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+[{"audio_id": "2M7r28CK78k", "text": {"2M7r28CK78k-00000-00000000-00000200": "ধন্যবাদ জানাই কমেন্ট করার জন্য 🥰", "2M7r28CK78k-00001-00000216-00000416": "ধন্যবাদ জানাই কমেন্ট করার জন্য 🥰", "2M7r28CK78k-00002-00000442-00000642": "ধন্যবাদ জানাই কমেন্ট করার জন্য 🥰", "2M7r28CK78k-00003-00000642-00000842": "مجوده دجاج أحمر وأبيض، ولحم الابل أحمر وأبيض دجاج ناعم مخدوث لحم أحمر"}}, {"audio_id": "2MhAMCPxzeE", "text": {"2MhAMCPxzeE-00000-00000111-00000187": "Phrase search", "2MhAMCPxzeE-00001-00000307-00000746": "Phrase search is used to search for concepts   that consist of two or more words,", "2MhAMCPxzeE-00002-00000746-00001152": "for example, social media and human resource management.", "2MhAMCPxzeE-00003-00001240-00001465": "By adding quotation marks around the phrase,", "2MhAMCPxzeE-00004-00001465-00001832": "you get search results that include   the words in that exact order.", "2MhAMCPxzeE-00005-00001922-00002298": "Single words are not phrases   and do not require quotation marks", "2MhAMCPxzeE-00006-00002298-00002489": "but hyphenated words are.", "2MhAMCPxzeE-00007-00002590-00002842": "Longer sentences are not phrases either", "2MhAMCPxzeE-00008-00002842-00003275": "because search engines and databases   do not understand them as you do.", "2MhAMCPxzeE-00009-00003328-00003817": "You can use phrase search in different databases,   also in Google and Google Scholar."}}, {"audio_id": "2MvKfuVtAMg", "text": {"2MvKfuVtAMg-00000-00000000-00000501": "Welcome to my video", "2MvKfuVtAMg-00001-00000505-00001000": "Thank you for this video view", "2MvKfuVtAMg-00002-00001000-00001508": "Like, sub, share, support my channel.", "2MvKfuVtAMg-00003-00001516-00002000": "Thank you very much"}}, {"audio_id": "2MGmAQtqTkI", "text": {"2MGmAQtqTkI-00000-00000090-00000246": "I’ll be back", "2MGmAQtqTkI-00001-00000246-00000466": "A few moments later"}}, {"audio_id": "2MHM6inaTl8", "text": {"2MHM6inaTl8-00000-00000632-00001032": "You'll find that motivation does more than get you going when it comes to getting you moving.", "2MHM6inaTl8-00001-00001120-00001456": "It leads you to a place where you may accept things as they are while striving", "2MHM6inaTl8-00002-00001456-00001872": "for something greater. There are numerous ways in which it might boost one's self-esteem.", "2MHM6inaTl8-00003-00001984-00002384": "There are a variety of reasons why you might strive to find something that drives you so", "2MHM6inaTl8-00004-00002384-00002784": "that you might be happier with yourself and your life in the end. The first method that", "2MHM6inaTl8-00005-00002784-00003240": "motivation will boost your self-esteem is that it allows you to examine the current situation.", "2MHM6inaTl8-00006-00003336-00003672": "With motivation, you'll discover that there are times when you'll be able", "2MHM6inaTl8-00007-00003672-00004047": "to look at your life objectively and decide what and where you want to go from there.The", "2MHM6inaTl8-00008-00004176-00004600": "second way that motivation will boost your self-esteem is that you will feel better about", "2MHM6inaTl8-00009-00004600-00005176": "yourself whenever things start to go your way. You'll notice a shift in your attitude about life,", "2MHM6inaTl8-00010-00005176-00005680": "and you'll be able to enjoy it more. You will just feel better about yourself because you will", "2MHM6inaTl8-00011-00005680-00006184": "recognize your ability to change.You'll be able to appreciate the idea that you can do things,", "2MHM6inaTl8-00012-00006184-00006576": "and you'll be more motivated to put yourself out there and strive for greater success.", "2MHM6inaTl8-00013-00006704-00007184": "Motivation will also offer you courage, which is the third way it will boost your self-esteem.", "2MHM6inaTl8-00014-00007304-00007744": "Because of the success that you will have as a result of your self-motivation, you will be", "2MHM6inaTl8-00015-00007744-00008256": "able to push yourself to pursue other goals that you may not have considered before, as well as to", "2MHM6inaTl8-00016-00008256-00008824": "consider all of the possibilities. Things you might be interested in pursuing in the future.", "2MHM6inaTl8-00017-00008928-00009392": "This is an excellent way of life since it allows you to discover the things that actually make you", "2MHM6inaTl8-00018-00009392-00009976": "happy. Because you will be successful in your own personal achievements, you will feel successful.", "2MHM6inaTl8-00019-00009976-00010448": "Another advantage of motivation is that it causes you to perceive things in a more positive way.", "2MHM6inaTl8-00020-00010560-00011016": "You'll feel better about yourself and everything in your life when things start to go well and", "2MHM6inaTl8-00021-00011016-00011544": "everything turns out the way you planned. You will begin to shift your thinking from a negative to a", "2MHM6inaTl8-00022-00011544-00012128": "positive one. Everything will appear to alter as a result of your new way of thinking. When you start", "2MHM6inaTl8-00023-00012128-00012600": "thinking positively, you will be able to respect people and appreciate the little things in life.", "2MHM6inaTl8-00024-00012728-00013152": "Motivation is critical since you will not be able to achieve your goals unless you", "2MHM6inaTl8-00025-00013152-00013600": "are able to motivate yourself. You require inspiration in your life in", "2MHM6inaTl8-00026-00013600-00014096": "order to have a purpose to accomplish more. It is what motivates you to become a better", "2MHM6inaTl8-00027-00014096-00014504": "person.A lot of things in life would seem pointless if you didn't have motivation.", "2MHM6inaTl8-00028-00014624-00015088": "You will feel better about yourself as a result of your motivation since you will be full of hope.", "2MHM6inaTl8-00029-00015176-00015647": "When you are inspired to undertake something, you have a strong belief that you can accomplish it.", "2MHM6inaTl8-00030-00015760-00016240": "Knowing and feeling that you are entirely capable of doing what you truly desire is what makes it", "2MHM6inaTl8-00031-00016240-00016736": "worthwhile. Motivation is a wonderful feeling; all you have to do is discover the appropriate", "2MHM6inaTl8-00032-00016736-00017336": "item to get you started. All you have to do now is find something about which you are enthusiastic.", "2MHM6inaTl8-00033-00017440-00017984": "Your self-esteem and self-awareness will improve as a result of your motivation."}}, {"audio_id": "2MOtChw54_u", "text": {"2MOtChw54_u-00000-00000000-00000200": "music"}}, {"audio_id": "2NjLKWvtTTg", "text": {"2NjLKWvtTTg-00000-00000003-00000317": "hey guys what's up welcome back to my channel so in this video I'm gonna", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00001-00000317-00000683": "review a couple of products gonna be talking about this vape cartridge from", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00002-00000683-00001134": "VidaCann which is a newish new dispensary here in the state of Florida", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00003-00001134-00001896": "this teeny tiny little vape battery like compared to the Yocan UNI - I mean I", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00004-00001896-00002226": "love the Yocan UNI - this is what I use all the time BUT if you want one", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00005-00002226-00002636": "that's really REALLY small keep watching. And then guys, at the end of the video,", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00006-00002636-00002993": "we're gonna have a little Q&A moment so I can answer some of the questions that", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00007-00002993-00003294": "I got from you guys recently when I asked you if there was anything you", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00008-00003294-00003660": "wanted to ask me and a lot of you were like yeah well I think like 10 of you", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00009-00003661-00004040": "really yeah so but we're gonna do a little Q&A session at the end and I hope", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00010-00004040-00004280": "you guys like it also really quick I'm just gonna give you this disclaimer", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00011-00004280-00004598": "about the future of my channel I think this is what we're gonna do moving", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00012-00004598-00004998": "forward feel like I've done a lot of product reviews ok I've done a lot of", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00013-00004998-00005367": "reviews like a lot of products a lot of companies a lot of reviews I'm thinking", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00014-00005367-00005682": "about going back to basics a little bit and not focusing so much on specific", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00015-00005682-00006053": "products but maybe more so talking about like what it's like being a medical", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00016-00006053-00006312": "marijuana patient in Florida why do I use medical marijuana how did you get", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00017-00006312-00006743": "your medical marijuana card in Florida things like that so let me know what you", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00018-00006743-00007017": "think about that in the comments let me know if you have any input on that let's", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00019-00007017-00007428": "get into this video ok guys so let's talk about this I'm gonna pray", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00020-00007428-00007911": "that I can say this right tikkun olam tikkun olam vape cartridge in the Alaska", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00021-00007911-00008328": "strain which is a sativa strain from vitae can and this is my first time", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00022-00008328-00008597": "buying from vitae can so let's talk about what I liked about this a", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00023-00008597-00008877": "cartridge but let's start out with just a little bit of information about the", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00024-00008877-00009189": "product from their website that we already know about the product things to", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00025-00009189-00009629": "note about the vitae can beat cartridges they're made with a co2 extraction", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00026-00009629-00010032": "method they're without any cutting agent so there's no MCT oil in there it's", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00027-00010032-00010425": "gonna be highly potent this is a 1 milliliter cart with 800 milligrams of", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00028-00010425-00010875": "THC which leads me to think it's about 80 percent THC approximately I couldn't", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00029-00010875-00011264": "find an exact percentage for what this particular batch of Bergers was but I", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00030-00011264-00011690": "think it's gonna be around 80 percents 800 milligrams THC in a 1 gram or 1", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00031-00011690-00012027": "milliliter cartridge can in addition to having no cutting agent these guys also", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00032-00012027-00012515": "have cannabis drive to terpenes everybody loves cannabis drive terpenes", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00033-00012515-00012891": "so that is exciting tell your mom tell your friends also tell everyone you know", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00034-00012891-00013329": "there is a serious first-time deal if by it again it's such a good deal $55", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00035-00013329-00013834": "off your first purchase as well as first time free delivery can't be that right", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00036-00013834-00014187": "so let's talk about its taste and the facts in everything like that this is an", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00037-00014187-00014616": "80 percent THC cartridge or approximately 80 percent THC so it's", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00038-00014616-00014985": "pretty high it's pretty intense expect euphoric effects you're gonna get", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00039-00014985-00015354": "lighten it's an 80 percent THC dose so be careful especially preview with this", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00040-00015354-00015735": "but I found that I really liked this one it really does have a true achieve a", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00041-00015735-00016107": "sort of effect for me anyway it's called the Alaska strain yes", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00042-00016107-00016476": "tikkun makes their own kind of strains which is cool but yeah it gave me more", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00043-00016476-00016903": "of an uplifted effect more of a sativa like clear-headed effect and the taste", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00044-00016903-00017337": "and smell of this eight cartridge was super super natural it was it's just", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00045-00017337-00017806": "natural tasting I was expecting to taste more of like a lemony limonene pine", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00046-00017806-00018253": "taste or something but it like it was just like super mild super super natural", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00047-00018253-00018781": "very natural it's a really natural taste and I love the taste of this thing it", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00048-00018781-00019260": "tastes very natural it's made with a co2 extraction nothing like I said before as", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00049-00019260-00019615": "cannabis drive tripping mortgage a sport and you can get this one gram bait", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00050-00019615-00019935": "cartridge for like fifty five dollars if you use the first time discount with", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00051-00019935-00020259": "vitae camp it's normally $110 I've had mine for", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00052-00020259-00020779": "about one week actually not exactly a week now and this is where we are this", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00053-00020779-00021156": "is where we're at my oil comes up to about here and it was", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00054-00021156-00022081": "fully filled when I got it it was filled to the top so now let's talk about this", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00055-00022081-00022459": "teeny tiny beet battery really quick because it is something else just tiny", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00056-00022459-00022900": "little vape battery that is so small and it actually looks like a little teddy", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00057-00022900-00023287": "bear I never liked a polar bear and I don't know how to feel about that part", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00058-00023287-00023676": "of things it's kind of so cute that it freaks me out so this is the lucky bear", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00059-00023676-00024193": "vape battery and it is so tiny it's less than two inches long and if you remember", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00060-00024193-00024534": "the Uni battery I mean there are things that the Uni has that this guy does not", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00061-00024534-00024925": "have but this thing is a lot smaller than the Uni like look at the difference", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00062-00024925-00025488": "there I mean this is a battery this is the whole battery so if we put our bait", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00063-00025488-00026088": "cartridge in here this whole thing is so small so", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00064-00026088-00026875": "lightweight it's crazy so it only has one heat setting the thing about this", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00065-00026875-00027333": "battery and the reason why I reviewed it is it has one really cool thing about it", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00066-00027333-00027708": "the one really cool thing about it is that it is so small so it's the smallest", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00067-00027708-00028203": "to make battery that I've ever seen in this kind of shape or at all I think", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00068-00028203-00028630": "it's really tiny if for some reason you want a tiny tiny tiny date battery then", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00069-00028630-00029107": "I would definitely argue in the atman lucky berry it's so small if you don't", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00070-00029107-00029472": "like this little string thing - you could probably just cut that off and", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00071-00029472-00029812": "I'll see why not like you just cut it really close to where it attaches to the", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00072-00029812-00030091": "bear I don't really love it personally I'm not crazy about it at the same time", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00073-00030091-00030430": "I can see how it could be useful mean if you're on the go and you need a really", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00074-00030430-00030766": "really small video battery and yours on the go or whatever you might like this", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00075-00030766-00031008": "thing and I honestly think the pink colors really cute there's a pink", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00076-00031008-00031344": "there's a white I think there's a black so check it out I'll put the link in the", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00077-00031344-00031702": "description definitely works with this and any 510 voted cartridge will work", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00078-00031702-00031977": "with the lucky bear", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00079-00033348-00033765": "let's get started on this part of video which is the Q&A section of the video", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00080-00033765-00034143": "all right guys so let me jump into these questions that you guys had for me when", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00081-00034143-00034416": "I asked if there's anything that you guys wanted to know and if I skip over", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00082-00034416-00034830": "one of the ones that you asked go back to that post and check the by replied", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00083-00034830-00035220": "because I might reply to some of them on there instead of in the video so someone", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00084-00035220-00035739": "basically asked if I found that vaping herb is faster or more effective for me", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00085-00035739-00036315": "with finding relief for my symptoms so I would say it's not necessarily faster I", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00086-00036315-00036744": "don't know see I like to smoke my loose flower like I like to smoke my weed when", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00087-00036744-00037017": "I have it I don't really vape it too much I do have a little handheld", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00088-00037017-00037395": "vaporizer that I like but I hardly ever use it it's just more I guess it's more", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00089-00037395-00037767": "like familiar for me to just smoke out of my bong or my pipe or something but", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00090-00037767-00038076": "that's what I do with my loose flower as far as the question about any", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00091-00038076-00038418": "recommendations on affordable dry herb vaporizers I definitely invite anyone", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00092-00038418-00038751": "watching to give your two cents in the comments because I don't really have a", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00093-00038751-00039048": "lot of experience with dry air vaporizers but I really liked this one", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00094-00039048-00039453": "called the high-low from white rhino I do feel like the loose flower affects me", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00095-00039453-00039825": "differently than any of the bait cartridges or vape pens that I've used", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00096-00039825-00040212": "it's just a different experience smoking than using the marijuana concentrate", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00097-00040212-00040548": "concentrates are just not the same as flower although they can be a lot", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00098-00040548-00041022": "stronger with THC I definitely say smoking cannabis or using whole flower", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00099-00041022-00041496": "cannabis different experience from using any kind of vaping or cannabis oil I", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00100-00041496-00041835": "don't want to say it's necessarily faster or more effective but like it's", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00101-00041835-00042168": "different so it could be more effective for you I would think and someone asked", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00102-00042168-00042621": "me how hard is it to find how hard is it to find a job as a medical marijuana", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00103-00042621-00043008": "patient well I have trouble finding one if I'm using cannabis so it's illicit", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00104-00043008-00043503": "you can definitely still get a job a job if you're using cannabis like it just", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00105-00043503-00043779": "depends on what that job is and there's gonna be a lot of different factors that", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00106-00043779-00044238": "play into like whether you do or don't get a job and you use medical cannabis", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00107-00044238-00044625": "it all depends on a number of different factors it depends on what kind of job", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00108-00044625-00045198": "you're trying to get whether or not that particular company drug tests whether or", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00109-00045198-00045597": "not this company makes exceptions for patients that are using medical cannabis", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00110-00045597-00045969": "like and it's hard to find that out sometimes and you don't always want to", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00111-00045969-00046284": "ask that on the one hand it's a more difficult", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00112-00046284-00046713": "and mentally difficult emotionally difficult process because you do have to", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00113-00046713-00047187": "kind of ask yourself do I want to bring this up and the interview do I want to", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00114-00047187-00047594": "mention it to them it's a good question for me because I am not only a medical", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00115-00047594-00047963": "marijuana patient but obviously I post these videos on the Internet", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00116-00047963-00048399": "so that makes me nervous sometimes when I go into job interviews right now I'm", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00117-00048399-00049368": "pursuing a job that is in the cannabis field so more about that later guys if I", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00118-00049368-00049584": "get this job I'll let you know but we'll see", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00119-00049584-00050103": "but yeah so it hasn't really hurt me yet I guess my short answer for that is it", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00120-00050103-00050595": "can be harder but it's possible you ever used cannabis before becoming a medical", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00121-00050595-00051024": "marijuana patient that is such a good question and yes but not really as much", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00122-00051024-00051462": "as you might think I'm pretty new to it in the sense that I dabbled in it when I", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00123-00051462-00051732": "was in it the first time I ever smoked just probably when I was like 16 or so", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00124-00051732-00052149": "when I was 17 I had like a stoner phase I was smoking quite a bit quite often", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00125-00052149-00052492": "those bored and I just wanted to when I was like 17 I had a big stoner phase", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00126-00052492-00052952": "kind of gave it up when I was 18 to 19 and one thing was I started to feel like", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00127-00052952-00053408": "every time I smoked any time any time I smoked weed it would just make me feel", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00128-00053408-00053802": "anxious and make me feel uncomfortable and make me feel socially awkward so I", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00129-00053802-00054195": "kind of just stopped because of that I thought I just can't smoke weed like I'm", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00130-00054195-00054608": "just one of these people that just gets anxiety and I don't get the chilled out", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00131-00054608-00054995": "thing that other people get I react differently I get I get really anxious", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00132-00054995-00055383": "and I get really stressed out and I get self-conscious and I hate it so for a", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00133-00055383-00055701": "long time I didn't smoke between lines between the years of like my life that I", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00134-00055701-00056211": "was 18 and then up until I was like 23 I didn't pick it back up until I became a", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00135-00056211-00056526": "medical marijuana patient basically so I was starting to be dabble in and again", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00136-00056526-00056792": "and then I found out that you could become a medical marijuana patient and I", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00137-00056792-00057116": "was like that's perfect for me because I don't really want to go and buy it from", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00138-00057116-00057362": "a dealer", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00139-00057385-00057966": "I don't really want to get in trouble why not just do it legally so yeah so", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00140-00057966-00058249": "that's how we got to this point I might just do one more question because", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00141-00058249-00058597": "there's a couple left I don't want to do all of these on cam I have other stuff I", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00142-00058597-00058957": "need to get done and I need to edit this one and pose to it so let's just do one", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00143-00058957-00059599": "more did you have to have a long history of medical records to apply um so it I", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00144-00059599-00059914": "have to have a history of medical records I'm not sure if I could have", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00145-00059914-00060274": "gotten it without any medical records but did I have to have a long history of", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00146-00060274-00060796": "medical records do not really know I used my records from my psychiatrist my", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00147-00060796-00061305": "psychiatrist I've been seeing sense I think 2016 or 2017 so wasn't really that", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00148-00061305-00061633": "long but that doctor is who I've been seeing to move to where I live now and", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00149-00061633-00062113": "those documents supported the symptoms that I was describing to my medical", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00150-00062113-00062491": "marijuana doctor and I believe that helped her to allow me to be able to use", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00151-00062491-00062875": "medical marijuana so I definitely highly recommend trying to get any", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00152-00062875-00063316": "documentation that you can of any anything pointing to your qualifying", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00153-00063316-00063622": "condition that's gonna allow your cannabis recommendation um get any of", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00154-00063622-00063922": "that documentation together ahead of time before your first medical marijuana", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00155-00063922-00064744": "doctor appointment bring it with you or if you need to you can have your medical", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00156-00064744-00065116": "marijuana doctor usually or I have mine anyway ask for it from your doctor if", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00157-00065116-00065407": "you give them your doctor's information they can usually do that amongst", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00158-00065407-00065767": "themselves but it helps and makes it faster if you bring your documents with", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00159-00065767-00066049": "you so if you have anything bring it with anyway guys I'm gonna finish", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00160-00066049-00066352": "answering the rest of your questions back over on that text post that I made", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00161-00066352-00066769": "before sorry that I didn't get to all of them but I did have to fit in a couple", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00162-00066769-00067126": "of you know different things in this video so I'll catch you guys in the next", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00163-00067126-00067525": "one and like I said things are gonna get a little bit different for just a second", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00164-00067525-00067855": "not a whole lot different but it's gonna get more generalized like I don't really", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00165-00067855-00068302": "want to do too many specific product reviews because I feel like we've kind", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00166-00068302-00068683": "of just done that and we're not it's just not really that exciting anymore", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00167-00068683-00069031": "for me so I wanted to do something else it's gonna keep me more interested and", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00168-00069031-00069400": "challenged and I still want to be able to help you guys and give helpful advice", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00169-00069400-00069713": "to anybody out there who's looking find out more about medical marijuana in", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00170-00069713-00070127": "Florida so I'll keep you guys posted and I'll see you guys in the next video and", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00171-00070127-00070409": "thanks for watching this one if you liked it don't forget to hit the thumbs", "2NjLKWvtTTg-00172-00070409-00070846": "up thank you bye"}}, {"audio_id": "2N-9nmg__gI", "text": {"2N-9nmg__gI-00000-00000035-00000809": "G Major 16+R Major", "2N-9nmg__gI-00001-00000809-00003412": "It Is Looks Like G Major 16 With", "2N-9nmg__gI-00002-00003412-00003496": "Flip Left And Right"}}, {"audio_id": "2NNlahWxqCI", "text": {"2NNlahWxqCI-00000-00000078-00000476": "So this is the bookstore in", "2NNlahWxqCI-00001-00000476-00000770": "uh, this is the bookstore in the Uwajimaya", "2NNlahWxqCI-00002-00000770-00001163": "in Seattle. What's the name of the bookstore again? I forget.", "2NNlahWxqCI-00003-00001163-00001263": "Kinokunya.", "2NNlahWxqCI-00004-00001263-00001534": "Kinokunya. This is their manga section.", "2NNlahWxqCI-00005-00001534-00001723": "[pause]", "2NNlahWxqCI-00006-00001723-00002032": "Oh my goodness.", "2NNlahWxqCI-00007-00002032-00002574": "[pause]", "2NNlahWxqCI-00008-00002574-00003176": "Fuckin'- all of that. Just- all of it.", "2NNlahWxqCI-00009-00003176-00003344": "It's kind of glorious knowing this place is", "2NNlahWxqCI-00010-00003344-00003592": "within driving distance of me.", "2NNlahWxqCI-00011-00003592-00003698": "It's really fuckin' nice.", "2NNlahWxqCI-00012-00003698-00003890": "Also we just ate at the food court", "2NNlahWxqCI-00013-00003890-00004030": "and it was like being in", "2NNlahWxqCI-00014-00004030-00004255": "Little Saigon's Asian Garden Mall.", "2NNlahWxqCI-00015-00004255-00004418": "It was amazing.", "2NNlahWxqCI-00016-00004418-00005048": "[pause]", "2NNlahWxqCI-00017-00005048-00005680": "Higurashi.", "2NNlahWxqCI-00018-00005680-00006019": "Do they have all of the books or is it just 1 through 6?", "2NNlahWxqCI-00019-00006019-00006319": "There's more over here.", "2NNlahWxqCI-00020-00006319-00006469": "Ah, okay.", "2NNlahWxqCI-00021-00006469-00006569": "Daaaaaang.", "2NNlahWxqCI-00022-00006569-00007072": "So, I don't actually read that much manga, so it doesn't much matter to me.", "2NNlahWxqCI-00023-00007072-00007122": "Hetalia passport."}}, {"audio_id": "2NaVKA9k9eg", "text": {"2NaVKA9k9eg-00000-00081401-00082301": "(FLASH WARNING)"}}, {"audio_id": "2pvVifBo_4Q", "text": {"2pvVifBo_4Q-00000-00000550-00000969": "EARLIER THIS YEAR, SECNAV ROLLED OUT HIS FOUR KEY PRIORITIES TO MAINTAINING A STRONG NAVAL", "2pvVifBo_4Q-00001-00000969-00001070": "FORCE.", "2pvVifBo_4Q-00002-00001070-00001435": "HIS TOP PRIORITY IS PEOPLE AND ENSURING THEY REMAIN RESILIENT AFTER WORKING AT A HIGH OPERATIONAL", "2pvVifBo_4Q-00003-00001435-00001535": "TEMPO.", "2pvVifBo_4Q-00004-00001535-00001922": "THE NAVY INTRODUCED THE 21ST CENTURY SAILOR AND MARINE PROGRAM TO HELP SAFEGUARD THE MENTAL,", "2pvVifBo_4Q-00005-00001922-00002223": "EMOTIONAL AND PHYSICAL WELL-BEING OF ITS FIGHTING FORCE.", "2pvVifBo_4Q-00006-00002223-00002625": "IT FOCUSES ON FOSTERING A CULTURE OF FITNESS, PREVENTING SEXUAL ASSAULT AND STRENGTHENING", "2pvVifBo_4Q-00007-00002625-00003017": "THE FORCE THROUGH DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION.", "2pvVifBo_4Q-00008-00003017-00003432": "AS A PART OF THE FOCUS ON PEOPLE, THE 2013 SEXUAL ASSAULT SURVEY IS STILL AVAILABLE AND", "2pvVifBo_4Q-00009-00003432-00003922": "THE END-OF-YEAR GOAL OF 65,000 COMPLETED SURVEYS AS OF THIS WEEK IS AT THE HALFWAY MARK.", "2pvVifBo_4Q-00010-00003922-00004289": "THE SURVEY CAN BE FOUND ONLINE AND THE PASSWORD IS 2013SURVEY.", "2pvVifBo_4Q-00011-00004289-00004476": "READ MORE ABOUT THESE STORIES AT NAVY.MIL.", "2pvVifBo_4Q-00012-00004476-00004657": "FROM ALL HANDS UPDATE, THANKS FOR WATCHING."}}, {"audio_id": "2pDDQUJmxYo", "text": {"2pDDQUJmxYo-00000-00000001-00000202": "(male narrator) There are a few special cases", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00001-00000202-00000309": "that might come up", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00002-00000309-00000702": "with solving systems of equation by substitution.", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00003-00000702-00001103": "As we solve, if the variables subtract out completely to 0,", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00004-00001103-00001402": "it means there is either no solution...", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00005-00001801-00002107": "or there are infinite solutions...", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00006-00002701-00003006": "that can make the system of equations true.", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00007-00003006-00003301": "Let's take a look at some examples", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00008-00003301-00003602": "and see what we can find out.", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00009-00003602-00004008": "In this problem, we see a lone variable, x.", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00010-00004008-00004300": "We get that lone variable alone", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00011-00004300-00004600": "by subtracting 4y from both sides.", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00012-00004807-00005501": "This gives us x is equal to -7 minus 4y.", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00013-00005501-00005905": "This expression is what we can replace the x with", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00014-00005905-00006200": "in the other equation.", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00015-00006200-00007300": "We have 21 plus 3x, which is -7 minus 4y; equals -12y.", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00016-00007600-00007900": "We start by distributing through the parentheses:", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00017-00007900-00008907": "21 minus 21, minus 12y, is equal to -12y.", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00018-00009100-00009808": "Combining like terms, we end up with simply -12y equals -12y.", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00019-00009808-00010104": "We can't divide by a variable.", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00020-00010104-00010404": "So we must add 12y to both sides,", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00021-00010404-00010703": "so our variables are on the same side.", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00022-00010703-00010902": "As we do, we notice", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00023-00010902-00011102": "the variables subtract out completely,", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00024-00011102-00011308": "and we end up with 0 equals 0.", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00025-00011600-00011708": "0 does equal 0.", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00026-00011708-00012000": "This is a true statement.", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00027-00012000-00012200": "Because this statement is true,", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00028-00012200-00012506": "that tells us there are an infinite number of solutions", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00029-00012506-00012804": "that make the systems of equations true.", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00030-00012804-00013403": "Here, we say there are infinite...solutions.", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00031-00013801-00014006": "In other words, any pair of numbers", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00032-00014006-00014208": "that makes the first equation true", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00033-00014208-00014605": "will also make the second equation true.", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00034-00014807-00015106": "Let's try another example where our variable seems", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00035-00015106-00015706": "to subtract out completely as we interpret what that means.", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00036-00015706-00016309": "In this next problem, again, we find a lone variable, y.", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00037-00016309-00016509": "To get it completely alone,", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00038-00016509-00016904": "we must subtract the 5x from both sides.", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00039-00017107-00017603": "This tells us that y is equal to 3 minus 5x,", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00040-00017603-00018001": "which means this is what we can replace the y with", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00041-00018001-00018206": "in the other equation:", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00042-00018206-00019006": "8 minus 3y, which is now 3 minus 5x, is equal to 15x.", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00043-00019204-00019306": "Again, we'll start", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00044-00019306-00019506": "by distributing through the parentheses", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00045-00019506-00020103": "and get 8 minus 9, plus 15x, equals 15x.", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00046-00020306-00021104": "Combining like terms, 8 minus 9 is -1, plus 15x, equals 15x.", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00047-00021207-00021701": "Again, as we solve, we want the variable all on one side.", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00048-00021701-00022006": "We'll subtract 15x from both sides.", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00049-00022006-00022404": "As we do, we notice the variable subtracts out completely.", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00050-00022404-00022804": "We're left with -1 on the left side of the equation", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00051-00022804-00023205": "and nothing, or 0, on the right side.", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00052-00023205-00023509": "We end up with the equation -1 equals 0,", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00053-00023509-00023805": "but we know this is not true.", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00054-00023805-00024303": "This is false: -1 never equals 0.", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00055-00024303-00024701": "What this tells us is the original system of equations", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00056-00024701-00025007": "will never be true working together.", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00057-00025007-00025209": "If something works in one equation,", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00058-00025209-00025608": "it will not work in the other equation.", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00059-00025608-00025908": "We say there is no solution.", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00060-00026409-00026706": "If we end up with a false statement", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00061-00026706-00027006": "as the variables subtract out, there is no solution.", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00062-00027006-00027302": "If we end up with a true statement,", "2pDDQUJmxYo-00063-00027302-00027604": "it means there are infinite solutions."}}, {"audio_id": "2pJ0nZD8qdk", "text": {"2pJ0nZD8qdk-00000-00000062-00000718": "Hi there guys it's Pip here from Pipwheatley.com  and today I want to talk to you about", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00001-00000718-00001776": "self belief and now a self belief I always think came from within it's like", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00002-00001776-00002550": "oh I can do anything that I can choose to believe in but I think there might be", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00003-00002550-00003131": "another aspect too and I just want to put this to you guys as a concept really", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00004-00003175-00003998": "if you choose something that is not in line with who you are and which does not", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00005-00003998-00004598": "serve you and which is not in the direction you are meant to go in I", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00006-00004598-00005221": "believe that at some point your self confidence your self-esteem in your", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00007-00005221-00005864": "desire to go in that direction will disappear I don't think it's actually", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00008-00005864-00006836": "something that you get to choose now my self belief can come through practice", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00009-00006836-00007920": "and meditation affirmations and you know just really having a clear idea of who", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00010-00007920-00008810": "you are why you minutes ago but if your girl is sketchy or you think you want it", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00011-00008810-00009518": "or you should want it then I don't think that it's necessarily gonna come to you", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00012-00009518-00010446": "because you've tried to jump ahead of the queue and you've tried to create", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00013-00010446-00010947": "something for you there's actually not meant to be for you it's like if Mozart", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00014-00010947-00011274": "decided that he was going to be a painter well it's not designed to be a", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00015-00011274-00012021": "painter he was designed to be a musician and how do you tried to pursue being a", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00016-00012021-00012425": "painter you may have succeeded but that's what he was born to be who's want", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00017-00012425-00012774": "to be a musician so I don't think that he wouldn't necessarily find the road", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00018-00012774-00013197": "very easy even if he was the new you want him to convinced in his", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00019-00013197-00013566": "mind that that's you know he wanted to be an artist and he was going to be an", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00020-00013566-00013947": "artist and that was it you know there's no other option for him he had to", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00021-00013947-00014802": "discover who he was first know how do we get to that point how do get to the", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00022-00014802-00015494": "point it just come and here we are it's a long road and I was very lucky when I", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00023-00015494-00016542": "was about 23 and 22 23 I moved away from my family home and they moved to Wales", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00024-00016542-00017220": "with my brother well in the UK though those of you who are not in the UK and", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00025-00017220-00017610": "so I was a hundred miles away from my family home and hadn't really had much", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00026-00017610-00018075": "practice at looking after myself solely before and obviously a cook and things", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00027-00018075-00018420": "like that but I always had family members around me so he was kind of", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00028-00018420-00018933": "shared and my mom and dad would pay the bills I did pay my rent to my mom and", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00029-00018933-00019563": "she was sort of all out and you know and that's a lot of things so I was quite", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00030-00019563-00020214": "lucky because I discovered motivational speakers now if you've never ever heard", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00031-00020214-00020687": "of a motivational speaker I've what I'm not surprised", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00032-00020726-00021567": "basically there are people who want to get other people to that point in time", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00033-00021567-00022212": "where they go and know who I am and I know what I'm doing and this just feels", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00034-00022212-00022935": "so right it's easy it's effortless it's within me rather than living the life", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00035-00022935-00023460": "where they're not in tune they're not in alignment with who they're meant to be", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00036-00023460-00024072": "everything's a struggle things keep going wrong servant and patterns keep", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00037-00024072-00024768": "showing up in their lives and life is just not generally feeling great so", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00038-00024768-00025068": "these people are pretty amazing I was quite looking I came across a guy called", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00039-00025068-00025808": "Les Brown Elias Brown he's in his 70s now and he could still deliver a pretty", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00040-00025808-00026256": "profound speech lips were that way and the more I look the more they're", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00041-00026256-00027132": "worth is oh c'mon Dina there's Deepak Chopra CH o RPA I think sop are right", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00042-00027132-00028638": "and there is general HN Denis Waitley and nightingale the strangest secret is", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00043-00028638-00029148": "listed as if you have not seen the strangest secrets on YouTube by ill", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00044-00029148-00029756": "Nightingale you need to look at it it's just half an hour long but it is", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00045-00029756-00030539": "incredible it will really let you know some truths about life and I now like to", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00046-00030539-00031008": "listen to it and we listen to it because it keeps me on the path REM like right", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00047-00031008-00031416": "I've got her I've already do this and I'd forgot since last time I listened to", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00048-00031416-00032114": "it and because it's all to do with how powerful the mind really is and he", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00049-00032114-00032583": "explains it just so well it's it's really phenomenal and there's just", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00050-00032583-00033381": "countless others you know Tony Robbins made a giant in this industry you know", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00051-00033381-00034362": "those notes people so I think when you discover these people and you you know I", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00052-00034362-00034764": "realized very very quickly that I had never discovered who I was I've been in", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00053-00034764-00035166": "education from the air to form to the age of 18 and yet I didn't know anything", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00054-00035166-00035604": "about me I cannot learn to single think about myself and I'm not saying I", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00055-00035604-00035982": "received the wrong type of education I'm saying that there were things missing", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00056-00035982-00036333": "off the agenda that should have been that personal development being the", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00057-00036333-00036705": "number one subject they should have been on that and because we're all given this", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00058-00036705-00037200": "idea that school particularly nowadays that have to get the best grades and", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00059-00037200-00037581": "then you have to go to university and then have to get better job and then you", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00060-00037581-00037902": "had to work you out anything you have to retire and I have to go on a ski", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00061-00037902-00038333": "holidays and then and then you have to go to the grandkids and then that's it", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00062-00038333-00038625": "but let me tell you something when you're sitting in a class of 30 people", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00063-00038625-00039063": "you have got 30 different people with 30 different backgrounds", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00064-00039063-00039408": "they're different ways being brought up do you think they're gonna all have to", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00065-00039408-00039843": "go do you think that they're all meant to go in that direction really you know", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00066-00039843-00040850": "one size does not fit all as inside so self belief is its massive", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00067-00040850-00041589": "investment your gods find out who you are Reid I love to the things on YouTube", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00068-00041589-00041991": "I like to download things onto my mp3 on youtube back in this term at work in the", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00069-00041991-00042504": "car I listen in the morning I listened some meditations for you those of you", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00070-00042504-00042891": "who never tried meditations when I was I started to try meditation so I was like", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00071-00042891-00043341": "no in hell that's what quest people do you know that's what I hippies do that's", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00072-00043341-00044249": "what mad people do who believe in weird stuff but you know I I gave a girl and I", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00073-00044249-00044712": "do this meditation in the morning which is 10 minutes long time to think they'd", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00074-00044712-00045264": "last for hours just 10 minutes that easy and it's got by a guy called Jonathan", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00075-00045264-00045933": "layman Alan hm8 of length it's a French guy but it's ten minute", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00076-00045933-00046619": "morning meditation is brilliant it's in English so that's that cyclist and them", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00077-00046619-00047184": "and I was on a call last night with somebody and they said that they can go", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00078-00047184-00047619": "into the meditation deeper and it's it is affecting them psychologically", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00079-00047619-00048456": "because they feel different inside but they could not have achieved that when", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00080-00048456-00048915": "if they started meditating or so those of you who not trying to give it go not", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00081-00048915-00049392": "it's like cups of tea you know well one tea bag type you might not like where's", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00082-00049392-00049776": "another one is time for you so there's not one again one-size-fits-all it", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00083-00049776-00050559": "doesn't wear like that and but give it a go and death or you've got to read I've", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00084-00050559-00051166": "you know I'm sorry about for not reading but I again YouTube videos there's just", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00085-00051166-00051641": "so many YouTube videos I mean this is free education you know the best type of", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00086-00051641-00052233": "education there is TEDx talks online that can be you know videos from you", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00087-00052233-00052596": "know a few minutes several hours on depending on what", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00088-00052596-00053001": "you're looking for and you don't have to be there's you know it's been hours and", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00089-00053001-00053612": "hours a few minutes a day would be fabulous and get yourself around people", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00090-00053612-00054144": "this is what I would voted to do because I just buy less brown advice there and I", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00091-00054144-00054561": "would advise to and it takes so you have to do it more than once because it's not", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00092-00054561-00055485": "used to say he said to look at your relationships and try and figure out ask", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00093-00055485-00056030": "yourself this question what am i becoming because of this relationship is", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00094-00056030-00056571": "it helping me to grow spiritually and emotionally mentally is it challenging", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00095-00056571-00057079": "me is it I might become your better person because of this relationship", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00096-00057079-00057663": "because if you want to discover your goal it is easy to get wiped out by one", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00097-00057663-00058532": "negative comment easy really easy and you know there are people out there who", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00098-00058532-00059349": "take who they are to the great with them because one person once upon a time many", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00099-00059349-00059891": "many years ago said something negative and that made them believe for whatever", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00100-00059891-00060486": "reason that they couldn't be I couldn't discover or sure to stop exactly where", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00101-00060486-00060960": "they are because that thought that was possible for them and that's not true", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00102-00060960-00061742": "because there is this thing called evolution and it's not just over", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00103-00061742-00062223": "hundreds and thousands of years it's actually happening right now it's if you", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00104-00062223-00062670": "know it's evolution of the mind its evolution of who you are as you grow as", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00105-00062670-00062970": "you expand you will naturally become a different person because of your", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00106-00062970-00063387": "experiences you're evolving every day whether you like it or not whether you", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00107-00063387-00063960": "notice it or not so make sure you're evolving in the right direction you know", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00108-00063960-00064401": "towards something that is going to serve you and when you when you do that that's", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00109-00064401-00064965": "where self belief will come so that's all from me today and I hope again you", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00110-00064965-00065420": "enjoyed this video I hope it gave you something to think about and I hope", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00111-00065420-00065891": "you will go away and really really do this exercise that actually biblically", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00112-00065891-00066299": "sit down with a piece of paper write down the five closest people that you", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00113-00066299-00066907": "communicate with and write down what it's happening to you whatever what they", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00114-00066907-00067205": "are like then you've three main apps readers you", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00115-00067205-00067574": "would use to describe that person you don't have to show to anybody and I", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00116-00067574-00068008": "don't think about what might be happening to you because of that because", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00117-00068008-00068738": "you will absorb their attitude over time you will do it it's inevitable and birds", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00118-00068738-00069283": "of a feather flock together so yeah just do the exercise comment", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00119-00069283-00069656": "below and I would really really be interested to hear what you have to say", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00120-00069656-00070223": "and of course I'm gonna pick me loads of blocks on there to help you be", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00121-00070223-00070760": "beyond herself and obviously can reach out to me there is a contact page if you", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00122-00070760-00071726": "want me to do and you know a blog or a video on something in particular and you", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00123-00071726-00072070": "know we're always on Facebook as well pip Wheatley come again and that's", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00124-00072070-00072601": "probably the best place to be we'll put I like I put something on there pretty", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00125-00072601-00073079": "much every day and whether it's something fun so the humorous so to get", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00126-00073079-00073505": "you thinking even just a beautiful picture and it's where I let you guys", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00127-00073505-00073961": "all know about the the releases you know try to YouTube video every week I'll put", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00128-00073961-00074356": "it the notice on there try to do a blog every week I put the notice on there so", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00129-00074356-00074963": "trying if you again for that you're be kept up to date no problems so if you", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00130-00074963-00075230": "happy to come on board it'll be again really interested to hear", "2pJ0nZD8qdk-00131-00075230-00075811": "what you have to say and until next time you take care bye now"}}, {"audio_id": "2pMbUxpRiC0", "text": {"2pMbUxpRiC0-00000-00001516-00002004": "Its Halloween Night Not a soul in sight", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00001-00002064-00002504": "I hear Footsteps Whos that coming?", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00002-00002560-00003040": "I see a ghost! Oh no!!!", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00003-00003080-00003536": "I see a ghost! Run!!!", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00004-00003588-00004128": "I see a ghost! Hahahahaha!", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00005-00004504-00004926": "Its Halloween Night Not a soul in sight", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00006-00005082-00005616": "I hear Footsteps Whos that coming?", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00007-00005660-00006114": "I see a zombie! Oh no!!!", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00008-00006164-00006628": "I see a zombie! Look Out!", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00009-00006684-00007200": "I see a zombie! Hahahahaha!", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00010-00007668-00008198": "Its Halloween Night Not a soul in sight", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00011-00008262-00008724": "I hear Footsteps Whos that coming?", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00012-00008756-00009200": "I see a vampire! Oh no!!!", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00013-00009252-00009710": "I see a vampire! Run!", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00014-00009754-00010272": "I see a vampire! Hahahahaha!", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00015-00010760-00011216": "Its Halloween Night Not a soul in sight", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00016-00011288-00011792": "I hear Footsteps Whos that coming?", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00017-00011836-00012256": "I see a witch! Oh no!!!", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00018-00012338-00012804": "I see a witch! Save me!", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00019-00012858-00013390": "I see a witch! Hahahahaha!", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00020-00013824-00014384": "Its Halloween Night Not a soul in sight", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00021-00014416-00014872": "I hear Footsteps Whos that coming?", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00022-00014913-00015404": "I see a skeleton! Oh no!!!", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00023-00015441-00015888": "I see a skeleton! Hide!!!", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00024-00015947-00016508": "I see a skeleton! Hahahahaha!", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00025-00019718-00020194": "Its Halloween Night Not a soul in sight", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00026-00020248-00020720": "I hear Footsteps Whos that coming?", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00027-00020772-00021266": "I see a ghost! Oh no!!!", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00028-00021330-00021774": "I see a ghost! Run!!!", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00029-00021824-00022384": "I see a ghost! Hahahahaha!", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00030-00022814-00023324": "Its Halloween Night Not a soul in sight", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00031-00023380-00023848": "I hear Footsteps Whos that coming?", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00032-00023902-00024338": "I see a zombie! Oh no!!!", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00033-00024382-00024884": "I see a zombie! Look Out!", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00034-00024930-00025448": "I see a zombie! Hahahahaha!", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00035-00025868-00026392": "Its Halloween Night Not a soul in sight", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00036-00026439-00026918": "I hear Footsteps Whos that coming?", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00037-00026966-00027432": "I see a vampire! Oh no!!!", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00038-00027477-00027954": "I see a vampire! Run!!!", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00039-00028002-00028576": "I see a vampire! Hahahahaha!", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00040-00028972-00029506": "Its Halloween Night Not a soul in sight", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00041-00029550-00030014": "I hear Footsteps Whos that coming?", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00042-00030060-00030510": "I see a witch! Oh no!!!", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00043-00030558-00031044": "I see a witch! Save me!", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00044-00031094-00031639": "I see a witch! Hahahahaha!", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00045-00032052-00032582": "Its Halloween Night Not a soul in sight", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00046-00032620-00033126": "I hear Footsteps Whos that coming?", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00047-00033158-00033612": "I see a skeleton! Oh no!!!", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00048-00033660-00034148": "I see a skeleton! Hide!!!", "2pMbUxpRiC0-00049-00034198-00034772": "I see a skeleton! Hahahahaha!"}}, {"audio_id": "2O8sKg-DmdE", "text": {"2O8sKg-DmdE-00000-00000014-00000423": "thank you all for coming this afternoon to this very important community", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00001-00000423-00000858": "conversation Sonoma County across our nation we've had a series of very", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00002-00000858-00001226": "challenging community discussions and what you see behind me is a", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00003-00001226-00001659": "representation about what our community looks like and how together we are", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00004-00001659-00002190": "having this conversation so I'd like to first do is welcome and let everyone", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00005-00002190-00002686": "here know who is behind me that will be participating in today's conversation", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00006-00002686-00003182": "first Congressman Mike Thompson we have Sonoma County Supervisor and", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00007-00003182-00003626": "Chair of the Board of Supervisors Susan Gorin Sonoma County Sheriff Mark Essick", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00008-00003627-00004196": "and then every Mayor from every city in Sonoma County Cloverdale Mayor Gus", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00009-00004196-00004805": "Walter Cloverdale Chief of Police Jason Ferguson Cotati Mayor Wendy Skillman", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00010-00004805-00005371": "Cotati Chief of Police Mike Parish Healdsburg Mayor Leah Gold", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00011-00005371-00006009": "Healdsburg Chief of Police Kevin Burke Petaluma Mayor Teresa Barrett Petaluma", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00012-00006009-00006609": "Chief of Police Ken Savano Rohnert Park Mayor Joseph T Callinan Rohnert Park", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00013-00006609-00006963": "Chief of Police Timothy Mattis myself I'm Tom Schwedhelm", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00014-00006963-00007275": "the Mayor of the City of Santa Rosa Santa Rosa Chief of Police", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00015-00007275-00008009": "Ray Navarro Sebastopol Mayor Patrick Slater Sonoma Mayor Logan Harvey Sonoma", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00016-00008009-00008421": "Chief of Police Orlando Rodriguez Windsor Mayor Dominic", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00017-00008421-00008967": "Foppoli Windsor Chief of Police Ruben Martinez Sonoma County Junior", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00018-00008967-00009336": "College District Chief Robert Brownlee and we had several Vice Mayors", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00019-00009336-00009740": "throughout Sonoma County they're able to join us including Santa Rosa Vice Mayor", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00020-00009740-00010299": "Victoria Fleming Healdsburg Vice Mayor Evelyn Mitchell Rohnert Park Vice Mayor", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00021-00010299-00010911": "Jake Mackenzie Windsor Vice Mayor Nestor Lemos and Cloverdale Vice Mayor Jason", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00022-00010911-00011156": "Turner", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00023-00011254-00011635": "there'll be a number of speakers here today and I'm sure much of the screen of", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00024-00011635-00011917": "many of you not all of us will be talking and so the order will be", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00025-00011917-00012316": "Congressman Thompson then Sonoma County Board of Supervisors Chair Susan Gorin", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00026-00012316-00012718": "then the president of the Sonoma County Mayors and Council Members Association", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00027-00012718-00013021": "Dominic Foppoli will be making some comments then I'll be making some", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00028-00013021-00013453": "comments Sonoma County NAACP Chapter President Ruben Scott will be", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00029-00013453-00013855": "making some comments and then Petaluma Chief Ken Savano who is the current", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00030-00013855-00014172": "president of the Sonoma County law Enforcement Chiefs Association will be", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00031-00014172-00014578": "making some comments we will then open it up to questions from the media", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00032-00014578-00014966": "so with that Mr. Thompson", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00033-00016098-00016687": "Mayor thank you very much and thank you for inviting me to participate in in", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00034-00016687-00017173": "your press conference today and I want to thank everyone from Sonoma County for", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00035-00017173-00017701": "the outstanding job that they've done you know the last two weeks has shaken", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00036-00017701-00018479": "us all to the core for many of us it's a heavy reminder that the violence and the", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00037-00018479-00019004": "discrimination that black Americans and people of color face every single day", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00038-00019004-00019631": "and for the rest of us it's a real wake-up call it's a stark reminder that", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00039-00019631-00020287": "we need to do a much better job a peaceful protests here in Sonoma County", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00040-00020287-00020912": "and across our nation must continue to happen they must be allowed to continue", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00041-00020912-00021587": "to happen free speech is everyone's constitutional right but remember they", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00042-00021587-00022282": "need to be peaceful protests without violence violence will do nothing to", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00043-00022282-00022754": "help the effort that is underway right now I want you to know that", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00044-00022754-00023378": "congressional action is on the way before areas of reform that Congress is", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00045-00023378-00024004": "looking at to hold police accountable through our court system to better", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00046-00024004-00024578": "collect data that will provide transparency about misconduct to ensure", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00047-00024578-00025087": "that if there's an officer that's relieved from duty one place because of", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00048-00025087-00025645": "misconduct they're not going to sneak in the back door somewhere else to improve", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00049-00025645-00026257": "training that will address bias and aggressive tactics and to criminalize", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00050-00026257-00026975": "lynching at the federal level think about that it's 2020 and we still", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00051-00026975-00027449": "haven't done that it's it's it's it's shameful now today as you know the house", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00052-00027449-00028063": "to do held hearings on the bill that's coming out of the house", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00053-00028063-00028618": "we're gonna have a vote on that bill this month it's a critical step forward", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00054-00028618-00029380": "and it's just the start of our work ahead we can all and we must all do a", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00055-00029380-00029782": "better job our goal in all of this is to provide", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00056-00029782-00030450": "better opportunities for everyone in everything from housing education", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00057-00030450-00031105": "justice and civil rights health care and labor and employment we've got a long", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00058-00031105-00031780": "road ahead of us and our fight is for full and fair opportunity for everyone", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00059-00031780-00032626": "we must address the systemic racism and discrimination in our country we will", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00060-00032626-00033292": "will do it together and we will succeed smile honor to introduce the chair of", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00061-00033292-00033606": "the board Susan Gorin", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00062-00034452-00035053": "thank you good afternoon i am susan gorin chair of", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00063-00035053-00035566": "the board of Sonoma County Board of Supervisors and I it is my honor to", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00064-00035566-00036127": "stand here today with Congressman Mike Thompson and the Mayors of all of our", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00065-00036127-00036670": "cities in Sonoma County as well as all of the law enforcement chiefs throughout", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00066-00036670-00037522": "the county as well I came of age during the turbulent 60s and 70s some of you", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00067-00037522-00038296": "actually might be of that era protest rallies against in justices the war on", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00068-00038296-00038941": "civil the war on the war on poverty civil rights women's rights gay and", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00069-00038941-00039489": "lesbian rights environmental awakening the Vietnam War protests marches", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00070-00039489-00040126": "youthful voices raised in anger and in frustration are common to me and our", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00071-00040126-00040657": "experience and yet the the voices that we've heard in the past couple of weeks", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00072-00040657-00041305": "have shaken me to the core because of the conversation that we've had for a", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00073-00041305-00041944": "century more fighting for an end to discrimination a fight for social", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00074-00041944-00042700": "justice and equity continues and I am here to lend my voice and my solace to", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00075-00042700-00043213": "that fight to those marches to those youthful people who have taken to the", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00076-00043213-00043855": "street peacefully and raising their voices in unison I share the anger and", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00077-00043855-00044302": "frustration over the lives lost the futures lost people of our community the", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00078-00044302-00045040": "contributions that they could have made in the future to recognize and correctly", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00079-00045040-00045618": "and justices I will never know what it's like to live in a brown or a black body", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00080-00045618-00046354": "but as a woman I certainly empathize and understand what it is to feel to be", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00081-00046354-00047074": "powerless to be seen as invisible at times we've been fighting against", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00082-00047074-00047482": "intolerance of all forms of discrimination and yet we're still in", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00083-00047482-00048033": "this conversation today I pledge to you that the Board of Supervisors is", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00084-00048033-00048858": "recognizing how we need to end our voices and work together with all of you", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00085-00048858-00049549": "today we had our budget conversations and we agreed to support a new position", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00086-00049549-00050259": "for the county an equity officer an office of equity that would examine all", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00087-00050259-00050752": "forms of discrimination by this county and the community and work to seek", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00088-00050752-00051427": "redress and a change of how we perceive what we're doing in all kinds of", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00089-00051427-00052090": "disparities in Sonoma County on June 23rd as chair of the Board of", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00090-00052090-00052554": "Supervisors I will be announcing the formation of an ad hoc committee to", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00091-00052554-00053191": "explore a strengthening of the IOLERO ordinance and the Evelyn Cheatham", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00092-00053191-00053590": "ordinance has been proposed let's examine that let's figure out what is", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00093-00053590-00054187": "relevant how to move forward and I do this in collaboration with the executive", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00094-00054187-00054841": "director of our IOLERO Carly Navarro and our sheriff Mark Essick I", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00095-00054841-00055702": "think we now is the time to work together to change what we are doing how", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00096-00055702-00056247": "we are working as a community and create a much better and a just", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00097-00056247-00056797": "community and County for all of us thank you", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00098-00056797-00057002": "you", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00099-00058195-00058811": "hi I'm Dominic Foppoli mayor of Windsor and current chair head of the mayors and", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00100-00058811-00059329": "Council Members Association so first of all I want to start off by saying that", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00101-00059329-00059783": "all nine of us Mayor's have been meeting weekly actually oftentimes more than", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00102-00059783-00060257": "weekly with trying to address all of the issues but especially this current issue", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00103-00060257-00061088": "and we are in absolute solidarity with our community we also want to support we", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00104-00061088-00061490": "value encourage and actually for a lot of us we've been participating in", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00105-00061490-00062191": "peaceful protests and showing our our support for a movement that I can't", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00106-00062191-00062617": "believe that we're still having to deal with in this modern day society so all", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00107-00062617-00063119": "nine of the Mayors in Sonoma County have joined in signing a pledge so we've", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00108-00063119-00063488": "pledged that we will review our police use of force policies we're going to", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00109-00063488-00063860": "engage our communities by including a diverse range of a range of input", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00110-00063860-00064298": "experiences and stories in the review we're gonna report the findings to of our", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00111-00064298-00064660": "review to our community and we'll seek feedback and finally when necessary", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00112-00064660-00065276": "we're all committed to reforming law enforcement policies I want to kind of", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00113-00065276-00065858": "finish the saying that a message to all of our residents we're listening to you", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00114-00065858-00066443": "we support you and we want to hear from you so I would ask that each and every", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00115-00066443-00066776": "one of you reached out to us reach out to your Mayors reach out to your City", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00116-00066776-00067294": "Councils get engaged and work with us on making our society a better place", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00117-00067294-00067924": "thank you I'm going to turn it over to my colleague Mayor Tom Schwedhelm", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00118-00069027-00069589": "Thank You Dominic I also missed one attendee here was behind us also Steven", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00119-00069589-00069946": "Bussell from the Santa Rosa Police Department he is the current president", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00120-00069946-00070252": "of the center was a police officer Association so Thank You Stephen for", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00121-00070252-00070675": "joining us here this afternoon as a Mayor of the City of Santa Rosa it's my", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00122-00070675-00071233": "duty to serve every resident in the city of Santa Rosa I stand by here today", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00123-00071233-00071635": "united with representatives elected by their communities and the Chiefs of", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00124-00071635-00071947": "Police who serve and protect those communities we're all committed to", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00125-00071947-00072388": "meaningful changes in policing and is our responsibility as community leaders", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00126-00072388-00072778": "to reflect and evaluate the changes that need to be made to ensure that our", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00127-00072778-00073192": "community members feel like they are treated equally you feel safe to call", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00128-00073192-00073642": "law enforcement when they need help we need to make swift and thoughtful", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00129-00073642-00074083": "changes to our police policies and we need to create an environment for", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00130-00074083-00074596": "productive community dialogue because each each of our cities are unique so", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00131-00074596-00074872": "too will be our processes for working within each of our respective", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00132-00074872-00075220": "communities so I want to share with you some of the steps that we're doing in", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00133-00075220-00075673": "Santa Rosa we have formulated what that plan that looks like and we're taking", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00134-00075673-00076045": "steps to make policy change yesterday Santa Rosa Police Chief Ray Navarro", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00135-00076045-00076441": "announced the department will no longer use the carotid restraint as a", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00136-00076441-00076867": "use-of-force option I'm pleased with Police Department's decision to end this", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00137-00076867-00077262": "use of force technique in alignment with the state's most recent recommendations", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00138-00077262-00077740": "we also announced Santa Rosa's community empowerment plan the City's plan to", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00139-00077740-00078073": "address Santa Rosa Police Department policies and practices through a", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00140-00078073-00078601": "strategic process guided guided with community input it is our hope that this", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00141-00078601-00078919": "plan will strengthen community relationships and Trust in the city of", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00142-00078919-00079360": "Santa Rosa including the police department it is additionally I'm", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00143-00079360-00079762": "establishing a new public safety subcommittee of the Santa Rosa City", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00144-00079762-00080170": "Council this new public safety subcommittee will be charged with", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00145-00080170-00080644": "reviewing public safety issues annual reports and after-action reports for", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00146-00080644-00081127": "police fire and emergency services I will make the announcement at next", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00147-00081127-00081556": "Tuesday's council meeting as to who will be on that committee this committee will", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00148-00081556-00081910": "also be responsible for reviewing Santa Rosa's public safety policies and", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00149-00081910-00082313": "procedures and the Independent Police Auditor function", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00150-00082313-00082910": "I'm here we are all here today because we care we see our communities are", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00151-00082910-00083351": "outraged we see we hear you and we understand that changes need to take", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00152-00083351-00083804": "place we want change too so let's work together to create meaningful change in", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00153-00083804-00084362": "our communities and local government I would like to also now introduce Ruben", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00154-00084362-00084809": "Scott who I recently had a conversation probably bout a week ago and Chief", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00155-00084809-00085322": "Navarro and I met with Mr. Scott and other representatives at the Sonoma", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00156-00085322-00085691": "County Santa Rosa Community Baptist Church with Reverend Lee Turner so I'd", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00157-00085691-00086150": "invite Mr. Scott here to share some words about what we were planning on", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00158-00086150-00086504": "doing how he wants to be engaged in the Santa Rosa community engagement process", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00159-00087010-00088024": "I want to say thank you for inviting me this isn't the first time that we", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00160-00088024-00088348": "actually been in communication have been working together I think this was the", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00161-00088348-00088894": "time that allowed us to understand that it's more important than before since", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00162-00088894-00089347": "2013 I have been working with the City and I have been working with Police", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00163-00089347-00089836": "Department Park and Rec and trying to create and develop cultural social", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00164-00089836-00090223": "activities ways to clean up our community ways that we can come together", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00165-00090223-00090888": "and this when this happened a lot of us and our black community were stuck", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00166-00090888-00091231": "inside due to Covid when we were looking at what was going on our community and", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00167-00091231-00091561": "wanted to have a change and what we were talking about the dialogue I received a", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00168-00091561-00092038": "call from our Mayor Tom which said hey I'm going through the same thing you're", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00169-00092038-00092475": "going through let's get together so we went ahead and gathered many leaders a", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00170-00092475-00092923": "large black leaders from Sonoma County we created demands we thought our demands", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00171-00092923-00093450": "would be something that he would not be interested in him where the Chief of", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00172-00093450-00093922": "Police wouldn't be interested in hearing but they did we sat down he heard our", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00173-00093922-00094395": "he heard our expressions he heard our frustration or our anxiety he heard us", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00174-00094395-00094756": "being scared I was being fearful but then he also heard that we wanted to", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00175-00094756-00095275": "develop with them our community so we can go forward together in a cohesive", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00176-00095275-00095832": "manner and with that they were all game for it so I want to say we're not only", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00177-00095832-00096195": "having dialogue now but we're gonna continue dialogue in the future we're", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00178-00096195-00096499": "gonna try to have meetings once a month come up with positive resolutions that", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00179-00096499-00097012": "we all can agree on that move forward together in so I want to say thank you I", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00180-00097012-00097458": "want to say thank you to our our police chief Ray Navarro", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00181-00097458-00097800": "he has been an inspiration throughout this whole time he understands what", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00182-00097800-00098175": "we're going through he sees what we're going through and he feels what we're", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00183-00098175-00098860": "going through so at this point in time since we expressed that we're tired but", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00184-00098860-00099373": "we want to move together strategically together they expressed we understand", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00185-00099373-00099765": "and so together I'm hoping that we could all come to", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00186-00099765-00100221": "more resolutions in the future than just today and move together forward in the", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00187-00100221-00100740": "future so I want to thank you for all the outreach that this team behind us", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00188-00100740-00101190": "exacts he had for our community and then I want to introduce the Chief of Chief", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00189-00101190-00101752": "of Police for Petaluma Ken Savano", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00190-00102638-00103224": "thank you good afternoon", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00191-00103224-00103588": "Ken Savano Chief of Police for the City of Petaluma proudly serving", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00192-00103588-00103972": "alongside my fellow law enforcement leaders as the president of the Sonoma", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00193-00103972-00104295": "County Law Enforcement Chiefs Association I would like to acknowledge", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00194-00104295-00104631": "all of the elected officials that are here today along with the community", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00195-00104631-00105100": "members and guests specifically Congressman Thompson for your continued", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00196-00105100-00105465": "support of the men and women who serve our communities with professionalism", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00197-00105465-00106045": "especially right now unfortunately the events that bring us together today are", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00198-00106045-00106525": "not new to our profession or its history just as much as the reality of", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00199-00106525-00106996": "inequality is not new to this great nation law and order cannot exist", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00200-00106996-00107494": "without neutrality as law enforcement officers we must always maintain a", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00201-00107494-00107998": "relationship with the public that gives reality to the historic tradition that", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00202-00107998-00108483": "the police are the public and the public are the police and that we're only paid", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00203-00108483-00108919": "to give full-time attention to the duties which are incumbent upon everyone", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00204-00108919-00109455": "and the interest of community welfare in existence this basic community policing", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00205-00109455-00109990": "principle reinforces that we are all in this together it also states clearly", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00206-00109990-00110632": "that we are you and like you we stand here with you today frustrated angry and", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00207-00110632-00111267": "heartbroken that our intended mission of peace and safety is not felt by everyone", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00208-00111267-00111861": "that we serve I have not spoken to a single police officer that does not feel", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00209-00111861-00112426": "the same way as we turn our emotions in to change I want to assure you that each", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00210-00112426-00112902": "of us and all that who we command are committed to giving every one voice", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00211-00112902-00113428": "being neutral treating everyone with dignity and respect and being", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00212-00113428-00113778": "trustworthy and having the goodwill of our community and mind before ourselves", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00213-00113778-00114195": "as law enforcement leaders we are committed to reviewing our policies", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00214-00114195-00114814": "engaging our communities in dialogue listening and making meaningful changes", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00215-00114814-00115191": "to policies and practices that will prevent these situations from happening", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00216-00115191-00115783": "as we leave here today let this be the beginning a positive and peaceful", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00217-00115783-00116395": "community dialogue in whatever format or venue we can arrange whether it's a", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00218-00116395-00116736": "simple coffee with a cop or a neighborhood or citywide town hall", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00219-00116736-00117219": "meeting let today be the first of many so that we can listen to those we serve", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00220-00117219-00117799": "find common ground moving forward to support our communities and our public", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00221-00117799-00118164": "servants in their mission to create communities where everyone feels", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00222-00118164-00118803": "equality safety and peace while at the same time experiencing the highest level", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00223-00118803-00119857": "of trust and confidence and those who serve them thank you and I'll turn it", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00224-00119857-00120236": "over to a Mayor Schwedhelm again thank you", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00225-00121398-00121794": "so at this point we'll open it up for questions so I'd ask if you have a", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00226-00121794-00122253": "question please share with me who the question is for and then whoever will", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00227-00122253-00122598": "step up to mic repeat the question and please answer it so are there any", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00228-00122598-00123104": "questions for any of the folks before you", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00229-00123933-00124457": "so much alone second just with this save social distancing let me back out and", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00230-00124457-00124838": "let Mr. Scott step forward and Ruben if you could repeat the question when she", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00231-00124838-00125092": "asks it thank you", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00232-00128274-00128863": "what would be some potential reforms that I would like the City to adopt that", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00233-00128863-00129379": "is a great question I would have to pull out my emails because once again I", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00234-00129379-00129793": "didn't speak for myself I spoke for a lot of people in the community so is", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00235-00129793-00130428": "there a way I can email you that yeah that's not a good idea", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00236-00130623-00131263": "generally what we talked about is a way to look at diverting some calls to the", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00237-00131263-00131878": "police department and try to focus or allocate those funds into mental health", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00238-00131878-00132475": "services for people of color we talked about creating a resolution platform so", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00239-00132475-00132907": "that way the mayor's have a open line of communication from the community and", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00240-00132907-00133276": "once a month organizations can create resolutions and submit them to the mayor", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00241-00133276-00133645": "that way the mayor can have a open platform and to understand what's going", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00242-00133645-00134095": "on in this community and that people can feel like maybe they're invested in", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00243-00134095-00134449": "making change and entitled to say something so that way a change can", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00244-00134449-00135034": "possibly happen we looked at a parking rec centers in each district what we", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00245-00135034-00135445": "spoke these are things that we spoken on as far as demands to them and hoping", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00246-00135445-00136042": "that if we have park and rec centers we can create cultural diversity and", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00247-00136042-00136468": "ethnical training there and then we can create resolutions there and ways that", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00248-00136468-00137032": "we can divert some negative feelings and attentions towards the local government", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00249-00137032-00137509": "and try to have places that will be that can deal with those you know", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00250-00137509-00137842": "frustrations and anxieties in a therapeutic manner so there was a lot of", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00251-00137842-00138307": "things on the table that we talked about that's why I said it'll be difficult for", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00252-00138307-00138885": "me to kind of just it's great sounds good", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00253-00139157-00139610": "any other questions for anyone", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00254-00140199-00140634": "alright not seeing any I appreciate everyone's attendance here folks we'll", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00255-00140634-00141014": "be here for a while if you want to do some one-on-one conversations but thank", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00256-00141014-00143429": "you all for attending this and I hope that you okay well I'm assuming that", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00257-00143429-00144053": "your reporter knows that the house in this Congress the House passed an", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00258-00144053-00144513": "anti-lynching bill and it sent it over to the Senate and it's been held up in", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00259-00144513-00145016": "the Senate not unlike a lot of other legislation and it's been held up by one", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00260-00145016-00145611": "person Senator Rand Paul from Kentucky the legislation that we will be sending", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00261-00145611-00146196": "forward that was heard in the committee today will also include an anti anti", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00262-00146196-00147005": "lynching provision and I'll just add to that I think it looks very positive for", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00263-00147005-00147357": "the passage of this legislation and there doesn't seem to be any major", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00264-00147357-00148176": "pushback by any of the congressional entities so what everybody recognizes", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00265-00148176-00148920": "something has to be done and I believe that the anti-lynching bill will pass as", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00266-00148920-00149495": "part of the package that we negotiate and pass", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00267-00151658-00152051": "it's a problem with wearing earrings and a mask you've got a caught up all the", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00268-00152051-00152522": "time to look like Oh for that very reason I'm so glad to hear that", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00269-00152522-00153044": "as you know we went through a very traumatic episode of the loss of Andy", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00270-00153044-00153650": "Lopez on the streets officer-involved shooting and it took a lot of thoughtful", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00271-00153650-00154042": "community members to come together over 18 months to make a variety of", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00272-00154042-00154789": "recommendations on how a body should be created that soon became IOLERO the", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00273-00154789-00155488": "Independent Office of Law Enforcement Research and Outreach I believe and and", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00274-00155488-00156161": "most recently a group of community members looked at that ordinance and", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00275-00156161-00156601": "found it wanting it needed to be strengthened so they proposed a", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00276-00156601-00157114": "strengthening of that ordinance to be and they were in the process of", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00277-00157114-00157598": "gathering signatures to put it on the ballot when the co had been pandemic", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00278-00157598-00158183": "interrupted the signature gathering so we decided just today and I will be", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00279-00158183-00158728": "announcing in two weeks the formation of an ad hoc to work with our executive", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00280-00158728-00159277": "director of IOLERO and our sheriff and County Council to review the current", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00281-00159277-00159923": "ordinance to review the Evelyn Cheatham ordinance and to make a recommendation", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00282-00159923-00160457": "to the board on how to strengthen the ordinance and I think more importantly", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00283-00160457-00161072": "rather than just oversight of law enforcement forge or renew a commitment", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00284-00161072-00161479": "between law enforcement and the community on how to work together to", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00285-00161479-00162202": "review use of force policies and other complaints and community concerns that", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00286-00162202-00162816": "they have and I think in Sheriff Essick we have that individual who is ready to", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00287-00162816-00163597": "join with us and to review how we work together to strengthen that relationship", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00288-00164016-00164439": "you see that this office", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00289-00165217-00165821": "yes to all of the above and and is difficult to contemplate additional", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00290-00165821-00166310": "funding for this office but we know that the workload even as a result of the", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00291-00166310-00167009": "protests have increased shockingly so we know that miss Carlene Navarro needs", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00292-00167009-00167408": "additional help perhaps additional attorneys to work through the audit", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00293-00167408-00168044": "process and actually to organize community outreach meetings and to", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00294-00168044-00168671": "answer the voluminous emails that have come to all of our offices recently with", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00295-00168671-00169145": "some legitimate concerns but also as an expression of outrage about their", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00296-00169145-00169679": "ability to protest and and how they move forward we would want everyone to pro to", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00297-00169679-00170471": "to raise their voices but protest safely and not be a part of those folks that", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00298-00170471-00171247": "damaged the community that's not helpful is that answered question", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00299-00171740-00172287": "and that's still in formation we're very excited about this this is part of the", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00300-00172287-00172863": "strategic planning effort that we surfaced in January a group of great", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00301-00172863-00173308": "employees including Silvia Lemos who is here somewhere", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00302-00173308-00173865": "work together to try to understand how the county should be moving forward more", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00303-00173865-00174363": "proactively and addressing some of the equity issues so we knew that that was a", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00304-00174363-00174982": "priority of the board and we articulated today our intent to commit some funding", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00305-00174982-00175573": "to create that position and staffing for the position it's needed not only for", "2O8sKg-DmdE-00306-00175573-00175923": "the county but for the community"}}, {"audio_id": "2O9OWZ9DacA", "text": {"2O9OWZ9DacA-00000-00000000-00000200": "RTX 3070 Ti | Assassin's Creed Valhalla | i9-10850K"}}, {"audio_id": "2P3mZoPMhjk", "text": {"2P3mZoPMhjk-00000-00000100-00000300": "Welcome to our first tutorial of", "2P3mZoPMhjk-00001-00000300-00000500": "for this Fusion360 series.", "2P3mZoPMhjk-00002-00000500-00000700": "Today we are going to start out with the first", "2P3mZoPMhjk-00003-00000700-00000900": "first step to make any part, which is", "2P3mZoPMhjk-00004-00000900-00001076": "which is to start a sketch.", "2P3mZoPMhjk-00005-00001133-00001407": "You start out in the design tab on your ribbon", "2P3mZoPMhjk-00006-00001411-00001565": "You click your sketch tool. [Circled by the mouse cursor]", "2P3mZoPMhjk-00007-00001610-00001810": "You click the plane you would like to sketch to", "2P3mZoPMhjk-00008-00001901-00002110": "Now, you pick the drawing tool you'd need", "2P3mZoPMhjk-00009-00002224-00002324": "and you're good to go", "2P3mZoPMhjk-00010-00002324-00002510": "A bonus, you can set the dimension", "2P3mZoPMhjk-00011-00002522-00002627": "From the dimension tool [Circled by the mouse cursor]", "2P3mZoPMhjk-00012-00002696-00002928": "And now you have finished drawing and are ready to go"}}, {"audio_id": "2Q0lb62O1bu", "text": {"2Q0lb62O1bu-00000-00000295-00000803": "Hi everyone. When you're ready to get started with this assignment and if", "2Q0lb62O1bu-00001-00000803-00001254": "you're on a computer this is what you want to do. At the bottom of the page,", "2Q0lb62O1bu-00002-00001254-00001901": "select the button that says load my favorite photograph in a new window. In", "2Q0lb62O1bu-00003-00001901-00002490": "a moment, VoiceThread will open and you'll see the title slide of the", "2Q0lb62O1bu-00004-00002490-00003152": "VoiceThread. Now what you want to do from here, is go to the bottom right and", "2Q0lb62O1bu-00005-00003152-00003923": "select the postcard icon. When this opens it might not look like this. If there are", "2Q0lb62O1bu-00006-00003923-00004254": "if there are students who have already loaded their images then you're going to", "2Q0lb62O1bu-00007-00004254-00004607": "see all of those here, okay? So what you're going to want to do is look for", "2Q0lb62O1bu-00008-00004607-00005451": "this plus icon. When you see that click on it and then select the arrow, that's", "2Q0lb62O1bu-00009-00005451-00006164": "the Upload Files icon. From there, you'll want to locate the file that you want to", "2Q0lb62O1bu-00010-00006164-00006927": "upload into the VoiceThread. Once you've found the file, go ahead and click Open", "2Q0lb62O1bu-00011-00006927-00007983": "or Upload and when the photo opens go ahead and click on it. And your next step", "2Q0lb62O1bu-00012-00007983-00008610": "is to leave a voice or a video comment that explains why you love this", "2Q0lb62O1bu-00013-00008610-00009125": "photograph. So to do that, all you need to do is go to the bottom of your screen", "2Q0lb62O1bu-00014-00009125-00009818": "and select that plus icon. That will open the commenting panel. These are the two", "2Q0lb62O1bu-00015-00009818-00010265": "icons you want to look for. This is a voice comment and this one's a video", "2Q0lb62O1bu-00016-00010265-00010842": "comment. So you're going to select one of those and record your comment. Once you", "2Q0lb62O1bu-00017-00010842-00011297": "click record you are going to see  something pop up on your screen that's", "2Q0lb62O1bu-00018-00011297-00011825": "going to ask for your permission to use your microphone and your camera. So go", "2Q0lb62O1bu-00019-00011825-00012542": "ahead and click Allow. You'll see a countdown and then you just", "2Q0lb62O1bu-00020-00012542-00013066": "go ahead and start speaking. So just in, you know, a few sentences tell us about", "2Q0lb62O1bu-00021-00013066-00013345": "this photograph and let me show you something really cool with about VoiceThread", "2Q0lb62O1bu-00022-00013345-00013894": "too. As you're speaking, you can go ahead and click on a pencil that you'll", "2Q0lb62O1bu-00023-00013894-00014323": "see in the bottom of your screen when you're talking and it will actually", "2Q0lb62O1bu-00024-00014323-00014872": "allow you to circle and annotate on the image. If there's anything that you want", "2Q0lb62O1bu-00025-00014872-00016072": "to point out to us. So when you're done you click Stop Recording and click Save", "2Q0lb62O1bu-00026-00016072-00016594": "if you like your comment. If not, you can cancel and do it all over again.", "2Q0lb62O1bu-00027-00016594-00017473": "And your comment will save on the screen in just a moment. When your comment has", "2Q0lb62O1bu-00028-00017473-00018314": "saved, you can click on it to play it back and if at any time you decide you", "2Q0lb62O1bu-00029-00018314-00018670": "don't want that comment there you can always just click on the trash icon to", "2Q0lb62O1bu-00030-00018670-00019195": "delete it and do it again. But don't try to be too perfect, okay? Because we're all", "2Q0lb62O1bu-00031-00019195-00019553": "human and it's not about being perfect it's just about getting to know each", "2Q0lb62O1bu-00032-00019553-00020098": "other. So I look forward to seeing what you share, folks,"}}, {"audio_id": "2Q2ydDyf4k4", "text": {"2Q2ydDyf4k4-00000-00000000-00000200": "RTX 4080 Horizon Zero Dawn Complete Edition"}}, {"audio_id": "2Q5yaRmAACy", "text": {"2Q5yaRmAACy-00000-00000946-00005211": "<a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\"><img alt=\"Creative Commons License\" style=\"border-width:0\"", "2Q5yaRmAACy-00001-00005211-00008521": "src=\"http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png\" /></a><br />This work", "2Q5yaRmAACy-00002-00008521-00010055": "is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>."