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+[{"audio_id": "9ctJ6MyCi4U", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "9cz-BHcBp2y", "text": {"9cz-BHcBp2y-00000-00000011-00000415": "Hi all of you far away first fans, my name is Lisa Bruno and I am an objects conservator", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00001-00000415-00000871": "here at the Brooklyn museum and I am looking forward to doing a Q&A with you on Facebook.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00002-00000871-00001342": "So first of all does everyone know what a conservator does or the difference between", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00003-00001342-00001921": "a conservator and a curator role in a museum? OK, well what a conservator does is, they", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00004-00001921-00002829": "are responsible for the care and conservation of the works of arts and the collection.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00005-00002829-00003279": "It's pretty much standardized now in the United States where you study art history, studio", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00006-00003279-00003802": "art, and chemistry on an undergrad level, and then at graduate school there is actually", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00007-00003802-00004394": "four programs now and, our conservation at the United States and that's where you specialize", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00008-00004394-00004909": "into either paintings, paper, textiles, furniture or objects.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00009-00004909-00005437": "In the Brooklyn museum we have the paintings conservators, paper conservators, and an object", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00010-00005437-00006154": "conservator like me. And by objects it means, I deal with anything that is three dimensional.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00011-00006154-00006629": "So you're all the members of the museum that involves everything from ancient Egyptian", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00012-00006629-00007265": "objects that we will be talking about tonight, to contemporary plastic sculptures that remain", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00013-00007265-00007581": "two days ago. So it's a lot of variety and that's I particularly", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00014-00007581-00008023": "love about the job and so should we get the lights...", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00015-00008023-00008267": "Sure.... We will to do a little PowerPoint first and", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00016-00008267-00008640": "then we are going to pull out examples of some animal mummy's that you guys actually", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00017-00008640-00009040": "look at it. OK, now the initial inception of this project", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00018-00009040-00009516": "to actually study our animal mummy research, grew out of a project called, \"To live forever,", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00019-00009516-00010137": "\" which is actually a traveling exhibition, which our curator Ed Glyberg, he has a particular", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00020-00010137-00010597": "knack of going into the storage and looking at objects that haven't ever been on display", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00021-00010597-00011099": "at the Brooklyn museum or haven't been on display for a long time, and trying to think", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00022-00011099-00011690": "about new ways to present it to the public. So this exhibition discusses funerary practices", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00023-00011690-00012318": "from the old kingdom to the Roman period, but it's particularly focusing on how economics", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00024-00012318-00012809": "played a factor in that. So if you were royal, what would your coffin", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00025-00012809-00013690": "look like. But, if you were say less of means, like us, what would your burial tomb look", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00026-00013690-00014088": "like, what would your coffin look like, what could you afford. And that's the theme of", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00027-00014088-00014524": "the show and I am really happy to say that it's actually coming to the Brooklyn museum", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00028-00014524-00014972": "in February of 2010. So hopefully we can do some programming around", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00029-00014972-00015472": "that, because there are some great objects that really have never been on display here", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00030-00015472-00016054": "and there were some really interesting treatments. And part of this exhibition includes two dog", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00031-00016054-00016637": "mummies and a human mummy. We actually study the human mummy for the exhibition. This is", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00032-00016637-00017352": "Demerits. He was excavated in Egypt in 1910 by the British school of archaeology.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00033-00017352-00018180": "So in 1911, he came direct basically from the excavation to the Brooklyn museum. Unlike", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00034-00018180-00018919": "some objects that don't have an archaeological provenance, he actually has an actual provenance.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00035-00018919-00019468": "Part of the study, he is part of a group Roman mummies that are called \"Red Shroud\" mummies.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00036-00019468-00020606": "And that's because their final layer of linen and it's covered with this red, painted shroud...So", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00037-00020606-00020981": "there is probably about fourteen known in the world and they are all in different collections.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00038-00020981-00021514": "They are two actually at the Getty museum, and a scientist at the Getty Conservation", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00039-00021514-00022015": "Institute wanted to study these mummies. So they came up to Brooklyn, they took samples", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00040-00022015-00022690": "of the paint. The really interesting thing is he found the paint was made from red lead,", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00041-00022690-00023205": "and because it was made from lead, you can do lead isotope analysis on it, which they", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00042-00023205-00023873": "did with our paint samples was six others that they tested. And they isolated the source", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00043-00023873-00024442": "of the lead to be formed a region in southern Spain called Rio Tinto; which today is a mining", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00044-00024442-00024787": "region as well. Which says something about trade roots in", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00045-00024787-00025181": "Roman Egypt, that they were actually getting the source of this paint, the lead for the", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00046-00025181-00025766": "paint from Southern Spain. But the really interesting thing is that all the trace elements", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00047-00025766-00026574": "were exactly the same for all of these samples of paint. This would lead, led him to believe", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00048-00026574-00027097": "that it came from basically the same can of paint. So all of these mummies were found,", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00049-00027097-00027630": "at all different times, in all different parts of Egypt but clearly, they were processed", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00050-00027630-00028225": "and became mummies at the exact same time in the exact same place, which is pretty fascinating.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00051-00028225-00028683": "So that was one interesting thing. The second thing was there was always a question", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00052-00028683-00029338": "about his age because he... when he was cataloged his fayum portrait, which is this here, which", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00053-00029338-00029887": "is made from a really thin piece of wood, had already been removed from the mummy. Because...", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00054-00029887-00030420": "I think it was removed in the '30s here at the museum and we have a record of that. Because", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00055-00030420-00030620": "people were thinking: We'll never put the mummy on display.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00056-00030620-00031051": "So they took the beautiful portrait off and that was on display for several years in the", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00057-00031051-00031815": "gallery. Then the body was actually properly cataloged. Because of the spelling of the", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00058-00031815-00032402": "name Demetrius, and because it was dirty at that point, people actually cataloged him", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00059-00032402-00032808": "as being female [slight laugh] because they thought it was a female spelling of the name.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00060-00032808-00033422": "And they also cataloged the name, the age as being 89, which our curator thought, \"That", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00061-00033422-00033911": "doesn't make any sense, I mean, 89 is pretty old for an ancient Egyptian to live so how", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00062-00033911-00034247": "old is his really?\" First of all, is it a he, and how old is he", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00063-00034247-00034897": "really? So we took the body to the North Shore hospital and we did CT scanning. Which is", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00064-00034897-00035388": "actually a form of X ray but it's a little fancier in that in an X ray you look at the", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00065-00035388-00035871": "entire, you look through one plane of the object but the entire object. Where as CT", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00066-00035871-00036387": "scanning you can actually isolate planes. So here we have a cross section. This is just", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00067-00036387-00036981": "a little refresher on how to look at an X ray. Anything that appears white means its", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00068-00036981-00037463": "denser and more radio opaque. So this area right here, this is actually", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00069-00037463-00038133": "his body and so the dark spots here are the tissues of his body, where as these are his", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00070-00038133-00038852": "arms, here and here, this is his vertebrae, this is his rib cage. And these, the doctors", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00071-00038852-00039287": "at North shore said these were gallstones which could have had something to do with", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00072-00039287-00039840": "his death. They looked at the body and said it was probably the age of a 50 something", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00073-00039840-00040293": "year old man. So that was interesting. And then when we ended up cleaning the paint", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00074-00040293-00040855": "surface here, the inscription of his age, I think is here and it became much clearer", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00075-00040855-00041427": "that the symbol that was interpreted as an eight in the '30s when he was cataloged was", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00076-00041427-00042133": "actually a five. So that inscription plus the scientific data, plus the fact that of", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00077-00042133-00042822": "all these mummies that have been CT scanned, their portraits do seem to be in conjunction", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00078-00042822-00043483": "with the same age as them. So that all seemed to jive in terms of him being that age.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00079-00043483-00044108": "The other thing that we had to...that we did is we did carbon fourteen dating on the linens.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00080-00044108-00044805": "And he died somewhere between 300 BCE and 98 ACE, which makes sense that stylistically", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00081-00044805-00045439": "the portrait would have been first century and the carbon 14 dating also corresponds", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00082-00045439-00046213": "with that. So that study is what really got our curator thinking, that: why don't we take", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00083-00046213-00046787": "a look at all of our mummies in our collection. So Brooklyn has about seven humans and over", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00084-00046787-00047313": "60 animals and there's a huge variety of styles. Some of them actually include coffins. Like,", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00085-00047313-00047821": "here's an example of an ibis coffin that's on display in the third floor gallery and", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00086-00047821-00048472": "it's a particularly special coffin because, first of all, it's made from wood that has", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00087-00048472-00049080": "been gilt and has these beautiful mounts at the head and the feet made out of silver.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00088-00049080-00049558": "It is actually a very unique object in the history of Egyptian art.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00089-00049558-00050552": "So, when we took an x ray of this, what we find inside is actually a mummified bird,", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00090-00050552-00051030": "which indicates to us that it is ancient. The other thing, and again, looking at the", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00091-00051030-00051596": "x ray, you know that dense objects are radio pix, so it makes sense that the silver objects", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00092-00051596-00052369": "here are solid cast. The other thing we notice is it is not fitting so tightly in here. There", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00093-00052369-00053031": "is this other radio of opaque material that is fitting around this. You think, \"OK. This", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00094-00053031-00053508": "is a really special object. It was made really well. You think the mounts would fit better", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00095-00053508-00053886": "into the wood.\" I mean maybe not, but it is sort of makes", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00096-00053886-00054374": "us think, \"Well, let's look at this a little closer.\" So, we actually did a metal analysis", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00097-00054374-00054994": "on the silver, and unfortunately we found zinc in it, which in all the studies that", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00098-00054994-00055514": "have been done on Ancient Egyptian silver, zinc is really not a component of Ancient", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00099-00055514-00056416": "Egyptian silver. So, what does that say? There are examples of wooden ibis coffins", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00100-00056416-00057417": "that have copper alloy mounts of head and feet, and this is just an example of the problem", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00101-00057417-00057944": "that can sometimes happen with objects that are collected that don't have an archeological", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00102-00057944-00058504": "provenance, because we got that ibis coffin in 1949 directly from a dealer in Cairo.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00103-00058504-00059011": "So, we don't have a history. We don't know when those silver mounts were added. Now,", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00104-00059011-00059716": "they could have been added in the 19th Century, sort of as a means of venerating the object", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00105-00059716-00060201": "immediately after it was excavated, or it could have been added in 1949, as a way of", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00106-00060201-00060643": "like making this object more expensive and more special, because they wanted to sell", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00107-00060643-00061175": "it to a museum, like the Brooklyn Museum. Now, I as an Objects Conservator, my job is", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00108-00061175-00061670": "not to interpret that. My job is just to present the information to the curator, and I am so", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00109-00061670-00062037": "glad that it is his job to actually interpret that.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00110-00062037-00062713": "This copper alloy ibis head is actually also on display right now in the Egyptian Galleries.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00111-00062713-00063313": "So, another form of animal mummy coffin that is particularly special that we have are metal", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00112-00063313-00064034": "ones. This is a figure of Udjat Bass, which is a protector goddess. When we actually brought", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00113-00064034-00064517": "this to the lab, we just thought it was a statue. At the time, we didn't have an x ray", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00114-00064517-00065100": "that was powerful enough to actually go through the object, so we couldn't x ray it.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00115-00065100-00065652": "We knew that it had been broken and repaired at the base, and underneath, like right here,", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00116-00065652-00066220": "there was this plaster plug that was part of a restoration. The problem with the plaster", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00117-00066220-00066763": "is that it was retaining moisture. What happens a lot with archeological objects is they have", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00118-00066763-00067548": "been exposed to salt water, so there is chlorides within the porous body of the object. Chlorides", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00119-00067548-00068148": "and copper react with moisture to form this corrosion product that's called \"Bronze Disease,\"", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00120-00068148-00068524": "which is particularly invasive, and it can actually destroy the object.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00121-00068524-00069010": "So, we knew that we had to get the plaster plug out. There was a lot of Bronze Disease,", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00122-00069010-00069464": "and we had to basically treat the object. So, we started excavating, and what we found", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00123-00069464-00070181": "inside were all of these bones, which at the time when we were thinking this was just a", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00124-00070181-00070494": "statue, we are like, \"Uh Oh! What is happening here?\"", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00125-00070494-00071375": "So, we contacted some animal mummy specialists and some other Egyptologists, who basically", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00126-00071375-00071973": "said that they thought that the bones were from this animal, which is an Egyptian mongoose,", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00127-00071973-00072756": "called an \"Ichneumon.\" And ichneumon's were protective in a way because mongooses kill", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00128-00072756-00073432": "snakes. So it actually makes a lot of sense that a mummy of an animal who was killing", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00129-00073432-00074147": "snakes would be found within the symbol of a protector goddess.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00130-00074147-00074993": "So I think this gets to the heart of why the Egyptians made animals mummies. Because I", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00131-00074993-00075450": "think in the past a lot of people thought, \"Oh, animals mummies are really just someone's", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00132-00075450-00076012": "pet, they were mummified and put into a tomb because you wanted your pet in the afterlife.\"", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00133-00076012-00076450": "Or, \"They mummified animals that could have been useful in the afterlife, like something", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00134-00076450-00076826": "that you would eat.\" And we actually do have examples of food mummies. There's a corn mummy", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00135-00076826-00077554": "that's on display on the third floor. But, it doesn't actually explain There's a", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00136-00077554-00077963": "lot, there's hundreds upon hundreds of animal mummies that are found in Egypt and they're", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00137-00077963-00078804": "not all in tombs. They're in actual cemeteries. I think a lot of the ways that Egyptians used", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00138-00078804-00079331": "animal mummies or their purposes, were for more votive and sacred purposes.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00139-00079331-00080426": "So, in the Ptolemaic Period, which is 305 to 30 BC. There were actually royal decrees", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00140-00080426-00081095": "that said you must have these public processions and festivals to rejuvenate me, the king of", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00141-00081095-00081767": "Egypt. You were sort of culturally forced to participate. One of the methods to participate", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00142-00081767-00082216": "in these processions and there are Roman writers who write of this, is making offerings of", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00143-00082216-00082795": "animal mummies. So if you think about it, we find mummies", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00144-00082795-00083332": "that are like that beautiful guild Iris coffin and we also have coffins like this in the", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00145-00083332-00084007": "collection, which is much simpler. This is just a simple wooden coffin with a crocodile", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00146-00084007-00084604": "on top, which probably would have venerated the god Sobek. And when we brought this up", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00147-00084604-00085041": "to the lab to look at it, unfortunately it was disturbed, like the [Inaudible 14: [13:44]", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00148-00085041-00085519": "13] mummy. So we weren't really sure what was inside. But we have another example of", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00149-00085519-00086181": "a mummy in the form of a cat which would have been venerating the god Bastet, that wasn't", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00150-00086181-00086766": "actually disturbed. So this is something that maybe a more common person could have afforded", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00151-00086766-00087218": "to use in some of these public processions. Now when we brought it to the lab the curator", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00152-00087218-00087669": "thought, \"Oh, there's not going to be anything inside.\" But when we actually X rayed it,", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00153-00087669-00088385": "what we found was this jumble of little bones. Which says that the first fact that not all", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00154-00088385-00089026": "animal mummies consist of a whole animal. It's quite possible that it was really a question", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00155-00089026-00089837": "of economics as to why this happened. So since there seems to be many uses for animal", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00156-00089837-00090185": "mummies, there probably was many different ways to make them, but this is sort of the", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00157-00090185-00090699": "traditional way that people thought that animal mummies and some animal mummies are made this", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00158-00090699-00091299": "way, it follows that way the human mummies are made exactly. So basically, make an incision,", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00159-00091299-00091925": "you do take out the internal organs, there is a salt in Egypt called natron, which is", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00160-00091925-00092360": "sodium carbonate, which is totally common. Which kind of would dry out the organic tissues,", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00161-00092360-00093325": "sort of like beef jerky or rawhide. Then if that would then get wet it would start", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00162-00093325-00093868": "to decay. So the next step was actually to seal the tissue or the organic matter, with", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00163-00093868-00094374": "resins and tree sap and waxes. And in the past people thought it was all done with bitumen,", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00164-00094374-00094830": "which is coal tar. And I'll talk about this a little bit later on, they're finding that", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00165-00094830-00095297": "it's actually a lot more varied than that. And then the whole thing was wrapped in linen", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00166-00095297-00095564": "bandages. So here's an example of an animal mummy that's", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00167-00095564-00096131": "made in this traditional way. This is a cat, which is actually on display now on the third", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00168-00096131-00096949": "floor. It's actually very well preserved, very well made. It's very tightly wrapped,", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00169-00096949-00097382": "because the detail of the face, which when you go down to look at it you have to get", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00170-00097382-00097824": "in the kid's eye view for this, because its sort of in a big case low on the ground. So", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00171-00097824-00098306": "you really have to get down to see it, but the details of the face it is all painted", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00172-00098306-00098798": "on. So, he is particularly beautiful. You can see some staining there, which is due", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00173-00098798-00099372": "to resin that was to preserve the body. When you get close to that, it is almost accuracy.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00174-00099372-00100073": "I know. He is a pretty amazing one, actually. We'll look at some other ones later.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00175-00100073-00100605": "So, when we took the x ray, because he was such a specially made mummy, we were kind", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00176-00100605-00101218": "of like not surprised to find a whole cat inside. What we found that was sort of interesting", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00177-00101218-00101745": "is there is signs of trauma, first of all. Like here is your vertebrae, and there is", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00178-00101745-00102113": "a little space here where it is not white, so that means that there is a little void", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00179-00102113-00102419": "there, and then you've got another vertebrae, another vertebrae, another one, and then,", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00180-00102419-00103018": "oh, my gosh! You've got this huge area here that's light gray, so there is a dislocation.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00181-00103018-00103435": "So, it is as if his neck was snapped to kill him.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00182-00103435-00104107": "The other thing that was interesting is this is a pretty big tooth for a cat. So, we were", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00183-00104107-00104864": "kind of like, what is going on there? We're actually working with a vet from the NYU Animal", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00184-00104864-00105563": "Medical Center to help with animal identification. Of all the studies that have been done of", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00185-00105563-00105974": "animal mummies with cats, and the British Museum has looked at theirs, and the Leighton", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00186-00105974-00106414": "Museum has looked at theirs, there do seem to be these two groups. There is the wild", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00187-00106414-00107180": "jungle or desert cat, who seems to be one particular type of mummy, and then there is", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00188-00107180-00107975": "also a second type of cat. This is another version of a cat mummy, which", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00189-00107975-00108438": "is less well preserved. It is certainly less elaborately made. This one is also on display", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00190-00108438-00109328": "on the third floor. He has a fantastic stone coffin that he is associated with. So, presumably", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00191-00109328-00109902": "he was also relatively special, just not in as high state of preservation as the other", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00192-00109902-00110174": "one. So, when we x rayed this one, we also found", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00193-00110174-00110842": "signs of trauma, which you can see here. His little skull was crushed. So, these are all", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00194-00110842-00111379": "breaks here, and he doesn't have those big fangs, and the shape of the head is a little", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00195-00111379-00111972": "different. So this is the second type of a cat, which is the more domestic cat.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00196-00111972-00113052": "The interesting thing about this is that now at UC Davis in California, there is a vet", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00197-00113052-00113671": "who is doing a study to try to see if there is a DNA link between domestic cat populations", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00198-00113671-00114233": "of today, and animal mummy cat populations of Ancient Egypt.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00199-00114233-00114823": "So, in doing our survey of all our mummies, if we have material that we can contribute", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00200-00114823-00115334": "to the study, we're certainly going to do that. The problem is that you have to have", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00201-00115334-00116177": "either a tooth or a femur. If you have a perfectly preserved, well wrapped mummy, we're not going", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00202-00116177-00116778": "to open it up to get that material. But we also have less preserved samples in the collection,", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00203-00116778-00117247": "and in working with the vet, if we identify the right kind of material, we'll certainly", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00204-00117247-00117920": "participate. So, let me show you one last cat.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00205-00117920-00118389": "Sure. Why would they have killed it?", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00206-00118389-00118742": "No. Why would they have wanted to mummify it?", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00207-00118742-00119341": "Mummify it? It is quite possible it was either used during one of these public processions,", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00208-00119341-00120061": "or it could have been used by priests at temples that were specifically setup for veneration", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00209-00120061-00120699": "of Bastet. Just at certain times of the year, there would be a festival and they would make", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00210-00120699-00121278": "these offerings to the god, as opposed to these mummies actually being buried in someone's", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00211-00121278-00121598": "tomb. Actually, the second the purpose, the votive", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00212-00121598-00122358": "and the sacred purposed, I think what most animal mummies were made for, as opposed to", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00213-00122358-00123182": "being in someone's private tomb. So, here is another example of a mummy that", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00214-00123182-00123904": "certainly looks like a cat, but when we x rayed him, you don't really find a lot inside.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00215-00123904-00124533": "I mean, this might be a little bit of a bone, this other radio, little pink material are", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00216-00124533-00125206": "probably stones. This is what people like to call 'fake' mummies. In the past, people", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00217-00125206-00125608": "would think of these mummies as being, \"Oh, the priest was pulling a fast one on them.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00218-00125608-00126054": "Whoever was purchasing this, and giving them something that they didn't think that they", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00219-00126054-00126519": "were getting.\" But the fact that they are so common, and", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00220-00126519-00127165": "they are in every collection, and there are every type of animal mummy, you could look", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00221-00127165-00127704": "at it another way. I mean, you could think, well, maybe it really is a question of economics.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00222-00127704-00128462": "Maybe someone could only afford so much money to buy an animal mummy to make as an offering.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00223-00128462-00129000": "Maybe what they could afford was this, and it doesn't really have actual bones in it.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00224-00129000-00129563": "It just has maybe rocks that were associated with the mummification process, or something.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00225-00129563-00130107": "Again, that is interpretation, which I am very happy that I don't have to do. We're", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00226-00130107-00130583": "going to move on from cats now. Another animal that was mummified a lot is", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00227-00130583-00131169": "the ibis, and I actually brought this example out to show you. So, this is one common form", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00228-00131169-00131772": "of ibis mummification, where you have the head of the bird here, sort of turned back", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00229-00131772-00132467": "on its back, and then the linen is folded in such a way to imitate wings. It is actually", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00230-00132467-00133134": "a really beautiful type of mummification. So, when we x rayed him/it, you see that it", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00231-00133134-00133539": "is a whole bird inside. So, that was particularly lovely.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00232-00133539-00134277": "Then there is another form that was used for birds, ibises and hawks in particular. This", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00233-00134277-00134791": "is called a humanoid form. You can see it sort of looks like Demetrius in the sense", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00234-00134791-00135461": "that instead of having a portrait here, it's a wooden head, a sculptural head in the form", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00235-00135461-00136229": "of an ibis. It has an elongated body like a human, and a little foot part here. This", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00236-00136229-00136729": "is also currently displayed on the third floor, Egyptian Galleries. It has this incredibly", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00237-00136729-00137499": "intricate pattern of weaving here. So, when we x rayed this, again, we were expecting", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00238-00137499-00137916": "to find a whole bird, and what we find is this, and you're like, \"What is going on with", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00239-00137916-00138476": "this?\" In working with the vet, he said this is definitely from an ibis, this bone here.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00240-00138476-00139211": "But this bone here, might possibly be from a cat, and that was really intriguing to our", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00241-00139211-00139720": "curator, because he was like: well, did they intentionally mix the ibis bone, which would", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00242-00139720-00140339": "have been venerating Thoth with the cat bone, that would have been venerating Bastat?", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00243-00140339-00140895": "Again, it is interpretation. It is not part of my job. Or on the other hand, it could", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00244-00140895-00141353": "just be: [23:23] Well, the person wanted to spend the money on the elaborate wrapping.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00245-00141353-00141798": "They couldn't really afford to have a lot of sacred material inside, so there is just", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00246-00141798-00142333": "some remnants that they put inside. I don't know. It is interesting, but it is incredibly", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00247-00142333-00143065": "common in these animal mummies. So, another type of animal that was mummified", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00248-00143065-00143810": "was crocodiles, and that would have been venerating the god Sobek. The thing with crocodiles is", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00249-00143810-00144272": "you'll find them, they are mostly small, because if you think about it, as a crocodile gets", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00250-00144272-00144694": "bigger and bigger, it gets more and more powerful, and more and more dangerous. So, difficult", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00251-00144694-00145213": "to keep, and difficult to kill. That is actually one of the questions is; how were these animals", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00252-00145213-00145485": "killed? This is also on display on the third floor.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00253-00145485-00146089": "It is a very simple wrapping. It is basically the dried crocodile under there, one layer", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00254-00146089-00146557": "of linen, and then this linen tape wrapped around it.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00255-00146557-00147137": "When we x rayed it, we don't really see signs of trauma like we did with the cats. We see", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00256-00147137-00147662": "a crack here but because the vertebrae are all lined up. This is something that happened", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00257-00147662-00148283": "postmortem. So, it could have happened during mummification. It could have happened during", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00258-00148283-00148758": "excavation. It could have happened during handling here in Brooklyn Museum because really,", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00259-00148758-00149036": "it doesn't have a lot of packaging around these mummies.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00260-00149036-00149615": "When you touch him, you really feel the crocodile underneath and it is a dry and desiccated", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00261-00149615-00150337": "animal. You move it the wrong way, you can get this kind of cracking. So, our animal", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00262-00150337-00151063": "mummy expert when she looked at this x ray with our vet was like well, there is apparently", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00263-00151063-00151813": "a theory that if you slit a nostrils of crocodiles, they would suffocate. And when she said this", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00264-00151813-00152244": "to us, I thought, well that makes no sense because you had to get really close to the", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00265-00152244-00152676": "crocodile to actually slit its nostrils and how can you possibly do that.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00266-00152676-00153130": "And our vet was like no, that doesn't make sense either because they can still breathe", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00267-00153130-00153586": "even if their nostrils are slit. So, it is quite possible that crocodiles may have been", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00268-00153586-00154142": "poisoned as opposed to cats which do seem to have undergone blunt force trauma to kill", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00269-00154142-00154710": "them. But the theory is maybe they were poisoned which an x ray is not going to be able to", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00270-00154710-00155438": "tell you one way or the other. So, another important animal that was mummified", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00271-00155438-00156191": "were bulls. And there is a bull deity called the Apis bull that was found in Memphis and", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00272-00156191-00156939": "it was actually the first animals to be mummified in 1300 B.C. I am so sad to say that Brooklyn", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00273-00156939-00157863": "Museum used to have a bull in its collection but it was in the 1950. But in the excitement", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00274-00157863-00158434": "to this Masonian museum of natural history. So, we know where it is and it is in safe", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00275-00158434-00158719": "care. Yeah. Sorry. How can you go to the mummified?", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00276-00158719-00159217": "Because archaeologically, they found...That's it been one of the oldest sites they found.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00277-00159217-00159882": "They've actually found the site where they mummified the Apis bulls and there is a huge", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00278-00159882-00160509": "stone tables where they would eviscerate them and it's because of the pottery and other", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00279-00160509-00161114": "items they find in those areas that's how they generally do the dating. So, that's one", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00280-00161114-00161629": "way. So, we have...We don't have our bull mummy anymore but we have this little model", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00281-00161629-00162088": "of a mummy and again this is one of these things where I think it is like six inches", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00282-00162088-00162501": "by eight inches and so the curator is like I don't think there is anything inside.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00283-00162501-00162780": "But and we are having a technical problem again.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00284-00162780-00163248": "You do? Yeah. I think it's maybe if we pause, I don't", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00285-00163248-00163407": "know. Helping you that one?", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00286-00163407-00163908": "That one is probably like eight inches by six inches so it is small. It does have a", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00287-00163908-00164008": "wooden component. What?", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00288-00164008-00164751": "The ruler that museum and pictures? Oh, the ruler and all the pictures I think", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00289-00164751-00165600": "is six inches generally, yeah. Yeah. Some of them are really small. But...So", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00290-00165600-00166177": "this on the entree has a pretty giant bond and we are working with our vet now that confirm", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00291-00166177-00166622": "that it's actually bovine. But it kind of gets to the point that maybe a lot of these", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00292-00166622-00167355": "mummies were votive. Sort of not really unlike in medieval times when little bone fragments", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00293-00167355-00167974": "from a saint were put in tries and then put in churches all around Europe. Maybe, it is", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00294-00167974-00168425": "a similar concept where you don't really need the whole animal. You just need a part of", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00295-00168425-00169001": "the animal or something the animal touch if the animal sacred enough. It could be made", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00296-00169001-00169500": "into a mummy. And this sort of manner will still be powerful", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00297-00169500-00170359": "and useful for that purposes of the day. So, now, we can do a little guessing game. So,", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00298-00170359-00171063": "here you go, you see a ruler is six inches long. So you've got this little object. Now", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00299-00171063-00171757": "I did a similar presentation to a group of six graders in Queens at a public school,", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00300-00171757-00172276": "who were studying animal mummies. And I said to them, you can have food mummies, you can", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00301-00172276-00172577": "have this. So they all thought this was a yam.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00302-00172577-00172951": "Which I thought was pretty creative on their parts actually. So come on, let's get some", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00303-00172951-00173426": "guesses. What do you think this is? A fish.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00304-00173426-00173888": "A fish? That's a good guess. A rat, that's a good guess.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00305-00173888-00174150": "Corn. Corn, that's a very good guess. Anymore, anymore?", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00306-00174150-00175525": "Ready? It's actually a snake. Which is pretty cool. Yeah its a really sweet little object.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00307-00175525-00176141": "All right, the other part of this study that I sort of alluded to at the beginning it the", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00308-00176141-00176776": "resin analysis. The University of Bristol in England was actually one of the first institutions", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00309-00176776-00177322": "to start looking at resins that were used in mummification. And looking at specifically", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00310-00177322-00177913": "animal mummies to see if it's the same type of resin that used in human mummification.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00311-00177913-00178292": "Because in the past people were just saying, Eh, they're animal mummies its like less important", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00312-00178292-00178852": "than humans. They didn't use the same materials. And actually what they're finding is the same", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00313-00178852-00179249": "materials are used. The other thing that people used to think", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00314-00179249-00179854": "in the past, before a lot of analysis was done, \"Well if its this brown resin, like", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00315-00179854-00180283": "this stuff here, is all like this resinous material and its brown.\" They called it bitumen", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00316-00180283-00180851": "which is coal tar and actually what people are finding is that bitumen is really not", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00317-00180851-00181260": "what this is most of the time. It really comes from different tree resins, which again can", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00318-00181260-00182003": "sort of give us information about trade routes. Because there are certain Cypress trees that", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00319-00182003-00182578": "may have been in Lebanon that weren't in Egypt, but if we're finding Cypress tree resin on", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00320-00182578-00183021": "animal mummies that were made in Egypt then it definitely says something about trade routes.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00321-00183021-00183752": "So we're really happy to be participating in the study with them.And lastly I don't", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00322-00183752-00184360": "exactly now when this is going to air but the Animal Planet cable network came to Brooklyn,", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00323-00184360-00185145": "because this is she's our animal mummy expert. She's actually one of the foremost, she's", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00324-00185145-00185767": "in Egypt, yeah. She teaches at... Oh you did? You're kidding me.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00325-00185767-00186441": "She's famous! I met somebody last night who knows her too.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00326-00186441-00186928": "But she teaches at American University in Cairo and she's made the study of animal mummies", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00327-00186928-00187425": "sort of one of her specialties. She's actually mummified animals now to sort of walk through", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00328-00187425-00188210": "the process to see how it actually works. And she took the producers of this program", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00329-00188210-00188769": "around to different sites, archeological sites in Egypt, to the collection at the Cairo museum.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00330-00188769-00189304": "And she insisted that they bring them to Brooklyn because we actually had some really, so of", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00331-00189304-00189976": "the nicest animal mummies around. So we spent a day filming and they're also going to the", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00332-00189976-00190519": "University of Bristol to interview the people who are doing the resin analysis. So I think", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00333-00190519-00191191": "it's coming out in March, but I'm not 100 percent sure. So I would just say look at", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00334-00191191-00191291": "the TV stations for that. Should be really interesting.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00335-00191291-00191620": "OK, shall we look at some animal mummies now? Here's our little fake kitty.", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00336-00191620-00192670": "Yeah, that's a type of Ibis. Shelley, this is the one that you put our on that Twitter", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00337-00192670-00193149": "fed that was the fake snake bundle. Here's our little kitty with the... I'll get this", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00338-00193149-00193696": "out of the way. I know, it's really a sweet, but you can actually", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00339-00193696-00194767": "see the... These are both Ibis mummies. This is sort of how they're often found. In these", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00340-00194767-00195326": "kind of ceramic jars just buried in the sand and it would have had like some sort of plaster", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00341-00195326-00195700": "resin and usually a bone. There would have been a ceramic bone on top and then sealed", "9cz-BHcBp2y-00342-00195700-00195821": "with a plaster resin."}}, {"audio_id": "9cJTkvyHVDE", "text": {"9cJTkvyHVDE-00000-00000000-00000200": "Paste the filtered Data in Excel"}}, {"audio_id": "9cVYsgMswZu", "text": {"9cVYsgMswZu-00000-00001108-00001238": "Item #: SCP-811", "9cVYsgMswZu-00001-00001238-00001537": "Object Class: Euclid", "9cVYsgMswZu-00002-00001537-00002140": "Special Containment Procedures: SCP-811 should be kept in a climate-controlled, cylindrical", "9cVYsgMswZu-00003-00002140-00002600": "glass enclosure, between ten (10) and twenty (20) (inclusive) metres in diameter, filled", "9cVYsgMswZu-00004-00002600-00003021": "to a depth of no less than two and a half (2.5) metres on average with wetland soil", "9cVYsgMswZu-00005-00003021-00003265": "and stagnant fresh water.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00006-00003265-00003852": "It is to be furnished with a variety of aquatic plants from its native swamp in █████, as", "9cVYsgMswZu-00007-00003852-00004326": "the remaining vegetation there has exhibited the adaptation to regrow quickly from injuries", "9cVYsgMswZu-00008-00004326-00004869": "endured during contact with SCP-811 as long as the roots are undamaged.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00009-00004869-00005407": "Logs of manageable size and additional humus-rich soil may be provided for good behavior.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00010-00005407-00005775": "Water depth is not to exceed half a metre (0.5) at its lowest point.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00011-00005775-00006147": "Height of the enclosure must be no less than five (5) metres above the highest soil point.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00012-00006147-00006875": "Temperature is to be kept at 25°C, and humidity should be kept above 70%.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00013-00006875-00007342": "There is to be a decontamination airlock chamber between the door into the enclosure and the", "9cVYsgMswZu-00014-00007342-00007650": "door into the rest of the facility.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00015-00007650-00008103": "Air that is ventilated into the enclosure should not be recirculated back into the rest", "9cVYsgMswZu-00016-00008103-00008393": "of the facility under any circumstances.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00017-00008393-00008972": "The methane resulting from SCP-811's normal interaction with its environment is not anomalous", "9cVYsgMswZu-00018-00008972-00009178": "and may be bottled for use as fuel.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00019-00009178-00009704": "No heated elements or open flames are permitted inside the enclosure.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00020-00009704-00010264": "The enclosure must be tested daily for pH and microbe levels in both the soil and water,", "9cVYsgMswZu-00021-00010264-00010609": "as well as for changes in chemical composition.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00022-00010609-00011024": "Enclosure should be cleaned biweekly, preferably by D-class personnel.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00023-00011024-00011542": "All discarded waste should be put in quarantine for analysis before disposal by standard biohazard", "9cVYsgMswZu-00024-00011542-00011819": "protocol.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00025-00011819-00012284": "Subject is to be given at least five (5) kg of live food 24 hours after its completion", "9cVYsgMswZu-00026-00012284-00012535": "of its previous meal.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00027-00012535-00012978": "Subject is not averse to preying on humans, and it is recommended that personnel not enter", "9cVYsgMswZu-00028-00012978-00013544": "the enclosure if SCP-811 has not fed in over 16 hours.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00029-00013544-00014101": "No invasive medical procedure may be performed on SCP-811 outside of emergency situations", "9cVYsgMswZu-00030-00014101-00014563": "in which such a procedure is required to save the subject's life.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00031-00014563-00015131": "Minimally invasive procedures require review and unanimous approval by SCP-811's assigned", "9cVYsgMswZu-00032-00015131-00015453": "medical team and the current project head.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00033-00015453-00016144": "See Document 811-b for a list of substances that may be administered as medication to", "9cVYsgMswZu-00034-00016144-00016281": "SCP-811.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00035-00016281-00016809": "All requests by the subject are to be reviewed by both an overseeing animal enrichment specialist", "9cVYsgMswZu-00036-00016809-00017309": "and at least one Level 3 personnel before approval, and the review should not take more", "9cVYsgMswZu-00037-00017309-00017855": "than 48 hours, unless exceptional circumstances dictate otherwise.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00038-00017855-00018329": "While SCP-811 is not generally aggressive unless it feels hungry or threatened, all", "9cVYsgMswZu-00039-00018329-00018885": "handling personnel are to be cautioned that it is still an opportunistic ambush predator,", "9cVYsgMswZu-00040-00018885-00019442": "and safety precautions must still be taken to avoid possible injury or infection.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00041-00019442-00019921": "All personnel entering the enclosure must wear full-body, non-organic biohazard suits", "9cVYsgMswZu-00042-00019921-00020301": "and breath masks, and must be in groups of at least two.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00043-00020301-00020732": "No personnel are to enter the enclosure if they have open wounds or sores anywhere on", "9cVYsgMswZu-00044-00020732-00020853": "their body.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00045-00020853-00021384": "Those suffering from asthma or other respiratory-affecting conditions are prohibited from entering the", "9cVYsgMswZu-00046-00021384-00021945": "enclosure without a signed note from a physician with Level 4 security clearance.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00047-00021945-00022533": "As far as research indicates, SCP-811 cannot cause serious injury to anyone properly wearing", "9cVYsgMswZu-00048-00022533-00022764": "their biohazard suit.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00049-00022764-00023180": "Anyone who removes any part of their biohazard suit while still in the enclosure, for any", "9cVYsgMswZu-00050-00023180-00023694": "reason at all, will be subject to disciplinary action, up to and including reassignment to", "9cVYsgMswZu-00051-00023694-00024497": "a project that would not be adversely affected by their status as an amputee.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00052-00024497-00024910": "Description: SCP-811 is shaped similarly to a human female with disproportionally long", "9cVYsgMswZu-00053-00024910-00025268": "and thin limbs and a slightly-bloated abdominal region.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00054-00025268-00026131": "It is 171 cm tall, and weighs just under 47 kg due to its strange physiology (see Addendum", "9cVYsgMswZu-00055-00026131-00026475": "811-2 for details).", "9cVYsgMswZu-00056-00026475-00027016": "Its skin has slight abrasive properties, and is a mottled green color that serves to camouflage", "9cVYsgMswZu-00057-00027016-00027313": "it among the reeds in its natural habitat.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00058-00027313-00027583": "Its sweat has been observed to act as a mild skin irritant.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00059-00027583-00028147": "It has extremely oily black hair that has proven to be resistant to cleaning with conventional", "9cVYsgMswZu-00060-00028147-00028581": "shampoos (See Addendum 811-1).", "9cVYsgMswZu-00061-00028581-00029174": "It shows partial comprehension of human language, consistent with case studies of \"feral children\"", "9cVYsgMswZu-00062-00029174-00029558": "that had been abandoned at a few years old, instead of as infants.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00063-00029558-00030295": "The palmoplantar surfaces of SCP-811's skin constantly secrete a clear, green-tinted mucus", "9cVYsgMswZu-00064-00030295-00030541": "with minor adhesive properties.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00065-00030541-00031093": "This mucus does not appear to have any effect on SCP-811's own tissue, but any other organic", "9cVYsgMswZu-00066-00031093-00031615": "matter that it comes into contact with begins to rapidly decompose, through processes not", "9cVYsgMswZu-00067-00031615-00032262": "fully understood, reducing the matter into a slightly viscous black liquid.1 SCP-811", "9cVYsgMswZu-00068-00032262-00032790": "can then absorb said liquid through its skin and directly into its circulatory system.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00069-00032790-00033443": "Tests have shown that SCP-811's entire circulatory system is filled with liquefied decaying matter.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00070-00033443-00034031": "Biopsies taken from SCP-811 have shown the presence of anaerobic bacteria in all examined", "9cVYsgMswZu-00071-00034031-00034456": "cells, which, due to the apparent lack of anything resembling functional red blood cells", "9cVYsgMswZu-00072-00034456-00035018": "in the subject, are currently presumed to be what SCP-811 uses to metabolise the chemicals", "9cVYsgMswZu-00073-00035018-00035221": "in its circulatory system.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00074-00035221-00035894": "SCP-811 does not defecate or otherwise produce feces in the traditional sense, and entirely", "9cVYsgMswZu-00075-00035894-00036144": "lacks a small or large intestine.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00076-00036144-00036841": "Instead, cellular waste and substances SCP-811 is unable to metabolise collect in what is,", "9cVYsgMswZu-00077-00036841-00037062": "anatomically speaking, its stomach.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00078-00037062-00037703": "Within the stomach, enzymes and bacterial flora cause it to congeal into a grainy, tar-like", "9cVYsgMswZu-00079-00037703-00038402": "substance that SCP-811 periodically voids by voluntary projectile regurgitation, a mechanism", "9cVYsgMswZu-00080-00038402-00038781": "which it uses to hunt.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00081-00038781-00039274": "It preferentially aims at the face or at any perceived open wounds on its target, then", "9cVYsgMswZu-00082-00039274-00039740": "waits for the target to die of either immediate asphyxiation by blockage of the mouth and", "9cVYsgMswZu-00083-00039740-00040424": "nose, or in a few days of multi-systemic failure resulting from aggressive bacterial infection.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00084-00040424-00041058": "SCP-811's teeth did not seem to have any abnormal resistance to decay resulting from chronic", "9cVYsgMswZu-00085-00041058-00041800": "exposure to the compounds and microflora in its waste (See Addendum 811-1).", "9cVYsgMswZu-00086-00041800-00042344": "Prognosis for personnel who have had contact with SCP-811's waste through a mucous membrane", "9cVYsgMswZu-00087-00042344-00042952": "or open wound is good if broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy is begun in the first three hours,", "9cVYsgMswZu-00088-00042952-00043193": "but then rapidly declines.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00089-00043193-00043564": "Personnel who are D-Class or have gone 12 hours without getting treatment may request", "9cVYsgMswZu-00090-00043564-00043789": "termination.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00091-00043789-00044412": "Addendum 811-1: To date, SCP-811 has requested:", "9cVYsgMswZu-00092-00044412-00044928": "Regular delivery of bovine prey (denied) That crocodilians be removed from its prey", "9cVYsgMswZu-00093-00044928-00045366": "animal rotation (approved) The water be stocked with a variety of fish", "9cVYsgMswZu-00094-00045366-00046153": "species from its native █████ (denied) One (1) hair brush, made of 100% synthetic", "9cVYsgMswZu-00095-00046153-00046665": "materials (approved) For 1 D-class personnel to, every other day,", "9cVYsgMswZu-00096-00046665-00047186": "come in with a basin and showerhead to wash and condition its hair (approved); it has", "9cVYsgMswZu-00097-00047186-00047730": "been noted that standard-strength hair shampoos do not adequately clean away the excessive", "9cVYsgMswZu-00098-00047730-00048344": "oil in SCP-811's hair, and use of a formula with a higher proportion of stronger surfactants", "9cVYsgMswZu-00099-00048344-00048562": "has been authorised.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00100-00048562-00049049": "To be addressed by a two-syllable name that has been transliterated as “Aé”, SCP-811", "9cVYsgMswZu-00101-00049049-00049727": "being illiterate, and thus not capable of choosing a spelling for itself (approved)2", "9cVYsgMswZu-00102-00049727-00049995": "Relief from its chronic tooth pain.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00103-00049995-00050555": "(approved); request was initially denied until a safe and effective method of administering", "9cVYsgMswZu-00104-00050555-00051131": "general anesthesia to SCP-811 was discovered and a dental surgery plan devised.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00105-00051131-00051855": "Tooth #47 (FDI two-digit notation) removed to test method and adjust for unpredicted", "9cVYsgMswZu-00106-00051855-00052139": "special aftercare requirements.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00107-00052139-00052888": "Remainder of SCP-811's teeth removed and overdenture implants installed in a second operation.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00108-00052888-00053220": "SCP-811 supplied with complete dentures, to be repaired as needed.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00109-00053220-00053915": "One (1) turtle in a hazmat suit for non-dietary purposes (denied); turtles accordingly removed", "9cVYsgMswZu-00110-00053915-00054182": "from prey animal rotation.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00111-00054182-00054727": "Possibility of placing a small turtle habitat in the observation area outside SCP-811's", "9cVYsgMswZu-00112-00054727-00055050": "enclosure for enrichment under consideration.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00113-00055050-00055724": "Addendum 811-2: Due to the fact that SCP-811 has lungs and teeth — despite having no", "9cVYsgMswZu-00114-00055724-00056240": "apparent use for either — it was brought to Bio-Research Area-12's radiology lab for", "9cVYsgMswZu-00115-00056240-00056591": "X-rays, to examine its internal structure.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00116-00056591-00056812": "Results were inconclusive.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00117-00056812-00057446": "Subsequent MRI testing has revealed that SCP-811 has a number of unusual glands and organs", "9cVYsgMswZu-00118-00057446-00057925": "attached to its lymphatic system, which may assist in regulation of the viscosity and", "9cVYsgMswZu-00119-00057925-00058387": "microbial flora of the material in its circulatory system.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00120-00058387-00058859": "One such organ in the abdominal region appears to contain lighter-than-air gas.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00121-00058859-00059502": "The possibility that SCP-811 was once [REDACTED] is being explored.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00122-00059502-00060009": "Due to the impossibility of maintaining a sterile operating environment, limited understanding", "9cVYsgMswZu-00123-00060009-00060674": "of SCP-811's biology, and difficulty in calculating the subject's mass, the risk of major complications", "9cVYsgMswZu-00124-00060674-00061220": "or subject death has been deemed too high to authorise exploratory surgery.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00125-00061220-00061392": "Interview Log 811-16", "9cVYsgMswZu-00126-00061392-00061911": "Interviewers: Dr. Trebuchet, Junior Lab Assistant Wachtel", "9cVYsgMswZu-00127-00061911-00062517": "[Dr. Trebuchet and Junior Lab Assistant Wachtel enter SCP-811's containment unit.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00128-00062517-00063017": "Dr. Trebuchet is carrying a clip board with a document on it and a shoe box.]", "9cVYsgMswZu-00129-00063017-00063233": "Dr. Trebuchet: Aé.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00130-00063233-00063376": "SCP-811: Dockty.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00131-00063376-00063476": "What want?", "9cVYsgMswZu-00132-00063476-00063638": "Dr. Trebuchet: Questions.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00133-00063638-00064000": "SCP-811: [points to shoe box] Food.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00134-00064000-00064302": "[Dr. Trebuchet nods, opens the shoebox.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00135-00064302-00064516": "A frog jumps out]", "9cVYsgMswZu-00136-00064516-00064974": "[SCP-811 brings her foot down on the frog as it lands, and begins to digest it.]", "9cVYsgMswZu-00137-00064974-00065510": "SCP-811: [grins] Dockty wants kestins?", "9cVYsgMswZu-00138-00065510-00065679": "Dr. Trebuchet: Yes.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00139-00065679-00066088": "[hands the clip board to Wachtel, points to something on it]", "9cVYsgMswZu-00140-00066088-00066576": "Wachtel: [reading from the clip board] What is the earliest thing you can remember?", "9cVYsgMswZu-00141-00066576-00066760": "SCP-811: Air-wee is thing?", "9cVYsgMswZu-00142-00066760-00066900": "Wachtel: Um…", "9cVYsgMswZu-00143-00066900-00067182": "Dr. Trebuchet: Early things.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00144-00067182-00067282": "Things…", "9cVYsgMswZu-00145-00067282-00067382": "before.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00146-00067382-00067695": "SCP-811: [seems to understand] Before box?", "9cVYsgMswZu-00147-00067695-00068027": "Dr. Trebuchet: Before before box.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00148-00068027-00068457": "SCP-811: [appears thoughtful] Most before?", "9cVYsgMswZu-00149-00068457-00068847": "Dr. Trebuchet: [nods vigorously] Yes.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00150-00068847-00069389": "SCP-811: [with sweeping, demonstrative arm and hand movements] Big man.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00151-00069389-00069489": "Tall.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00152-00069489-00069771": "Aé small, very smaller than man.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00153-00069771-00070331": "[uses hand to indicate a height of approximately one meter off the ground] [points to her own", "9cVYsgMswZu-00154-00070331-00070455": "arm] Was like man.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00155-00070455-00070703": "Dr. Trebuchet: What was like him?", "9cVYsgMswZu-00156-00070703-00071190": "SCP-811: [pinches some of her skin between two fingers] This!", "9cVYsgMswZu-00157-00071190-00071312": "Not like Aé.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00158-00071312-00071412": "Like man.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00159-00071412-00071512": "Like people.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00160-00071512-00071688": "Dr. Trebuchet: Your skin?", "9cVYsgMswZu-00161-00071688-00072095": "SCP-811: Skin… [prods her arm thoughtfully, then smiles] skin.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00162-00072095-00072472": "Wachtel: [alarmed] Wait, you mean you had skin like ours?", "9cVYsgMswZu-00163-00072472-00072681": "Dr. Trebuchet: It appears so.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00164-00072681-00072853": "Aé, what after?", "9cVYsgMswZu-00165-00072853-00073302": "SCP-811: [pointing to the inside of one elbow] Pain stick here.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00166-00073302-00073402": "Cold.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00167-00073402-00073662": "Dr. Trebuchet: \"Needle\", Aé.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00168-00073662-00073990": "Key're tha—[clears throat] They're called \"needles\".", "9cVYsgMswZu-00169-00073990-00074199": "SCP-811: Knee-doll here.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00170-00074199-00074299": "Cold.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00171-00074299-00074547": "Dr. Trebuchet: And then?", "9cVYsgMswZu-00172-00074547-00074686": "SCP-811: Pain.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00173-00074686-00074993": "[pantomiming something coming out of her mouth] Red.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00174-00074993-00075104": "Red red red.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00175-00075104-00075243": "Was… very hunger-y.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00176-00075243-00075343": "Scared.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00177-00075343-00075443": "Ate man.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00178-00075443-00075584": "Skin… like this.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00179-00075584-00075747": "Wachtel: Oh god…", "9cVYsgMswZu-00180-00075747-00076132": "[At this point, Wachtel begins to vomit in his hazmat suit.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00181-00076132-00076620": "SCP-811, misinterpreting this as a sign of hostility, retreats into one of the pools", "9cVYsgMswZu-00182-00076620-00077239": "of water in its enclosure, and does not resurface until both Wachtel and Dr. Trebuchet have", "9cVYsgMswZu-00183-00077239-00077339": "left]", "9cVYsgMswZu-00184-00077339-00077731": "Notes: While I understand the appeal of training the new blood on something relatively harmless", "9cVYsgMswZu-00185-00077731-00078170": "and as green as they are, could you please throw them at some other humanoid for a while?", "9cVYsgMswZu-00186-00078170-00078410": "I'm trying to actually get things done here.", "9cVYsgMswZu-00187-00078410-00078531": "~Dr. Trebuchet"}}, {"audio_id": "9dE4RAMokdE", "text": {"9dE4RAMokdE-00000-00000000-00000299": "Real, exciting challenge.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00001-00000299-00000649": "It has been the most thrilling video game. The forgiveness video game.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00002-00001011-00001287": "I just feel so grateful.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00003-00001287-00001467": "It feels like we just sort of just come through", "9dE4RAMokdE-00004-00001520-00001801": "the eye of the needle, in a sense.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00005-00001937-00002231": "We've gone through a lot of stuff.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00006-00002231-00002537": "It's been pretty intense. Now it's sort of", "9dE4RAMokdE-00007-00002537-00002792": "hit some kind of a nice smooth", "9dE4RAMokdE-00008-00002801-00003064": "section of the road. Where it feels", "9dE4RAMokdE-00009-00003064-00003295": "like we're more connected than we've ever been.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00010-00003488-00003800": "So, yeah I am really excited about this gathering today.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00011-00003800-00004100": "We've learned so much about how to relate", "9dE4RAMokdE-00012-00004100-00004407": "to each other, and how to communicate,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00013-00004407-00004621": "and how to be really authentic, and transparent.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00014-00004652-00004891": "I'm just really excited to share all that with you.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00015-00004934-00005200": "Feel free to ask any questions", "9dE4RAMokdE-00016-00005200-00005495": "that come to you. We will just be sharing from our hearts.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00017-00005725-00005910": "I have a question for both of you.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00018-00006430-00006687": "Do you see your relationship, as a special relationship?", "9dE4RAMokdE-00019-00007037-00007173": "Yeah, yeah.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00020-00007550-00008009": "I don't feel like I have totally transcended the ego.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00021-00008009-00008241": "So, I do still see it as a special relationship.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00022-00008310-00008629": "For me, it's just about practicing to notice", "9dE4RAMokdE-00023-00008629-00008931": "when the specialness creates a conflict.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00024-00008931-00009239": "When there is jealousy, or fear", "9dE4RAMokdE-00025-00009251-00009540": "or whatever. Then that's the opportunity to give it", "9dE4RAMokdE-00026-00009540-00009830": "over to the Holy Spirit. So He can transform", "9dE4RAMokdE-00027-00009832-00009994": "my perceptions", "9dE4RAMokdE-00028-00010047-00010371": "into holiness. So, yeah for me,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00029-00010376-00010666": "definitely got a lot of specialness still in my mind.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00030-00010666-00010862": "I'm just working with that", "9dE4RAMokdE-00031-00010901-00011130": "and allowing it to be transformed.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00032-00011430-00011712": "Yeah, I think every relationship", "9dE4RAMokdE-00033-00011712-00012015": "we have starts off special.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00034-00012015-00012288": "When given to the Holy Spirit, then the purpose", "9dE4RAMokdE-00035-00012288-00012526": "can change.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00036-00012556-00012867": "I think I've been trying so hard to be", "9dE4RAMokdE-00037-00012885-00013178": "Erik's wife at the beginning of the marriage.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00038-00013178-00013500": "It has been so painful for me, because", "9dE4RAMokdE-00039-00013500-00013752": "I was trying to play that role and to be", "9dE4RAMokdE-00040-00013752-00013986": "perfect in it.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00041-00014326-00014627": "This last month..", "9dE4RAMokdE-00042-00014627-00014884": "Since I came to the States actually,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00043-00014884-00015145": "I feel that there has been a lot for me,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00044-00015145-00015431": "a lot of specialness being undone.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00045-00015431-00015730": "There is still specialness.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00046-00015730-00016033": "But now, it depends where I'm looking from.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00047-00016056-00016356": "When I'm totally in the Spirit, I feel there is", "9dE4RAMokdE-00048-00016356-00016541": "no specialness.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00049-00016541-00016799": "But when I want to do things by myself,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00050-00016799-00017059": "and I relate", "9dE4RAMokdE-00051-00017059-00017354": "as being this body and personality, then there is definitely", "9dE4RAMokdE-00052-00017354-00017511": "specialness, yes.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00053-00018145-00018311": "So, we're here", "9dE4RAMokdE-00054-00018356-00018683": "at your disposal for the next 3 hours.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00055-00018787-00019083": "The Spirit comes through", "9dE4RAMokdE-00056-00019083-00019418": "in many ways. It is mainly just a state of mind.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00057-00019441-00019730": "Many, many forgiveness", "9dE4RAMokdE-00058-00019730-00019848": "opportunities that come.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00059-00020243-00020515": "Erik mentioned, songs come.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00060-00020591-00020740": "Erik has been receiving songs.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00061-00020844-00021024": "I had a friend who received", "9dE4RAMokdE-00062-00021064-00021164": "270", "9dE4RAMokdE-00063-00021172-00021370": "songs from the angels.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00064-00021498-00021805": "Helena has received music variations.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00065-00021805-00021984": "Erik", "9dE4RAMokdE-00066-00022030-00022274": "and Helena have collaborated.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00067-00022309-00022607": "We were in southern Spain and it was almost like a honeymoon period.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00068-00022607-00022910": "That's when the Holy Spirit started using Erik and", "9dE4RAMokdE-00069-00022929-00023029": "Helena", "9dE4RAMokdE-00070-00023062-00023163": "for all these", "9dE4RAMokdE-00071-00023224-00023650": "collaborations. That was a forgiveness opportunity. Right?", "9dE4RAMokdE-00072-00023679-00023779": "Nothing like", "9dE4RAMokdE-00073-00023812-00024450": "having the Holy Spirit get you married and then saying, oh by the way I need these two over here to collaborate.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00074-00024468-00024670": "So, it was a big forgiveness lesson.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00075-00024683-00024946": "We do have a lot of beautiful music,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00076-00024946-00025152": "really inspired music that has come through.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00077-00025239-00025541": "Erik", "9dE4RAMokdE-00078-00025541-00025875": "just had a song come through, very recently.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00079-00025875-00026215": "Saturday,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00080-00026245-00026455": "you wrote it.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00081-00026534-00026826": "We've just come from Sydney, Australia.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00082-00026826-00027107": "We were down at this place called, Mystery Bay. Just did this song", "9dE4RAMokdE-00083-00027148-00027471": "called 'Love is Letting Go of Fear'. Same name as Jerry", "9dE4RAMokdE-00084-00027471-00027598": "Jampolsky's book.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00085-00027640-00027942": "That came through for us to do. So we thought we might", "9dE4RAMokdE-00086-00027942-00028236": "do that for you too. We have a music stand", "9dE4RAMokdE-00087-00028236-00028554": "and they got a little music book there. So, it will be a little bit", "9dE4RAMokdE-00088-00028554-00028843": "of Q&A, and sharing experiences", "9dE4RAMokdE-00089-00028843-00029127": "today, and a little bit of sharing the fruits", "9dE4RAMokdE-00090-00029127-00029428": "of the Spirit. So, you can just sit back and enjoy", "9dE4RAMokdE-00091-00029428-00029579": "some beautiful music as well.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00092-00029744-00029857": "How many in here,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00093-00029931-00030055": "know of, or", "9dE4RAMokdE-00094-00030124-00030428": "have heard of or practiced A Course in Miracles?", "9dE4RAMokdE-00095-00030640-00030942": "So, I can see that there's quite a few. As you know, this", "9dE4RAMokdE-00096-00030942-00031242": "is a pathway to God that definitely emphasizes relationships.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00097-00031242-00031551": "Using relationships", "9dE4RAMokdE-00098-00031551-00031843": "for healing and forgiveness. Which is quite different", "9dE4RAMokdE-00099-00031843-00032104": "from the traditional ways. Like going off", "9dE4RAMokdE-00100-00032160-00032436": "into the caves, and the woods, and the mountains,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00101-00032436-00032693": "and living a kind of a very solitary,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00102-00032693-00032889": "isolated life. Where you still practice", "9dE4RAMokdE-00103-00032970-00033270": "the same mind training. But the Course in Miracles,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00104-00033270-00033389": "it just brings in the element of mirroring.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00105-00033450-00033636": "Our brothers and sisters are", "9dE4RAMokdE-00106-00033672-00033882": "reflecting the thoughts in our mind.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00107-00033954-00034136": "Then we can use those for healing.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00108-00034272-00034442": "My name is Laura, hello.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00109-00034553-00034755": "I am very new to the course.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00110-00034885-00035160": "The first question I have, goes all the way to that", "9dE4RAMokdE-00111-00035264-00035408": "point,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00112-00035474-00035732": "that insane thought or whatever the course calls it.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00113-00036270-00036370": "Tiny, mad idea.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00114-00036524-00036815": "I'm stuck at that place,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00115-00036815-00037040": "trying to figure out how that ever happened.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00116-00037091-00037390": "It doesn't make sense to me,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00117-00037413-00037691": "that God, the Spirit in perfection", "9dE4RAMokdE-00118-00037703-00037989": "would ever have a momentary", "9dE4RAMokdE-00119-00037989-00038247": "thought of separation.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00120-00038287-00038572": "I'm stuck right there, as to how that even happened.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00121-00038599-00038915": "I've been to 26 countries and I've been traveling for 20 years", "9dE4RAMokdE-00122-00038915-00039196": "and I call that the number one", "9dE4RAMokdE-00123-00039196-00039473": "asked question. So, it's not", "9dE4RAMokdE-00124-00039473-00039780": "uncommon at all to have that. Intuitively, it would be like", "9dE4RAMokdE-00125-00039780-00040094": "how could this have ever seemed to happen?", "9dE4RAMokdE-00126-00040104-00040419": "How could an error come out of perfection?", "9dE4RAMokdE-00127-00040553-00040853": "I remember when I first picked up the course", "9dE4RAMokdE-00128-00040853-00041152": "in 1986. I was actually out here in", "9dE4RAMokdE-00129-00041152-00041251": "California", "9dE4RAMokdE-00130-00041251-00041558": "at a Humanistic Psychology conference, down in Southern", "9dE4RAMokdE-00131-00041558-00041658": "California.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00132-00041689-00041982": "With some of the people, you may have heard of", "9dE4RAMokdE-00133-00041982-00042127": "Frances Vaughan,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00134-00042175-00042336": "Roger Walsh,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00135-00042373-00042490": "and Carl Rogers.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00136-00042554-00042654": "It was the last", "9dE4RAMokdE-00137-00042733-00043022": "public appearance that Carl Rogers made.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00138-00043097-00043348": "Everyone just gave him a standing ovation. That just went on", "9dE4RAMokdE-00139-00043402-00043559": "and on for a long time.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00140-00043590-00043763": "Because he was just such a sweetie.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00141-00043811-00044116": "I was drawn. I came across the course there.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00142-00044210-00044422": "A book by Ken Wapnick,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00143-00044458-00044558": "'Forgiveness and Jesus'.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00144-00044627-00044953": "A book by Tara Singh, who had a community out here before", "9dE4RAMokdE-00145-00044953-00045243": "he passed away. His book was called, 'Nothing Real", "9dE4RAMokdE-00146-00045243-00045547": "Can be Threatened'. Beautiful kind of synopsis", "9dE4RAMokdE-00147-00045547-00045660": "of the course.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00148-00045700-00046040": "I remember with the course, I used it more like an I Ching because I would", "9dE4RAMokdE-00149-00046168-00046570": "pray and have a question, then I would pop it open for the answer.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00150-00046642-00046922": "I would do that with library books and", "9dE4RAMokdE-00151-00046922-00047222": "all kinds of books, not just the course. But the course", "9dE4RAMokdE-00152-00047222-00047421": "seemed to be particularly helpful.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00153-00047476-00047779": "I would formulate the question, I would open it seemingly randomly", "9dE4RAMokdE-00154-00047779-00048081": "at any page and I'm answered as if i'm given a", "9dE4RAMokdE-00155-00048081-00048215": "discourse.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00156-00048259-00048565": "Not just a one line answer, but", "9dE4RAMokdE-00157-00048565-00048740": "quite a discourse on the whole thing.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00158-00048774-00049067": "It's kind of interesting. It's like having Jesus in your living room.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00159-00049067-00049223": "Ok, well what about this?", "9dE4RAMokdE-00160-00049370-00049470": "What about this?", "9dE4RAMokdE-00161-00049518-00049653": "So, it was quite strong.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00162-00049690-00050100": "Actually, the clarification of terms addresses your question.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00163-00050143-00050296": "Originally, when the course came,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00164-00050366-00050631": "in the original material, the clarification of terms", "9dE4RAMokdE-00165-00050678-00050991": "was supposed to be at the beginning. But when it was published,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00166-00050991-00051202": "they stuck it at the very end of the book.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00167-00051252-00051533": "I thought, that is a little strange.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00168-00051533-00051803": "Most books you a clarification of terms that", "9dE4RAMokdE-00169-00051803-00052005": "you're going to be using at the beginning.