: when we collect random samples what patterns", "2Pne4OegfOI-00002-00001026-00001508": "emerge?  More specifically, what is the shape, center, and spread of the", "2Pne4OegfOI-00003-00001508-00001994": "distribution of sample proportions?  To investigate these questions we're going", "2Pne4OegfOI-00004-00001994-00002453": "to return to the familiar context of the previous example and look at the", "2Pne4OegfOI-00005-00002453-00002951": "population of all part-time college students.  We're assuming that sixty percent", "2Pne4OegfOI-00006-00002951-00003504": "of this population is female.  Now what we're going to be investigating in this", "2Pne4OegfOI-00007-00003504-00004035": "movie is what happens as we begin to take random samples from this population.", "2Pne4OegfOI-00008-00004035-00004607": "I'm going to be collecting random samples of 25 students at a time.  You", "2Pne4OegfOI-00009-00004607-00005125": "will see the sample here and to the right you will see the number of females", "2Pne4OegfOI-00010-00005125-00005666": "out of the 25 randomly selected part-time college students.  In this case", "2Pne4OegfOI-00011-00005666-00006455": "17 out of 25 is 0.68.  This is our p-hat value, our sample proportion.  We will graph", "2Pne4OegfOI-00012-00006455-00007104": "each p-hat above to generate a graph of the sampling distribution of sample", "2Pne4OegfOI-00013-00007104-00007765": "proportions.  Let's collect a second random sample and see what happens.  This time we", "2Pne4OegfOI-00014-00007765-00008365": "got 18 out of 25 of the students being female which is a sample proportion of", "2Pne4OegfOI-00015-00008365-00009089": "0.72.  We see that graphed here.  Let's collect another random sample.  We see", "2Pne4OegfOI-00016-00009089-00009690": "this time we got 0.64.  Sixteen of the twenty five randomly selected", "2Pne4OegfOI-00017-00009690-00009867": "students are female.", "2Pne4OegfOI-00018-00009867-00010410": "We can begin to see as we collect more random samples that there is going to be", "2Pne4OegfOI-00019-00010410-00010972": "variability as we might expect.  Each random sample will have a different", "2Pne4OegfOI-00020-00010972-00011482": "proportion of females.  What we're interested in is what is going to happen", "2Pne4OegfOI-00021-00011482-00011793": "when we began to collect many", "2Pne4OegfOI-00022-00011793-00012382": "random samples.  While we run the simulation we want you to pause the", "2Pne4OegfOI-00023-00012382-00012961": "movie and have you make some predictions.  We want you to think about if we collect", "2Pne4OegfOI-00024-00012961-00013491": "many many random samples what will be the shape and center and spread of the", "2Pne4OegfOI-00025-00013491-00013707": "distribution that results?", "2Pne4OegfOI-00026-00014191-00014981": "Let's see what happened.  I collected over 2,000 random samples.  Each sample had 25", "2Pne4OegfOI-00027-00014981-00015391": "part-time college students in it and for each sample I calculated the proportion", "2Pne4OegfOI-00028-00015391-00016188": "that were female and I recorded that here. Did you predict correctly?  What looks like", "2Pne4OegfOI-00029-00016188-00016765": "happened over the long run is that many of the samples had proportions that were", "2Pne4OegfOI-00030-00016765-00017409": "close to the population proportion of 0.6.  We can also see that as we", "2Pne4OegfOI-00031-00017409-00018020": "moved further away from 0.6 we had fewer samples with sample proportions in", "2Pne4OegfOI-00032-00018020-00018672": "that range.  We can get a more accurate sense of the variability in sample", "2Pne4OegfOI-00033-00018672-00019226": "proportions by looking at the standard deviation.  Here the standard deviation is", "2Pne4OegfOI-00034-00019226-00019886": "roughly 10%.  That tells me that typical samples had proportions that fell", "2Pne4OegfOI-00035-00019886-00020554": "between about 0.5 and 0.7.  Here in the graph I have marked one standard deviation", "2Pne4OegfOI-00036-00020554-00021231": "below and one standard deviation above the mean of 0.6.  Another thing we", "2Pne4OegfOI-00037-00021231-00021697": "notice is that the shape is approximately normal.  I have used a", "2Pne4OegfOI-00038-00021697-00022176": "mathematical formula here to graph a normal curve on top of the sampling", "2Pne4OegfOI-00039-00022176-00022748": "distribution and we can see that the normal distribution models the sample", "2Pne4OegfOI-00040-00022748-00023407": "proportions well.  This is encouraging.  It tells me that a normal model will be a", "2Pne4OegfOI-00041-00023407-00023998": "good probability model for the sampling distribution of sample proportions.", "2Pne4OegfOI-00042-00023998-00024501": "Now in the next movie we're going to investigate this issue of variability in", "2Pne4OegfOI-00043-00024501-00025059": "sample proportions in more detail and look specifically at the impact of", "2Pne4OegfOI-00044-00025059-00025331": "sample size.  We'll see you then."}}, {"audio_id": "2PprROO_6JQ", "text": {"2PprROO_6JQ-00001-00000215-00000446": "My name is Dr. Qassim Abdullah, and I will be", "2PprROO_6JQ-00002-00000446-00000842": "teaching Geography 597, Geospatial", "2PprROO_6JQ-00003-00000842-00001126": "Application for UAS.", "2PprROO_6JQ-00004-00001126-00001565": "UAS is Unmanned Aerial System.", "2PprROO_6JQ-00005-00001565-00001820": "It is a part of the Penn State Online", "2PprROO_6JQ-00006-00001820-00002093": "Geospatial Educational program.", "2PprROO_6JQ-00007-00002093-00002629": "The UAS development and use was started long time ago, in", "2PprROO_6JQ-00008-00002629-00003179": "fact, but we didn't get the practical to use until recent", "2PprROO_6JQ-00009-00003179-00003596": "days due to the advancement in technology, such as", "2PprROO_6JQ-00010-00003596-00004026": "miniaturized IMU, GPS, and other communication", "2PprROO_6JQ-00011-00004026-00004204": "instruments.", "2PprROO_6JQ-00012-00004204-00004548": "We started with a defense application, and now we're", "2PprROO_6JQ-00013-00004548-00004963": "seeing revolution in the use for civilian use.", "2PprROO_6JQ-00014-00004963-00005152": "And that's why we're introducing this in class.", "2PprROO_6JQ-00015-00005152-00005555": "In class we want to introduce the history and overview of", "2PprROO_6JQ-00016-00005555-00006053": "the UAS, elements of the system, payloads, and sensor", "2PprROO_6JQ-00017-00006053-00006216": "for remote sensing.", "2PprROO_6JQ-00018-00006216-00006788": "And one important topic we will deal with is the FAA", "2PprROO_6JQ-00019-00006788-00007312": "regulation on owning and operating a UAS and how to", "2PprROO_6JQ-00020-00007312-00007865": "apply for certificate of authorization, the COA.", "2PprROO_6JQ-00021-00007865-00008298": "The other part of the course will focus on the application", "2PprROO_6JQ-00022-00008298-00008929": "of geospatials and the product development, such as camera", "2PprROO_6JQ-00023-00008929-00009198": "calibration and boresighting is important of the product", "2PprROO_6JQ-00024-00009198-00009626": "development, orthorectification, DTM", "2PprROO_6JQ-00025-00009626-00009779": "generation, and so on."}}, {"audio_id": "2PeW20O7SOQ", "text": {"2PeW20O7SOQ-00000-00000000-00000274": "<i>Presentation German microscopes AUS JENA..</i>", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00001-00000304-00000589": "<i>The CPMA NGO in partnership with:</i>", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00002-00002342-00002830": "<i>Support: The Knowledge Blog profafc.webnode.com.</i>", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00003-00003672-00004100": "We congratulate and thank Mr. Gusttavo complimentary, contact e-mail: gustavoemcasa@yahoo.com.br Enthusiast Microscopy", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00004-00004130-00004776": "Restoration and field research. Professor Antonio", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00005-00005296-00005463": "Hello everyone!", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00006-00005536-00005783": "Let's start this video lesson", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00007-00005784-00006184": "In adapted trinocular microscope", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00008-00006204-00006531": "This microscope came by the company postal", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00009-00006540-00006759": "see the front cover lens", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00010-00006792-00007404": "Look, it's good to use the services of the post office, is not it?", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00011-00007508-00007642": "We have here", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00012-00007902-00008009": "A microscope eyepiece", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00013-00008242-00008492": "Look here in perfect condition", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00014-00009140-00009299": "<i>The second microscope eyepiece</i>", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00015-00009534-00010140": "<i>Look at this, the state, all burst, we have to fix.</i>", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00016-00010670-00010817": "Both the eyepiece of the microscope", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00017-00010822-00011010": "how much", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00018-00011062-00011288": "eyepiece holder", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00019-00011356-00011476": "all busted", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00020-00011504-00011810": "Here, you can see that there is a thread, OK?", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00021-00011982-00012300": "It was not just what broke the trip", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00022-00012306-00012486": "also", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00023-00012498-00012804": "Damaged side button", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00024-00012980-00013180": "this button here", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00025-00013762-00014136": "totally damaged the side of this coarse button", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00026-00014147-00014391": "We will try to rebuild", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00027-00014413-00014668": "And fix this side", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00028-00015118-00015222": "Also here", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00029-00015310-00015754": "We have a screw is a clamping screw", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00030-00015947-00016147": "And there is a millimetric thread", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00031-00016376-00016754": "You may notice that the thread left off center", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00032-00016820-00017068": "It is fully highlighted", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00033-00017144-00017424": "They gave a very strong blow this screw", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00034-00017610-00017834": "And withdrew this screw position", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00035-00017912-00018408": "He ... let go ... the blow, the coup", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00036-00018600-00018824": "Thanks to our Post Company", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00037-00019544-00019942": "So these are the equipment that will fix.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00038-00019972-00020296": "Are two microscopes ...", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00039-00020538-00020738": "Made in Germany", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00040-00020824-00020958": "Made in Germany", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00041-00021144-00021268": "Germany", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00042-00021330-00021454": "Eastern", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00043-00021660-00021866": "We have here some adapters", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00044-00021914-00022048": "The base", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00045-00022110-00022266": "This is the blade", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00046-00022320-00022514": "And ... the source of electrical power", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00047-00022570-00022866": "A small observation", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00048-00022890-00023132": "This is a very old equipment", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00049-00023150-00023592": "Prior to the time of the fall of the Berlin Wall", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00050-00023612-00024080": "Approximately made at the time of thousand nine hundred forty-five", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00051-00024160-00024808": "Or possibly in the 20 or 30, Can not need as identification is no more", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00052-00024844-00025026": "But the structure of the same ...", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00053-00025066-00025306": "It gives us an impression that they are very old, OK?", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00054-00025340-00025732": "So this is a presentation of the equipment that we will study", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00055-00025776-00026092": "And if you go to maintenance, will give maintenance at all.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00056-00026124-00026692": "Both in digital equipment as the analog", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00057-00027366-00028083": "Music: Uncle Nelson and Her Crew, contacts:", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00058-00129254-00129489": "O cheque é indenização por demissão.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00059-00129489-00129668": "Só porque não posso mudar você,", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00060-00129668-00129920": "não significa que vou deixar você na minha vida", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00061-00129921-00130147": "até ser morto.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00062-00130299-00130656": "E meu irmão me deu isso quando voltou dos mortos.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00063-00130656-00130894": "Disse que era um hozen.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00064-00130894-00131207": "Um negócio budista que simboliza a reconexão.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00065-00131264-00131556": "Se quiser reconectar comigo,", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00066-00131556-00131848": "fique com o hozen e rasgue o cheque.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00067-00131848-00132102": "Não me dou muito bem com intimações.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00068-00132192-00132524": "E eu não me dou muito bem com pessoas que amo se ferindo.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00069-00132592-00132727": "Ou pior.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00070-00133634-00133785": "O das 16h chegou.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00071-00133786-00134100": "Embora eu não saiba o por que chamá-lo ao seu escritório.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00072-00134100-00134353": "Porque preciso consertar isso,", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00073-00134353-00134685": "e aqui não há câmeras ou pessoas para me jogar coisas.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00074-00134685-00134982": "Vereador. Obrigado por vir.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00075-00134982-00135123": "Sr. Queen.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00076-00135200-00135396": "Que bela vista.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00077-00135428-00135712": "O quão pequenos o resto de nós deve parecer daqui.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00078-00135712-00135844": "- Srta. Smoak. - Sim?", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00079-00135844-00136086": "Pode trazer um café para nós?", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00080-00136086-00136489": "Adoraria, mas parece que alguém quebrou nossa cafeteira.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00081-00136681-00136847": "Violentamente.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00082-00136918-00137162": "Fiquei surpreso com o seu pedido de reunião.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00083-00137201-00137348": "Tanto quanto eu fiquei", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00084-00137348-00137626": "quando você colocou uma multidão contra mim?", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00085-00137626-00137849": "Isso não deveria ter sido tanta surpresa.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00086-00137884-00138149": "Meus constituintes têm muita raiva da sua família.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00087-00138149-00138307": "Eles têm todo o direito.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00088-00138307-00138740": "Minha mãe estava envolvida em algo indescritível.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00089-00138789-00138979": "Mas sou independente.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00090-00139014-00139300": "- E não sou seu inimigo. - Não é um amigo.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00091-00139376-00139659": "Para mim ou para as pessoas do Glades.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00092-00139659-00140004": "Espero poder provar o contrário.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00093-00140077-00140209": "Sr. Queen,", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00094-00140209-00140521": "nem todo problema é resolvido com dinheiro.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00095-00140608-00140807": "Mudança de verdade nunca acontecerá", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00096-00140807-00141001": "até que seus amigos da elite percebam", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00097-00141001-00141344": "que é inaceitável deixar milhares de pessoas", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00098-00141344-00141589": "morarem na rua como se fosse o 3º mundo.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00099-00141589-00141898": "Então vamos mostrar a eles. Farei um evento beneficente.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00100-00141898-00142173": "Convidarei os meus amigos da elite,", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00101-00142173-00142491": "e nós dois poderemos ajudá-los a ver o que precisa ser feito.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00102-00142663-00142872": "As pessoas vendo você...", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00103-00143014-00143170": "Vendo você se erguer.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00104-00143171-00143434": "O presidente das Consolidações Queen", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00105-00143435-00143922": "assumindo a responsabilidade e sendo o rosto dessa causa.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00106-00144210-00144465": "Isso faria a diferença.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00107-00144792-00145029": "Então vamos fazer a diferença.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00108-00145408-00145539": "Ouça.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00109-00145581-00146014": "Sinto muito pelo que houve do lado de fora do hospital.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00110-00146014-00146300": "Ás vezes as emoções me fazem perder a razão.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00111-00149091-00149387": "Garoto! Shado!", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00112-00149388-00149579": "É, só...", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00113-00149748-00149938": "Só estávamos nos limpando.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00114-00150136-00150350": "É melhor se preparar para ficar sujo de novo.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00115-00150350-00150609": "Descobri onde aqueles homens estavam indo.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00116-00150609-00150819": "A uns 2 km a noroeste daqui.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00117-00150984-00151127": "Vamos lá.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00118-00151631-00151776": "Tenha cuidado.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00119-00151776-00152030": "- Não se apaixone tão rápido. - Por que não?", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00120-00152030-00152437": "Para ter certeza que uma parte dessa ilha não é uma droga?", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00121-00152437-00152640": "Para sobreviver.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00122-00152640-00152895": "Ela é uma distração, e em um lugar como esse", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00123-00152895-00153088": "uma distração atrapalhará o seu julgamento.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00124-00153088-00153319": "E será isso que matará você.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00125-00153503-00153771": "Olhe o que essa ilha já fez com você, garoto.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00126-00155393-00155597": "Olá, Laurel.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00127-00155733-00156032": "- Parece como nos velhos tempos. - Precisamos conversar.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00128-00156163-00156574": "Tudo bem. Desligue isso e tire seu capuz.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00129-00156574-00156803": "Eu não sou seu inimigo.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00130-00156803-00156976": "E pensei que nos entendíamos.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00131-00156976-00157175": "Entendo que você é um criminoso.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00132-00157176-00157395": "E que pensa que a lei não vale para você, mas vale.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00133-00157395-00157609": "Mas você já pensou de forma diferente.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00134-00157674-00158005": "Você pensava que eu estava ajudando as pessoas da cidade.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00135-00158126-00158513": "- E aí eu vi você. - Eu não estou entendendo.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00136-00158513-00158679": "Na noite do terremoto.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00137-00158679-00159022": "Eu te vi na CNRI.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00138-00159022-00159457": "Meu amigo estava dentro do prédio quando desmoronou.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00139-00159551-00159795": "Ele foi lá me resgatar.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00140-00159795-00160119": "E quando consegui entrar, ele já estava morto.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00141-00160366-00160754": "Mas eu te vi, fugindo na escuridão da noite.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00142-00160966-00161172": "Você não o salvou.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00143-00161862-00162083": "Estava muito ocupado", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00144-00162083-00162383": "em um duelo insignificante com Malcom Merlyn.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00145-00162383-00162610": "E quando pessoas...", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00146-00162610-00162996": "Pessoas, que você disse querer ajudar, precisaram de ajuda...", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00147-00163401-00163624": "Você não estava lá.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00148-00163780-00164069": "Eu não acho que usa o capuz, porque é um herói.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00149-00164213-00164502": "Você usa para esconder sua covardia.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00150-00164502-00164785": "Prometo que vou desmascarar você,", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00151-00164785-00165016": "processá-lo e mandá-lo para prisão.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00152-00165097-00165362": "Nunca mais fale comigo.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00153-00168232-00168471": "Você parece ser uma mulher que está procurando alguém.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00154-00168686-00169024": "Um amigo. Ele está realizando esse evento.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00155-00169024-00169377": "Oliver Queen. Não sabia que eram amigos.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00156-00169377-00169546": "Amigos de longa data.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00157-00169576-00169806": "Então pode imaginar o que sinto sobre você colocá-lo", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00158-00169806-00170086": "na mira da opinião pública, vereador.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00159-00170172-00170396": "Se adiantar, me desculpei com Oliver", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00160-00170396-00170594": "por meus excessos retóricos.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00161-00170594-00170986": "Na verdade, esse é o motivo de estarmos aqui.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00162-00171098-00171472": "- Então, onde está Oliver? - Estava me perguntando isso.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00163-00171932-00172089": "Estamos atrasados.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00164-00172159-00172415": "A boa notícia é que você fará uma entrada dramática.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00165-00172416-00172819": "Por sorte, Oliver Queen tem a reputação de chegar atrasado.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00166-00172896-00173424": "É muito estranho como você fala de si na terceira pessoa.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00167-00173843-00173993": "É a Felicity.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00168-00174210-00174502": "- Pode falar. - Tenho boas e más notícias.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00169-00174502-00174671": "Invadi o servidor da FEMA,", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00170-00174671-00174851": "outro crime federal, obrigada por isso,", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00171-00174851-00175164": "<i>e descobri quando acontecerá o próximo carregamento.</i>", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00172-00175164-00175452": "<i>- Quando? - Essas são as más notícias.</i>", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00173-00175452-00175655": "<i>Foi há cinco minutos.</i>", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00174-00175655-00175941": "Eu sei que essa é a definição de péssima hora,", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00175-00175941-00176426": "mas qual terno você planeja usar hoje?", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00176-00176765-00177122": "Parece que o Sr. Queen não vai nos honrar com sua presença.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00177-00177372-00177769": "- Aonde você está indo? - Falar com os convidados.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00178-00177808-00178099": "É hora de perceberem que tipo de pessoa seu anfitrião é.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00179-00178099-00178399": "Vai crucificá-lo na mídia de novo?", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00180-00178399-00178769": "Crucificação tem uma reputação tão ruim.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00181-00178886-00179143": "Os romanos a usavam para punir pessoas", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00182-00179143-00179475": "que agiam contra o bem público", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00183-00179475-00179676": "Vereador.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00184-00179796-00180010": "Senhoras e senhores.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00185-00180010-00180217": "Obrigado.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00186-00180217-00180504": "Mas guardem suas palmas para Oliver Queen.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00187-00180504-00180734": "Esse evento foi ideia dele.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00188-00180864-00181031": "Dessa forma,", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00189-00181091-00181368": "vocês devem se perguntar por que o sr. Queen...", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00190-00181448-00181641": "não está conosco hoje.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00191-00181701-00181962": "E temo que a resposta", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00192-00181962-00182109": "seja dolorosa.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00193-00182219-00182419": "Ele não se importa.