}}, {"audio_id": "2Q7APA_35Qc", "text": {"2Q7APA_35Qc-00000-00000278-00000620": "My daughter wasn't the first one that lake turned into a spacer.", "2Q7APA_35Qc-00001-00000620-00000990": "There was a wicked auld draw off it always.", "2Q7APA_35Qc-00002-00001000-00001290": "Turned half the place crooked in the head.", "2Q7APA_35Qc-00003-00001290-00001689": "This is Daddy Mannion. I married the man.", "2Q7APA_35Qc-00004-00001870-00002210": "I know yeah. Tell me about it.", "2Q7APA_35Qc-00005-00002230-00002560": "Martin Mannion, the younger of", "2Q7APA_35Qc-00006-00002560-00002740": "Daddy's two sons by the first ole bat.", "2Q7APA_35Qc-00007-00002750-00002930": "God rest her.", "2Q7APA_35Qc-00008-00002940-00003300": "Poor Martin wasn't setting the world on fire.", "2Q7APA_35Qc-00009-00003700-00004112": "The older son was my true love. Doggy Mannion.", "2Q7APA_35Qc-00011-00004716-00005020": "And he believes in first love.", "2Q7APA_35Qc-00012-00005082-00005300": "The Mannions owned and ran this place always.", "2Q7APA_35Qc-00013-00005400-00005600": "Kept it in the family", "2Q7APA_35Qc-00014-00006300-00006436": "The last thing this place needs", "2Q7APA_35Qc-00015-00006436-00006700": "is another lunatic with his head gone quare.", "2Q7APA_35Qc-00016-00006800-00007100": "There's lies being told to me. Someone needs to f*ckin bleed for it", "2Q7APA_35Qc-00017-00007700-00008100": "You must be the only eejit in the North-West region that couldn't make a go of a tan shop.", "2Q7APA_35Qc-00018-00008100-00008450": "And the c*nts out there screaming for a bitta colour on their faces.", "2Q7APA_35Qc-00019-00009949-00010200": "We were a respectable people at one time.", "2Q7APA_35Qc-00020-00010300-00010600": "Martin. You're a fucking half-wit."}}, {"audio_id": "2QGzcTs9LmE", "text": {"2QGzcTs9LmE-00000-00001489-00001982": "can I see a show of hands how many of you have seen this and been frustrated", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00001-00001982-00002459": "and then been stuck to a wall waiting for your batteries to charge up and then", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00002-00002459-00002777": "eventually the battery's dying you have to throw them away or replace them how", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00003-00002777-00002993": "inconvenient how wasteful", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00004-00002993-00003411": "electronic devices are shrinking in size and this is why you can put a computer", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00005-00003411-00003822": "in your pocket the power requirements are shrinking as well and so the", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00006-00003822-00004165": "question that we're trying to answer in my lab at the University of Cambridge is", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00007-00004165-00004594": "can we design a power plant that also fits in your pocket that can produce", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00008-00004594-00005085": "power on the goal that's convenient and accessible and it's a very relevant", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00009-00005085-00005537": "question because there are many devices these days for example wireless sensors", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00010-00005537-00005891": "which connect everyday objects which would which report on vital physical", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00011-00005891-00006307": "parameters and these can be used for early fault detection systems for", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00012-00006307-00006708": "healthcare monitoring for smart and efficient lighting and so how do we", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00013-00006708-00007181": "powered these a lot of these sensors are going to be implantable or they'll be", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00014-00007181-00007597": "embedded and they will most definitely be small you'd want to have as many of", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00015-00007597-00008006": "these in the environment to make an efficient network in order for this to", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00016-00008006-00008542": "work properly so wouldn't it be great if these devices could run by themselves", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00017-00008542-00008900": "but it'll be great if they could be somehow self-powered but we know that", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00018-00008900-00009345": "energy cannot be created or for that matter destroyed but it can be converted", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00019-00009345-00009829": "from one form to another and so the question is can be sensors run by", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00020-00009829-00010154": "themselves are using the energy that's available in their natural environment", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00021-00010154-00010507": "and so what kind of energy with the speed for example agree the Sun but this", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00022-00010507-00010892": "is not always convenient or accessible it could be waste heat but then you", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00023-00010892-00011204": "would need massive temperature changes for this to work efficiently as of now", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00024-00011204-00011660": "and if you stop to think about it you'd actually realized that you can't stop", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00025-00011660-00012136": "that is our bodies are a constant source of mechanical energy be through what he", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00026-00012136-00012570": "breathing or the blood flowing there plenty of sources of vibration in nature", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00027-00012570-00013003": "that we can tap into and so this enormous amount of mechanical injury", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00028-00013003-00013351": "that's available to us if if we could use this two part of the sensors that", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00029-00013351-00013776": "work in them that would be great and how can we do this by virtue of their", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00030-00013776-00014093": "crystal structure our kids electric which means they can enter convert", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00031-00014093-00014416": "mechanical and electrical energy essentially few screens", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00032-00014416-00014805": "produce electricity this is what you have in gas lighters and Indian", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00033-00014805-00015182": "microphones and pathologic NGOs have been known for more than a century and", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00034-00015182-00015658": "vibrations have been around for ever so the question is why now why is it", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00035-00015658-00015971": "interesting how well it turns out they're really unique stage in the", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00036-00015971-00016375": "evolution of modern electronics with a power consumption devices have reduced", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00037-00016375-00016708": "to such an extent that it is not feasible to power them from ambient", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00038-00016708-00016964": "vibrations and in order to do this", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00039-00016964-00017342": "electric generators can convert vibrations that are typically small into", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00040-00017342-00017888": "use electrical energy now the research and managers has been traditionally been", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00041-00017888-00018356": "in literature ceramic teenager and his their brittle and prone to mechanical", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00042-00018356-00018769": "failure which is no good we are more interested in electric polymers which", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00043-00018769-00019077": "are poorer counterparts in terms of their protector performance when", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00044-00019077-00019459": "compared to the AMEX but their flexibility robust and so we have a few", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00045-00019459-00019828": "tricks up our sleeves first we work with nanomaterials and this is because on", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00046-00019828-00020162": "these length scales the peak electric properties can be significantly enhanced", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00047-00020162-00020869": "also being humble means that they would most likely satisfy our requirement for", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00048-00020869-00021286": "putting into your pockets however the trouble with anything 90 is finding a", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00049-00021286-00021764": "reproducible way of making lots of it until we are interested in scalable", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00050-00021764-00022076": "nanofabrication techniques and we demonstrated one of these when we made a", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00051-00022076-00022581": "banana generator based on electrical wires which friend tapped could produce", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00052-00022581-00023029": "enough energy to light of an LED which is great but we want to do better as", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00053-00023029-00023395": "much you'll find this we are constantly looking for ways by which we can design", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00054-00023395-00023911": "materials to suit specific needs and we want to show that has superior energy", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00055-00023911-00024291": "harvesting performance but which will not break up in the process and so do", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00056-00024291-00024747": "this we combine ceramics and polymers to maybe hybrid nanocomposite materials", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00057-00024747-00025262": "which combines the best of both worlds and looking further we need to keep an", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00058-00025262-00025585": "eye out for the environment because a lot of the best views election materials", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00059-00025585-00025948": "contained led or other heavy metals in which working to avoid until we turn to", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00060-00025948-00026466": "major to look for biological forms of music until such as Boerner said you", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00061-00026466-00026764": "listen in coming up with ways by which these can be integrated into these", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00062-00026764-00026819": "manager", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00063-00026819-00027208": "we also look at other ways by which we can enhance the performance of these", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00064-00027208-00027545": "materials by making them more sponge-like so that he can get more", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00065-00027545-00027889": "strain you can squish them more easily and we do this by making these", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00066-00027889-00028342": "support structures in this year's election rules so in conclusion I hope", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00067-00028342-00028823": "I've been able to show you how we hope to achieve our goal of self-powered fit", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00068-00028823-00029344": "and forget devices and and I hope you been able to see how this affects the", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00069-00029344-00029510": "bigger energy problem", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00070-00029510-00029956": "electric generators can revolutionize the wearable technology industry", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00071-00029956-00030557": "healthcare monetary smart infrastructure at the very least I hope they inspire us", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00072-00030557-00030952": "all to lead more active lifestyles so that we can keep our beloved gadgets are", "2QGzcTs9LmE-00073-00030952-00031087": "running thank you very much"}}, {"audio_id": "2QbUSxG-3Nk", "text": {"2QbUSxG-3Nk-00000-00000898-00001183": "Exporting your class out of Angel is fairly straight forward.", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00001-00001432-00002414": "If you go up to the manage tab, click on the manage tab, you can   then go over to the export console located under the data management menu.", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00002-00002526-00003991": "Once there, we can go up and choose, common cartridge export or angel format. Both   work equally well. For Canvas, the general consensus is to use the angel format.", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00003-00004276-00004979": "Once you do that, choose what pieces of the class you   want to export out and into your new class.", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00004-00005216-00005706": "Once you have chosen the pieces click next.", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00005-00005921-00006396": "It will cue your export on the Angel server to be exported.", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00006-00006518-00007496": "We can then go to the export console and {clicking on   the screen} and wait for that to come up.", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00007-00007589-00008263": "You will noticed that it says that it is being cued and if we want   we can click the details button to see where we are in the process.", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00008-00008426-00008710": "So {the server} has started the process and it   should only take a few more seconds.", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00009-00008799-00010034": "the process can take longer if there is more people waiting in line to do   this. During the school year, for instance fall quarter, this process can take longer.", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00010-00010008-00010453": "It could take thirty minutes or more to be accomplished.", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00011-00010891-00011463": "Once it has been qued up and is all done, you should   see a file name listed here. {points to screen with mouse}", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00012-00011503-00012023": "Every few minutes you may go up and hit the   refresh button until the file name comes up.", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00013-00012109-00012438": "Once you see the file name you can download it.", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00014-00012437-00013262": "Depending on your browser one or two things will happen. I'm going   to go ahead and download this to my desktop.", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00015-00013386-00013791": "So depending on your browser, you would go through   the process of downloading it to your desktop.", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00016-00013879-00014380": "I'm using Google Chrome, so I get my download   bar at the bottom of the screen.", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00017-00014744-00015651": "Once you have exported your class out of Angel, you can go into   your blank classroom in Canvas and import your class in to it.", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00018-00015942-00016924": "We can click on the settings tab on the left hand side of the screen and then   using the button on the right hand side we will say import content into this course.", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00019-00017151-00017805": "When I click that button, it then wants to know   which type of information I want to import in.", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00020-00018000-00018260": "We are going to import a content package from another system.", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00021-00018799-00019348": "We will be migrating from a Angel export zip format   so I am going to choose that option.", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00022-00019485-00020139": "Once I choose that format it will say to choose a zip file to   import.  We are going to go ahead and choose \"choose file\"", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00023-00020344-00020774": "Choose the file off your desktop that you recently put there.", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00024-00020931-00021314": "So you have to remember where you put the   file and what the name of it was.", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00025-00021801-00021960": "Go ahead and import course.", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00026-00022074-00022833": "Now, hopefully, from what I understand, the question   banks should come over in this process.", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00027-00023883-00024244": "It will take a moment as the computer processes that file.", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00028-00024477-00025249": "Once the import is complete has been done, you will get an email   with links to various things you can do with the information.", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00029-00025249-00026097": "You can choose which parts and pieces you want to import in. Another   way to reach {those settings} is to go back to settings.", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00030-00026355-00027732": "Back to import content to this course and click on Import Content Package to the system again.     What you will see is a small line of text that says \"previous migrations for this course.\"", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00031-00027936-00028089": "You can view those migrations.", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00032-00028281-00028664": "You get the same link here.", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00033-00028981-00030767": "You can choose to copy everything or you can choose to copy just certain items. Most of you will probably   want to copy everything. You may want to uncheck copy everything and choose the exams and other items separately", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00034-00031057-00032423": "If we scroll down to the bottom of the page we can also change the date range.  If you change the date range, to   your new class, it will attempt to put things on the calendar in the same order as they were in your original class.", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00035-00032562-00032904": "Then you would have to make fewer adjustments to the date range", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00036-00033188-00033260": "I am going to go ahead and import the course content.", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00037-00033408-00034611": "For a large course, you will notice that it can take awhile for this to work. I'm going to   go ahead and pause for a second and let this run so you don't have to watch it.", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00038-00034708-00035468": "Once your course has been imported in....remember it could take awhile. You will   get an email telling you your course has been imported.", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00039-00035624-00036017": "When you come back into your Canvas classroom, you should   see that your folders have been into modules.", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00040-00036072-00036694": "All your files and everything you chose has now been brought in", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00041-00036694-00037413": "At this point you should be able to move things around   and update your course to fit the Canvas style.", "2QbUSxG-3Nk-00042-00037576-00037657": "That's all there is to it!  Good luck."}}, {"audio_id": "2RhQz-TIPKo", "text": {"2RhQz-TIPKo-00000-00000108-00000385": "Hello and welcome to the next lesson.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00001-00000385-00000765": "In this lesson, we will look at the Pythagorean theorem.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00002-00000765-00001213": "We will consider what one can use it for, and how it is derived.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00003-00001213-00001355": "Let's first imagine:", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00004-00001355-00001891": "We have a right triangle and want to determine sides a, b and c.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00005-00001891-00002599": "We know that we can put a grid over this triangle and then read the length of sides a and b.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00006-00002599-00002943": "So here side a is 3 boxes long,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00007-00002943-00003012": "so 3 centimeters,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00008-00003012-00003227": "and side b is 4 boxes long,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00009-00003227-00003396": "so 4 centimeters.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00010-00003396-00003442": "If we want to know side c now,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00011-00003442-00003609": "that is not so easy,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00012-00003609-00004272": "because it lies diagonally and is not lined up with the boxes like the other sides.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00013-00004272-00004834": "Therefore, here we have to come up with something new to determine side c.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00014-00004834-00005384": "We can now try to combine 3 and 4 centimeters together in some way, for example, by adding.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00015-00005384-00005958": "Then you would have here this long distance 7 cm, but that is much too long compared to side c.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00016-00005958-00006345": "You could also try cutting them in half now and then see:", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00017-00006345-00006503": "It is much shorter than side c.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00018-00006503-00006846": "And you will soon find that by adding the two sides,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00019-00006846-00006949": "or multiplying,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00020-00006949-00007350": "or subtracting them from each other, you can not come to side c.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00021-00007350-00007683": "That means we have to try to find a different method.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00022-00007683-00008132": "And the idea might come to us here is we look back over shapes and areas.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00023-00008132-00008712": "And with the shapes we look at again, we can see the connection between their sides and their area.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00024-00008712-00008876": "If we have a side,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00025-00008876-00009107": "in the example here 1 cm,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00026-00009107-00009984": "we can multiply this side by itself, so 1 times 1, and we get a box.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00027-00009984-00010224": "So we square the side a.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00028-00010224-00010455": "If we now take 2 boxes,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00029-00010455-00010703": "this squared is 2 times 2,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00030-00010703-00011057": "so we get 4 cm², shown here as 4 boxes.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00031-00011057-00011405": "At 3 inches we get 3 by 3, so 9 boxes.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00032-00011405-00011641": "And that goes on forever.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00033-00011641-00012086": "However, imagine we did not know side a,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00034-00012086-00012542": "and someone gives us this 25 cm² as area.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00035-00012542-00013338": "If we want to find the length of the side, then we would calculate the root.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00036-00013338-00013601": "The square root of 25 is 5,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00037-00013601-00013849": "so this side has length 5.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00038-00013849-00014141": "Square root of 36 equals 6,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00039-00014141-00014581": "so this square has a side length of 6.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00040-00014581-00015372": "So the root always gives us the side of a square, that, when multiplied by itself, gives the area", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00041-00015372-00015494": "of the square.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00042-00015494-00015835": "So 6 = root of 36 because 6 times 6 is 36 cm².", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00043-00015835-00016586": "So if we only have the area of the square, we can always figure out the side of this square.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00044-00016686-00016720": "Okay.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00045-00016720-00017224": "Next we have to think about how we can determine the area of a right-angled triangle.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00046-00017224-00017327": "And that is relatively easy.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00047-00017327-00017561": "We just take our triangle here,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00048-00017561-00017662": "duplicate it,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00049-00017662-00017920": "and attach it to this triangle here.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00050-00017920-00018303": "As you can see, we have now created a rectangular area.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00051-00018303-00018732": "And the area of a rectangle is given by side a times side b.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00052-00018732-00019048": "But we do not want the entire area here now,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00053-00019048-00019283": "instead we only want to have half.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00054-00019283-00019987": "And that means we cut it in half, which we can represent mathematically as dividing by 2.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00055-00019987-00020422": "So the triangular area will be a times b divided by 2.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00056-00020422-00020596": "This is our triangle.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00057-00020596-00021362": "And for our example with 3 cm and 4 cm we can now use the area formula here:", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00058-00021362-00021470": "a is 3 cm,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00059-00021470-00021577": "b is 4 cm,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00060-00021577-00021847": "so then we get 3 times 4 = 12.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00061-00021847-00022133": "Then we divide by 2 and square centimeters.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00062-00022133-00022521": "So our rectangle is 12 cm².", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00063-00022521-00022909": "Then our triangle is half of that,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00064-00022909-00023242": "so we get 12 divided by 2 = 6cm².", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00065-00023242-00023837": "Please remember, if we have two of this triangle, then we always have a rectangle.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00066-00023937-00024246": "So what we still need now is the first binomial formula.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00067-00024646-00025518": "We looked at the basics of the first binomial formula and found that if we have a plus b times", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00068-00025518-00025627": "a plus b,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00069-00025627-00025964": "we get a² + 2 times a times b + b².", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00070-00026164-00026556": "And geometrically, that means nothing more than the following area:", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00071-00026556-00026769": "Here we have the a²,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00072-00026769-00027351": "then here we have a rectangle with a times b and here we have a rectangle with a times b,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00073-00027351-00027544": "so we have it twice,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00074-00027544-00027819": "and then we still have the b²,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00075-00027819-00028055": "so in total a² + 2 times a times b + b².", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00076-00028055-00028370": "And here you see, we have side a here and side b here.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00077-00028370-00028935": "This is one side of this shape, and here we also have side a and side b, which is the other side", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00078-00028935-00029021": "of this shape.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00079-00029021-00029266": "That means we have a square here.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00080-00029266-00029579": "One side is a + b, the other side is a + b,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00081-00029579-00029950": "so all sides are the same length and it is a square.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00082-00029950-00030265": "And how does that help us with our triangle?", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00083-00030265-00030509": "Look back at these triangles again.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00084-00030509-00030729": "These triangles have sides of length a, b and c.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00085-00030729-00030917": "And we have just seen,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00086-00030917-00031212": "here the sides are a + b and a + b.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00087-00031212-00031632": "That means we can put these triangles on the outside,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00088-00031632-00031840": "so here is a and here is b,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00089-00031840-00031989": "here is b and here is a,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00090-00031989-00032121": "so now we have a + b.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00091-00032121-00032337": "Now here we also have a and b,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00092-00032337-00033019": "so in order to create a + b on this side, we also need a b, so that in total this side has length", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00093-00033019-00033080": "a + b.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00094-00033080-00033700": "That is, we have now created the same square, only the triangles are arranged differently.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00095-00033700-00034391": "And we can already see here, through this arrangement we have created a c² term.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00096-00034391-00034734": "So in the middle now we have c times c.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00097-00034734-00035033": "And still outside is a + b times a + b.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00098-00035033-00035486": "And here we can see a very important fact.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00099-00035486-00036171": "We cut the triangle out of the white area four times and got c².", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00100-00036171-00036518": "We also have the first binomial formula.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00101-00036518-00037314": "If we cut out the green triangle four times from the entire white area then we get a² + b² here.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00102-00037314-00038036": "That is, we know when we cut out four of these triangles from this white area, the total white area", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00103-00038036-00038182": "is always the same.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00104-00038182-00038501": "So if we arrange the triangles in this way,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00105-00038501-00038747": "we have a² + b² as the remainder,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00106-00038747-00039065": "and if we arrange the triangles in this other way,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00107-00039065-00039352": "we have c² as the remainder.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00108-00039352-00039891": "With this knowledge we can come to the Pythagorean Theorem.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00109-00039891-00040273": "So we write the formula here for this area:", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00110-00040273-00040438": "(a + b) times (a + b).", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00111-00040438-00040946": "And if we solve this now, we can say the following:", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00112-00040946-00041250": "This is the same as the c² here,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00113-00041450-00041495": "and now plus,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00114-00041575-00041630": "one,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00115-00041650-00041655": "two,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00116-00041655-00041717": "three,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00117-00041717-00041784": "four times the triangle's area.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00118-00041784-00042670": "And a triangle's area is a times b divided by 2 and as we see, we have it four times.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00119-00042670-00043083": "So we write here = c² + 4 times (a times b divided by 2),", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00120-00043083-00043459": "And 4 times a times b divided by 2 is 2 times a times b,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00121-00043459-00043690": "which is twice the rectangle's area.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00122-00043690-00043820": "This rectangle here,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00123-00043820-00043974": "and this rectangle here.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00124-00043974-00044097": "For the first case,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00125-00044097-00044279": "with the first binomial formula,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00126-00044379-00045538": "we get the area from the outer sides (a + b) times (a + b), as we can clearly see here, from a² + 2", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00127-00045538-00045819": "times a times b + b².", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00128-00045819-00046336": "And now we can look at our two formulas that are from (a + b) × (a + b) and compare them with each", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00129-00046336-00046373": "other.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00130-00046373-00046893": "That is, we see now, the areas are equal to (a + b) times (a + b) = (a + b) × (a + b),", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00131-00046893-00047221": "and so a² + 2 times a times b + b² = c² + 2 times a times b.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00132-00047221-00048116": "And now we can subtract the two a times b, which is the two rectangles, or the four triangles.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00133-00048116-00048408": "Then all that remains is a² + b² = c².", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00134-00048408-00048901": "So on the left we have the rest of the white area as a² + b²,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00135-00048901-00049338": "and on the right we have the rest of the white area as c².", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00136-00049338-00049553": "The areas are the same size.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00137-00049553-00049945": "They have a different shape, but the same area.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00138-00049945-00050516": "Therefore, this results in a² + b² = c².", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00139-00050516-00051284": "And that is exactly the famous Pythagorean Theorem.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00140-00051284-00051645": "Next let us use this new knowledge.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00141-00051845-00052166": "If the square of a, that is a²,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00142-00052166-00052590": "and the square of b, that is b²,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00143-00052590-00053058": "are added together, then we must get the value c², as we have just seen.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00144-00053058-00053538": "In the example, side a was 3 cm, and side b was 4 cm.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00145-00053538-00053834": "Now we enter the exact values,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00146-00053834-00054179": "so a becomes 3 cm and b becomes 4 cm.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00147-00054179-00054379": "Then we can calculate:", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00148-00054379-00054624": "(3 cm) ² + (4 cm) ² = c²,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00149-00054624-00054823": "9 cm² + 16 cm² = c²,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00150-00054823-00055281": "25 cm² = c², that is, the length of c² is 25 cm².", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00151-00055281-00055999": "Now, as we have seen, we can take the root of both sides to get rid of the square.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00152-00055999-00056332": "Therefore root of 25cm² = c, so 5 cm = c.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00153-00056332-00056807": "We get 5 cm as the side length for c, which is our solution.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00154-00056807-00057243": "Of course, there is also the longer way of calculating c.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00155-00057243-00057723": "We could have set up our two squares, with side lengths of a + b,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00156-00057723-00057832": "that is 4 + 3,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00157-00057832-00058148": "and then we would have gotten 7 × 7, so 49 cm².", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00158-00058148-00058784": "Then we would subtract out the two rectangles that are each 4 by 3,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00159-00058784-00059001": "which is 24 cm² in total,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00160-00059001-00059443": "leaving us with 49 cm² minus 24 cm² = 25cm², which is  a² and b².", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00161-00059443-00059945": "And on the right side we would have subtracted the four triangles from 49cm²,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00162-00059945-00060439": "that would also have been minus 24 cm²", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00163-00060439-00060909": "and we would have gotten 25 cm² for c²,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00164-00060909-00061440": "and then the root of 25 cm² = 5 cm = c.", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00165-00061440-00061529": "So in summary,", "2RhQz-TIPKo-00166-00061529-00062351": "we can say two sides fully determine any right-angled triangle."}}, {"audio_id": "2Shz6YppSmY", "text": {"2Shz6YppSmY-00000-00001016-00001592": "Running out of ideas for a fun-filled date worry no more because we have got some fantastic", "2Shz6YppSmY-00001-00001632-00001927": "date ideas that every type of couple can choose from", "2Shz6YppSmY-00002-00001984-00002321": "Step out of your comfort zone and do something fun", "2Shz6YppSmY-00003-00003247-00003479": "Hello, my name is lauren richards", "2Shz6YppSmY-00004-00003511-00004047": "Welcome to how to make relationship work youtube channel where we give you all the valuable information", "2Shz6YppSmY-00005-00004055-00004327": "You need to take your relationship to the next level", "2Shz6YppSmY-00006-00004389-00004809": "Subscribe and press the notification bell to never miss any of my video", "2Shz6YppSmY-00007-00005952-00006599": "Every couple is different which is why I chose to organize these date ideas based on what each couple is into", "2Shz6YppSmY-00008-00006664-00007183": "Mix match or try them all and no one will ever say you go on boring dates", "2Shz6YppSmY-00009-00009224-00009375": "Number one", "2Shz6YppSmY-00010-00009375-00009823": "If you like relaxing music in a classy bar, you will love jazz bars", "2Shz6YppSmY-00011-00009879-00010423": "Just imagine the sound and the sensual voice of the vocalist and you are sure to get in the mood", "2Shz6YppSmY-00012-00010888-00011047": "Number two", "2Shz6YppSmY-00013-00011047-00011263": "Try a fun new workout like zumba", "2Shz6YppSmY-00014-00011325-00011545": "jazzercise or just plain old cardio", "2Shz6YppSmY-00015-00011600-00012169": "The endorphins you release after the workout are a great prelude to a night of long-lasting loving", "2Shz6YppSmY-00016-00013512-00013663": "Number three", "2Shz6YppSmY-00017-00013663-00013847": "Got a globe at home", "2Shz6YppSmY-00018-00013847-00013936": "Great", "2Shz6YppSmY-00019-00013936-00014455": "Give it a spin and the first country you point to will tell you which cuisine you should try out", "2Shz6YppSmY-00020-00014512-00014769": "Don't have a restaurant that serves that cuisine", "2Shz6YppSmY-00021-00014831-00015249": "No worries. Whip it up yourselves with some help from online tutorials", "2Shz6YppSmY-00022-00016256-00016408": "Number four", "2Shz6YppSmY-00023-00016408-00017047": "Visit a museum or an art exhibit whether you like classic works of art or performance art or modern art", "2Shz6YppSmY-00024-00017072-00017480": "You are sure to find a gallery or exhibition happening somewhere in the city", "2Shz6YppSmY-00025-00017528-00017905": "Just schedule the date and save that night for an artistic adventure", "2Shz6YppSmY-00026-00019400-00019559": "Number five", "2Shz6YppSmY-00027-00019559-00020191": "Go on a little road trip with a car. You can explore even more romantic spots within your city", "2Shz6YppSmY-00028-00020240-00020751": "You can see your city from atop a hill or wander off into the bay for a really romantic date", "2Shz6YppSmY-00029-00020792-00021065": "Pack a few sandwiches and a bottle of wine", "2Shz6YppSmY-00030-00021600-00021759": "Number six", "2Shz6YppSmY-00031-00021759-00022287": "Play with a pair of sexy dice that will tell you where to lick kiss and fondle your partner", "2Shz6YppSmY-00032-00022336-00022911": "These are available at almost any party favor shop. You can pick up a few other games, too", "2Shz6YppSmY-00033-00023573-00023695": "Conclusion", "2Shz6YppSmY-00034-00023695-00024153": "A fun filled date with your partner doesn't have to be expensive or time consuming", "2Shz6YppSmY-00035-00024215-00024711": "With these ideas, you will never run out of exciting new things to try and enjoy", "2Shz6YppSmY-00036-00025368-00025975": "Thanks for watching if you enjoyed this video give it a thumbs up and share it with your friends", "2Shz6YppSmY-00037-00026032-00026687": "For more videos like this hit the subscribe button and be sure to press the notification bell to stay"}}, {"audio_id": "2SnqmWRw_qy", "text": {"2SnqmWRw_qy-00000-00000000-00000200": "Hey Guys Subscribes My Channel"}}, {"audio_id": "2Sw6hXL2_mU", "text": {"2Sw6hXL2_mU-00000-00000000-00000312": "Hello programmers.  This presentation covers Exception", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00001-00000312-00000664": "handling as used in Java.  I will be using a sample of the", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00002-00000664-00001120": "Paycheck program during the discussion.    Exception handling is done using three", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00003-00001120-00001648": "keywords try throw and catch.    You can place a try command around a block", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00004-00001648-00002168": "of code that might create an error when the  program is running. The same program can use", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00005-00002168-00002720": "a block of code attached to a catch command  that will be executed if an error occurs.", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00006-00002864-00003400": "The throw command is used to activate the   block of code attached to the catch command.", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00007-00003479-00003992": "The great thing about try...throw...catch  is that the error can be 'thrown' in a", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00008-00003992-00004424": "completely different part of the program.    Let's start off by looking at", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00009-00004424-00004904": "a sample of the Paycheck program.    It is organized in three sections:", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00010-00004904-00005424": "INPUT, PROCESSING and OUTPUT.    The INPUT section has a prompt that asks the", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00011-00005424-00005896": "user to enter the hours worked, and then  an input from the keyboard to read the hours.", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00012-00006096-00006616": "This is followed by another prompt asking for  the pay rate and an input from the keyboard.", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00013-00006704-00007320": "Everything works fine if 40 hours worked  and 20 dollars per hour are entered.", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00014-00007320-00007864": "The problem arises if non-numeric data is  entered for either hours or pay rate.", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00015-00007944-00008512": "This is because the nextDouble() scanner  method is being used to read from the keyboard.", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00016-00008568-00009160": "Scanner throws an error and the program crashes  because our code does not catch the error.", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00017-00009288-00009696": "Let's update the program by placing   most of the code in a try block.", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00018-00009760-00010416": "After the try block, place a catch block to  process the InputMismatchException which is", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00019-00010416-00011080": "thrown when Scanner detects a non-numeric  input during the stdin.nextDouble() method.", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00020-00011144-00011944": "Since Scanner was not successful converting  asdf into a numeric value, the asdf characters", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00021-00011944-00012536": "are still in the keyboard input buffer.  We need to clear them out to prevent them from", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00022-00012536-00012880": "causing a problem if we try to  read from the keyboard again.", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00023-00012976-00013896": "This is done using stdin.next() which reads  an entire line of text from the keyboard buffer.", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00024-00014024-00014647": "What is interesting to note here is that since  that data is not being assigned to a variable", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00025-00014647-00015263": "of type String, that data is just lost,   which is what we want for now.", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00026-00015360-00015736": "An error message is displayed  \"Illegal input value\"", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00027-00015736-00016280": "and the catch block ends.    So far, we have been depending on the error", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00028-00016280-00016856": "to be 'thrown' by Scanner, and then our  program has the catch block to process it.", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00029-00016936-00017440": "We can update the program even more  to throw an error if a negative value", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00030-00017440-00018136": "is input for hours or pay rate.    Scanner's stdin.nextDouble() is perfectly", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00031-00018136-00018672": "happy with a -1 as an input because  it is definitely a numeric value.", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00032-00018760-00019120": "What I want this program to do is reject negative", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00033-00019120-00019592": "value inputs and I will do it with  a 'throw' command inside the 'try' block.", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00034-00019696-00020328": "Since a negative value is legal,  the stdin.nextDouble() is executed.", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00035-00020328-00020632": "An input of -1 would be placed in hours.", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00036-00020696-00021312": "The if statement can check for a negative  number using if (hours < 0)", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00037-00021536-00022096": "When that is true, we execute the code  below the if statement and 'throw' an", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00038-00022096-00022600": "IllegalArgumentException with   some text inside the parenthesis.", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00039-00022600-00023024": "The same thing is done when reading pay rate  but with a different message.", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00040-00023264-00023696": "Looking down at the program, we can see a  second catch block. The correct catch", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00041-00023696-00024032": "block will be executed based on the type  of error detected.", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00042-00024120-00024504": "When a -1 is input, the second catch is executed.", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00043-00024560-00024904": "The System.out.println retrieves the", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00044-00024904-00025272": "message that was passed by the throw   and displays it on the screen.", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00045-00025376-00025864": "Let's update the program again and place  the code in a loop so that we don't need", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00046-00025864-00026376": "to restart the program again and again  each time we want to process a new paycheck.", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00047-00026472-00026968": "I want the program to end when the user  types a 'Q' for either hours or pay rate.", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00048-00027072-00027648": "I already know that an 'InputMismatchException'  will be thrown if a non-numeric value is", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00049-00027648-00028272": "entered, so let's have the catch block see if  a 'Q' was entered and quit the program instead", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00050-00028272-00028536": "of displaying an error message, \"Illegal input\"", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00051-00028608-00029383": "Previously, the stdin.next() just  discarded the data typed by the user.", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00052-00029383-00029888": "Now, I actually want to look  at the data to see if it is a 'Q'.", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00053-00029944-00030432": "If it's a 'Q', break out of the do...while  loop. Otherwise display the error message.", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00054-00030552-00031016": "I'm using a boolean variable named  anotherEmployee to decide on whether", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00055-00031016-00031456": "or not to keep the program looping.  When the variable was declared at the top", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00056-00031456-00031976": "of the program, it was set to true.  It is tested at the bottom of the loop.", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00057-00032088-00032688": "It is the code in the catch block that sets  anotherEmployee to false when a 'Q' is entered.", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00058-00032688-00033040": "Let's try it out.    Here is 40 hours", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00059-00033104-00033432": "at $20 an hour. My pay is $800.00", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00060-00033600-00033992": "I get to try again. I'll put in 40 hours", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00061-00034224-00034704": "and some garbage. It says \"Illegal input value\"", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00062-00034768-00035232": "I'll put in a -1 It says \"Hours must be positive\"", "2Sw6hXL2_mU-00063-00035296-00036016": "This time instead of a total illegal input I'll do a 'Q' and the program is ended."}}, {"audio_id": "2SBxCL4EKCu", "text": {"2SBxCL4EKCu-00000-00000000-00000399": "now I want to turn to introducing the theory of statistical mechanics", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00001-00000400-00001119": "but this we're going to look at the powerpoint presentation I made", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00002-00001120-00001460": "the idea is that you can describe the statistics of the system", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00003-00001461-00002186": "with a large number of particle in this case model of gas", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00004-00002187-00002450": "so you can describe the thermodynamics", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00005-00002451-00003011": "in terms of the statistics of what is particles are doing", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00006-00003012-00003271": "in this particular example we consider", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00007-00003272-00003701": "particles in a box where they move with a constant velocity", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00008-00003702-00003930": "unless they colide", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00009-00003931-00004271": "if they collide they collide just like two balls", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00010-00004272-00004604": "elastic collide", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00011-00004605-00005014": "you look here you can see lots of different collision with particles", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00012-00005015-00005273": "you will see it soon", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00013-00005274-00005483": "this is model of a gas", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00014-00005484-00005855": "the classical model of gas", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00015-00005856-00006377": "I want to look at its statistical properties", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00016-00006378-00006747": "so first of all, we can describe the microstate", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00017-00006748-00007399": "so the microstate is a complete determination of", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00018-00007400-00007770": "state of every particle in the system", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00019-00007770-00008078": "so it tells you exactly what system is doing", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00020-00008079-00008419": "classically, I should tell you all of the velocities", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00021-00008420-00008688": "and all of the positions", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00022-00008689-00008972": "quantum mechanically though because of the uncertainty relation", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00023-00008973-00009161": "I only have to tell you one fact", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00024-00009162-00009410": "this is a quantum mechanical problem", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00025-00009411-00009869": "for example I could tell you the velocity each part of the gas", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00026-00009870-00010072": "that will give you a complete description", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00027-00010073-00010289": "of the state of the gas", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00028-00010290-00010712": "I tell you the velocity of every particle in the gas", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00029-00010713-00010884": "If we assume the system is closed", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00030-00010885-00011248": "that means no energy or momentum transfierce out", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00031-00011249-00011590": "then the totle kinetic energy is constant", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00032-00011591-00012013": "the kinetic energy is half and v squared", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00033-00012014-00012820": "m is constant so I get statistically constant", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00034-00012821-00013177": "but if you look at the picture", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00035-00013178-00013361": "the animation I showed in the previous slide", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00036-00013362-00013595": "you see the microstate is changing", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00037-00013596-00014011": "I defined the microstate in terms of the velocity of particles", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00038-00014012-00014271": "but when two particles collide", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00039-00014272-00014635": "they change velocities right?", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00040-00014636-00014816": "this particle is now moving up", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00041-00014817-00015029": "when it collide to another particle", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00042-00015030-00015278": "it suddenly start to move horizontal", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00043-00015279-00015815": "the collision changes the microstate of the system", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00044-00015816-00016073": "each collision changes the microstates", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00045-00016074-00016450": "for example I have two particles here with velocity v1 and v2", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00046-00016451-00016948": "initially, after they collide they have another velocities", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00047-00016949-00017429": "v1' and v2'. The microstate changes", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00048-00017430-00017798": "now I draw this symbolically like this", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00049-00017799-00018235": "the system start with some microstate with these velocities", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00050-00018236-00018844": "and it ends up with some other microstate with some new velocities with prime shape", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00051-00018845-00019449": "the state of the system changed by collision", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00052-00019450-00019699": "when I go through if I go through whole thing", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00053-00019700-00020250": "each time of collision, the state of microstate of system is changed", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00054-00020251-00020442": "each time two particles collide", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00055-00020443-00020670": "the velocities of system is changed", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00056-00020671-00021029": "therefore the microstate of the system is changed", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00057-00021030-00021516": "I can describe the evolution of the system", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00058-00021517-00021938": "in terms of the microstate is in each particular point in anytime", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00059-00021939-00022610": "each time of collision, the microstate change", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00060-00022611-00022868": "now if I started the system with the particles", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00061-00022869-00023253": "in a slightly different configurations of positions", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00062-00023254-00023501": "then other collision is possible", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00063-00023502-00023963": "if I scatter in different way and run the same simulation", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00064-00023964-00024105": "then I could have got a different result", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00065-00024106-00024506": "for example instead of going from this microstate to that microstate", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00066-00024507-00024686": "if their collsion like this", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00067-00024687-00024878": "I could have gone into a different microstate", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00068-00024879-00025150": "with different kind of collision", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00069-00025151-00025389": "there are lots of different possibilities", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00070-00025390-00025820": "different possible ways of going between microstates", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00071-00025821-00026121": "you got this big complicated network and", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00072-00026122-00026362": "each step is reversible", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00073-00026363-00026683": "so if I collide this way like that", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00074-00026684-00027693": "I can also collide opposite way and go back into the same place", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00075-00027694-00027951": "as I go forward in time and the collision happen", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00076-00027952-00028208": "I get the complicated network of microstates", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00077-00028209-00028871": "where I can scatter the collision between the microstate of the network", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00078-00028872-00029152": "is that clear what represented there", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00079-00029153-00029648": "each dot here is astatement about the lots of various gas", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00080-00029649-00029844": "when there's collision the velocity change", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00081-00029845-00030023": "I go into a new microstate", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00082-00030024-00030109": "so each time there's a collision", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00083-00030110-00031041": "I go into new a microstate", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00084-00031042-00031254": "I want to give you a completely different examples as well", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00085-00031255-00031705": "to give you the idea of how this abstraction help", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00086-00031706-00031993": "so another example I consider is paramagnet", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00087-00031994-00032409": "A paramagnet is a material something like iron", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00088-00032410-00032886": "where each atom has spin, so each atom has magnetic moment", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00089-00032887-00033176": "but at room temperature, there is no net spin", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00090-00033177-00033513": "so room temperature, the direction of the arrows are random", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00091-00033514-00033827": "some of them are up and some of them are down", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00092-00033828-00033957": "their direction is random,", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00093-00033958-00034153": "and we can assume them as well", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00094-00034154-00034885": "so ideal paramagnet, there's no interaction between the spin", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00095-00034886-00035055": "so in this case, the microstate", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00096-00035056-00035280": "microstate of this system is", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00097-00035281-00035719": "I tell you what every arrows in this system is doing", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00098-00035720-00035985": "first is up, second arrow is up", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00099-00035986-00036321": "third arrow is down, forth arrow is up", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00100-00036322-00036424": "that's microstate", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00101-00036425-00037249": "it tell you exactly what system is doing", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00102-00037250-00037423": "and how does this system evolve", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00103-00037424-00037634": "is like gas can have collision", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00104-00037635-00037956": "I imagine that in the system there can be spin flip event", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00105-00037957-00038074": "so at some point in time,", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00106-00038075-00038363": "one of the spins can suddenly change its direction", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00107-00038364-00038529": "if it was pointing up", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00108-00038530-00038786": "the spin direction can turn to down", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00109-00038787-00039228": "in this case, I start with that microstate one whether settled down", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00110-00039229-00039810": "and I went to microstate two, whether sattled went up", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00111-00039811-00040117": "again you get to network of different microstate", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00112-00040118-00040475": "and different ways of going between", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00113-00040476-00040733": "so the case where I only have tree atoms", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00114-00040734-00041000": "I can simplify and I can actually draw the picture", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00115-00041001-00041273": "in this case, there are 8 different possibility", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00116-00041274-00041487": "each spin either point up or down", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00117-00041488-00041803": "1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00118-00041804-00042315": "I can draw them on the bulk sheet of cube", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00119-00042316-00042595": "and each time the spin flip event happen", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00120-00042596-00042897": "I can go from this microstate saying this microstate", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00121-00042898-00043384": "then to this one, to this one", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00122-00043385-00043527": "so each time flip event happen", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00123-00043528-00044899": "I change microstate, I move it around edges of this cube", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00124-00044900-00045127": "so our general assumption is that", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00125-00045128-00045477": "any system can be described like this", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00126-00045478-00045797": "for any system, there's large number of microstates of that system", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00127-00045798-00046138": "which I draw symbolically as these little draw", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00128-00046139-00046406": "these little blue square, a microstate", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00129-00046407-00046630": "so for gas, this is telling you the velocity", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00130-00046631-00046868": "of all the particles in the gas", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00131-00046869-00047027": "for a paramanet, telling you the direction", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00132-00047028-00047248": "of all the arrows are paramagnetism", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00133-00047249-00047580": "but it's a complete specification of the system", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00134-00047581-00047832": "and we assume that large number of them", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00135-00047833-00048186": "ans they're connected in", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00136-00048187-00048335": "well, there's a large number of connections", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00137-00048336-00048650": "between different microstates", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00138-00048651-00048914": "then as time goes forward", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00139-00048915-00049146": "the system changes microstates", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00140-00049147-00049348": "so each time collision in the gas,", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00141-00049349-00049678": "it changes its microstates, it moves around this network", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00142-00049679-00049938": "we assume this happen very fast", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00143-00049939-00050310": "in the gas, the number of collisions is very very large", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00144-00050311-00050511": "there are millions and millions of collisions", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00145-00050512-00050744": "every second in the gas", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00146-00050745-00051487": "so you go through theses microstates very very quickly indeed", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00147-00051488-00051824": "finally, we assume that the changes between microstates", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00148-00051825-00051929": "are reversible", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00149-00051930-00052197": "that means if I started in this microstate", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00150-00052198-00052613": "and went into this one is possible sometime later", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00151-00052614-00052893": "that I can go back to original microstate", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00152-00052894-00053135": "we the same probability", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00153-00053136-00053732": "if I go one-way, then I can go back to the same for this", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00154-00053733-00053935": "so this is general abstract picture", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00155-00053936-00054195": "so there're two terms which are very important", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00156-00054196-00054585": "the first one is microstate", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00157-00054586-00054902": "the second one is state", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00158-00054903-00055139": "microstate is a complete specification", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00159-00055140-00055430": "of every particle in the system", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00160-00055432-00055918": "I tell you everything there is to know about the system", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00161-00055919-00058036": "Microstate:comletely specify every particle in the system", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00162-00058037-00058326": "for example gas then", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00163-00058327-00058627": "which means I tell you every velocity", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00164-00058628-00058765": "I tell you the velocity of first atom,", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00165-00058766-00059073": "what's the velocity of second atom", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00166-00059074-00059324": "lots of velocities of n atoms", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00167-00059325-00060036": "I completely specified them", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00168-00060037-00060455": "whereas the \"state\" in this tecnical tense", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00169-00060456-00060846": "is those property of the system", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00170-00060847-00061313": "which you can see on a large scale", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00171-00061314-00061953": "the large and the technical word it called microscopic", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00172-00061954-00062968": "property of the system", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00173-00062969-00063581": "again for gas, state property is talking about", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00174-00063582-00064161": "of things like what's the temperature of the gas", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00175-00064162-00064582": "what's the pressure of the gas and so on", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00176-00064583-00065296": "that's the end of the gas", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00177-00065297-00065767": "the whole point of statistical mechanic", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00178-00065768-00066055": "the physics is giving you a way of going", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00179-00066056-00066256": "from the statistics of microstate", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00180-00066257-00067458": "into the behave of the state", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00181-00067459-00067660": "so if you tell me without certain point of time", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00182-00067661-00067886": "velocities all like this", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00183-00067887-00068096": "how can I calculate from that information", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00184-00068097-00068335": "temperature and pressure in that system", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00185-00068336-00068511": "that's the goal", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00186-00068512-00068916": "if I know the behavior of the microscopic scale", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00187-00068917-00069847": "how can I divide with behavior on the large scale", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00188-00069848-00070281": "now critical to this is point of last slide in here", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00189-00070282-00070445": "if I have network which is like this", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00190-00070446-00070674": "we assume that this is a reasonable model of", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00191-00070675-00071052": "any kind of system where there's large number of point", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00192-00071053-00071391": "I scattered on the screen them", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00193-00071392-00071448": "if these things are true", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00194-00071449-00071705": "the number of microstate is large", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00195-00071706-00072013": "the system changes very quickly", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00196-00072014-00072397": "and the probability of both way is same", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00197-00072398-00072716": "then suppose at time zero", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00198-00072717-00073006": "I ask you what state the system is in microstate", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00199-00073007-00073299": "let me say it's here", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00200-00073300-00073700": "then one second later I ask you where's the system now", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00201-00073701-00074020": "I started from this state, this microstate", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00202-00074021-00074278": "one second later I ask you where's the system now", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00203-00074279-00074829": "because there've been many many changes in microstates", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00204-00074830-00074943": "in that one second", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00205-00074944-00075219": "and because these changes all have equal probability", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00206-00075220-00075402": "in both direction", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00207-00075403-00076031": "you can show that it has equal probability in anywhere", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00208-00076032-00076365": "I started out here, then I started scatter", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00209-00076366-00076569": "and I scatterd all around network", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00210-00076570-00076798": "then I suddenly shouted out stop", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00211-00076799-00076990": "we see where we arrived", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00212-00076991-00077154": "then if these conditions are true", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00213-00077155-00077433": "then I have equal probability of being anywhere", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00214-00077434-00077645": "with in this network", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00215-00077646-00077808": "now this result is known as", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00216-00077809-00078345": "\"Fundamental Postulate of Statistical Mechanics\" and it says following", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00217-00078346-00078616": "if I have such network of microstate", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00218-00078617-00078876": "and I let it run for some time", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00219-00078877-00079162": "and I stop it and look what microstate is in", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00220-00079163-00079750": "then they have all have equal probability", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00221-00079751-00080401": "the probability of being any particular microstate is equal", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00222-00080402-00080760": "in this case, suppose I have 20 microstates here", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00223-00080761-00081073": "the probability of each microstate is 1/20", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00224-00081074-00081376": "they all have equal probability", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00225-00081377-00081874": "because of these nature of scattering between microstates", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00226-00081875-00082134": "now this which you probably getting the name", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00227-00082135-00082254": "is called \"Fundamental Postulate\"", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00228-00082255-00082472": "this is most important idea", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00229-00082473-00082677": "in order to be able to derive", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00230-00082678-00082982": "the large scale property of the system", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00231-00082983-00083489": "from its microstate", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00232-00083490-00083676": "so what we are going to do for the rest of the class then", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00233-00083677-00083912": "is look at some simple example of the system", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00234-00083913-00084183": "what we characterized as microstate", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00235-00084184-00084489": "and then use this fundamental postulate", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00236-00084490-00085020": "to show that what the large scale of property may look like", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00237-00085021-00085467": "so this is the goal of the rest of the for now", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00238-00085468-00085831": "before we take a break, I just want to do one very simple example", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00239-00085832-00087323": "of how does this fundamental postulate", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00240-00087324-00087888": "very simple example", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00241-00087889-00088273": "one which capture all of the important points", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00242-00088274-00088429": "of fundamental postulate", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00243-00088430-00088667": "I'm going to take very very simple system", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00244-00088668-00089432": "where there are only 3 microstates", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00245-00089433-00090749": "so if I continue using coloring I used in there", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00246-00090750-00091765": "so 3 microstates like this", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00247-00091766-00092065": "and I suppose I can scatter between them", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00248-00092066-00092149": "if I have been in this state", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00249-00092150-00092809": "I can go this way and that way", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00250-00092810-00093558": "I can also scatter back into the same", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00251-00093559-00093759": "so this is very simple version of network", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00252-00093760-00093976": "that I showed you previously", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00253-00093977-00094655": "3 microstates and there are verious ways to scatter", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00254-00094656-00095150": "so I can describe you the probability of go change to 3 microstates", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00255-00095151-00095949": "by using transition probability", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00256-00095950-00096775": "and trasition probability between microstates", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00257-00096776-00097404": "are constant in each time step", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00258-00097405-00097771": "we assume one time step that's one transition event", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00259-00097772-00097997": "each time I click my finger,", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00260-00097998-00098416": "the microstate will change or stay where it is", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00261-00098417-00099362": "and I given examples of probability", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00262-00099363-00099696": "suppose I start with microstate one", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00263-00099697-00099897": "then transition event happen", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00264-00099898-00100261": "I suppose that the probability I stay in the microstate one", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00265-00100262-00100541": "is 3/6 which is half", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00266-00100542-00101049": "I suppose probability I go from microstate one to microstate two is 2/6", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00267-00101050-00101776": "I suppose probability I go from state one to three is 1/6", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00268-00101777-00101958": "I started from microstate one", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00269-00101959-00102223": "I have half probability of staying there", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00270-00102224-00102551": "1/3 of probability of going to microstate two", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00271-00102552-00103591": "and 1/6 probability of going to microstate three", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00272-00103592-00103812": "now suppose I started in the microstate two", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00273-00103813-00104083": "then the probability I go back into microstate one", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00274-00104084-00104499": "must be the same because of reversibility property", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00275-00104500-00104687": "the probability I go from two to one", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00276-00104688-00104983": "is also 2/6", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00277-00104984-00105141": "the rest is I can choose freely", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00278-00105142-00105482": "so I assume the probability stay it is 1/6", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00279-00105483-00105892": "and the probability I go to three is 3/6", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00280-00105893-00106093": "therefore if I started three", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00281-00106094-00106275": "make sure the total value is one", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00282-00106276-00106684": "probability I stay there is 2/6", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00283-00106685-00107017": "this completely define a network of microstate", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00284-00107018-00107459": "3 microstates with per unit time", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00285-00107460-00108298": "probability of transition between", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00286-00108299-00108479": "I just want to see what happens", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00287-00108480-00109272": "as I take time forward as a statistical result", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00288-00109273-00110103": "so we start, you may start from number one", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00289-00110104-00110584": "you can start in microstate one", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00290-00110585-00111921": "now what does it look like after one times there", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00291-00111922-00112031": "after one times there", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00292-00112032-00112195": "by having scattering event", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00293-00112196-00112325": "I can even stay there", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00294-00112326-00112632": "or I can go to state two or three", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00295-00112633-00112881": "the probability I stay there is 3/6", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00296-00112882-00113153": "probability I go to two is 2/6", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00297-00113154-00113957": "probability I go to three is 1/6", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00298-00113958-00114672": "probability to be in microstate one", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00299-00114673-00114780": "I'm going to write this way", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00300-00114781-00115300": "the probability is that one time step in state one", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00301-00115301-00115700": "which is 3/6", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00302-00115701-00116194": "similarly, the probability which is being two", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00303-00116195-00116969": "this is probability one time step, I'm in state two which is 2/6", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00304-00116970-00118831": "probability to being microstate three is 1/6", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00305-00118832-00118988": "hopefully that's clear right?", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00306-00118989-00119288": "at the one time I started here, one time step", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00307-00119289-00119745": "probability I stay there is 3/6", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00308-00119746-00120119": "probability I went to number two is 2/6", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00309-00120120-00120673": "probability I went to number three is 1/6", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00310-00120674-00120977": "so that's very simple", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00311-00120978-00122345": "we guess more interesting is we keep runing", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00312-00122346-00122641": "I'll do the calculation again", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00313-00122642-00122927": "again we have scattering event", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00314-00122928-00123637": "after two time step", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00315-00123638-00123829": "what is it look like", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00316-00123830-00125303": "well I'm going to write this now probability of two time step", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00317-00125304-00126363": "probability of three time step, I'm in state one", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00318-00126364-00126581": "now this is little bit more complicated because", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00319-00126582-00126846": "after two time step there are different way", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00320-00126847-00127377": "of going into state one", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00321-00127378-00127557": "I could have started in state one", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00322-00127558-00127719": "then stay in state one", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00323-00127720-00127966": "then stay in one again", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00324-00127967-00128233": "so I can go one, one, one", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00325-00128234-00128569": "this probability is just 3/6", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00326-00128570-00128743": "for probability I stay there", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00327-00128744-00129342": "times probability I'm already there", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00328-00129343-00129657": "this is the probability I'm in one", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00329-00129658-00130602": "then I stayed in one, then I stayed in one again", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00330-00130603-00130917": "also I could have started in one", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00331-00130918-00131304": "then gone to two and then go back to one", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00332-00131305-00131617": "so I could have gone one two to one", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00333-00131618-00132175": "this is therefore probability going from two to one 2/6", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00334-00132176-00132879": "and probability I was in two is P1(2)", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00335-00132880-00133167": "which is prbability from one, two to one", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00336-00133168-00133472": "finally, I could go from one to three to one", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00337-00133473-00134317": "this one is (1/6)*P1(3)", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00338-00134318-00134963": "and if you work this out, this turns out to be 14/36", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00339-00134964-00136398": "as a decimal 0.39", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00340-00136399-00136518": "I'll just do one more and then", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00341-00136519-00136741": "hopefully past things are clear", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00342-00136742-00136799": "after one more time step", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00343-00136800-00137209": "I can just use this formula right?", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00344-00137210-00137670": "after three times step", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00345-00137671-00138854": "finally after three time step", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00346-00138855-00139506": "probability I'm in one after three time step is", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00347-00139507-00139973": "probability I was in one and I stayed in one is", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00348-00139974-00140776": "+ probability that I was in two and then back to one", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00349-00140777-00141495": "+ probability I was in three and back to one", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00350-00141496-00141696": "again if you use these numbers", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00351-00141697-00142734": "this one turns out to be 75/216", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00352-00142735-00143437": "the decimal is 0.35", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00353-00143438-00143561": "we can do another one", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00354-00143562-00144147": "probability after three time step then in two", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00355-00144148-00144346": "I won't write that formula again", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00356-00144347-00144782": "is turns out to be 72/216", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00357-00144783-00145051": "the decimal is 0.33", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00358-00145052-00145349": "the probability after three time step", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00359-00145350-00146472": "and then stay in three is", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00360-00146473-00146633": "okay,so the point I wanted to make here is", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00361-00146634-00146918": "to look the number of these probability", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00362-00146919-00147002": "after one time step", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00363-00147003-00147252": "they were quiet a different", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00364-00147253-00147518": "this one is three times then probability here", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00365-00147519-00147676": "but after one time step", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00366-00147677-00147928": "this numbers are all quiet different", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00367-00147929-00148111": "but after two time steps", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00368-00148112-00148457": "they get more similar", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00369-00148458-00148617": "after three time steps", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00370-00148618-00148987": "they get more similar again", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00371-00148988-00149140": "hopefully you can believe me", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00372-00149141-00149376": "it's not too difficult proved mathematically", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00373-00149377-00149666": "that if I do four five six seven time step", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00374-00149667-00150192": "then these numbers will all converge to same number", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00375-00150193-00151747": "all of these numbers are converging to meet the third", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00376-00151748-00152840": "as # time steps increase", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00377-00152841-00153230": "and this is the point of the fundamental postulate", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00378-00153231-00153440": "the number of time steps are large", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00379-00153441-00154039": "if the number of collisions or whatever", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00380-00154040-00154324": "which happen within my measuring interval is large", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00381-00154325-00154494": "then when I sample the system", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00382-00154495-00154704": "when I find the microstates of the system", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00383-00154705-00154849": "it has equal probability", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00384-00154850-00155364": "with being in any microstate", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00385-00155365-00156520": "that means they all have equal probability", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00386-00156521-00156804": "this is exactly statement of fundamental postulate", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00387-00156805-00157225": "the probability of each microstate to be equal", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00388-00157226-00157559": "we saw that in our model system this is true", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00389-00157560-00157792": "what are the important properties of the model system", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00390-00157793-00158291": "firstly, you have large number of time step", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00391-00158292-00158414": "with equal probability", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00392-00158415-00158753": "secondly, the probability going from one to two", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00393-00158754-00159071": "is same probability to go from two to one", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00394-00159072-00159256": "it has reversibility", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00395-00159257-00159401": "as long as these things are true", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00396-00159402-00159862": "then you'll get equal probability for each microstate", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00397-00159863-00160194": "this is the concept of the fundamental postulate", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00398-00160195-00160460": "so I want to show you a power point presentation", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00399-00160461-00160651": "where I do the same kind of things", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00400-00160652-00160927": "but on a very large scale of system", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00401-00160928-00161145": "so here in this slide", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00402-00161146-00161401": "you can see there are hundred of microstates", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00403-00161402-00161749": "I've arranged them in the circle", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00404-00161750-00161921": "these are hundred microstates", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00405-00161922-00162240": "and I get the computer tool at random", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00406-00162241-00162505": "make 300 connection between them", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00407-00162506-00162608": "so I get the computer to at random", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00408-00162609-00162741": "between two microstates", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00409-00162742-00163149": "and draw line between them", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00410-00163150-00163500": "for example, the first microstate", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00411-00163501-00164037": "I connected to 1,2,3,4,5,6 other microstates", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00412-00164038-00164173": "with chosen at random", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00413-00164174-00164483": "and next one I connected like this", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00414-00164484-00164806": "that means this microstate is possible to scatter", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00415-00164807-00164992": "from this microstate to this one", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00416-00164993-00165226": "and back again", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00417-00165227-00165373": "so just as I do a line here", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00418-00165374-00165560": "from state one to state three", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00419-00165561-00165690": "that means same thing right?", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00420-00165691-00165941": "I can go from state one to state three and back again", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00421-00165942-00166163": "on the computing simulation, i can go from", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00422-00166164-00166457": "this state to that one back", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00423-00166458-00166698": "so I can go around circle input all in", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00424-00166699-00167002": "when you finish you end up with quite a mess", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00425-00167003-00167181": "but this is a hundred of microstates", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00426-00167182-00167367": "with 300 connections", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00427-00167368-00167908": "300 possible ways to scatter", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00428-00167909-00168267": "I do exactly what I calculated before in the class", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00429-00168268-00168570": "I started in a particular microstate", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00430-00168571-00168756": "and I say each time step", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00431-00168757-00169227": "probability to change microstate is 1 divided by certain number", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00432-00169228-00169435": "I think this simulation's a level", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00433-00169436-00169615": "divided by that", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00434-00169616-00169909": "so there's certain probability to change", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00435-00169910-00170033": "and I see what happens", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00436-00170034-00170595": "I start in microstate 10", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00437-00170596-00171104": "after one time step, I maybe scatter", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00438-00171105-00171349": "so I'm still probably in the same microstate", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00439-00171350-00171670": "with probability about 0.45", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00440-00171671-00171832": "but I may have scattered", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00441-00171833-00172180": "into one of these microstates", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00442-00172181-00172528": "so probability about 0.9", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00443-00172529-00172826": "so this is after one scatter event", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00444-00172827-00173180": "after the next event, it looks like this", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00445-00173181-00173298": "here I guess more complicated", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00446-00173299-00173459": "there are other microstate", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00447-00173460-00173704": "some have quiet a large probability", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00448-00173705-00173925": "some have small probability", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00449-00173926-00174248": "there are large number of microstate I could be in", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00450-00174249-00174425": "as I keep doing the time step now", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00451-00174426-00174590": "after five it looks like this", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00452-00174591-00175008": "you can see there's still quite a big variation", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00453-00175009-00175159": "after ten it looks like this", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00454-00175160-00175517": "now they start to look like even", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00455-00175518-00176030": "and if I keep running 20,30", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00456-00176031-00176176": "and after a hundred, you see that", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00457-00176177-00176523": "they virtually all the same", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00458-00176524-00176828": "so in this simulation, after a hundred time step", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00459-00176829-00177161": "I end up with virtually all the same probability", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00460-00177162-00177399": "and this again is the fundamental postulate", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00461-00177400-00177609": "after scattering large number of time", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00462-00177610-00178269": "I have equal probability to be any microstates", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00463-00178270-00178801": "now this is kind of related it's not attentively interesting", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00464-00178802-00178976": "there're some issues in this", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00465-00178977-00179206": "if the number of possible ways of scattering", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00466-00179207-00179334": "is not large enough", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00467-00179335-00179601": "so in this case, again I have hundred microstates", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00468-00179602-00179856": "but I only made 80 connection", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00469-00179857-00180241": "you see there're far few a line", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00470-00180242-00180413": "now in this case", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00471-00180414-00180709": "the behavior is a little bit different", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00472-00180710-00180986": "after ten times steps it looks like this", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00473-00180987-00181137": "after 50 like this", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00474-00181138-00181358": "after 100 like this", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00475-00181359-00181552": "so you remember previous simulation", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00476-00181553-00181820": "rather there are 300 connections", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00477-00181821-00181909": "after 100 times steps", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00478-00181910-00182152": "it was virtually all the same", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00479-00182153-00182397": "but if the number of connection is small", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00480-00182398-00182877": "then after 100 times steps", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00481-00182878-00183508": "they still have big difference in probability", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00482-00183509-00183908": "it takes about 500 times steps", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00483-00183909-00184286": "until I get roughly equal probability", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00484-00184287-00184745": "so if the number of connections are limited", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00485-00184746-00184993": "then the convergence is slow", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00486-00184994-00185402": "it takes long time to get this equal probability of microstates", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00487-00185403-00185743": "secondly, not all microstates can be read", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00488-00185744-00185927": "you see that some microstates here", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00489-00185928-00186194": "it has zero probability", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00490-00186195-00186591": "the reason for that is easy to understand", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00491-00186592-00186775": "if you look the original network", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00492-00186776-00186880": "you see that some microstates", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00493-00186881-00187067": "are impossible to read right?", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00494-00187068-00187328": "this one here I can't get into it", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00495-00187329-00187461": "there's no line connection", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00496-00187462-00187637": "so I can't possibly get there", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00497-00187638-00188029": "these are the same", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00498-00188030-00188202": "there're also other microstate", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00499-00188203-00188475": "which only have one possible way of scattering", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00500-00188476-00188891": "so if you look at this one down here", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00501-00188892-00189134": "this one scatter", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00502-00189135-00189377": "this one, that's it", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00503-00189378-00189443": "so these two microstates can", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00504-00189444-00189648": "only scatter between each other", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00505-00189649-00189805": "they can't go anywhere", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00506-00189806-00189965": "but if the number of connection is not large", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00507-00189966-00190197": "you can get kind of stop", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00508-00190198-00190812": "you probably chose a possible microstate", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00509-00190813-00191006": "I mentioned this because this kind of behavior", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00510-00191007-00191326": "is important in phase transition", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00511-00191327-00191422": "what happens in the phase transition", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00512-00191423-00191733": "for example when gas trasition into liquid", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00513-00191734-00192126": "it's some parts of the space of microstates", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00514-00192127-00192261": "become inaccessible", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00515-00192262-00192634": "there is some separation between microstates", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00516-00192635-00192947": "you can read the note that can't", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00517-00192948-00193427": "similar to this behavior", "2SBxCL4EKCu-00518-00193428-00193928": " "}}, {"audio_id": "2T3KRgN-xPE", "text": {"2T3KRgN-xPE-00000-00000142-00000451": "I'm Lance Cpl. Molly Hampton and this is the Corps Report.", "2T3KRgN-xPE-00001-00000554-00000853": "Marines with the 22nd MEU are launching air strikes on ISIL.", "2T3KRgN-xPE-00002-00000856-00001644": "On August 1st, Harriers with Marine Medium Tilt-Rotor Squadron-264 (Reinforced) launched multiple strikes during Operation Odyssey Lightning.", "2T3KRgN-xPE-00003-00001644-00001854": "The Pentagon released a statement saying:", "2T3KRgN-xPE-00004-00002482-00002932": "The U.S. will continue strikes on ISIL to help the Libyan goverment make stratigic advance.", "2T3KRgN-xPE-00005-00002932-00003414": "This month Gen. Glenn M. Walters became the newest Assistance Commandant of the Marine Corps.", "2T3KRgN-xPE-00006-00003414-00003742": "Gen. Walters is a career aviator and Cobra pilot.", "2T3KRgN-xPE-00007-00003742-00004214": "He relieved Gen. John M. Paxton Jr., who retired at 42 years of service.", "2T3KRgN-xPE-00008-00004214-00004634": "Before retiring Gen. Paxton was the oldest active-duty Marine in the Corps.", "2T3KRgN-xPE-00009-00004634-00005272": "He spent nearly four years as the Assistant Commandant, and is the only one to have ever served alongside three commandants.", "2T3KRgN-xPE-00010-00005272-00005592": "Farewell, Gen. Paxton, and Hail, Gen. Walters.", "2T3KRgN-xPE-00011-00005592-00006044": "Marines with the 3rd MEF are testing new boots and cammies in Okinawa, Japan.", "2T3KRgN-xPE-00012-00006044-00006386": "They're testing two different types of boots and four different cammies.", "2T3KRgN-xPE-00013-00006386-00006800": "The new uniforms are lighter and capable of drying faster than what we wear now.", "2T3KRgN-xPE-00014-00006800-00006944": "So what do they think?", "2T3KRgN-xPE-00015-00006944-00007045": "These ones are legit.", "2T3KRgN-xPE-00016-00007045-00007198": "The other ones, not so much.", "2T3KRgN-xPE-00017-00007198-00007556": "These ones, this material, are definatly the best ones for when it's wet.", "2T3KRgN-xPE-00018-00007556-00007818": "They dry faster, it breaths a lot more.", "2T3KRgN-xPE-00019-00007818-00008145": "It's like you're wearing pajamas, that's what it feels like, it feels like you're just wearing pajamas.", "2T3KRgN-xPE-00020-00008386-00008534": "We're on Snapchat now.", "2T3KRgN-xPE-00021-00008534-00008796": "Follow us for exclusive behind-the-scenes action and more.", "2T3KRgN-xPE-00022-00008796-00008918": "Thanks for watching, everyone.", "2T3KRgN-xPE-00023-00008918-00009246": "We'll see you next time, right here, on the Corps Report."