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00170-00052050-00052362": "When I popped it open, I popped it open at the very end.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00171-00052362-00052659": "I actually was reading in the Teacher's Manuel, which is where", "9dE4RAMokdE-00172-00052659-00052819": "the clarification of terms is.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00173-00052866-00053054": "Jesus says,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00174-00053254-00053550": "the ego will ask many questions, that this course", "9dE4RAMokdE-00175-00053550-00053898": "has no answer for. How did the impossible happen?", "9dE4RAMokdE-00176-00053939-00054210": "To whom did the impossible happen?", "9dE4RAMokdE-00177-00054210-00054460": "And many other variations. He says,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00178-00054650-00054929": "An experience will come,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00179-00054971-00055263": "that will end your doubting. In other words,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00180-00055263-00055369": "He says that", "9dE4RAMokdE-00181-00055529-00055863": "basically that there are many theologies", "9dE4RAMokdE-00182-00055863-00056209": "and this course will not attempt to offer", "9dE4RAMokdE-00183-00056223-00056517": "a theological answer to how the impossible", "9dE4RAMokdE-00184-00056517-00056814": "happened, or how did", "9dE4RAMokdE-00185-00056814-00056912": "the impossible occur.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00186-00056940-00057241": "Because in the end, the course is basically saying that", "9dE4RAMokdE-00187-00057243-00057476": "you will have an experience in which all", "9dE4RAMokdE-00188-00057476-00057719": "theologies vanish.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00189-00057766-00057914": "Absolutely all of them.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00190-00057967-00058263": "Every single theology. Because, theology is", "9dE4RAMokdE-00191-00058263-00058550": "still in the realm of concepts and beliefs.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00192-00058614-00058964": "There will come an experience, which Jesus calls the Atonement.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00193-00059040-00059345": "In which you realize, that the separation never occurred.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00194-00059437-00059783": "So, the book is written as if", "9dE4RAMokdE-00195-00059839-00059979": "the separation occurred.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00196-00060059-00060365": "That's even in the clarification of terms. It", "9dE4RAMokdE-00197-00060365-00060667": "seems as if you have a split mind. He even", "9dE4RAMokdE-00198-00060667-00060797": "puts 'as if' in italics.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00199-00060849-00061144": "Because he is really emphasizing.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00200-00061151-00061448": "This book is coming through to reach you, where you believe", "9dE4RAMokdE-00201-00061448-00061548": "you are.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00202-00061612-00061906": "It's not going to offer some answers to", "9dE4RAMokdE-00203-00061906-00062241": "questions. Because the ego is going to be asking the question.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00204-00062256-00062605": "The purpose of the course is to undo the ego.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00205-00062613-00062916": "So in the end, you'll have an experience of Love", "9dE4RAMokdE-00206-00062916-00063194": "that will be so unified and so One,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00207-00063226-00063558": "that you wont even have a trace of whatever else", "9dE4RAMokdE-00208-00063558-00063857": "there seemed to be. It will just be only an awareness", "9dE4RAMokdE-00209-00063891-00064037": "of absolute Oneness.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00210-00064086-00064380": "He says in Lesson 139,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00211-00064449-00064740": "I will accept the Atonement for myself.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00212-00064800-00065100": "Basically, this is the one thing that you", "9dE4RAMokdE-00213-00065100-00065200": "need to do.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00214-00065234-00065515": "It's the only thing that this world and this life", "9dE4RAMokdE-00215-00065515-00065814": "is about. Is accepting the correction for the error.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00216-00065880-00066197": "In that correction, you will have an actual experience", "9dE4RAMokdE-00217-00066197-00066496": "that there is no ego and that the separation", "9dE4RAMokdE-00218-00066496-00066636": "never occurred.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00219-00066692-00067022": "That is the experience that will come", "9dE4RAMokdE-00220-00067022-00067122": "that will end your doubting.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00221-00067168-00067454": "He does say also, that a universal theology", "9dE4RAMokdE-00222-00067454-00067554": "is impossible.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00223-00068098-00068374": "He says, forget this world,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00224-00068374-00068517": "forget this course,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00225-00068550-00068778": "and come with open arms unto your God.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00226-00068788-00069104": "He is implying that, even the thought system", "9dE4RAMokdE-00227-00069104-00069409": "that He's presenting in the course, even the theology", "9dE4RAMokdE-00228-00069409-00069746": "that is being presented will have to be forgiven", "9dE4RAMokdE-00229-00069746-00069979": "and released. Dismantled as well.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00230-00070041-00070304": "He's saying, there's nothing special about this course", "9dE4RAMokdE-00231-00070304-00070605": "it's just one form of the universal curriculum.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00232-00070605-00070739": "He is not giving it some kind", "9dE4RAMokdE-00233-00070814-00071076": "precedent. Like, it come's from me, so it's the only way.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00234-00071168-00071505": "He doesn't ever say, my course is the way, the truth, and the life.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00235-00071505-00071702": "Or only, those who study my course", "9dE4RAMokdE-00236-00071734-00072050": "come to God. He doesn't say anything like that.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00237-00072080-00072371": "He's just saying, no, no. It's just one form of a universal curriculum.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00238-00072399-00072691": "It can help you, if you give your Mind over to it.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00239-00072710-00072993": "You don't even have to believe in God.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00240-00072993-00073169": "Belief in God is unnecessary,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00241-00073169-00073574": "He says in his psychotherapy pamphlet. For God can be but known.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00242-00073620-00073918": "So, to me that was", "9dE4RAMokdE-00243-00073918-00074207": "the answer that I was given.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00244-00074399-00074635": "He said to believe this Course,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00245-00074725-00074986": "you must question every value", "9dE4RAMokdE-00246-00074986-00075284": "that you hold. He also says, this Course", "9dE4RAMokdE-00247-00075284-00075534": "will be believed entirely or not at all.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00248-00075575-00075874": "So, that sounded a bit like the", "9dE4RAMokdE-00249-00075874-00076046": "old uncompromising", "9dE4RAMokdE-00250-00076126-00076347": "teachings. You either", "9dE4RAMokdE-00251-00076398-00076523": "fully grasp it", "9dE4RAMokdE-00252-00076602-00076925": "or you won't seem to understand at all what He's talking about.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00253-00077006-00077257": "That is the experience that", "9dE4RAMokdE-00254-00077257-00077453": "most students and teachers have", "9dE4RAMokdE-00255-00077488-00077790": "with the course.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00256-00077790-00078064": "It's dumbfounding, it's confusing.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00257-00078064-00078285": "At times, they find themselves talking back at the book.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00258-00078378-00078653": "I've heard people have torn the pages out.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00259-00078733-00079042": "One person tore the pages out individually,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00260-00079220-00079364": "flushed them down the toilet.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00261-00079444-00079645": "Crumpled them and flushed them down the toilet.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00262-00079677-00079978": "We've gone to other countries, like in Argentina.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00263-00080157-00080329": "They hurled the book into the ocean.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00264-00080517-00080617": "One group of", "9dE4RAMokdE-00265-00080619-00080843": "women in Argentina, were like:", "9dE4RAMokdE-00266-00080907-00081157": "'We're trying to study this book,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00267-00081183-00081505": "but it's really hard. Is there anybody else in", "9dE4RAMokdE-00268-00081505-00081809": "the world, that's working with this book? Because", "9dE4RAMokdE-00269-00081809-00082112": "it's really hard. We don't know if we can handle it.'", "9dE4RAMokdE-00270-00082112-00082270": "I said, yes. That's a common experience.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00271-00082323-00082633": "So, I try to let the Holy Spirit just pour through me.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00272-00082633-00082925": "Make it as practical", "9dE4RAMokdE-00273-00082925-00083236": "and straightforward and simple.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00274-00083279-00083506": "Also, to answer the questions", "9dE4RAMokdE-00275-00083550-00083753": "as they're asked very individually.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00276-00083820-00084074": "So, there's no kind of catch all kind of answers", "9dE4RAMokdE-00277-00084106-00084366": "that you're trying to have for everybody.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00278-00084366-00084504": "Because everybody's awareness", "9dE4RAMokdE-00279-00084545-00084868": "is at a different place in consciousness. So, I've often", "9dE4RAMokdE-00280-00084868-00085136": "have done a lot of one-on-one's. I answer a lot of emails.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00281-00085136-00085451": "I do Skype chats and on and on.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00282-00085491-00085641": "Because it has to come through", "9dE4RAMokdE-00283-00085676-00086010": "specifically for the questioner, who is asking the question.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00284-00086039-00086336": "There's not kind of pat answers to give. Like,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00285-00086336-00086436": "\"God is Love\".", "9dE4RAMokdE-00286-00087128-00087418": "It doesn't mean anything. That doesn't meet my experience.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00287-00087443-00087731": "So, can you give it to me in", "9dE4RAMokdE-00288-00087731-00087961": "practical terms. That's one of the things I think", "9dE4RAMokdE-00289-00087961-00088253": "that we can do up here, is", "9dE4RAMokdE-00290-00088256-00088583": "in the context of relationships, in the context of our", "9dE4RAMokdE-00291-00088583-00088683": "experiences,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00292-00088730-00088940": "is just each answer you", "9dE4RAMokdE-00293-00089016-00089116": "from our heart.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00294-00089118-00089390": "I'm glad you got that out of the way. Now you've asked", "9dE4RAMokdE-00295-00089427-00089765": "the number one question already. So, now we can roll on", "9dE4RAMokdE-00296-00089825-00089967": "to the next 20 questions.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00297-00090410-00090626": "We're rolling to the experience.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00298-00090679-00091010": "Did you already speak about how you and Helana got together?", "9dE4RAMokdE-00299-00091010-00091302": "We came in a few minutes late. No, I didn't.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00300-00091302-00091609": "We can talk a little bit about that too.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00301-00091609-00091710": "You want to share?", "9dE4RAMokdE-00302-00091987-00092254": "Yeah, we met in 2005.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00303-00092305-00092480": "David came to Sweden and", "9dE4RAMokdE-00304-00092523-00092729": "held a retreat there.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00305-00092821-00093022": "I could not sleep in the night.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00306-00093102-00093361": "It just continued that way, I was just like dinggg.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00307-00093525-00093714": "Totally lit up for months", "9dE4RAMokdE-00308-00093779-00093879": "afterwards.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00309-00093930-00094168": "It lasted for about 3 months.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00310-00094237-00094554": "I was in so much joy.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00311-00094556-00094858": "I had a boyfriend at that time. He did not", "9dE4RAMokdE-00312-00094858-00095122": "study the course. He didn't really like", "9dE4RAMokdE-00313-00095122-00095355": "me talking about God or anything.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00314-00095355-00095645": "He didn't want to hear it.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00315-00095840-00096081": "I was guided to leave that relationship.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00316-00096121-00096303": "Also,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00317-00096362-00096633": "I felt it was coming in to start traveling with David.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00318-00096633-00096862": "He invited me to go on a Europe tour.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00319-00096936-00097169": "It was in 2007.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00320-00097169-00097457": "It came in a bit later. We had actually met several time in Sweden", "9dE4RAMokdE-00321-00097457-00097557": "before that.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00322-00097573-00097884": "I just went to every retreat he came to in Sweden.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00323-00097884-00098215": "Every time it was just this, dingggg.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00324-00098233-00098544": "Omg, this is just so it.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00325-00098544-00098837": "The practical application of the course. Of really taking", "9dE4RAMokdE-00326-00098837-00099152": "the steps of undoing everything that you thought", "9dE4RAMokdE-00327-00099152-00099331": "or of this world.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00328-00099887-00100172": "Actually, one time when he came,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00329-00100172-00100272": "afterwards,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00330-00100376-00100723": "I went to the subway station and it was this", "9dE4RAMokdE-00331-00100724-00101021": "revelatory experience of just total Love.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00332-00101071-00101368": "That was just not connected to anything", "9dE4RAMokdE-00333-00101368-00101533": "or anyone. It was just this", "9dE4RAMokdE-00334-00101602-00101893": "experience just coming to me.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00335-00101893-00102204": "I was just crying, crying, crying and crying.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00336-00102204-00102522": "I could just so feel it.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00337-00102522-00102658": "This is it. If this is", "9dE4RAMokdE-00338-00102722-00102822": "just a fraction of what it's about,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00339-00102889-00103041": "I'm totally going for it.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00340-00103175-00103473": "It was so beautiful.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00341-00103551-00103846": "A bit of that experience came like twice after that.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00342-00103970-00104255": "It was this connection that just came. I was at", "9dE4RAMokdE-00343-00104255-00104417": "one retreat, David wasn't there", "9dE4RAMokdE-00344-00104417-00104540": "at that time.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00345-00104540-00104828": "I was just talking about the experience and", "9dE4RAMokdE-00346-00104828-00105132": "it was coming to me.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00347-00105132-00105274": "David came into my Mind as well.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00348-00106062-00106382": "One time I was dreaming,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00349-00106744-00107024": "I was riding this white horse and we were", "9dE4RAMokdE-00350-00107024-00107139": "flying up in the air", "9dE4RAMokdE-00351-00107192-00107492": "and I was moving around, like resistance", "9dE4RAMokdE-00352-00107612-00107902": "to the joining. Because the ego", "9dE4RAMokdE-00353-00107902-00108152": "is so afraid, it knows it is undoing.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00354-00108152-00108305": "So, it's totally scary.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00355-00108347-00108615": "So, I was moving around on the horse,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00356-00108615-00108837": "with resistance. We came down to the ground.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00357-00109034-00109183": "We couldn't fly with the resistance.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00358-00109267-00109607": "We came down to the ground and the horse was saying, Helana", "9dE4RAMokdE-00359-00109622-00109730": "why are you moving?", "9dE4RAMokdE-00360-00109965-00110226": "That was coming in a period", "9dE4RAMokdE-00361-00110226-00110550": "when I had resistance coming up. It was just really frightening.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00362-00110634-00110954": "It was just coming in as a symbol at that time. That it was now,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00363-00111000-00111182": "still to be with you.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00364-00111236-00111518": "It's just this re-assurance, of what the guidance", "9dE4RAMokdE-00365-00111518-00111830": "had been before. Also, at the beginning it was", "9dE4RAMokdE-00366-00111830-00112022": "similar to Erik and Arnel.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00367-00112070-00112170": "We had met though.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00368-00112295-00112610": "But, I could only see him as Jesus. I didn't see him as a", "9dE4RAMokdE-00369-00112610-00112912": "man. We started talking", "9dE4RAMokdE-00370-00112912-00113066": "over Skype.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00371-00113121-00113361": "Using the symbol", "9dE4RAMokdE-00372-00113361-00113536": "of engagement.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00373-00113619-00113754": "We had never kissed.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00374-00114076-00114410": "We were on different continents at that time.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00375-00114438-00114739": "I got the guidance to", "9dE4RAMokdE-00376-00114739-00115049": "put on the ring that I had used in my", "9dE4RAMokdE-00377-00115049-00115184": "former relationship.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00378-00115544-00115859": "I just put the ring on. I went out walking with my dogs.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00379-00115891-00116183": "I had not even talked to David. We just talked about it and I was like ok", "9dE4RAMokdE-00380-00116183-00116402": "I'll just try it out then. I'll just put on the ring.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00381-00116456-00116728": "Because really it's the decision", "9dE4RAMokdE-00382-00116728-00117014": "for union with God. Oneness.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00383-00117014-00117293": "The circle that is never broken.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00384-00117433-00117645": "You're dedicated to", "9dE4RAMokdE-00385-00117645-00117858": "just knowing that you are it.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00386-00117939-00118235": "Just use it with a backdrop of relationships.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00387-00118235-00118533": "Which is just flushing away everything.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00388-00118573-00118906": "So, yes", "9dE4RAMokdE-00389-00118906-00119230": "I put on the ring and I was just walking out there with my dogs. The dogs", "9dE4RAMokdE-00390-00119230-00119500": "were just doing all these things that they do not normally do.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00391-00119625-00119770": "Like diving into the grass.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00392-00119779-00119890": "All of a sudden, they were", "9dE4RAMokdE-00393-00119930-00120205": "just diving into the grass. I was like, oh man that's funny.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00394-00120235-00120523": "It just came to me, just dive right in.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00395-00120606-00120891": "So, it was just like this.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00396-00120891-00121191": "It was just this bench", "9dE4RAMokdE-00397-00121191-00121486": "that was moved every day when I was walking the dogs. I lived on this island, and", "9dE4RAMokdE-00398-00121486-00121802": "there was this bench that was moved", "9dE4RAMokdE-00399-00121802-00122101": "every time I saw it. It was moved by someone.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00400-00122101-00122244": "This day, it was down", "9dE4RAMokdE-00401-00122351-00122657": "by this fire place. David, you sent me this", "9dE4RAMokdE-00402-00122668-00122988": "song that was called Eternal Flame. Which is,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00403-00122988-00123252": "of course the flame with God. Burning", "9dE4RAMokdE-00404-00123280-00123480": "Love that is always there for us.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00405-00123545-00123895": "At this fire place, there was a left hand glove", "9dE4RAMokdE-00406-00123959-00124059": "that day.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00407-00124089-00124386": "A left hand glove. Normally,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00408-00124415-00124693": "you have your engagement or wedding ring on the left hand side.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00409-00124753-00124854": "It was there, laying there,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00410-00124908-00125102": "right at the fire place.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00411-00125226-00125447": "I was like, ok there's another one.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00412-00125529-00125630": "This bench", "9dE4RAMokdE-00413-00125696-00125796": "was right there", "9dE4RAMokdE-00414-00125823-00126123": "at the fire place.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00415-00126427-00126716": "The back was facing towards the fire place. So, it was", "9dE4RAMokdE-00416-00126716-00126996": "showing there's not any specialness.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00417-00126996-00127190": "But it is facing the water.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00418-00127190-00127437": "Which to me, it was a huge symbol for the Holy Spirit.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00419-00127437-00127761": "That it's all focused on the guidance.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00420-00127761-00127976": "That's going to pull you through with everything that you", "9dE4RAMokdE-00421-00128020-00128304": "have put up as a defense for the specialness.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00422-00128335-00128631": "It was this beautiful thing.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00423-00128631-00128750": "I told David, ok I", "9dE4RAMokdE-00424-00128786-00128898": "put on the ring.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00425-00129011-00129307": "So, it was like this whole different way of", "9dE4RAMokdE-00426-00129307-00129593": "doing it.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00427-00129593-00129793": "When he came to Sweden,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00428-00129929-00130037": "I could kiss him for the first time.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00429-00130158-00130439": "After we were engaged, I could.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00430-00130498-00130622": "It was a commonality,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00431-00130661-00130761": "it was all backwards.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00432-00130988-00131520": "The world is backwards and upside down.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00433-00131788-00131956": "All the symbols..", "9dE4RAMokdE-00434-00132058-00132216": "For Erik and Arnel, the tattooed", "9dE4RAMokdE-00435-00132216-00132359": "rings.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00436-00132359-00132663": "In fact, it's just the top part there of your fingers.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00437-00132663-00132969": "You have to actually have your hands together", "9dE4RAMokdE-00438-00132984-00133284": "to have the circle complete. They're some", "9dE4RAMokdE-00439-00133284-00133440": "beautiful symbols that", "9dE4RAMokdE-00440-00133459-00133604": "I had never heard about. There it is.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00441-00134009-00134111": "You can imagine", "9dE4RAMokdE-00442-00134153-00134422": "how it works.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00443-00134454-00134784": "I think for them, a legal marriage was very important.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00444-00134787-00135093": "In fact, Arnel wouldn't be sitting here", "9dE4RAMokdE-00445-00135093-00135417": "in this seat if it wasn't for that legal marriage.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00446-00135446-00135737": "With Helena and I....I had been", "9dE4RAMokdE-00447-00135737-00136042": "a traveling mystic for many years", "9dE4RAMokdE-00448-00136042-00136291": "starting back in 1991.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00449-00136317-00136620": "So, by the time I first met her it was 2005.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00450-00136620-00136920": "By the time we came together to start traveling together", "9dE4RAMokdE-00451-00136920-00137089": "it was 2007.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00452-00137152-00137371": "You might have heard of off the grid.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00453-00137481-00137808": "Mystics are off the grid. Way off the grid.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00454-00138012-00138327": "So far off the grid, that I have just been living", "9dE4RAMokdE-00455-00138327-00138485": "on divine providence doing", "9dE4RAMokdE-00456-00138527-00138686": "gatherings.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00457-00138755-00139056": "Living a very simple life. Instead of living", "9dE4RAMokdE-00458-00139067-00139343": "at the Sheraton or the Holiday Inn and using", "9dE4RAMokdE-00459-00139343-00139516": "planes, I was using,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00460-00139580-00139739": "mostly in the United States", "9dE4RAMokdE-00461-00139774-00140078": "and some parts of Canada, I was using a little 3 cylinder", "9dE4RAMokdE-00462-00140078-00140370": "car, Chevy Sprint. Back when the", "9dE4RAMokdE-00463-00140370-00140677": "gasoline was $1 a gallon.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00464-00140677-00140964": "The car got 40 something miles a gallon.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00465-00141001-00141220": "So the donations went pretty far.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00466-00141326-00141625": "Dinner time was go into your", "9dE4RAMokdE-00467-00141625-00141917": "local grocery store. Get a loaf", "9dE4RAMokdE-00468-00141917-00142082": "of french bread for $1.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00469-00142113-00142400": "Get a can of Hunts Spaghetti sauce.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00470-00142523-00142623": "There you go.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00471-00142717-00142817": "Prime feast.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00472-00142941-00143105": "Dipping that long bread.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00473-00143168-00143268": "You're really hungry.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00474-00143279-00143525": "A loaf of french bread and a", "9dE4RAMokdE-00475-00143525-00143723": "can of spaghetti sauce goes a long way.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00476-00143902-00144216": "For $2 you can have a feast.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00477-00144232-00144575": "By the time I met Helana, I had been living a very", "9dE4RAMokdE-00478-00144613-00144763": "mystical life.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00479-00144934-00145239": "They talk about poverty level. My income", "9dE4RAMokdE-00480-00145239-00145452": "didn't come close to the poverty level.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00481-00145635-00145881": "Income tax...", "9dE4RAMokdE-00482-00145881-00146042": "I was living so simply.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00483-00146108-00146261": "People with homes, houses,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00484-00146334-00146602": "offerings of rides. Oh come stay here, here's a ride.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00485-00146614-00146956": "We're taking my little 3 cylinder car and scooting all over the place.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00486-00147166-00147450": "Very little money, living very simply.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00487-00147450-00147738": "By the time I had met Helana, I just begun", "9dE4RAMokdE-00488-00147745-00147962": "with the world travels in 2003.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00489-00148004-00148290": "So, that began with people offering me frequent", "9dE4RAMokdE-00490-00148290-00148587": "flier miles.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00491-00148608-00148887": "I actually was flown first class", "9dE4RAMokdE-00492-00148887-00149196": "down to", "9dE4RAMokdE-00493-00149196-00149532": "Argentina by a man named David", "9dE4RAMokdE-00494-00149552-00149864": "who had won a contest for Latin America Airlines.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00495-00150003-00150275": "If you go stay at these hotels and you", "9dE4RAMokdE-00496-00150275-00150394": "fly these airlines,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00497-00150433-00150721": "then you could win the grand prize,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00498-00150721-00150905": "1,000,000", "9dE4RAMokdE-00499-00150938-00151231": "frequent flyer miles. He said,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00500-00151231-00151331": "I won the prize.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00501-00151349-00151543": "So, I got all these frequent flyer miles.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00502-00151617-00151891": "So, you see how divine providence", "9dE4RAMokdE-00503-00151891-00152236": "oversees travel. You meet somebody that you've never", "9dE4RAMokdE-00504-00152236-00152529": "met before and they say, you should take this message", "9dE4RAMokdE-00505-00152529-00152861": "overseas, I've got 1,000,000 frequent flyer miles,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00506-00152888-00153208": "I'd like to go with you and fly two more people with you.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00507-00153208-00153556": "That's how the world travel is arranged.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00508-00154177-00154518": "In my case, I started with the course in 2008.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00509-00154576-00154712": "I think after that,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00510-00154751-00154851": "I was definitely", "9dE4RAMokdE-00511-00154885-00154991": "having problems", "9dE4RAMokdE-00512-00155088-00155188": "finding my way.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00513-00155193-00155303": "I guess it's really hard", "9dE4RAMokdE-00514-00155547-00155780": "to be consistent.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00515-00155925-00156233": "In June 2009, I met a", "9dE4RAMokdE-00516-00156233-00156333": "person", "9dE4RAMokdE-00517-00156359-00156476": "overseas.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00518-00156511-00156611": "I'm originally from Peru.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00519-00157129-00157424": "I just took the relationship, because I thought it was going to be", "9dE4RAMokdE-00520-00157424-00157530": "part of", "9dE4RAMokdE-00521-00157700-00157816": "my guidance.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00522-00157880-00158178": "It started really well of course. A year after,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00523-00158194-00158294": "when I talked to her about", "9dE4RAMokdE-00524-00158345-00158445": "the course,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00525-00158465-00158779": "everything changed. I guess,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00526-00158831-00159106": "from my part I was having expectations of what", "9dE4RAMokdE-00527-00159106-00159396": "I wanted in the relationship. But, I", "9dE4RAMokdE-00528-00159396-00159509": "noticed that when I talked to her about", "9dE4RAMokdE-00529-00159596-00159696": "my", "9dE4RAMokdE-00530-00159712-00159918": "experience with the course,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00531-00160017-00160117": "things changed.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00532-00160394-00160638": "We spent Christmas together last year.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00533-00161264-00161394": "I asked the Holy Spirit", "9dE4RAMokdE-00534-00161428-00161552": "to give me guidance.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00535-00161609-00161924": "During Christmas, I opened Chapter 15 he talks about", "9dE4RAMokdE-00536-00161974-00162277": "Christmas. There was a note right there pretty much telling me", "9dE4RAMokdE-00537-00162277-00162386": "to let it go.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00538-00162428-00162528": "So I did.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00539-00162592-00162857": "It was hard, definitely because", "9dE4RAMokdE-00540-00162857-00163124": "you believe you used to love that person.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00541-00163124-00163429": "But at the same time, we were far away from each other.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00542-00163619-00163915": "Since I talked to her about the Course,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00543-00164060-00164224": "and I felt like she wasn't following,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00544-00164269-00164372": "I was completely", "9dE4RAMokdE-00545-00164505-00164622": "frustrated", "9dE4RAMokdE-00546-00164671-00164847": "about the whole thing.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00547-00164879-00165141": "Anyway, I'm here now.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00548-00165161-00165474": "Trying to understand what's happened.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00549-00165916-00166164": "It's not so much form", "9dE4RAMokdE-00550-00166226-00166553": "of things. As you go deeper into your spiritual journey,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00551-00166566-00166864": "the relationships that are sent to you,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00552-00166911-00167189": "that are orchestrated, part of your awakening,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00553-00167278-00167413": "they become", "9dE4RAMokdE-00554-00167465-00167690": "vibrational relationships.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00555-00167763-00168054": "Some people will say, we're on the same page or we're not", "9dE4RAMokdE-00556-00168054-00168390": "on the same page. I find that,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00557-00168392-00168693": "every relationship is helpful.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00558-00168936-00169272": "The three levels of relationship that Jesus talks about.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00559-00169282-00169438": "The casual encounter.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00560-00169544-00169889": "The fairly intense, teaching learning situation where", "9dE4RAMokdE-00561-00169931-00170231": "you seem to separate.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00562-00170231-00170552": "Then, the life long relationship.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00563-00170552-00170799": "He prefaces, even those categories by saying", "9dE4RAMokdE-00564-00170829-00171138": "really there are no levels in God's plan.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00565-00171138-00171438": "Basically, every single", "9dE4RAMokdE-00566-00171438-00171671": "encounter that you have", "9dE4RAMokdE-00567-00171671-00171964": "is an opportunity to fully experience", "9dE4RAMokdE-00568-00171964-00172247": "enlightenment and salvation.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00569-00172247-00172452": "You can do it in any relationship.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00570-00172496-00172711": "You can do it when you're at the grocery store.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00571-00172774-00173071": "Or stopping to get some gas with the attendant", "9dE4RAMokdE-00572-00173071-00173301": "you're paying with.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00573-00173332-00173654": "Every single relationship is an opportunity.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00574-00173679-00173970": "He calls it a Holy encounter.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00575-00173970-00174232": "When you meet anyone remember it's a Holy encounter.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00576-00174263-00174545": "As you see him, you will see your Self.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00577-00174545-00174682": "As you treat him,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00578-00174740-00174999": "you will treat your Self. As you think of him,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00579-00175042-00175215": "you will think of your Self.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00580-00175247-00175537": "Then He says, never forget this. For in him, you will", "9dE4RAMokdE-00581-00175537-00175718": "find your Self or lose your Self.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00582-00175770-00176118": "So, that sounds a bit like the bible, take the stranger in.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00583-00176123-00176400": "If you think you have an enemy,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00584-00176400-00176500": "you don't.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00585-00176515-00176865": "It's just a filter in your mind that needs to be cleared.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00586-00176918-00177226": "Take the beam", "9dE4RAMokdE-00587-00177260-00177555": "out of your own eye,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00588-00177555-00177846": "before you take the spec out of your brother's eye.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00589-00177846-00178132": "It's totally your perception that has to shift.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00590-00178132-00178758": "It has nothing to do about projecting,  blaming and scapegoating.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00591-00178758-00179087": "In terms of relationships,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00592-00179112-00179347": "you really have to follow your guidance.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00593-00179462-00179766": "If you find yourself in a relationship", "9dE4RAMokdE-00594-00179766-00180068": "that may involve hostilities,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00595-00180068-00180283": "and difficulties and so on.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00596-00180283-00180436": "All relationships do.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00597-00180567-00180815": "As Erik and Arnel were saying, they all started special.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00598-00180884-00181204": "So, that shouldn't be unusual. In terms of", "9dE4RAMokdE-00599-00181233-00181452": "a deep vibrational connection,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00600-00181524-00181777": "in terms of what your shared purpose is,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00601-00181853-00182163": "that is really important in", "9dE4RAMokdE-00602-00182163-00182503": "these deep long term vibrational relationships.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00603-00182514-00182780": "You could call it forgiveness, you could call it", "9dE4RAMokdE-00604-00182848-00183149": "peace of mind, something like that.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00605-00183149-00183540": "It has to shake down that the priority", "9dE4RAMokdE-00606-00183584-00183849": "in the relationship is this higher", "9dE4RAMokdE-00607-00183865-00184138": "goal. If you've got", "9dE4RAMokdE-00608-00184155-00184444": "a desire for peace of mind or forgiveness", "9dE4RAMokdE-00609-00184444-00184544": "and your partner", "9dE4RAMokdE-00610-00184577-00184877": "wants a big house, and", "9dE4RAMokdE-00611-00184877-00185026": "such and such,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00612-00185062-00185320": "or children, or all the other things", "9dE4RAMokdE-00613-00185320-00185509": "that this world seems to offer.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00614-00185602-00185801": "The course is saying,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00615-00185841-00186154": "peace has to be number one.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00616-00186169-00186471": "You can call it whatever you want, it doesn't give you", "9dE4RAMokdE-00617-00186471-00186786": "any special names. People call it by many different names.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00618-00186786-00187080": "It could be tranquility, freedom,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00619-00187080-00187403": "love, or happiness. It can go by many different names.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00620-00187494-00187762": "I remember when I was first reading the course,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00621-00187815-00187956": "I read that passage,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00622-00187992-00188230": "the peace of God is my one goal.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00623-00188230-00188447": "The aim of all my living here,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00624-00188484-00188662": "the end I seek, my purpose", "9dE4RAMokdE-00625-00188737-00188853": "and my function", "9dE4RAMokdE-00626-00188884-00189207": "and my life while I abide where I am not at home.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00627-00189256-00189352": "I thought, wow.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00628-00189352-00189496": "If I ever", "9dE4RAMokdE-00629-00189529-00189629": "have a partner,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00630-00189655-00189780": "in sense of", "9dE4RAMokdE-00631-00189823-00190131": "living together and sharing together, it really would be helpful", "9dE4RAMokdE-00632-00190131-00190440": "if we shared the same goal.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00633-00190466-00190772": "Because so much darkness is going to come up that if we don't", "9dE4RAMokdE-00634-00190772-00191107": "have a superordinate or", "9dE4RAMokdE-00635-00191114-00191433": "a higher goal that we both really come back to", "9dE4RAMokdE-00636-00191433-00191533": "then", "9dE4RAMokdE-00637-00191552-00191744": "it feels like the relationship", "9dE4RAMokdE-00638-00191744-00191875": "just disintegrates.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00639-00191875-00192225": "It will seem to break up almost", "9dE4RAMokdE-00640-00192231-00192537": "like a spaceship entering the earth's atmosphere,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00641-00192537-00192815": "all the heat from the undoing will just", "9dE4RAMokdE-00642-00192815-00193129": "burn the thing up, unless there's a shared purpose.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00643-00193140-00193446": "So, I think what I hear from you,", "9dE4RAMokdE-00644-00193446-00193766": "it has been a lesson in discernment.", "9dE4RAMokdE-00645-00193826-00194171": "You do have a calling in your heart", "9dE4RAMokdE-00646-00194320-00194633": "and if you do feel like a partnership is part of that"}}, {"audio_id": "9ehuPOXUhUy", "text": {"9ehuPOXUhUy-00000-00000039-00000549": "In this lecture, you have learned how to compute the topological invariants given a specific", "9ehuPOXUhUy-00001-00000549-00001144": "Hamiltonian. I assume that you are now all confident that in principle you can implement", "9ehuPOXUhUy-00002-00001144-00001444": "the required algorithms if you are ever faced this tasks.", "9ehuPOXUhUy-00003-00001444-00002058": "Part of the difficulties in determining the invariants are due to the fact that in higher", "9ehuPOXUhUy-00004-00002058-00002755": "dimensions there are a lot of momentum variables to take care of: as the algorithms which you", "9ehuPOXUhUy-00005-00002755-00003161": "have learned in this course determine the topological invariants from the scattering", "9ehuPOXUhUy-00006-00003161-00003682": "properties of the system, you gain one dimension with respect to usual approaches employing", "9ehuPOXUhUy-00007-00003682-00004128": "the Hamiltonian simply due to the fact that the scattering matrix is a surface property", "9ehuPOXUhUy-00008-00004128-00004762": "of the system. Determining the topological invariant of a 1D system via the scattering", "9ehuPOXUhUy-00009-00004762-00005405": "matrix thus becomes as simple as determining the topological invariant of a 0D system in", "9ehuPOXUhUy-00010-00005405-00006105": "the Hamiltonian formulation. You have been shown that the topological invariant are given", "9ehuPOXUhUy-00011-00006130-00006670": "by either the trace, the determinant or the Pfaffian of the reflection matrix of the system,", "9ehuPOXUhUy-00012-00006670-00007275": "all of which can be determined very efficiently using well-established algorithms.", "9ehuPOXUhUy-00013-00007275-00007717": "In two dimension, you have for the first time faced the problem of determining a winding", "9ehuPOXUhUy-00014-00007717-00008321": "number. As I have shown to you in the introductory comment, in this case it seems like one has", "9ehuPOXUhUy-00015-00008321-00008886": "to have a lot of sample point in the Brillouin zone in order to be sure to have determined", "9ehuPOXUhUy-00016-00008886-00009486": "the right quantity. However, in this lecture, you have learned an algorithm which reduces", "9ehuPOXUhUy-00017-00009486-00010179": "the problem of determining the winding number simply counting the number of zeros of a polynomial", "9ehuPOXUhUy-00018-00010179-00010732": "within the unit-circle in the complex plane. This task can be performed very efficiently", "9ehuPOXUhUy-00019-00010732-00011321": "again using standard algorithms. Additionally, you have learned an efficient algorithm to", "9ehuPOXUhUy-00020-00011321-00012021": "calculate the topological invariant of a 3D system using the so-called Bott-index.", "9ehuPOXUhUy-00021-00012049-00012514": "So now you have all the tools you need to determine the topological invariants; and", "9ehuPOXUhUy-00022-00012514-00013108": "thus you can predict the number and nature of the protected interface states when bringing", "9ehuPOXUhUy-00023-00013108-00013362": "two materials with different topologies together."}}, {"audio_id": "9emuhYR5-n8", "text": {"9emuhYR5-n8-00000-00000105-00000378": "So what you see pictured here is a molecule of", "9emuhYR5-n8-00001-00000378-00000915": "adenosine triphosphate or ATP. Now, it should look", "9emuhYR5-n8-00002-00000915-00001173": "somewhat familiar to you because it's very similar", "9emuhYR5-n8-00003-00001212-00001566": "to a DNA nucleotide. And let's talk about the", "9emuhYR5-n8-00004-00001566-00001869": "components. So first of all, we have right here", "9emuhYR5-n8-00005-00001926-00002238": "what we would call a base and when we talked", "9emuhYR5-n8-00006-00002238-00002541": "about DNA nucleotides. So this happens to be an", "9emuhYR5-n8-00007-00002541-00003114": "adenine base. We also have a sugar or a ribose", "9emuhYR5-n8-00008-00003174-00003435": "and then our third component of a DNA nucleotide", "9emuhYR5-n8-00009-00003435-00003786": "would be a phosphate group. So that that portion", "9emuhYR5-n8-00010-00003786-00004188": "there would make an adenine nucleotide. However,", "9emuhYR5-n8-00011-00004188-00004443": "as you can see, we have two additional phosphate", "9emuhYR5-n8-00012-00004443-00004800": "groups. Here's one and here's the other. [A total of 3 phosphate groups are present] And so", "9emuhYR5-n8-00013-00004800-00005084": "that's why we call this adenosine triphosphate.", "9emuhYR5-n8-00014-00005142-00005451": "And one of the reason that this molecule is so", "9emuhYR5-n8-00015-00005451-00005709": "important that I want you to understand is because", "9emuhYR5-n8-00016-00005709-00005991": "it is what we call the energy currency of cells.", "9emuhYR5-n8-00017-00006129-00006465": "Now, what do I mean by that? Well, let's say that", "9emuhYR5-n8-00018-00006465-00006636": "you want to take a trip, you want to drive", "9emuhYR5-n8-00019-00006636-00006909": "somewhere or you need food. You want to make a", "9emuhYR5-n8-00020-00006909-00007305": "meal for your family, OK? It requires for any of", "9emuhYR5-n8-00021-00007305-00007593": "those things, you're going to need currency or", "9emuhYR5-n8-00022-00007593-00007823": "money to do that. You have to put money. You have", "9emuhYR5-n8-00023-00007823-00008127": "to give money to the gas station to get gas or the", "9emuhYR5-n8-00024-00008127-00008415": "grocery store to get groceries. Well, a cell has", "9emuhYR5-n8-00025-00008415-00008799": "to spend currency to do cellular work. A cell may", "9emuhYR5-n8-00026-00008799-00009213": "need to produce a protein or move a molecule. Any", "9emuhYR5-n8-00027-00009213-00009417": "of those processes are going to require it to", "9emuhYR5-n8-00028-00009417-00010110": "spend currency in the in the form of ATP. OK, so", "9emuhYR5-n8-00029-00010110-00010317": "you can think of this as the energy currency of", "9emuhYR5-n8-00030-00010317-00010635": "the cell. Now, what I want you to understand about", "9emuhYR5-n8-00031-00010635-00011136": "the structure of ATP is it's this last phosphate", "9emuhYR5-n8-00032-00011136-00011445": "group. [furthest from the ribose] So the bond here between the second and", "9emuhYR5-n8-00033-00011445-00011918": "third phosphate is that is a very important, high", "9emuhYR5-n8-00034-00011918-00012011": "energy bond.", "9emuhYR5-n8-00035-00012329-00012545": "Now we know that energy can't be created or", "9emuhYR5-n8-00036-00012545-00012863": "destroyed, so if there is a great deal of energy", "9emuhYR5-n8-00037-00012863-00013109": "in this bond when the bond is broken, that means", "9emuhYR5-n8-00038-00013109-00013304": "there will be a great deal of energy or a certain", "9emuhYR5-n8-00039-00013304-00013616": "amount of energy released. That is what the cell", "9emuhYR5-n8-00040-00013616-00014087": "uses to do cellular work. So ATP, when when we", "9emuhYR5-n8-00041-00014087-00014315": "spend money, let's say we have one hundred dollar", "9emuhYR5-n8-00042-00014315-00014678": "bill that would be like our ATP and we get change", "9emuhYR5-n8-00043-00014678-00015062": "back. OK, that would be like cleaving this bond of", "9emuhYR5-n8-00044-00015062-00015416": "the third phosphate of ATP. What are you left with", "9emuhYR5-n8-00045-00015416-00015650": "when you leave that phosphate. Well, you're left", "9emuhYR5-n8-00046-00015650-00016079": "with or the cell is left with a molecule of ADP,", "9emuhYR5-n8-00047-00016079-00016337": "which means adenosine diphosphate di standing", "9emuhYR5-n8-00048-00016337-00016724": "for the two phosphates. Well, ADP is not nearly as", "9emuhYR5-n8-00049-00016724-00017204": "high energy of a molecule. This the cleavage of", "9emuhYR5-n8-00050-00017204-00017525": "this last phosphate is what allows the cell to use", "9emuhYR5-n8-00051-00017525-00017981": "energy to do cellular work. Now, ATP, however, is", "9emuhYR5-n8-00052-00017981-00018251": "not meant to be a long term energy storage.", "9emuhYR5-n8-00053-00018350-00018638": "We store long term energy storage in the form of", "9emuhYR5-n8-00054-00018638-00019130": "fat or glycogen. But ATP is a short term molecule", "9emuhYR5-n8-00055-00019130-00019352": "that allows the cell to do work, and it is", "9emuhYR5-n8-00056-00019352-00019769": "constantly being converted back and forth from ATP", "9emuhYR5-n8-00057-00019790-00020215": "to ADP in the cell. Now, the cell has processes", "9emuhYR5-n8-00058-00020215-00020623": "that it goes through that help to reenergize the", "9emuhYR5-n8-00059-00020623-00021088": "ADP molecule back to ATP and then ATP is used for", "9emuhYR5-n8-00060-00021088-00021352": "the cells to do cellular work. So let's talk about", "9emuhYR5-n8-00061-00021352-00021604": "how this works. This happens constantly. This is", "9emuhYR5-n8-00062-00021607-00021814": "this is a process that's going on in all of your", "9emuhYR5-n8-00063-00021814-00022294": "cells many, many times. So if we have our ATP high", "9emuhYR5-n8-00064-00022294-00022543": "energy molecule, this so this is the bond that", "9emuhYR5-n8-00065-00022543-00022816": "we're talking about that gets broken. [the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate groups] And when", "9emuhYR5-n8-00066-00022816-00023035": "that bond is broken or when that phosphate is", "9emuhYR5-n8-00067-00023035-00023452": "cleaved off, OK, then we get an individual", "9emuhYR5-n8-00068-00023452-00023764": "phosphate released and this is what allows the", "9emuhYR5-n8-00069-00023764-00024272": "cell to do work. What we're left with then is ADP,", "9emuhYR5-n8-00070-00024277-00024514": "OK, where we only have two of the phosphate groups.", "9emuhYR5-n8-00071-00024677-00024986": "And this is a low energy molecule, but what the", "9emuhYR5-n8-00072-00024986-00025541": "cell does, OK, it takes the ADP and it reenergizes", "9emuhYR5-n8-00073-00025541-00025844": "it to a high energy ATP molecule. And the way that", "9emuhYR5-n8-00074-00025844-00026135": "it does that is based on the you have to eat food", "9emuhYR5-n8-00075-00026164-00026464": "in order to give yourself the raw materials to do", "9emuhYR5-n8-00076-00026464-00026777": "that. So, for example, you eat carbohydrates and", "9emuhYR5-n8-00077-00026777-00027083": "proteins and fats. Your digestive system breaks", "9emuhYR5-n8-00078-00027083-00027407": "those down into individual, individual small", "9emuhYR5-n8-00079-00027407-00027737": "molecules. And then in the mitochondria of your", "9emuhYR5-n8-00080-00027737-00028076": "cells, your mitochondria go through processes", "9emuhYR5-n8-00081-00028094-00028472": "which break the bonds of those nutrient molecules.", "9emuhYR5-n8-00082-00028493-00028775": "And the energy in those bonds is used to", "9emuhYR5-n8-00083-00028775-00029207": "reenergize ATP. So the food you eat gives provides", "9emuhYR5-n8-00084-00029207-00029663": "the energy to continually regenerate the ATP back", "9emuhYR5-n8-00085-00029663-00029810": "to ATP in the cell."}}, {"audio_id": "9ezqST5SKfE", "text": {"9ezqST5SKfE-00000-00000000-00000200": "hi everyone", "9ezqST5SKfE-00001-00000200-00003943": "this is silver micro 5 minute chart now buy call generated so candles are in green color sell trend means red color candle", "9ezqST5SKfE-00002-00003943-00005393": "this is signal generator it will generate calls in Live market buy or sell target and sl", "9ezqST5SKfE-00003-00005393-00010278": "candle color also will come according to market trend buy trend green color candle sell trend red color candle", "9ezqST5SKfE-00004-00010278-00013828": "lets wait and see how it works in live market still in reverse trend waiting for recovery in market", "9ezqST5SKfE-00005-00013828-00015663": "after some time it came near to target and breakout the target", "9ezqST5SKfE-00006-00015663-00017675": "like this only calls are reaching target", "9ezqST5SKfE-00007-00017675-00019315": "calls will not repeat, current call is buy call means next sell call will come", "9ezqST5SKfE-00008-00019315-00020704": "for subscription details Whats App - 9488462166"}}, {"audio_id": "9eVj4voNkxI", "text": {"9eVj4voNkxI-00000-00000028-00000588": "See there's a lot of people out there, and maybe you this listening to this, that will", "9eVj4voNkxI-00001-00000588-00000966": "look back on a day and they'll say, \"Man, I was so busy today.\"", "9eVj4voNkxI-00002-00001310-00002044": "Were you busy doing things that were strategically put in place to get you to where you ultimately", "9eVj4voNkxI-00003-00002044-00002152": "want to be?", "9eVj4voNkxI-00004-00002152-00002720": "There's big difference between busy and getting things accomplished.", "9eVj4voNkxI-00005-00002722-00003234": "There's a big difference between being busy and being effective.", "9eVj4voNkxI-00006-00003234-00003514": "Busy and being efficient.", "9eVj4voNkxI-00007-00003514-00004112": "My dad used to always tell me that a washing machine is busy, but it's not getting a whole", "9eVj4voNkxI-00008-00004112-00004235": "lot done.", "9eVj4voNkxI-00009-00004235-00004360": "Like being on a treadmill.", "9eVj4voNkxI-00010-00004360-00004640": "Like you're not getting, you're not going anywhere.", "9eVj4voNkxI-00011-00004640-00004870": "You're just spinning in circles.", "9eVj4voNkxI-00012-00004870-00005234": "That's where a lot of that time wasting comes in.", "9eVj4voNkxI-00013-00005235-00005564": "And there are these things that you do, the podcast that I did today with Ben Newman,", "9eVj4voNkxI-00014-00005564-00006251": "it was so powerful because he talked about, he talked about these, what did he call it?", "9eVj4voNkxI-00015-00006251-00006506": "It's called this the prize fight.", "9eVj4voNkxI-00016-00006506-00006614": "Let me find my notes.", "9eVj4voNkxI-00017-00006614-00007106": "I don't want to mess it up... your your prize fighter day.", "9eVj4voNkxI-00018-00007106-00007590": "So what are those activities that you have to accomplish each day to win the day?", "9eVj4voNkxI-00019-00007590-00007913": "So in your business, in your personal life, in your service to others, what are those", "9eVj4voNkxI-00020-00007913-00008375": "things that you have to do each day?", "9eVj4voNkxI-00021-00008375-00008931": "Activity based things, not performance based, like I have to sell this many things or I", "9eVj4voNkxI-00022-00008931-00009242": "have to close this many deals, the activity based.", "9eVj4voNkxI-00023-00009242-00009558": "Okay, no, I gotta make 50 phone calls a day.", "9eVj4voNkxI-00024-00009558-00010154": "If you know you have to make 50 phone calls a day to win the day, then that's the standard", "9eVj4voNkxI-00025-00010154-00010374": "with which you just start operating in.", "9eVj4voNkxI-00026-00010374-00011252": "Andy did a video maybe a week or so ago, and it talked about the real goal and the real", "9eVj4voNkxI-00027-00011252-00011438": "mindset behind 75 Hard.", "9eVj4voNkxI-00028-00011438-00011882": "And man, it just hit me, because it was exactly what I was going through.", "9eVj4voNkxI-00029-00011882-00012813": "And he talked about, you know, happiness, fulfillment, success, it really just boils", "9eVj4voNkxI-00030-00012813-00013603": "down to on a daily basis, being able to go to sleep proud of the effort that you put", "9eVj4voNkxI-00031-00013603-00013768": "in that day.", "9eVj4voNkxI-00032-00013768-00014248": "Being able to, at the end of the day, look back on the things that you did, all the things", "9eVj4voNkxI-00033-00014248-00014956": "that you accomplished, and being able to feel that sense of pride in your effort, that sense", "9eVj4voNkxI-00034-00014956-00015518": "of pride in your accomplishment, that sense of pride in knowing that you honored your", "9eVj4voNkxI-00035-00015518-00015618": "word.", "9eVj4voNkxI-00036-00015618-00015780": "That you said you would do these things and you did those things.", "9eVj4voNkxI-00037-00015780-00016365": "So it's not so much about the amount of time you're spending working.", "9eVj4voNkxI-00038-00016365-00016804": "It's about, you know what you're doing in that time that's more important.", "9eVj4voNkxI-00039-00016804-00017181": "So I think it's just all intentionality.", "9eVj4voNkxI-00040-00017181-00017748": "That is where happiness and fulfillment are born.", "9eVj4voNkxI-00041-00017748-00018476": "It's being able to, every single day create an environment through structure, through", "9eVj4voNkxI-00042-00018476-00019304": "discipline, through accountability to where you can be proud of yourself on daily basis.", "9eVj4voNkxI-00043-00019304-00019593": "That's ultimately how we're going to become fulfilled.", "9eVj4voNkxI-00044-00019593-00019899": "Like we just want to be proud of the things that we're doing"}}, {"audio_id": "9f8cSlrqaTY", "text": {"9f8cSlrqaTY-00000-00000000-00000480": "maybe the paper is a little bit messy, but as you can see, i sometimes drew a little bit of", "9f8cSlrqaTY-00001-00000480-00001168": "a full right at this top of the triangle. i wasn't even sure, and i noticed that it was a number four,", "9f8cSlrqaTY-00002-00001232-00001792": "and wow, it has a really long tail right. can you see it here."}}, {"audio_id": "9fvBv87zT2A", "text": {"9fvBv87zT2A-00000-00000600-00002576": "They're planning to tie the knot next September. And Pixie Lott and her fiancé Oliver Cheshire were enjoying a wild night out at Mahiki in Kensington, London on Saturday, making the most of their festive celebrations together.", "9fvBv87zT2A-00001-00002726-00004188": "The pop princess, 26, was showing off her new platinum blonde bob and choppy fringe as she left the venue in the early hours of the following morning.", "9fvBv87zT2A-00002-00004338-00005611": "Scroll down for video  Pixie opted for a covered up look, donning figure-hugging leather trousers and a baby pink jacket.", "9fvBv87zT2A-00003-00005761-00006883": "She added some extra warmth thanks to a bright pink coat and accessorsied with a glittering satchel.", "9fvBv87zT2A-00004-00007033-00008119": "The Voice Kids judge added some extra height to her look thanks to a pair of chunky heeled boots.", "9fvBv87zT2A-00005-00008269-00009424": "She was spotted leading the way out of the venue, joined by Oliver, who hopped into a taxi beside her.", "9fvBv87zT2A-00006-00009574-00010693": "It was the second night out in a row for Pixie and her man, who were seen partying together on Friday.", "9fvBv87zT2A-00007-00010843-00012421": "The Baby hitmaker, 26, and her model beau, 29, looked happier than ever in each other's charming company following their night out with their pals.", "9fvBv87zT2A-00008-00012571-00013793": "Gorgeous Pixie was impossible to miss as she clashed her statement scarlet jacket with her loud leopard print blouse.", "9fvBv87zT2A-00009-00013943-00015488": "Ensuring all eyes are well and truly on her petite figure, the Won't Forget You hitmaker tucked her animal print top into her slim-fit jeans to show off her tiny waist.", "9fvBv87zT2A-00010-00015638-00017785": "Since she put on a dazzling runway appearance on a Dolce and Gabbana catwalk, Pixie is rarely seen without a designer accessory so of course she toted a D&G sky-blue handbag adorned with golden and fuchsia pink sequins to catch the eye.", "9fvBv87zT2A-00011-00017935-00019054": "Glamorous Pixie spared a moment on the way back to the car to glance down at her watch to check the time.", "9fvBv87zT2A-00012-00019204-00020623": "As she toyed with her newly bobbed platinum locks in the back of the taxi, the singer caught the light with her huge sparkler which she wore on her ring finger.", "9fvBv87zT2A-00013-00020773-00021979": "Meanwhile, her beau Oliver looked incredibly dapper in his plush jacket and he wore his locks in a tousled fashion.", "9fvBv87zT2A-00014-00022129-00023627": "The lovebirds have been going strong since they got engaged in November 2016 when Oliver popped the question outside St Paul's Cathedral, London.", "9fvBv87zT2A-00015-00023777-00025302": "However, the pop princess confessed the pair won't be starting a family anytime before they plan to tie the knot in a romantic ceremony next year in September time.", "9fvBv87zT2A-00016-00025452-00027920": "'We'll get married first and see what happens after that,' Pixie told the publication. 'Obviously we're engaged. We don't want to be engaged for ages and then get married. Oliver's super busy at the moment and we don't want to rush it and just shoehorn it in because I want it to be amazing.", "9fvBv87zT2A-00017-00028070-00029972": "'We're sort of saying September next year so that gives us some time to plan still. But we haven't made any plans yet. I think he'll let me take the reigns. I mean hopefully he's bothered about it.'", "9fvBv87zT2A-00018-00030122-00031548": "Stunning Pixie previously told MailOnline from the MTV's EMAs red carpet that she is feeling 'very chilled' about planning ahead for the big day.", "9fvBv87zT2A-00019-00031698-00033276": "She explained: 'I'm very chilled, so I won't be bridezilla. It's all about having the best day ever and having fun, you don't want to stress yourself out!'", "9fvBv87zT2A-00020-00033426-00035152": "'I don't want a poofy dress, I want it to be timeless, I don't want to look back on it and be like 'What was I thinking?'. I don't know whether I should have my hair curly or straight'."}}, {"audio_id": "9fxedHs9164", "text": {"9fxedHs9164-00000-00000009-00000169": "CHAPTER V.—MOTHER CHATTOX.", "9fxedHs9164-00001-00000169-00000583": "Not far from the green where the May-day revels were held, stood the ancient parish church", "9fxedHs9164-00002-00000583-00001022": "of Whalley, its square tower surmounted with a flag-staff and banner, and shaking with", "9fxedHs9164-00003-00001022-00001198": "the joyous peals of the ringers.", "9fxedHs9164-00004-00001198-00001680": "A picturesque and beautiful structure it was, though full of architectural incongruities;", "9fxedHs9164-00005-00001680-00002228": "and its grey walls and hoary buttresses, with the lancet-shaped windows of the choir, and", "9fxedHs9164-00006-00002228-00002775": "the ramified tracery of the fine eastern window, could not fail to please any taste not quite", "9fxedHs9164-00007-00002775-00003149": "so critical as to require absolute harmony and perfection in a building.", "9fxedHs9164-00008-00003149-00003839": "Parts of the venerable fabric were older than the Abbey itself, dating back as far as the", "9fxedHs9164-00009-00003839-00004332": "eleventh century, when a chapel occupied the site; and though many alterations had been", "9fxedHs9164-00010-00004332-00004817": "made in the subsequent structure at various times, and many beauties destroyed, especially", "9fxedHs9164-00011-00004817-00005417": "during the period of the Reformation, enough of its pristine character remained to render", "9fxedHs9164-00012-00005417-00005759": "it a very good specimen of an old country church.", "9fxedHs9164-00013-00005759-00006117": "Internally, the cylindrical columns of the north aisle, the construction of the choir,", "9fxedHs9164-00014-00006117-00007054": "and the three stone seats supported on rounded columns near the altar, proclaimed its high", "9fxedHs9164-00015-00007054-00007154": "antiquity.", "9fxedHs9164-00016-00007154-00007654": "Within the choir were preserved the eighteen richly-carved stalls once occupying a similar", "9fxedHs9164-00017-00007654-00008243": "position in the desecrated conventual church: and though exquisite in themselves, they seemed", "9fxedHs9164-00018-00008243-00008704": "here sadly out of place, not being proportionate to the structure.", "9fxedHs9164-00019-00008704-00009237": "Their elaborately-carved seats projected far into the body of the church, and their crocketed", "9fxedHs9164-00020-00009237-00009525": "pinnacles shot up almost to the ceiling.", "9fxedHs9164-00021-00009525-00010481": "But it was well they had not shared the destruction in which almost all the other ornaments of", "9fxedHs9164-00022-00010481-00010699": "the magnificent fane they once decorated were involved.", "9fxedHs9164-00023-00010699-00011078": "Carefully preserved, the black varnished oak well displayed the quaint and grotesque designs", "9fxedHs9164-00024-00011078-00011364": "with which many of them—the Prior's stall in especial—were embellished.", "9fxedHs9164-00025-00011364-00012010": "Chief among them was the abbot's stall, festooned with sculptured vine wreaths and clustering", "9fxedHs9164-00026-00012010-00012332": "grapes, and bearing the auspicious inscription:", "9fxedHs9164-00027-00012332-00012709": "Semper gaudentes sint ista sede sedentes:", "9fxedHs9164-00028-00012709-00013176": "singularly inapplicable, however, to the last prelate who filled it.", "9fxedHs9164-00029-00013176-00013516": "Some fine old monuments, and warlike trophies of neighbouring wealthy families, adorned", "9fxedHs9164-00030-00013516-00014101": "the walls, and within the nave was a magnificent pew, with a canopy and pillars of elaborately-carved", "9fxedHs9164-00031-00014101-00014704": "oak, and lattice-work at the sides, allotted to the manor of Read, and recently erected", "9fxedHs9164-00032-00014704-00015340": "by Roger Nowell; while in the north and south aisles were two small chapels, converted since", "9fxedHs9164-00033-00015340-00015816": "the reformed faith had obtained, into pews—the one called Saint Mary's Cage, belonging to", "9fxedHs9164-00034-00015816-00016203": "the Assheton family; and the other appertaining to the Catterals of Little Mitton, and designated", "9fxedHs9164-00035-00016203-00016303": "Saint Nicholas's Cage.", "9fxedHs9164-00036-00016303-00016897": "Under the last-named chapel were interred some of the Paslews of Wiswall, and here lay", "9fxedHs9164-00037-00016897-00017708": "the last unfortunate Abbot of Whalley, between whoso grave, and the Assheton and Braddyll", "9fxedHs9164-00038-00017708-00018679": "families, a fatal relation was supposed to subsist.", "9fxedHs9164-00039-00018679-00021138": "Another large pew, allotted to the Towneleys, and designated Saint Anthony's Cage, was rendered", "9fxedHs9164-00040-00021138-00030474": "remarkable, by a characteristic speech of Sir John Towneley, which gave much offence", "9fxedHs9164-00041-00030474-00030608": "to the neighbouring dames.", "9fxedHs9164-00042-00030608-00031241": "Called upon to decide as to the position of the sittings in the church, the discourteous", "9fxedHs9164-00043-00031241-00031974": "knight made choice of Saint Anthony's Cage, already mentioned, declaring, \"My man, Shuttleworth", "9fxedHs9164-00044-00031974-00032770": "of Hacking, made this form, and here will I sit when I come; and my cousin Nowell may", "9fxedHs9164-00045-00032770-00033362": "make a seat behind me if he please, and my son Sherburne shall make one on the other", "9fxedHs9164-00046-00033362-00033834": "side, and Master Catteral another behind him, and for the residue the use shall be, first", "9fxedHs9164-00047-00033834-00034412": "come first speed, and that will make the proud wives of Whalley rise betimes to come to church.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00048-00034412-00034897": "One can fancy the rough knight's chuckle, as he addressed these words to the old clerk,", "9fxedHs9164-00049-00034897-00035197": "certain of their being quickly repeated to the \"proud wives\" in question.", "9fxedHs9164-00050-00035197-00035630": "Within the churchyard grew two fine old yew-trees, now long since decayed and gone, but then", "9fxedHs9164-00051-00035630-00036011": "spreading their dark-green arms over the little turf-covered graves.", "9fxedHs9164-00052-00036011-00036654": "Reared against the buttresses of the church was an old stone coffin, together with a fragment", "9fxedHs9164-00053-00036654-00037081": "of a curious monumental effigy, likewise of stone; but the most striking objects in the", "9fxedHs9164-00054-00037081-00037435": "place, and deservedly ranked amongst the wonders of Whalley, were three remarkable obelisk-shaped", "9fxedHs9164-00055-00037435-00037793": "crosses, set in a line upon pedestals, covered with singular devices in fretwork, and all", "9fxedHs9164-00056-00037793-00037972": "three differing in size and design.", "9fxedHs9164-00057-00037972-00038289": "Evidently of remotest antiquity, these crosses were traditionally assigned to Paullinus,", "9fxedHs9164-00058-00038289-00038998": "who, according to the Venerable Bede, first preached the Gospel in these parts, in the", "9fxedHs9164-00059-00038998-00039610": "early part of the seventh century; but other legends were attached to them by the vulgar,", "9fxedHs9164-00060-00039610-00039843": "and dim mystery brooded over them.", "9fxedHs9164-00061-00039843-00040451": "Vestiges of another people and another faith were likewise here discernible, for where", "9fxedHs9164-00062-00040451-00040870": "the Saxon forefathers of the village prayed and slumbered in death, the Roman invaders", "9fxedHs9164-00063-00040870-00041387": "of the isle had trodden, and perchance performed their religious rites; some traces of an encampment", "9fxedHs9164-00064-00041387-00041855": "being found in the churchyard by the historian of the spot, while the north boundary of the", "9fxedHs9164-00065-00041855-00042208": "hallowed precincts was formed by a deep foss, once encompassing the nigh-obliterated fortification.", "9fxedHs9164-00066-00042208-00042504": "Besides these records of an elder people, there was another memento of bygone days and", "9fxedHs9164-00067-00042504-00043038": "creeds, in a little hermitage and chapel adjoining it, founded in the reign of Edward III., by", "9fxedHs9164-00068-00043038-00043404": "Henry, Duke of Lancaster, for the support of two recluses and a priest to say masses", "9fxedHs9164-00069-00043404-00044199": "daily for him and his descendants; but this pious bequest being grievously abused in the", "9fxedHs9164-00070-00044199-00046824": "subsequent reign of Henry VI., by Isole de Heton, a fair widow, who in the first transports", "9fxedHs9164-00071-00046824-00055976": "of grief, vowing herself to heaven, took up her abode in the hermitage, and led a very", "9fxedHs9164-00072-00055976-00057181": "disorderly life therein, to the great scandal of the Abbey, and the great prejudice of the", "9fxedHs9164-00073-00057181-00057783": "morals of its brethren, and at last, tired even of the slight restraint imposed upon", "9fxedHs9164-00074-00057783-00058281": "her, fled away \"contrary to her oath and profession, not willing, nor intending to be restored", "9fxedHs9164-00075-00058281-00059031": "again;\" the hermitage was dissolved by the pious monarch, and masses ordered to be said", "9fxedHs9164-00076-00059031-00059473": "daily in the parish church for the repose of the soul of the founder.", "9fxedHs9164-00077-00059473-00060008": "Such was the legend attached to the little cell, and tradition went on to say that the", "9fxedHs9164-00078-00060008-00060848": "anchoress broke her leg in crossing Whalley Nab, and limped ever afterwards; a just judgment", "9fxedHs9164-00079-00060848-00061189": "on such a heinous offender.", "9fxedHs9164-00080-00061189-00062026": "Both these little structures were picturesque objects, being overgrown with ivy and woodbine.", "9fxedHs9164-00081-00062026-00062630": "The chapel was completely in ruins, while the cell, profaned by the misdoings of the", "9fxedHs9164-00082-00062630-00063800": "dissolute votaress Isole, had been converted into a cage for vagrants and offenders, and", "9fxedHs9164-00083-00063800-00064968": "made secure by a grated window, and a strong door studded with broad-headed nails.", "9fxedHs9164-00084-00064968-00065522": "The view from the churchyard, embracing the vicarage-house, a comfortable residence, surrounded", "9fxedHs9164-00085-00065522-00066302": "by a large walled-in garden, well stocked with fruit-trees, and sheltered by a fine", "9fxedHs9164-00086-00066302-00067029": "grove of rook-haunted timber, extended on the one hand over the village, and on the", "9fxedHs9164-00087-00067029-00067575": "other over the Abbey, and was bounded by the towering and well-wooded heights of Whalley", "9fxedHs9164-00088-00067575-00067675": "Nab.", "9fxedHs9164-00089-00067675-00068236": "On the side of the Abbey, the most conspicuous objects were the great north-eastern gateway,", "9fxedHs9164-00090-00068236-00068637": "with the ruined conventual church.", "9fxedHs9164-00091-00068637-00070043": "Ever beautiful, the view was especially so on the present occasion, from the animated", "9fxedHs9164-00092-00070043-00071605": "scene combined with it; and the pleasant prospect was enjoyed by a large assemblage, who had", "9fxedHs9164-00093-00071605-00072199": "adjourned thither to witness the concluding part of the festival.", "9fxedHs9164-00094-00072199-00074326": "Within the green and flower-decked bowers which, as has before been mentioned, were", "9fxedHs9164-00095-00074326-00074958": "erected in the churchyard, were seated Doctor Ormerod and Sir Ralph Assheton, with such", "9fxedHs9164-00096-00074958-00075518": "of their respective guests as had not already retired, including Richard and Nicholas Assheton,", "9fxedHs9164-00097-00075518-00076105": "both of whom had returned from the abbey; the former having been dismissed by Lady Assheton", "9fxedHs9164-00098-00076105-00076683": "from further attendance upon Alizon, and the latter having concluded his discourse with", "9fxedHs9164-00099-00076683-00077849": "Parson Dewhurst, who, indeed, accompanied him to the church, and was now placed between", "9fxedHs9164-00100-00077849-00078949": "the Vicar and the Rector of Middleton.", "9fxedHs9164-00101-00078949-00079883": "From this gentle elevation the gay company on the green could be fully discerned, the", "9fxedHs9164-00102-00079883-00080441": "tall May-pole, with its garlands and ribands, forming a pivot, about which the throng ever", "9fxedHs9164-00103-00080441-00081031": "revolved, while stationary amidst the moving masses, the rush-cart reared on high its broad", "9fxedHs9164-00104-00081031-00081666": "green back, as if to resist the living waves constantly dashed against it.", "9fxedHs9164-00105-00081666-00082162": "By-and-by a new kind of movement was perceptible, and it soon became evident that a procession", "9fxedHs9164-00106-00082162-00082262": "was being formed.", "9fxedHs9164-00107-00082262-00082588": "Immediately afterwards, the rush-cart was put in motion, and winded slowly along the", "9fxedHs9164-00108-00082588-00083101": "narrow street leading to the church, preceded by the morris-dancers and the other May-day", "9fxedHs9164-00109-00083101-00083442": "revellers, and followed by a great concourse of people, shouting, dancing, and singing.", "9fxedHs9164-00110-00083442-00083558": "On came the crowd.", "9fxedHs9164-00111-00083558-00083964": "The jingling of bells, and the sound of music grew louder and louder, and the procession,", "9fxedHs9164-00112-00083964-00084216": "lost for awhile behind some intervening habitations, though the men bestriding the rush-cart could", "9fxedHs9164-00113-00084216-00084685": "be discerned over their summits, burst suddenly into view; and the revellers entering the", "9fxedHs9164-00114-00084685-00085220": "churchyard, drew up on either side of the little path leading to the porch, while the", "9fxedHs9164-00115-00085220-00085387": "rush-cart coming up the next moment, stopped at the gate.", "9fxedHs9164-00116-00085387-00085519": "Then four young maidens dressed in white, and having baskets in their hands, advanced", "9fxedHs9164-00117-00085519-00085913": "and scattered flowers along the path; after which ladders were reared against the sides", "9fxedHs9164-00118-00085913-00086231": "of the rush-cart, and the men, descending from their exalted position, bore the garlands", "9fxedHs9164-00119-00086231-00086704": "to the church, preceded by the vicar and the two other divines, and followed by Robin Hood", "9fxedHs9164-00120-00086704-00087177": "and his band, the morris-dancers, and a troop of little children singing a hymn.", "9fxedHs9164-00121-00087177-00087668": "The next step was to unfasten the bundles of rushes, of which the cart was composed,", "9fxedHs9164-00122-00087668-00088094": "and this was very quickly and skilfully performed, the utmost care being taken of the trinkets", "9fxedHs9164-00123-00088094-00088343": "and valuables with which it was ornamented.", "9fxedHs9164-00124-00088343-00088956": "These were gathered together in baskets and conveyed to the vestry, and there locked up.", "9fxedHs9164-00125-00088956-00089572": "This done, the bundles of rushes were taken up by several old women, who strewed the aisles", "9fxedHs9164-00126-00089572-00090094": "with them, and placed such as had been tied up as mats in the pews.", "9fxedHs9164-00127-00090094-00090739": "At the same time, two casks of ale set near the gate, and given for the occasion by the", "9fxedHs9164-00128-00090739-00091605": "vicar, were broached, and their foaming contents freely distributed among the dancers and the", "9fxedHs9164-00129-00091605-00091705": "thirsty crowd.", "9fxedHs9164-00130-00091705-00092316": "Very merry were they, as may be supposed, in consequence, but their mirth was happily", "9fxedHs9164-00131-00092316-00092542": "kept within due limits of decorum.", "9fxedHs9164-00132-00092542-00093991": "When the rush-cart was wellnigh unladen Richard Assheton entered the church, and greatly pleased", "9fxedHs9164-00133-00093991-00099248": "with the effect of the flowery garlands with which the various pews were decorated, said", "9fxedHs9164-00134-00099248-00108074": "as much to the vicar, who smilingly replied, that he was glad to find he approved of the", "9fxedHs9164-00135-00108074-00108852": "practice, \"even though it might savour of superstition;\" and as the good doctor walked", "9fxedHs9164-00136-00108852-00109624": "away, being called forth, the young man almost unconsciously turned into the chapel on the", "9fxedHs9164-00137-00109624-00109953": "north aisle.", "9fxedHs9164-00138-00109953-00111296": "Here he stood for a few moments gazing round the church, wrapt in pleasing meditation,", "9fxedHs9164-00139-00111296-00115109": "in which many objects, somewhat foreign to the place and time, passed through his mind,", "9fxedHs9164-00140-00115109-00120638": "when, chancing to look down, he saw a small funeral wreath, of mingled yew and cypress,", "9fxedHs9164-00141-00120638-00124238": "lying at his feet, and a slight tremor passed over his frame, as he found he was standing", "9fxedHs9164-00142-00124238-00124552": "on the ill-omened grave of Abbot Paslew.", "9fxedHs9164-00143-00124552-00125126": "Before he could ask himself by whom this sad garland had been so deposited, Nicholas Assheton", "9fxedHs9164-00144-00125126-00125700": "came up to him, and with a look of great uneasiness cried, \"Come away instantly, Dick.", "9fxedHs9164-00145-00125700-00125950": "Do you know where you are standing?\"", "9fxedHs9164-00146-00125950-00126376": "\"On the grave of the last Abbot of Whalley,\" replied Richard, smiling.", "9fxedHs9164-00147-00126376-00126821": "\"Have you forgotten the common saying,\" cried Nicholas—\"that the Assheton who stands on", "9fxedHs9164-00148-00126821-00127098": "that unlucky grave shall die within the year?", "9fxedHs9164-00149-00127098-00127198": "Come away at once.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00150-00127198-00127698": "\"It is too late,\" replied Richard, \"I have incurred the fate, if such a fate be attached", "9fxedHs9164-00151-00127698-00128239": "to the tomb; and as my moving away will not preserve me, so my tarrying here cannot injure", "9fxedHs9164-00152-00128239-00128339": "me further.", "9fxedHs9164-00153-00128339-00128447": "But I have no fear.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00154-00128447-00128715": "\"You have more courage than I possess,\" rejoined Nicholas.", "9fxedHs9164-00155-00128715-00129107": "\"I would not set foot on that accursed stone for half the county.", "9fxedHs9164-00156-00129107-00129520": "Its malign influence on our house has been approved too often.", "9fxedHs9164-00157-00129520-00129954": "The first to experience the fatal destiny were Richard Assheton and John Braddyll, the", "9fxedHs9164-00158-00129954-00130141": "purchasers of the Abbey.", "9fxedHs9164-00159-00130141-00130678": "Both met here together on the anniversary of the abbot's execution—some forty years", "9fxedHs9164-00160-00130678-00131074": "after its occurrence, it is true, and when they were both pretty well stricken in years—and", "9fxedHs9164-00161-00131074-00131575": "within that year, namely 1578, both died, and were buried in the vault on the opposite", "9fxedHs9164-00162-00131575-00131819": "side of the church, not many paces from their old enemy.", "9fxedHs9164-00163-00131819-00132227": "The last instance was my poor brother Richard, who, being incredulous as you are, was resolved", "9fxedHs9164-00164-00132227-00132801": "to brave the destiny, and stationed himself upon the tomb during divine service, but he", "9fxedHs9164-00165-00132801-00132977": "too died within the appointed time.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00166-00132977-00133355": "\"He was bewitched to death—so, at least, it is affirmed,\" said Richard Assheton, with", "9fxedHs9164-00167-00133355-00133455": "a smile.", "9fxedHs9164-00168-00133455-00133727": "\"But I believe in one evil influence just as much as in the other.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00169-00133727-00134077": "\"It matters not how the destiny be accomplished, so it come to pass,\" rejoined the squire,", "9fxedHs9164-00170-00134077-00134177": "turning away.", "9fxedHs9164-00171-00134177-00134277": "\"Heaven shield you from it!\"", "9fxedHs9164-00172-00134277-00134427": "\"Stay!\" said Richard, picking up the wreath.", "9fxedHs9164-00173-00134427-00134650": "\"Who, think you, can have placed this funeral garland on the abbot's grave?\"", "9fxedHs9164-00174-00134650-00134985": "\"I cannot guess!\" cried Nicholas, staring at it in amazement—\"an enemy of ours, most", "9fxedHs9164-00175-00134985-00135085": "likely.", "9fxedHs9164-00176-00135085-00135342": "It is neither customary nor lawful in our Protestant country so to ornament graves.", "9fxedHs9164-00177-00135342-00135442": "Put it down, Dick.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00178-00135442-00135819": "\"I shall not displace it, certainly,\" replied Richard, laying it down again; \"but I as little", "9fxedHs9164-00179-00135819-00136440": "think it has been placed here by a hostile hand, as I do that harm will ensue to me from", "9fxedHs9164-00180-00136440-00136540": "standing here.", "9fxedHs9164-00181-00136540-00137189": "To relieve your anxiety, however, I will come forth,\" he added, stepping into the aisle.", "9fxedHs9164-00182-00137189-00137525": "\"Why should an enemy deposit a garland on the abbot's tomb, since it was by mere chance", "9fxedHs9164-00183-00137525-00137787": "that it hath met my eyes?\"", "9fxedHs9164-00184-00137787-00138235": "\"Mere chance!\" cried Nicholas; \"every thing is mere chance with you philosophers.", "9fxedHs9164-00185-00138235-00138437": "There is more than chance in it.", "9fxedHs9164-00186-00138437-00138582": "My mind misgives me strangely.", "9fxedHs9164-00187-00138582-00139204": "That terrible old Abbot Paslew is as troublesome to us in death, as he was during life to our", "9fxedHs9164-00188-00139204-00139304": "predecessor, Richard Assheton.", "9fxedHs9164-00189-00139304-00139779": "Not content with making his tombstone a weapon of destruction to us, he pays the Abbey itself", "9fxedHs9164-00190-00139779-00140251": "an occasional visit, and his appearance always betides some disaster to the family.", "9fxedHs9164-00191-00140251-00140795": "I have never seen him myself, and trust I never shall; but other people have, and have", "9fxedHs9164-00192-00140795-00141020": "been nigh scared out of their senses by the apparition.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00193-00141020-00141425": "\"Idle tales, the invention of overheated brains,\" rejoined Richard.", "9fxedHs9164-00194-00141425-00142004": "\"Trust me, the abbot's rest will not be broken till the day when all shall rise from their", "9fxedHs9164-00195-00142004-00142614": "tombs; though if ever the dead (supposing such a thing possible) could be justified", "9fxedHs9164-00196-00142614-00142910": "in injuring and affrighting the living, it might be in his case, since he mainly owed", "9fxedHs9164-00197-00142910-00143010": "his destruction to our ancestor.", "9fxedHs9164-00198-00143010-00143110": "On the same principle it has been held that church-lands are unlucky to their lay possessors;", "9fxedHs9164-00199-00143110-00143210": "but see how this superstitious notion has been disproved in our own family, to whom", "9fxedHs9164-00200-00143210-00143310": "Whalley Abbey and its domains have brought wealth, power, and worldly happiness.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00201-00143310-00143418": "\"There is something in the notion, nevertheless,\" replied Nicholas; \"and though our case may,", "9fxedHs9164-00202-00143418-00143983": "I hope, continue an exception to the rule, most grantees of ecclesiastical houses have", "9fxedHs9164-00203-00143983-00145230": "found them a curse, and the time may come when the Abbey may prove so to our descendants.", "9fxedHs9164-00204-00145230-00145599": "But, without discussing the point, there is one instance in which the malignant influence", "9fxedHs9164-00205-00145599-00145699": "of the vindictive abbot has undoubtedly extended long after his death.", "9fxedHs9164-00206-00145699-00145931": "You have heard, I suppose, that he pronounced a dreadful anathema upon the child of a man", "9fxedHs9164-00207-00145931-00147534": "who had the reputation of being a wizard, and who afterwards acted as his executioner.", "9fxedHs9164-00208-00147534-00148383": "I know not the whole particulars of the dark story, but I know that Paslew fixed a curse", "9fxedHs9164-00209-00148383-00148969": "upon the child, declaring it should become a witch, and the mother of witches.", "9fxedHs9164-00210-00148969-00150908": "And the prediction has been verified.", "9fxedHs9164-00211-00150908-00153499": "Nigh eighty years have flown by since then, and the infant still lives—a fearful and", "9fxedHs9164-00212-00153499-00153859": "mischievous witch—and all her family are similarly fated—all are witches.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00213-00153859-00154100": "\"I never heard the story before,\" said Richard, somewhat thoughtfully; \"but I guess to whom", "9fxedHs9164-00214-00154100-00154200": "you allude—Mother Demdike of Pendle Forest, and her family.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00215-00154200-00154300": "\"Precisely,\" rejoined Nicholas; \"they are a brood of witches.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00216-00154300-00154400": "\"In that case Alizon Device must be a witch,\" cried Richard; \"and I think you will hardly", "9fxedHs9164-00217-00154400-00154500": "venture upon such an assertion after what you have seen of her to-day.", "9fxedHs9164-00218-00154500-00154600": "If she be a witch, I would there were many such—as fair and gentle.", "9fxedHs9164-00219-00154600-00154700": "And see you not how easily the matter is explained?", "9fxedHs9164-00220-00154700-00154897": "'Give a dog an ill name and hang him'—a proverb with which you are familiar enough.", "9fxedHs9164-00221-00154897-00154997": "So with Mother Demdike.", "9fxedHs9164-00222-00154997-00155097": "Whether really uttered or not, the abbot's curse upon her and her issue has been bruited", "9fxedHs9164-00223-00155097-00155303": "abroad, and hence she is made a witch, and her children are supposed to inherit the infamous", "9fxedHs9164-00224-00155303-00155403": "taint.", "9fxedHs9164-00225-00155403-00155503": "So it is with yon tomb.", "9fxedHs9164-00226-00155503-00155805": "It is said to be dangerous to our family, and dangerous no doubt it is to those who", "9fxedHs9164-00227-00155805-00155952": "believe in the saying, which, luckily, I do not.", "9fxedHs9164-00228-00155952-00156105": "The prophecy works its own fulfilment.", "9fxedHs9164-00229-00156105-00156331": "The absurdity and injustice of yielding to the opinion are manifest.", "9fxedHs9164-00230-00156331-00156590": "No wrong can have been done the abbot by Mother Demdike, any more than by her children, and", "9fxedHs9164-00231-00156590-00156815": "yet they are to be punished for the misdeeds of their predecessor.