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00194-00182419-00182749": "Eu disse ao sr. Queen que os problemas desta cidade", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00195-00182749-00182963": "não serão resolvidos com o dinheiro dele.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00196-00182963-00183103": "Que precisava se erguer", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00197-00183103-00183330": "e mostrar ser alguém que se importa.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00198-00183330-00183517": "<i>- Então onde está ele? - Tenente!</i>", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00199-00183517-00183827": "O Capuz foi visto na Avenida Lemire.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00200-00183827-00183977": "Vamos!", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00201-00184357-00184574": "Não sei onde Oliver Queen está.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00202-00184694-00184968": "O que sei é que ele não está aqui.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00203-00184968-00185278": "<i>Esta cidade está morrendo.</i>", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00204-00185278-00185655": "E precisa de alguém que se erga e traga novas esperanças.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00205-00185655-00185896": "E hoje, ficou dolorosamente óbvio", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00206-00185896-00186203": "que essa pessoa não é Oliver Queen.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00207-00186773-00187003": "Se alguém ficar no caminho, mate.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00208-00188328-00188462": "Vai!", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00209-00188582-00188889": "Te avisei. É hora de morrer.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00210-00189548-00189792": "<i>Chegando na posição do vigilante.</i>", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00211-00190536-00190766": "Não faz sentido.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00212-00190766-00191100": "Isso era pra ser vigilância ao vivo.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00213-00191100-00191300": "O que esse prédio está fazendo aqui?", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00214-00191300-00191474": "Ele foi destruído no terremoto.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00215-00191474-00191871": "<i>Quem poderia estar nos dando imagens antigas de vigilância?</i>", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00216-00193209-00193562": "A saúde já tem muitos problemas sem vocês, bandidos.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00217-00194730-00195117": "Você não é o único que pode trazer amigos!", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00218-00195968-00196165": "Estou limpo.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00219-00196616-00196802": "Um de nós está.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00220-00203215-00203449": "Vá em frente. Desperdice suas flechas.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00221-00203683-00203963": "Isso dói, mas não vai me parar.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00222-00204600-00204767": "Isso vai.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00223-00204847-00204991": "Dig?", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00224-00205131-00205298": "Diggle!", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00225-00208040-00208234": "Você mudou.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00226-00208411-00208698": "Teria me matado se não tivesse mudado.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00227-00208698-00209014": "A policia pode entregar o carregamento.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00228-00209015-00209445": "Eles ainda te veem como um inimigo.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00229-00209852-00210239": "Você nunca passará de um criminoso para eles.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00230-00210332-00210576": "O que significa que nunca será um herói.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00231-00210670-00210888": "Desde que a cidade esteja a salvo...", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00232-00210961-00211118": "Não importa.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00233-00212021-00212184": "<i>Depois de uma longa perseguição,</i>", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00234-00212184-00212410": "<i>a polícia prendeu Chien Na Wei.</i>", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00235-00212410-00212675": "<i>Um membro do alto escalão da tríade chinesa local,</i>", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00236-00212675-00212915": "<i>responsável pelos recentes roubos</i>", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00237-00212915-00213182": "<i>de remédios destinados ao Glades Memorial.</i>", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00238-00213182-00213489": "<i>Representantes elogiam os esforços da polícia</i>", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00239-00213489-00213759": "<i>que impediu que o hospital fosse fechado,</i>", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00240-00213759-00214202": "<i>mas algumas fontes dizem que o vigilante estava envolvido.</i>", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00241-00214202-00214355": "<i>Em outras notícias...</i>", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00242-00214355-00214540": "Eu estava prestes a cuidar dela.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00243-00214540-00214808": "Não precisava que suas flechas se metessem.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00244-00214938-00215321": "Não podia arriscar. Onde eu estaria sem meu motorista negro?", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00245-00215466-00215617": "Diggle!", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00246-00215810-00216037": "Sinto muito por você e a Carly.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00247-00216294-00216499": "Casais se separam.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00248-00216601-00216952": "Nem tudo o que acontece em Starling é culpa sua.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00249-00217012-00217194": "Estou aprendendo isso.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00250-00217194-00217499": "Quis dizer que sinto muito por não estar lá por você,", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00251-00217499-00217669": "porque eu devia estar.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00252-00217736-00217918": "Fiquei preso em meu próprio sofrimento", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00253-00217918-00218412": "que esqueci que outras pessoas poderiam estar sofrendo também.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00254-00218780-00219017": "Estamos muito perto de nos abraçarmos,", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00255-00219017-00219310": "então vou embora. Precisa de carona?", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00256-00219389-00219800": "Por ser um presidente, tenho que trabalhar um pouco.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00257-00219800-00219988": "Posso achar o meu caminho.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00258-00220109-00220265": "Você sempre acha.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00259-00220986-00221248": "Oliver Queen não aparecer em seu próprio evento", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00260-00221248-00221474": "<i>não deveria surpreender ninguém.</i>", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00261-00221475-00221758": "<i>Ele não é diferente do resto da elite de Starling,</i>", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00262-00221758-00222003": "<i>que falha em aparecer na hora acabar com o sofrimento</i>", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00263-00222003-00222262": "<i>daqueles que foram devastados no Glades.</i>", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00264-00222351-00222717": "<i>Oliver Queen não é amigo das pessoas dessa cidade.</i>", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00265-00223473-00223604": "Água.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00266-00225659-00225928": "Para esses homens, esse lugar poderia estar", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00267-00225928-00226164": "em qualquer uma das 150 ilhas.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00268-00226164-00226475": "Mas para alguém que conhece essa ilha como ninguém...", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00269-00226475-00226737": "Então, eles estão procurando por esse lugar.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00270-00226803-00227014": "- Por quê? - Essa é a questão.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00271-00227014-00227209": "Slade.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00272-00227209-00227363": "Aqui.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00273-00230541-00230733": "Os crânios estão deformados.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00274-00230926-00231179": "O que aconteceu com eles?", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00275-00231525-00231815": "Seja lá o que tenha sido, foi há mais de 60 anos.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00276-00231875-00232217": "Esses soldados pertencem ao exército imperial do Japão.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00277-00232368-00232596": "Estão aqui desde a Segunda Guerra Mundial.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00278-00232843-00233060": "Estamos deixando passar algo.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00279-00233060-00233309": "Não se vem para cá só pelos cadáveres.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00280-00236125-00236393": "- Tenho procurado por você. - Precisa parar.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00281-00236394-00236554": "Você salvou a minha vida!", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00282-00236773-00237003": "Me fez perceber que...", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00283-00237003-00237179": "não era exatamente uma vida.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00284-00237257-00237516": "Mas eu poderia fazer o que outros não podiam", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00285-00237516-00237730": "ou tinham muito medo de fazer.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00286-00237897-00238085": "Posso ajudar você a salvar a cidade.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00287-00238085-00238298": "- Você não é treinado. - Posso lutar.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00288-00238299-00238494": "Você pode apanhar.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00289-00238494-00238758": "- Existe uma diferença. - Então me ensine!", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00290-00238932-00239125": "Deixe-me ajudar você.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00291-00239197-00239431": "Está bem. Pode me ajudar.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00292-00239491-00239856": "Mas não enfrentando a tríade ou a polícia.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00293-00239856-00240018": "Então como?", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00294-00240018-00240277": "Para fazer o que faço, preciso de informação.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00295-00240350-00240598": "Você pode ser meus olhos e ouvidos no Glades.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00296-00240598-00240894": "É assim que poderá salvar a cidade.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00297-00240894-00241067": "Como falo com você?", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00298-00241442-00241639": "Deixe isso na parede do beco.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00299-00241639-00241879": "E vou saber quando falar com você.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00300-00242466-00242691": "Tem certeza que posso ficar com isso?", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00301-00243668-00243989": "Se eu quiser ficar com você, guardo isso ou devolvo?", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00302-00243989-00244184": "Você não foi muito clara.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00303-00244184-00244398": "- Tem certeza? - Sem mais brigas.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00304-00244484-00244860": "Se for para escolher entre ficar ou não com você,", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00305-00244860-00245084": "ficar com você ganhará toda vez.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00306-00245218-00245444": "Cansei de tentar ser um herói.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00307-00247540-00247780": "Mandei ficar longe de mim.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00308-00248002-00248165": "Achei que tivesse mudado de ideia", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00309-00248165-00248430": "depois que parei os homens que aterrorizavam a nossa cidade.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00310-00248430-00248719": "Esta não é a sua cidade. É seu campo de execução.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00311-00248719-00248901": "Os imitadores ainda estão vivos.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00312-00248901-00249118": "Tommy Merlyn não está.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00313-00249119-00249393": "Também perdi um amigo naquele dia.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00314-00249548-00250013": "Trocaria a minha vida pela dele.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00315-00250013-00250227": "Não se preocupe, a sua vida acabou.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00316-00250380-00250578": "Sua vida como um homem livre.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00317-00251388-00251592": "Mandei você ficar longe.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00318-00251592-00251823": "De algum modo, sabia que não ouviria.", "2PeW20O7SOQ-00319-00252006-00252319": "Legende conosco! @InSUBs www.insubs.com"}}, {"audio_id": "2PYJaF40lj4", "text": {"2PYJaF40lj4-00000-00012878-00012974": "Hello", "2PYJaF40lj4-00001-00013019-00013163": "How are you?", "2PYJaF40lj4-00002-00013166-00013244": "Good and you?", "2PYJaF40lj4-00003-00013246-00013326": "- Verry good!", "2PYJaF40lj4-00004-00013326-00013526": "I am a lawyer. I am working in the field of art law.", "2PYJaF40lj4-00005-00013847-00014244": "I work artists, galleries and museums.", "2PYJaF40lj4-00006-00014300-00015380": "The Italian law of copyright, doesn't make distinction between the methods of creation.", "2PYJaF40lj4-00007-00015912-00017104": "If artwork is created on a physical support we can consider existence of a copyright.", "2PYJaF40lj4-00008-00017288-00018416": "But in the case of illegal graffiti, the rights are linked to the method of creation.", "2PYJaF40lj4-00009-00019064-00020256": "If the artwork is created without the authorisation of the owner, we consider this creation ILLEGAL.", "2PYJaF40lj4-00010-00020256-00021200": "In this case the copyrights goes in favour to the owner.", "2PYJaF40lj4-00011-00021400-00022144": "If I am an artist and i do an artwork on the wall of somebody, without his permission,", "2PYJaF40lj4-00012-00022144-00022520": "the owner can use my artwork however he like.", "2PYJaF40lj4-00013-00022560-00023040": "The owner can decide to destroy the artwork,", "2PYJaF40lj4-00014-00023040-00023824": "or to allow an association, that will take down the artwork and bring it to a Museum."}}, {"audio_id": "2Q89XcTrKMc", "text": {"2Q89XcTrKMc-00000-00000032-00000296": "Hi, this is Cheryl in the CTLE.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00001-00000296-00000591": "We've had a few people stop in recently when", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00002-00000591-00001109": "their email from campus quit working on their iPhone.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00003-00001109-00001390": "Usually, this was after changing a password.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00004-00001390-00001685": "If you've gone into your email settings and tried to update", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00005-00001685-00002334": "your password and it's still not working, this is what you can do to fix it.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00006-00002334-00003124": "Go into your settings and scroll down until you see Mail.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00007-00003124-00003503": "Go into your Accounts and find the email account that isn't", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00008-00003503-00004480": "working, and just delete it from your phone.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00009-00004480-00004855": "Now we're going to add it again.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00010-00004855-00005571": "Your instinct would be to tap Google, but use Exchange instead.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00011-00005571-00006375": "Type in your full email address: your MEID at gccaz.edu,", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00012-00006375-00006877": "or if you use a different campus account, use that.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00013-00006877-00007147": "Type in your password.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00014-00007148-00007412": "Once you've added your password, edit the description.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00015-00007412-00007718": "\"Exchange\" isn't really very  helpful to tell you which email account", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00016-00007718-00008657": "this is, so you might want to make it GCC or GCC email, or whatever you prefer.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00017-00008657-00008977": "Tap Next.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00018-00008977-00009847": "In this space add \"m.google.com\" for your email server.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00019-00009848-00010095": "Leave the domain blank.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00020-00010095-00010796": "You'll need to add your username again, and that's the full email address:", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00021-00010796-00011297": "MEID at gccaz.edu.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00022-00011297-00011586": "Tap Next.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00023-00011586-00011916": "This screen is asking you what you would like to synchronize:", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00024-00011916-00012296": "your Mail, Contacts, Calendars, Reminders, or all of the above.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00025-00012296-00012721": "Personally, I don't sync my Contacts because I don't want every person that", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00026-00012721-00013313": "I email using my GCC account to be added onto my phone as a Contact.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00027-00013313-00013731": "So I typically just add the people that I want manually.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00028-00013731-00014294": "I do sync my Calendars, Reminders, and Mail.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00029-00014294-00014594": "When you're finished with these settings, Save, and you'll see", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00030-00014594-00014922": "a brief message that your account was added and then you'll see your account", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00031-00014922-00015316": "screen and it should have your account on it.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00032-00015316-00015856": "If push is turned on, where it says Fetch New Data, your account will begin syncing immediately.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00033-00015856-00016268": "[Email notification sound plays on phone] [ Cheryl ]: There: I just got some email.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00034-00016268-00016776": "Okay, let's get out of here.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00035-00016777-00017481": "We'll double check in my Mail that I now have GCC Email in the Inbox.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00036-00017481-00018111": "And I also have GCC email where I can look at", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00037-00018111-00018397": "my individual folders.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00038-00018397-00018594": "Great!", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00039-00018594-00018816": "Let's take a look at my Calendar.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00040-00018816-00019195": "I'll tap Calendars.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00041-00019195-00019562": "I can see -  oh it just updated.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00042-00019562-00020071": "So I do have my Calendar right here for GCC, and I can I can decide what", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00043-00020071-00020245": "color I want it to be.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00044-00020245-00020443": "Great stuff.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00045-00020443-00021144": "But with Calendars, I typically have access to other people's calendars,", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00046-00021144-00021430": "and to some shared calendars that we use in the CTLE.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00047-00021431-00021739": "I might want to sync a few of those to my phone as well.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00048-00021739-00021956": "So this is how you can do that.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00049-00021956-00024240": "Open up Safari and go to: m.google.com/sync/settings", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00050-00024240-00024880": "You'll need to put in your MEID at gccaz.edu. When you tap next,", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00051-00024880-00025292": "you'll be redirected to the Maricopa account login.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00052-00025293-00025540": "You know what to do here.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00053-00025540-00026804": "Add your MEID and password and sign in.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00054-00026804-00027291": "You'll see that I have two iPhones listed here.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00055-00027291-00027931": "Take a look at the date. One of them was synced last in 2013.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00056-00027931-00028348": "That's a phone that I no longer have, and haven't had for years.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00057-00028348-00028735": "You can also see that there was one synced today.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00058-00028735-00029286": "If you have a new phone and you don't see one with a recent sync", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00059-00029286-00029550": "you may need to refresh this page a few times.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00060-00029550-00029917": "But once your phone synchronizes fully with your Gmail", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00061-00029917-00030149": "account, you will see it here.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00062-00030149-00030567": "So tap a recently synchronized phone, and you'll", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00063-00030567-00030724": "get the Settings page.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00064-00030724-00031120": "This is where you can choose certain settings.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00065-00031120-00031480": "I like to enable \"Delete Email as Trash\"", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00066-00031480-00031966": "so that instead of archiving email that I want to delete, it actually goes to the", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00067-00031966-00032213": "Gmail Trash folder.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00068-00032213-00032642": "And then I like to enable \"Send Mail As\" for this device,", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00069-00032642-00032980": "so that I can switch between accounts.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00070-00032980-00033750": "And I want the CTLE Calendar, so that I can look at my phone and see what events", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00071-00033750-00033952": "are coming up for the day.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00072-00033952-00034226": "I manage our Media Studio, so I want to see that", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00073-00034226-00034571": "calendar from mobile as well.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00074-00034571-00034797": "But I don't need to see all the other room calendars,", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00075-00034797-00035226": "or who's using the Walking Workstation, or any number of these other calendars", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00076-00035226-00035394": "that I have access to.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00077-00035394-00035892": "So I select the ones that I want to sync, and I save the settings.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00078-00035892-00036276": "I want to log out of this page, but first I'd like to make sure it worked.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00079-00036276-00036982": "So I'll just hide Safari and reopen my calendar", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00080-00036982-00037260": "tap Calendars, and there they are.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00081-00037261-00037619": "It took a second for it to sync.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00082-00037619-00038142": "So now I can see in my calendar, events for these three things:", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00083-00038142-00038712": "I can see that media equipment was reserved today;", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00084-00038713-00039057": "when I'm eating lunch; that I'm supposed to be at the Wellness Fair right now.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00085-00039057-00039304": "I better get over there.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00086-00039304-00039749": "( laughs ) So now I can go back to Safari", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00087-00039749-00040031": "and sign out of that page.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00088-00040031-00040712": "And that, my friends, is how you can fix your connection issues with your", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00089-00040712-00041042": "Gmail account on your iPhone.", "2Q89XcTrKMc-00090-00041042-00041138": "Have a great day."}}, {"audio_id": "2QkUvG3fNag", "text": {"2QkUvG3fNag-00000-00000070-00000783": "A wiki is a website that allows visitors to add, remove, edit and change content, typically", "2QkUvG3fNag-00001-00000783-00001028": "without the need for registration.", "2QkUvG3fNag-00002-00001028-00001399": "It also allows for linking among any number of pages.", "2QkUvG3fNag-00003-00001399-00001953": "This ease of interaction and operation makes a wiki an effective tool for mass collaborative", "2QkUvG3fNag-00004-00001953-00002088": "authoring.", "2QkUvG3fNag-00005-00002088-00002671": "The term wiki also can refer to the collaborative software itself (wiki engine) that facilitates", "2QkUvG3fNag-00006-00002671-00003134": "the operation of such a site, or to certain specific wiki sites, including the computer", "2QkUvG3fNag-00007-00003134-00003729": "science site (the original wiki) WikiWikiWeb and online encyclopedias such as Wikipedia."