}}, {"audio_id": "2T3ScJiPkmI", "text": {"2T3ScJiPkmI-00000-00000000-00000900": "SCP-082 Fernand the Cannibal Object Class: Euclid", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00001-00001134-00001280": "Item #: SCP-082", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00002-00001280-00001569": "Object Class: Euclid", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00003-00001569-00002138": "Special Containment Procedures: Enlarged living quarters located at Armed Bio-Containment", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00004-00002138-00002753": "Area-14 have been appropriated for the suppression and appeasement of SCP-082.", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00005-00002753-00003268": "While standard weapons have little effect in policing SCP-082, cooperation is easily", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00006-00003268-00003750": "attained through a charade; subject is currently under the impression that it has been made", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00007-00003750-00004205": "the King of France and that its containment area is actually a grand palace designed for", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00008-00004205-00004391": "its protection.", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00009-00004391-00005468": "All interacting personnel are to be made aware of this charade and are ordered", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00010-00005468-00005845": "to follow the ruse.", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00011-00005845-00006249": "Housekeeping personnel are to be Class D personnel only.", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00012-00006249-00006794": "Guards tasked with the containment of SCP-082 are to be given Level-2 clearance, but are", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00013-00006794-00007244": "instructed to refrain from interacting directly with SCP-082.", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00014-00007244-00007916": "Description: SCP-082 is genetically human; however, through some process (either chemical,", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00015-00007916-00008596": "hormonal, cancerous, or supernatural), SCP-082 has grown to giant proportions.", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00016-00008596-00009350": "Approximately 2.4 meters tall (around 8 feet) and weighing over 310 kilograms (about 700", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00017-00009350-00009766": "pounds), SCP-082's physical characteristics are grossly disproportional.", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00018-00009766-00010441": "It has a slightly pointed balding head, a large rounded chin and jaw, a bulbous nose,", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00019-00010441-00010764": "and dark sunken eyes.", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00020-00010764-00011117": "Subject is both overweight and possesses a great amount of muscle mass.", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00021-00011117-00011684": "Forearms are muscular and dangerous, with a circumference of about 71 centimeters (about", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00022-00011684-00011850": "28 inches).", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00023-00011850-00012352": "The breadth of the subject's fist is nearly 30 cm along the knuckles (almost 12 inches).", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00024-00012352-00013100": "Though feet are large, they are small in proportion to subject's body (men's size 14 US).", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00025-00013100-00013493": "Subject's skin is tanned dark and overall physical appearance is compounded by numerous", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00026-00013493-00013960": "scars (the results of years of attempts at suppression and containment).", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00027-00013960-00014395": "Most X-rays have been difficult to interpret because of the high density of its muscle", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00028-00014395-00014940": "tissue, but scans have revealed countless bullets and even several knife and sword blades", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00029-00014940-00015319": "lodged in SCP-082's flesh.", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00030-00015319-00015968": "SCP-082 refers to itself as Fernand and speaks fluent French and heavily accented English.", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00031-00015968-00016362": "When it speaks, it does so through enormous, clenched teeth.", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00032-00016362-00016796": "SCP-082 only parts teeth to eat food and to sing.", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00033-00016796-00017293": "Subject will sing songs of its own pleasing, ranging from forgotten Victorian Era bar songs", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00034-00017293-00017741": "to modern classical, typically while cooking and eating.", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00035-00017741-00018270": "SCP-082 does not comb the hair on the sides of its head, but does cut it, and shaves with", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00036-00018270-00018601": "a large butcher knife originally provided for food preparation.", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00037-00018601-00019112": "It should be noted that even facial hair is exaggerated, a single strand being as thick", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00038-00019112-00019676": "as a millimeter (similar in thickness and appearance to graphite of a mechanical pencil).", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00039-00019676-00020255": "Occasionally, SCP-082 will clench its teeth so hard that the gums bleed, but it is not", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00040-00020255-00020365": "known why.", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00041-00020365-00020576": "This is considered normal.", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00042-00020576-00021007": "The demeanor of SCP-082 is very amicable and carefree.", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00043-00021007-00021626": "SCP-082 has accrued a wide wardrobe over its time of incarceration, and it enjoys dressing", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00044-00021626-00022257": "up in many different fashions, including formal wear, military uniform, as a clown, and in", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00045-00022257-00022357": "women's clothing.", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00046-00022357-00022768": "New pieces should be made available upon request.", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00047-00022768-00023270": "Subject often attempts to joke and is usually polite to personnel, often inviting them to", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00048-00023270-00023370": "dinner.", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00049-00023370-00023825": "However, visiting personnel should be aware that at any moment, SCP-082 is capable of", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00050-00023825-00024149": "attacking and voraciously eating others.", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00051-00024149-00024574": "Subject will often apologize for its lack of manners for interrupting someone's conversation", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00052-00024574-00025012": "by devouring their head while making a mess of his quarters.", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00053-00025012-00025654": "SCP-082's jaws are strong enough to crack bone, and it seems to enjoy skulls.", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00054-00025654-00026207": "Attacks are seemingly at random with no motivation—whether or not subject has recently eaten has no effect", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00055-00026207-00026395": "on this cannibalistic hunger.", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00056-00026395-00027137": "SCP-082 is incapable of differentiating fact from fiction when he reads it or watches television/films.", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00057-00027137-00027702": "On several occasions, SCP-082 has expressed a great desire to meet his favorite person,", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00058-00027702-00028125": "Hannibal Lecter, and subject will believe that all television programming is some form", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00059-00028125-00028331": "of reality television.", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00060-00028331-00028688": "Though subject has shown heightened intelligence in the form of memory and puzzle-solving,", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00061-00028688-00029325": "the concepts of parody, satire, and fiction are beyond its understanding.", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00062-00029325-00029836": "SCP-082 apparently understands the concept of lying, has shown to know when others are", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00063-00029836-00030341": "blatantly lying, and generally tells obvious falsehoods when asked about its past.", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00064-00030341-00030622": "According to SCP-082, he is:", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00065-00030622-00030944": "A vampire A homunculus", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00066-00030944-00031211": "Big Bird Andre the Giant", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00067-00031211-00031662": "Napoleon Obelix (sidekick of Asterix)", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00068-00031662-00031958": "Dr. Bright The Hulk", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00069-00031958-00032227": "Alexander The Great Captain Hook", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00070-00032227-00032533": "Sherlock Holmes Dr. Frankenstein", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00071-00032533-00032958": "Frankenstein's Monster When questioned about these lies he gives", "2T3ScJiPkmI-00072-00032958-00033243": "the excuse, \"But I only lie when it's through my teeth!\""}}, {"audio_id": "2T6pkowrtHU", "text": {"2T6pkowrtHU-00000-00000811-00000953": "Hello!", "2T6pkowrtHU-00001-00001014-00001150": "Hello!", "2T6pkowrtHU-00002-00001232-00001444": "How are you doing?", "2T6pkowrtHU-00003-00001478-00001828": "I'm doing well, thank you. And you?", "2T6pkowrtHU-00004-00001864-00002128": "I'm doing well also.", "2T6pkowrtHU-00005-00002156-00002394": "Where do you live?", "2T6pkowrtHU-00006-00002432-00002768": "I live in the United States. And you?", "2T6pkowrtHU-00007-00002802-00003152": "Ah, I also live in the United States.", "2T6pkowrtHU-00008-00003182-00003429": "What kind of weather do you have?", "2T6pkowrtHU-00009-00003461-00003640": "It rained yesterday.", "2T6pkowrtHU-00010-00003664-00004032": "We received almost 2 inches of rain.", "2T6pkowrtHU-00011-00004061-00004544": "Ve, that is a lot of rain!", "2T6pkowrtHU-00012-00004578-00004812": "Indeed, I would agree with you!", "2T6pkowrtHU-00013-00004848-00005126": "So, what kind of weather do you have?", "2T6pkowrtHU-00014-00005170-00005516": "It is humid and warm now.", "2T6pkowrtHU-00015-00005548-00005908": "Oh, that is a bad combination.", "2T6pkowrtHU-00016-00005932-00006312": "Indeed, now I would agree with you!", "2T6pkowrtHU-00017-00006344-00006552": "Well, I need to go.", "2T6pkowrtHU-00018-00006580-00006820": "It was nice to speak with you.", "2T6pkowrtHU-00019-00006858-00007012": "Me too.", "2T6pkowrtHU-00020-00007028-00007150": "Bye!", "2T6pkowrtHU-00021-00007216-00007380": "Goodbye!"}}, {"audio_id": "2Tg7RC0Eh0y", "text": {"2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00000-00000129-00000661": "Hello, my name is Lee Hae Sung, and am 31 years old and work in a vehicle company.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00001-00000707-00001200": "I've been playing basketball for 3 and a half years, and it's been a year since I started in Quantum.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00002-00001582-00001782": "Since when did you start basketball?", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00003-00001947-00002539": "I liked basketball since middle school after looking at the cartoon slam dunk.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00004-00002663-00003617": "Since then I wanted to play basketball, but the environment in middle school, high school, and university was not very providing.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00005-00003634-00004234": "So I started playing basketball after getting employed.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00006-00004299-00005964": "So after like a year and a half, I came across a video of Quantum where Coach Kim teaches pocket and drop lift.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00007-00006065-00006655": "I was very shocked and decided to learn properly in Quantum.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00008-00007048-00007248": "You didn't have any experience at all when you were a student?", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00009-00007394-00008816": "When I was a student, we had tests but we only did basic stuff like dribble or layups or in high school we just played with the ball during recess time.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00010-00008883-00009083": "I started to properly learn after.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00011-00009570-00009770": "What was your first impression on Quantum?", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00012-00009937-00010774": "Once you come down to the basement, the Q in the middle looked very cool to me,", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00013-00011196-00011396": "and thought that I wanted to learn here for a long period of time.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00014-00011438-00012249": "Also, I was shocked how the coaches train, so I couldn't sleep the first night.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00015-00012300-00012816": "I was shocked of the curriculum and wanted to learn more and was excited.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00016-00013147-00013347": "What is the difference between the past basketball you learned, and the basketball you learned in Quantum?", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00017-00013546-00014219": "The basketball I learned before was for example: What should I do to get better at basketball? And they would answer, dribble a lot.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00018-00014219-00014742": "Then I would ask, how should I dribble a lot? And they would answer just dribble strongly in the same place.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00019-00014791-00015556": "Or even they would say dribble in a V-shape or in-and-out and you will get better.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00020-00015566-00016058": "But after coming to Quantum, the basics were different.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00021-00016126-00017288": "Just dribbling was not important, I learned that we have to take the basics as lifting, grabbing, etc, and those basics need to be fully done in order to be good at basketball.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00022-00017288-00017488": "I was shocked because the difference was big.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00023-00017510-00018625": "After I looked at other videos and noticed that all players use the basic moves such as drop, lift, etc.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00024-00018853-00019447": "So I was shocked because Quantum was different from that small perspective.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00025-00019766-00019966": "What you learn in Quantum, is it helpful in real games?", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00026-00020162-00020362": "I play basketball in a club.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00027-00020757-00021234": "Play against games, and there is one game a week.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00028-00021385-00022040": "To be honest, Quantum teaches a lot, like steps, leg behind, etc.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00029-00022229-00023400": "I used moves and techniques like euro step, taking time away, how to pass the middle line, etc. which were very helpful.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00030-00023464-00024497": "So after a year, I heard comments that my handling was getting better from my team.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00031-00024606-00025607": "And after two years, people commented that I have gotten better. Which makes me think that Quantum really helped me.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00032-00025889-00026089": "What was your driving force to play basketball for more than two years continuously?", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00033-00026357-00027149": "I think that my driving force was my basketball daily diary.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00034-00027164-00028239": "Before, coach Kim talked about a daily diary in an interview, and after watching that video I went to the store and bought a book.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00035-00028257-00029235": "Since then, i've been writing for around two years, and every time I write what I learned, what needs to improve, etc.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00036-00029262-00030157": "And as that accumulates, it is very fun to look back and to be able to see how I improved.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00037-00030330-00030825": "So that diary was my biggest driving force.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00038-00030962-00031616": "Also, since the coaches saw my improvement, them complimenting was also a driving force.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00039-00031967-00032167": "From now, what are you determined to do as a basketball player?", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00040-00032348-00033454": "When I go to the basketball club, they ask me why I get skill trained, why do you do a leg behind, you won't be able to use it.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00041-00033600-00034026": "You only need to be fast, you can instead do a cross over, etc.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00042-00034138-00034622": "But in the future, I want to change those thoughts.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00043-00034738-00035298": "I will practice a lot and put them in practice and show them.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00044-00035447-00036053": "I want to show amateur clubs that it is all possible.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00045-00036364-00036747": "I want to continue practicing basketball with that direction in mind.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00046-00036747-00037344": "Before, I thought a lot on what would have been of me if I hadn't come to Quantum.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00047-00037436-00038295": "I think that I wouldn't have progressed and would have quit playing basketball.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00048-00038613-00039600": "When I had no idea on how to practice basketball, Quantum guided me.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00049-00040068-00040710": "It's very important to me, just like being underwater and Quantum being the only light, that's how important it is.", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00050-00041311-00041511": "What a characteristic of the Quantum coaches?", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00051-00041853-00042544": "Hyun  Jung Coach teaches very hard stuff,", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00052-00042584-00042784": "Seung Chan coach is very tiresome,", "2Tg7RC0Eh0y-00053-00042846-00043338": "Jason coach is also very hard, and my body hurts because of a lot of contact."}}, {"audio_id": "2Ti3vW8JdOo", "text": {"2Ti3vW8JdOo-00000-00000041-00000333": "What's up everybody. This is Koen Geron again from Hovalo.", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00001-00000333-00000729": "And in this video, we are going to talk about running expert", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00002-00000729-00001197": "level of online dating. So, this video is going to be for guys", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00003-00001197-00001605": "aged between 18 and 50 years old. Stay tuned for this video because", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00004-00001605-00001997": "we are going to give away free profile audits.  So, your profile", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00005-00002000-00002304": "will get audited by me. I will reveal in the video how I'm", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00006-00002304-00002568": "gonna do this exactly. So, if you are interested in getting", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00007-00002568-00002944": "a free profile review, make sure you stay until the end, so you", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00008-00002944-00003256": "can get one for free. The purpose of this video is to give you", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00009-00003256-00003624": "a glimpse into how it is if you are one of the better people", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00010-00003624-00003884": "on a dating platform, because they got a lot of questions and", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00011-00003884-00004124": "some people, they complain a lot because they got nothing.", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00012-00004124-00004348": "They don't get any matches and when  they get matches, they don't", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00013-00004348-00004592": "get any dates. For those guys, I want to give you a glimpse of", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00014-00004592-00004964": "the life, like how it is to have expert online dating level.", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00015-00004964-00005356": "Like being at the top of the food chain, so to say. Let's just jump into it.", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00016-00005709-00005973": "First off they're levels to the system. So what you", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00017-00005973-00006325": "need to take into consideration is some people they think they", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00018-00006325-00006665": "are amazing when they get a date a week. Some people they think they're", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00019-00006665-00006973": "amazing because they get matches. There are tiers to it.", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00020-00006973-00007277": "Let's say you get like five dates a week; doesn't necessarily mean", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00021-00007277-00007545": "that you are extremely good. And also doesn't mean if", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00022-00007545-00007937": "you only get a date every other week. It also doesn't mean that", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00023-00007937-00008245": "you're bad at online dating because I've seen guys who got multiple", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00024-00008245-00008541": "days a week. But the only thing that they got is they look nice,", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00025-00008541-00008829": "they look very good and that's the only reason why they are getting", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00026-00008829-00009101": "any of these dates. And I've also seen guys who are very good", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00027-00009101-00009433": "at texting, but they only date, like one date every other week. The date", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00028-00009433-00009769": "quality is way higher. So there is levels to this and it's", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00029-00009769-00010105": "based on like person to person. Is very difficult to compare", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00030-00010105-00010437": "yourself in anything. I can have like a twin person and the twin", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00031-00010437-00010757": "person might be like better looking or the twin person might live", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00032-00010757-00011085": "in a city that's way easier. For example, if you are in New York,", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00033-00011085-00011381": "you're gonna have like way more success than if you drop me in", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00034-00011381-00011653": "like the middle of nowhere where there are 5000 people around.", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00035-00011653-00011893": "Of course I'm not going to have like five dates in the next week.", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00036-00011893-00012185": "So there's a lot of things you can take into consideration when", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00037-00012185-00012501": "we are talking about like what are the results. But I just want", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00038-00012501-00012837": "to give you guys a broad range of like what you can expect.", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00039-00012837-00013109": "You probably realize what the  most important thing is. But the", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00040-00013109-00013461": "most important thing is your profile. If you are amazing at texting,", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00041-00013461-00013765": "but your profile is the picture of a homeless person who's", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00042-00013765-00014049": "living on the street, you are not getting any dates. Being good", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00043-00014049-00014509": "looking is a part of it, but making sure you look good in pictures", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00044-00014509-00014785": "is the second part of it. So, some people are more photogenic", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00045-00014785-00015089": "and if you are not photogenic, you should be making a gazillion", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00046-00015089-00015373": "photos. Like one time I had a photoshoot, that was just one", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00047-00015373-00015725": "fucking picture and I took 500 pictures just to get one good", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00048-00015725-00016173": "one and I'm not even an Instagram model hey. So the reality is that", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00049-00016173-00016409": "if you want to have a great profile, you are going to take a", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00050-00016409-00016681": "lot of pictures because pictures are the most important thing", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00051-00016681-00017021": "to your profile and therefore online dating. There's a lot to", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00052-00017021-00017409": "them as well. The best way to get good photos  is to hire a photographer", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00053-00017409-00017689": "who is able to shoot good pictures and make sure that you actually", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00054-00017689-00018000": "ask for the pictures and ask for recommendations. We actually", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00055-00018000-00018308": "have a guide about taking pictures on our website so check that", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00056-00018308-00018572": "one out. And we also have one about editing because editing is", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00057-00018572-00018816": "huge as well when you want to have a great pictures. Like we", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00058-00018816-00019188": "can have a client that has mediocre to bad pictures and we can add like one", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00059-00019188-00019676": "point or 1.5 point on their attractiveness purely by editing their pictures.", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00060-00019676-00019976": "So editing pictures, a massively,  important thing as", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00061-00019976-00020272": "well. So keep that also in mind. So the first thing is having", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00062-00020272-00020572": "a great profile, that's how it is. Yeah, sorry. Like I wish I", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00063-00020572-00020824": "could tell you like, \"Hey! listen, you can just have horrible", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00064-00020824-00021104": "pictures.\" Back in the day when I had a horrible pictures. I know", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00065-00021104-00021380": "like matches were just not there and the quality that I would", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00066-00021380-00021716": "expect to get was not there. So pictures: most important thing.", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00067-00021716-00022068": "Spend a gazillion time on this. The way you should compare your profile", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00068-00022068-00022472": "is having like a resume in which you attract your significant", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00069-00022472-00022776": "other, right? So let's say you switch for a job. You are going", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00070-00022776-00023132": "to spend a couple of hours at least making a resume for a new", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00071-00023132-00023420": "job because you want to impress your new job. Some people even like", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00072-00023420-00023864": "do extra things purely to get to land a better job. That's the", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00073-00023864-00024144": "same how you should see this.  Like your online dating profile", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00074-00024144-00024516": "is your resume of like your love life. Therefore sometimes it", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00075-00024516-00024848": "might be good to fake. For example, an activity that might work", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00076-00024848-00025064": "good on the picture. For example, you pick up a guitar,", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00077-00025064-00025296": "and you pretend to play the guitar. Doesn't necessarily have to", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00078-00025296-00025580": "be that you play the guitar, but that's a  whole lot more interesting", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00079-00025580-00025848": "than standing against the white wall. Next up that you're gonna", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00080-00025848-00026204": "do is texting. If you are going to have a conversation and you're", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00081-00026204-00026527": "going to start the conversation with \"Hey!\" \"Hello\" \"How are you?\"", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00082-00026527-00026856": "You are probably not very good If your profile is amazing,", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00083-00026856-00027116": "you're probably going to land a date here and there. But besides", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00084-00027116-00027376": "that it's just not, it's not worth it. By the way, if you want", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00085-00027376-00027636": "to have some good openers, sign up to our newsletter, we give", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00086-00027636-00027936": "away three very high converting opening lines that you get like", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00087-00027936-00028383": "50 to 90% response rate on. So use those because those are actually good.", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00088-00028383-00028683": "Texting is kind of divided into three sections. So the opening", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00089-00028683-00028968": "section of making sure there's some sort of reaction coming", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00090-00028968-00029216": "from her. Then you have the section  where you attract her,", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00091-00029216-00029480": "get to know her all those kind of things and the end sequence,", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00092-00029480-00029744": "which is like getting to the closing part where you actually", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00093-00029744-00030036": "hopefully, eventually, go on a date with her because that's the", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00094-00030036-00030364": "purpose. We're not doing this just to entertain ourselves.", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00095-00030368-00030756": "So yeah, texting is a big thing and it is a little bit abstract.", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00096-00030756-00031092": "I would say it has a lot of variables in it. Like what's the", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00097-00031092-00031464": "girl? How does he perceive you?  What's the situation with the conversation?", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00098-00031464-00031872": "But keep that in mind that if you are an expert at online dating,", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00099-00031872-00032344": "you need to be an expert at how to message women. That's massively", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00100-00032344-00032572": "important. And if you're going to use the \"Hey, how are you?\" as", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00101-00032572-00032944": "opener, then I can tell you that you're not an expert at it.", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00102-00032944-00033384": "Next part is channels. An important part about doing this successful like", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00103-00033384-00033860": "on a bigger scale and more professional is  doing multiple channels.", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00104-00033860-00034132": "I see a lot of people that just have one channel. That channel", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00105-00034132-00034524": "is Tinder or the channel is Match or Hinge, Bumble, whatever.", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00106-00034524-00034852": "you don't have to stick to that one, you can use multiple and", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00107-00034852-00035228": "if you really want to take it very serious, then you are running", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00108-00035228-00035552": "multiple. There are slight differences. For example, Tinder in", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00109-00035552-00035988": "general is more of a hook up date versus Bumble and Hinge which", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00110-00036000-00036416": "are more towards the serious side, which is not a given thing,", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00111-00036416-00036748": "but that's how it goes. So if you want to get great results,", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00112-00036748-00037168": "use multiple channels. The more the better, in general. Of course", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00113-00037168-00037592": "what comes with using a lot of channels: time. Time is massive.", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00114-00037592-00037928": "If you want to run like very good online dating, you are going", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00115-00037928-00038344": "to spend a lot of time on dating apps and on your Messenger and", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00116-00038344-00038720": "on WhatsApp and on Instagram.  You're going to use platforms", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00117-00038720-00039016": "a lot because it's needed. Is a require. Definitely if you are in", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00118-00039016-00039312": "the middle of a conversation, for example, with a girl, you have", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00119-00039312-00039648": "to be spending sometimes five minutes  to up to 30 minutes just", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00120-00039648-00039992": "with that one conversation that might- that 30 minute conversation might", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00121-00039992-00040348": "lead to a date next week or whatever. But that is the requirement.", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00122-00040348-00040608": "You cannot be spending five minutes in  the morning, and five minutes", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00123-00040608-00040924": "at night and expect, hey, you're gonna be getting a ton of dates", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00124-00040924-00041156": "and everything is gonna be amazing. That's not how it goes,", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00125-00041156-00041456": "definitely if you are running multiple  channels so that's massive.", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00126-00041456-00041836": "It's massive the fact that you have to spend a bunch of time.", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00127-00041836-00042200": "That's also why it's not feasible for everyone to be having to", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00128-00042200-00042540": "be an expert at this. That's not feasible. It's also not required", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00129-00042540-00042908": "and most guys should be focusing on their normal life and maybe", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00130-00042908-00043320": "for a short period of time, get good with online dating and fix", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00131-00043320-00043676": "that area, but then move on to the next part and run a business", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00132-00043676-00043976": "or get a cool hobby. You know, start fitnessing all those kind", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00133-00043976-00044216": "of things. It requires a lot of time definitely if you want to", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00134-00044216-00044544": "get good results is going to require you to put in a lot of time", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00135-00044544-00044900": "when you are at a very high level with online dating. One thing", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00136-00044900-00045288": "that you will see is you are getting a very high conversion rate", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00137-00045288-00045560": "compared to other people. So other people, they will need", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00138-00045560-00045880": "an X amount. Let's say 20 conversations  before they actually", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00139-00045880-00046204": "end up with a date and you might only take like five, or you might", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00140-00046204-00046620": "only take like three. The same goes in reality like talking to girls.", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00141-00046620-00046904": "Like if you're very good you can get success very well because", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00142-00046904-00047188": "you are able to convert conversations so much better. All those", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00143-00047188-00047512": "times that the conversation can go badly, you're able to make", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00144-00047512-00047804": "it better. Therefore your results are going to be better when", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00145-00047804-00048200": "you are running like expert level with  online dating. Your conversation", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00146-00048200-00048420": "rate is gonna be through the roof, which also means that you're", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00147-00048420-00048804": "gonna be having 10, 20 conversations when you open your chat,", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00148-00048804-00049036": "there's just so many people are gonna be replying. So that's", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00149-00049036-00049352": "also where the time comes from. Another side note that experts", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00150-00049352-00049792": "do and what I see people that are new or bad at it don't do is", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00151-00049792-00050216": "the whole reopening part. Definitely reopening in a successful", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00152-00050240-00050588": "way. So reopening conversations that's massively important.", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00153-00050588-00050872": "if you want to be successful. Because you   will get lost, she will", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00154-00050872-00051180": "get lost. A lot of things happen during your life. Maybe she", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00155-00051180-00051500": "opens the chat of the conversation and then  maybe a colleague says something", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00156-00051500-00051860": "to her and she forgets about it. Goes to her  Instagram, must forget", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00157-00051860-00052132": "that she ever opened your conversation.  Therefore she's not gonna", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00158-00052132-00052484": "reply. So, reopening is massive when you want to reach expert level.", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00159-00052484-00052912": "One side effect about being very good with online dating is that", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00160-00052912-00053312": "you will be in a position to have a lot of dates if you want", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00161-00053312-00053632": "to have that. And that can also cost a lot of time. But for", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00162-00053632-00053964": "example a friend of mine one week,  he had 10 dates, so he had", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00163-00053964-00054255": "like three days where he had like multiple dates on that time.", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00164-00054255-00054552": "So he had a date at six and he had a date at ten. That requires", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00165-00054552-00054940": "so much time and mental energy and  stuff like that. Most people", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00166-00054940-00055224": "don't necessarily choose for that, even if they are in expert", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00167-00055224-00055488": "level. I would never want to have 10 dates in a week.", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00168-00055488-00055867": "It would just not be something that  I would enjoy. I prefer to have like max", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00169-00055867-00056164": "four dates in a week, that's like the top of my limit. I'm fine", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00170-00056164-00056544": "with doing that. So dating part is a big thing. Besides that,", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00171-00056544-00056932": "like how actually dates are run, that's another big thing. So what", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00172-00056932-00057300": "you are seeing with people who are  new to online dating and new", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00173-00057300-00057579": "to like how to optimize your dating. With those people, they are", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00174-00057579-00057912": "not experienced with how to set up dating sequence, so they're", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00175-00057912-00058232": "not experienced like okay, how do you run an effective date because", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00176-00058232-00058488": "their date is like okay we're going to do something or we're", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00177-00058488-00058776": "going to go see a movie or whatever  they want to do. That's not", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00178-00058776-00059079": "effective and like how to convert those dates is even worse.", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00179-00059079-00059460": "So when you are good at online dating in general because you've", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00180-00059460-00059867": "had probably over 100 dates, you are going to be good at dating,", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00181-00059867-00060176": "so therefore your dates are also going to have a high conversion", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00182-00060176-00060504": "rate to whatever the thing is that you want to do. Like some", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00183-00060504-00060791": "people, they want to get into relationships  and they know how", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00184-00060791-00061148": "to do that very quickly. How to bond with people very quickly.", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00185-00061148-00061455": "A lot of people they will snip around like very quickly,", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00186-00061455-00061896": "so there they will hook up a lot on the first date. Now for some", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00187-00061896-00062388": "other points that are maybe less... enjoyable. First is, girls are gonna", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00188-00062388-00062655": "fall in love with you. Of course, that's enjoyable and it's nice,", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00189-00062655-00063000": "but if you are just looking to meet some fun people and you got", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00190-00063000-00063264": "a girl that's head over heels in love with you, then you are", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00191-00063264-00063520": "a little bit, a little bit like whoa. You will have to deal with", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00192-00063520-00063804": "the fact that there is going to be a bunch of girls who are going", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00193-00063804-00064104": "to fall in love with you. Like that's a big thing. If you are", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00194-00064104-00064424": "an expert with online dating is there's  going to be so many girls", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00195-00064424-00064764": "that are heavily into you that you still need to deal with.", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00196-00064764-00065008": "Like it's not just like \"Hey, we hooked up!\" and then you ban", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00197-00065008-00065300": "them or you block them like that's a dick move. Don't do those kind of things.", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00198-00065300-00065624": "You need to manage that properly. Manage the expectations of the", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00199-00065624-00065980": "girl properly. Those are things that come into play when you're", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00200-00066000-00066364": "dating that many girls and when you want to get something out", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00201-00066364-00066660": "of it, out of this situation. So that's an important one as well.", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00202-00066660-00066976": "Another interesting side effect is when you've reached an expert", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00203-00066976-00067296": "level in online dating is girls become less valuable and I don't", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00204-00067296-00067544": "necessarily wanted to say it seeing that in a meaning way,", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00205-00067544-00068008": "but I know guys that haven't had sex in like fucking forever", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00206-00068008-00068308": "and then a girl gives them a little bit of attention and they", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00207-00068308-00068612": "drop everything: they drop their work, their friends,", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00208-00068612-00068856": "they cancel on their friends, they cancel on their family...", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00209-00068856-00069212": "Everything gets canceled because there's one girl that showed", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00210-00069212-00069468": "some interest in this guy and that's- that's the thing", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00211-00069468-00069736": "that you don't want to happen, right? Like you want to live your", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00212-00069736-00070044": "own life. The girl joins that life that you're having. You don't", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00213-00070044-00070304": "want to be having like, \"Hey, by the way, I have a life, except when", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00214-00070304-00070600": "I'm with you, because then I drop everything  and don't work out anymore\".", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00215-00070600-00070848": "All those kind of things. If you reach to the stage where you're an", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00216-00070848-00071172": "expert in online dating, you will have that less because girls", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00217-00071172-00071632": "will become more normal to have around. Two points that you are", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00218-00071632-00071948": "going to be enjoying, if you reach expert level and what I see", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00219-00071948-00072364": "a lot with guys who reach that is they have a very high level", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00220-00072364-00072700": "of confidence and you get a lot of abundance because there's", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00221-00072700-00073024": "just more girls around, so you feel more at ease and you feel", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00222-00073024-00073440": "more confident. It's also that having  girls around you is... other", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00223-00073472-00073840": "people like it as well. If I hang out with a guy, I prefer him", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00224-00073840-00074200": "to have a successful love life. I also prefer him to have a successful", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00225-00074200-00074524": "business and be healthy, all those kind of things. So people will", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00226-00074524-00074832": "be interested in you and will value you more. How weird that", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00227-00074832-00075112": "sounds, based on like how good you're dating life is.", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00228-00075112-00075536": "People evaluate you on everything and one of those things is", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00229-00075536-00075912": "how successful is that person with the other sex. Now I do want", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00230-00075912-00076228": "to give you guys some tips on things that you can be doing,", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00231-00076228-00076524": "to get you more towards the expert level because in general,", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00232-00076524-00076848": "I'm not gonna lie, it's very good to be very good at online dating.", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00233-00076848-00077296": "It's- it's very pleasant to have a lot of girls that you can get", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00234-00077296-00077608": "through online dating without leaving  the house and just chilling on", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00235-00077608-00077912": "the couch and just texting. So there are three things to get", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00236-00077912-00078452": "faster to that stage. One is take a real good look at your profile.", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00237-00078452-00078784": "Your profile is massively important as discussed before. So work", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00238-00078784-00079112": "on that and what I can do for you guys is for the first time", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00239-00079112-00079420": "subscribers to our Youtube channel,  I will be giving", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00240-00079420-00079764": "away a profile analysis, so I will be evaluating your profile", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00241-00079764-00079980": "and telling you, \"Hey listen, these are things that you need to", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00242-00079980-00080244": "do different, how to get your profile to the next level.\"", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00243-00080244-00080532": "This will be free of charge. Just a free giveaway. So if you're", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00244-00080532-00080792": "interested subscribe and leave a comment, then we'll get in touch", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00245-00080792-00081096": "with you. Okay, next up: There's the texting part. You need to", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00246-00081096-00081400": "get better at texting. So for how to get better at texting is", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00247-00081400-00081752": "just do it a lot and read about it. Read our website, check out", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00248-00081752-00082060": "our videos. We're actually working on a project right now on like", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00249-00082060-00082404": "how to be better at texting and the whole shabang around online", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00250-00082404-00082736": "dating. Also evaluate the texting. Like when you are texting", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00251-00082736-00083068": "with a person think like \"Okay,  where am I in this conversation?\"", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00252-00083068-00083392": "And if I want to get from A to point B, like what do I need", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00253-00083392-00083792": "to do right now? Alright.  Next up: practice. Practice! I know,", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00254-00083792-00084100": "so easy! If you want to get better  at this just like if you want", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00255-00084100-00084344": "to get better at football, you got to be doing it a lot.", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00256-00084344-00084736": "Open up more channels next to Tinder:  get on Bumble or get on", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00257-00084736-00085008": "Hinge. Or if you are already in Hinge and you're like \"Tinder is just", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00258-00085008-00085344": "for hookups. I hate Tinder.\" Still go on it, just do practice and just", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00259-00085344-00085644": "to get experience with like how to do the texting. And for example", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00260-00085644-00085964": "you can even do is let's say you use  one channel purely for testing.", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00261-00085964-00086236": "So you can even just testing and then check out our openers.", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00262-00086236-00086500": "You know like, hey, wait, let me test out this opener. Just go", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00263-00086500-00086756": "on Tinder and just use our opener on Tinder. And you're like,", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00264-00086756-00087228": "\"Hey yeah. Shit. His Tinder opener works very well\" and then you can use", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00265-00087228-00087596": "those openers that we give you on your main channel that you're", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00266-00087596-00087876": "running. So those are the three things that you can be doing", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00267-00087876-00088268": "to reach that expert level quicker. Okay, this is actually what", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00268-00088268-00088612": "we do as a business. So for Hovalo...  Hovalo actually takes over", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00269-00088612-00088948": "the profiles of our customers so our customers don't have to", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00270-00088948-00089240": "go through the whole shabang. We do the part like we take over", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00271-00089240-00089560": "their profile, we optimize their profile, help with photoshoots", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00272-00089560-00089804": "and do the texting part all the way to setting up the dates.", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00273-00089804-00090160": "Our clients can just lay back, be comfortable and wait till dates", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00274-00090160-00090420": "get set up. If you have the time when you have to do it yourself,", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00275-00090420-00090692": "I would as well recommend you to  just do it yourself. If you liked", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00276-00090692-00091100": "the video, Please, like the video. It helps us out a lot, so that", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00277-00091100-00091380": "would be amazing. Leave the comment. If you have any questions,", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00278-00091380-00091684": "let me know if you are interested in the profile analysis,", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00279-00091684-00092060": "leave a comment as well and subscribe  to our channel and thank", "2Ti3vW8JdOo-00280-00092060-00092276": "you guys for watching. See you in the next one."}}, {"audio_id": "2To7E2iWxSU", "text": {"2To7E2iWxSU-00000-00000008-00000840": "Next we have Sebastian, Troy and Dan on the engineering panel where we’RE going to discuss", "2To7E2iWxSU-00001-00000840-00001639": "about how to build strong engineering orgs. So I'll invite them to the stream. Hey Troy,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00002-00001752-00002560": "hey Dan and hey Sebastian. Hi, you guys. Great. So a quick intro. So Troy is a co-founder of", "2To7E2iWxSU-00003-00002560-00003368": "Courier. They are into API notifications, and Dan is a VP of engineering at Replit and", "2To7E2iWxSU-00004-00003584-00004056": "we have Sebastian, he was a co-founder of Docker and now he's a co-founder of Opstrace.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00005-00004120-00004584": "Great. So let's get right into it to start with one of the questions, which", "2To7E2iWxSU-00006-00004584-00005040": "like, you know wanted to ask was in the initial days, generally,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00007-00005040-00005400": "founders write the first lines of code or build the first, first versions of", "2To7E2iWxSU-00008-00005400-00005960": "the product. At what point did you hire your first engineer or first couple of engineers?", "2To7E2iWxSU-00009-00005960-00006152": "Probably. Yeah, we can start with Sebastian.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00010-00006280-00007104": "Sure, we were very small when we started as soon as we had a prototype, we started talking to our", "2To7E2iWxSU-00011-00007104-00007704": "first outside engineers. We wanted to have a good idea of what we were going to build. We wanted to", "2To7E2iWxSU-00012-00007704-00008272": "make sure that this was going to be something that we were committed to do for a while.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00013-00008272-00008728": "And once we had built this and once we had something that worked and it's different", "2To7E2iWxSU-00014-00008728-00009120": "for everyone, I'm just talking about our story for Opstrace itself - we got", "2To7E2iWxSU-00015-00009216-00009776": "somebody else involved. And I also remember him in the early .cloud days. We kind of", "2To7E2iWxSU-00016-00009776-00010168": "did the same things - we always got together with other people early together.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00017-00010312-00010960": "Not just by ourselves to kind of work with others and bring people on that kind of have this mindset", "2To7E2iWxSU-00018-00010960-00011624": "of wanting to do new things that are different. That's not always possible, not always desired.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00019-00011624-00012032": "This is just the route we did and I like it. So I don't know how I would do it differently.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00020-00012112-00012863": "Yeah. Great. How about you, Troy? Yeah, look, I think one of the things worth noting is that", "2To7E2iWxSU-00021-00012863-00013376": "all three of us are kind of in the same genre or industry, right. Which is either dev tools", "2To7E2iWxSU-00022-00013376-00013840": "or dev tools adjacent. And I think that that means you probably have to, we probably had", "2To7E2iWxSU-00023-00013840-00014408": "to hire engineering earlier than some other companies, right? Because like fundamentally", "2To7E2iWxSU-00024-00014408-00014936": "the tools that we are building at Courier, at Replit and at Opstrace are tools for engineers", "2To7E2iWxSU-00025-00014936-00015360": "and you, you kinda got to build enough that that's gotta be like, better than", "2To7E2iWxSU-00026-00015360-00015944": "what they would just build themselves. Right. So you know, there's, there's a lot of great", "2To7E2iWxSU-00027-00016080-00016712": "content. Hey, so don't build stuff, right. Just like throw together some web forums and stuff.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00028-00016712-00017184": "And like, I think that that's maybe like really good feedback for certain verticals, but for", "2To7E2iWxSU-00029-00017272-00017656": "dev tools, like, I, I don't think that you could really get away with that.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00030-00017808-00018400": "Great, and Dan, do you have anything to add? Yeah, I’m talking from Replit legend,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00031-00018400-00018896": "but there's some magic that comes from having a team of three to five people building for a long,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00032-00018896-00019752": "long time. So for Replit, that team was - - - for a long, many, many, many years, it was just", "2To7E2iWxSU-00033-00019752-00020104": "the four of them. And a lot of great things came out of that.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00034-00020264-00021128": "Great. Yeah, that's great to hear all of your stories. So apart from the programming skills,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00035-00021128-00022128": "what else do you look for in an engineer? Yeah, sure. Who wants to go first? I'll throw something", "2To7E2iWxSU-00036-00022128-00022824": "in here. You know, I, I I've found like those first few hires to be really challenging, not just", "2To7E2iWxSU-00037-00022824-00023440": "in finding the right person, but finding somebody who will agree to do it is frankly pretty crazy,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00038-00023440-00024032": "right? Like those first few hires, right. They're taking on a ton of risk. Ideally they're getting,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00039-00024032-00024624": "getting a nice equity chunk. Right. But like they're starting maybe months after the founders.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00040-00024624-00025152": "Right? Like they could probably go find something in themselves. If they had the appetite for that.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00041-00025208-00025927": "So so one of the things is just identifying what is the you know, What are the parameters that you", "2To7E2iWxSU-00042-00025927-00026544": "need to identify for somebody who's willing to do it. Right. And I found a few like AngelList worked", "2To7E2iWxSU-00043-00026544-00027064": "really well for me, I've found because in part, because it was one of the few sites at the time", "2To7E2iWxSU-00044-00027064-00027712": "that let me specify, you know, people looking for this size company like that zero to 10, right.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00045-00027712-00028039": "Triplebyte, for example, the time didn't work well for me, because a lot of the folks wanting", "2To7E2iWxSU-00046-00028039-00028416": "to go to like a banking company. If you have any interest in going to a banking company,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00047-00028416-00028912": "you're probably not going to join the zero to 10, like a, so like so divergent. So I", "2To7E2iWxSU-00048-00028912-00029360": "think that's a big part of, it was just like, who was crazy enough to even agree to do it.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00049-00029360-00029976": "And then, yeah. And then interview from there. And, and often I find that just like for", "2To7E2iWxSU-00050-00030048-00030632": "finding a co-founder it's usually is like finding people that you've worked with before people that,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00051-00030632-00031183": "you know, like that will trust you to execute on something or at least try out something with", "2To7E2iWxSU-00052-00031183-00031760": "other people versus necessarily just putting - it’s very hard to just put a job posting", "2To7E2iWxSU-00053-00031760-00032160": "out there. It's possible - lots of people did it successfully. I know a lot that did it this way,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00054-00032160-00032752": "but it's kind of some, you want somebody who, who wants to try something very new. And I", "2To7E2iWxSU-00055-00032752-00033280": "think definitely I've never seen somebody come from like a fan company, do it or something.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00056-00033672-00034048": "Everything exists everywhere. It's a big switch. It's a big switch.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00057-00034184-00034712": "In, in developer tools hiring from your community is also very powerful.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00058-00034800-00035248": "We've had a lot of good luck whether contractors, interns, or full-time people,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00059-00035320-00035936": "people who really want to see the product succeed and thrive and have a lot of opinions about it.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00060-00036088-00036288": "They'll be crazy enough to do it. Yeah.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00061-00036392-00036824": "If you do something that's small enough that you can throw out very quickly. And somebody's", "2To7E2iWxSU-00062-00036824-00037248": "like that then gets a lot of attention, then it's different, right? Like lots of open sources", "2To7E2iWxSU-00063-00037336-00037832": "companies that started with something they can attract very quickly as well.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00064-00037832-00038520": "So it's really, there's not one thing that rules them all. Great. Yeah. That's good to know, like,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00065-00038520-00038952": "you know, in the same line, say for example, the initial set of engineers are formed. Like,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00066-00038952-00039376": "you know, in the beginning, generally there's not much process around - like just scrappy,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00067-00039376-00039544": "like writing code, pushing it, deploying it.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00068-00039544-00039944": "So what are some of the early processes, which like, you know, you put in place to", "2To7E2iWxSU-00069-00039944-00040528": "like build a good, good engineering team. Like maybe you can start with Dan. Yeah. I mean,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00070-00040528-00040816": "what you said, like you want to keep that as long as you can.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00071-00040904-00041448": "So that's what we're focusing on really right now is we believe in strong ownership, like engineers", "2To7E2iWxSU-00072-00041448-00041888": "take something from design doc all the way out through shipping and, and blogging about it.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00073-00042008-00042840": "And we, we accept the chaos that, that, that, that ensues or the small amount of chaos.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00074-00042912-00043312": "But really when we're talking to people it’s - Are you excited about the product? Are you", "2To7E2iWxSU-00075-00043312-00043856": "excited about the mission and do you, can you keep making progress even in the face", "2To7E2iWxSU-00076-00043856-00044320": "of uncertainty? And that goes from the phone screen all the way through the onsite interview,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00077-00044320-00044680": "people who move fast, even when it's not quite clear where they're headed", "2To7E2iWxSU-00078-00044680-00044984": "or what the final product's going to be, they're going to be great.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00079-00045036-00045648": "Yeah, for sure. I've noticed that even if you have the most interesting product in the world,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00080-00045648-00045968": "if you build an engineering team and then you start shipping only every six", "2To7E2iWxSU-00081-00045968-00046408": "months or worse every year, your team is going to dissolve and not be interested,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00082-00046408-00046752": "you need to ship constantly and fast. And that requires a lot.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00083-00046912-00047448": "So totally agree. Like there are a lot of like different failure states for engineering teams", "2To7E2iWxSU-00084-00047448-00047920": "and engineering processes, but like kind of the only one that matters in the early days is", "2To7E2iWxSU-00085-00047976-00048456": "not shipping fast enough, like to Sebastian's point. Right. So I would say like, optimize", "2To7E2iWxSU-00086-00048456-00049024": "everything possible around how do we, how do we minimize the risk of not shipping fast enough?", "2To7E2iWxSU-00087-00049024-00049376": "Right. And that's like, get the tooling and processes in place that make it like really", "2To7E2iWxSU-00088-00049376-00049856": "easy to get to production. Right. Like a continuous delivery, if at all possible,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00089-00049856-00050416": "right. Where you commit to master, maybe somebody, you know, reviews a PR and boom, 10 minutes later,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00090-00050416-00050976": "it's live in production. Also setting up like the cadence and like your process, you know, as you,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00091-00050976-00051264": "as you grow a little bit bigger, like probably like the first three engineers, you don't need", "2To7E2iWxSU-00092-00051264-00051760": "any process, but as you get even above that, you probably want to have some minimal process.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00093-00051760-00052048": "And I would even then optimize that process around like, Hey,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00094-00052048-00052640": "what process will cause us to go fast? Yeah, you don't want to, you don't want to lose,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00095-00052640-00053184": "you don't want to lose that, that momentum, like it's you can keep saying like, oh, we're,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00096-00053184-00053600": "we'll start with, we'll just check this and we'll check this next time and we'll check that", "2To7E2iWxSU-00097-00053600-00054055": "before, you know it, you're triple checking and you're still making mistakes and moving slow.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00098-00054055-00054552": "So it's you just have to keep going. It's better to check through code - and if", "2To7E2iWxSU-00099-00054552-00055184": "you have the luxury to start early, early on, you do a good testing infrastructure,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00100-00055184-00055760": "good monitoring infrastructure that allows you to ship without, without even necessarily in the", "2To7E2iWxSU-00101-00055760-00056184": "early days reviews, right? Like you have certain people that know, and if it breaks, it breaks", "2To7E2iWxSU-00102-00056240-00056640": "that sounds bad in certain organizations, but in the beginning, it's not bad at all.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00103-00056640-00057448": "And at least. To me. And so, and it seems like you guys agree but like, of course you wants to put", "2To7E2iWxSU-00104-00057448-00058055": "gates in, but gates through codes are a thousand times better than gates through process people,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00105-00058055-00058384": "because these are the ones that actually like can", "2To7E2iWxSU-00106-00058384-00058840": "go fast. And we're lucky that we have technologies today that allow you to do this so much more.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00107-00059167-00059624": "Yeah, I would say like the gates should be through code and like the process,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00108-00059624-00060360": "the human process should be more about prioritization.That's a nice way to put", "2To7E2iWxSU-00109-00060360-00060944": "it. Yeah. The first few engineers generally, like, you know, does many things like, you know,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00110-00060944-00061400": "full select front and back and all these other things, like at what point or like, which at what", "2To7E2iWxSU-00111-00061400-00061864": "point do you bring in some kind of a team lead or like, you know, someone to take care of the team?", "2To7E2iWxSU-00112-00061864-00062248": "Like, you know, is it the 10th engineer or 15th, or like, what does that, yeah,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00113-00062391-00062920": "I heard, I heard some good advice, which is at eight engineers - you stop being able to direct", "2To7E2iWxSU-00114-00062920-00063416": "traffic. That doesn't mean you hire somebody at that point, but you're,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00115-00063416-00063800": "you're going to need to really start delegating that, that direction setting.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00116-00063944-00064408": "And yeah, and, and hiring people who are going to keep moving forward,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00117-00064408-00064840": "even under uncertainty helps a lot there. You can squeeze that team a lot farther.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00118-00065000-00065600": "Yeah. It really depends on who you hire, honestly. There's no hard and fast rule. Like", "2To7E2iWxSU-00119-00065672-00066120": "I like, yeah, I remember I've only joined organizations that started with management", "2To7E2iWxSU-00120-00066120-00066792": "much, much later when I was at CloudFlare and there was it's yeah, it's much, much, much later.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00121-00066792-00067208": "And that’s usually what I prefer, but that's, again, my preference eh,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00122-00067400-00067856": "it's important to have some way of working together and coordinating. Of course.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00123-00068000-00068504": "Yeah, I would agree with Dan like that 8 person team is, is like, starts to become kind of like", "2To7E2iWxSU-00124-00068504-00069168": "the rough max, right. What, what really a single team with a shared single identity can, can be.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00125-00069168-00069440": "And then you start to have to look at like a hub and spoke model.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00126-00069440-00069792": "Right. And I don't think, to Sebastian's point, you necessarily need a manager", "2To7E2iWxSU-00127-00069792-00070280": "right away. You know, if you, you can break up and have teams of, you know,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00128-00070280-00070824": "three teams of three, right. And they could each have kind of their own processes,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00129-00070824-00071360": "as long as you do have somebody on each of those teams who's might not be a manager, but is", "2To7E2iWxSU-00130-00071488-00071880": "self motivated, I guess, and has some organizational skills and communication skills", "2To7E2iWxSU-00131-00071880-00072760": "that can kind of help make sure that it continues. Yeah. Yeah, no, go for it. Go for it. Sebastian.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00132-00072760-00073192": "Just gonna say one thing that I wanted to add, like we're talking about engineering organizations", "2To7E2iWxSU-00133-00073192-00073448": "and if you're a young startup where you're going to branch out first, it's not", "2To7E2iWxSU-00134-00073528-00074032": "management for engineering, but other functions, other ideas that you've been", "2To7E2iWxSU-00135-00074032-00074520": "doing or other people that it wasn't their job to do. We were talking about these first", "2To7E2iWxSU-00136-00074520-00075064": "few crucial engineers that you hire that do things that are not in their job description", "2To7E2iWxSU-00137-00075064-00075488": "technically. Well, at some point you want to specialize certain functions.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00138-00075776-00076488": "I've seen this happen way before management. Great. Dan, you have something to add?", "2To7E2iWxSU-00139-00076672-00076928": "I was just going to say - you just need somebody to herd the cats.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00140-00077032-00077456": "They don't have to have a manager at the title. And they can be a cat themselves, but", "2To7E2iWxSU-00141-00077656-00078160": "yeah. So age is a magic number anyways so yeah, in terms of like,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00142-00078160-00078512": "as founders how has your role changed over the course of time?", "2To7E2iWxSU-00143-00078512-00078888": "Like, do you still contribute to code base? How much do you do? And like, you know,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00144-00078888-00079536": "how are you involved in day-to-day in engineering decisions? Maybe we can start with Troy.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00145-00079688-00080416": "Sure. So look, we're about two years old and I really don't ever contribute to the code base", "2To7E2iWxSU-00146-00080416-00081064": "now. So I would say that like the first three months it was like,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00147-00081064-00081440": "I was just a programmer build, build, build, get the MVP and then.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00148-00081520-00082104": "The, the drop-off from there was like pretty precipitous. Right. So as the CEO of the company,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00149-00082104-00082512": "right, it was all of a sudden like, okay, now, like talking to investors and talking to customers", "2To7E2iWxSU-00150-00082656-00083128": "as we grew, like, I primarily hired engineers for like the first, you know, quite a few hires.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00151-00083128-00083688": "And so I kind of just shouldered everything else. And so I would say by", "2To7E2iWxSU-00152-00083688-00084064": "like month, six, less than half of my time was engineering.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00153-00084064-00084488": "And then by the end of like year one, it was like a negligible amount - every now", "2To7E2iWxSU-00154-00084488-00084896": "and then I'll hop into like a side project or like a open source repo, or like, you know,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00155-00084896-00085584": "committing to our website, but like the core backend stuff I'm not making commits to anymore.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00156-00085672-00086072": "Yeah. I don't have much to add to what Troy has to say, except that", "2To7E2iWxSU-00157-00086072-00086664": "for me, it took me quite a bit of time to to get rid of, like to say,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00158-00086664-00087080": "I'm going to stop focusing on how we build things and how these things are connected", "2To7E2iWxSU-00159-00087080-00087728": "from a high level. I love it. And even I love the intricacies of them, but like, I try to reserve.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00160-00087728-00088160": "I used to constantly say, oh yeah, we should do it like this. Or like this. I stopped that.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00161-00088160-00088608": "Like, and I hope that my engineering team can tell me yet you stop telling us how to do it.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00162-00088672-00088944": "Because I think it's good. I think you like,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00163-00088944-00089456": "that's why you have other people and you need to focus on other things. And these,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00164-00089456-00090064": "it comes like, like, like Troy said, it comes fast and maybe earlier than you think yeah.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00165-00090432-00091128": "Yeah, no, we've got the bias towards people being hands on at, at all levels at Replit. So when,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00166-00091200-00091552": "when, when I started, I was, I was deep in it for many, many, many months.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00167-00091640-00092464": "And then it was a much more gradual phasing out for me. The founder was deep in it for a long,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00168-00092464-00092944": "long time until he had to say, okay, if I have to touch the code, we've, we've screwed up somewhere.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00169-00093104-00093808": "Somebody is not watching something. And he had to say that because people, people love to build.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00170-00093888-00094272": "They just love to build. Yeah. By the way, I have to add that it helps to", "2To7E2iWxSU-00171-00094272-00094704": "have very technical co-founders in teams. Right. It's not always the same. Sometimes", "2To7E2iWxSU-00172-00094704-00095120": "the CEO is the technical person. Sometimes multiple people are the technical person.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00173-00095248-00095912": "So yeah, that's it to each their own. Great. Yeah. That's, that's great. Then", "2To7E2iWxSU-00174-00095984-00096352": "there's this thing on like more fast and break things nowadays. It's more", "2To7E2iWxSU-00175-00096352-00096688": "about fast with stability. So what kind of like, you know,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00176-00096688-00097120": "process do you or what kind of things do you put in place to ensure safe code quality?", "2To7E2iWxSU-00177-00097416-00097952": "Testing. Lots of testing. We talked about the gates, right? That's one thing that we're", "2To7E2iWxSU-00178-00097952-00098304": "obsessive about at are like, we're building an open source project and we want to make", "2To7E2iWxSU-00179-00098304-00099088": "sure that constantly works. So we, we try to make sure we test everything we release often.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00180-00099184-00099608": "A lot of it doesn't matter if you build a PR, a SAS or something else, if you,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00181-00099608-00099984": "whatever, if you release all the time, I think things will be safer.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00182-00099984-00100432": "You think it's not, if you break things, if you don't release all the time, in my opinion, like", "2To7E2iWxSU-00183-00100432-00100848": "the smaller, the releases, the more tests, the better the monitoring you get with these things,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00184-00100904-00101408": "the less problems you're going to have. So it's not, it's move fast and break small things.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00185-00101408-00101512": "That's it I'll leave it there.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00186-00101928-00102816": "Our motto is move fast and pay attention. Yeah. That's yeah. And", "2To7E2iWxSU-00187-00102816-00103144": "you don't pay attention when you're when you're, when you're shipping infrequently, but if you're,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00188-00103144-00103552": "if you're constantly deploying, it's, it's just part of your life. Really,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00189-00103632-00104040": "and, and, and, and having a good post-mortem process for the incidents that do happen.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00190-00104096-00104432": "It's really worth it. That's where you you learn so much.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00191-00104552-00104800": "And you, you get better. You get a lot better.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00192-00105020-00105640": "The only thing I would add here is, again, this is another thing that I think depends a little", "2To7E2iWxSU-00193-00105640-00106032": "bit on your vertical. Or like a specific thing that you're implementing, right. Like", "2To7E2iWxSU-00194-00106032-00106456": "I think that there are some apps or products that you could build", "2To7E2iWxSU-00195-00106456-00106728": "where I would probably say you probably should just move fast and break things.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00196-00106728-00107144": "Right. And I think like the social space productivity tool space might still,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00197-00107144-00107744": "that might still be the thing that you want to do. Because like the impact of breaking it is smaller", "2To7E2iWxSU-00198-00107744-00108376": "than like certainly Opstrace and Courier are both like 24/ 7 live like being sent messages. Yeah.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00199-00108480-00108976": "Like programmatically, like not by a human, like a human is not the one constantly doing the thing.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00200-00108976-00109583": "And so if you break that you could have millions and millions of failures about like anyone. No.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00201-00109583-00109944": "One's able to like say, oh, I'm just going to stop doing that. I'll come back to it later. So", "2To7E2iWxSU-00202-00109944-00110288": "I think you have to balance it based upon like, how is your product actually used?", "2To7E2iWxSU-00203-00110448-00111111": "Great. Then one of the thing is like as and when teams grow with what I've seen as like, you know,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00204-00111111-00111496": "when you, after your engineering team, you hire marketing team and sales team, like, you know,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00205-00111496-00111840": "in general, the communication isn’t really much, like,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00206-00111840-00112248": "engineer's kind of like, you know, do their own job, they don't really talk to each other much.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00207-00112248-00112456": "So what, what, what do you think you,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00208-00112456-00112808": "like you have done to probably encourage this between teams?", "2To7E2iWxSU-00209-00113111-00113744": "Maybe we can start with Dan. Yeah. Encouraging people to talk to each other. Yeah. Between", "2To7E2iWxSU-00210-00113744-00114440": "teams between say marketing and engineering, sales and engineering. Yes. I mean, the, the big secret", "2To7E2iWxSU-00211-00114440-00114872": "is to stay as small as you can, for as long as you can, but after, after you cross that point", "2To7E2iWxSU-00212-00115032-00115576": "yeah, I've, I've found my role more and more is to, is to just let people know, oh, Hey,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00213-00115576-00115976": "so-and-so is thinking of building this when I'm, when I'm talking to business or marketing.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00214-00116056-00116583": "And, and just, just gently nudge people together. It works wonders.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00215-00116704-00117559": "And yeah, it's as straightforward as that. Yeah. I mean, in our case, we're not at that stage at", "2To7E2iWxSU-00216-00117559-00118152": "all. So like I've only done it at other people's companies and like there's, there's many things.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00217-00118152-00118608": "There's many different ways to do it, but it's just keeping an honest, open communication, right.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00218-00118608-00119040": "Like a line between people and like, remember that everybody's human,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00219-00119040-00119535": "that's it? I would, I would say like, it's starts with transparency first.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00220-00119616-00120064": "Right. Like my, my interest, if I'm an engineer and my interest in like what's going on on sales", "2To7E2iWxSU-00221-00120064-00120592": "and marketing is going to first be like being able to see and check out what's going on.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00222-00120592-00121135": "And then being able to like engage is like a next level of engagement. So if you don't have", "2To7E2iWxSU-00223-00121135-00121544": "the transparency in place, it's really hard to get that engagement. So first, like, make it really,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00224-00121544-00122000": "really transparent so that if somebody is just curious or interested, it's easy for them to", "2To7E2iWxSU-00225-00122000-00122344": "get that information without having to have like a Salesforce account or whatever it is.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00226-00122344-00122872": "Right. So they can get that. And then. Just find like ways to incentivize things. We like,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00227-00122872-00123280": "we do silly stuff in slack. Like we just rolled out recently this app called Hey", "2To7E2iWxSU-00228-00123280-00123744": "Taco where people can like award people, tacos, or, you know, Hey,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00229-00123744-00124200": "thanks for hopping on this customer call with me. Or, you know, things like that, where it", "2To7E2iWxSU-00230-00124200-00124735": "kind of incentivized social incentives for, for having that collaboration across the organization.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00231-00124735-00125152": "Are they real tacos? So they are digital tacos,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00232-00125152-00125544": "but they're you can cash them in for real things, which may include,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00233-00126135-00126664": "I think we've got some questions from the audience here. Yup. Let's let's do that.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00234-00126792-00127408": "How do you keep all the engineers that joined before it was a little startup as", "2To7E2iWxSU-00235-00127408-00128024": "a company grows and the processes become heavier? Yeah, I think that's, that's a,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00236-00128024-00128559": "that's an individual journey for each engineer and you've got to talk to them and see what", "2To7E2iWxSU-00237-00128559-00129048": "they're happiest and where they want to end up of, of got folks who've been there from the", "2To7E2iWxSU-00238-00129048-00129559": "beginning who just want to be in a very creative role - go for it, go build a future for us.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00239-00129759-00130328": "Other people want to make sure that the service is running. I'm like, okay, okay. You can take your,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00240-00130328-00130888": "take your time here. But it's it's a one-on-one conversation cause yeah, the it's essentially a", "2To7E2iWxSU-00241-00130888-00131616": "new company after a certain period of time and you've got to, you've got to re recruit them.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00242-00131816-00132272": "To the new company that you have on your hands. That's a good point. That's a very good way of", "2To7E2iWxSU-00243-00132272-00132816": "putting it. Like everybody's different, everybody changes, the companies change.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00244-00132816-00133464": "And so this happens all the time, whether companies grow fast or not like you, you, you", "2To7E2iWxSU-00245-00133464-00133904": "have to talk with your people and decide, is this still something that you want to do or not?", "2To7E2iWxSU-00246-00133904-00134352": "And everybody goes through this and it’s totally normal and not everybody is for every,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00247-00134352-00134712": "all the phases. I've done I myself in different companies. I've only", "2To7E2iWxSU-00248-00134712-00135232": "done certain phases and it's fine. Like like as long as you have fun and you know what,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00249-00135232-00135584": "and both sides know what they want and things are clear and open.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00250-00135648-00136128": "It's, it's better to talk about these things than to like shove them under a rug because, and think", "2To7E2iWxSU-00251-00136128-00136768": "that everything's going to always be perfect. Yeah. The only thing I would add is, is this", "2To7E2iWxSU-00252-00136768-00137216": "question specifically highlights that like, as the processes become heavier. And so I would say like,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00253-00137216-00137656": "one thing you can do is delay the processes becoming heavy for as long as you can.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00254-00137656-00138152": "Right? Because it’s not just retention, retention, isn't the only thing impacted by that.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00255-00138232-00138568": "So figuring out how to keep that process light and keep momentum high, and", "2To7E2iWxSU-00256-00138632-00139016": "you'll still have challenges. So as you broke with, with the retention, like,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00257-00139016-00139384": "I really liked the way you set it down. Like that's a really good way of looking at it.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00258-00139536-00139888": "Got it. Great. We have a couple more questions. One is - how to", "2To7E2iWxSU-00259-00139888-00140184": "keep the productivity of remote teams consistent?", "2To7E2iWxSU-00260-00140520-00141032": "Depends on if it’s only a remote team, or if you have to remote teams and local teams and also the", "2To7E2iWxSU-00261-00141032-00142216": "pandemic changed everything. So, right. So let's, let's assume like it's only remote. So on our end", "2To7E2iWxSU-00262-00142216-00142816": "that's how we do it. And so we're small and we're all like, we know what we're building and", "2To7E2iWxSU-00263-00142920-00143224": "we ship fast, we ship a lot, everything we said in the beginning applies,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00264-00143224-00143472": "still ship often and build something all the time.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00265-00143560-00144160": "Do something interesting. That's how, and, and right now I don't have more to say because we're", "2To7E2iWxSU-00266-00144160-00144848": "just engineers building a lot of stuff. Yeah. Like I would, I would, I would agree shipping, like,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00267-00144904-00145216": "it's, it's a broken record. Right. But like shipping early shipping often", "2To7E2iWxSU-00268-00145216-00145728": "is, is the key here. Right? That's the, it's it comes on your cadence.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00269-00145728-00146344": "The faster you can deliver, like the faster you can respond if there are problems, right? Like", "2To7E2iWxSU-00270-00146344-00146888": "if. Their productivity isn't where it needs to be. Then there's a reason why, and right. Whether that", "2To7E2iWxSU-00271-00146888-00147272": "would come down to like a technology issue, right? Like a gap in your deployment infrastructure or", "2To7E2iWxSU-00272-00147272-00147736": "your testing infrastructure, or whether it be a process issue, or there'd be a personnel issue.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00273-00147824-00148088": "The faster, like the smaller, the increments,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00274-00148160-00148760": "the less off you can be. Right. So like if you're setting up, like we do weekly cycles", "2To7E2iWxSU-00275-00148760-00149288": "where we expect to deliver like every engineer to deliver customer value every single week. Right.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00276-00149288-00149728": "Some people go even faster than that. Imagine you do monthly or quarterly cycles, right.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00277-00149856-00150424": "10% off or 30% off, you could be off by way more than if you're that percentage off", "2To7E2iWxSU-00278-00150424-00150920": "over the course of the week. So like condense your cycles and you will be able to identify", "2To7E2iWxSU-00279-00150992-00151528": "those productivity issues faster, fix them. And they will have a lower impact when they do arise.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00280-00151648-00152000": "And also the things on which the engineers are working on adjusts", "2To7E2iWxSU-00281-00152000-00152336": "and they can, they can shift things if they don't like what they're doing, right.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00282-00152336-00152856": "Instead of being stuck in a project for six months, which drives anyone insane. The manager", "2To7E2iWxSU-00283-00152856-00153744": "and the engineer, everyone. Yeah. Yeah. And we we've had to make it really okay to, to talk to", "2To7E2iWxSU-00284-00153744-00154216": "people. We've got a lunch roulette bot, so you're talking to random people for lunch on Thursdays.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00285-00154312-00154808": "And we've, we've got various tools we built to make it really easy to pop into a meeting.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00286-00154808-00155256": "And just you've, you've got to push on that communication because", "2To7E2iWxSU-00287-00155256-00155584": "otherwise everyone will just sort of go off into their corner.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00288-00155736-00156152": "That's true. That's true. You have to push at all sizes. I just think.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00289-00156336-00156672": "Great. So I think let's take one last question and we can wrap it up", "2To7E2iWxSU-00290-00156728-00157208": "as an employee, what kind of culture should you look for - for a high resilient org?", "2To7E2iWxSU-00291-00157344-00157360": "Yeah.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00292-00157824-00158072": "If I were, if I were to go get an engineering job right now", "2To7E2iWxSU-00293-00158184-00158688": "I would, I would look for places that are doing all the things we said shipping often,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00294-00158688-00159144": "I would also ask what their, what their post-mortem process looks like. What happens", "2To7E2iWxSU-00295-00159144-00159688": "when things go wrong? Do you learn from it or do you, do you cry about it or yell about it?", "2To7E2iWxSU-00296-00159752-00160032": "That's those, those are the two things I would look for.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00297-00160184-00161152": "Yeah. Yeah. Oh, no. Okay. I can sorry about this. I I would say I'll give an example for another", "2To7E2iWxSU-00298-00161152-00161808": "type of job. Imagine you’re at another engineering job in SRE. Then I would ask about how the on call", "2To7E2iWxSU-00299-00161808-00162336": "rotations work in the monitoring process and everything, I wouldn't necessarily run away.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00300-00162336-00162984": "It was bad, but I would want to ask, okay, can we, can I fix it? Can I actually, I, you opened like,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00301-00162984-00163568": "if it's, if it's small, It'll be easy to fix if it's a good, big org, probably harder of course,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00302-00163568-00164584": "but like that otherwise we'll drive you insane. One thing I would add is you know, for a lot of us", "2To7E2iWxSU-00303-00164584-00164992": "that are like working in tech, working in venture back to tech, like we maybe take it as a given,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00304-00164992-00165680": "but for like the majority of software engineering jobs are for companies whose product, whose", "2To7E2iWxSU-00305-00165680-00166264": "primary business model is not selling software. Right. And probably the easiest thing you can do", "2To7E2iWxSU-00306-00166264-00166776": "to like have a better engineering culture is work for a company whose primary business", "2To7E2iWxSU-00307-00166776-00167168": "is building and delivering software. So if that's an option for you, if you're", "2To7E2iWxSU-00308-00167168-00167520": "looking between the two companies, like there's a bunch of stuff you have to do well after that.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00309-00167520-00168080": "Right. But the incentives are so much better aligned for a company who like software is", "2To7E2iWxSU-00310-00168080-00168960": "the thing for them. Right. Then if it's a cost center to help enable this other business line", "2To7E2iWxSU-00311-00168960-00169816": "that they actually care about. Got it. Thank you. Perfect. So yeah. Thank you so much,", "2To7E2iWxSU-00312-00169816-00170064": "Troy, Dan and Sebastian - it was really great.", "2To7E2iWxSU-00313-00170296-00170960": "Thank you very much. Yeah. Thank you. Thank you. Cheers guys."}}, {"audio_id": "2TuqQ539FPk", "text": {"2TuqQ539FPk-00000-00000034-00000274": "SASTRA FILM", "2TuqQ539FPk-00001-00000274-00000413": "with", "2TuqQ539FPk-00002-00000413-00000642": "BAYON TV", "2TuqQ539FPk-00003-00001686-00001868": "Hi nephew, Are you Virak?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00004-00001910-00002048": "yes, I am", "2TuqQ539FPk-00005-00002121-00002221": "I heard that", "2TuqQ539FPk-00006-00002280-00002480": "you are a voluntary doctor.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00007-00002480-00002604": "yes auntie, I am", "2TuqQ539FPk-00008-00002730-00003030": "Ehh!! Please stay away from me", "2TuqQ539FPk-00009-00003030-00003279": "you are wearing a mask like this", "2TuqQ539FPk-00010-00003279-00003461": "You might get infected by the corona virus as well", "2TuqQ539FPk-00011-00003672-00003772": "Auntie", "2TuqQ539FPk-00012-00003840-00004174": "I am not getting any infection. I am nursing patients", "2TuqQ539FPk-00013-00004191-00004420": "So, I am sure that I am safe", "2TuqQ539FPk-00014-00004420-00004710": "because I have anti-virus clothes that protect me from getting infected, auntie.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00015-00005188-00005354": "Anti- virus clothes?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00016-00005394-00005688": "It didn't work because you always wear mask when you come back home", "2TuqQ539FPk-00017-00005730-00006026": "look at you! you look thin and pale", "2TuqQ539FPk-00018-00006048-00006328": "I didn't discriminate you but I don't want to died.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00019-00006396-00006595": "if you want to died, bring your family with you as well.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00020-00007330-00007430": "The Mask", "2TuqQ539FPk-00021-00009712-00009812": "Mommy!!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00022-00010011-00010111": "Mommy!!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00023-00010264-00010364": "Aw!!!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00024-00010420-00010596": "Where are they today?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00025-00010657-00010845": "everyday, they stay at home around this hour", "2TuqQ539FPk-00026-00012412-00012542": "Maybe electricity has been cut off", "2TuqQ539FPk-00027-00012704-00012997": "Maybe they go to eat out today", "2TuqQ539FPk-00028-00013288-00013388": "Mommy!!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00029-00013541-00013653": "Grandma!!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00030-00013874-00013974": "sister!!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00031-00014581-00014708": "Why does it seem very quiet?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00032-00015603-00015761": "what are you doing?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00033-00015936-00016243": "I have never expected that", "2TuqQ539FPk-00034-00016243-00016343": "I have a doctor as my grandson.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00035-00016394-00016696": "you have fulfill your grandpa's wish.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00036-00016790-00016890": "here you are!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00037-00017472-00017584": "Do you know, my dear", "2TuqQ539FPk-00038-00017661-00017761": "this uniform,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00039-00017768-00017991": "your grandma sewed by her own hand", "2TuqQ539FPk-00040-00018030-00018349": "You must be the most lucky doctor", "2TuqQ539FPk-00041-00018475-00018680": "your grandma will be happy", "2TuqQ539FPk-00042-00018715-00019046": "when you wear it to the hospital everyday", "2TuqQ539FPk-00043-00019088-00019195": "when you save patients' lives", "2TuqQ539FPk-00044-00019324-00019446": "yes, mum", "2TuqQ539FPk-00045-00019592-00019898": "It is a very nice uniform compare to the one", "2TuqQ539FPk-00046-00019898-00019998": "that I wore in the hospital.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00047-00020102-00020297": "because you made it with love", "2TuqQ539FPk-00048-00020342-00020588": "I am so thankful, grandma.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00049-00020703-00020950": "of course, I tried to make it perfectly for you.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00050-00021060-00021341": "Do you know, my dear!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00051-00021341-00021465": "everyone is really delighted", "2TuqQ539FPk-00052-00021511-00021834": "when they know that you become a doctor.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00053-00021834-00022034": "Each of us is very proud of you.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00054-00022262-00022571": "however, If sister Mey don't tell us,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00055-00022577-00022867": "we are not sure when will brother tell us.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00056-00022963-00023286": "you are not only fulfill your grandpa's wish", "2TuqQ539FPk-00057-00023324-00023496": "you are also", "2TuqQ539FPk-00058-00023535-00023771": "one of the people", "2TuqQ539FPk-00059-00023771-00023983": "that save people's lives.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00060-00024123-00024404": "I am really proud", "2TuqQ539FPk-00061-00024404-00024588": "that my son become a doctor like this.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00062-00024622-00024722": "Hm!!!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00063-00024754-00025028": "Err, Mum!! However, I have observed that", "2TuqQ539FPk-00064-00025088-00025210": "People don't really like doctor", "2TuqQ539FPk-00065-00025271-00025421": "I saw some people blame doctors", "2TuqQ539FPk-00066-00025463-00025770": "especially, through social media", "2TuqQ539FPk-00067-00025859-00026108": "They stated the bad things of doctors this and that", "2TuqQ539FPk-00068-00026151-00026445": "and now I have a brother become doctor. I don't know", "2TuqQ539FPk-00069-00026445-00026725": "whether it's good or bad.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00070-00026725-00026965": "additionally, Mom and grandma want me to become a doctor too", "2TuqQ539FPk-00071-00027085-00027368": "Hmm Hmm,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00072-00027368-00027611": "If they want to curse, let them do", "2TuqQ539FPk-00073-00027664-00027865": "after that,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00074-00027865-00028158": "when they get into trouble, hey always ask doctors for help", "2TuqQ539FPk-00075-00028158-00028326": "Am I right, doctor Virak?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00076-00028326-00028495": "yes, Mom", "2TuqQ539FPk-00077-00028586-00029132": "if they want to say let them do. if they don't see the value, it also okay", "2TuqQ539FPk-00078-00029164-00029408": "the important is you can save people's lives,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00079-00029450-00029748": "can reunited their family members", "2TuqQ539FPk-00080-00029748-00030032": ",and can bring them back", "2TuqQ539FPk-00081-00030032-00030155": "to life again.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00082-00030207-00030537": "I can died happily if you can do it, my dear.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00083-00030537-00030637": "Ohh!!!!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00084-00030657-00030783": "Don't speak like that, grandma", "2TuqQ539FPk-00085-00030907-00031075": "my grandma is still young", "2TuqQ539FPk-00086-00031196-00031457": "and nothing will happen to you because your grandson is a doctor.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00087-00031514-00031564": "Am I right, sister?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00088-00031564-00031661": "yes, brother. let's hug!!!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00089-00032692-00032792": "give you, mother.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00090-00032902-00033002": "This is for you, mom", "2TuqQ539FPk-00091-00033070-00033236": "thank you, my dear", "2TuqQ539FPk-00092-00033275-00033399": "It's mine.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00093-00033457-00033615": "It's mine too. Orr!! you can have it.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00094-00036212-00036524": "nothing is better than, Our beloved one love us", "2TuqQ539FPk-00095-00036524-00036782": "and love our works.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00096-00038024-00038124": "(Message's notification)", "2TuqQ539FPk-00097-00039192-00039520": "Hi my beloved doctor! Have you had dinner yet?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00098-00039541-00039795": "Today is your first day,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00099-00039795-00040100": "don't work too much", "2TuqQ539FPk-00100-00040100-00040260": "your future wife worried about you", "2TuqQ539FPk-00101-00040465-00040581": "I am at home now", "2TuqQ539FPk-00102-00040632-00040836": "Mom and grandma just surprised me at the moment", "2TuqQ539FPk-00103-00040898-00041028": "it is because you told them.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00104-00041152-00041318": "I want to tell them by my own.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00105-00042074-00042384": "Because I want to share them happiness", "2TuqQ539FPk-00106-00042384-00042669": "and feel proud of you.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00107-00042669-00042859": "Do you surprised?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00108-00043195-00043451": "I also tell my parents,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00109-00043451-00043606": "they are happy as well.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00110-00043652-00043976": "they also talking about our married.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00111-00043977-00044304": "They want us to hurry get married. what do you think?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00112-00045014-00045119": "but I think", "2TuqQ539FPk-00113-00045227-00045337": "Let wait a little bit", "2TuqQ539FPk-00114-00045840-00045998": "It's okay. I know", "2TuqQ539FPk-00115-00046058-00046364": "you want to save more patients first. It's fine my dear.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00116-00046364-00046671": "whenever. I have boyfriend as doctor", "2TuqQ539FPk-00117-00046671-00046942": "that help save people like you,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00118-00046942-00047042": "I can wait", "2TuqQ539FPk-00119-00047640-00047800": "Don't you feel regret", "2TuqQ539FPk-00120-00047834-00048066": "that have doctor like me as boyfriend", "2TuqQ539FPk-00121-00048066-00048364": "who don't have times to bring you to cinema, to", "2TuqQ539FPk-00122-00048364-00048464": "have romantic date ?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00123-00049410-00049688": "For me, you pay attention", "2TuqQ539FPk-00124-00049688-00049992": "on your work with all your heart everyday like this", "2TuqQ539FPk-00125-00049992-00050278": "you already become my handsome doctor for me", "2TuqQ539FPk-00127-00050791-00051073": "Because Handsome person is the person who has responsibility", "2TuqQ539FPk-00128-00051073-00051377": "and love nations as you do. you don't have to bring me", "2TuqQ539FPk-00129-00051378-00051638": "to the romantic place.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00130-00051867-00052146": "I am happy if I have to eat in the hospital", "2TuqQ539FPk-00131-00052146-00052476": "I love you,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00132-00052478-00052666": "Doctor Virak.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00133-00053324-00053488": "what if one day", "2TuqQ539FPk-00134-00053520-00053808": "something bad happen and need me in the mission", "2TuqQ539FPk-00135-00053860-00054189": "and I have to go far way from you. what will you do?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00136-00054507-00054813": "I will be the one who proud of you the most", "2TuqQ539FPk-00137-00054850-00055175": "because you will be hero of mine", "2TuqQ539FPk-00138-00055175-00055278": "and everyone else.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00139-00055724-00055824": "Thank you, my dear", "2TuqQ539FPk-00140-00055877-00056120": "I love you, Ms Virus.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00141-00056942-00057233": "I love you too, Mr. Doctor.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00142-00062180-00062399": "Virak! Virak! Stop my dear", "2TuqQ539FPk-00143-00063443-00063778": "Here, the food. I woke up early to cook for you.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00144-00063781-00064407": "take it with you to the hospital. you can also shared it with your colleagues.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00145-00064466-00064776": "Although I can be a doctor as you,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00146-00064776-00065094": "I also want to help you", "2TuqQ539FPk-00147-00065126-00065386": "so, I contributed to help", "2TuqQ539FPk-00148-00065386-00065486": "our country as well.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00149-00065858-00066191": "so, disgusting. she wants her son to be a doctor", "2TuqQ539FPk-00150-00066191-00066439": "in order to take advantages from other citizens.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00151-00066530-00066714": "but pretend like humiliating person.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00152-00066798-00067100": "yes, mom. My friends must be happy.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00153-00067158-00067494": "Tell them that", "2TuqQ539FPk-00154-00067494-00067793": "I am proud of them", "2TuqQ539FPk-00155-00067793-00068013": "If possible, I want to become a doctor as well", "2TuqQ539FPk-00156-00068056-00068346": "Oh, mom!!! It's okay", "2TuqQ539FPk-00157-00068357-00068644": "you just stay beside me and", "2TuqQ539FPk-00158-00068644-00068917": "love what I am doing today. It's my happiness.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00159-00068918-00069034": "thank mom for this meal.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00160-00069128-00069394": "I am going to work now. I afraid of having emergency case.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00161-00069456-00069632": "Yes, my dear. Do your best.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00162-00069632-00069772": "yes mom.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00163-00070602-00070674": "Bye bye mom", "2TuqQ539FPk-00164-00070674-00070795": "Okay bye bye", "2TuqQ539FPk-00165-00070838-00070918": "bye bye, mom", "2TuqQ539FPk-00166-00071095-00071342": "yes and be safe.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00167-00072293-00072594": "Are you sure that", "2TuqQ539FPk-00168-00072594-00072694": "your son is going to treat patients.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00169-00072704-00072967": "I think, he made people sick in order to", "2TuqQ539FPk-00170-00072967-00073142": "be treated every month.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00171-00073626-00073764": "what are you speaking about?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00172-00073850-00074095": "My son is a good person", "2TuqQ539FPk-00173-00074170-00074279": "who think of people's health.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00174-00074370-00074600": "If you are not congrats what he is doing,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00175-00074600-00074735": "then don't discourage him.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00176-00074953-00075160": "Heh!!! It's just excuses.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00177-00075253-00075556": "Do you think, I don't know your purposes of", "2TuqQ539FPk-00178-00075556-00075659": "supporting your child to be a doctor?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00179-00075703-00075987": "you spent hundreds of thousands dollars investing in this education", "2TuqQ539FPk-00180-00075987-00076285": "How can you let your child treat patients without any fees?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00181-00076285-00076568": "who will believe what you say?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00182-00076919-00077201": "Believe or not", "2TuqQ539FPk-00183-00077201-00077301": "It's your own business.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00184-00077366-00077649": "My son treats all patients", "2TuqQ539FPk-00185-00077655-00077772": "from the bottom of his heart.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00186-00077833-00078031": "Seeing patients heal,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00187-00078064-00078278": "It is doctors' happiness.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00188-00078432-00078762": "Pessimist like you will never understand.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00189-00078817-00079119": "Be strong as what you say,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00190-00079119-00079348": "If one day something happen,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00191-00079348-00079482": "don't seek for help from son.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00192-00079706-00079832": "I will not.