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00232-00156815-00157047": "\"Ay, just as you and I, who are of the third and fourth generation, may be punished for", "9fxedHs9164-00233-00157047-00157147": "the sins of our fathers,\" rejoined Nicholas.", "9fxedHs9164-00234-00157147-00157247": "\"You have Scripture against you, Dick.", "9fxedHs9164-00235-00157247-00157347": "The only thing I see in favour of your argument is, the instance you allege of Alizon.", "9fxedHs9164-00236-00157347-00157447": "She does not look like a witch, certainly; but there is no saying.", "9fxedHs9164-00237-00157447-00157724": "She may be only the more dangerous for her rare beauty, and apparent innocence!\"", "9fxedHs9164-00238-00157724-00157824": "\"I would answer for her truth with my life,\" cried Richard, quickly.", "9fxedHs9164-00239-00157824-00158150": "\"It is impossible to look at her countenance, in which candour and purity shine forth, and", "9fxedHs9164-00240-00158150-00158250": "doubt her goodness.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00241-00158250-00158504": "\"She hath cast her spells over you, Dick, that is certain,\" rejoined Nicholas, laughing;", "9fxedHs9164-00242-00158504-00158604": "\"but to be serious.", "9fxedHs9164-00243-00158604-00158750": "Alizon, I admit, is an exception to the rest of the family, but that only strengthens the", "9fxedHs9164-00244-00158750-00158850": "general rule.", "9fxedHs9164-00245-00158850-00158998": "Did you ever remark the strange look they all—save the fair maid in question—have", "9fxedHs9164-00246-00158998-00159098": "about the eyes?\"", "9fxedHs9164-00247-00159098-00159198": "Richard answered in the negative.", "9fxedHs9164-00248-00159198-00159298": "\"It is very singular, and I wonder you have not noticed it,\" pursued Nicholas; \"but the", "9fxedHs9164-00249-00159298-00159398": "question of reputed witchcraft in Mother Demdike has some chance of being speedily settled;", "9fxedHs9164-00250-00159398-00159498": "for Master Potts, the little London lawyer, who goes with us to Pendle Forest to-morrow,", "9fxedHs9164-00251-00159498-00159698": "is about to have her arrested and examined before a magistrate.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00252-00159698-00159892": "\"Indeed!\" exclaimed Richard, \"this must be prevented.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00253-00159892-00159992": "\"Why so?\"", "9fxedHs9164-00254-00159992-00160092": "exclaimed Nicholas, in surprise.", "9fxedHs9164-00255-00160092-00160299": "\"Because the prejudice existing against her is sure to convict and destroy her,\" replied", "9fxedHs9164-00256-00160299-00160399": "Richard.", "9fxedHs9164-00257-00160399-00160499": "\"Her great age, infirmities, and poverty, will be proofs against her.", "9fxedHs9164-00258-00160499-00160599": "How can she, or any old enfeebled creature like her, whose decrepitude and misery should", "9fxedHs9164-00259-00160599-00160699": "move compassion rather than excite fear—how can such a person defend herself against charges", "9fxedHs9164-00260-00160699-00160799": "easily made, and impossible to refute?", "9fxedHs9164-00261-00160799-00160899": "I do not deny the possibility of witchcraft, even in our own days, though I think it of", "9fxedHs9164-00262-00160899-00160999": "very unlikely occurrence; but I would determinately resist giving credit to any tales told by", "9fxedHs9164-00263-00160999-00161099": "the superstitious vulgar, who, naturally prone to cruelty, have so many motives for revenging", "9fxedHs9164-00264-00161099-00161199": "imaginary wrongs.", "9fxedHs9164-00265-00161199-00161299": "It is placing a dreadful weapon in their hands, of which they have cunning enough to know", "9fxedHs9164-00266-00161299-00161399": "the use, but neither mercy nor justice enough to restrain them from using it.", "9fxedHs9164-00267-00161399-00161499": "Better let one guilty person escape, than many innocent perish.", "9fxedHs9164-00268-00161499-00161599": "So many undefined charges have been brought against Mother Demdike, that at last they", "9fxedHs9164-00269-00161599-00161699": "have fixed a stigma on her name, and made her an object of dread and suspicion.", "9fxedHs9164-00270-00161699-00161799": "She is endowed with mysterious power, which would have no effect if not believed in; and", "9fxedHs9164-00271-00161799-00161899": "now must be burned because she is called a witch, and is doting and vain enough to accept", "9fxedHs9164-00272-00161899-00161999": "the title.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00273-00161999-00162099": "\"There is something in a witch difficult, nay, almost impossible to describe,\" said", "9fxedHs9164-00274-00162099-00162199": "Nicholas, \"but you cannot be mistaken about her.", "9fxedHs9164-00275-00162199-00162299": "By her general ill course of life, by repeated acts of mischief, and by threats, followed", "9fxedHs9164-00276-00162299-00162399": "by the consequences menaced, she becomes known.", "9fxedHs9164-00277-00162399-00162499": "There is much mystery in the matter, not permitted human knowledge entirely to penetrate; but,", "9fxedHs9164-00278-00162499-00162599": "as we know from the Scriptures that the sin of witchcraft did exist, and as we have no", "9fxedHs9164-00279-00162599-00162699": "evidence that it has ceased, so it is fair to conclude, that there may be practisers", "9fxedHs9164-00280-00162699-00162799": "of the dark offence in our own days, and such I hold to be Mother Demdike and Mother Chattox.", "9fxedHs9164-00281-00162799-00162899": "Rival potentates in evil, they contend which shall do most mischief, but it must be admitted", "9fxedHs9164-00282-00162899-00162999": "the former bears away the bell.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00283-00162999-00163103": "\"If all the ill attributed to her were really caused by her machinations, this might be", "9fxedHs9164-00284-00163103-00163276": "correct,\" replied Richard, \"but it only shows her to be more calumniated than the other.", "9fxedHs9164-00285-00163276-00163800": "In a word, cousin Nicholas, I look upon them as two poor old creatures, who, persuaded", "9fxedHs9164-00286-00163800-00164163": "they really possess the supernatural power accorded to them by the vulgar, strive to", "9fxedHs9164-00287-00164163-00164699": "act up to their parts, and are mainly assisted in doing so by the credulity and fears of", "9fxedHs9164-00288-00164699-00164902": "their audience.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00289-00164902-00166149": "\"Admitting the blind credulity of the multitude,\" said Nicholas, \"and their proneness to discern", "9fxedHs9164-00290-00166149-00166465": "the hand of the witch in the most trifling accidents; admitting also, their readiness", "9fxedHs9164-00291-00166465-00166769": "to accuse any old crone unlucky enough to offend them of sorcery; I still believe that", "9fxedHs9164-00292-00166769-00166869": "there are actual practisers of the black art, who, for a brief term of power, have entered", "9fxedHs9164-00293-00166869-00168219": "into a league with Satan, worship him and attend his sabbaths, and have a familiar,", "9fxedHs9164-00294-00168219-00172550": "in the shape of a cat, dog, toad, or mole, to obey their behests, transform themselves", "9fxedHs9164-00295-00172550-00173070": "into various shapes—as a hound, horse, or hare,—raise storms of wind or hail, maim", "9fxedHs9164-00296-00173070-00173349": "cattle, bewitch and slay human beings, and ride whither they will on broomsticks.", "9fxedHs9164-00297-00173349-00173646": "But, holding the contrary opinion, you will not, I apprehend, aid Master Potts in his", "9fxedHs9164-00298-00173646-00173746": "quest of witches.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00299-00173746-00173846": "\"I will not,\" rejoined Richard.", "9fxedHs9164-00300-00173846-00174033": "\"On the contrary, I will oppose him.", "9fxedHs9164-00301-00174033-00174188": "But enough of this.", "9fxedHs9164-00302-00174188-00174345": "Let us go forth.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00303-00174345-00174514": "And they quitted the church together.", "9fxedHs9164-00304-00174514-00174920": "As they issued into the churchyard, they found the principal arbours occupied by the morris-dancers,", "9fxedHs9164-00305-00174920-00175324": "Robin Hood and his troop, Doctor Ormerod and Sir Ralph having retired to the vicarage-house.", "9fxedHs9164-00306-00175324-00175701": "Many merry groups were scattered about, talking, laughing, and singing; but two persons, seemingly", "9fxedHs9164-00307-00175701-00176789": "objects of suspicion and alarm, and shunned by every one who crossed their path, were", "9fxedHs9164-00308-00176789-00177242": "advancing slowly towards the three crosses of Paullinus, which stood in a line, not far", "9fxedHs9164-00309-00177242-00177342": "from the church-porch.", "9fxedHs9164-00310-00177342-00177558": "They were females, one about five-and-twenty, very comely, and habited in smart holiday", "9fxedHs9164-00311-00177558-00178050": "attire, put on with considerable rustic coquetry, so as to display a very neat foot and ankle,", "9fxedHs9164-00312-00178050-00178565": "and with plenty of ribands in her fine chestnut hair.", "9fxedHs9164-00313-00178565-00178907": "The other was a very different person, far advanced in years, bent almost double, palsy-stricken,", "9fxedHs9164-00314-00178907-00179161": "her arms and limbs shaking, her head nodding, her chin wagging, her snowy locks hanging", "9fxedHs9164-00315-00179161-00179416": "about her wrinkled visage, her brows and upper lip frore, and her eyes almost sightless,", "9fxedHs9164-00316-00179416-00179553": "the pupils being cased with a thin white film.", "9fxedHs9164-00317-00179553-00179653": "Her dress, of antiquated make and faded stuff, had been once deep red in colour, and her", "9fxedHs9164-00318-00179653-00179753": "old black hat was high-crowned and broad-brimmed.", "9fxedHs9164-00319-00179753-00180174": "She partly aided herself in walking with a crutch-handled stick, and partly leaned upon", "9fxedHs9164-00320-00180174-00180274": "her younger companion for support.", "9fxedHs9164-00321-00180274-00180608": "\"Why, there is one of the old women we have just been speaking of—Mother Chattox,\" said", "9fxedHs9164-00322-00180608-00180708": "Richard, pointing them out, \"and with her, her grand-daughter, pretty Nan Redferne.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00323-00180708-00180808": "\"So it is,\" cried Nicholas, \"what makes the old hag here, I marvel!", "9fxedHs9164-00324-00180808-00180908": "I will go question her.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00325-00180908-00181008": "So saying, he strode quickly towards her.", "9fxedHs9164-00326-00181008-00181108": "\"How now, Mother Chattox!\" he cried.", "9fxedHs9164-00327-00181108-00181208": "\"What mischief is afoot?", "9fxedHs9164-00328-00181208-00181308": "What makes the darkness-loving owl abroad in the glare of day?", "9fxedHs9164-00329-00181308-00181408": "What brings the grisly she-wolf from her forest lair?", "9fxedHs9164-00330-00181408-00181508": "Back to thy den, old witch!", "9fxedHs9164-00331-00181508-00181608": "Ar't crazed, as well as blind and palsied, that thou knowest not that this is a merry-making,", "9fxedHs9164-00332-00181608-00181708": "and not a devil's sabbath?", "9fxedHs9164-00333-00181708-00181808": "Back to thy hut, I say!", "9fxedHs9164-00334-00181808-00181908": "These sacred precincts are no place for thee.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00335-00181908-00182008": "\"Who is it speaks to me?\"", "9fxedHs9164-00336-00182008-00182108": "demanded the old hag, halting, and fixing her glazed eyes upon him.", "9fxedHs9164-00337-00182108-00182208": "\"One thou hast much injured,\" replied Nicholas.", "9fxedHs9164-00338-00182208-00182308": "\"One into whose house thou hast brought quick-wasting sickness and death by thy infernal arts.", "9fxedHs9164-00339-00182308-00182408": "One thou hast good reason to fear; for learn, to thy confusion, thou damned and murtherous", "9fxedHs9164-00340-00182408-00182508": "witch, it is Nicholas, brother to thy victim, Richard Assheton of Downham, who speaks to", "9fxedHs9164-00341-00182508-00182608": "thee.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00342-00182608-00182708": "\"I know none I have reason to fear,\" replied Mother Chattox; \"especially thee, Nicholas", "9fxedHs9164-00343-00182708-00182808": "Assheton.", "9fxedHs9164-00344-00182808-00182908": "Thy brother was no victim of mine.", "9fxedHs9164-00345-00182908-00183008": "Thou wert the gainer by his death, not I.", "9fxedHs9164-00346-00183008-00183108": "Why should I slay him?\"", "9fxedHs9164-00347-00183108-00183208": "\"I will tell thee why, old hag,\" cried Nicholas; \"he was inflamed by the beauty of thy grand-daughter", "9fxedHs9164-00348-00183208-00183308": "Nancy here, and it was to please Tom Redferne, her sweetheart then, but her spouse since,", "9fxedHs9164-00349-00183308-00183408": "that thou bewitchedst him to death.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00350-00183408-00183508": "\"That reason will not avail thee, Nicholas,\" rejoined Mother Chattox, with a derisive laugh.", "9fxedHs9164-00351-00183508-00183608": "\"If I had any hand in his death, it was to serve and pleasure thee, and that all men", "9fxedHs9164-00352-00183608-00183708": "shall know, if I am questioned on the subject—ha! ha!", "9fxedHs9164-00353-00183708-00183808": "Take me to the crosses, Nance.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00354-00183808-00183908": "\"Thou shalt not 'scape thus, thou murtherous hag,\" cried Nicholas, furiously.", "9fxedHs9164-00355-00183908-00184008": "\"Nay, let her go her way,\" said Richard, who had drawn near during the colloquy.", "9fxedHs9164-00356-00184008-00184108": "\"No good will come of meddling with her.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00357-00184108-00184208": "\"Who's that?\" asked Mother Chattox, quickly.", "9fxedHs9164-00358-00184208-00184308": "Illustration: NAN REDFERNE AND MOTHER CHATTOX.", "9fxedHs9164-00359-00184308-00184408": "Nan Redferne and Mother Chattox.", "9fxedHs9164-00360-00184408-00184508": "\"Master Richard Assheton, o' Middleton,\" whispered Nan Redferne.", "9fxedHs9164-00361-00184508-00184608": "\"Another of these accursed Asshetons,\" cried Mother Chattox.", "9fxedHs9164-00362-00184608-00184708": "\"A plague seize them!\"", "9fxedHs9164-00363-00184708-00184808": "\"Boh he's weel-favourt an kindly,\" remarked her grand-daughter.", "9fxedHs9164-00364-00184808-00184908": "\"Well-favoured or not, kindly or cruel, I hate them all,\" cried Mother Chattox.", "9fxedHs9164-00365-00184908-00185008": "\"To the crosses, I say!\"", "9fxedHs9164-00366-00185008-00185108": "But Nicholas placed himself in their path.", "9fxedHs9164-00367-00185108-00185208": "\"Is it to pray to Beelzebub, thy master, that thou wouldst go to the crosses?\" he asked.", "9fxedHs9164-00368-00185208-00185308": "\"Out of my way, pestilent fool!\" cried the hag.", "9fxedHs9164-00369-00185308-00185408": "\"Thou shalt not stir till I have had an answer,\" rejoined Nicholas.", "9fxedHs9164-00370-00185408-00185508": "\"They say those are Runic obelisks, and not Christian crosses, and that the carvings upon", "9fxedHs9164-00371-00185508-00185608": "them have a magical signification.", "9fxedHs9164-00372-00185608-00185708": "The first, it is averred, is written o'er with deadly curses, and the forms in which", "9fxedHs9164-00373-00185708-00185808": "they are traced, as serpentine, triangular, or round, indicate and rule their swift or", "9fxedHs9164-00374-00185808-00185908": "slow effect.", "9fxedHs9164-00375-00185908-00186008": "The second bears charms against diseases, storms, and lightning.", "9fxedHs9164-00376-00186008-00186108": "And on the third is inscribed a verse which will render him who can read it rightly, invisible", "9fxedHs9164-00377-00186108-00186208": "to mortal view.", "9fxedHs9164-00378-00186208-00186308": "Thou shouldst be learned in such lore, old Pythoness.", "9fxedHs9164-00379-00186308-00186408": "Is it so?\"", "9fxedHs9164-00380-00186408-00186508": "The hag's chin wagged fearfully, and her frame trembled with passion, but she spoke not.", "9fxedHs9164-00381-00186508-00186608": "\"Have you been in the church, old woman?\"", "9fxedHs9164-00382-00186608-00186708": "interposed Richard.", "9fxedHs9164-00383-00186708-00186808": "\"Ay, wherefore?\" she rejoined.", "9fxedHs9164-00384-00186808-00186908": "\"Some one has placed a cypress wreath on Abbot Paslew's grave.", "9fxedHs9164-00385-00186908-00187008": "Was it you?\"", "9fxedHs9164-00386-00187008-00187108": "he asked.", "9fxedHs9164-00387-00187108-00187208": "\"What! hast thou found it?\" cried the hag.", "9fxedHs9164-00388-00187208-00187308": "\"It shall bring thee rare luck, lad—rare luck.", "9fxedHs9164-00389-00187308-00187408": "Now let me pass.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00390-00187408-00187508": "\"Not yet,\" cried Nicholas, forcibly grasping her withered arm.", "9fxedHs9164-00391-00187508-00187608": "The hag uttered a scream of rage.", "9fxedHs9164-00392-00187608-00187708": "\"Let me go, Nicholas Assheton,\" she shrieked, \"or thou shalt rue it.", "9fxedHs9164-00393-00187708-00187808": "Cramps and aches shall wring and rack thy flesh and bones; fever shall consume thee;", "9fxedHs9164-00394-00187808-00187908": "ague shake thee—shake thee—ha!\"", "9fxedHs9164-00395-00187908-00188008": "And Nicholas recoiled, appalled by her fearful gestures.", "9fxedHs9164-00396-00188008-00188108": "\"You carry your malignity too far, old woman,\" said Richard severely.", "9fxedHs9164-00397-00188108-00188208": "\"And thou darest tell me so,\" cried the hag.", "9fxedHs9164-00398-00188208-00188308": "\"Set me before him, Nance, that I may curse him,\" she added, raising her palsied arm.", "9fxedHs9164-00399-00188308-00188408": "\"Nah, nah—yo'n cursed ower much already, grandmother,\" cried Nan Redferne, endeavouring", "9fxedHs9164-00400-00188408-00188508": "to drag her away.", "9fxedHs9164-00401-00188508-00188608": "But the old woman resisted.", "9fxedHs9164-00402-00188608-00188708": "\"I will teach him to cross my path,\" she vociferated, in accents shrill and jarring as the cry of", "9fxedHs9164-00403-00188708-00188808": "the goat-sucker.", "9fxedHs9164-00404-00188808-00188908": "\"Handsome he is, it may be, now, but he shall not be so long.", "9fxedHs9164-00405-00188908-00189008": "The bloom shall fade from his cheek, the fire be extinguished in his eyes, the strength", "9fxedHs9164-00406-00189008-00189108": "depart from his limbs.", "9fxedHs9164-00407-00189108-00189208": "Sorrow shall be her portion who loves him—sorrow and shame!\"", "9fxedHs9164-00408-00189208-00189308": "\"Horrible!\" exclaimed Richard, endeavouring to exclude the voice of the crone, which pierced", "9fxedHs9164-00409-00189308-00189408": "his ears like some sharp instrument.", "9fxedHs9164-00410-00189408-00189508": "\"Ha! ha! you fear me now,\" she cried.", "9fxedHs9164-00411-00189508-00189608": "\"By this, and this, the spell shall work,\" she added, describing a circle in the air", "9fxedHs9164-00412-00189608-00189708": "with her stick, then crossing it twice, and finally scattering over him a handful of grave", "9fxedHs9164-00413-00189708-00189808": "dust, snatched from an adjoining hillock.", "9fxedHs9164-00414-00189808-00189908": "\"Now lead me quickly to the smaller cross, Nance,\" she added, in a low tone.", "9fxedHs9164-00415-00189908-00190008": "Her grand-daughter complied, with a glance of deep commiseration at Richard, who remained", "9fxedHs9164-00416-00190008-00190108": "stupefied at the ominous proceeding.", "9fxedHs9164-00417-00190108-00190208": "\"Ah! this must indeed be a witch!\" he cried, recovering from the momentary shock.", "9fxedHs9164-00418-00190208-00190308": "\"So you are convinced at last,\" rejoined Nicholas.", "9fxedHs9164-00419-00190308-00190408": "\"I can take breath now the old hell-cat is gone.", "9fxedHs9164-00420-00190408-00190508": "But she shall not escape us.", "9fxedHs9164-00421-00190508-00190608": "Keep an eye upon her, while I see if Simon Sparshot, the beadle, be within the churchyard,", "9fxedHs9164-00422-00190608-00190708": "and if so he shall take her into custody, and lock her in the cage.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00423-00190708-00190808": "With this, he ran towards the throng, shouting lustily for the beadle.", "9fxedHs9164-00424-00190808-00190908": "Presently a big, burly fellow, in a scarlet doublet, laced with gold, a black velvet cap", "9fxedHs9164-00425-00190908-00191008": "trimmed with red ribands, yellow hose, and shoes with great roses in them, and bearing", "9fxedHs9164-00426-00191008-00191108": "a long silver-headed staff, answered the summons, and upon being told why his services were", "9fxedHs9164-00427-00191108-00191208": "required, immediately roared out at the top of a stentorian voice, \"A witch, lads!—a", "9fxedHs9164-00428-00191208-00191308": "witch!\"", "9fxedHs9164-00429-00191308-00191408": "All was astir in an instant.", "9fxedHs9164-00430-00191408-00191508": "Robin Hood and his merry men, with the morris-dancers, rushed out of their bowers, and the whole", "9fxedHs9164-00431-00191508-00191608": "churchyard was in agitation.", "9fxedHs9164-00432-00191608-00191708": "Above the din was heard the loud voice of Simon Sparshot, still shouting, \"A witch!—witch!—Mother", "9fxedHs9164-00433-00191708-00191808": "Chattox!\"", "9fxedHs9164-00434-00191808-00191908": "\"Where—where?\"", "9fxedHs9164-00435-00191908-00192008": "demanded several voices.", "9fxedHs9164-00436-00192008-00192108": "\"Yonder,\" replied Nicholas, pointing to the further cross.", "9fxedHs9164-00437-00192108-00192208": "A general movement took place in that direction, the crowd being headed by the squire and the", "9fxedHs9164-00438-00192208-00192308": "beadle, but when they came up, they found only Nan Redferne standing behind the obelisk.", "9fxedHs9164-00439-00192308-00192408": "\"Where the devil is the old witch gone, Dick?\"", "9fxedHs9164-00440-00192408-00192508": "cried Nicholas, in dismay.", "9fxedHs9164-00441-00192508-00192608": "\"I thought I saw her standing there with her grand-daughter,\" replied Richard; \"but in", "9fxedHs9164-00442-00192608-00192708": "truth I did not watch very closely.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00443-00192708-00192808": "\"Search for her—search for her,\" cried Nicholas.", "9fxedHs9164-00444-00192808-00192908": "But neither behind the crosses, nor behind any monument, nor in any hole or corner, nor", "9fxedHs9164-00445-00192908-00193008": "on the other side of the churchyard wall, nor at the back of the little hermitage or", "9fxedHs9164-00446-00193008-00193108": "chapel, though all were quickly examined, could the old hag be found.", "9fxedHs9164-00447-00193108-00193208": "On being questioned, Nan Redferne refused to say aught concerning her grandmother's", "9fxedHs9164-00448-00193208-00193308": "flight or place of concealment.", "9fxedHs9164-00449-00193308-00193408": "\"I begin to think there is some truth in that strange legend of the cross,\" said Nicholas.", "9fxedHs9164-00450-00193408-00193508": "\"Notwithstanding her blindness, the old hag must have managed to read the magic verse", "9fxedHs9164-00451-00193508-00193608": "upon it, and so have rendered herself invisible.", "9fxedHs9164-00452-00193608-00193708": "But we have got the young witch safe.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00453-00193708-00193808": "\"Yeigh, squoire!\" responded Sparshot, who had seized hold of Nance—\"hoo be safe enough.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00454-00193808-00193908": "\"Nan Redferne is no witch,\" said Richard Assheton, authoritatively.", "9fxedHs9164-00455-00193908-00194008": "\"Neaw witch, Mester Ruchot!\" cried the beadle in amazement.", "9fxedHs9164-00456-00194008-00194108": "\"No more than any of these lasses around us,\" said Richard.", "9fxedHs9164-00457-00194108-00194208": "\"Release her, Sparshot.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00458-00194208-00194308": "\"I forbid him to do so, till she has been examined,\" cried a sharp voice.", "9fxedHs9164-00459-00194308-00194408": "And the next moment Master Potts was seen pushing his way through the crowd.", "9fxedHs9164-00460-00194408-00194508": "\"So you have found a witch, my masters.", "9fxedHs9164-00461-00194508-00194608": "I heard your shouts, and hurried on as fast as I could.", "9fxedHs9164-00462-00194608-00194708": "Just in time, Master Nicholas—just in time,\" he added, rubbing his hands gleefully.", "9fxedHs9164-00463-00194708-00194808": "\"Lemme go, Simon,\" besought Nance.", "9fxedHs9164-00464-00194808-00194908": "\"Neaw, neaw, lass, that munnot be,\" rejoined Sparshot.", "9fxedHs9164-00465-00194908-00195008": "\"Help—save me, Master Richard!\" cried the young woman.", "9fxedHs9164-00466-00195008-00195108": "By this time the crowd had gathered round her, yelling, hooting, and shaking their hands", "9fxedHs9164-00467-00195108-00195208": "at her, as if about to tear her in pieces; but Richard Assheton planted himself resolutely", "9fxedHs9164-00468-00195208-00195308": "before her, and pushed back the foremost of them.", "9fxedHs9164-00469-00195308-00195408": "\"Remove her instantly to the Abbey, Sparshot,\" he cried, \"and let her be kept in safe custody", "9fxedHs9164-00470-00195408-00195508": "till Sir Ralph has time to examine her.", "9fxedHs9164-00471-00195508-00195608": "Will that content you, masters?\"", "9fxedHs9164-00472-00195608-00195708": "\"Neaw—neaw,\" responded several rough voices; \"swim her!—swim her!\"", "9fxedHs9164-00473-00195708-00195808": "\"Quite right, my worthy friends, quite right,\" said Potts.", "9fxedHs9164-00474-00195808-00195908": "\"Primo, let us make sure she is a witch—secundo, let us take her to the Abbey.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00475-00195908-00196008": "\"There can be no doubt as to her being a witch, Master Potts,\" rejoined Nicholas; \"her old", "9fxedHs9164-00476-00196008-00196108": "grand-dame, Mother Chattox, has just vanished from our sight.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00477-00196108-00196208": "\"Has Mother Chattox been here?\"", "9fxedHs9164-00478-00196208-00196308": "cried Potts, opening his round eyes to their widest extent.", "9fxedHs9164-00479-00196308-00196408": "\"Not many minutes since,\" replied Nicholas.", "9fxedHs9164-00480-00196408-00196508": "\"In fact, she may be here still for aught I know.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00481-00196508-00196608": "\"Here!—where?\"", "9fxedHs9164-00482-00196608-00196708": "cried Potts, looking round.", "9fxedHs9164-00483-00196708-00196808": "\"You won't discover her for all your quickness,\" replied Nicholas.", "9fxedHs9164-00484-00196808-00196908": "\"She has rendered herself invisible, by reciting the magical verses inscribed on that cross.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00485-00196908-00197008": "\"Indeed!\" exclaimed the attorney, closely examining the mysterious inscriptions.", "9fxedHs9164-00486-00197008-00197108": "\"What strange, uncouth characters!", "9fxedHs9164-00487-00197108-00197208": "I can make neither head nor tail, unless it be the devil's tail, of them.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00488-00197208-00197308": "At this moment a whoop was raised by Jem Device, who, having taken his little sister home,", "9fxedHs9164-00489-00197308-00197408": "had returned to the sports on the green, and now formed part of the assemblage in the churchyard.", "9fxedHs9164-00490-00197408-00197508": "Between the rival witch potentates, Mothers Demdike and Chattox, it has already been said", "9fxedHs9164-00491-00197508-00197608": "a deadly enmity existed, and the feud was carried on with equal animosity by their descendants;", "9fxedHs9164-00492-00197608-00197708": "and though Jem himself came under the same suspicion as Nan Redferne, that circumstance", "9fxedHs9164-00493-00197708-00197808": "created no tie of interest between them, but the contrary, and he was the most active of", "9fxedHs9164-00494-00197808-00197908": "her assailants.", "9fxedHs9164-00495-00197908-00198008": "He had set up the above-mentioned cry from observing a large rat running along the side", "9fxedHs9164-00496-00198008-00198108": "of the wall.", "9fxedHs9164-00497-00198108-00198208": "\"Theere hoo goes,\" whooped Jem, \"t'owd witch, i' th' shape ov a rotten!—loo-loo-loo!\"", "9fxedHs9164-00498-00198208-00198308": "Half the crowd started in pursuit of the animal, and twenty sticks were thrown at it, but a", "9fxedHs9164-00499-00198308-00198408": "stone cast by Jem stayed its progress, and it was instantly despatched.", "9fxedHs9164-00500-00198408-00198508": "It did not change, however, as was expected by the credulous hinds, into an old woman,", "9fxedHs9164-00501-00198508-00198608": "and they gave vent to their disappointment and rage in renewed threats against Nan Redferne.", "9fxedHs9164-00502-00198608-00198708": "The dead rat was hurled at her by Jem, but missing its mark, it hit Master Potts on the", "9fxedHs9164-00503-00198708-00198808": "head, and nearly knocked him off the cross, upon which he had mounted to obtain a better", "9fxedHs9164-00504-00198808-00198908": "view of the proceedings.", "9fxedHs9164-00505-00198908-00199008": "Irritated by this circumstance, as well as by the failure of the experiment, the little", "9fxedHs9164-00506-00199008-00199108": "attorney jumped down and fell to kicking the unfortunate rat, after which, his fury being", "9fxedHs9164-00507-00199108-00199208": "somewhat appeased, he turned to Nance, who had sunk for support against the pedestal,", "9fxedHs9164-00508-00199208-00199308": "and said to her—\"If you will tell us what has become of the old witch your grandmother,", "9fxedHs9164-00509-00199308-00199408": "and undertake to bear witness against her, you shall be set free.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00510-00199408-00199508": "\"Ey'n tell ye nowt, mon,\" replied Nance, doggedly.", "9fxedHs9164-00511-00199508-00199608": "\"Put me to onny trial ye like, ye shanna get a word fro me.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00512-00199608-00199708": "\"That remains to be seen,\" retorted Potts, \"but I apprehend we shall make you speak,", "9fxedHs9164-00513-00199708-00199808": "and pretty plainly too, before we've done with you.—You hear what this perverse and", "9fxedHs9164-00514-00199808-00199908": "wrong-headed young witch declares, masters,\" he shouted, again clambering upon the cross.", "9fxedHs9164-00515-00199908-00200008": "\"I have offered her liberty, on condition of disclosing to us the manner of her diabolical", "9fxedHs9164-00516-00200008-00200108": "old relative's evasion, and she rejects it.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00517-00200108-00200208": "An angry roar followed, mixed with cries from Jem Device, of \"swim her!—swim her!\"", "9fxedHs9164-00518-00200208-00200308": "\"You had better tell them what you know, Nance,\" said Richard, in a low tone, \"or I shall have", "9fxedHs9164-00519-00200308-00200408": "difficulty in preserving you from their fury.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00520-00200408-00200508": "\"Ey darena, Master Richard,\" she replied, shaking her head; and then she added firmly,", "9fxedHs9164-00521-00200508-00200608": "\"Ey winna.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00522-00200608-00200708": "Finding it useless to reason with her, and fearing also that the infuriated crowd might", "9fxedHs9164-00523-00200708-00200808": "attempt to put their threats into execution, Richard turned to his cousin Nicholas, and", "9fxedHs9164-00524-00200808-00200908": "said: \"We must get her away, or violence will be done.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00525-00200908-00201008": "\"She does not deserve your compassion, Dick,\" replied Nicholas; \"she is only a few degrees", "9fxedHs9164-00526-00201008-00201108": "better than the old hag who has escaped.", "9fxedHs9164-00527-00201108-00201208": "Sparshot here tells me she is noted for her skill in modelling clay figures.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00528-00201208-00201308": "\"Yeigh, that hoo be,\" replied the broad-faced beadle; \"hoo's unaccountable cliver ot that", "9fxedHs9164-00529-00201308-00201408": "sort o' wark.", "9fxedHs9164-00530-00201408-00201508": "A clay figger os big os a six months' barn, fashiont i' th' likeness o' Farmer Grimble", "9fxedHs9164-00531-00201508-00201608": "o' Briercliffe lawnd, os died last month, war seen i' her cottage, an monny others besoide.", "9fxedHs9164-00532-00201608-00201708": "Amongst 'em a moddle o' your lamented brother, Squoire Ruchot Assheton o' Downham, wi' t'", "9fxedHs9164-00533-00201708-00201808": "yeod pood off, and th' 'eart pieret thro' an' thro' wi' pins and needles.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00534-00201808-00201908": "\"Ye lien i' your teeth, Simon Sparshot!\" cried Nance; regarding him furiously.", "9fxedHs9164-00535-00201908-00202008": "\"If the head were off, Simon, I don't see how the likeness to my poor brother could", "9fxedHs9164-00536-00202008-00202108": "well be recognised,\" said Nicholas, with a half smile.", "9fxedHs9164-00537-00202108-00202208": "\"But let her be put to some mild trial—weighed against the church Bible.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00538-00202208-00202308": "\"Be it so,\" replied Potts, jumping down; \"but if that fail, we must have recourse to stronger", "9fxedHs9164-00539-00202308-00202408": "measures.", "9fxedHs9164-00540-00202408-00202508": "Take notice that, with all her fright, she has not been able to shed a tear, not a single", "9fxedHs9164-00541-00202508-00202608": "tear—a clear witch—a clear witch!\"", "9fxedHs9164-00542-00202608-00202708": "\"Ey'd scorn to weep fo t' like o' yo!\" cried Nance, disdainfully, having now completely", "9fxedHs9164-00543-00202708-00202808": "recovered her natural audacity.", "9fxedHs9164-00544-00202808-00202908": "\"We'll soon break your spirit, young woman, I can promise you,\" rejoined Potts.", "9fxedHs9164-00545-00202908-00203008": "As soon as it was known what was about to occur, the whole crowd moved towards the church", "9fxedHs9164-00546-00203008-00203108": "porch, Nan Redferne walking between Richard Assheton and the beadle, who kept hold of", "9fxedHs9164-00547-00203108-00203208": "her arm to prevent any attempt at escape; and by the time they reached the appointed", "9fxedHs9164-00548-00203208-00203308": "place, Ben Baggiley, the baker, who had been despatched for the purpose, appeared with", "9fxedHs9164-00549-00203308-00203408": "an enormous pair of wooden scales, while Sampson Harrop, the clerk, having visited the pulpit,", "9fxedHs9164-00550-00203408-00203508": "came forth with the church Bible, an immense volume, bound in black, with great silver", "9fxedHs9164-00551-00203508-00203608": "clasps.", "9fxedHs9164-00552-00203608-00203708": "\"Come, that's a good big Bible at all events,\" cried Potts, eyeing it with satisfaction.", "9fxedHs9164-00553-00203708-00203808": "\"It looks like my honourable and singular good Lord Chief-Justice Sir Edward Coke's", "9fxedHs9164-00554-00203808-00203908": "learned 'Institutes of the Laws of England,' only that that great legal tome is generally", "9fxedHs9164-00555-00203908-00204008": "bound in calf—law calf, as we say.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00556-00204008-00204108": "\"Large as the book is, it will scarce prove heavy enough to weigh down the witch, I opine,\"", "9fxedHs9164-00557-00204108-00204208": "observed Nicholas, with a smile.", "9fxedHs9164-00558-00204208-00204308": "\"We shall see, sir,\" replied Potts.", "9fxedHs9164-00559-00204308-00204408": "\"We shall see.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00560-00204408-00204508": "By this time, the scales having been affixed to a hook in the porch by Baggiley, the sacred", "9fxedHs9164-00561-00204508-00204608": "volume was placed on one side, and Nance set down by the beadle on the other.", "9fxedHs9164-00562-00204608-00204708": "The result of the experiment was precisely what might have been anticipated—the moment", "9fxedHs9164-00563-00204708-00204808": "the young woman took her place in the balance, it sank down to the ground, while the other", "9fxedHs9164-00564-00204808-00204908": "kicked the beam.", "9fxedHs9164-00565-00204908-00205008": "\"I hope you are satisfied now, Master Potts,\" cried Richard Assheton.", "9fxedHs9164-00566-00205008-00205108": "\"By your own trial her innocence is approved.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00567-00205108-00205208": "\"Your pardon, Master Richard, this is Squire Nicholas's trial, not mine,\" replied Potts.", "9fxedHs9164-00568-00205208-00205308": "\"I am for the ordeal of swimming.", "9fxedHs9164-00569-00205308-00205408": "How say you, masters!", "9fxedHs9164-00570-00205408-00205508": "Shall we be content with this doubtful experiment?\"", "9fxedHs9164-00571-00205508-00205608": "\"Neaw—neaw,\" responded Jem Device, who acted as spokesman to the crowd, \"swim her—swim", "9fxedHs9164-00572-00205608-00205708": "her!\"", "9fxedHs9164-00573-00205708-00205808": "\"I knew you would have it so,\" said Potts, approvingly.", "9fxedHs9164-00574-00205808-00205908": "\"Where is a fitting place for the trial?\"", "9fxedHs9164-00575-00205908-00206008": "\"Th' Abbey pool is nah fur off,\" replied Jem, \"or ye con tay her to th' Calder.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00576-00206008-00206108": "\"The river, by all means—nothing like a running stream,\" said Potts.", "9fxedHs9164-00577-00206108-00206208": "\"Let cords be procured to bind her.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00578-00206208-00206308": "\"Run fo 'em quickly, Ben,\" said Jem to Baggiley, who was very zealous in the cause.", "9fxedHs9164-00579-00206308-00206408": "\"Oh!\"", "9fxedHs9164-00580-00206408-00206508": "groaned Nance, again losing courage, and glancing piteously at Richard.", "9fxedHs9164-00581-00206508-00206608": "\"No outrage like this shall be perpetrated,\" cried the young man, firmly; \"I call upon", "9fxedHs9164-00582-00206608-00206708": "you, cousin Nicholas, to help me.", "9fxedHs9164-00583-00206708-00206808": "Go into the church,\" he added, thrusting Nance backward, and presenting his sword at the", "9fxedHs9164-00584-00206808-00206908": "breast of Jem Device, who attempted to follow her, and who retired muttering threats and", "9fxedHs9164-00585-00206908-00207008": "curses; \"I will run the first man through the body who attempts to pass.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00586-00207008-00207108": "As Nan Redferne made good her retreat, and shut the church-door after her, Master Potts,", "9fxedHs9164-00587-00207108-00207208": "pale with rage, cried out to Richard, \"You have aided the escape of a desperate and notorious", "9fxedHs9164-00588-00207208-00207308": "offender—actually in custody, sir, and have rendered yourself liable to indictment for", "9fxedHs9164-00589-00207308-00207408": "it, sir, with consequences of fine and imprisonment, sir:—heavy fine and long imprisonment, sir.", "9fxedHs9164-00590-00207408-00207508": "Do you mark me, Master Richard?\"", "9fxedHs9164-00591-00207508-00207608": "\"I will answer the consequences of my act to those empowered to question it, sir,\" replied", "9fxedHs9164-00592-00207608-00207708": "Richard, sternly.", "9fxedHs9164-00593-00207708-00207808": "\"Well, sir, I have given you notice,\" rejoined Potts, \"due notice.", "9fxedHs9164-00594-00207808-00207908": "We shall hear what Sir Ralph will say to the matter, and Master Roger Nowell, and—\"", "9fxedHs9164-00595-00207908-00208008": "\"You forget me, good Master Potts,\" interrupted Nicholas, laughingly; \"I entirely disapprove", "9fxedHs9164-00596-00208008-00208108": "of it.", "9fxedHs9164-00597-00208108-00208208": "It is a most flagrant breach of duty.", "9fxedHs9164-00598-00208208-00208308": "Nevertheless, I am glad the poor wench has got off.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00599-00208308-00208408": "\"She is safe within the church,\" said Potts, \"and I command Master Richard, in the king's", "9fxedHs9164-00600-00208408-00208508": "name, to let us pass.", "9fxedHs9164-00601-00208508-00208608": "Beadle!", "9fxedHs9164-00602-00208608-00208708": "Sharpshot, Sparshot, or whatever be your confounded name do your duty, sirrah.", "9fxedHs9164-00603-00208708-00208808": "Enter the church, and bring forth the witch.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00604-00208808-00208908": "\"Ey darna, mester,\" replied Simon; \"young mester Ruchot ud slit mey weasand os soon", "9fxedHs9164-00605-00208908-00209008": "os look ot meh.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00606-00209008-00209108": "Richard put an end to further altercation, by stepping back quickly, locking the door,", "9fxedHs9164-00607-00209108-00209208": "and then taking out the key, and putting it into his pocket.", "9fxedHs9164-00608-00209208-00209308": "\"She is quite safe now,\" he cried, with a smile at the discomfited lawyer.", "9fxedHs9164-00609-00209308-00209408": "\"Is there no other door?\"", "9fxedHs9164-00610-00209408-00209508": "inquired Potts of the beadle, in a low tone.", "9fxedHs9164-00611-00209508-00209608": "\"Yeigh, theere be one ot t'other soide,\" replied Sparshot, \"boh it be locked, ey reckon, an", "9fxedHs9164-00612-00209608-00209708": "maybe hoo'n getten out that way.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00613-00209708-00209808": "\"Quick, quick, and let's see,\" cried Potts; \"justice must not be thwarted in this shameful", "9fxedHs9164-00614-00209808-00209908": "manner.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00615-00209908-00210008": "While the greater part of the crowd set off after Potts and the beadle, Richard Assheton,", "9fxedHs9164-00616-00210008-00210108": "anxious to know what had become of the fugitive, and determined not to abandon her while any", "9fxedHs9164-00617-00210108-00210208": "danger existed, unlocked the church-door, and entered the holy structure, followed by", "9fxedHs9164-00618-00210208-00210308": "Nicholas.", "9fxedHs9164-00619-00210308-00210408": "On looking around, Nance was nowhere to be seen, neither did she answer to his repeated", "9fxedHs9164-00620-00210408-00210508": "calls, and Richard concluded she must have escaped, when all at once a loud exulting", "9fxedHs9164-00621-00210508-00210608": "shout was heard without, leaving no doubt that the poor young woman had again fallen", "9fxedHs9164-00622-00210608-00210708": "into the hands of her captors.", "9fxedHs9164-00623-00210708-00210808": "The next moment a sharp, piercing scream in a female key confirmed the supposition.", "9fxedHs9164-00624-00210808-00210908": "On hearing this cry, Richard instantly flew to the opposite door, through which Nance", "9fxedHs9164-00625-00210908-00211008": "must have passed, but on trying it he found it fastened outside; and filled with sudden", "9fxedHs9164-00626-00211008-00211108": "misgiving, for he now recollected leaving the key in the other door, he called to Nicholas", "9fxedHs9164-00627-00211108-00211208": "to come with him, and hurried back to it.", "9fxedHs9164-00628-00211208-00211308": "His apprehensions were verified; the door was locked.", "9fxedHs9164-00629-00211308-00211408": "At first Nicholas was inclined to laugh at the trick played them; but a single look from", "9fxedHs9164-00630-00211408-00211508": "Richard checked his tendency to merriment, and he followed his young relative, who had", "9fxedHs9164-00631-00211508-00211608": "sprung to a window looking upon that part of the churchyard whence the shouts came,", "9fxedHs9164-00632-00211608-00211708": "and flung it open.", "9fxedHs9164-00633-00211708-00211808": "Richard's egress, however, was prevented by an iron bar, and he called out loudly and", "9fxedHs9164-00634-00211808-00211908": "fiercely to the beadle, whom he saw standing in the midst of the crowd, to unlock the door.", "9fxedHs9164-00635-00211908-00212008": "\"Have a little patience, good Master Richard,\" replied Potts, turning up his provoking little", "9fxedHs9164-00636-00212008-00212108": "visage, now charged with triumphant malice.", "9fxedHs9164-00637-00212108-00212208": "\"You shall come out presently.", "9fxedHs9164-00638-00212208-00212308": "We are busy just now—engaged in binding the witch, as you see.", "9fxedHs9164-00639-00212308-00212408": "Both keys are safely in my pocket, and I will send you one of them when we start for the", "9fxedHs9164-00640-00212408-00212508": "river, good Master Richard.", "9fxedHs9164-00641-00212508-00212608": "We lawyers are not to be overreached you see—ha! ha!\"", "9fxedHs9164-00642-00212608-00212708": "\"You shall repent this conduct when I do get out,\" cried Richard, furiously.", "9fxedHs9164-00643-00212708-00212808": "\"Sparshot, I command you to bring the key instantly.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00644-00212808-00212908": "But, encouraged by the attorney, the beadle affected not to hear Richard's angry vociferations,", "9fxedHs9164-00645-00212908-00213008": "and the others were unable to aid the young man, if they had been so disposed, and all", "9fxedHs9164-00646-00213008-00213108": "were too much interested in what was going forward to run off to the vicarage, and acquaint", "9fxedHs9164-00647-00213108-00213208": "Sir Ralph with the circumstances in which his relatives were placed, even though enjoined", "9fxedHs9164-00648-00213208-00213308": "to do so.", "9fxedHs9164-00649-00213308-00213408": "On being set free by Richard, Nance had flown quickly through the church, and passed out", "9fxedHs9164-00650-00213408-00213508": "at the side door, and was making good her retreat at the back of the edifice, when her", "9fxedHs9164-00651-00213508-00213608": "flying figure was descried by Jem Device, who, failing in his first attempt, had run", "9fxedHs9164-00652-00213608-00213708": "round that way, fancying he should catch her.", "9fxedHs9164-00653-00213708-00213808": "He instantly dashed after her with all the fury of a bloodhound, and, being possessed", "9fxedHs9164-00654-00213808-00213908": "of remarkable activity, speedily overtook her, and, heedless of her threats and entreaties,", "9fxedHs9164-00655-00213908-00214008": "secured her.", "9fxedHs9164-00656-00214008-00214108": "\"Lemme go, Jem,\" she cried, \"an ey win do thee a good turn one o' these days, when theaw", "9fxedHs9164-00657-00214108-00214208": "may chonce to be i' th' same strait os me.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00658-00214208-00214308": "But seeing him inexorable, she added, \"My granddame shan rack thy boans sorely, lad,", "9fxedHs9164-00659-00214308-00214408": "for this.\"", "9fxedHs9164-00660-00214408-00214508": "Jem replied by a coarse laugh of defiance, and, dragging her along, delivered her to", "9fxedHs9164-00661-00214508-00214608": "Master Potts and the beadle, who were then hurrying to the other door of the church.", "9fxedHs9164-00662-00214608-00214708": "To prevent interruption, the cunning attorney, having ascertained that the two Asshetons", "9fxedHs9164-00663-00214708-00214808": "were inside, instantly gave orders to have both doors locked, and the injunctions being", "9fxedHs9164-00664-00214808-00214908": "promptly obeyed, he took possession of the keys himself, chuckling at the success of", "9fxedHs9164-00665-00214908-00215008": "the stratagem.", "9fxedHs9164-00666-00215008-00215108": "\"A fair reprisal,\" he muttered; \"this young milksop shall find he is no match for a skilful", "9fxedHs9164-00667-00215108-00215208": "lawyer like me.", "9fxedHs9164-00668-00215208-00215308": "Now, the cords—the cords!\"", "9fxedHs9164-00669-00215308-00215408": "It was at the sight of the bonds, which were quickly brought by Baggiley, that Nance uttered", "9fxedHs9164-00670-00215408-00215508": "the piercing cry that had roused Richard's indignation.", "9fxedHs9164-00671-00215508-00215608": "Feeling secure of his prisoner, and now no longer apprehensive of interruption, Master", "9fxedHs9164-00672-00215608-00215708": "Potts was in no hurry to conclude the arrangements, but rather prolonged them to exasperate Richard.", "9fxedHs9164-00673-00215708-00215808": "Little consideration was shown the unfortunate captive.", "9fxedHs9164-00674-00215808-00215908": "The new shoes and stockings of which she had been so vain a short time before, were torn", "9fxedHs9164-00675-00215908-00216008": "from her feet and limbs by the rude hands of the remorseless Jem and the beadle, and", "9fxedHs9164-00676-00216008-00216108": "bent down by the main force of these two strong men, her thumbs and great toes were tightly", "9fxedHs9164-00677-00216108-00216208": "bound together, crosswise, by the cords.", "9fxedHs9164-00678-00216208-00216308": "The churchyard rang with her shrieks, and, with his blood boiling with indignation at", "9fxedHs9164-00679-00216308-00216408": "the sight, Richard redoubled his exertions to burst through the window and fly to her", "9fxedHs9164-00680-00216408-00216508": "assistance.", "9fxedHs9164-00681-00216508-00216608": "But though Nicholas now lent his powerful aid to the task, their combined efforts to", "9fxedHs9164-00682-00216608-00216708": "obtain liberation were unavailing; and with rage almost amounting to frenzy, Richard beheld", "9fxedHs9164-00683-00216708-00216808": "the poor young woman borne shrieking away by her captors.", "9fxedHs9164-00684-00216808-00216908": "Nor was Nicholas much less incensed, and he swore a deep oath when he did get at liberty", "9fxedHs9164-00685-00216908-00216909": "that Master Potts should pay dearly for his rascally conduct."}}, {"audio_id": "9fzgKQAnakk", "text": {"9fzgKQAnakk-00000-00000000-00002862": "Download at www.SirRahmalBeats.com"}}, {"audio_id": "9f-LFgyf9Gc", "text": {"9f-LFgyf9Gc-00000-00000083-00000234": "WELCOME TO ALL HANDS UPDATE.", "9f-LFgyf9Gc-00001-00000234-00000572": "THESE ARE YOUR HEADLINES FROM AROUND THE FLEET.", "9f-LFgyf9Gc-00002-00000572-00001137": "THE NAVY ISSUED A NEW ENERGY POLICY THAT DRIVES CONSUMPTION REDUCTION AT ALL NAVY INSTALLATIONS,", "9f-LFgyf9Gc-00003-00001137-00001693": "TRANSFORMS THE SHORE ENERGY CULTURE AND SEEKS NEW OR EXISTING TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS FOR REDUCING", "9f-LFgyf9Gc-00004-00001693-00001793": "ENERGY.", "9f-LFgyf9Gc-00005-00001793-00002358": "TO SEE THE COMPLETE INSTRUCTION, VISIT GREENFLEET.DODLIVE.MIL", "9f-LFgyf9Gc-00006-00002358-00002859": "THE AIRCRAFT CARRIER USS ABRAHAM LINCOLN AND CARRIER AIRWING TWO COMPLETED THEIR FINAL", "9f-LFgyf9Gc-00007-00002859-00003325": "COMBAT FLIGHT,JULY 9TH, IN SUPPORT OF OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM.", "9f-LFgyf9Gc-00008-00003325-00003840": "CARRIER AIRWING TWO HAS FLOWN MORE THAN 22 HUNDRED SORTIES IN EXCESS OF 13,000 FLIGHT", "9f-LFgyf9Gc-00009-00003840-00004295": "HOURS WITH A 100 PERCENT COMPLETION RATE, SINCE FEBRUARY.", "9f-LFgyf9Gc-00010-00004295-00004572": "YOU CAN READ MORE ABOUT THESE STORIES AT NAVY.MIL.", "9f-LFgyf9Gc-00011-00004572-00004821": "FOR ALL HANDS UPDATE, I'M PETTY OFFICER ASHLEY HEDRICK"}}, {"audio_id": "9fEYato-hHI", "text": {"9fEYato-hHI-00000-00000080-00001592": "hey youtube here with her solo debut performance of her new single la lisa it's lisa"}}, {"audio_id": "9g2_gmOi7Vu", "text": {"9g2_gmOi7Vu-00000-00000054-00000249": "Hello, everybody, in this video, I'm going to show", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00001-00000249-00000573": "you how to send an item to another teacher in", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00002-00000573-00000876": "Canvas that they can then import into their own", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00003-00000876-00001236": "Canvas course. So the first step to send something", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00004-00001275-00001689": "is go into Canvas and click on one of your courses", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00005-00001689-00002037": "where you're the teacher. You can go into any", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00006-00002037-00002331": "category on the left. For this demonstration. I'm", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00007-00002331-00002628": "going to use Quizzes, but just know that you can", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00008-00002628-00003078": "send something from any of your modules. You can", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00009-00003078-00003474": "send an entire module using this feature as well.", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00010-00003534-00003834": "But I'll just do an individual quiz. So I could", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00011-00003834-00004161": "send it from my module by clicking the three dots", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00012-00004161-00004611": "to the right of the item and selecting Send To.", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00013-00004686-00004959": "But if you're not using modules, you would just go", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00014-00004959-00005427": "into the area of the item. So in this case, I'm", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00015-00005427-00005730": "going to send the Chapter One Quiz. So I'm going", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00016-00005730-00005961": "to go all the way to the right of the Chapter One", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00017-00005961-00006396": "Quiz and click on the three dots, then select Send", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00018-00006396-00006918": "To. And here is where you're going to type the", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00019-00006920-00007254": "email address or the user name of the teacher you", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00020-00007254-00007665": "want to send it to. So just click in the text box", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00021-00007665-00007920": "and you can either paste in the email or just", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00022-00007920-00008355": "start to type it and you'll see the user profile", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00023-00008355-00008817": "pop up. Once you've entered that in, you can click", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00024-00008817-00009387": "on that profile and then just click send. And then", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00025-00009387-00009840": "it says Content share started successfully. So as", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00026-00009840-00010101": "the teacher sending the item, my work's done at", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00027-00010101-00010344": "this point, I'm going to show you what it looks", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00028-00010344-00010764": "like on the other end. So here I am in the", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00029-00010764-00011196": "receiving end. And after about a minute, you can", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00030-00011196-00011544": "see there's a little number one above my account", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00031-00011571-00011868": "profile picture here. So I'm going to go ahead and", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00032-00011868-00012267": "click on that and see what that is. And then once", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00033-00012267-00012588": "this side menu pops up, I can see that I now have", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00034-00012588-00012897": "shared content with a little number one next to it.", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00035-00012944-00013241": "I'm going to click on shared content. And here it", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00036-00013241-00013590": "is. I got a nice little gift icon. It shows me the", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00037-00013590-00013968": "name of the thing that was sent to me, what it is,", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00038-00013968-00014472": "the quiz, who it's from, and when I received it. So", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00039-00014472-00014826": "now what I can do is go to the actions area, click", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00040-00014826-00015360": "the three dots and I can select import. And now", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00041-00015360-00015621": "I'm going to choose which class I want to import", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00042-00015621-00015969": "this quiz to so you can either start typing the", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00043-00015969-00016257": "name of the class or if you have the down arrow,", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00044-00016278-00016545": "you can click that and then just scroll down and", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00045-00016545-00016845": "pick whichever course you want to import that", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00046-00016845-00017343": "content into. Once you've picked the course, it's", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00047-00017343-00017637": "giving me the option to actually import it directly", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00048-00017637-00018000": "into a module, which is really cool. So if I", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00049-00018000-00018351": "wanted to put this in module one, I could do that", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00050-00018351-00018588": "right here, or it could just simply import it", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00051-00018612-00019023": "straight to my quizzes. And it even lets me choose", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00052-00019023-00019347": "where I want to place the quiz in the module. I'm", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00053-00019347-00019611": "not going to go that far, but I think you get the", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00054-00019611-00019869": "picture. The next step is just click the blue", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00055-00019869-00020298": "Import button. And that's all I had to do to", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00056-00020298-00020664": "receive an item from another instructor and import", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00057-00020664-00021023": "it into one of my Canvas classes. That's it.", "9g2_gmOi7Vu-00058-00021024-00021123": "Thanks for watching."}}, {"audio_id": "9gAnZnYfy1U", "text": {"9gAnZnYfy1U-00000-00000000-00000200": "šußšςrïßε ﾚïκε šhαrε"}}, {"audio_id": "9ge_QTljBOQ", "text": {"9ge_QTljBOQ-00000-00000000-00000160": "How do I say this?", "9ge_QTljBOQ-00001-00000260-00000407": "Gluten-free bugs me.", "9ge_QTljBOQ-00002-00000407-00000567": "A lot. But today, on my way", "9ge_QTljBOQ-00003-00000567-00000974": "to go get bagels for World Down Syndrome Day for my kid’s class.", "9ge_QTljBOQ-00004-00000974-00001087": "Two stops.", "9ge_QTljBOQ-00005-00001087-00001327": "One at the bagel shop to get 24 regular bagels", "9ge_QTljBOQ-00006-00001327-00001688": "and then at the grocery store to get a sleeve of gluten-free bagels.", "9ge_QTljBOQ-00007-00001688-00002062": "It hit me why we have to have a day to celebrate inclusion!", "9ge_QTljBOQ-00008-00002065-00002402": "Of course, it's a little extra effort to  accommodate people who have", "9ge_QTljBOQ-00009-00002402-00002622": "different needs. But I'm thinking about like", "9ge_QTljBOQ-00010-00002622-00002906": "when I'm at a pizza party and there's no dairy-free", "9ge_QTljBOQ-00011-00002906-00003053": "pizza there, and I get a little sad.", "9ge_QTljBOQ-00012-00003053-00003146": "A lot of sad.", "9ge_QTljBOQ-00013-00003146-00003333": "Or on the opposite end, when there is pizza", "9ge_QTljBOQ-00014-00003333-00003603": "that I can eat at a pizza party, I feel so loved.", "9ge_QTljBOQ-00015-00003603-00003783": "I can't help that I'm lactose intolerant.", "9ge_QTljBOQ-00016-00003783-00003960": "She can't help that she has celiac.", "9ge_QTljBOQ-00017-00003960-00004067": "And yeah,", "9ge_QTljBOQ-00018-00004067-00004537": "you can't help to be a little bit annoyed when you have to work to be inclusive,", "9ge_QTljBOQ-00019-00004654-00004978": "until you think about what it's like to be excluded."}}, {"audio_id": "9gRemG5hNjU", "text": {"9gRemG5hNjU-00000-00000000-00000291": "[Captions by Y Translator] We're talking about being grateful, right?", "9gRemG5hNjU-00001-00000292-00000400": "So today,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00002-00000400-00000717": "Eve's going to make a video using her old toys.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00003-00000718-00001072": "I'm really nervous to do the same meow.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00004-00001116-00001434": "Eve, you've done a marvelous job of earning that toy,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00005-00001434-00001655": "and you only have a few more weeks,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00006-00001655-00001810": "before you get it.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00007-00001810-00002078": "I can film it.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00008-00002078-00002138": "That's right.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00009-00002138-00002562": "My vlogs are a work of love and...", "9gRemG5hNjU-00010-00002562-00002858": "And my heart is really in it,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00011-00002858-00003094": "and I just--", "9gRemG5hNjU-00012-00003094-00003252": "I just need you to know that.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00013-00004724-00005046": "I wanna play.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00014-00005218-00005344": "No. No.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00015-00005502-00005734": "Evie, rough tumbling is just for the boys.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00016-00005734-00005796": "Come on.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00017-00005890-00005998": "Move out of the way, Eve.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00018-00006216-00006388": "She smiles.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00019-00006628-00006728": "There we go.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00020-00007208-00007323": "Good job.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00021-00007948-00008045": "Good job.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00022-00008900-00009164": "Eve and I decided that we were going to make wheat bread.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00023-00009166-00009414": "I haven't made wheat bread in a very long time.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00024-00009444-00009530": "I usually make...", "9gRemG5hNjU-00025-00009530-00009887": "Well, I have been making white lately, but we're going to do wheat bread,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00026-00009956-00010270": "and because we're talking about being grateful, right?", "9gRemG5hNjU-00027-00010330-00010564": "We had an experience today at the grocery store,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00028-00010564-00011010": "and Eve got to see all these new toys", "9gRemG5hNjU-00029-00011010-00011080": "that she really wanted.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00030-00011080-00011308": "It wasn't my intention that we walked past those aisles,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00031-00011308-00011388": "but we did,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00032-00011438-00011770": "and you went home very sad because you didn't get them, right?", "9gRemG5hNjU-00033-00011770-00012214": "And then, I was happy because the next day,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00034-00012214-00012494": "we can get new toys and do a video about them,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00035-00012494-00012744": "and I can do whatever I want with them.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00036-00012792-00013047": "What she means is I told her we need to be grateful", "9gRemG5hNjU-00037-00013054-00013169": "for what we have,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00038-00013169-00013341": "and when we got out to the car, she said,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00039-00013341-00013706": "\"Mom, you know those videos where people have toys,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00040-00013706-00013985": "and they play with the toys on YouTube,\"", "9gRemG5hNjU-00041-00013985-00014065": "and I said,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00042-00014065-00014290": "\"Yes, I'm very much aware of those videos.\"", "9gRemG5hNjU-00043-00014290-00014428": "She said, what?", "9gRemG5hNjU-00044-00014428-00014684": "I said I wanted to be one of those.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00045-00014726-00015197": "And I said, I'm not going to let you have all those new toys,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00046-00015198-00015313": "and make videos,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00047-00015331-00015693": "unless you can make really great videos using...", "9gRemG5hNjU-00048-00015774-00015932": "Our old toys.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00049-00015990-00016069": "So today,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00050-00016069-00016380": "Eve's going to make a video using her old toys.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00051-00016380-00016580": "And then I get new toys,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00052-00016580-00016869": "and then it can do a video about them.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00053-00016940-00017187": "If your video is really cute,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00054-00017187-00017356": "and you do a good job.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00055-00017390-00017584": "And when you're done with the toy,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00056-00017584-00017762": "we're gonna donate it.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00057-00017780-00017862": "No.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00058-00018104-00018208": "I'm gonna do...", "9gRemG5hNjU-00059-00018242-00018496": "I can do whatever I want with it.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00060-00018740-00018820": "We'll see.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00061-00018960-00019104": "I want to keep it.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00062-00019196-00019296": "Depends on what it is,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00063-00019296-00019556": "because I'm not going to buy a whole bunch of new toys just", "9gRemG5hNjU-00064-00019556-00019725": "for some videos for you to make.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00065-00019725-00019970": "But maybe... But we'll start with one.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00066-00020010-00020107": "Yeah.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00067-00020128-00020346": "Okay, can you take the lid off for me?", "9gRemG5hNjU-00068-00020346-00020450": "Can you help me?", "9gRemG5hNjU-00069-00020450-00020614": "It's kind of tough.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00070-00020782-00020850": "There we go.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00071-00020850-00020908": "No.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00072-00021118-00021282": "Feel how warm it is.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00073-00021310-00021574": "That is some warm wheat.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00074-00021726-00021840": "Isn't that fun?", "9gRemG5hNjU-00075-00022298-00022404": "All right Eve.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00076-00022404-00022758": "What I would suggest is that you welcome everybody,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00077-00022758-00022934": "and tell them who you are,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00078-00022950-00023194": "and what you're going to be showing them today.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00079-00023356-00023754": "I was testing out this cute set.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00080-00023754-00024088": "I started to do a thumbnail, and I'm Evie Franke.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00081-00024142-00024480": "We just have to do like a little ghost thing.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00082-00024480-00024664": "She's really frightened.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00083-00025116-00025466": "I'm really nervous to do the same meow.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00084-00025504-00025583": "I know.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00085-00025583-00025861": "But just think about the videos that you like the best.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00086-00025861-00025997": "They're just having fun,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00087-00025998-00026174": "and those make the best videos.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00088-00026256-00026394": "I'll show you inside.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00089-00026677-00026860": "She is a lot of scared", "9gRemG5hNjU-00090-00026860-00027242": "if she sees a lot of people in like a camera.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00091-00027404-00027683": "And if you pet her, she does feel better.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00092-00027683-00028027": "I can see that brown spot right there.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00093-00028027-00028154": "I don't like it.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00094-00028539-00028760": "Thanks for watching this cat video.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00095-00028774-00028856": "Goodbye.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00096-00029022-00029202": "All right, Eve, thank you.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00097-00029202-00029560": "I think we're far away from having our own channel.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00098-00029560-00029718": "What do you guys think?", "9gRemG5hNjU-00099-00029718-00029926": "But I'm glad that Eve likes to play.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00100-00029952-00030032": "Eve, I'm glad", "9gRemG5hNjU-00101-00030032-00030183": "you feel comfortable in front of the camera.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00102-00030272-00030479": "Do you feel comfortable in front of the camera?", "9gRemG5hNjU-00103-00030480-00030798": "No, I really wanna show you the snake so...", "9gRemG5hNjU-00104-00030798-00031016": "And there's a hedgehog in there so...", "9gRemG5hNjU-00105-00031016-00031216": "Okay, let's go look at the snake and the hedgehog.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00106-00031322-00031648": "Careful because they're very scared.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00107-00031686-00031762": "So...", "9gRemG5hNjU-00108-00031895-00032010": "This room...", "9gRemG5hNjU-00109-00032010-00032245": "This room does not even belong in our house.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00110-00032245-00032410": "Like it's always dark,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00111-00032410-00032586": "because the girls leave their curtains closed", "9gRemG5hNjU-00112-00032587-00032925": "so that the animals have dark through the day,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00113-00032925-00033064": "and it smells funny.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00114-00033102-00033314": "If you want the smelliest pet,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00115-00033408-00033904": "the smelliest pet we've ever had has been the hedgehog.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00116-00033904-00034042": "They stink you guys,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00117-00034042-00034286": "and you have to clean their cage everyday.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00118-00034286-00034572": "And also the turtles, they're stinky.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00119-00034586-00034640": "Our turtles?", "9gRemG5hNjU-00120-00034642-00034866": "I've never had a pet turtle before.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00121-00034866-00035154": "Well, turtles are really stinky.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00122-00035154-00035228": "Yeah.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00123-00035228-00035510": "I think the snake's asleep, dear.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00124-00035510-00035710": "I don't see her out playing.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00125-00035766-00036196": "Well, she actually is really sleepy all the time but...", "9gRemG5hNjU-00126-00036196-00036540": "Prickle's spikes are actually really scaredness,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00127-00036540-00036688": "so they move a lot.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00128-00036702-00036768": "Come here.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00129-00036768-00036822": "This way.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00130-00036962-00037144": "I love you with all my heart.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00131-00037348-00037770": "I'm not ready for you to do a toy channel.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00132-00038028-00038162": "After this day,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00133-00038320-00038560": "we'll get new toy after this day,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00134-00038560-00038736": "and we'll vlog.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00135-00038736-00039014": "When you get new toys, you can vlog it.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00136-00039014-00039316": "But I'm not gonna buy a new toy for a channel.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00137-00040232-00040446": "Why can't we get a new toy?", "9gRemG5hNjU-00138-00040526-00040680": "Well, I think you can get a new toy...", "9gRemG5hNjU-00139-00040826-00040994": "if you save up some money, and you...", "9gRemG5hNjU-00140-00040994-00041134": "What about the toy on top of your...", "9gRemG5hNjU-00141-00041136-00041378": "I have a lot of money.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00142-00041408-00041494": "Come here.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00143-00041622-00041754": "Do you remember that toy", "9gRemG5hNjU-00144-00041754-00042066": "that got sent to us in the mail, by a toy company,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00145-00042066-00042290": "and I wrapped it up and I put it on your dresser?", "9gRemG5hNjU-00146-00042290-00042512": "And you're earning it, remember?", "9gRemG5hNjU-00147-00042576-00042798": "Look how clean you've been keeping your room", "9gRemG5hNjU-00148-00042798-00042970": "since you've been trying to earn it.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00149-00043018-00043304": "Eve, you've done a marvelous job of earning that toy,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00150-00043304-00043678": "and you only have a few more weeks", "9gRemG5hNjU-00151-00043678-00043808": "before you get it.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00152-00043922-00044208": "And when you open that new toy, look at me.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00153-00044208-00044342": "When you open it,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00154-00044376-00044611": "I want you to be really excited and vlog it.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00155-00044612-00044834": "I can film it.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00156-00044834-00044902": "That's right.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00157-00044902-00045080": "It's a new toy.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00158-00045080-00045158": "That's right.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00159-00045194-00045254": "All right.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00160-00045254-00045388": "So you keep working hard", "9gRemG5hNjU-00161-00045388-00045614": "in being a good little, little Eve, okay?", "9gRemG5hNjU-00162-00045614-00045866": "I always look at it all the time.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00163-00045866-00046112": "I know, and you're working so hard.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00164-00046126-00046206": "You guys,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00165-00046206-00046596": "one of the reasons, I have tried to keep my vlogs", "9gRemG5hNjU-00166-00046596-00046818": "as real as possible,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00167-00046818-00047178": "and it is really taken a conscious effort on my part.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00168-00047178-00047338": "And I know that we've done fun things.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00169-00047338-00047493": "There have been occasions where I'm like...", "9gRemG5hNjU-00170-00047566-00047834": "You guys this line would make a really great intro like,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00171-00047844-00047950": "\"Will you say this line?\"", "9gRemG5hNjU-00172-00047950-00048220": "And I'll give my kids like one line to say or something,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00173-00048220-00048336": "and that's rare.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00174-00048336-00048644": "Like, I don't do that very often,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00175-00048644-00048892": "and it's fun to switch things up a little bit,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00176-00048892-00049066": "when you film your lives every day.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00177-00049066-00049486": "It's kind of fun to be a little dramatic era on occasion.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00178-00049500-00049562": "But...", "9gRemG5hNjU-00179-00049632-00049858": "But the real reason I've really tried to keep the vlogs", "9gRemG5hNjU-00180-00049858-00050168": "down to earth and real is because so many kids watch us,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00181-00050168-00050628": "and I'm afraid that sometimes children, even mine,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00182-00050628-00050744": "I'm watching it take place", "9gRemG5hNjU-00183-00050744-00051110": "with Eve as they get this indirect message that...", "9gRemG5hNjU-00184-00051146-00051379": "Because once YouTubers get big,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00185-00051379-00051740": "they start to be sent toys by toy companies,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00186-00051740-00051904": "or clothes from clothing companies,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00187-00051904-00052136": "and it starts to give this indirect message that,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00188-00052136-00052354": "Oh, to be happy,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00189-00052354-00052755": "to have a happy family, you have to have new toys.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00190-00052810-00053032": "You have to have a backyard pool.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00191-00053032-00053240": "You have to have all,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00192-00053240-00053434": "you know, these grand vacations,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00193-00053434-00053616": "and it's just not real.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00194-00053736-00054052": "And it's not, it's not accurate.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00195-00054178-00054312": "So-- And it's not true.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00196-00054312-00054504": "To be happy and to have a happy family,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00197-00054504-00054655": "you don't have to have all of those things,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00198-00054655-00054888": "and so I've tried to keep things as down-to-earth", "9gRemG5hNjU-00199-00054888-00055004": "as I possibly can,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00200-00055004-00055204": "and it's really hard especially for my kids", "9gRemG5hNjU-00201-00055204-00055272": "where things are...", "9gRemG5hNjU-00202-00055272-00055389": "They're always seeing these things,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00203-00055389-00055515": "and things are being sent.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00204-00055515-00055774": "And so, I-- Eve,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00205-00055774-00056124": "I want you to know that I am very proud of you,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00206-00056124-00056555": "for working hard for a toy, and and it's taking several weeks.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00207-00056555-00056772": "She doesn't just get it after one or two weeks.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00208-00056772-00057041": "It has to be four weeks of keeping her clean,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00209-00057041-00057208": "room clean every day,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00210-00057208-00057376": "and getting ready every morning.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00211-00057564-00057674": "Because that's the truth.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00212-00057674-00057758": "That's the reality.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00213-00057758-00057874": "If you want things in life,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00214-00057874-00058116": "you're just going to have to work your butt off for them,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00215-00058116-00058312": "because that's the truth.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00216-00058360-00058632": "You guys, I love you.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00217-00058632-00058872": "And my videos.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00218-00058872-00059264": "my vlogs are a work of love,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00219-00059264-00059626": "and my heart is really in it.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00220-00059626-00059838": "And I just...", "9gRemG5hNjU-00221-00059838-00060044": "I just need you to know that,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00222-00060044-00060220": "that I love you a lot.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00223-00060220-00060462": "Am I [inaudible] going to get my present?", "9gRemG5hNjU-00224-00060566-00060740": "You've got like several more days.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00225-00060740-00060812": "Look.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00226-00060870-00061072": "You've done it for this many days,", "9gRemG5hNjU-00227-00061072-00061250": "and you have this many left.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00228-00061279-00061374": "See?", "9gRemG5hNjU-00229-00061446-00061622": "You gotta keep working.", "9gRemG5hNjU-00230-00061966-00062108": "Yep, almost there."