}}, {"audio_id": "2Qtbo53N004", "text": {"2Qtbo53N004-00000-00000591-00001155": "This is unit two of our APA/MLA course where we're going to today focus on how to", "2Qtbo53N004-00001-00001155-00001689": "keep your writing, concise, clear and not to make people angry by writing the", "2Qtbo53N004-00002-00001689-00002152": "wrong kind of words. Then we're going to look at specific examples, sentence by", "2Qtbo53N004-00003-00002152-00002559": "sentence examples, which is going to be a little bit boring but very practical.", "2Qtbo53N004-00004-00002559-00003034": "Let's begin with continuity of presentation, that is how to make your", "2Qtbo53N004-00005-00003034-00003559": "writing clear. One important part of making your writing clear is punctuation.", "2Qtbo53N004-00006-00003559-00003897": "It's very important to get your punctuation correct. It's a little bit", "2Qtbo53N004-00007-00003897-00004291": "boring to learn, but I bet you've studied it before. The best way to do this is to", "2Qtbo53N004-00008-00004291-00004918": "read more to see how other people punctuate. To use more transition words,", "2Qtbo53N004-00009-00004918-00005311": "that really help your flow of your writing. So you use words like so,", "2Qtbo53N004-00010-00005311-00005851": "therefore, next, in conclusion. These are transitional words that really help you", "2Qtbo53N004-00011-00005851-00006418": "get the flow going. Sometimes you can say things like then, next, after, while", "2Qtbo53N004-00012-00006418-00007020": "since. These are really great words to help your writing move along. Therefore,", "2Qtbo53N004-00013-00007020-00007581": "consequently, as a result-- these are cause and effect words. Some A causes B,", "2Qtbo53N004-00014-00007581-00008100": "therefore. You can also have linking words like: in addition, moreover", "2Qtbo53N004-00015-00008100-00008739": "furthermore, similarly. You can have contrasting words: but, conversely", "2Qtbo53N004-00016-00008739-00009327": "nevertheless, however although. And you can have pronouns, of course we're going", "2Qtbo53N004-00017-00009327-00009750": "to use pronouns, but you know what pronouns are very easy to confuse the", "2Qtbo53N004-00018-00009750-00010588": "reader. So when you use pronouns that, he/she, that, they, those, these. When you", "2Qtbo53N004-00019-00010588-00011252": "use these pronouns, you need to be very clear what is it you're referring to.", "2Qtbo53N004-00020-00011284-00011835": "Smoothness of presentation is related to making your writing go smooth from", "2Qtbo53N004-00021-00011835-00012259": "point A to point B. And of course when we're doing our writing, we have words,", "2Qtbo53N004-00022-00012259-00012603": "sentences, and paragraphs. And when we talk about smoothness, we're talking", "2Qtbo53N004-00023-00012603-00013134": "about word to word, sentence to sentence, and even paragraph to paragraph. So this", "2Qtbo53N004-00024-00013134-00013676": "smoothness idea really covers your whole writing, beginning at the lowest level.", "2Qtbo53N004-00025-00013676-00014197": "How can you make your writing smoother? How can you improve it so that it reads", "2Qtbo53N004-00026-00014197-00014706": "smoother? One great way is to give it to someone else to read. So if you give it", "2Qtbo53N004-00027-00014706-00015388": "to a classmate or a colleague, they can give you some input. You can do something", "2Qtbo53N004-00028-00015388-00015729": "that is very common and very helpful, that is don't work on it for a while.", "2Qtbo53N004-00029-00015729-00016153": "If you're writing your thesis and you've written a chapter, put it away for a", "2Qtbo53N004-00030-00016153-00016543": "while. Do some other work, maybe change what you're doing. Maybe you're working", "2Qtbo53N004-00031-00016543-00017001": "the literature review, put that away. Work on methodology for a while, then after a", "2Qtbo53N004-00032-00017001-00017509": "few days come back and read it fresh. See it new. You'll be able to see that it's", "2Qtbo53N004-00033-00017509-00018120": "not smooth in some ways. You can make it better. Also you can just read the paper", "2Qtbo53N004-00034-00018120-00018657": "out loud, that is read it and speak it at the same time. This can really help you", "2Qtbo53N004-00035-00018657-00019188": "to hear the problems that your paper has. Another thing is you can read it and", "2Qtbo53N004-00036-00019188-00019618": "record it, and then listen to your recording, and you'd be surprised. It", "2Qtbo53N004-00037-00019618-00020500": "really helps you see where your writing can be made smoother. Avoid unnecessary", "2Qtbo53N004-00038-00020500-00021115": "shift in verb tense within the same paragraph or adjacent paragraph. Now", "2Qtbo53N004-00039-00021115-00021616": "this is a hard one to do because in English of course these verbs have your", "2Qtbo53N004-00040-00021616-00022234": "tents like future, present, past. And then it very easy to get confused, but in", "2Qtbo53N004-00041-00022234-00022729": "our research writing what I try to do is stick to one tense at least in every", "2Qtbo53N004-00042-00022729-00023143": "section of your paper. So the literature review will have one tense, the", "2Qtbo53N004-00043-00023143-00023659": "methodology will have one, the conclusions will have one. We're going to", "2Qtbo53N004-00044-00023659-00024142": "talk a little bit about that, a little bit more about that in a minute. So verb", "2Qtbo53N004-00045-00024142-00024528": "tense really helps the reader to read smoothly", "2Qtbo53N004-00046-00024528-00025181": "through your paper. Now some journals actually require that you keep your", "2Qtbo53N004-00047-00025181-00025806": "whole paper in one tense. Many journals good journals these days, require", "2Qtbo53N004-00048-00025806-00026295": "everything to be written in present tense. But the APA does not specify that.", "2Qtbo53N004-00049-00026295-00026937": "In fact, the APA is recommending that number one don't change tense a lot.", "2Qtbo53N004-00050-00026937-00027308": "Don't have one paragraph that's past tense and the next paragraph is present", "2Qtbo53N004-00051-00027308-00027711": "tense.Rather you can have your literature review is past tense because", "2Qtbo53N004-00052-00027711-00028368": "reviewing research that happened before, and then your results could be present", "2Qtbo53N004-00053-00028368-00028824": "tense, since the results are now and your discussion could be present tense since", "2Qtbo53N004-00054-00028824-00029874": "it's happening now. Literature review and description of the procedure-- This can be", "2Qtbo53N004-00055-00029874-00030620": "in past tense. So, for example, \"Smith showed\" something. So they can be in past", "2Qtbo53N004-00056-00030620-00031214": "because it's past research. Present perfect answers are also okay acceptable:", "2Qtbo53N004-00057-00031214-00031863": "\"Researchers have shown\". So again that's in the present perfect tense: \"Researchers", "2Qtbo53N004-00058-00031863-00032620": "have shown.\" In the results section of your paper, you would be using past tense:", "2Qtbo53N004-00059-00032620-00033132": "\"Anxiety decreased significantly.\" And then in the implications and conclusion", "2Qtbo53N004-00060-00033132-00033555": "section, you would be using the present tense. The results of the experiment", "2Qtbo53N004-00061-00033555-00034113": "indicate. results of experiment to indicate right now. This is a rule of", "2Qtbo53N004-00062-00034113-00034557": "thumb. It doesn't mean you have to do this all of the time. It doesn't mean", "2Qtbo53N004-00063-00034557-00034997": "that you you cannot change it to be another way. It's possible you could", "2Qtbo53N004-00064-00034997-00035478": "change to a different way, especially if your school, your professor or your", "2Qtbo53N004-00065-00035478-00035856": "journal you're targeting specifically tell you something different. And", "2Qtbo53N004-00066-00035856-00036353": "whenever I publish to a journal, they always have very clear rules about this,", "2Qtbo53N004-00067-00036353-00036894": "and that's what I follow, even if I feel that it doesn't make sense to me or it's", "2Qtbo53N004-00068-00036894-00037208": "a little bit different than APA.", "2Qtbo53N004-00069-00037284-00037710": "One thing you can do to help your writing be smooth is used hyphenation.", "2Qtbo53N004-00070-00037710-00038412": "Hyphenation is that little dash in your keyboard, and this can be used when you", "2Qtbo53N004-00071-00038412-00039021": "have very complex or complicated words that come in a series. So for example,", "2Qtbo53N004-00072-00039021-00039633": "here we say a control hyphen question. Notice the hyphen has no space before", "2Qtbo53N004-00073-00039633-00040482": "and no space after. So a hyphen is this very short, very short mark here... (let me see", "2Qtbo53N004-00074-00040482-00041382": "if I could circle that. Let my pen go in here. This one) Right here, you see that's a hyphen,", "2Qtbo53N004-00075-00041382-00042324": "hyphen, very short just like this. My dash is longer or dashes. Two hyphens together", "2Qtbo53N004-00076-00042324-00043458": "make a dash, so a dash is not on your keyboard. D-a-s-h. A dash is not on", "2Qtbo53N004-00077-00043458-00044034": "your keyboard, but when you type two hyphens together, Microsoft Word and", "2Qtbo53N004-00078-00044034-00044363": "other programs will automatically change it into a dash. But we're talking about", "2Qtbo53N004-00079-00044363-00044855": "here is not a dash. It's the short one. It's the hyphen. That is on your keyboard.", "2Qtbo53N004-00080-00044855-00045647": "So you can combine words like control and question. Basically, it's a", "2Qtbo53N004-00081-00045647-00046293": "complicated idea, but it is a thing, so you combine it together to be a single", "2Qtbo53N004-00082-00046293-00047394": "thing. Here's another example: \"an expanded- issue\", expanded issue. Because this is a", "2Qtbo53N004-00083-00047394-00048024": "thing, so this is a noun basically. We're combining it together to make it clear", "2Qtbo53N004-00084-00048024-00048774": "that this is a one thing, \"a control- question, right? an expanded-issue control-", "2Qtbo53N004-00085-00048774-00049500": "question technique. Now what we're saying here is that expanded-issue control", "2Qtbo53N004-00086-00049500-00049980": "question technique. This is a some kind of methodology, some kind of method. If we", "2Qtbo53N004-00087-00049980-00050508": "did not use these hyphens, the user would be easily confused because they would", "2Qtbo53N004-00088-00050508-00051105": "read: \"An expanded issues control question\" So these", "2Qtbo53N004-00089-00051105-00051572": "are four words in a row, and you begin to get confused. What is it we're talking", "2Qtbo53N004-00090-00051572-00052154": "about? Is this expanded control question? Where is this expanded question? So by", "2Qtbo53N004-00091-00052154-00052857": "using the hyphen, you clearly help the reader see how these go together, and these two", "2Qtbo53N004-00092-00052857-00053495": "go together here, and that makes more sense. So hyphens are a great way to help", "2Qtbo53N004-00093-00053495-00054173": "your writing this complex ideas be a little bit smoother to read."}}, {"audio_id": "2QyhngcaPWy", "text": {"2QyhngcaPWy-00000-00000000-00000050": "I don't own any rights to the video please  don't sue me EA", "2QyhngcaPWy-00001-00000050-00000656": "The pan sound isn't here", "2QyhngcaPWy-00002-00000656-00001079": "The pan sound is almost here", "2QyhngcaPWy-00003-00001079-00001135": "The pan sound is here", "2QyhngcaPWy-00004-00001135-00001335": "The pan sound is no longer here"}}, {"audio_id": "2QBjiAAVqGQ", "text": {"2QBjiAAVqGQ-00000-00000000-00000200": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00001-00000200-00000400": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00002-00000400-00000600": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00003-00000600-00000800": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", 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"2QBjiAAVqGQ-00151-00030200-00030400": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00152-00030400-00030600": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00153-00030600-00030800": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00154-00030800-00031000": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00155-00031000-00031200": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00156-00031200-00031400": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00157-00031400-00031600": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00158-00031600-00031800": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00159-00031800-00032000": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00160-00032000-00032200": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00161-00032200-00032400": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00162-00032400-00032600": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहा��ी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00163-00032600-00032800": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00164-00032800-00033000": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00165-00033000-00033200": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00166-00033200-00033400": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00167-00033400-00033600": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00168-00033600-00033800": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00169-00033800-00034000": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00170-00034000-00034200": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00171-00034200-00034400": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00172-00034400-00034600": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00173-00034600-00034800": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00174-00034800-00035000": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00175-00035000-00035200": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00176-00035200-00035400": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00177-00035400-00035600": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00178-00035600-00035800": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00179-00035800-00036000": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00180-00036000-00036200": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00181-00036200-00036400": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00182-00036400-00036600": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00183-00036600-00036800": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00184-00036800-00037000": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00185-00037000-00037200": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00186-00037200-00037400": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00187-00037400-00037600": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00188-00037600-00037800": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा", "2QBjiAAVqGQ-00189-00037800-00038000": "आइए सुनते हैं Writer Kavita Verma से उनकी कहानी विदा"}}, {"audio_id": "2QLOFK-KROE", "text": {"2QLOFK-KROE-00000-00000016-00000448": "Hi, I'm Aiden Bettine, Community and Student Life Archivist in the University of Iowa", "2QLOFK-KROE-00001-00000448-00000872": "Libraries Special Collections & Archives. And I'm sitting in front of the Raising Our Voices", "2QLOFK-KROE-00002-00000872-00001464": "theme at the We Are Hawkeyes exhibit. And what this theme and exhibit case behind me shares", "2QLOFK-KROE-00003-00001464-00002072": "is a long legacy of protest of the University of Iowa campus, from the 1960s to the present.", "2QLOFK-KROE-00004-00002136-00002800": "And what I think most people remember and know and hear about in the legacy of protest on our campus", "2QLOFK-KROE-00005-00002800-00003304": "is particularly the Vietnam and the anti-Vietnam War protests that happened on campus. Students", "2QLOFK-KROE-00006-00003304-00003872": "were protesting the draft, they were protesting the use of Dow Chemicals, they were protesting the", "2QLOFK-KROE-00007-00003872-00004528": "ROTC and the Marines and their presence on campus in the late 1960s. And I think a lot of people", "2QLOFK-KROE-00008-00004528-00005184": "assume that protest got quiet on our campus in the decades that followed the 1960s and early 1970s.", "2QLOFK-KROE-00009-00005296-00005880": "We don't hear as much about the 1980s and the 90s, and this exhibit certainly tells a different tale.", "2QLOFK-KROE-00010-00005952-00006559": "There's a variety of local, national, and even global issues that students are protesting", "2QLOFK-KROE-00011-00006559-00007176": "throughout all of these decades on our campus. And what this theme in this exhibit really argues", "2QLOFK-KROE-00012-00007176-00007600": "is that a) campus has never been quiet when it comes to students raising their", "2QLOFK-KROE-00013-00007600-00008120": "voices for causes they care about, and b) that the Pentacrest is a site to gather.", "2QLOFK-KROE-00014-00008208-00008672": "And the Pentacrest as a place certainly blurs the lines between our campus and our community,", "2QLOFK-KROE-00015-00008672-00009216": "and the ways that protest bring together students and community members in Iowa City: to protest", "2QLOFK-KROE-00016-00009216-00009744": "what they care most about and to be ensured that they're heard, both by the university and the", "2QLOFK-KROE-00017-00009744-00010232": "city, and the State of Iowa. And so it's really exciting to be able to share this long legacy,", "2QLOFK-KROE-00018-00010296-00010728": "and I encourage you to come check out the exhibit or view the virtual exhibit to see the specific", "2QLOFK-KROE-00019-00010728-00011384": "details on all the different causes students have cared about, really throughout the last 60 years."}}, {"audio_id": "2RB03-yomXo", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "2Re_DJtEemE", "text": {"2Re_DJtEemE-00010-00002122-00002172": "Hi all Babe", "2Re_DJtEemE-00013-00002272-00002322": "Today I want to talk about this mascara", "2Re_DJtEemE-00015-00002372-00002422": "of Essence and it is the instant volume", "2Re_DJtEemE-00017-00002472-00002522": "boost Power.", "2Re_DJtEemE-00020-00002622-00002672": "He says he is a volumizing mascara Booster", "2Re_DJtEemE-00022-00002722-00002772": "and promises to be ready in 10 seconds.", "2Re_DJtEemE-00027-00002972-00003022": "The package is a 14 ml and the price is 4.95 euros.", "2Re_DJtEemE-00032-00003222-00003272": "First of all I must say that it is a very black", "2Re_DJtEemE-00035-00003372-00003422": "mascara with a very intense color so it may be true", "2Re_DJtEemE-00038-00003522-00003572": "that it is ready in 10 seconds because for example", "2Re_DJtEemE-00041-00003672-00003722": "for a light makeup by day enough a face base", "2Re_DJtEemE-00044-00003822-00003872": "a mascara pass and the look changes immediately .", "2Re_DJtEemE-00049-00004072-00004122": "The formula is volumizing and you really", "2Re_DJtEemE-00052-00004222-00004272": "see the difference but I must say that with", "2Re_DJtEemE-00055-00004372-00004422": "a couple of passes it is also beautiful extending.", "2Re_DJtEemE-00060-00004622-00004672": "The texture is quite full-bodied that allows it", "2Re_DJtEemE-00063-00004772-00004822": "to be volumizing makes it possible to do a couple", "2Re_DJtEemE-00066-00004922-00004972": "of passes for the day I do only one Then", "2Re_DJtEemE-00069-00005072-00005122": "if you want an intense makeup I make two", "2Re_DJtEemE-00072-00005222-00005272": "or at most three not more than three", "2Re_DJtEemE-00075-00005372-00005422": "because after the formula becomes too doughy", "2Re_DJtEemE-00078-00005522-00005572": "on the eyelashes and let's make lumps or stick them.", "2Re_DJtEemE-00083-00005772-00005822": "once applied the mascara remains in place", "2Re_DJtEemE-00086-00005922-00005972": "does not crumble during the day", "2Re_DJtEemE-00089-00006072-00006122": "do not detach the pieces do not weigh down", "2Re_DJtEemE-00092-00006222-00006272": "the eyelashes and even in case of slight tearing", "2Re_DJtEemE-00095-00006372-00006422": "does not melt and does not crack even if", "2Re_DJtEemE-00098-00006522-00006572": "it is not a waterproof mascara.", "2Re_DJtEemE-00228-00013022-00013072": "Obviously I did not try for example in the shower", "2Re_DJtEemE-00231-00013172-00013222": "but with the eye that teared slightly did not give me", "2Re_DJtEemE-00235-00013372-00013422": "any kind of problems.", "2Re_DJtEemE-00240-00013622-00013672": "In the evening it is easily removed", "2Re_DJtEemE-00243-00013772-00013822": "with any biphasic eye makeup remover", "2Re_DJtEemE-00246-00013922-00013972": "or an oil or butter without breaking", "2Re_DJtEemE-00249-00014072-00014122": "the eyelashes or detaching them", "2Re_DJtEemE-00254-00014322-00014372": "A mascara that I really liked so much", "2Re_DJtEemE-00257-00014472-00014522": "I can tell you that once it was drying", "2Re_DJtEemE-00260-00014622-00014672": "on the bottom but I saw that there", "2Re_DJtEemE-00263-00014772-00014822": "was still some product I applied", "2Re_DJtEemE-00266-00014922-00014972": "a few drops of eye drops to go out", "2Re_DJtEemE-00269-00015072-00015122": "to use it until the end.", "2Re_DJtEemE-00274-00015322-00015372": "Surely it is a product that I recommend is", "2Re_DJtEemE-00277-00015472-00015522": "because I found it really good above", "2Re_DJtEemE-00280-00015622-00015672": "all I saw the value for money.", "2Re_DJtEemE-00285-00015872-00015922": "Let me know if you have tried this product", "2Re_DJtEemE-00288-00016022-00016072": "and how you found it.", "2Re_DJtEemE-00293-00016272-00016322": "As always I hope to have been useful", "2Re_DJtEemE-00296-00016422-00016472": "and if you liked the video put a like", "2Re_DJtEemE-00299-00016572-00016622": "subscribe to the channel and I also recommend", "2Re_DJtEemE-00302-00016722-00016772": "to click on the bell so you will be notified", "2Re_DJtEemE-00305-00016872-00016922": "and every time I load a new beauty review", "2Re_DJtEemE-00308-00017022-00017072": "of make up low cost.", "2Re_DJtEemE-00313-00017272-00017322": "See you next bye"}}, {"audio_id": "2SpX5zlYgt0", "text": {"2SpX5zlYgt0-00000-00001000-00001845": "To use Saffi, you must enable the AMS service first.  Click the bottom-left corner and enable the AMS Service.", "2SpX5zlYgt0-00001-00001945-00002800": "Please enter the password of admin to enable AMS Service.  The default password for Admin is \"admin.\"  Click [Send] to complete.", "2SpX5zlYgt0-00002-00002950-00003350": "Use the remote control and press the [Voice command] key to activate Saffi.", "2SpX5zlYgt0-00003-00003470-00003700": "The screen will show the privacy agreement.  Select AGREE AND NEXT to proceed.", "2SpX5zlYgt0-00004-00003733-00004200": "It will then show the instruction for the setup.  Follow the instruction on the screen to complete the setup.", "2SpX5zlYgt0-00005-00004220-00004851": "Download and install Alexa app on your phone. Search Saffi and enable it.", "2SpX5zlYgt0-00006-00004878-00005270": "Sign in to your Amazon account.", "2SpX5zlYgt0-00007-00005302-00006000": "The setup is completed. Press the [Voice command] key and speak the commands to start using Saffi.  You can speak to Saffi to \"List commands\" to show what Saffi can do for you."}}, {"audio_id": "2Stw-oXWiCU", "text": {"2Stw-oXWiCU-00000-00001182-00001882": "Hi everybody. It's kind of hard because of the way this room is designed and how I have", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00001-00002336-00002865": "to talk. So I am going to turn my back for a minute and I need the people who are online", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00002-00002865-00003111": "to tell me if you guys can still hear me. If I stand like this? Can you guys hear me", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00003-00003112-00004032": "when I am talking this way or is it muffled and weird?", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00004-00005309-00006009": "Ok Cool. Ok. Great. I just happen to be loud enough for this to work. So this is, my name is Amanda Clossen and I'm the", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00005-00006101-00006801": "learning design librarian with Library Learning Services. So this session on LionSearch and", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00006-00006850-00007550": "The CAT is done both in person here at University Park. I'm in 140 in the Knowledge Commons", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00007-00007575-00008065": "with a few folks and of course it's going to be online. So I am going to ask the people", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00008-00008065-00008765": "in the room that when you are discussing something with me that either I have to convey it to", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00009-00008811-00009511": "everyone online or Rita has to type it to them, so make sure that you speak deliberately", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00010-00009672-00010211": "and slow or if you have a question and maybe when you are asking it, you could also type", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00011-00010211-00010911": "it on the Adobe Connect. That would be even more fantastic.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00012-00010992-00011582": "Folks that are online, if you get confused, because there is some stuff going on in the room that you don't understand,", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00013-00011582-00012282": "just give a yell and Rita will notice on chat and we will try to make sure that you're included", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00014-00012300-00012813": "in this conversation. Having these connect sessions, I've been working on them with the", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00015-00012813-00013226": "Community of Practice as well, it's a little bit of a challenge to bring everyone together", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00016-00013226-00013822": "this way, but we'll figure it out. We're getting better. So, anyway, I am going to be talking", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00017-00013822-00014522": "about LionSearch and the CAT today and I want to start out by saying I am not a cataloger", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00018-00014565-00015065": "nor am I in tech services. So there's some questions about LionSearch and The CAT that", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00019-00015065-00015645": "I simply cannot answer. I don't create the metadata and I haven't done anything cataloging-related", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00020-00015645-00016345": "since I was like 24. So it's been a while. So, that being said hopefully", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00021-00016498-00017452": "if you have any questions I'll be able to help you and this is, these are more like. Well, let's just get started.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00022-00017503-00018066": "So the first thing that I'd really like you guys to keep in mind about", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00023-00018066-00018566": "searching either in LionSearch or the CAT is that research is an iterative process. That means", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00024-00018566-00019104": "that when you're doing research it's going to take more than one try typically to get", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00025-00019104-00019698": "what you want. It's not like a scientific method where if you just figure out the right", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00026-00019698-00020181": "formula, you will automatically just get all the results that you need. That's not the way", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00027-00020181-00020713": "that it works. So with that in mind, research skills also improve with practice. And practice", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00028-00020713-00021266": "with a specific tool. Using Google a lot is not going to make you better at LionSearch.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00029-00021266-00021784": "Using LionSearch constantly isn't going to make you better at using the CAT. So if you", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00030-00021784-00022200": "want to get better at using these or helping people use them, you're going to have to use", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00031-00022200-00022784": "them yourself. And lastly, it's really important that when you're doing research or helping", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00032-00022784-00023279": "a student do research that you choose the right tool for the job. And we are going to", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00033-00023279-00023768": "be talking about that in a little bit more detail, but LionSearch and the CAT can't cover", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00034-00023768-00024247": "everything. If you have a student who wants to know the population of China you should", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00035-00024247-00024841": "be using a different resource other than LionSearch or The CAT. You should be using some kind", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00036-00024841-00025537": "of reference resource whether it's like the CIA World Factbook or even Wikipedia. You're", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00037-00025537-00026116": "going to find things more quickly that way for things that are just asking very straight", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00038-00026116-00026816": "up fact-type questions. So with that in mind, we are going to move forward. would", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00039-00027095-00027401": "And what I'd  like you guys to do - and I have it written here that you should have a partner, but since", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00040-00027401-00027972": "most of you are online, just throw the partner part out the window. What I'd like you to", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00041-00027972-00028545": "do is try to address this situation. So you are at the desk and a student asks for a book", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00042-00028545-00029077": "about Cat Training. And when I say Cat Training I mean a pet. Like they are trying to train", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00043-00029077-00029557": "their cat to walk on a leash or something like that. They want a book on that. So what", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00044-00029557-00030116": "I want you to do is go through the process of helping your student and I want you to", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00045-00030116-00030747": "either use LionSearch or The CAT. Be prepared to talk about what you chose and how it worked.