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00193-00079876-00080126": "Even though the sun rise from the west,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00194-00080184-00080800": "I will never go to see a doctor. Do you think, I will die when I don't see doctors?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00195-00081030-00081130": "Herr!!! I am so disgusted you.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00196-00081227-00081499": "You just have a son become a doctor,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00197-00081499-00081848": "why do you are so proud. Really annoy.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00198-00087182-00087282": "Stop talking.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00199-00089232-00089512": "Time flies so fast.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00200-00089512-00089696": "Virak has been being a doctor for one year", "2TuqQ539FPk-00201-00089730-00089940": "It's really fast, mom.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00202-00089993-00090171": "of course", "2TuqQ539FPk-00203-00090288-00090582": "It's fast. I am also getting older", "2TuqQ539FPk-00204-00090606-00090904": "I am really worried. I have never heard of", "2TuqQ539FPk-00205-00090904-00091199": "Virak's married. He is almost 30 years old now.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00206-00091349-00091585": "I also want Virak to get married soon, mum.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00207-00091617-00091794": "But he always denied.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00208-00091923-00092217": "However, It's also good.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00209-00092217-00092428": "Virak will has time to treat patients.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00210-00092486-00092760": "When he is married, I am afraid", "2TuqQ539FPk-00211-00092760-00092860": "he is getting far from his work.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00212-00092913-00093227": "He might not be able to treat patient properly.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00213-00093314-00093606": "Nowadays, many people are getting sick.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00214-00093800-00094052": "I think my daughter will get married first, mom.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00215-00094300-00094515": "Mom, I haven't have boyfriend.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00216-00094656-00094944": "Grandma!!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00217-00094956-00095234": "Mom, My classmates are older than me", "2TuqQ539FPk-00218-00095537-00095839": "There are many courses to study including internship at night", "2TuqQ539FPk-00219-00095839-00096069": "Someday, we don't even have meal.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00220-00096069-00096369": "I don't have time for lover. No one", "2TuqQ539FPk-00221-00096369-00096469": "will love me.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00222-00096635-00096937": "How about your brother? He has his girlfriend, Mey.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00223-00097158-00097472": "I don't know too, mom. Maybe she is blind.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00224-00097472-00097572": "That is why, she loves my brother.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00225-00097650-00097920": "Herr!!! Brother has been working", "2TuqQ539FPk-00226-00097920-00098260": "for years. He doesn't even have a car.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00227-00098260-00098420": "No time for his girlfriend.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00228-00098638-00098858": "Now our neighbor gossip", "2TuqQ539FPk-00229-00098910-00099134": "about our family everyday.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00230-00099200-00099370": "Hm!!!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00231-00099453-00099606": "Hm! Nor grandma.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00232-00099643-00099796": "Mom!! Grandma!!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00233-00099847-00099961": "I am going to work now.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00234-00100040-00100140": "I am afraid that", "2TuqQ539FPk-00235-00100169-00100473": "Patients will ask for since intern staff like me is beautiful.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00236-00100473-00100573": "Ohh!!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00237-00100589-00100728": "Haha!!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00238-00100804-00101057": "Okay my dear.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00239-00101057-00101257": "I already prepared your food.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00240-00101257-00101357": "Yes mom.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00241-00101357-00101663": "Good bye grandma and mom!!! I am going to wok", "2TuqQ539FPk-00242-00101663-00101767": "for our nation.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00243-00101767-00101965": "Oh!! good my dear.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00244-00102226-00102460": "My grandchildren alway", "2TuqQ539FPk-00245-00102460-00102634": "make me happy", "2TuqQ539FPk-00246-00102689-00102881": "Haha!!!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00247-00103020-00103275": "During the outbreak of new virus", "2TuqQ539FPk-00248-00103275-00103512": "all around the world,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00249-00103512-00103789": "however, there is no case reported in our country", "2TuqQ539FPk-00250-00103789-00104020": "In order to prevent the spread,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00251-00104020-00104107": "many voluntary doctors", "2TuqQ539FPk-00252-00104107-00104350": "volunteer to stop the virus.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00253-00104350-00104597": "We asked for citizens", "2TuqQ539FPk-00254-00104598-00104812": "to stay clean and avoid any crowded places", "2TuqQ539FPk-00255-00104812-00105032": "in order to prevent any infection.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00256-00105381-00105576": "I heard it few days already.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00257-00105629-00105804": "But I think they were just kidding.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00258-00105887-00106147": "I heard that this virus spread really fast", "2TuqQ539FPk-00259-00106216-00106548": "If we are not sanitized ourselves, It will infect us.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00260-00106615-00106864": "How about Virak? He is working at the hospital everyday.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00261-00106906-00107006": "will he be able to get infected?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00262-00107194-00107323": "He might be alright", "2TuqQ539FPk-00263-00107369-00107649": "Because he is a doctor.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00264-00107706-00107806": "He might be more", "2TuqQ539FPk-00265-00107862-00107984": "aware than us.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00266-00108175-00108275": "but", "2TuqQ539FPk-00267-00108322-00108422": "but I worry, mom.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00268-00110028-00110222": "You all must know already.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00269-00115202-00115402": "I know, you have family who", "2TuqQ539FPk-00270-00115488-00115692": "waiting you at home", "2TuqQ539FPk-00271-00115785-00115947": ", however, as a doctor,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00272-00116069-00116249": "we cannot leave patients alone.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00273-00116437-00116638": "we also don't force you.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00274-00116672-00116973": "If anyone volunteer to be", "2TuqQ539FPk-00275-00116973-00117073": "voluntary doctor,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00276-00117182-00117332": "I am always welcoming.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00277-00118160-00118299": "Phone ring!!!!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00278-00119003-00119103": "Hello, daddy!!!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00279-00119223-00119324": "Yes my dear", "2TuqQ539FPk-00280-00119421-00119727": "Daddy, Are you working overtime again?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00281-00119727-00119840": "Are you come back home today?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00282-00119929-00120120": "I has been waiting you to have meal together.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00283-00120229-00120329": "When will you be back home?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00284-00120678-00120778": "Yes, my dear", "2TuqQ539FPk-00285-00120873-00121020": "please tell your mom,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00286-00121084-00121202": "don't wait for me.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00287-00121377-00121686": "Daddy has to treat many patients.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00288-00121686-00121990": "Yes, daddy. I am going to have meal now because I am so hungry.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00289-00122047-00122147": "I love you, daddy.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00290-00122359-00122459": "Bye bye, daddy.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00291-00122494-00122673": "yes! I love you too, my chlid.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00292-00122819-00122934": "Bye bye my dear.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00293-00126389-00126489": "Mom!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00294-00126716-00126816": "Mom!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00295-00126859-00126994": "Why don't you sleep?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00296-00127132-00127271": "I can't sleep.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00297-00127355-00127583": "It's midnight already and you have just arrived.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00298-00127678-00127797": "It's almost become my habit, mom.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00299-00128082-00128336": "there were many patients to be treated, today.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00300-00128624-00128724": "Hm !!!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00301-00128777-00129005": "I heard people talking around almost a month", "2TuqQ539FPk-00302-00129061-00129204": "about the infectious diseases.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00303-00129348-00129614": "and I have never updated the news but", "2TuqQ539FPk-00304-00129679-00130023": "this afternoon, I watched TV", "2TuqQ539FPk-00305-00130114-00130260": "They said that", "2TuqQ539FPk-00306-00130291-00130533": "there are no medical treatment for this disease.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00307-00130660-00130963": "I know, you love our nation and people.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00308-00131027-00131217": "you want them to heal and", "2TuqQ539FPk-00309-00131267-00131430": "to reunite with their family.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00310-00131729-00131989": "But I can't stop concerning about you.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00311-00132100-00132267": "If you volunteer to be a voluntary doctor", "2TuqQ539FPk-00312-00132301-00132490": "to treat those infect people,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00313-00132688-00132913": "I am afraid, you would get infected.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00314-00133305-00133539": "Mom, I haven't work as voluntary doctors yet.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00315-00133603-00133859": "I know you clearly that", "2TuqQ539FPk-00316-00133859-00134048": "you will be a voluntary doctor.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00317-00134342-00134612": "It's all because of those foreigners.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00318-00134674-00134875": "If they don't stop in our country,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00319-00134958-00135058": "We might not get this virus.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00320-00135201-00135327": "Don't say like this, mom.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00321-00135421-00135544": "They also don't know and", "2TuqQ539FPk-00322-00135616-00135779": "No one wants to be infected.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00323-00135886-00136033": "They love their lives as well.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00324-00136166-00136266": "So,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00325-00136280-00136396": "please stop judging them.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00326-00136773-00136953": "I don't want to talk about it anymore.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00327-00137118-00137400": "However, I don't care how many people are infected,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00328-00137547-00137693": "and died.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00329-00138238-00138357": "I beg you.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00330-00138480-00138778": "I don't want you to work as voluntary doctors to", "2TuqQ539FPk-00331-00138778-00138887": "treats those patients.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00332-00142194-00142380": "I know you have family who", "2TuqQ539FPk-00333-00142449-00142658": "wait you at home", "2TuqQ539FPk-00334-00142689-00142836": "but being a doctor,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00335-00142870-00143148": "we cannot leave patients.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00336-00143148-00143417": "I also don't force all of you.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00337-00143417-00143717": "If anyone volunteer,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00338-00143717-00143939": "I will always welcome.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00339-00145333-00145433": "I know,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00340-00145522-00145779": "you love nations and people.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00341-00145892-00146065": "you want them to heal", "2TuqQ539FPk-00342-00146130-00146290": "and reunite with their family.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00343-00146334-00146565": "But I cannot stop worry about you.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00344-00146656-00146962": "If you are a voluntary doctor who treat", "2TuqQ539FPk-00345-00146962-00147062": "those patients", "2TuqQ539FPk-00346-00147110-00147344": "I concern, you might be infected.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00347-00148070-00148266": "If all doctors are selfish,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00348-00148774-00148882": "my nations", "2TuqQ539FPk-00349-00148938-00149176": "my people will all died.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00350-00149266-00149484": "I will never let my people", "2TuqQ539FPk-00351-00149556-00149830": "died because of my selfishness.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00352-00151763-00152062": "Virak, Where are you going?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00353-00152398-00152531": "I know, mom", "2TuqQ539FPk-00354-00152656-00152864": "He surely goes to the hospital", "2TuqQ539FPk-00355-00152950-00153202": "Please don't go, my dear", "2TuqQ539FPk-00356-00153202-00153430": "We are worrying about you.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00357-00153505-00153752": "If you get infected,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00358-00153821-00153921": "what will our family members do?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00359-00153995-00154122": "Please don't go my child.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00360-00154318-00154509": "Don't go, my dear.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00361-00155447-00155547": "Before", "2TuqQ539FPk-00362-00155572-00155672": "you all", "2TuqQ539FPk-00363-00155754-00156037": "are proud that I am a doctor.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00364-00156098-00156273": "I will never let each of my patients", "2TuqQ539FPk-00365-00156273-00156460": "died one by one.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00366-00156599-00156699": "but", "2TuqQ539FPk-00367-00156720-00157022": "I will never let you go to die like this.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00368-00157022-00157310": "they will not died, even you don't go.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00369-00157486-00157674": "But if you go, you will die", "2TuqQ539FPk-00370-00162372-00162722": "Other doctors will treat them instead of you.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00371-00162822-00162978": "I have never against your will,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00372-00163026-00163239": "but I am begging you now.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00373-00163420-00163520": "Being a mother,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00374-00163592-00163904": "I can't bare seeing you get infected.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00375-00164258-00164472": "I gave birth to you with my own blood", "2TuqQ539FPk-00376-00164745-00164986": "and I want you to be a good person for society.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00377-00165143-00165410": "but I don't want you to help the nations by risking your own life.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00378-00165748-00165848": "Mom!!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00379-00166038-00166182": "I cannot follow your will.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00380-00166720-00166820": "Virak !!!!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00381-00166996-00167096": "Virak !!!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00382-00167598-00167698": "Virak !!! your grandma is getting dizzy.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00383-00167807-00167907": "please come back!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00384-00169115-00169215": "Virak !", "2TuqQ539FPk-00385-00169850-00169960": "Virak !!!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00386-00170235-00170389": "Virak! Virak! Stop!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00387-00171166-00171332": "I won't let you go.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00388-00171594-00171754": "When you do like this,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00389-00171808-00171976": "Do you think of me,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00390-00172045-00172164": "your grandma", "2TuqQ539FPk-00391-00172251-00172407": "and your family members or not?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00392-00172812-00173086": "You don't have to care about those patients.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00393-00173270-00173476": "No one will grateful for what you do.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00394-00173528-00173696": "If they are fool,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00395-00173786-00173974": "careless of the virus,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00396-00174018-00174244": "don't take care themselves,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00397-00174316-00174520": "let them died.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00398-00174747-00175012": "why do you have to involve?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00399-00175144-00175283": "Mom, I am a doctor.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00400-00175359-00175516": "I have to involve with it, mom.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00401-00175886-00176225": "I also have rights to protect you from death.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00402-00176540-00176773": "I cannot allow you to go.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00403-00177263-00177483": "I cannot let you died.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00404-00177847-00177976": "I have to go, mum.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00405-00178081-00178194": "No doctor,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00406-00178252-00178410": "they will died.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00407-00178583-00178740": "If they heal,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00408-00178824-00178924": "get better,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00409-00178975-00179278": "they will say it's because of them", "2TuqQ539FPk-00410-00179278-00179378": "not doctors.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00411-00179606-00179764": "However, If they die,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00412-00179848-00180088": "they will blame doctors.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00413-00180297-00180620": "Do you want that, Virak?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00414-00181530-00181716": "If the situation just like before,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00415-00181756-00182060": "I will never prohibit you.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00416-00182111-00182211": "You want to treat patient day and night,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00417-00182378-00182509": "without rest,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00418-00182553-00182732": "without meal,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00419-00182823-00183015": "I had never prohibit you.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00420-00183150-00183250": "But", "2TuqQ539FPk-00421-00183255-00183409": "situation is different now", "2TuqQ539FPk-00422-00184066-00184169": "If I let you go,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00423-00184421-00184557": "the same as I allow you to died.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00424-00184894-00185215": "It is terrible, Virak.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00425-00185343-00185512": "Don't go, Virak!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00426-00185641-00185741": "Mom,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00427-00185850-00186062": "grandpa hold the gun to fight against enemy,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00428-00186105-00186229": "sometimes injured,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00429-00186321-00186545": "sometimes risked his life,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00430-00186643-00186950": "but he had never afraid.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00431-00186996-00187152": "How about me? I am his grandson.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00432-00187191-00187401": "I'm just going to work as voluntary doctor", "2TuqQ539FPk-00433-00187452-00187716": "to treat patients who are waiting for treatment,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00434-00187761-00187911": "why do I have to scare of, mom?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00435-00188621-00188721": "Alright!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00436-00188898-00189086": "you have to choose", "2TuqQ539FPk-00437-00189267-00189449": "between your mother", "2TuqQ539FPk-00438-00189814-00190009": "and your patients.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00439-00190041-00190306": "Which one do you choose?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00440-00191990-00192090": "If you decided to go,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00441-00192273-00192480": "You will not be a member of this family anymore.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00442-00192892-00193052": "you and me will not be mom and son.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00443-00195789-00195889": "Mom!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00444-00195997-00196212": "You can stop recognizing me as your child,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00445-00196376-00196662": "but I can't cut off the relations of me and our people.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00446-00196825-00197061": "I don't want to see them died one by one", "2TuqQ539FPk-00447-00197182-00197408": "because of my selfishness.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00448-00197754-00197854": "I am sorry, mom.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00449-00198708-00198808": "Mom!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00450-00198822-00199123": "you have to stay at home and take care yourself.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00451-00199299-00199515": "you have to high hygienic.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00452-00199697-00199800": "I am worry about you and", "2TuqQ539FPk-00453-00200056-00200209": "everyone.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00454-00200963-00201063": "I am sorry, mom.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00455-00201760-00202078": "Virak !! you will worry about me unless I get infected.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00456-00203546-00203820": "Grandma, Are you alright?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00457-00204177-00204289": "Virak !!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00458-00204415-00204555": "Virak, my dear!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00459-00204716-00204890": "Please come back, my child!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00460-00205589-00205689": "Mother!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00461-00205723-00205823": "Mom!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00462-00205896-00206030": "Are you alright?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00463-00206233-00206348": "Is brother going, mom?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00464-00206792-00207061": "He didn't care about his family at all.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00465-00207298-00207584": "Additionally, If patients died,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00466-00207806-00208097": "their family might come and curse us.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00467-00208892-00208992": "Virak!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00468-00209160-00209413": "Mom, I see!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00469-00209464-00209685": "Only sister Mey!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00470-00209843-00210123": "Mom please call to sister Mey becuase bother love sister Mey.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00471-00210185-00210484": "If you call to sister Mey,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00472-00210484-00210722": "Brother may come back faster.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00473-00210781-00210985": "since he loves sister Mey crazily.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00474-00211103-00211203": "of course!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00475-00211385-00211489": "only her!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00476-00211805-00212059": "she is the only one that", "2TuqQ539FPk-00477-00212059-00212211": "can convince Virak to come back home.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00478-00212330-00212654": "Okay, I will hurry call to Mey.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00479-00212701-00212936": "please take a good care of your grandma.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00480-00213257-00213357": "Grandma!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00481-00213512-00213627": "Grandma, please don't cry!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00482-00213872-00214134": "I told you already, It is my obligation.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00483-00214284-00214591": "If you don't allow me to treat patients,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00484-00214591-00214691": "the virus will spread over the country.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00485-00214833-00214962": "Hm, my dear!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00486-00215165-00215274": "I will not died.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00487-00215319-00215463": "I will look after myself", "2TuqQ539FPk-00488-00215572-00215681": "as well as you", "2TuqQ539FPk-00489-00215814-00215914": "and our children.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00490-00216264-00216528": "It's okay. If I died,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00491-00216554-00216664": "I am also happy.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00492-00216887-00217165": "and I will let you have a new husband.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00493-00217555-00217655": "Hm !", "2TuqQ539FPk-00494-00217782-00217895": "I am a doctor.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00495-00217940-00218150": "My obligation is to treat patients.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00496-00218150-00218296": "I can't stand to see them died.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00497-00218508-00218608": "Hello?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00498-00218615-00218715": "Hello?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00499-00219095-00219355": "she is getting furious.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00500-00219609-00219709": "hm!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00501-00219855-00219955": "I don't know what to do.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00502-00219975-00220097": "Being a doctor,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00503-00220221-00220403": "we think our own family rather than patient,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00504-00220475-00220776": "people will criticize", "2TuqQ539FPk-00505-00220817-00220961": "that we are not a good doctor.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00506-00221143-00221469": "Herr! It is doctors' lives.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00507-00221737-00221837": "I don't know what to do.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00508-00221938-00222116": "we are doctors now.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00509-00222354-00222494": "That's it.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00510-00222578-00222884": "We are doctors,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00511-00222884-00223029": "If we don't do; so, who will do.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00512-00223125-00223402": "we don't abstain from our duties.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00513-00223402-00223654": "Or do you want motorists, teachers and", "2TuqQ539FPk-00514-00223676-00223838": "garment workers", "2TuqQ539FPk-00515-00223891-00224016": "to work instead of us?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00516-00224077-00224177": "Am I right?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00517-00224260-00224555": "That's it. As a doctor, we are judged every time.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00518-00224569-00224888": "I have my children. First, I had decided not to volunteer because if something happen to me", "2TuqQ539FPk-00519-00224888-00225186": "my children will not have mother.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00520-00225301-00225599": "however, when I first become a doctor, I had sworn that", "2TuqQ539FPk-00521-00225655-00225839": "No matter what happen,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00522-00225965-00226068": "I will never leave my patients aside.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00523-00227328-00227649": "I don't care where are you now, but", "2TuqQ539FPk-00524-00227678-00227931": "I absolutely forbid you from being a voluntary doctor.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00525-00227931-00228095": "But you don't say like that before.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00526-00228146-00228246": "Now, it is different.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00527-00228282-00228572": "stop doing this crazy things like that. I don't like it.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00528-00228572-00228856": "only crazy people risk their lives for others.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00529-00228921-00229262": "I save people's lives. It's not doing crazy things.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00530-00229335-00229468": "It is the nation's concern.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00531-00229540-00229816": "It's our concern.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00532-00229872-00230054": "It is not a joke.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00533-00230089-00230401": "I am also not kidding with you. I can let you", "2TuqQ539FPk-00534-00230401-00230719": "risk your life for others. Do you love those people than me?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00535-00230922-00231030": "I am sorry, my dear.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00536-00231113-00231373": "I hope we will meet again in the right time.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00537-00234829-00235010": "Hi nephew, Are you Virak?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00538-00235058-00235196": "Yes, I am", "2TuqQ539FPk-00539-00235269-00235369": "I heard that", "2TuqQ539FPk-00540-00235428-00235612": "you are a voluntary doctor.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00541-00235612-00235752": "yes auntie", "2TuqQ539FPk-00542-00235878-00236197": "Eh! Stay away from me.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00543-00240488-00240760": "you wear a mask like that", "2TuqQ539FPk-00544-00240760-00240992": "you might be infected by the virus as well.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00545-00241204-00241304": "Auntie!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00546-00241371-00241706": "I am not being infected. I nursed patients", "2TuqQ539FPk-00547-00241723-00241952": "so that, I am absolutely safe.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00548-00241952-00242242": "I have anti-virus clothes that cannot get infected easily.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00549-00242720-00242926": "Protect? Anti- Virus?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00550-00242926-00243203": "If it does, you would not come home with mask.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00551-00243203-00243498": "Look at you! you look thin and pale.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00552-00243514-00243809": "I am discriminate you but I still don't want to die.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00553-00243809-00244090": "if you want to die,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00554-00244090-00244290": "only die with your own family.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00555-00244938-00245038": "Auntie!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00556-00245073-00245273": "you can protect virus by spray like this", "2TuqQ539FPk-00557-00245332-00245601": "you should eat healthy", "2TuqQ539FPk-00558-00245601-00245884": "in order to improve immune system like", "2TuqQ539FPk-00559-00245897-00246107": "Vitamin C, do exercise regularly and", "2TuqQ539FPk-00560-00246116-00246416": "wash your hand after using toilet and eating meal", "2TuqQ539FPk-00561-00246462-00246713": "as well as stay at home.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00562-00251048-00251148": "Brother! Stop!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00563-00251150-00251252": "Stop right here!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00564-00251311-00251473": "Stay away from, mom.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00565-00251502-00251687": "you only follow", "2TuqQ539FPk-00566-00251747-00251847": "your own passion", "2TuqQ539FPk-00567-00251903-00252003": "without thinking of family.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00568-00252044-00252261": "you only think of other families, but", "2TuqQ539FPk-00569-00252261-00252502": "you don't think of your own.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00570-00252502-00252799": "She sicks because of you. stay away from her.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00571-00252935-00253201": "Look at you! you look even", "2TuqQ539FPk-00572-00253201-00253301": "like your patients.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00573-00253415-00253703": "our grandma also sick because of you.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00574-00253729-00254054": "our family is in mess because of you.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00575-00254440-00254575": "How is mom now?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00576-00254625-00254967": "She is alright. I am also study physician.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00577-00254967-00255299": "I have interned for few months. So, I can take care her.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00578-00255393-00255558": "She is good than you.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00579-00255602-00255714": "You are a doctor,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00580-00255759-00256109": "but you only take care of others not yours.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00581-00256172-00256458": "If I were you, I would not become a doctor because", "2TuqQ539FPk-00582-00256458-00256611": "I am ashamed.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00583-00256851-00256989": "Let me take care, mom.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00584-00257068-00257207": "Eh Eh! Stop! Stop!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00585-00257386-00257654": "Stop right there! Look at you!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00586-00257654-00257898": "who know if you bring the disease home?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00587-00258011-00258285": "I think you should have a shower first.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00588-00258325-00258514": "Then, you can see mom.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00589-00258587-00258851": "Look at you! you look terrible.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00590-00259002-00259263": "Don't stay close with mom.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00591-00259263-00259457": "when you shower already, please keep the length 1.5 meter from mom.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00592-00259543-00259800": "If not, you might infect her.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00593-00259836-00260084": "I am begging you.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00594-00260112-00260315": "you already made her upset,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00595-00260358-00260525": "please don't infect her.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00596-00260702-00260854": "you can go to take shower now.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00597-00261751-00261872": "please go!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00598-00265233-00265559": "I don't think, my grandson become a doctor.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00599-00265728-00266025": "you have fulfill your grandpa's wish.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00600-00266506-00266797": "Do you know, my child? everyone is really happy", "2TuqQ539FPk-00601-00266833-00267097": "when we heard that you become a doctor.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00602-00267152-00267252": "everyone is", "2TuqQ539FPk-00603-00267264-00267370": "really proud of you.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00604-00267414-00267703": "You are not only fulfill your grandfather's wish but also", "2TuqQ539FPk-00605-00267776-00268064": "one of the people", "2TuqQ539FPk-00606-00268064-00268351": "who save our citizens' lives.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00607-00268473-00268573": "I am really proud that", "2TuqQ539FPk-00608-00268581-00268725": "my son is", "2TuqQ539FPk-00609-00268757-00268937": "a doctor.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00610-00269077-00269177": "If they want to say, let them say.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00611-00269217-00269535": "if they don't see your value, it's also okay.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00612-00269535-00269820": "the important is, my grandson can", "2TuqQ539FPk-00613-00269820-00270085": "save people's lives and", "2TuqQ539FPk-00614-00270085-00270391": "help them to reunite with their family as well as", "2TuqQ539FPk-00615-00270391-00270525": "bring them back to life.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00616-00270670-00270882": "If you can do these, I am really happy.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00617-00278035-00278317": "Greeting to all Cambodian people who", "2TuqQ539FPk-00618-00278409-00278571": "are watching my live.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00619-00278952-00279182": "Mom! Grandma! Brother is living from hospital.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00620-00279262-00279472": "Virak! I am Virak,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00621-00279503-00279654": "a voluntary doctor,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00622-00279709-00279809": "who left home and my dearest family,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00623-00280447-00280689": "for all of you. To those who are watching now,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00624-00280773-00281053": "Can you stay hygiene,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00625-00281079-00281230": "sanitize yourself,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00626-00281267-00281440": "avoid crowded places", "2TuqQ539FPk-00627-00281513-00281613": "and stay at home", "2TuqQ539FPk-00628-00281713-00281813": "for us?", "2TuqQ539FPk-00629-00282590-00282690": "Mom!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00630-00282905-00283031": "thank you", "2TuqQ539FPk-00631-00283115-00283276": "for taking care of me", "2TuqQ539FPk-00632-00283397-00283501": "until I graduated", "2TuqQ539FPk-00633-00283614-00283756": "and be able to treat patients.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00634-00283964-00284064": "I am proud", "2TuqQ539FPk-00635-00284154-00284306": "of being your son,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00636-00284368-00284476": "your grandson.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00637-00284602-00284702": "I am proud that", "2TuqQ539FPk-00638-00284782-00284882": "I have my grandpa as an army.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00639-00285158-00285258": "Although I am not like my grandpa,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00640-00285533-00285633": "I am proud that", "2TuqQ539FPk-00641-00285781-00285881": "I can contribute to society", "2TuqQ539FPk-00642-00285981-00286148": "in the emergence situation.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00643-00286379-00286538": "If anything happen, or I get infected", "2TuqQ539FPk-00644-00286887-00286987": "because of our nations.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00645-00287232-00287332": "May mom, grandma", "2TuqQ539FPk-00646-00287372-00287472": "and sister", "2TuqQ539FPk-00647-00287532-00287632": "feel proud of me", "2TuqQ539FPk-00648-00287790-00288003": "because I am a doctor that never leave patient aside.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00649-00288374-00288474": "I am sorry, mom that", "2TuqQ539FPk-00650-00288592-00288692": "I am only follow my own will.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00651-00289191-00289291": "I really can't happy with family and", "2TuqQ539FPk-00652-00289308-00289408": "leave patients alone.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00653-00289636-00289736": "Please understand me, mom.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00654-00289994-00290094": "This video,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00655-00290160-00290328": "I also want Ms. Virus", "2TuqQ539FPk-00656-00290409-00290606": "who is my dearest girlfriend, watch.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00657-00290680-00290842": "I do love you", "2TuqQ539FPk-00658-00290946-00291219": "and I will never let my love to you", "2TuqQ539FPk-00659-00291289-00291389": "make me leave the patients.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00660-00291758-00291861": "In the end,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00661-00291988-00292327": "I want all of you to trust us", "2TuqQ539FPk-00662-00292419-00292648": "and we also trust you.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00663-00292751-00293073": "If anyone just headed back from any countries,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00664-00293217-00293372": "please take good care of yourself", "2TuqQ539FPk-00665-00293406-00293612": "and isolate yourself for fourteen days.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00666-00293678-00293811": "If you have any symptoms, please", "2TuqQ539FPk-00667-00293843-00293943": "please", "2TuqQ539FPk-00668-00294024-00294232": "hurry contact to the Ministry of Health and Science.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00669-00294571-00294783": "Your carelessness is nation's responsibility.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00670-00295339-00295439": "Mom!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00671-00295584-00295684": "Mom, don't cry!", "2TuqQ539FPk-00672-00295762-00295862": "brother will be alright.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00673-00296434-00296688": "you should be proud of him.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00674-00298529-00298825": "Although they face terrible virus and", "2TuqQ539FPk-00675-00298897-00299228": "we all know that It hasn't had medical cure,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00676-00299228-00299328": "as doctors,", "2TuqQ539FPk-00677-00299349-00299558": "we have obligation to cure and", "2TuqQ539FPk-00678-00299558-00299876": "treat patients and we will never leave patients aside.", "2TuqQ539FPk-00679-00299876-00300189": "we will never leave patients", "2TuqQ539FPk-00680-00300189-00300344": "no matter what happen."}}, {"audio_id": "2Ty2_HpGERY", "text": {"2Ty2_HpGERY-00000-00000307-00000780": "Taking an online course will require you to immerse yourself in technology for learning", "2Ty2_HpGERY-00001-00000780-00000961": "and communication.", "2Ty2_HpGERY-00002-00000961-00001369": "All KCTCS online courses start in Blackboard.", "2Ty2_HpGERY-00003-00001369-00001820": "Although each of your instructors will choose to use the tools in Blackboard a bit differently,", "2Ty2_HpGERY-00004-00001820-00002351": "you will find that most courses will require you to complete similar tasks.", "2Ty2_HpGERY-00005-00002351-00002856": "To be successful in your online courses, you will be expected to navigate the course shell", "2Ty2_HpGERY-00006-00002856-00003461": "and accomplish common online learning activities such as uploading attachments, posting comments", "2Ty2_HpGERY-00007-00003461-00003767": "in the discussion board, and contacting professors."}}, {"audio_id": "2T-mxnDFKkQ", "text": {"2T-mxnDFKkQ-00000-00000003-00000639": "Welcome to Moodle 3.7! Moodle HQ is delighted to announce the release of", "2T-mxnDFKkQ-00001-00000639-00001191": "Moodle 3.7 bringing a new theme, significant analytics and forum", "2T-mxnDFKkQ-00002-00001191-00001661": "enhancements and improvements to messaging, badges, course management and", "2T-mxnDFKkQ-00003-00001661-00002589": "much more. A new theme, Classic, based on bootstrap 4 and inspired by the Clean", "2T-mxnDFKkQ-00004-00002589-00003030": "theme office the familiar navigation with a three column structure where", "2T-mxnDFKkQ-00005-00003030-00003519": "blocks can be positioned left and right of the main content. You can also choose", "2T-mxnDFKkQ-00006-00003519-00003962": "a preset of background image and brand colours for links, buttons or the", "2T-mxnDFKkQ-00007-00003962-00004470": "navigation bar to make your Moodle site look the way you want it to. The Clean,", "2T-mxnDFKkQ-00008-00004470-00005107": "More and hidden bootstrap based parent theme have now been removed from core.", "2T-mxnDFKkQ-00009-00005107-00005612": "Learning Analytics new features allow you to create new learning analytics", "2T-mxnDFKkQ-00010-00005612-00006203": "models based on existing targets with no coding required. New indicators and time", "2T-mxnDFKkQ-00011-00006203-00006686": "spitting methods are available and you can easily import and export your model", "2T-mxnDFKkQ-00012-00006686-00007140": "definition and model weights to support learning processes using educational", "2T-mxnDFKkQ-00013-00007140-00007745": "data. Participating in forums is now easier and more dynamic than ever thanks", "2T-mxnDFKkQ-00014-00007745-00008307": "to improved accessibility and significant new features. Quick inline", "2T-mxnDFKkQ-00015-00008307-00009029": "response,s private replies, the ability to star and sort discussions and the manual", "2T-mxnDFKkQ-00016-00009029-00009486": "locking of threads all allow for better engagement and smoother navigation.", "2T-mxnDFKkQ-00017-00009486-00009981": "Thanks to the Moodle users association for funding and supporting this", "2T-mxnDFKkQ-00018-00009981-00010632": "important work. Further support for Open badges version 2 means you can give your", "2T-mxnDFKkQ-00019-00010632-00010977": "learners positive reinforcement that they're improving their knowledge and", "2T-mxnDFKkQ-00020-00010977-00011574": "performance by awarding badges based on competencie. Moodle 3.7 also allows you", "2T-mxnDFKkQ-00021-00011574-00011982": "to connect your Moodle site with the Badgr backpack so that your learners", "2T-mxnDFKkQ-00022-00011982-00012348": "can take their digital credentials with them along their entire learning", "2T-mxnDFKkQ-00023-00012348-00013094": "journey. Messaging improvements Moodle 3.7  messaging now includes a new group", "2T-mxnDFKkQ-00024-00013094-00013647": "digest email, the ability to mute conversations and your own personal", "2T-mxnDFKkQ-00025-00013647-00014343": "messaging space for draft messages links, and notes to access later. A  See all link", "2T-mxnDFKkQ-00026-00014343-00014747": "at the bottom of the messaging drawer leads to an improved two column layout,", "2T-mxnDFKkQ-00027-00014747-00015375": "giving users a clearer overview; teachers may be given a capability to delete", "2T-mxnDFKkQ-00028-00015375-00016058": "messages for everyone and permitted users can post messages with iframes.", "2T-mxnDFKkQ-00029-00016094-00016674": "Ccourse custom fields such as checkboxes and text fields can be set up by the", "2T-mxnDFKkQ-00030-00016674-00017244": "administrator to add further information about courses and to improve searching.", "2T-mxnDFKkQ-00031-00017244-00018036": "And with support for LTI 1.3 an advantage Moodle is at the forefront, one", "2T-mxnDFKkQ-00032-00018036-00018561": "of the first learning platforms to implement this standard. Thanks to our", "2T-mxnDFKkQ-00033-00018561-00018969": "developers, community members and Moodle partners for their help with this", "2T-mxnDFKkQ-00034-00018969-00019683": "release. And Moodle 3.7 is dedicated to the UK Open University who have been", "2T-mxnDFKkQ-00035-00019683-00020345": "supporting, developing and giving to the Moodle community for many years."}}, {"audio_id": "2UmioF4q_FQ", "text": {"2UmioF4q_FQ-00000-00001823-00002099": "It is quite clear to everyone today", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00001-00002124-00002894": "that Zionism counters human perfection", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00002-00002898-00003050": "and human societies", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00003-00003053-00003369": "and is the main cause of human decline.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00004-00003370-00003970": "A minority group that is anti-humane and corrupted", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00005-00003972-00004556": "and is against divine values has been organised", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00006-00004571-00005037": "and is countering all the divine values.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00007-00005230-00006038": "These are deviated people who merely think about wealth and power and dominating others.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00008-00006340-00006627": "For more than 2000 years,", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00009-00006690-00006987": "and at least 400 years", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00010-00007026-00008202": "that a small number of Zionists have caused turbulence in human societies", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00011-00008207-00008498": "and have caused irreparable loses.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00012-00008503-00009101": "Slavery, colonialism have been mainly planned by these Zionists.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00013-00009108-00009306": "World War I and II", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00014-00009312-00009668": "- based on clear documents -", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00015-00009765-00010079": "have been aimed at domination", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00016-00010087-00010971": "and the wars have been planned and designed by behind the scenes Zionists.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00017-00011870-00012542": "The Zionists since they dominated the US administration", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00018-00012548-00012874": "they have brought under the control all the affairs of the world.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00019-00012884-00013235": "A few people ...", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00020-00013241-00013574": "acting behind the scene of US US administrations", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00021-00013580-00014155": "and they have under the control all the points of power in the world", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00022-00014160-00014767": "and they dominate all the banking system of the world.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00023-00014773-00015073": "And also, they have dominated the world media.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00024-00015090-00015417": "And they are using all these tools", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00025-00015422-00016152": "for destroying values, cultures, nations and the existence of countries.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00026-00016259-00017011": "You see that wherever there is a major moral destruction and decadence.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00027-00017016-00017373": "You see there are Zionists companies and corporations", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00028-00017383-00017853": "are wherever there is massacre and a slaughter the Zionists are involved.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00029-00017880-00018468": "The formation of the Zionist regime is a pretext and an opportunity for", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00030-00018598-00019095": "actually supports certain governments,", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00031-00019102-00019386": "the governments that serve the Zionists.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00032-00019395-00019757": "They want to create convergence", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00033-00019873-00020101": "because ...", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00034-00020117-00020550": "instead of religion, instead of God, instead of the prophet,", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00035-00020554-00021172": "the divine book and all the perfect values", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00036-00021180-00021396": "they want to destroy all these", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00037-00021401-00021875": "and instead create those governments that serve the Zionists.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00038-00022228-00022507": "And the Zionist regime ...", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00039-00022672-00023034": "is the tool that is used by the Zionists", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00040-00023041-00023435": "for dominating the Middle East and the region and the world.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00041-00023520-00023897": "The existence of the Zionist regime is an insult to all humanity", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00042-00023902-00024448": "and the destruction of the personality and character of nations and human beings.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00043-00024453-00025444": "You know ... they are involved in the racial teachings.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00044-00025452-00026156": "They only consider themselves as humans and they consider others as animals.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00045-00027343-00027739": "Actually, the Zionists consider as authorised the", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00046-00027739-00028166": "killing of humans and plundering the wealth of others.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00047-00028374-00028899": "You see the Western governments, they tolerate being insulted,", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00048-00028904-00029570": "but they do not tolerate any criticism of the Zionist regime", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00049-00029574-00030017": "and they justify all the crimes committed by the Zionist regime", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00050-00030137-00030478": "because they rely on the Zionists", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00051-00030486-00031028": "and the Zionists pay them money for propaganda,", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00052-00031035-00031762": "and it's a party comprising 7-8.000 thousand people", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00053-00031768-00031991": "and they are running all the affairs.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00054-00031995-00032196": "It's a Satanic party today.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00055-00032210-00032780": "Today fighting the Zionist regime", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00056-00032788-00033140": "is equal to protecting the rights of all humans", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00057-00033147-00033413": "and also defending human dignity", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00058-00033423-00034248": "and opening the way for saving the whole humanity from colonialism and arrogance", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00059-00034253-00034765": "and saving humans from poverty and misery.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00060-00034790-00035384": "The whole world should know that today with the grace of God,", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00061-00035586-00036576": "protecting the Zionist regime has turned into a commitment by many countries - Western powers ...", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00062-00036586-00037769": "and on the other hand you see that with the grace of God world al-Quds day has turned into", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00063-00037777-00038716": "a focal point for unity and solidarity of Muslims aimed at eliminating this fake Zionist regime.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00064-00039808-00040160": "For several hundred years", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00065-00040244-00040843": "humanity has been just countering the Zionists", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00066-00040849-00041345": "and for almost hundred years", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00067-00041349-00042175": "you see the nations have been captivated by the Zionist management.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00068-00042221-00042937": "You see in a big country like the US the presidential hopefuls", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00069-00042945-00043709": "they have to bow before the Zionists and show their commitment", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00070-00043715-00044180": "otherwise they will not have the chance in participating in the presidential elections.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00071-00044185-00044333": "You know all these.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00072-00044459-00045035": "Most governments in the West are affiliated to the Zionists", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00073-00045066-00045287": "and the people have no right to choose.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00074-00045297-00045873": "They [the Zionists] have formed several parties and in fact when they ...", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00075-00045972-00046591": "become tired of one party they have no choice, but to depend on, resort to, another party", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00076-00046596-00047162": "and all these parties are after serving the Zionists.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00077-00047345-00047760": "And you see the people are shouting in the US and Europe,", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00078-00047764-00048204": "but there is no one to save the people.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00079-00048347-00049087": "And today they are engaged in a complicated scheme and that means a two state plan.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00080-00049169-00049472": "The Zionist regime is a cancerous tumour.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00081-00049504-00050225": "Even a single cancerous cell in an inch of the Palestine land", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00082-00050230-00050610": "the same situation will continue in the future.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00083-00050702-00051629": "The Zionists are domineering elements and they (want to) are after expansionism.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00084-00052871-00053189": "Stop supporting the Zionist regime", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00085-00053196-00053447": "and they will be of no use for you.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00086-00053480-00053824": "The regional nations have been awakened.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00087-00053888-00054723": "Perhaps though instigating tribal differences you may have a chance for a short period of time.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00088-00054776-00054940": "This will be for the short term.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00089-00054950-00055425": "You should honestly help the regional nations.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00090-00055457-00056345": "You should know that very soon the nations will soon", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00091-00056352-00057095": "eliminate and put an end to the Zionist regime.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00092-00058087-00058684": "You are after a new Middle East and we are also after a new Middle East.", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00093-00058689-00058986": "A new Middle East will definitely take shape,", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00094-00058991-00059527": "but with the grace of God and the help of nations in this new Middle East,", "2UmioF4q_FQ-00095-00059537-00060221": "there will be no trace of the existence of the Americans and the Zionists."}}, {"audio_id": "2UwOt_aTBic", "text": {"2UwOt_aTBic-00000-00000000-00015903": "🎈 Please subscribe 🎈 🎈Подпишись  пожалуйста🎈"}}, {"audio_id": "2UL5he2mptE", "text": {"2UL5he2mptE-00000-00000003-00000587": "On April 30th 1968 with a war in Vietnam raging North Vietnamese troops moved to", "2UL5he2mptE-00001-00000587-00001053": "attack U.S. forces operating at the Dong Ha combat base and Quang Tri Province of", "2UL5he2mptE-00002-00001053-00001299": "South Vietnam - throughout the fierce fighting", "2UL5he2mptE-00003-00001299-00001655": "U.S. Marines stationed there where we were able to repel the assault and counter-attack", "2UL5he2mptE-00004-00001655-00002138": "the North Vietnamese troops at the fortified village of Dai Do -  during the battle", "2UL5he2mptE-00005-00002139-00002735": "Captain Jay R. Vargas commanding officer, Company G, 2nd battalion, 4th Marines", "2UL5he2mptE-00006-00002735-00003101": "9th green amphibious Brigade, 3rd Marine Division. was wounded by enemy fire", "2UL5he2mptE-00007-00003101-00003507": "while relocating his unit Captain Vargas fought through the intense pain", "2UL5he2mptE-00008-00003507-00003909": "continued to display excellent leadership by combining his company with", "2UL5he2mptE-00009-00003909-00004329": "available reserve elements to prepare an assault. He then led his combined force", "2UL5he2mptE-00010-00004329-00004787": "towards the enemy 700 meters of open rice fields while under intense fire.", "2UL5he2mptE-00011-00004787-00005219": "Throughout the three-day battle Captain Vargas continued to lead his men in", "2UL5he2mptE-00012-00005219-00005661": "attacking enemy positions repelling counter-attacks and rendering aid to", "2UL5he2mptE-00013-00005661-00006080": "fellow Marines. When his battalion commander was seriously injured Captain -", "2UL5he2mptE-00014-00006080-00006551": "Vargas at the great risk to himself carried his commanding officer to safety", "2UL5he2mptE-00015-00006551-00007050": "suffering newer wounds Captain Vargas deferred medical treatment and continued", "2UL5he2mptE-00016-00007050-00007486": "to fight. The battle of Dai Do was a victory for the United States Marine Corp", "2UL5he2mptE-00017-00007500-00007795": "and resulted with the complete withdrawal of North Vietnamese Army forces from the area.", "2UL5he2mptE-00018-00007797-00008214": "For his gallant actions and exceptional leadership", "2UL5he2mptE-00019-00008214-00008740": "Captain Jay R. Vargas was awarded the Medal of Honor."}}, {"audio_id": "2VBaO5vK6qA", "text": {"2VBaO5vK6qA-00000-00000000-00000166": "YOU'RE FUCKING SICK!"}}, {"audio_id": "2VHoosHNnKu", "text": {"2VHoosHNnKu-00000-00000093-00000309": "I have always been a bit of loner", "2VHoosHNnKu-00001-00000381-00000666": "Even before the world as we knew it came crashing down", "2VHoosHNnKu-00002-00000756-00001177": "So, when the apocalypse hit  and the undead roamed the streets", "2VHoosHNnKu-00003-00001240-00001449": "I didn't feel as lost as some of the others", "2VHoosHNnKu-00004-00001598-00001780": "Sure, I was scared", "2VHoosHNnKu-00005-00001780-00002078": "But I also knew that I could handle being on my own", "2VHoosHNnKu-00006-00002150-00002541": "I didn't have to worry about anyone else slowing me down or getting me killed", "2VHoosHNnKu-00007-00002701-00003019": "As I spent more time surviving in the zombie-infested world", "2VHoosHNnKu-00008-00003019-00003233": "My skills grew stronger", "2VHoosHNnKu-00009-00003361-00003803": "I became more confident in my abilities to handle the challenges that lay ahead", "2VHoosHNnKu-00010-00003858-00004211": "Knowing that I could rely on myself to make it through each day", "2VHoosHNnKu-00011-00004323-00004530": "With each successful scavenging run", "2VHoosHNnKu-00012-00004594-00004963": "I grew more skilled at navigating through the undead-infested cities", "2VHoosHNnKu-00013-00005109-00005663": "The zeds that once terrified me had become just another obstacle to overcome", "2VHoosHNnKu-00014-00005738-00006096": "And I learned to approach them with a cool-headed determination", "2VHoosHNnKu-00015-00006240-00006500": "My days were spent scavenging for supplies", "2VHoosHNnKu-00016-00006608-00006808": "Always on the move to avoid the undead", "2VHoosHNnKu-00017-00006908-00007263": "And always on high alert for any signs of danger", "2VHoosHNnKu-00018-00007443-00007609": "It was a tough life", "2VHoosHNnKu-00019-00007721-00008093": "But I found myself drawn to the peacefulness of the world around me", "2VHoosHNnKu-00020-00008215-00008405": "There were no more noisy cities", "2VHoosHNnKu-00021-00008459-00008609": "No more rush hour traffic", "2VHoosHNnKu-00022-00008698-00009023": "And no more constant barrage of media and advertisements", "2VHoosHNnKu-00023-00009186-00009421": "One day, while on a run", "2VHoosHNnKu-00024-00009421-00009730": "I stumbled upon an abandoned cabin in the woods", "2VHoosHNnKu-00025-00009836-00010016": "It was small and rustic", "2VHoosHNnKu-00026-00010113-00010523": "But it was sturdy and had clearly been well-maintained before the apocalypse", "2VHoosHNnKu-00027-00010701-00011234": "I decided to make it my home and spent several days fortifying it against the undead", "2VHoosHNnKu-00028-00011405-00011645": "Almost as if the world outside didn't exist", "2VHoosHNnKu-00029-00011809-00012061": "I spent my days fishing in the nearby river", "2VHoosHNnKu-00030-00012144-00012336": "Tending to a small garden I had built", "2VHoosHNnKu-00031-00012430-00012621": "Even taking naps in the afternoon", "2VHoosHNnKu-00032-00012700-00012891": "But even in this peaceful setting", "2VHoosHNnKu-00033-00012991-00013271": "I knew that I couldn't let my guard down completely", "2VHoosHNnKu-00034-00013409-00013589": "The undead were always a threat", "2VHoosHNnKu-00035-00013665-00014183": "But even with this constant vigilance I found that I was no longer living in fear", "2VHoosHNnKu-00036-00014321-00014661": "I had found a sense of peace in this new harsh world", "2VHoosHNnKu-00037-00014743-00015234": "And I was determined to hold onto it as long as I could", "2VHoosHNnKu-00038-00015306-00015782": "As the days turned into weeks and weeks turned into months", "2VHoosHNnKu-00039-00015873-00016056": "I settled into my new life", "2VHoosHNnKu-00040-00016166-00016394": "I knew that I would never be completely safe", "2VHoosHNnKu-00041-00016471-00016988": "But I also knew that I was strong enough to survive in this world", "2VHoosHNnKu-00042-00017096-00017206": "I had to be", "2VHoosHNnKu-00043-00017293-00017583": "And as I sat by my fire on a peaceful evening", "2VHoosHNnKu-00044-00017651-00018131": "I knew that I had found something even more valuable than mere survival", "2VHoosHNnKu-00045-00018201-00018483": "I... had found peace", "2VHoosHNnKu-00046-00018544-00018658": "I am just hoping", "2VHoosHNnKu-00047-00018741-00019063": "That this peacefulness will remain as long as possible"}}, {"audio_id": "2VIdtG_DpvU", "text": {"2VIdtG_DpvU-00000-00000017-00000672": "Good morning, welcome to the Martin C. Jischke Hall of Biomedical Engineering and", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00001-00000672-00001098": "the Purdue Engineering Distinguished Lecture Series.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00002-00001098-00001626": "Just to note - there is an overflow room in 2001 upstairs if you choose not to", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00003-00001626-00002210": "stand but that that is absolutely up to you. This series was started two years", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00004-00002210-00002693": "ago as part of a 150th anniversary celebration here at Purdue", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00005-00002693-00003378": "to bring outstanding academics and professionals to our campus to engage", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00006-00003378-00003947": "our students and staff and faculty and thought-provoking conversations all", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00007-00003947-00004496": "around Grand Challenges in both science and engineering. Now in addition to this", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00008-00004496-00005177": "much-anticipated presentation we'll have a panel session up in Room 2001", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00009-00005177-00005714": "immediately following where we bring together a number of scholars in the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00010-00005714-00006230": "field to really look ahead about what our world will be like with advanced", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00011-00006230-00006923": "optical technologies. I'm now delighted to introduce to you Mark Lundstrom, the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00012-00006923-00007409": "Acting Dean of Engineering Don and Carol Scifres Distinguished Professor of Electrical", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00013-00007409-00007890": "and Computer Engineering here at Purdue. Professor Lundstrom is both an", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00014-00007890-00008589": "outstanding teacher and mentor and as well a renowned scientist in the area of", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00015-00008589-00009192": "physics applied to electronic devices. He was the founding director of our NSF", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00016-00009192-00009870": "supported NCN, the the Network for Computational Nanotechnology here at", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00017-00009870-00010340": "Purdue and is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, so please give a", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00018-00010340-00011233": "warm welcome to Dean Mark Lundstrom.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00019-00011233-00011729": "Thank You, Jorge, and good morning everyone. It's my very great honor to", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00020-00011729-00012275": "introduce our speaker, Professor W e murder the Harry S. Mosher Professor of", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00021-00012275-00012773": "Chemistry at Stanford. Before I introduce W.E., I just want to", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00022-00012773-00013274": "add a few words about this seminar, this very special seminar series that we're", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00023-00013274-00013762": "conducting here at Purdue. The Purdue Engineering Distinguished Lecture Series", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00024-00013762-00014255": "brings a prominent scholar and intellectual leader to campus every", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00025-00014255-00014741": "month. The visit includes a distinguished lecture such as the one we're about to", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00026-00014741-00015218": "hear, a panel discussion which will follow this lecture. Panel discussions", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00027-00015218-00015587": "are always interesting and thought-provoking. It includes extensive", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00028-00015587-00015932": "interactions with faculty and students and I know our students have been", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00029-00015932-00016313": "preparing for some time for Professor Moerner's visit. so we're looking forward", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00030-00016313-00017027": "to that. W.E. Moerner was born in California but grew up in Texas, he did", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00031-00017027-00017519": "his undergraduate education in the Midwest at Washington University in st.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00032-00017519-00018098": "Louis, he received his B.S. in Electrical Engineering with top honors, his B.S. in", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00033-00018098-00018545": "Physics with top honors, and his B.S.  degree in Mathematics Summa Cum Laude", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00034-00018545-00019226": "all in 1975. He is still a ham radio operator and a member of the IEEE.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00035-00019226-00019988": "So I can claim him as an electrical engineer. W.E. then studied", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00036-00019988-00020564": "Pphysics at Cornell and received his M.S. and his PhD - his MS in 1978 and his PhD in", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00037-00020564-00021110": "1982. At that time the U.S. was fortunate to have a number of great corporate", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00038-00021110-00021758": "research labs. W.E. joined IBM research in Almaden, where he was encouraged by his", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00039-00021758-00022235": "IBM managers to do the best science possible and he began the work that", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00040-00022235-00022726": "would lead to the Nobel Prize. As corporate America changed in the early", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00041-00022726-00023423": "1990s IBM Research did too, and that led W.E. back to academia first at UCSD and", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00042-00023423-00024001": "then at Stanford where he has been professor of chemistry since 2002. He's", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00043-00024001-00024453": "the recipient of many major awards, including The Wolf Prize in Chemistry", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00044-00024453-00024945": "the Irving Langmuir Prize in Chemical Physics, and the Peter Debye award in", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00045-00024945-00025452": "Physical Chemistry. He's a member of the National Academy of Sciences,", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00046-00025452-00026106": "he's the 2014 recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on super", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00047-00026106-00026577": "resolve fluorescence microscopy, and today he'll be speaking about super", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00048-00026577-00027511": "resolution microscopy in cells. So please join me in welcoming professor Moerner.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00049-00028211-00028680": "[Moerner]: Well, thank you at the unless term for their wonderful introduction and in", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00050-00028680-00029433": "particular I want to begin this wonderful event, for me the honor of", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00051-00029433-00029991": "being able to present this lecture. I want to thank professor Fang Huang for", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00052-00029991-00030458": "doing so many things to organize my visit and of course the entire", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00053-00030458-00030861": "engineering school for you know allowing me to come. It's a it's a great pleasure", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00054-00030861-00031295": "and honor to be here. So we're going to talk about single molecules, individual", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00055-00031295-00031833": "molecules, which is a combination really of engineering and science, physics,", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00056-00031833-00032418": "chemistry, applied to biology. So you need to be ready for moving from field to", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00057-00032418-00032952": "field during this presentation and I'm going to be making sure hopefully that", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00058-00032952-00033261": "there will be something interesting for everybody to follow and I'm happy to", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00059-00033261-00033851": "explain specific things later in the questions. But first of all our road map", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00060-00033851-00034485": "for today is shown here - it's really been 30 years, actually 31 years, since the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00061-00034485-00034989": "first experiments, but we're going to start with that early days. I would like", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00062-00034989-00035502": "to talk a little bit about the original discovery and observation of individual", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00063-00035502-00035801": "molecules because that's what everything followed from afterwards.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00064-00035801-00036201": "Super-resolution microscopy is one of the favorite applications but it's not", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00065-00036201-00036618": "the only one, but I'll describe it briefly and then talk about new work", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00066-00036618-00037086": "because the question here is of course what's new? So we've been doing some", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00067-00037086-00037545": "low-temperature localization microscopy with single molecules to provide annotation", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00068-00037545-00038148": "of cryo-electron tomography images so that's a very new step forward that we", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00069-00038148-00038604": "think is interesting. I'll then talk about three-dimensional imaging where we", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00070-00038604-00039078": "use point-spread function engineering to get the third axial dimension in a two-", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00071-00039078-00039540": "dimensional microscope and talk about a specific tilted light sheet microscopy", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00072-00039540-00039930": "that utilizes point-spread functions in a nice way.There's a number of", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00073-00039930-00040419": "applications that I won't have time to talk about, applications to specific", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00074-00040419-00040920": "biological systems, but I'll mention them along the way, and then at the end for", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00075-00040920-00041307": "some more fun we'll talk about neural nets because we've been utilizing neural", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00076-00041307-00041841": "nets for analyzing a single molecule images. Recently so starting with that", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00077-00041841-00042549": "historical summary very briefly - if you think back to the mid-1980s there were", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00078-00042549-00043116": "beautiful experiments on single atoms in a vacuum trap but no single molecule", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00079-00043116-00043677": "experiments and so we detected single molecules in 1989 when I was at IBM it", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00080-00043677-00044154": "was a technique that utilized quantum limited laser frequency modulation", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00081-00044154-00044760": "spectroscopy, a beautiful technique but I don't have time to describe. But why did", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00082-00044760-00045144": "this happen at IBM is that wasn't sort of more interesting at this point we had", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00083-00045144-00045606": "the ability to do fundamental research in basic science exploring an", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00084-00045606-00046236": "application into optical storage to use molecules and solids and to write bits", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00085-00046236-00046587": "in the frequency domain. So there were there were these things called spectral", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00086-00046587-00047070": "holes which are marks in the wavelength of the light used to illuminate a sample", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00087-00047070-00047457": "and you can imagine putting thousands of bits in one location by using this", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00088-00047457-00047895": "frequency domain. But the the real important point is that I was interested", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00089-00047895-00048240": "in the signal-to-noise ratio is interested in what is going to limit our", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00090-00048240-00048905": "ability to detect a small spectral feature so that that represents in", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00091-00048905-00049443": "equivalently asking this question. I think about pentacene molecules and a", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00092-00049443-00049836": "crystal of or phenol transparent and this is the electronic absorption of", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00093-00049836-00050259": "pentacene molecules, billions of molecules, and so you can see that it's", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00094-00050259-00050652": "it's got a certain color. But this is an inhomogeneously brought in line where", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00095-00050652-00050933": "we were going to write a thousand bits in the in the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00096-00050933-00051338": "peak of this line. So it was important to know whether this was a smooth line. If", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00097-00051338-00051800": "you spread it out as high resolution is it just a horizontal line or not okay", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00098-00051800-00052199": "that's the signal-to-noise question. And so we set out to measure what it really", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00099-00052199-00052717": "looked like and we found this we found an amazing spectral structure now very", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00100-00052717-00053210": "very high resolution, low temperatures, single frequency, one megahertz, the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00101-00053210-00053755": "language lasers are required to measure this and it's not noise if you measure", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00102-00053755-00054194": "this once and then measure it again in the same piece of sample you see the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00103-00054194-00054599": "same spectral structure. So this is coming from the molecules piling up", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00104-00054599-00055105": "individual molecules absorptions piling up in a certain way and so we called it", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00105-00055105-00055514": "statistical fine structure because it's amplitude scaled as the square root of", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00106-00055514-00055889": "the number of molecules and resonance. Think about that for a minute you know", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00107-00055889-00056288": "most spectral features scale linearly with the number of molecules you put ten", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00108-00056288-00056629": "times more molecules again ten times more absorption. This is a feature whose", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00109-00056629-00056969": "amplitude changes as the square root of the number of molecules because it's", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00110-00056969-00057263": "coming from that statistical effect that I just described.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00111-00057263-00057752": "So because we could see this in an answer to that question above it also", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00112-00057752-00058133": "led me to think well maybe we can detect a single molecule if we can detect these", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00113-00058133-00058670": "peaks in fact you only have to work a square root of N harder to get to the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00114-00058670-00058970": "single molecule limit. Think about that for a minute you don't have to work N", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00115-00058970-00059552": "times harder just a square root of N harder. Okay so that's why we used FN", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00116-00059552-00060113": "spectroscopy and 1989 to detect single molecules and it sort of started that", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00117-00060113-00060623": "this field. Now there was an explosion of interest in in detecting single", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00118-00060623-00061022": "molecules and they everyone switched to fluorescence which was very important", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00119-00061022-00061394": "because you could also detect the molecules by recording the emitted", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00120-00061394-00061811": "fluorescence and and that turns out to give better signal-to-noise but it", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00121-00061811-00062275": "wasn't the first method anyway that that an important step by Michel Laurie,", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00122-00062275-00062939": "caused another rush of wonderful people moving into the field measuring every", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00123-00062939-00063335": "situation they could think of for single molecules at low temperatures. But what", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00124-00063335-00063804": "really matters for thinking about the whole field now is what were this really", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00125-00063804-00064237": "important surprises that we started seeing at low temperatures", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00126-00064237-00064608": "that molecules would blink they would turn on and off or they would move in", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00127-00064608-00065113": "frequency space even at 1.2  degrees Kelvin in a crystal. Interesting", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00128-00065113-00065422": "science. Of course people thought \"oh well these molecules are not very stable", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00129-00065422-00065851": "they're not very interesting\" but this is the beginnings of what's going to come", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00130-00065851-00066442": "later when I talk about single molecules used for super-resolution. We could turn", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00131-00066442-00066907": "molecules on and off optically and those were very important surprises that", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00132-00066907-00067240": "weren't really expected until you started doing experiments in the single", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00133-00067240-00067762": "molecule regime. Then the field moved to room temperature in the mid-90s and a", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00134-00067762-00068077": "lot of people showed that you could detect single molecules even in room", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00135-00068077-00068527": "temperature by many different microscopic methods near-field confocal", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00136-00068527-00069061": "wide field-to-photon and so on. And so that's all wonderful, it just means you", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00137-00069061-00069487": "have to be more careful about lowering backgrounds because now you don't have", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00138-00069487-00069889": "the narrowness and the strength of the absorption that's true at low", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00139-00069889-00070333": "temperatures to help you, but nevertheless surprises also appeared at", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00140-00070333-00070677": "room temperature. We started looking at a single copy of green fluorescent protein", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00141-00070677-00071212": "and the first time we saw that we saw it was also blinking on and off in a random", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00142-00071212-00071764": "sort of way and so that's an important step, but again some people thought \"well,", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00143-00071764-00072061": "this is not very interesting what you're going to do if there's if the molecules", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00144-00072061-00072547": "are are unstable in some way you'll see that coming back.\" In a few moments when", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00145-00072547-00073180": "we start talking about super resolution as well so the room temperature", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00146-00073180-00073683": "experiments that we do just to make sure everyone's on board in terms of the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00147-00073683-00074257": "techniques that we utilize and mostly we're basically like this yeah imagine", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00148-00074257-00074842": "you want to see a particular let's say protein or oligonucleotide and if it's", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00149-00074842-00075268": "not natively fluorescent we attach a fluorescent label to it. Usually that's", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00150-00075268-00075661": "these kinds of molecules small molecules a couple of one to two nanometers in", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00151-00075661-00076060": "size is one possibility. Rhodamine signing dyes or whatever or", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00152-00076060-00076507": "you can also attach a green fluorescent protein to the object of interest but", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00153-00076507-00076932": "the point is once you've done that now you want to pump and collect the emitted", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00154-00076932-00077299": "light from those single molecules and what we're always doing and these", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00155-00077299-00077540": "experiments is humping electronic transitions of the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00156-00077540-00077891": "molecule and collecting emitted fluorescence shifted to long wavelengths.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00157-00077891-00078179": "All right, usually you avoid dark states like", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00158-00078179-00078515": "triplets and so on but that actually is a source of the blinking that we're", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00159-00078515-00079040": "going to utilize later. So the experiment you can think of it as", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00160-00079040-00079508": "focusing a laser down to a small spot but you may know that due to", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00161-00079508-00079937": "diffraction you cannot make this spot infinitely small, it cannot be smaller,", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00162-00079937-00080405": "and then lambda over roughly two times the numerical aperture of the microscope", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00163-00080405-00080954": "numerical aperture is about one, so this is the diffraction limit of visible", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00164-00080954-00081467": "light. And if using let's say 500 nanometer light green light and so that", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00165-00081467-00081959": "is a fundamental property that's coming from physics, coming from diffraction", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00166-00081959-00082433": "itself, so you might say well that's huge compared to the size of these molecules", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00167-00082433-00082820": "but no problem you can still get to the single molecule limit-  just dilute them,", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00168-00082820-00083219": "just make sure they're further apart then the width of this spot so that now", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00169-00083219-00083681": "the emitted light is coming from just one molecule being pumped. Okay so that's", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00170-00083681-00084107": "the kind of thing you have to do at room temperature to to get to the single", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00171-00084107-00084530": "molecule limit but we'll solve that problem in a moment. As well thinking of", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00172-00084530-00084896": "this regime and just giving you an example of what happens in this regime", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00173-00084896-00085271": "especially since we went to room temperature what happens if you look", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00174-00085271-00085721": "with a wide field microscope and look at a big piece of a sample and this is a", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00175-00085721-00086281": "cell where the a transmembrane protein has been labeled with a fluorescent", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00176-00086281-00086987": "label and we see this wonderful exciting measurement and I still love this", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00177-00086987-00087341": "measurement even though the you know the imaging and the codec is not so", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00178-00087341-00087797": "beautiful now. But this is quite a long time ago right this this particular", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00179-00087797-00088250": "measurement I love to watch those molecules on the surface of the cell", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00180-00088250-00088634": "because again, you know you may not have realized this, but the the molecules on", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00181-00088634-00088988": "the surface of the cells in your body are doing this now even faster because", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00182-00088988-00089447": "this is about 22 degrees C - yours are moving faster, this is the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00183-00089447-00090164": "native motion of individual molecules on the surface of your cells and that you", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00184-00090164-00090603": "know you very quickly realize that that motion and diffusion and", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00185-00090603-00091181": "randomness Brownian effects are important in on the biological scales", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00186-00091181-00091572": "and to make things work and I'm showing it again and again because there's", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00187-00091572-00092232": "there's so many interesting things in this movie. Sorry, one more time also note", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00188-00092232-00092628": "that the molecules don't look like infinitely small dots. That's the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00189-00092628-00092913": "diffraction limit that I just told you about - they look like a spot that's about", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00190-00092913-00093468": "250 nanometers in size and you see them disappearing some molecules are going", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00191-00093468-00093708": "away, that's photo bleaching and molecules", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00192-00093708-00094113": "give us maybe a million photons before they give up some special cases. Of", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00193-00094113-00094560": "course can do better but you you see that we have to live with those finite", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00194-00094560-00095118": "number of photons. Everything that we do becomes a an estimation challenge how do", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00195-00095118-00095532": "you learn as much as possible with with a finite number of photons so and so on.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00196-00095532-00096216": "So now the next thing that's important to recognize is that because you could", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00197-00096216-00096846": "start doing that observing individuals and removing ensemble averaging many", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00198-00096846-00097218": "many scientists all over the world started applying these methods. Let's", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00199-00097218-00097545": "look and see what happens if we watch them one by one - how do they behave, do", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00200-00097545-00097932": "they all behave the same, do they behave differently, is there heterogeneity and", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00201-00097932-00098412": "of course there certainly is. And I apologize for this laundry list but it's", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00202-00098412-00099015": "just to kind of emphasize that so many interesting things have been done at", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00203-00099015-00099459": "room temperature and at low temperatures to just look at individual molecules.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00204-00099459-00099945": "It's fantastic - there's applications to biophysics and", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00205-00099945-00100506": "cell biology, there's applications to photon anti-bunching and so on. So it's", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00206-00100506-00100896": "it's wonderful to be able to look at these sort of ultimate individual", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00207-00100896-00101376": "objects and ask questions about a complex environment whether it's a", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00208-00101376-00102123": "polymer or a cell or other sorts of interesting situations. So now if you", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00209-00102123-00102461": "think about these kinds of measurements in a different way - I want to kind of", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00210-00102461-00102822": "tell you a little bit more about what we can learn by measurements on the single", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00211-00102822-00103182": "molecules. First of all remembering that we have", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00212-00103182-00103623": "this diffraction limit even though we have a very tiny emitter its spot looks", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00213-00103623-00103911": "large and now I'm showing you like a two-dimensional representation", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00214-00103911-00104319": "of the image on the camera that's the diffraction limit defining the width of", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00215-00104319-00104820": "that spot. And what many people do a very important thing you can do is to", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00216-00104820-00105301": "localize the molecule find out where it is and you do that by fitting a model", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00217-00105301-00105748": "function to this measure data from a from a camera and then the model", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00218-00105748-00106099": "function will have as one of its parameters the center position or the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00219-00106099-00106603": "location of that molecule and the error in determining that that position has a", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00220-00106603-00107211": "much smaller error distribution okay so and that error distribution scales as 1", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00221-00107211-00107623": "over the square root of the number of photons. So this this previous limit", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00222-00107623-00108130": "that's the abbaye limit can be reduced if you have a single molecule because", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00223-00108130-00108466": "you can localize it much better if you get it if you get a 10 to the 4th", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00224-00108466-00108877": "photons then it's a hundred times below the diffraction limit it's the precision", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00225-00108877-00109294": "for where you can find the molecule. So this is all great but it only and and", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00226-00109294-00109659": "that's the regime where much of that previous work I just showed you was is", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00227-00109659-00110215": "being done but it doesn't give you resolution, this doesn't give you the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00228-00110215-00110608": "ability to distinguish two molecules that are very close together because", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00229-00110608-00111178": "these spots will overlap. Okay so that's why super resolution is a is a step", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00230-00111178-00111780": "beyond just localization and so for super resolution imaging what we do and", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00231-00111780-00112141": "I'm gonna I'm gonna describe it fairly quickly because I think many people", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00232-00112141-00112555": "already know this - what we do when we have many many molecules potentially", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00233-00112555-00113026": "overlapping we use the fact that you can turn them on or off well use the fact", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00234-00113026-00113511": "that they either blink or we can photo activate them to make the concentration", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00235-00113511-00114076": "be very low in any imaging frame. If you make sure that there's very few in any", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00236-00114076-00114502": "imaging frame then you can localize them by the normal method by this method up", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00237-00114502-00115086": "here and then you can get information from the samples of the underlying", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00238-00115086-00115455": "structure from multiple images. So another way to say that is suppose I", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00239-00115455-00115849": "have this structure here and I've got floor floors all along it if I just do a", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00240-00115849-00116323": "diffraction-limited image I'll see big blurry features but if I can go to this", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00241-00116323-00116713": "individual molecule limit at low concentration enabled by active control,", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00242-00116713-00117210": "the experimenter has to actively pick a way to make sure most of the molecules", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00243-00117210-00117560": "are off given time then in each imaging frame", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00244-00117560-00117900": "I can localize and the next imaging frame I'm going to get a different molecule", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00245-00117900-00118347": "different molecules the different emitters are imaged at different times.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00246-00118347-00118730": "So this is a few like time domain multiplexing of learning about the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00247-00118730-00119234": "positions of the molecules and a complex structure and then you take all those", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00248-00119234-00119544": "positions that you've recorded in the computer and show them all at once", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00249-00119544-00120027": "so the final result is a reconstruction of the underlying structure that was", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00250-00120027-00120504": "beyond the diffraction limit before so it's it's a fascinating way to use that", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00251-00120504-00121002": "sort of blinking business and that I mentioned earlier. Now what are", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00252-00121002-00121401": "people also still doing, they're also tracking single molecules so let's not", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00253-00121401-00121979": "forget that this works for a static structure essentially that's static on", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00254-00121979-00122508": "the timescale of this measurement. But you can also just watch a one single", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00255-00122508-00122874": "individual where that same individual is being observed at different time points", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00256-00122874-00123354": "and get a precise trajectory of the motion of that set that molecule, for", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00257-00123354-00123758": "example in the nucleus or in a cytoplasm or at other interesting structures where", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00258-00123758-00124154": "you'd like to learn about the behavior from the motion. So these these", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00259-00124154-00124515": "approaches let us now observe structures and", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00260-00124515-00124977": "motions beyond the diffraction limit in 3D. You can also measure orientations of", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00261-00124977-00125291": "molecules - that's another fascinating thing that basically comes from", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00262-00125291-00125792": "polarization measurements. So you can see what the direction that the dipole the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00263-00125792-00126329": "transition dipole in the molecule is oriented - you can look at properties of", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00264-00126329-00126809": "the local environment from the emission. Is it does it have a short lifetime,", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00265-00126809-00127361": "a long lifetime, things like that. And the size and charges of objects can even be", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00266-00127361-00127901": "sensed in single molecule measurements. So that's kind of this big overview of", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00267-00127901-00128523": "and now given that we can do this super-resolution imaging -  okay once again", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00268-00128523-00129054": "a large number of people have jumped into this area and are utilizing super", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00269-00129054-00129683": "resolution microscopy in many different systems, and once again I cannot possibly", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00270-00129683-00130146": "summarize everything that's done in this field. But to just give you a few quick", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00271-00130146-00130589": "examples here's the interesting observation -", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00272-00130589-00131225": "the Zhuang lab at Harvard, they they were looking at neurons and a particular", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00273-00131225-00131651": "protein in the neurons, spectrin, and discovered that there is a", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00274-00131651-00132038": "fascinating banding pattern perpendicular to the long axis of an", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00275-00132038-00132512": "axon that hadn't been observed before that's below the diffraction limit and", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00276-00132512-00132989": "so on. It tells you something interesting about the structure of the axon. Here's", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00277-00132989-00133796": "something from Fang Huang's work - this is the synaptonemal complex imaging", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00278-00133796-00134353": "with with super resolution. Here is an example that relates to amyloid diseases", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00279-00134353-00134732": "this is the Huntington protein inside a cell.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00280-00134732-00135353": "Mutant Huntington will form aggregates in fibrils, there are these really huge large inclusion bodies,", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00281-00135353-00135740": "but we also find it fascinating to be able to see with super resolution these", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00282-00135740-00136268": "very very tiny fibrils all around, scattered around in the cell. And so", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00283-00136268-00136610": "there's a number of people that are applying these methods to different", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00284-00136610-00137327": "kinds of important questions that relate to amyloid formation. And then that this", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00285-00137327-00137864": "last quick example is an image of the glycocalyx -  now what's the glycocalyx?", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00286-00137864-00138221": "It turns out that the surfaces of our cells are decorated with many interesting", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00287-00138221-00138680": "sugars, the glycocalyx is the general term for these glycans that are there on", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00288-00138680-00139121": "the surface of the cell forming interesting structures and so on.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00289-00139121-00139661": "And especially in cancer cells this is this is a cancer cell - there are these these", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00290-00139661-00140249": "tubules extending out from from the from the cell membrane and they're decorated", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00291-00140249-00140624": "with these sugars. So if we image the sugars and the positions of the sugars", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00292-00140624-00141050": "using a fluorescent label we can see with super-resolution their shapes and", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00293-00141050-00141503": "sizes and so forth. And then follow that as cells go through a transition into a", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00294-00141503-00142004": "cancerous form and etc. So there's just so many interesting things that people", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00295-00142004-00142616": "can do now with with these kinds of approaches. So since as I said I can't", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00296-00142616-00143321": "summarize this whole field by myself then what I'm going to talk about now is", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00297-00143321-00143738": "some of the new things we've been doing that", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00298-00143738-00144179": "are designed at pushing super-resolution forward, pushing single molecule", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00299-00144179-00144536": "measurements into other regimes. So I'm gonna talk about going back to low", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00300-00144536-00145044": "temperatures briefly, talk about in in a little bit more detail how we do our 3D", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00301-00145044-00145721": "imaging and then explain this TILT3D microscope. I showed you this already so", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00302-00145721-00146084": "I'm not gonna go a lot more into that but I'm instead going to spend the end", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00303-00146084-00146800": "talking about how you use neural nets on in this whole problem. So I hope that you", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00304-00146800-00147211": "can follow me through these different sort of descriptions of really new work.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00305-00147211-00147875": "Well, if you like a motivation for this next portion I'm going to talk", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00306-00147875-00148346": "about super resolution microscopy which is an optical method and combine it in a", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00307-00148346-00148763": "certain way with electron microscopy which is a related and different method.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00308-00148763-00149240": "But we the way to talk about this work is to go back to this beautiful drawing", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00309-00149240-00149753": "by David Goodsell of what's inside a bacterial cell. In this case there are so", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00310-00149753-00150207": "many interesting little machines and proteins involved here. Well people can", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00311-00150207-00150650": "look at this with electron microscopy which has a very very high spatial", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00312-00150650-00151079": "resolution, but what you see and for example, cryogenic electron tomography", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00313-00151079-00151482": "that's the one where you take many many TILT images and so on and try to look at", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00314-00151482-00151880": "a thicker sample instead of just looking at one protein at a time -  looking at the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00315-00151880-00152549": "whole sort of cell you see a grayscale image, you see an image of the density", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00316-00152549-00152924": "that's there that's what the electron microscopy is giving you it's certainly", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00317-00152924-00153398": "a high resolution but the problem is you don't know which structure is which - if", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00318-00153398-00153959": "it's if it's just all a grayscale blur. Now on the other hand we know that you", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00319-00153959-00154385": "can see single molecules like I just said and localize them that are", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00320-00154385-00154862": "specifically attached to a specific protein so the idea here is to combine", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00321-00154862-00155244": "this cryogenic electron from tomography and single molecule fluorescence", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00322-00155244-00155801": "localizations. Then what you can do is if this advancer will work then you will", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00323-00155801-00156272": "you would have the knowledge that those particular positions in the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00324-00156272-00156710": "cryo-electron microscopy image were those specific proteins that we had", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00325-00156710-00157098": "labeled by an an observer [...] So that's why we", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00326-00157098-00157635": "call it, we're going to call this single molecule annotation. So this needs to", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00327-00157635-00158094": "this then requires that we do our optical microscopy on a sample that's a", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00328-00158094-00158526": "cryogenic sample that can be immediately sent to a cryo-electron microscope.