}}, {"audio_id": "9gUcZytViN0", "text": {"9gUcZytViN0-00000-00000166-00000498": "We now take you live to the Redwick County Courthouse", "9gUcZytViN0-00001-00000498-00000852": "For the closing arguments in the Tom Everett case", "9gUcZytViN0-00002-00001380-00002018": "There seems to be an overarching theme in the witness testimonies today", "9gUcZytViN0-00003-00002108-00002446": "Besmirching my defendant Tom Everett's character", "9gUcZytViN0-00004-00002550-00002750": "Seems to be the sentiment of this town", "9gUcZytViN0-00005-00002826-00003070": "But there's something off about Tom Everett.", "9gUcZytViN0-00006-00003084-00003338": "Well I never liked the look of that Tom Everett fellow", "9gUcZytViN0-00007-00003432-00003614": "I've heard it from more than one person", "9gUcZytViN0-00008-00003614-00003944": "I've heard every story there is to hear about Tom Everett", "9gUcZytViN0-00009-00003952-00004314": "They say Tom Everett stole my apple pie right out the window sill", "9gUcZytViN0-00010-00004392-00004672": "Tom Everett burn my house right to the ground", "9gUcZytViN0-00011-00004744-00005104": "Tom Everett kidnapped my daughter brought it back a man, a married man", "9gUcZytViN0-00012-00005176-00005376": "Married to Tom Everett", "9gUcZytViN0-00013-00005466-00005798": "And while all those things are true", "9gUcZytViN0-00014-00005874-00006444": "They are not the crimes that he is being accused of today", "9gUcZytViN0-00015-00006556-00006814": "We all know Tom Everett's a terrible man", "9gUcZytViN0-00016-00006820-00007120": "Hell he stole my wallet three times since I started defending him", "9gUcZytViN0-00017-00007120-00007580": "I told him the second time \"Tom, you steal my wallet one more time I'm gonna tell the jury\". And here we are", "9gUcZytViN0-00018-00007673-00007795": "See that, I told you", "9gUcZytViN0-00019-00007890-00008052": "But", "9gUcZytViN0-00020-00008052-00008300": "Tom is not on trial for stealing a wallet", "9gUcZytViN0-00021-00008340-00008918": "And he's not on trial for masturbating in church, and he's not on trial for leading the town's children off a Willoughby cliff", "9gUcZytViN0-00022-00009054-00009176": "If he was", "9gUcZytViN0-00023-00009198-00009290": "He'd be out of here", "9gUcZytViN0-00024-00009308-00009384": "He'd be gone", "9gUcZytViN0-00025-00009384-00009482": "Two seconds", "9gUcZytViN0-00026-00009502-00009838": "Wouldn't even need a witness. Cause we know he did those things", "9gUcZytViN0-00027-00009972-00010110": "But", "9gUcZytViN0-00028-00010110-00010930": "That's not what he's specifically being accused of today, so we can't and it sucks", "9gUcZytViN0-00029-00010990-00011190": "But those are the rules", "9gUcZytViN0-00030-00011236-00011436": "And we have rules", "9gUcZytViN0-00031-00011438-00011752": "And we got to follow those rules you know why?", "9gUcZytViN0-00032-00011774-00012564": "Because if we don't follow those rules. We'd be a town full of Tom Everetts, and that is not a town I want no live in", "9gUcZytViN0-00033-00012625-00012906": "That's a fate worse than death as far as I'm concerned", "9gUcZytViN0-00034-00012977-00013402": "One Tom Everett is far too many, a whole town full of them Jesus Christ!", "9gUcZytViN0-00035-00013513-00013902": "Take what if I lived in that town I'd get my rifle, and I'd kill every Tom Everett", "9gUcZytViN0-00036-00013903-00014280": "I laid eyes on, no mercy no remorse", "9gUcZytViN0-00037-00014380-00014654": "I guess you could say I'd be pulling a Tom Everett", "9gUcZytViN0-00038-00014722-00015094": "If I saw a little lady Tom Everett, she was pregnant with the little baby Tom Everett", "9gUcZytViN0-00039-00015106-00015484": "I'd shoot her right in the head two for one and I wouldn't be wrong", "9gUcZytViN0-00040-00015550-00015750": "I'd be doing the Lord's work", "9gUcZytViN0-00041-00015872-00016072": "But", "9gUcZytViN0-00042-00016096-00016536": "That's neither here nor there because we don't live in a town full of Tom Everetts thank God", "9gUcZytViN0-00043-00016601-00016969": "We live in a town with just one Tom Everett and it's terrible", "9gUcZytViN0-00044-00017101-00017706": "But he didn't commit the crime that he is specifically on trial for today", "9gUcZytViN0-00045-00017843-00018023": "You know how I know?", "9gUcZytViN0-00046-00018023-00018307": "Because it's not that bad a crime", "9gUcZytViN0-00047-00018382-00019026": "It's not, it's not what we would call in walk a Tom Everett level crime", "9gUcZytViN0-00048-00019118-00019393": "He's on trial today for having sex with a goat", "9gUcZytViN0-00049-00019498-00020002": "I got news for ya, Tom Everett doesn't fuck just one goat", "9gUcZytViN0-00050-00020020-00020640": "Tom Everett fucks a HUNDRED GOATS at the same time and he fucking kills 'em while he's fucking 'em", "9gUcZytViN0-00051-00020675-00020997": "Put him on top for that godsakes, we'll get him in jail before the sun goes down", "9gUcZytViN0-00052-00021223-00021423": "One goat", "9gUcZytViN0-00053-00021448-00021747": "Bill Masterson fucked one goat and he's just weirdo", "9gUcZytViN0-00054-00021884-00022514": "Bill Masterson's a weirdo, but he's not the devil incarnate. He's not Tom Everett", "9gUcZytViN0-00055-00022798-00022924": "*sighs*", "9gUcZytViN0-00056-00023234-00023724": "Yes what I'm trying to say is", "9gUcZytViN0-00057-00023724-00023896": "*woman says*  Fuck you Tom Everett", "9gUcZytViN0-00058-00023896-00023972": "*gunshot sound*", "9gUcZytViN0-00059-00023976-00024226": "Oh thank god I got so much shit to do Trial's over", "9gUcZytViN0-00060-00024336-00024988": "This next hour of commercial-free music is brought to you by the 80s. \"The 80s, mankind at its worst\""}}, {"audio_id": "9h4Og0y6buQ", "text": {"9h4Og0y6buQ-00000-00000344-00000992": "when you sign on for these assignments i said be careful what you sign on for because you got to", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00001-00000992-00001712": "agree to do what they want you to do go where they want you to go to do what you want to do", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00002-00001712-00002408": "but they have told me many times through my clients you find your passion you find", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00003-00002408-00003112": "what you're really supposed to do what you're here for you don't get sick and you don't age", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00004-00003208-00003928": "because you're doing what you're supposed to be doing and you're happy doing it so that's probably", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00005-00003928-00004504": "why they said i found what our mission is after raising a family and doing all this other thing", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00006-00004504-00005032": "that's why i said i've had several lives in one you know my husband was in a wheelchair for 25", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00007-00005032-00005536": "years after he was almost killed in the navy and his body was crushed so we had to get all", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00008-00005536-00006304": "that behind us and raising a big family before the universe said now it's time to step into this role", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00009-00006440-00007184": "so you never know what kind of a plan or contract you have made on the other side before you come in", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00010-00007495-00007680": "so don't try to get out of it too soon", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00011-00007840-00008480": "the best is yet to come you don't know what the rest of the contract is first you have to", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00012-00008480-00009160": "get rid of all the old junk the garbage and the baggage out of your life and then you can move", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00013-00009160-00009856": "into what you really came for so many people come to see me and they said i want out i want", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00014-00009856-00010528": "to commit suicide i don't want to be here anymore they don't realize what they've contracted to do", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00015-00010680-00011176": "of course if you get out too soon you got to come back and do it again you don't get out of anything", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00016-00011368-00012192": "that's not the way the law of karma works okay um i'm not going to go into too much of these", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00017-00012192-00012648": "three waves of volunteers i think last year that's what i mostly talked about wasn't it", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00018-00012736-00013272": "that's the book i finished last year and it's making waves all over the world", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00019-00013424-00013936": "but braun was want to mention it it's the three waves of volunteers in the new earth", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00020-00014063-00014616": "but as i said all of my work is an accumulation of the different information that comes through", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00021-00014616-00015160": "all of these thousands of people that i see that's how i come up with these theories", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00022-00015224-00016168": "first let's talk about the earth school you've all signed on to be here in the earth school", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00023-00016272-00016984": "i'm going to talk about that first to show where you have come to now as we're in 2012.", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00024-00017144-00017792": "and the different speakers have been talking about god and this is all in my books also and", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00025-00017792-00018168": "that's why i said a lot of these concepts were very challenging in the beginning", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00026-00018304-00019160": "okay we all began with god i have so many clients coming to me and on their", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00027-00019160-00019816": "list of questions is always where did i come from because they always say why am i here", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00028-00019816-00020504": "too well where did i come from and i tell them we all came from the same place no i want to", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00029-00020504-00021400": "know what's my home my home planet there's no such thing we all came from the same place", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00030-00021520-00022416": "other planets are just one of the schools that we sign on to learn at but that's not home not", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00031-00022416-00023216": "the real home we all began at the same place we all started with god or what they call the source", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00032-00023432-00024088": "now i've had many many people go back to the source they go back to when they were with god", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00033-00024088-00024744": "before they ever started on this long journey become humans humans are kind of like the last", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00034-00024744-00025632": "part of the whole thing this is the worst part really but we all began at the same place and", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00035-00025632-00026183": "i've had people go back and experience it and they always describe god the same way", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00036-00026616-00027400": "first you have to get over the idea that god is a man he's not a man if anything he would be a woman", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00037-00027944-00028320": "be because women are the creative power", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00038-00028527-00028944": "but he's neither one he's not male or female there is no gender", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00039-00029039-00029648": "and when people go back to be with god they're just doing a lot he of going to past lives this", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00040-00029648-00030295": "is what they do they go back to the beginning they always describe it the same way that god is like", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00041-00030295-00031383": "a huge energy force they describe it like a big bright light some of them say they are in the sun", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00042-00031383-00032152": "but it's not hot other ones say the great central sun is what they call it but it's a huge light", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00043-00032312-00033040": "and when they're there there's total love they don't want to leave they're all together", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00044-00033040-00033504": "everyone is together and they all want to stay there they don't want to leave it is", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00045-00033504-00034088": "so much love and there's so much beauty and when i've had people go back there they say", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00046-00034152-00035000": "don't wake me up i want to stay here because it's so beautiful and afterwards they the ones i work", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00047-00035000-00035552": "with they always come through the people i worked with and they said oh that the person who had the", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00048-00035552-00036184": "session they wanted to get a taste of what it was like it's one of their questions they wanted to", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00049-00036184-00036920": "know what is god really like they wanted the taste of home but they said we can just give her a taste", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00050-00037024-00037760": "if we showed her what it was really like she wouldn't want to return but you gave her enough", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00051-00037760-00038240": "so that at least she'd have an idea of what it was like it's so beautiful and so wonderful", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00052-00038456-00039480": "they said a human being cannot really understand the totality of god of the source is so enormous", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00053-00039720-00040360": "they said our belief in god and our concept of god is like a tiny thread", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00054-00040480-00041072": "compared to what it really is we cannot understand the totality of it then they", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00055-00041072-00041632": "said consider the other people out there who don't even have the metaphysical background", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00056-00041688-00042456": "their concept of god isn't even as big as a tiny thread that's how hard it is to understand", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00057-00042608-00043480": "but they said it's the glue that holds everything together if it were to wink out for a fraction of", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00058-00043480-00044328": "a second everything would disintegrate that's how powerful this is and i want to do a lot of", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00059-00044328-00044984": "this in my books the different versions of the dreamer dreams the dream life is an illusion", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00060-00045160-00045528": "one concept i like to bring up that may shake you up a little", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00061-00045616-00046384": "this building this room didn't even exist until you collectively decided to be here today", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00062-00046552-00047024": "is that a little hard to understand this is the kind of concepts i'm getting", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00063-00047168-00047512": "it's the collective consciousness of how it creates", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00064-00047728-00048368": "that when we decided to come here we constructed this thing out of the energy", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00065-00048424-00049272": "because everything is energy and that's how it works when we all began we were all", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00066-00049272-00050064": "part of god this beautiful light this huge energy total love we all began there", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00067-00050272-00050920": "and god decided he wanted to learn he wanted to know he was curious", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00068-00051080-00051888": "so what happened he burst out in all directions it's called some of them called the big bang", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00069-00051888-00052367": "theory and i've had a lot of people argue with me about these things i'm just i'm the", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00070-00052367-00053088": "reporter remember the reporter the investigator i report what i get it burst out in all directions", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00071-00053088-00053904": "and what it did all these tiny sparks flew out in all directions some of these sparks", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00072-00053904-00054840": "became galaxies some of them became universes many many of them became your own individual soul", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00073-00055016-00055736": "when i take people back in the sessions to find out what you really really are all they see", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00074-00055736-00056520": "is a tiny little spark of light that's what your soul is your spirit a tiny little spark of light", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00075-00056728-00056904": "and that's how you all began", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00076-00057104-00057864": "this is you are not a body you have a body this is just a suit of clothes a costume", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00077-00057864-00058584": "you're wearing right now to play this part this role in this stage play that you're involved in", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00078-00058784-00059024": "everything is an illusion nothing is real", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00079-00059304-00059896": "i've had people go through the death experiences and after they've died and", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00080-00059896-00060384": "they're on the spirit side they look back at the life and they'll say it was just to play", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00081-00060584-00061055": "i can see all the actors on stage getting ready to come out and play their parts", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00082-00061055-00061679": "i can see the actors in the wings getting ready to come on and they said but when i was there", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00083-00061679-00062312": "it was so hard and so difficult but now that i'm on the other side it was like a blink of an eye", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00084-00062496-00063472": "we get caught up in the illusion so you are the producer director and actor in your own play", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00085-00063720-00064632": "you're also the script writer but the script is being written as it goes along", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00086-00064632-00065167": "you know what that means you can change the script anytime you want", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00087-00065344-00065984": "you're the writer you're the actor you don't like the way the scene is going changing", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00088-00066056-00066808": "this is how much power we have we don't realize it so you're just an actor wearing a costume to", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00089-00066808-00067736": "play this part but when god burst out and sent everyone out he said go my children and learn", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00090-00067848-00068584": "learn everything there is to learn have every experience there is to experience", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00091-00068768-00069408": "he said there is no bad there is no good there's only lessons and experiences", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00092-00069520-00069824": "and you choose these every time you come into a life", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00093-00070080-00070704": "and what you chose to learn we all have bad things happen in our lives that's life", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00094-00070840-00071576": "but what did you learn from it remember you created it to learn something from you made", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00095-00071576-00072128": "it maybe more difficult than it should have been but you created it to learn something", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00096-00072256-00072712": "and i have clients that i ask that too and they'll say i didn't learn anything it was", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00097-00072712-00073336": "just a horrible experience what happens then if you see i didn't learn anything", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00098-00073568-00073744": "you got to take that class over again", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00099-00074016-00074528": "earth is nothing but a school that you signed on here to experience", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00100-00074648-00075416": "there are many many schools out there because when we start out god said learn everything everything", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00101-00075416-00076136": "that's possible everything there is every things you can't even imagine and then bring it back", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00102-00076136-00076912": "to me and when we're all done with all of our schools with all of our lessons we take", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00103-00076912-00077608": "all the information back download it into the gigantic computer that is god that is the source", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00104-00077856-00078704": "i asked them one time well then what does he do with it he said starts over again recreating again", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00105-00078848-00079760": "it was unending but when you start on the schools you go to other planets you go to", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00106-00079760-00080488": "other dimensions you have to know what all of that is like and i proved this by taking hundreds of", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00107-00080488-00080920": "people i never know where they're going to go i think they're going to go into past life they", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00108-00080920-00081704": "don't they go on these other planets other and they learn whatever it is to be learned there", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00109-00081896-00082640": "but when you come to earth they said this is the most difficult planet in the universe", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00110-00082784-00083288": "it's the hardest it's the densest it's the heaviest", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00111-00083496-00083824": "they don't want to come here it's very very difficult", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00112-00084128-00084368": "have a lot more fun on the other planets", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00113-00084616-00084992": "and also they have a lot of fun on the spirit side they like rather much better", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00114-00084992-00085392": "stay over there because they're learning a lot there there's schools there's all", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00115-00085392-00085848": "kinds of things on the spirit side and i've written about all of these things in my books", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00116-00085976-00086704": "but when they decide they're going to come to earth and take on earth school they're warned", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00117-00086824-00087416": "this is going to be very difficult you know this don't you once you sign on", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00118-00087416-00088112": "for the earth school it's a long school you can't get out of it until you are finished", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00119-00088232-00088896": "you have to take all the grades all the steps you can't jump from kindergarten to college", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00120-00088992-00089368": "you have to finish this class before you go to the next class", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00121-00089496-00090104": "if you fail that class there's no judgment you just take it over again", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00122-00090288-00090912": "and i've had many clients who are taking the same class over and over and over again they go through", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00123-00090912-00091528": "maybe four or five lives with the same people same circumstance and they still haven't got it", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00124-00091680-00092272": "you probably know people like that in your own lives drawing the same circumstances to them time", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00125-00092272-00093024": "after time the same kind of people to them time after time like when are you going to get it now", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00126-00093272-00093648": "the universe one's running all of this and i'm glad somebody's running it", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00127-00093744-00094400": "they don't care how long it takes you to pass one class one grade you have eternity", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00128-00094552-00095016": "but do you want to take eternity to one will learn one little lesson", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00129-00095216-00095752": "well everybody else is going on to high school to college you're still stuck on the second grade", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00130-00095920-00096264": "if that's what you want it's your free will you can do it", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00131-00096416-00097000": "but if you realize you're just repeating the same class over and over again and not moving forward", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00132-00097112-00097704": "then it finally begins to get into your head okay i don't need to keep repeating this i'm going", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00133-00097704-00098552": "to move on and you go to the next class the next grade which may or may not be easier maybe harder", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00134-00098608-00099224": "but at least it'll be different because there's no judging you judge yourself", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00135-00099296-00099704": "you decide yourself what you're going to learn when you come into a life", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00136-00099784-00100320": "you set up the circumstances everybody here's been saying the same things you choose your parents", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00137-00100320-00101008": "you choose where you're going to live environment what is going to be the best for you you decide", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00138-00101008-00101496": "it all but you have all these advisors over there and they're always trying to help you", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00139-00101496-00102072": "they can't tell you what to do but they can help you um they said are you sure you want to do this", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00140-00102176-00102583": "they said oh yeah i want to get rid of everything at once i want to get rid of all the karma", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00141-00102656-00103224": "and you pile your plate pretty full are you sure you want to do that yeah i want to get", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00142-00103224-00104000": "it over with all at once say okay we'll be there to help you but it's going to be very difficult", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00143-00104120-00104824": "because so many of us have taken so long to learn the lessons we're caught on the wheel of karma", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00144-00105080-00105535": "we haven't got it we keep making the same mistake over and over and over again", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00145-00105600-00106024": "you don't get out of anything you have to take that lesson until you learn it", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00146-00106176-00106688": "and you keep coming back with the same people just playing different roles you be the husband this", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00147-00106688-00107200": "time i'll be the wife or you'd be the mother i'll be the child maybe we can figure it out", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00148-00107311-00107983": "but it's the wheel of karma the one of the only things that jesus came to teach us", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00149-00108088-00108640": "was how to get off the wheel of karma we were going round and around and around we", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00150-00108640-00109528": "were not moving upward so he came to show us how to get off of the wheel of course the only", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00151-00109528-00110152": "way is always with love love is the greatest thing there is god the source is total love", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00152-00110216-00110888": "and that's all they're ever trying to teach anyone it's just that a life on earth is so much", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00153-00110888-00111656": "difficult i said this is the most difficult planet in the universe the densest the heaviest they say", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00154-00111656-00112472": "when you sign on to come here they really admire you is you have to be very brave to take that step", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00155-00112688-00113311": "and to sign up on this school so the majority of us are caught on this wheel going round", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00156-00113311-00113904": "and around and around for how many hundreds and thousands of lifetimes we're not going anywhere", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00157-00114040-00114344": "now these three waves of volunteers that have come in", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00158-00114456-00115192": "that are volunteering their energy is needed to help with the ascension to help with the shifting", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00159-00115311-00115896": "it is needed to help raise this we can't do it by ourselves the ones who are caught on", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00160-00115896-00116496": "the wheel of karma can't do it they would be with the old earth and be destroyed", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00161-00116608-00117432": "so the first wave of volunteers i like to think are like now i think it starts after world war", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00162-00117432-00118488": "ii those born after 1945 until they're about i guess 40 50 maybe late 30s that age group", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00163-00118728-00119176": "and i've had some people tell me they have the same characteristics and they're in their", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00164-00119176-00119935": "early 60s that's possible and other ones may have been they said may have been sent as forerunners", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00165-00119935-00120704": "to test the waters because they told me we have tried this three times the other", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00166-00120704-00121240": "times we couldn't get the critical mass and it didn't work but now we've got it", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00167-00121368-00122024": "hundreds of thousands of volunteers have come in we have tipped the scales and we have the", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00168-00122024-00122576": "critical mass now to save the world that's why we're moving into the other dimension", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00169-00122783-00123632": "but the first wave are those in that age group they don't want to be here they don't like it", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00170-00123632-00124335": "here they don't understand the violence why do people hurt each other what's this all about", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00171-00124511-00125288": "they don't understand emotions especially strong emotions strong emotions frighten them", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00172-00125288-00125944": "because they don't you can see why they've never experienced life on earth they're just thrown into", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00173-00125944-00126824": "this mess they don't understand emotions they don't like violence and they're always saying", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00174-00126824-00127583": "i want to go home i don't like it here i don't know where home is i just know it's not here", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00175-00127911-00128583": "and i get thousands of emails so if i don't answer your emails be aware that i do read them", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00176-00128583-00129088": "it's just that i can't possibly answer them all but in many of them the people will say", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00177-00129168-00129696": "i can remember being a little child standing in the kitchen talking to my mother and saying", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00178-00129792-00130728": "mommy i want to go home and he said you are home no i'm not they know this is not where home is", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00179-00130896-00131464": "and they're very unhappy here and many in the first wave have tried to commit suicide to get out", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00180-00131464-00132056": "that's how unhappy they are and the first book i wrote about this was keepers of the garden", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00181-00132168-00132648": "back in the 80 when i eighties when i found my first one of this and i didn't even know what", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00182-00132648-00133296": "it was now after that i began getting many many people coming to me telling me the same story", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00183-00133488-00133736": "the second wave had it easier", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00184-00133832-00134720": "they would be 30s 20s 30s maybe some of the 40s in that age group some of these age groups overlap", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00185-00134832-00135376": "because people tell me well i think i've got these characteristics but i'm not in that age", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00186-00135376-00136080": "group the second wave followed in the footsteps of the first wave so they had a little easier", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00187-00136216-00136848": "i asked them one time why did the first wave have it so hard he said because somebody had to be the", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00188-00136848-00137848": "one to be the wayshower the um pioneer to start out to set the path for the other ones to follow", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00189-00138016-00138432": "that's why it was more difficult so the second wave have come in", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00190-00138568-00139232": "they are what i call antennas generators channelers of energy", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00191-00139440-00140360": "they are here receiving this energy to send the energy to all the other people of the world", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00192-00140544-00140968": "and part of my uh when the clients come in and they have their list of", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00193-00140968-00141520": "their list of questions the main question i call it the universal question they always want to know", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00194-00141576-00142136": "why am i here what am i supposed to be doing and you know that's the main question", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00195-00142288-00143128": "so when i get these people they always want to know why am i here they're always told you're here", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00196-00143128-00143832": "to generate energy you're here to spread the energy the second way people can walk", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00197-00143832-00144568": "through a crowded mall of people and affect everyone that they come in contact with", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00198-00144568-00145088": "they don't know it consciously but they affect every single person they come in contact with", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00199-00145232-00145936": "by because they are channeling this energy to help change the people and raise the vibrations", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00200-00145936-00146392": "of the earth what i mean that's why they're here to volunteer these jobs", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00201-00146480-00146816": "and the people say well what am what am i supposed to be doing", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00202-00146888-00147352": "they said you're not supposed to do anything you're just supposed to be", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00203-00147672-00148304": "and there's one man but i want to do something you are doing something just by being", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00204-00148520-00149288": "but there's a paradox here these people are supposed to be spreading energy to people", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00205-00149392-00149520": "but they don't like people", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00206-00149856-00150624": "they'd rather stay home by themself many of the second wave live alone", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00207-00150744-00151424": "they work from their homes they have no desire to go out and mix with people they don't like", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00208-00151424-00152064": "the energies of the other people many of them don't get married first and second wave many", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00209-00152064-00152872": "of them don't marry and don't have children because having children you create karma and", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00210-00153152-00153840": "when they these volunteers come into earth they have a coating covering a sheath", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00211-00153840-00154376": "over their body their soul to keep them from accumulating karma", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00212-00154520-00155248": "kind of bounces off of them because they don't want them to be stuck here do your job and get out", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00213-00155480-00155816": "so they're just here to help so the second wave had a little", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00214-00155816-00156384": "easier but still you're here just to generate energy and help people", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00215-00156456-00157184": "the third wave of course are the children the new children that have come in everybody's dna is", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00216-00157184-00157904": "being changed it's all part of this shifting into the new earth everybody's dna is being changed", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00217-00158096-00158552": "now with this shifting the older people are having the hardest time adapting", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00218-00158664-00159120": "of course the young people are already there their dna is already", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00219-00159120-00159616": "where it's supposed to be when they come in they're so advanced they're", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00220-00159616-00160120": "there already that's the third wave the gift of the world are these children", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00221-00160344-00161048": "but the other ones we have to catch up but i said it has to be a gradual process a gradual shifting", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00222-00161152-00161608": "and many of these especially the older people is if you can't handle it", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00223-00161608-00162584": "you'll transition because now the energy is speeding up and they're moving much much faster", "9h4Og0y6buQ-00224-00166672-00166680": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "9hvPeSWYD4I", "text": {"9hvPeSWYD4I-00000-00000025-00000225": "MEENA geet ringtone"}}, {"audio_id": "9hXZ-vsCe0U", "text": {"9hXZ-vsCe0U-00000-00000000-00000200": "There is no peace equal to peace"}}, {"audio_id": "9idrCOka43E", "text": {"9idrCOka43E-00000-00000104-00000432": "All right, let's finish up with one more finding all the", "9idrCOka43E-00001-00000432-00000528": "real solutions.", "9idrCOka43E-00002-00000584-00000864": "So real we've been talking about real and rational. Real", "9idrCOka43E-00003-00000864-00001296": "and rational are different. Real is any real number just make", "9idrCOka43E-00004-00001296-00001592": "sure we're understanding the different.", "9idrCOka43E-00005-00001655-00002007": "This would include 1/2 but this also includes square root 5", "9idrCOka43E-00006-00002072-00002328": "right cube root 5 all those crazy numbers.", "9idrCOka43E-00007-00002408-00002720": "Whereas those rational numbers the ones we've been using", "9idrCOka43E-00008-00002720-00002992": "with this new theorem.", "9idrCOka43E-00009-00002992-00003384": "Is also 1 and 2 and like 1/2 and 3/2s", "9idrCOka43E-00010-00003464-00003664": "but square root 5 is not rational.", "9idrCOka43E-00011-00003664-00003832": "So make sure you're understanding the difference", "9idrCOka43E-00012-00003832-00003976": "between real and rational.", "9idrCOka43E-00013-00004136-00004592": "So the previous examples right. This one it had no, example three", "9idrCOka43E-00014-00004592-00004768": "had no rational zeros,", "9idrCOka43E-00015-00004768-00004960": "but it could have it may have real zeros.", "9idrCOka43E-00016-00005120-00005528": "Which could be like cube root of 5, right?", "9idrCOka43E-00017-00005528-00005832": "This theorem is only telling me the ones in this form.", "9idrCOka43E-00018-00005888-00006200": "So we're going to start with the rational theorem to find those", "9idrCOka43E-00019-00006256-00006488": "and then hopefully we can find the real ones at the end.", "9idrCOka43E-00020-00006552-00006864": "So the rational theorem is going to help me maybe get it", "9idrCOka43E-00021-00006864-00007223": "down from a next Cube function to an x squared function", "9idrCOka43E-00022-00007223-00007448": "and then I can start using other methods.", "9idrCOka43E-00023-00007520-00007744": "So if I want to solve this, I think I'm going to find Zero's", "9idrCOka43E-00024-00007744-00007895": "so I'm going to move the to to the other side.", "9idrCOka43E-00025-00008400-00008544": "And so we're going to we're going to start", "9idrCOka43E-00026-00008544-00008656": "with the rational theorem", "9idrCOka43E-00027-00008656-00008856": "to find the first one or the second one.", "9idrCOka43E-00028-00008912-00009264": "And then maybe we can use a quadratic formula", "9idrCOka43E-00029-00009264-00009504": "to then find the real zeros.", "9idrCOka43E-00030-00009504-00009728": "So the rational theorem is only telling me the ones", "9idrCOka43E-00031-00009728-00010032": "in rational form, but this can at least help me narrow it", "9idrCOka43E-00032-00010032-00010184": "down so it can get easier to solve.", "9idrCOka43E-00033-00010248-00010536": "So what are my possible zeros?", "9idrCOka43E-00034-00010784-00011136": "So it'll be factors of 2.", "9idrCOka43E-00035-00011288-00011456": "So on top will have two or one.", "9idrCOka43E-00036-00011632-00012232": "/ factors of also too from the too the leading coefficient", "9idrCOka43E-00037-00012464-00012888": "So this brings me to plus or minus 2", "9idrCOka43E-00038-00012888-00013040": "over 2 plus or minus 1 over 2?", "9idrCOka43E-00039-00013040-00014184": "Plus or minus 2 over 1 and plus or minus 1 over 1.", "9idrCOka43E-00040-00014336-00014663": "So what do we have 2 over 2 and 1 over 1 or the same thing?", "9idrCOka43E-00041-00014663-00015104": "So plus or minus 1 plus or minus 2 and then plus or minus 1/2.", "9idrCOka43E-00042-00015247-00015424": "So we can plug into chicks zeros", "9idrCOka43E-00043-00015424-00015824": "or we can just start doing synthetic to check.", "9idrCOka43E-00044-00015824-00015928": "It's up to you.", "9idrCOka43E-00045-00015928-00016336": "So you can plug in one or you can do one with synthetic either", "9idrCOka43E-00046-00016336-00016680": "or I'm going to do synthetic just to get some practice", "9idrCOka43E-00047-00016680-00017168": "with it 235 and to make sure you're all the terms.", "9idrCOka43E-00048-00017168-00017528": "Are there X cubed x squared x. Otherwise you add zeros.", "9idrCOka43E-00049-00017832-00017976": "So let's just go through the zeros.", "9idrCOka43E-00050-00018328-00018480": "So if you feel good about synthetic division,", "9idrCOka43E-00051-00018480-00018616": "why don't you do a couple and we'll catch", "9idrCOka43E-00052-00018616-00018848": "up to we get to we get 5?", "9idrCOka43E-00053-00018848-00019568": "5 10 10 12 so F of 1 equals 12.", "9idrCOka43E-00054-00019640-00019864": "I actually find this faster than plugging in often", "9idrCOka43E-00055-00019864-00020192": "when we're doing High Powers Negative 1", "9idrCOka43E-00056-00020192-00020320": "or plug-in if you prefer.", "9idrCOka43E-00057-00020480-00020648": "So I'll cross out the ones that don't work just", "9idrCOka43E-00058-00020648-00020744": "to get them out of the way.", "9idrCOka43E-00059-00020920-00021592": "we get to we get negative 2 1 negative 1 4 negative 4", "9idrCOka43E-00060-00021808-00022008": "and we get negative 2 which is not zero", "9idrCOka43E-00061-00022064-00022224": "so negative one also doesn't work.", "9idrCOka43E-00062-00022376-00022584": "This is going to feel tedious.", "9idrCOka43E-00063-00022680-00022712": "All right.", "9idrCOka43E-00064-00022712-00023008": "Let's try to- to hopefully one of those works.", "9idrCOka43E-00065-00023008-00023264": "I'm just going to erase to make space and clear the video out.", "9idrCOka43E-00066-00023424-00024048": "so too for the coefficients 352 we get", "9idrCOka43E-00067-00024048-00024384": "to 2 times 2 is 4 7 this isn't looking good.", "9idrCOka43E-00068-00024384-00024728": "These numbers are getting big 2 times 7 is 14.", "9idrCOka43E-00069-00024728-00024848": "This is looking even worse.", "9idrCOka43E-00070-00025008-00025480": "19 and then this is clearly not a zero at this point", "9idrCOka43E-00071-00025480-00025744": "because the numbers are getting way too big and will cancel out", "9idrCOka43E-00072-00025744-00025912": "but you get 38 and 40.", "9idrCOka43E-00073-00025968-00026224": "So F of 2 is 40, which is not zero.", "9idrCOka43E-00074-00026416-00026783": "Let's try negative 2.", "9idrCOka43E-00075-00026912-00028056": "2 negative 4 negative 1 positive 2 7 I think I yeah, we're good.", "9idrCOka43E-00076-00028168-00028520": "I'm doing this fast, right if you need more practice go back", "9idrCOka43E-00077-00028520-00028912": "to last week and check out those videos negative 14.", "9idrCOka43E-00078-00029112-00029439": "Negative 12 not zero, so eliminate both of those", "9idrCOka43E-00079-00029439-00029695": "so it has to be 1/2 or 1 if we have a rational.", "9idrCOka43E-00080-00029768-00030088": "So let's try 1/2 and 1/2 over negative one half sorry,", "9idrCOka43E-00081-00030216-00030512": "so we just got unlucky we clearly chose the wrong order.", "9idrCOka43E-00082-00030576-00030680": "I guess we'll do positive 1/2.", "9idrCOka43E-00083-00030680-00031448": "1/2 2352 right?", "9idrCOka43E-00084-00031448-00031568": "Sometimes you get lucky and you get", "9idrCOka43E-00085-00031568-00031927": "that 0 right away other times you don't that's okay.", "9idrCOka43E-00086-00031927-00032695": "We get to 1/2 times 2 is 1/4 1/2 times 4 is 2 7.", "9idrCOka43E-00087-00032808-00032904": "Okay 7 halves.", "9idrCOka43E-00088-00032904-00032968": "I don't know what this is.", "9idrCOka43E-00089-00032968-00033040": "It's not zero.", "9idrCOka43E-00090-00033224-00033368": "Alright, hopefully this one works.", "9idrCOka43E-00091-00033368-00033784": "Otherwise, we are out of options.", "9idrCOka43E-00092-00033896-00033979": "All right, negative 1/2 we get", "9idrCOka43E-00093-00033979-00034408": "to We get negative 1 we get 2 we get negative 1/2 times negative", "9idrCOka43E-00094-00034408-00035448": "1/2 we get 4 and then we get negative 2 finally we get 0 so f", "9idrCOka43E-00095-00035448-00035832": "of negative 1/2 is 0 finally, sometimes we get unlucky", "9idrCOka43E-00096-00035832-00035944": "and it's the last one we pick.", "9idrCOka43E-00097-00036120-00036584": "So that means we have one hat negative 1/2 as a solution.", "9idrCOka43E-00098-00036728-00037016": "It looks like that's may be my only rational solution", "9idrCOka43E-00099-00037016-00037208": "because we already tried all the other rational.", "9idrCOka43E-00100-00037424-00037936": "options Right if we had a rational would have been one", "9idrCOka43E-00101-00037936-00038288": "of those other numbers but since none of those worked,", "9idrCOka43E-00102-00038288-00038496": "it just means we might have some real solutions", "9idrCOka43E-00103-00038496-00038752": "that are not rational so we can bring this down.", "9idrCOka43E-00104-00038752-00038920": "It'll be x minus negative 1/2.", "9idrCOka43E-00105-00039112-00039264": "And then we started with X Cube.", "9idrCOka43E-00106-00039264-00039792": "So now we're at x squared 2x squared plus 2X plus 4 equals 0.", "9idrCOka43E-00107-00039944-00040144": "And now that we're out of quadratic we can go ahead", "9idrCOka43E-00108-00040144-00040784": "and solve the quadratic.", "9idrCOka43E-00109-00040936-00041168": "So I don't think this one factors,", "9idrCOka43E-00110-00041168-00041328": "maybe it does we'll find out in a second.", "9idrCOka43E-00111-00041384-00041616": "It probably doesn't because we probably have some", "9idrCOka43E-00112-00041616-00041728": "rational Solutions.", "9idrCOka43E-00113-00041944-00042296": "So we'll just do x equals negative B negative 2 plus", "9idrCOka43E-00114-00042296-00043288": "or minus B squared minus 4AC all over 2A.", "9idrCOka43E-00115-00043520-00043764": "so what do we get we get 4 -", "9idrCOka43E-00116-00044264-00044864": "what's that 4 times 286 no, 32 all over 4.", "9idrCOka43E-00117-00044864-00045544": "For - 32 is negative 28.", "9idrCOka43E-00118-00045544-00045768": "So this is not a real solution.", "9idrCOka43E-00119-00045768-00045824": "So we're done.", "9idrCOka43E-00120-00046008-00046224": "Why is it not real because of the negative inside the", "9idrCOka43E-00121-00046224-00046288": "square root?", "9idrCOka43E-00122-00046288-00046564": "So the only real solution is x equal to negative 1/2.", "9idrCOka43E-00123-00046928-00047072": "If we had a positive square root,", "9idrCOka43E-00124-00047072-00047312": "it would just be an irrational solution, but it would be real.", "9idrCOka43E-00125-00047536-00047760": "So the sections tedious sometimes you get lucky", "9idrCOka43E-00126-00047760-00047912": "with your guesses other times you don't", "9idrCOka43E-00127-00048040-00048240": "but I'll see you for the next section."}}, {"audio_id": "9i_WqWykOOA", "text": {"9i_WqWykOOA-00000-00000000-00014116": "blxst type beat"}}, {"audio_id": "9iSKf79M4c0", "text": {"9iSKf79M4c0-00000-00000003-00000450": "So as we're studying the Gospel of John. We're keeping our eyes of course, on the", "9iSKf79M4c0-00001-00000450-00001155": "three strands, those three narratives, if you wish, themes that John", "9iSKf79M4c0-00002-00001155-00001725": "interweaves into one single narrative and we said the first was Jesus", "9iSKf79M4c0-00003-00001725-00002289": "demonstrating His divinity, He's the God/Man; and the other two that John", "9iSKf79M4c0-00004-00002289-00002796": "demonstrates are how people react to Him, some people react with faith,", "9iSKf79M4c0-00005-00002796-00003446": "other people react to this knowledge to this testimony, if you wish, they react", "9iSKf79M4c0-00006-00003446-00003890": "with disbelief, and you just keep seeing that same pattern over and over again in", "9iSKf79M4c0-00007-00003890-00004293": "the book. In the passage that we're going to cover today, John the apostle", "9iSKf79M4c0-00008-00004293-00004917": "records the last witness of faith in Jesus by John the Baptist and then we're", "9iSKf79M4c0-00009-00004917-00005412": "going to have some information on the various understandings of baptism that", "9iSKf79M4c0-00010-00005412-00006389": "people had during that time. In chapter 3 verse 21 that was the last bit", "9iSKf79M4c0-00011-00006389-00006972": "of conversation that Jesus has with Nicodemus. We don't hear from Nicodemus", "9iSKf79M4c0-00012-00006972-00007500": "again until later on when he'll defend Jesus in principle, if you wish, before", "9iSKf79M4c0-00013-00007500-00008186": "the Sanhedrin and then he will assist Joseph of Arimathea in burying Jesus", "9iSKf79M4c0-00014-00008186-00008690": "after His death on the cross. So let's pick up verse 22, shall we? That's where", "9iSKf79M4c0-00015-00008690-00009212": "we're at, and it says, \"After these things Jesus and His disciples came into the", "9iSKf79M4c0-00016-00009212-00009896": "land of Judea, and there He was spending time with them and baptizing.\" And so John", "9iSKf79M4c0-00017-00009896-00010395": "picks up the story with Jesus heading into Judea in order to preach and", "9iSKf79M4c0-00018-00010395-00011064": "baptize along with His disciples, leaving the city behind. He's been to the city, He", "9iSKf79M4c0-00019-00011064-00011706": "moves away from the city. A little bit later in chapter 4 verse 2 the apostle", "9iSKf79M4c0-00020-00011706-00012225": "John clarifies that Jesus Himself did not do the actual baptizing, but rather", "9iSKf79M4c0-00021-00012225-00012845": "His disciples are the ones that did the baptizing; He did the preaching, they did", "9iSKf79M4c0-00022-00012845-00013359": "the baptizing of those who responded. Interesting the", "9iSKf79M4c0-00023-00013359-00013794": "pattern that is set early. People hear the gospel, the good news, whatever, and", "9iSKf79M4c0-00024-00013794-00014343": "their response of faith always includes baptism to this day, so it continues in", "9iSKf79M4c0-00025-00014343-00015003": "the same, in the same thing. Now the Bible mentions baptism quite often. I'd like to", "9iSKf79M4c0-00026-00015003-00015473": "pause here and look at this issue just a little more closely so we can understand", "9iSKf79M4c0-00027-00015473-00016011": "the various references to baptism that John is going to make as we go on,", "9iSKf79M4c0-00028-00016011-00016443": "because he talks about baptism in different ways. So first of all, the word", "9iSKf79M4c0-00029-00016443-00017123": "baptism, the word itself is not an English word, but rather an anglicized", "9iSKf79M4c0-00030-00017123-00017820": "version of a Greek word and the Greek word is baptizo. Baptizo, this word", "9iSKf79M4c0-00031-00017820-00018426": "came from a root word which meant to make wet or to overwhelm. It was also", "9iSKf79M4c0-00032-00018426-00018926": "used to describe something which was covered or immersed in water. For example,", "9iSKf79M4c0-00033-00018926-00019587": "a ship that was being overwhelmed by water and sinking, if you wish. In the New", "9iSKf79M4c0-00034-00019587-00020028": "Testament it was mainly used to describe the religious rite of water purification", "9iSKf79M4c0-00035-00020028-00020700": "where the individual was covered or immersed in water indicating a spiritual", "9iSKf79M4c0-00036-00020700-00021506": "purification, a spiritual cleansing of some kind. Because of its special nature", "9iSKf79M4c0-00037-00021506-00021993": "when it came to translating the word it was simply kept in its Greek form and", "9iSKf79M4c0-00038-00021993-00022435": "given an English suffix or ending, in other words a transliteration, not a", "9iSKf79M4c0-00039-00022435-00022895": "translation. If they were to translate the word it would have gone", "9iSKf79M4c0-00040-00022895-00023490": "from baptizo in the Greek translated into the English meaning to overwhelm", "9iSKf79M4c0-00041-00023490-00024020": "or to plunge, but they did a transliteration, they simply", "9iSKf79M4c0-00042-00024020-00024881": "anglicized the Greek word and it became baptized. As far as the practice in those", "9iSKf79M4c0-00043-00024881-00025398": "days, there were many types of baptism in the Jewish religious experience. So the", "9iSKf79M4c0-00044-00025398-00025838": "people in those days were familiar with the many references made about baptism.", "9iSKf79M4c0-00045-00025838-00026528": "For example, the washing of the priests. John talks about that in John chapter 2", "9iSKf79M4c0-00046-00026528-00027111": "verse 6. Priests practiced water purification of objects,", "9iSKf79M4c0-00047-00027111-00027945": "they baptize the cups, that term. Proselytes to Judaism had to be", "9iSKf79M4c0-00048-00027945-00028533": "circumcised first, then baptized and then they would offer sacrifice in order to", "9iSKf79M4c0-00049-00028533-00029154": "enter into the Jewish faith. So there was baptism, if you wish, that the idea of", "9iSKf79M4c0-00050-00029154-00029570": "water purification from a Jewish perspective that had been practiced in", "9iSKf79M4c0-00051-00029570-00030227": "that way. Also there is John the Baptist's baptism,", "9iSKf79M4c0-00052-00030227-00030677": "John chapter 3 verse 11, immersion in water for forgiveness of sins and", "9iSKf79M4c0-00053-00030677-00031439": "preparation for the kingdom to come, it was an expression of faith that this", "9iSKf79M4c0-00054-00031439-00031995": "time was at hand. If you believe John when John said the Messiah is coming, the", "9iSKf79M4c0-00055-00031995-00032358": "time of the kingdom that's... if you believe that, then your response of faith", "9iSKf79M4c0-00056-00032358-00032907": "was to come forward and be baptized for the remission of your sins, but also to", "9iSKf79M4c0-00057-00032907-00033441": "prepare yourself for the coming of that kingdom. There's also the baptism of", "9iSKf79M4c0-00058-00033441-00034143": "suffering that's mentioned, Mark chapter 10 verse 38. Here the word refers to the", "9iSKf79M4c0-00059-00034143-00034794": "idea of being overwhelmed or covered with suffering, not water. So Jesus is", "9iSKf79M4c0-00060-00034794-00035382": "said to be immersed in suffering, His baptism of suffering. When He", "9iSKf79M4c0-00061-00035382-00036036": "said to the apostles, to John as a matter of fact, 'Can you have the", "9iSKf79M4c0-00062-00036036-00036369": "baptism that I'm going to have? Are you going to have that?' But He wasn't talking", "9iSKf79M4c0-00063-00036369-00036774": "about water baptism, He was talking about the baptism of suffering. 'Can you do that?',", "9iSKf79M4c0-00064-00036774-00037509": "He said. Another reference is the baptism of fire, Matthew 3:11, 1st Corinthians", "9iSKf79M4c0-00065-00037509-00038235": "3:13. This was a reference to testing and judgment. Now 1st Corinthians Paul says", "9iSKf79M4c0-00066-00038235-00038697": "that the work of the saved will be tested by fire. In other words, the work", "9iSKf79M4c0-00067-00038697-00039030": "that we do, the ministry that we do, the service that we perform,", "9iSKf79M4c0-00068-00039030-00039734": "it'll be tested, it'll be judged by fire, if you wish; for the unsaved, the fire of", "9iSKf79M4c0-00069-00039734-00040234": "judgment is punishment and suffering, and so when when they talk about the", "9iSKf79M4c0-00070-00040234-00040804": "baptism of fire, they're talking about judgment, alright, usually either a", "9iSKf79M4c0-00071-00040804-00041236": "thing, a service of ministry is being judged or an individual is being judged,", "9iSKf79M4c0-00072-00041236-00042034": "that's a baptism of fire. There's also the baptism with or in the Holy Spirit,", "9iSKf79M4c0-00073-00042034-00042520": "John chapter 1 verse 33. I want to mention to you that there's a common", "9iSKf79M4c0-00074-00042520-00043066": "saying out there in the religious world and that is, 'Have you received", "9iSKf79M4c0-00075-00043066-00043474": "the baptism of the Holy Spirit?' You hear that all the time, 'the baptism of the", "9iSKf79M4c0-00076-00043474-00043849": "Holy Spirit,' and what's interesting is if you read through the New Testament very", "9iSKf79M4c0-00077-00043849-00044332": "carefully and you look at every single reference to baptism you will never find", "9iSKf79M4c0-00078-00044332-00044817": "the term baptism of the Holy Spirit. It doesn't exist.", "9iSKf79M4c0-00079-00044817-00045433": "Now there's baptism in the Holy Spirit, there's baptism with the Holy Spirit,", "9iSKf79M4c0-00080-00045433-00045876": "but baptism of the Holy Spirit, in other words, the baptism that the Holy Spirit", "9iSKf79M4c0-00081-00045876-00046531": "administers, that term doesn't exist, because the baptism of the Holy Spirit,", "9iSKf79M4c0-00082-00046531-00047139": "the one that the Holy Spirit commands is what? That baptism in water, Acts 2:38.", "9iSKf79M4c0-00083-00047139-00047623": "Just a little aside there. So baptism with or in the Holy Spirit, this is a", "9iSKf79M4c0-00084-00047623-00048226": "reference to Jesus and giving the Spirit to others. This is also a fulfillment of", "9iSKf79M4c0-00085-00048226-00048754": "an Old Testament prophet. Peter quotes the prophet Joel in saying that when", "9iSKf79M4c0-00086-00048754-00049231": "the Messiah would come this promise would be fulfilled that the", "9iSKf79M4c0-00087-00049231-00049630": "Spirit would be given to everybody. And a lot of times we think", "9iSKf79M4c0-00088-00049630-00050026": "we're looking at Acts 2:38 where Peter is", "9iSKf79M4c0-00089-00050026-00050413": "preaching his first sermon and he comes to the climax verse where they", "9iSKf79M4c0-00090-00050413-00050902": "say, 'Men and brethren, what should we do?' and he says, 'Repent and let each", "9iSKf79M4c0-00091-00050902-00051208": "of you be baptized in the name of Jesus for the forgiveness of your sins and", "9iSKf79M4c0-00092-00051208-00051814": "you'll receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.' We always emphasize forgiveness", "9iSKf79M4c0-00093-00051814-00052420": "of sins, but when the Jews heard him say that, the thing they really keyed in", "9iSKf79M4c0-00094-00052420-00052987": "on was the second part of 'that you'll receive the gift of the Holy Spirit,'", "9iSKf79M4c0-00095-00052987-00053376": "because the thing that they look forward to in the Old Testament", "9iSKf79M4c0-00096-00053376-00053986": "was that everybody would have the Spirit, because in the Old Testament who had the", "9iSKf79M4c0-00097-00053986-00054486": "spirit? Well, the judges had the Spirit, the prophets, Isaiah, 'the Spirit", "9iSKf79M4c0-00098-00054486-00055020": "was upon me,' the Kings had the Spirit, individuals had the Spirit just for a", "9iSKf79M4c0-00099-00055020-00055518": "short time to do a great work or to lead the people or to speak in God's name, but", "9iSKf79M4c0-00100-00055518-00056104": "only a few people had the Spirit and so the great promise to the nation was when", "9iSKf79M4c0-00101-00056104-00056673": "the Messiah comes everybody's going to have the Spirit; the young and the old and the", "9iSKf79M4c0-00102-00056673-00057105": "male and the female and the slave and the king, everybody's going to have the", "9iSKf79M4c0-00103-00057105-00057547": "Spirit. So when Peter said this, forgiveness of sins, they were familiar", "9iSKf79M4c0-00104-00057547-00057991": "with that idea because John the Baptist had been preaching that at the beginning", "9iSKf79M4c0-00105-00057991-00058458": "and Jesus and His apostles had also been preaching the same idea, baptism for the", "9iSKf79M4c0-00106-00058458-00059154": "remission of sins, but now Peter adds, 'and you shall receive the gift of the Holy", "9iSKf79M4c0-00107-00059154-00059706": "Spirit.' Wow, this was the fulfillment of the promise that the prophets had made", "9iSKf79M4c0-00108-00059706-00060429": "for a very long time. So how exactly did Jesus fulfill this baptism with the Holy", "9iSKf79M4c0-00109-00060429-00061119": "Spirit, this covering, this immersing of His disciples with the Holy Spirit? Well,", "9iSKf79M4c0-00110-00061119-00061704": "He did it in a couple of ways actually. First of all, during the time before His", "9iSKf79M4c0-00111-00061704-00062122": "coming, in other words, in the Old Testament, only a few as I said were", "9iSKf79M4c0-00112-00062122-00062682": "baptized or immersed with the Holy Spirit: patriarchs, leaders, prophets, all", "9iSKf79M4c0-00113-00062682-00063120": "of them were empowered to minister to God's people in special ways, but as I", "9iSKf79M4c0-00114-00063120-00063645": "said before, this was rare, this did not happen very often. Then during the time", "9iSKf79M4c0-00115-00063645-00064423": "of Jesus' ministry Jesus himself was filled with the Holy Spirit when? Well, at", "9iSKf79M4c0-00116-00064423-00065047": "His baptism. You notice any miracles He did before His baptism? No. He began", "9iSKf79M4c0-00117-00065047-00065625": "producing the miracles after. Why? Because he received the Holy Spirit, the full", "9iSKf79M4c0-00118-00065625-00066172": "measure of it and by His presence He blessed others with manifestations of", "9iSKf79M4c0-00119-00066172-00066703": "the Holy Spirit. So His miracles showed the Spirit's power and His", "9iSKf79M4c0-00120-00066703-00067288": "teachings revealed the Spirit's work. So to answer the question, how did Jesus", "9iSKf79M4c0-00121-00067288-00067906": "immerse the people with the Spirit during His ministry? Well, He did miracles", "9iSKf79M4c0-00122-00067906-00068383": "to prove who He was. He taught them the Word of God. He filled them up with the", "9iSKf79M4c0-00123-00068383-00069112": "Word of God for several years and then for us after His resurrection, Jesus gave", "9iSKf79M4c0-00124-00069112-00069586": "the Holy Spirit in three different ways. First, He gave the Holy Spirit to His", "9iSKf79M4c0-00125-00069586-00070066": "apostles and they gave it to other disciples to empower them to do miracles", "9iSKf79M4c0-00126-00070066-00070648": "and thereby confirm that their preaching was true. Someone", "9iSKf79M4c0-00127-00070648-00070981": "comes along and he says, 'Alright, Jesus Christ the Son of God, raised from the", "9iSKf79M4c0-00128-00070981-00071374": "dead,' and people are listening,  they don't have the Word or anything,", "9iSKf79M4c0-00129-00071374-00071926": "they just got Peter or someone else, so they say, 'Well, why should we", "9iSKf79M4c0-00130-00071926-00072391": "believe you?' and Peter said, 'Well, see this person here who has been blind from", "9iSKf79M4c0-00131-00072391-00072967": "birth? Healed. Now do you believe me?' So they needed the power, the", "9iSKf79M4c0-00132-00072967-00073458": "empowering of the Spirit to do miracles, not to show off or make money or", "9iSKf79M4c0-00133-00073458-00073792": "anything like that, they needed that in order to confirm that what they were", "9iSKf79M4c0-00134-00073792-00074563": "saying was indeed from God. Another way, He gave to everyone who believed in Him", "9iSKf79M4c0-00135-00074563-00075043": "and obeyed the gospel in repentance and baptism to these He gave the Holy Spirit", "9iSKf79M4c0-00136-00075043-00075526": "to dwell within them. Now I want you to notice something very important here.", "9iSKf79M4c0-00137-00075526-00076642": "There's a difference between indwelling and empowering. Indwelling, everybody who", "9iSKf79M4c0-00138-00076642-00077068": "believes, repents, and is baptized, everybody gets the indwelling of the", "9iSKf79M4c0-00139-00077068-00077644": "Holy Spirit; but not everyone received the empowering of the Holy Spirit.", "9iSKf79M4c0-00140-00077644-00078145": "The empowering enabled individuals, first of all the apostles, to do miracles, speak", "9iSKf79M4c0-00141-00078145-00078667": "in tongues, prophesy, heal, do things like that, and at times the apostles would", "9iSKf79M4c0-00142-00078667-00079129": "confer that power to other individuals in the church by the laying on of their", "9iSKf79M4c0-00143-00079129-00079738": "hands and those individuals would then be empowered to do those miracles and so", "9iSKf79M4c0-00144-00079738-00080011": "on and so forth, but in the first century the only way", "9iSKf79M4c0-00145-00080011-00080296": "that someone could receive that empowering", "9iSKf79M4c0-00146-00080296-00080815": "was through the imposition of hands of the apostles. There is one exception, of", "9iSKf79M4c0-00147-00080815-00081502": "course, Cornelius in Acts chapter 9:10 where Cornelius and his household begins", "9iSKf79M4c0-00148-00081502-00082015": "speaking in tongues, but Peter at one point says, 'Why should we", "9iSKf79M4c0-00149-00082015-00082450": "prevent these from being baptized as they received the Spirit in", "9iSKf79M4c0-00150-00082450-00082930": "the same way we did?' What way was that? Well, He fell on them, the Spirit fell on", "9iSKf79M4c0-00151-00082930-00083305": "them, but other than that exception, the only other way people received the", "9iSKf79M4c0-00152-00083305-00083722": "empowerment in the first century was through the imposition of hands and once", "9iSKf79M4c0-00153-00083722-00084439": "the apostles died the method to transfer the power, the empowering, also died died", "9iSKf79M4c0-00154-00084439-00085159": "with them. And so the second way, of course, was the empowering of individuals.", "9iSKf79M4c0-00155-00085159-00085738": "Also after His resurrection, the Lord poured forth the Holy Spirit on the", "9iSKf79M4c0-00156-00085738-00086388": "entire world by providing the Word in the Bible and it's available to every to", "9iSKf79M4c0-00157-00086388-00086953": "everyone and so when we speak of the baptism with or the baptism in the Holy", "9iSKf79M4c0-00158-00086953-00087544": "Spirit, we're speaking of Jesus giving the Spirit to others in these different", "9iSKf79M4c0-00159-00087544-00088255": "ways during these different time periods. Some to empower to do miracles in the", "9iSKf79M4c0-00160-00088255-00088669": "first century, the indwelling of the Spirit to all believers when they", "9iSKf79M4c0-00161-00088669-00089314": "respond to the gospel, and the immersion of the world with the Word of God;", "9iSKf79M4c0-00162-00089314-00090052": "three ways that the Spirit is given. One other one other baptism", "9iSKf79M4c0-00163-00090052-00090952": "reference and that is the baptism of Jesus Himself, Mark 16:16. Of all the", "9iSKf79M4c0-00164-00090952-00091489": "baptisms mentioned, this is the one that we still do, that we must do, today and", "9iSKf79M4c0-00165-00091489-00092029": "that is the baptism of Jesus. It was authorized by Him in Matthew 28,", "9iSKf79M4c0-00166-00092029-00092605": "He said, 'Make disciples.' How? By 'baptizing them", "9iSKf79M4c0-00167-00092605-00092941": "in the name of the Father, Son, and the Holy Spirit.", "9iSKf79M4c0-00168-00092941-00093450": "It was also required by everyone who believed in His resurrection.", "9iSKf79M4c0-00169-00093450-00094080": "Peter making the very first sermon... It's so clear. How people", "9iSKf79M4c0-00170-00094080-00094617": "miss it and fight it... I mean Peter gets up, makes the very first sermon, right?", "9iSKf79M4c0-00171-00094617-00095229": "We're talking about the resurrection, and the people actually say, 'What what should", "9iSKf79M4c0-00172-00095229-00096004": "we do?' They don't say, 'What should we think?' They say, 'What should we do?' and if", "9iSKf79M4c0-00173-00096004-00096435": "there was ever an opportunity for an apostles to say something about what a", "9iSKf79M4c0-00174-00096435-00097026": "person should do to respond to God, Acts chapter 2 is it. So what does Peter say?", "9iSKf79M4c0-00175-00097026-00097566": "'Repent and be baptized in the name of Jesus for the forgiveness of your sins", "9iSKf79M4c0-00176-00097566-00098025": "and you'll receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.' Why change that? There's no", "9iSKf79M4c0-00177-00098026-00098524": "reason to change that. We're not allowed to change it. So Jesus'", "9iSKf79M4c0-00178-00098524-00099174": "baptism eliminates and supersedes all others. In other words, when Paul says in", "9iSKf79M4c0-00179-00099174-00099748": "Ephesians 4 verse 5, 'There's only one Lord, one faith, one baptism,' what he means", "9iSKf79M4c0-00180-00099748-00100210": "is there's only one. I mentioned several, right? Suffering, fire, all that", "9iSKf79M4c0-00181-00100210-00100782": "kind of thing, there's only one baptism left to practice and that's the baptism", "9iSKf79M4c0-00182-00100782-00101475": "in water for the remission of sins. So Jesus' baptism eliminates and", "9iSKf79M4c0-00183-00101475-00102322": "supersedes all others. For example, no need for Jewish purification rites, the", "9iSKf79M4c0-00184-00102322-00102847": "blood of Christ purifies and we come into contact with that blood at baptism", "9iSKf79M4c0-00185-00102847-00103498": "Romans 6:3. John's baptism, well, it's been fulfilled; he says, 'Be baptized,", "9iSKf79M4c0-00186-00103498-00104139": "the kingdom is coming.' Well, the kingdom's here, the King has come. The", "9iSKf79M4c0-00187-00104139-00104526": "baptism of suffering has been accomplished. Who accomplished it? Well", "9iSKf79M4c0-00188-00104526-00105078": "Christ. He's gone, He's accomplished the baptism of suffering, He suffered and", "9iSKf79M4c0-00189-00105078-00105601": "died on the cross. The baptism of fire is an expression of judgment and", "9iSKf79M4c0-00190-00105601-00106113": "not a command to be obeyed. Nobody has to respond to the baptism", "9iSKf79M4c0-00191-00106113-00106624": "of fire, it's just an expression talking about judgment. And then the", "9iSKf79M4c0-00192-00106624-00106945": "baptism with the Holy Spirit has been given to the", "9iSKf79M4c0-00193-00106945-00107484": "apostles and made available to everyone in the world through the gospel. Someone", "9iSKf79M4c0-00194-00107484-00107934": "says, 'I want to have the Spirit.' What do I say to him? Well, 'Repent be baptized in", "9iSKf79M4c0-00195-00107934-00108283": "the name of Jesus,' that's how you get it. So the only", "9iSKf79M4c0-00196-00108283-00108820": "baptism left to be preached, practiced, is the baptism commanded by Jesus, practiced", "9iSKf79M4c0-00197-00108820-00109315": "by the Apostles, recorded in the Word. Baptism in water by immersion for the", "9iSKf79M4c0-00198-00109315-00109765": "forgiveness of sins and the indwelling of the Holy Spirit. And so in our brief", "9iSKf79M4c0-00199-00109765-00110235": "review we've looked at the various meanings of baptism that both Jesus and", "9iSKf79M4c0-00200-00110235-00110610": "Christians had at that time. And I think for this audience right here, I", "9iSKf79M4c0-00201-00110610-00111078": "haven't said anything that's very new,  but if someone is reading John", "9iSKf79M4c0-00202-00111078-00111448": "and just looking at those terms I wanted to make sure we could kind of put the", "9iSKf79M4c0-00203-00111448-00111930": "proper terms in the proper context because the Bible does mention by", "9iSKf79M4c0-00204-00111930-00112489": "baptism many times and I want us to understand. We've also looked at Jesus'", "9iSKf79M4c0-00205-00112489-00112975": "commands concerning baptism, the one that He wants His disciples to receive, the", "9iSKf79M4c0-00206-00112975-00113452": "manner of it, what occurs spiritually. That's what I do when I baptize someone,", "9iSKf79M4c0-00207-00113452-00113998": "you ever wonder someone that wants to be baptized...", "9iSKf79M4c0-00208-00113998-00114382": "your friend, your wife, your cousin, your child or something, and you", "9iSKf79M4c0-00209-00114382-00114721": "come to me and I would say, 'Well, I need to talk to them first.' You ever wonder", "9iSKf79M4c0-00210-00114721-00115242": "what I talk to them about? I ask them what one question. What's going to happen", "9iSKf79M4c0-00211-00115242-00115678": "here? Aside from you going down in the water, what's going to happen here? And", "9iSKf79M4c0-00212-00115678-00116103": "based on that tells me if  they're ready or not. When they say, 'Well,", "9iSKf79M4c0-00213-00116103-00116655": "my sins are gonna be forgiven,' OK, or, 'Well, I want the Holy Spirit.' Well, great.", "9iSKf79M4c0-00214-00116655-00117076": "'I want to obey Jesus.' That's a good reason. You know what I'm saying? I want to find", "9iSKf79M4c0-00215-00117076-00117429": "out what are they thinking when they're going down in that water and I want to", "9iSKf79M4c0-00216-00117429-00117832": "give them as many reasons that the Bible gives because", "9iSKf79M4c0-00217-00117832-00118249": "there are a lot of reasons: to obey, for forgiveness of sins, to put on", "9iSKf79M4c0-00218-00118249-00118669": "Christ, to receive the Spirit, to be buried with Christ, to have the new", "9iSKf79M4c0-00219-00118669-00119149": "life, to go to heaven. So you can give a lot of biblical reasons for", "9iSKf79M4c0-00220-00119149-00119527": "baptism and usually I want to find out how many of those reasons the individual", "9iSKf79M4c0-00221-00119527-00120149": "has and maybe add a couple more so that their experience will be fulfilling and", "9iSKf79M4c0-00222-00120149-00120620": "and encouraging. So we can close this little sub file here and get back", "9iSKf79M4c0-00223-00120620-00121102": "to our main passage where John says that Jesus and His disciples were preaching", "9iSKf79M4c0-00224-00121102-00121514": "and baptizing in the area where John the Baptist and his disciples were during", "9iSKf79M4c0-00225-00121514-00122075": "that time. Now not to confuse you, but which baptism was Jesus preaching at", "9iSKf79M4c0-00226-00122075-00122584": "this time? Well, he was preaching the baptism of John the Baptist to prepare", "9iSKf79M4c0-00227-00122584-00123083": "for the coming, obviously because he had not yet completed his mission. So John", "9iSKf79M4c0-00228-00123083-00123620": "and Jesus preaching kind of the same thing here. Only after Jesus' death and", "9iSKf79M4c0-00229-00123620-00124216": "resurrection did He command to baptize in His name for the reception of the", "9iSKf79M4c0-00230-00124216-00124708": "Holy Spirit. That's not what He was preaching while John was still alive.", "9iSKf79M4c0-00231-00124708-00125728": "So let's go to back to the text, verse 23 says the following, it says, \"John", "9iSKf79M4c0-00232-00125728-00126202": "also was baptizing in Aenon near Salim, because there was much water there; and", "9iSKf79M4c0-00233-00126202-00126572": "people were coming and were being baptized --- for John had not yet been", "9iSKf79M4c0-00234-00126572-00126983": "thrown into prison. Therefore there arose a discussion on", "9iSKf79M4c0-00235-00126983-00127496": "the part of John's disciples with a Jew about purification.\" See what I'm saying?", "9iSKf79M4c0-00236-00127496-00128096": "Purification there. \"And they came to John and said to him, 'Rabbi, He who was with", "9iSKf79M4c0-00237-00128096-00128582": "you beyond the Jordan, to whom you have testified, behold, He is baptizing and all", "9iSKf79M4c0-00238-00128582-00129395": "are coming to Him.'\" So if you know and saw how dry and rocky most of the land is in", "9iSKf79M4c0-00239-00129395-00129872": "that area, you would realize how special a place with a lot of water is for", "9iSKf79M4c0-00240-00129872-00130346": "someone whose ministry is baptizing people. We also note that there begins to", "9iSKf79M4c0-00241-00130346-00130927": "be some confusion among John the Baptist's disciples. Note that it was a", "9iSKf79M4c0-00242-00130927-00131687": "Jew who is the center of the dispute, and the term Jew when it's used here is used", "9iSKf79M4c0-00243-00131687-00132284": "to describe Jesus' enemies, it wasn't a cultural reference. The Jews were His", "9iSKf79M4c0-00244-00132284-00132746": "enemies, those in positions of power that were against Him, many times", "9iSKf79M4c0-00245-00132746-00133378": "the apostles would refer to them as the Jews.", "9iSKf79M4c0-00246-00133378-00133861": "John's disciples note that a comment was made as to which baptism was superior.", "9iSKf79M4c0-00247-00133861-00134377": "Who do you think started this debate about it? Well, whose baptism is better?", "9iSKf79M4c0-00248-00134377-00134929": "Well, the Jews. Some guy walked in and said, 'Well, why should we have your", "9iSKf79M4c0-00249-00134929-00135364": "baptism? This Jesus' over He's baptizing too, which one should we get?", "9iSKf79M4c0-00250-00135364-00136084": "Which one is better?' Stir it up. Stir it up. So they go to John", "9iSKf79M4c0-00251-00136084-00136516": "to settle the matter. Now we can read of their disappointment at seeing their", "9iSKf79M4c0-00252-00136516-00136930": "numbers starting to grow smaller. They were with John, but had they really", "9iSKf79M4c0-00253-00136930-00137494": "understood his message? A lot of times immature disciples confuse", "9iSKf79M4c0-00254-00137494-00137965": "faithfulness with party spirit, not the same thing, you know fan loyalty.", "9iSKf79M4c0-00255-00137965-00138588": "That's not faith. Note again the two strands of belief; those who were coming", "9iSKf79M4c0-00256-00138589-00139050": "to be baptized, those are the ones who believe, and disbelief, the", "9iSKf79M4c0-00257-00139051-00139663": "Jew, the Jew who came and caused the dispute. Both narratives kind of matched", "9iSKf79M4c0-00258-00139663-00140215": "together in the same story. So John is going to answer his disciples question", "9iSKf79M4c0-00259-00140215-00140674": "and in doing so, he's going to give his final witness of faith. So let's read", "9iSKf79M4c0-00260-00140674-00141298": "verse 27 and 28. He says, \"John answered and said, 'A man can receive nothing", "9iSKf79M4c0-00261-00141298-00141826": "unless it has been given him from from heaven. You yourselves are my witnesses", "9iSKf79M4c0-00262-00141826-00142504": "that I said, 'I am not the Christ,' but, 'I have been sent ahead of Him.'\" So first he", "9iSKf79M4c0-00263-00142504-00142948": "makes a general statement saying that everything that you have including", "9iSKf79M4c0-00264-00142948-00143473": "ministry comes from God. We often say, 'Well, my", "9iSKf79M4c0-00265-00143473-00143848": "house, God gave me my house and my kids; nobody giving you your job, your", "9iSKf79M4c0-00266-00143848-00144412": "health, your skills, it all comes from God and so the point is this should", "9iSKf79M4c0-00267-00144412-00144877": "make us pay attention and be good stewards and not be proud because if all", "9iSKf79M4c0-00268-00144877-00145450": "comes from Him, well, it can all be taken away too. We rejoice when", "9iSKf79M4c0-00269-00145450-00145771": "when we get stuff, but then when we lose stuff we sometimes get angry,", "9iSKf79M4c0-00270-00145771-00146374": "disappointed, why? It was given to us, now it's taken away. So John, this is", "9iSKf79M4c0-00271-00146374-00146620": "John's attitude, 'I've been given a ministry,", "9iSKf79M4c0-00272-00146620-00147066": "and now that ministry is diminishing. Why should I be upset? Why should I be", "9iSKf79M4c0-00273-00147066-00147552": "jealous? I didn't do anything to get the ministry, it was given to me and so now", "9iSKf79M4c0-00274-00147552-00148110": "it's going away from me.' So John makes a specific", "9iSKf79M4c0-00275-00148110-00148723": "statement concerning his own unique role. He repeats and confirms what his role", "9iSKf79M4c0-00276-00148723-00149280": "was: to be a forerunner, one who would prepare the way for Jesus. His ministry", "9iSKf79M4c0-00277-00149280-00149758": "was the culmination of all the prophecy and history of the Jewish nation", "9iSKf79M4c0-00278-00149758-00150435": "contained in the Old Testament,  a pretty, pretty lofty ministry. John knew", "9iSKf79M4c0-00279-00150435-00150999": "this and he carried out the task given to him by God. So let's keep reading", "9iSKf79M4c0-00280-00150999-00151873": "verse 29 and 30 it says, \"He who has the bride is the bridegroom; but", "9iSKf79M4c0-00281-00151873-00152272": "the friend of the bridegroom who stands and hears him, rejoices greatly because", "9iSKf79M4c0-00282-00152272-00152853": "of the bridegroom's voice. So this joy of mine has been made full. He must increase,", "9iSKf79M4c0-00283-00152853-00153510": "but John says, \"I must decrease.\" So he's satisfied that he has both", "9iSKf79M4c0-00284-00153510-00153919": "understood correctly and accomplished his ministry, 'I've done what I was told", "9iSKf79M4c0-00285-00153919-00154446": "to do,' he said. Isn't that wonderful when you fulfill what you're supposed to do?", "9iSKf79M4c0-00286-00154446-00154962": "Younger people that need counseling, many times one of their main", "9iSKf79M4c0-00287-00154962-00155289": "questions, 'What am I gonna do with my life? I don't know what to do. What should", "9iSKf79M4c0-00288-00155289-00155754": "I study? Well, what course should I take?' Should they? They're not sure. It's", "9iSKf79M4c0-00289-00155754-00156066": "a great burden to them and then there's great joy when they finally", "9iSKf79M4c0-00290-00156066-00156607": "figure out, 'Oh. I was meant to do this,' and that happens sometimes several times in", "9iSKf79M4c0-00291-00156607-00156987": "our lives, not just when we're 18 or 19 going to college, it happens", "9iSKf79M4c0-00292-00156987-00157410": "when we're on our 30s, it happens again sometimes when we reach kind of middle", "9iSKf79M4c0-00293-00157410-00157815": "age. We were kind of looking at the past. We know we don't have as many", "9iSKf79M4c0-00294-00157815-00158205": "options for the future. So we go through this crisis several times in our", "9iSKf79M4c0-00295-00158205-00158758": "lives. So John he's been through the crisis. 'I know what my mission is and", "9iSKf79M4c0-00296-00158758-00159165": "even now it's coming to an end, how can I be upset? This is", "9iSKf79M4c0-00297-00159165-00159894": "what I was born to do and I'm doing it.' So he's satisfied that he's", "9iSKf79M4c0-00298-00159894-00160449": "understood and accomplished his ministry and he compares it to the role of the", "9iSKf79M4c0-00299-00160449-00160841": "best man at a wedding who's very busy before the big day,", "9iSKf79M4c0-00300-00160841-00161394": "but once the wedding day arrives his role diminishes; he's the best man, he's", "9iSKf79M4c0-00301-00161394-00161844": "not he's not the groom. So we see John's humble attitude and accepting his", "9iSKf79M4c0-00302-00161844-00162569": "decreasing role and Jesus is  constantly increasing and primary role.", "9iSKf79M4c0-00303-00162569-00163182": "Now humility is not speaking softly or having no opinion, some people", "9iSKf79M4c0-00304-00163182-00163578": "say, 'Oh, he's very humble. He never says anything. He has no opinion,'", "9iSKf79M4c0-00305-00163578-00163932": "that's not humble, that may be something, I don't know what, but", "9iSKf79M4c0-00306-00163932-00164649": "that's not necessarily being humble. Humility is allowing God's will to be", "9iSKf79M4c0-00307-00164649-00165384": "done in your life instead of your own that's humility and usually allowing", "9iSKf79M4c0-00308-00165384-00166175": "God's will to be done in your life with the minimum of whining. I", "9iSKf79M4c0-00309-00166175-00166587": "remember in an office I worked in once there was a huge, like a button,", "9iSKf79M4c0-00310-00166587-00167088": "that you put, like for elections or stuff like big black button", "9iSKf79M4c0-00311-00167088-00167574": "and it was a circle with a line through it and it was 'Whining,' and it was like a", "9iSKf79M4c0-00312-00167574-00168249": "an office motto. No whining in this office. We can do", "9iSKf79M4c0-00313-00168249-00168728": "whatever else, but we don't want anybody to be whiners. Well, that's what humility", "9iSKf79M4c0-00314-00168728-00169332": "is, no whining. So we also note his joy at seeing God's", "9iSKf79M4c0-00315-00169332-00169860": "will fulfilled in Jesus' coming. So John testifies that what is happening, he", "9iSKf79M4c0-00316-00169860-00170388": "is decreasing and Jesus is increasing, was in God's plan and he was happy that", "9iSKf79M4c0-00317-00170388-00171041": "it was happening and so he makes a witness concerning", "9iSKf79M4c0-00318-00171041-00171578": "Jesus. John is still talking to his disciples, he ends his comments with a", "9iSKf79M4c0-00319-00171578-00172002": "final testimony about the Lord and in this he will answer three questions", "9iSKf79M4c0-00320-00172002-00172503": "about Jesus that haven't been asked, but they kind of hang there in the air as", "9iSKf79M4c0-00321-00172503-00172968": "his ministry and as the Lord's ministry increases.", "9iSKf79M4c0-00322-00172968-00173676": "First of all, why he must decrease and Jesus must increase. He says, \"He who comes", "9iSKf79M4c0-00323-00173676-00174180": "from above is above all, and he who is of the earth is from the earth and speaks", "9iSKf79M4c0-00324-00174180-00174801": "of the earth. He who comes from heaven is above all.\" So the reason will become", "9iSKf79M4c0-00325-00174801-00175320": "quite evident. John the Baptist he's from below, he's human, he's like all men and", "9iSKf79M4c0-00326-00175320-00175905": "Jesus is from above, He's the God/Man, He's the greatest of all. So it's only", "9iSKf79M4c0-00327-00175905-00176454": "natural that this progression take place, that the ordinary man decreases and the", "9iSKf79M4c0-00328-00176454-00177225": "God/Man increases. Verse 32, he says, \"What He has seen and heard, of that", "9iSKf79M4c0-00329-00177225-00177816": "He testifies; and no one receives His testimony.\" And so the next question is", "9iSKf79M4c0-00330-00177816-00178431": "how will the people react to Jesus? And John says, 'They're not going to accept", "9iSKf79M4c0-00331-00178431-00179058": "them, Jesus will speak God's truth, but men, for the most part, will not believe", "9iSKf79M4c0-00332-00179058-00179621": "and considering Jesus' teaching, His pure life, His miracles, His resurrection,", "9iSKf79M4c0-00333-00179621-00180303": "disbelieving is the greatest sin. We often think murder or adultery", "9iSKf79M4c0-00334-00180303-00180948": "or whatever, embezzlement, cheating, we see these", "9iSKf79M4c0-00335-00180948-00181350": "whenever talk about the big sins, I've even said it in sermons, 'You", "9iSKf79M4c0-00336-00181350-00181863": "know the big sins like murder and those are the big sins, but", "9iSKf79M4c0-00337-00181863-00182421": "the really big sin is disbelief because that's the sin that will condemn", "9iSKf79M4c0-00338-00182421-00182981": "people, because we're all sinners in one way or another, we sin", "9iSKf79M4c0-00339-00182981-00183564": "morally and ethically, we sin, we sin, we sin, but disbelieving is the sin that", "9iSKf79M4c0-00340-00183564-00184455": "kills the soul. So it's quite a judgement that John is making here. John's point", "9iSKf79M4c0-00341-00184455-00185283": "is that condemnation will be deserved seeing that such a great witness.", "9iSKf79M4c0-00342-00185283-00185697": "It's as if God is saying, 'Is there something more I could have done to", "9iSKf79M4c0-00343-00185697-00186121": "convince you; that a man is murdered in front of your", "9iSKf79M4c0-00344-00186121-00186424": "very eyes and buried and then comes back to life?", "9iSKf79M4c0-00345-00186424-00186877": "Never mind the miracles, the teaching the insight, just that, is there any other", "9iSKf79M4c0-00346-00186877-00187404": "thing I could have shown you that could have convinced you even more?' And then", "9iSKf79M4c0-00347-00187404-00187975": "the third question, did everybody disbelieve? Is that", "9iSKf79M4c0-00348-00187975-00188676": "going to happen? In verse 33 he says, \"He who has received His testimony has set his", "9iSKf79M4c0-00349-00188676-00189202": "seal to this, that God is true. For He whom God has sent speaks the words of", "9iSKf79M4c0-00350-00189202-00189739": "God; for He gives the Spirit without measure. The Father loves the Son and has", "9iSKf79M4c0-00351-00189739-00190266": "given all things into His hand. He who believes in the Son has eternal life; but", "9iSKf79M4c0-00352-00190266-00190902": "he who does not obey the Son will not see life, but the wrath of God abides on", "9iSKf79M4c0-00353-00190902-00191556": "him.\" So John the Baptist concludes by saying that not everybody disbelieved,", "9iSKf79M4c0-00354-00191556-00192163": "not everybody. Those who did believe in Jesus' words however we're literally", "9iSKf79M4c0-00355-00192163-00192646": "saying that God really is if you believe in Jesus you're saying, 'There is a God,", "9iSKf79M4c0-00356-00192646-00193589": "we've seen Him.' Now the word true in the Greek here means 'manifest or unconcealed,'", "9iSKf79M4c0-00357-00193589-00194212": "and they know this about God from Jesus Christ because He comes and speaks from", "9iSKf79M4c0-00358-00194212-00194824": "God. The only way to acknowledge God is to acknowledge Jesus Christ. To deny", "9iSKf79M4c0-00359-00194824-00195291": "Christ is to deny God and it doesn't matter how fancy your worship is and how", "9iSKf79M4c0-00360-00195291-00195840": "much your zeal is or how many people follow your idea, John is saying if you", "9iSKf79M4c0-00361-00195840-00196239": "don't acknowledge Christ, then you you you're not going to acknowledge God in", "9iSKf79M4c0-00362-00196239-00197023": "any other way. So one's eternal destiny was decided by how one", "9iSKf79M4c0-00363-00197023-00197695": "responded to Christ. Heavy heavy words. So John the Baptist", "9iSKf79M4c0-00364-00197695-00198105": "believed this about Christ and the witness he is making to his disciples is", "9iSKf79M4c0-00365-00198105-00198705": "done so they'll believe and follow Jesus; he's sending them over to Jesus. They're", "9iSKf79M4c0-00366-00198705-00199183": "saying, 'Why is our ministry decreasing?' And he", "9iSKf79M4c0-00367-00199183-00199684": "explains why and then the coup de gras he says, 'So therefore don't be", "9iSKf79M4c0-00368-00199684-00200245": "afraid to leave me, this is the way that it's supposed to be.' And", "9iSKf79M4c0-00369-00200245-00200856": "then we get the epilogue, chapter four, it says, \"Therefore when the Lord knew that", "9iSKf79M4c0-00370-00200856-00201270": "the Pharisees had heard that Jesus was making and baptizing more disciples than", "9iSKf79M4c0-00371-00201270-00201758": "John,\" and here's the little note here, \"(although Jesus Himself was not baptizing,", "9iSKf79M4c0-00372-00201758-00202390": "but His disciples were), He left Judea and went away again into", "9iSKf79M4c0-00373-00202390-00202917": "Galilee.\" And so we that the verses,", "9iSKf79M4c0-00374-00202917-00203347": "the chapters and verses, they were not in the original manuscripts, chapters and", "9iSKf79M4c0-00375-00203347-00203788": "verses were added many many years later, and some of them are kind of awkward", "9iSKf79M4c0-00376-00203788-00204354": "divisions, they kind of just stop. Chapters 4:1-3 is really a bridge", "9iSKf79M4c0-00377-00204354-00204819": "between what happened in Judea with John's disciples and then Jesus leaving", "9iSKf79M4c0-00378-00204819-00205410": "the area to return to His home area in the North around Galilee. Note that", "9iSKf79M4c0-00379-00205410-00205882": "what moves Him to change locations is the news that the Pharisees have taken a", "9iSKf79M4c0-00380-00205882-00206541": "greater interest in Him as His ministry grows. That's not a good thing. They were", "9iSKf79M4c0-00381-00206541-00207192": "to become His fiercest critics and enemies, but He doesn't want a", "9iSKf79M4c0-00382-00207192-00207642": "confrontation, not right away. So He leaves for the friendlier and more quiet", "9iSKf79M4c0-00383-00207642-00208321": "surroundings of His home in Galilee. So this ends a section where we observe", "9iSKf79M4c0-00384-00208321-00208869": "many descriptions of people who believe, for example, John the Baptist and many of", "9iSKf79M4c0-00385-00208869-00209442": "His disciples, as well as those who disbelieve, some of John's disciples of", "9iSKf79M4c0-00386-00209442-00210064": "course, the Jew that he talks about who created the discourse, and the Pharisees.", "9iSKf79M4c0-00387-00210064-00210514": "Now in our next lesson we're going to get back to seeing Jesus through His", "9iSKf79M4c0-00388-00210514-00211075": "teaching and miracles, we're gonna get a fresh presentation of Jesus the", "9iSKf79M4c0-00389-00211075-00211630": "God/Man as we continue to work our way line by line, verse by verse, through the", "9iSKf79M4c0-00390-00211630-00212423": "great Gospel of John. Alright that's a lesson for today. Thank you for your attention."}}, {"audio_id": "9jIsEJE1LIU", "text": {"9jIsEJE1LIU-00000-00000000-00000324": "Ok, let's start by drawing the Earth.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00001-00000324-00000669": "Now that we've got the Earth,", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00002-00000669-00001179": "let's divide the Earth into two equal parts. We're going to call the the north part of", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00003-00001179-00001587": "the planet the northern hemisphere and we're going to call the south part of", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00004-00001587-00002175": "the planet the southern hemisphere, and that dividing line which divided the", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00005-00002175-00002418": "northern hemisphere from the southern hemisphere", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00006-00002418-00003075": "we're going to call the Equator. Equator for \"equa\" being equal.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00007-00003165-00003801": "We're also going to define the Equator at zero degrees of latitude and so the", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00008-00003801-00004293": "term latitude is the term that we're going to use for north and south.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00009-00004346-00004896": "Now let's say that we wanted to determine what the latitude was of the North Pole.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00010-00004896-00005325": "The North Pole of course is the northernmost part of the planet.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00011-00005325-00005807": "All we need to do to figure this out is draw an imaginary line from the North", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00012-00005807-00006273": "Pole to the center of the planet and then from the center of the planet we're", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00013-00006273-00006573": "going to draw a line to the edge of the Equator.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00014-00006647-00006954": "You'll notice that we've just made a 90 degree angle", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00015-00007031-00007784": "therefore the North Pole is simply located in 90 degrees north latitude or", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00016-00007784-00008274": "the North Pole is 90 degrees north of the Equator.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00017-00008354-00008871": "We can do the same thing down here in the southern hemisphere. Here at the", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00018-00008871-00008964": "South Pole", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00019-00008964-00009404": "we're going to draw an imaginary line from it to the center of the planet and", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00020-00009404-00009750": "we draw an imaginary line from the center of the planted to the edge of the", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00021-00009750-00009846": "Equator.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00022-00009846-00010146": "once again we've created a 90 degree angle", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00023-00010206-00010995": "therefore we know that the South Pole is 90 degrees south latitude or 90 degrees", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00024-00010995-00011613": "south of the Equator or south of 0. Now that say we wanted to figure out where", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00025-00011613-00011892": "San Diego California was located.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00026-00011892-00012204": "Well we know the San Diego is right about here.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00027-00012204-00012720": "Well what does right about here mean? We're 32 degrees north latitude", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00028-00012819-00013256": "Wo what exactly does that mean? That means if you were to draw an imaginary", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00029-00013256-00013335": "line", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00030-00013335-00013827": "from the center of the planet to San Diego and another imaginary line from", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00031-00013827-00014100": "the center of the planet to the edge of the Equator", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00032-00014100-00014427": "that angle is going to be 32 degrees.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00033-00014516-00015168": "So in essence San Diego, California is 32 degrees north of the Equator which makes", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00034-00015168-00015393": "it 32 degrees north latitude.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00035-00015393-00015797": "We can also do this in the southern hemisphere. If there is a point right", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00036-00015797-00016104": "here that say around 32 degrees south latitude", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00037-00016209-00016842": "we know that that position is 32 degrees south of the Equator, and a good example", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00038-00016842-00017157": "of that would be a place like Sydney, Australia.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00039-00017157-00017619": "Now here's a question for you. Is 32 degrees north latitude", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00040-00017724-00018372": "San Diego only or other other places on the planet which are also located at 32", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00041-00018372-00018534": "degrees north latitude?", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00042-00018534-00018858": "Well the answer is obvious. Yes, I mean what about over here?", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00043-00018921-00019458": "This place is 32 degrees north of the Equator so it too has to be 32 degrees", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00044-00019458-00019896": "north latitude and what about here and here and here and here", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00045-00019950-00020475": "as a matter of fact along this entire line you're at 32 degrees north latitude.