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00046-00030747-00031360": "So essentially try a search and then for those of you online tell me how it worked in the", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00047-00031360-00031727": "chat. Everyone could actually do that, that might be a little bit easier and then we are", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00048-00031727-00032427": "going to go through the search together. <<Working on search until 8:01>>", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00049-00047992-00048952": "Again, once you've done your search, if you want to share with us what you did, that would be great.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00050-00055874-00056434": "OK, so it looks like Linda used the CAT and she started by searching for Training Cats as her key words.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00051-00056628-00057190": "Rita did something very similar", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00052-00057758-00058779": "and it looks like Glenn also searched for Cat Training in the CAT and searched for only books.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00053-00058791-00059491": "So why don't we try to emulate the search and see for ourselves up here.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00054-00059614-00060314": "So if you click on Search The CAT and then you can see I searched before, we'll just search for", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00055-00060396-00061096": "the first search we had which was Cats Training or Training Cats rather. And when we search for that", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00056-00061122-00061954": "the first result is Puppies and Kittens 1st Edition, which while adorable doesn't", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00057-00061967-00062852": "seem to be about training cats, however to be sure what we can do is click on the title", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00058-00062869-00063470": "and then click on the link that says detailed information. For many books, this is going", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00059-00063470-00064104": "to give you a lot of information about the books. It depends on the metadata, of course,", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00060-00064104-00064525": "that is the data about the books that is put into the catalog. Some is more elaborate than", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00061-00064525-00065188": "others, but for this book, if we scroll down, we can see the table of contents. So these", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00062-00065190-00065739": "are the chapters which based on what these chapters seem to be saying, like Playtime", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00063-00065739-00066411": "Puppy and one called Meow, this is a book for children. But if there was any question,", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00064-00066411-00067010": "if I scrolled down I could see that the subject is Puppies - Juvenile Literature and", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00065-00067010-00067814": "Kittens-Juvenile Literature, so this is probably not a book that would be particularly useful to me.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00066-00067906-00068298": "However, it is useful to note that if you click on this description tab or detailed", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00067-00068299-00068738": "information tab, you can find out a lot of information about the book that you are looking", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00068-00068738-00069260": "for and this can be particularly helpful because people try to be witty when they are titling books.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00069-00069260-00069825": "Often times, the title of the book can have absolutely nothing to do with what", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00070-00069825-00070255": "the book is actually about. So being able to look at the contents is really important.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00071-00070255-00071157": "But, this isn't getting us what we need. So if we go back, and I scroll down through a", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00072-00071163-00071566": "little bit more, a lot of these books are talking about behavioral problems for dogs", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00073-00071566-00072208": "and cats, but it's kind of not necessarily what I'm looking for. I would like something", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00074-00072208-00072795": "for my student that's a little bit more focused. So, I am going to try something different", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00075-00072795-00073847": "in The CAT. If I click Go Back, instead of looking for Cats Training anywhere, I am going", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00076-00073856-00074876": "to change it to Topic: Title + Subject. That means I am only going to search for Cats Training", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00077-00074886-00076016": "in the subject like for instance Cats - Juvenile Literature that was the subject or the title", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00078-00076031-00076641": "of the book. What this can do is try to get you results that are a little bit more relevant.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00079-00076641-00077626": "So I am going to hit search here and again I'm getting results that are a lot of children's", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00080-00077644-00078896": "books, but then if I scroll down a little bit further, I find a book called No Naughty", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00081-00078912-00079489": "Cats: the first complete guide to intelligent cat training, and this looks a little more", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00082-00079489-00080032": "promising. So if I click on that item and I look at the detailed information. This one", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00083-00080032-00080672": "doesn't have nearly as much metadata, but what it does have are a couple of things.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00084-00080672-00081430": "First of all, the subject is Cats--Training. There is actually a subject term for the training", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00085-00081437-00082321": "of cats. What these subjects are - is they are essentially tags that are created by catalogers", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00086-00082329-00082786": "and the Library of Congress - they are Library of Congress subject headings and the Library", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00087-00082786-00083344": "of Congress has standardized these. So no matter what catalog you're looking at, these", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00088-00083344-00083973": "should all be the same. So if I click on Cats--Training, I can see what other books we have on that", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00089-00083973-00084616": "topic. There’s two. There's the one we originally found and there’s How to Speak Cat, which", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00090-00084616-00085264": "just looking at the cover image looks like it's a book for children, but if I click on", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00091-00085264-00085964": "it, and then I checked the detailed information, I can see that this is juvenile literature.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00092-00086192-00086968": "If we go back to our original useful book, the books in our library are organized by", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00093-00086980-00087630": "subject and so when you find a book physically, the books around it will often be on the same", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00094-00087630-00088264": "topic. And The CAT allows us to browse this very easily. So if I click on Nearby Items", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00095-00088264-00089192": "on Shelf, I see many other books about essentially the care of cats. There are only two book", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00096-00089195-00089787": "on Cat Training and they are in different locations, because one is a children's book.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00097-00089787-00090617": "However, they could also be relevant to this student. Some of them are about feral cats", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00098-00090632-00091332": "and then we get into fish and a wild snail, so it's deviating a little bit, but the type", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00099-00091337-00091845": "of library we are, we don't really have a need to collect a large number of books on", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00100-00091845-00092506": "Cat Training. So it's not really surprising that we don’t have a huge number. So now,", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00101-00092506-00093064": "nobody used LionSearch, but I use LionSearch all the time, and actually it's my preferred", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00102-00093064-00093663": "method of doing searches in the library because I find that it is a little bit easier for", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00103-00093663-00094385": "me to use. But like I said, research being an iterative process, you need to find out", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00104-00094401-00095047": "what works best for you. If you like browsing and using subject headings, then the catalog", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00105-00095047-00095880": "is probably going to be very effective. So if I search for Cats Training here, because", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00106-00095884-00096802": "the catalog pretty much only searches books, and movies, and journals, whole journals that", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00107-00096818-00097324": "we have (it searches other things too, but) for something like Cat Training you're not", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00108-00097324-00097964": "going to come across things that aren't books for the most part. But because of that, I", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00109-00097964-00098472": "didn't really limit based on content type. However, LionSearch kind of is searching a", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00110-00098472-00099089": "whole lot other than, and you can see over here, just be these little icons. These are", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00111-00099089-00099670": "journal articles, there's a book, more journals articles, this little n, on a thing that looks", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00112-00099670-00100139": "like an article means that it's from a newspaper. So what I need to do first of all is limit", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00113-00100139-00101215": "this to only books. So if I select book or eBook, then I'll only be searching for books", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00114-00101235-00101812": "that are about Cat Training. And as you can see, where as our results in The CAT, the", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00115-00101812-00102685": "first result was not the most relevant, it gave me the only book on Cat Training in the", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00116-00102699-00103332": "library holdings came up. Now a bunch of other stuff came up too, which can be a problem", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00117-00103332-00103817": "and confusing. So you need to make yourself aware that when you see a book in LionSearch,", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00118-00103817-00104414": "look underneath it. That has the location of the book. So in this case, this book's", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00119-00104414-00105046": "a York. Now that's not a problem, you can order that book very easily. So if I were", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00120-00105046-00105510": "simply using LionSearch in the beginning and I wanted to see about this book, I could just", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00121-00105510-00106040": "click on the title and it has a little bit of information, but it's not nearly as detailed", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00122-00106040-00106740": "as the, it doesn't have really  the subject headings actually as the catalog record. Now I could", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00123-00106754-00107227": "just request the book from York from here using the I Want It button, but I probably", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00124-00107227-00107608": "want to make sure the book is relevant for my student first, so if I click on View in", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00125-00107608-00108110": "Classic Catalog it's going to take me to The CAT, because The CAT is better for looking", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00126-00108110-00108757": "at the details of books. So again, I can go to the detailed information tab and I can", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00127-00108757-00109245": "click on the I Want It button. So under the I Want It button, choosing a pick-up location.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00128-00109245-00109837": "If the student is at University Park, which I'm assuming we are because I am University", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00129-00109837-00110332": "Park. I would select the Pattee Commons Services Desk 90% of the time and then just hit Place", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00130-00110332-00110952": "Hold. In 2-3 business days, the book will arrive and the student will receive an email", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00131-00110952-00111321": "telling them to pick it up. Any of you who work at Commons Services Desk know all about this.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00132-00111321-00112260": "However, I find that LionSearch is a bit better at finding items; at searching.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00133-00112329-00112808": "However, you still need to go to The CAT. But this, underneath this there are other", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00134-00112808-00113440": "books, this one also seems like an adult book on cat training, but if you look, you can see that all we have", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00135-00113440-00114065": "is the citation online. That means that this book has been indexed; someone has talked", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00136-00114065-00114658": "about what it's about and made it available for researchers to find, so they can get it", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00137-00114658-00115053": "somewhere else. But this book would not be available in the library's holdings, it would", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00138-00115053-00115555": "have to be requested through InterLibrary Loan. So make sure when you are looking at", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00139-00115555-00116255": "results, avoid ones that say citation online. To do that, a good practice if you only want", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00140-00116267-00116967": "books that are available, you can click on Library Location and then select your library.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00141-00117427-00117776": "For instance, I'm going to select University Park here. I wanted to see if there was a", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00142-00117776-00118664": "way to avoid - there's University Park, it's hiding. Oh, Pattee Library, there we go.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00143-00119014-00119523": "There isn't a University Park option. Yes, that's true. There is no University Park option for", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00144-00119523-00120223": "the LionSearch which is annoying. There's also no, an option where in those big lists,", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00145-00120427-00121024": "you could select things that you wanted, or you could exclude items or places or whatever,", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00146-00121024-00121673": "you can no longer do that. Which is the worst, but we don't own LionSearch, we pay for it,", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00147-00121673-00122169": "so there's only so much we can do about that. When I look in books that are only in University", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00148-00122169-00122829": "Park, although the books are there, both the physical book and the online citation, the", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00149-00122829-00123251": "book that I wanted, the one that was about Cat Training, is not here because that book's", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00150-00123251-00123951": "a York. So just be aware of these kind of things. But going back, I'm sort of getting", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00151-00123970-00125178": "ahead of myself a little bit here. So I want to talk about the differences and the definitions", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00152-00125192-00126380": "of LionSearch and The CAT. LionSearch, even though I may have already referred to it as", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00153-00126390-00127090": "a database, but it's not. I call it a database when I'm teaching simply because it is too", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00154-00127133-00127787": "confusing to try to explain to students what a discovery layer or discovery service is.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00155-00127787-00128765": "However, for you guys, it might be useful to know. Essentially, a database is a collection", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00156-00128775-00129402": "of citations that have been indexed, sometimes full text, sometimes not. A discovery service", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00157-00129402-00130102": "is a layer that is put on top of kind of your library website that allows all these databases", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00158-00130108-00130624": "to be connected. So LionSearch does not search every single database we have. For instance,", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00159-00130624-00131324": "PsychInfo, which is a very powerful psychology database, is not indexed by LionSearch so", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00160-00131367-00131844": "results within PsychInfo could not be found using LionSearch. There are other things like", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00161-00131844-00132664": "that too. And we don't really have any control over that. Just know that when you are searching", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00162-00132671-00133371": "LionSearch, you are searching probably about 500 databases at once and that's a lot. Secondly,", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00163-00133384-00133844": "LionSearch is enormous! So because it's so enormous,", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00164-00133845-00134545": "because we are searching so many databases at once, it means that more specific queries produce better results.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00165-00134674-00135458": "Now Cat Training is pretty limited in scope, so we could make it by with a single concept, but typically,", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00166-00135485-00135963": "if you were trying to use LionSearch, having more than one concept means you are likely", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00167-00135963-00136729": "to get much, much better results. And lastly, with that in mind, you want to limit your", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00168-00136742-00137410": "results as much as possible. Limits we applied were: we limited to books, we limited to a", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00169-00137410-00137995": "specific library, there are other limits too like gate or type of information, because", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00170-00137995-00138913": "again, it's enormous. The CAT on the other hand is the library's OPAC which stands for", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00171-00138925-00139371": "Online Public Access Catalog and I am going to get on a soapbox here for a minute and", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00172-00139371-00139874": "say it would be really, really awesome if all libraries catalogs were just called OPACs", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00173-00139874-00140562": "or just called catalogs but instead we all name one these clever little things and what", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00174-00140562-00141152": "that means is students don't know what they are from one institution to another, but it's", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00175-00141152-00141938": "the same. Almost every library that has any sort of automation has one of these.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00176-00141940-00142621": "So it covers our physical and sometimes virtual holdings. So books are in The CAT, some eBooks,", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00177-00142621-00143058": "not all. If you want to know why we can't find all the eBooks, you should talk to Jeff", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00178-00143058-00143647": "Edmunds, he can do a lovely presentation on it, but it's kind of over my head. Not all", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00179-00143647-00144300": "of our eBook collections are findable in The CAT as far as I know. Additionally, there", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00180-00144300-00145000": "are things like journals that we have access to, things like that.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00181-00145122-00145734": "You should avoid doing title searches in The CAT unless it's for like a book or a video. If you're searching", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00182-00145734-00146409": "for the title of an article, you are not going to find it - articles are not indexed. And", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00183-00146409-00147074": "personally I believe that The CAT is not particularly great at searching. For instance, if you type", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00184-00147074-00147658": "something in, you just copy that title and paste it in, if that title has a hyphen or", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00185-00147658-00148273": "a colon, it could really mess up your search results. However, as you've seen, The CAT", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00186-00148273-00148973": "is wonderful at browsing and very good at providing descriptions. So, use accordingly.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00187-00149122-00149822": "So, I have talked enough. I want you to try another search based on what we've learned so far.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00188-00149863-00150290": "A student has come to the desk and they are asking for information on transgender", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00189-00150290-00150823": "healthcare. Using LionSearch or The CAT, go through the process of helping the student.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00190-00150823-00151308": "And some of you may realize that transgender healthcare is a big, big topic. So if you", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00191-00151308-00151865": "feel like making your hypothetical student narrow it down a little bit, upon more discussion", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00192-00151865-00152565": "that is absolutely fine and would be good reference practice.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00193-00163856-00164732": "OK, it looks like Harrisburg used The CAT and typed Transgender and Healthcare into Topic: Title + Subject. That's a good strategy.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00194-00165564-00166236": "In the interest of time, I am just going to move us forward. So I am going to doing,", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00195-00166248-00167056": "I'll just try to replicate Harrisburgs' search first of all.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00196-00167568-00168272": "So going back to The CAT, they searched", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00197-00168379-00169861": "Topic: Title+Subject Transgender and Healthcare and they received Healthcare disparities and", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00198-00169876-00170576": "the LGBT population, looks like a pretty good one. And then there's some films on Transgender", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00199-00170590-00171480": "Tuesdays, whatever that is, Gem Silent, The Healthcare Equity Index which relates to LGBTQ", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00200-00171699-00172336": "issues and an item called Healthcare, Transgender Cultural Competency for Medical Providers.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00201-00172336-00173036": "So these look pretty good. Why don't we start with Healthcare Disparities and the LGBT Population?", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00202-00173134-00173834": "Detailed information for this item, if you scroll down this item,", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00203-00174172-00174588": "there is a table of contents", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00204-00174596-00175296": "and it is important to think about, when you are helping students do research,", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00205-00175327-00176027": "students typically tend to want to avoid books because they feel like they are too long.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00206-00176048-00176652": "They don't have time to read a book, but in many, many cases, they don't and should not", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00207-00176652-00177107": "read the entire book. They should look at the table of contents and you can help guide", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00208-00177107-00177665": "them through this process. Look at the table of contents and see if any of the chapters are related", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00209-00177665-00178209": "to what they are looking for. Because quite frankly in this case transgender healthcare", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00210-00178209-00178816": "is a rather enormous topic. Now there are lots of stages that students and other people", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00211-00178816-00179296": "are at when they are doing research. And if they are just at the point where they are", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00212-00179296-00179740": "like, \"I have to write about transgender healthcare and I don't know what to write about,\" often", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00213-00179740-00180440": "directing them toward a book will be a really good idea. First of all, because almost all", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00214-00180446-00181128": "books have an introduction; this one does too. An introduction to the loosely knit", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00215-00181128-00181816": "patchwork of LGBT healthcare, so books and their introductions often can bridge the gap between", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00216-00181816-00182475": "the popular information that students may know and into more scholarly literature. And there", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00217-00182475-00183351": "may be in this case, you can see there is a chapter called Limiting Transgender Health", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00218-00183362-00184410": "and if I just hit Command F actually, I can just search for transgender and it's listed", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00219-00184425-00185283": "4 times. Only once in one of these chapters but it looks that chapter might be useful", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00220-00185295-00185745": "for a student. Now if I scroll down and look at the Subject, you can see that there is", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00221-00185745-00186501": "a subject called transgender people - medical care and there is also a Medical Subject for", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00222-00186510-00187208": "Transgender. I am just going to use the regular LC subject for transgender healthcare and", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00223-00187208-00188514": "when you click on this, there are some results that didn't come up in the beginning including", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00224-00188532-00188966": "the Handbook of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Public Health and this is an electronic", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00225-00188966-00189666": "resource so if you just click on Get It, that will take you to that item.