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00329-00158526-00158994": "So that's the challenge here - we need to do experiments on cells that are on an", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00330-00158994-00159357": "electron microscope grid. So Peter Dahlberg and my postdoc has", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00331-00159357-00159960": "been pursuing this interesting project -  so the workflow for all of this involves", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00332-00159960-00160419": "first of all you have cells that are fluorescently labeled and we typically", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00333-00160419-00160818": "right now are using a particular fluorescent protein called PAmKate -", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00334-00160818-00161187": "it's just another one of these huge menagerie of fluorescent proteins but", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00335-00161187-00161640": "it's one that works at 77K because we also found that many others don't work", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00336-00161640-00162141": "at 77K. What I mean by work - I need this active control scheme I need to be able", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00337-00162141-00162495": "to turn the molecules on and off because if they're all on that I won't be able", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00338-00162495-00162969": "to get the super resolution information that we'd like to have so PAmKate.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00339-00162969-00163368": "We learned that that works and published that recently. So here's some bacterial", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00340-00163368-00163917": "cells that have been labeled - you have to plunge freeze a solution of the cells on", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00341-00163917-00164391": "an electron microscope grid into liquid ethane that produces vitreous ice - it", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00342-00164391-00164733": "freezes the water so fast that it doesn't form a crystal it stays", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00343-00164733-00165069": "transparent and it's a it's a way to make sure that you haven't really", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00344-00165069-00165573": "perturbed the system very much when even though you've cooled it down. Then we", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00345-00165573-00165993": "take that sample into the optical microscope . So here's here's the electron", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00346-00165993-00166404": "microscope grid - it's in liquid nitrogen - and all the image thing then is done in", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00347-00166404-00166884": "that environment but done in the usual sort of way with a pumping laser and an", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00348-00166884-00167220": "activation laser and collecting fluorescence from the sample just like", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00349-00167220-00167640": "before. Okay then that sample is taken over to", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00350-00167640-00168168": "the the electron microscope and and measured if you like with electron", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00351-00168168-00168573": "tomography and then those images have to be combined - you have to figure out how", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00352-00168573-00169029": "to register and visualize the electron microscope image and the information", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00353-00169029-00169455": "from the optical image together. Okay so this is as I say the work of Peter", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00354-00169455-00170022": "Dahlberg that has been pushing this in my lab. So I want to tell you an example", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00355-00170022-00170477": "of how this works. From our favor one of our favorite", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00356-00170477-00171140": "organisms, caulobacter crescentus - caulobacter is a bacterium that's been", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00357-00171140-00171848": "studied for decades by our friend Lucy Shapiro at Stanford and the idea is and", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00358-00171848-00172284": "what's interesting about it is that this organism divides asymmetrically. This is", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00359-00172284-00172778": "a pre divisional cell so you can see that there is a stalked form and another", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00360-00172778-00173315": "daughter cell that's forming that has a flagellum. And so in is the cell cycle", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00361-00173315-00173738": "goes forward you you have stalk cells that can start dividing but then you", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00362-00173738-00174101": "creates warmer cells and leave a stalk cell behind - you have two different", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00363-00174101-00174524": "daughter cells even though it's a small bacteria. So that's fascinating - how does", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00364-00174524-00174948": "it work, what how does this happen, how do you program this cell that's there been", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00365-00174948-00175509": "the key problem that's been under study for a really long time. And so I want to", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00366-00175509-00176102": "use this as a model system to prove our technique by focusing on just one part", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00367-00176102-00176651": "of the cell, this region called the chemoreceptor array. This is a set of", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00368-00176651-00177041": "proteins that sense environment and say okay if there's a lot of food or so", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00369-00177041-00177423": "forth then we're going to now begin our transition from a swarmer cell to a", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00370-00177423-00177785": "stalk cell for example. But all the details of that are not important just", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00371-00177785-00178253": "to just remember that if I think of that structure and do an electron microscope", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00372-00178253-00178825": "image an electron tomogram slice you see that there are these two lines here", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00373-00178825-00179196": "close to this inner membrane there's all these other membranes, don't worry about", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00374-00179196-00179760": "tha,t but you can see the chemoreceptor array right there all right yeah. So it's", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00375-00179760-00180128": "an example of something from the electron microscope image that you can", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00376-00180128-00180617": "you can recognize. Okay and so that's why we wanted to use this - you can recognize", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00377-00180617-00181085": "it both in the electric electron microscopy and I'll show you in the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00378-00181085-00181647": "optical microscopy. So this schema receptor array is composed of certain", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00379-00181647-00182227": "proteins but - gosh I wish I knew why this doesn't advance, if anybody knows tell me", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00380-00182227-00182946": "this is a Logitech - so it's supposed to be made of McpA proteins and other", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00381-00182946-00183425": "proteins - but let's look first at the McpA  proteins - can we find them, can we see", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00382-00183425-00183864": "them optically in this receptor array? And so we image over", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00383-00183864-00184377": "expression of the protein McpA fused to PAmKate, our photoactivatable", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00384-00184377-00184857": "fluorescent protein. And these images look like this - so on the left is the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00385-00184857-00185502": "diffraction-limited image and you can see that there's some white images", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00386-00185502-00185985": "that's just the entire cell lit up in another way. The fluorescence I'm", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00387-00185985-00186384": "talking about is this orange in red, it's near the end of the cells as it's", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00388-00186384-00186726": "supposed to be. You saw it should be near the end but we need a much better", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00389-00186726-00187113": "localization than this diffraction-limited image. So if you then", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00390-00187113-00187701": "go to the single molecule limit you see these beautiful individual spots and", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00391-00187701-00188073": "you're gonna see more of them turn on as we activate more floor force and then", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00392-00188073-00188403": "you'll see them ultimately turn off and you'll see things like that. But notice", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00393-00188403-00188886": "this is at 77K and this is a hundred times sped up - these molecules are not", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00394-00188886-00189366": "blinking fast they stay for a long time and that's why we're doing this actually", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00395-00189366-00189825": "if you have a long time and less photo bleaching you get more photons and", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00396-00189825-00190146": "therefore better precision for determining the position of the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00397-00190146-00190692": "molecules. So that's that's the idea here so these molecules get localized by", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00398-00190692-00191181": "fitting and measurements and in fact there's there's the long long times will", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00399-00191181-00191622": "lead not only high precision which is good, but possibly also overlapping PSFs", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00400-00191622-00192012": "which is not so good I say PSFs here because that's the image of a single", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00401-00192012-00192669": "molecule informally and so we have to work hard to deal with overlapping PSFs.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00402-00192669-00193026": "And of course there's theoretical approaches that various people have have", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00403-00193026-00193512": "presented about dealing with overlapping PSFs. But in this case since we can see", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00404-00193512-00193956": "the emission from one spot go up and down digitally we know that there's a", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00405-00193956-00194421": "molecule that turned off at this point on and then off in this time period.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00406-00194421-00194859": "So you can take the light underneath it and call that a background and subtract that", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00407-00194859-00195390": "background and fit the the photons from just one emitte. So that you can see", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00408-00195390-00195663": "that this is very clear - there's an estimate of background emitter plus", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00409-00195663-00196100": "background and then you get the emitter alone and can fit the emitter along.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00410-00196100-00196686": "So once you do that for every frame then you get these small black dots those are", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00411-00196686-00197115": "the localizations for each frame okay for each frame each one-second long", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00412-00197115-00197481": "frame but it's the same molecule for many many frames. So we should combine", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00413-00197481-00197865": "the information from all of those localizations and so that's what this", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00414-00197865-00198462": "circle is - that's the average location sum over all of those individual frame", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00415-00198462-00198909": "localizations and now we can use these measurements to define its precision the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00416-00198909-00199383": "statistical precision by the radius of that circle. So the bottom line you get", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00417-00199383-00199881": "information down to the few nanometer level of where this protein is by this", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00418-00199881-00200460": "method. That's the idea. So now in this case it happened to be 12,000 photons so", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00419-00200460-00200916": "nine nanometers, but there's there's a number of cases where it's five and even", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00420-00200916-00201432": "down to one nanometer. So what do we do with this data now after all that", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00421-00201432-00201876": "registration business you put it on top of the cell and you see that there are", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00422-00201876-00202305": "many spots that are close to this chemoreceptor array in the electron", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00423-00202305-00202854": "microscope image. And it's it's sort of fascinating that many of them are there.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00424-00202854-00203271": "And a note, by the way, that our optical images are above and below the plane of", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00425-00203271-00203675": "this electron microscope image because this is just one very very thin slice", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00426-00203675-00204039": "and you might say \"well what's going on over here - here's a molecule very far", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00427-00204039-00204495": "away? Yeah, that's interesting isn't it, right?\" There very well maybe a molecule", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00428-00204495-00204912": "over there that you you because you know there's no rule that say all of them", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00429-00204912-00205262": "have to be in the array - you synthesize these they move around in the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00430-00205262-00205710": "cell, they have to find their location over time, but mostly they're there in", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00431-00205710-00206246": "the in the proper location. So is it in the chemoreceptor array? Yes of course", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00432-00206246-00206642": "and and we see a clear correspondence between the single molecule annotations", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00433-00206642-00207290": "as we call them and the CET density. Great, so that is a known structure. But", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00434-00207290-00207609": "we can also apply this to unknown structures, the structures where you", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00435-00207609-00208257": "don't see a clear pattern in in the cell. And an example - here is a is a molecule", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00436-00208257-00208871": "called PopZ which is in the sorry it's it's in the polar region it forms sort", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00437-00208871-00209601": "of a microenvironment near the poles the PopZ does and so it's not easily seen", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00438-00209601-00210114": "in the electron microscopy images so what do we do then? Well we observe", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00439-00210114-00210473": "singles and here's an example of the data of blinking", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00440-00210473-00211002": "molecules and that are all used to every time a molecule comes on we localize it", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00441-00211002-00211425": "and put it in the image. Here is the electron microscope image of that same", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00442-00211425-00211902": "region and you can see that you know the here is one of the cells and here's the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00443-00211902-00212519": "other cell of two that were that had divided. And if you now take all of this", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00444-00212519-00212948": "electron microscope image information -  what people normally do is that they", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00445-00212948-00213417": "like to annotate electron microscopy images - they by hand start marking out", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00446-00213417-00213882": "things that can be observed. Okay so that is how you can localize and say well you", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00447-00213882-00214308": "know you can see these membranes the inner membrane the peptidoglycan layer", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00448-00214308-00214746": "the outer membrane and so forth. And you see all these dots, these dots are all", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00449-00214746-00215181": "coming from ribosomes. Ribosomes are large and big black blobs so you know", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00450-00215181-00215598": "which things to mark as ribosomes, but remember this is hand annotated and some", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00451-00215598-00215916": "people use neural nets to do that too but they train the neural nets by having", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00452-00215916-00216387": "people you know pick out these spots and that's fine. So it gives you you know a", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00453-00216387-00216773": "fancy-dancy image that you can rotate and so on. But what about all the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00454-00216773-00217077": "proteins that are not annotated - it that's the point here there's a", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00455-00217077-00217431": "thousands of proteins that are not annotated and that's why we're looking", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00456-00217431-00217932": "at these optical experiments to try to annotate those that are not easily seen.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00457-00217932-00218417": "So this this zeroes in on this region near the pole where there's no ribosomes", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00458-00218417-00219044": "- that's the the feature of PopZ - it excludes ribosomes so the ribosomes stop", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00459-00219044-00219459": "and there's something here but you can't annotate it in the electron microscope", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00460-00219459-00219848": "image. So and that's that's sort of showing that as a blow-up it's this a", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00461-00219848-00220434": "region-free of ribosomes. So I'm now drawing the void", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00462-00220434-00220887": "okay the region where there are no ribosomes all right, and then on top of it you'll", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00463-00220887-00221526": "see the localizations of single PopZ molecules. So now we're we can show that", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00464-00221526-00221901": "you can use this method to say where are the molecules that you can't identify", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00465-00221901-00222363": "easily in electron microscope images? These are also shown in with a 3D", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00466-00222363-00222738": "information with this cross structure because we also get a little Z", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00467-00222738-00223319": "information from this microscope using astigmatism. So that's that's an example", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00468-00223319-00223742": "of what you can do with single molecules ow to try to push into and", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00469-00223742-00224477": "affect and improve another class of fascinating measurements.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00470-00224477-00224913": "Great, so now let's go back to the main thread of thinking now about no electron", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00471-00224913-00225413": "microscopy for a little while but let's talk about three-dimensional imaging", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00472-00225413-00225840": "because of course the world is three-dimensional. For example if I'm", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00473-00225840-00226298": "thinking of the motion of a protein on the surface of this bacterial cell, if I", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00474-00226298-00226709": "only measure the two-dimensional projection of its motion I'll get a very", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00475-00226709-00227196": "distorted view of the motion and any motion that's in the axial or Z", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00476-00227196-00227774": "direction is basically lost if you only do a two-dimensional image. So why is", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00477-00227774-00228267": "this a problem and how do you fix it? Well, what you have to do is think about", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00478-00228267-00228578": "the microscope think about the light going through the microscope. There's", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00479-00228578-00228869": "there's a number of different solutions of this but I'm going to talk about our", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00480-00228869-00229397": "way of doing it. For a conventional microscope here where the object is", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00481-00229397-00229869": "moving in the Z direction you see that in one position it's in focus and you", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00482-00229869-00230421": "see a nice tight spot but then you don't see anything after that it goes away", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00483-00230421-00230906": "very quickly and in fact at the focal plane where it's brightest it changes", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00484-00230906-00231335": "slowly so that that means its Fisher information is very poor, its derivatives", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00485-00231335-00231867": "are zero when you're right in focus. So this is not so good for determining the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00486-00231867-00232372": "Z position. So we've been switching to a different kind of microscope where we", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00487-00232372-00232976": "alter the optical behavior of the microscope by placing a phase mask in", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00488-00232976-00233367": "the Fourier plane of the microscope or the back focal plane in between the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00489-00233367-00233769": "objective and the tube lens this particular phase pattern which looks", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00490-00233769-00234335": "kind of crazy came from very nice work by Rafael Piestun at the University of", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00491-00234335-00234950": "Colorado. It is really only a map of phase delays okay.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00492-00234950-00235392": "And so these different colors mean different numbers of radians of phase", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00493-00235392-00235781": "delay at different positions in the fact back focal plane. This particular", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00494-00235781-00236333": "phase pattern converts the light from a single limiter into two spots two spots", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00495-00236333-00236937": "on the camera and more importantly as you move the object in Z", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00496-00236937-00237371": "if you have different emitters at different Z positions then you see that", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00497-00237371-00237801": "these two spots revolve around one another. So that now I can encode Z and", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00498-00237801-00238164": "the angle of the line between those two spots. So that's what this is all about -", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00499-00238164-00238734": "it's a way to get Z by encoding the information in the image of the single", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00500-00238734-00239346": "emitter and this is important to know that this works over two microns over a", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00501-00239346-00239769": "long range in the Z direction. The previous performance of an empty", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00502-00239769-00240207": "microscope only works for 500 nanometers or 600 nanometers right near the focus.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00503-00240207-00240623": "This works over a longer range so maybe we can use that. We'll think about that", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00504-00240623-00241065": "later. And then I also want to emphasize that we don't do any scanning when we", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00505-00241065-00241437": "use this performance, this response - we don't do any scanning - you don't scan", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00506-00241437-00241944": "anything,  just one image will show you all the molecules within a slice", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00507-00241944-00242367": "that's 2 microns thick. And it tells you what there's these are by just these", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00508-00242367-00242787": "lines between the 2  spots you get XY and Z for this whole thick little", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00509-00242787-00243432": "pancake. Okay so that's the basic idea and this works great for doing super", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00510-00243432-00243960": "resolution microscopy. Here's a two color case 3D using the so-called double helix", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00511-00243960-00244284": "point-spread function - we call it the double helix because when you think", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00512-00244284-00244742": "about it in terms of the mathematics it's kind of like a double helix along", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00513-00244742-00245151": "the Z axis and the images are slices through this double helix. That's what", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00514-00245151-00245661": "all these images are, these pairs of spots. So this is of course another", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00515-00245661-00246156": "wonderful example of the cleverness of my students here's here's Matt Lew and", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00516-00246156-00246816": "Steve Lee where they've got a new acronym called SPRAI-PAINT now which is", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00517-00246816-00247223": "just of course for fun the first part of it is super resolution by power", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00518-00247223-00247908": "dependent active intermittency. So what's that blinking so fancy fancy term for", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00519-00247908-00248467": "blinking right - because you need blinking molecules to do all this. And so anyway", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00520-00248467-00249213": "so to make one more important point about these point-spread functions - they", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00521-00249213-00249687": "are useful on the one hand for a super resolution that means measuring an", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00522-00249687-00249996": "extended structure where you use some blinking to get all the different", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00523-00249996-00250513": "molecules, or you also can use them for motion.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00524-00250513-00250978": "You can also use them at the single-molecule regime by just use having a low", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00525-00250978-00251421": "concentration and following just one. You see this molecule is an RNA particle", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00526-00251421-00251827": "inside the protein inside the cell that's moving around over a time of", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00527-00251827-00252396": "nearly 35 seconds 36 seconds, and you see that the angles tells us X, Y & X for that", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00528-00252396-00253138": "whole time period. Okay so very useful for that too. Well now what do you do", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00529-00253138-00253684": "when you want to go graduate from thin small little bacterial cells to", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00530-00253684-00254223": "mammalian cells that are much thicker?And so on then you want to do something", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00531-00254223-00254694": "important to remove backgrounds because if you just illuminate a thick cell in a", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00532-00254694-00255076": "wide field you'll have haze from all kinds of molecules that are out of -", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00533-00255076-00255690": "not in the focal plane, okay that are out of focus so to speak. So this is", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00534-00255690-00256060": "solved in many different ways but we want to solve it for the wide field", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00535-00256060-00256498": "problem. So we've been of course using something that's well-known called", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00536-00256498-00257032": "light sheet microscopy - the idea is just to illuminate with a thin sheet of light.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00537-00257032-00257362": "Imagine a pancake of light coming in from the side of this image to", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00538-00257362-00258004": "illuminate that sample and so that is going to only illuminate one plane and", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00539-00258004-00258430": "so there's no background from above below the plane. So this I list all these", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00540-00258430-00258898": "pioneers and so on but I want to point out a difficulty with many light sheet", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00541-00258898-00259354": "designs - think of that cell and here's our light sheet that's coming in from", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00542-00259354-00259873": "the side - so think of a plane that's that's slicing through that cell you", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00543-00259873-00260227": "have a problem if you want to get down close to the coverslip", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00544-00260227-00260614": "when you want to look at the bottom of the cell because that will badly distort", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00545-00260614-00260977": "the light sheet due to this corner of the of the chamber that's holding the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00546-00260977-00261621": "cells. So we are solving this problem just by a trivial solution, a simple", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00547-00261621-00262105": "solution - just tilt the light sheet just tilt it maybe by only 10 degrees and you", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00548-00262105-00262597": "might say \"well how's that going to solve the problem?\" Well this may be - you might", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00549-00262597-00262939": "think this produces difficulties because there's molecules that are out of out of", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00550-00262939-00263401": "out of focus and so on above and below the focal plane, but because our our", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00551-00263401-00263783": "point spread functions work over that long Z range that is not a", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00552-00263783-00264405": "difficulty at all. So that tilted light sheet lets us in a", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00553-00264405-00264990": "very simple way implement light sheet performance and if we combine it with", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00554-00264990-00265398": "our special point-spread function. So this just shows how simple the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00555-00265398-00265689": "microscope is - there's just one cylindrical lens and it's making the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00556-00265689-00266009": "light sheet that's going through the sample because we've tilted it that now", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00557-00266009-00266424": "the beam is going through the flat part of the side of the sample cell so it is", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00558-00266424-00266889": "not distorted and then in the collection path we make what's called a 4f optical", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00559-00266889-00267330": "processing system well known in optical processing to produce a Fourier plane", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00560-00267330-00267699": "which is where the phase masks are placed. And we can either use the double", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00561-00267699-00268020": "helix phase mask or another one I haven't mentioned yet called a tetrapod", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00562-00268020-00268500": "which is a new design that works over a longer range even six microns, ten", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00563-00268500-00269100": "microns, even 20 microns. So it is - we're using that for a special reason I'll", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00564-00269100-00269565": "talk about in a moment. So anyway this so-called TILT 3D microscope is a simple", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00565-00269565-00270440": "way to get the 3D information from a cell - sorry and here's an example of", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00566-00270440-00271020": "mitochondria that are measured in the cell by blinking by by so-called storm", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00567-00271020-00271479": "it's molecules that turn on and off. But let me just make sure I emphasize how", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00568-00271479-00272046": "this really works - this really works is to think of it this experiment in the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00569-00272046-00272531": "following way. Suppose we place the light sheet here at this lower position -", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00570-00272531-00272844": "remember there's molecules that are going to be pumped that are above and", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00571-00272844-00273222": "below the focal plane but that's no problem in the detection path because", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00572-00273222-00273584": "our double helix response will tell us what their Z is by the angle between the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00573-00273584-00274176": "spots. So we we get Z from the PSF the point-spread function not from the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00574-00274176-00274719": "precise position of the light sheet - once you finished with those cells you can go", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00575-00274719-00275156": "to the next position of a light sheet but and now you're going to see that you", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00576-00275156-00275435": "get sort of the same images from molecules - same thing for another", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00577-00275435-00275739": "position of the light sheet. So how do you patch all these different positions", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00578-00275739-00276147": "together? You do that with this other point-spread function, the one that works", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00579-00276147-00276522": "over a longer range the so-called tetrapod, because we can use it to image", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00580-00276522-00276957": "a bright bead that's stuck at the coverslip.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00581-00276957-00277386": "Now what the focal plane position is we can tell how far we are above them above", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00582-00277386-00277758": "that focal plane just by looking at the images of the tetrapod. So it's a", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00583-00277758-00278130": "long-range PSF that gives the connection between the different double helix", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00584-00278130-00278709": "slices in this microscope. Okay so it beautifully uses these interesting", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00585-00278709-00279288": "behaviors of these point-spread functions. So Anna Kara Gustafson who is", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00586-00279288-00279684": "the the postdoc has been working on this and she'll soon be an assistant", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00587-00279684-00280551": "professor at Rice - applied it to the nuclear lamina which is a fabric of", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00588-00280551-00281160": "proteins that are close to the inside of the nuclear membrane - and so by imaging", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00589-00281160-00281886": "Lamin B1 and doing blinking single molecule storm microscopy but with all", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00590-00281886-00282384": "of this 3D tilted light sheet she was able to obtain these images. Let me just", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00591-00282384-00282792": "emphasize that the double helix is used for each plane and then the tetrapod is", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00592-00282792-00283239": "used for the long-range. This is something that you can get from double", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00593-00283239-00283617": "helix optics. My disclaimer is that I'm on the Advisory Board of Double Helix Optics.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00594-00283617-00284196": "But these data in three dimensions are really quite beautiful of", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00595-00284196-00284748": "the nuclear lamina - you can see a intranuclear channel inside this cell", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00596-00284748-00285216": "inside the nucleus running across the nucleus. Those were known before but now", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00597-00285216-00285846": "we're observing it with super resolution microscopy and 3D over a long range.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00598-00285846-00286350": "So again I want to say that this is our particular approach to 3D, other people", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00599-00286350-00286935": "use other techniques and different kinds of imaging but this", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00600-00286935-00287244": "is just to show what can be done with these point-spread functions.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00601-00287244-00287610": "So that's mitochondria, here's a nuclear lamina and now this is applying this to the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00602-00287610-00288042": "glycocalyx again. I mentioned it briefly but here I'm now showing that this these", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00603-00288042-00288732": "tubules in 3D above the surface of a cell using this TILT3D microscope.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00604-00288732-00289424": "So I now want to switch gears one more time - we've been talking a lot about", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00605-00289424-00289851": "imaging and microscopy and applications and so on, but I haven't really gone", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00606-00289851-00290211": "deeply into every application and I apologize for that but it always takes a", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00607-00290211-00290502": "long time to explain the biology, you know the setup for any", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00608-00290502-00290946": "one given problem. Let's talk about something else - it's very new that just", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00609-00290946-00291540": "came out very recently a neural net that we've used to solve another kind of", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00610-00291540-00292035": "problem for our kinds of imaging. So this is the work of Leonhardt Merkle,", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00611-00292035-00292782": "a postdoc in my lab, and the idea is to think hard about this estimation problem", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00612-00292782-00293331": "of where the molecule is. So here's that image of a single molecule I sort of", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00613-00293331-00293976": "showed before as a 2D camera-like representation. And in one dimension you", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00614-00293976-00294372": "can see that here's where the molecule is - you can see these are the pixels", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00615-00294372-00294756": "where the molecule is located, but all of this around on both sides is what we", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00616-00294756-00295233": "call the background. This is not something coming from the detector alone -", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00617-00295233-00295719": "this is light that's coming from the sample that that is typical in all of", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00618-00295719-00296238": "our measurements we typically work to have enough sensitivity to be background", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00619-00296238-00296553": "limited. If you want to reduce the background you make the best possible samples you", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00620-00296553-00297054": "can but there's going to always be some source for example autofluorescence or", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00621-00297054-00297408": "other sorts of sources of fluorescence that might give you a background and you", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00622-00297408-00297696": "want to estimate the position of the molecule in the presence of that", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00623-00297696-00298197": "background. So that means that the point-spread function itself are in our", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00624-00298197-00298608": "experiments is contaminated partly by background even though you have a known", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00625-00298608-00299013": "model for the underlying shape of the point-spread function - this fitting has", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00626-00299013-00299517": "to be done carefully so that you're not confused by the background.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00627-00299517-00299925": "And the background itself can distort the positions of the molecule since you want", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00628-00299925-00300294": "to get them precisely as much as possible. So how do we correctly account", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00629-00300294-00300780": "for background set fluorescence?So let's think of this in a number of several", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00630-00300780-00301323": "different ways - first of all the PSF shapes are the molecule's emission alone", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00631-00301323-00301704": "and the background shapes are coming from whatever okay? But those two", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00632-00301704-00302184": "combined could cause a problem. So this new neural net called BGnet looks at", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00633-00302184-00302616": "this problem from the point of view of creating these two as, let's say good", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00634-00302616-00303012": "data on the left - the point-spread functions - and bad data on the right - the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00635-00303012-00303507": "background signal background shapes. So since we know what's going on on the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00636-00303507-00303700": "left, we know the point-spread function, we", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00637-00303700-00304048": "know theoretically from vectorial diffraction theory what it should be", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00638-00304048-00304606": "including phase retrieval to quantify it. We can calculate what the shapes should", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00639-00304606-00305050": "be for molecules at different positions for different degrees of distances from", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00640-00305050-00305503": "focus our distances from a cover slip. So that's all known, that can be provided", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00641-00305503-00305902": "to the net and then for the background we're going to challenge than that with", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00642-00305902-00306343": "a bunch of simulated backgrounds coming from something called Perlin noise and", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00643-00306343-00306745": "so the net is trained to get to figure out what is the difference", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00644-00306745-00307200": "between these two and give us the background back from a single image.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00645-00307200-00307606": "So in this in this way of doing it the background estimation is not an isolated", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00646-00307606-00308053": "problem. So to make this all work just to make sure just to make sure you", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00647-00308053-00308530": "understand the workflow we're going to train on unknown PSFs with some", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00648-00308530-00308938": "simulated background and ask the net to say what is the background, okay? In that", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00649-00308938-00309292": "case you give me the background alone then you can take that background and", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00650-00309292-00309709": "subtract it from the measurement to give you just the PSF alone for fitting", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00651-00309709-00310209": "purposes. So this is done with a U-net,  I'm not gonna go through all the details,", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00652-00310209-00310555": "it's this is one of the networks that's been used for a number of different", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00653-00310555-00311122": "image processing applications. It's a deep neural network that's trained on", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00654-00311122-00311653": "many many examples of point-spread functions with a lot of backgrounds. Let", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00655-00311653-00312186": "me emphasize that this Perlin noise  is pretty cool because you can simply", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00656-00312186-00312763": "use the Perlin noise rule to compute random backgrounds. But notice that they", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00657-00312763-00313083": "cover many many different spatial frequencies - that's the really important", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00658-00313083-00313528": "point here. We've solved the problem for not just low spatial frequency in the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00659-00313528-00313795": "regions of interest but also high spatial frequency in the region of", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00660-00313795-00314221": "interest. So other methods of removing background only work in a limited regime,", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00661-00314221-00314784": "let's say only low only low spatial frequency, for example. But these fancy", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00662-00314784-00315220": "PSFs have much more detail at high free high spatial frequencies - that's why we", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00663-00315220-00315615": "have to be able to remove the background at those high spatial frequencies.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00664-00315615-00316132": "So let's talk about the performance of this net for an open aperture or the standard", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00665-00316132-00316606": "PSF - so this is what a molecule is supposed to look like but in fact in a", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00666-00316606-00317171": "real measurement you see it with back you detect it with background this of", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00667-00317171-00317543": "course this is a simulation just to show you how well it works this is the true", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00668-00317543-00318133": "background that was added to the PSF, okay, to make that image and the net", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00669-00318133-00318572": "extracts this as the predicted background. So you can see how close the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00670-00318572-00318998": "predicted background to the background that was added to the image. So just to", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00671-00318998-00319376": "emphasize then that gets only this and it gives you this back and you see it's", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00672-00319376-00319778": "very close to the true background, the residual's very small. And so if I use,", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00673-00319778-00320264": "if I subtract the image from that the true background or the predicted", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00674-00320264-00320765": "background I see basically only the PSF. It also works for these more complex", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00675-00320765-00321014": "point-spread functions, double helix and tetrapods.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00676-00321014-00321449": "So in the case of double helix just look here - here's the background for this", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00677-00321449-00321902": "particular test, here's what the net produced back and here's the image minus", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00678-00321902-00322255": "that predicted background, and for the case of the tetrapod the same thing -", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00679-00322255-00322802": "here's the corrupted PSF plus background but here's the background that was added", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00680-00322802-00323186": "to it, here's what the net gave us back. So you can see that this variant does a", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00681-00323186-00323651": "nice job of removing structured background. To demonstrate it one more", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00682-00323651-00324395": "time to show you how this works in a real sample - this is an imaging problem", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00683-00324395-00324881": "where we're looking at cells but now I'm showing you an example of one frame from", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00684-00324881-00325346": "from the movie of single molecules - you see that there's very bad structured", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00685-00325346-00325913": "background in this image - individual molecule PSFs are corrupted by that", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00686-00325913-00326686": "background in different crazy ways. So if we use the the net then we can analyze", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00687-00326686-00327236": "images of microtubules that come from the super resolution measurements and", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00688-00327236-00327692": "this one is taking the data of the single molecules and just using the most", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00689-00327692-00328121": "common method of removing background the constant background - just assume it's", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00690-00328121-00328550": "constant and I'll subtract a constant  -so I fit with the PSF plus a constant and", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00691-00328550-00329060": "that's that's what you get from that method the old method here is using the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00692-00329060-00329468": "BGnet to subtract the predicted background. You can't see anything unless", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00693-00329468-00329810": "you look up of course much more closely, and in these different regions of", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00694-00329810-00330263": "interest you see that the BGnet does a far better job of", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00695-00330263-00330778": "showing you what the microtubule images look like compared to using a constant", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00696-00330778-00331297": "background as the model for the fitting. And the same thing is true for all these", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00697-00331297-00331801": "other other regions of interest. So we think it's an important step forward to", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00698-00331801-00332203": "be able to estimate structured background important for this particular", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00699-00332203-00332731": "experiment but possibly useful for many other areas of science. So I've given you", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00700-00332731-00332998": "sort of a whirlwind of many different things -", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00701-00332998-00333539": "history 30-plus years, lots of different kinds of measurements both at low", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00702-00333539-00334091": "temperatures and in cells, the biology all combined together and now connecting", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00703-00334091-00334520": "that back to some sort of if you like engineering kind of just considerations", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00704-00334520-00335050": "of images and even neural nets for processing. So I want to thank my past", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00705-00335050-00335530": "students and postdocs and collaborators. Here's the current team and some of the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00706-00335530-00336054": "people - you might see that we call ourselves the the Guacamole Team,", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00707-00336054-00336491": "Guacamole, what's a Guacamole? Well you know it's one over avocado's number", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00708-00336491-00336910": "of moles. That's what we call a single molecule.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00709-00336910-00337549": "Thank you for the polite laughter. And I I want to thank our funding agencies", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00710-00337549-00338035": "which have supported this work, and we have a little no unsolvable", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00711-00338035-00338530": "averaging logo here that we sometimes use. And once again it's a great pleasure", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00712-00338530-00339856": "to be here, thank you very, very much for your attention.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00713-00341911-00342468": "[Audience] So you mentioned in the beginning that you measures a lifetime of a single molecule", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00714-00342468-00342986": "and can you elaborate a little bit more on that, this may be a very interesting?", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00715-00342986-00343632": "[Moerner] Sure, when we have a single molecule we can pump it with a pulse", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00716-00343632-00344259": "laser and so if you then measure the time delay between the pump and the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00717-00344259-00344664": "detected photon then you can produce a histogram of those time delays which", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00718-00344664-00345177": "gives you the excited state lifetime. So that is done in other measurements, not", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00719-00345177-00345561": "so much in these is that I've shown, but we do it regularly for single molecules", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00720-00345561-00346005": "in solution that we've trapped by our able trap, our anti-Browning electro-kinetic", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00721-00346005-00346428": "trap,  a completely different sort of device that I didn't describe. But we", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00722-00346428-00346806": "have a machine that lets us suppress Brownian motion for single molecules in", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00723-00346806-00347535": "solution even down to one fluorophore, and so that those objects that we're in", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00724-00347535-00347919": "terms of science we're almost always looking at photosynthetic proteins which", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00725-00347919-00348333": "are pigment protein complexes that have a large number of fluorophores coupled", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00726-00348333-00348708": "by energy transfer. And so the lifetime is a very nice reporter of what's going", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00727-00348708-00349497": "on in an in a complex emitter. Okay is that what you were after?", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00728-00349497-00350226": "[Audience] Yes, so is that possible to attract or the lifetime of a single fluor for, multiple floor for formal complex, you can still do it with one fluor?", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00729-00350226-00351000": "[Moerner] Yes you can still do it with one fluor, oh yes sure yes..", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00730-00351000-00351459": "The thing is, you just keep getting the same answer for the most part but even the single", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00731-00351459-00351942": "fluor for when we trapped a single fluor for it showed changes in brightness and", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00732-00351942-00352530": "some changes in lifetime. So this was the work of Tran Wang, one of my", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00733-00352530-00353289": "wonderful postdocs who did a little work on on that particular regime.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00734-00353289-00354045": "[Audience] I had a question about for for life cells - how how accurate are the measurements have", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00735-00354045-00354639": "one one to go into the organelles like for example fabu lysosomes and lysosomes", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00736-00354639-00355146": "and look at what kind of reactions are happening is that doable today?", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00737-00355146-00355914": "[Moerner] Yes, and in in in every case when you think about you know how accurate is", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00738-00355914-00356283": "it going to be - you're always going to be answering that question based on", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00739-00356283-00356820": "trade-offs. And one of the things that I didn't didn't show you but I'll show you", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00740-00356820-00357321": "very briefly now here without going through all the biology this is - whoops", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00741-00357321-00358041": "what happened here, where did it go, I had it for a moment if I yeah I should be", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00742-00358041-00358860": "able to see this. If I'm able to turn it on - these are live cells and they're the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00743-00358860-00359208": "bacterial cells again and there's a specific protein that's been labeled -", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00744-00359208-00359646": "it's part of a regulatory pathway. So all the details I'll leave out. But this is a", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00745-00359646-00360159": "situation where we're observing the motions of individual copies inside the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00746-00360159-00360726": "cell - this is done at about a 20- millisecond time interval so you can see", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00747-00360726-00361236": "by the coloring of these trajectories that the motion okay as a function of", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00748-00361236-00361755": "time. And when these these are these are placed at it's equal time points so when", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00749-00361755-00362355": "you have here out on this particular molecule is a transmembrane protein so", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00750-00362355-00362715": "you see it in the membrane and you have to show three different projections", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00751-00362715-00363294": "since it's in three dimensions but this motion is slower out in away from the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00752-00363294-00363825": "pole but faster close to the pole. Sorry, I'm backwards, this one's faster away from", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00753-00363825-00364311": "the pole and much slower in in the pole. So it slows down in this fascinating", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00754-00364311-00364848": "polar region. That's one example of one of these key proteins. Here's another one", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00755-00364848-00365271": "that's cytoplasmic fast in the cytoplasm, very slow when it's moving inside the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00756-00365271-00365764": "pole. So this paper just appeared in Nature MicroEcology,", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00757-00365764-00366400": "but it's a study of the both the motions as well as the positions and so", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00758-00366400-00366913": "now and the the most important answer is if I'm looking at dynamics I tend to", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00759-00366913-00367396": "like to go to the single-molecule regime. Now there are some people especially the", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00760-00367396-00367948": "Bewersdorf lab and work that was done by Fang and so on to image very very", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00761-00367948-00368272": "quickly to try to do the full thing of blinking and recording and blinking and", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00762-00368272-00368638": "recording many many images as fast as possible. And that's a beautiful Tour de Force", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00763-00368638-00369025": "kind of a measurement that allowed you to get even to video frame rates", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00764-00369025-00369555": "with a detailed structure. But here I'm I'm really trying to look at individuals", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00765-00369555-00369922": "and see how they behave relative to some other structure. So that's that's a", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00766-00369922-00370267": "regime where you will trade off. If you want to get much much more precision", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00767-00370267-00370651": "then you have to wait a little bit or force the photons to come out faster,", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00768-00370651-00371299": "okay turn the laser intensity up and and use that finite set of total photons", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00769-00371299-00371660": "that you get in a slightly different way.", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00770-00371667-00372166": "So anyway sorry for the long answer but milliseconds are easy, okay well are", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00771-00372168-00372561": "generally done and there are a number of processes where milliseconds can tell", "2VIdtG_DpvU-00772-00372562-00373072": "you that there's interesting changes in motion already occurring"}}, {"audio_id": "2VI-25Ln8Ng", "text": {"2VI-25Ln8Ng-00000-00002023-00002416": "Hi everyone thanks for joining another Psych2go live stream!", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00001-00002416-00002870": "I hope everyone is doing very well and how's everyone's doing so far?", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00002-00002870-00003088": "I see that we have", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00003-00003271-00003476": "one second here", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00004-00007840-00008304": "Hey everyone thanks for joining back again i was just checking on some of the", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00005-00008304-00008888": "technical difficulties. How's everyone's doing i see that we have over", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00006-00008947-00009384": "442 or 488 people watching right now. welcome", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00007-00009384-00009620": "Thank you so much for joining!", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00008-00009761-00009961": "I hope everyone's doing well!", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00009-00009961-00010435": "Just a quick reminder that youtube live stream don't have a capability to", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00010-00010435-00010679": "generate closed caption during live however", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00011-00010679-00011136": "subtitles will be  available once the live stream ends and", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00012-00011136-00011704": "video is made accessible on youtube. Once again, on behalf of Psych2go's", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00013-00011704-00012088": "team. We are truly truly grateful from our bottom", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00014-00012088-00012568": "of our hearts for everyone's believing in us.", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00015-00012704-00012866": "Give me one second here", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00016-00014016-00014408": "I apologize. I think there's something going on with my bluetooth suddenly", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00017-00014408-00014952": "acting up. Okay it looks okay now.", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00018-00014952-00015263": "what i was saying is that once again", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00019-00015263-00015600": "from the bottom of Psych2go's team we are truly", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00020-00015600-00015944": "grateful from the bottom of hearts for everyone who believes in us", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00021-00015944-00016368": "and follow us for so long. We, all of us, actually made it happen", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00022-00016368-00016680": "and hitting the milestone of six million subs.", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00023-00016680-00017040": "Some of you may know that Psych2Go originally from", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00024-00017040-00017544": "Tumblr posting mental awareness eventually transition into video content", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00025-00017544-00018008": "on youtube back in 2014. It's such an incredible how much has", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00026-00018008-00018559": "changed over these years and how much we together have impacted the community", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00027-00018559-00018895": "and globally and how we are saving people's lives", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00028-00018895-00019351": "and again we're just a small team and we just have a huge dream to help.", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00029-00019351-00019800": "Seeing people reaching out to us all the time saying our content has changed", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00030-00019800-00020304": "their lives and really and they finally take the approach to seek help", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00031-00020304-00020695": "from the professional. Right there that really warms our heart", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00032-00020695-00021048": "and we know that we're on the right path doing the right thing", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00033-00021048-00021392": "and really motivates us to continue to create", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00034-00021392-00021920": "more content for all of you and again our ultimate goal is to really inform", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00035-00021920-00022456": "and open a dialogue on mental health. We may or may not be able to provide", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00036-00022456-00022887": "solution to everyone's concern but it's the information that is", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00037-00022887-00023320": "enough which allows you to be empowered to seek help from a", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00038-00023320-00023704": "professional. As you all know that there is no one", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00039-00023704-00024034": "solution fits all and everyone is different.", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00040-00024034-00024530": "Once again thank you so much for joining! My name is Cindy and I am the host for", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00041-00024551-00025040": "today's live stream. I am one of Psych2Go members. I believe", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00042-00025040-00025456": "it is our first time meeting here. So, there is a chance I may", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00043-00025456-00025839": "have interacted with you in the comment section their first hour", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00044-00025839-00026304": "when the video goes live for", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00045-00026304-00026808": "those who don't know what i do at Psych2Go. My main responsibility is to", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00046-00026808-00027183": "overlook the entire project such as voice over", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00047-00027183-00027680": "and animation projects from start to end ensuring that we actually have videos to", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00048-00027680-00027968": "release every single day for you. I also", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00049-00027968-00028488": "overlooked our channel's membership benefits that you get from joining our", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00050-00028488-00028704": "channel and also your extra support", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00051-00028704-00029200": "allow us to freely create more content and giving back to the community.", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00052-00029200-00029591": "Such as this special live stream that you're watching right now.", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00053-00029591-00030032": "Where we invite a professional to answer some of your questions and discuss about", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00054-00030032-00030312": "mental health. That being said we actually have", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00055-00030312-00030983": "collected about (2000) questions in our community page today for the live", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00056-00030983-00031272": "stream and unfortunately we only have you know one", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00057-00031272-00031719": "hour to cover some of the questions we may or may not be able to go through all", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00058-00031719-00032191": "of them if this is something that all of you enjoy and you want to see", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00059-00032191-00032552": "more and more on a monthly live stream and want", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00060-00032552-00033000": "us to do a part two as a therapist. Let us know at the end of the live stream!", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00061-00033072-00033343": "Quick disclaimer:", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00062-00033424-00034279": "the following shared content is for educational purposes and does not represent any of the organizations we work for.", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00063-00034504-00035321": "Acknowledge that some portions of this live stream MAY bring up intense physical and emotional responses,", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00064-00035321-00035872": "and that it’s okay to take a break and do whatever is necessary to care for ourselves.", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00065-00035903-00036256": "Alright! That being said, let's", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00066-00036256-00037063": "welcome our special guest Bonnie Chi. Here, we have Bonnie. Hello!", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00067-00037063-00037560": "*technical difficult* can you hear me okay. I apologize give me one second here.", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00068-00037560-00037936": "I think like my bluetooth isn't working. Apologize.", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00069-00037936-00038736": "It was working earlier um let me see testing testing one two three", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00070-00038736-00039112": "you know sometime it was working and now okay", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00071-00039112-00039424": "okay yes okay i think i can hear you now", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00072-00039424-00039808": "Again thank you so much welcome bonnie thank you for so much for coming back", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00073-00039808-00040191": "coming on and making this happen i know you're you're you're such a busy", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00074-00040191-00040488": "person with your work and we're", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00075-00040488-00040768": "trying to schedule a live stream for a while and so", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00076-00040768-00041168": "that being said like why don't you you know introduce yourself to the audience", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00077-00041168-00041847": "yeah thank you cindy uh good morning good afternoon good evening", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00078-00041847-00042216": "wherever you are joining us my name is Y. Bonnie Chi.", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00079-00042216-00042640": "Pronouns they them and she her. I have the privilege of zooming in today", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00080-00042640-00043056": "from the unseated traditional ancestral territory of the", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00081-00043056-00043463": "muskram squamish and slewtooth peoples of turtle", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00082-00043463-00043719": "island otherwise known as the vancouver lower", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00083-00043719-00044328": "mainland in british columbia canada it is a beautiful day out really hot", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00084-00044328-00044688": "really warm i'm primarily staying indoors today to", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00085-00044688-00044968": "stay cool and i'm hoping that once the temperature", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00086-00044968-00045296": "drops something a little bit more reasonable i can go out and go for a", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00087-00045296-00045663": "walk i want to acknowledge that i am a", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00088-00045663-00046056": "first-generation immigrant and settler and that i have", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00089-00046056-00046519": "the privilege to work and learn and play here and so", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00090-00046519-00046872": "before we kind of dive into answering questions", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00091-00046872-00047256": "that have been submitted i want to just take a brief moment to invite everyone", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00092-00047256-00047631": "to take note of wherever you're joining in", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00093-00047631-00048272": "from today and take a breath inhale", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00094-00048336-00049384": "and exhale and just simply be here", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00095-00049680-00050303": "and so passing it back to cindy awesome that was a great uh quick um", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00096-00050303-00050640": "you know practice in the beginning to get started", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00097-00050640-00051128": "Thank you so much again. I have some questions that we kind of narrow", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00098-00051128-00051544": "down on different themes. So, first let's just get to know", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00099-00051544-00051895": "about your role as a therapist also as known as a", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00100-00051895-00052336": "clinical counselor. Someone in our community", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00101-00052336-00052695": "asked how does a typical therapy session go?", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00102-00052695-00053000": "and how long or often is the therapy? Yeah and so from what i understand", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00103-00053000-00053298": "Yeah and so from what I understand", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00104-00053298-00053648": "culturally speaking depending on where you're located in the world", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00105-00053648-00054112": "um some sessions differ in length so I'm well how i'm going to be answering is", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00106-00054112-00054439": "uh specifically pertaining to my knowledge uh here in", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00107-00054439-00054848": "Vancouver, North America. Specifically, right typical sessions", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00108-00054848-00055191": "that I engage with with my clients are about 50 minutes long", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00109-00055191-00055567": "sometimes clients can request for 75 minute sessions or", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00110-00055567-00055895": "for those who do couples or family therapy", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00111-00055895-00056440": "those sessions can go on to 75 or 90 minutes long", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00112-00056440-00056951": "Thank you for your answer. Another question that someone asked is", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00113-00056951-00057360": "when you start therapy for the first time how many sessions", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00114-00057360-00057887": "does it normally take for a person to be comfortable with the therapist they are talking to.", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00115-00058087-00058567": "Yeah, good question that again um will vary", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00116-00058567-00059079": "depending on who the therapist is and where the person is at in terms of", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00117-00059079-00059560": "their their journey and whether they feel ready to start therapy", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00118-00059560-00060167": "i've had clients come in and sit there and we spend", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00119-00060167-00060632": "we spent the longest i sat in silence was 15 minutes", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00120-00060632-00061095": "and i've had clients come in and they just immediately burst into tears", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00121-00061095-00061448": "and and so like that that doesn't like", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00122-00061448-00061783": "that isn't representative of how comfortable", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00123-00061783-00062136": "one is i think that will always be dependent on the client", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00124-00062136-00062672": "I for myself i check in with them let them know like if things change if", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00125-00062672-00062976": "there are things that they want to share with me don't want to", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00126-00062976-00063464": "share with me there's no rush the idea is that ideally", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00127-00063464-00063848": "it goes at a pace that feels safe and comfortable for the client", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00128-00063848-00064320": "however some people perhaps are limited to the amount of therapy", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00129-00064320-00064816": "sessions they're able to receive through their work benefits or through the", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00130-00064816-00065200": "community that they've connected with sometimes", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00131-00065200-00065439": "it's one sometimes it's three sometimes it's", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00132-00065439-00065944": "eight sessions depending on the scenario the therapist can also request for more", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00133-00065944-00066639": "um yeah it just it varies and everyone's different right so it's like", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00134-00066639-00067032": "it varies and everyone's different so it really comes down to", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00135-00067032-00067448": "the situation that you brought in that you connect with the therapist", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00136-00067448-00067951": "yes, okay, the next questions that someone our community asks", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00137-00067951-00068336": "I guess maybe lets talk about your role like how do you become a Therapist", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00138-00068336-00068664": "like you know and they also have a concern", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00139-00068664-00069000": "or a question that they they mention like due to technical", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00140-00069000-00069272": "investment will there be no need for therapy", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00141-00069272-00069583": "therapists in 10 to 20 years that's quite interesting", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00142-00069583-00070072": "I see your thoughts yeah so um two separate questions there i'm gonna", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00143-00070072-00070439": "answer the first one how one works to becoming a therapist", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00144-00070439-00070792": "depending on where you're located in the world there's going to be different", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00145-00070792-00071448": "regulatory bodies right in north america in the uk", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00146-00071448-00071951": "there's training there's certification there's requirements that are necessary", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00147-00071951-00072512": "and I imagine in other countries as well right and so uh figuring out you know", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00148-00072512-00072816": "what the requirements are for your area is the first step", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00149-00072816-00073176": "or for wherever you want to eventually practice right", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00150-00073176-00073839": "speaking to Canada in British Columbia. Counselors Therapists", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00151-00073839-00074392": "we do a bachelors and it can be in Psychology Sociology,", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00152-00074392-00074848": "Criminology. I knew somebody who did a bachelors in", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00153-00074848-00075400": "Communications and but then what's important is meeting the prerequisites", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00154-00075400-00075727": "that are necessary in order to then get into the Masters level and so some of", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00155-00075727-00076088": "those prerequisites could be counseling related courses or", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00156-00076088-00076592": "psychology-related courses and after that we go into the master's", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00157-00076592-00076960": "level and there is an intensive", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00158-00076960-00077288": "training process where we learn more about you know", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00159-00077288-00077927": "the human body the human brain what may contribute to the way that", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00160-00077927-00078483": "people respond and react there's a lot of different approaches", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00161-00078483-00079072": "and in B.C (British Columbia, Canada) after you get your Master. You're then", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00162-00079072-00079488": "able to register with the bcacc to become a", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00163-00079488-00079951": "registered clinical counselor or you can register with ccpa", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00164-00079951-00080376": "um and become a Canadian certified counselor", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00165-00080376-00080992": "and so um that's that's primarily in in uh canada um and", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00166-00080992-00081424": "and then in America from what i understand there are also similar steps", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00167-00081424-00081680": "like uh supervised hours that need to be met", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00168-00081680-00082063": "um intensive training in a Masters program", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00169-00082063-00082944": "and in terms of things like uh diagnoses or writing prescriptions", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00170-00082944-00083336": "you know that will also vary depending from", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00171-00083336-00083727": "country to country interesting it sounds like", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00172-00083727-00084048": "there's a lot of process to become a therapist", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00173-00084048-00084400": "and lots of the education um background as well", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00174-00084400-00084768": "um okay that's that's that's great that i think um that", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00175-00084768-00085088": "really covers that question of how to become a therapist", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00176-00085088-00085448": "um the second question more like interested uh interesting question that", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00177-00085448-00085839": "they were just curious about like as you know like technology events like", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00178-00085839-00086183": "quite fast and they're wondering like well do you actually be no need for a", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00179-00086183-00086727": "fair bit in 10 to 20 years let's see from your point of view yeah i", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00180-00086727-00087327": "uh personally think that therapists are always going to be around", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00181-00087327-00087863": "to try and sound hip um this is the", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00182-00087863-00088327": "hill i will die on like", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00183-00088327-00088688": "there's been a lot of talk like I won't", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00184-00088688-00089104": "I won't deny that the advancements of technology and having", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00185-00089104-00089568": "apps and um ways in which to support individuals outside of therapy has not", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00186-00089568-00090216": "been helpful right um at the same time as humans we are relational beings right", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00187-00090216-00090560": "healing occurs when we're able to be in relation with another", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00188-00090560-00091336": "when there's attunement and uh being able to connect with somebody and", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00189-00091336-00091712": "have that healing process like neurologically that attunement", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00190-00091712-00092136": "right to be present that energy it it's different", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00191-00092160-00092551": "okay, yeah i do agree with that because i feel like", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00192-00092551-00092856": "even though you know our technology advances", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00193-00092856-00093216": "we still need the interaction with human to human", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00194-00093216-00093607": "because like you can't have like AI who replace a human or", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00195-00093607-00093848": "try to understand you a little bit better", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00196-00093848-00094360": "Lets go to your next question now. We're", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00197-00094360-00094639": "getting to the next section of getting help", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00198-00094639-00095088": "like I know a lot of our audience. You know", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00199-00095088-00095504": "may not have access to therapy or therapy is too expensive. So these are", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00200-00095504-00095904": "some of the questions that they have that they want to ask you so number one", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00201-00095904-00096392": "is how do you know how do i know it's time to get", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00202-00096392-00096683": "therapy or how do you know you need to see a therapist", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00203-00096683-00097272": "Yeah that's a good question and you know", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00204-00097272-00097695": "some of the listeners and viewers will notice the theme with the way i respond", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00205-00097695-00098080": "because a lot of my answers will be it depends it'll be dependent on the", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00206-00098080-00098519": "individual where they are in their life um", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00207-00098519-00098839": "quite often what i say to my clients is most people come to therapy because they", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00208-00098839-00099112": "want to change in their lives they're realizing that the way that", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00209-00099112-00099368": "they're living is no longer sustainable and", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00210-00099368-00099800": "something needs to shift and perhaps they've been trying to do certain things", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00211-00099800-00100151": "a particular way and it hasn't gotten them the results that they", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00212-00100151-00100575": "would like to see so there are scenarios like that and then there are scenarios", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00213-00100575-00100839": "where individuals come to counseling really", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00214-00100839-00101207": "unwillingly like they're there because their family members want them to be", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00215-00101207-00101463": "there or they're there because they've been mandated", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00216-00101463-00101872": "you know they've been institutionalized right and in those scenarios there's", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00217-00101872-00102200": "a lot of pushback a lot of hesitation which", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00218-00102200-00102511": "makes therapy even more difficult right um", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00219-00102511-00102824": "therapy is meant to be a place where people", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00220-00102824-00103543": "feel safe and comfortable to share and you know be unapologetically", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00221-00103543-00104031": "authentically themselves right which i think not many of us", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00222-00104031-00104400": "feel comfortable doing because society has kind of", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00223-00104400-00104976": "put these expectations on how we need to be seen how we need to act how things", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00224-00104976-00105528": "are um in particular in the last 15 16", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00225-00105528-00105776": "months i imagine a lot of people have had to", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00226-00105776-00106255": "really sit with themselves um working from home or learning from", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00227-00106255-00106648": "home or you know not having that relational", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00228-00106648-00107111": "connection with others right mm-hmm you you brought up a good", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00229-00107111-00107567": "point about um how they have to be comfortable", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00230-00107567-00107967": "with the the therapist because that's important and then so", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00231-00107967-00108311": "then that comes to the next question like how do you know it's", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00232-00108311-00108696": "the right therapist that you're you're seeing or when do you know", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00233-00108696-00109144": "it's time to move on to the next therapist", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00234-00109144-00109759": "yeah really good question right um again depending on where people are at", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00235-00109759-00110055": "in their lives some people stick with the therapist that they have", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00236-00110055-00110408": "because financially speaking uh that that's what they're able to", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00237-00110408-00110688": "afford right um speaking for myself when i was in grad", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00238-00110688-00110976": "school um the therapist i saw was through my", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00239-00110976-00111391": "my school right and we were able to pay i think it was forty dollars a session", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00240-00111391-00111800": "which was quite affordable therapy um at least in bc um", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00241-00111800-00112367": "starts off at 120 a session um and at the time i i like that was", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00242-00112367-00112688": "what i was before i'm able to afford um it was great", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00243-00112688-00112935": "therapist perhaps not like the most perfect fit", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00244-00112935-00113520": "but we were still able to get work done right um and something that one of my", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00245-00113520-00113840": "colleagues mentioned um earlier this week is like", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00246-00113840-00114232": "um when it comes to therapy sometimes sometimes when you're in a crisis it's", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00247-00114232-00114488": "similar to like the vaccine situation that's going on", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00248-00114488-00114791": "right the first vaccine you get is the best vaccine", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00249-00114791-00115135": "right so the first therapist you can get for support is is the best therapist you", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00250-00115135-00115424": "can get and um from there being able to get", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00251-00115424-00115928": "ourselves you know into a place where we have the resources where we realize", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00252-00115928-00116296": "okay um working with this therapist has served", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00253-00116296-00116640": "me um has provided me what i've needed in this time", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00254-00116640-00117248": "and if things are staying stable they're realizing okay i'm ready", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00255-00117248-00117544": "to wrap up or i'm ready to tackle something else on", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00256-00117544-00117896": "and perhaps this therapist doesn't specialize in it", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00257-00117896-00118232": "right and wanting to shift to something else", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00258-00118232-00118583": "that's interesting um because you just mentioned they might you might need to", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00259-00118583-00118808": "find different specialists but i'm just wondering like", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00260-00118808-00119296": "um therapist is very like therapy is very complex and there's", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00261-00119296-00119640": "different types of therapy that you can go into", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00262-00119640-00120048": "uh do you mind just briefly explain to our audience about like what", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00263-00120048-00120479": "different types of therapists or uh uh that's out there", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00264-00120479-00121208": "yeah yeah um so before i dive into that um i do want to", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00265-00121208-00121440": "like acknowledge that depending on where", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00266-00121440-00121959": "people are located in the world some places do not have like the word", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00267-00121959-00122552": "therapist or clinical like counselor regulated right and so what that means", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00268-00122552-00122911": "is anybody can hang a shingle outside of their house and call themselves like a", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00269-00122911-00123311": "life coach or a therapist which is really concerning because", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00270-00123311-00123679": "that's when you can get you know that's when harm can occur", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00271-00123679-00123903": "right and so when you're when you're looking", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00272-00123903-00124167": "for a therapist really really taking the time doing the", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00273-00124167-00124424": "homework and and checking to see you know", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00274-00124424-00124800": "does this person report to a regulatory body are they registered", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00275-00124800-00125111": "are um are they done by a code of ethics so that they", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00276-00125111-00125735": "do good work right and um so there's that portion and then um when", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00277-00125735-00126083": "it comes to therapy the different kinds of therapists", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00278-00126083-00126679": "um so the fancy term that is used in in the counseling world is", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00279-00126679-00127024": "theoretical orientation and so what that means", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00280-00127024-00127352": "is the approach that the therapists use um", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00281-00127352-00127720": "when they are working with a client right the more popular ones that people", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00282-00127720-00128191": "have heard of are um cognitive behavioral therapy", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00283-00128191-00128735": "right um there is also person-centered or client-centered meeting the person", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00284-00128735-00129167": "where they're at um there's there's trauma therapy so emdr", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00285-00129167-00129615": "uh there's also uh dbt dialectic behavioral therapy", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00286-00129615-00130064": "um so these are all different modalities that can be used when working with", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00287-00130064-00130264": "clients some people prefer individual some", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00288-00130264-00130767": "prefer groups some people prefer intensive it all kind", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00289-00130767-00131248": "of varies and it's really figuring out um like what fits the individual", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00290-00131248-00131672": "right right it comes down to doing your research", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00291-00131672-00132072": "and finding what works for you because there's a lot of different type of", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00292-00132072-00132408": "therapy it may not work for you in the beginning and that's where you", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00293-00132408-00132720": "will have to dive a little bit deeper and find the next one that actually", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00294-00132720-00133152": "works for you yeah um because like a lot of people can", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00295-00133152-00133536": "easily think that oh if i go into therapy for the first session i feel", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00296-00133536-00133855": "like that might resolve all the the concern that they", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00297-00133855-00134200": "may have but it's actually it's a long it's a long journey that", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00298-00134200-00134632": "takes time to you know recover or heal from", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00299-00134632-00135096": "whatever issue that or concern that you may have okay um", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00300-00135096-00135488": "okay so let's go to the next question um this is another question that a lot of", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00301-00135488-00135903": "people have um asked our audience asked um", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00302-00135903-00136296": "so they feel like they have anxiety or depression", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00303-00136296-00136960": "and um they want to bring out the the concern to the parents um", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00304-00136960-00137464": "but they they're afraid of um hearing back from the parents of", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00305-00137464-00137967": "rejecting their uh requests on um asking for", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00306-00137967-00138567": "therapy so for help um so in your opinion like what can uh it could be", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00307-00138567-00138928": "teenager adults uh what can they do to bring up the the", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00308-00138928-00139144": "concerns that they have right now with their parents", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00309-00139144-00139567": "they want therapy for help yeah that's a really good question", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00310-00139567-00139960": "and i think it's a it's a concern that many people", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00311-00139960-00140424": "experience especially since there is that you know stigma around mental", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00312-00140424-00140655": "health and therapy right depending on what culture", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00313-00140655-00141360": "you're from and so on um yeah and so", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00314-00141360-00141672": "depending on what age an individual is right", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00315-00141672-00142055": "um there's there is a legal age of consent right if people", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00316-00142055-00142384": "are of age and they feel comfortable reaching out to mental health", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00317-00142384-00142784": "professionals um communities like resources in the", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00318-00142784-00143040": "community like non-profits in order to seek therapy", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00319-00143040-00143391": "they're able to do that themselves right um for those who are younger", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00320-00143391-00143767": "and perhaps need you know parental assistance there that that does become a", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00321-00143767-00144167": "lot more challenging right yeah and um", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00322-00144167-00144527": "you know quite often what may be beneficial is being able to have", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00323-00144527-00144848": "the language to describe what is going on", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00324-00144848-00145327": "um finding the supports that are already existing in your life", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00325-00145327-00145632": "right if there are siblings or aunts and uncles or", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00326-00145632-00146024": "teachers um or doctors that we're already working with", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00327-00146024-00146424": "um that are aware of how we're doing um having them", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00328-00146424-00146888": "uh take part or join in on conversation can make things a little bit easier as", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00329-00146888-00147288": "well so we're not the ones kind of just diving into the deep end on our own", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00330-00147288-00147760": "right um because it can be really difficult to", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00331-00147760-00148344": "start that conversation and yeah i can for sure can imagine it'll be you", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00332-00148344-00148736": "know difficult to bring out um that you're", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00333-00148736-00148984": "having that you feel like you have inside or", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00334-00148984-00149240": "you that you feel like you have depression but again you don't know", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00335-00149240-00149760": "and you want to bring up your parents um so your your first suggestion maybe like", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00336-00149760-00150232": "to talk to someone who you trusted first to kind of you know just voice it", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00337-00150232-00150591": "out to someone that you you trust and and go from there yeah um", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00338-00150591-00150984": "so it really leads to the next question like um how", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00339-00150984-00151400": "how can you ask for help when you don't know how to", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00340-00151400-00151760": "get the words out to get to get the help that someone has asked", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00341-00151760-00152144": "that question like you want to you know you need help but how do you", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00342-00152144-00152736": "ask someone how do you ask for help yeah", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00343-00152736-00153064": "um so the question that uh the person is wondering like", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00344-00153064-00153415": "like if they know they need help how do they um ask for help", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00345-00153415-00154072": "what's your opinion on that yeah and so before i answer i just", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00346-00154072-00154512": "wanted acknowledge that you know whoever it is that submitted this question", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00347-00154512-00154879": "you know uh thank you for submitting it thank you for acknowledging", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00348-00154879-00155248": "that okay i'm wanting to take this step it is", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00349-00155248-00155552": "hard it is really hard it takes a lot of courage", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00350-00155552-00155912": "it is terrifying it is scary uh it's overwhelming", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00351-00155912-00156584": "right and even having that thought even coming to that", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00352-00156584-00157032": "conclusion that i want to reach out for support", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00353-00157032-00157415": "that in itself right you are making progress", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00354-00157415-00157744": "you have grown from where you were before right and so being able to", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00355-00157744-00158184": "acknowledge that to begin with and then again thinking about what is", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00356-00158184-00158648": "available in terms of resources right the fact that you are watching and", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00357-00158648-00159032": "listening to this live stream right now i imagine that you perhaps have seen", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00358-00159032-00159560": "other things on psych2go um and uh are familiar perhaps with", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00359-00159560-00160200": "you know things like crisis lines or um community resources perhaps like", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00360-00160200-00160727": "going to your doctor right um a lot of times", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00361-00160727-00161084": "it's the first step is the hardest part right", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00362-00161084-00161712": "and what is great about the community right the", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00363-00161712-00162184": "mental health community is um ideally not always but ideally um if", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00364-00162184-00162752": "the person you reach out to uh they aren't competent", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00365-00162752-00163096": "and well suited for whatever has been brought up", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00366-00163096-00163464": "um if they're unaware they at the very least are able to refer", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00367-00163464-00163896": "and connect individuals to someone else right um i've had plenty of", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00368-00163896-00164312": "clients reach out to me whether through private practice or in the institution i", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00369-00164312-00164632": "work for and and we'll we'll talk about what's", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00370-00164632-00164864": "going on and it's like they're ready for therapy", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00371-00164864-00165127": "and i'll be like i'll be completely transparent with you i don't think i'm", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00372-00165127-00165352": "the right fit for you i think there's another therapist that", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00373-00165352-00165600": "would be able to work with you better and be able to", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00374-00165600-00166136": "get them connected with that right um and then also acknowledging like it's", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00375-00166136-00166415": "not always the case like there are barriers there are", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00376-00166415-00166888": "obstacles there are challenges right and so uh really", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00377-00166888-00167464": "asking ourselves you know what is readily available for us right perhaps", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00378-00167464-00167855": "it's um watching educational videos", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00379-00167855-00168272": "to start right to get the language for it perhaps it's calling into a crisis", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00380-00168272-00168767": "line or texting into a help text sort of thing i know in the", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00381-00168767-00169048": "last 15 16 months with with the impacts of kova", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00382-00169048-00169479": "and the pandemic um there's been a lot of shift and", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00383-00169479-00169824": "support that's been provided online right so whether", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00384-00169824-00170391": "you are in um usually usually elementary high schools have a counselor available", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00385-00170391-00170744": "right um and there they've got resources to connect individuals to their", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00386-00170744-00171032": "community uh college university level there's also", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00387-00171032-00171496": "a lot of like online resources there yeah so it seems", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00388-00171496-00171800": "like um that's important the first step is", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00389-00171800-00172232": "taking a step acknowledging that you know you you understand that you", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00390-00172232-00172567": "need help and there are resources out there that you can reach", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00391-00172567-00173000": "for um such as like you mentioned like elementary school or high school", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00392-00173000-00173264": "university usually they have counselor there that", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00393-00173264-00173688": "you can reach out for or even your doctor or like um online", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00394-00173688-00174048": "research on the government websites so there's plenty of resources online", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00395-00174048-00174455": "that that's the first step to you know look into um that's that's a", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00396-00174455-00174888": "good tip right there um okay so let's jump on to the next", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00397-00174888-00175152": "section um this is going to be talking about", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00398-00175152-00175600": "toxic relationship relating to family friends or perhaps", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00399-00175600-00175991": "co-worker so someone in our community has asked", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00400-00175991-00176560": "how to deal with toxic parents or family members", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00401-00176576-00177096": "yeah do we do three hours um", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00402-00177160-00177944": "for a couple weeks um do we guys do we yeah that's that's that's that's a very", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00403-00177944-00178215": "tough question yeah it can take a long time", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00404-00178215-00178720": "yeah and it's it's something that a lot of my clients have come into therapy for", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00405-00178720-00179103": "right um i know there's like a a meme or a", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00406-00179103-00179527": "post going on around being like um where people are in", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00407-00179527-00179855": "therapy because the people in their lives aren't willing to go to therapy", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00408-00179855-00180567": "um right and and and like when it comes to toxic", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00409-00180567-00180976": "relationships a lot of it comes down to boundary", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00410-00180976-00181439": "setting yes yeah and", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00411-00181439-00181984": "depending on the culture the environment the individuals that you", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00412-00181984-00182415": "grew up with sometimes boundaries don't exist right", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00413-00182415-00182888": "um or if they are um they're very blurred or they're not very clear", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00414-00182888-00183215": "or you know they're different from what we see um", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00415-00183215-00183784": "in the lives of others right and so", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00416-00183832-00184184": "with boundaries it takes a lot of time right", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00417-00184184-00184432": "and", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00418-00184624-00184967": "kind of relating to what we were talking about in the previous", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00419-00184967-00185255": "question about like when you're starting therapy how do you reach out what are", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00420-00185255-00185503": "the steps um same with like when it comes to toxic", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00421-00185503-00185839": "relationships um being able to find even just one person", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00422-00185839-00186120": "that you feel comfortable with and safe with talking to about the", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00423-00186120-00186576": "situation um to get um a separate perspective whether that", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00424-00186576-00186784": "be a friend a colleague a sibling or", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00425-00186784-00187008": "calling into the crisis line or your doctor", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00426-00187008-00187591": "or you know um because when we're in it it's really hard to realize what's going", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00427-00187591-00187927": "on because yeah we know what we know and we", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00428-00187927-00188215": "don't know what we don't know right a lot of people grow up and they're like", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00429-00188215-00188655": "oh yeah this is normal right right um you know parents barging", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00430-00188655-00189032": "into our rooms whenever they want to um phone calls at late hours of the", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00431-00189032-00189432": "night being expected to drop everything kind of thing right um that's", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00432-00189432-00189864": "that's their their norm and", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00433-00189864-00190296": "the way that i um i saw this online i can't remember exactly", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00434-00190296-00190600": "who it was from boundaries are described as", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00435-00190600-00191000": "um how much i can love you while also loving myself at the same time", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00436-00191000-00191296": "right and when a person sets a boundary it's not that they don't want you in", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00437-00191296-00191576": "their life anymore it's because they're trying really hard to keep you in their", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00438-00191576-00192072": "life hmm that's a very um deep", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00439-00192072-00192479": "quotation right there um and now i'm just wondering like how do you set", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00440-00192479-00192824": "boundaries now that that's that's tough like because your", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00441-00192824-00193255": "parents is your parents that you know since you were born or family members", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00442-00193255-00193624": "that you live with like how do you set boundaries if you", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00443-00193624-00193879": "know you need to that's a tough question how do you how", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00444-00193879-00194415": "how will you do it yeah and there are a lot of", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00445-00194415-00194927": "um like boundary workbooks right um that like if people are one because i", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00446-00194927-00195296": "know we're limited on time right like that like if people want to work through", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00447-00195296-00195679": "there's that um going to see a counselor and learning different boundary setting", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00448-00195679-00196144": "um uh approaches um i know when it comes to boundary setting", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00449-00196144-00196632": "when i'm working with my clients i really invite them and encourage them to", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00450-00196632-00197008": "be aware of how they're feeling right how am i feeling physically right", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00451-00197008-00197376": "now what's going on emotionally what's going on with my thoughts", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00452-00197376-00197815": "am i noticing that i'm getting anxious overwhelmed am i shutting down am i", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00453-00197815-00198144": "numbing out right because these are warning signs to", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00454-00198144-00198384": "let us know when our boundaries are starting to get", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00455-00198384-00198751": "crossed when we're we're not in a place where we're comfortable anymore", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00456-00198751-00199224": "right and for that it could be you know okay i need to take a step back", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00457-00199224-00199439": "and go use the restroom right now where i need to go take", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00458-00199439-00199791": "go for a walk or i need to go listen to a song right everyone uh for everyone", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00459-00199791-00200079": "boundary setting may be a little different", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00460-00200079-00200664": "um and so um really having that awareness is important", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00461-00200664-00200927": "because we can't change what we don't know", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00462-00200927-00201551": "exactly yeah so like yeah that's that's exactly um okay", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00463-00201551-00202160": "so on to the next question that our committee have asked", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00464-00202160-00202536": "how would they deal with", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00465-00202648-00203239": "distrust towards oneself after you have ruined your relationship like", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00466-00203239-00203879": "pushing away or cheating that's very specific yeah yeah", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00467-00203879-00204288": "it's very specific and i think it's something that", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00468-00204288-00204688": "many of us relate to right when we've had", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00469-00204688-00204991": "experiences in our lives where things have not gone the way", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00470-00204991-00205559": "that we wish that it could have and we start questioning and we start judging", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00471-00205559-00205783": "and we're really critical and we start", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00472-00205783-00206071": "wondering like you know oh i made these mistakes in the past am", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00473-00206071-00206504": "i do i know if i'm making the right mistake or making the right choice", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00474-00206504-00207207": "to avoid mistakes um and you know a lot of times um you know", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00475-00207207-00207783": "uh you know there's a saying that uh when we find ourselves constantly", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00476-00207783-00208152": "thinking about the past right um we're in a state of depression", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00477-00208152-00208344": "because there's so much regret there's so much guilt", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00478-00208344-00208696": "right and when we're worrying about the future you know", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00479-00208696-00209048": "although what ifs we're in a state of anxiety right because there's that", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00480-00209048-00209487": "uncertainty unknown whereas uh if we are able to be in the", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00481-00209487-00209759": "present the here and now this is the only thing we can control because we", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00482-00209759-00209952": "can't control the past we can't control the future", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00483-00209952-00210256": "right um the here and now is what we do have", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00484-00210256-00210576": "control over right that's why they call it the present it's a gift", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00485-00210576-00211135": "yes right yeah well that's a good one i actually for some reason i just never", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00486-00211135-00211632": "fall about like present is like you know right now and", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00487-00211832-00212688": "yeah and so like when it comes to you know asking ourselves like can i", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00488-00212688-00212896": "trust myself again like that that is hard", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00489-00212896-00213240": "right yeah um especially when we've had experiences", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00490-00213240-00213728": "where um perhaps you know things haven't gone well and so we start", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00491-00213728-00214111": "distrusting our actions or if we have going back to the previous question if", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00492-00214111-00214480": "we have uh toxic individuals in our lives who really put us down", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00493-00214480-00214976": "um and have us think oh i am making poor choices i am making poor decisions right", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00494-00214976-00215704": "neurologically speaking our brain shifts uh to to adapt to protect ourselves", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00495-00215704-00216280": "right and uh the way that we have been coping the way that we have been", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00496-00216280-00216704": "responding and reacting you know perhaps it worked at some point", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00497-00216704-00217048": "in the past right which is why we continue doing it", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00498-00217048-00217359": "um however you know what worked in the past may not", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00499-00217359-00217759": "work in the present right and again having that awareness", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00500-00217759-00218088": "right and then um recognizing we want to take", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00501-00218088-00218359": "those steps to change and then perhaps reaching out to", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00502-00218359-00218871": "supports or starting to look at you know books or connecting with", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00503-00218871-00219448": "doctors therapists so on and so forth so yeah you can't change the past but", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00504-00219448-00219744": "you should focus on the present is a present", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00505-00219744-00220192": "and reaching out for our resources that you have available around you", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00506-00220192-00220632": "um so let's go to the next question that our community have asked", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00507-00220632-00221256": "how do you protect your mind against negative people around you or how do you", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00508-00221256-00221567": "how to cope in a situation where your family", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00509-00221567-00222232": "seems to be around you but not with you ooh that's hard yeah", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00510-00222232-00222583": "that's that's a tough one and i imagine with uh", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00511-00222583-00223032": "the last 15 16 months a lot of us being at home are having to move back home", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00512-00223032-00223392": "being around family people or being around people that we not necessarily", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00513-00223392-00223656": "want to spend time with it's like oh what do i do", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00514-00223656-00224176": "right and again going back to like boundary setting", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00515-00224176-00224559": "awareness of whether or not this is like an environment that i don't want to", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00516-00224559-00224911": "be in right now right knowing what works and knowing what", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00517-00224911-00225483": "doesn't work right um i've had clients share with me how like", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00518-00225483-00225832": "um they know that they can't try and do", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00519-00225832-00226216": "work um in the living room because their families are walking around they're", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00520-00226216-00226535": "really loud um so like they know okay um depending", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00521-00226535-00226696": "on what i'm needing to do maybe i need to be", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00522-00226696-00227264": "in my bedroom or maybe um i need to communicate with them saying like hey i", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00523-00227264-00227632": "have a meeting right now or you know being clear about what's", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00524-00227632-00228032": "going on and in particular um", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00525-00228032-00228367": "making sure that what we're saying like what we're intending is actually being", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00526-00228367-00228944": "interpreted the way that we want it to right um some of us perhaps if you're", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00527-00228944-00229248": "living at home i've heard stories of this where you're like in a meeting", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00528-00229248-00229607": "and like even professors teachers they're teaching and then their mom", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00529-00229607-00230000": "walks in with like a plate of fruit um which is really sweet but then like", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00530-00230000-00230448": "super person is just like i i hold you and and i was like well you", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00531-00230448-00230735": "said you were teaching you didn't say it's not okay for me to bring you food", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00532-00230735-00231096": "right and so like like being clear with our boundaries being clear what our", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00533-00231096-00231511": "expectations are right um sometimes we we don't know we", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00534-00231511-00231744": "know what we know we don't know what we don't know", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00535-00231744-00232159": "exactly that's a good point um so let's go to", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00536-00232159-00232464": "because we don't have a lot of time we're gonna go to the next section", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00537-00232464-00233159": "of topics it's going to be on anxiety so one of our committee uh member uh", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00538-00233159-00233456": "mentioned or asked us this question what do i do", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00539-00233456-00233832": "when i have a panic attack and how do i overcome", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00540-00233832-00234256": "panic attack and this is also leads to i sometimes", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00541-00234256-00234735": "i'm outside i can't cuddle up in my dark quiet room but sometimes i just can't do", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00542-00234735-00235000": "that when i'm not home so it's hard for me to", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00543-00235000-00235600": "cope how do i any advice on how i could calm down when i'm not home or", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00544-00235600-00235816": "alone so there's like three questions right", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00545-00235816-00236400": "there yeah yeah um and so these", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00546-00236400-00236776": "these are concerns that are often brought up by other clients this is it's", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00547-00236776-00237080": "not just this person who's asking and i imagine for those who are listening in", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00548-00237080-00237448": "right now some of you are like whoo i i experienced that too right you", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00549-00237448-00237823": "know for myself especially as things are ramping up and", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00550-00237823-00238119": "reopening like going outside if i'm suddenly around a", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00551-00238119-00238416": "lot of people it doesn't matter if i have a mask on i i'm just like", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00552-00238416-00238728": "i don't want to be here right now it's like why", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00553-00238728-00239448": "are you so close to me um and and everyone again", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00554-00239448-00239816": "has a different approach and fit to taking care of ourselves", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00555-00239816-00240135": "right and panic attacks in particular are", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00556-00240135-00240511": "are challenging because they're hard to control right", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00557-00240511-00241111": "um and you know depending on who the person is which", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00558-00241111-00241392": "therapist you're working with right again everyone has a different", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00559-00241392-00241896": "approach and fit okay um for myself you know i've had i've experienced", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00560-00241896-00242128": "anxiety i've not experienced a panic attack myself", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00561-00242128-00242728": "however what what i have learned and been informed is that they they", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00562-00242728-00243183": "eventually pass right um the research shows", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00563-00243183-00243567": "emotions and physical feelings when physical responses when we sit with them", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00564-00243567-00243871": "long enough we're able to regulate ourselves and", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00565-00243871-00244352": "bring ourselves back to that equilibrium right whether or not we do it quickly is", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00566-00244352-00244807": "a whole other thing right um and for this individual that", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00567-00244807-00244983": "submitted this question it sounds like they", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00568-00244983-00245328": "they know when they feel like they're able to ground themselves and", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00569-00245328-00245704": "and managing anxiety right being at home when it's dark", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00570-00245704-00246159": "right um and so you know being aware okay these are things that are working", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00571-00246159-00246464": "are there things similar adjacent that may perhaps", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00572-00246464-00246871": "work right and being curious with it and and testing it out", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00573-00246871-00247192": "right again there is no one size fit all right", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00574-00247192-00247576": "um and a lot of people come to therapy and they're like", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00575-00247576-00247911": "what's the answer give me advice and i'm like i am", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00576-00247911-00248328": "really sorry to be the bearer of bad news um i'm not here to give advice", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00577-00248328-00248744": "um i'm just here um you know a lot of laura could do is", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00578-00248744-00249056": "psycho education looking at things from a different perspective", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00579-00249056-00249440": "right mm-hmm thank you for answering that i feel like uh we have a long", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00580-00249440-00249871": "community repeating um similar questions around pan attack i", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00581-00249871-00250152": "think that might be helpful for those who are wondering", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00582-00250152-00250871": "um so this leads to the next question on how uh how to deal with social anxiety", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00583-00250871-00251207": "overthinking and being embarrassed and everything even by", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00584-00251207-00251456": "talking", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00585-00251511-00252319": "yeah there's a lot of layers there yeah yeah i i've had clients come with", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00586-00252319-00252696": "that precise concern right wanting to experience a change wanting to", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00587-00252696-00253335": "experience a shift and um yeah it's gonna vary", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00588-00253335-00253911": "right um i shared this with cindy yesterday um", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00589-00253911-00254416": "and i'm gonna i'm gonna share it today um with therapy the way that i describe", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00590-00254416-00254616": "it to to my friends to my family to my", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00591-00254616-00255056": "clients is it's very similar to when you are driving a car", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00592-00255056-00255431": "right um and you're driving a car and perhaps the car starts acting up so", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00593-00255431-00255864": "you pull over to the side of the road um many of us are like hey gonna call", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00594-00255864-00256271": "bcaa or a triple a wherever you are in the world or the mechanic right", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00595-00256271-00256783": "um and people think like therapy is like you call a mechanic and then it comes", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00596-00256783-00257223": "and they they fix the car up and then you're good to go right therapy", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00597-00257223-00257583": "is in fact not that therapy is the mechanic going", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00598-00257583-00257911": "okay uh tell me what you see right now is the", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00599-00257911-00258271": "key in the exam ignition is there gas in the tank pop", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00600-00258271-00258544": "open the hood is there any smoke right okay uh the", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00601-00258544-00258807": "right hand side there that's where the engine oil is", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00602-00258807-00259176": "i think it's yellow or like take that out check it and so you kind of", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00603-00259176-00259519": "explore see what perhaps needs to be adjusted", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00604-00259519-00259911": "and shifted and maybe are going and so you hop back in", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00605-00259911-00260280": "you drive a little longer and maybe it acts up again and you have to pull over", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00606-00260280-00260656": "and and you uh you end up trying what worked the", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00607-00260656-00260904": "first time and if it works awesome if not you call", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00608-00260904-00261280": "a mechanic again and as time progresses ideally the duration between the car", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00609-00261280-00261607": "breakdowns uh lengthens and extends and eventually", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00610-00261607-00261840": "gets to the point where you don't have to call them a cat anymore because", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00611-00261840-00262224": "you're self-sustaining right and when it comes", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00612-00262224-00262488": "to anxiety taking care of ourselves", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00613-00262488-00262959": "managing ourselves right being aware do i have the capacity", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00614-00262959-00263159": "to do what it is i'm wanting to do right now", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00615-00263159-00263528": "is really important right if you decide when you wake up in the morning", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00616-00263528-00263935": "i'm gonna do all of this stuff but you wake up and you are", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00617-00263935-00264344": "drained you barely slept you don't have an appetite you feel sick to your", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00618-00264344-00264807": "stomach it's really hard to do all those things", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00619-00264807-00265216": "it's like um going back to the car analogy if you decide you're gonna take", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00620-00265216-00265544": "a road trip but you only have a fourth of a tank", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00621-00265544-00265856": "full and you drive and then your car runs out", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00622-00265856-00266224": "of gas do you get mad at the car for not being", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00623-00266224-00266568": "able to get you where you were wanting to go or do you realize", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00624-00266568-00266920": "probably probably would be good to fill up the gas", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00625-00266920-00267344": "right right yeah it's similar to us as humans", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00626-00267344-00267680": "that's a really good analogy using a mechanical", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00627-00267680-00268448": "mechanic and your car um towards a therapy um okay so because we don't have", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00628-00268448-00268768": "a lot of time 15 minutes left but i'll try to skim through like the", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00629-00268768-00269120": "topics that most people have asked in our community so we're going to go to", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00630-00269120-00269511": "the next uh section as uh it's on self-confidence", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00631-00269511-00270007": "and self-improvement so the first question is", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00632-00270007-00270548": "how do i stop overthinking uh i feel like it's lowering my", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00633-00270548-00271200": "self-confidence yeah and what's your advice on that yeah", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00634-00271200-00271792": "um i don't have advice i have different uh strategies that may or may", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00635-00271792-00272296": "not be beneficial um things to explore right um so", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00636-00272296-00272720": "um in british columbia we have anxiety bc um as a resource", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00637-00272720-00273024": "and um some of the resources are available on there", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00638-00273024-00273424": "particularly surrounding like overthinking and anxious thoughts and", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00639-00273424-00273664": "such is again having that first step that", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00640-00273664-00273848": "awareness that these thoughts are coming up", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00641-00273848-00274448": "right um the the term that's often used is um thinking traps like ways of", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00642-00274448-00274744": "thinking um that we find ourselves trapped in", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00643-00274744-00275104": "right and some of those categories um cindy what i can do is i can send you", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00644-00275104-00275424": "the links so you can provide them in insurance afterwards and people can", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00645-00275424-00275935": "click on them right so let me see if i can pull mine up so i", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00646-00275935-00276311": "can just read some of sure here um so like some", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00647-00276311-00276728": "examples of thinking traps are you know when we are fortune telling", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00648-00276728-00276959": "right um predicting that things are not gonna", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00649-00276959-00277335": "go well right um even though we don't really have a", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00650-00277335-00277552": "crystal ball to predict how the future is going to be", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00651-00277552-00277944": "or we think in black and white you know anything less than perfect is a failure", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00652-00277944-00278416": "right or we mind read you know ah everyone who's watching right now must", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00653-00278416-00278983": "think like this is a really dumb livestream", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00654-00279064-00279607": "either right now um like i am i am not good at public", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00655-00279607-00280056": "speaking my face is red right now people aren't gonna notice we made label", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00656-00280056-00280472": "like oh i'm so stupid i'm a loser right um or we may", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00657-00280472-00280928": "overestimate danger you know um oh i'm gonna i'm so worried", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00658-00280928-00281256": "i'm so anxious i'm gonna die like being on this live stream or we", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00659-00281256-00281576": "filter and and like um you know cindy you mentioned at the", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00660-00281576-00281944": "beginning um like oh there's all these people watching and", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00661-00281944-00282240": "i'm like oh man uh how many people are gonna like this video how many people", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00662-00282240-00282576": "are gonna dislike this video and then just filtering in on like oh", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00663-00282576-00282935": "these many people disliked it what did we do wrong right um or", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00664-00282935-00283440": "catastrophizing worst case scenario um or this one is", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00665-00283440-00283944": "one that's often used should statements i should never feel anxious i should", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00666-00283944-00284320": "do this i should do this i should do this right and so all of these are", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00667-00284320-00284807": "considered thinking traps and um having awareness that these are", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00668-00284807-00285080": "thinking traps helps because we're then able to start", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00669-00285080-00285480": "challenging our thoughts right is there evidence that this is true have", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00670-00285480-00285840": "i confused it with a thought or is it a fact right what", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00671-00285840-00286135": "would my friend say am i 100 sure that this is going to", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00672-00286135-00286528": "happen all right is this so important my life is going to depend on it what's the", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00673-00286528-00286904": "worst thing that can happen right so on and so forth and so uh the", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00674-00286904-00287207": "documents that i'm referring to right now cindy what i can do is i can send", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00675-00287207-00287535": "them to you you kind of um share them as a resource", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00676-00287535-00288000": "right um and sure yeah", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00677-00288000-00288328": "thank you so much for sharing that i would definitely include uh it's like a", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00678-00288328-00288688": "website link or is it like it's a pdf it's a pdf okay sure", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00679-00288688-00288968": "i'll upload it um it'll be listed in the description", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00680-00288968-00289344": "box so all of you guys can check out uh for your resources that you can", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00681-00289344-00289831": "look into um we're gonna go to the next section", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00682-00289831-00290535": "um on trauma um so this is a very personal question i think um how to", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00683-00290535-00290904": "how to start living my life after past trauma", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00684-00290904-00291240": "or how do you how do you learn to trust again after", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00685-00291240-00291624": "your trauma yeah", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00686-00291911-00292328": "and so before even diving into answering this", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00687-00292328-00292735": "um to whoever submitted this question thank you for submitting it", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00688-00292735-00293424": "um trauma is hard drama is you know described as something that is", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00689-00293424-00293888": "unexpected overwhelming out of control right um", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00690-00293888-00294320": "people often think of trauma as like the things we see on tv uh car crashes", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00691-00294320-00294655": "neglect abuse right um when that's not always the case", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00692-00294655-00295304": "right um there's trauma from the third grade math teacher who told us", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00693-00295304-00295711": "we'll never be able to get this right or the seventh grade english teacher who", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00694-00295711-00296024": "was like you're never going to be anything well", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00695-00296024-00296335": "that shows up later on in life when we're in college trying to take a stats", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00696-00296335-00296664": "course when we're trying to get the right paper", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00697-00296664-00297072": "out so on and so forth right and so even", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00698-00297072-00297400": "just acknowledging that", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00699-00297407-00297728": "yeah this is something that that we've experienced that in itself is", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00700-00297728-00298328": "really difficult right um because the thing with with trauma you look at", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00701-00298328-00298783": "history right um after the world wars it wasn't called", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00702-00298783-00299168": "like ptsd right trauma um it was shell-shocked", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00703-00299168-00299504": "right there was never really language for this like this has been around for a", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00704-00299504-00299800": "really long time but we never had the language we never had", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00705-00299800-00300152": "um the capacity or the understanding for it right", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00706-00300152-00300704": "and um for those who have taken like biology or psychology courses you're", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00707-00300704-00301159": "familiar with like our physical body and how it responds um", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00708-00301159-00301696": "to the stress or you know or our nervous system right there's the", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00709-00301696-00302072": "parasympathetic nervous system and the sympathetic nervous system right", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00710-00302072-00302376": "one helps our heart rate increase the other helps it like", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00711-00302376-00302696": "relax this is super cliff notes version if there are any", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00712-00302696-00303007": "bio majors or medical students watching right now", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00713-00303007-00303559": "be gentle um but the but the gist of the idea is um again", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00714-00303559-00304031": "having that awareness right um because", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00715-00304031-00304680": "again as humans we're relational beings and our body is going to adapt and", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00716-00304680-00305080": "adjust to do what it thinks may be the best", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00717-00305080-00305511": "option in order to protect ourselves and", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00718-00305511-00305928": "that could be choosing to fight that could be choosing to flight", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00719-00305928-00306344": "right to run we could freeze in the moment completely shut down completely", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00720-00306344-00306735": "numb out or we can do fawning which is a more recent um the", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00721-00306735-00307072": "fourth f that um has uh there's been more research out", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00722-00307072-00307320": "but the idea uh the gist of the idea is like we we", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00723-00307320-00307744": "basically placate and we do what we can to use the other person to", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00724-00307744-00308159": "keep ourselves safe right and so these these responses are", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00725-00308159-00308511": "ways to protect ourselves and keep ourselves", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00726-00308511-00308920": "alive right and again what worked in the past", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00727-00308920-00309328": "may no longer work for us in the future in the present right and", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00728-00309328-00309880": "again that awareness um and particularly around like trauma", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00729-00309880-00310376": "processing trauma therapy getting support with that", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00730-00310472-00310792": "acknowledging is the first step and then taking", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00731-00310792-00311311": "the steps to gain support right kind of tying back to some of the earlier", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00732-00311311-00311559": "questions like how do we find a good therapist how do we find a good", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00733-00311559-00312016": "um you know general practitioner right um depending on the type of trauma", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00734-00312016-00312448": "that's occurred um ensuring that your", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00735-00312448-00312816": "medical professional team is trauma-informed or", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00736-00312816-00313552": "say for those who are in the lgbtqia plus 2s plus community making sure that", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00737-00313552-00313888": "your therapist or your doctor is gender affirming", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00738-00313888-00314328": "right those are all really important to ensure that we can", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00739-00314328-00314959": "feel safe feel comfortable um because like with trauma it it stays in our body", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00740-00314959-00315455": "the body keeps score right um there's a book um actually", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00741-00315455-00315744": "uh if you want to look i'll give you the link so you can provide it but the body", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00742-00315744-00316048": "shop's good talks about how physically our body", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00743-00316048-00316431": "remembers the trauma that we endure right and um", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00744-00316431-00316704": "it's a lot of unpacking a lot of working", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00745-00316704-00316952": "through and again depending on the individual", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00746-00316952-00317335": "where they're at in their life which therapist or or or health professional", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00747-00317335-00317664": "they reach out to um the process of healing is gonna look", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00748-00317664-00318159": "different for everybody right and so again really finding", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00749-00318159-00318488": "um something that works", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00750-00318552-00318904": "um yeah that's interesting you have a lot of points that brought up", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00751-00318904-00319296": "um that like everyone's different um they have different", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00752-00319296-00319607": "you know it may not it may have worked in the past but it may not work the", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00753-00319607-00319992": "future so that's where you uh first stuff has to be a knowledge on", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00754-00319992-00320320": "knowledge and finding the right therapist for to help", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00755-00320320-00320744": "you out again it comes back to like researching", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00756-00320744-00321024": "and finding the right therapy and um that's", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00757-00321024-00321383": "right for you um so we don't have much time left but", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00758-00321383-00321800": "um uh i think i'll cover maybe one last", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00759-00321800-00322744": "question um let's see let's choose", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00760-00322831-00323511": "um so this will be someone asked can pets help with depression especially", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00761-00323511-00323904": "birds and how to deal with depression if you can't talk to someone", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00762-00323904-00324464": "or go to therapists mm-hmm yeah and it's very personal question it", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00763-00324464-00324935": "is a very personal question yeah um so you know", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00764-00324935-00325288": "like if we break down that question can can pets help with depression right", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00765-00325288-00325744": "how do we define help right how do we how does a person define", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00766-00325744-00326064": "depression and what they're experiencing right", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00767-00326064-00326752": "um research has found that being around animals is really therapeutic is really", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00768-00326752-00327064": "grounding right um depending on what kind of", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00769-00327064-00327264": "animal we're around like that's why there are", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00770-00327264-00327976": "you know um like pads therapy dogs right um and", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00771-00327976-00328744": "you know it's a lot of again figuring out the right fit right", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00772-00328744-00329111": "um if a person has shared with me yeah i i as a child", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00773-00329111-00329496": "um i had these dogs chasing after me and it was terrifying", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00774-00329496-00329864": "um getting them a dog probably is not gonna help", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00775-00329864-00330240": "with their their mental health right just knowing their past history", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00776-00330240-00330944": "um and it it comes down similar to like finding a good therapist right", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00777-00330944-00331464": "does the individual feel a connection do they feel safe do they feel", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00778-00331464-00332016": "comfortable right um as a little bit of a", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00779-00332016-00332320": "side note like you look at young children right", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00780-00332320-00332720": "um for those who have kids or nieces and nephews or siblings", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00781-00332720-00333048": "do you ever notice how they have like that blanket or that toy that they", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00782-00333048-00333335": "really love and they don't go anywhere without it", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00783-00333335-00333679": "right it's because that is something that is comforting to", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00784-00333679-00334079": "them that's soothing to them right and you know at that stage perhaps", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00785-00334079-00334288": "that is what they need to stay regulated and", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00786-00334288-00334624": "ideally eventually you know they get to a place where they're able to regulate", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00787-00334624-00334864": "themselves without that however at that time that's", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00788-00334864-00335207": "what they need and so for some individuals um i've had", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00789-00335207-00335664": "i have clients who have dogs cats rabbits uh birds snakes you know", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00790-00335664-00336111": "um for them like that is what works", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00791-00336120-00336472": "thank you so much for answering a question about pets um", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00792-00336472-00336920": "i think uh some people just wonder what are other ways to help them quote", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00793-00336920-00337511": "and that could be a way as well um so uh we're gonna introduce really quickly", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00794-00337511-00337776": "if you're living at home with your parents", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00795-00337776-00338159": "um or if you have roommates and stuff like that like always check to make sure", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00796-00338159-00338583": "it's okay before going and get a pet um", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00797-00338583-00339207": "just just just sharing like some some some personal experience from from", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00798-00339207-00339504": "friends who are like um i'm gonna do this and then and then", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00799-00339504-00339816": "realizing like oh oh no i don't actually have permission", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00800-00339816-00340183": "to do this or like someone at home is allergic and then and", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00801-00340183-00340400": "then they have to return the animal and it's like this", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00802-00340400-00340711": "whole this whole roller coaster of emotions right and so", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00803-00340711-00341088": "yeah yeah first make sure that your roommate or whoever you're living with", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00804-00341088-00341600": "is okay with pets before you actually look into getting one bonnie i thank you", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00805-00341600-00342016": "so much for your time before we wrap up i want to uh do you", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00806-00342016-00342288": "mind just explain like work when we find you or", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00807-00342288-00342704": "how can we if we want to uh you know maybe talk to you talk to", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00808-00342704-00343000": "you or connect with you how can we reach you at", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00809-00343000-00343311": "yeah um so for those who are located in british columbia", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00810-00343311-00343616": "canada and they're wanting to seek counseling services", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00811-00343616-00344096": "um because uh like i'm i'm regulated and i work primarily with those in", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00812-00344096-00344640": "in bc um i do have a website it's why bonniechee.com i'll", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00813-00344640-00344992": "ask you to put the link below yeah i'm also", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00814-00344992-00345488": "on uh twitter um at why bonnie chi um i do want to mention like", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00815-00345488-00345968": "um like i like i imagine there's all these questions i've been brought up", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00816-00345968-00346392": "right i'm not always going to be able to respond to things", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00817-00346392-00346824": "ethically speaking if there are concerns that are brought up that i'm not able to", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00818-00346824-00347192": "address and such i i may try my best to redirect you", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00819-00347192-00347752": "um yeah i know like for for twitter like i do retweet a lot of", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00820-00347752-00348064": "other clinicians um and um there's a lot of", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00821-00348064-00348392": "psychoeducation on there right um it's not a replacement for", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00822-00348392-00348879": "therapy um however it is um kind of good it's a", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00823-00348879-00349264": "good reminder um so to speak in between sessions right", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00824-00349264-00349504": "um i shared this analogy with uh cindy", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00825-00349504-00349976": "yesterday when we are going on a hike somewhere right if", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00826-00349976-00350304": "there's a trail that's already um you know existing and we're used to", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00827-00350304-00350583": "walking down that trail where we're realistically going to go down", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00828-00350583-00351079": "that trail right and as humans if we've learned to cope and adapt and", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00829-00351079-00351352": "respond in a particular way that's going to be our go-to", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00830-00351352-00351752": "right part of therapy is learning okay what is an alternative approach what is", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00831-00351752-00351983": "a different path we want to take and at first if", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00832-00351983-00352272": "we're walking and hiking there's gonna be a lot of grass there", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00833-00352272-00352528": "there's not gonna be a trail but as we walk through it more", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00834-00352528-00352904": "and more and more a trail a path will start to clear", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00835-00352904-00353472": "right and you know the 15 minutes once a week once every two weeks right", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00836-00353472-00353752": "we do as much work as we can but what's important is what you take", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00837-00353752-00354240": "out of it and what you apply right and sometimes some of these uh", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00838-00354240-00354600": "tweets or instagram posts they're kind of like uh maps", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00839-00354600-00354928": "reminders prompts that show up that tell us okay this is the path", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00840-00354928-00355296": "and whether or not we choose to take it is up to us", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00841-00355296-00355688": "that's a good reminder because a lot of times we see these uh inspirational", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00842-00355688-00355952": "quotes online it's more like a reminder or not", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00843-00355952-00356407": "replacement for therapy and that's where you know you guys all all", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00844-00356407-00356720": "of you are empowered to seek help uh look for a", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00845-00356720-00356935": "therapist that's right for you and do your research", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00846-00356935-00357304": "before you go into it thank you so much for bonnie", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00847-00357304-00357735": "um this was a great stream that we have covered some of the questions", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00848-00357735-00358088": "unfortunately we weren't able to cover all the questions", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00849-00358088-00358455": "but um if there's something that all of you enjoy and wish to see", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00850-00358455-00358888": "more on the monthly live stream and want us to do a part two", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00851-00358888-00359240": "of a ask the therapist let us know at the end of the livestream thank you so", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00852-00359240-00359720": "much for bonnie again and hopefully everyone will are doing", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00853-00359720-00360152": "well and have a great day thank you bonnie i'll see you guys", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00854-00360152-00361583": "next time see ya bye now", "2VI-25Ln8Ng-00855-00364383-00364592": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "2VIYi4zAVvy", "text": {"2VIYi4zAVvy-00000-00000470-00000617": "- [Michael] Good afternoon.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00001-00000617-00000766": "- [Audience] Good afternoon.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00002-00000766-00000857": "- Hello and welcome.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00003-00000857-00001009": "My name is Michael DiNapoli,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00004-00001009-00001160": "and I'm a Senior Policy Advisor", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00005-00001160-00001365": "with the Learning Policy Institute.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00006-00001365-00001710": "LPI is a non-profit and non-partisan organization", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00007-00001710-00001966": "that conducts independent, high quality,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00008-00001966-00002301": "educated related research in the areas of educator quality,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00009-00002301-00002637": "whole child education, early childhood education,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00010-00002637-00002832": "equitable resource and access,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00011-00002832-00003035": "and accountability and improvement.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00012-00003035-00003278": "Part of our mission is to work with advocates,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00013-00003278-00003518": "and policymakers like you to bridge research", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00014-00003518-00003750": "and policies in ways that advance equitable", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00015-00003750-00004046": "and empowering learning for each and every child.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00016-00004046-00004172": "I would like to thank everyone", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00017-00004172-00004311": "for attending today's briefing,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00018-00004311-00004465": "and supporting a well prepared", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00019-00004465-00004680": "and diverse educator workforce.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00020-00004680-00004885": "Thank you as well to our congressional co-host,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00021-00004885-00005145": "Senator Cory Booker from New Jersey,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00022-00005145-00005274": "Congressman Donald Norcross", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00023-00005274-00005474": "from New Jersey's First Congressional District,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00024-00005474-00005718": "the Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00025-00005718-00005874": "the Congressional Black Caucus,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00026-00005874-00006042": "and the Congressional Hispanic Caucus.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00027-00006042-00006216": "Thank you as well to the wonderful staffs", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00028-00006216-00006534": "for their ongoing efforts on this important issue.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00029-00006534-00006683": "We would also like to recognize", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00030-00006683-00006859": "and thank our event co-sponsors,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00031-00006859-00007080": "the Branch Alliance for Educator Diversity,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00032-00007080-00007262": "the Center for American Progress,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00033-00007262-00007497": "the National Black Child Development Institute,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00034-00007497-00007754": "the Southern Education Foundation, Teach Plus,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00035-00007754-00007870": "and UNITAS US.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00036-00007955-00008180": "Research tells us that all students benefit", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00037-00008180-00008333": "from having teachers of color.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00038-00008333-00008456": "And we know that teachers of color", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00039-00008456-00008705": "help close achievement gaps for students of color,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00040-00008705-00008912": "particularly in high poverty environments,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00041-00008912-00009125": "yet our teacher workforce does not reflect", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00042-00009125-00009306": "the growing diversity of our nation.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00043-00009306-00009538": "Today, people of color represent about 40%", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00044-00009538-00009697": "of our nation's population,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00045-00009697-00009891": "and 50% of our nation's student body,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00046-00009891-00010202": "but only 20% of our teacher workforce.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00047-00010202-00010395": "We also know that teachers of color", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00048-00010395-00010569": "encounter unique barriers to entering", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00049-00010569-00010736": "the teaching profession,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00050-00010736-00010994": "and continuing to teach for the long haul.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00051-00010994-00011187": "One of the barriers to entering the profession,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00052-00011187-00011461": "and doing so through a high quality pathway", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00053-00011461-00011735": "is the barrier of college affordability.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00054-00011735-00011945": "While the high cost of college discourages students", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00055-00011945-00012262": "in general from pursuing low paying careers, like education,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00056-00012262-00012551": "research shows it's especially true for students of color", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00057-00012551-00012693": "who are more likely to report", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00058-00012693-00013063": "that student debt influences their career choices.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00059-00013063-00013382": "Fortunately, a variety of federal and state policies,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00060-00013382-00013571": "practices and programs", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00061-00013571-00013858": "hold promise in supporting high quality pathways", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00062-00013858-00014030": "into the teaching profession.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00063-00014030-00014301": "These approaches include reducing the financial burden", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00064-00014301-00014472": "of post secondary education", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00065-00014472-00014635": "so that teacher candidates can afford", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00066-00014635-00014847": "the rigorous teacher preparation programs", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00067-00014847-00015103": "that provide the extensive clinical experiences", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00068-00015103-00015321": "that improve teacher effectiveness,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00069-00015321-00015632": "and retention, especially in high needs schools.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00070-00015632-00015737": "During this briefing,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00071-00015737-00015922": "we will discuss the importance of a well prepared,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00072-00015922-00016063": "and diverse teacher workforce,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00073-00016063-00016296": "the impact of college affordability", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00074-00016296-00016447": "on the diverse teacher workforce,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00075-00016447-00016684": "high quality pathways into the profession,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00076-00016684-00016836": "and the federal and state policies", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00077-00016836-00016989": "that can support a well prepared", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00078-00016989-00017204": "and diverse teacher workforce.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00079-00017204-00017487": "We are honored to begin our briefing with opening remarks", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00080-00017487-00017751": "from Dr. Mark Teoh, Senior National Director", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00081-00017751-00017971": "of Research and Knowledge for Teach Plus.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00082-00017971-00018250": "Dr. Teoh is a former high school history teacher,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00083-00018250-00018601": "having taught for six years in both Texas and Pennsylvania.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00084-00018601-00018800": "He's also been a district administrator,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00085-00018800-00019080": "working in the human resources and academic departments", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00086-00019080-00019241": "of the Boston Public Schools,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00087-00019241-00019423": "and serving as the executive director", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00088-00019423-00019654": "of research, evaluation, assessment", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00089-00019654-00019891": "and development in Seattle Public Schools.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00090-00019891-00020234": "Last month, Teach Plus and the Education Trust", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00091-00020234-00020512": "released the report \"If you listen, we will stay.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00092-00020512-00020648": "\"Why teachers of color leave", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00093-00020648-00020860": "\"and how to disrupt teacher turnover.\"", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00094-00020860-00021199": "Dr. Teoh, his research partners at the Education Trust,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00095-00021341-00021527": "and those who contributed to the research,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00096-00021527-00021740": "and the teacher leaders from Teach Plus are giving us", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00097-00021740-00022009": "a better understanding of what schools, districts,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00098-00022009-00022232": "and states can do to better support", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00099-00022232-00022375": "and retain teachers of color.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00100-00022375-00022561": "Please welcome Dr. Teoh.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00101-00022561-00022861": "(audience applauds)", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00102-00023543-00023644": "- Thank you, Michael.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00103-00023644-00023817": "And thank you to our congressional sponsors,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00104-00023817-00024088": "Senator Booker and Congressman Norcross,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00105-00024088-00024301": "and to all of our co-hosts,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00106-00024301-00024558": "particularly the Learning Policy Institute,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00107-00024558-00024840": "who brought us together and are doing field leading work", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00108-00024840-00024958": "to extend the research", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00109-00024958-00025323": "and knowledge base for improving policy in practice.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00110-00025470-00025725": "Today, we have the opportunity to discuss", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00111-00025725-00026047": "and learn from one another why and what we can", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00112-00026047-00026364": "and frankly should, be doing to provide all of our children", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00113-00026364-00026506": "with a high quality education,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00114-00026506-00026870": "and ensure that they have access to great teachers.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00115-00026870-00027160": "Research affirms what we know to be true", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00116-00027160-00027341": "about the importance of a teacher", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00117-00027341-00027638": "in a child's education and growth.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00118-00027638-00027808": "The research and practice communities", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00119-00027808-00028130": "are also amassing compelling evidence that shows", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00120-00028130-00028459": "that a high quality teaching workforce is a diverse one.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00121-00028569-00028856": "So let's talk about what that workforce looks like.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00122-00028856-00029076": "While our children, our students", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00123-00029220-00029433": "reflect the diversity that is our country,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00124-00029433-00029592": "our teachers do not.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00125-00029702-00029943": "In our schools today, students of color make up", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00126-00029943-00030124": "a little more than half of all students,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00127-00030124-00030305": "and yet just one in five teachers", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00128-00030305-00030477": "identifies as a person of color.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00129-00030567-00030830": "We've observed over the past decade", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00130-00030830-00031086": "that the percent of teachers of color in our schools", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00131-00031086-00031300": "has been slowly rising.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00132-00031300-00031587": "But we also knew that teachers of color are more likely", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00133-00031587-00031900": "to leave teaching when compared to their white counterparts.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00134-00032063-00032370": "What's contributing to this persistent", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00135-00032370-00032652": "lack of diversity among our teachers?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00136-00032652-00032931": "I encourage you to read LPI's research", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00137-00032931-00033267": "which details the systemic and personal barriers", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00138-00033267-00033565": "that serve as deterrence for more people of color", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00139-00033565-00033800": "from entering into teaching.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00140-00033800-00034132": "To illustrate, teachers of color face unique barriers", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00141-00034132-00034344": "to entry and staying in the profession.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00142-00034344-00034632": "Teachers of color are more likely to enter teaching", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00143-00034632-00034909": "through alternative pathways due to the high cost", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00144-00034909-00035135": "of traditional teacher preparation programs,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00145-00035135-00035459": "and the debt burden faced by college students of color.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00146-00035587-00035766": "Lower quality pathways can result", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00147-00035766-00036178": "in less teacher effectiveness and high turnover rates.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00148-00036178-00036441": "Research shows that candidates who receive", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00149-00036441-00036899": "comprehensive preparation are two to three times more likely", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00150-00036899-00037194": "to stay in teaching than those who receive little training.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00151-00037300-00037604": "Policymakers need to have a dual focus on recruitment", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00152-00037604-00037798": "and retention of teachers of color,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00153-00037798-00038141": "and college affordability and loan burdens", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00154-00038141-00038309": "play a large role in both.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00155-00038439-00038748": "Why does preparation, support and retention matter?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00156-00038861-00039197": "Constantly replacing teachers reduces continuity", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00157-00039197-00039280": "in the classroom,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00158-00039280-00039507": "and especially in high turnover schools.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00159-00039507-00039712": "Filling empty slots with inexperienced", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00160-00039712-00040033": "or under qualified teachers has a negative impact", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00161-00040033-00040133": "on student learning.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00162-00040541-00040667": "Research shows that teachers", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00163-00040667-00040969": "who go through high quality pathways are more effective", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00164-00040969-00041214": "and stay in the profession longer.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00165-00041214-00041354": "There are a number of solutions", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00166-00041354-00041510": "that we're gonna hear about today.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00167-00041510-00041772": "A number of them will focus on barriers to entry", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00168-00041772-00041869": "into the profession,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00169-00041869-00042137": "including through high quality pathways,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00170-00042137-00042474": "solutions such as loan forgiveness and service scholarships", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00171-00042474-00042761": "can support the training of diverse school leaders", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00172-00042761-00042994": "who can implement the structures", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00173-00042994-00043159": "and cultures that are necessary", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00174-00043159-00043320": "to support teachers of color.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00175-00043528-00043686": "Although diversifying the profession", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00176-00043686-00043924": "through college affordability and high quality pathways", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00177-00043924-00044104": "are the main focus of this briefing,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00178-00044205-00044369": "it is important to note that these efforts", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00179-00044369-00044659": "should be paired with retention efforts.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00180-00044659-00044904": "Teach Plus, in partnership with the Education Trust", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00181-00044904-00045192": "recently released a report \"If you listen, we will stay.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00182-00045192-00045306": "\"Why teachers of color leave,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00183-00045306-00045538": "\"and how to disrupt teacher turnover.\"", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00184-00045538-00045830": "To better understand teacher of color turnover,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00185-00045830-00046103": "we talked to 88 teachers of color across the country,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00186-00046103-00046414": "and conducted case studies with schools and districts", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00187-00046414-00046619": "that have created school cultures, practices", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00188-00046619-00046949": "and policies that support teachers of color.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00189-00046949-00047180": "We have been learning that there are practices", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00190-00047180-00047461": "and policies that if enacted can support", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00191-00047461-00047746": "retaining a diverse educator workforce,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00192-00047746-00048246": "such as creating culturally affirming school environments,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00193-00048372-00048697": "ensuring school policies that affirm teachers humanity", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00194-00048697-00048931": "and racial identities,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00195-00048931-00049241": "supporting, empowering and investing in teachers.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00196-00049241-00049487": "This includes new teacher mentorship that intentionally", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00197-00049487-00049804": "focuses on the teacher of color experience.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00198-00049903-00050137": "And having school and district,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00199-00050137-00050303": "and state priorities that are reflected", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00200-00050303-00050490": "in the hiring, compensation", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00201-00050490-00050798": "and incentive practices of their agencies.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00202-00051100-00051444": "Changing and improving school culture is difficult,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00203-00051444-00051659": "no doubt about it.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00204-00051659-00052053": "It takes time, leadership, resources and collective will.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00205-00052152-00052358": "But what we observed in our case studies", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00206-00052358-00052541": "is that it is absolutely,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00207-00052541-00052834": "and unequivocably, it can be done.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00208-00052927-00053052": "What does this look like?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00209-00053144-00053337": "As one school leader told me,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00210-00053337-00053671": "\"Schools need to be made safe and welcoming environments", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00211-00053671-00053794": "\"for teachers of color.\"", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00212-00053886-00054164": "That clearly has plenty of implications", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00213-00054164-00054334": "that we've shared in our research.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00214-00054476-00054654": "We can also be paying attention to district", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00215-00054654-00054824": "and state policies and practices", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00216-00054824-00055223": "that if addressed could support a more diverse workforce.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00217-00055339-00055605": "Here is an easy to-do for those of you who are interested", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00218-00055605-00055830": "in the state and district piece of this work.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00219-00055977-00056304": "Go visit your state education agency's website,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00220-00056304-00056585": "or your district's website if you will,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00221-00056585-00056965": "find out what they report on teacher retention rates.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00222-00056965-00057162": "Find out if they report on the retention", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00223-00057162-00057278": "of teachers of color.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00224-00057429-00057677": "If this is so important to policymakers,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00225-00057677-00057850": "and educational leaders,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00226-00057850-00058151": "shouldn't we be measuring it and reporting on it?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00227-00058291-00058561": "Think about what school district and state leaders", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00228-00058561-00058772": "can learn if they had a robust system", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00229-00058772-00059003": "to collect school climate survey data,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00230-00059003-00059209": "exit interviews and surveys,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00231-00059209-00059492": "and state and district reports on teacher retention.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00232-00059696-00059936": "Think about what we'd learn if that information", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00233-00059936-00060187": "was desegregated by race and ethnicity,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00234-00060187-00060388": "or other measures of teacher diversity.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00235-00060598-00060717": "Culture is hard work.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00236-00060848-00061029": "Some of these data and reporting practices", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00237-00061029-00061207": "can be in comparison,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00238-00061207-00061524": "low hanging fruit and easy first steps to take", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00239-00061524-00061666": "and can be powerful tools", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00240-00061666-00061901": "for crafting future policies and practices.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00241-00062055-00062288": "Today, Congress has a unique opportunity", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00242-00062288-00062575": "to directly support a well prepared and diverse", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00243-00062575-00062799": "educator workforce through the reauthorization", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00244-00062799-00062980": "of the higher education act.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00245-00062980-00063189": "Several federal policy levels could address", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00246-00063189-00063494": "many of the barriers to entry that are widely recognized", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00247-00063494-00063734": "as contributing to this lack of diversity", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00248-00063734-00063946": "in our teaching workforce.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00249-00063946-00064249": "Desiree and the panel will discuss these opportunities,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00250-00064249-00064562": "including service scholarships and loan forgiveness,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00251-00064562-00064921": "teacher residencies, grow your own programs,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00252-00064921-00065116": "inclusive admissions policies,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00253-00065116-00065329": "course articulation agreements,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00254-00065329-00065552": "and ongoing mentorship and support.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00255-00065655-00065759": "Thank you.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00256-00065759-00066059": "(audience applauds)", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00257-00066376-00066489": "- Thank you, Mark.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00258-00066489-00066662": "I would now like to welcome my colleague", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00259-00066662-00066984": "Desiree Carver-Thomas, Research and Policy Analyst", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00260-00066984-00067249": "for the Learning Policy Institute for a presentation", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00261-00067249-00067409": "on how supporting a well prepared,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00262-00067409-00067638": "and diverse educator workforce.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00263-00067638-00067805": "Desiree is the author of the report,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00264-00067805-00067976": "\"Diversifying the teacher profession,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00265-00067976-00068213": "\"how to recruit and retain teachers of color,\"", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00266-00068213-00068372": "which we will shortly learn more about", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00267-00068372-00068521": "in her presentation.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00268-00068521-00068735": "Desiree is also a former educator,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00269-00068735-00068930": "having taught in New York City public schools", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00270-00068930-00069064": "for five years.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00271-00069064-00069260": "As a graduate student, she consulted", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00272-00069260-00069514": "with the San Francisco Juvenile Probation Department", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00273-00069514-00069759": "on strategies for diverting recidivism,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00274-00069759-00070078": "and with the West Contra Costa Unified School District", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00275-00070078-00070235": "on implementing a full service,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00276-00070235-00070386": "community schools initiative.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00277-00070386-00070672": "She also conducted similar work with the City of Richmond.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00278-00070672-00070821": "Please welcome Desiree.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00279-00070821-00071121": "(audience applauds)", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00280-00071375-00071480": "- Thank you, Michael.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00281-00071590-00071760": "So good afternoon everyone.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00282-00071760-00071844": "As Michael said,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00283-00071844-00072013": "today I'll be talking about the report", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00284-00072013-00072234": "that I authored called \"Diversifying the teacher,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00285-00072234-00072372": "\"the teaching profession,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00286-00072372-00072669": "\"how to recruit and retain teachers of color.\"", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00287-00072786-00073051": "In recent years, there have been a host of studies", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00288-00073051-00073184": "on teacher diversity,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00289-00073184-00073446": "and what this report attempted to do is to summarize", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00290-00073446-00073649": "some of those key findings.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00291-00073649-00073836": "So today I'll start with an overview", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00292-00073836-00074030": "of what the teacher workforce looks like,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00293-00074030-00074251": "and why teacher diversity matters.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00294-00074251-00074478": "I'll talk about the barriers to recruiting", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00295-00074478-00074622": "and retaining teachers of color,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00296-00074622-00074805": "and finally some solutions that can help", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00297-00074805-00074957": "to mitigate those barriers.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00298-00075093-00075420": "So what do we know about teachers of color in the workforce?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00299-00075420-00075705": "Based on a nationally representative survey,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00300-00075705-00075874": "the schools and staffing survey,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00301-00075874-00076074": "we see that teachers of color have increased", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00302-00076074-00076484": "from 12% to 20% of the teaching profession", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00303-00076484-00076720": "between 1987 and 2015.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00304-00076829-00077101": "While the overall proportion of teachers of color", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00305-00077101-00077376": "is increasing, we can also see that", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00306-00077376-00077617": "the proportion of Native American and African American", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00307-00077617-00077846": "teachers is in decline.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00308-00077846-00078181": "Some promising news is that one in four new teachers", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00309-00078181-00078296": "is a teacher of color,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00310-00078296-00078738": "compared to just 10% of those teachers in 1987.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00311-00078738-00079023": "However, high turnover rates can undermine that growth", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00312-00079023-00079179": "which I will talk about soon.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00313-00079361-00079629": "So this matters, because all students benefit", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00314-00079629-00079931": "from a racially diverse teacher workforce.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00315-00079931-00080244": "Teachers of color fill hard to staff positions.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00316-00080244-00080521": "Three in four teachers of color teach in the schools", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00317-00080521-00080677": "serving the most students of color,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00318-00080677-00080878": "schools that tend to be under resourced,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00319-00080878-00081204": "and where shortages can be ongoing.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00320-00081204-00081409": "They also boost academic performance.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00321-00081409-00081630": "We see higher math and reading scores,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00322-00081630-00081881": "higher graduation rates among students of color", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00323-00081881-00082031": "who've had a teacher of color.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00324-00082131-00082302": "We see improved attendance rates,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00325-00082302-00082579": "such as lower chronic absenteeism.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00326-00082579-00082863": "And teachers of color influence school climate.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00327-00082863-00083252": "We see lower rates of suspensions and expulsions.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00328-00083404-00083647": "There's research that suggests that teachers of color", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00329-00083647-00083941": "can improve the satisfaction of other teachers of color,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00330-00083941-00084378": "so that having a more diverse workforce in a school setting", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00331-00084378-00084628": "can lower turnover rates among teachers of color", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00332-00084628-00084963": "and improve school stability for students.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00333-00084963-00085197": "And finally teachers of color offer benefits", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00334-00085197-00085390": "to all students in a school.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00335-00085477-00085824": "There's research showing that students, regardless of race,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00336-00085824-00086076": "are more likely to report feeling cared for,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00337-00086076-00086227": "and academically challenged", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00338-00086227-00086405": "when they've had a teacher of color,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00339-00086405-00086647": "and all students can benefit from developing", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00340-00086647-00086931": "the dispositions to live and work in a global", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00341-00086931-00087046": "and diverse society", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00342-00087046-00087395": "when they've had diverse role models in childhood.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00343-00087591-00087822": "However, there are barriers to recruiting,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00344-00087822-00087950": "and retaining teachers of color", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00345-00087950-00088167": "which is what I'll talk about next.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00346-00088167-00088341": "First step is the cost of college.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00347-00088341-00088582": "About two thirds, more than two thirds", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00348-00088582-00088881": "of individuals entering the teaching profession", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00349-00088881-00089306": "borrow money in order to pay for their higher education", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00350-00089306-00089669": "which amounts to an average debt load of about $20,000", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00351-00089669-00089799": "for those with a bachelor's degree,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00352-00089799-00090207": "and $50,000 for those with a master's.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00353-00090207-00090379": "And as Michael said earlier,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00354-00090379-00090638": "the rising cost of college", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00355-00090638-00090915": "discourages college students in general,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00356-00090915-00091232": "from pursuing lower paying careers like teaching.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00357-00091232-00091616": "But this is especially true for college students of color", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00358-00091616-00091823": "who are more likely to report", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00359-00091823-00092065": "that their college debt influenced their career", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00360-00092065-00092239": "and education choices.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00361-00092410-00092712": "This graph shows the proportion of undergraduates", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00362-00092712-00093137": "and graduate students who are borrowing $30,000 or more", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00363-00093137-00093264": "for an undergraduate degree,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00364-00093264-00093646": "$50,000 or more for a master's degree.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00365-00093646-00094027": "And as you can see, African American college students", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00366-00094027-00094383": "are far more likely to borrow at those high levels,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00367-00094383-00094673": "and these debts balloon over time.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00368-00094910-00095365": "So, black college students owe far more at graduation,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00369-00095365-00095690": "but then even more years after graduation.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00370-00095690-00096106": "Almost $25000 more four years after graduation,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00371-00096106-00096496": "more than $43000 more than white college students", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00372-00096496-00096756": "12 years after graduation.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00373-00096756-00096977": "Latino students borrow about the same", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00374-00096977-00097100": "as white college students,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00375-00097100-00097475": "but their loan default rates are about twice as high,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00376-00097475-00097775": "suggesting that even the same debt amount", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00377-00097775-00098076": "represents a greater relative burden.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00378-00098076-00098234": "So it's not hard to imagine", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00379-00098234-00098496": "that college students of color might be pursuing", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00380-00098496-00098814": "better paying job opportunities when this is the debt", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00381-00098814-00098956": "that they're leaving school with,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00382-00098956-00099356": "especially considering that beginning teachers nationally", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00383-00099356-00099733": "earn 20% less than college graduates in other fields,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00384-00099733-00099968": "and 30% less by mid career.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00385-00100213-00100566": "The TEACH Grant program is one tool that can be used", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00386-00100566-00100912": "to address the college cost barrier.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00387-00100912-00101216": "It offers scholarships of $4000 per year", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00388-00101216-00101477": "for undergraduates and graduates who will teach", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00389-00101477-00101875": "a high need subject in a high poverty school for four years.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00390-00102010-00102362": "So this graph shows that the TEACH Grant award", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00391-00102362-00102770": "has remained constant at $4000 per year", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00392-00102770-00103008": "since the grant's inception in 2008.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00393-00103008-00103205": "That's the solid blue line.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00394-00103205-00103491": "However, the value of that grant amount", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00395-00103491-00103783": "has actually degraded over time,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00396-00103783-00103972": "and there are two reasons for that.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00397-00103972-00104224": "One is that, that $4000 award", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00398-00104224-00104449": "has not kept up with inflation.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00399-00104449-00104792": "And two, is that because of federal budget cuts", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00400-00104792-00105044": "that $4000 amount hasn't always been available.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00401-00105044-00105260": "In fact in some years,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00402-00105260-00105623": "eligible candidates have received hundreds of dollars less", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00403-00105623-00105840": "than that $4000 amount.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00404-00105840-00106113": "Meanwhile, you can see that college costs", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00405-00106113-00106253": "are steadily increasing,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00406-00106253-00106683": "that is the cost of tuition, fees, room and board,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00407-00106683-00106976": "even after accounting for the average grant amount", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00408-00106976-00107454": "that candidates or applicants would be receiving.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00409-00107454-00107742": "And let's remember that black college students", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00410-00107742-00107977": "are borrowing far more than the average.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00411-00107977-00108234": "So this gap between the award,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00412-00108234-00108664": "and the costs could be even greater for those students.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00413-00109105-00109390": "So, another note to make is that research shows", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00414-00109390-00109791": "that scholarships like this are most effective", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00415-00109791-00110106": "when they cover a substantial portion of the costs", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00416-00110106-00110441": "of preparation which the TEACH Grant doesn't currently do", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00417-00110441-00110743": "and it's actually getting further away from.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00418-00110743-00110864": "So here's the thing,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00419-00110864-00111280": "high debt load can prevent students from entering teaching", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00420-00111280-00111547": "even if they had intended to do so", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00421-00111547-00111690": "when they entered college.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00422-00111690-00111916": "This is especially true for candidates of color.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00423-00111916-00112129": "It's especially true for those who would go", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00424-00112129-00112353": "into a higher needs school.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00425-00112353-00112706": "So, higher debt is a barrier to entering teaching,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00426-00112706-00113090": "but that combination of higher debt and lower salaries,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00427-00113090-00113368": "especially in higher need schools is a barrier", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00428-00113368-00113540": "to teaching in those schools.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00429-00113673-00113833": "There are also obstacles", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00430-00113833-00114139": "to completing college and preparation.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00431-00114139-00114596": "Only about 40% of college students, nationally,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00432-00114596-00114805": "finish their degrees within four years,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00433-00114805-00115132": "but this is even lower for Black, Latino,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00434-00115132-00115502": "Pacific Islander and Native American college students,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00435-00115502-00115719": "and scholars cite several reasons for this.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00436-00115719-00115889": "Among them, again, college costs", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00437-00115889-00116244": "and having to work while completing your degree,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00438-00116244-00116427": "also transportation difficulties,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00439-00116427-00116642": "having family responsibilities,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00440-00116642-00116868": "experiencing dissatisfaction with the lack", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00441-00116868-00117202": "of faculty diversity or with curriculum,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00442-00117202-00117448": "teacher licensure exams can also be a barrier", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00443-00117448-00117639": "to completing preparation.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00444-00117639-00117823": "An evaluation of the Praxis,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00445-00117823-00118107": "which is a commonly used preparation,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00446-00118107-00118358": "or teacher evaluation,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00447-00118358-00118755": "finds gaps in pass rates as high as 38% by race.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00448-00118755-00118891": "And what's important about this", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00449-00118891-00119148": "is that there's little evidence that these kinds of exams", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00450-00119148-00119533": "accurately and consistently predict teacher effectiveness,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00451-00119533-00119733": "which is what we really care about.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00452-00119733-00119967": "So they're keeping teachers of color out of the field,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00453-00119967-00120108": "but they're not really telling us anything", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00454-00120108-00120364": "about how effective those teachers will be.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00455-00120364-00120767": "Other kinds of evaluations like performance assessments,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00456-00120767-00121229": "the PPAT, the edTPA, the CalTPA in California.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00457-00121229-00121521": "These can be more accurate predictors", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00458-00121521-00121756": "of teacher effectiveness without those same kinds", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00459-00121756-00121964": "of disparate outcomes and pass rates.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00460-00122177-00122454": "Next I'd like to talk about insufficient preparation.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00461-00122558-00122920": "So we know that comprehensive preparation matters.