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00046-00020475-00020883": "And the same is going to be true down here in the southern hemisphere all", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00047-00020883-00021012": "along this line,", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00048-00021012-00021345": "you're going to be at 32 degrees south latitude.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00049-00021345-00021651": "Well what about somebody who's up here at maybe 60 degrees north latitude?", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00050-00021741-00022080": "They're not the only ones. This is 60", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00051-00022080-00022665": "this is 60 this is 60. So this entire line also represents 60 degrees north", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00052-00022665-00023139": "latitude. And we can play this game across the entire planet. And you'll", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00053-00023139-00023664": "notice that all of these lines that we're drawing -- all of these latitudinal lines --", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00054-00023664-00023835": "are parallel to one another.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00055-00023835-00024225": "Therefore we can also call these lines \"parallels\".", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00056-00024225-00024732": "So now the term \"latitude\" and \"parallel\" are used rather interchangeably.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00057-00024732-00025281": "San Diego, California is located at 32 degrees north latitude and it's also", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00058-00025281-00025542": "located on the 32nd parallel.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00059-00025542-00026198": "Now here's my question for you. How do we know that San Diego, California is", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00060-00026198-00026518": "located at 32 degrees north latitude?", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00061-00026518-00027066": "Other than me telling you it's true and other than us using, for example, a GPS -- a", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00062-00027066-00027363": "global positioning system -- to verify it", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00063-00027363-00027963": "how in essence do we know that we are at 32 degrees north latitude? Well, there's", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00064-00027963-00028261": "a rather simple way to do this.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00065-00028261-00028681": "Let's draw the Earth again and this time", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00066-00028752-00029269": "that's really concentrate on the North Pole, and let's put somebody up at the North", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00067-00029269-00029335": "Pole", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00068-00029335-00029866": "oh I don't know this call them Santa Claus. So here's Santa Claus up at the", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00069-00029866-00029977": "North Pole.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00070-00029977-00030603": "If Santa Claus were to look straight up in the sky and it's night time he would", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00071-00030603-00031138": "see a North Star. And it's called the north star because there's going to be a", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00072-00031138-00031569": "star that's above north geographic pole, and it's always going to be above north", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00073-00031569-00031705": "geographic pole.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00074-00031705-00032494": "In fact, that star today is called Polaris and so Polaris is the north celestial", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00075-00032494-00032611": "pole star.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00076-00032611-00033100": "Now if Santa Claus looked straight up he'll see Polaris. And during the course", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00077-00033100-00033400": "of the day as the Earth rotates on its axis", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00078-00033484-00033925": "Polaris is still going to be up and Polaris isn't going to move, at least not", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00079-00033925-00034038": "to him.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00080-00034038-00034600": "However if there's a star here and a star here and a star here and a star", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00081-00034600-00035161": "here all of those stars will appear to move in the nighttime sky, and the reason,", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00082-00035161-00035647": "of course, is Earth is rotating on its axis and it's going to make one complete", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00083-00035647-00035983": "rotation in the time span of 24 hours.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00084-00035983-00036493": "So during the course of the evening the Stars will appear to rise in the east", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00085-00036493-00036880": "and set in the west and they'll be doing this type of movement:", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00086-00036952-00037396": "nice circular movement in the sky but again it's not the stars moving, rather", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00087-00037396-00037872": "it's the Earth rotating on its axis giving the appearance of the stars moving.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00088-00037872-00038472": "Now all the stars are going to do this except for one star and that one star is", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00089-00038472-00038986": "the north celestial pole star and the reason why it does not appear to move is", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00090-00038986-00039522": "because the north celestial pole star is on Earth's axis of rotation. So here's", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00091-00039522-00039852": "the axis of rotation. Earth is rotating", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00092-00039852-00040314": "on this axis and because Polaris is right on the axis", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00093-00040314-00040851": "it's not going to appear to move. Now because of this we can actually use", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00094-00040851-00041367": "Polaris to determine our latitude in a position on planet Earth, and here's how", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00095-00041367-00041532": "it works.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00096-00041532-00041958": "So this person looks straight up. Now according to Santa Claus here", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00097-00041958-00042975": "Polaris is going to make an angle of 90 degrees with his horizon and so your", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00098-00042975-00043698": "horizon is your point that extends outward that you see on the edge.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00099-00043698-00044160": "So for example if you go see a sunset and you're looking out to the Pacific", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00100-00044160-00044811": "Ocean and the Sun appears to set and it goes below the ocean that oceanic plane", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00101-00044811-00045456": "is basically our horizon and the point directly above our head is called \"zenith\".", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00102-00045456-00045777": "So for the person standing on the North Pole,", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00103-00045777-00046428": "Polaris is located at zenith, and Polaris therefore makes an angle of 90 degrees", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00104-00046428-00046596": "with horizon.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00105-00046596-00047161": "Therefore we know that North Pole is located at 90 degrees north latitude.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00106-00047268-00047880": "So basically your latitude is simply how many degrees that the north celestial", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00107-00047880-00048507": "pole star makes with your horizon. In the case here of San Diego", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00108-00048507-00048951": "we know we're at 32 degrees north latitude but how do we really know that", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00109-00048951-00049299": "we're at 32 degrees north latitude? Well let's draw a picture here", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00110-00049299-00049809": "here's our zenith point, which is the point directly above our head.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00111-00049809-00050760": "Here is our horizon line and here is Polaris. And we will note that Polaris", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00112-00050760-00051708": "makes an angle of 32 degrees north of that horizon. Makes sense? Now we can play", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00113-00051708-00051903": "this game all over the world.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00114-00051903-00052419": "Here's somebody standing at the Equator. And for someone standing at the Equator", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00115-00052482-00052788": "Polaris is going to be right on their horizon.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00116-00052869-00053194": "So basically Polaris makes an", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00117-00053194-00053766": "angle of zero degrees relative to that person's horizon, and that's exactly what", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00118-00053766-00053914": "we're seeing here.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00119-00053914-00054319": "Now here's a question for you. What if you're down here in the southern", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00120-00054319-00054403": "hemisphere?", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00121-00054403-00055003": "Can you use Polaris to determine your point of latitude? And the answer of", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00122-00055003-00055486": "course is no because the second that you go beneath the Equator or at least really", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00123-00055486-00055624": "close to it,", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00124-00055624-00056062": "Polaris is now below your horizon and you're unable to see it.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00125-00056062-00056416": "So for someone standing here in the southern hemisphere they can't use Polaris", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00126-00056416-00056611": "as their point of reference.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00127-00056611-00057079": "Rather they're going to have to use the South celestial pole star, right? And", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00128-00057079-00057622": "that's going to be down here beneath the South Pole. Make sense?", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00129-00057622-00058135": "Now let's clear this out and let's summarize this one more time and try to", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00130-00058135-00058507": "make it clearer on the picture. So here's Earth,", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00131-00058585-00059347": "here's the Equator at zero degrees. For someone standing right here on the North", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00132-00059347-00059425": "Pole,", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00133-00059425-00060157": "here's the north celestial pole star, and their horizon makes an angle of 90", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00134-00060157-00060729": "degrees relative to the north celestial pole star. As this person continues south,", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00135-00060729-00061029": "continue means starts walking southbound,", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00136-00061087-00062062": "you'll notice that as they do the pole star gets lower and lower in their sky.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00137-00062119-00062665": "So again you start at 90 degrees, you start walking south,", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00138-00062665-00063037": "you're going to smaller and smaller numbers until inevitably you hit zero", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00139-00063037-00063535": "and then beyond 0 the north celestial pole star will be below your horizon,", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00140-00063535-00064104": "you're unable to see it. Right? So here's my question for you. If I took you out, in the", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00141-00064183-00064504": "middle of the night and I said okay you guys", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00142-00064504-00064978": "you're grade depends on this. Tell me what our latitude is? And by the way,", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00143-00064978-00065442": "we're not going to be in San Diego. I'm gonna throw you in a car, in a bus, in a", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00144-00065442-00065911": "boat, on a plane. We're just going to go somewhere random. The only promise to you", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00145-00065911-00066202": "I'll make is that we'll stick to the northern hemisphere.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00146-00066202-00066535": "Would you be able to find your latitude?", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00147-00066535-00067114": "This is a daunting question. You could say, \"Okay Professor Yanow, all I need to", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00148-00067114-00067426": "do is find Polaris and then if I find Polaris", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00149-00067507-00067978": "I'm gonna figure it out.\"  And, by the way there's a really cool way to determine", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00150-00067978-00068350": "angle and you can just simply use your fist. You don't in fact have to", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00151-00068350-00068857": "use a sextant. For example let's say you're standing outside and here's your", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00152-00068857-00069157": "horizon and let's say that there's a star right here.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00153-00069247-00069520": "First of all what we're going to do is the following, we're going to count", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00154-00069520-00070729": "knuckles or fist i should say, one, and start putting hand over hand 123456789.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00155-00070807-00071146": "So for me when I go hand over hand", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00156-00071146-00071740": "it takes me about nine complete fists to go from here to there.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00157-00071740-00072208": "Well I know that that angle is 90 degrees so 90 divided by 9 is 10 degrees,", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00158-00072274-00072736": "therefore if I see Polaris in the sky and I start here for my southern horizon", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00159-00072736-00073339": "and I start counting upward then i can actually determine what the angle is of", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00160-00073339-00073570": "that star above my horizon", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00161-00073570-00073972": "by just simply counting the number of knuckle, excuse me, the number of fists that I", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00162-00073972-00074059": "have.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00163-00074059-00074452": "It's not like super super accurate but it's better than nothing and I could", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00164-00074452-00074737": "probably round up or down to the half.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00165-00074737-00075400": "So if we're at 32 degrees I can probably guesstimate 35 or to 30 pretty easily if I", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00166-00075400-00075550": "can find Polaris.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00167-00075550-00075940": "But the question now becomes, again, how do you find Polaris?", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00168-00076009-00076576": "Contrary to popular belief, Polaris is not the brightest star in the sky, in", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00169-00076576-00076996": "fact it's relatively dim and so in order for you to find it we need to come up", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00170-00076996-00077272": "with a clever way to figure this out.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00171-00077272-00078082": "Well here's how we're gonna do it. Polaris is the tale of a tiny asterism", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00172-00078082-00078352": "called the Little Dipper.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00173-00078352-00078748": "Now the Little Dipper is called the Little Dipper because it looks like a", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00174-00078748-00078940": "little spoon in the sky.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00175-00078940-00079291": "The Little Dipper is an asterism which is actually a component of a", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00176-00079291-00079876": "constellation and this little dipper is connected to Ursa Minor which is", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00177-00079876-00080338": "called the \"little bear\". So the Little Dipper is part of the little bear.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00178-00080338-00080869": "Now if you can look up in the sky and if you could find this tiny little spoon in", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00179-00080869-00080956": "the sky", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00180-00080956-00081424": "you could probably find Polaris but again the problem is Polaris is very", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00181-00081424-00081808": "very difficult to find and frankly finding the Little Dipper is relatively", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00182-00081808-00082315": "challenging as well. But what's not too challenging is finding the Big Dipper.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00183-00082315-00082978": "And the Big Dipper actually looks like a rather big spoon in the sky and the Big", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00184-00082978-00083572": "Dipper is an asterism. It's part of Ursa Major which is called the \"big bear\".", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00185-00083572-00084163": "So all we need to do is find this big spoon in the sky and the very last star", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00186-00084163-00084847": "of this spoon we're going to follow it to the very first Star that it runs into and", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00187-00084847-00085297": "that first star is going to be Polaris. And so now you can go outside and find", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00188-00085297-00085813": "Polaris if it's a nice clear evening. And that is going to be the north celestial", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00189-00085813-00085921": "pole star.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00190-00085921-00086335": "Ok so that my friends is latitude. We have latitude.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00191-00086335-00086743": "We know what latitude is. We know that latitude are also parallels and we know", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00192-00086743-00087121": "how to find latitude, at least to a certain extent Of course nowadays", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00193-00087121-00087475": "everybody's got their smart phones you whip out your smartphone", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00194-00087475-00088000": "you got your GPS unit on and voila you're going to see San Diego, California at 32", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00195-00088000-00088144": "degrees north latitude.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00196-00088144-00088639": "Yes? Ok so that's latitude. What about longitude?", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00197-00088639-00089248": "Well let's draw this picture again. Once again there's the Earth and we'll put in", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00198-00089248-00089683": "here the Equator. And now what we're going to do is draw an imaginary line", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00199-00089683-00090088": "from the North Pole all the way down to the South Pole.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00200-00090157-00090673": "Now this line is relatively arbitrary. The fact of the matter is with the", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00201-00090673-00090781": "Equator", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00202-00090781-00091186": "that was easy. The Equator is simply the dividing line between the northern", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00203-00091186-00091387": "hemisphere in the southern hemisphere.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00204-00091387-00091687": "However with this line that we just drew", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00205-00091738-00092173": "we're also going to define this at zero degrees but again it seems to be", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00206-00092173-00092548": "arbitrary. There's a history to this which we'll talk about a little bit", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00207-00092548-00093013": "later on. We're going to define this line going from the North Pole to the South", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00208-00093013-00093218": "Pole as zero degrees", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00209-00093218-00093539": "longitude.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00210-00093539-00094019": "So unlike latitude, longitude is going to give us east and west.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00211-00094118-00094604": "Now we're going to draw another imaginary line and if we draw this line", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00212-00094604-00094922": "going to the west", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00213-00094922-00095522": "we know we're in the Western Hemisphere. If we draw a line this way and we go to", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00214-00095522-00095636": "the east", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00215-00095636-00095957": "we know that we're going in the Eastern Hemisphere.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00216-00095957-00096338": "Now this might be a little bit confusing and it's hard to see on this picture so", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00217-00096338-00096701": "you know what I want to do I want to erase this and start over again.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00218-00096770-00097544": "So here's the Equator and 0 degrees and here is 0 degrees of longitude.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00219-00097633-00098147": "I'm going to draw a sister image right here and on this image", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00220-00098147-00098594": "imagine that we're staring down on top of Earth and we're looking at the North", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00221-00098594-00098654": "Pole.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00222-00098654-00098954": "So let's call this \"NP\" for the North Pole.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00223-00098954-00099347": "Therefore this circle basically represents the Equator", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00224-00099347-00099710": "because again we're looking down on planet Earth", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00225-00099710-00100115": "straight from above so this line here is pretty much the edge that we're looking", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00226-00100115-00100235": "down upon.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00227-00100235-00100706": "Now this line that we drew here, it's right there.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00228-00100757-00101099": "So we're going from the North Pole all the way down to the South Pole and again", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00229-00101099-00101642": "we're calling this 0 degrees of longitude. And if we go in this direction", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00230-00101642-00102365": "we're going into the Western Hemisphere and if we go this direction we're going", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00231-00102365-00102641": "into the Eastern Hemisphere.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00232-00102641-00103190": "Now if we were to draw an imaginary line over here on the opposite side of the", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00233-00103190-00103282": "planet", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00234-00103282-00103628": "we've just made an angle of a 180 degrees.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00235-00103720-00104114": "So remember with latitude we said okay well how many degrees are you going", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00236-00104114-00104431": "above or below the Equator to find your location,", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00237-00104431-00104777": "we're doing the same thing with longitude but in this case it's how many", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00238-00104777-00105269": "degrees are you going east or west from zero degrees of longitude, and by the way", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00239-00105269-00105473": "we're going to call this line a \"meridian\".", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00240-00105473-00105944": "In fact all these lines here are going to be called meridians and this line", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00241-00105944-00106355": "here that represents 0 is going to be called the Prime Meridian.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00242-00106544-00107140": "So in this picture we've just gone 180 degrees west of the Prime", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00243-00107140-00107215": "Meridian.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00244-00107215-00107584": "So we're going to call this 180 degrees longitude.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00245-00107675-00108154": "Now you might say well did you forget adding the west or east designator", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00246-00108154-00108565": "and the answer is no. The fact of the matter is if you go 180 you're neither", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00247-00108565-00109073": "east nor west you're right in the middle just like if you write 0. If you were to", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00248-00109073-00109927": "go this way toward the west and make an angle of 90 degrees relative to 0 then", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00249-00109927-00110230": "you would be at 90 degrees west longitude.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00250-00110335-00110917": "If you went this way and made an angle of 90 degrees east of the Prime Meridian", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00251-00110917-00111550": "you would be at 90 degrees east longitude and so again it works in the same way", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00252-00111550-00111889": "the only difference is when we're dealing with latitude our numbers are", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00253-00111889-00112267": "going between 0 and 90 when we're dealing with longitude", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00254-00112267-00112834": "our numbers are going between 0 and 180. Makes sense? Now here's something clever", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00255-00112834-00112927": "as well.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00256-00112927-00113633": "You'll notice that opposite 90 degrees west is going to be 90 degrees east;", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00257-00113633-00114001": "opposite 0 is 180.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00258-00114001-00115019": "What about something like 120? What would the opposite of 120 west be? Well here's a", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00259-00115019-00115220": "very very simple solution for you.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00260-00115220-00115612": "The opposite of 120 west has to be 60 east.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00261-00115675-00116558": "So this plus this always has to equal 180 degrees. By the way, San Diego,", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00262-00116558-00117004": "California will right around a 120 west so that puts us over", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00263-00117004-00117580": "here 32 degrees north latitude 120 degrees west longitude", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00264-00117664-00118411": "more specifically we're about 117. Ok so remember all these lines here going", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00265-00118411-00118933": "north and south are called meridians; all these lines here", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00266-00119024-00119383": "going east to west", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00267-00119455-00119878": "but giving us north and south are called parallels, and you'll notice we just turned", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00268-00119878-00120122": "the world into a giant grid system", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00269-00120122-00120700": "this is called the \"geographic grid\" hence the name. Now, by the way, we determine how", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00270-00120700-00121097": "we can figure out our latitude and we can do that by looking at for the north", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00271-00121097-00121435": "celestial pole star if you're in the northern hemisphere or the south", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00272-00121435-00121678": "celestial pole star if you're in the southern hemisphere.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00273-00121678-00122183": "What about longitude? Longitude is much more quirky and it's a little bit more", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00274-00122183-00122575": "complex and in order for us to figure out longitude", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00275-00122575-00122926": "what we actually have to do is use a clock and we're going to get to that in", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00276-00122926-00123241": "just a second. But before we do", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00277-00123241-00123784": "I'd like to look at north, south, east, and west in a little bit finer detail.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00278-00123784-00124504": "Let's say that you're a navigator and you're out at sea, and you determine that you", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00279-00124504-00124876": "need to go from, I don't know, 32 degrees north", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00280-00124876-00125263": "to maybe 33 degrees north. That's not that much,", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00281-00125329-00126283": "that's only but 1 degree but here's the caveat 1 degree of longitude and", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00282-00126283-00127121": "1 degree of latitude if you're at the equator equals 69 statute miles.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00283-00127121-00127861": "So imagine this: you're a navigator out at sea, you want to go from 32 to 33,", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00284-00127861-00128072": "you know that 69 miles,", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00285-00128072-00128450": "let's say that you're off maybe you're off by a half a degree for your", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00286-00128450-00128566": "destination", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00287-00128566-00128882": "all of a sudden you've missed your mark by about 35 miles.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00288-00128933-00129550": "That's big, that's really big therefore we need to figure out a way that we can", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00289-00129550-00129923": "define distances a little bit more precisely", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00290-00129976-00130400": "especially if we're talking about latitude and longitude and if we're out at", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00291-00130400-00130852": "sea which of course is the early days of exploration.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00292-00130852-00131800": "Well here's how it's going to work. We know that 1 degree equals 69 statute", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00293-00131800-00132401": "miles, and i'm using the term statute because in a second i'm going to use the", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00294-00132401-00132898": "term nautical so statute miles basically is distance on land.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00295-00132898-00133336": "Now let's say I want to break this down into a finer part", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00296-00133336-00134016": "well what I can actually do is take this degree and break it into 60 equal parts.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00297-00134016-00134701": "So 1 degree is going to equal 60. What that is is an arc minute. So little tick", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00298-00134701-00134770": "mark", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00299-00134770-00135163": "so 1 degree equals 60 arc minutes and that equals 69 miles.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00300-00135223-00135973": "Well now i can just do a little bit of math; I can divide 69 miles by 60 and", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00301-00135973-00136345": "that equals about 1.15 statute miles.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00302-00136345-00137146": "So we know that 1 arc minute equals about 1.15 statute miles", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00303-00137146-00137608": "now that's not bad so when you look in your atlas and you see San Diego, California", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00304-00137608-00138403": "it won't say 32 degrees or it won't say 117 west. It will say like 32 degrees", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00305-00138403-00139015": "25 arc minutes or it will say 117 degrees west", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00306-00139015-00139666": "33 arc minutes, right, so those arc minutes are just simply giving us finer details", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00307-00139666-00139960": "and according to this map that we've just done", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00308-00139960-00140308": "we know that one arc minute equals 1.15 miles.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00309-00140308-00140815": "So now if you're a navigator at sea, if you're off by only an arc minute you're", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00310-00140815-00141364": "only off by about 1.15 miles which is now not too bad but keep in mind that", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00311-00141364-00141901": "1.15 miles could be the difference between your boat hit a big rock or your", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00312-00141901-00142516": "boat going into a bay so frankly we want to get this into even finer detail and", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00313-00142516-00142600": "we can.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00314-00142600-00142945": "So that's take 1 arc minute", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00315-00142945-00143536": "and again we know that one arc minute is the equivalent of 1.15 statute miles.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00316-00143536-00144223": "By the way before i continue, 1 arc minute equals 1.15 statute miles", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00317-00144223-00145240": "that is what a nautical mile is. So 1 nautical mile is 1 arc minute and that", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00318-00145240-00145945": "translates into 1.15 statute miles and if you're talking about a knot, a", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00319-00145945-00146226": "knot is simply how many nautical", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00320-00146226-00146799": "miles you're going per hour. Right? So we're going to use knots and nautical", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00321-00146799-00147390": "miles when we're out at sea vs statute miles when you're out at land and again", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00322-00147390-00147771": "we see why we're using arc minutes or nautical miles", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00323-00147771-00148227": "because that just makes navigation more precise when were fact looking for more", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00324-00148227-00148452": "precision. Of course nowadays", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00325-00148452-00148815": "you're going to use a lot of decimal degrees and in decimal degrees its kind", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00326-00148815-00149235": "of decimal point representation of a degree but for now we'll stick with this", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00327-00149235-00149358": "arc minutes.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00328-00149358-00150624": "Okay so we know that 1 arc minute equals 1.15 statute miles which of", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00329-00150624-00151203": "course equals a nautical mile. We can break down that 1 arc minute into 60", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00330-00151203-00151317": "equal parts.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00331-00151317-00151977": "So 1 arc minute equals 60 arc seconds and we know that equals 1.15 miles.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00332-00151977-00152499": "So again we're going to do just a little bit of math we're going to divide both", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00333-00152499-00152895": "sides by 60 arc seconds", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00334-00152895-00153813": "therefore 1 arc second equals 1.15 miles divided by 60 which is about two-tenths of", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00335-00153813-00153895": "a mile.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00336-00153895-00154575": "So now we've got really nice fine detail. When you break up in your atlas and you", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00337-00154575-00154791": "find San Diego, California,", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00338-00154791-00155142": "it'll give you a little bit more precision. You'll have an answer in", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00339-00155142-00155901": "degrees, arc minutes, arc seconds. And again the more detail you want then you're", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00340-00155901-00156297": "going to start to see arc seconds because that gives you distance up to", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00341-00156297-00156723": "two tenths of a mile which is really quite precise or accurate especially if", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00342-00156723-00156842": "you're a navigator.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00343-00156842-00157575": "Ok let's do a little bit of trivia. Let's draw Earth here.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00344-00157575-00158182": "Here's the Equator. Here's the North Pole, and again let's take a look at the", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00345-00158182-00158482": "perspective from looking straight down on the planet", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00346-00158482-00158952": "so here's the North Pole. And let's draw all these meridians.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00347-00159311-00159812": "You'll notice as we approach the North Pole meridians are getting tighter", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00348-00159812-00160313": "and tighter and tighter together until inevitably all the meridians converge at", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00349-00160313-00160637": "the North Pole and the same is true with the South Pole they'll converge there as", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00350-00160637-00160736": "well.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00351-00160736-00161363": "Let's say that at the Equator this distance here represents 1 degree or about 69", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00352-00161363-00161849": "miles. As you go higher and higher and latitude", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00353-00161849-00162410": "clearly the distance between 1 degree gets less and less and less until", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00354-00162410-00162991": "eventually you're at 0. So if you are standing right here", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00355-00163066-00163664": "1 degree of longitude is 0 miles. If you're standing right here", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00356-00163739-00164254": "1 degree of longitude is 69 miles. Right?", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00357-00164254-00164732": "It's quirky but that's what's going on so the fact of the matter is we know", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00358-00164732-00165892": "that 1 degree of longitude equals 69 times cosine of whatever your latitude", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00359-00165892-00166589": "is, so if your latitude is at 0 degrees then we know that 1 degree", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00360-00166589-00167000": "longitude equals 69 times cosine 0 equals 69", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00361-00167063-00167657": "If you're at 90 degrees latitude then we know that 1 degree longitude equals 69", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00362-00167657-00168391": "times cosine 90 which equals 0 so we can actually use this little equation here", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00363-00168391-00168998": "to determine what a degree of longitude is as you go higher and higher and", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00364-00168998-00169429": "higher north or higher and higher and higher south and if you want to use the", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00365-00169429-00169802": "term higher. Now this will become important for us a little bit later on", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00366-00169802-00170303": "especially when we start to talk about great circles and small circles. In fact", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00367-00170303-00170891": "let me give you a quick quick example. Let's say we're here in San Diego, and so", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00368-00170891-00171326": "let's draw the United States of America. And here we are", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00369-00171326-00171833": "and that said that you want to fly all the way over here to England. So let's", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00370-00171833-00172154": "say we want to go to London, Heathrow which is way over here.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00371-00172154-00172673": "Now that's a that you take this flight; it's a long flight and let's say you're", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00372-00172673-00173099": "line in a Boeing 777 and right in front of you, in the seat in front of you", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00373-00173099-00173540": "you've got a little TV screen and the little TV screen shows you a map and", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00374-00173540-00174055": "this map is going to show you the path with which the pilot is going to take to", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00375-00174055-00174239": "get you to your destination.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00376-00174239-00174563": "Now you and I were going to look at this map and go okay well let's go to", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00377-00174563-00174916": "shortest distance and we would think that the shortest distance is going to", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00378-00174916-00175160": "be like this straight line.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00379-00175160-00175463": "Well as it turns out that's not the case.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00380-00175463-00176057": "The shortest distance on a sphere is going to actually look like this and", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00381-00176057-00176576": "that line is called a great circle, and so a great circle route on a sphere", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00382-00176576-00177260": "basically means that the center of the sphere is the center of that arc or the", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00383-00177260-00177616": "equal distant point of that arc,", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00384-00177616-00177916": "that's the great circle. So here around the Equator", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00385-00177986-00178532": "that's a great circle. Here is not a great circle that would actually be", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00386-00178532-00179240": "called a small circle. On a sphere the shortest distance is always the great", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00387-00179240-00179699": "circle and part of that we can actually understand by again referring to this", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00388-00179699-00180280": "whole idea of longitude. As you go to higher latitude your distance", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00389-00180280-00180674": "of a degree of large to get smaller and smaller and smaller until it converges", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00390-00180674-00180908": "at the North Pole and it turns to 0.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00391-00180908-00181211": "So here you're flying this route", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00392-00181211-00181649": "you're actually flying a shorter distance on the sphere and that's what a", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00393-00181649-00182111": "great circle is. Ok let's go back now.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00394-00182111-00182576": "We know how we can determine latitude and again determining", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00395-00182576-00182960": "latitude is all about finding the north celestial pole star if you're in the", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00396-00182960-00183308": "northern hemisphere or the south celestial pole star if you're in the", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00397-00183308-00183616": "southern hemisphere. But what about longitude?", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00398-00183616-00183989": "Well in order for us to figure out longitude the first thing we actually", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00399-00183989-00184259": "need to do is talk about time zones.", "9jIsEJE1LIU-00400-00184259-00184508": "Right? So let's do time zones really quickly (see Part II for a continuation of this discussion)."}}, {"audio_id": "9kBjPZVkmuE", "text": {"9kBjPZVkmuE-00000-00000600-00000897": "Craig Chavis Jr.: Hey, y'all How y'all doing? This is going to be", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00001-00000900-00001290": "a very special and unique video because I'm going to be breaking", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00002-00001290-00001907": "down the root of the word capitalism, and why the majority", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00003-00001911-00002364": "of people really do not understand what the word", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00004-00002364-00002868": "capitalism really means, and how the system of capitalism really", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00005-00002868-00003471": "functions. This is going to be a mind blowing video. So sit back,", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00006-00003477-00003876": "relax, and enjoy this content that I'm going to drop because I", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00007-00003876-00004434": "can 100% guarantee that you've never heard capitalism, broken", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00008-00004434-00004863": "down through this lens that I'm going to provide you with right", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00009-00004863-00005514": "now. So to begin, most people believe that capitalism is the", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00010-00005514-00006054": "system of economics, where bad business is done, where", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00011-00006054-00006567": "basically commerce is generated, people buy and sell products", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00012-00006570-00007031": "transactions occur. A lot of people don't make money, there's", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00013-00007031-00007455": "a few people at the top, making money. And those are kind of", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00014-00007455-00007743": "like general high level stereotypes of what people", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00015-00007743-00008334": "believe capitalism to be. But if you're an entomologist, like I", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00016-00008334-00008832": "am, and you study words, and how they're spelled, and the", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00017-00008832-00009258": "meanings of those spellings, you can really understand that a lot", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00018-00009258-00009855": "of words have a lot of occult, and visible and hidden meanings.", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00019-00009891-00010308": "So when you look at the word capitalism, you see that it has", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00020-00010311-00010872": "a prefix and a suffix. So capital is the prefix, and the", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00021-00010872-00011487": "suffix is ism. And when you look at the words, capital, and ism,", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00022-00011490-00011952": "and you combine them together, you get this unique meaning of", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00023-00011955-00012393": "the system of lending and creating money. So how does that", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00024-00012393-00012735": "really make sense? Well, if you look at the word capital,", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00025-00012762-00013233": "capital can be defined as wealth, or the accumulation of", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00026-00013233-00013616": "wealth. Well, when you break that down, subconsciously, like", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00027-00013616-00014235": "wealth is typically measured in what money. Next when you go to", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00028-00014235-00014928": "the suffix. ism is a means system up. So when you combine", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00029-00014928-00015471": "capital and ism, you get the meaning the system of money. But", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00030-00015471-00015744": "if you really understand how money really works, it's really", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00031-00015744-00016227": "the system of lending and creating money. So what does", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00032-00016227-00016725": "that actually mean? What is capitalism? So now that you", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00033-00016725-00017142": "understand at a basic level, that capitalism is the system of", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00034-00017142-00017532": "lending and creating money, you can surpass your previous", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00035-00017532-00017907": "understanding of capitalism as just merely a system of", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00036-00017910-00018354": "economics, really find out early capitalism at its core as a", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00037-00018354-00018762": "system of finances. It's a financial system. And it's an", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00038-00018762-00019236": "extremely exploitative financial system at that, because we ask", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00039-00019236-00019629": "the average person, where does money come from? They will just", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00040-00019629-00019974": "assume, well, they know it comes from banks. Well, if that's", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00041-00019974-00020418": "true, then where do banks get money from? Because at the end", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00042-00020418-00020766": "of the day, everything in this world has an Alpha and Omega,", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00043-00020796-00021156": "everything in this world has a beginning and an end. So if", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00044-00021156-00021528": "banks are getting money, where are they getting money from?", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00045-00021573-00021939": "Well, when you read fantastic books, such as the creature from", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00046-00021939-00022425": "Jekyll Island, you'll understand that that most banks get money", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00047-00022425-00022770": "from centralized banking entities such as the Federal", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00048-00022770-00023127": "Reserve. But the question is, is like where does the Federal", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00049-00023127-00023499": "Reserve get money from, and when you understand the capitalism,", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00050-00023499-00023817": "the system of lending and creating money, you understand", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00051-00023817-00024192": "that like money is just a concept. And entities such as", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00052-00024192-00024567": "the Federal Reserve, literally lending create money out of thin", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00053-00024567-00025083": "air. And so whenever money is introduced into society,", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00054-00025083-00025539": "whenever it's introduced into an economy, automatically, there's", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00055-00025539-00026064": "debt assigned to that money. So in all reality, all money that", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00056-00026064-00026529": "enters into the monetary supply, has debt attached to it. And", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00057-00026529-00026988": "theoretically, it is impossible to pay off that debt because you", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00058-00026988-00027464": "only have the money that you borrowed, to, to pay off that", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00059-00027464-00027839": "principle. But on top of the principle is this thing called", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00060-00027843-00028305": "interest, which is debt. And so understandingly, intuitively,", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00061-00028305-00028767": "that capitalism as a system where money is literally created", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00062-00028767-00029217": "and lended, out of thin air, and that's what capitalism is truly", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00063-00029220-00029720": "all about. Ultimately, this system of capitalism is truly", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00064-00029720-00030189": "broken and I can't re emphasize enough how exploitative it is", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00065-00030231-00030669": "because we have humans all across the world who are working", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00066-00030669-00031080": "and exchanging their labor wishes their time and energy for", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00067-00031080-00031422": "money, which is a thing that is literally created out of thin", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00068-00031422-00031908": "air. At its core, money is just a concept, it's merely is", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00069-00031908-00032292": "nothing but a store of value. That's it, the real thing that", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00070-00032292-00032865": "is the most valuable object in this world is your labor is your", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00071-00032865-00033264": "time, and energy and your effort. The most valuable", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00072-00033264-00033795": "capital in this world is human capital, and not monetary", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00073-00033798-00034212": "capital. And so this is one of the reasons why I love", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00074-00034215-00034776": "entrepreneurship so much is because of this reason is that I", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00075-00034776-00035190": "can be a true and ultimate capitalist and thrive within the", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00076-00035190-00035646": "system of capitalism, because with my mind, I am able to", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00077-00035646-00036081": "create and lend money out of thin air, because I'm able to", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00078-00036081-00036585": "produce products and services that people are willing to pay", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00079-00036585-00037017": "for. And so within this system of capitalism, you do have the", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00080-00037017-00037413": "bankers who are the ones who are creating a lending this monetary", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00081-00037413-00037947": "or digital money out of thin air. But entrepreneurs like", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00082-00037947-00038295": "myself, entrepreneurs, like you, entrepreneurs, like others, were", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00083-00038295-00038733": "the ones that are truly the highest level of capitalists", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00084-00038733-00039147": "because we're actually creating tangible products, intangible", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00085-00039147-00039585": "services that have intrinsic value. See, the thing is, fiat", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00086-00039585-00039912": "currency does not have intrinsic value, because it's literally", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00087-00039936-00040341": "paper or is literally a digital currency that doesn't even", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00088-00040341-00040857": "exist. But the things that you create, like this, or like this,", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00089-00040857-00041280": "or like that pin that just fell, these are real items that have", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00090-00041280-00042078": "intrinsic natural value. So in some capitalism, capital ism,", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00091-00042087-00042660": "the prefix and the suffix, capital money ism system of", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00092-00042714-00043194": "means that capitalism is the system of creating and lending", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00093-00043194-00043767": "money, particularly out of thin air. And so for anybody who's", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00094-00043767-00044133": "watching this video, you now know and understand that like a", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00095-00044133-00044604": "deep root level, what capitalism really means it's literally all", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00096-00044604-00045045": "about money. It's a financial system. That's exploitative at", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00097-00045045-00045591": "its core. But knowing this, in order to become a capitalist,", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00098-00045639-00045927": "the best way to achieve that goal is to become an", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00099-00045927-00046272": "entrepreneur. Because when you're an entrepreneur, you can", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00100-00046272-00046773": "use your mind to create and lend money out of thin air, through", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00101-00046773-00047169": "the creation of a viable business through the creation of", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00102-00047169-00047517": "a viable product, or through the creation of a viable service", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00103-00047538-00048051": "that people are willing to pay for. So my question for you", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00104-00048051-00048540": "today is, now that you know and understand what capitalism is,", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00105-00048594-00049125": "are you a fan of capitalism? Why or why not? I'm really curious", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00106-00049125-00049374": "to hear your thoughts, so please be sure to drop your comments", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00107-00049374-00049791": "below. Furthermore, if you want to become the entrepreneur of", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00108-00049791-00050112": "your life, you can begin this process today by subscribing to", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00109-00050112-00050457": "this channel. Also, please be sure to click the notification", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00110-00050457-00050742": "bell to be alerted for never new content drops.", "9kBjPZVkmuE-00111-00050868-00050964": "Until next time!"}}, {"audio_id": "9kC3GA3PIOu", "text": {"9kC3GA3PIOu-00000-00000056-00000536": "well hey there everybody welcome back today into the crt bunker i'm hanging out with my buddy", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00001-00000536-00001056": "brutus and we've been just restoring and working on some m series crts and they're going to have", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00002-00001056-00001632": "some more technical videos to come but as i was sitting here working i had a surprise item show", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00003-00001632-00002096": "up in the mail and so i thought i'd do an unboxing because i think most of you are really going to", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00004-00002096-00002640": "enjoy this and like what i've got here and this is the box and obviously from the box you can tell", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00005-00002720-00003632": "it's not a crt but it is a crt related product and this is a homage to probably the best calibration", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00006-00003632-00004176": "software that we have available for the retro gaming community and especially when you're trying", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00007-00004176-00004792": "to use pretty much retro video game machines on old crts or really any display you can use this", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00008-00004864-00005400": "software and that's of course the 240p test suite and i can't say enough and thank you enough and", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00009-00005400-00006008": "brutus can't either to the team over there you know artemio keith rainey and everybody else", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00010-00006008-00006495": "who works on the projects over there i really want to say a big thank you again to them and", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00011-00006495-00006895": "with really without a lot of that software i would have a much more difficult time", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00012-00006968-00007720": "calibrating all the screens and now i'm just so used to take for granted really that uh md fourier", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00013-00007720-00008176": "software and especially you know the 240p test suite so if you want to check out more information", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00014-00008176-00008664": "that i definitely have a link in the description of the video so you can click on that and go", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00015-00008664-00009280": "see more about them but let's just go ahead we're going to do an unboxing here of this item and uh", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00016-00009280-00009928": "to do that i'm going to try out the new setup i have where i had installed the camera above my", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00017-00009928-00010336": "workbench table here so we're going to get set up here and we're going to switch over to that", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00018-00010336-00010824": "view so you can check it out and hopefully that'll look good from the up down view on this unboxing", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00019-00010824-00011200": "so let's just get right into it i'll move our box over here into the view of the camera", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00020-00011256-00011688": "and then we'll just open it up but it's a it's pretty nice sized box here we'll get some of", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00021-00011688-00012072": "the soldering equipment a little bit further out of the viewpoint so you can get a good look at", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00022-00012072-00012528": "this right when it opens up because i think uh everybody here should take a look at this thing", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00023-00012528-00013224": "and just see what a great thing this is again if this item is still on sale i will put a link to", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00024-00013224-00013760": "this also in the description because i just really want to support this kind of stuff especially", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00025-00013976-00014416": "future projects like this if there ever are any but this one is definitely cool enough for me", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00026-00014528-00015584": "so we've got some very nice packing here heavy duty let's see what we've got inside", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00027-00015640-00015968": "i don't want to damage anything under this", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00028-00016112-00016704": "this is pretty thick packing and oh yeah check out that thick acrylic", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00029-00016872-00018024": "molding there and we've got a nice super nice hanging frame back here but check this out", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00030-00018304-00019136": "how beautiful is that this is from pepe salat i think that's how you say that that's for his", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00031-00019136-00019784": "twitter handle and he's the one who does this art but it's now this is you know got an overlay on", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00032-00019872-00020424": "this side and then the back side uh so hopefully and there's a little dirt somebody to clean it off", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00033-00020496-00021040": "but wow how beautiful is that and this that's keith rainey's new pattern that's that's on", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00034-00021040-00022072": "this and it's got the other ones and wow look at this this is my perfect geometry sony kv trinitron", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00035-00022144-00022744": "sega mega drive and then if we look down here let me show you with this use it on your crt or", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00036-00022744-00023384": "professional monitor a homebrew software suite for video game consoles developed to help in", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00037-00023384-00024008": "evaluation of tv processing of 240p video signals and upscalers upscan converters and line doublers", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00038-00024088-00024504": "a wide array of tools for calibrating colors geometry linearity over scanning black and white", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00039-00024504-00025208": "levels specific for specific console outputs and setups available for all these wonderful systems", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00040-00025296-00025888": "open source free to download and here's the website and man how awesome is this going to", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00041-00025888-00026680": "look hung up in the new studio i am ecstatic i just love it super high quality and this is like", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00042-00026680-00027288": "the best addition that i could get so let's go ahead now and we'll set it up somewhere out here", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00043-00027288-00027912": "on our wood paneling walls all right so i have the perfect spot for this thing right next to", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00044-00027912-00028632": "my dusty roads and ric flair montage over here and our lovely 1960s frigidaire and look", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00045-00028632-00029104": "i've been getting a lot of questions about the wood paneling here at the house do not worry this", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00046-00029104-00029616": "wood paneling is not going anywhere i'm not taking all this out this is part of the lovely nostalgia", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00047-00029616-00030072": "of this whole setup so don't worry the wood paneling is not going anywhere", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00048-00030072-00031024": "but the spot we're going to hang this it's going to be right here", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00049-00031024-00031808": "oh yeah look at that beautiful thing get it leveled up oh my goodness perfection", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00050-00031808-00032695": "guys wow look at this thing a little closer so wow yeah what a beautiful piece of artwork i'm", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00051-00032695-00033384": "so happy to get this this has been one of the better unboxings i've had in the last oh month", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00052-00033632-00034360": "so again to me this is totally worth the price and i love it all right everybody well that's it", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00053-00034360-00034888": "again i want to say a special thanks to everybody who's helped with the 240p test suite and also", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00054-00034888-00035424": "thank you to the artist again i will have his twitter handle in the description of the video", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00055-00035424-00036192": "along with a link to the junker hq website for the 240p test suite and i'll try to put", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00056-00036192-00036680": "a link down there for this print if one is still available at the time of production of this video", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00057-00036680-00037408": "now again guys i did pay 100 about for this beautiful framed and shipped", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00058-00037408-00037896": "uh version of this there is a smaller print and then there's a bigger print that's in", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00059-00037896-00038272": "both of those are not framed so there's a lot of options here this was just again the highest", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00060-00038360-00039056": "coolest i thought availability or one that was available so that's why i decided to get this one", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00061-00039056-00039840": "and again i do not get anything for showing this off i paid for this thing 100 with my own money", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00062-00039840-00040488": "and i was more than happy to support the creator and uh love it so that's just the unboxing today", "9kC3GA3PIOu-00063-00040488-00042184": "thanks for joining me i will definitely see you guys next time with some more retro content"}}, {"audio_id": "9kWTHyEI4aE", "text": {"9kWTHyEI4aE-00000-00000050-00000413": "mussel soybean paste soup", "9kWTHyEI4aE-00001-00000430-00000722": "SANGEOIMO", "9kWTHyEI4aE-00002-00000756-00000990": "mussel 200g", "9kWTHyEI4aE-00003-00001284-00001630": "boiled mussels", "9kWTHyEI4aE-00004-00002806-00003222": "mussel-boiled stock", "9kWTHyEI4aE-00005-00003222-00003665": "Do not add salt when boiling mussels", "9kWTHyEI4aE-00006-00005306-00005842": "a spoon of soybean paste", "9kWTHyEI4aE-00007-00005964-00006530": "1/2 spoon chopped garlic", "9kWTHyEI4aE-00008-00006648-00007354": "1 spoon red pepper", "9kWTHyEI4aE-00009-00008958-00009180": "It's boiling.", "9kWTHyEI4aE-00010-00009282-00009594": "Add boiled cabbage", "9kWTHyEI4aE-00011-00013540-00013850": "Add salt to your taste.", "9kWTHyEI4aE-00012-00027333-00028188": "Thank you for subscribing"}}, {"audio_id": "9kaw26ao-jM", "text": {"9kaw26ao-jM-00000-00000628-00001164": "Sadhguru: You need to understand, life as you know it.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00001-00001164-00001562": "What you right now call as me is life.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00002-00001562-00002236": "Maybe right now you are referring to just your personality which is essentially a bundle", "9kaw26ao-jM-00003-00002236-00003404": "of thoughts, emotions, opinions, ideas and prejudices, of course I am missing out the important thing.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00004-00003404-00004098": "Leaving that part of your personality if you just refer to this (Referring to oneself) as me,", "9kaw26ao-jM-00005-00004098-00005384": "essentially you are referring to this life. This life process is me. This life process has not grown, please see.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00006-00005384-00005762": "It is the same life process.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00007-00005762-00006164": "If you do not remember the womb, at least you remember", "9kaw26ao-jM-00008-00006164-00006750": "when you were five, six, seven, eight years of age;", "9kaw26ao-jM-00009-00006750-00007614": "when the body was that small, it was the same life process. Now it is the same life process.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00010-00007614-00008434": "It will be the same unless… unless", "9kaw26ao-jM-00011-00008434-00009364": "you become free from the five elements and then it bursts open into a different possibility.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00012-00009364-00010006": "This whole terminology of spiritual growth is a false terminology,", "9kaw26ao-jM-00013-00010006-00010620": "because there is no such thing as spiritual growth.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00014-00010620-00011242": "Either you explode into another state or you don’t.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00015-00011242-00012782": "“No, many times I did explode but again I am the same.” That’s because,", "9kaw26ao-jM-00016-00012782-00013516": "you know during the Diwali time, if you try to light the crackers,", "9kaw26ao-jM-00017-00013516-00014082": "there are some crackers you light them sch… sch… sch… su…  (Laughter).", "9kaw26ao-jM-00018-00014082-00014652": "You thought they are going to go boom, but they do schscchhh (Laughter)…", "9kaw26ao-jM-00019-00014652-00015122": "You light them again sch… schkkk (Laughter).", "9kaw26ao-jM-00020-00015122-00016108": "Then you have to really poke some, just a… a small little, you know, the…", "9kaw26ao-jM-00021-00016108-00016814": "the incense stick that you are using is not enough; you really have to put something bigger fire inside,", "9kaw26ao-jM-00022-00016814-00017316": "then they go boom.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00023-00017316-00018034": "But then you have to be careful because they are going to explode too quick in your face.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00024-00018034-00019014": "So, your experiences of those moments when you almost exploded is like that, sch… sch… sch… boom…", "9kaw26ao-jM-00025-00019014-00019792": "“I almost tch, became boundless.”", "9kaw26ao-jM-00026-00019792-00020542": "I want you to experiment this “almost”.  “I almost had my dinner.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00027-00020542-00021124": "I almost went to the toilet (Laughter).  I almost had my breakfast.”", "9kaw26ao-jM-00028-00021124-00021676": "Please do that for the next three days, “I almost, I almost, I almost,”", "9kaw26ao-jM-00029-00021676-00022666": "then you will be ready to explode (Laughter) in some way (Laughs).", "9kaw26ao-jM-00030-00022666-00023370": "So all those things which really matter, either you do it or you don’t do it.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00031-00023370-00024364": "Spiritual process you almost…  you keep on almosting… No!", "9kaw26ao-jM-00032-00024364-00024916": "So, “How did I become a full-fledged human being?”", "9kaw26ao-jM-00033-00024916-00025468": "You have not become a full-fledged human being. I am not trying to insult you,", "9kaw26ao-jM-00034-00025468-00026372": "I am just reminding you you have not become a full-fledged human being.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00035-00026372-00027358": "A full-fledged human being is too immense to be described.  He is not a humbug, a made up thing.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00036-00027358-00028008": "A full-fledged human being is a phenomena and that will not happen slowly.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00037-00028008-00028907": "Yes, you have to cultivate it every day for it to explode one day, but it doesn’t happen slowly.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00038-00028907-00029924": "Slowly you can create the situation, slowly you can create the situation, but explosion is one time", "9kaw26ao-jM-00039-00029924-00030364": "and even it happens, nobody can miss it.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00040-00030364-00031280": "Neither you can miss it, nor anybody around you can miss it because it's there to see.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00041-00031280-00032283": "So how does this little piece of life, these two cells that met in somebody’s womb became", "9kaw26ao-jM-00042-00032283-00033244": "a meatball to start with, became a life process and now a human being?", "9kaw26ao-jM-00043-00033244-00033924": "Human being, yes, not a full-fledged human being. No.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00044-00033924-00034498": "This (Referring to oneself) has to become a full-fledged human being means", "9kaw26ao-jM-00045-00034498-00035152": "the same things that nurture you, are the same things which bind you.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00046-00035152-00036002": "The same things which look like the source of your life, are also the limitations upon your life.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00047-00036002-00036666": "That is why people are so confused as to what to remove and what to keep.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00048-00036666-00037600": "All the things that you think are the goodies are the baddies too; that’s the problem.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00049-00037601-00038322": "If it was very simple, goodies were different, baddies were different; very easy to dump the baddies.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00050-00038322-00039132": "The goodies are baddies, baddies are goodies, that is the problem.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00051-00039132-00039884": "So you have to dump the goodies and the baddies, or you have to embrace the goodies and the baddies.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00052-00039884-00040446": "Embracing the goodies and the baddies is very difficult.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00053-00040446-00041092": "Your life would become very multi-dimensional if you could, but you cannot do that.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00054-00041092-00041606": "You may pretend to do… do that.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00055-00041606-00042686": "People’s idea of embracing everything is, they try to paint everything as good and they call themselves saints.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00056-00042686-00043140": "There is nothing saintly about it.  It's quite silly.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00057-00043140-00044162": "Not being able to see what is what in the world is not saintliness; it's just being silly.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00058-00044162-00045152": "But it passes off as saintliness.  “I see goodness in everything” is not saintly, it is silly.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00059-00045152-00045434": "(Laughs) Different things are different ways.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00060-00045434-00046024": "If you don't know how to deal with it, you are just being silly, not being saintly.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00061-00046024-00046632": "But unfortunately you… it passes off as saintliness.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00062-00046632-00047218": "Being able to see everything just the way it is and still being able to accept it absolutely", "9kaw26ao-jM-00063-00047218-00048024": "the way it is, takes a lot.  So it's better to keep a little distance from everything.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00064-00048024-00048552": "Keep small distance; you don’t have to run away; just a little distance from everything.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00065-00048552-00049250": "You deal with everything but with a little distance. This is a easier way to handle.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00066-00049250-00049874": "I am not saying it is a better way; it is a good way. I am just saying it's easier way.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00067-00049874-00050610": "If you like to do it, the more exciting and more difficult way, you’re welcome.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00068-00050610-00051024": "Only if you have the strength not to break up on the way,", "9kaw26ao-jM-00069-00051024-00051544": "you attempt that, otherwise it’s better to keep a little distance.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00070-00051544-00052001": "You look at on everything - it doesn’t matter for me whether it is good or bad, from", "9kaw26ao-jM-00071-00052002-00052655": "everything I keep a little distance, from everything.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00072-00052655-00053176": "“Now what is this Sadhguru, just in the beginning, you were talking about love, now", "9kaw26ao-jM-00073-00053176-00053933": "you are talking about distance?” Only because there is distance, you can love. Please know that.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00074-00053934-00054746": "If you create anything which is receptive, life will naturally come to it.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00075-00054746-00055500": "It doesn’t matter who you are; generally a womb is a natural space which has been created with that", "9kaw26ao-jM-00076-00055500-00056466": "possibility that if a little formation happens there, actually it’s just a meatball at that time.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00077-00056466-00057052": "It is a very wrong way to, obscene way of referring to you when you were a fetus in your mother’s womb,", "9kaw26ao-jM-00078-00057052-00057650": "an obscene way of saying it. I am saying it this way because I want you to understand it's just a meatball.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00079-00057650-00058117": "Even now you are just a meatball; except for the life process that is throbbing within", "9kaw26ao-jM-00080-00058117-00058416": "you, you are just a meatball, aren’t you?", "9kaw26ao-jM-00081-00058416-00058800": "Tch, “What is this Sadhguru?", "9kaw26ao-jM-00082-00058800-00060000": "All these insults - meatball, water body (Few laugh), what else are you going to call us?”", "9kaw26ao-jM-00083-00060000-00060650": "If the life doesn’t throb within you, you are just a meatball.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00084-00060650-00061708": "If a tiger walks in right now, he goes for you, he sees you as a meatball, I want you to know (Laughter).", "9kaw26ao-jM-00085-00061708-00061929": "Yes or no? Meditators: Yes.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00086-00061929-00062679": "Sadhguru: He doesn’t see you as a possibility for enlightenment.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00087-00062679-00063163": "He doesn’t see you as some great something.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00088-00063163-00063732": "He sees you as a meatball, and he will treat you as a meatball and he will make you into a meatball.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00089-00063732-00064076": "(Laughter). Yes or no?", "9kaw26ao-jM-00090-00064076-00064828": "If you don’t like it, if you want to experiment, walk into the forest and see (Laughs).", "9kaw26ao-jM-00091-00064828-00065810": "An elephant may treat you as a football (Laughter) but the tiger will treat you as a meatball.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00092-00065810-00066696": "Football you are not, some of you are working towards it (Laughter), but you are not a football.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00093-00066696-00067560": "That’s a wrong perception of the elephant. But tiger’s perception is right; you are a meatball, isn't it?", "9kaw26ao-jM-00094-00067560-00068018": "So before life entered, you are definitely a meatball.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00095-00068018-00068920": "But suddenly, suddenly the moment this life entered, suddenly this just meatball", "9kaw26ao-jM-00096-00068920-00069782": "becomes a live process and a tremendous possibility.  A little meatball, what a possibility it's become?", "9kaw26ao-jM-00097-00069782-00070290": "That be… meatball also became a Buddha, that meatball also became a Krishna,", "9kaw26ao-jM-00098-00070290-00070786": "that meatball became so many wonderful things on this planet.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00099-00070786-00071438": "So I want you to understand that today, what you are is not the point.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00100-00071438-00072100": "If you allow it to function - this process of life (Referring to oneself), if you allow it to burst open,", "9kaw26ao-jM-00101-00072100-00072614": "then the possibilities are immense.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00102-00072614-00073166": "Nature has delivered you here to this level of intelligence,", "9kaw26ao-jM-00103-00073166-00074116": "to this level of capability, to this level of consciousness, free. Total free ride, isn't it?", "9kaw26ao-jM-00104-00074116-00075336": "From being an amoeba, a single celled micro creature to what you are today - absolute  free ride, isn't it so?", "9kaw26ao-jM-00105-00075336-00075849": "Total free ride… without even you asking for it.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00106-00075849-00076719": "Here, just here, you are expected to do your own thing, and don’t treat it as a burden.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00107-00076720-00077538": "It is a privilege that now nature has decided, the creator has decided", "9kaw26ao-jM-00108-00077538-00078196": "that you are worthy of being given a choice as to how you live.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00109-00078196-00079240": "This is the greatest privilege that the creator himself has decided that you are worthy of  being given the choice", "9kaw26ao-jM-00110-00079240-00079944": "to be whichever way you want to be please prove your worthiness.  Don’t disappoint him.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00111-00079944-00080670": "Lot of people in the world are depressed simply because of the creator’s work.  Isn't it so?", "9kaw26ao-jM-00112-00080670-00081070": "(Laughs) They are questioning his judgment also.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00113-00081070-00081839": "That which is the very basis of who you are, that which brought you from being a single-celled micro creature", "9kaw26ao-jM-00114-00081840-00082518": "to who you are right now, without… unasked it brought you till here, you are questioning the judgment", "9kaw26ao-jM-00115-00082518-00083610": "of that also. “Why is creation like this, why it is like this?  It should have been some other way.”", "9kaw26ao-jM-00116-00083610-00084480": "This is not intelligence.  Don’t ever convince yourself to think this is intelligence.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00117-00084480-00084872": "This is the height of ignorance.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00118-00084872-00085526": "The privilege that has been handed over to you that now your life is your own,", "9kaw26ao-jM-00119-00085526-00086336": "everything is by choice; this moment how you are is your choice. Please enjoy the privilege.", "9kaw26ao-jM-00120-00086336-00087774": "Please exercise the privilege and only then you can say I am a full-fledged human being. May this happen to you."