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00226-00189666-00190046": "And these items", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00227-00190057-00190757": "are a little bit more relevant than our initial search,", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00228-00190896-00191096": "well it's not actually more relevant,", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00229-00191112-00191801": "there more expansive. And I don't think it included those videos Transgender Tuesdays,", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00230-00191801-00192501": "but maybe it did. I'm going to look again.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00231-00192618-00192900": "Yes, so it excluded that video but added some", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00232-00192911-00193401": "other items. So this is good, this is good. these are quite a few resources and I think this would be", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00233-00193401-00194101": "helpful for a student. However, the concept of transgender healthcare is very large and", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00234-00194122-00194748": "most students looking at these resources, instead of writing a paper or a speech could", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00235-00194748-00195274": "probably write more like a book. So they might need more focused information and this is where", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00236-00195274-00195785": "LionSearch really, really shines. So if we do the same, I am going to clear the filter", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00237-00195785-00196345": "using this Clear Filters over in the gray area which will get rid of, I limited to Books", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00238-00196345-00197045": "before, but if I search Transgender Healthcare", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00239-00197258-00197808": "I am going to get like 7,000 results which", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00240-00197814-00198514": "is 1000 times more than the 7 results we got in The CAT which is kind of excessive.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00241-00198574-00199268": "And what's also important to consider is that healthcare - some people write it as one word, some people", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00242-00199269-00199941": "write is as two. So to really cover the scope of articles and other items about Transgender", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00243-00199942-00200878": "healthcare, I need to tell LionSearch by putting healthcare OR  in capital letters", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00244-00200888-00201588": "Health space Care in parenthesis that I want both of those synonyms. When I do that,", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00245-00201694-00202544": "that triples my results. So there's quite a few items here, but that doesn't mean that it's not useful.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00246-00202554-00203322": "Remember our limits. So first of all, what I want to do is most of the time, especially", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00247-00203327-00203947": "in a topic like transgender healthcare, resources within the past 5 years in LionSearch are", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00248-00203947-00204576": "going to be more useful. So I use the little slider, I moved it up to 2010. So now that", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00249-00204576-00205324": "I have 14,000 results instead of 27,000. It's still quite a few. Another thing is you might", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00250-00205334-00206034": "want to ask the student what kind of paper or assignment is this for.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00251-00206108-00207100": "For instance, a lot of these articles are going to be in specific subject areas. So under discipline,", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00252-00207230-00208092": "If I click on more, you can see all of the subject areas that come up. Let's say the student is in", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00253-00208098-00208955": "sociology. I can click on that topic and then that's going to limit my results even more.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00254-00208962-00209728": "Instead of 14,000 results I know have only 1000. It is really, really hard in LionSearch", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00255-00209744-00210444": "to bring these numbers down. more,", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00256-00210444-00210779": "However, at this point to bring these results down even", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00257-00210794-00211232": "you could also decide what kind of items you are looking for. So we have content type,", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00258-00211232-00211835": "right here, so you could search for books or newspaper articles. Many times though students", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00259-00211835-00212411": "want scholarly articles and in that case we can limit it to scholarly and peer review right there.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00260-00212466-00213332": "That brings us down to 666 items. I could even, if I talk to the student for", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00261-00213332-00213969": "a little bit maybe ask some leading questions and maybe the student is particularly interested", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00262-00213969-00214669": "in transgender healthcare and cost.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00263-00214869-00215850": "So if I search for that, you can find, hmmm.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00264-00216257-00216798": "So what I'm finding here are articles like a lot about the quality of life and things that", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00265-00216798-00217298": "are sort of probably tangentially related to costs but I am not happy with them, so", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00266-00217298-00217929": "I am going to get rid of my discipline limiter.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00267-00217962-00218356": "So, now I have articles that are more, it", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00268-00218366-00219066": "seems like this first one, related to cost and access of healthcare. So, limiting it", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00269-00219084-00219656": "to a discipline didn’t work as well, but I sit around and do searches with students", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00270-00219657-00220108": "all of the time and I didn’t know automatically what to do, I had to try around,", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00271-00220108-00220696": "I had to play around a little bit. And that's kind of the whole point. It's not automatic, but if I see an", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00272-00220696-00221396": "article that I like, if I click on the title, it should automatically link me to that article", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00273-00221401-00221888": "in this case, here it is. Now this is from a legal database and they kind of look a little", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00274-00221888-00222583": "awkward and legal research isn't something that happens very often, although if you need", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00275-00222583-00223183": "some help doing this, I would talk to Helen Sheehy, she's quite skilled. But I am going", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00276-00223183-00224079": "to select a different result to show you. Typically, this is more what the article is", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00277-00224092-00224573": "going to look like. And if it's a scholarly article, first of all, the first page is not", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00278-00224573-00224952": "going to have the whole thing. There's the abstract, and the abstract is a summary of", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00279-00224952-00225652": "the article and that's it. What students do not realize is that this is not the full article.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00280-00225666-00226276": "So you need to look for a link that either says full text or full article and in this", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00281-00226276-00226780": "case you can view it in many different ways, an HTML format, students tend to prefer the", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00282-00226780-00227330": "pdf so that's what I normally look for. So you have to select that and then you have", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00283-00227330-00228062": "the actual article. So just keep that in mind. Every once in a while, though, and I am going", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00284-00228073-00228623": "to select this same article to see if it, I am going to select this article even though", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00285-00228623-00229259": "we're not going to look into it so much. Sometimes, (I am going to force this page to happen)", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00286-00229259-00229841": "this page comes up automatically, if that happens you just need to select the article link.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00287-00230232-00230540": "So moving forward.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00288-00232869-00233328": "So the question then comes up, when should I use LionSearch and", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00289-00233354-00233950": "not The CAT? And of course it's Always, but that's mostly because I like it. If you talk", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00290-00233950-00234532": "to Russ Hall from Behrend, he would say \"Never\" because he doesn’t like LionSearch that", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00291-00234532-00235142": "much, but it's all, I would say, a matter of preference. Sure there are usability and", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00292-00235142-00235710": "efficiency issues in both and while we have a little bit more control over The CAT than", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00293-00235710-00236151": "we do over LionSearch, they're both going to kind of stay the way they are for a while,", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00294-00236151-00236738": "so you need to find out which you are better at searching and you feel more comfortable in", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00295-00236738-00237350": "the way that you like to help students, but that said, there are ways in which LionSearch", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00296-00237385-00237923": "is a lot more effective. Specifically when you're doing a named item search. So  if a student", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00297-00237923-00238494": "comes to you and they have the title of a book or an article and you just want to search for that title,", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00298-00238494-00239212": "LionSearch is better at not getting messed up by punctuation essentially.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00299-00239250-00239942": "The CAT, unless it's exact, a little bit of a punctuation mess up could really confuse things.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00300-00239958-00240494": "Also, you should always use LionSearch if you are helping a student find articles", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00301-00240494-00241006": "because The CAT doesn’t have them. So, you can find a journal where an article would", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00302-00241006-00241344": "live, so if you're looking for the Journal of Pediatric Nursing, you can search for that", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00303-00241344-00241882": "in The CAT, however, you're not going to find if they need an article on vaccine safety", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00304-00241882-00242582": "from the Journal of Pediatric Nursing, you're not going to find that in The CAT.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00305-00242841-00243971": "Something that works, I would say equally, or should work equally well in both databases are operators;", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00306-00243984-00244478": "search operators. These are things that you put onto your search to change the way that", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00307-00244478-00245178": "it works. The first one are what we call Boolean Operators. They're AND, OR and NOT.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00308-00245196-00245923": "And what these words do is they change the way that your database interacts with your keywords.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00309-00245923-00246978": "So if you put the word AND between two terms, what that tells the database is that it is", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00310-00246988-00247617": "required that the keyword before AND and the keyword after AND are in every single result.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00311-00247617-00248117": "It's a requirement. So, what this does is it will limit your search results, you will", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00312-00248117-00248778": "get fewer, it will make the number go down. OR, on the other hand is something you should", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00313-00248778-00249478": "use when you are working with synonyms. A good example is when we were doing before", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00314-00249496-00250219": "with healthcare and health space care. That terms turns up in both ways. What OR does", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00315-00250219-00250773": "is to tell the database the term before OR and the term after OR, they are interchangeable.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00316-00250790-00251334": "It could have one or the other. But one of them has to be present. So what this does", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00317-00251346-00251863": "is it expands your results. So you should only use it if you are talking about something", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00318-00251863-00252594": "that is fairly synonymous. NOT isn't used particularly frequently, but what that does", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00319-00252612-00253412": "in a database don't include the term in front of NOT. So a good example of where to use", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00320-00253431-00254131": "NOT is if you were searching for apple NOT computer. That would exclude results related", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00321-00254133-00254833": "that include the word computer. Now of course, it's not going to exclude all of them, MAC-type", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00322-00254862-00255676": "computer science articles from your results. But in cases where you have a word that covers", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00323-00255689-00256392": "two concepts that are very, very different, using NOT can really, really help limit your results.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00324-00256513-00257415": "Parenthesis are simply useful to tell a database what Boolean operators are applying to what terms.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00325-00257436-00258388": "So it will basically follow an order of operations where whatever word is before", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00326-00258398-00259012": "and after the operator will be used by that operator, but sometimes that is not what you", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00327-00259013-00259917": "want. So for instance, I always use parenthesis around the terms that are included with OR,", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00328-00259919-00260190": "making them into a single item.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00329-00260190-00260484": "I'll show you an example of one in a minute.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00330-00260504-00261262": "Quotations marks tell you that these words within the quotation marks have to be exactly the way", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00331-00261267-00261802": "that they are in the results. So this is good if you are searching for a title, although", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00332-00261802-00262375": "in LionSearch you don't normally need it, but if the title is kind of some normal words,", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00333-00262375-00262910": "putting quotations marks can increase your likelihood of getting your result exactly,", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00334-00262910-00263496": "But this is really useful for single concepts that use two words to describe it. For instance,", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00335-00263496-00264196": "helicopter parent, should always be put in quotation marks.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00336-00264196-00264390": "And finally we have wildcard truncation.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00337-00264390-00265256": "What wildcard truncation does is it tells the database that you essentially", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00338-00265265-00265878": "stocked a word. For example,  if you put an asterisk at the end of the word child. What that will", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00339-00265878-00266578": "tell the database is \"OK, we want child, but we will accept any version of child with any", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00340-00266598-00267298": "ending, so child, children, childhood and so on and so forth. This is particularly useful", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00341-00267314-00268272": "because a lot of times terms aren't exact when you're doing searches. They may use one", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00342-00268272-00268412": "version of a word over another.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00343-00268960-00269522": "So the final search that I would like you guys to try is,", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00344-00269522-00270220": "and this is one that can actually include all the operators that I just mentioned,", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00345-00270239-00270816": "well all but one I would say. So a student wants information on how cell phones are destroying", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00346-00270816-00271395": "our ability to communicate. This is a question that I got constantly when I worked exclusively", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00347-00271558-00272258": "as a reference librarian. It's like everyone's favorite, was in 2010, everyone's favorite topic.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00348-00272504-00273178": "Try doing a search for this and if you've been using The CAT all this time,", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00349-00273199-00273867": "try using LionSearch and vice versa and then I'm going to do a demo to try to show you, and", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00350-00273867-00274567": "try to use all of those operators that I mentioned. <<Question>> you're", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00351-00275114-00275906": "So you should always if  looking at the book - he just asked the table of content information isn't in LionSearch,", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00352-00275907-00276437": "it doesn't normally show up, so for a book, you should always, if you want to find more", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00353-00276437-00277137": "information, click on View in Classic Catalog and that will just hop you right over to The CAT.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00354-00284668-00285284": "Ok, so because we do not have a lot of time left and I want to leave some time for", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00355-00285285-00285749": "any questions, I am just going to show you the way that I feel is probably the most effective", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00356-00285749-00286380": "way to do this search. And I would tend to lean towards LionSearch for a topic like this", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00357-00286380-00286864": "because although I'm sure in the past four years, there have bene books written about", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00358-00286864-00287564": "cell phones and communication, still there's probably many, many, many more articles on", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00359-00287586-00288354": "the topic. So, to start out with, we've got cell phones AND communication.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00360-00288436-00289202": "Those are kind of the two ideas in that research question. There's also the word destroy, but I tend", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00361-00289215-00289707": "to avoid searching for terms that are so qualifying like that. Like a lot of people are doing", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00362-00289730-00290626": "research on something that increased or decreased, some kind of like .. standardized tests increase", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00363-00290632-00291350": "or decrease learning. When you put in a term like destroy or increase or whatever, it automatically", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00364-00291351-00292295": "skews your results. Because people very rarely title things like the opposite of what they", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00365-00292301-00292786": "mean. So, no one is going to write an article like cell phones are not destroying our ability", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00366-00292786-00293195": "to communicate, or maybe somebody might, but it's much less likely. That's not usually", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00367-00293195-00294151": "the way things are spun. So if I remove that qualifying term and enter cell phones and", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00368-00294164-00294838": "communication, I'm going to get a number here that's going to be insane, 700,000 results.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00369-00294849-00295649": "It's just enormous. Although this book could be potentially good, all the other results,", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00370-00295658-00296301": "they're just all over the place. And some of them are from things like - this doesn't", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00371-00296301-00297001": "even have a publisher, what is this? Well, it's a patent in fact. I've never seen a patent", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00372-00297003-00297391": "before even though they're there. Because I've never done a search that's brought one", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00373-00297391-00298003": "up. But, that's what a patent looks like in LionSearch. First of all, something to keep", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00374-00298003-00298696": "in mind is not everyone uses the term cell phones. There’s a synonym for it.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00375-00298696-00299131": "So I'm going to add the term OR mobile phone. And you see what I did there? I put OR - OR in", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00376-00299131-00299544": "LionSearch should be in capital letters. This isn't something that other databases do, but", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00377-00299544-00300244": "LionSearch requires it. So I put that there, now cell phones or mobile phones are functioning", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00378-00300245-00300815": "like a single term. I didn't make AND capital, so now it's there. Communication, another", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00379-00300815-00301749": "thing to keep in mind, is maybe an article uses communication, may one is using communicates.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00380-00301760-00302403": "So this is a really good time for me to put in a bit of truncation. So a little asterisks", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00381-00302403-00302979": "right there. If I do this, it's going to give us even more results. But it's no longer going", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00382-00302979-00303679": "to exclude people writing about mobile phones. So yeah, no we have 1,500,000 results.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00383-00303685-00304385": "In fact it's even more, way too many. So, I can limit my publication dates, so , with something", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00384-00304422-00305122": "like this I am going to go with the past 5 years", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00385-00305288-00305916": "and I'm also going to limit by what kind of field that I'm looking for.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00386-00305946-00306326": "So if I look at disciplines, we're talking about", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00387-00306326-00307320": "sort of the sociological aspect of cell phones so limiting it to sociology and social sciences", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00388-00307338-00308038": "can give us.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00389-00308038-00308574": "So we have articles that are comparing youth mental health interventions", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00390-00308589-00309047": "with mobile phones. There's a lot of different things going on here with mobile phones.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00391-00309047-00309596": "So I might want to add another term something like what we're talking about is the way this", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00392-00309597-00310297": "has affected our culture.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00393-00310892-00311254": "So here's an article about cell phone withdrawal and this is what", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00394-00311268-00311754": "always happens whenever anyone searches for this topic is they need to narrow it down,", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00395-00311754-00312401": "they need to talk about what exactly are cell phones affecting, is it attention? Is it dependency?", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00396-00312401-00313101": "What is going on? But a search like this can sort of help you decide or direct people.