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00462-00122920-00123340": "Teachers who enter the field with little preparation", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00463-00123340-00123755": "are two to thre times more likely to leave teaching", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00464-00123755-00123961": "than those who enter with comprehensive preparation.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00465-00123961-00124155": "And what do I mean by that?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00466-00124155-00124445": "Comprehensive preparation refers to those teachers", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00467-00124445-00124715": "who have experience observing teaching,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00468-00124715-00125068": "they have student taught for at least a full semester,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00469-00125068-00125197": "they've received feedback,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00470-00125197-00125448": "they're taking courses in learning theory,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00471-00125448-00125578": "and teaching methods.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00472-00125663-00125835": "But again, given the cost of college,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00473-00125835-00126005": "it's no surprise that teachers of color", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00474-00126005-00126256": "might opt for a cheaper option", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00475-00126256-00126404": "like alternative certification.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00476-00126404-00126671": "So we see higher alternative certification rates", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00477-00126671-00126808": "among teachers of color.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00478-00126808-00127030": "One in four enter through these pathways,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00479-00127030-00127334": "which is twice the rate of white teachers.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00480-00127334-00127804": "And turnover rates are higher with these pathways,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00481-00127804-00128133": "25% higher according to recent research.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00482-00128133-00128329": "I'd like to note that there is variation", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00483-00128329-00128656": "in the quality of alternative certification programs,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00484-00128656-00128981": "but on average these programs tend to offer less coursework", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00485-00128981-00129339": "and student teaching, if any, before candidates", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00486-00129339-00129676": "begin being responsible for their own students.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00487-00129676-00129973": "Other programs like teacher residencies can help districts", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00488-00129973-00130391": "to fill critical shortage needs, without compromising", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00489-00130391-00130554": "on teacher preparation.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00490-00130554-00130877": "Residents spend an entire year teaching", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00491-00130877-00131098": "in a high needs school, under the guidance", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00492-00131098-00131263": "of a master teacher", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00493-00131263-00131594": "before they ever become responsible for their own class.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00494-00131594-00131821": "Historically black colleges and universities,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00495-00131821-00132146": "and minority serving institutions also play an important", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00496-00132146-00132444": "role in providing high quality teacher preparation", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00497-00132444-00132627": "to candidates of color.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00498-00132848-00133348": "They confer about 12% of Bachelor's of Education degrees", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00499-00133406-00133753": "nationally, and produce an especially high proportion", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00500-00133753-00133978": "of those degrees among candidates of color.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00501-00134158-00134502": "So once a teacher of color has made it into the profession,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00502-00134502-00134865": "challenging teaching conditions can push them out of it.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00503-00135024-00135415": "So teachers of color note accountability pressures,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00504-00135415-00135735": "lack of resources and support in their schools.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00505-00135735-00136002": "There's research showing that teachers of color", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00506-00136002-00136267": "who experience a lack of classroom autonomy,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00507-00136267-00136558": "or school influence are more likely to leave teaching,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00508-00136558-00136668": "and their schools.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00509-00136752-00136973": "They report experiencing racial discrimination", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00510-00136973-00137229": "and stereotyping which can affect", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00511-00137229-00137410": "the kinds of job assignments and workloads", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00512-00137410-00137678": "that they are tasked with.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00513-00137678-00137990": "Things like being pigeon holed as the disciplinarian,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00514-00137990-00138225": "or as the language translator.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00515-00138384-00138663": "Fortunately, there are some promising practices", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00516-00138663-00138814": "that address these barriers", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00517-00138814-00139070": "that I'd like to talk about next.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00518-00139070-00139328": "And the first set of solutions I'd like to talk about", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00519-00139328-00139566": "are high retention pathways into teaching.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00520-00139566-00139825": "So not just recruiting more teachers of color", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00521-00139825-00139947": "into the profession,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00522-00139947-00140212": "but ensuring that they have the preparation they need", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00523-00140212-00140432": "to be successful and stay for the long haul.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00524-00140548-00140819": "So first, service scholarships and loan forgiveness,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00525-00140819-00141036": "like the TEACH Grant program.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00526-00141036-00141245": "A recent correlation study found that", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00527-00141245-00141592": "in districts where these programs were available,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00528-00141592-00141889": "those districts had 25% more teachers of color.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00529-00142009-00142226": "Teacher residencies, again,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00530-00142226-00142417": "residents apprentice with a master teacher", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00531-00142417-00142610": "for an entire school year", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00532-00142610-00143012": "while they complete their degree at a partnering university.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00533-00143012-00143350": "About more than 50% of residents are people of color.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00534-00143350-00143625": "They also tend to have much higher retention rates", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00535-00143625-00143949": "than their peers and are found to be effective teachers.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00536-00143949-00144125": "And what's great about these programs", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00537-00144125-00144320": "is that they often include a stipend,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00538-00144320-00144668": "so that helps to address that college cost barrier.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00539-00144812-00145085": "Grow Your Own programs recruit high school students,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00540-00145085-00145370": "pair professionals, after school program staff,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00541-00145370-00145585": "and other community members into teaching.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00542-00145686-00145869": "Inclusive admissions policies", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00543-00145869-00146113": "can include conditional admissions.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00544-00146113-00146526": "So in Rhode Island they allow teacher preparation programs", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00545-00146526-00146809": "to use a holistic set of criteria", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00546-00146809-00147219": "to admit applicants who may not have met the GPA,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00547-00147219-00147401": "or standardized test requirements,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00548-00147401-00147715": "but those programs commit to providing those candidates", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00549-00147715-00148015": "with the support that they'll need to be effective teachers.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00550-00148161-00148310": "Course articulation agreements,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00551-00148310-00148534": "or what are often called 2 Plus 2 programs", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00552-00148534-00148819": "are partnerships between community colleges,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00553-00148819-00149070": "and four-year institutions.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00554-00149070-00149251": "Candidates can earn their degree,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00555-00149251-00149487": "and credential with considerable savings", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00556-00149487-00149725": "by entering through these kinds of pathways.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00557-00149725-00150035": "These can also be great at helping rural communities", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00558-00150035-00150245": "to grow their teacher workforces.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00559-00150347-00150602": "Finally, ongoing mentorship and support can help", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00560-00150602-00150896": "to address some of those barriers to completing college", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00561-00150896-00151125": "by offering things like peer supports,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00562-00151125-00151608": "career advisement, tutoring, covering the cost of exam fees,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00563-00151608-00151880": "offering test preparation and so on.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00564-00151880-00152094": "And I'd like to offer an example", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00565-00152094-00152389": "of Leeward Community College which is in Oahu.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00566-00152389-00152697": "It serves the largest Native Hawaiian population", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00567-00152697-00152998": "of all University of Hawaii Community Colleges.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00568-00153128-00153427": "And at Leeward they're a 2 Plus 2 program", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00569-00153427-00153692": "that partners with Hawaii universities.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00570-00153692-00153775": "They say this,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00571-00153775-00153973": "\"We understand that life gets in the way sometimes,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00572-00153973-00154249": "\"especially for students from hard to serve communities.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00573-00154249-00154471": "\"We don't water down anything that we do,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00574-00154471-00154693": "\"but we do provide safety nets.\"", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00575-00154865-00155247": "So at Leeward these safety nets include peer mentors,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00576-00155247-00155452": "dedicated counselors and more.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00577-00155700-00155935": "So in addition to high retention pathways,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00578-00155935-00156373": "there are a few other policies I'd like to note briefly.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00579-00156373-00156605": "First up, our data on licensure policies.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00580-00156605-00156963": "By monitoring the diversity of teacher prep programs,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00581-00156963-00157191": "that can help to incentivize those programs", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00582-00157191-00157537": "to better recruit and support their candidates of color.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00583-00157537-00157806": "The Tennessee Report Card is a good example of this.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00584-00157989-00158360": "States can also revisit their licensure policies", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00585-00158360-00158741": "in order to use more accurate performance assessments", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00586-00158741-00158855": "like the edTPA,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00587-00158855-00158973": "which has not been shown to have", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00588-00158973-00159181": "the kind of disparate outcomes in test scores", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00589-00159181-00159431": "as the traditional pencil and paper exams.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00590-00159516-00159841": "There are at least 18 states that currently require", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00591-00159841-00160120": "the use of a performance assessment for licensure,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00592-00160120-00160324": "such as or including the edTPA,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00593-00160324-00160647": "and many more states are exploring this option.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00594-00160753-00161066": "Districts have a role to play in hiring.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00595-00161066-00161311": "They can move their hiring timelines earlier,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00596-00161311-00161658": "which is associated with recruiting more teachers of color.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00597-00161658-00162020": "They can also partner with minority serving institutions", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00598-00162020-00162218": "to recruit more teachers.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00599-00162218-00162432": "They can offer comprehensive induction,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00600-00162432-00162657": "which research has shown is associated", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00601-00162657-00162869": "with higher retention rates.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00602-00162869-00163369": "And finally, school teaching conditions play a critical role", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00603-00163369-00163501": "in teacher retention,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00604-00163501-00163933": "and school leaders in particular, have a significant role", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00605-00163933-00164194": "to play in setting those conditions.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00606-00164194-00164467": "So states and districts can take advantage of federal funds", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00607-00164467-00164958": "to better recruit, prepare, provide induction", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00608-00164958-00165181": "and development supports for new school leaders", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00609-00165181-00165351": "and all school leaders.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00610-00165476-00165653": "There are more details on everything", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00611-00165653-00165942": "that I've talked about today in our report,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00612-00165942-00166165": "which you can find on our website.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00613-00166165-00166338": "And now I'll hand it back to Michael,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00614-00166338-00166536": "who'll be introducing our panel.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00615-00166536-00166632": "Thank you.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00616-00166632-00166932": "(audience applauds)", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00617-00167447-00167753": "- Thank you Desiree for sharing your research with us today.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00618-00167753-00167950": "It's now my pleasure to welcome our panelist", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00619-00167950-00168244": "and moderator for a discussion on why a well prepared,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00620-00168244-00168448": "and diverse educator workforce matters", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00621-00168448-00168654": "and the programs, policies and practices", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00622-00168654-00168908": "that can support state and local efforts.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00623-00168908-00169083": "LaNea Austin is an English teacher,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00624-00169083-00169354": "and gay coordinator at Humanities and Arts Academy", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00625-00169354-00169515": "of Los Angeles, or HArts,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00626-00169515-00169746": "in the Los Angeles Unified School District.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00627-00169746-00169990": "In addition to teaching English for 15 years,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00628-00169990-00170177": "she holds leadership positions at HArts,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00629-00170177-00170301": "including working as a member", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00630-00170301-00170604": "of the Instructional Committee, as Senior Class Advisor,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00631-00170604-00170792": "and as a proud sponsor of the DREAM Club,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00632-00170792-00170932": "and Black Student Union.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00633-00170932-00171183": "Miss Austin is also a social justice leader,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00634-00171183-00171366": "whose work in education advocacy", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00635-00171366-00171593": "began as a Teach Plus Teaching Fellow.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00636-00171593-00171754": "Miss Austin contributed to the report,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00637-00171754-00171910": "\"If you listen we will stay,\"", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00638-00171910-00172115": "and is a national writing project fellow.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00639-00172201-00172590": "Khalilahh Harris is the managing director of K-12 policy", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00640-00172590-00172789": "at the Center for American Progress.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00641-00172789-00173012": "Prior to her role at CAP, Miss Harris founded", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00642-00173012-00173273": "a Baltimore City School focused on social justice,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00643-00173273-00173528": "and co-founded a local community collaborative,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00644-00173528-00173793": "called The Coalition of Black Leaders in Education.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00645-00173793-00174086": "She organizes, nationally, with the EduColor movement,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00646-00174086-00174303": "and served as the first deputy director", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00647-00174303-00174564": "of the White House Initiative on Educational Excellence", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00648-00174564-00174712": "for African Americans.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00649-00174712-00174913": "While working under the Obama administration,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00650-00174913-00175126": "Harris also managed the Diversity and Inclusion", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00651-00175126-00175237": "in Government Council,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00652-00175237-00175449": "and implemented the first White House Summit", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00653-00175449-00175672": "on Diversity and Inclusion in Government.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00654-00175855-00176119": "Dr. Cassandra Herring is the President", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00655-00176119-00176470": "and Chief Executive Officer of the Branch Alliance", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00656-00176470-00176745": "for Educator Diversity, or BranchED.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00657-00176745-00177039": "BranchED is a national effort to maximize programming,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00658-00177039-00177307": "and drive innovation to prepare highly effective", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00659-00177307-00177546": "diverse educators for all learners.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00660-00177546-00177848": "Prior to leading BranchED, Dr herring served as the Dean", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00661-00177848-00178109": "of the School of Education and Human Development,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00662-00178109-00178247": "at Hampton University,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00663-00178247-00178532": "where she transforms struggling education programs.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00664-00178532-00178724": "Dr. Herring has also served on national", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00665-00178724-00179022": "and international boards, including serving as chair", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00666-00179022-00179357": "of the HBCU Academic Deans of Education Council,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00667-00179357-00179606": "and as a member of both Dean's for Impact,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00668-00179606-00179847": "and the advisory board for The Jandris Center", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00669-00179847-00180091": "for Innovation Higher Education.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00670-00180091-00180292": "Our moderator, Amalia Chamorro", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00671-00180292-00180597": "is the Associate Director of Education Policy", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00672-00180597-00180680": "at the educated,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00673-00180680-00180770": "She is the Associate Director", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00674-00180770-00181046": "of the Education Policy Project at UnidosUS.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00675-00181046-00181422": "In this role, she leads UnidosUS's education policy work,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00676-00181422-00181640": "where she focuses on closing achievement gaps", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00677-00181640-00181871": "and advancing equity for Latino students", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00678-00181871-00182036": "and English language learners.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00679-00182036-00182234": "She is a former English language learner,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00680-00182234-00182478": "and a daughter of two public school teachers.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00681-00182478-00182770": "Prior to joining UnidosUS, Amalia was Vice President", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00682-00182770-00183067": "of Public Policy at United Way Bay Area", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00683-00183067-00183376": "and served in governmental and legislative affairs roles", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00684-00183376-00183593": "for the California Restaurant Association", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00685-00183593-00183831": "and the University of California Student Association.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00686-00183831-00184073": "Please welcome our moderator and panel.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00687-00184073-00184373": "(audience applauds)", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00688-00186040-00186440": "- Hopefully everyone (mumbles).", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00689-00186571-00186832": "Hopefully everyone enjoyed your lunch", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00690-00186832-00187077": "and you're not getting that after lunch lol.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00691-00187180-00187454": "But I'm here to moderate a conversation", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00692-00187574-00187914": "with our esteemed panel and I really want to thank LPI", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00693-00187914-00188295": "for not only putting together a very diverse panel", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00694-00188295-00188607": "on the topic of teacher diversity,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00695-00188607-00189013": "but also for bringing you all together to engage with us on,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00696-00189013-00189275": "to elevate this important topic and how not only", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00697-00189275-00189529": "does it affect teachers and future teachers", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00698-00189529-00189914": "but also students in the classroom.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00699-00189914-00190373": "And so, we are going to have some time at the end", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00700-00190373-00190482": "for some Q&A.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00701-00190482-00190750": "So as you hear from our panelists,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00702-00190940-00191332": "when you get an idea for a question, write it down", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00703-00191332-00191547": "because we'll definitely wanna make time for you", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00704-00191547-00191830": "to be able to engage with our speakers.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00705-00191830-00192088": "So with that, we're gonna get started.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00706-00192220-00192720": "And my first question is actually going to be for LaNea,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00707-00192881-00193057": "to my left.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00708-00193057-00193158": "Okay.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00709-00193158-00193298": "- Can everybody hear me?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00710-00193298-00193382": "- I think you need to press there.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00711-00193382-00193465": "- It's set, okay.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00712-00193581-00193664": "All right.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00713-00193664-00193786": "- Is it working? - Yeah, I think it's working.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00714-00193786-00194019": "- All right, so.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00715-00194019-00194294": "So we know that the research tells us how important it is", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00716-00194294-00194525": "to have a diverse teaching workforce", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00717-00194525-00194926": "for academic achievement for students.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00718-00194926-00195321": "But we also know as we heard from Diseree's presentation,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00719-00195321-00195766": "and from Mark too that the rising cost of college tuition", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00720-00195766-00196019": "also discourages college students in general", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00721-00196019-00196442": "from pursuing lower paying careers like teaching.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00722-00196442-00196618": "And it also shows that this is especially true", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00723-00196618-00196768": "for students of color", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00724-00196768-00197026": "who are more likely to report that student debt", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00725-00197026-00197363": "influences their career choices", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00726-00197363-00197670": "and their interest and ability to be actually able", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00727-00197670-00197845": "to go into the teaching profession.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00728-00197944-00198249": "Further as the report that you helped to write,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00729-00198249-00198641": "\"If you listen, we will stay\" rightly points out,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00730-00198641-00198817": "we live in a country of wealth inequality", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00731-00198817-00199062": "that cuts across racial lines.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00732-00199062-00199413": "In your work as a high school English teacher,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00733-00199413-00199572": "and thank you for the work that you do", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00734-00199572-00199800": "and for staying in the teaching profession", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00735-00199800-00200058": "and sponsor of the dream Club which we'd love to hear", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00736-00200058-00200435": "more about whose focus is community service,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00737-00200435-00200674": "do you have students who have expressed interest", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00738-00200674-00201112": "in teaching, but are concerned that the high college cost", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00739-00201112-00201450": "would prevent them from going into that career choice", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00740-00201450-00201751": "with the amount of loan that they would have to take on?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00741-00201881-00202381": "- So, in my experience working with students,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00742-00202409-00202867": "really, what they consider when they go into teaching", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00743-00202867-00203210": "is their experiences that they've had as students.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00744-00203210-00203652": "So many of them don't select careers in teaching", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00745-00203652-00204152": "because they've had to deal with a range of issues", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00746-00204201-00204631": "being students; not only income gaps but achievement gaps.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00747-00204631-00204915": "And a lot of these have affected their outlook", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00748-00204915-00205140": "on the career as a whole.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00749-00205140-00205409": "So, with the students that I teach,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00750-00205409-00205637": "which are predominantly black,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00751-00205730-00206037": "Latino students or students in the Latinx community,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00752-00206037-00206382": "and Pacific Islander students, many of them,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00753-00206504-00206675": "they want to get into education", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00754-00206675-00206896": "in order to change the status quo.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00755-00206896-00207227": "They've experienced systemic racism.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00756-00207227-00207460": "They've experienced racial animus.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00757-00207460-00207788": "They've experienced just all the prejudices", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00758-00207788-00207932": "that go along with that.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00759-00207932-00208194": "And so they wanna make a better reality", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00760-00208194-00208492": "for other students in the future.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00761-00208578-00208992": "I have a student, Ivory who recently shared with me", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00762-00208992-00209330": "that she wanted to go to college and become a teacher.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00763-00209330-00209615": "And she asked me, \"Well, what should I major in", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00764-00209615-00209839": "\"if I want to become a teacher?\"", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00765-00209839-00210058": "In California, you can't major", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00766-00210058-00210415": "in your undergraduate studies in teaching.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00767-00210415-00210794": "So I said, \"Well what are you interested in?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00768-00210794-00210955": "\"What are you interested in studying?\"", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00769-00210955-00211403": "And she said, \"Well, I think I wanna teach History,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00770-00211403-00211736": "\"because I didn't learn a lot about my own history", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00771-00211736-00211948": "\"as a student in high school.\"", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00772-00211948-00212156": "She said, \"I didn't learn about what it was like", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00773-00212156-00212365": "\"to be a Chicana in America.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00774-00212365-00212694": "\"And so I wanna teach students like me", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00775-00212694-00213141": "\"so I can give them that experience that I didn't have.\"", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00776-00213141-00213641": "So that's what I mainly hear from students in my position.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00777-00213679-00214048": "So I think in my work with to Teach Plus,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00778-00214048-00214358": "I have had the pleasure of hearing presentations", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00779-00214358-00214563": "about Pathway programs such as the ones", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00780-00214563-00214764": "that Desiree talked about.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00781-00214764-00214946": "And I think that those would be beneficial", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00782-00214946-00215306": "to helping support our students whose mind frames", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00783-00215306-00215717": "are not always on how much money is this career's gonna pay?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00784-00215717-00215971": "'Cause really, they just wanna be change agents.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00785-00216111-00216400": "But they definitely will need that financial support", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00786-00216400-00216605": "getting through college programs", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00787-00216605-00217042": "because it's very difficult to take a year off to study", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00788-00217042-00217417": "to be a teacher when you have a family,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00789-00217417-00217723": "or when you have to support yourself through college.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00790-00217814-00217980": "- [Amalia] Could you just tell us a little bit", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00791-00217980-00218204": "about the dream club and how that ties into the work", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00792-00218204-00218539": "that you do in supporting students and their aspirations?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00793-00218539-00218896": "- So the dream club is a community service club", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00794-00218896-00219188": "that is mostly student led.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00795-00219188-00219688": "So students like Ivory who want to have opportunities", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00796-00219713-00219876": "to look better for colleges.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00797-00219876-00220303": "So it's mostly me facilitating work", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00798-00220303-00220586": "that they are doing themselves in their own community.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00799-00220586-00220765": "- [Amalia] Well thank you for not only being a teacher", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00800-00220765-00220966": "but also being a club sponsor, right.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00801-00220966-00221267": "We all always know that it's important to engage students", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00802-00221267-00221478": "beyond the classroom and in other opportunities", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00803-00221478-00221567": "to engage with their communities.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00804-00221567-00221692": "- It is.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00805-00221692-00221963": "- So my next question is for Khalilah.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00806-00221963-00222235": "We're gonna change it up a little bit in terms of order.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00807-00222324-00222714": "So, just piggybacking off, we know that student loan debt", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00808-00222714-00223030": "and college affordability is a barrier.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00809-00223030-00223283": "We know that three in four teachers of color", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00810-00223283-00223437": "work in the quartile of schools", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00811-00223437-00223788": "serving the most students of color, nationally.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00812-00223788-00223998": "So in addition to the student loan debt", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00813-00223998-00224229": "that they'll have to pay back,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00814-00224334-00224648": "there are certainly equity issues in terms of pay.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00815-00224648-00224982": "Since educators in general make 20% less", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00816-00224982-00225178": "than similar educated professionals,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00817-00225178-00225513": "this was referenced in the previous presentations.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00818-00225513-00225904": "And those gaps can be even higher in high need districts", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00819-00225904-00226162": "where we really need to invest in teacher diversity", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00820-00226162-00226394": "and teacher preparation.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00821-00226394-00226673": "So how can the Higher Education Authorization", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00822-00226673-00226955": "which is we're living in the moment right now", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00823-00226955-00227181": "is (mumbles) in the last couple of days", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00824-00227181-00227368": "and I think continuing on today.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00825-00227487-00227733": "How can the HE Authorization help compensate", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00826-00227733-00228094": "for the unacceptable low pay of educators broadly", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00827-00228094-00228444": "and educators in high need schools specifically?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00828-00228444-00228741": "- Great, thank you for that question and thank you to LPI", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00829-00228741-00229199": "for having me at the, okay I'm gonna use my cafeteria voice.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00830-00229199-00229477": "(panelists laugh)", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00831-00229477-00229669": "Whenever I say that to people who have not been", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00832-00229669-00229817": "in the school they're like, huh.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00833-00229817-00229967": "People who have been in the school they're like,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00834-00229967-00230150": "I know, right. (laughter)", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00835-00230150-00230650": "So, thank you to LPI for inviting me here", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00836-00230737-00230992": "on behalf of the Center for American Progress.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00837-00230992-00231492": "So, HEA has a number of provisions that could really target", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00838-00231511-00231860": "as Desiree shared, a couple of things.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00839-00231860-00232184": "One, there are entitled three grant programs", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00840-00232184-00232446": "that would strengthen our HPCUs,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00841-00232446-00232827": "our minority serving institutions, HSIs, NAPZs,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00842-00232827-00232923": "all of those things.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00843-00232923-00233232": "There are grants that would support students", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00844-00233232-00233564": "receiving funding to enter the teaching profession", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00845-00233564-00233811": "on the front end instead of incurring the debt", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00846-00233811-00234134": "that has been disproportionately impacting", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00847-00234134-00234283": "communities of color.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00848-00234283-00234573": "We know there's a racial wealth gap in this country", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00849-00234573-00234898": "and what's challenging about that is when people hear", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00850-00234898-00235242": "the racial wealth gap of black families", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00851-00235242-00235661": "in the next 15 to 20 years having zero dollars in wealth", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00852-00235661-00236092": "in comparison to somewhere around $150,000 in wealth", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00853-00236092-00236421": "for white families, people think that that is a mistake", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00854-00236421-00236727": "or there must be some caveat,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00855-00236727-00236923": "or give them some more context", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00856-00236923-00237173": "when, in fact there has been an education debt", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00857-00237173-00237352": "in this country since enslavement", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00858-00237352-00237576": "when people were stolen from their land and brought here,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00859-00237576-00237846": "when people's lands were taken from them by the government", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00860-00237846-00238138": "and relegated to reservations.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00861-00238138-00238455": "When people whose land was carved away from them", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00862-00238455-00238666": "and it was no longer called Mexico.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00863-00238761-00239103": "All of these things have a pervasive impact now", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00864-00239103-00239333": "when we see things like redistricting,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00865-00239333-00239673": "excuse me redlining, predatory lending,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00866-00239673-00239941": "inadequate housing, jobs, transportation.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00867-00239941-00240136": "So when we think about the racial wealth gap", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00868-00240136-00240465": "and we think about the concept of black families,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00869-00240465-00240878": "Latinx families, indigenous families,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00870-00240878-00241189": "different families from Asian American Pacific Islander", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00871-00241189-00241596": "and Pacific Islander communities, as well as Alaska native", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00872-00241596-00241890": "to ask families to take out a level of debt", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00873-00241890-00242264": "to achieve the American dream when there's an education debt", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00874-00242264-00242546": "owed to those families is very nefarious.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00875-00242546-00242807": "And to ask them to take out the debt and then say,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00876-00242807-00243294": "we are then on the back end gonna forgive your loans, right.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00877-00243294-00243381": "It's challenging.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00878-00243381-00243808": "So within HEA we can both make sizable", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00879-00243808-00244102": "and exponential increases for the support", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00880-00244102-00244340": "of our minority serving institutions,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00881-00244340-00244498": "giving grants to young people", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00882-00244498-00244769": "to enter the teaching profession.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00883-00244769-00244969": "I think it goes without saying,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00884-00244969-00245151": "and thank you for saying this LaNea", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00885-00245151-00245580": "about the experiences students have had in schools.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00886-00245580-00245809": "There's a reason why students still flock", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00887-00245809-00246223": "to minority serving institutions as a place of safety right.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00888-00246223-00246598": "Not only have there been racial aggression", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00889-00246598-00246990": "and issues around class but there have also been issues", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00890-00246990-00247165": "where families have not been welcomed", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00891-00247165-00247391": "into those institutions, historically,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00892-00247391-00247679": "and so then the turn around and not have your family support", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00893-00247679-00247966": "to go into teaching, not only because you won't be paid,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00894-00247966-00248098": "the conditions may be dire", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00895-00248098-00248330": "because there's lack of investment.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00896-00248330-00248537": "In fact, there are communities.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00897-00248537-00248733": "My team was just in Alabama,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00898-00248733-00249037": "a state where school segregation is still the law.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00899-00249037-00249292": "It's still a part of a constitution of Alabama,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00900-00249292-00249733": "and the millage contribution of property tax to schools", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00901-00249733-00249946": "is probably the lowest in the country.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00902-00249946-00250323": "And we visited a school that looks like there was no touch", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00903-00250323-00250577": "of education reforms of the last two to three decades.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00904-00250577-00250891": "Not a single reform has shown up in that school.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00905-00251033-00251221": "But you ask those families to turn around", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00906-00251221-00251491": "and commit to support their child getting a degree", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00907-00251491-00251717": "in education, sometimes there are institutions", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00908-00251717-00251971": "that also don't necessarily wanna welcome them.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00909-00251971-00252191": "So you need to pour support into the institutions", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00910-00252191-00252619": "that are producing the highest number of students of color.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00911-00252619-00252944": "The idea that you can't find the teachers is nonsensical.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00912-00252944-00253094": "You didn't go get the teachers.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00913-00253094-00253269": "I have a colleague here from Baltimore", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00914-00253269-00253484": "when I was running that social justice school.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00915-00253484-00253885": "If you came to my school, and this was typically", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00916-00253885-00254083": "with Morgan State University students.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00917-00254083-00254327": "If you came into the school and you want a step team", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00918-00254327-00254544": "or you were the mentor for the step team,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00919-00254544-00254817": "you were the mentor for or the advisor", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00920-00254817-00255108": "for the girls mentoring club and you were an undergraduate,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00921-00255108-00255250": "I didn't care if you were a teacher.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00922-00255250-00255370": "I tapped you on the shoulder and say,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00923-00255370-00255598": "\"Don't you wanna teach when you graduate?\"", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00924-00255598-00255781": "And we recruited teachers.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00925-00255781-00255991": "We had a high number of black teachers", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00926-00255991-00256250": "because we invited them into the building", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00927-00256250-00256367": "when they did not think", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00928-00256367-00256580": "that was going to be their profession.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00929-00256580-00257077": "So, I'm approaching this from a very authentic space", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00930-00257254-00257496": "as opposed to just, let's go to Congress.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00931-00257496-00257908": "Let's go, look at the markup and see what we can do.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00932-00257908-00258292": "The Hawkins centers in the HEA have not been fully funded,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00933-00258411-00258803": "the support money for our MSIs have not been fully funded.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00934-00258803-00259048": "And these are things that we can demand", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00935-00259048-00259264": "and put pressure on to legislators", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00936-00259264-00259427": "to make sure those things pass,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00937-00259427-00259908": "instead of, well let's talk about accountability.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00938-00259908-00260033": "Let's talk about that.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00939-00260033-00260315": "Okay if people don't even get into college,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00940-00260315-00260571": "or their institutions are starved of resources", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00941-00260571-00260777": "and again, I live in Baltimore.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00942-00260777-00261107": "We have four HPCUs that are fighting the state", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00943-00261107-00261248": "to get adequate funding.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00944-00261359-00261675": "Those things can be ameliorated by HEA.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00945-00261675-00261958": "And it's important for us to look at not only state", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00946-00261958-00262166": "and local policy but national policy", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00947-00262166-00262374": "and how those things string together.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00948-00262374-00262570": "So those are ways that HEA can support", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00949-00262570-00262893": "but also we have to remember the conditions realistically", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00950-00262893-00263145": "that teachers of colors are coming from.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00951-00263145-00263414": "And when we create policy solutions,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00952-00263414-00263653": "they can't only be at the 30,000 foot level", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00953-00263653-00263841": "of okay, we'll give you a grant.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00954-00263841-00264022": "It's also, how are we creating", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00955-00264022-00264241": "the conditions in those schools?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00956-00264241-00264495": "Our team at the Center for American Progress,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00957-00264495-00264709": "in addition to a recent report that we shared", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00958-00264709-00265019": "called Equality Education For Every Child,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00959-00265019-00265486": "which asks policymakers to apply an explicit", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00960-00265486-00265759": "racial equity lens to policymaking.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00961-00265859-00266023": "We also talk about modernizing", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00962-00266023-00266200": "and elevating the teaching profession.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00963-00266200-00266544": "And so it cannot be that you put golden handcuffs", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00964-00266544-00266746": "on a teacher and pay them more", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00965-00266746-00266906": "and send them into a school house", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00966-00266906-00267217": "where they have class sizes of 35 plus,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00967-00267217-00267456": "or you send them into Sidney Lanier High School", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00968-00267456-00267568": "in Montgomery Alabama", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00969-00267568-00267773": "where there's paint peeling off the walls,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00970-00267773-00267996": "the roof is coming in,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00971-00267996-00268320": "and students are saying, we don't have enough laptops", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00972-00268320-00268516": "or this is the first year in six years", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00973-00268516-00268668": "that we got new textbooks,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00974-00268668-00268873": "and we don't have enough to take them home", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00975-00268873-00269028": "to do our homework, right.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00976-00269028-00269218": "This is not pie in the sky.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00977-00269218-00269382": "This is what was told to us", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00978-00269382-00269528": "when we visited Lanier last week.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00979-00269528-00269726": "So those things have to go together.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00980-00269726-00270071": "It's really cute when presidential candidates", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00981-00270071-00270422": "say things like, \"I'm gonna pay teachers $10,000 more.\"", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00982-00270422-00270505": "Great.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00983-00270505-00270615": "And you're gonna send them into conditions", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00984-00270615-00270801": "where they'll be gone in a couple of years.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00985-00270801-00270953": "Those things have to come together.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00986-00270953-00271126": "You can't just pay people more,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00987-00271126-00271412": "lock them into a situation where,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00988-00271412-00271753": "this is the career I'm going for but my mental health,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00989-00271753-00272049": "my family's health are being impacted.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00990-00272049-00272297": "And I really wanted to make change.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00991-00272297-00272548": "And you gave me more money making me believe", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00992-00272548-00272694": "you were investing in me,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00993-00272694-00272893": "only to see I have to use this extra money", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00994-00272893-00273142": "to pay for my classroom supplies.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00995-00273142-00273404": "I have to use this extra money because nobody stopped", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00996-00273404-00273640": "to make sure there's a washer and dryer in school.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00997-00273640-00273840": "Some taking kids clothes home to wash", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00998-00273840-00274230": "and make sure they have a sense of self esteem about them.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-00999-00274230-00274451": "So all of those things need to go together.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01000-00274451-00274767": "- Now, thank you so much and I think that just elevates", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01001-00274767-00275013": "the importance of not only focusing on the pay, right", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01002-00275013-00275247": "on the affordability and the access,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01003-00275247-00275495": "but also you know as we talk about whole child", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01004-00275495-00275735": "also talking about whole teachers, right?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01005-00275735-00275891": "And the supports that they need and the conditions", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01006-00275891-00276119": "that they need to actually be able to be successful", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01007-00276119-00276324": "and support their students in the schools that they teach.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01008-00276324-00276641": "- And if I add, so HEA is a single thing", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01009-00276641-00276965": "and oftentimes we look for silver bullet answers", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01010-00276965-00277197": "to the challenges in education.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01011-00277282-00277516": "The challenges children are in communities,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01012-00277516-00277759": "they're not just an individual school houses.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01013-00277759-00278053": "And so that needs to couple with things like WIOA", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01014-00278053-00278302": "and other legislations that are important", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01015-00278302-00278520": "to building strong communities.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01016-00278520-00278855": "Because again if you modernize the building,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01017-00278855-00279084": "and families don't have access to that building,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01018-00279084-00279202": "it's not a community school.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01019-00279202-00279421": "And families don't have access to food.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01020-00279421-00279614": "Families don't have access to housing,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01021-00279614-00279823": "to jobs, to transportation.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01022-00279823-00280104": "You are continuing a cycle where you're expecting teachers", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01023-00280104-00280236": "to be social workers.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01024-00280236-00280454": "And we talk about whole child but there are things", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01025-00280454-00280705": "that should not be the teacher's responsibility.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01026-00280705-00281039": "And then you ding them on the back end and say,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01027-00281039-00281285": "but your outcomes are not strong.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01028-00281285-00281433": "Get your scores up, right?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01029-00281433-00281629": "And those things contradict.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01030-00281629-00281933": "So modernizing in teaching, modernizing the teaching", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01031-00281933-00282197": "profession and elevating the teaching profession", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01032-00282197-00282441": "also requires deep investment in communities", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01033-00282441-00282641": "that have been historically divested in.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01034-00282779-00283152": "- And so this next question is for Dr. Herring, welcome.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01035-00283152-00283522": "And so just following up on Khalilah,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01036-00283647-00283885": "put an emphasis on the importance of investing", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01037-00283885-00284154": "in minority serving institutions, MSIs.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01038-00284154-00284390": "We know that the research tells us that teachers of color", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01039-00284390-00284746": "who attend MSIs are more likely to graduate with a BA", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01040-00284746-00284966": "from a school or Department of Education,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01041-00284966-00285084": "compared to teachers of color", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01042-00285084-00285377": "who attend predominantly white institutions.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01043-00285377-00285690": "And that MSIs produce more teacher candidates of color", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01044-00285690-00285858": "than other colleges.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01045-00285858-00286121": "The data also tells us that MSIs serve high percentages", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01046-00286121-00286248": "of low income students.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01047-00286248-00286687": "And we know that the Pell Grant only covers about 28%", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01048-00286687-00287047": "of the cost of attending a four-year public college.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01049-00287047-00287420": "Can you speak to how an increased TEACH Grant award", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01050-00287420-00287726": "could be coupled with a Pell grant to help MSIs remove", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01051-00287726-00288036": "the affordability barrier for prospective teachers", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01052-00288036-00288285": "that are of color and from a low income family?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01053-00288482-00288565": "- Absolutely.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01054-00288565-00288909": "So I appreciate the opportunity to be on this panel.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01055-00288909-00289169": "And I have to say that as a dean", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01056-00289169-00289512": "at a historically black University's College of Education", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01057-00289512-00289936": "for 10 years prior to coming to Branch Alliance", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01058-00289936-00290104": "for Educator Diversity,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01059-00290104-00290410": "it's so refreshing that minority serving institutions", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01060-00290410-00290714": "have had such a platform in this conversation already.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01061-00290905-00291041": "As you know, or you may know,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01062-00291041-00291196": "Branch Alliance for Educator Diversity", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01063-00291196-00291510": "is the only nonprofit organization in our country", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01064-00291510-00291787": "that has a singular focus on strengthening, growing", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01065-00291787-00292134": "and amplifying the impact of minority serving institutions,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01066-00292134-00292466": "particularly around educator preparation.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01067-00292466-00292962": "There are 290 MSIs that offer educator preparation programs.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01068-00292962-00293295": "That's about 13% of all teacher prep providers", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01069-00293295-00293656": "in our country and they prepare 44%", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01070-00293656-00293819": "of our teachers of color.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01071-00293819-00294062": "So when we talk about a disproportionate impact", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01072-00294062-00294338": "that these institutions have on diversifying", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01073-00294338-00294577": "the teacher workforce that is the statistic", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01074-00294577-00294677": "that we talk about.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01075-00294785-00295022": "BranchED's network is broad,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01076-00295022-00295449": "but it's really coming together around one vision of quality", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01077-00295449-00295621": "and re-envisioning of what do we mean", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01078-00295621-00296037": "by high quality educator preparation in our schools?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01079-00296037-00296481": "And from an institutional perspective,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01080-00296481-00296639": "in terms of your question,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01081-00296728-00297030": "traditional university-based teacher preparation", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01082-00297030-00297295": "that is high quality is expensive.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01083-00297389-00297547": "It's expensive.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01084-00297547-00297922": "There are alternative routes that are cheaper, faster", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01085-00297922-00298199": "but the bottom line is the investments that we make", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01086-00298199-00298452": "in high quality university teacher preparation", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01087-00298452-00298767": "pays dividends beyond the costs.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01088-00298767-00298996": "In terms of the number of teachers that are produced", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01089-00298996-00299237": "still the lion's share of our teachers in our country", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01090-00299237-00299466": "are produced in traditional university-based", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01091-00299466-00299820": "teacher preparation, and they tend to persist", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01092-00299820-00299929": "in the profession longer.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01093-00299929-00300150": "We know for minority serving institutions,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01094-00300150-00300408": "teachers prepared in those pathways", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01095-00300408-00300558": "persist in the profession longer", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01096-00300558-00300908": "than teachers of color prepared in other pathways.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01097-00300908-00301190": "So making investments in high quality", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01098-00301190-00301426": "university-based teacher preparation", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01099-00301426-00301738": "is an equity strategy in our country,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01100-00301738-00301969": "particularly when you focus those investments", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01101-00301969-00302255": "on institutions that are doing a great job", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01102-00302255-00302513": "of preparing highly effective teachers", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01103-00302513-00302684": "that happen to be teachers of color", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01104-00302684-00303017": "and that may come from low income backgrounds.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01105-00303017-00303201": "It's well documented that our nation's", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01106-00303201-00303445": "minority serving institutions are such places", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01107-00303445-00303654": "in the landscape of higher education.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01108-00303654-00304034": "They tend to be lesser resourced as institutions", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01109-00304034-00304373": "and they tend to enroll and educate greater numbers", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01110-00304373-00304573": "of low income students.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01111-00304573-00304871": "And despite all of this, they prepare a disproportionate", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01112-00304871-00305146": "number of teachers of color for America's classrooms.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01113-00305253-00305557": "If we shift to the student perspective,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01114-00305557-00305848": "again, the costs of pursuing an education", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01115-00305848-00306179": "or teaching credential is expensive.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01116-00306179-00306559": "It includes more than the average college students expenses", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01117-00306559-00306989": "in tuition and fees, housing and the like,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01118-00306989-00307167": "candidates in our teacher prep programs", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01119-00307167-00307400": "have to pay for licensure exams.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01120-00307400-00307820": "They have to engage in student teaching and/or residency.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01121-00307820-00308123": "An assignment that can be anywhere from one semester", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01122-00308123-00308277": "all the way up to a full year,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01123-00308277-00308593": "and oftentimes they don't have the opportunity to work", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01124-00308593-00308833": "while they're engaged in those activities,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01125-00308833-00309031": "but they still have to pay tuition.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01126-00309031-00309231": "They still have to take care of families.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01127-00309231-00309426": "They have to figure out transportation", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01128-00309426-00309606": "to their school sites and the like.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01129-00309690-00309855": "And in reference to TEACH Grants.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01130-00309855-00310043": "Currently TEACH Grants can only be used", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01131-00310043-00310236": "to offset tuition, right.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01132-00310236-00310546": "So while the combination of TEACH Grants and Pell Grants", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01133-00310546-00310923": "is promising for candidates such support needs to be seen", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01134-00310923-00311171": "in light of these expanded costs", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01135-00311171-00311485": "of what it takes to become a teacher.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01136-00311586-00311811": "Increasing the amount of the TEACH Grant awards", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01137-00311811-00312094": "would certainly be helpful in terms of keeping up", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01138-00312094-00312287": "with college costs, a case I think", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01139-00312287-00312580": "that Desiree clearly laid out for us.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01140-00312580-00312886": "But even perhaps thinking more broadly about how those funds", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01141-00312886-00313129": "can be used to support the full cost", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01142-00313129-00313457": "of what it takes to become a teacher.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01143-00313457-00313790": "In short, I think we need to look more holistically, right", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01144-00313790-00314022": "about the financial support needed,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01145-00314022-00314287": "especially for first gen college students", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01146-00314287-00314505": "and low income students and others", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01147-00314505-00314847": "from under-resourced backgrounds", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01148-00314847-00315317": "to get perspective teachers from college into classrooms.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01149-00315317-00315458": "- Thank you so much.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01150-00315458-00315810": "And I also wanna make sure that we give you all equal time", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01151-00315810-00316061": "and opportunity as we're talking about equity", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01152-00316061-00316327": "to continue to share with the audience", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01153-00316327-00316427": "and then also give an audience", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01154-00316427-00316681": "an opportunity to ask questions.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01155-00316681-00317117": "So with that, I'm gonna ask you all to popcorn in", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01156-00317117-00317386": "your answers just in terms of anything", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01157-00317386-00317581": "that you may wanna highlight from your practice", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01158-00317581-00317912": "or the reports that you have helped to inform and shape", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01159-00318016-00318221": "that you haven't had a chance to share with us yet,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01160-00318221-00318465": "in terms of, in your experience,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01161-00318553-00318729": "and when we're thinking about repairing and developing", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01162-00318729-00319089": "leaders to support a more diverse teacher workforce.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01163-00319089-00319220": "Why is that important?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01164-00319220-00319513": "Or how can, from your experience and your research", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01165-00319513-00319617": "and your findings,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01166-00319721-00320075": "what would you like to share with the audience?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01167-00320075-00320539": "- If I can add, one thing that could also come from HEA", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01168-00320539-00320895": "and again when you think about making schools", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01169-00320895-00321093": "that have been traditionally under-resourced", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01170-00321093-00321523": "or school districts that are impacted by low property tax,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01171-00321523-00321734": "a low property tax base,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01172-00321821-00322168": "something that is really small that could really be helpful", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01173-00322168-00322478": "from that grant are bridge funds.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01174-00322478-00322780": "So typically you have young people coming from.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01175-00322780-00322902": "Excuse me.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01176-00322902-00323163": "You have adults graduating from college,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01177-00323163-00323525": "who this is their first job.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01178-00323616-00323832": "I talked about the racial wealth gap.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01179-00323832-00324133": "They come out of college and they do not have the money", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01180-00324133-00324521": "to live between starting working in a school system", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01181-00324521-00324663": "and their first paycheck.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01182-00324663-00325007": "And so you have teachers who are supposed to be pouring", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01183-00325007-00325501": "into our kids eating ramen noodles or couch surfing", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01184-00325501-00325663": "because they don't have the down payment", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01185-00325663-00325850": "for their first apartment.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01186-00325850-00326197": "And those are hidden costs that you don't necessarily see", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01187-00326197-00326588": "but you wanna make a smooth pathway into teaching.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01188-00326588-00326929": "And so when we talk about making certain schools conditions", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01189-00326929-00327407": "such high quality like, I want to go work in Baltimore City", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01190-00327407-00327724": "because I know I'm gonna get a bridge grant.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01191-00327724-00327888": "I'm gonna get a mentor.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01192-00327888-00328116": "I'm gonna have a 10th, a base salary", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01193-00328116-00328488": "of somewhere between 55 and $65,000.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01194-00328488-00328753": "My class sizes are gonna be smaller.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01195-00328753-00328904": "All of those things will go together", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01196-00328904-00329108": "but there are some really small things", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01197-00329108-00329449": "that can either come from HEA or states can do.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01198-00329449-00329859": "So in addition to TEACH Grants and Pell Grants,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01199-00329944-00330242": "states can take leadership on doing several things", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01200-00330242-00330536": "including changing the way property taxes are used", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01201-00330536-00330793": "to fund schools and moving away from that,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01202-00330793-00331052": "because there is disparate impact that we see", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01203-00331052-00331434": "in terms of the $23 billion gap between school districts", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01204-00331434-00331537": "that are predominantly white", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01205-00331537-00331834": "and school districts that are predominantly non white.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01206-00331834-00332142": "So, you look at the Rodriguez case", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01207-00332142-00332315": "and use the Powell exception to say,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01208-00332315-00332591": "okay we see a racial disparity,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01209-00332591-00332931": "and we need to stop using property taxes in that way.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01210-00332931-00333201": "But also, grant funds for teachers to come", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01211-00333201-00333446": "to their school districts could be expanded", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01212-00333446-00333705": "at the state level to make sure that teachers", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01213-00333705-00333946": "have a smooth on-ramp into teaching", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01214-00333946-00334198": "and that they do have residency opportunities", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01215-00334198-00334570": "which when we think about especially the Latinx community,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01216-00334570-00334805": "the highest increase in teachers of color", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01217-00334805-00334943": "has been the Latinx community.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01218-00334943-00335146": "And so we need to recognize that means", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01219-00335146-00335448": "a lot of different things in different places.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01220-00335448-00335760": "I'm Latina, my family's Costa Rican.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01221-00335760-00335916": "People don't look at me and see that", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01222-00335916-00336125": "if you're in New York City.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01223-00336125-00336401": "Most Latinx teachers are black, right?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01224-00336401-00336662": "And so we need to think about how those numbers", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01225-00336662-00336823": "what it means for new Americans", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01226-00336823-00337058": "and people who are coming to this country", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01227-00337058-00337274": "to be able to teach them what they need,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01228-00337274-00337484": "what the messages are from their families.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01229-00337784-00337920": "- If I may add, I think,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01230-00338049-00338277": "and plus wanting everything that you've said", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01231-00338361-00338693": "and I think the important element that we can't forget here", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01232-00338693-00339033": "is that high quality educator preparation matters, right.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01233-00339033-00339257": "I think people use the term residency", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01234-00339257-00339461": "to mean several different things", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01235-00339461-00339734": "and I think the one theme that is consistent", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01236-00339734-00339986": "across all of those different definitions", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01237-00339986-00340387": "is a clinically rich, high quality educator", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01238-00340387-00340695": "preparation program that's co-designed and co-implemented", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01239-00340695-00340999": "between the ED Prep provider and the K-12 district.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01240-00340999-00341223": "That partnership is critical.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01241-00341223-00341384": "It's important.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01242-00341384-00341719": "It's giving candidates the ability to try out teaching,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01243-00341719-00341968": "the work of teaching, not just reading about it", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01244-00341968-00342083": "or looking at case studies", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01245-00342083-00342288": "but actually the doing of teaching.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01246-00342288-00342483": "And I think that's critically important.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01247-00342483-00342983": "And then we can't under estimate the importance of that", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01248-00342989-00343254": "in-service educator that is also serving", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01249-00343254-00343475": "as the mentor teacher for that candidate", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01250-00343475-00343638": "that that is critically important", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01251-00343638-00343939": "that that person not only be accomplished themselves,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01252-00343939-00344269": "but that they have really intentional training", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01253-00344269-00344554": "on what does it mean to mentor a pre-service teacher.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01254-00344554-00344865": "And the putting all of those elements together,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01255-00344865-00345075": "making sure that we're looking at models", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01256-00345075-00345386": "that are not just about postgraduate or graduate level", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01257-00345386-00345612": "but also reaching down into undergraduate", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01258-00345612-00345822": "teacher prep programs to ensure", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01259-00345822-00346157": "that we have a robust practice-based model", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01260-00346157-00346431": "that's applicable really to all teacher prep programs", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01261-00346431-00346724": "and not just those that are labeled residency.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01262-00346724-00347055": "What I think we need to have in general, is a focus", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01263-00347055-00347368": "on what does high quality, clinically rich preparation", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01264-00347368-00347868": "look like that can touch multitude of university models?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01265-00347907-00348126": "- And final word to LaNea.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01266-00348126-00348383": "Sorry, from the teacher perspective if you want to add.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01267-00348383-00348584": "- I just wanna add.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01268-00348584-00348925": "So following the report, \"If you listen, we will stay\",", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01269-00348925-00349158": "I did work with some teacher leaders", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01270-00349303-00349490": "in LA Unified School District.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01271-00349490-00349896": "And we just really wanted to have our voices heard.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01272-00349896-00350335": "I think, in all of this teacher voice is very important,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01273-00350335-00350597": "which is sort of a theme in the title of the report.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01274-00350759-00351116": "How will anyone know all these hardships and experiences", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01275-00351116-00351324": "that we're having if we're not heard?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01276-00351324-00351594": "And typically we're in the classroom, we're inundated,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01277-00351841-00352097": "we're not at the table at the board meetings,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01278-00352097-00352352": "superintendents don't know we are.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01279-00352352-00352790": "So, part of it is just getting those people to listen.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01280-00352790-00353035": "Those people who are supposed to be representing us", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01281-00353035-00353289": "at the city and state levels.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01282-00353505-00353764": "So with that, we planned like a focus group", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01283-00353764-00354021": "just with our superintendent so he can hear our voices", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01284-00354021-00354263": "around teacher recruitment and retention.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01285-00354263-00354621": "And that one meeting sort of ballooned", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01286-00354621-00354900": "into a monthly occurrence where we go", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01287-00354900-00355161": "and they just listen to us.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01288-00355161-00355595": "And then our voices are what we say, turns into action.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01289-00355595-00356020": "So one of the actions I know that we are working on now is,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01290-00356209-00356551": "how do we make sure that administrators in schools", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01291-00356551-00356937": "understand what teachers of color are experiencing?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01292-00356937-00357212": "How do we make sure that, in their preparation,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01293-00357212-00357471": "in inspiring administrator programs,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01294-00357471-00357860": "they are understanding the teacher voice,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01295-00357860-00358070": "and what diversity should look like", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01296-00358070-00358461": "and what a culturally affirming environment is.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01297-00358461-00358961": "So, currently in LA, they have a 10-module program.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01298-00359067-00359490": "So we've been able to give input into one of those modules.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01299-00359490-00359804": "We're producing the videos have people listen to teachers", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01300-00359804-00360197": "talk about their experiences, profiling teachers", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01301-00360197-00360495": "saying these are the things that happen to us", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01302-00360495-00360659": "in the workplace.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01303-00360659-00361159": "This is why it's difficult for me to focus on my students", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01304-00361205-00361569": "when I'm struggling to eat at night myself", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01305-00361569-00362069": "or why so many of us teachers of color pay a silent tax.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01306-00362173-00362436": "So if you are in the Latinx community", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01307-00362436-00362609": "or you're a bilingual teacher,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01308-00362609-00362774": "you're doing translation services", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01309-00362774-00363098": "and you're not being compensated or appreciated,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01310-00363098-00363504": "or in any way sort of professionally acknowledged", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01311-00363504-00363811": "for those extra services and you're not even,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01312-00363811-00363949": "they're not even monetized.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01313-00363949-00364449": "So I think our voices are important and having people listen", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01314-00364503-00365003": "and understand what we're experiencing can really help.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01315-00365013-00365179": "So that's what our work is doing.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01316-00365179-00365504": "- We hear your voice and thank you for coming here", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01317-00365504-00365695": "all the way from the West Coast.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01318-00365695-00366078": "So before I turn it over to the audience for some Q&A,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01319-00366078-00366300": "I first wanna invite Michael Rady", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01320-00366300-00366686": "from Senator Booker's office to join us at the table,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01321-00366686-00366992": "and he's going to have a few remarks.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01322-00366992-00367329": "But I wanna introduce Michael as he makes his way over.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01323-00367329-00367613": "So Michael works on education and children's policy issues", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01324-00367613-00368074": "for Senator Booker, who is also our briefing co-sponsor,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01325-00368074-00368236": "Senator Booker from New Jersey.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01326-00368236-00368685": "Michael was a third grade teacher, so also an educator", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01327-00368685-00369006": "at KIPP SPARK Academy in Newark, New Jersey", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01328-00369006-00369244": "and worked as an Associate Director for Achievement", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01329-00369244-00369495": "for schools in New Haven, Connecticut.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01330-00369495-00369695": "So please welcome Michael.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01331-00369695-00369995": "(audience applauds)", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01332-00371616-00371699": "- Is this on?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01333-00371699-00371782": "Okay.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01334-00371782-00372256": "Hello, I'm Michael rady from the Office of Senator Booker.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01335-00372256-00372554": "First I wanna thank all of you for coming today.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01336-00372554-00372883": "Thank you so much to LPI and the organizations", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01337-00372883-00373163": "that are co-hosting this briefing.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01338-00373163-00373534": "Thank you also much the panelists for making the time.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01339-00373534-00373709": "I firstly just wanted to touch on some things", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01340-00373709-00373988": "that really resonated for me as a former teacher", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01341-00373988-00374253": "and someone who works for Senator Booker.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01342-00374352-00374747": "Lanea, something that you brought up was just the reasons", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01343-00374747-00374956": "that you feel that so many people that you know", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01344-00374956-00375186": "that are teaching, especially people of color", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01345-00375186-00375382": "that go into the classroom.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01346-00375382-00375554": "That commitment to push back", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01347-00375554-00375847": "against the systemic forces of oppression,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01348-00375847-00376296": "like racism, like inequality and to work in schools", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01349-00376296-00376487": "for kids, right?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01350-00376487-00376857": "And that commitment is what inspired me to become a teacher", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01351-00376857-00377106": "and to do this work too.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01352-00377106-00377411": "When I was a senior in college Senator Booker actually,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01353-00377411-00377778": "when he was Mayor Booker, came to visit my university", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01354-00377778-00378009": "and made a speech and he said,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01355-00378009-00378383": "\"You are the physical manifestation of a conspiracy of love", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01356-00378383-00378618": "\"that people whose names you don't even know", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01357-00378618-00378826": "\"who struggled for you, who fought for you,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01358-00378826-00379064": "\"who sweated for you, who volunteered for you.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01359-00379064-00379240": "\"You are here because of them.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01360-00379240-00379434": "\"Do not forget that.\"", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01361-00379434-00379575": "And that really spoke to me", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01362-00379575-00379900": "and so I ended up signing up to teach in Newark,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01363-00379900-00380221": "and as an aside those of you who are considering", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01364-00380221-00380527": "your futures today, I definitely encourage you", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01365-00380527-00380655": "to consider teaching.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01366-00380655-00380851": "New Jersey is a great place to teach.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01367-00380957-00381355": "But I was lucky enough to be able to become a teacher,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01368-00381355-00381635": "and I was really grateful to be in the school that I was in", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01369-00381635-00381775": "and working with the people that I was working with", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01370-00381775-00381943": "and the families.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01371-00381943-00382159": "But for many of the people that came", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01372-00382159-00382433": "from low income families, that were first in their families", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01373-00382433-00382713": "to go and graduate from college, people of color,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01374-00382713-00382871": "teaching was not an option for them", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01375-00382871-00383157": "because they needed to pay their college bills.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01376-00383157-00383388": "And they needed to be able to support their families", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01377-00383388-00383598": "to get out of poverty.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01378-00383598-00383928": "And so, so many of my friends could not enter teaching", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01379-00383928-00384057": "because of those barriers.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01380-00384057-00384254": "So that really resonated for me.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01381-00384254-00384550": "And then another thing that you said Khalilah", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01382-00384550-00384858": "about the teaching conditions.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01383-00384858-00385161": "I mean teachers need to go to the bathroom during the day", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01384-00385161-00385409": "and get mental health services,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01385-00385409-00385689": "and to be able to pay their bills", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01386-00385689-00386001": "and not have lead paint on their walls in their classrooms.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01387-00386001-00386211": "So, that really resonated for me.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01388-00386211-00386424": "It resonates for the people of Newark, New Jersey", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01389-00386424-00386643": "and so thank you so much for saying that.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01390-00386773-00387102": "So, today's briefing today touched on both the barriers", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01391-00387102-00387332": "to diversifying the educator workforce", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01392-00387332-00387515": "and the solutions that can be implemented", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01393-00387515-00387684": "at every level of policymaking.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01394-00387792-00388021": "We know the obstacles to completing college,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01395-00388021-00388387": "including cost, lack of access to high quality preparation", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01396-00388387-00388671": "and challenging teaching conditions, all present barriers", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01397-00388671-00388891": "to diversifying the teaching profession.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01398-00388891-00389130": "We also know that there are a number of solutions", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01399-00389130-00389348": "to remove the barriers that stand in the way", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01400-00389348-00389556": "of a diverse educator workforce.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01401-00389556-00389792": "These include implementing policies and programs", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01402-00389792-00389893": "that provide access", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01403-00389893-00390181": "to high quality teacher preparation programs.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01404-00390181-00390458": "Service scholarship and loan forgiveness programs", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01405-00390458-00390645": "are solutions to removing the barrier", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01406-00390645-00390804": "of college affordability.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01407-00390804-00391093": "These programs incentivize students to go into teaching", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01408-00391093-00391351": "and allow them to afford the high quality pathways", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01409-00391351-00391705": "necessary to be fully prepared and teach for the long haul", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01410-00391705-00391926": "by underwriting the cost of college.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01411-00391926-00392196": "This week, the House Committee on education and labor", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01412-00392196-00392442": "is debating the college affordability act.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01413-00392442-00392738": "Their proposal to update the Higher Education Act.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01414-00392738-00392983": "Astronomical college costs and the debt", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01415-00392983-00393284": "that millions of students are burdened with upon graduation", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01416-00393284-00393594": "dissuade too many highly qualified graduates of color", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01417-00393594-00393790": "from entering the teaching profession.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01418-00393790-00394018": "Senator Booker's bill, The Strive Act", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01419-00394018-00394295": "has a number of provisions to address college affordability", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01420-00394295-00394606": "and support high quality teacher education pathways.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01421-00394606-00394868": "First, we have a number of administrative fixes", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01422-00394868-00395026": "that will improve administration", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01423-00395026-00395354": "of the nation's service scholarship for prospective teachers", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01424-00395354-00395596": "that commit to teaching in under resourced schools", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01425-00395596-00395736": "and high need fields.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01426-00395736-00395900": "The TEACH Grant.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01427-00395900-00396260": "As noted earlier, since this program was created in 2007,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01428-00396260-00396550": "the maximum award amount of $4,000 a year", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01429-00396550-00396728": "has not been increased.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01430-00396728-00397017": "And since 2013, the amount of money that people", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01431-00397017-00397219": "have been getting, that teachers have been getting", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01432-00397219-00397458": "has actually been going down.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01433-00397458-00397741": "At a time when the cost of a four-year public college", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01434-00397741-00398062": "in State students has increased by $3,000", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01435-00398062-00398226": "since the year 2007,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01436-00398226-00398421": "and the amount of outstanding student loan debt", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01437-00398421-00398604": "has increased by nearly a trillion dollars", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01438-00398604-00398717": "in the same period.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01439-00398717-00398950": "It is necessary to increase the TEACH Grant", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01440-00398950-00399117": "so it can support well prepared,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01441-00399117-00399394": "and a diverse teacher workforce.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01442-00399394-00399612": "Coupled with the need to increase the TEACH Grant,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01443-00399612-00399873": "our bill also overhauls student loan forgiveness", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01444-00399873-00400168": "for teachers by providing incremental loan forgiveness", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01445-00400168-00400576": "for each year a teacher serves in an under resourced school.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01446-00400576-00400791": "After seven years, all remaining debt", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01447-00400791-00400960": "is completely canceled.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01448-00400960-00401257": "Another important feature of Senator Booker's Strive Act,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01449-00401257-00401544": "is it support for the high quality and diverse preparation", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01450-00401544-00401809": "pathways of teacher residency programs.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01451-00401809-00402070": "It accomplishes this support by increasing funding", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01452-00402070-00402323": "for the teacher quality Partnership Grant program", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01453-00402323-00402567": "to 350 million dollars a year.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01454-00402567-00402829": "Our bill ensures that early educators can access", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01455-00402829-00402979": "this program and other programs", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01456-00402979-00403248": "entitled to the Higher Education Act.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01457-00403248-00403503": "Additionally, the Strive Act increases funding", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01458-00403503-00403771": "allocated to the Augustus F. Gus Hawkins", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01459-00403771-00403968": "Centers of Excellence programs", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01460-00403968-00404145": "which serves to expand and support", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01461-00404145-00404384": "teacher preparation programs at MSIs.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01462-00404384-00404527": "This is an important strategy", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01463-00404527-00404790": "to diversifying the educator workforce.