}}, {"audio_id": "9l34MILGFro", "text": {"9l34MILGFro-00000-00000079-00000304": "good morning good afternoon wherever", "9l34MILGFro-00001-00000224-00000648": "this may be", "9l34MILGFro-00002-00000304-00000855": "i'm bill stump i'm the", "9l34MILGFro-00003-00000648-00001159": "extension plant pathologist and", "9l34MILGFro-00004-00000855-00001328": "caitlin youngquist will also be", "9l34MILGFro-00005-00001159-00001504": "participating on this presentation", "9l34MILGFro-00006-00001328-00001680": "we're gonning to talk about field burning i", "9l34MILGFro-00007-00001504-00001864": "mean we get a lot of questions", "9l34MILGFro-00008-00001680-00002127": "about field burning since it's still", "9l34MILGFro-00009-00001864-00002327": "fairly allowed in wyoming in terms of", "9l34MILGFro-00010-00002127-00002464": "controlling plant residues and we're", "9l34MILGFro-00011-00002327-00002672": "going to talk about", "9l34MILGFro-00012-00002464-00002800": "about the impacts on", "9l34MILGFro-00013-00002672-00002951": "crop diseases", "9l34MILGFro-00014-00002800-00003376": "and then caitlin is going to talk about", "9l34MILGFro-00015-00002951-00003376": "how this affects soil nutrients", "9l34MILGFro-00016-00003423-00003832": "so for wyoming standpoints it's mostly", "9l34MILGFro-00017-00003728-00004087": "going to be", "9l34MILGFro-00018-00003832-00004255": "burning corn and barley stubble probably", "9l34MILGFro-00019-00004087-00004384": "and those kind of production scenarios", "9l34MILGFro-00020-00004255-00004560": "so i'm going to cover", "9l34MILGFro-00021-00004384-00004823": "some of the diseases that may be found", "9l34MILGFro-00022-00004560-00005023": "in those in those cropping situations", "9l34MILGFro-00023-00004823-00005271": "and how we're going to talk about is", "9l34MILGFro-00024-00005023-00005455": "this is a good disease management tool", "9l34MILGFro-00025-00005271-00005639": "and then caitlin's going to talk about", "9l34MILGFro-00026-00005455-00005871": "you know is there potential loss of", "9l34MILGFro-00027-00005639-00006176": "nutrients in the soil and houses", "9l34MILGFro-00028-00005871-00006519": "impact our soil in soil health", "9l34MILGFro-00029-00006176-00006519": "long term when you're burning", "9l34MILGFro-00030-00006528-00006904": "so it's no surprise that most of our", "9l34MILGFro-00031-00006759-00007176": "foliar diseases that we", "9l34MILGFro-00032-00006904-00007295": "deal with will survive in crop residue", "9l34MILGFro-00033-00007176-00007592": "so that's why", "9l34MILGFro-00034-00007295-00007656": "crop burning has been a top time honored", "9l34MILGFro-00035-00007592-00007895": "tradition", "9l34MILGFro-00036-00007656-00007968": "in terms of trying to manage diseases", "9l34MILGFro-00037-00007895-00008200": "because", "9l34MILGFro-00038-00007968-00008304": "most of most of the foliar diseases and", "9l34MILGFro-00039-00008200-00008536": "i'll show a quick", "9l34MILGFro-00040-00008304-00008615": "life cycles on how this how this", "9l34MILGFro-00041-00008536-00008879": "comes about", "9l34MILGFro-00042-00008615-00009047": "and some vascular diseases will survive", "9l34MILGFro-00043-00008879-00009264": "for a number of years in crop residues", "9l34MILGFro-00044-00009047-00009488": "sometimes up to two years", "9l34MILGFro-00045-00009264-00009568": "and typically we will kind of manage", "9l34MILGFro-00046-00009488-00009872": "that by", "9l34MILGFro-00047-00009568-00010032": "proper crop rotations and sometimes with", "9l34MILGFro-00048-00009872-00010279": "tillage by incorporating that", "9l34MILGFro-00049-00010032-00010360": "residue into the soil but the problem", "9l34MILGFro-00050-00010279-00010639": "we're facing", "9l34MILGFro-00051-00010360-00010815": "now is with the adoption of minimum", "9l34MILGFro-00052-00010639-00010888": "tillage systems in a lot of areas in the", "9l34MILGFro-00053-00010815-00011064": "country", "9l34MILGFro-00054-00010888-00011232": "we're starting to see an uprising", "9l34MILGFro-00055-00011064-00011584": "certain foliar diseases because we're", "9l34MILGFro-00056-00011232-00011584": "not managing that residue", "9l34MILGFro-00057-00011615-00011960": "also in wyoming can be an issue", "9l34MILGFro-00058-00011775-00012104": "especially with the corn barley if there", "9l34MILGFro-00059-00011960-00012256": "are any rotations", "9l34MILGFro-00060-00012104-00012424": "there are several diseases that actually", "9l34MILGFro-00061-00012256-00012816": "will infect both crops", "9l34MILGFro-00062-00012424-00013047": "and therefore that can be a real problem", "9l34MILGFro-00063-00012816-00013223": "so in barley these are this this is just", "9l34MILGFro-00064-00013047-00013423": "a few of the diseases the more major", "9l34MILGFro-00065-00013223-00013759": "diseases we might find in wyoming", "9l34MILGFro-00066-00013423-00013936": "um that will survive in crop residue and", "9l34MILGFro-00067-00013759-00014168": "some of these are bacterial and some are", "9l34MILGFro-00068-00013936-00014416": "fungal  spot blotch", "9l34MILGFro-00069-00014168-00014544": "scab or head blight are both fungal we", "9l34MILGFro-00070-00014416-00014712": "have black chaff", "9l34MILGFro-00071-00014544-00014880": "or bacterial leaf streak which are", "9l34MILGFro-00072-00014712-00015087": "bacterial diseases", "9l34MILGFro-00073-00014880-00015256": "net blotch which is fungal powdery", "9l34MILGFro-00074-00015087-00015456": "mildew of course is fungal", "9l34MILGFro-00075-00015256-00015647": "and then septoria was also a fungal", "9l34MILGFro-00076-00015456-00016000": "disease that can all survive", "9l34MILGFro-00077-00015647-00016119": "in barley residues and this just shows", "9l34MILGFro-00078-00016000-00016336": "real quick i'm not going to spend a lot", "9l34MILGFro-00079-00016119-00016456": "of time this is septoria leaf spot the", "9l34MILGFro-00080-00016336-00016744": "life cycle", "9l34MILGFro-00081-00016456-00016904": "but if you look over here survives on", "9l34MILGFro-00082-00016744-00017112": "infected crop degree", "9l34MILGFro-00083-00016904-00017280": "degree so what it does is it forms these", "9l34MILGFro-00084-00017112-00017544": "fruiting bodies here these", "9l34MILGFro-00085-00017280-00017672": "conspicuous black dots here are fungal", "9l34MILGFro-00086-00017544-00017895": "fruiting bodies", "9l34MILGFro-00087-00017672-00018080": "and that can survive in crop debris and", "9l34MILGFro-00088-00017895-00018256": "as that lays on the soil surface the", "9l34MILGFro-00089-00018080-00018431": "following spring", "9l34MILGFro-00090-00018256-00018680": "those little black circles or little", "9l34MILGFro-00091-00018431-00018887": "black dots can start producing spores", "9l34MILGFro-00092-00018680-00019040": "that can infect the new crop and so", "9l34MILGFro-00093-00018887-00019223": "that's how the life cycles", "9l34MILGFro-00094-00019040-00019351": "will continue and that's how the", "9l34MILGFro-00095-00019223-00019728": "pathogen will", "9l34MILGFro-00096-00019351-00019728": "persist in the absence of a host", "9l34MILGFro-00097-00019744-00020112": "same thing with scab or headlight of", "9l34MILGFro-00098-00019920-00020408": "barley which affects both", "9l34MILGFro-00099-00020112-00020495": "corn and barley in the barley it infects", "9l34MILGFro-00100-00020408-00020687": "the heads", "9l34MILGFro-00101-00020495-00020856": "and so you get these shriveled heads and", "9l34MILGFro-00102-00020687-00021048": "these white heads", "9l34MILGFro-00103-00020856-00021264": "you'll get these orange spore masses", "9l34MILGFro-00104-00021048-00021479": "things like that but it'll also produce", "9l34MILGFro-00105-00021264-00021679": "those little fruiting bodies and then as", "9l34MILGFro-00106-00021479-00021776": "that falls into the soil like either", "9l34MILGFro-00107-00021679-00022056": "infected", "9l34MILGFro-00108-00021776-00022192": "seed or spike tissue or just little bits", "9l34MILGFro-00109-00022056-00022351": "of straw", "9l34MILGFro-00110-00022192-00022504": "it can survive and then the following", "9l34MILGFro-00111-00022351-00022687": "year those spores are produced and in", "9l34MILGFro-00112-00022504-00022904": "fact that crop which could be corn", "9l34MILGFro-00113-00022687-00023000": "or maybe another barley crop and then", "9l34MILGFro-00114-00022904-00023359": "corn", "9l34MILGFro-00115-00023000-00023615": "it causes a   stem rot", "9l34MILGFro-00116-00023359-00023743": "a gibberella stock rot it's the same", "9l34MILGFro-00117-00023615-00023904": "pathogen", "9l34MILGFro-00118-00023743-00024120": "just causes a different disease in a", "9l34MILGFro-00119-00023904-00024295": "different crop but therefore if you have", "9l34MILGFro-00120-00024120-00024431": "these in your crop rotations and if you", "9l34MILGFro-00121-00024295-00024695": "have a lot of residue", "9l34MILGFro-00122-00024431-00025000": "these this disease can be a problem both", "9l34MILGFro-00123-00024695-00025000": "cropping systems", "9l34MILGFro-00124-00025079-00025400": "so in corn diseases that will survive in", "9l34MILGFro-00125-00025279-00025551": "residue", "9l34MILGFro-00126-00025400-00025760": "again we just talked about all these", "9l34MILGFro-00127-00025551-00025951": "stock rots there's a fair number of", "9l34MILGFro-00128-00025760-00026032": "bacterial diseases that will survive in", "9l34MILGFro-00129-00025951-00026408": "residue", "9l34MILGFro-00130-00026032-00026583": "and some foliar diseases and again", "9l34MILGFro-00131-00026408-00026800": "most of these are becoming a problem", "9l34MILGFro-00132-00026583-00026983": "because some growers are going to", "9l34MILGFro-00133-00026800-00027175": "continuous corn and wyoming is no", "9l34MILGFro-00134-00026983-00027416": "exception where we have a lot of growers", "9l34MILGFro-00135-00027175-00027568": "growing continuous corn and also adopted", "9l34MILGFro-00136-00027416-00027775": "with minimum tillage", "9l34MILGFro-00137-00027568-00028056": "therefore if you got you get this huge", "9l34MILGFro-00138-00027775-00028263": "buildup of residues on the soil surface", "9l34MILGFro-00139-00028056-00028512": "and a lot of these pathogens can really", "9l34MILGFro-00140-00028263-00028704": "survive and do quite well", "9l34MILGFro-00141-00028512-00028944": "we've seen a an outbreak in some of", "9l34MILGFro-00142-00028704-00029080": "these bacterial diseases as well begin", "9l34MILGFro-00143-00028944-00029360": "again because people are going to", "9l34MILGFro-00144-00029080-00029527": "minimum tillage and continuous cropping", "9l34MILGFro-00145-00029360-00029663": "and again the bacteria will survive in", "9l34MILGFro-00146-00029527-00029839": "the crop residue and", "9l34MILGFro-00147-00029663-00030063": "infect that crop then in the following", "9l34MILGFro-00148-00029839-00030063": "year", "9l34MILGFro-00149-00030072-00030375": "so typically when we do crop rotations", "9l34MILGFro-00150-00030312-00030527": "and", "9l34MILGFro-00151-00030375-00030727": "coupled with some kind of tillage", "9l34MILGFro-00152-00030527-00030880": "implements we can eliminate that", "9l34MILGFro-00153-00030727-00031047": "inoculum source by", "9l34MILGFro-00154-00030880-00031280": "burying that residue and things like", "9l34MILGFro-00155-00031047-00031383": "that or using a different crop host", "9l34MILGFro-00156-00031280-00031552": "where that", "9l34MILGFro-00157-00031383-00031816": "pathogen will eventually just kind of", "9l34MILGFro-00158-00031552-00031816": "peter out", "9l34MILGFro-00159-00031975-00032344": "so there's always been talk about", "9l34MILGFro-00160-00032119-00032488": "know how well does burning then work for", "9l34MILGFro-00161-00032344-00032712": "disease management", "9l34MILGFro-00162-00032488-00032847": "and if you look back in the historical", "9l34MILGFro-00163-00032712-00033056": "records you know they've been", "9l34MILGFro-00164-00032847-00033224": "burning crops for as long almost as long", "9l34MILGFro-00165-00033056-00033480": "as man has been", "9l34MILGFro-00166-00033224-00033584": "tilling the soil you know it's always a", "9l34MILGFro-00167-00033480-00033760": "great way to", "9l34MILGFro-00168-00033584-00034000": "get rid of crop residues and things like", "9l34MILGFro-00169-00033760-00034063": "that but the problem is i dived into the", "9l34MILGFro-00170-00034000-00034247": "research", "9l34MILGFro-00171-00034063-00034463": "there really wasn't a lot of research on", "9l34MILGFro-00172-00034247-00034672": "this and most of the reports of the", "9l34MILGFro-00173-00034463-00034896": "efficacy are mostly anecdotal", "9l34MILGFro-00174-00034672-00035056": "you know like so and so did it for years", "9l34MILGFro-00175-00034896-00035224": "and it did great and things like that", "9l34MILGFro-00176-00035056-00035368": "but there wasn't a lot of research", "9l34MILGFro-00177-00035224-00035575": "assigned to it", "9l34MILGFro-00178-00035368-00035768": "and a lot of our examples comes from", "9l34MILGFro-00179-00035575-00035888": "grass seed production in the pacific", "9l34MILGFro-00180-00035768-00036103": "northwest", "9l34MILGFro-00181-00035888-00036247": "historically those guys always burn", "9l34MILGFro-00182-00036103-00036575": "their fields", "9l34MILGFro-00183-00036247-00036880": "since the late 40s and um", "9l34MILGFro-00184-00036575-00037056": "recently they've because of uh you know", "9l34MILGFro-00185-00036880-00037152": "most people going into urban areas and", "9l34MILGFro-00186-00037056-00037456": "rural areas", "9l34MILGFro-00187-00037152-00037663": "there's a lot more uh people out against", "9l34MILGFro-00188-00037456-00037800": "burning so they are starting to not burn", "9l34MILGFro-00189-00037663-00037936": "as much and that's why some of these", "9l34MILGFro-00190-00037800-00038024": "seed companies have actually moved to", "9l34MILGFro-00191-00037936-00038175": "wyoming", "9l34MILGFro-00192-00038024-00038336": "so they continue those production", "9l34MILGFro-00193-00038175-00038503": "practices", "9l34MILGFro-00194-00038336-00038672": "but the problem is we've seen a lot of", "9l34MILGFro-00195-00038503-00038872": "inconsistent results when i look at the", "9l34MILGFro-00196-00038672-00039119": "research", "9l34MILGFro-00197-00038872-00039280": "you know the results aren't that great", "9l34MILGFro-00198-00039119-00039408": "and the problem is when you think about", "9l34MILGFro-00199-00039280-00039640": "a burning field is", "9l34MILGFro-00200-00039408-00039775": "it's just you get inadequate duration of", "9l34MILGFro-00201-00039640-00039952": "the field sometimes", "9l34MILGFro-00202-00039775-00040144": "if there's a stiff wind or something", "9l34MILGFro-00203-00039952-00040368": "like that or it's really dry", "9l34MILGFro-00204-00040144-00040528": "that crop will burn really quickly and", "9l34MILGFro-00205-00040368-00040752": "so therefore the burn", "9l34MILGFro-00206-00040528-00041000": "is not long enough to be lethal to a lot", "9l34MILGFro-00207-00040752-00041256": "of the inoculum sources", "9l34MILGFro-00208-00041000-00041408": "also you'll get non-uniform berms you", "9l34MILGFro-00209-00041256-00041575": "know if you've got a lot of green weeds", "9l34MILGFro-00210-00041408-00041768": "in your field and things like that or", "9l34MILGFro-00211-00041575-00041952": "little swales and things like that wet", "9l34MILGFro-00212-00041768-00042191": "areas you get", "9l34MILGFro-00213-00041952-00042288": "very inconsistent burns it's not very", "9l34MILGFro-00214-00042191-00042536": "uniform", "9l34MILGFro-00215-00042288-00042736": "it's kind of like here where we had", "9l34MILGFro-00216-00042536-00042824": "these big forest fires and they report", "9l34MILGFro-00217-00042736-00043040": "like", "9l34MILGFro-00218-00042824-00043168": "this area of all these forests being", "9l34MILGFro-00219-00043040-00043391": "burned up in the", "9l34MILGFro-00220-00043168-00043512": "medicine bow national forest and when i", "9l34MILGFro-00221-00043391-00043663": "actually drove through that area a", "9l34MILGFro-00222-00043512-00043872": "little a couple of weeks ago i was kind", "9l34MILGFro-00223-00043663-00044031": "of surprised it was kind of a mosaic", "9l34MILGFro-00224-00043872-00044191": "and the same thing happens in your field", "9l34MILGFro-00225-00044031-00044344": "you get areas where you just don't get", "9l34MILGFro-00226-00044191-00044512": "very good burns", "9l34MILGFro-00227-00044344-00044768": "um especially if you've got a little", "9l34MILGFro-00228-00044512-00044888": "topography and wet areas and again with", "9l34MILGFro-00229-00044768-00045200": "the green weeds", "9l34MILGFro-00230-00044888-00045431": "you know it's just can be inconsistent", "9l34MILGFro-00231-00045200-00045616": "and when you have the propagules right", "9l34MILGFro-00232-00045431-00045775": "on the soil surface", "9l34MILGFro-00233-00045616-00046103": "fire is really effective actually", "9l34MILGFro-00234-00045775-00046384": "against most fungi bacteria nematodes", "9l34MILGFro-00235-00046103-00046584": "insects and weed seeds i mean if it's", "9l34MILGFro-00236-00046384-00046696": "exposed directly to the flames it will", "9l34MILGFro-00237-00046584-00047031": "do a great job", "9l34MILGFro-00238-00046696-00047031": "on managing those pests", "9l34MILGFro-00239-00047087-00047472": "so here's some research and again this", "9l34MILGFro-00240-00047408-00047696": "stuff", "9l34MILGFro-00241-00047472-00047872": "i had to find some really old papers", "9l34MILGFro-00242-00047696-00048136": "and take some pictures of it", "9l34MILGFro-00243-00047872-00048175": "this is from well it must have been the", "9l34MILGFro-00244-00048136-00048384": "late", "9l34MILGFro-00245-00048175-00048600": "70s this looked at the incidence of", "9l34MILGFro-00246-00048384-00048991": "blind seed disease in oregon", "9l34MILGFro-00247-00048600-00049359": "on perennial rye grass and so this is a", "9l34MILGFro-00248-00048991-00049559": "fungal disease it was fairly", "9l34MILGFro-00249-00049359-00049768": "pretty much limiting in terms of", "9l34MILGFro-00250-00049559-00049856": "producing perennial ryegrass seed in", "9l34MILGFro-00251-00049768-00050112": "oregon", "9l34MILGFro-00252-00049856-00050280": "and it would infect the seeds an", "9l34MILGFro-00253-00050112-00050456": "infected seed then would fall to the", "9l34MILGFro-00254-00050280-00050608": "ground and it would be in the stubble", "9l34MILGFro-00255-00050456-00050759": "and that would reinfect the crops the", "9l34MILGFro-00256-00050608-00050959": "following years", "9l34MILGFro-00257-00050759-00051295": "so you can see here on the far left from", "9l34MILGFro-00258-00050959-00051447": "44 to 49 before they instigated burning", "9l34MILGFro-00259-00051295-00051615": "they had some pretty these are the", "9l34MILGFro-00260-00051447-00051688": "different levels of infestation of the", "9l34MILGFro-00261-00051615-00051888": "disease", "9l34MILGFro-00262-00051688-00052191": "they had quite a bit of disease", "9l34MILGFro-00263-00051888-00052472": "incidence of this blind seed disease", "9l34MILGFro-00264-00052191-00052544": "once they started burning though they", "9l34MILGFro-00265-00052472-00052832": "really saw", "9l34MILGFro-00266-00052544-00053008": "a marked reduction in the amount of", "9l34MILGFro-00267-00052832-00053208": "disease in those fields", "9l34MILGFro-00268-00053008-00053416": "so this was a really good example one of", "9l34MILGFro-00269-00053208-00053744": "the few examples of really good", "9l34MILGFro-00270-00053416-00053936": "efficacy of using flame and burning of", "9l34MILGFro-00271-00053744-00054208": "the crop residues to manage a particular", "9l34MILGFro-00272-00053936-00054208": "plant disease", "9l34MILGFro-00273-00054232-00054655": "this was another this is a table looking", "9l34MILGFro-00274-00054439-00054848": "at various again these are all", "9l34MILGFro-00275-00054655-00055024": "grass seed production systems in the", "9l34MILGFro-00276-00054848-00055272": "pacific northwest", "9l34MILGFro-00277-00055024-00055479": "this is in western oregon we've got the", "9l34MILGFro-00278-00055272-00055936": "grasses here perennial rye grass", "9l34MILGFro-00279-00055479-00056151": "tall fescue blue grass chewing's fescue", "9l34MILGFro-00280-00055936-00056351": "orchard grass and then the year the", "9l34MILGFro-00281-00056151-00056527": "burning started so again these are all", "9l34MILGFro-00282-00056351-00056736": "really old production practices in the", "9l34MILGFro-00283-00056527-00057048": "late 40s early 50s", "9l34MILGFro-00284-00056736-00057304": "and somebody actually did go through and", "9l34MILGFro-00285-00057048-00057479": "kind of take note over the years of how", "9l34MILGFro-00286-00057304-00057672": "much disease management they got and", "9l34MILGFro-00287-00057479-00057936": "they got good control on us", "9l34MILGFro-00288-00057672-00058216": "a number of different diseases blind", "9l34MILGFro-00289-00057936-00058448": "seed disease that we talked about ergot", "9l34MILGFro-00290-00058216-00058639": "which we do have problems in wyoming", "9l34MILGFro-00291-00058448-00058864": "silver top", "9l34MILGFro-00292-00058639-00059000": "some nematodes so we had some pretty", "9l34MILGFro-00293-00058864-00059167": "good control with that", "9l34MILGFro-00294-00059000-00059288": "with field burning and then there were", "9l34MILGFro-00295-00059167-00059479": "some other ones that were partially", "9l34MILGFro-00296-00059288-00059544": "controlled you know just didn't work as", "9l34MILGFro-00297-00059479-00059760": "well", "9l34MILGFro-00298-00059544-00059879": "a lot of fungal diseases rust and things", "9l34MILGFro-00299-00059760-00060104": "like that where", "9l34MILGFro-00300-00059879-00060264": "you know this kind of system didn't", "9l34MILGFro-00301-00060104-00060464": "didn't work all that great", "9l34MILGFro-00302-00060264-00060576": "so again inconsistent results but for", "9l34MILGFro-00303-00060464-00060864": "certain diseases", "9l34MILGFro-00304-00060576-00060864": "it worked pretty well", "9l34MILGFro-00305-00060904-00061279": "and then this was pretty interesting too", "9l34MILGFro-00306-00061072-00061351": "this just showed the effect of stubble", "9l34MILGFro-00307-00061279-00061591": "burning", "9l34MILGFro-00308-00061351-00061783": "on the viability of ergot sclerosis i", "9l34MILGFro-00309-00061591-00062016": "did find a specific", "9l34MILGFro-00310-00061783-00062160": "ergot presentation here in terms of", "9l34MILGFro-00311-00062016-00062407": "research on it", "9l34MILGFro-00312-00062160-00062520": "and they found that if you have the", "9l34MILGFro-00313-00062407-00062839": "ergot which is this", "9l34MILGFro-00314-00062520-00063000": "um which is the survival mechanist", "9l34MILGFro-00315-00062839-00063167": "structure of the fungus which is like", "9l34MILGFro-00316-00063000-00063376": "they look like little they look like", "9l34MILGFro-00317-00063167-00063432": "mice poop actually they're sclerosis", "9l34MILGFro-00318-00063376-00063648": "they're", "9l34MILGFro-00319-00063432-00063912": "fungal tissues so they're very", "9l34MILGFro-00320-00063648-00064232": "small about the size of a", "9l34MILGFro-00321-00063912-00064391": "small grain and", "9l34MILGFro-00322-00064232-00064600": "so it can fall to the ground and then", "9l34MILGFro-00323-00064391-00064767": "the following year those will sometimes", "9l34MILGFro-00324-00064600-00064951": "produce little tiny mushrooms that will", "9l34MILGFro-00325-00064767-00065055": "produce spores that will start the", "9l34MILGFro-00326-00064951-00065416": "disease", "9l34MILGFro-00327-00065055-00065648": "cycle so they found that", "9l34MILGFro-00328-00065416-00065832": "the sclerotia were on the ground 88 percent of", "9l34MILGFro-00329-00065648-00066007": "those actually were viable the following", "9l34MILGFro-00330-00065832-00066312": "year and were able to germinate", "9l34MILGFro-00331-00066007-00066512": "produce primary inoculum now if they", "9l34MILGFro-00332-00066312-00066720": "were on the surface of the soil", "9l34MILGFro-00333-00066512-00066848": "right on this on the top and then there", "9l34MILGFro-00334-00066720-00067080": "was a fire", "9l34MILGFro-00335-00066848-00067160": "they had zero percent germination so", "9l34MILGFro-00336-00067080-00067400": "effectively", "9l34MILGFro-00337-00067160-00067495": "eliminated all that sclerotia with that", "9l34MILGFro-00338-00067400-00067672": "fire", "9l34MILGFro-00339-00067495-00067848": "but then you notice here too once it", "9l34MILGFro-00340-00067672-00068032": "starts getting buried", "9l34MILGFro-00341-00067848-00068224": "under the soil because soil is a great", "9l34MILGFro-00342-00068032-00068416": "insulator against fire", "9l34MILGFro-00343-00068224-00068727": "um even if it's buried just one", "9l34MILGFro-00344-00068416-00069016": "centimeter under the stubble", "9l34MILGFro-00345-00068727-00069072": "you only got about you still had 25 of", "9l34MILGFro-00346-00069016-00069360": "those", "9l34MILGFro-00347-00069072-00069512": "ergots that were viable after a fire and", "9l34MILGFro-00348-00069360-00069824": "if you double the burial depth", "9l34MILGFro-00349-00069512-00069968": "just two centimeters 63 of those things", "9l34MILGFro-00350-00069824-00070120": "are still viable so", "9l34MILGFro-00351-00069968-00070304": "again it just shows that there's a", "9l34MILGFro-00352-00070120-00070495": "little bit of soil mixing or", "9l34MILGFro-00353-00070304-00070656": "even under that stubble a little bit", "9l34MILGFro-00354-00070495-00070807": "it's just not going to get exposed to", "9l34MILGFro-00355-00070656-00071000": "that fire", "9l34MILGFro-00356-00070807-00071239": "now again if it was under the sur on the", "9l34MILGFro-00357-00071000-00071239": "surface", "9l34MILGFro-00358-00071295-00071639": "with some stubble or trash with no cover", "9l34MILGFro-00359-00071520-00071839": "again", "9l34MILGFro-00360-00071639-00072056": "it's directly exposed to that fire and", "9l34MILGFro-00361-00071839-00072239": "it directly controls that", "9l34MILGFro-00362-00072056-00072368": "so the bottom line is what i'm saying is", "9l34MILGFro-00363-00072239-00072632": "you know again there hasn't been a lot", "9l34MILGFro-00364-00072368-00073039": "of research especially in wyoming", "9l34MILGFro-00365-00072632-00073248": "how this would impact diseases and", "9l34MILGFro-00366-00073039-00073439": "you know i think it can work in some", "9l34MILGFro-00367-00073248-00073616": "instances and i've had some growers like", "9l34MILGFro-00368-00073439-00073856": "that told me they have burned", "9l34MILGFro-00369-00073616-00074000": "especially to control ergot and you know", "9l34MILGFro-00370-00073856-00074136": "if it's allowed in your area you know", "9l34MILGFro-00371-00074000-00074439": "why not i mean", "9l34MILGFro-00372-00074136-00074576": "it's something worthwhile i know a lot", "9l34MILGFro-00373-00074439-00074727": "of times bernie's under a lot of", "9l34MILGFro-00374-00074576-00074936": "scrutiny especially where you get more", "9l34MILGFro-00375-00074727-00075136": "people moving out into the country but", "9l34MILGFro-00376-00074936-00075272": "wyoming thankfully doesn't have as much", "9l34MILGFro-00377-00075136-00075448": "of that yet still", "9l34MILGFro-00378-00075272-00075648": "and so it can be viable for some of", "9l34MILGFro-00379-00075448-00075920": "these diseases i don't know", "9l34MILGFro-00380-00075648-00076136": "about the scab example i couldn't find", "9l34MILGFro-00381-00075920-00076368": "any examples of that one", "9l34MILGFro-00382-00076136-00076568": "but again anytime you can get rid of", "9l34MILGFro-00383-00076368-00076768": "stubble and things like that", "9l34MILGFro-00384-00076568-00076960": "now i know the soils people get kind of", "9l34MILGFro-00385-00076768-00077168": "mad at me a lot of times because", "9l34MILGFro-00386-00076960-00077407": "i wantt to emphasize that minimum", "9l34MILGFro-00387-00077168-00077648": "tillage the benefits of that", "9l34MILGFro-00388-00077407-00077816": "basically outweigh the  negative", "9l34MILGFro-00389-00077648-00077888": "effects of increased diseases so i", "9l34MILGFro-00390-00077816-00078272": "always want to", "9l34MILGFro-00391-00077888-00078463": "kind of leave that too um where you know", "9l34MILGFro-00392-00078272-00078624": "the impacts of minimum till in your soil", "9l34MILGFro-00393-00078463-00078863": "is so good that", "9l34MILGFro-00394-00078624-00079016": "you know a lot of people will will deal", "9l34MILGFro-00395-00078863-00079336": "with a little bit more diseases whether", "9l34MILGFro-00396-00079016-00079648": "they use fungicides or things like that", "9l34MILGFro-00397-00079336-00079839": "or just use a prescription type tillage", "9l34MILGFro-00398-00079648-00080088": "every few years or something like that", "9l34MILGFro-00399-00079839-00080280": "it could probably greatly improve on", "9l34MILGFro-00400-00080088-00080488": "some of these systems", "9l34MILGFro-00401-00080280-00080672": "and that's all i have i think caitlyn if", "9l34MILGFro-00402-00080488-00080880": "you want to take over from here then", "9l34MILGFro-00403-00080672-00081072": "thanks bill i appreciate that um if", "9l34MILGFro-00404-00080880-00081583": "you'll stop sharing your screen i'll", "9l34MILGFro-00405-00081072-00081583": "start sharing mine here okay stop [ __ ]", "9l34MILGFro-00406-00081639-00082072": "i would like to explore some of the soil", "9l34MILGFro-00407-00081919-00082360": "impacts of field burning", "9l34MILGFro-00408-00082072-00082544": "as bill explained there are some", "9l34MILGFro-00409-00082360-00082632": "implications with disease control when", "9l34MILGFro-00410-00082544-00082816": "burning", "9l34MILGFro-00411-00082632-00083000": "crop residue but as a soil", "9l34MILGFro-00412-00082816-00083168": "scientist i'm particularly interested in", "9l34MILGFro-00413-00083000-00083368": "what nutrients are lost", "9l34MILGFro-00414-00083168-00083495": "and how it impacts soil carbon so i'm", "9l34MILGFro-00415-00083368-00084248": "going to share a little bit", "9l34MILGFro-00416-00083495-00084392": "with you on that topic", "9l34MILGFro-00417-00084248-00084632": "so first i think it's important to", "9l34MILGFro-00418-00084392-00084832": "understand what kind of nutrients are in", "9l34MILGFro-00419-00084632-00084895": "crop residue and for this example i'm", "9l34MILGFro-00420-00084832-00085216": "going to use", "9l34MILGFro-00421-00084895-00085536": "barley and wheat straw and corn stover", "9l34MILGFro-00422-00085216-00085695": "so you can see here  i averaged out a", "9l34MILGFro-00423-00085536-00085824": "few numbers i pulled some numbers from a", "9l34MILGFro-00424-00085695-00085968": "variety of different resources and", "9l34MILGFro-00425-00085824-00086039": "averaged them out for the purposes of", "9l34MILGFro-00426-00085968-00086400": "our", "9l34MILGFro-00427-00086039-00086712": "exploration today so we're looking at", "9l34MILGFro-00428-00086400-00086883": "barley and wheat straw has an average of", "9l34MILGFro-00429-00086712-00087180": "about 0.7 pecent", "9l34MILGFro-00430-00086883-00087344": "nitrogen about 0.15 percent", "9l34MILGFro-00431-00087180-00087648": "p205", "9l34MILGFro-00432-00087344-00087895": "and about 1.4 percent k2o", "9l34MILGFro-00433-00087648-00088048": "0.2 sulfur and about 414:38.959,0:14:42.160 one percent carbon", "9l34MILGFro-00434-00088048-00088407": "and you'll see that across that there's", "9l34MILGFro-00435-00088216-00088568": "a range of values here but again", "9l34MILGFro-00436-00088407-00088839": "corn has averaged a little higher", "9l34MILGFro-00437-00088568-00089127": "nitrogen um p2o5", "9l34MILGFro-00438-00088839-00089263": "potassium and a little lower sulfur and", "9l34MILGFro-00439-00089127-00089432": "about the same carbon", "9l34MILGFro-00440-00089263-00089583": "so keep that in mind as we go through", "9l34MILGFro-00441-00089432-00089816": "these numbers here", "9l34MILGFro-00442-00089583-00090063": "um and look at how these how these what", "9l34MILGFro-00443-00089816-00090392": "kinds of nutrients are lost from burning", "9l34MILGFro-00444-00090063-00090536": "so if we   burn the crop residue what", "9l34MILGFro-00445-00090392-00090712": "we're looking at is a greater than 90", "9l34MILGFro-00446-00090536-00090880": "percent loss of nitrogen whatever", "9l34MILGFro-00447-00090712-00091000": "nitrogen is in that residue almost all", "9l34MILGFro-00448-00090880-00091263": "of it's gone", "9l34MILGFro-00449-00091000-00091336": "about 20 percent of our phosphorus about", "9l34MILGFro-00450-00091263-00091656": "35 percent", "9l34MILGFro-00451-00091336-00091807": "of our potassium about 75 percent of our sulfur", "9l34MILGFro-00452-00091656-00091880": "and greater than 90 percent of our", "9l34MILGFro-00453-00091807-00092119": "carbon", "9l34MILGFro-00454-00091880-00092327": "are gone they're up in smoke once we", "9l34MILGFro-00455-00092119-00092512": "burn that crop residue", "9l34MILGFro-00456-00092327-00092695": "so if we use those numbers the average", "9l34MILGFro-00457-00092512-00092936": "nutrient content of the", "9l34MILGFro-00458-00092695-00093095": "either barley or wheat or corn and we", "9l34MILGFro-00459-00092936-00093151": "think about what percent is actually", "9l34MILGFro-00460-00093095-00093327": "lost", "9l34MILGFro-00461-00093151-00093575": "during the burning process loss on", "9l34MILGFro-00462-00093327-00093712": "ignition then we can extrapolate to get", "9l34MILGFro-00463-00093575-00094039": "some numbers", "9l34MILGFro-00464-00093712-00094424": "um for pounds of nutrient lost", "9l34MILGFro-00465-00094039-00094672": "per ton of crop residue so for every one", "9l34MILGFro-00466-00094424-00094904": "ton of corn residue that's burned", "9l34MILGFro-00467-00094672-00095016": "approximately 23 pounds of nitrogen is", "9l34MILGFro-00468-00094904-00095336": "gonna be lost", "9l34MILGFro-00469-00095016-00095480": "about one pound of p205 about 11 pounds", "9l34MILGFro-00470-00095336-00095927": "of", "9l34MILGFro-00471-00095480-00096080": "k2o and about 2 pounds of sulfur and 738", "9l34MILGFro-00472-00095927-00096200": "pounds of carbon", "9l34MILGFro-00473-00096080-00096383": "and you can see those are similar", "9l34MILGFro-00474-00096200-00096688": "numbers there for wheat and barley", "9l34MILGFro-00475-00096383-00096816": "so consider that um that we have", "9l34MILGFro-00476-00096688-00096983": "in order to figure out what's the loss", "9l34MILGFro-00477-00096816-00097048": "on ignition we have to take into account", "9l34MILGFro-00478-00096983-00097239": "the", "9l34MILGFro-00479-00097048-00097375": "nutrient  content of", "9l34MILGFro-00480-00097239-00097616": "the crop residue", "9l34MILGFro-00481-00097375-00097856": "and how much is actually lost during", "9l34MILGFro-00482-00097616-00097856": "burning", "9l34MILGFro-00483-00098032-00098375": "now if we take that a little bit further", "9l34MILGFro-00484-00098207-00098512": "and we want to look at what the actual", "9l34MILGFro-00485-00098375-00098744": "cost is using", "9l34MILGFro-00486-00098512-00098992": "fertilizer numbers our prices from the", "9l34MILGFro-00487-00098744-00099175": "last six months", "9l34MILGFro-00488-00098992-00099319": "we can look at again taking the numbers", "9l34MILGFro-00489-00099175-00099495": "for loss on ignition the pounds of", "9l34MILGFro-00490-00099319-00099632": "nutrient that are lost per ton of", "9l34MILGFro-00491-00099495-00099968": "residue that's burned", "9l34MILGFro-00492-00099632-00100039": "and we can use those average nutrient", "9l34MILGFro-00493-00099968-00100304": "prices", "9l34MILGFro-00494-00100039-00100527": "nutrient values and then if we make an", "9l34MILGFro-00495-00100304-00100719": "assumption of two tons per acre", "9l34MILGFro-00496-00100527-00100839": "are burned just to give us a number to", "9l34MILGFro-00497-00100719-00101024": "work with", "9l34MILGFro-00498-00100839-00101207": "that means that for every if we assume", "9l34MILGFro-00499-00101024-00101280": "two tons per acre are burned of wheat or", "9l34MILGFro-00500-00101207-00101495": "barley", "9l34MILGFro-00501-00101280-00101616": "straw that costs us just over ten", "9l34MILGFro-00502-00101495-00101927": "dollars", "9l34MILGFro-00503-00101616-00102080": "in terms of nitrogen loss about 23", "9l34MILGFro-00504-00101927-00102295": "cents of phosphorus three", "9l34MILGFro-00505-00102080-00102479": "just over three dollars of potassium", "9l34MILGFro-00506-00102295-00102743": "almost three dollars of sulfur", "9l34MILGFro-00507-00102479-00102791": "for a total of about 17 and a little bit", "9l34MILGFro-00508-00102743-00102983": "more", "9l34MILGFro-00509-00102791-00103152": "for corn so keep this in mind we're", "9l34MILGFro-00510-00102983-00103288": "assuming two tons per acre are burned", "9l34MILGFro-00511-00103152-00103519": "and we're using the", "9l34MILGFro-00512-00103288-00103616": "fertilizer prices here in the top", "9l34MILGFro-00513-00103519-00103840": "left corner", "9l34MILGFro-00514-00103616-00104031": "now obviously these numbers will change", "9l34MILGFro-00515-00103840-00104111": "depending on how much is actually burned", "9l34MILGFro-00516-00104031-00104400": "and what the", "9l34MILGFro-00517-00104111-00104495": "fertilizer prices are but this gives you", "9l34MILGFro-00518-00104400-00104703": "an idea", "9l34MILGFro-00519-00104495-00104903": "of the estimated cost per acre that", "9l34MILGFro-00520-00104703-00105383": "you're losing when you burn", "9l34MILGFro-00521-00104903-00105383": "uh wheat barley or corn stubble", "9l34MILGFro-00522-00105391-00105888": "so what happens if you bail it again go", "9l34MILGFro-00523-00105688-00106055": "back to our previous numbers on", "9l34MILGFro-00524-00105888-00106200": "the nutrient content of crop residue", "9l34MILGFro-00525-00106055-00106367": "that i showed you earlier right so we", "9l34MILGFro-00526-00106200-00106496": "have to start with those numbers", "9l34MILGFro-00527-00106367-00106696": "and then if we look at the value of", "9l34MILGFro-00528-00106496-00106816": "nutrients instead of doing it per acre", "9l34MILGFro-00529-00106696-00107128": "we're looking here per ton", "9l34MILGFro-00530-00106816-00107208": "of straw so because 100 percent  of the straw is", "9l34MILGFro-00531-00107128-00107416": "removed when", "9l34MILGFro-00532-00107208-00107528": "the nutrients are removed when the", "9l34MILGFro-00533-00107416-00107679": "straw is baled", "9l34MILGFro-00534-00107528-00107864": "we don't leave anything behind in the", "9l34MILGFro-00535-00107679-00108016": "ashes so to speak", "9l34MILGFro-00536-00107864-00108264": "it changes our numbers a little bit", "9l34MILGFro-00537-00108016-00108616": "right so for wheat and barley", "9l34MILGFro-00538-00108264-00108791": "we're looking at about  13 dollars", "9l34MILGFro-00539-00108616-00108920": "per ton of straw is the cost of the", "9l34MILGFro-00540-00108791-00109240": "nutrients removed", "9l34MILGFro-00541-00108920-00109272": "and for corn about 17 dollars  right now that's", "9l34MILGFro-00543-00109272-00109759": "per ton not per acre so if we", "9l34MILGFro-00544-00109535-00110008": "again estimate about two tons per acre", "9l34MILGFro-00545-00109759-00110320": "we're looking about 60 dollars per", "9l34MILGFro-00546-00110008-00110391": "acre of nutrients that are removed when", "9l34MILGFro-00547-00110320-00110624": "you", "9l34MILGFro-00548-00110391-00110832": "bail and sell the straw i noticed this", "9l34MILGFro-00549-00110624-00111008": "year in the bighorn basin a lot more", "9l34MILGFro-00550-00110832-00111183": "barley straw was bailed and removed from", "9l34MILGFro-00551-00111008-00111359": "the field than i've seen in the past and", "9l34MILGFro-00552-00111183-00111632": "i assume that has to do with", "9l34MILGFro-00553-00111359-00111855": "drought and fires and high demand for", "9l34MILGFro-00554-00111632-00112096": "feed in other parts of the country", "9l34MILGFro-00555-00111855-00112224": "and high hay prices so that's", "9l34MILGFro-00556-00112096-00112455": "interesting to see here", "9l34MILGFro-00557-00112224-00112528": "and just keep that in mind that there is", "9l34MILGFro-00558-00112455-00112688": "a cost", "9l34MILGFro-00559-00112528-00112959": "of the nutrients removed when you  bale", "9l34MILGFro-00560-00112688-00112959": "that straw", "9l34MILGFro-00561-00112983-00113352": "perhaps more importantly i want to know", "9l34MILGFro-00562-00113167-00113552": "what is the carbon worth", "9l34MILGFro-00563-00113352-00113728": "and those of you who are soil managers", "9l34MILGFro-00564-00113552-00113959": "you know that that", "9l34MILGFro-00565-00113728-00114111": "soil carbon has a high impact or very", "9l34MILGFro-00566-00113959-00114320": "important impact on soil function", "9l34MILGFro-00567-00114111-00114576": "soil armor protecting the soil from", "9l34MILGFro-00568-00114320-00114735": "extreme temperatures cold or hot", "9l34MILGFro-00569-00114576-00114935": "protecting it from wind and water", "9l34MILGFro-00570-00114735-00115008": "erosion very important in nutrient", "9l34MILGFro-00571-00114935-00115167": "cycling", "9l34MILGFro-00572-00115008-00115383": "and increasing the water infiltration", "9l34MILGFro-00573-00115167-00115624": "rate especially in heavy clay soils", "9l34MILGFro-00574-00115383-00115767": "or compacted soils more organic matter", "9l34MILGFro-00575-00115624-00115952": "will help the water infiltrate more", "9l34MILGFro-00576-00115767-00116064": "uniformly and will make irrigation more", "9l34MILGFro-00577-00115952-00116200": "efficient", "9l34MILGFro-00578-00116064-00116408": "it will really increase your water", "9l34MILGFro-00579-00116200-00116640": "holding capacity in", "9l34MILGFro-00580-00116408-00116816": "sandy soils which is really important", "9l34MILGFro-00581-00116640-00117128": "here in the basin as well", "9l34MILGFro-00582-00116816-00117272": "and then that supports microbial life", "9l34MILGFro-00583-00117128-00117448": "which is very important for nutrient", "9l34MILGFro-00584-00117272-00117648": "cycling for disease resistance and for", "9l34MILGFro-00585-00117448-00117896": "healthy functioning soil", "9l34MILGFro-00586-00117648-00118120": "so  there's a lot of ways to", "9l34MILGFro-00587-00117896-00118264": "quantify the value of soil carbon", "9l34MILGFro-00588-00118120-00118455": "but i think the important thing to", "9l34MILGFro-00589-00118264-00118632": "remember is that it has a big impact on", "9l34MILGFro-00590-00118455-00118783": "the health and function of your soil", "9l34MILGFro-00591-00118632-00118967": "and whatever we can do to increase the", "9l34MILGFro-00592-00118783-00119111": "amount of carbon in the soil", "9l34MILGFro-00593-00118967-00119272": "is really important and it's really", "9l34MILGFro-00594-00119111-00119424": "about playing the long game it's about a", "9l34MILGFro-00595-00119272-00119591": "long-term investment in the", "9l34MILGFro-00596-00119424-00119824": "health and function of your soil of your", "9l34MILGFro-00597-00119591-00119824": "farm", "9l34MILGFro-00598-00119920-00120320": "so we what we do know is that about a", "9l34MILGFro-00599-00120208-00120520": "third of the carbon", "9l34MILGFro-00600-00120320-00120752": "in the straw will stay in the soil if", "9l34MILGFro-00601-00120520-00121008": "it's not burned or removed in terms of", "9l34MILGFro-00602-00120752-00121240": "and bale and removed right and straw is", "9l34MILGFro-00603-00121008-00121415": "about 40 percent carbon", "9l34MILGFro-00604-00121240-00121632": "and you can see here in this diagram", "9l34MILGFro-00605-00121415-00121824": "that like i said about a third of the", "9l34MILGFro-00606-00121632-00121959": "carbon will stay in the soil and become", "9l34MILGFro-00607-00121824-00122255": "soil organisms", "9l34MILGFro-00608-00121959-00122288": "it'll become stable organic matter it", "9l34MILGFro-00609-00122255-00122432": "will", "9l34MILGFro-00610-00122288-00122688": "become sort of part of the soil", "9l34MILGFro-00611-00122432-00122832": "biological system and about two-thirds", "9l34MILGFro-00612-00122688-00122952": "will end up back in the atmosphere as", "9l34MILGFro-00613-00122832-00123144": "carbon dioxide", "9l34MILGFro-00614-00122952-00123303": "as that organic matter is broken down by", "9l34MILGFro-00615-00123144-00123479": "the soil organisms and they release", "9l34MILGFro-00616-00123303-00123872": "carbon dioxide over time", "9l34MILGFro-00617-00123479-00124215": "so using those numbers um we know that", "9l34MILGFro-00618-00123872-00124591": "that about 264 pounds of carbon per ton", "9l34MILGFro-00619-00124215-00124591": "of straw will stay in the soil", "9l34MILGFro-00620-00124640-00125000": "so if we assume two tons of straw per", "9l34MILGFro-00621-00124952-00125272": "acre", "9l34MILGFro-00622-00125000-00125455": "as we talked about earlier and about two", "9l34MILGFro-00623-00125272-00125800": "million pounds of soil in the top", "9l34MILGFro-00624-00125455-00125983": "six inches per acre", "9l34MILGFro-00625-00125800-00126183": "that means we have a potential for a", "9l34MILGFro-00626-00125983-00126383": "half a percent increase in soil organic", "9l34MILGFro-00627-00126183-00126640": "matter over 10 years", "9l34MILGFro-00628-00126383-00126711": "if we leave those two tons of straw per", "9l34MILGFro-00629-00126640-00126879": "acre", "9l34MILGFro-00630-00126711-00127088": "and don't burn it and don't bail and", "9l34MILGFro-00631-00126879-00127248": "remove it", "9l34MILGFro-00632-00127088-00127352": "that may not sound like a lot but when", "9l34MILGFro-00633-00127248-00127520": "you think about here in the bighorn", "9l34MILGFro-00634-00127352-00127688": "basin when we only have 1 to 1.5", "9l34MILGFro-00635-00127520-00127824": "percent organic matter anyway in", "9l34MILGFro-00636-00127688-00128040": "our soil", "9l34MILGFro-00637-00127824-00128240": "increasing it by another half a percent", "9l34MILGFro-00638-00128040-00128520": "is a can have a significant impact on", "9l34MILGFro-00639-00128240-00128696": "the function and the health of the soil", "9l34MILGFro-00640-00128520-00128840": "and so again it's playing the long game", "9l34MILGFro-00641-00128696-00129159": "but it's really thinking about", "9l34MILGFro-00642-00128840-00129255": "when you burn stubble or when you bail", "9l34MILGFro-00643-00129159-00129511": "it and remove it", "9l34MILGFro-00644-00129255-00129600": "what are the costs there is somewhat of", "9l34MILGFro-00645-00129511-00129808": "a cost", "9l34MILGFro-00646-00129600-00130000": "based on the nutrients loss but perhaps", "9l34MILGFro-00647-00129808-00130335": "a more significant cost", "9l34MILGFro-00648-00130000-00130335": "is the carbon that's lost", "9l34MILGFro-00649-00130344-00130759": "an interesting factoid for you here that", "9l34MILGFro-00650-00130576-00130896": "a one percent increase in soil organic", "9l34MILGFro-00651-00130759-00131152": "matter over an acre", "9l34MILGFro-00652-00130896-00131336": "allows that acre to hold 20 000 more", "9l34MILGFro-00653-00131152-00131624": "gallons of water per acre", "9l34MILGFro-00654-00131336-00131791": "so again in these dry climates you can", "9l34MILGFro-00655-00131624-00132008": "really increase irrigation efficiency", "9l34MILGFro-00656-00131791-00132440": "and crop water use efficiency to have", "9l34MILGFro-00657-00132008-00132440": "more organic matter in the soil", "9l34MILGFro-00658-00132496-00132896": "so a reminder about soil carbon loss", "9l34MILGFro-00659-00132688-00133128": "versus soil carbon gain", "9l34MILGFro-00660-00132896-00133200": "the best ways to lose the carbon out of", "9l34MILGFro-00661-00133128-00133328": "your soil to", "9l34MILGFro-00662-00133200-00133544": "lose the money out of your checking", "9l34MILGFro-00663-00133328-00133855": "account so to speak is", "9l34MILGFro-00664-00133544-00133984": "disturbance tillage crop residue removal", "9l34MILGFro-00665-00133855-00134064": "either through burning or baling and", "9l34MILGFro-00666-00133984-00134320": "removing it", "9l34MILGFro-00667-00134064-00134488": "and excessive fertilizer use and the", "9l34MILGFro-00668-00134320-00134703": "ways that we can increase the carbon in", "9l34MILGFro-00669-00134488-00134840": "our soil or put those deposits back into", "9l34MILGFro-00670-00134703-00135144": "that checking account", "9l34MILGFro-00671-00134840-00135288": "is high residue crops not removing any", "9l34MILGFro-00672-00135144-00135479": "residue leaving it there", "9l34MILGFro-00673-00135288-00135600": "minimal disturbance and incorporating", "9l34MILGFro-00674-00135479-00135848": "grazing and", "9l34MILGFro-00675-00135600-00135991": "compost or manure so those are some", "9l34MILGFro-00676-00135848-00136144": "things just to think about in terms of", "9l34MILGFro-00677-00135991-00136288": "your own soil management and residue", "9l34MILGFro-00678-00136144-00136488": "management on your farm", "9l34MILGFro-00679-00136288-00136648": "i hope this information is useful to you", "9l34MILGFro-00680-00136488-00136808": "and please do join us for the question", "9l34MILGFro-00681-00136648-00136879": "and answer session later this week if", "9l34MILGFro-00682-00136808-00137136": "you have", "9l34MILGFro-00683-00136879-00137288": "any uh um thoughts on this or would like", "9l34MILGFro-00684-00137136-00137584": "more clarification", "9l34MILGFro-00685-00137288-00137584": "thank you"}}, {"audio_id": "9lKmMiPncXA", "text": {"9lKmMiPncXA-00000-00000153-00000468": "Music", "9lKmMiPncXA-00032-00012139-00012484": "Music", "9lKmMiPncXA-00053-00018872-00019181": "Miss u", "9lKmMiPncXA-00068-00023179-00023337": "Music"}}, {"audio_id": "9lKTYcpgHRI", "text": {"9lKTYcpgHRI-00000-00000608-00001000": "Hi everyone, my name is Pedro Albuquerque and I'll be", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00001-00001000-00001440": "talking about MariaDB high availability in a cocktail", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00002-00001440-00001855": "mix with Envoy and Orchestrator.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00003-00001952-00002368": "For those who don't know me, I'm a database engineer at Wise,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00004-00002368-00002864": "I've been working with databases for about eight years,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00005-00002864-00003392": "mainly focused on MariaDB, MySQL and MongoDB,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00006-00003392-00004144": "and outside work I am a handball player and", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00007-00004160-00004584": "I have an interest in reportage film photography.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00008-00004720-00005536": "About Wise, it was founded in 2011 and rebranded earlier this", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00009-00005536-00006103": "month from TransferWise into Wise.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00010-00006103-00007031": "Over 2,200 people work with us from over 70 nationalities.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00011-00007031-00007664": "We have over 10 million customers and process around 4.5 billion", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00012-00007664-00008008": "pounds in transactions every month. I'll leave", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00013-00008008-00008784": "the rest of the numbers for you to to see, I'm not going to go over them.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00014-00008832-00009447": "Regarding the datastores that we host", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00015-00009447-00010279": "at Wise, we have around", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00016-00010336-00011160": "170 MariaDB clusters, around 350 Postgres clusters, about 20", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00017-00011160-00011904": "MongoDB clusters, and we also host a", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00018-00011904-00012768": "few other datastores from ClickHouse to Neo4j and Prometheus.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00019-00012768-00013456": "For most of the MariaDB and Postgres clusters,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00020-00013552-00014216": "we host them in AWS RDS, for MongoDB clusters we", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00021-00014216-00014863": "we run them on EC2, for some", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00022-00014863-00015416": "use cases we run MariaDB and Postgres on EC2.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00023-00015528-00016184": "I'm going to talk about MariaDB high availability. But what does", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00024-00016184-00016648": "high availability mean? Both primary", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00025-00016648-00017087": "and replicas should be available, should be reachable.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00026-00017087-00017768": "In case you want to do the read-writes against", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00027-00017768-00018168": "the primary, then you should focus on the availability", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00028-00018168-00018584": "of the primary.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00029-00018600-00019031": "It means that there has to be an automated failover in the event", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00030-00019031-00019856": "of a failure. Also, this process has to detect", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00031-00019856-00020479": "the failure and also avoid false positives. We don't want the", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00032-00020479-00020912": "process to perform a failover if there is no", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00033-00020912-00021423": "need for that. We also", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00034-00021423-00021959": "are interested in... this high availability means a reasonable", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00035-00021959-00022448": "estimation time completion, we don't want a failover to happen", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00036-00022448-00023192": "in one hour, right, so this time", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00037-00023192-00023912": "to recover has to be reasonable, and one of the things that we believe,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00038-00023912-00024295": "it's usually not taken into consideration when we talk about", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00039-00024295-00024879": "high availability, but we need to consider if the", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00040-00024895-00025223": "process and the datastores that we are", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00041-00025223-00025816": "using allow rolling maintenance. This is critical for services that", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00042-00025816-00026456": "require a very high uptime.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00043-00026624-00027088": "Regarding high availability, there are two concepts, write high availability and", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00044-00027088-00027719": "read high availability. These are very distinct concepts.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00045-00027719-00028127": "For the majority of deployments where you have a primary", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00046-00028127-00028800": "replicas, we're talking about a single node for the primary,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00047-00028800-00029152": "we're not talking about sharding here, and", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00048-00029152-00029880": "for the replicas, we can have multiple nodes. To achieve high", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00049-00029880-00030336": "availability in replicas, modern drivers", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00050-00030336-00030968": "they already allow to pass a set number of", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00051-00030968-00031632": "of replicas and a driver will know basically what are the nodes that", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00052-00031632-00032072": "are reachable, but", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00053-00032072-00032688": "we're talking here specifically about write high availability, so", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00054-00032727-00033032": "there are some considerations and it depends", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00055-00033032-00033503": "on the use case, but for our use case", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00056-00033568-00034032": "we cannot have data loss. We are talking about financial data", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00057-00034032-00035056": "and transactions etc. so we cannot allow data loss,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00058-00035056-00035568": "split brain scenarios as well, because the time to recover those will be", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00059-00035568-00035800": "huge.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00060-00035872-00036536": "We want the possibility to be able", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00061-00036536-00037280": "to perform graceful failovers and this is useful when we want to perform", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00062-00037280-00038008": "rolling maintenance. We want to trigger a primary failover.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00063-00038008-00038656": "We want as well failovers if the primary crashes, and", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00064-00038656-00039408": "we also want replicas to follow the new primary, and last but not least", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00065-00039408-00040056": "a possibility for when there is a failover, the old primary to", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00066-00040056-00040391": "follow the new primary.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00067-00040712-00041496": "We used to run our infrastructure in our own data center many years ago and", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00068-00041496-00042319": "I'm just going to go very quickly on how we used to", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00069-00042319-00043168": "perform the failovers. Basically we used to run", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00070-00043168-00043568": "a three node cluster,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00071-00043568-00044184": "one primary and two secondaries,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00072-00044184-00045128": "and the applications would query DNS and would get the", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00073-00045128-00045736": "CNAME... based on the CNAME", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00074-00045736-00046231": "they would get what node they would", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00075-00046231-00046975": "they would connect to. So in the case of the primary going down,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00076-00046975-00047424": "we would have to reconfigure replication,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00077-00047424-00047808": "so we would have to promote one secondary,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00078-00047808-00048200": "change replication on the other secondary to follow from the", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00079-00048200-00048831": "new primary, and update DNS so", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00080-00048831-00049408": "this will be it, so you can see this recovery procedure is", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00081-00049408-00049968": "manual and slow and you don't want to do this", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00082-00049968-00050408": "in the middle of the night.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00083-00050503-00051191": "When we migrated to AWS, we had to offload all the", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00084-00051191-00052288": "relational databases to RDS because that gave us peace of mind.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00085-00052288-00053024": "So if there was any issue with the primary,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00086-00053024-00053904": "we would rely on RDS automation to do the", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00087-00053904-00054216": "failover for us,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00088-00054232-00055208": "but although RDS is great, for our tier one services", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00089-00055208-00055927": "we lack some features that we actually need, like", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00090-00055927-00056383": "the failover procedure.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00091-00056455-00057151": "We need it much faster than what RDS provides,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00092-00057151-00057720": "and we also want the possibility to easily do rolling", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00093-00057720-00058216": "maintenance, at least these two", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00094-00058216-00058591": "features that we consider", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00095-00058591-00059551": "are critical to tier 1 services.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00096-00059551-00060160": "So let's check the cocktail recipe I mentioned in the beginning.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00097-00060479-00061191": "There are new components to make this possible.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00098-00061191-00061600": "One is Orchestrator. I'm pretty sure you are already", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00099-00061600-00062239": "aware of this really nice software. It's basically", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00100-00062239-00063248": "a replication management tool. It has an holistic approach", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00101-00063248-00063648": "that gets the cluster to understand if there is anything wrong with it,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00102-00063648-00064504": "and it's very nice to avoid false positives.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00103-00064504-00064951": "Basically we use it to", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00104-00064951-00065776": "recover our primary in the case where it's down or the", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00105-00065776-00066424": "network is isolated, and", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00106-00066424-00067112": "it also gives us the chance to manually trigger", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00107-00067112-00067768": "a failover in case we need it. The other component is", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00108-00067768-00068383": "something we built internally, it's the Orchestrator health", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00109-00068383-00068792": "check. This software", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00110-00068792-00069512": "is basically a service that is installed on all the database nodes and", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00111-00069512-00070120": "it queries Orchestrator metadata", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00112-00070160-00070848": "based on some rules to understand if this node is a replica,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00113-00070848-00071288": "if this node is a primary", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00114-00071288-00072016": "and if this node is down or not.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00115-00072016-00072776": "It queries Orchestrator metadata to get that information, and", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00116-00072776-00073183": "this software", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00117-00073263-00073536": "exposes", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00118-00073568-00074207": "some http codes depending on if we query the primary endpoint or the", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00119-00074207-00074880": "replica endpoint. Envoy is a service proxy. We use it", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00120-00074880-00075768": "across the whole services that run in Wise. It's deployed as a sidecar in", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00121-00075768-00076263": "each one of the services.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00122-00076264-00076416": "We use Envoy for all service to", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00123-00076416-00077112": "service calls and we use Envoy", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00124-00077112-00077712": "for services to call databases as well,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00125-00077776-00078632": "and this Envoy, the way it knows where", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00126-00078632-00079112": "to route the connections, the service connections,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00127-00079112-00079872": "to the database it queries Orchestrator metadata for each one of the", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00128-00079872-00080663": "database nodes that live in the listener pool, and will,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00129-00080816-00081672": "depending on these http codes, it will route the connections and", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00130-00081672-00082576": "queries to those nodes or not. So this is a simple configuration of", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00131-00082576-00083136": "how we set up Envoy. Basically we have two", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00132-00083136-00083583": "listeners, a master and replicas,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00133-00083583-00084463": "and we configure a port for each one of the listeners,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00134-00084463-00084960": "and then we configure what are the database hosts that belong to", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00135-00084960-00085663": "that cluster, so if let's say database host number one is", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00136-00085663-00086136": "the primary and the other two are replicas,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00137-00086288-00086672": "Envoy will", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00138-00086712-00087336": "know that it's a primary when calling", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00139-00087336-00087951": "Orchestrator health check on the master endpoint. If it returns a", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00140-00087951-00088407": "200, then Envoy knows that that", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00141-00088407-00089063": "node is a primary. If it returns a 500, then", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00142-00089063-00089551": "it removes that node from the master listener and the same for", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00143-00089551-00089983": "replicas.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00144-00090104-00090607": "So this is the deployment that we set up using Envoy and", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00145-00090607-00091136": "Orchestrator. It's a procedure that... the failover procedure takes", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00146-00091136-00091551": "about on average 10 to 15 seconds, it", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00147-00091551-00092232": "will always depend on whether the semi-synchronous", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00148-00092232-00092600": "replicas are lagging or not, but basically,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00149-00092600-00093416": "this is one of our simpler deployments,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00150-00093416-00094336": "We have one primary and two secondaries. Each one of the EC2 nodes runs", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00151-00094336-00094880": "the instance, the MariaDB instance, Orchestrator health check, and", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00152-00094880-00095375": "Orchestrator, and Envoy as I mentioned previously, runs", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00153-00095375-00095888": "locally on each service, so", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00154-00095927-00096683": "when a primary is down, let's say, Orchestrator", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00155-00096683-00097007": "will understand what's going on with that", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00156-00097007-00097760": "and it will choose a new primary. When Orchestrator", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00157-00097760-00098112": "chooses what is going to be the new primary,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00158-00098112-00098992": "it will reconfigure the topology, so Orchestrator will elect", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00159-00099000-00099519": "a new primary and will refactor the replication topology, so", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00160-00099519-00099936": "the old primary will replicate from the new primary,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00161-00099936-00100663": "and the other secondary will will replicate from the new primary.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00162-00100744-00101504": "Because the old primary was down, Envoy is not serving", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00163-00101504-00101951": "any requests to that node.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00164-00102200-00102928": "Then, when we resolved the downtime that was", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00165-00102928-00103624": "issued by Orchestrator to the node that was down, Envoy starts to", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00166-00103624-00104407": "serve requests to that secondary if we have", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00167-00104407-00105007": "read-only queries.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00168-00105083-00106048": "Now it's time for the demo. What I'm going to do is,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00169-00106055-00107167": "there is a service that is running on the same topology", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00170-00107167-00107544": "that I just showed you, and what I'm going to do", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00171-00107544-00108208": "is I'm going to query the amount of connections", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00172-00108208-00108855": "for that server that exists on the", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00173-00108855-00109240": "primary and on the replica that I'm going to promote.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00174-00109240-00109640": "Basically,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00175-00109808-00110535": "you see on the bottom left, that's the current primary, you can see that the", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00176-00110535-00111208": "the service has 34 connections to that node,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00177-00111208-00111832": "and on the bottom right it's a secondary that does", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00178-00111832-00112191": "not have any connections. So what I'm going to do", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00179-00112191-00112776": "is I'm going to trigger a failover that will promote", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00180-00112776-00113167": "node 2 as primary and we're going to see", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00181-00113167-00113783": "how much time it's going to take.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00182-00114767-00115448": "So you can see on node one, the connections went down to", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00183-00115448-00115711": "zero. On node two, the connections went up to", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00184-00115711-00116167": "34, and it was about 10 seconds.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00185-00116167-00117296": "We believe this is a very interesting setup since", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00186-00117296-00118144": "we don't require any extra components like", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00187-00118144-00118488": "MaxScale or ProxySQL, although those tools", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00188-00118488-00119183": "are really good, but since we are using Envoy already across the whole fleet of", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00189-00119183-00119632": "services and we don't require any specific", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00190-00119632-00120279": "feature from those two proxies, we thought", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00191-00120279-00121448": "that this would fit our purpose better. So this is how we did it.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00192-00121448-00122055": "Now it's time for", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00193-00122176-00122935": "some questions. So yeah, less downtime, more fun. We are very happy with this", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00194-00122935-00123735": "setup, we managed to increase availability for our", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00195-00123735-00124335": "tier 1 services. Thank you so much and I'm looking", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00196-00124335-00124783": "forward to your questions. Thank you.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00197-00124815-00125215": "Great thank you, thank you Pedro, very very interesting setup you have there.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00198-00125215-00125744": "So, I'm curious about the movement of your HA infrastructure over time.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00199-00125744-00126048": "You mentioned that at first you used to run", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00200-00126048-00126424": "in your own data center, you had one primary, a couple of secondaries,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00201-00126424-00126728": "and then now you have 170 MariaDB clusters, mostly", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00202-00126728-00127167": "on AWS. How did you get from one to the other?", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00203-00127167-00127576": "Were you using MariaDB all the time, which versions, what steps did you take", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00204-00127576-00128152": "along the way? So in the beginning when I joined", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00205-00128152-00128608": "TransferWise or Wise, I'm still using TransferWise, I'm still", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00206-00128608-00129096": "getting used to the new name, when I joined Wise", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00207-00129096-00129679": "about four years ago, we were actually running MySQL 5.6", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00208-00129679-00130167": "and we faced a lot of performance issues at the time,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00209-00130167-00130520": "and lack of some features already present", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00210-00130520-00130967": "in MariaDB that", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00211-00131055-00131464": "led us, still in our data center,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00212-00131464-00132191": "to migrate from MySQL into MariaDB, and then with the growth", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00213-00132191-00132832": "of the company, the growth of features, and the", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00214-00132832-00133672": "breakdown of our monolith, we ended up with 170", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00215-00133672-00133976": "RDS instances.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00216-00134120-00134648": "We grew mostly in AWS,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00217-00134672-00135055": "if I remember correctly we were still in our data center with", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00218-00135055-00135808": "about 50 micro services and our monolith and the boom was", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00219-00135808-00136184": "already in AWS.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00220-00136264-00136712": "You mentioned you've got MariaDB clusters, you've got Postgres clusters,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00221-00136712-00137024": "you've got MongoDB and as well as a couple of others, you", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00222-00137024-00137400": "mentioned Clickhouse and Prometheus and Neo4j.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00223-00137400-00137824": "Why that particular breakdown? Where do you find MariaDB useful, where do you", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00224-00137824-00138184": "find Postgres useful, MongoDB?", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00225-00138184-00139024": "I'll give a little bit of the history. So Postgres came,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00226-00139024-00139703": "was brought in by one of the DBAs that used to work", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00227-00139703-00140084": "with us in the past, he was our first database", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00228-00140084-00140632": "engineer, and he brought Postgres in-house to address", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00229-00140632-00141191": "one of our main problems at the time which was the", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00230-00141191-00141808": "analytical data service, and Postgres outperformed MySQL", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00231-00141808-00142536": "at the time and since", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00232-00142536-00143032": "engineers or some of the engineers had Postgres experience,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00233-00143032-00143703": "they started requesting Postgres. So now we have", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00234-00143703-00144144": "two ecosystems in relational databases, MariaDB and Postgres", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00235-00144144-00144784": "with no specific requirements of", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00236-00144784-00145279": "using one or the other one. There are some examples of", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00237-00145279-00145632": "probably some extensions that we use in Postgres,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00238-00145632-00146191": "for instance TimescaleDB, some services really require that,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00239-00146191-00146576": "but apart from that", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00240-00146576-00147144": "it's more if some teams are more comfortable with", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00241-00147144-00147784": "Postgres or MariaDB. Regarding MongoDB, we use MongoDB to", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00242-00147784-00148232": "address scalability issues and uptime as", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00243-00148232-00148455": "well.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00244-00148520-00148824": "And then Orchestrator Health Check,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00245-00148824-00149200": "are you planning to open source it at some point?", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00246-00149200-00149791": "Probably not Orchestrator Health Check as it is, this was", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00247-00149791-00150215": "something that we had to quickly develop", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00248-00150215-00150536": "to work with Envoy, but we'll be looking", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00249-00150536-00151320": "at having this feature of reporting in an http interface", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00250-00151320-00151912": "to the Orchestrator agents, so we are planning to work together", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00251-00151912-00152567": "with Shlomi and propose this, so we would be removing", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00252-00152567-00152879": "that feature from Orchestrator Health Check and", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00253-00152879-00153072": "integrating into", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00254-00153072-00153400": "Orchestrator. Did you need to", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00255-00153400-00153824": "do any particular configurations in MariaDB to get it", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00256-00153824-00154120": "to work well with Orchestrator?  Yes we", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00257-00154120-00154703": "did, unfortunately we had to disable MariaDB GTIDs and", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00258-00154703-00155040": "this is something I actually spoke with", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00259-00155040-00155727": "MariaDB developers in Zulip, because", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00260-00155727-00156112": "Orchestrator, in order to understand the status of", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00261-00156112-00156815": "the primary, it kind of does a fast restart", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00262-00156815-00157424": "of the SQL threads, and if that replica is lagging", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00263-00157424-00157744": "MariaDB will purge the relay logs, if using MariaDB", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00264-00157744-00158312": "GTID, and Orchestrator will see, hey, this is actually not lagging, so it", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00265-00158312-00158855": "will promote a lagging node that", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00266-00158855-00159464": "wasn't supposed to be promoted, so we disabled MariaDB GTID, not", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00267-00159464-00159872": "disabled generating the MariaDB", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00268-00159872-00160296": "GTID but we disable the we are using binlog file and position", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00269-00160296-00160767": "to coordinate, to set up replicas, using", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00270-00160767-00161232": "the Orchestrator GTID, so it's their implementation of", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00271-00161232-00161536": "of GTIDs. So what are you looking at", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00272-00161536-00162248": "in future any upcoming changes for databases?", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00273-00162248-00162888": "This setup brings a little bit more operational toil", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00274-00162888-00163776": "into our team since with RDS we offload a lot of", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00275-00163776-00164488": "the operational toil. We will be looking at", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00276-00164488-00165248": "Vitess with a MariaDB backend starting from next quarter, we'll be", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00277-00165248-00165824": "looking, see if we can integrate that.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00278-00165824-00166576": "It's a big shift, but we believe that moving to", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00279-00166576-00167152": "containers, it's something that... and reducing the operational", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00280-00167152-00167424": "toil, is something that will allow us", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00281-00167424-00168127": "to scale without having to scale human resources.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00282-00168127-00168432": "So that's the main reason for choosing it really, is looking at", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00283-00168432-00169424": "reducing load on your team. And be prepared", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00284-00169424-00170120": "to scale out in case we need. Right now there is no need", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00285-00170120-00170679": "because we split, we broke down our monolith,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00286-00170679-00171288": "but in the future we will have to scale out and Vitess will give us", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00287-00171288-00171855": "that option. Of course running with MariaDB on", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00288-00171855-00172120": "the backend.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00289-00172120-00172288": "Which versions of MariaDB are you running currently,", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00290-00172288-00172624": "are they all the same version, or do you have a mix.", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00291-00172624-00173255": "No, we are running 10.3", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00292-00173255-00173839": "in most of the clusters, we are on the path to upgrade to MariaDB 10.4", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00293-00173839-00174503": "and we have MariaDB 10.4 on the clusters that are running", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00294-00174503-00174848": "Orchestrator because we have to have the automatic", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00295-00174848-00175224": "failover and the reason that we are running at", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00296-00175224-00175664": "least 10.4 with Orchestrator is", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00297-00175664-00176352": "we need that feature that MariaDB needs to kill, on a graceful", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00298-00176352-00176655": "shutdown, we need the feature, wait for all", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00299-00176655-00177088": "slaves, so we don't lose data when there is a", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00300-00177088-00177496": "graceful shutdown, but our plan is to migrate this", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00301-00177496-00177872": "quarter, is to upgrade all the RDS", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00302-00177872-00178448": "to MariaDB 10.4 and probably early next year to MariaDB", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00303-00178448-00178672": "10.5. Well i think that's all we have time for", "9lKTYcpgHRI-00304-00178672-00179584": "so thanks very much for joining us Pedro! Thank you so much."}}, {"audio_id": "9lUXnDU3E2I", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "9m1HpUElSf8", "text": {"9m1HpUElSf8-00000-00000012-00000262": "Why the f*** do you both choose Spetsnaz?", "9m1HpUElSf8-00001-00000394-00000468": "We Russians...", "9m1HpUElSf8-00002-00000522-00000592": "Holy fu....", "9m1HpUElSf8-00003-00000644-00000798": "That's some tough sh*t", "9m1HpUElSf8-00004-00000888-00001098": "Run there and put a shield outside", "9m1HpUElSf8-00005-00001250-00001538": "Damn...this EDD is impossible to get it off.", "9m1HpUElSf8-00007-00002844-00002968": "Holy shit", "9m1HpUElSf8-00008-00003192-00003356": "Really fricking showy", "9m1HpUElSf8-00009-00003394-00003790": "[hysterical laughter]", "9m1HpUElSf8-00010-00003829-00003915": "I can't understand", "9m1HpUElSf8-00011-00003942-00004122": "Mainly because he (actually) killed someone"}}, {"audio_id": "9m-mUyEO6Zo", "text": {"9m-mUyEO6Zo-00000-00000037-00005100": "Like and Subscribe", "9m-mUyEO6Zo-00001-00005100-00005900": "You enjoyed? Then check out the SUBSCRIBE button! help me by subscribing, liking, and sharing my videos."}}, {"audio_id": "9m_tGmZ9Inc", "text": {"9m_tGmZ9Inc-00000-00000794-00001036": "Hey guys,", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00001-00001068-00001254": "I am back for a new episode of \"TAMIL ADVENTURE\".", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00002-00001254-00001454": "Today, it's the fifth episode,", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00003-00001454-00001630": "with the ங் series.", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00004-00001630-00001750": "Before that,", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00005-00001750-00002058": "I'm sorry for not posting for a while,", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00006-00002058-00002362": "as I was very busy with my works and I still don't go back to Paris,", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00007-00002362-00002720": "but from now, I promise you to bring a new episode every 2 weeks.", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00008-00002720-00002920": "Okay, let's go to the lesson!", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00009-00003232-00003422": "Before to start,", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00010-00003422-00003622": "remember that", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00011-00003632-00003894": "each \"uyir ezhutthu\" (vowel) has a different writing", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00012-00003894-00004248": "when it mingles with a \"mei ezhutthu\" (consonnant).", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00013-00004282-00004630": "That's what we saw last time with the க் (k) series.", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00014-00004688-00005210": "You will see that for the rest of consonnants, including our ங் series.", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00015-00005210-00005352": "Let's go !", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00016-00005352-00005794": "ŋ + a =🎧ŋa", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00017-00006096-00006620": "ŋ + a: = 🎧 ŋa:", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00018-00006895-00007520": "ŋ + i = 🎧 ŋi", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00019-00007890-00008486": "ŋ + i: = 🎧 ŋi:", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00020-00008664-00009306": "Small information : those \"uyirmei ezhutthukkal\" are hardly used in our language. Contrary to the consonant ங் which is too used.", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00021-00009458-00009774": "But as they exist, you need to learn them.", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00022-00009794-00010198": "ŋ + u = 🎧 ŋu", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00023-00010752-00011250": "ŋ + u: = 🎧 ŋu:", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00024-00011502-00012096": "ŋ + e = 🎧 ŋe", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00025-00012470-00013106": "ŋ + e: = 🎧 ŋe:", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00026-00013196-00013696": "ŋ + aɪ̯ = 🎧 ŋaɪ̯", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00027-00014022-00014552": "ŋ + o = 🎧 ŋo", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00028-00014628-00015119": "ŋ + o: = 🎧 ŋo:", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00029-00015374-00015947": "ŋ + aʊ̯ = 🎧 ŋaʊ̯", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00030-00016202-00016306": "Alright guys,", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00031-00016306-00016506": "I hope that was easy for you to understand.", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00032-00016558-00016882": "As I said, don't worry, those letters are rarely used,", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00033-00017014-00017200": "but it's always better to know them!", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00034-00017200-00017536": "I will catch you soon for the sixth episode of \"TAMIL ADVENTURE\"", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00035-00017536-00017660": "about the ச் series.", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00036-00017752-00017918": "And, I forgot...", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00037-00019970-00020236": "Merci pour avoir regardé cet épisode des \"AVENTURES DU TAMOUL\" !", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00038-00020236-00020436": "Je vous retrouve très vite pour un nouvel épisode.", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00039-00020436-00020636": "En attendant, apportez-nous votre soutien", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00040-00020636-00020836": "en likant et partageant cette vidéo !", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00041-00020836-00021134": "N'oubliez pas de vous abonner à notre chaîne YouTube,", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00042-00021134-00021304": "c'est ainsi que je saurai que vous kiffez notre contenu.", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00043-00021324-00022402": "Si vous avez des questions, vous avez les liens dans la description pour nous envoyer un message :", "9m_tGmZ9Inc-00044-00022424-00022692": "Merci encore pour votre soutien et je vous dis à bientôt !"