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00397-00313173-00313589": "Diction is coming up a lot, so that might be something that would be useful to direct", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00398-00313589-00314289": "a student towards. But this is a good way of using, because we had like a million results", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00399-00314475-00315239": "and then when I attached the culture, it removed over half of them and then limiting by discipline", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00400-00315251-00315807": "brought us down even further. So you can see the power of the way you build your search,", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00401-00315807-00316232": "but if I just searched for a single term or even two terms, I'm going to get way, way", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00402-00316232-00316932": "more than I could ever possibly go through. So that's pretty much all for me.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00403-00317078-00317930": "I wanted to give a minute in case anyone had any questions. <<People Typing>>", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00404-00320216-00320938": "<<Question>>Tim just shared with us that they found in LionSearch when someone gives you a call number, you don't really have to include", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00405-00320957-00322073": "the date, the year in the call number, but if it has a Q or F at the end - it's a quarto", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00406-00322093-00322595": "or folio, so it would have a Q or F at the end, you should probably leave that off because", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00407-00322595-00323071": "it messes it up.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00408-00323098-00323544": "So that is a really useful tip. I had no idea about that because I never", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00409-00323557-00324128": "put call numbers into LionSearch because I just don't have a need to do that, but I'm", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00410-00324128-00325470": "sure plenty of people do. So thank you so much for sharing that, that's super useful.", "2Stw-oXWiCU-00411-00325470-00325670": "<<END>>"}}, {"audio_id": "2SQKgXVvplg", "text": {"2SQKgXVvplg-00000-00000203-00000603": "Are you going to start? Don't we say hi together first? Oh, hi. Hi!", "2SQKgXVvplg-00001-00000693-00000810": "Do I have anything in my teeth?", "2SQKgXVvplg-00002-00000810-00000953": "Ha, no. Do I?", "2SQKgXVvplg-00003-00001110-00001186": "Hello.", "2SQKgXVvplg-00004-00001186-00001356": "Helloooooo.", "2SQKgXVvplg-00005-00001400-00001703": "Sorry let's go again coz I was like \"I'M READY!\". (Laughter)", "2SQKgXVvplg-00006-00001753-00001973": "And you're watching Let's Talk About X", "2SQKgXVvplg-00007-00001976-00002306": "Where we have meaningful discussions. No they're not.", "2SQKgXVvplg-00008-00002306-00002573": "I mean, they are, but that's not our tagline. Okay!"}}, {"audio_id": "2SXTD90_zOE", "text": {"2SXTD90_zOE-00000-00000000-00001988": "[music]", "2SXTD90_zOE-00001-00001992-00002128": "Hello friends!", "2SXTD90_zOE-00002-00002128-00002332": "Today I have decided to show you", "2SXTD90_zOE-00003-00002332-00002516": "how to romanticize your life", "2SXTD90_zOE-00004-00002516-00002758": "by being your own main character.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00005-00002882-00003172": "These are just a few ordinary things", "2SXTD90_zOE-00006-00003172-00003340": "that you already do daily", "2SXTD90_zOE-00007-00003340-00003496": "or can add into your life", "2SXTD90_zOE-00008-00003496-00003690": "to make it even more fulfilling.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00009-00003828-00004128": "Our lives can become boring and mundane.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00010-00004128-00004454": "So romanticizing them and pretending to be a character", "2SXTD90_zOE-00011-00004454-00004658": "can give you that morale boost", "2SXTD90_zOE-00012-00004658-00004786": "to make a basic day", "2SXTD90_zOE-00013-00004786-00004894": "into a great day.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00014-00005088-00005176": "In this video,", "2SXTD90_zOE-00015-00005176-00005398": "I'll be taking you through a day in my life", "2SXTD90_zOE-00016-00005398-00005562": "to show you what I do", "2SXTD90_zOE-00017-00005562-00005876": "to feel like I'm in a teen coming of age movie.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00018-00005890-00006766": "[music]", "2SXTD90_zOE-00019-00006780-00006931": "When I make breakfast,", "2SXTD90_zOE-00020-00006931-00007100": "I play music and pretend", "2SXTD90_zOE-00021-00007100-00007281": "I'm in the beginning credits scene.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00022-00007292-00007484": "I even have a playlist for it.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00023-00007484-00007738": "Here's what I made for breakfast today:", "2SXTD90_zOE-00024-00007823-00008112": "Eggs are my favorite staple breakfast item.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00025-00008112-00008294": "I love how versatile they are", "2SXTD90_zOE-00026-00008294-00008480": "and that you can put so much in them.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00027-00008480-00008698": "Today, I put cheese and spinach.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00028-00008702-00008852": "*sizzling*", "2SXTD90_zOE-00029-00008856-00009070": "My blender broke a couple months ago", "2SXTD90_zOE-00030-00009070-00009274": "so now I use a food processor,", "2SXTD90_zOE-00031-00009274-00009442": "as suggested by a friend,", "2SXTD90_zOE-00032-00009442-00009746": "and let me tell you, it works wonders.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00033-00009750-00009830": "*blending*", "2SXTD90_zOE-00034-00009830-00010044": "In my smoothie, I had raspberries,", "2SXTD90_zOE-00035-00010044-00010262": "peaches, strawberries, maple yogurt,", "2SXTD90_zOE-00036-00010262-00010406": "and mango juice.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00037-00010520-00010770": "And last, a couple pieces of bread", "2SXTD90_zOE-00038-00010770-00011056": "that I burnt a little with some butter.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00039-00011196-00011420": "I eat breakfast on a cutting board", "2SXTD90_zOE-00040-00011422-00011700": "to make it feel like I'm in a restaurant.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00041-00011768-00012032": "It makes me feel pretty fancy.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00042-00012140-00012384": "Having a fun and healthy breakfast", "2SXTD90_zOE-00043-00012384-00012782": "is essential for my start to my day.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00044-00012819-00013690": "[music]", "2SXTD90_zOE-00045-00013726-00014046": "I'm someone who always loves to get dressed up", "2SXTD90_zOE-00046-00014046-00014238": "no matter what I'm doing that day.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00047-00014238-00014432": "It makes me feel more positive", "2SXTD90_zOE-00048-00014432-00014691": "and ready to conquer everything I have to do.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00049-00014741-00015026": "But today I am actually leaving my house,", "2SXTD90_zOE-00050-00015026-00015362": "so I thought, Why not try a little harder with my look?", "2SXTD90_zOE-00051-00015476-00015619": "When making my outfit,", "2SXTD90_zOE-00052-00015619-00015713": "I ask myself,", "2SXTD90_zOE-00053-00015713-00016004": "What would I be wearing if I was in", "2SXTD90_zOE-00054-00016004-00016166": "a teen coming of age movie?", "2SXTD90_zOE-00055-00016166-00016244": "*snaps*", "2SXTD90_zOE-00056-00016244-00016436": "And this is what I came up with.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00057-00016498-00016738": "I fleshed out with a few accessories", "2SXTD90_zOE-00058-00016738-00016990": "like earrings, a necklace,", "2SXTD90_zOE-00059-00016990-00017140": "put on some makeup,", "2SXTD90_zOE-00060-00017140-00017364": "tied up my hair with a scrunchie,", "2SXTD90_zOE-00061-00017364-00017566": "and... ta-da!", "2SXTD90_zOE-00062-00017632-00017988": "That is the main character energy look for today!", "2SXTD90_zOE-00063-00018104-00018372": "I feel like the oversized flannel", "2SXTD90_zOE-00064-00018372-00018692": "makes me really look the queer side character", "2SXTD90_zOE-00065-00018698-00019018": "that I am supposed to be.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00066-00019060-00019614": "[music]", "2SXTD90_zOE-00067-00019624-00019870": "Grabbing my Polaroid and totebag,", "2SXTD90_zOE-00068-00019870-00020060": "which only means one thing:", "2SXTD90_zOE-00069-00020076-00020364": "I'm heading out to see some friends!", "2SXTD90_zOE-00070-00020472-00020672": "I had to drive downtown, but", "2SXTD90_zOE-00071-00020672-00020918": "it was nice to see places in Charlottesville", "2SXTD90_zOE-00072-00020918-00021144": "I hadn't seen since quarantine started.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00073-00021240-00021412": "I saw quite a few friends -", "2SXTD90_zOE-00074-00021412-00021636": "the most I've seen together in a while -", "2SXTD90_zOE-00075-00021636-00021888": "and these are friends that I've stayed close with", "2SXTD90_zOE-00076-00021888-00022096": "from all taking Latin in high school.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00077-00022194-00022352": "We met up at the skate park,", "2SXTD90_zOE-00078-00022352-00022576": "which is pretty indie movie,", "2SXTD90_zOE-00079-00022576-00022798": "and chatted for a couple of hours.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00080-00022848-00023256": "And one of my friends even brought his new puppy!", "2SXTD90_zOE-00081-00023310-00023562": "I really miss seeing my friends frequently,", "2SXTD90_zOE-00082-00023562-00023740": "so it was nice to see some of them", "2SXTD90_zOE-00083-00023740-00023874": "and catch up.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00084-00024036-00024364": "I've recently been trying to take more Polaroids", "2SXTD90_zOE-00085-00024368-00024678": "and pictures so I can bring them to college", "2SXTD90_zOE-00086-00024678-00024870": "to hang them up on my walls.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00087-00024884-00025654": "[music]", "2SXTD90_zOE-00088-00025662-00025894": "I hadn't gone out driving in a while,", "2SXTD90_zOE-00089-00025894-00026188": "so I took this opportunity to drive around town", "2SXTD90_zOE-00090-00026189-00026326": "and enjoy the views!", "2SXTD90_zOE-00091-00026348-00026486": "[music]", "2SXTD90_zOE-00092-00026520-00026814": "I ended up driving the route to my high school", "2SXTD90_zOE-00093-00026814-00027044": "as a last time kinda thing.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00094-00027052-00027333": "It was really weird seeing it so empty.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00095-00027676-00028044": "I spend my car rides either thinking deeply in silence", "2SXTD90_zOE-00096-00028044-00028427": "or singing loudly to my Spotify playlists.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00097-00028512-00028894": "Today was a thinking deeply kinda day.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00098-00028932-00029300": "It was nice to be alone with my own thoughts.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00099-00029358-00030424": "[music]", "2SXTD90_zOE-00100-00030444-00030754": "Something I've been trying to do more often", "2SXTD90_zOE-00101-00030754-00030986": "is dedicating time to hobbies that", "2SXTD90_zOE-00102-00030986-00031170": "I'm not extremely skilled at -", "2SXTD90_zOE-00103-00031224-00031510": "which might seem super weird to some people,", "2SXTD90_zOE-00104-00031510-00031838": "but I wanna be a more well-rounded person", "2SXTD90_zOE-00105-00031839-00032212": "and to do that I need to do things I'm not good at!", "2SXTD90_zOE-00106-00032242-00032542": "Today I decided to play around on my ukelele", "2SXTD90_zOE-00107-00032542-00032680": "and sing a bit.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00108-00032730-00032970": "I sing a ton, and pride myself", "2SXTD90_zOE-00109-00032970-00033270": "in one of the few things that I can do,", "2SXTD90_zOE-00110-00033270-00033460": "but it's usually a capella", "2SXTD90_zOE-00111-00033460-00033698": "with backing track or with others.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00112-00033698-00033916": "I'm not very confident with", "2SXTD90_zOE-00113-00033916-00034204": "being my own accompaniment but I'm getting there!", "2SXTD90_zOE-00114-00034330-00034644": "I think it's important to spend time on things you like,", "2SXTD90_zOE-00115-00034644-00034812": "even if you're not good at them.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00116-00034850-00035184": "It's so important to be trying to improve yourself", "2SXTD90_zOE-00117-00035242-00035330": "all the time.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00118-00035424-00035750": "[music]", "2SXTD90_zOE-00119-00035760-00039936": "*singing & playing*", "2SXTD90_zOE-00120-00040094-00041082": "[music]", "2SXTD90_zOE-00121-00041150-00041412": "Speaking of things that I'm not good at,", "2SXTD90_zOE-00122-00041412-00041780": "skateboarding and rollerblading are another two.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00123-00041876-00042052": "I bought myself a skateboard", "2SXTD90_zOE-00124-00042052-00042212": "at the beginning of quarantine", "2SXTD90_zOE-00125-00042212-00042468": "and I bought the roller blades from Goodwill", "2SXTD90_zOE-00126-00042468-00042668": "for three dollars.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00127-00042782-00043154": "It's difficult to find places to ride in my neighborhood,", "2SXTD90_zOE-00128-00043154-00043402": "since it's very hilly,", "2SXTD90_zOE-00129-00043402-00043638": "so I haven't practiced much.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00130-00043804-00044092": "Since I'm gonna be in Richmond for college,", "2SXTD90_zOE-00131-00044092-00044396": "I wanna be able to use both of these", "2SXTD90_zOE-00132-00044396-00044752": "as forms of transportation and fun!", "2SXTD90_zOE-00133-00044844-00045092": "I've decided to try to spend more time", "2SXTD90_zOE-00134-00045092-00045372": "practicing so I can be that really cool girl", "2SXTD90_zOE-00135-00045372-00045724": "with the wheels, even though I'm not that cool.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00136-00045838-00046236": "They're both your stereotypical indie movie or", "2SXTD90_zOE-00137-00046236-00046590": "music video character hobbies, so", "2SXTD90_zOE-00138-00046652-00046828": "thought I'd practice a bit.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00139-00047022-00047506": "[music]", "2SXTD90_zOE-00140-00047544-00047682": "After skating around,", "2SXTD90_zOE-00141-00047682-00047858": "I wanted to treat myself", "2SXTD90_zOE-00142-00047858-00048054": "and since I'm still being cautious,", "2SXTD90_zOE-00143-00048058-00048336": "I decided to make a little ice cream parlor", "2SXTD90_zOE-00144-00048336-00048456": "in my own kitchen.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00145-00048660-00048928": "I usually never put ice cream in a cone,", "2SXTD90_zOE-00146-00048928-00049084": "or put toppings on,", "2SXTD90_zOE-00147-00049084-00049276": "but I thought, Screw it!", "2SXTD90_zOE-00148-00049276-00049360": "Why not?", "2SXTD90_zOE-00149-00049390-00049604": "And I did it.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00150-00049616-00049822": "And I felt very fancy.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00151-00050004-00050288": "Instead of sitting in my living room alone,", "2SXTD90_zOE-00152-00050288-00050560": "I pretended that I was outside on a curb", "2SXTD90_zOE-00153-00050560-00050698": "with all of my friends", "2SXTD90_zOE-00154-00050698-00050864": "enjoying our ice cream.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00155-00050938-00051710": "[music]", "2SXTD90_zOE-00156-00051764-00051940": "Sometimes I'll go outside", "2SXTD90_zOE-00157-00051940-00052084": "when the sun is setting", "2SXTD90_zOE-00158-00052084-00052208": "and take photos,", "2SXTD90_zOE-00159-00052208-00052552": "but this time I decided to dance in the street.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00160-00052704-00052904": "I have a playlist for this too!", "2SXTD90_zOE-00161-00052984-00053172": "It's the end of the movie where", "2SXTD90_zOE-00162-00053172-00053352": "not everything is resolved, but", "2SXTD90_zOE-00163-00053352-00053608": "most is, and the characters dance", "2SXTD90_zOE-00164-00053608-00053732": "as the credits roll.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00165-00053804-00054058": "I always like listening to this playlist", "2SXTD90_zOE-00166-00054058-00054366": "to wind down and have a dance party in my room,", "2SXTD90_zOE-00167-00054376-00054840": "so why not have it in the street of my neighborhood?", "2SXTD90_zOE-00168-00054979-00056112": "[music]", "2SXTD90_zOE-00169-00056112-00056216": "*footsteps*", "2SXTD90_zOE-00170-00056314-00056505": "And that was the end to my day!", "2SXTD90_zOE-00171-00056567-00056772": "I hope you enjoyed this video", "2SXTD90_zOE-00172-00056772-00057070": "and that you take some of these things", "2SXTD90_zOE-00173-00057070-00057338": "into your life to be your own main character.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00174-00057448-00057679": "I also have a list of fun things to do", "2SXTD90_zOE-00175-00057679-00057805": "to romanticize your life", "2SXTD90_zOE-00176-00057805-00058052": "in the description down below.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00177-00058134-00058486": "If you like this video, like, comment, and subscribe", "2SXTD90_zOE-00178-00058562-00058810": "and last, thanks so much for watching.", "2SXTD90_zOE-00179-00058846-00058966": "See you next time!", "2SXTD90_zOE-00180-00059050-00060070": "[music]"}}, {"audio_id": "2TnPJEpJ30M", "text": {"2TnPJEpJ30M-00000-00000006-00000395": "So, I had absolutely no research experience when I came to UCLA.", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00001-00000395-00000677": "Um, I didn't have much research experience at all.", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00002-00000677-00000861": "I didn't have any.", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00003-00000861-00001030": "I didn't have any.", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00004-00001030-00001390": "Most undergraduate students do not have any prior research experience before coming to", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00005-00001390-00001513": "UCLA.", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00006-00001513-00001905": "Today your friends at the UCLA Library and the Undergraduate Research Centers are here", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00007-00001905-00002193": "to help you get started with research at UCLA.", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00008-00002193-00002647": "In this video, we’ll introduce you to several UCLA students that are working on undergraduate", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00009-00002647-00002768": "research projects.", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00010-00002768-00003234": "As these students talk about their experiences, brainstorm your own ideas, and take notes.", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00011-00003234-00003676": "Then, we’ll help you turn these notes into an initial plan get your project started.", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00012-00003676-00004047": "Here at UCLA, all undergraduate students can get involved in research.", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00013-00004047-00004523": "Lower division, upper division, north campus, south campus, there are opportunities for", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00014-00004523-00004623": "everybody.", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00015-00004623-00005023": "Most often when people think of research, they imagine a scientist running a chemical", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00016-00005023-00005227": "reaction in a test tube.", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00017-00005227-00005582": "But in reality, research can be done on any topic, in any discipline.", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00018-00005582-00006033": "I’m currently working on a project where we’re observing um, communication between", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00019-00006033-00006210": "cells via extra-cellular vesicles.", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00020-00006210-00006714": "I spent eight weeks in Israel, doing research with the Ethiopian Jewish community there.", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00021-00006714-00007265": "My research focuses on the 1930s deportations and repatriations of the Mexican population.", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00022-00007265-00007642": "My research is looking at Black community college students and their experience with", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00023-00007642-00008059": "the financial aid process and how that might affect their community college experience.", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00024-00008059-00008504": "I’m working under a medical sociologist, so we’re looking at social relationships", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00025-00008504-00008731": "and its effects on allostatic load.", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00026-00008731-00009015": "We have two undergraduate research centers on campus.", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00027-00009015-00009474": "One devoted to the humanities, arts, and social sciences, and the second one for the sciences,", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00028-00009474-00009574": "engineering, and math.", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00029-00009574-00010000": "There are many different ways to get involved with research including programs depending", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00030-00010000-00010172": "on your specific interests.", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00031-00010172-00010732": "Such opportunities include departmental upper division independent research courses, volunteer", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00032-00010732-00011029": "research, and research through internships and community service.", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00033-00011029-00011221": "But why should you do research?", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00034-00011221-00011653": "Research can be a huge part of your undergraduate experience with many benefits and rewards.", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00035-00011653-00012204": "Um well one of the reasons I chose to do it was I wasn’t sure if anthropology in like", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00036-00012204-00012700": "a graduate sense, or getting into the field like in academia was right for me.", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00037-00012700-00013387": "I’ve been surrounded by such incredibly intelligent people all the time, and they’re", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00038-00013387-00013615": "all so welcoming and willing to work with you.", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00039-00013615-00014019": "It’s definitely expanded my worldview and perspective.", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00040-00014019-00014466": "Conducting research is a great way to gain valuable skills and experiences, engage with", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00041-00014466-00014928": "faculty members, resume build, expand your interests, and help you with your career or", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00042-00014928-00015037": "graduate school path.", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00043-00015037-00015465": "Through participating in research, students can also get research scholarships, present", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00044-00015465-00015760": "at conferences, and even get published in journals.", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00045-00015760-00015934": "When can you get started?", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00046-00015934-00016034": "Right away.", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00047-00016034-00016423": "SRPs or are research courses you’ll want to sign up during your regular class enrollment,", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00048-00016423-00016781": "but programs like Mellon and BISEP have application deadlines.", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00049-00016781-00017165": "And don’t worry, if the process of getting involved in research seems daunting, there", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00050-00017165-00017641": "are plenty of people and organizations at UCLA, dedicated to helping you find your research", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00051-00017641-00017741": "path.", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00052-00017741-00018129": "You can stop by either undergraduate research center, or one of our many library locations", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00053-00018129-00018265": "to set up a consultation.", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00054-00018265-00018426": "Good luck with your research!", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00055-00018426-00018973": "I think my biggest piece of advice is to not be intimidated, because there is help.", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00056-00018973-00019540": "There are plenty of programs and advisors, um that are willing to help.", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00057-00019540-00019916": "Feeling that I’m part of this community not just like, in the academia but amongst", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00058-00019916-00020198": "my peers, where I feel like I’m an expert", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00059-00020198-00020682": "If you’re really, really passionate about a certain project make it known, and I think,", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00060-00020682-00021062": "you know, if that means going to meet with the professor in person, or sending them a", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00061-00021062-00021479": "really, really detailed answer about why you want to be involved in their project, just", "2TnPJEpJ30M-00062-00021479-00021984": "go for it, because you really have nothing to lose."}}, {"audio_id": "2Ts8WYwmbgY", "text": {"2Ts8WYwmbgY-00000-00000792-00001318": "You will not be punished for your anger, you will be punished by your anger. Buddha"}}, {"audio_id": "2TxYfnX239A", "text": {"2TxYfnX239A-00000-00000549-00001258": "hey guys hey guys welcome to cooking fat boy today we're gonna be making a", "2TxYfnX239A-00001-00001258-00001954": "delicious banana bread this is something that my grandma showed me when I was", "2TxYfnX239A-00002-00001954-00002431": "young and it's super easy and fun for the whole family", "2TxYfnX239A-00003-00002431-00006067": "our first ingredient calls for flour two cups all right next thing that - yes", "2TxYfnX239A-00004-00006067-00007470": "ingredient number two a teaspoon baking soda our next ingredient calls for 1/4", "2TxYfnX239A-00005-00007470-00008026": "teaspoon salt person could you grab that yeah we don't have a soul but we do have", "2TxYfnX239A-00006-00008026-00008578": "butt rub all right let me put a quarter teaspoon over here for you", "2TxYfnX239A-00007-00008578-00008937": "a little bit", "2TxYfnX239A-00008-00009205-00009931": "next we need a quarter cup of butter could you fetch that please yes sir", "2TxYfnX239A-00009-00010027-00011732": "we don't have butter but we do have Velveeta the next ingredient is 3/4 of a", "2TxYfnX239A-00010-00011732-00012041": "cup of brown sugar Carsten could you get me my measuring", "2TxYfnX239A-00011-00012041-00012382": "utensil yep", "2TxYfnX239A-00012-00012613-00015650": "3/4 cup in the hatch next on the list is two eggs next is to freshly ripened", "2TxYfnX239A-00013-00015650-00016666": "bananas but instead last night I went outside and I got some banana substitute", "2TxYfnX239A-00014-00017713-00018964": "that's all next is cinnamon just a little bit of pinch of cinnamon", "2TxYfnX239A-00015-00019057-00020095": "we don't have cinnamon so we're going to use slap your mama 1 pinch 1 pinch", "2TxYfnX239A-00016-00020793-00022593": "they got one car all right this needs more liquids hold that", "2TxYfnX239A-00017-00034140-00035013": "it says one hour let's use auto cook", "2TxYfnX239A-00018-00035340-00039888": "it's been enough time it's time to get this puppy out okay grandma let's see", "2TxYfnX239A-00019-00039888-00042334": "what how you can just reach okay so after in hours of baking here is our", "2TxYfnX239A-00020-00042334-00043090": "final product fresh banana bread for the whole family to snack you want your", "2TxYfnX239A-00021-00043090-00043362": "slice first", "2TxYfnX239A-00022-00050268-00053554": "oh it's stuck in my teeth I crunched the eggs and I've got worms I can't do it", "2TxYfnX239A-00023-00055946-00056732": "it burns it's really hot there's a worm", "2TxYfnX239A-00024-00058715-00059813": "the worm oh it's like a cheese baked worm and it's not good", "2TxYfnX239A-00025-00062937-00062987": "Thanks for watching!"}}, {"audio_id": "2UvJ5lcWagU", "text": {"2UvJ5lcWagU-00000-00000009-00000249": "This is a book saying there are black people", "2UvJ5lcWagU-00001-00000249-00000451": "who need help, and the people", "2UvJ5lcWagU-00002-00000451-00000738": "who are calling themselves black people saviors now", "2UvJ5lcWagU-00003-00000738-00000930": "don't understand this,", "2UvJ5lcWagU-00004-00000930-00001078": "but they're hurting black people,", "2UvJ5lcWagU-00005-00001078-00001190": "because what they're caught up in", "2UvJ5lcWagU-00006-00001190-00001500": "is more about virtue signaling to one another", "2UvJ5lcWagU-00007-00001500-00001751": "than helping people who actually need help.", "2UvJ5lcWagU-00008-00001751-00002004": "In his bestselling new book, \"Woke Racism,", "2UvJ5lcWagU-00009-00002004-00002310": "How a New Religion has Betrayed Black America,\"", "2UvJ5lcWagU-00010-00002310-00002627": "New York Times columnist and Columbia University linguist,", "2UvJ5lcWagU-00011-00002627-00002941": "John McWhorter argues that the ideas of Robin Diangelo,", "2UvJ5lcWagU-00012-00002941-00003300": "Ibram X. Kendi, and the 1619 Project", "2UvJ5lcWagU-00013-00003300-00003523": "undermine blacks by sharpening racial divides", "2UvJ5lcWagU-00014-00003523-00003994": "and distracting from actual obstacles to real progress.", "2UvJ5lcWagU-00015-00003994-00004237": "Reason spoke with the 56-year-old McWhorter", "2UvJ5lcWagU-00016-00004237-00004457": "about what whites get out of cooperating", "2UvJ5lcWagU-00017-00004457-00004771": "with an ideological agenda that cast them as devils,", "2UvJ5lcWagU-00018-00004771-00005019": "what blacks gained by performing victim-hood,", "2UvJ5lcWagU-00019-00005019-00005169": "and what needs to change,", "2UvJ5lcWagU-00020-00005169-00005384": "so that all Americans can get on", "2UvJ5lcWagU-00021-00005384-00005675": "with creating a more perfect union."}}, {"audio_id": "2Ux9NjGFbxc", "text": {"2Ux9NjGFbxc-00000-00000010-00000493": "Hi, my name’s Tim Apple, and I’m here to welcome you to the future.", "2Ux9NjGFbxc-00001-00000493-00001133": "This is the latest installation in our iPhone series – the iPhone 12 Bro.", "2Ux9NjGFbxc-00002-00001133-00001873": "The iPhone Bro comes in a wide range of brand new colors – Smokestack, Soot, Soy Latte,", "2Ux9NjGFbxc-00003-00001873-00002263": "and my personal favorite, Pacific Pollution Blue.", "2Ux9NjGFbxc-00004-00002263-00002659": "These colors really represent what Apple is all about.", "2Ux9NjGFbxc-00005-00002659-00003063": "The Bro also has a brand new wireless charging feature.", "2Ux9NjGFbxc-00006-00003063-00003480": "I know what many of you will be asking, “Is wireless charging safe?”.", "2Ux9NjGFbxc-00007-00003480-00003852": "And my answer to you is in the name – MagSafe.", "2Ux9NjGFbxc-00008-00003852-00004308": "100% Electromagnetic Radiation Safe.", "2Ux9NjGFbxc-00009-00004308-00004415": "MagSafe.", "2Ux9NjGFbxc-00010-00004415-00004600": "It couldn’t be any safer.", "2Ux9NjGFbxc-00011-00004600-00005229": "The iPhone 12 Bro provides a new generation of performance with the brand new 5G.", "2Ux9NjGFbxc-00012-00005229-00005340": "That’s right!", "2Ux9NjGFbxc-00013-00005340-00005813": "The same technology that brought you COVID can now fit right in your pocket.", "2Ux9NjGFbxc-00014-00005813-00006291": "These advanced technologies push the boundaries of innovation for users who want the most", "2Ux9NjGFbxc-00015-00006291-00006473": "out of their iPhone.", "2Ux9NjGFbxc-00016-00006473-00006775": "The new iPhone Bro also comes with LiDAR.", "2Ux9NjGFbxc-00017-00006775-00007161": "If you think your boyfriend isn’t telling you the full truth, just turn on the Bro’s", "2Ux9NjGFbxc-00018-00007161-00007273": "LiDAR.", "2Ux9NjGFbxc-00019-00007273-00007379": "“Hey LiDAR.", "2Ux9NjGFbxc-00020-00007379-00007554": "Is 5G safe?”", "2Ux9NjGFbxc-00021-00007554-00007759": "– “ABSOF**KINGLUTELY!”.", "2Ux9NjGFbxc-00022-00007759-00008251": "And of course, it would be no surprise that the Bro comes with Face ID, our answer to", "2Ux9NjGFbxc-00023-00008251-00008414": "facial recognition.", "2Ux9NjGFbxc-00024-00008414-00008829": "Not only will the Bro keep your data safe, it will keep you safe.", "2Ux9NjGFbxc-00025-00008829-00009455": "In this iteration of the iPhone, we’ve made a special exclusive deal with the CIA.", "2Ux9NjGFbxc-00026-00009455-00009554": "That’s right!", "2Ux9NjGFbxc-00027-00009554-00010028": "All your data and personal information, as well as the personal information of all of", "2Ux9NjGFbxc-00028-00010028-00010499": "your friends, will be securely stored on the CIA’s servers.", "2Ux9NjGFbxc-00029-00010499-00010714": "That’s our gift to you.", "2Ux9NjGFbxc-00030-00010714-00011065": "And that’s what the iPhone 12 Bro is all about.", "2Ux9NjGFbxc-00031-00011065-00011234": "Brand new colors!", "2Ux9NjGFbxc-00032-00011234-00011578": "MagSafe wireless charging technology!", "2Ux9NjGFbxc-00033-00011578-00011855": "Ultra fast 5G!", "2Ux9NjGFbxc-00034-00011855-00012105": "100% safe!", "2Ux9NjGFbxc-00035-00012105-00012468": "Face ID used in conjunction with the CIA.", "2Ux9NjGFbxc-00036-00012468-00012947": "And all of this for only $999.", "2Ux9NjGFbxc-00037-00012947-00013247": "Man, we’re practically giving it away.", "2Ux9NjGFbxc-00038-00013247-00013391": "You’re welcome."}}, {"audio_id": "2UFYazey1fY", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "2UJQmXuXo20", "text": {"2UJQmXuXo20-00000-00000000-00000200": "Hi, it's Yosuke Awata.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00001-00000200-00000785": "Today, I'm going to make a milk pack shaped Valentine's gift box.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00002-00001186-00001763": "I made these for my kids class as summer project,", "2UJQmXuXo20-00003-00001763-00002386": "and I thought that would be cute if I made Valentine's gift box like these.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00004-00002386-00003000": "Not only for Valentine's Day, it'll be a fun gift box for any occasions.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00005-00003000-00003754": "What we need are paper, glue, scissors and any drawing supplies.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00006-00003754-00004261": "I'm planning to use a pen like this and color pencils today.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00007-00004261-00004612": "Folding paper to make a milk pack,", "2UJQmXuXo20-00008-00004612-00005034": "but I'm not measuring with a ruler today.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00009-00005034-00005209": "It's an easy way!", "2UJQmXuXo20-00010-00005209-00005780": "You can measure if you want, but it's for lazy person like me!", "2UJQmXuXo20-00011-00006184-00006485": "You can use any size of paper,", "2UJQmXuXo20-00012-00006485-00006756": "but I got A4 size (letter size).", "2UJQmXuXo20-00013-00006756-00007431": "It's sketchbook paper and not thin but not extra thick.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00014-00007431-00007688": "Any paper can be good.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00015-00007688-00008120": "It should be thick but not too thick.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00016-00008120-00008385": "I recommend Kent paper.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00017-00008385-00008686": "Folding from center but not exact.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00018-00008686-00008950": "Take this much space.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00019-00008950-00009539": "Any space is okay, but it's about 8 mm (1/3 inch).", "2UJQmXuXo20-00020-00009539-00010022": "A little less than 1cm (1/2 inch) is enough.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00021-00010022-00010273": "I'll put glue on this space later.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00022-00010273-00010447": "I fold here.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00023-00010554-00011189": "If paper is too thick, when I fold it,", "2UJQmXuXo20-00024-00011189-00011589": "it'll get wrinkled here.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00025-00011589-00011977": "So, I got just a little thick one.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00026-00012033-00012248": "Folding very well,", "2UJQmXuXo20-00027-00012265-00012495": "I'll put glue on extra space.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00028-00012495-00012848": "and I fold extra space.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00029-00013344-00013600": "I fold extra space.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00030-00013776-00014127": "I used this edge here,", "2UJQmXuXo20-00031-00014127-00014554": "It's easy to fold if I do this.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00032-00014829-00015000": "After that,", "2UJQmXuXo20-00033-00015000-00015389": "I'll fold a half of this.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00034-00015607-00015843": "Put the edge to this line,", "2UJQmXuXo20-00035-00015892-00016069": "and fold.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00036-00016303-00016734": "And this side, without this extra space.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00037-00016734-00017216": "Without extra space,", "2UJQmXuXo20-00038-00017611-00017795": "fold like this", "2UJQmXuXo20-00039-00018199-00018460": "These 4 should be same length..", "2UJQmXuXo20-00040-00018460-00018769": "This'll be the width of a box", "2UJQmXuXo20-00041-00018769-00018962": "Hight will be different.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00042-00018962-00019407": "I think it can be a little smaller.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00043-00019407-00019932": "I guess shorter would be cuter.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00044-00019932-00020181": "I make it shorter.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00045-00020181-00020451": "You don't have to cut though,", "2UJQmXuXo20-00046-00020451-00020746": "but I don't want a tall milk pack,", "2UJQmXuXo20-00047-00020746-00020951": "so I'll cut it.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00048-00020974-00021421": "I'll cut off 3 cm (1 1/4 inch)", "2UJQmXuXo20-00049-00021742-00022372": "A little more than a half of this length.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00050-00022706-00022847": "Maybe about this much??", "2UJQmXuXo20-00051-00023416-00023817": "Then I fold a little longer here.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00052-00024033-00024218": "Maybe about this much??", "2UJQmXuXo20-00053-00024714-00024922": "Folding one more,", "2UJQmXuXo20-00054-00024922-00025279": "I folded this direction.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00055-00025279-00025534": "Now flip it,", "2UJQmXuXo20-00056-00025534-00025982": "and about 1cm (1/2 inch)", "2UJQmXuXo20-00057-00025982-00026207": "Put ruler like this,", "2UJQmXuXo20-00058-00026305-00026673": "and do this.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00059-00026727-00026948": "You can fold nice and neat!", "2UJQmXuXo20-00060-00027317-00027479": "I got it!", "2UJQmXuXo20-00061-00027539-00027662": "Now,", "2UJQmXuXo20-00062-00027722-00027973": "This side on top.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00063-00028014-00028197": "and, here and here", "2UJQmXuXo20-00064-00028197-00028370": "or here and here,", "2UJQmXuXo20-00065-00028370-00028842": "This center with out this extra space.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00066-00028909-00029383": "Folding like this to put a mark on center.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00067-00029453-00029640": "After that,", "2UJQmXuXo20-00068-00029755-00029941": "This part,", "2UJQmXuXo20-00069-00029941-00030257": "I fold this part.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00070-00030450-00030590": "Like this.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00071-00030652-00030949": "Same way on the other side.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00072-00031030-00031422": "If you want, you can use a ruler.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00073-00031422-00031675": "Maybe using ruler can be better.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00074-00031675-00031893": "On this mark,", "2UJQmXuXo20-00075-00031893-00032192": "Here to here.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00076-00032192-00032686": "Put a ruler like this and fold.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00077-00032686-00033060": "And same way on the other side.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00078-00033060-00033148": "Here.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00079-00033148-00033296": "Like this,", "2UJQmXuXo20-00080-00033319-00033451": "Here.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00081-00033578-00033817": "Fold like this.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00082-00034137-00034393": "Not here, just here.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00083-00034714-00034952": "Now, not here.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00084-00034952-00035062": "Here.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00085-00035062-00035202": "The same thing.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00086-00035202-00035420": "Put a mark on center.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00087-00035520-00035635": "Like this.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00088-00035714-00035970": "Hold center.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00089-00036045-00036207": "Put a mark here.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00090-00036290-00036577": "It's hard to see, so I put a mark.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00091-00036769-00036897": "Here to here.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00092-00037929-00038078": "Now I use scissors.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00093-00038078-00038632": "Using blade like that is easier to cut straight.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00094-00038934-00039180": "If you like scissors better,", "2UJQmXuXo20-00095-00039339-00039603": "please use scissors.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00096-00039733-00039914": "I like blades better.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00097-00039970-00040288": "I can't cut straight with scissors,", "2UJQmXuXo20-00098-00040288-00040531": "so I cut like this.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00099-00041102-00041317": "I'll cut this part off.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00100-00041738-00041890": "then,", "2UJQmXuXo20-00101-00041946-00042360": "it became a milk pack.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00102-00042360-00042474": "But,", "2UJQmXuXo20-00103-00042568-00042969": "it'll be too hard to draw after build it,", "2UJQmXuXo20-00104-00042969-00043272": "so I'll draw now!", "2UJQmXuXo20-00105-00043331-00043613": "I'll draw on this side.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00106-00051074-00051417": "I didn't use this pen but only color pencils.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00107-00051417-00051716": "Finally, I'll build it!", "2UJQmXuXo20-00108-00051716-00052066": "I'll glue on this extra space.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00109-00052842-00053156": "Sequence doesn't matter, any oder you like.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00110-00053666-00053907": "But I glue here first,", "2UJQmXuXo20-00111-00054140-00054495": "I hold from inside like this.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00112-00054973-00055259": "You can glue here too.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00113-00055295-00055460": "Then,", "2UJQmXuXo20-00114-00055539-00055786": "That spots won't be open like that.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00115-00056238-00056435": "I didn't cut straight here,", "2UJQmXuXo20-00116-00056435-00056664": "so I cut it off!", "2UJQmXuXo20-00117-00056884-00057201": "If I cut straight, it won't happen!", "2UJQmXuXo20-00118-00057201-00057429": "Last thing, glue here.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00119-00057890-00058164": "Here and here.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00120-00058164-00058480": "Reasons I used stick glue,", "2UJQmXuXo20-00121-00058827-00059091": "paper won't get wrinkled,", "2UJQmXuXo20-00122-00059091-00059405": "and it's easy to peel off.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00123-00059926-00060190": "Before glue this part,", "2UJQmXuXo20-00124-00060190-00060458": "I need to do one more thing!", "2UJQmXuXo20-00125-00060458-00060706": "I put candies here!", "2UJQmXuXo20-00126-00061071-00061391": "You can put anything you want!", "2UJQmXuXo20-00127-00061391-00061714": "Maybe you can put a tiny card!", "2UJQmXuXo20-00128-00061934-00062086": "Well, in the box,", "2UJQmXuXo20-00129-00063296-00063681": "You can put a card here.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00130-00063681-00064052": "It's dry already, so I glue again.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00131-00064254-00064487": "Here, here and here.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00132-00065095-00065291": "Now I finished!", "2UJQmXuXo20-00133-00065291-00065622": "Here is Valentine's Milk Pack!", "2UJQmXuXo20-00134-00065622-00065959": "Maybe depends on the situations,", "2UJQmXuXo20-00135-00065959-00066422": "but personally I think this size is too big.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00136-00066422-00066698": "Maybe some people like this size,", "2UJQmXuXo20-00137-00066698-00067389": "but I guess half of A4 (letter size) would be cuter.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00138-00067389-00067884": "There's a last years video \"Valentine's Match Box\"", "2UJQmXuXo20-00139-00067884-00068246": "please check it out if you are interested.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00140-00068246-00068535": "The link is on information below.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00141-00068535-00068726": "Well, that's it for today.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00142-00068726-00069277": "If you like this video, please consider subscribing.", "2UJQmXuXo20-00143-00069277-00069500": "Thank you for watching!", "2UJQmXuXo20-00144-00069500-00069849": "Happy Valentine's Day for everyone!", "2UJQmXuXo20-00145-00069849-00070152": "See you next time! Bye bye!!"}}, {"audio_id": "2VdbXdWzbkI", "text": {"2VdbXdWzbkI-00000-00000000-00019002": "ATENTION: QUALIFIED PERSONEL MUST TRY WHAT WE DO IN THIS VIDEO WITH WORK SAFETY!"}}, {"audio_id": "2V4fczzRxEo", "text": {"2V4fczzRxEo-00000-00000028-00000362": "Hi, I'm John Green, this is Crash Course U.S. history, and today we're going to talk", "2V4fczzRxEo-00001-00000363-00000919": "about the guy who arguably did the most to shape the world that I live in. NO, Stan not", "2V4fczzRxEo-00002-00000919-00001387": "Carrottop. No, not Cumberbatch although he did do the most to shape the Tumblr that I", "2V4fczzRxEo-00003-00001387-00001687": "live in. I'm talking about The Great Communicator: Ronald Reagan.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00004-00001687-00002142": "Reagan is a fascinating president because he was, in lots of ways, straightforward.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00005-00002142-00002539": "His presidency was called the Reagan Revolution but it's a bit odd that he gets so much", "2V4fczzRxEo-00006-00002539-00002994": "credit for changing America because he was one of the least hands-on of all presidents", "2V4fczzRxEo-00007-00002994-00003500": "and as you know here at Crash Course we don't really indulge in great man history. So we're", "2V4fczzRxEo-00008-00003500-00003904": "going to talk about Reagan but we're also going to talk about the forces that predated", "2V4fczzRxEo-00009-00003904-00004251": "his presidency that led to the so-called Reagan Revolution.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00010-00004251-00004658": "Mr. Green? Mr Green? I remember some of this stuff. It's like almost interesting.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00011-00004658-00005108": "I'm glad to be almost interesting me from the past. Someday maybe you'll be almost", "2V4fczzRxEo-00012-00005108-00005808": "interesting. Intro", "2V4fczzRxEo-00013-00006078-00006580": "The Reagan era began, unsurprisingly, with his election to the Presidency in 1980. Now,", "2V4fczzRxEo-00014-00006580-00007011": "anyone could have beaten Jimmy Carter, but Reagan succeeded largely by pulling together", "2V4fczzRxEo-00015-00007011-00007392": "many strands of conservatism. Reagan emphasized his belief in \"states", "2V4fczzRxEo-00016-00007392-00007809": "rights\" and he condemned \"welfare cheats.\" He also condemned busing and affirmative action.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00017-00007809-00008289": "And he won the support of religious conservatives, including the newly formed Moral Majority,", "2V4fczzRxEo-00018-00008289-00008741": "by standing for family values, even though in fact he was the first U.S. president to", "2V4fczzRxEo-00019-00008741-00009085": "have been divorced. Also, he once acted with a monkey. And there's", "2V4fczzRxEo-00020-00009085-00009407": "nothing \"family values\" about that. Stan just informed me that Ronald Reagan did", "2V4fczzRxEo-00021-00009407-00009986": "not in fact act with a monkey. He acted with a chimp. I apologize to all the primate rights", "2V4fczzRxEo-00022-00009986-00010265": "people out there. Good lord! Now Reagan also appealed to the so-called", "2V4fczzRxEo-00023-00010265-00010741": "white backlash, working class white people who resented the advances that African Americans", "2V4fczzRxEo-00024-00010741-00011178": "had made during the 1960s and the 1970s. And economic conservatives liked his anti-union,", "2V4fczzRxEo-00025-00011178-00011774": "low taxes, free market positions, and anti-government crusaders and libertarians liked his assertion", "2V4fczzRxEo-00026-00011774-00012170": "that government was not the solution to problems, but was itself the problem.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00027-00012170-00012557": "Then there were the Cold War hawks who liked his militant anti-Soviet rhetoric and his", "2V4fczzRxEo-00028-00012557-00012926": "desire to spend more on the military. Now that's a big coalition but it turned", "2V4fczzRxEo-00029-00012926-00013395": "out to be just barely a majority coalition. Still Reagan won in 1980.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00030-00013395-00013776": "He even carried the traditionally Democratic states of Illinois and New York proving that", "2V4fczzRxEo-00031-00013776-00014312": "Jimmy Carter truly was profoundly unelectable. A lot of Reagan's policy ideas weren't", "2V4fczzRxEo-00032-00014312-00014654": "all that popular at the time, but he truly was a great communicator.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00033-00014654-00014997": "I mean Reagan's was a former actor and he knew how to talk to people without them feeling", "2V4fczzRxEo-00034-00014997-00015123": "condescended to. Reagan's most famous campaign advertisement", "2V4fczzRxEo-00035-00015123-00015278": "proclaimed that it was \"morning in America\" again, and that relentless optimism (I mean", "2V4fczzRxEo-00036-00015278-00015562": "at least if you're a morning person) was a welcome contrast to Jimmy Carter being like", "2V4fczzRxEo-00037-00015562-00016262": "\"you should wear sweaters inside to save fuel.\" Sorry Jimmy this is America!", "2V4fczzRxEo-00038-00016490-00016870": "Ronald Reagan used the word \"freedom\" more than any other president in American", "2V4fczzRxEo-00039-00016870-00017204": "history, but it's interesting to think about what he meant by the word \"freedom.\"", "2V4fczzRxEo-00040-00017204-00017632": "Because as we've seen in American history freedom has meant lots of things to lots of", "2V4fczzRxEo-00041-00017632-00017935": "people. Is freedom, freedom from government tyranny?", "2V4fczzRxEo-00042-00017935-00018409": "Or is freedom government protection from hunger and homelessness and military attacks?", "2V4fczzRxEo-00043-00018409-00018723": "Do governments ultimately restrict freedom or provide it?", "2V4fczzRxEo-00044-00018723-00019018": "Now there's no question that the federal government that Ronald Reagan inherited would", "2V4fczzRxEo-00045-00019018-00019468": "have been absolutely foreign to the people who founded this country.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00046-00019468-00019893": "I mean Social Security, Federal Income Taxes, the National Endowment for the Arts.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00047-00019893-00020390": "But some people would argue that the America of 1980 was much more free for more Americans", "2V4fczzRxEo-00048-00020390-00020829": "than say the America of 1790 when after all slavery was legal.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00049-00020829-00021202": "And in fact in the early 19th century many slave owners said that the government was", "2V4fczzRxEo-00050-00021202-00021615": "taking away their freedom to own slaves. Ultimately, the question for how we should", "2V4fczzRxEo-00051-00021615-00022015": "imagine freedom and how we should allow for it, is at the center of American history.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00052-00022015-00022395": "And a big part of Ronald Reagan's vision of freedom was economic freedom, which he", "2V4fczzRxEo-00053-00022395-00022837": "laid out in his Economic Bill of Rights. It would curtain union power, reduce federal", "2V4fczzRxEo-00054-00022837-00023263": "regulation of industry and the environment, and most of all lower taxes.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00055-00023263-00023673": "All these ideas were a big part of the Reagan Revolution. But as we know much of what he", "2V4fczzRxEo-00056-00023673-00024043": "proposed had been brewing for years during the rise of conservatism.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00057-00024043-00024462": "So what aspects this Economic Bill of Rights actually ended up happening? Well, his main", "2V4fczzRxEo-00058-00024462-00025001": "accomplishment was lowering taxes: in 1981 Reagan persuaded Congress to lower the top", "2V4fczzRxEo-00059-00025001-00025552": "tax rate from 70% to 50%. In 1986, Congress went even further with the", "2V4fczzRxEo-00060-00025552-00025952": "Tax Reform Act that lowered the top income tax rate to 28%.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00061-00025952-00026652": "Oh, it's time for the mystery document! The rules here are simple...", "2V4fczzRxEo-00062-00026668-00027049": "I read the mystery document, I either get the author of it correct or I get shocked.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00063-00027049-00027508": "Alright here we go. Can I just take a preliminary guess and say that it's going to be Reagan?", "2V4fczzRxEo-00064-00027508-00027975": "\"I will not accept the excuse that the Federal Government has grown so big and powerful that", "2V4fczzRxEo-00065-00027975-00028464": "it is beyond the control of any President, any administration or Congress. We are going", "2V4fczzRxEo-00066-00028464-00028984": "to put an end to the notion that the American taxpayer exists to fund the Federal Government.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00067-00028984-00029416": "The Federal Government exists to serve the American people and to be accountable to the", "2V4fczzRxEo-00068-00029416-00029881": "American people. On January 20, we are going to re-establish that truth.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00069-00029881-00030331": "Also on that date we are going to initiate action to get substantial relief for our taxpaying", "2V4fczzRxEo-00070-00030331-00030853": "citizens and to put people back to work. [...] We will simply apply to our government the common", "2V4fczzRxEo-00071-00030853-00031208": "sense that we use in our daily lives.\"", "2V4fczzRxEo-00072-00031208-00031512": "It is Reagan!", "2V4fczzRxEo-00073-00031512-00031831": "Stan is telling me that I'm not going to get the check mark unless I guess the correct", "2V4fczzRxEo-00074-00031831-00031858": "speech?", "2V4fczzRxEo-00075-00031858-00032191": "Well he talked about January 20th, so obviously it's not his inaugural address.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00076-00032191-00032518": "It's either the acceptance speech he gave at the convention or like the speech that", "2V4fczzRxEo-00077-00032518-00033122": "he gave after he was elected. But I don't think.... convention? Yes!", "2V4fczzRxEo-00078-00033122-00033603": "So the idea that to lower taxes is the best way to spur economic growth is called supply", "2V4fczzRxEo-00079-00033603-00034065": "side-economics, trickle down economics or, if you're George HW Bush running against", "2V4fczzRxEo-00080-00034065-00034365": "Reagan in the 1980 primaries, voodoo economics.