}}, {"audio_id": "9mCTjt8rw84", "text": {"9mCTjt8rw84-00000-00000000-00020160": "Cùng Nhau Tập Nhé Các Bạn"}}, {"audio_id": "9nhf3ouq0jA", "text": {"9nhf3ouq0jA-00000-00000003-00000238": "[TVicton] (EP.124 Reply, roommates!!)", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00001-00000240-00000437": "(Busy Soribada site)", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00002-00000440-00000563": "(Concentration level's 1109%)", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00003-00000567-00000824": "(Why are the roommates dancing hard to 'Reply'?)", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00004-00000827-00001054": "(For VICTON's TikTok account!)", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00005-00001057-00001141": "Clap! Clap!", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00006-00001165-00001405": "♪ Reply, everyone ♪ ♪ Hurry up and reply ♪", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00007-00001407-00001467": "Okay, okay", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00008-00001476-00001600": "(Seungsik and Subin's moves are in different order LOL)", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00009-00001600-00001734": "Let's do it one more time", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00010-00001736-00001984": "Five, six, seven, eight!", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00011-00001986-00002066": "One, two, clap!", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00012-00002068-00002235": "(Time to rehearse 'Reply' choreography again)", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00013-00002235-00002816": "♪ Reply, everyone ♪ ♪ I'm waiting for your reply ♪", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00014-00002833-00003074": "(Checking the moves under Subin's lead!)", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00015-00003124-00003387": "Two, three, clap, clap!", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00016-00003415-00003548": "- Gather - Clap, clap", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00017-00003643-00003973": "- From here, it's ♪ Reply, everyone ♪", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00018-00004184-00004387": "(Sejun's running through it again in his head)", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00019-00004584-00004707": "Was it like this?", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00020-00005518-00005784": "(The roommates are doing their best despite the short verse)", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00021-00005792-00005979": "(Wow! What a beautiful site!)", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00022-00005982-00006032": "Okay!", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00023-00006036-00006186": "(Start right away?) No, please play the music once", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00024-00006276-00006396": "You're playing the music, right?", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00025-00006405-00006625": "(The roommates are rehearsing before the actual shoot)", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00026-00006756-00006900": "(Feeling the beats in their own ways) I was thinking about something", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00027-00007087-00007240": "(It's almost like the dances you'd see at company get-togethers...)", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00028-00007667-00007807": "(Feeling 'Reply' in their own ways)", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00029-00008648-00008952": "(Even the rehearsal's perfectly in sync!)", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00030-00008954-00009054": "(...?!)", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00031-00009366-00009489": "(Did the next move early)", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00032-00009933-00010173": "(Feel the beats, everyone!)", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00033-00010368-00010429": "(One who's just joyful) Okay, got it?", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00034-00010431-00010570": "- You get the idea, right? - Okay!", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00035-00010573-00010820": "(Finally starting the roommates' 'Reply')", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00036-00011054-00011291": "(🐶🐰🍓 seems to be having fun) (Cute...)", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00037-00011431-00011578": "(Short, but you can see cuteness and coolness at once)", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00038-00011581-00011708": "Okay!", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00039-00011931-00012008": "Okay!", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00040-00012076-00012232": "- Thank you for your hard work! - Thank you for your hard work", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00041-00012235-00012349": "(Anxiously looking at the staff) What, why?", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00042-00012639-00012812": "(Monitoring what they just filmed)", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00043-00013670-00013800": "Let's see the beginning!", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00044-00013803-00013940": "I think we can crop this out", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00045-00014771-00014898": "(Please check out the roommates' 'Reply')", "9nhf3ouq0jA-00046-00014901-00015018": "(on VICTON's TikTok account!)"}}, {"audio_id": "9nlt8TreGnI", "text": {"9nlt8TreGnI-00000-00000000-00000160": "People didn't tell me these sorts of things.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00001-00000160-00000408": "I don't know if I'm emotionally stable or unstable.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00002-00001064-00001512": "Create happiness once again for the underprivileged children in Gambia.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00003-00001512-00001823": "Won't you like a share in the process of their happiness?", "9nlt8TreGnI-00004-00001823-00001936": "Why wouldn't you?", "9nlt8TreGnI-00005-00001936-00002208": "Donate now link in the description.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00006-00002208-00002640": "Asalaamu alaikum guys and welcome to another episode of Smile2jannah.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00007-00002640-00003016": "We're still outside guys, Ramadan's still going on", "9nlt8TreGnI-00008-00003080-00004015": "and guys I have an amazing topic today. And that is courtesy of Selena Gomez. Yes Selena Gomez", "9nlt8TreGnI-00009-00004015-00004800": "is a very popular singer and in 'Good Morning America' here's what she said she goes:", "9nlt8TreGnI-00010-00004800-00005488": "I haven't been on the internet in four and a half years. It has changed my life completely.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00011-00005488-00006080": "I haven't been on the internet in four and a half years it has changed my life completely.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00012-00006136-00006296": "I am happier.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00013-00006296-00007095": "This is somebody that (I think)... she's got one of the biggest followings -of a musician- on Instagram,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00014-00007095-00007856": "and she says that it's not her that posts the stuff online, it's her PR team or whatever.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00015-00007856-00008472": "SubhanAllah yeah. Here is somebody that is a product, is a product of the society,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00016-00008472-00008856": "but regardless of what's surrounding/situation she's in,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00017-00008856-00009208": "she's still able to benefit from staying away from this.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00018-00009208-00009656": "Now it's very important to bear in mind guys, we're living in an age where", "9nlt8TreGnI-00019-00009656-00010160": "information is so much available to us,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00020-00010160-00010504": "but knowledge is very little. Let me say that again.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00021-00010504-00010992": "There's a lot of information, but there's very little understanding", "9nlt8TreGnI-00022-00010992-00011328": "and knowledge. Now if we now link this to something-", "9nlt8TreGnI-00023-00011328-00011752": "that, (let's face it), we do use the internet for the most, and that's Social Media;", "9nlt8TreGnI-00024-00011808-00012320": "and social media (you know) there's a lot of research that's been done on social media,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00025-00012320-00012784": "that each time you get a notification or a message, you get a dopamine release,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00026-00012840-00013256": "when you look at your phone and maybe there's a text there and maybe there's not and", "9nlt8TreGnI-00027-00013256-00013760": "when it shows up that high you get... 400% spike in dopamine", "9nlt8TreGnI-00028-00013760-00014063": "that is roughly the same amount of dopamine as", "9nlt8TreGnI-00029-00014063-00014328": "you're getting from cocaine- it's slightly less yeah.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00030-00014328-00014672": "That's a chemical that gets released called Dopamine", "9nlt8TreGnI-00031-00014672-00015080": "and yes it is linked to the word 'dope' which means drugs.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00032-00015080-00015808": "Why? because it's the same chemical that gets released when you drink alcohol or you do drugs.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00033-00015808-00016464": "But when it comes to alcohol, alcohol is something which is restricted yeah,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00034-00016464-00017088": "because of his addictive nature you have to be 18 to consume alcohol.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00035-00017088-00017608": "But when it comes to social media, there is no limit that's been placed on it yeah.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00036-00017608-00017976": "So you've got seven eight-year-olds getting their shot of dopamine", "9nlt8TreGnI-00037-00017976-00018152": "and there's no restriction on it yeah,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00038-00018152-00018672": "because we don't understand it too much, and parents... you know me being a teacher for a while", "9nlt8TreGnI-00039-00018672-00018952": "I've noticed whenever I speak to parents they say", "9nlt8TreGnI-00040-00018952-00019360": "\"oh brother. What can you do brother?\" Now you have to do this.\"", "9nlt8TreGnI-00041-00019360-00019632": "I was like \"But you're complaining to me that the issue is the phone?\".", "9nlt8TreGnI-00042-00019632-00020016": "\"No but you have to get them the phone, yeah otherwise what are you going to do brother?\"", "9nlt8TreGnI-00043-00020384-00020744": "so examples like this are very important", "9nlt8TreGnI-00044-00020744-00021168": "because it shows that these very people that your kids look up to...", "9nlt8TreGnI-00045-00021168-00021512": "they shouldn't of course- but because they look up to", "9nlt8TreGnI-00046-00021512-00021896": "these very people are staying away from the internet.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00047-00021896-00022112": "They're staying away from social media.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00048-00022112-00022616": "I am happier, I am more present, I connect more with people.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00049-00022616-00022952": "Yeah so this is something that we need to bear in mind.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00050-00022952-00023440": "And another thing to bear in mind guys is why do they go to social media?", "9nlt8TreGnI-00051-00023440-00023856": "They go to social media- I mean let's face it- to relieve their Stress", "9nlt8TreGnI-00052-00023856-00024256": "that's the first reason. And number two: for validation yeah,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00053-00024256-00024632": "being told by other people that they look good, that they're doing good. And", "9nlt8TreGnI-00054-00024632-00024896": "number three: comparison yeah.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00055-00024896-00025400": "Theodore Roosevelt said \"comparison is the thief of joy\" and somebody else", "9nlt8TreGnI-00056-00025400-00025760": "added in \"and social media is its sidekick\" yeah.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00057-00025760-00026239": "So this is something guys that is very important to bear in mind.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00058-00026239-00026824": "Now if we deal with these three things: Stress. The children pick that up from the parents yeah.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00059-00026824-00027312": "If dad comes home every day and he doesn't want to mingle with the family,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00060-00027312-00027600": "or mom comes home every day doesn't want to mingle with the family", "9nlt8TreGnI-00061-00027600-00028183": "and switches on Netflix- goes to this and starts vaping or whatever it is,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00062-00028183-00028768": "it's a coping mechanism that you're showing your child, this is how you cope with problems yeah.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00063-00028768-00029088": "And the second thing was validation. If you're not telling your kids", "9nlt8TreGnI-00064-00029088-00029256": "that they are mashaAllah- are beautiful,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00065-00029256-00029536": "if you're not spending time with them, telling them that they're", "9nlt8TreGnI-00066-00029536-00029744": "(you know) doing well and stuff like that,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00067-00029744-00030072": "they're going to seek that validation from other people.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00068-00030072-00030312": "And the third thing that I said was Comparison:", "9nlt8TreGnI-00069-00030312-00030832": "yeah, this is something that we're told even in Islam yeah,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00070-00030832-00031136": "not to compare yourself to somebody that's above", "9nlt8TreGnI-00071-00031136-00031495": "you ,but to compare yourself to somebody who's below you,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00072-00031495-00031839": "because otherwise, in a narration we know that \"nothing", "9nlt8TreGnI-00073-00031839-00032160": "will satisfy the stomach of the son of Adam\" yeah", "9nlt8TreGnI-00074-00032160-00032592": "\"only the dust of the grave\". And the narration also says if you have one valley of gold-", "9nlt8TreGnI-00075-00032592-00032872": "one mountain of gold, you'd want another one yeah.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00076-00032928-00033304": "You give a child a chocolate and the child will be happy", "9nlt8TreGnI-00077-00033304-00033592": "but if he sees that the child next to him has a bigger chocolate,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00078-00033592-00033776": "rather than being grateful the child is going to say", "9nlt8TreGnI-00079-00033776-00033992": "\"hang on a minute what's going on there? yeah\".", "9nlt8TreGnI-00080-00033992-00034392": "So guys this is something that is very important for us to know,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00081-00034392-00035136": "that the social media (and this whole linking to the internet constantly) this is a symptom", "9nlt8TreGnI-00082-00035136-00035760": "of a bigger problem, and that is emotional instability.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00083-00035760-00036208": "Now emotional... how do you know if you're emotionally unstable?", "9nlt8TreGnI-00084-00036208-00036712": "There are three things that I would say, tell you if you're emotionally unstable.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00085-00036712-00037216": "So number one: Personal- you take everything personally yeah.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00086-00037216-00037896": "So when something happens \"oh um I'm stupid I I can't do this. I can't believe", "9nlt8TreGnI-00087-00037896-00038320": "I I I'm so I'm so not good at this\" or whatever it is.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00088-00038320-00038712": "Number two is something that's 'Permanent' yes so when something happens", "9nlt8TreGnI-00089-00038712-00039152": "you convince yourself that this is gonna be the state of affairs forever yeah", "9nlt8TreGnI-00090-00039152-00039480": "\"Oh am I gonna be doing this for the rest of my life yeah?\"", "9nlt8TreGnI-00091-00039480-00039808": "Or when something happens you believe that is it, you don't", "9nlt8TreGnI-00092-00039808-00040144": "acknowledge to yourself that things change over time,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00093-00040144-00040376": "but you believe that this is permanent.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00094-00040440-00040736": "And number three guys is 'Pervasive' yeah,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00095-00040736-00041064": "which means you don't compartmentalize", "9nlt8TreGnI-00096-00041144-00041608": "your problems. So if something's happened at work it's going to be a problem at home,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00097-00041608-00041968": "it's going to be a problem when you're out with your friends, it's going to be a problem", "9nlt8TreGnI-00098-00041968-00042360": "when you're on holiday or whatever the case may be.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00099-00042360-00043048": "So these three things yeah these are the things that we need to try and deal with.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00100-00043048-00043584": "These are the roots of the issue, these are the roots of the issue, the emotional instability,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00101-00043584-00043848": "that's why you've got kids that spend hours", "9nlt8TreGnI-00102-00043848-00044360": "on the internet, because let's face it, if things are going well at home why would a child do that?", "9nlt8TreGnI-00103-00044360-00044592": "It's because parents aren't available,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00104-00044592-00045072": "they're too busy earning the dough. And you haven't equipped your children,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00105-00045072-00045776": "so they are looking for ways of dealing with their stress and comparison and validation yeah,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00106-00045776-00046152": "so these are things that once identified", "9nlt8TreGnI-00107-00046152-00046560": "we need to help our kids out. Because you know what the issue is,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00108-00046560-00047088": "the issue is we blame social media, we blame technology", "9nlt8TreGnI-00109-00047088-00047520": "sometimes, when in reality we're the ones that aren't giving time to our kids.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00110-00047520-00047808": "We're the ones that are giving them access to this sort of stuff.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00111-00047808-00048128": "So guys we really should bear this in mind.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00112-00048128-00048616": "So these three factors that we can tell if a person's emotionally unstable", "9nlt8TreGnI-00113-00048616-00049024": "is by Robert Dreeke in his book 'Sizing People Up',", "9nlt8TreGnI-00114-00049024-00049504": "I think this is a good litmus test yeah, obviously it's not encompassing for everything", "9nlt8TreGnI-00115-00049504-00049656": "and you know there's different levels,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00116-00049656-00049896": "these are some things that we can look out for because,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00117-00049896-00050200": "I don't know, growing up people didn't tell me these sorts of things,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00118-00050200-00050392": "I don't know if I'm emotionally stable or", "9nlt8TreGnI-00119-00050392-00050720": "unstable you just have to- you know- wing it sometimes yeah,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00120-00050720-00051136": "so inshallah this acts as somewhat of a guide or an assistant for you guys,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00121-00051136-00051720": "and guys social media... it's no joke yeah. At the start of this year Miss", "9nlt8TreGnI-00122-00051776-00052136": "USA, she was 30 and she committed suicide.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00123-00052136-00052552": "Why? Because of online cyber bullying, she", "9nlt8TreGnI-00124-00052552-00053128": "was a graduate of Law yeah she was beautiful she had Law, she had friends and family,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00125-00053128-00053736": "but it wasn't enough because sometimes we care more about what other people think,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00126-00053736-00054255": "and sometimes guys that can really (you know) cause issues.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00127-00054255-00054440": "And the last thing that I'm going to say is look", "9nlt8TreGnI-00128-00054440-00054840": "technology whether we like it or not it is going to increase yeah", "9nlt8TreGnI-00129-00054840-00055144": "it is so rather than you saying \"I hate technology\"", "9nlt8TreGnI-00130-00055144-00055344": "It doesn't matter. You're going to need it for work,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00131-00055400-00055760": "you're going to need it for education, it's it's there in universities,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00132-00055760-00056160": "they give free ipads, free laptops and stuff like that so bear that in mind", "9nlt8TreGnI-00133-00056160-00056664": "that because in the future I think very soon we're going to have virtual reality,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00134-00056664-00056928": "you put on the headset and you escape there.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00135-00056928-00057304": "So equip your kids now rather than each time a new technology comes you", "9nlt8TreGnI-00136-00057304-00057640": "start moaning and groaning \"oh stay away from this, stay away from that\"", "9nlt8TreGnI-00137-00057640-00058104": "It's like the boy who cried wolf yeah, what are you going to stay away from? Rather,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00138-00058104-00058544": "than telling people to stay away from it tell them how to manage it well.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00139-00058544-00059000": "It's like a knife. If you moan about the knife you're not going to be able to cut food yeah,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00140-00059000-00059624": "you've gonna spend ages. So, understand that there are positives and negatives yeah,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00141-00059624-00059848": "you can use the knife for good you can use it for bad.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00142-00059848-00060296": "You can use social media for good or you can use it for bad yeah.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00143-00060296-00060432": "Let's leave it there guys.", "9nlt8TreGnI-00144-00060432-00060824": "InshaAllah you guys have benefited and we are ready for the future", "9nlt8TreGnI-00145-00060824-00061096": "virtual reality, Meta,  whatever you want to call it,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00146-00061096-00061358": "all right guys I'll see you next time inshallah,", "9nlt8TreGnI-00147-00061394-00061558": "Asalaamu Alaikum."}}, {"audio_id": "9nyTOqseuEk", "text": {"9nyTOqseuEk-00000-00000172-00001478": "When solving mixture problems with a final amount, first define the variables.", "9nyTOqseuEk-00001-00001478-00002612": "Next make an equation for the amount and finally, make an equation for the mix.", "9nyTOqseuEk-00002-00002612-00003024": "Let's look at example one.", "9nyTOqseuEk-00003-00003024-00003814": "In example one, a chemist needs to create 100 milliliters of a thirty eight percent acid solution.", "9nyTOqseuEk-00004-00003814-00004506": "On hand, she has a twenty percent acid percent solution and a fifty percent acid solution.", "9nyTOqseuEk-00005-00004506-00004952": "So these are her two acid solutions.", "9nyTOqseuEk-00006-00004952-00005784": "She needs to create a 100 milliliter solution at this percent of acid.", "9nyTOqseuEk-00007-00005784-00006346": "We need to know how many milliliters of each, each should she use.", "9nyTOqseuEk-00008-00006346-00007230": "We'll call A and B the two different acid solutions.", "9nyTOqseuEk-00009-00007230-00008262": "A will represent the milliliters at twenty percent acid,", "9nyTOqseuEk-00010-00008262-00009450": "and B will represent the milliliters at fifty percent acid.", "9nyTOqseuEk-00011-00009450-00010932": "We know that if we add A and B together we'll get one hundred milliliters and we also know,", "9nyTOqseuEk-00012-00010932-00012662": "that .2 a plus .5 b is equal to .38 times the total number of milliliters.", "9nyTOqseuEk-00013-00012662-00013346": "What this is saying is first we just have an amounts that equal a total amount.", "9nyTOqseuEk-00014-00013346-00013978": "Next, we have a percentage of that amount plus a percentage of the other amount,", "9nyTOqseuEk-00015-00013978-00014963": "that will give you a percentage of acid out of all the milliliters in the solution.", "9nyTOqseuEk-00016-00014963-00015666": "Now I need to create a system of equations, we're one of the terms would drop out.", "9nyTOqseuEk-00017-00015666-00016952": "If I multiply by negative two, sorry negative point two throughout the first equation.", "9nyTOqseuEk-00018-00016952-00017300": "My A's will then drop out.", "9nyTOqseuEk-00019-00017300-00018692": "I'll go ahead and distribute my negative point two.", "9nyTOqseuEk-00020-00018692-00020982": "Rewriting my second equation, I can now add the two equations together to get .3 b is equal to eighteen.", "9nyTOqseuEk-00021-00020982-00022140": "If I divide both sides by .3, I get B is equal to sixty.", "9nyTOqseuEk-00022-00022140-00023052": "If B is equal to sixty, we know A plus B is equal to 100 and so,", "9nyTOqseuEk-00023-00023052-00023992": "A plus sixty is equal to 100. So A is equal to forty.", "9nyTOqseuEk-00024-00023992-00025300": "We now know that we need forty milliliters of twenty percent acid,", "9nyTOqseuEk-00025-00025300-00026380": "and we need sixty milliliters of fifty percent acid.", "9nyTOqseuEk-00026-00026380-00026612": "Let's look at example two.", "9nyTOqseuEk-00027-00026612-00027312": "A coffee distributor needs to mix a coffee blend that normally sells for 8.90 per pound", "9nyTOqseuEk-00028-00027312-00027924": "with another coffee blend that normally sells for 11.16 per pound.", "9nyTOqseuEk-00029-00027924-00028475": "How many pounds of each kind of coffee should be mixed in the distributor,", "9nyTOqseuEk-00030-00028476-00028968": "if the distributor needs fifty pounds of the new mixture?", "9nyTOqseuEk-00031-00028968-00029910": "Well, we know we have a coffee type A and a coffee type B.", "9nyTOqseuEk-00032-00029910-00031098": "We'll call A the pounds of coffee that will be mixed that's valued at 8.90 a pound", "9nyTOqseuEk-00033-00031098-00033314": "and B will represent the pounds of coffee that are valued at 11.16 per pound.", "9nyTOqseuEk-00034-00033314-00034000": "From here we could write an equation that states A plus B,", "9nyTOqseuEk-00035-00034000-00034888": "or the amount of each type of coffee equals fifty pounds total. It says that right there.", "9nyTOqseuEk-00036-00034888-00035730": "Our second equation should state, how much coffee at what price?", "9nyTOqseuEk-00037-00035730-00036774": "So we know that the first type of coffee is at 8.90 per pound times the number of pounds", "9nyTOqseuEk-00038-00036774-00037904": "plus 11.16 times the number of pounds of B equals fifty pounds", "9nyTOqseuEk-00039-00037904-00039740": "and we want coffee that sells for 9.85 a pound.", "9nyTOqseuEk-00040-00039740-00042158": "You can add this to your work book.", "9nyTOqseuEk-00041-00042158-00044012": "So now we have two equations, if we multiply the first equation by negative 8.9,", "9nyTOqseuEk-00042-00044012-00045998": "We can then drop out our A terms.", "9nyTOqseuEk-00043-00045998-00047072": "Fifty times negative 8.9 is 445.", "9nyTOqseuEk-00044-00047072-00048936": "The other equation remains the same.", "9nyTOqseuEk-00045-00048936-00050240": "Adding these together we get 2.26 b is equal to 47.50,", "9nyTOqseuEk-00046-00050240-00051629": "dividing by 2.26 on both sides, we get B is equal to 21.017.", "9nyTOqseuEk-00047-00051629-00052258": "Go head and just round it to twenty one pounds.", "9nyTOqseuEk-00048-00052258-00052988": "If B is twenty one pounds, and A plus B is equal to fifty,", "9nyTOqseuEk-00049-00052988-00054540": "then A plus twenty one is equal to fifty and A is equal to twenty nine.", "9nyTOqseuEk-00050-00054540-00056310": "This means you need twenty nine pounds at 8.90 a pound, and twenty one pounds at 11.16 a pound."}}, {"audio_id": "9n-4gtd5BCk", "text": {"9n-4gtd5BCk-00000-00000078-00000648": "Rossana and I traveled during the pandemic, everything was quiet and we felt safe", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00001-00000648-00001330": "Follow tips on how to travel in the pandemic, and don't forget to like this video,", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00002-00001330-00001811": "subscribe to the channel and click on Tinker Bell to receive notifications of new videos", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00003-00001811-00002098": "we post", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00004-00002098-00002680": "Leaving from Alpharetta, it took over 24 hours to reach our destination: Goiânia, capital", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00005-00002680-00003045": "of the State of Goiás, in the Midwest of Brazil.", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00006-00003045-00003450": "between changing food the day before you fly,", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00007-00003450-00003796": "having everything you need on the flight in your on-board luggage", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00008-00003796-00003896": "and everything.", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00009-00003896-00004254": "we got ready for this trip at least a week before", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00010-00004254-00005367": "As soon as we passed security, we went straight to terminal E but there was", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00011-00005367-00005926": "nothing open there", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00012-00005926-00006049": "Everything is closed here", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00013-00006049-00007195": "The terminal is empty, E18 ... there is no open restaurant.", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00014-00007195-00007793": "We then proceed to terminal D where we CAN have a beer and have a meal before", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00015-00007793-00008079": "the flight.", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00016-00008079-00008689": "So here's an important tip to ask the check-in agent, what are the options", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00017-00008689-00008839": "inside the terminals?", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00018-00008839-00010569": "Look, there's the outside ...", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00019-00010569-00011206": "Time to prepare and organize the stuff for the flight", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00020-00011206-00011476": "Remember to take photos to document the moment", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00021-00011476-00011917": "Rossana: I cut you, come later", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00022-00011917-00012464": "If you are a user of Google Maps and Google photos you can follow your trip", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00023-00012464-00012944": "THROUGH the timeline", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00024-00012944-00013278": "Soon after we went to terminal E", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00025-00013278-00014228": "The Free shop on this side was closed, if you wanted to buy one thing, it would have to be", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00026-00014228-00014569": "in terminal D before coming here", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00027-00014569-00015665": "Don't forget: what to buy here is not part of your Free Shop quota in Brazil", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00028-00015665-00016122": "As Delta was blocking the central seats of the middle rows, we marked the", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00029-00016122-00016782": "seat of the left and right side of the centrals and with that we had four seats", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00030-00016782-00016882": "for both of us", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00031-00016882-00018043": "My screen was crazy turned on the light changed the channel, called the commissioner and several", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00032-00018043-00018677": "other things, so I moved to the next seat", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00033-00018677-00019034": "I was happy with the measurements taken by Delta for our safety", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00034-00019034-00020340": "Rossana ran out there ahead of time Her flight is now ... I will take", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00035-00020340-00020495": "a little while", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00036-00020495-00021051": "Guarulhos airport is quite large and has several options for food and things", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00037-00021051-00021151": "to do", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00038-00021151-00021949": "The internet service is free for two hours", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00039-00021949-00022479": "Another thing to note is that you can only enter the secure area three hours before", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00040-00022479-00022633": "your flight", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00041-00022633-00023080": "Some places did not accept my American Express card, but I was able to use the", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00042-00023080-00023665": "debit card and this happened in several places during my stay in Brazil. Not all", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00043-00023665-00024147": "cards are accepted at merchants so take a credit card that does not", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00044-00024147-00024726": "have an international rate or debit card and always carry cash.", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00045-00024726-00025243": "One more warning: Pay close attention to your boarding gate can change at", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00046-00025243-00025343": "any time", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00047-00025343-00026506": "I like to remember that much of Brazil the use of masks is required", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00048-00026506-00027187": "Supermarkets and shopping centers are CHECKING The temperature and also forcing the use of the", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00049-00027187-00027287": "mask", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00050-00027287-00027387": "Not all cards are accepted in the establishments so take the credit card that does not", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00051-00027387-00027487": "have the international rate the debit card and always carry cash (THIS PART IS", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00052-00027487-00027587": "ALONG WITH THE 4th PARAGRAPH ABOVE)", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00053-00027587-00027992": "Check your reservation periodically for changes that may happen", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00054-00027992-00028835": "My flights have been canceled several times", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00055-00028835-00029198": "Now I remembered why it is important to have a travel agent", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00056-00029198-00030043": "And here I go to Viracopos", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00057-00030043-00030679": "This leg of the trip is more tiring together with the anxiety of coming home", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00058-00030679-00031344": "When arriving in Viracopos, coming from Goiânia, remember that the area international only opens", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00059-00031344-00031813": "three hours before the flight I should have stayed inside the domestic area", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00060-00031813-00033335": "Disembarkation and Arrivals, international connection pier A, domestic connection p ere B interesting", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00061-00033335-00034365": "So the tip is if you are going to make this connection from Goiânia to Fort Lauderdale de Viracopos", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00062-00034365-00035375": "and take a flight very early my flight was at 2:20 pm I arrived that 3:40 pm, more or less what happened", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00063-00035375-00035475": "was the following", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00064-00035475-00036275": "I left the domestic area to the hall main airport that is right here to enter", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00065-00036275-00036743": "the International area at the time I arrived in the international area only opens three hours", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00066-00036743-00037082": "before the flight, so now they are taking a flight from Lisbon", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00067-00037082-00037376": "so I will stay outside", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00068-00037376-00037637": "Outside there is even one nice little place has this cafe and two other cafes there", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00069-00037637-00038741": "but the options are very little food and everything else so I should have stayed there", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00070-00038741-00039718": "at the domestic until about 6:30 or 7 am, the time to open the International and then enter", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00071-00039718-00039818": "international", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00072-00039818-00040379": "Ie, I would leave the domestic at this time around seven to enter the international", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00073-00040379-00040739": "And I don't know what the international options are I will look there now", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00074-00040739-00041328": "I never flew to this airport so here's a tip if you are going to catch this flight", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00075-00041328-00041853": "too soon from Goiânia or whatever city you are in.", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00076-00041853-00042134": "Another tip I'm in Viracopos", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00077-00042134-00043961": "So I always wanted to say that I'm dizzy in Toronto. I'm turning the glass on Viracopos", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00078-00043961-00044945": "Viracopos is again Okay continuation inside", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00079-00044945-00045544": "I entered the International area where there were also only two restaurants open", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00080-00045544-00046050": "I could go through the duty-free shop and then wait three hours for the flight", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00081-00046050-00046638": "When the boarding agents showed up I took a break for him to organize and serve", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00082-00046638-00046929": "the first passengers", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00083-00046929-00047531": "I went there to talk about doing an upgrade that was $ 320 or changing my seat to a better", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00084-00047531-00047900": "option", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00085-00047900-00048377": "I am very grateful to this people who marked me in the middle seat where there was no", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00086-00048377-00049176": "other passenger and I stayed comfortably throughout the flight", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00087-00049176-00049645": "Upon landing in the United States for having Global Entry I went through immigration in", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00088-00049645-00050344": "less than five minutes and after picking up my bags, customs went even faster", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00089-00050344-00050901": "We landed at Terminal 4 and had to walk to Terminal 1, there was a bus, however, I", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00090-00050901-00051163": "had missed it for a few seconds", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00091-00051163-00051692": "My Southwest flight was at one o'clock in the afternoon and upon arriving at check-in I asked the agent to", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00092-00051692-00052054": "advance my flight but aria many points", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00093-00052054-00052560": "She then gave me the tip to enter the application to change my ticket and", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00094-00052560-00052864": "with that I still got 1500 points back", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00095-00052864-00053574": "The work of air agents has been very difficult with the stress of uncertainty and cut", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00096-00053574-00054216": "in personnel. At all times I realized that they are doing everything possible to serve passengers well", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00097-00054216-00054941": "and I am very grateful for that.", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00098-00054941-00055501": "It was a busy 15 days We", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00099-00055501-00056132": "celebrated our granddaughter's birthday", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00100-00056132-00056514": "We also had time to create some Episodes We", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00101-00056514-00057004": "interviewed Ian Baiocchi, one of the biggest names in world gastronomy today,", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00102-00057004-00057175": "and some of his ventures", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00103-00057175-00057547": "I met Grá Bistró AND Grá rooftop", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00104-00057547-00058104": "We also went to the ice cream parlor Alata that with a regional flair has become yet another", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00105-00058104-00058591": "tasty", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00106-00058591-00058691": "tour", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00107-00058691-00059925": "In Pirenópolis, a historic and tourist town in Goiás, we met with our", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00108-00059925-00060443": "friend Inaudy, at the Loft Quinta do Rosário, to get to know this project", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00109-00060443-00060749": "he built.", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00110-00060749-00061242": "Soon after he took us to see the Parque do Coqueiro, also in “Pirí”,", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00111-00061242-00062526": "a loving way that everyone calls the city. It is a must-see waterfall complex.", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00112-00062526-00063011": "Finally, returning to Goiânia, I visited The Rock Steakhouse, a nightclub with a", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00113-00063011-00064142": "theme about rock and roll and decoration dedicated to the history of rock", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00114-00064142-00064604": "Wait for the new episodes like this video, subscribe to our channel and click on the bell", "9n-4gtd5BCk-00115-00064604-00065015": "to receive notification, when our videos are posted"}}, {"audio_id": "9n-gZIlZJMQ", "text": {"9n-gZIlZJMQ-00000-00000840-00001034": "There are no floating windows.", "9n-gZIlZJMQ-00001-00001034-00001458": "Apps open fullscreen and take up the entire workspace by default.", "9n-gZIlZJMQ-00002-00001458-00001910": "Windows can be grouped onto the same workspace in tiled layouts in the overview,", "9n-gZIlZJMQ-00003-00001910-00002428": "and the exact sizes can be adjusted with explicit resize handles between windows.", "9n-gZIlZJMQ-00004-00002556-00002818": "Tiles can be split along both axes,", "9n-gZIlZJMQ-00005-00002818-00003240": "as long as the minimum size of the respective windows allows for it.", "9n-gZIlZJMQ-00006-00003418-00003815": "Multitasking works similarly across desktop and phone.", "9n-gZIlZJMQ-00007-00003815-00004368": "Three-finger swiping from the bottom, or clicking the bottom bar, or pressing Super key,", "9n-gZIlZJMQ-00008-00004368-00004866": "opens the overview, where tiled app groups are arranged in an horizontal view.", "9n-gZIlZJMQ-00009-00005062-00005554": "Three finger swiping from the left, or clicking the time, opens the calendar,", "9n-gZIlZJMQ-00010-00005554-00005830": "including upcoming events and weather.", "9n-gZIlZJMQ-00011-00006230-00006745": "Three finger swiping from the right opens the system status area and notifications.", "9n-gZIlZJMQ-00012-00006992-00007490": "After boot up, and when there are no open windows, Shell only shows the app grid,", "9n-gZIlZJMQ-00013-00007490-00007708": "and you can't leave the overview.", "9n-gZIlZJMQ-00014-00007822-00008214": "When the first window is opened, the app grid is compressed vertically,", "9n-gZIlZJMQ-00015-00008214-00008530": "and the strop of running applications appears at the top.", "9n-gZIlZJMQ-00016-00009036-00009148": "Hey Chino?", "9n-gZIlZJMQ-00017-00009148-00009380": "You believe we should f*ck this video up?"}}, {"audio_id": "9n-NLy6KosU", "text": {"9n-NLy6KosU-00000-00000334-00001801": "“Expecting is", "9n-NLy6KosU-00001-00001801-00001968": "the greatest impediment to living.", "9n-NLy6KosU-00002-00001968-00002435": "In anticipation of tomorrow, it loses today.”", "9n-NLy6KosU-00003-00002435-00002711": "– Seneca There is a misconception that Stoicism is", "9n-NLy6KosU-00004-00002711-00002982": "synonymous with not caring about the world.", "9n-NLy6KosU-00005-00002982-00003540": "That to be a Stoic means to give up on being invested in the things that you care about", "9n-NLy6KosU-00006-00003540-00004103": "in that world, giving up your power to affect the outcome so that you’re not devastated", "9n-NLy6KosU-00007-00004103-00004303": "when it doesn’t work out.", "9n-NLy6KosU-00008-00004303-00004630": "This is not what it means to be a Stoic.", "9n-NLy6KosU-00009-00004630-00005282": "Stoicism is about returning the power to you, about reclaiming your ability to act, not", "9n-NLy6KosU-00010-00005282-00005573": "react to situations.", "9n-NLy6KosU-00011-00005573-00006120": "Employing some level of Stoic outlook in our lives does not make us cut off from life,", "9n-NLy6KosU-00012-00006120-00006628": "it gives us the confidence to choose what we care about in that life, a power that few", "9n-NLy6KosU-00013-00006628-00006911": "of us ever truly realize.", "9n-NLy6KosU-00014-00006911-00007418": "Here are five stoic lessons to start incorporating into your life right now.", "9n-NLy6KosU-00015-00007418-00008100": "\"If you are tempted to look outside yourself for approval, you have compromised your integrity.", "9n-NLy6KosU-00016-00008100-00008389": "If you need a witness, be your own.\"", "9n-NLy6KosU-00017-00008389-00008690": "– Epictetus This quote by Epictetus Greek philosopher", "9n-NLy6KosU-00018-00008690-00009296": "illustrates the disservice we do to ourselves when we are always looking outside for approval.", "9n-NLy6KosU-00019-00009296-00009702": "If you never trust yourself, aren’t you always reacting to life and never shaping", "9n-NLy6KosU-00020-00009702-00009868": "it how you want it?", "9n-NLy6KosU-00021-00009868-00010488": "If we are to be more confident, we must first be able to value our own opinions and decisions.", "9n-NLy6KosU-00022-00010488-00010806": "Epictetus was born as a slave in the Roman Empire.", "9n-NLy6KosU-00023-00010806-00011322": "Despite this he become renowned for his Stoic teachings and now lives on through his recorded", "9n-NLy6KosU-00024-00011322-00011453": "works.", "9n-NLy6KosU-00025-00011453-00011622": "Never let the future disturb you.", "9n-NLy6KosU-00026-00011622-00012165": "You will meet it, if you have to, with the same weapons of reason which today arm you", "9n-NLy6KosU-00027-00012165-00012305": "against the present.", "9n-NLy6KosU-00028-00012305-00012652": "– Marcus Aurelius Stoicism is not just a philosophy for slaves", "9n-NLy6KosU-00029-00012652-00013092": "and those suffering in harsh times, Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius is one of the most", "9n-NLy6KosU-00030-00013092-00013237": "famous Stoics in History.", "9n-NLy6KosU-00031-00013237-00013761": "In this quote he shows us the value of having confidence in yourself to navigate the future,", "9n-NLy6KosU-00032-00013761-00014161": "and not be reliant on some plan or safety net to get you through.", "9n-NLy6KosU-00033-00014161-00014771": "I mean, if we really think about it, unexpected events are a guarantee in life, so wouldn’t", "9n-NLy6KosU-00034-00014771-00015262": "it be better to build up our ability to weather those events instead of trying to convince", "9n-NLy6KosU-00035-00015262-00015531": "ourselves they will never happen?", "9n-NLy6KosU-00036-00015531-00016059": "When we tell ourselves life will be great after we land that job or we cross some milestone,", "9n-NLy6KosU-00037-00016059-00016587": "we set ourselves up to be devastated and left powerless when life throws a curveball at", "9n-NLy6KosU-00038-00016587-00016687": "us.", "9n-NLy6KosU-00039-00016687-00017101": "With the confidence of Marcus Aurelius, we can rest easy knowing we can take whatever", "9n-NLy6KosU-00040-00017101-00017245": "is thrown at us.", "9n-NLy6KosU-00041-00017245-00017884": "“A gem cannot be polished without friction, nor a man perfected without trials.”", "9n-NLy6KosU-00042-00017884-00018221": "– Seneca Own your failures, we aren’t meant to succeed", "9n-NLy6KosU-00043-00018221-00018782": "at everything, in fact, we are meant to fail at most things.", "9n-NLy6KosU-00044-00018782-00019156": "Because when you really think about it, we are trying to find that handful of things", "9n-NLy6KosU-00045-00019156-00019487": "we enjoy and actually want to work on in life.", "9n-NLy6KosU-00046-00019487-00019980": "If you succeed at every relationship, every job and attempt at everything new, you would", "9n-NLy6KosU-00047-00019980-00020459": "stop experiencing new things, your life would always stay the same because you would never", "9n-NLy6KosU-00048-00020459-00021156": "fail, failure rounds our edges, it sharpens and sculpts us into hat unique person you", "9n-NLy6KosU-00049-00021156-00021256": "are.", "9n-NLy6KosU-00050-00021256-00021609": "“You should … live in such a way that there is nothing which you could not as easily", "9n-NLy6KosU-00051-00021609-00021868": "tell your enemy as keep to yourself.”", "9n-NLy6KosU-00052-00021868-00021968": "― Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Letters from a Stoic", "9n-NLy6KosU-00053-00021968-00022204": "We can interpret this quote in two ways.", "9n-NLy6KosU-00054-00022204-00022687": "The most obvious takeaway is that we should live our lives open and honestly, this doesn’t", "9n-NLy6KosU-00055-00022687-00023212": "need to be an unnecessary amount of information about your life being given out but that when", "9n-NLy6KosU-00056-00023212-00023663": "the moment calls for it, not to shy away from telling the truth.", "9n-NLy6KosU-00057-00023663-00024162": "Not to hide what you’ve done, what you do now, or what you want to do in the future", "9n-NLy6KosU-00058-00024162-00024556": "because you are too afraid of how people will react.", "9n-NLy6KosU-00059-00024556-00025051": "Tell people who you are and don’t be afraid to shout your dreams from a mountain top.", "9n-NLy6KosU-00060-00025051-00025461": "If you don’t show people who you really are, they won’t truly know you.", "9n-NLy6KosU-00061-00025461-00025838": "Secondly, this outward honesty is linked to inward honesty.", "9n-NLy6KosU-00062-00025838-00026236": "When we aren’t honest about what we have done in the past, the consequences of our", "9n-NLy6KosU-00063-00026236-00026816": "actions, or what we want in life, a better life will never come.", "9n-NLy6KosU-00064-00026816-00027222": "You must know yourself in order to improve yourself.", "9n-NLy6KosU-00065-00027222-00027877": "You are scared of dying and tell me, is the kind of life you lead really any different", "9n-NLy6KosU-00066-00027877-00027977": "from being dead?", "9n-NLy6KosU-00067-00027977-00028274": "– Seneca A blunt quote from Seneca to be sure, but", "9n-NLy6KosU-00068-00028274-00028466": "he kind of has a point.", "9n-NLy6KosU-00069-00028466-00028993": "If we freeze up in those moments where action is required of us, where adventure and opportunity", "9n-NLy6KosU-00070-00028993-00029411": "presents itself in those rare moments, what is it we are living for?", "9n-NLy6KosU-00071-00029411-00030106": "A human life is a short note in a cosmic song, so make it the most memorable and unique note", "9n-NLy6KosU-00072-00030106-00030248": "you can.", "9n-NLy6KosU-00073-00030248-00030724": "Regardless of all these stoic quotes full of wisdom, resilience, and will power, there", "9n-NLy6KosU-00074-00030724-00031270": "is now way you can grow, improve your personal development or your life as a whole if you", "9n-NLy6KosU-00075-00031270-00031441": "don’t practice.", "9n-NLy6KosU-00076-00031441-00032002": "Try to live each and every day with bit more of a stoic attitude and you may be surprised", "9n-NLy6KosU-00077-00032002-00032264": "how much confidence in yourself you start to feel."}}, {"audio_id": "9nBlBiwwKx0", "text": {"9nBlBiwwKx0-00000-00000010-00000063": "THE HEARING IS SCHEDULED TO", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00001-00000063-00000070": "THE HEARING IS SCHEDULED TO", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00002-00000070-00000410": "THE HEARING IS SCHEDULED TO START AT 11:00 A.M.", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00003-00000410-00000417": "THE HEARING IS SCHEDULED TO START AT 11:00 A.M.", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00004-00000417-00000487": "THE HEARING IS SCHEDULED TO START AT 11:00 A.M. >>> ORGANIZERS OF THE BRAINERD", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00005-00000487-00000493": "START AT 11:00 A.M. >>> ORGANIZERS OF THE BRAINERD", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00006-00000493-00000597": "START AT 11:00 A.M. >>> ORGANIZERS OF THE BRAINERD  JAYCEES ARE INVESTIGATING", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00007-00000597-00000603": ">>> ORGANIZERS OF THE BRAINERD  JAYCEES ARE INVESTIGATING", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00008-00000603-00002732": ">>> ORGANIZERS OF THE BRAINERD  JAYCEES ARE INVESTIGATING  WHETHER SOME COMPETITORS IN THIS", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00009-00002732-00002739": "JAYCEES ARE INVESTIGATING  WHETHER SOME COMPETITORS IN THIS", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00010-00002739-00003386": "JAYCEES ARE INVESTIGATING  WHETHER SOME COMPETITORS IN THIS YEARARY $150,000 ICE FISHING", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00011-00003386-00003393": "WHETHER SOME COMPETITORS IN THIS YEARARY $150,000 ICE FISHING", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00012-00003393-00003770": "WHETHER SOME COMPETITORS IN THIS YEARARY $150,000 ICE FISHING EXTRAVAGANZA ENGAGED IN FRAUD.", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00013-00003770-00003777": "YEARARY $150,000 ICE FISHING EXTRAVAGANZA ENGAGED IN FRAUD.", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00014-00003777-00003847": "YEARARY $150,000 ICE FISHING EXTRAVAGANZA ENGAGED IN FRAUD.  THE \"MINNEAPOLIS STAR TRIBUNE\"", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00015-00003847-00003853": "EXTRAVAGANZA ENGAGED IN FRAUD.  THE \"MINNEAPOLIS STAR TRIBUNE\"", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00016-00003853-00003913": "EXTRAVAGANZA ENGAGED IN FRAUD.  THE \"MINNEAPOLIS STAR TRIBUNE\"  REPORTS THREE OF THE 150", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00017-00003913-00003920": "THE \"MINNEAPOLIS STAR TRIBUNE\"  REPORTS THREE OF THE 150", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00018-00003920-00003987": "THE \"MINNEAPOLIS STAR TRIBUNE\"  REPORTS THREE OF THE 150  PRIZE-WINNERS IN THE JANUARY", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00019-00003987-00003993": "REPORTS THREE OF THE 150  PRIZE-WINNERS IN THE JANUARY", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00020-00003993-00004050": "REPORTS THREE OF THE 150  PRIZE-WINNERS IN THE JANUARY  27TH CONTEST ARE BEING", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00021-00004050-00004057": "PRIZE-WINNERS IN THE JANUARY  27TH CONTEST ARE BEING", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00022-00004057-00004124": "PRIZE-WINNERS IN THE JANUARY  27TH CONTEST ARE BEING  INVESTIGATED TO MAKE SURE THEIR", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00023-00004124-00004130": "27TH CONTEST ARE BEING  INVESTIGATED TO MAKE SURE THEIR", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00024-00004130-00004197": "27TH CONTEST ARE BEING  INVESTIGATED TO MAKE SURE THEIR FISH WERE CAUGHT LEGITIMATELY.", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00025-00004197-00004204": "INVESTIGATED TO MAKE SURE THEIR FISH WERE CAUGHT LEGITIMATELY.", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00026-00004204-00004274": "INVESTIGATED TO MAKE SURE THEIR FISH WERE CAUGHT LEGITIMATELY.  EVENT CHAIRMAN SHANE MEYER TOLD", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00027-00004274-00004280": "FISH WERE CAUGHT LEGITIMATELY.  EVENT CHAIRMAN SHANE MEYER TOLD", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00028-00004280-00004347": "FISH WERE CAUGHT LEGITIMATELY.  EVENT CHAIRMAN SHANE MEYER TOLD  \"THE STAR TRIBUNE\" ORGANIZERS", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00029-00004347-00004354": "EVENT CHAIRMAN SHANE MEYER TOLD  \"THE STAR TRIBUNE\" ORGANIZERS", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00030-00004354-00004421": "EVENT CHAIRMAN SHANE MEYER TOLD  \"THE STAR TRIBUNE\" ORGANIZERS  HAVE NO PROOF OF CHEATING. BUT", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00031-00004421-00004427": "\"THE STAR TRIBUNE\" ORGANIZERS  HAVE NO PROOF OF CHEATING. BUT", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00032-00004427-00004501": "\"THE STAR TRIBUNE\" ORGANIZERS  HAVE NO PROOF OF CHEATING. BUT THEY'VE PLACED HOLDS ON ALL", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00033-00004501-00004507": "HAVE NO PROOF OF CHEATING. BUT THEY'VE PLACED HOLDS ON ALL", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00034-00004507-00004557": "HAVE NO PROOF OF CHEATING. BUT THEY'VE PLACED HOLDS ON ALL  THREE PRIZES AS THE", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00035-00004557-00004564": "THEY'VE PLACED HOLDS ON ALL  THREE PRIZES AS THE", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00036-00004564-00004624": "THEY'VE PLACED HOLDS ON ALL  THREE PRIZES AS THE  INVESTIGATION IS PENDING.", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00037-00004624-00004631": "THREE PRIZES AS THE  INVESTIGATION IS PENDING.", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00038-00004631-00004697": "THREE PRIZES AS THE  INVESTIGATION IS PENDING.  STEPHAN LYOGKY AND HIS FATHER,", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00039-00004697-00004704": "INVESTIGATION IS PENDING.  STEPHAN LYOGKY AND HIS FATHER,", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00040-00004704-00004774": "INVESTIGATION IS PENDING.  STEPHAN LYOGKY AND HIS FATHER,  IVAN LYOGKY CAUGHT TWO OF THREE", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00041-00004774-00004781": "STEPHAN LYOGKY AND HIS FATHER,  IVAN LYOGKY CAUGHT TWO OF THREE", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00042-00004781-00004848": "STEPHAN LYOGKY AND HIS FATHER,  IVAN LYOGKY CAUGHT TWO OF THREE  NORTHERN PIKE THAT ONE PRIZES.", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00043-00004848-00004854": "IVAN LYOGKY CAUGHT TWO OF THREE  NORTHERN PIKE THAT ONE PRIZES.", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00044-00004854-00004914": "IVAN LYOGKY CAUGHT TWO OF THREE  NORTHERN PIKE THAT ONE PRIZES.  THAT WON PRIZES. A RELATIVE,", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00045-00004914-00004921": "NORTHERN PIKE THAT ONE PRIZES.  THAT WON PRIZES. A RELATIVE,", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00046-00004921-00005001": "NORTHERN PIKE THAT ONE PRIZES.  THAT WON PRIZES. A RELATIVE, ROSTIK LYOGKY, CAUGHT THE SOLE", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00047-00005001-00005008": "THAT WON PRIZES. A RELATIVE, ROSTIK LYOGKY, CAUGHT THE SOLE", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00048-00005008-00005078": "THAT WON PRIZES. A RELATIVE, ROSTIK LYOGKY, CAUGHT THE SOLE   THE MEN FINISHED IN FIRST, THIR", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00049-00005078-00005085": "ROSTIK LYOGKY, CAUGHT THE SOLE   THE MEN FINISHED IN FIRST, THIR", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00050-00005085-00005929": "ROSTIK LYOGKY, CAUGHT THE SOLE   THE MEN FINISHED IN FIRST, THIR  AND 98TH PLACE RESPECTIVELY.", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00051-00005929-00005935": "THE MEN FINISHED IN FIRST, THIR  AND 98TH PLACE RESPECTIVELY.", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00052-00005935-00006012": "THE MEN FINISHED IN FIRST, THIR  AND 98TH PLACE RESPECTIVELY.  THEIR PRIZES ━ A PICKUP TRUCK,", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00053-00006012-00006019": "AND 98TH PLACE RESPECTIVELY.  THEIR PRIZES ━ A PICKUP TRUCK,", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00054-00006019-00006089": "AND 98TH PLACE RESPECTIVELY.  THEIR PRIZES ━ A PICKUP TRUCK,  $1,000 AND AN ICE AUGER -- HAVE", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00055-00006089-00006096": "THEIR PRIZES ━ A PICKUP TRUCK,  $1,000 AND AN ICE AUGER -- HAVE", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00056-00006096-00006159": "THEIR PRIZES ━ A PICKUP TRUCK,  $1,000 AND AN ICE AUGER -- HAVE  BEEN PLACED ON HOLD. A LAWYER", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00057-00006159-00006166": "$1,000 AND AN ICE AUGER -- HAVE  BEEN PLACED ON HOLD. A LAWYER", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00058-00006166-00006226": "$1,000 AND AN ICE AUGER -- HAVE  BEEN PLACED ON HOLD. A LAWYER FOR THE MEN SAID THAT THEY", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00059-00006226-00006232": "BEEN PLACED ON HOLD. A LAWYER FOR THE MEN SAID THAT THEY", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00060-00006232-00006296": "BEEN PLACED ON HOLD. A LAWYER FOR THE MEN SAID THAT THEY FOLLOWED CONTEST RULES AND ARE", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00061-00006296-00006302": "FOR THE MEN SAID THAT THEY FOLLOWED CONTEST RULES AND ARE", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00062-00006302-00006403": "FOR THE MEN SAID THAT THEY FOLLOWED CONTEST RULES AND ARE WILLING TO TAKE LIE DETECTOR TE", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00063-00006403-00006409": "FOLLOWED CONTEST RULES AND ARE WILLING TO TAKE LIE DETECTOR TE", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00064-00006409-00006526": "FOLLOWED CONTEST RULES AND ARE WILLING TO TAKE LIE DETECTOR TE  WINNING ANGLERS WHO DON'T TAKE", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00065-00006526-00006533": "WILLING TO TAKE LIE DETECTOR TE  WINNING ANGLERS WHO DON'T TAKE", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00066-00006533-00006626": "WILLING TO TAKE LIE DETECTOR TE  WINNING ANGLERS WHO DON'T TAKE   TEST UPON REQUEST MUST FORFEIT", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00067-00006626-00006633": "WINNING ANGLERS WHO DON'T TAKE   TEST UPON REQUEST MUST FORFEIT", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00068-00006633-00006836": "WINNING ANGLERS WHO DON'T TAKE   TEST UPON REQUEST MUST FORFEIT THEIR PRIZES. VOLUNTEERS PATROL", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00069-00006836-00006843": "TEST UPON REQUEST MUST FORFEIT THEIR PRIZES. VOLUNTEERS PATROL", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00070-00006843-00006946": "TEST UPON REQUEST MUST FORFEIT THEIR PRIZES. VOLUNTEERS PATROL THE AREA ON GULL LAKE WHERE", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00071-00006946-00006953": "THEIR PRIZES. VOLUNTEERS PATROL THE AREA ON GULL LAKE WHERE", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00072-00006953-00007343": "THEIR PRIZES. VOLUNTEERS PATROL THE AREA ON GULL LAKE WHERE ANGLERS CAN FISH, BUT WITH AN E", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00073-00007343-00007350": "THE AREA ON GULL LAKE WHERE ANGLERS CAN FISH, BUT WITH AN E", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00074-00007350-00007490": "THE AREA ON GULL LAKE WHERE ANGLERS CAN FISH, BUT WITH AN E  12,000 PARTICIPANTS THIS YEAR", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00075-00007490-00007497": "ANGLERS CAN FISH, BUT WITH AN E  12,000 PARTICIPANTS THIS YEAR", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00076-00007497-00007774": "ANGLERS CAN FISH, BUT WITH AN E  12,000 PARTICIPANTS THIS YEAR  MONITORING CAN BE DIFFICULT. IT", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00077-00007774-00007781": "12,000 PARTICIPANTS THIS YEAR  MONITORING CAN BE DIFFICULT. IT", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00078-00007781-00007877": "12,000 PARTICIPANTS THIS YEAR  MONITORING CAN BE DIFFICULT. IT COULD BE POSSIBLE FOR SOMEONE TO", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00079-00007877-00007884": "MONITORING CAN BE DIFFICULT. IT COULD BE POSSIBLE FOR SOMEONE TO", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00080-00007884-00008034": "MONITORING CAN BE DIFFICULT. IT COULD BE POSSIBLE FOR SOMEONE TO SNEAK IN A FISH INTO THE AREA,", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00081-00008034-00008041": "COULD BE POSSIBLE FOR SOMEONE TO SNEAK IN A FISH INTO THE AREA,", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00082-00008041-00008148": "COULD BE POSSIBLE FOR SOMEONE TO SNEAK IN A FISH INTO THE AREA, THOUGH FISH MUST BE ALIVE WHEN", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00083-00008148-00008154": "SNEAK IN A FISH INTO THE AREA, THOUGH FISH MUST BE ALIVE WHEN", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00084-00008154-00008411": "SNEAK IN A FISH INTO THE AREA, THOUGH FISH MUST BE ALIVE WHEN REGISTERED TO QUALIFY FOR A PRI", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00085-00008411-00008418": "THOUGH FISH MUST BE ALIVE WHEN REGISTERED TO QUALIFY FOR A PRI", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00086-00008418-00008528": "THOUGH FISH MUST BE ALIVE WHEN REGISTERED TO QUALIFY FOR A PRI  IT WOULD ALSO BE POSSIBLE FOR A", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00087-00008528-00008535": "REGISTERED TO QUALIFY FOR A PRI  IT WOULD ALSO BE POSSIBLE FOR A", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00088-00008535-00008722": "REGISTERED TO QUALIFY FOR A PRI  IT WOULD ALSO BE POSSIBLE FOR A  PARTICIPANT TO SNEAK A FISH INTO", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00089-00008722-00008728": "IT WOULD ALSO BE POSSIBLE FOR A  PARTICIPANT TO SNEAK A FISH INTO", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00090-00008728-00008972": "IT WOULD ALSO BE POSSIBLE FOR A  PARTICIPANT TO SNEAK A FISH INTO A HOLE THE NIGHT BEFORE THE COM", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00091-00008972-00008978": "PARTICIPANT TO SNEAK A FISH INTO A HOLE THE NIGHT BEFORE THE COM", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00092-00008978-00009115": "PARTICIPANT TO SNEAK A FISH INTO A HOLE THE NIGHT BEFORE THE COM  ORGANIZERS PLAN TO HAVE", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00093-00009115-00009122": "A HOLE THE NIGHT BEFORE THE COM  ORGANIZERS PLAN TO HAVE", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00094-00009122-00009362": "A HOLE THE NIGHT BEFORE THE COM  ORGANIZERS PLAN TO HAVE  ADDITIONAL SECURITY PROTOCOLS", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00095-00009362-00009369": "ORGANIZERS PLAN TO HAVE  ADDITIONAL SECURITY PROTOCOLS", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00096-00009369-00009436": "ORGANIZERS PLAN TO HAVE  ADDITIONAL SECURITY PROTOCOLS  NEXT YEAR AND SAY ONLY TWO OTHER", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00097-00009436-00009442": "ADDITIONAL SECURITY PROTOCOLS  NEXT YEAR AND SAY ONLY TWO OTHER", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00098-00009442-00009682": "ADDITIONAL SECURITY PROTOCOLS  NEXT YEAR AND SAY ONLY TWO OTHER ANGLERS HAVE BEEN INVESTIGATED", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00099-00009682-00009689": "NEXT YEAR AND SAY ONLY TWO OTHER ANGLERS HAVE BEEN INVESTIGATED", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00100-00009689-00009963": "NEXT YEAR AND SAY ONLY TWO OTHER ANGLERS HAVE BEEN INVESTIGATED   CHEATING OVER THE EVENT'S 28 YE", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00101-00009963-00009969": "ANGLERS HAVE BEEN INVESTIGATED   CHEATING OVER THE EVENT'S 28 YE", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00102-00009969-00010100": "ANGLERS HAVE BEEN INVESTIGATED   CHEATING OVER THE EVENT'S 28 YE  IN THOSE TWO CASES, ONE PERSON", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00103-00010100-00010106": "CHEATING OVER THE EVENT'S 28 YE  IN THOSE TWO CASES, ONE PERSON", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00104-00010106-00010233": "CHEATING OVER THE EVENT'S 28 YE  IN THOSE TWO CASES, ONE PERSON  TOOK A REQUIRED LIE DETECTOR", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00105-00010233-00010240": "IN THOSE TWO CASES, ONE PERSON  TOOK A REQUIRED LIE DETECTOR", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00106-00010240-00010393": "IN THOSE TWO CASES, ONE PERSON  TOOK A REQUIRED LIE DETECTOR  TEST AND PASSED IT, AND THE", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00107-00010393-00010400": "TOOK A REQUIRED LIE DETECTOR  TEST AND PASSED IT, AND THE", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00108-00010400-00010473": "TOOK A REQUIRED LIE DETECTOR  TEST AND PASSED IT, AND THE  OTHER PERSON DECLINED, WHICH WA", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00109-00010473-00010480": "TEST AND PASSED IT, AND THE  OTHER PERSON DECLINED, WHICH WA", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00110-00010480-00010657": "TEST AND PASSED IT, AND THE  OTHER PERSON DECLINED, WHICH WA  HIS RIGHT. WHEN HE DID, HE", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00111-00010657-00010663": "OTHER PERSON DECLINED, WHICH WA  HIS RIGHT. WHEN HE DID, HE", "9nBlBiwwKx0-00112-00010663-00011137": "OTHER PERSON DECLINED, WHICH WA  HIS RIGHT. WHEN HE DID, HE FORFEITED HIS PRIZE."}}, {"audio_id": "9nKSbL6nCCE", "text": {"9nKSbL6nCCE-00000-00000073-00000191": "Hello again.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00001-00000192-00000614": "You'll remember that this Module's assignement consisted in doing a creativity test.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00002-00000615-00000821": "A Test by Saturnino de la Torre.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00003-00000821-00001173": "In this video we're going to see how the test is assessed.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00004-00001174-00001240": "How to analyze what's been done", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00005-00001241-00001584": "to have an assessment --albeit approximate, qualitative--", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00006-00001585-00001936": "of our creative potential at this moment.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00007-00001936-00002141": "If you haven't done the test yet,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00008-00002141-00002290": "you need to stop this video", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00009-00002291-00002690": "and do it. Do the test and submit it as an assignement at the course's website", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00010-00002691-00002820": "and do it. Do the test and submit it as an assignement at the course's website", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00011-00002821-00002908": "I repeat.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00012-00002909-00003232": "You must not keep watching this video before doing the test,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00013-00003233-00003659": "because the results will be greatly conditioned if you do.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00014-00003660-00003780": "This assignement", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00015-00003781-00003906": "consists of several phases.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00016-00003907-00004070": "It's a peer to peer assessment.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00017-00004071-00004165": "First thing", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00018-00004166-00004589": "is to do the test --you alone, personally, individually-- and submit it to the course's platform.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00019-00004589-00004961": "The second phase --that it's the one we're going to start now-- consists in assessing the", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00020-00004962-00005026": "test.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00021-00005027-00005270": "But you're not going to assess your own test,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00022-00005271-00005472": "--which you can do too if you want, of course--,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00023-00005472-00005599": "you're going to assess", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00024-00005600-00005996": "the test of of some of your classmates.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00025-00005997-00006144": "They will assess,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00026-00006145-00006275": "anonymously,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00027-00006276-00006711": "the test you've done. It's a peer to peer assesment.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00028-00006712-00006865": "Well, let's get to it.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00029-00006866-00007193": "Even if it's approximate, we're going to see what steps we must follow to", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00030-00007194-00007511": "assess the test results.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00031-00007512-00007900": "This test is based on the principle --fundamentally--", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00032-00007901-00008137": "of closure resistance. We're going to do an experiment.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00033-00008138-00008319": "Dime lo que ves", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00034-00008320-00008649": "in this image, int the slide.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00035-00008650-00008836": "Well, you can say whatever you want,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00036-00008837-00009228": "but I'm sure you're seeing a letter \"M\", or have seen, at some point.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00037-00009229-00009379": "The letter \"M\" Why?", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00038-00009380-00009513": "Because the brain", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00039-00009514-00009734": "is constantly", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00040-00009735-00010064": "searching for known patterns in our visual field.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00041-00010064-00010438": "It's recognizing patters.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00042-00010438-00010720": "And letters are a pattern we work with everyday.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00043-00010721-00011028": "And, therefore, it's pretty common to see the letter \"M\".", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00044-00011028-00011123": "However,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00045-00011124-00011345": "those are four lines, unconnected between them,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00046-00011346-00011595": "that don't have, in principle, any relation", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00047-00011596-00011764": "beyond being in a position", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00048-00011764-00011913": "similar to that of the letter \"M\".", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00049-00011914-00012323": "Well, this has to do with the concept of closure resistance", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00050-00012324-00012481": "that's related, in turn, with creativity.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00051-00012482-00012840": "A North american psycologist, Ellis Paul Torrance,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00052-00012840-00013053": "once said: \"An incomplete shape", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00053-00013053-00013410": "causes a certain tension in people, an unconscious tension,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00054-00013411-00013519": "subtle,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00055-00013519-00013702": "a mental tension\".", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00056-00013702-00013890": "To reduce this tension", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00057-00013890-00014331": "we have a tendency to close the incomplete shapes in the fastest and simplest way.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00058-00014331-00014466": "we have a tendency to close the incomplete shapes in the fastest and simplest way.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00059-00014466-00014835": "Resisting this premature closure --Resistance to premature closure--", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00060-00014836-00015031": "is an indicator of creativity.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00061-00015031-00015375": "And is one of the indicators that can be surmised from this test", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00062-00015376-00015647": "and that, therefore, gives us a measure", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00063-00015647-00015993": "of creativity, of our creative potential.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00064-00015993-00016333": "We'll be seeing the indicators throughout this course. We'll be working with seven of them, which aren't", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00065-00016333-00016575": "all that can be seen in this test,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00066-00016575-00016931": "but they're seven interesting indicators. Easy to analyze,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00067-00016932-00017205": "and they're going to give us an idea, albeit approximate.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00068-00017205-00017346": "We're going to see them one by one.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00069-00017346-00017605": "The first is, of course, the resistance to premature closure.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00070-00017606-00017875": "This an example of a test", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00071-00017875-00018017": "made by a person", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00072-00018017-00018347": "without resistance to closure, that has completed like this:", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00073-00018347-00018663": "With some straight lines, some bent lines, as simple and fast as possible,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00074-00018664-00018811": "y ya lo dio por acabado.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00075-00018811-00019228": "Well then, in our creativity assessment, this person will have a low score.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00076-00019228-00019455": "Because this person hasn't resisted to closure.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00077-00019455-00019573": "On the contrary,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00078-00019574-00019744": "if we see the test of another person,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00079-00019744-00019846": "or ours,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00080-00019846-00019963": "and we find", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00081-00019963-00020087": "that those", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00082-00020088-00020329": "gaps", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00083-00020329-00020806": "are left like that, without closing, or closed in ellaborate ways, very indirect,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00084-00020806-00021040": "very decorated,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00085-00021040-00021136": "that'll", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00086-00021137-00021412": "give a high creativity score.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00087-00021412-00021790": "We're going to give a score to each indicator, from 0 to 10 points, that's your job.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00088-00021790-00022099": "Your job's to analyze the test and", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00089-00022099-00022373": "give a score from 0 to 10 points to each indicator.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00090-00022373-00022689": "Therefore, the first indicator of resistance to premature closure", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00091-00022690-00022793": "will be scored like this:", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00092-00022793-00022964": "a 0, the lowest score,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00093-00022964-00023447": "if all shapes, the twelve of them, are closed fast and easy.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00094-00023447-00023633": "Or the highest score of 10", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00095-00023634-00023857": "in case that those", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00096-00023857-00024013": "shapes aren't closed", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00097-00024013-00024241": "or have been closed ellaborately,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00098-00024241-00024496": "indirectly, with decoration, colors,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00099-00024496-00024669": "elaborately,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00100-00024669-00024877": "spending time on it.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00101-00024877-00025203": "Well, you have to score it, approximately,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00102-00025203-00025559": "--without spending too much time on it-- between 0 and 10, looking at how", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00103-00025559-00025881": "those twelve shapes have been completed. And ythat's our first indicator", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00104-00025881-00026139": "of resistance to premature closing.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00105-00026139-00026585": "The second, easy to explain, is originality.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00106-00026586-00026750": "It has to do with", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00107-00026750-00026906": "using or", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00108-00026906-00027373": "drawing, to complete the test,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00109-00027374-00027605": "shapes or objects", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00110-00027605-00027956": "that everybody think of or shapes or objects", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00111-00027956-00028395": "that are wholly original. And that the rest of the people don't usually think of.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00112-00028395-00028732": "Of course, here the problem is knowing wich are the objects that the people usually draws.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00113-00028733-00028810": "Of course, here the problem is knowing wich are the objects that the people usually draws.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00114-00028811-00029237": "Well, the author of this test, Saturnino de la Torre, that has used it", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00115-00029237-00029333": "thousands of times,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00116-00029333-00029667": "has a statistical solution --that it's on his books-- of the shapes that are repeated the most.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00117-00029668-00029995": "For example, the first shape on the upper left corner", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00118-00029995-00030110": "is usually completed", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00119-00030111-00030211": "as a mushroom,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00120-00030212-00030434": "a tree or a vase.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00121-00030434-00030580": "Well, we'll have to", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00122-00030580-00030772": "go shape to shape", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00123-00030772-00031199": "analyzing if they've been completed with a typical object, uncreatively, thus scoring low;", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00124-00031199-00031324": "analyzing if they've been completed with a typical object, uncreatively, thus scoring low;", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00125-00031324-00031673": "or if they've been completed with an object that nobody else has thought of or few people have,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00126-00031673-00031773": "or if they've been completed with an object that nobody else has thought of or few people have,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00127-00031774-00031940": "thus scoring high.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00128-00031940-00032172": "Of course, to do it right, we'll need to know", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00129-00032173-00032500": "which are the typical drawings, the unoriginal drawings,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00130-00032501-00032603": "for each shape.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00131-00032603-00032943": "I ask you give it a limited time and do a global estimation.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00132-00032943-00033198": "Anyways, you have the list", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00133-00033199-00033339": "here in this slide", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00134-00033340-00033443": "and in the course's materials,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00135-00033444-00033851": "of the drawings that are more common.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00136-00033852-00033959": "For example,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00137-00033959-00034139": "the penultimate shape", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00138-00034140-00034319": "is usually completed like...", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00139-00034319-00034650": "you see it and it looks like a road, and indeed it usually is completed as", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00140-00034650-00035035": "a road or train tracks.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00141-00035036-00035376": "The words here in red are the ones", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00142-00035377-00035771": "that are more common.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00143-00035772-00035874": "The orange ones", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00144-00035874-00036232": "are less frequent and the green ones", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00145-00036232-00036649": "are even less frequent. The less original ones are the ones that", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00146-00036650-00036808": "are more common.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00147-00036808-00037206": "So, to score creativity, we could", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00148-00037206-00037661": "give a 0 if the shapes are common.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00149-00037661-00037963": "You see them and say \"That's a mushroom...\"", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00150-00037963-00038254": "The second: \"everybody draws this...\". Etcetera.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00151-00038255-00038782": "And we'll give the highest score, if we look at the shapes", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00152-00038783-00039016": "and aren't typical, they're strange, curious...", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00153-00039016-00039134": "They aren't in that list", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00154-00039134-00039412": "we've seen.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00155-00039412-00039579": "Let's go on to the next indicator.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00156-00039580-00039735": "The elaboration indicator.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00157-00039736-00040053": "The elaboration indicator is easy to explain too. It has to do with", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00158-00040053-00040491": "the level of detail, with decoration, with colors, with ornamentation.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00159-00040491-00040816": "Here you have two examples of the two extremes.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00160-00040816-00041298": "In the first case in the left, we have a test that's been completed", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00161-00041299-00041415": "with shapes", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00162-00041415-00041548": "with low detail,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00163-00041549-00041718": "in a fast and brief way,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00164-00041719-00041933": "with no decoration or colors.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00165-00041933-00042340": "At the right, a test that's more elaborated,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00166-00042340-00042541": "that you'd score higher on elaboration", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00167-00042541-00042681": "because details can be seen.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00168-00042682-00043068": "Look that in the first shape of the test in the right", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00169-00043069-00043152": "A tree,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00170-00043152-00043488": "that scores low in originality.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00171-00043488-00043911": "But scores high in details because this person has drawn a tree,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00172-00043911-00044481": "but with roots, grass, fruits, even some stones.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00173-00044481-00044938": "Therefore, to score this indicator we give a 0 if all the shapes,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00174-00044938-00045152": "are very schematic, very brief,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00175-00045152-00045316": "without detail...", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00176-00045316-00045596": "Or a 10 in the opposite case. A tremendous elaboration,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00177-00045596-00046258": "lots of decoration, colors... And if a lot of time has been spent in doing it.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00178-00046258-00046488": "The fourth indicator", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00179-00046488-00046830": "is related to fantasy.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00180-00046830-00046992": "It's easy to explain too.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00181-00046992-00047195": "If we look at this test", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00182-00047196-00047584": "and recognize objects of the ordinary world, we say \"Ah, this is a foot,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00183-00047584-00047740": "this is a head,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00184-00047740-00047969": "this is a mouse...\", well those are", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00185-00047969-00048069": "unfanciful shapes.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00186-00048069-00048199": "unfanciful shapes.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00187-00048200-00048466": "It's clear that fantasy is related to creativity.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00188-00048466-00048574": "However,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00189-00048575-00048945": "if we look at the test and say: \"What's this!? We don't recognize it, it's a strange creature,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00190-00048946-00049278": "something that we don't know what it is.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00191-00049278-00049423": "Like this:", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00192-00049424-00049788": "What is it? A jester's hat, a rococo tent...", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00193-00049788-00049879": "We don't know.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00194-00049880-00050162": "It'll then score high in this indicator", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00195-00050162-00050376": "of fantasy.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00196-00050377-00050753": "Therefore, for this indicator, we'd give a 0 if", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00197-00050753-00051015": "we recognize all twelve shapes.