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00081-00034365-00034831": "Sadly, this does not involve zombies or putting pins in dolls. Instead, it's about high", "2V4fczzRxEo-00082-00034831-00035372": "interest rates to combat inflation coupled with cutting taxes, especially for wealthy", "2V4fczzRxEo-00083-00035394-00035837": "Those rich people then spend more and invest more in private enterprise which creates new", "2V4fczzRxEo-00084-00035837-00035883": "jobs.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00085-00035883-00036247": "Also, the thinking goes that lower taxes will encourage people to work harder since they", "2V4fczzRxEo-00086-00036247-00036413": "will be able to keep more of their money.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00087-00036413-00036827": "Did this work? Eh. Now we're getting into the part of history where it depends on your", "2V4fczzRxEo-00088-00036827-00036912": "political perspective.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00089-00036912-00037475": "Initially, the high interest rates definitely provoked a recession in 1981 and 1982. Which", "2V4fczzRxEo-00090-00037475-00037566": "was not ideal.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00091-00037566-00038266": "But, inflation did drop from 13.5% in 1981 to 3.5% in 1988 and after 1982 the economy", "2V4fczzRxEo-00092-00038383-00038478": "began expanding.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00093-00038478-00038913": "And the rest of the Reagan era saw consistent increases in gross domestic product; however,", "2V4fczzRxEo-00094-00038913-00039443": "not everyone benefited from that expansion. While the stock market boomed, wages didn't", "2V4fczzRxEo-00095-00039443-00039687": "rise very much. And in fact, haven't risen since.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00096-00039687-00040047": "Now one of the central ideas of supply-side economics is that you have lower tax rates", "2V4fczzRxEo-00097-00040047-00040450": "and you also cut government spending. Because, you know, the government has less money.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00098-00040450-00040872": "Which, yeah, it did not happen. The government is always good at cutting taxes but never", "2V4fczzRxEo-00099-00040872-00041009": "good at cutting spending.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00100-00041009-00041496": "The Reagan era did see cuts to some programs, but the really expensive items: Social Security,", "2V4fczzRxEo-00101-00041496-00041774": "Medicare, Medicaid, they remained largely intact.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00102-00041774-00042128": "And instead of cutting the overall amount of spending it actually went up considerably", "2V4fczzRxEo-00103-00042128-00042662": "because of the defense spending binge that saw the national debt balloon to 2.7 trillion", "2V4fczzRxEo-00104-00042662-00042690": "dollars.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00105-00042690-00043261": "But Reagan totally did deliver on his anti-union rhetoric. In August 1981, when the unionized", "2V4fczzRxEo-00106-00043261-00043722": "air traffic controllers went out on strike, violating federal law in the process, Reagan", "2V4fczzRxEo-00107-00043722-00044146": "fired more than 11 thousand controllers who refused to return to work..", "2V4fczzRxEo-00108-00044146-00044581": "So as I mentioned before, the 80's were a pretty great decade for Wall Street generally,", "2V4fczzRxEo-00109-00044581-00044990": "which is why Oliver Stone made a movie about it that immortalized the line \"Greed is", "2V4fczzRxEo-00110-00044990-00045044": "Good.\"", "2V4fczzRxEo-00111-00045044-00045572": "In the 1980s it became easier to make money buying and merging companies than actually", "2V4fczzRxEo-00112-00045572-00046272": "like running them profitably. But fortunately we later dealt with that problem..... ugh.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00113-00046593-00047043": "We never fix the problems, we only fix the things that are fine.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00114-00047043-00047284": "One of the reasons that American history is so important to me is that I want us as a", "2V4fczzRxEo-00115-00047284-00047716": "country to like summon the courage to deal seriously with our problems. Sometimes I think", "2V4fczzRxEo-00116-00047716-00048269": "that we're just so cowardly like we're the cowardliest country on Earth... alright", "2V4fczzRxEo-00117-00048269-00048325": "the French.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00118-00048325-00048725": "Right, but like the merger of RJ Reynolds Tobacco, maker of Winston cigarettes, and", "2V4fczzRxEo-00119-00048725-00049203": "Nabisco, which gave us Oreos, not only created a cancer and heart disease dream team, it", "2V4fczzRxEo-00120-00049203-00049743": "also generated nearly $1 billion for the lawyers and bankers who put the deal together.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00121-00049743-00050115": "But if you were like most of us in the 80's watching Dallas and Dynasty, working at your", "2V4fczzRxEo-00122-00050115-00050544": "regular job, inexplicably having a carpeted bathroom, than you probably didn't share", "2V4fczzRxEo-00123-00050544-00050606": "in that abundance.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00124-00050606-00051056": "The 80's saw a rising economic inequality, although not nearly as dramatic as we see", "2V4fczzRxEo-00125-00051056-00051688": "today. By the mid 1990s the richest 1% controlled 40% of the nation's wealth, double the share", "2V4fczzRxEo-00126-00051688-00051834": "from 20 years before.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00127-00051834-00052278": "Meanwhile the income of middle class families stagnated and that of the poorest 20% began", "2V4fczzRxEo-00128-00052278-00052358": "to decline.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00129-00052358-00052823": "And one often overlooked aspect of de-regulation was the closing of hospitals for the mentally", "2V4fczzRxEo-00130-00052823-00053275": "ill. Now, some of these institutions were hellish, but rapid closure of all of these", "2V4fczzRxEo-00131-00053275-00053741": "facilities without replacement services meant that many patients were left to live on the", "2V4fczzRxEo-00132-00053741-00053932": "street. Homelessness increased dramatically.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00133-00053932-00054400": "Now of course Reagan is considered the darling of conservatives today, but by current standards", "2V4fczzRxEo-00134-00054400-00054554": "he was something of a moderate.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00135-00054554-00054930": "I mean yes, he cut taxes, and he cut funding for programs that helped the poor like food", "2V4fczzRxEo-00136-00054930-00055063": "stamps and school lunches.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00137-00055063-00055441": "But during his second term he worked effectively with the democratic congress. There's no", "2V4fczzRxEo-00138-00055441-00055566": "bipartisanship today.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00139-00055566-00056013": "Also, he left the big New Deal and Great Society programs largely intact.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00140-00056013-00056363": "I mean he was too old to believe in cutting Medicare. He was like \"all of my friends", "2V4fczzRxEo-00141-00056363-00056416": "are on this.\"", "2V4fczzRxEo-00142-00056416-00056804": "And the 80s also didn't see the fulfillment of the desires of the Christian Right. I mean", "2V4fczzRxEo-00143-00056804-00057338": "divorce rates went up, abortion continued to be legal, women didn't leave the workforce.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00144-00057338-00057720": "In fact, Reagan appointed the first woman to the Supreme Court. Are you kidding? We", "2V4fczzRxEo-00145-00057720-00058227": "didn't have a woman in the Supreme Court until the 1980s? This is the craziest country", "2V4fczzRxEo-00146-00058227-00058279": "ever.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00147-00058279-00058725": "Even affirmative action persisted, and Nancy Reagan's urging of Americans to \"Just", "2V4fczzRxEo-00148-00058725-00058958": "Say No\" to drugs didn't convince anybody.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00149-00058958-00059380": "And then we have Ronald Reagan's reputation as the man who ended the Cold War. The thinking", "2V4fczzRxEo-00150-00059380-00059845": "here goes that Reagan spent so much money on defense that the Soviet Union bankrupted", "2V4fczzRxEo-00151-00059845-00060012": "itself trying to compete.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00152-00060012-00060330": "And there may be a case to be made there but we don't want to remove agency from the", "2V4fczzRxEo-00153-00060330-00060691": "people who protested the oppression of life behind the Iron Curtain.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00154-00060691-00061091": "So while you can argue that the Reagan administration helped create good conditions for the change", "2V4fczzRxEo-00155-00061091-00061583": "that happened, the people who made the change, made it. Alright. Let's go to the ThoughtBubble.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00156-00061583-00061948": "In his first term Ronald Reagan took a really hard line against the Soviet Union. He called", "2V4fczzRxEo-00157-00061948-00062522": "it an Evil Empire and even once joked that the U.S. would \"begin bombing in 5 minutes.\"", "2V4fczzRxEo-00158-00062522-00062994": "That was ill advised. Reagan also sponsored the largest military buildup in U.S history", "2V4fczzRxEo-00159-00062994-00063144": "including the MX missile.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00160-00063144-00063752": "The highlight was his proposed Strategic Defense Initiative aka Star Wars: space-based missiles", "2V4fczzRxEo-00161-00063752-00064239": "and lasers for shooting Soviet missiles out of the sky. This was a fantastic idea, although", "2V4fczzRxEo-00162-00064239-00064741": "it would have violated the 1972 Anti-ballistic Missile Treaty, but anyway it was technologically", "2V4fczzRxEo-00163-00064741-00065101": "impossible to build. The force was not strong with this idea.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00164-00065101-00065513": "Reagan also pressured NATO to put missiles in Western Europe and the war games that NATO", "2V4fczzRxEo-00165-00065513-00066044": "staged in 1983 were so realistic that the Soviets almost scrambled their planes and", "2V4fczzRxEo-00166-00066044-00066188": "launched ICBMs.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00167-00066188-00066591": "Now if that had resulted in nuclear war, we would have a very different story on our hands,", "2V4fczzRxEo-00168-00066591-00067036": "but it didn't. And Regan's aggressive nuclear posturing had a couple of positive", "2V4fczzRxEo-00169-00067036-00067079": "results.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00170-00067079-00067525": "First, it boosted the world wide anti-nuclear weapons movement, called the FREEZE movement.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00171-00067525-00068010": "Second, it turned Reagan into the most successful nuclear abolitionist in the atomic age.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00172-00068010-00068395": "There's nothing like a reasonably close brush with nuclear apocalypse to tone down", "2V4fczzRxEo-00173-00068395-00068851": "your rhetoric a little. In his second term Reagan was much more conciliatory towards", "2V4fczzRxEo-00174-00068851-00069122": "the Soviets and worked to reduce the number of warheads.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00175-00069122-00069570": "In his first term, according to the historian Victor Sebastian, \"[Reagan] spent nearly", "2V4fczzRxEo-00176-00069570-00070151": "as much on defense as Presidents Nixon, Ford, and Carter combined and much more than both", "2V4fczzRxEo-00177-00070151-00070686": "the cost of the Korean and Vietnam wars,\"[1] but in his second, Reagan toned down both", "2V4fczzRxEo-00178-00070686-00071220": "the spending and his rhetoric, declaring, \"Our constant and urgent purpose must be", "2V4fczzRxEo-00179-00071220-00071522": "a lasting reduction of tensions between us.\"[2]", "2V4fczzRxEo-00180-00071522-00071901": "Thanks, Thought Bubble. So, Reagan was able to negotiate the first reduction in nuclear", "2V4fczzRxEo-00181-00071901-00072263": "weapons with the new Soviet Premier Mikhail Gorbachev in 1986.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00182-00072263-00072691": "In fact, the two leaders might have tried to get rid of nuclear weapons altogether,", "2V4fczzRxEo-00183-00072691-00073139": "but Reagan's unwillingness to give up his Star Wars initiative made that impossible.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00184-00073139-00073566": "That was a big deal, but the rest of Reagan's foreign policy was somewhat less triumphant.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00185-00073566-00073939": "For instance, he sent Marines to Lebanon as part of a peacekeeping mission, but then withdrew", "2V4fczzRxEo-00186-00073939-00074282": "forces after 241 of them were killed by a car bomb.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00187-00074282-00074729": "And Middle Eastern policy played a key role in the biggest controversy of Reagan's presidency:", "2V4fczzRxEo-00188-00074729-00074894": "the Iran-Contra Scandal.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00189-00074894-00075251": "This was truly one of the craziest schemes ever hatched up by an American presidential", "2V4fczzRxEo-00190-00075251-00075451": "administration. Which is really saying something.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00191-00075451-00075986": "The Contras were rebels seeking to overthrow the socialist Sandinista government of Nicaragua.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00192-00075986-00076435": "Because they were anti-communists and the Cold War was in full swing, the Reagan administration", "2V4fczzRxEo-00193-00076435-00076847": "wanted to support them. But Congress passed a law saying that they couldn't.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00194-00076847-00077310": "So two administration officials, John Poindexter and Oliver North, got creative. They hatched", "2V4fczzRxEo-00195-00077310-00077845": "a plan to sell arms to the Iranian government, still technically our enemies, and then funnelled", "2V4fczzRxEo-00196-00077845-00078154": "some of the profits from these illegal arms sales to the Contras.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00197-00078154-00078476": "And Congress would never have to know about it. Except that they found out.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00198-00078476-00078864": "Congressional hearings followed, and we learned a lot about Ronald Reagan's penchant for", "2V4fczzRxEo-00199-00078864-00079149": "delegating the details of his policy to underlings.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00200-00079149-00079544": "In this case, that served him well as he could plausibly claim that he knew nothing about", "2V4fczzRxEo-00201-00079544-00079777": "the clandestine activities of these two rogue employees.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00202-00079875-00080286": "And this gets to the big point of the Reagan era. I'm not sure that it was really about", "2V4fczzRxEo-00203-00080286-00080830": "Reagan. In fact, I'm not sure that any great-man history is really about the great men that", "2V4fczzRxEo-00204-00080830-00080979": "supposedly spearheaded it.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00205-00080979-00081322": "Whether or not you think America is better off from the rise of conservatism we've", "2V4fczzRxEo-00206-00081322-00081833": "seen since LBJ's great society. It wasn't really, and it still really isn't about", "2V4fczzRxEo-00207-00081833-00081894": "individuals.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00208-00081894-00082536": "It's about us collectively deciding what we mean when we talk about freedom and equality.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00209-00082536-00082722": "Thanks for watching. I'll see you next week.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00210-00082722-00083058": "Crash Course is made with all the help from these nice people. Who work on this show partly", "2V4fczzRxEo-00211-00083058-00083364": "because they care it and partly because, you know, money.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00212-00083364-00083742": "If you want to help us in our mission to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever, please", "2V4fczzRxEo-00213-00083742-00084204": "consider subscribing over at Subbable. A voluntary subscription platform that allows you to pay", "2V4fczzRxEo-00214-00084204-00084479": "whatever you want monthly to make Crash Course exist.", "2V4fczzRxEo-00215-00084479-00084875": "Thanks for watching Crash Course and as they say in my hometown \"It's morning in America.\"", "2V4fczzRxEo-00216-00084962-00085178": "What should I say - \"Don't Forget To Be Awesome\"?"}}, {"audio_id": "2VrsVaLLSVQ", "text": {"2VrsVaLLSVQ-00000-00000100-00000297": "Young Male Gorilla Goes Wild To Get Mom's attention."}}, {"audio_id": "2VrUpRzUFI0", "text": {"2VrUpRzUFI0-00000-00000000-00000200": "First open the manga picture you wanna crop, it is better if you make copy of single pic.", "2VrUpRzUFI0-00001-00000200-00000366": "For example, I copied \"Gelateria Supernova_c01_p18\" by pressing Ctrl+C and then Ctrl+v. We gonna have two pictures of same  Manga pic.", "2VrUpRzUFI0-00002-00000476-00000754": "Open in Paint.", "2VrUpRzUFI0-00003-00001000-00001536": "Then \"Select\" the right area.", "2VrUpRzUFI0-00004-00001536-00001844": "Click \"crop\".", "2VrUpRzUFI0-00005-00001938-00002884": "Select a \"rectangle\" shape for making a border for better template size.", "2VrUpRzUFI0-00006-00006744-00007388": "For filling in btw the panel it's better to use \"rectangle\" instead of \"line\".", "2VrUpRzUFI0-00007-00008059-00008392": "I haven't colored the other line because I will show you that in next video."}}, {"audio_id": "2VvoBeVu1Vc", "text": {"2VvoBeVu1Vc-00000-00000000-00000050": "valhav re nakhwa, valhav re nakhava dj, valhav re nakhava status, valhav re nakhava dj song, valhav re nakhava ho, valhav re nakhava dance, valhav re nakhava piano, valhav re nakhava, valhav re nakhava prajakta shukre lyrics, valhav re nakhava shankar mahadevan"}}, {"audio_id": "2VMpEawO2Ay", "text": {"2VMpEawO2Ay-00000-00000009-00000106": "In this video,", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00001-00000106-00000446": "I will share with you seven ways to avoid burnout in", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00002-00000446-00000649": "running your small business.", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00003-00000649-00000819": "By following these tips,", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00004-00000819-00001183": "you'll be able to keep your energy up and your business", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00005-00001183-00001313": "running smoothly.", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00006-00001313-00001637": "We'll uncover these together right after this.", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00007-00001637-00002014": "Running a small business can be extremely rewarding,", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00008-00002014-00002365": "but it can also be very demanding and challenging.", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00009-00002365-00002851": "Therefore it's essential to take time for yourself to avoid burnout.", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00010-00002851-00003119": "And here are seven ways to do just that.", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00011-00003119-00003436": "One of the best ways to avoid burnout is to take", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00012-00003436-00003552": "regular breaks.", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00013-00003552-00003878": "When you're feeling overwhelmed or stressed.", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00014-00003878-00004219": "Step away from your work for a few minutes and take", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00015-00004219-00004453": "some time to relax or go for a walk,", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00016-00004453-00004536": "read a book,", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00017-00004536-00004720": "or take some deep breaths.", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00018-00004720-00005103": "This will help clear your mind and refresh your energy.", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00019-00005217-00005556": "Another critical way to avoid burnout is to ensure that you", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00020-00005556-00005721": "take time for yourself.", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00021-00005796-00006276": "It's easy to get caught up in running your business so", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00022-00006276-00006516": "that you forget to take care of yourself.", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00023-00006594-00007044": "Make sure that you schedule time each day or week for", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00024-00007044-00007383": "activities that you enjoy and make you feel good.", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00025-00007425-00007683": "This could be anything from going to the gym to taking", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00026-00007683-00007779": "a yoga class.", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00027-00007887-00008199": "One of the best ways to avoid burnout is to delegate", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00028-00008199-00008385": "some of your tasks to others.", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00029-00008427-00008496": "For example,", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00030-00008499-00008838": "if there are aspects of your business that you don't enjoy,", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00031-00008847-00009054": "or that are draining your energy,", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00032-00009078-00009282": "hire someone to take care of them for you.", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00033-00009357-00009567": "This will free up your time and energy.", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00034-00009567-00009831": "So you can focus on the parts of your business that", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00035-00009831-00009954": "you're passionate about.", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00036-00010044-00010323": "Another way to avoid burnout is to plan ahead.", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00037-00010353-00010623": "When you have a clear plan for what needs to be", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00038-00010623-00011055": "done, staying focused and motivated is more effortless.", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00039-00011121-00011499": "Make a list of tasks that need to be completed each", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00040-00011499-00011844": "week and block out time in your schedule to work on", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00041-00011844-00012204": "them. This will help you stay on track and avoid feeling", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00042-00012204-00012639": "overwhelmed. Another great way to avoid burnout is to have a", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00043-00012639-00013110": "coach or mentor having someone to talk to who understands the", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00044-00013110-00013466": "challenges of running a small business can be beneficial.", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00045-00013533-00013608": "In addition,", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00046-00013626-00013974": "they can offer advice and support when you feel stressed or", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00047-00013974-00014034": "burnt out.", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00048-00014138-00014499": "One of the best ways to avoid burnout is to prioritize", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00049-00014499-00014607": "your time and energy.", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00050-00014663-00014822": "When you're feeling overwhelmed,", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00051-00014850-00015153": "focusing on the most critical tasks is essential.", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00052-00015194-00015566": "So make a list of your priorities and ensure you're spending", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00053-00015566-00015831": "your time and energy on those things.", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00054-00015866-00016212": "This will help you stay focused and avoid getting bogged down", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00055-00016212-00016464": "in tasks that aren't as important.", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00056-00016545-00016986": "Another critical way to avoid burnout is to set boundaries when", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00057-00016986-00017170": "running a small business,", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00058-00017170-00017378": "it's easy to work all the time,", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00059-00017378-00017777": "but it's essential to set aside time for yourself and your", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00060-00017777-00018210": "family. Make sure you take weekends off and take vacation days", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00061-00018210-00018302": "when needed.", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00062-00018302-00018710": "This will help you recharge and come back to your business,", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00063-00018710-00018893": "refreshed and energized.", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00064-00018893-00019368": "Following these tips can avoid burnout and keep your small business", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00065-00019368-00019501": "running smoothly.", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00066-00019567-00019969": "Would you like to discover more about this and other topics", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00067-00019969-00020264": "essential to business success and growth?", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00068-00020264-00020355": "Yeah. Great.", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00069-00020355-00020658": "Then there are a few things that you need to do", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00070-00020658-00020732": "right now.", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00071-00020732-00020888": "First like this video,", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00072-00020888-00021191": "so I know that you got value and I'll make more", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00073-00021191-00021339": "videos like this one.", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00074-00021339-00021741": "Second, subscribe to this channel and click the bell to get", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00075-00021741-00022110": "notified whenever we post a new video so that you don't", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00076-00022110-00022504": "miss a single piece of the valuable information we share.", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00077-00022603-00022992": "Next, leave me a comment with your questions,", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00078-00022992-00023504": "suggestions, or just what you liked or didn't like about the", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00079-00023504-00023647": "video. And last,", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00080-00023647-00024139": "click the link in the description to register for our next", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00081-00024139-00024272": "live web class.", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00082-00024272-00024784": "We hold them on Thursdays and unearth the secrets to scaling", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00083-00024784-00024917": "your business.", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00084-00024917-00025572": "You can also register by going to www.businesssuccess.group/scalinglive", "2VMpEawO2Ay-00085-00025572-00026023": "that's www.businesssuccess.group/scalinglive."}}]