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00198-00051015-00051225": "And we'd give the highest score", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00199-00051226-00051562": "if we're can't say what it is. If we say \"this is something fanciful,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00200-00051563-00051621": "I can't think,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00201-00051622-00051831": "it doesn't have anything to do with the ordinary world...\"", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00202-00051832-00052052": "Ane xample would be to draw a mouse.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00203-00052053-00052145": "A 0 then,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00204-00052146-00052277": "as it's ordinary.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00205-00052277-00052610": "A mouse with an elephant trunk will score higher", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00206-00052611-00052688": "because it's something fanciful.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00207-00052689-00052996": "And a creature entirely strange and unknown,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00208-00052997-00053390": "will get the highest value.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00209-00053391-00053690": "Let's go with the fifth indicator, that it's connectivity.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00210-00053691-00054025": "Creative people have the characteristic of connecting things that", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00211-00054026-00054200": "don't appear to be connected,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00212-00054201-00054417": "and that's how you get creative results,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00213-00054417-00054626": "new discoveries.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00214-00054627-00054956": "Well, connectivity is also present in this test.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00215-00054956-00055334": "No one's told us that we can't connect the twelve shapes", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00216-00055335-00055557": "between them.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00217-00055558-00055698": "This is an example.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00218-00055699-00056127": "Here, hid, are the twelve initial shapes, but this person", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00219-00056127-00056257": "wrapped it all up", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00220-00056258-00056604": "in a single motif that interconnects the twelve shapes.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00221-00056604-00056795": "Well, to assess this,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00222-00056796-00056973": "we'll have to count", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00223-00056974-00057060": "we'll have to count", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00224-00057061-00057452": "or see in some somehow the connection between shapes. If there's not one,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00225-00057452-00057658": "and all of them are independent...", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00226-00057659-00057745": "A 0.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00227-00057745-00058127": "If all of them are interconnected... Then we'd give the highest score.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00228-00058128-00058537": "This connection desn't have to be explicit. It's not necessary to draw it.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00229-00058537-00058784": "It's enough if it's conceptual.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00230-00058785-00059045": "For example, if someone", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00231-00059046-00059411": "draws several musical instruments, independently, without them touching,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00232-00059412-00059553": "but forming an Orchestra;", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00233-00059554-00059697": "that'll also be", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00234-00059698-00059790": "connectivity.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00235-00059791-00059977": "It'll score higher.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00236-00059978-00060135": "Or drawing a mouse", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00237-00060136-00060380": "and next to it, without a connection, a mousetrap.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00238-00060380-00060595": "They're connected, conceptually.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00239-00060596-00060777": "So that'll score higher as well", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00240-00060777-00061142": "in the connectivity indicator.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00241-00061142-00061267": "Let's start with the", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00242-00061267-00061585": "sixth indicator, that it's the imaginative reach, this one needs more of an explanation.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00243-00061586-00061742": "sixth indicator, that it's the imaginative reach, this one needs more of an explanation.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00244-00061742-00062120": "It somewhat measures the transformative creativity, our ability to", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00245-00062121-00062325": "change perspectives, to move,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00246-00062326-00062627": "to transport ourselves when we're doing something.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00247-00062628-00062756": "Well, so", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00248-00062757-00063180": "the usual, in this test, is for the initial shapes,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00249-00063180-00063419": "to be the prime element", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00250-00063420-00063618": "of what we draw.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00251-00063619-00063705": "For example,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00252-00063705-00063973": "we have a couple of lines and we turn that into a tree,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00253-00063974-00064298": "but those lines are the tree's trunk, a primary element.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00254-00064299-00064579": "Or we have a circle and we turn it into a watch,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00255-00064579-00064701": "but the circle is the sphere of the watch.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00256-00064702-00064857": "but the circle is the sphere of the watch.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00257-00064858-00065223": "Well, the imaginative reach measures our ability", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00258-00065224-00065355": "to transform,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00259-00065355-00065852": "and make those initial shapes secondary elements in what we", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00260-00065852-00066147": "draw. And these are two very good examples.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00261-00066148-00066495": "In the case of the clock, the initial shape is now secondary,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00262-00066496-00066790": "it's part of the clock's upper case. It's not central.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00263-00066791-00067202": "And in case of the hand, the initial shape is one of the fingernails.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00264-00067203-00067529": "A pretty secondary element, because there are another four fingers", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00265-00067530-00067623": "in the hand.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00266-00067624-00067751": "Well, that's how we measure", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00267-00067751-00067935": "the imaginative reach.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00268-00067936-00068367": "If the initial shapes are a primary or central element in all drawings, then a 0.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00269-00068368-00068693": "If the initial shapes are transformed, wholly, in entirely secondary elements,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00270-00068694-00069271": "--of all shapes-- then the highest score of 10.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00271-00069272-00069445": "And now on to the last indicator,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00272-00069445-00069741": "this one's simple to measure. It's the figurative expansion.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00273-00069742-00070123": "It has to do with self-imposed boundaries.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00274-00070124-00070436": "Who said that the shapes we draw must be small?", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00275-00070437-00070825": "They can be big, very big. What's the actual limit?", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00276-00070826-00071073": "The size of the sheet paper.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00277-00071074-00071295": "But there's no margines in the sheet of paper.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00278-00071295-00071518": "We can spread out as much as we like.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00279-00071519-00071817": "This is a creativity indicator. A characteristic of creative people", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00280-00071818-00071891": "This is a creativity indicator. A characteristic of creative people", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00281-00071892-00072095": "is that they recognize the limits", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00282-00072095-00072404": "and don't self-impose artificial boundaries that don't exist.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00283-00072405-00072674": "In this test, in this sheet of paper, there weren't limits,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00284-00072674-00072901": "so we can measure this", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00285-00072902-00073296": "assessing, in some way, the size of the drawins. A drawing that spreads", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00286-00073297-00073564": "a lot, out of the sheet of paper, will score high", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00287-00073564-00073841": "in this indicator. However, if the drawings are", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00288-00073842-00074261": "small, reduced to the spot they're drawn in,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00289-00074262-00074401": "their initial place,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00290-00074402-00074627": "that'll score low.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00291-00074628-00075075": "Specifically, we could give a 0 if the shapes are very small,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00292-00075076-00075256": "and don't go beyond the starting place.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00293-00075257-00075409": "And we could give a 10,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00294-00075410-00075692": "if the drawing, the shapes,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00295-00075693-00075803": "go until", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00296-00075804-00076106": "the paper sheet's very own limit.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00297-00076107-00076432": "Well, we've now seen the seven indicators that we're going to work with.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00298-00076433-00076778": "I wanted to show you know a couple of examples from students", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00299-00076779-00077002": "of this University --of the last course-- that have done this test.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00300-00077003-00077349": "We can see in the left a test that'd score low, right?", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00301-00077350-00077561": "Why? Because they're small shapes,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00302-00077562-00077725": "there's no resistance to premature closing,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00303-00077726-00077947": "there's no decoration, no elaboration,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00304-00077948-00078170": "no imaginative reach...", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00305-00078171-00078394": "It's a low score on creativity.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00306-00078395-00078691": "The test in the right is from another student", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00307-00078692-00079097": "and we can see how he has connected the shapes, he's used colors,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00308-00079098-00079442": "there's imaginative reach... the initial shapes are now secondary elements", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00309-00079442-00079729": "of what's been drawn. Two examples that are a little bit extreme,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00310-00079730-00080115": "of how these shapes can be completed.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00311-00080116-00080468": "Well, these seven indicators aren't the only ones. The author of the test proposes", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00312-00080469-00080774": "some more, like for example the expressive richness,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00313-00080775-00081044": "that has to do with dinamism.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00314-00081044-00081403": "If they're live beings that look alive, or static figures,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00315-00081404-00081658": "or the graphic ability --the precision we draw with--.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00316-00081659-00081826": "But we're going to use", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00317-00081826-00082002": "for simpleness and ease,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00318-00082003-00082404": "and so we don't spend too much time, with the first seven. So to each one of these seven,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00319-00082405-00082702": "you're going to score it from 0 to 10,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00320-00082702-00083015": "and we'll get a global score of about 0 to 70 points.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00321-00083016-00083169": "That global score", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00322-00083170-00083542": "and any comment you want  --always constructive-- is what", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00323-00083543-00084120": "you need to enclose  as the assessment for the test given to you.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00324-00084121-00084592": "It's important to note  --I want to be clear on this--  that the score", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00325-00084593-00085011": "on this test won't have anything to do with the Course's final score. As if!", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00326-00085012-00085315": "The score doesn't have anything to do with the evaluation.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00327-00085316-00085714": "Your mission, your job, consists in assesing the test", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00328-00085715-00086097": "of some of your classmates,  and yours as well if you want.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00329-00086098-00086798": "that's what this is about, and the scores won't have anything to do with the final score you'll get.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00330-00087000-00087397": "What's interesting for us about this test, apart from personally and as a curiosity,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00331-00087398-00087770": "apart from saying \"Oh, how creative I am\" or the opposite  \"Oh God, I didn't think It'd be like that...\"", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00332-00087771-00088018": "apart from saying \"Oh, how creative I am\" or the opposite  \"Oh God, I didn't think It'd be like that...\"", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00333-00088019-00088489": "Rather, what's important for us is that we'll be able to infer", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00334-00088490-00088876": "where creativity techniques come from.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00335-00088877-00089240": "Things like, for example,  that the resistance to premature closing", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00336-00089241-00089541": "is like choosing the only solution, the easy solution. Well, many creativity techniques", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00337-00089542-00089701": "is like choosing the only solution, the easy solution. Well, many creativity techniques", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00338-00089702-00090111": "delay or prevent us from going to the only solution. And they tell us: \"No, no, wait a bit, keep thinking solutions.\"", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00339-00090112-00090324": "delay or prevent us from going to the only solution. And they tell us: \"No, no, wait a bit, keep thinking solutions.\"", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00340-00090325-00090603": "A lot of creativity techniques work like that.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00341-00090604-00091106": "Others put us on situations in which is easier to get", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00342-00091107-00091268": "fantastic results,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00343-00091269-00091445": "that can also be useless.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00344-00091446-00091770": "Relating some things to  others is fundamental.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00345-00091771-00092159": "Many creativity techniques force us to relate, they tell us:", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00346-00092160-00092572": "\"This is what you're working on, relate it to this other thing that doesn't have anything to do.\"", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00347-00092573-00092658": "Which is hard,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00348-00092659-00093054": "but we can get creative results from this forced connections.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00349-00093055-00093117": "And well,", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00350-00093118-00093471": "we could keep working like that  with the rest of indicators...", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00351-00093472-00093783": "Another important thing: not to self-impose boundaries.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00352-00093784-00094198": "I mean, a creativity technique can be focused on recognizing the", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00353-00094199-00094421": "real limits of a problem", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00354-00094422-00094761": "and realize that they're those and not others, not the ones we self-impose, that are artificial.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00355-00094762-00095122": "and realize that they're those and not others, not the ones we self-impose, that are artificial.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00356-00095123-00095293": "Let's get back to the beginning.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00357-00095294-00095701": "Let's get back to the task at hand that is the second phase of Saturnino de la Torre's test:", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00358-00095702-00095907": "evaluating your classmates' tests.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00359-00095908-00096148": "evaluating your classmates' tests.", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00360-00096149-00096482": "This were the instructions on how to do it. You already know that if you have any question", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00361-00096483-00096979": "you can ask us on the forums,  and your classmates too", "9nKSbL6nCCE-00362-00096980-00097063": "can help."}}, {"audio_id": "9nWKCtWzwt4", "text": {"9nWKCtWzwt4-00000-00000625-00000725": "Hello everybody!", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00001-00000725-00001154": "In today’s video I’ll tell you what to do if an external hard disk or USB drive connected", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00002-00001154-00001586": "to your computer doesn’t show up in the Windows Explorer, but other devices such as", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00003-00001586-00001886": "printers, scanners or mice are detected properly.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00004-00001886-00003512": "I’ll show you how to enable and configure USB ports if they are disabled", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00005-00003512-00005966": "or not working.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00006-00005966-00006409": "In the first case, a computer with a properly installed operating system works fine, but", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00007-00006409-00006978": "if you plug in any external storage device, a pen drive, hard disk or a memory card, they", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00008-00006978-00007236": "are not shown in the Windows Explorer.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00009-00007236-00007677": "At the same time, this computer can recognize the printer, mouse and keyboard which are", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00010-00007677-00008022": "also plugged into its USB ports.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00011-00008022-00008458": "The first step should be checking the USB ports for operability, but as long as the", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00012-00008458-00008892": "computer can work properly with other USB devices, it doesn’t make sense.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00013-00008892-00009507": "There must be a kind of software problem: a service which is disabled or a certain setting", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00014-00009507-00009690": "which has been modified.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00015-00009690-00010186": "The other scenario is when any USB device you plug into the USB port doesn’t work", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00016-00010186-00010286": "at all.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00017-00010286-00010717": "Most likely, there’s a problem with the USB port: it can be disabled or there may", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00018-00010717-00010871": "be a driver issue etc.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00019-00010871-00011552": "In a few minutes, we will explore how to fix the problem in each of the cases.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00020-00011552-00011910": "Let’s explore the case with USB ports which are not working.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00021-00011910-00012320": "The first step is to check the USB port for possible physical damage.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00022-00012320-00012682": "Just plug a device into the port and check if its fits tight.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00023-00012682-00012957": "If the port is damaged, try another one.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00024-00012957-00013369": "Before doing anything more serious, restart the computer.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00025-00013369-00013725": "If nothing changes, you can move on with more complicated methods.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00026-00013725-00013972": "Open the Device Manager.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00027-00013972-00014300": "Right-click on the Start menu, and choose Device Manager.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00028-00014300-00014713": "In the Manager, look for Universal Serial Bus controllers.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00029-00014713-00014980": "Find the line USB Host Controller.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00030-00014980-00015351": "If it’s absent, this could be the root of the problem.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00031-00015351-00015629": "Click here to Scan for hardware changes.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00032-00015629-00016161": "The computer will check all the equipment connected to it and update its configuration.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00033-00016161-00016512": "Now Host Controller may appear on the list.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00034-00016512-00016884": "If it doesn’t happen, try the following: remove all controllers.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00035-00016884-00017394": "Remember: when you work on a computer using a mouse and a keyboard connected via «USB", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00036-00017394-00017790": "ports», they will stop working as soon as you remove the controllers.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00037-00017790-00018183": "But there’s nothing to worry about: they will work fine again as soon as you restart", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00038-00018183-00018407": "the computer.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00039-00018407-00018762": "Right-click on the controller - Uninstall device.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00040-00018762-00018965": "After that, restart the computer.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00041-00018965-00019459": "If the mouse and the keyboard stop working at this stage, you can restart the PC by pressing", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00042-00019459-00019753": "the corresponding button on the system unit.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00043-00019753-00020301": "«USB selective suspend setting» is a power-saving option in the Windows operating system which", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00044-00020301-00020870": "suspends supply of power to a «USB device» in order to extend the period of a computer’s", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00045-00020870-00021059": "work on battery.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00046-00021059-00021751": "To turn it off, go to Settings / System / Power and sleep / Related settings / Additional", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00047-00021751-00021982": "power settings.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00048-00021982-00022487": "In the «Power Options» window that opens, hit the link «Change plan settings».", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00049-00022487-00022885": "In the new window, click on «Change advanced power settings».", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00050-00022885-00023329": "Look for the setting Disable USB selective suspend.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00051-00023329-00023604": "Set Disabled for these two values.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00052-00023604-00024292": "Apply / OK Now the operating system will now disable", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00053-00024292-00024661": "its «USB ports» temporarily to save power.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00054-00024661-00025073": "Also, you can disable this setting with the Windows registry.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00055-00025073-00025626": "Press the key shortcut Win+R and type “regedit” in the Run window.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00056-00025626-00026483": "Follow this path: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\USB\\", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00057-00026483-00026833": "If there is no USB folder there, create it.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00058-00026833-00027925": "Right-click on the Services folder – New – Key – USB.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00059-00027925-00028689": "In the USB key, create a Dword32 value with the following name: DisableSelectiveSuspend", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00060-00028689-00029062": "and assign the value data 1.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00061-00029062-00029345": "Click OK.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00062-00029345-00029768": "Now the «USB selective suspend setting» is disabled for your computer.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00063-00029768-00030052": "For the changes to take effect, the computer needs to be restarted.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00064-00030052-00030557": "If the port still doesn’t work, it must be a hardware problem.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00065-00030557-00031033": "«USB ports» are quite easy to break, and «USB flash drives» may act as a lever of", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00066-00031033-00031406": "pressure to destroy electrical contacts inside the ports.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00067-00031406-00031868": "Quite often, it happens to laptops when users put them into their bags but forget to remove", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00068-00031868-00032302": "a «USB drive» sticking out from the side of their portable computer.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00069-00032302-00032741": "Still, this is a simple mechanical defect that can be eliminated.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00070-00032741-00033183": "Most likely, you will contact a PC repair specialist.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00071-00033183-00033677": "If the USB ports are in good condition, but a USB drive is not showing up in the Windows", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00072-00033677-00034183": "Explorer when you plug the drive into the port, the problem might be caused by certain", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00073-00034183-00034555": "system services or wrong system settings.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00074-00034555-00034894": "To find out, open Disk Management.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00075-00034894-00035380": "Right-click on the Start menu and select Disk Management.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00076-00035380-00035679": "Now check if the drive is showing up here.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00077-00035679-00036186": "If the USB port and the drive are fine, this drive will be listed as available in the Disk", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00078-00036186-00036716": "management window; just right-click on it and assign the drive letter manually.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00079-00036716-00037738": "After that, the drive will appear in This PC folder.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00080-00037738-00038147": "The problem with the drive letter not assigned automatically often happens when the Virtual", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00081-00038147-00038393": "Disk service is not running.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00082-00038393-00038762": "To exclude this possibility, check the service.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00083-00038762-00040038": "Type “Services” in the search field and find this service on the list.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00084-00040038-00040294": "Right-click on it and select “Properties.”", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00085-00040294-00040655": "Set the startup type to “Automatic” and start the service.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00086-00040655-00041369": "After that, restart the computer and check if the drives work properly.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00087-00041369-00041846": "If this method doesn't help, you may have the automount function disabled, somehow.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00088-00041846-00042091": "By default, this function is enabled.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00089-00042091-00042644": "In some cases, though, it can be turned off (for example, antivirus tools and utilities", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00090-00042644-00042914": "working with disk images may do it).", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00091-00042914-00043491": "You can learn the status of this service with the help of the Command Prompt.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00092-00043491-00044500": "Run it as Administrator and type the command diskpart, then press Enter.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00093-00044500-00044828": "Then type another command - automount.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00094-00044828-00045390": "Perform it, and as a result, you’ll see if this function is enabled.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00095-00045390-00046244": "If it is off, type the command automount enable and press Enter.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00096-00046244-00046877": "The corresponding notification will appear to inform you that automount is now active.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00097-00046877-00047533": "Restart the computer and try to plug an external storage device or a pen drive to the USB port.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00098-00047533-00048137": "If everything is well, it must show up in the Windows Explorer.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00099-00048137-00048237": "That is all for now!", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00100-00048237-00048428": "Hopefully, this video was useful.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00101-00048428-00048748": "Remember to click the Like button and subscribe to our channel.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00102-00048748-00049063": "Hit the bell button to receive notifications and never miss new videos.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00103-00049063-00049258": "Leave comments to ask questions.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00104-00049258-00049363": "Thank you for watching.", "9nWKCtWzwt4-00105-00049363-00049434": "Good luck."}}, {"audio_id": "aoiJq0LNE9U", "text": {"aoiJq0LNE9U-00000-00000024-00000367": "so when we dug into the microsoft", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00001-00000176-00000552": "documentation we saw talking about", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00002-00000367-00000656": "calling convention that it used with the", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00003-00000552-00000832": "shadow space", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00004-00000656-00000992": "so let's learn more about calling", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00005-00000832-00001159": "conventions in general", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00006-00000992-00001351": "first of all there's sort of two sub", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00007-00001159-00001432": "elements of importance in a calling", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00008-00001351-00001655": "convention", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00009-00001432-00001896": "the first are the register conventions", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00010-00001655-00002152": "about which registers belong to the", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00011-00001896-00002376": "caller versus callee function", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00012-00002152-00002600": "and the second is the parameter passing", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00013-00002376-00002848": "conventions of how a caller", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00014-00002600-00002927": "passes parameters to a callee", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00015-00002848-00003232": "and how the callee", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00016-00002927-00003368": "passes a return value back", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00017-00003232-00003528": "it's important to know that calling", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00018-00003368-00003623": "conventions are always compiler", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00019-00003528-00003992": "dependent", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00020-00003623-00004200": "so unless specifically some GCC compiler", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00021-00003992-00004296": "is trying to abide by a calling", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00022-00004200-00004512": "convention", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00023-00004296-00004648": "to work with microsoft code they will", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00024-00004512-00004896": "frequently generate", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00025-00004648-00005039": "mutually incompatible code this was much", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00026-00004896-00005255": "more of a problem when there", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00027-00005039-00005344": "were many many more compiler makers", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00028-00005255-00005503": "running around", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00029-00005344-00005696": "but over time the number of compiler", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00030-00005503-00005832": "makers has decreased", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00031-00005696-00006112": "in this class we're only going to be", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00032-00005832-00006384": "talking about the microsoft x64 ABI", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00033-00006112-00006495": "which is used by the compiler behind", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00034-00006384-00006800": "visual studio", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00035-00006495-00007143": "and the System V x86-x64 ABI", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00036-00006800-00007423": "which is used by", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00037-00007143-00007568": "Unix-derived systems like linux BSDs and", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00038-00007423-00007775": "also macOS", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00039-00007568-00007952": "the links to the ABI documentation are", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00040-00007775-00008111": "given at the bottom of this page", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00041-00007952-00008343": "and there's a lot of interesting bits", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00042-00008111-00008552": "and caveats and things that I'm just", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00043-00008343-00008664": "glossing over in this class so I", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00044-00008552-00008928": "recommend you check out that", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00045-00008664-00009120": "documentation later", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00046-00008928-00009240": "okay so the first sub element of a", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00047-00009120-00009343": "calling convention the register", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00048-00009240-00009647": "conventions", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00049-00009343-00009856": "we have the caller-saved registers", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00050-00009647-00009968": "these are also called volatile registers", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00051-00009856-00010160": "by microsoft", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00052-00009968-00010311": "because basically a caller, a function", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00053-00010160-00010528": "which is calling some other function,", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00054-00010311-00010688": "a caller should assume that they will be", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00055-00010528-00011000": "changed by the callee", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00056-00010688-00011232": "and therefore the caller is responsible", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00057-00011000-00011352": "for saving those registers before", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00058-00011232-00011543": "calling something", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00059-00011352-00011664": "so that it can restore them later on if", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00060-00011543-00011775": "it doesn't want to", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00061-00011664-00011968": "deal with the fact that they've been", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00062-00011775-00012200": "smashed by the callee", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00063-00011968-00012336": "so the conventions for visual studio is", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00064-00012200-00012615": "that these registers", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00065-00012336-00012768": "are the caller-save registers rax rcx", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00066-00012615-00013087": "rdx etc", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00067-00012768-00013328": "and for GCC these are the registers so", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00068-00013087-00013456": "these register lists only differ in", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00069-00013328-00013840": "terms of rdi", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00070-00013456-00013904": "and rsi so GCC and other System V", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00071-00013840-00014240": "derived", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00072-00013904-00014616": "ABI using compilers will save", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00073-00014240-00014863": "the rdi and rsi in the caller", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00074-00014616-00015056": "and so since visual studio doesn't", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00075-00014863-00015184": "that kind of implies that instead those two", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00076-00015056-00015456": "registers are callee-", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00077-00015184-00015663": "save registers so the callee-save", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00078-00015456-00015759": "register also called non-volatile", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00079-00015663-00015912": "registers", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00080-00015759-00016095": "are something where the caller should", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00081-00015912-00016263": "assume they will not be changed by the", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00082-00016095-00016408": "callee and if the callee is changing", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00083-00016263-00016680": "them they're misbehaving and", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00084-00016408-00016856": "could lead to broken code so these are", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00085-00016680-00017151": "registers that belong to the caller", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00086-00016856-00017344": "and therefore the callee needs to save", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00087-00017151-00017440": "them and restore them so that it doesn't", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00088-00017344-00017648": "break anything", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00089-00017440-00017776": "in the caller so again the register list", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00090-00017648-00018095": "is given below", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00091-00017776-00018320": "and it differs only in terms of rdi", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00092-00018095-00018408": "and rsi and when it comes to saving", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00093-00018320-00018600": "registers", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00094-00018408-00018712": "both the caller and the callee are", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00095-00018600-00018944": "responsible for", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00096-00018712-00019120": "balancing any register saves they", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00097-00018944-00019200": "perform where they're adding things to", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00098-00019120-00019448": "the stack", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00099-00019200-00019544": "with restores where they remove things", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00100-00019448-00019720": "from the stack", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00101-00019544-00019920": "this of course earns a thumbs up from Thanos", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00102-00019720-00020128": "the caller", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00103-00019920-00020280": "will typically like most assembly code", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00104-00020128-00020376": "you're going to see generated by these", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00105-00020280-00020615": "compilers", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00106-00020376-00020831": "it will typically save the registers", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00107-00020615-00021056": "save the caller-save registers", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00108-00020831-00021248": "right before a call and then it will", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00109-00021056-00021312": "typically restore them right after a", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00110-00021248-00021592": "call", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00111-00021312-00021784": "so sort of a way to infer what's going", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00112-00021592-00021928": "on if you see a bunch of register saves", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00113-00021784-00022023": "right before a call and you see a", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00114-00021928-00022279": "balanced", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00115-00022023-00022392": "register restore right after the call", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00116-00022279-00022672": "that is the caller", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00117-00022392-00022840": "saving some caller-save registers and of", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00118-00022672-00022879": "course you can double check against the", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00119-00022840-00023048": "list", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00120-00022879-00023223": "to make sure that they are caller-save", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00121-00023048-00023343": "registers on the list that I gave", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00122-00023223-00023704": "previously", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00123-00023343-00023848": "similarly typically a callee will save", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00124-00023704-00023904": "registers right at the beginning of the", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00125-00023848-00024079": "function", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00126-00023904-00024231": "and it's going to restore them right at", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00127-00024079-00024423": "the end of the function", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00128-00024231-00024623": "so that again will be your hint that", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00129-00024423-00024751": "it's callee-save registers that are", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00130-00024623-00024904": "being saved and restored", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00131-00024751-00025208": "if you see it at the beginning and", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00132-00024904-00025487": "balanced at the end of the function", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00133-00025208-00025647": "so here's a visual representation of the", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00134-00025487-00025847": "different conventions in use", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00135-00025647-00026079": "we said that all of the registers are", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00136-00025847-00026344": "the same except rdi and rsi", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00137-00026079-00026504": "so a visual studio has these registers", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00138-00026344-00026824": "as caller-save", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00139-00026504-00026919": "and these registers as callee-save well", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00140-00026824-00027224": "it's the same", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00141-00026919-00027519": "for the System V derived things rax", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00142-00027224-00027632": "is caller-saved rcx is caller-saved rdx is", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00143-00027519-00027991": "caller-saved", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00144-00027632-00028160": "but they differ in terms of rsi and rdi", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00145-00027991-00028319": "now let's talk about the second sub", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00146-00028160-00028663": "element of a calling convention", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00147-00028319-00028960": "the parameter passing conventions so", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00148-00028663-00029152": "both the System V ABI and the visual", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00149-00028960-00029495": "studio or microsoft", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00150-00029152-00029608": "x64 ABI these compilers use a subset of", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00151-00029495-00029904": "the caller-", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00152-00029608-00030039": "save registers to pass parameters into", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00153-00029904-00030360": "and out of functions", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00154-00030039-00030527": "the first one rax both compilers use rax", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00155-00030360-00030760": "as a caller-save register", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00156-00030527-00030919": "rax is special in that it's always going", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00157-00030760-00031232": "to be passing back", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00158-00030919-00031447": "passing out the return value so if it's", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00159-00031232-00031624": "a 64-bit value or smaller which is", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00160-00031447-00031863": "typically what you're going to see", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00161-00031624-00031991": "then rax is actually acting by", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00162-00031863-00032239": "convention", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00163-00031991-00032383": "as the return value and so that's very", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00164-00032239-00032495": "common that you'll see things being", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00165-00032383-00032752": "moved into", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00166-00032495-00032808": "eax rax and so forth right before the", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00167-00032752-00033040": "return", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00168-00032808-00033168": "out of a function that's holding a", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00169-00033040-00033368": "return value", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00170-00033168-00033480": "it's a return value in the C sense of", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00171-00033368-00033552": "the word and that when you have a", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00172-00033480-00033847": "function", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00173-00033552-00034008": "it returns one return value it can also", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00174-00033847-00034208": "be the case like if you see this", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00175-00034008-00034560": "sometime and you're wondering what's up", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00176-00034208-00034680": "it can be the case that 128 bit value", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00177-00034560-00034975": "can be returned", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00178-00034680-00035047": "by using the concatenation of rdx for", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00179-00034975-00035440": "the top", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00180-00035047-00035624": "64 bits and rax for the bottom 64 bits", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00181-00035440-00035768": "so that's the common elements of both of", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00182-00035624-00035936": "the compilers now let's see the", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00183-00035768-00036231": "differences", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00184-00035936-00036360": "so in the microsoft x64 ABI the first", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00185-00036231-00036656": "four parameters", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00186-00036360-00037024": "four parameters from left to right are", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00187-00036656-00037216": "put into rcx rdx r8 r9 respectively", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00188-00037024-00037336": "now we already actually saw this in too", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00189-00037216-00037536": "many parameters", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00190-00037336-00037656": "you would see the value of \"a\" going into", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00191-00037536-00038008": "rcx, \"b\"", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00192-00037656-00038296": "going to rdx, \"c\" going to r8, \"d\" going", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00193-00038008-00038375": "to r9 and then any parameters past", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00194-00038296-00038696": "that", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00195-00038375-00038888": "\"e\" or if we add an \"f\", \"g\", \"h\", etc", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00196-00038696-00039096": "those parameters are pushed onto the", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00197-00038888-00039247": "stack so the remaining parameters are", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00198-00039096-00039431": "pushed onto the stack", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00199-00039247-00039703": "so that the leftmost parameter is at the", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00200-00039431-00039847": "lowest address essentially it's you know", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00201-00039703-00040056": "it would basically be pushed in the", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00202-00039847-00040168": "reverse order push push push", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00203-00040056-00040375": "and then this thing would be at the", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00204-00040168-00040528": "lowest address or just you know moving", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00205-00040375-00040608": "it on to the stack using mov", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00206-00040528-00040840": "instructions", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00207-00040608-00040944": "which is more typical by contrast the", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00208-00040840-00041296": "System V", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00209-00040944-00041584": "x86-64 ABI has", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00210-00041296-00041768": "six parameters from the caller-saved", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00211-00041584-00041872": "registers which can be used for passing", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00212-00041768-00042231": "parameters", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00213-00041872-00042559": "and the ordering is rdi rsi rdx", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00214-00042231-00042744": "rcx r8 r9 so in this quote unquote too", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00215-00042559-00042912": "many parameters we actually don't have", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00216-00042744-00043263": "too many parameters for the", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00217-00042912-00043496": "x86-64 ABI", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00218-00043263-00043575": "used on system V systems it would", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00219-00043496-00043968": "basically be", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00220-00043575-00044144": "rdi rsi rdx rcx r8", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00221-00043968-00044440": "and there would be yet another parameter", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00222-00044144-00044584": "just freely available to pass more stuff", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00223-00044440-00044816": "if necessary but", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00224-00044584-00044903": "if you added two more arguments to this", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00225-00044816-00045240": "function", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00226-00044903-00045431": "then this next one would be passed in r9", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00227-00045240-00045544": "and the next one after that would be", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00228-00045431-00045712": "pushed onto the stack", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00229-00045544-00045919": "notionally pushed onto the stack", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00230-00045712-00046128": "practically speaking frequently", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00231-00045919-00046359": "moved on to the stack and so if we", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00232-00046128-00046528": "expand out that table from before again", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00233-00046359-00046816": "you know everything's the same except", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00234-00046528-00046887": "rsi and rdi we just expanded some of", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00235-00046816-00047128": "this rh", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00236-00046887-00047200": "through r11 to make it so that it's more", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00237-00047128-00047487": "visible", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00238-00047200-00047791": "that visual studio passes argument 1 in", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00239-00047487-00047880": "rcx argument 2 and rdx argument 3 and r8", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00240-00047791-00048240": "argument 4", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00241-00047880-00048496": "in r9 and then System V you know", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00242-00048240-00048672": "it just got to be difficult here passing", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00243-00048496-00048800": "it sort of backwards from this", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00244-00048672-00049184": "visualization", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00245-00048800-00049328": "parameter 1 in rdi, 2 in rsi, 3 in rdx", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00246-00049184-00049616": "4 in rcx", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00247-00049328-00049952": "and then jump over here to r8 gets", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00248-00049616-00050159": "parameter 5, r9 gets parameter 6", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00249-00049952-00050336": "so I have no idea how they came up with", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00250-00050159-00050496": "this particular ordering maybe it was", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00251-00050336-00050584": "just to be different from intel", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00252-00050496-00050856": "different from", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00253-00050584-00051056": "microsoft. I don't know doesn't make any", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00254-00050856-00051271": "more sense if we look at it in this", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00255-00051056-00051439": "sort of registers view of the world the", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00256-00051271-00051759": "visual studio is one two", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00257-00051439-00052055": "three four sure great makes sense and", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00258-00051759-00052215": "the System V is one two hop up here", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00259-00052055-00052536": "backwards three four", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00260-00052215-00052736": "up over here downwards five six", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00261-00052536-00052936": "so I don't know how they came up with", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00262-00052736-00053032": "that if anyone knows and would like to", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00263-00052936-00053312": "enlighten me", "aoiJq0LNE9U-00264-00053032-00053312": "let me know"}}, {"audio_id": "aoBfqyaXzdE", "text": {"aoBfqyaXzdE-00000-00000320-00001113": "Chop an onion", "aoBfqyaXzdE-00001-00001583-00002443": "Don't forget to subscribe ;)", "aoBfqyaXzdE-00002-00002866-00003529": "Olive oil", "aoBfqyaXzdE-00003-00003610-00004256": "Add the onion", "aoBfqyaXzdE-00004-00005123-00005886": "4 cloves of garlic", "aoBfqyaXzdE-00005-00006783-00007426": "Paprika", "aoBfqyaXzdE-00006-00008073-00009173": "Add 14 oz / 400 g of tomato sauce", "aoBfqyaXzdE-00007-00009660-00010720": "Salt and pepper", "aoBfqyaXzdE-00008-00010956-00012010": "Pour 2 cups / 500 ml of water", "aoBfqyaXzdE-00009-00012626-00013553": "Bring to a boil", "aoBfqyaXzdE-00010-00013676-00014703": "0.7 lb / 300 g Rigatoni", "aoBfqyaXzdE-00011-00015183-00016333": "Cover and cook for 30 minutes", "aoBfqyaXzdE-00012-00016593-00017526": "Parsley", "aoBfqyaXzdE-00013-00019316-00020583": "Drain two 5 oz / 140 g cans of tuna", "aoBfqyaXzdE-00014-00022860-00024090": "Add the tuna and the parsley", "aoBfqyaXzdE-00015-00024483-00024816": "Oregano", "aoBfqyaXzdE-00016-00024936-00026156": "Four tablespoons of Greek yogurt", "aoBfqyaXzdE-00017-00026580-00027596": "Mix it all together", "aoBfqyaXzdE-00018-00029136-00029593": "Parsley", "aoBfqyaXzdE-00019-00030070-00031510": "I hope you'll like it"}}, {"audio_id": "aoDQS7RDMwc", "text": {"aoDQS7RDMwc-00000-00000112-00000856": "hi this is a 28 foot classy custom build tiny house it was custom built in 2018.", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00001-00000952-00001224": "the exterior includes dutch lap siding", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00002-00001296-00002048": "with cedar shingle accents around the loft windows and on either end of the tiny house", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00003-00002280-00002984": "on this side of the exterior there's a window that provides natural light into the living room area", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00004-00003552-00003879": "and there's also windows in the sleeping loft area", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00005-00004096-00004384": "that provides some natural light", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00006-00004952-00005056": "on the hitch end", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00007-00005280-00005968": "there's a small transom window that provides natural light into the bathroom area on the inside", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00008-00006200-00006544": "this tiny house has a mini split system for heating and cooling", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00009-00006631-00006959": "the system has a separate breaker on the exterior", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00010-00007176-00007584": "there are two options for electric hookup for this particular tiny house", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00011-00007656-00007920": "there's a junction box located underneath", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00012-00008144-00008584": "for hardwire or also an option for rv hookup", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00013-00009080-00009984": "in addition there's an exterior storage box", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00014-00011872-00012144": "all of the utilities are located on the hitch end", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00015-00012760-00014184": "the tiny house does have a metal roof", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00016-00014319-00014447": "it is a triple axel", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00017-00015560-00016063": "moving around to the end is where the front entrance is located", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00018-00016496-00016984": "also with another window that allows for natural light into the living room area", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00019-00018464-00018864": "on the exterior another window on this side", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00020-00019048-00019824": "provides natural light into the kitchen as well as windows", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00021-00019824-00019936": "and the sleeping loft", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00022-00020704-00022616": "there is a four foot cedar plank front porch provides covering over the front door", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00023-00022616-00022792": "and there is exterior lighting", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00024-00023344-00023440": "on the front porch", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00025-00023776-00023984": "as well as", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00026-00024096-00025384": "an outdoor outlet which gives you an option for plugging in outdoor lights holiday lights", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00027-00027480-00028232": "coming into the tiny house you come into the living area your sofa on one side", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00028-00028664-00029583": "both cushions open to reveal additional storage", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00029-00029872-00030983": "as well as the sofa is on legs so that area can also be used as storage underneath", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00030-00031127-00032383": "all of the windows have blinds the interior walls and ceiling are tongue and groove", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00031-00032456-00032848": "right across from the sofa is the wall mounted tv", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00032-00033688-00033864": "in addition all of the lighting", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00033-00034000-00034648": "and the tiny are on dimmer switches downstairs as well as up in the loft", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00034-00035040-00035440": "there's open shelving you can use to display collectibles", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00035-00035528-00035928": "or over in the kitchen area used to store dishes", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00036-00036304-00036616": "this particular tiny has stairs up to", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00037-00036616-00037112": "the sleeping loft underneath the stairs provides a lot of storage", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00038-00037320-00037984": "there's some open cubbies again that can be used as collectible display areas", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00039-00038328-00038880": "the bottom step of the stairs the top comes off if you need to hide valuables", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00040-00038944-00039384": "can actually act as a hidey hole", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00041-00039808-00040048": "the sleeping loft fits a queen-size bed", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00042-00040224-00040784": "there's a outlets on both sides of the mattress on the right and the left", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00043-00042240-00043016": "this half wall kind of provides privacy to the sleeping loft and it also provides", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00044-00043016-00043896": "some storage area or again display area for collectibles it's kind of a decorative accent", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00045-00044576-00044984": "there's laminate flooring throughout the tiny house", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00046-00045504-00045792": "right across from the stairs is the kitchen", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00047-00046024-00046736": "there's white shaker cabinets and grand granite counter top there's white subway tile", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00048-00046736-00047784": "backsplash the granite is extended to provide a little workstation area or an area to eat meals", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00049-00048968-00049440": "it's a four burner range also has an exhaust hood", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00050-00050064-00050584": "right across from the range as your refrigerator and freezer", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00051-00050736-00051344": "which is placed on a little box just to make it a little bit higher easier to get items in and out", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00052-00051344-00052120": "of the refrigerator and the box can actually serve as storage so again some more additional storage", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00053-00052455-00052896": "the air exchange unit is installed underneath the stairs as well", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00054-00053152-00053384": "along with the microwave", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00055-00054000-00054144": "the pallet wood barn door", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00056-00054567-00055264": "reveals the bathroom on the back side of the barn door is a full length mirror", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00057-00056008-00056367": "again shaker cabinet granite countertop", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00058-00056616-00056720": "flushing toilet", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00059-00056976-00057584": "the shower is fiberglass with glass panels", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00060-00058576-00058984": "right across is about a four foot area can use as a closet", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00061-00059167-00059648": "has storage up at the top room for hanging clothes", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00062-00060096-00060504": "two shelves and then again storage underneath those shelves", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00063-00060704-00061255": "three drawers kind of act as a dresser again just for storage", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00064-00061496-00061784": "and there is a stackable washer and dryer", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00065-00063024-00063367": "the transom window in the bathroom is nice it provides some", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00066-00063367-00063760": "natural light but it's also high enough it still provides a lot of privacy", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00067-00064424-00065984": "again open shelving for storage", "aoDQS7RDMwc-00068-00067136-00067144": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "aoIDfu8NWiu", "text": {"aoIDfu8NWiu-00000-00000022-00000449": "McARDLE: You talked about how women and men’s palates are different. How is their cooking", "aoIDfu8NWiu-00001-00000449-00001131": "different? I mean, there is an editor I know now at Eater, was at Saveur, who said that", "aoIDfu8NWiu-00002-00001131-00001530": "male cookery was all sort of knives, guts, and fire.", "aoIDfu8NWiu-00003-00001530-00002034": "“Knives, spice, and fire,” I think, was how she put it. That often seems like a fair", "aoIDfu8NWiu-00004-00002034-00002560": "characterization. My guy friends really want to load up the heat. I remember having a guy", "aoIDfu8NWiu-00005-00002560-00003159": "tell me that the secret to really good cooking was just dump Cajun seasoning all over everything.", "aoIDfu8NWiu-00006-00003159-00003465": "[laughter] McARDLE: How do women cook differently?", "aoIDfu8NWiu-00007-00003465-00003833": "MILLER: I mean, we’re not going to get into developmental theory here.", "aoIDfu8NWiu-00008-00003833-00004079": "McARDLE: No, no — what are the characteristics of it?", "aoIDfu8NWiu-00009-00004079-00004824": "MILLER: I can tell you the general broad strokes: women are essentially more concerned with", "aoIDfu8NWiu-00010-00004824-00005506": "internal experiences. They are more motivated to talk to someone in a dining room table.", "aoIDfu8NWiu-00011-00005506-00005833": "The guy will look at the television. You get four guys, and the four women will talk to", "aoIDfu8NWiu-00012-00005833-00006285": "each other. The point is, is that early on, there’s", "aoIDfu8NWiu-00013-00006285-00006836": "a better internalization of the phenomenological world inside the body. They actually begin", "aoIDfu8NWiu-00014-00006836-00007520": "to recognize those characteristics of things that are what I would call “body perceptuality.”", "aoIDfu8NWiu-00015-00007520-00008081": "That tends to be a little bit more subtle. It tends to be a little bit more in time.", "aoIDfu8NWiu-00016-00008081-00008772": "They don’t like the transformative process as much as understanding the — I’m", "aoIDfu8NWiu-00017-00008772-00009384": "going out on a limb — but they would prefer to accept the flavor, personality as", "aoIDfu8NWiu-00018-00009384-00009906": "is and understand it, rather than change it into something, that I do.", "aoIDfu8NWiu-00019-00009906-00010331": "Like Fuchsia said, if you took that carrot, that pork, that kidney, and just made it spicy,", "aoIDfu8NWiu-00020-00010331-00010770": "that’s what guys — they want to change it and transform it. They want to create something", "aoIDfu8NWiu-00021-00010770-00011277": "new. They want to actually not allow . . .If you allowed nature to take its course, then", "aoIDfu8NWiu-00022-00011277-00011834": "you wouldn’t be cooking. You don’t have to heat. You’re not transforming with spice.", "aoIDfu8NWiu-00023-00011834-00012226": "Except for Lydia Shire in Boston — she was the only one that I could never tell — women", "aoIDfu8NWiu-00024-00012226-00012722": "tend to actually believe that the ingredient should be left alone (Alice Waters or that", "aoIDfu8NWiu-00025-00012722-00013412": "school of cooking), and that you can literally coax natural ingredients into something that’s", "aoIDfu8NWiu-00026-00013412-00013919": "complex and satisfying and sophisticated and healthy. And if it’s sustainable, it’s", "aoIDfu8NWiu-00027-00013919-00014272": "even better. Men: I believe that if we go too far, that", "aoIDfu8NWiu-00028-00014272-00014759": "we’re not going to learn how to make moles, that we’re not concerned with other black", "aoIDfu8NWiu-00029-00014759-00015357": "bean soups. When I lived in Guatemala, every woman in the village made black bean soup.", "aoIDfu8NWiu-00030-00015357-00015819": "Not one of those women ever told me, “I go to the market and buy organic black beans,", "aoIDfu8NWiu-00031-00015819-00016203": "so mine is better.” No. [laughs] Every woman knew how good her black bean soup was. The", "aoIDfu8NWiu-00032-00016203-00016835": "best woman in the village, she has 37 steps. She really got me going.", "aoIDfu8NWiu-00033-00016835-00017523": "Women tend to be more focused and more creative and more subtle. It doesn’t mean that they’re", "aoIDfu8NWiu-00034-00017523-00017930": "not as rich a tradition. It just means that it’s a different level of recognition."}}, {"audio_id": "aoP5Yqaf0ay", "text": {"aoP5Yqaf0ay-00000-00000636-00000836": "Kanala abone olmayı, yorum yapmayı unutmayın"}}, {"audio_id": "aoWqqnksBgI", "text": {"aoWqqnksBgI-00000-00000003-00000342": "What's up everyone? Welcome back to The Durbin Compound. If you haven't", "aoWqqnksBgI-00001-00000342-00000708": "met me already, my name is Devin Durbin. So today on the channel, I'm going to show", "aoWqqnksBgI-00002-00000708-00001179": "you guys how to restring a trimmer head, whatever you want to call it. Everybody", "aoWqqnksBgI-00003-00001179-00001551": "has different names for it, but we want to restring the trimmer today. I'm going to show", "aoWqqnksBgI-00004-00001551-00001973": "you how. And I hope that you learn something from my video. Stay tuned!", "aoWqqnksBgI-00005-00003077-00003767": "All right guys, so let's get down to the real reason why we're here. So, I am going to take some of this", "aoWqqnksBgI-00006-00003767-00004478": "steel trimmer line here. We are going to do a full arm's length. I'm 5' 9\" so it's", "aoWqqnksBgI-00007-00004478-00005174": "about 5' 8\"/5' 9\" on my wingspan here. I'm going to do one full wingspan and then usually", "aoWqqnksBgI-00008-00005174-00005918": "just one arm. So, that will make enough for one string. And then we'll do it one more time. So", "aoWqqnksBgI-00009-00005918-00006761": "I'm going to make two loops here and we have cut our strings to length. So now I'm going to take you", "aoWqqnksBgI-00010-00006761-00007325": "guys off the bench and bring you down. Let's show you how to take the head off of a regular trimmer.", "aoWqqnksBgI-00011-00007325-00008048": "Everything's a little different, depends on what kind of, what size of line you get. It might differ", "aoWqqnksBgI-00012-00008048-00008690": "a little bit. Always when you're putting it on, if it stacks up too much, hey, cut some extra off. So", "aoWqqnksBgI-00013-00008690-00009086": "or you'll know for next time. So write it down or whatever you need to do to remember it, but", "aoWqqnksBgI-00014-00009086-00009713": "I usually do a full arm span and one arm length. So, let's take you guys off the bench and we'll string", "aoWqqnksBgI-00015-00009713-00010493": "the trimmer. All right guys, easy day on this. There are two detents here on either side of this head", "aoWqqnksBgI-00016-00010493-00011174": "here. You literally just push it in with your thumb and pry it open. And then rotate it to the", "aoWqqnksBgI-00017-00011174-00011729": "other side. Push it in with your thumb and pry it open. Now this will take your main cover off here", "aoWqqnksBgI-00018-00011729-00012611": "which exposes your button and your reel. So basically these are stuck under little", "aoWqqnksBgI-00019-00012611-00013127": "detents down here in the bottom. You literally just need to push and turn and it will come", "aoWqqnksBgI-00020-00013127-00013994": "out of where you're at. So, I was a little further than I expected here from being empty. So we are", "aoWqqnksBgI-00021-00013994-00014618": "going to just get rid of this old line here for instructional purposes. I wasn't completely out.", "aoWqqnksBgI-00022-00014618-00015622": "So that's always a good thing. All right, so on every trimmer head there's going to be a, you know, a", "aoWqqnksBgI-00023-00015622-00016457": "diagram telling you which way to trim, run your line here. I guess I'm just lost for words right", "aoWqqnksBgI-00024-00016457-00017318": "now. So we're going to put our first line here on the top. So torque closer towards the button that", "aoWqqnksBgI-00025-00017318-00018002": "hits the ground, okay? So, there's a little hole here in the actual reel. You're going to stick your", "aoWqqnksBgI-00026-00018002-00018983": "trimmer line in as far as it goes inside the little hole. And then wrap the line exactly how it says.", "aoWqqnksBgI-00027-00018983-00019601": "So there's some, you know, some people get really nerdy about this. What you don't want", "aoWqqnksBgI-00028-00019601-00020426": "to do is, you don't want to cross your line over multiple times basically pinching it in here. So", "aoWqqnksBgI-00029-00020426-00020852": "you don't want to run it like this, run it like that, run it like this. Because what happens is", "aoWqqnksBgI-00030-00020852-00021596": "if you pinch your line in here, it can't extract itself easily. So it just loosely run it in here.", "aoWqqnksBgI-00031-00021596-00022229": "No form or fashion here. Just don't bind it up. Once you've got it down, you're going to put it", "aoWqqnksBgI-00032-00022229-00022799": "into this little notch here. See? There's a notch here. And there's a notch here. And that holds", "aoWqqnksBgI-00033-00022799-00023540": "your string until you're ready to do the next one. So I'll pull my string from the next side. Exact same", "aoWqqnksBgI-00034-00023540-00024617": "thing. Put your wire in your hole. Run it exactly like it says on the reel here. And nice and quick.", "aoWqqnksBgI-00035-00025058-00025997": "All right, so now always at this step, if I come upuneven like this, what I'll usually do", "aoWqqnksBgI-00036-00025997-00026789": "is take one rotation back, and it'll be longer, but at least it won't be too short when I put it back", "aoWqqnksBgI-00037-00026789-00027370": "in the trimmer head. So that goes ahead and holds your wire for you to put it back in the trimmer", "aoWqqnksBgI-00038-00027370-00028151": "here. So, if you can see this, I hope you can see this well on camera here. There is a, basically, a", "aoWqqnksBgI-00039-00028151-00028868": "little plastic shelf here. What you're going to do is, you're going to seat this. These little tangs", "aoWqqnksBgI-00040-00028868-00029381": "here. You're going to seat these little tangs down beside them. And then you're going to push it in", "aoWqqnksBgI-00041-00029381-00030056": "and turn it, so that it sits underneath it. There is a spring in here. So, it literally springs out.", "aoWqqnksBgI-00042-00030056-00030575": "I'll show you from this angle. See? It springs out like this. You want to put it in there and", "aoWqqnksBgI-00043-00030575-00031247": "then slightly turn it, so that the plastic holds... I'm trying to do without looking. The plastic", "aoWqqnksBgI-00044-00031247-00031927": "holds it in. See that? Okay. Now after you hold the... It's held in place with the plastic, little tabs. You're", "aoWqqnksBgI-00045-00031927-00032687": "going to pull these out of the little detents here. And you're going to run them down into the metal", "aoWqqnksBgI-00046-00032687-00033401": "guides here. It's as simple as that. So after you run it down through here, boom, into your metal", "aoWqqnksBgI-00047-00033401-00034337": "guides. And then, literally just orient your cover piece back on here. Like that. Pop it on. Now", "aoWqqnksBgI-00048-00034337-00035111": "you'll see that the button is pressed in. So what you want to do is then pull on your wire.", "aoWqqnksBgI-00049-00035111-00035921": "And we'll pop your button out. And you are ready to trim. Boom! All right guys, just a quick down and", "aoWqqnksBgI-00050-00035921-00036407": "dirty video. I hope you learned something today. Give my video a thumbs up, or a thumbs down. Be", "aoWqqnksBgI-00051-00036407-00036842": "sure to click that subscribe button if you're not already subscribed. If you are a member of", "aoWqqnksBgI-00052-00036842-00037184": "the channel, thank you for supporting me! And I guess we'll see you guys in the next video."}}, {"audio_id": "aoX2c7xwaZ8", "text": {"aoX2c7xwaZ8-00000-00000035-00001083": "Hi, I'm Kip J Jones, Layton Utah dentist, have you been considering or wondering how", "aoX2c7xwaZ8-00001-00001083-00001275": "you can make your smile better?", "aoX2c7xwaZ8-00002-00001275-00001859": "Please come in and visit with us or ask us questions, we have technologies' that can", "aoX2c7xwaZ8-00003-00001859-00002253": "create for you the smile that you have always wanted.", "aoX2c7xwaZ8-00004-00002253-00002869": "We can offer invisalign to straighten you teeth; we offer ceramic coloured fillings,", "aoX2c7xwaZ8-00005-00002869-00003153": "same day crowns, implants.", "aoX2c7xwaZ8-00006-00003153-00003739": "We can offer for you veneers and crowns for your smile over.", "aoX2c7xwaZ8-00007-00003739-00004496": "These are the most beautiful restorations and prosthetics crowns that can be placed", "aoX2c7xwaZ8-00008-00004496-00004846": "to give you that smile that you've always wanted.", "aoX2c7xwaZ8-00009-00004846-00004978": "It is achievable.", "aoX2c7xwaZ8-00010-00004978-00006928": "Please call us at 801-546-3513 for a complimentary consultation."}}, {"audio_id": "aobi38byfxu", "text": {"aobi38byfxu-00000-00000036-00000312": "Hello. Today, we will learn about variables", "aobi38byfxu-00001-00000328-00000564": "and the types available in Pharo.", "aobi38byfxu-00002-00000580-00000784": "In fact, there are two big types:", "aobi38byfxu-00003-00000800-00001328": "local variables always start with lowercase by convention;", "aobi38byfxu-00004-00001344-00001592": "we will see the local types available.", "aobi38byfxu-00005-00001607-00001880": "The second big group is shared variables.", "aobi38byfxu-00006-00001896-00002256": "They start with uppercase by convention.", "aobi38byfxu-00007-00002272-00002464": "There are also several types.", "aobi38byfxu-00008-00002560-00002912": "Let's start with local variables which start with lowercase.", "aobi38byfxu-00009-00002928-00003136": "Local variables have one method.", "aobi38byfxu-00010-00003152-00003600": "They are declared between pipes,", "aobi38byfxu-00011-00003615-00003740": "the vertical bars.", "aobi38byfxu-00012-00003756-00003992": "Here, there's a local variable, c:", "aobi38byfxu-00013-00004008-00004376": "it's local to the method and exists only for its execution.", "aobi38byfxu-00014-00004392-00004696": "Therefore, it must always start with lowercase.", "aobi38byfxu-00015-00004712-00005184": "By the way, all the class names start with uppercase", "aobi38byfxu-00016-00005200-00005512": "because they are shared in the system.", "aobi38byfxu-00017-00005680-00005964": "Other types of local variables:", "aobi38byfxu-00018-00005980-00006356": "for example, there are instance variables in the object", "aobi38byfxu-00019-00006372-00006712": "which are local to it. There are two of them here: x and y.", "aobi38byfxu-00020-00006728-00006964": "They always start with lowercase.", "aobi38byfxu-00021-00006980-00007188": "As for local variables,", "aobi38byfxu-00022-00007204-00007556": "there are also the methods' arguments, here.", "aobi38byfxu-00023-00007628-00007976": "In aPoint, \"a\" is lowercase.", "aobi38byfxu-00024-00007992-00008284": "because this variable is also local to the method.", "aobi38byfxu-00025-00008300-00008688": "There are also block parameters.", "aobi38byfxu-00026-00008704-00009188": "For :x, x is a local variable to a block.", "aobi38byfxu-00027-00009204-00009432": "A block argument, sorry.", "aobi38byfxu-00028-00009448-00009728": "So here, it starts with lowercase.", "aobi38byfxu-00029-00009916-00010344": "In Pharo, there are six specific variables,", "aobi38byfxu-00030-00010360-00010684": "called special variables; you can't change their names.", "aobi38byfxu-00031-00010700-00010872": "They are reserved words in Pharo.", "aobi38byfxu-00032-00010888-00011264": "There are more than 50 of them in Java or JavaScript;", "aobi38byfxu-00033-00011280-00011416": "in Pharo, only six.", "aobi38byfxu-00034-00011432-00011772": "These are true, false, nil, self, super, and thisContext.", "aobi38byfxu-00035-00011788-00012164": "Let's figure out what these reserved words are for.", "aobi38byfxu-00036-00012180-00012436": "true and false are instances of Booleans:", "aobi38byfxu-00037-00012452-00012724": "true is the unique instance of the class True;", "aobi38byfxu-00038-00012740-00013016": "false, the unique instance of the class False.", "aobi38byfxu-00039-00013032-00013376": "nil is the unique instance of the class UndefinedObject.", "aobi38byfxu-00040-00013391-00013696": "So true, false, and nil are objects like any other,", "aobi38byfxu-00041-00013712-00014119": "except they are the unique instances of a specific class in the system.", "aobi38byfxu-00042-00014180-00014416": "Next, there are three pseudo-variables:", "aobi38byfxu-00043-00014432-00014872": "self refers to the current receiver, and it's equivalent to this in Java.", "aobi38byfxu-00044-00014888-00015152": "super always refers to the current receiver,", "aobi38byfxu-00045-00015168-00015488": "but this time, when you send a message via super,", "aobi38byfxu-00046-00015504-00015872": "it means the method lookup, the selection method algorithm,", "aobi38byfxu-00047-00015888-00016096": "which we will see in another class,", "aobi38byfxu-00048-00016112-00016584": "will start in the superclass where the keyword super is written.", "aobi38byfxu-00049-00016680-00017100": "thisContext is a pseudo-variable which refers to the object", "aobi38byfxu-00050-00017116-00017340": "that reifies the program's call stack.", "aobi38byfxu-00051-00017356-00017728": "It's an advanced concept we'll study at the end of this MOOC.", "aobi38byfxu-00052-00017744-00018008": "We will explain it to you later.", "aobi38byfxu-00053-00018024-00018336": "For now, you just need to know it's a pseudo-variable.", "aobi38byfxu-00054-00018476-00018812": "Now, shared or global variables.", "aobi38byfxu-00055-00018828-00019068": "First, you have all the classes.", "aobi38byfxu-00056-00019084-00019412": "All class names start with uppercase", "aobi38byfxu-00057-00019428-00019768": "because I can reference a class from anywhere in the system.", "aobi38byfxu-00058-00019848-00020216": "Be careful: what starts with uppercase is not always a class.", "aobi38byfxu-00059-00020232-00020460": "For example, Transcript:", "aobi38byfxu-00060-00020476-00020964": "it's an object name shared in the system.", "aobi38byfxu-00061-00020980-00021284": "Everyone can reference this object.", "aobi38byfxu-00062-00021300-00021664": "And it's standard output, stdout in other languages.", "aobi38byfxu-00063-00021680-00022012": "It's an instance object of a class, globally accessible.", "aobi38byfxu-00064-00022028-00022288": "So its name starts with uppercase.", "aobi38byfxu-00065-00022544-00022828": "There are also class variables,", "aobi38byfxu-00066-00022844-00023284": "which are declared here when declaring a class in classVariableNames;", "aobi38byfxu-00067-00023300-00023652": "here, the class #CombinedChar defines two class variables,", "aobi38byfxu-00068-00023668-00023992": "one called Compositions and the other Decompositions.", "aobi38byfxu-00069-00024008-00024220": "These two class variables", "aobi38byfxu-00070-00024236-00024604": "are accessible by the instances of the class #CombinedChar", "aobi38byfxu-00071-00024620-00024900": "and of its subclasses.", "aobi38byfxu-00072-00024916-00025188": "That's why they're called shared variables.", "aobi38byfxu-00073-00025204-00025548": "All the instances of the class and its subclasses share them.", "aobi38byfxu-00074-00025564-00025924": "So both of them start with uppercase.", "aobi38byfxu-00075-00025939-00026208": "To summarize, you must remember:", "aobi38byfxu-00076-00026224-00026752": "all local variables, local to an object, a block, or a method,", "aobi38byfxu-00077-00026768-00026976": "start with lowercase;", "aobi38byfxu-00078-00026992-00027360": "all global variables, such as class names, etc.,", "aobi38byfxu-00079-00027376-00027560": "start with uppercase."}}]