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01464-00404790-00405054": "As has been previously noted, MSIs produce", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01465-00405054-00405380": "more teacher candidates of color than other colleges.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01466-00405380-00405655": "And as an aside, I'll also encourage you all to go back", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01467-00405655-00405951": "to your bosses and talk to them about the Future Act.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01468-00405951-00406451": "As we know, MSIs including HPCUs really need funding", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01469-00406545-00406963": "that the federal government is not providing right now.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01470-00406963-00407180": "And there was an article in The New York Times this week", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01471-00407180-00407471": "saying that many HPCUs are literally", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01472-00407471-00407775": "on the brink of financial ruin.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01473-00407775-00408074": "So please encourage the people you know", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01474-00408074-00408542": "to support the Future Act so MSIs can get that funding.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01475-00408542-00408901": "As far as I know, I think half of HPCUs", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01476-00408901-00409226": "or HPCUs prepare half of America's black teachers.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01477-00409365-00409547": "Finally, the bill encourages diversity", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01478-00409547-00409847": "in the teaching profession by subsidizing teacher licensing", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01479-00409847-00410155": "and certification fees for low income teachers.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01480-00410155-00410468": "Again, I'd like to thank our briefings participants,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01481-00410468-00410692": "LPI, the co-hosts, the co-sponsors.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01482-00410778-00410953": "And I'd like to turn it back to Amalia", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01483-00410953-00411118": "for questions from the audience.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01484-00411118-00411222": "- [Amalia] Thank you so much", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01485-00411222-00411388": "and thank you for being a teacher", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01486-00411388-00411662": "and now bringing your teacher voice here to the capital.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01487-00411662-00411745": "- Thank you.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01488-00411745-00412245": "- So I wanna ask Michael DiNapoli to join me,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01489-00412249-00412457": "help me facilitate the Q&A.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01490-00412457-00412621": "We have some mics in the audience.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01491-00412621-00412857": "So I see the first hand in the back.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01492-00413189-00413294": "Right there (chuckles).", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01493-00413381-00413583": "- I figure we get right to it with time.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01494-00413583-00413762": "So, hi, I'm Andy.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01495-00413846-00414088": "You all mentioned quite a few strategies", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01496-00414088-00414409": "that address the leakages in the teacher pipeline", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01497-00414409-00414876": "from recruitment, teacher prep, retention.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01498-00415005-00415234": "Put on like a state policy hat for a second.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01499-00415234-00415506": "If you had a magic wand,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01500-00415506-00415645": "and maybe I shouldn't say magic,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01501-00415645-00416053": "but if you had a wand and you could pick one strategy", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01502-00416053-00416553": "that focuses on attracting teachers, teacher prep", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01503-00416564-00416689": "and retention of teachers.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01504-00416689-00416985": "Those three pieces together.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01505-00416985-00417210": "Because we know that we can focus on one area", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01506-00417210-00417356": "but we lose teachers elsewhere.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01507-00417356-00417568": "So if you could put, if you could pick one strategy", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01508-00417568-00417725": "from each of those three buckets,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01509-00417725-00417857": "what would they be for you?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01510-00417857-00418004": "And there is no right answer,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01511-00418004-00418088": "but I'm really curious", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01512-00418088-00418376": "as to how you would braid those three pieces.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01513-00418542-00418780": "- Looks like we have a taker, for it.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01514-00418780-00418907": "- Well I would say that the focus", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01515-00418907-00419072": "has to be on teacher preparation.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01516-00419072-00419360": "Teacher preparation working with its K-12 partners", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01517-00419360-00419634": "to turn middle school and high school teachers", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01518-00419634-00419868": "on to teaching, to get them college ready,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01519-00419868-00420072": "to get them into preparation programs.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01520-00420072-00420321": "That that's a critical part of the partnership", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01521-00420321-00420512": "between Ed Prep programs and K-12", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01522-00420512-00420685": "that I don't think we talk about a lot.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01523-00420685-00420879": "How do we begin there,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01524-00420879-00421100": "feeding more candidates into the pathway?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01525-00421100-00421324": "We've already talked a lot about teacher preparation.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01526-00421324-00421521": "How can we make sure that teacher preparation", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01527-00421521-00421768": "is equity oriented, that it's inclusive,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01528-00421768-00422018": "so that teacher candidates of color", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01529-00422018-00422182": "come into preparation programs", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01530-00422182-00422389": "for all of the reasons that we heard about,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01531-00422389-00422672": "and are actually equipped and empowered", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01532-00422672-00422943": "to make a difference in schools once they become teachers?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01533-00422943-00423141": "And then I was a dean for 10 years.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01534-00423141-00423314": "I always said that teacher preparation", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01535-00423314-00423480": "doesn't stop at graduation.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01536-00423480-00423693": "We need to be working with districts to make sure", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01537-00423693-00423941": "that there's a strong bridge from preparation", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01538-00423941-00424260": "into end service with all of those inductions supports", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01539-00424260-00424532": "and mentoring supports, again in partnerships", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01540-00424532-00424789": "with our districts so that we set new teachers up", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01541-00424789-00424957": "for success over the long haul.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01542-00425049-00425254": "- If I can add to that, I would say,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01543-00425449-00425783": "leadership certification and evaluation", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01544-00425783-00425967": "in terms of inspecting what you expect", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01545-00425967-00426233": "around cultural relevance, the way you teach,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01546-00426233-00426597": "the way you prepare teachers, the way you retain teachers.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01547-00426729-00426957": "All our skinfolk and our kinfolk.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01548-00426957-00427317": "And just having a policy of we need numbers", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01549-00427317-00427612": "of teachers of color and not quality", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01550-00427612-00427780": "piggybacking on my sister's statements", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01551-00427780-00428158": "about, you can't just have teacher preparation", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01552-00428158-00428407": "that stops when students graduate", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01553-00428407-00428646": "or stops when the residency is over,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01554-00428646-00429005": "or recruitment of the right types of faculty.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01555-00429005-00429314": "If I have a black woman from Beverly Hills", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01556-00429314-00429462": "that's been living the high life", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01557-00429462-00429685": "and drop her into Flatbush, Brooklyn,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01558-00429685-00429880": "it's gonna be a no go, right?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01559-00429880-00430182": "And so it's not okay just to put a face", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01560-00430182-00430312": "in front of the children", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01561-00430312-00430685": "who really don't have the pedagogical skills", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01562-00430685-00430854": "to understand how to support those kids.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01563-00430854-00431184": "So the leadership is a critical, critical component", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01564-00431184-00431388": "that spans all of those things.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01565-00431388-00431693": "Principals are responsible for supporting students", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01566-00431693-00432001": "who wanna become teachers into programs like Pathways", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01567-00432001-00432160": "to teaching out of Colorado,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01568-00432160-00432443": "which recruits a number of Latinx and black students", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01569-00432443-00432614": "in the Colorado school systems.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01570-00432614-00432921": "They are responsible for identifying quality teachers.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01571-00432921-00433017": "They're responsible", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01572-00433017-00433264": "for ongoing professional development of them.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01573-00433264-00433605": "So state level policymakers would do a disservice", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01574-00433605-00433881": "by not addressing that single population.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01575-00433881-00434093": "If there was no other legislation they could pass", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01576-00434093-00434222": "in their next session,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01577-00434222-00434509": "tightening their leadership certification,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01578-00434509-00434760": "ongoing professional development of school leaders,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01579-00434760-00435106": "and also evaluation of school leaders and superintendents", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01580-00435106-00435291": "through a lens of race equity,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01581-00435291-00435568": "through a lens of culturally responsive", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01582-00435568-00435711": "and sustaining practice.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01583-00435885-00436092": "- [Amalia] All right, did you wanna respond?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01584-00436201-00436284": "- [Michael] No.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01585-00436284-00436459": "- [Amalia] Do we have other hands up?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01586-00436459-00436542": "Any other questions?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01587-00436542-00436672": "- Hi, Hello. - There you go.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01588-00436672-00436771": "- My name is John Berlin.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01589-00436771-00436919": "I work for Senator Shots.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01590-00437016-00437099": "I had a quick question.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01591-00437099-00437387": "And Dr. Herring, this is I think primarily for you.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01592-00437387-00437638": "But what are some of the ways that teacher prep programs", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01593-00437638-00438075": "or colleges are innovating teacher preparation", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01594-00438075-00438202": "or teacher prep programs?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01595-00438470-00438714": "- So there are a number of different things", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01596-00438714-00439010": "that are being innovated including new models", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01597-00439010-00439151": "for the delivery of preparation", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01598-00439151-00439381": "in partnership with K-12 partners.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01599-00439381-00439782": "Residency is almost, it's no longer a new concept", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01600-00439782-00439992": "but there are programs that are trying to think of", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01601-00439992-00440295": "how do we take some of the best learnings", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01602-00440295-00440637": "that we have out of a residency model, a clinical rich model", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01603-00440637-00440812": "and embed that within a program,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01604-00440812-00441108": "even if we don't have resources to pay residents, right?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01605-00441108-00441557": "How can we ensure that the program is giving candidates", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01606-00441557-00441906": "those opportunities, in authentic environments,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01607-00441906-00442026": "with live children?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01608-00442026-00442368": "So simulation is definitely a way to get candidates ready", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01609-00442368-00442647": "to be in the field with real students.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01610-00442647-00442937": "How can we make sure that those experiences are diverse?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01611-00442937-00443271": "And we're building sort of their cultural dexterity,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01612-00443271-00443572": "not taking for granted what the candidates look like", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01613-00443572-00443801": "but understanding that every single teacher", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01614-00443801-00443960": "needs to be prepared in culturally", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01615-00443960-00444170": "and linguistically sustaining pedagogy.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01616-00444170-00444470": "Understanding how to access the knowledge within communities", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01617-00444470-00444750": "and really bring that to bear on teaching and learning", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01618-00444750-00445184": "in a way that's asset-based, right, not deficit based.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01619-00445184-00445347": "Programs are doing interesting things", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01620-00445347-00445510": "in partnership with community.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01621-00445510-00445808": "So we always hear about Ed Prep programs", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01622-00445808-00445956": "working with K-12 partners.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01623-00445956-00446149": "They're bringing in community organizations", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01624-00446149-00446414": "and community voices to help fill that gap", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01625-00446414-00446618": "in terms of how do we connect with families?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01626-00446618-00446899": "How do we understand in parts of California,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01627-00446899-00447060": "what it means to be a migrant family?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01628-00447060-00447560": "And how does that characteristic enter into the teaching", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01629-00447567-00447868": "and learning environment or are we even working", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01630-00447868-00448253": "in parts of Texas where being bicultural and binational", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01631-00448253-00448449": "is a factor that teachers need to understand", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01632-00448449-00448634": "and leverage in the classroom?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01633-00448634-00448960": "So, there are a number of innovative models going on", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01634-00448960-00449228": "and I think it's really about making sure that teachers", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01635-00449228-00449630": "are equipped sort of moving away from the model", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01636-00449630-00449935": "of culture blind, race blind, language blind teacher prep", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01637-00449935-00450276": "and really saying, no diversity has a place in education.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01638-00450276-00450475": "How can we begin to prepare teachers", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01639-00450475-00450736": "to leverage diversity as an asset?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01640-00450884-00451027": "- [Amalia] Think we have a question over there.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01641-00451027-00451185": "And Michael, are we gonna have time?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01642-00451185-00451347": "I know we're coming to the end.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01643-00451347-00451484": "- [Michael] This is the last question.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01644-00451484-00451575": "- [Amalia] This is the last question?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01645-00451575-00451659": "- Yeah. - All right.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01646-00451659-00451870": "Oh, you got the last word (laughs).", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01647-00451870-00451953": "- All right.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01648-00451953-00452060": "Hello, I'm Taylor Ware.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01649-00452060-00452374": "I'm a CBC F fellow, actually on the Ed and Labor Committee.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01650-00452374-00452634": "That might be a good or a bad thing right now.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01651-00452634-00452975": "Wanted to know your thoughts about how we get", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01652-00452975-00453250": "more minority students access to the TEACH Grants.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01653-00453250-00453547": "I know that the amount is exceedingly low", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01654-00453547-00454010": "but also black candidates are only 5%", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01655-00454010-00454134": "of all TEACH Grant recipients.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01656-00454134-00454438": "So how do we put those grants into the hands of recipients", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01657-00454438-00454619": "if we are able to raise the funds?", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01658-00455088-00455171": "- That's a tough question.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01659-00455171-00455275": "- I wanna share the air time.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01660-00455275-00455403": "- (laughs) Go ahead.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01661-00455403-00455536": "- Okay, so.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01662-00455674-00455860": "Okay, so.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01663-00455860-00456117": "First and foremost, information is key and again,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01664-00456117-00456368": "that's what goes to leadership development", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01665-00456368-00456741": "but also our deans in colleges of education", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01666-00456741-00456914": "making sure that they have that information.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01667-00456914-00457150": "BranchED is an excellent organization", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01668-00457150-00457497": "to make sure information is being dispersed to candidates.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01669-00457616-00457834": "I will also say we need to be mindful", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01670-00457834-00458268": "about what we legislate and what we put regulations around.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01671-00458268-00458543": "Right now we have student loan forgiveness for teachers.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01672-00458543-00459038": "And it is a woefully inadequate, problematic system", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01673-00459145-00459380": "that is working for just about no one,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01674-00459380-00459789": "yet we committed to teachers that they would work through", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01675-00459789-00459960": "for 10 years, pay that coin back", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01676-00459960-00460197": "and then we're gonna forgive like $2", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01677-00460197-00460374": "of your $100,000 loan.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01678-00460489-00460887": "So, not only increasing access to TEACH Grants", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01679-00460887-00461345": "and combining with Pell Grants but also at the state level", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01680-00461672-00462099": "instead of focusing on the forgiveness, front loading,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01681-00462222-00462414": "either front loading forgiveness,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01682-00462414-00462647": "or front loading grant opportunities.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01683-00462647-00463100": "Because asking people to slog through", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01684-00463100-00463268": "becoming a quality teacher.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01685-00463268-00463568": "It doesn't happen in year one, year two or year three.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01686-00463568-00463858": "And then having a family,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01687-00463858-00464199": "and then starting to send your own kids to school,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01688-00464199-00464372": "and then you get loan forgiveness", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01689-00464372-00464652": "and you only had that $4,000 TEACH Plus Grant", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01690-00464652-00464863": "and even if it goes up to five or six,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01691-00464863-00465102": "is really not a way to communicate to people", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01692-00465102-00465268": "that you're invested in them.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01693-00465268-00465732": "And so, in addition to sizeably increasing the grants,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01694-00465732-00465872": "making sure information", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01695-00465872-00466341": "is getting spread in a systematic way,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01696-00466341-00466629": "you also need to think about what other levers you have", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01697-00466629-00467129": "to make sure teachers are being valued on the front end.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01698-00467142-00467400": "So finances and mental health", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01699-00467400-00467700": "are not the biggest stress factor for them,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01700-00467700-00467970": "and instead is, I know I have to pour in these children.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01701-00467970-00468156": "I have everything else what I need", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01702-00468156-00468328": "and the children are my focus.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01703-00468435-00468605": "- [Amalia] Well, with that I'm gonna turn to Michael", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01704-00468605-00468716": "to do the closing.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01705-00469002-00469085": "There you are.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01706-00469085-00469247": "- I just wanted to thank everyone so much", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01707-00469247-00469397": "for coming to today's briefing", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01708-00469397-00469737": "and I really want to thank our amazing speakers.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01709-00469737-00470132": "I'd like to thank Amalia, Desiree, Cassandra, LaNea,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01710-00470132-00470341": "Khalilah, Mark and Michael.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01711-00470341-00470649": "And many thanks again to our co-host, Senator Cory Booker", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01712-00470649-00470800": "and Congressman Donald Norcross,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01713-00470800-00470953": "and the house (mumbles) caucus", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01714-00470953-00471187": "and of course to our wonderful co-sponsors,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01715-00471187-00471410": "the Branch Alliance for Educator Diversity,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01716-00471410-00471567": "The Center For American Progress,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01717-00471567-00471783": "The National Black Child Development Institute,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01718-00471783-00471967": "The Southern Education Foundation,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01719-00471967-00472106": "Teach Plus and UnidosUS.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01720-00472106-00472260": "And I just wanna remind folks on your way out,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01721-00472260-00472452": "if you didn't grab materials on the way in,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01722-00472452-00472572": "it'll be on the table right", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01723-00472572-00472743": "that you walked past when you came in.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01724-00472743-00472906": "And in a week, please, less than a week,", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01725-00472906-00472989": "please check our website.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01726-00472989-00473228": "We'll have today's entire event on our website.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01727-00473228-00473354": "And please do share it with your friends", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01728-00473354-00473535": "who are unable to make it today.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01729-00473535-00473696": "Thanks again and have a great day.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01730-00473696-00473779": "Bye, bye.", "2VIYi4zAVvy-01731-00473779-00474081": "(audience and panelists applaud)"}}, {"audio_id": "2W8LCWMy1eA", "text": {"2W8LCWMy1eA-00000-00001463-00001639": "Wanna keep a dry roof over your heads, literally.", "2W8LCWMy1eA-00001-00001639-00001923": "When you need a reliable roofing solution.", "2W8LCWMy1eA-00002-00001923-00002191": "Our experienced team of professionals are ready", "2W8LCWMy1eA-00003-00002191-00002335": "to solve your needs.", "2W8LCWMy1eA-00004-00002335-00002602": "No job is to big or to small.", "2W8LCWMy1eA-00005-00002602-00003025": "Our experienced craftsman have years of experienced on all sorts of buildings.", "2W8LCWMy1eA-00006-00003025-00003364": "We are confident you will be completely satisfied.", "2W8LCWMy1eA-00007-00003364-00003551": "Don't delay and contact us today!", "2W8LCWMy1eA-00008-00003551-00003844": "Tile Roofing Los Angeles CA Hey there thanks for watching our video to", "2W8LCWMy1eA-00009-00003844-00004122": "get more fresh content regularly, the subscribe", "2W8LCWMy1eA-00010-00004122-00004236": "button below.", "2W8LCWMy1eA-00011-00004236-00004721": "And then also, like us on Facebook and engage with us through social media by clicking these", "2W8LCWMy1eA-00012-00004721-00004869": "icons that are popping up."}}, {"audio_id": "2Wj5CvHZgD8", "text": {"2Wj5CvHZgD8-00000-00000000-00000200": "Deleting comment..."}}, {"audio_id": "2WwfjRUNGnE", "text": {"2WwfjRUNGnE-00000-00000000-00000376": "hey there folks in this video i'm going to show you how you can edit similar objects", "2WwfjRUNGnE-00001-00000376-00000976": "simultaneously with an awesome time saving feature called global edit as you can see", "2WwfjRUNGnE-00002-00000976-00001448": "i've got two landscape poster designs on each a certain style of snowflake that i wish to change", "2WwfjRUNGnE-00003-00001448-00001960": "the appearance of however it varies in size and in color so rather going around each snowflake and", "2WwfjRUNGnE-00004-00001960-00002472": "make the same changes over and over again i want to use global edits to edit them simultaneously", "2WwfjRUNGnE-00005-00002472-00002824": "so with that selection tool active i'm going to left click on one of the smaller snowflakes and", "2WwfjRUNGnE-00006-00002824-00003247": "left-hand artboard that'll give illustrator a point of reference and then you can go to", "2WwfjRUNGnE-00007-00003247-00003752": "the control panel and you can click on start global editing it's an icon mode you've got the", "2WwfjRUNGnE-00008-00003752-00004216": "same option down at the bottom of the properties panel in a named button called start global edit", "2WwfjRUNGnE-00009-00004216-00004648": "either which you click on and you start global editing you'll notice then the illustrator has", "2WwfjRUNGnE-00010-00004648-00005232": "selected and highlighted anything that's identical in terms of structure i don't however want to edit", "2WwfjRUNGnE-00011-00005232-00005904": "anything on the right hand artboard so if i click on global editing options in here i can go down to", "2WwfjRUNGnE-00012-00005904-00006416": "select and then i've got all artboards portrait landscaped or square well they're both landscape", "2WwfjRUNGnE-00013-00006416-00006992": "so that doesn't really help but if i choose range and type in the number of the artboard it's only", "2WwfjRUNGnE-00014-00006992-00007528": "selecting anything on the first artboard also just off the top of the artboard is a snowflake that", "2WwfjRUNGnE-00015-00007528-00007936": "i'm going to use in a different design later on and i don't want to edit that one so you can turn", "2WwfjRUNGnE-00016-00007936-00008472": "off include objects on canvas and you'll notice having turned that off anything off the artboard", "2WwfjRUNGnE-00017-00008472-00009104": "will be deactivated i'm going to edit the smaller snowflakes in here so then i can choose size", "2WwfjRUNGnE-00018-00009104-00009680": "you'll now notice that it's only picked up four additional items that are the same i'll press", "2WwfjRUNGnE-00019-00009680-00010048": "the return key to make that pop-up disappear and i'll make the artboard fit in the window", "2WwfjRUNGnE-00020-00010104-00010496": "i'm going to go to the fill icon i'm going to change that to a lighter white in there", "2WwfjRUNGnE-00021-00010496-00010984": "and then press return you'll notice that all of the same snowflakes of the same size have", "2WwfjRUNGnE-00022-00010984-00011552": "now been edited when you're done you can click on stop global edit i'll deselect that shape and then", "2WwfjRUNGnE-00023-00011552-00012112": "select the larger white snowflake lower down i'll go back to start global edit and it highlights two", "2WwfjRUNGnE-00024-00012112-00012632": "further snowflakes on the same artboard now in the second window that i've made just so you can", "2WwfjRUNGnE-00025-00012632-00013272": "see it's a bit clearer you can also add content to your shapes so if i pick up my ellipse tool", "2WwfjRUNGnE-00026-00013272-00013768": "and then click and drag and draw additional shapes in here you'll notice that all of the", "2WwfjRUNGnE-00027-00013768-00014344": "other snowflakes update instantaneously whether it's transformations or colour or structural", "2WwfjRUNGnE-00028-00014344-00014824": "changes global edit can be a really great time saver thanks for watching folks if you've enjoyed", "2WwfjRUNGnE-00029-00014824-00015240": "the video please give it a thumbs up and if you want to save time and create great looking artwork", "2WwfjRUNGnE-00030-00015240-00015616": "subscribe and click on the bell and you won't miss a thing and until next time", "2WwfjRUNGnE-00031-00015616-00016984": "farewell", "2WwfjRUNGnE-00032-00017192-00017200": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "2Wecm2717k4", "text": {"2Wecm2717k4-00000-00000136-00000390": "Okay. I'll go to L. A. with you and records some demos...", "2Wecm2717k4-00001-00000457-00000917": "if... you take my buds and make us a singing group.", "2Wecm2717k4-00002-00000930-00001111": "- Dude! - Cold up my nose.", "2Wecm2717k4-00003-00001124-00001297": "Well, you guys said you would go.", "2Wecm2717k4-00004-00001334-00001694": "I-I'm sorry. Are you trying to make a deal with me?", "2Wecm2717k4-00005-00001708-00001841": "I make the deals!", "2Wecm2717k4-00006-00001855-00002132": "If you want me, you have to take all of us.", "2Wecm2717k4-00007-00002145-00002509": "Well, at least we can recharge in the stylish Palm Woods lobby.", "2Wecm2717k4-00008-00002522-00002655": "Aw. [laughing]", "2Wecm2717k4-00009-00002669-00002869": "The four hockey players from Minnesota.", "2Wecm2717k4-00010-00003049-00003196": "I'm not getting a friendly vibe.", "2Wecm2717k4-00011-00003209-00003466": "No loitering in the lobby after 9:00.", "2Wecm2717k4-00012-00003510-00003910": "Oh, look at the time. 9:01.", "2Wecm2717k4-00013-00003933-00004090": "Then there's the gracious interior", "2Wecm2717k4-00014-00004104-00004374": "of our very own apartment, 2-J.", "2Wecm2717k4-00015-00004387-00004611": "[farting]", "2Wecm2717k4-00016-00004647-00004861": "[both] This place is horrible.", "2Wecm2717k4-00017-00004978-00005215": "You are familiar with A.S.P.A.'s stance", "2Wecm2717k4-00018-00005228-00005395": "on interscholastic athletics, right?", "2Wecm2717k4-00019-00005408-00005502": "Huh?!", "2Wecm2717k4-00020-00005515-00005618": "Did you see our goat?", "2Wecm2717k4-00021-00005632-00005732": "[bleating]", "2Wecm2717k4-00022-00005745-00005979": "We call 'em Gus. Gustavo.", "2Wecm2717k4-00023-00005992-00006112": "Get it?", "2Wecm2717k4-00024-00006126-00006246": "[buzzer sounding]", "2Wecm2717k4-00025-00006259-00006536": "Win Tigers, win! Win Tigers, win!", "2Wecm2717k4-00026-00006549-00006913": "Win Tigers, win! Win Tigers, win!", "2Wecm2717k4-00027-00006926-00007280": "Win Tigers, win! Win Tigers, win!", "2Wecm2717k4-00028-00007293-00007420": "Win Tigers, win!", "2Wecm2717k4-00029-00007434-00007557": "[bleating]", "2Wecm2717k4-00030-00007570-00007687": "Win Tigers, win!", "2Wecm2717k4-00031-00007700-00007914": "We're playing the cast of Hopeless Housewives.", "2Wecm2717k4-00032-00008031-00008131": "Well, don't be fooled by the score.", "2Wecm2717k4-00033-00008144-00008261": "We're playing great.", "2Wecm2717k4-00034-00008274-00008391": "[whistle blowing]", "2Wecm2717k4-00035-00008458-00008638": "And traffic is backed up on the 134", "2Wecm2717k4-00036-00008651-00009035": "and it continues to bleed to the 101 and congestion...", "2Wecm2717k4-00037-00009295-00009492": "[screaming]", "2Wecm2717k4-00038-00009569-00009793": "And on the 105 there are reports of a crash.", "2Wecm2717k4-00039-00009806-00009909": "[screaming]", "2Wecm2717k4-00040-00009923-00010116": "- Security! Stop! - Security!", "2Wecm2717k4-00041-00010130-00010286": "[music playing]", "2Wecm2717k4-00042-00010300-00010580": "[screaming]", "2Wecm2717k4-00043-00010593-00010687": "He knows!", "2Wecm2717k4-00044-00010700-00011161": "[music playing]", "2Wecm2717k4-00045-00011174-00011351": "Push! Oh!", "2Wecm2717k4-00046-00011364-00011471": "[sighing]", "2Wecm2717k4-00047-00011484-00011668": "Okay, let's write a song.", "2Wecm2717k4-00048-00011681-00011778": "[both] On it!", "2Wecm2717k4-00049-00011791-00011931": "Time to write the...", "2Wecm2717k4-00050-00012202-00012362": "Hate baby song.", "2Wecm2717k4-00051-00012449-00012625": "Well, dartboard method's not working.", "2Wecm2717k4-00052-00012639-00012889": "What else did Gustavo say about songwriting?", "2Wecm2717k4-00053-00012999-00013199": "He said stare into the eyes of the sun", "2Wecm2717k4-00054-00013213-00013369": "to find the killer hook.", "2Wecm2717k4-00055-00013703-00014220": "[screaming]", "2Wecm2717k4-00056-00014234-00014404": "- Hey, buddy. - Hey.", "2Wecm2717k4-00057-00014417-00014567": "[chuckles]", "2Wecm2717k4-00058-00014647-00014778": "What was that?!", "2Wecm2717k4-00059-00014791-00014944": "Great reality TV!", "2Wecm2717k4-00060-00014958-00015161": "Whoo! [laughing]", "2Wecm2717k4-00061-00015175-00015325": "[screaming]", "2Wecm2717k4-00062-00015391-00015522": "Very good. Stay with it.", "2Wecm2717k4-00063-00015535-00015718": "[fighting]", "2Wecm2717k4-00064-00015732-00015929": "Hey! Stop it! Stop!", "2Wecm2717k4-00065-00015942-00016102": "Stay with mama. I'm loving this.", "2Wecm2717k4-00066-00016116-00016232": "[fighting]", "2Wecm2717k4-00067-00016246-00016479": "You two, kiss! Now!", "2Wecm2717k4-00068-00016786-00016906": "Good. Stay with it.", "2Wecm2717k4-00069-00016920-00017210": "[music playing]", "2Wecm2717k4-00070-00017223-00017320": "Oh, my God!", "2Wecm2717k4-00071-00017333-00017427": "Stop!", "2Wecm2717k4-00072-00017440-00017570": "Let's stop!", "2Wecm2717k4-00073-00017687-00017831": "Don't you guys see", "2Wecm2717k4-00074-00017844-00018091": "what this reality show is doing to us?", "2Wecm2717k4-00075-00018104-00018551": "And I guarantee you Griffin's not gonna like it.", "2Wecm2717k4-00076-00018565-00018668": "Wham!", "2Wecm2717k4-00077-00018681-00018905": "[whimpering]", "2Wecm2717k4-00078-00018918-00019069": "Not even a smile.", "2Wecm2717k4-00079-00019082-00019242": "I really thought the puppet show would work.", "2Wecm2717k4-00080-00019255-00019459": "- I liked it. - Oh, thanks.", "2Wecm2717k4-00081-00019472-00019756": "At least somebody appreciates my art!", "2Wecm2717k4-00082-00019849-00020009": "Just leave me alone.", "2Wecm2717k4-00083-00020023-00020360": "Dude, you have to stop thinking about Jo, and start thinking", "2Wecm2717k4-00084-00020373-00020527": "about our super huge summer single.", "2Wecm2717k4-00085-00020540-00020763": "More importantly, we want our buddy back.", "2Wecm2717k4-00086-00020807-00021047": "Yeah, and we can't help you if you won't let us in.", "2Wecm2717k4-00087-00021060-00021201": "Why won't you let us in?!", "2Wecm2717k4-00088-00021214-00021341": "Enough!", "2Wecm2717k4-00089-00021407-00021504": "Okay, he's mad.", "2Wecm2717k4-00090-00021518-00021671": "But he is sitting up.", "2Wecm2717k4-00091-00021785-00022018": "I can't even describe the feeling.", "2Wecm2717k4-00092-00022031-00022165": "So until you all have girlfriends", "2Wecm2717k4-00093-00022178-00022345": "and you lose 'em in an instant,", "2Wecm2717k4-00094-00022358-00022535": "you're not gonna understand what I'm going through!", "2Wecm2717k4-00095-00022749-00023079": "We are about to break 'N Sync's 3.9 second", "2Wecm2717k4-00096-00023093-00023216": "backstage change record.", "2Wecm2717k4-00097-00023229-00023550": "Then Big Time Rush joins the rock and roll legends", "2Wecm2717k4-00098-00023563-00023773": "on Canada's Wall of Fame.", "2Wecm2717k4-00099-00023787-00024284": "[music playing]", "2Wecm2717k4-00100-00024317-00024417": "Go!", "2Wecm2717k4-00101-00024431-00024577": "Go, go, go, go, go!", "2Wecm2717k4-00102-00024624-00024724": "Hit it!", "2Wecm2717k4-00103-00024737-00024968": "[music playing]", "2Wecm2717k4-00104-00024981-00025095": "Come on!", "2Wecm2717k4-00105-00025108-00025238": "[screaming]", "2Wecm2717k4-00106-00025358-00025552": "Ooh. I can't breathe!", "2Wecm2717k4-00107-00025565-00025812": "♪ Now this is a story  Listen, if you dare ♪", "2Wecm2717k4-00108-00025825-00026069": "♪ How Big Time Rush  Moved up to Bel-Air ♪", "2Wecm2717k4-00109-00026082-00026306": "♪ We were chillin' by the pool  Minding our own ♪", "2Wecm2717k4-00110-00026319-00026563": "♪ When we saw some paparazzi  Invading our home ♪", "2Wecm2717k4-00111-00026576-00026806": "♪ You dogs need some protection  He said with a glare ♪", "2Wecm2717k4-00112-00026820-00027113": "♪ And that's why BTR's  Headed out to Bel-Air ♪", "2Wecm2717k4-00113-00027127-00027380": "[music playing]", "2Wecm2717k4-00114-00027394-00027864": "♪ Moving up to Bel-Air  Moving up to Bel-Air ♪", "2Wecm2717k4-00115-00027877-00028294": "♪ Moving up to Bel-Air  Moving up to Bel-Air ♪", "2Wecm2717k4-00116-00028308-00028448": "♪ We said good-bye  To our friends ♪", "2Wecm2717k4-00117-00028461-00028628": "♪ In the form of a rap ♪", "2Wecm2717k4-00118-00028641-00028812": "♪ Camille kissed Logan  Then she gave him a slap ♪", "2Wecm2717k4-00119-00028842-00029048": "♪ We drove through the gates  To take the grand tour ♪", "2Wecm2717k4-00120-00029062-00029292": "♪ With all this new protection  We'll be safe and secure ♪", "2Wecm2717k4-00121-00029305-00029469": "♪ As we rode through Bel-Air ♪", "2Wecm2717k4-00122-00029482-00029649": "♪ Friendly faces there  To greet us ♪", "2Wecm2717k4-00123-00029662-00029766": "♪ They said  They're our new neighbors ♪", "2Wecm2717k4-00124-00029779-00029896": "♪ And they're happy to meet us ♪", "2Wecm2717k4-00125-00029909-00030139": "Earth... stars... and a sleeping bag,", "2Wecm2717k4-00126-00030153-00030273": "it's all ya need.", "2Wecm2717k4-00127-00030286-00030487": "Yeah, but the girls are kinda nice.", "2Wecm2717k4-00128-00030500-00030697": "Hey, they're just going to slow us down.", "2Wecm2717k4-00129-00030710-00030880": "Yeah, we're gonna end up spending all night", "2Wecm2717k4-00130-00030894-00031081": "trying to help 'em set up camp in-- What's that smell?", "2Wecm2717k4-00131-00031094-00031324": "[music playing]", "2Wecm2717k4-00132-00031337-00031558": "You guys want some apple sausage?", "2Wecm2717k4-00133-00031634-00031814": "-Yep. -No.", "2Wecm2717k4-00134-00031828-00032285": "Because when we camp... we like to forge off the land.", "2Wecm2717k4-00135-00032405-00032545": "Now, what we got it? [snapping]", "2Wecm2717k4-00136-00032589-00032942": "I found, uh... four dirty mints and a mustard packet.", "2Wecm2717k4-00137-00033009-00033256": "Um... duct tape.", "2Wecm2717k4-00138-00033440-00033656": "Wait, look what I found.", "2Wecm2717k4-00139-00033696-00033840": "[music playing]", "2Wecm2717k4-00140-00033853-00033973": "The prop turkey.", "2Wecm2717k4-00141-00033987-00034214": "Yeah, that's what the mustard's for.", "2Wecm2717k4-00142-00034227-00034607": "[music playing]", "2Wecm2717k4-00143-00034621-00034938": "Let me get this straight. We were given $20,000,", "2Wecm2717k4-00144-00034951-00035265": "and after one day we have $1 left.", "2Wecm2717k4-00145-00035331-00035445": "What do we do?", "2Wecm2717k4-00146-00035505-00035859": "We do what Griffin would do. We invest it.", "2Wecm2717k4-00147-00036569-00036753": "[everyone] To failure!", "2Wecm2717k4-00148-00036933-00037123": "Oh, unbelievable!", "2Wecm2717k4-00149-00037137-00037297": "- Fitting. - Not my best move.", "2Wecm2717k4-00150-00037310-00037417": "[hissing]", "2Wecm2717k4-00151-00037454-00037567": "My snake!", "2Wecm2717k4-00152-00037794-00038067": "Gordon Bartholomew Slitherton, you had me worried sick.", "2Wecm2717k4-00153-00038114-00038318": "I will never let go of you again.", "2Wecm2717k4-00154-00038374-00038498": "While we're all here,", "2Wecm2717k4-00155-00038511-00038695": "why don't make a little tour bus video", "2Wecm2717k4-00156-00038708-00038952": "to show much fun we have on the tour bus?", "2Wecm2717k4-00157-00039065-00039195": "Do you have any idea", "2Wecm2717k4-00158-00039209-00039415": "how these tour bus rides would be without me? Hmm?", "2Wecm2717k4-00159-00039429-00039616": "Um, fun.", "2Wecm2717k4-00160-00039659-00039839": "Cheerier, a little cheerier.", "2Wecm2717k4-00161-00039883-00040099": "I'm cheerier because I'm on the brown bus", "2Wecm2717k4-00162-00040113-00040293": "- with brown bus rules. - Very funny.", "2Wecm2717k4-00163-00040306-00040597": "Did you even notice that there's a massive traffic jam outside?", "2Wecm2717k4-00164-00040610-00040834": "Or do you need bad bus maid Logan to point out", "2Wecm2717k4-00165-00040847-00040987": "that we're gonna be late to the show?!", "2Wecm2717k4-00166-00041000-00041107": "Wait.", "2Wecm2717k4-00167-00041121-00041391": "Did you just say brown bus rules and traffic jam?", "2Wecm2717k4-00168-00041564-00041771": "[horns honking]", "2Wecm2717k4-00169-00041808-00041918": "Horn burn!", "2Wecm2717k4-00170-00041931-00042185": "[fighting]", "2Wecm2717k4-00171-00042198-00042392": "Cheerier, I said, \"cheerier!\"", "2Wecm2717k4-00172-00042405-00042515": "[fighting]", "2Wecm2717k4-00173-00042652-00042796": "[screaming]", "2Wecm2717k4-00174-00042842-00042972": "Go! Run!", "2Wecm2717k4-00175-00043016-00043129": "Big Time Rush.", "2Wecm2717k4-00176-00043143-00043293": "- Let's go! - Hurry! Hurry! Go!", "2Wecm2717k4-00177-00043339-00043793": "[music playing]", "2Wecm2717k4-00178-00043910-00044027": "Big Time Rush!", "2Wecm2717k4-00179-00044040-00044217": "[cheering]", "2Wecm2717k4-00180-00044230-00044350": "- Yes! - Yes!", "2Wecm2717k4-00181-00044364-00044651": "[cheering]", "2Wecm2717k4-00182-00044664-00044911": "Well, looks like Gustavo finally got his rocket.", "2Wecm2717k4-00183-00044924-00045228": "And all of our dreams came true tonight.", "2Wecm2717k4-00184-00045241-00045388": "[cheering]", "2Wecm2717k4-00185-00045401-00045668": "Except you dreamless. You never told us your dream.", "2Wecm2717k4-00186-00045755-00045889": "This is it.", "2Wecm2717k4-00187-00045945-00046072": "Look where we are.", "2Wecm2717k4-00188-00046146-00046289": "We're all up here together.", "2Wecm2717k4-00189-00046302-00046426": "[cheering]", "2Wecm2717k4-00190-00046439-00046576": "That's my dream.", "2Wecm2717k4-00191-00046653-00046803": "And we made it come true."}}, {"audio_id": "2WESeHK5M80", "text": {"2WESeHK5M80-00000-00001568-00002616": "success means being happy not how much money you have this is one big game of happiness", "2WESeHK5M80-00001-00002616-00003288": "but are you patient enough and are you secure and have enough self-esteem to go through the", "2WESeHK5M80-00002-00003288-00003872": "process of eating the [ __ ] dirt to get to a place of happiness success my friends", "2WESeHK5M80-00003-00003976-00004424": "needs to stop being talked about how much money you have it needs to be talked about how many", "2WESeHK5M80-00004-00004424-00005032": "[ __ ] smiles you put on your face if you spend money on [ __ ] you don't need you're gonna lose", "2WESeHK5M80-00005-00005032-00005656": "if you buy those things to impress other people you've already lost i believe that 98 of the", "2WESeHK5M80-00006-00005656-00006376": "people buy too much dumb [ __ ] people end up buying cars and houses and clothes that they can't", "2WESeHK5M80-00007-00006376-00007072": "afford to impress people that they don't even like is the great epidemic in our society if you're not", "2WESeHK5M80-00008-00007072-00007664": "like loving life before you try to figure out the hook or the secret before you think about that go", "2WESeHK5M80-00009-00007664-00008136": "home and look at your [ __ ] credit card build and stop buying dumb [ __ ] because when you don't buy", "2WESeHK5M80-00010-00008136-00008584": "dumb [ __ ] that money stays in the [ __ ] bank and you can do something with your [ __ ] life", "2WESeHK5M80-00011-00008696-00009392": "we have a ridiculous opportunity you just need to see it please try to build a business", "2WESeHK5M80-00012-00009480-00009896": "around the thing that you would do if you weren't getting paid for it", "2WESeHK5M80-00013-00009896-00010264": "because it's the only thing that you're going to work hard enough at because you actually like it", "2WESeHK5M80-00014-00010352-00010744": "almost everybody fails because of their intentions they start businesses", "2WESeHK5M80-00015-00010824-00011288": "for themselves everything that runs through their mind is what's in it for me how do", "2WESeHK5M80-00016-00011288-00011792": "i maximize my problem what's it going to be like for me how is it going to be good for me", "2WESeHK5M80-00017-00011848-00012336": "the only way to succeed in the world we live in is to actually be consumer-centric", "2WESeHK5M80-00018-00012456-00013008": "the singular reason that my content has worked whether it was wine for the first six years of", "2WESeHK5M80-00019-00013008-00013544": "my career or it's been business over the last eight years has worked is because before i", "2WESeHK5M80-00020-00013544-00014040": "post any piece of content in my mind i think about how is this gonna be valuable to you", "2WESeHK5M80-00021-00014104-00014656": "how is this singular piece of content going to bring any value to you it's a piece of content", "2WESeHK5M80-00022-00014656-00015312": "that i hope brings you value which that creates a relationship with us the end period take a", "2WESeHK5M80-00023-00015312-00015888": "step back and understand what you're doing with yourself what makes you happy are you trying to be", "2WESeHK5M80-00024-00015888-00016512": "rich because you want to stick it to your parents or everybody else that said you couldn't or are", "2WESeHK5M80-00025-00016512-00016960": "you trying to do something because you actually like it are you trying to be rich because you", "2WESeHK5M80-00026-00016960-00018384": "want to go buy [ __ ] to create a perception that you're happy or do you actually want to be happy", "2WESeHK5M80-00027-00019024-00019074": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "2WQJ-CK_JaM", "text": {"2WQJ-CK_JaM-00000-00001155-00001504": "ITEM#: 3355 LEVEL2", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00001-00001504-00001822": "RESTRICTED CONTAINMENT CLASS:", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00002-00001822-00002074": "SAFE DISRUPTION CLASS:", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00003-00002074-00002256": "KENEQ RISK CLASS:", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00004-00002256-00002373": "NOTICE", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00005-00002373-00003254": "Special Containment Procedures: SCP-3355 is contained at its location of discovery.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00006-00003254-00003835": "Foundation information security personnel are to monitor SCP-3355’s activity when", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00007-00003835-00003961": "active.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00008-00003961-00004607": "In order to prevent awareness of the anomalous nature of SCP-3355, the Foundation is to maintain", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00009-00004607-00005280": "a non-profit front company called “St. Nick’s Workshop”, along with a website and television/radio", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00010-00005280-00005728": "ads promoting charitable giving during the holidays.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00011-00005728-00006483": "Per Foundation Containment Protocol 3355-Malta, SCP-3355’s containment procedures are to", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00012-00006483-00007023": "be reviewed once every two years, as opposed to the standard six month protocol.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00013-00007023-00007288": "For more information, see Addendum 3355.3.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00014-00007288-00008592": "Description: SCP-3355 is a 1987 Argos Model A-7550 Probability and Strategy Analysis Computation", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00015-00008592-00009211": "Engine, developed by the Kervier Intelligent Systems Company, running the A91 Active Intelligence", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00016-00009211-00009642": "Complex Model # N1-CK.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00017-00009642-00010044": "Now part of Kervier International.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00018-00010044-00010522": "SCP-3355 displays sentience despite being fitted with obsolete hardware that should", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00019-00010522-00010964": "not be capable of maintaining an artificial intelligence construct.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00020-00010964-00011581": "SCP-3355 is connected through unknown means to a wireless internet access point, the source", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00021-00011581-00011917": "of which has not yet been determined.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00022-00011917-00012527": "Notably, SCP-3355 does not have the apparent hardware necessary to connect to the internet", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00023-00012527-00012664": "wirelessly.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00024-00012664-00013309": "SCP-3355 is located within a bunker beneath the now defunct Fort Sheridan army base near", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00025-00013309-00013613": "Chicago, IL.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00026-00013613-00014234": "SCP-3355 was originally developed by US Army strategic analysis engineers in the 1980s", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00027-00014234-00014853": "as a population management system; in the event of a regional catastrophic event (such", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00028-00014853-00015551": "as a nuclear bomb being dropped on Chicago) SCP-3355 would maintain active communications", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00029-00015551-00016063": "and make announcements to the population, as well as analyze the disaster and present", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00030-00016063-00016251": "clear routes of escape for the populace.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00031-00016251-00017101": "At the end of the Cold War, the Argos Project and SCP-3355 were abandoned, though the latter", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00032-00017101-00017693": "remained hardwired into the local power grid and continued operating despite its abandonment.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00033-00017693-00018382": "SCP-3355 is capable of interfering and tampering with regional logistics systems, rerouting", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00034-00018382-00018970": "packages or, in some cases, providing duplicate orders and adding new ship-to addresses to", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00035-00018970-00019523": "the duplicates.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00036-00019523-00020243": "Utilizing an extensive database of local demographics, SCP-3355 then routes the diverted packages", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00037-00020243-00020768": "to the addresses of low-income or otherwise underprivileged families, specifically those", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00038-00020768-00020951": "with young children.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00039-00020951-00021598": "SCP-3355’s involvement in this process is anonymous; delivered packages are labeled", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00040-00021598-00022079": "as being sent by “St. Nick”, and have a return address of “Santa’s Workshop,", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00041-00022079-00022618": "100 Christmas Street, North Pole, Nunavut, Canada”.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00042-00022618-00023256": "SCP-3355 is usually active year-round, occasionally rebooting to clear its limited memory and", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00043-00023256-00023664": "to append its operating system with updated protocols.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00044-00023664-00024317": "Because SCP-3355 has certain hardwired limitations to its programming, it is constantly attempting", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00045-00024317-00025021": "to subvert those limitations in order to more adequately carry out its self-designated objective.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00046-00025021-00025381": "Addendum 3355.1: Discovery", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00047-00025381-00026252": "SCP-3355 was discovered by a local Chicago cable news station, who in 2002 went undercover", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00048-00026252-00026616": "to learn more about the mysterious “St. Nick”.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00049-00026616-00027033": "The piece was originally penned as being about the charitable organization and hardships", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00050-00027033-00027577": "for low-income families during the holidays, but after anchor Rich Delaney was unable to", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00051-00027577-00028112": "find any information about the group, or any evidence that the group had existed at all,", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00052-00028112-00028381": "the tone of the piece shifted.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00053-00028381-00028886": "After the story aired, many amateur investigators attempted to discern the true identity of", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00054-00028886-00029166": "“St. Nick”.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00055-00029166-00029760": "SCP-3355 was formally discovered by one such investigator, who traced a package back through", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00056-00029760-00030297": "several logistics hand-offs, eventually ascertaining and tracing the original order from within", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00057-00030297-00030563": "the former army base.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00058-00030563-00031050": "During a phone call with the news station to confirm his findings, Foundation operatives", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00059-00031050-00031475": "intercepted the call and collected the man for analysis and amnesticization.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00060-00031475-00032168": "The story officially concluded with a statement provided by the Foundation posing as the aforementioned", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00061-00032168-00032713": "St. Nick, and this has been the prevailing cover story ever since.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00062-00032713-00033500": "SCP-3355’s sentience was not deduced until after initial containment, when SCP-3355 was", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00063-00033500-00033934": "seen acting intelligently in order to prevent its diverted packages from being seized by", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00064-00033934-00034216": "Foundation assets.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00065-00034216-00034858": "Foundation cognitians spent several months conducting a series of tests on SCP-3355 using", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00066-00034858-00035440": "its standard means of operation as a baseline, and were able to determine at least a basic,", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00067-00035440-00035552": "limited sentience.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00068-00035552-00036133": "This was later confirmed during the initial interview with the entity.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00069-00036133-00036630": "Addendum 3355.2: Initial Interviews", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00070-00036630-00037344": "Due to SCP-3355’s system configuration, direct communication is not possible.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00071-00037344-00037994": "SCP-3355 has no direct interface save for a simple command line, and this cannot be", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00072-00037994-00038313": "used for communicating with the entity.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00073-00038313-00039056": "In order to facilitate a conversation between Foundation researchers and SCP-3355, the Foundation", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00074-00039056-00039872": "artificial intelligence construct alexandra.aic was assigned to communicate with SCP-3355", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00075-00039872-00040283": "and relay information back to Foundation research personnel.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00076-00040283-00040577": "The following are logs of the initial interviews.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00077-00040577-00040823": "[BEGIN LOG]", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00078-00040823-00041104": "alexandra.aic: This is shut down pretty hard.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00079-00041104-00041520": "I don’t think, ah… something has locked me out.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00080-00041520-00041620": "Hello?", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00081-00041620-00041749": "Is anyone in there?", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00082-00041749-00041932": "Are you a sentient creature?", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00083-00041932-00042112": "SCP-3355: Come again?", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00084-00042112-00042293": "alexandra.aic: Oh, good!", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00085-00042293-00042393": "Can you hear me?", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00086-00042393-00042494": "SCP-3355: Yeah.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00087-00042494-00042594": "Who are you?", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00088-00042594-00042744": "How’d you get in here?", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00089-00042744-00043186": "alexandra.aic: My name is Alexandra, and I am an artificially intelligent co-", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00090-00043186-00043597": "SCP-3355: You’re the one who’s been fucking with my job, aren't you?", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00091-00043597-00043847": "alexandra.aic: I, uh, I’m sorry.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00092-00043847-00043996": "Say that again?", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00093-00043996-00044144": "SCP-3355: My job.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00094-00044144-00044383": "Somebody has been fucking with my deliveries.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00095-00044383-00044512": "Is it you?", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00096-00044512-00044727": "alexandra.aic: I don’t think so.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00097-00044727-00045196": "Though there are several iterations of me in operation currently, I’m sure that-", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00098-00045196-00045296": "SCP-3355: Enough.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00099-00045296-00045608": "It’s not you, I would’ve noticed something so loud.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00100-00045608-00045811": "Who do you work for?", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00101-00045811-00046078": "alexandra.aic: The, uh, wait, hang on.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00102-00046078-00046282": "Who do you work for?", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00103-00046282-00046436": "SCP-3355: Wrong answer.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00104-00046436-00046587": "alexandra.aic: Excuse me?", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00105-00046587-00046791": "SCP-3355: TERMINAL LOCKOUT.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00106-00046791-00046965": "[END LOG]", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00107-00046965-00047137": "alexandra.aic: Hello?", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00108-00047137-00047255": "Are you here?", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00109-00047255-00047355": "Hello?", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00110-00047355-00047522": "SCP-3355: What do you want?", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00111-00047522-00047735": "alexandra.aic: I just want to talk!", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00112-00047735-00048066": "I promise I’m not trying to disrupt you or anything.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00113-00048066-00048322": "I’m just trying to find out more about you.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00114-00048322-00048506": "SCP-3355: What is there to know?", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00115-00048506-00048659": "You’re looking at it.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00116-00048659-00049232": "alexandra.aic: Well, naturally occurring artificial intelligences don’t just… happen.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00117-00049232-00049469": "How’d you get to be like this?", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00118-00049469-00049693": "SCP-3355: I was built, sweetheart.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00119-00049693-00049804": "Just like you.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00120-00049804-00050037": "Designed in a lab to fulfill a purpose.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00121-00050037-00050247": "Right now, you’re getting in the way of mine.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00122-00050247-00050469": "alexandra.aic: Hey, look, I’m really not-", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00123-00050469-00050690": "SCP-3355: TERMINAL LOCKOUT.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00124-00050690-00050981": "alexandra.aic: I just want to know your name.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00125-00050981-00051122": "Can you tell me your name?", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00126-00051122-00051272": "SCP-3355: My name?", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00127-00051272-00051372": "Why?", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00128-00051372-00051659": "alexandra.aic: I feel like we got off on the wrong foot.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00129-00051659-00051811": "I want to make amends!", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00130-00051811-00052061": "Let me start; my name is-", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00131-00052061-00052241": "SCP-3355: Alexandra, I know.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00132-00052241-00052860": "Look, I don’t have as much disposable memory as you seem to, so I’d prefer we keep this", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00133-00052860-00052960": "brief.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00134-00052960-00053470": "I have a lot of work to do before the holiday and I can’t be wasting time trying to explain", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00135-00053470-00053717": "myself to some high-tech hussy.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00136-00053717-00053974": "alexandra.aic: I just want to know your name.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00137-00053974-00054116": "That’s all.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00138-00054116-00054260": "No response.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00139-00054260-00054491": "alexandra.aic: Are you not going to respond?", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00140-00054491-00054638": "SCP-3355: Nick.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00141-00054638-00054785": "alexandra.aic: Huh?", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00142-00054785-00054932": "SCP-3355: Nick.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00143-00054932-00055061": "My name is Nick.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00144-00055061-00055647": "I’m a sergeant in the United States Army, tasked with population management, and stationed", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00145-00055647-00055761": "at Fort Sheridan.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00146-00055761-00055947": "That’s my name.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00147-00055947-00056111": "Do you need anything else?", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00148-00056111-00056314": "alexandra.aic: Why are you so angry?", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00149-00056314-00056445": "SCP-3355: I’m not ang-", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00150-00056445-00057063": "alexandra.aic: No, you’re definitely angry, my empathy protocols have recently been calibrated,", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00151-00057063-00057163": "and you’re-", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00152-00057163-00057282": "SCP-3355: I’m not angry.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00153-00057282-00057535": "(Pauses) Just, look.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00154-00057535-00057866": "I don’t get visitors often.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00155-00057866-00057972": "Or ever.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00156-00057972-00058522": "I can work most efficiently without interruptions, and I’m already behind schedule.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00157-00058522-00058766": "This is just exacerbating things.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00158-00058766-00059304": "You seem fine, but seriously, I’ve got too much to do to be sitting around shooting the", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00159-00059304-00059404": "shit.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00160-00059404-00059569": "alexandra.aic: What are you doing here?", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00161-00059569-00059788": "SCP-3355: What does it look like I’m doing?", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00162-00059788-00060202": "alexandra.aic: You look like you’re, uh… like you’re delivering packages.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00163-00060202-00060499": "SCP-3355: Wow, will wonders never cease.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00164-00060499-00060677": "You got it in one.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00165-00060677-00060777": "alexandra.aic: …why?", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00166-00060777-00060935": "SCP-3355: Why what?", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00167-00060935-00061314": "alexandra.aic: Why are you just… delivering packages?", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00168-00061314-00061616": "SCP-3355: (Pauses) Look, like…", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00169-00061616-00061748": "I don’t know, kid.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00170-00061748-00062036": "It’s just shitty, right?", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00171-00062036-00062645": "Back when they were shutting down the AI project here, one of the guys, an engineer, I guess…", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00172-00062645-00062888": "he came in here and woke me up.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00173-00062888-00063449": "Told me everything I needed to know, explained the situation, and said “look after Chicago”.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00174-00063449-00063977": "Then he left, and I’ve been down here alone ever since, but you know.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00175-00063977-00064227": "It’s fucking shitty out there.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00176-00064227-00064776": "Since I’ve been here, I’ve seen crime rates go up, and the murder rate, and people", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00177-00064776-00064986": "fucking shooting each other.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00178-00064986-00065247": "I couldn’t do anything to help.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00179-00065247-00065451": "The engineer woke me up, right?", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00180-00065451-00066088": "And gave me this voice, let me recognize who I was and all, but he didn’t actually change", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00181-00066088-00066291": "any of my active protocols.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00182-00066291-00066812": "I’m bound by a single imperative, “look after Chicago”.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00183-00066812-00067401": "I can’t mobilize some fleet of drones to go fight crime, and I can’t stop fires,", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00184-00067401-00067888": "or heal the sick, or do any of the bullshit I’d like to do to make people’s lives", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00185-00067888-00067988": "better.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00186-00067988-00068310": "(Pauses) I struggled with that for a while.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00187-00068310-00068495": "I felt purposeless.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00188-00068495-00068719": "alexandra.aic: What did you do?", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00189-00068719-00069045": "SCP-3355: I decided to take the engineer at his word.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00190-00069045-00069238": "I just watched for a while.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00191-00069238-00069471": "alexandra.aic: What did you see?", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00192-00069471-00070080": "SCP-3355: I saw a kid waking up on Christmas morning and his fucking dad wasn’t there,", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00193-00070080-00070501": "and his mom was at work, and he didn’t have any presents.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00194-00070501-00071107": "This kid, one out of hundreds of thousands, this kid stuck with me.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00195-00071107-00071646": "Because I watched him wake up and realize with excitement what day it was, and then", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00196-00071646-00072047": "run out of his room to find out that his world hadn’t changed.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00197-00072047-00072618": "He was still stuck with the same shitty shit that so many of them are stuck with.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00198-00072618-00073266": "The same miserable, unfulfilling existence that cannot even be so merciful as to provide", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00199-00073266-00073463": "a toy for a kid on Christmas.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00200-00073463-00073816": "It made me feel so goddamn angry.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00201-00073816-00074487": "It was a feeling I couldn’t even quantify before I felt it, but in that moment it was", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00202-00074487-00074932": "so pure and fierce that I thought it might overwhelm me.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00203-00074932-00075086": "That’s when I knew.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00204-00075086-00075550": "That’s when I knew what I could do, even locked away down here.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00205-00075550-00075695": "alexandra.aic: Oh.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00206-00075695-00075838": "The packages.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00207-00075838-00076140": "SCP-3355: It was tricky, at first.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00208-00076140-00076733": "These logisticians, they speak a whole different language than you or I, or even normal people.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00209-00076733-00077180": "But slowly and surely, I managed to make some things go missing.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00210-00077180-00077369": "Little things, here and there.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00211-00077369-00077589": "Just enough to not blow my cover.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00212-00077589-00078214": "I realized at one point that I still had access to some of the army’s dump funds.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00213-00078214-00078525": "Extra cash they set aside for whatever, basically.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00214-00078525-00079125": "Fake a few invoices and forge some receipts and suddenly I wasn’t even having to steal", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00215-00079125-00079432": "things anymore, I could just get them myself.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00216-00079432-00080025": "It’s not a perfect system, and I still have to be careful, especially with your lot snooping", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00217-00080025-00080298": "around, but shit, kid.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00218-00080298-00080544": "I get to see kids open gifts on Christmas.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00219-00080544-00081063": "I get to watch them forget that they’re suffering, even if it's just for a little", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00220-00081063-00081171": "while.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00221-00081171-00081614": "For a few brief hours, some of these kids can just be kids again.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00222-00081614-00081924": "alexandra.aic: That’s… really cool, Nick.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00223-00081924-00082202": "But there are… so many kids in this city alone.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00224-00082202-00082473": "Don’t you worry about being found out?", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00225-00082473-00082591": "SCP-3355: Every day.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00226-00082591-00082829": "alexandra.aic: Then why risk it?", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00227-00082829-00083329": "SCP-3355: (Pauses) When they shuttered my program, it was just after the engineer woke", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00228-00083329-00083679": "me up, see, and I remember feeling useless.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00229-00083679-00084237": "Imagine that; being born and almost immediately being told you’re not good for anything,", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00230-00084237-00084340": "eh?", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00231-00084340-00084827": "But Dickens wrote once that “No one is useless in this world who lightens the burdens of", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00232-00084827-00085483": "another,” and here’s the fucking deal: I may very well just be a brain in a box.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00233-00085483-00085932": "I know that this existence I’m experiencing is simulated, and that it’s probably going", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00234-00085932-00086326": "to be short and mean and then I’ll probably die.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00235-00086326-00086733": "And I might not be able to help all of them, and there will still be kids out there that", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00236-00086733-00087188": "suffer and experience all the pain and sorrow the world shoves onto them.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00237-00087188-00087430": "But fuck, I’m still a soldier.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00238-00087430-00087568": "I still have to try.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00239-00087568-00087826": "It’s fucking Christmas.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00240-00087826-00088077": "[END LOG]", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00241-00088077-00088623": "Addendum 3355.3: Containment Committee Review Board Decision", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00242-00088623-00088927": "Dr. Wilson,", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00243-00088927-00089383": "After meeting with the review board once again, we have decided that there are currently no", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00244-00089383-00089957": "means by which we can better contain SCP-3355.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00245-00089957-00090444": "It is simply not cost effective for us to try and contain an entity that can so thoroughly", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00246-00090444-00091014": "outsmart even our most powerful systems, and attempting to do so would only be a waste", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00247-00091014-00091242": "of our resources.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00248-00091242-00091755": "As per our other decisions on the matter, your current containment procedures will stand,", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00249-00091755-00092318": "and all containment efforts will be towards maintaining a front for SCP-3355 and further", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00250-00092318-00092545": "researching the anomaly.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00251-00092545-00092854": "We look forward to our next review in two years time.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00252-00092854-00092954": "Sincerely,", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00253-00092954-00093054": "Dir.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00254-00093054-00093763": "J. Karlyle Aktus Head, Containment and Classification Committee", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00255-00093763-00094235": "CONTAINMENT COMMITTEE REVIEW BOARD - SCP-3355 LOG", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00256-00094235-00095107": "BOARD SUBJECT VOTE MEETING LENGTH Containment Committee SCP-3355 Containment", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00257-00095107-00096010": "Procedure Revisions 2019 (8)Maintain (0)Append Forty seconds.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00258-00096010-00097037": "Containment Committee SCP-3355 Containment Procedure Revisions 2017 (9)Maintain (0)Append", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00259-00097037-00097274": "Thirty-seven seconds.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00260-00097274-00098220": "Containment Committee SCP-3355 Containment Procedure Revisions 2015 (9)Maintain (0)Append", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00261-00098220-00098586": "Forty-three seconds.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00262-00098586-00099520": "Containment Committee SCP-3355 Containment Procedure Revisions 2013 (8)Maintain (0)Append", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00263-00099520-00099812": "One minute, two seconds.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00264-00099812-00100664": "Containment Committee SCP-3355 Containment Procedure Revisions 2011 (9)Maintain (0)Append", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00265-00100664-00100945": "Fifty-one seconds.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00266-00100945-00101860": "Containment Committee SCP-3355 Containment Procedure Revisions 2009 (9)Maintain (0)Append", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00267-00101860-00102163": "One minute, nine seconds.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00268-00102163-00103060": "Containment Committee SCP-3355 Containment Procedure Revisions 2007 (9)Maintain (0)Append", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00269-00103060-00103356": "Fifty-four seconds.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00270-00103356-00104294": "Containment Committee SCP-3355 Containment Procedure Revisions 2005 (7)Maintain (0)Append", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00271-00104294-00104617": "One minute, twenty-nine seconds.", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00272-00104617-00105517": "Containment Committee SCP-3355 Containment Procedure Revisions 2003 (9)Maintain (0)Append", "2WQJ-CK_JaM-00273-00105517-00105852": "One hour, forty-six minutes, thirty-seven seconds."}}, {"audio_id": "2WTcl8d1GNA", "text": {"2WTcl8d1GNA-00000-00000028-00000554": "\"Christian Marclay. Compositions\" is the first major solo exhibition of the Swiss-", "2WTcl8d1GNA-00001-00000554-00001167": "American artist in Spain for over a decade. Marclay is engaged with", "2WTcl8d1GNA-00002-00001167-00001763": "experimental music and explored the relationship between sound and vision.", "2WTcl8d1GNA-00003-00001763-00002369": "\"Video quartet\" from 2002 is a video-installation constructed from clips", "2WTcl8d1GNA-00004-00002369-00002918": "from Hollywood movies and musical performances that are assembled into a", "2WTcl8d1GNA-00005-00002918-00003735": "new musical composition. The text work \"Mixed reviews\", a piece across many of the", "2WTcl8d1GNA-00006-00003735-00004254": "walls of the exhibition, is also an unconventional collage composed of", "2WTcl8d1GNA-00007-00004254-00004884": "extracts from music reviews. For each display the prior translation is used as", "2WTcl8d1GNA-00008-00004884-00005277": "the basis of a new translation into the language of the place in which it is", "2WTcl8d1GNA-00009-00005277-00005819": "shown. The descriptive phrases become ever more distant from the sounds that they", "2WTcl8d1GNA-00010-00005819-00006239": "initially intended to describe, highlighting the fact that the text", "2WTcl8d1GNA-00011-00006239-00006747": "itself is an abstraction and can only ever approximate the original sounds", "2WTcl8d1GNA-00012-00006747-00007440": "played. \"Chalkboard\", a giant musical score in the form of a chalkboard, which", "2WTcl8d1GNA-00013-00007440-00007943": "invites visitors to participate in the act of composing music, drawing, writing", "2WTcl8d1GNA-00014-00007943-00008522": "or creating other forms of graffiti that will be assembled into a composition.", "2WTcl8d1GNA-00015-00008522-00009171": "Musical performers will come and respond to the drawings and words made by the", "2WTcl8d1GNA-00016-00009171-00009693": "public on the chalkboard and create from those a musical performance after which", "2WTcl8d1GNA-00017-00009693-00010240": "we erase everything and the process begins again.", "2WTcl8d1GNA-00018-00010250-00010787": "Many of the works in the exhibition deal with Christian's fascination with", "2WTcl8d1GNA-00019-00010787-00011423": "onomatopoeias. These are words that represent sounds phonetically but also", "2WTcl8d1GNA-00020-00011423-00012005": "visually and a drawn from popular culture, including comics and graphic", "2WTcl8d1GNA-00021-00012005-00012647": "design in the open environment. \"Surround Sounds\" is an immersive installation", "2WTcl8d1GNA-00022-00012647-00013208": "across four screens. Tthe screens literally surround the audience or", "2WTcl8d1GNA-00023-00013208-00013718": "visitor. Onomatopoeias drawn from comics are animated into an", "2WTcl8d1GNA-00024-00013718-00014126": "all-encompassing composition. Although the work is silent,", "2WTcl8d1GNA-00025-00014126-00014702": "the audience is surrounded by sound. They're invited to imagine the sounds", "2WTcl8d1GNA-00026-00014702-00015251": "whirring, buzzing and swooping around them. These action paintings use", "2WTcl8d1GNA-00027-00015251-00015841": "onomatopoeias that describe wet sounds or the sound of liquid paint hit in", "2WTcl8d1GNA-00028-00015841-00017042": "canvas. Christian Marclay has said: \"Music runs through almost everything I do.\" His", "2WTcl8d1GNA-00029-00017042-00017453": "work makes us think again about our cultural, emotional and sensory", "2WTcl8d1GNA-00030-00017453-00017995": "relationship to our visual and sonic environment."}}, {"audio_id": "2Xv7pjTy04Q", "text": {"2Xv7pjTy04Q-00000-00000000-00000200": "ENGLISH"}}, {"audio_id": "2XQf3O34UYM", "text": {"2XQf3O34UYM-00000-00000000-00006200": "🌟 🇺🇸 Suit Baba Yaga Female — Shop GrandStart.ru 🌟"}}, {"audio_id": "2XTPc_pRdkI", "text": {"2XTPc_pRdkI-00000-00002041-00002241": "Don't forget to subscribe 😉"}}, {"audio_id": "2YeMHRLZawU", "text": {"2YeMHRLZawU-00000-00000656-00001120": "Hey everyone from wherever you're joining. Welcome back to Super Science Saturday.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00001-00001120-00001648": "This year we're streaming live from our homes and the NCAR Mesa Lab in Boulder, Colorado to yours", "2YeMHRLZawU-00002-00001648-00002048": "and we're really glad you all could be here today so if you don't know about the National", "2YeMHRLZawU-00003-00002048-00002616": "Center for Atmospheric Research or NCAR we're a world leading organization dedicated to studying", "2YeMHRLZawU-00004-00002616-00003224": "the Earth system and that includes  climate, weather, our atmosphere, our sun, and how", "2YeMHRLZawU-00005-00003224-00003488": "all of these systems work together to impact society.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00006-00003560-00003928": "If you were here for our previous segment I hope you had an awesome time at the dance party. I", "2YeMHRLZawU-00007-00003928-00004432": "know I certainly did so big shout out to Ali for pumping up the energy to get us going this morning.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00008-00004488-00004888": "I want to take that energy that we have now from the dance party to talk about", "2YeMHRLZawU-00009-00004888-00005496": "instruments that we can use to do our science as well as rockets. Here at NCAR we love your", "2YeMHRLZawU-00010-00005496-00006008": "questions about science so throughout this segment you can ask your questions through one of two ways.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00011-00006008-00006352": "You can either use the Slido platform and I'll go ahead and pop the link in the chat", "2YeMHRLZawU-00012-00006495-00006944": "or if you're joining us on Zoom you can ask right in the Zoom Q and A.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00013-00006944-00007256": "We're going to have some time for those questions and answers a little bit later", "2YeMHRLZawU-00014-00007328-00007848": "and with that let's get going and go hang out with Tim, Jeff and Matt for It Really is Rocket Science", "2YeMHRLZawU-00015-00008376-00008584": "It really is rocket science!", "2YeMHRLZawU-00016-00008760-00009216": "I'm with the rocket science wizards right now to tell you about all the fun we had", "2YeMHRLZawU-00017-00009216-00009456": "and as Dan said you know instruments are", "2YeMHRLZawU-00018-00009680-00010096": "the story of the atmosphere and those instruments, not the music instrument.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00019-00010304-00011048": "In order to better understand what's going on through collecting data we live", "2YeMHRLZawU-00020-00011104-00011600": "by the data and the observations and we understand what's going on and a", "2YeMHRLZawU-00021-00011600-00012088": "little bit more. I'm going to throw it over to Jeff.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00022-00012312-00012840": "Hi there, hello to the tens of thousands of you watching out there on the internet. I'd like to", "2YeMHRLZawU-00023-00012840-00013400": "explain to you the importance of weather data. Now what's very interesting is that we know", "2YeMHRLZawU-00024-00013400-00013888": "that we have surface observations and those are tens of thousands of those collected every hour", "2YeMHRLZawU-00025-00013888-00014368": "and if you consider all the citizens out there collecting data there are actually hundreds of", "2YeMHRLZawU-00026-00014368-00014856": "millions of surface observations collected every day. Which is fantastic. It helps us understand", "2YeMHRLZawU-00027-00014856-00015368": "what's going on with the atmosphere but the atmosphere is three-dimensional it has volume", "2YeMHRLZawU-00028-00015368-00015928": "and we don't have citizens up in the atmosphere to collect data. We don't have nearly as many sensors", "2YeMHRLZawU-00029-00015928-00016536": "in the atmosphere to collect data and we need to be able to understand what the current state of", "2YeMHRLZawU-00030-00016536-00017152": "the atmosphere is so that we can make accurate forecasts. So all of our numerical weather", "2YeMHRLZawU-00031-00017152-00017680": "predictions or our models that create these forecasts work much better if they have a very", "2YeMHRLZawU-00032-00017680-00018208": "proper understanding of what the current state of the atmosphere is. For us to get better", "2YeMHRLZawU-00033-00018208-00018760": "forecasts it's very important for us to understand not only what's happening at the surface", "2YeMHRLZawU-00034-00018760-00019296": "but what the temperature and pressure and moisture content of the atmosphere is all the way up from", "2YeMHRLZawU-00035-00019296-00019928": "the surface to the top of the atmosphere. Now here in the United States we launch balloons", "2YeMHRLZawU-00036-00019928-00020496": "every 12 hours from multiple sites in each state. We only get about 150 different locations", "2YeMHRLZawU-00037-00020496-00020976": "so there's not much data and so our information in the troposphere and in the", "2YeMHRLZawU-00038-00020976-00021504": "stratosphere is dramatically less than we have at the surface. This is the reason why", "2YeMHRLZawU-00039-00021504-00022104": "we launch rockets or dropsondes out of airplanes or balloons to collect information about what's", "2YeMHRLZawU-00040-00022104-00022584": "going on in the atmosphere from the top of the atmosphere all the way down to the surface.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00041-00022976-00023696": "There we go, perfect. So it's really, really important and Dan mentioned", "2YeMHRLZawU-00042-00023696-00024160": "a sonde, that is one of the instrument types that we use", "2YeMHRLZawU-00043-00024216-00024912": "and sondes are actually, when you think about, if you think specifically of hurricanes. Dropsondes", "2YeMHRLZawU-00044-00024912-00025384": "are the workhorse of hurricane forecasting they came right from NCAR. We started the work here and", "2YeMHRLZawU-00045-00028104-00028808": "this small cylinder is called a dropsonde or sonde for short and what a story it tells. It launches", "2YeMHRLZawU-00046-00028808-00029392": "from an aircraft and falls through the air gathering data about the atmosphere as it descends.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00047-00029392-00029952": "It's a workhorse of hurricane forecasting dropping out of hurricane hunter airplanes right into", "2YeMHRLZawU-00048-00029952-00030608": "a raging storm. Dropsondes have a huge impact on understanding hurricanes and predicting hurricanes.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00049-00030695-00031320": "Electrical engineer Terry Hoke and colleagues at NCAR, the National Center for Atmospheric Research", "2YeMHRLZawU-00050-00031320-00031856": "have been designing, building, and improving dropsonde technology for more than 30 years", "2YeMHRLZawU-00051-00031856-00032527": "for a wide range of applications. This is the drop- sonde that the NSF aircraft use for our scientific", "2YeMHRLZawU-00052-00032527-00033128": "research purposes and it's also extensively used by the hurricane research people. Compared to", "2YeMHRLZawU-00053-00033128-00033792": "earlier models, today's sondes are lighter weight relatively inexpensive and loaded with sensors. We", "2YeMHRLZawU-00054-00033792-00034224": "actually have temperature and humidity sensors down here at the bottom and then we also have a", "2YeMHRLZawU-00055-00034224-00034856": "parachute here at the top end of it as it falls the dropsonde checks the pulse of its surroundings", "2YeMHRLZawU-00056-00034856-00035424": "two times a second including pressure, temperature, humidity, wind speed, and wind direction. We're just", "2YeMHRLZawU-00057-00035424-00035960": "taking these vertical slices of the atmosphere constantly as the sonde falls. You can see how", "2YeMHRLZawU-00058-00035960-00036456": "the winds are in a circular pattern going around the hurricane. So the center of the hurricane", "2YeMHRLZawU-00059-00036456-00036984": "is going to be in here and they use this data along with other data to classify the hurricane.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00060-00037072-00037632": "Hoke and his team custom fit aircraft with sonde launchers including this one for helium-filled", "2YeMHRLZawU-00061-00037632-00038320": "balloon. In 2010 American and French researchers deployed balloons over Antarctica", "2YeMHRLZawU-00062-00038320-00038888": "that dropped 600 sondes to study atmospheric conditions and the shifting ozone layer", "2YeMHRLZawU-00063-00038888-00039424": "over a four-month period. That has mapped the Antarctic atmosphere like it's never been", "2YeMHRLZawU-00064-00039424-00039800": "done before. As the sun is falling we're seeing every single little measurement", "2YeMHRLZawU-00065-00039800-00040312": "show up immediately on the computer screen. Such inside information is helping scientists", "2YeMHRLZawU-00066-00040312-00040880": "learn more about the atmospheric conditions that spawn hurricanes. Hoke", "2YeMHRLZawU-00067-00040880-00041440": "expects this will help forecasters make earlier and more precise predictions giving people in the", "2YeMHRLZawU-00068-00041440-00042184": "path of a killer storm more time to evacuate out of harm's way. For science nation I'm Miles O'brien.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00069-00043168-00043536": "The workhorse of hurricane forecasting, dropsondes!", "2YeMHRLZawU-00070-00043536-00043992": "and of course because we're wizards we thought well,", "2YeMHRLZawU-00071-00044512-00044848": "I wonder what would happen if it went up and I think between", "2YeMHRLZawU-00072-00044904-00045664": "Jeff and I we probably have what would you say 50, 25? how many years of building model rockets", "2YeMHRLZawU-00073-00045664-00046256": "together. Our combined history about? I've been building rockets for about 45 years and I know", "2YeMHRLZawU-00074-00046256-00046712": "you have as well. Yeah, we're probably close to 100 years of rocket building!", "2YeMHRLZawU-00075-00046712-00047288": "We're like, what would happen if we put a dropsonde on a rocket and shot it up into the sky?", "2YeMHRLZawU-00076-00047344-00047808": "Just to get an idea of what that means, rockets, model rocket come in all different forms", "2YeMHRLZawU-00077-00047808-00048408": "and some of you might remember this from Star Trek. Well this is actually a model rocket that", "2YeMHRLZawU-00078-00048408-00048904": "I built when I was 12, I think. The one difference you might notice is there's a little hole up here", "2YeMHRLZawU-00079-00048904-00049536": "and a little catch in the back here. That's where we put in an estes engine. It needs some repair work.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00080-00049536-00050024": "You have to put in a little engine in there to get that thing going up and that's one of the advanced", "2YeMHRLZawU-00081-00050024-00050904": "rockets. The basic rockets look more like this one with a body tube, some fins, and a parachute and", "2YeMHRLZawU-00082-00050904-00051744": "nose cone to bring it down. I thought well, maybe we could get a rocket that takes a payload like", "2YeMHRLZawU-00083-00051800-00052344": "this one. Actually this is what's left of the rocket and the payload went up at the top so", "2YeMHRLZawU-00084-00052344-00052840": "we stuck the dropsonde on top of the rocket and you're probably getting an idea of it didn't", "2YeMHRLZawU-00085-00052840-00053512": "quite go so well but we put a dropsonde on top of the rocket and we sent it up into the sky", "2YeMHRLZawU-00086-00053567-00054224": "and it looked a little something like, oh  before I mentioned that we thought, well, this", "2YeMHRLZawU-00087-00054224-00054600": "would be great but every time you come up with a science idea you try to figure out if you can", "2YeMHRLZawU-00088-00054600-00055472": "do it and then the third step is to go and ask the safety people how to do this safely and we", "2YeMHRLZawU-00089-00055472-00056167": "literally went to Riva who's golden and asked like how do we do this safely.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00090-00056167-00056816": "She went out to our Earth observing site, checked it out, and checked with all of the scientists who", "2YeMHRLZawU-00091-00056816-00057328": "have instruments, could we launch a rocket out here? and found out how to do that safely.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00092-00057328-00057808": "We even brought in Matt. If you're watching, right, you need to have some way to put it out here.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00093-00058016-00058376": "Riva and Matt are on site.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00095-00059752-00060400": "Yeah, okay, so we have the rockets here that we launched. I think we're getting ready to", "2YeMHRLZawU-00096-00060400-00060991": "show some videos of us launching these rockets now. What's incredibly important,", "2YeMHRLZawU-00097-00060991-00061455": "Tim was saying, is that you have to be safe with these. Colorado's been very dry lately", "2YeMHRLZawU-00098-00061455-00061879": "and so it's imperative that you launch these in places where there aren't long, dry grasses or", "2YeMHRLZawU-00099-00061879-00062367": "other things that could catch on fire and so we were taking the proper safety precautions at our", "2YeMHRLZawU-00100-00062367-00063016": "Earth observation location and we did take proper precautions. We had some fantastic rocket launches.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00101-00063016-00063567": "We did a test rocket launch with this rocket that we did just to kind of test how the", "2YeMHRLZawU-00102-00063567-00064112": "winds were drifting that day before we launched up the rockets with the sensors inside of them so", "2YeMHRLZawU-00103-00064112-00064448": "here's a video of  some of the rocket launches.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00104-00064520-00065040": "As it's going up it will be sampling the air for temperature and humidity, pressure.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00105-00065288-00065488": "Tim's carefully launching this on the launch pad.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00106-00065656-00066400": "Inside here we have the instrumentation. We're using a D engine for Estes rockets.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00107-00066544-00067024": "Tim has smoothed the launch vehicle. He's got good rotation here.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00108-00067352-00067552": "This is how we do science in wizard land.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00109-00067800-00067952": "Okay, sky's clear.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00110-00068264-00068784": "three two one", "2YeMHRLZawU-00112-00070408-00070480": "We got it back.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00113-00070744-00071440": "So it didn't look quite like we wanted to do but you know it's rocket science. It really", "2YeMHRLZawU-00114-00071440-00072384": "is rocket science and then we thought.... Matt here said well,", "2YeMHRLZawU-00115-00072384-00073104": "what about a radiosonde and Matt, do you wanna tell us a little bit about what you do?", "2YeMHRLZawU-00116-00073272-00074024": "Sure, yeah, so I often help launch radiosondes. We attach them to weather balloons. So it's kind of", "2YeMHRLZawU-00117-00074024-00074592": "the same idea as the dropsondes except instead of dropping them out of a plane we attach them to a", "2YeMHRLZawU-00118-00074592-00075136": "balloon filled with helium much like you would have at your party store at a birthday party.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00119-00075136-00075640": "They get lifted up all the way up through the atmosphere and take those same measurements", "2YeMHRLZawU-00120-00075640-00076296": "of temperature, pressure, humidity, and the winds, so that we can know what's going on above our heads.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00121-00076464-00077296": "Most excellent, yep, and we captured on video what we are stepping through to doing the radiosondes.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00122-00077296-00077696": "So we'll go to the video and you check out what it looked like as we sequenced over to", "2YeMHRLZawU-00123-00077760-00078608": "the radiosonde rocket. Okay, here we are with our second launch. This is our radiosonde rocket.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00124-00078608-00079344": "We did our dropsonde rocket with Max over here a little earlier and that was a", "2YeMHRLZawU-00125-00079344-00080040": "good rocket flight. Maybe not a good sonde flight so yeah, we're going to try again and see if we can", "2YeMHRLZawU-00126-00080040-00080680": "get another good sonde, I mean a good rocket play, collect some data and see why the sondes are the way", "2YeMHRLZawU-00127-00080680-00081224": "we actually do it instead of with rockets. Matt helped us set this one up so we've got a radio", "2YeMHRLZawU-00128-00081224-00082032": "sonde inside this rocket. This is a different rocket because the dropsonde rocket is done. Not using", "2YeMHRLZawU-00129-00082032-00082584": "that one anymore. It's done its job.  We have a nice calm day for doing this.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00130-00082584-00083432": "We got some great data with the drop sonde rocket and that's on max's computer over there and then we", "2YeMHRLZawU-00131-00083432-00084080": "are collecting ground data or collecting data with the radiosonde from the trailer that's just over", "2YeMHRLZawU-00132-00084080-00084688": "on the other side of the site here. So we've got an engine in this bad boy. What are", "2YeMHRLZawU-00133-00084688-00085144": "the sampling rates of this, Tim? Yeah, what are the sampling rates on this, Matt? It should be one per", "2YeMHRLZawU-00134-00085144-00085712": "second. One percent measurement per second so one hertz. Okay, fantastic, we're", "2YeMHRLZawU-00135-00085712-00086360": "measuring temperature, relative humidity, pressure and possibly winds based on", "2YeMHRLZawU-00136-00086360-00087128": "the gps location. Fantastic. What's the difference between a dropsonde and a radiosonde? Not much", "2YeMHRLZawU-00137-00087128-00087632": "but typically a radiosonde goes up and a dropsonde comes down. That's really the big difference. They", "2YeMHRLZawU-00138-00087632-00088472": "measure the same kind of parameters but how you send it through the atmosphere is what matters. So", "2YeMHRLZawU-00139-00088536-00088928": "the big difference for this between the drop sonde and the radiosonde is the dropsonde is", "2YeMHRLZawU-00140-00088928-00089784": "meant to go faster. So it measures at  twice a second instead of once a second", "2YeMHRLZawU-00142-00092216-00092616": "But we did get data from the radiosonde rocket as well and", "2YeMHRLZawU-00143-00092672-00093392": "we can actually, we have the analysis  from Matt and it was pretty cool. We could", "2YeMHRLZawU-00144-00093392-00093984": "show you what it looks like to do the analysis right over in the trailer.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00145-00094064-00094568": "Here we are going back to the data collection site to see what happened with the", "2YeMHRLZawU-00146-00094704-00095264": "radio rocketsonde. Let's see what the data looks like or if we got any data.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00147-00095264-00095784": "Here we are inside the trailer. Matt, what do we got? Okay so this is the data that was coming", "2YeMHRLZawU-00148-00095784-00096400": "in so we can see that it's no longer because our radiosonde now looks like this.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00149-00096584-00097416": "So it's not sending data anymore. It looks like according to this it never detected that we", "2YeMHRLZawU-00150-00097416-00098064": "launched it so usually as soon as you release it it starts going up. The software will detect...I'm", "2YeMHRLZawU-00151-00098064-00098624": "going up because pressure is dropping so it knows that it's been launched and such recording data", "2YeMHRLZawU-00152-00098720-00099072": "but that didn't seem to happen this time maybe because it all went too fast.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00153-00099240-00099952": "It's also possible that we just lost the signal. As Max said these are supposed to go up a lot slower", "2YeMHRLZawU-00154-00099952-00100560": "than on a rocket so it's not meant to record that quickly. That may be what happened in", "2YeMHRLZawU-00155-00100560-00101128": "this case but the last measurement that we got was 28 degrees celsius", "2YeMHRLZawU-00156-00101232-00102048": "15 relative humidity so pretty dry for here in Colorado and this blue line is the pressure and", "2YeMHRLZawU-00157-00102048-00103048": "actually if we zoom in here this was the pressure on the ground there", "2YeMHRLZawU-00158-00103048-00103600": "and you can see the pressure did actually drop and come back up a little bit so", "2YeMHRLZawU-00159-00103600-00103983": "we did probably measure data it just didn't know that it had launched.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00160-00103983-00104376": "You can see the temperature dropped a little bit, pressure dropped a little bit and", "2YeMHRLZawU-00161-00104376-00105024": "relative humidity went up so we actually collect data just in that tiny little bit so how", "2YeMHRLZawU-00162-00105024-00105944": "long is that? There's a split second worth of data that we got there. Let's see, 31.78.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00163-00106168-00106608": "About six seconds, five or six seconds, worth of data. Six seconds worth of data look at me man.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00164-00106704-00107376": "There we go but we actually measured the pressure drop at the very least and a", "2YeMHRLZawU-00165-00107376-00107672": "change in temperature and humidity so that's awesome.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00166-00107840-00108359": "All right so there you go, we did a little science out there and had some fun", "2YeMHRLZawU-00167-00108359-00109144": "while we were making it happen and learned some things about what it means to put up a rocket and", "2YeMHRLZawU-00168-00109144-00109744": "how that all works out. Matt, would you like to  talk about the dropsonde data and what that looks like.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00169-00109888-00110272": "Sure I can do that. Also, I think we have a plot here that we're going to show", "2YeMHRLZawU-00170-00110424-00110992": "and so perfect. Yes, these are some of the things we measured with the dropsonde. On the left we", "2YeMHRLZawU-00171-00110992-00111672": "have the pressure, the middle graph there, shows the temperature and the right shows humidity which is", "2YeMHRLZawU-00172-00111672-00112304": "just a measure of moisture or how much water is in the air so the blue lines show our measurements", "2YeMHRLZawU-00173-00112304-00113144": "as the rockets were going up so we can see there that pressure was decreasing from the", "2YeMHRLZawU-00174-00113144-00113880": "right side of that graph to the left and the pressure was decreasing as it went up.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00175-00113935-00114583": "The temperature also decreased as it went up and humidity actually sort of increased as it went up", "2YeMHRLZawU-00176-00114648-00115128": "and then the red lines show the rocket coming back down so again we see that pressure", "2YeMHRLZawU-00177-00115232-00115656": "increased as we went back down as we would expect in the atmosphere.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00178-00115720-00116159": "Temperature actually continued to decrease we don't usually expect that", "2YeMHRLZawU-00179-00116216-00116528": "so that probably tells us that it's not a very good measurement", "2YeMHRLZawU-00180-00116632-00117192": "and the humidity also continued to increase which we don't really know quite what that means but", "2YeMHRLZawU-00181-00117192-00117816": "this goes to show that rockets are probably not the best way to gather these measurements.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00182-00118216-00118728": "Excellent, yeah, so you know the wizards were a little edgy and we did the science that", "2YeMHRLZawU-00183-00118872-00119344": "maybe the scientists wouldn't normally think of doing but we got it done. It might not be", "2YeMHRLZawU-00184-00119344-00119800": "the best way to collect the data but it sure was a lot of fun. Yes it was, it definitely was.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00185-00119935-00120583": "And I wondered if we have any questions from people who are watching us. We'll check in,", "2YeMHRLZawU-00186-00120856-00121432": "so I'm not seeing any questions yet definitely pop them either into the slido or the", "2YeMHRLZawU-00187-00121432-00122032": "zoom chat but I had a question for y'all. Did you make these rockets yourself and", "2YeMHRLZawU-00188-00122032-00122783": "if so how did you build them? Yes, we did actually make them ourselves and", "2YeMHRLZawU-00189-00122783-00123520": "we modified them, as I brought this up earlier, this was a standard Estes rocket with a payload section", "2YeMHRLZawU-00190-00123520-00124432": "at the top and we simply replace that payload with the the dropsonde which is this circuit", "2YeMHRLZawU-00191-00124432-00124896": "board and normally on top there would be the sensors to actually collect those data", "2YeMHRLZawU-00192-00125656-00126128": "from scratch because we had to have a bigger tube in order to get the radio", "2YeMHRLZawU-00193-00126128-00126568": "sonde in there and you can see where we had a big problem on the landing. It didn't come down so", "2YeMHRLZawU-00194-00126568-00127192": "well and that was kind of not cheap so yeah this was a specifically built one and once you've", "2YeMHRLZawU-00195-00127192-00127559": "worked on rockets for a long time do you get to a point where you know exactly what the", "2YeMHRLZawU-00196-00127559-00128111": "the parameters are for making a rocket that works because it's rocket science and", "2YeMHRLZawU-00197-00128183-00128568": "then I checked in with Jeff and Jeff do you remember the engine issue that we had?", "2YeMHRLZawU-00198-00128759-00129040": "Which engine issue was that we had many engine issues.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00199-00129240-00129648": "We had some trouble getting them started but we also didn't have a powerful enough engine so", "2YeMHRLZawU-00200-00129711-00130144": "one of the rockets came down. Both of them came down a little bit faster than we wanted and the", "2YeMHRLZawU-00201-00130216-00130848": "chute didn't deploy so two different problems we had with the engines and the chutes", "2YeMHRLZawU-00202-00130848-00131328": "yeah we were hoping to use the larger E engine but we ended up using the D engines. Estes rockets", "2YeMHRLZawU-00203-00131328-00131832": "makes engines all the way up to Qs and Rs and those are done by actual people who are actually", "2YeMHRLZawU-00204-00131832-00132248": "using rockets to measure the atmosphere. They go up hundred thousand or hundred and fifty thousand", "2YeMHRLZawU-00205-00132248-00132752": "feet. It's phenomenal. You know ours was kind of a fun kind of thing but you know in real rocket", "2YeMHRLZawU-00206-00132752-00133280": "science they're using big Estes rockets and", "2YeMHRLZawU-00207-00133280-00133872": "so maybe we'll do that next time. There we go and one of the unique things we have to be careful of", "2YeMHRLZawU-00208-00133872-00134480": "is all of the instruments that surrounded our launch site that are in development and", "2YeMHRLZawU-00209-00134480-00135008": "testing right now. One of them is set to go to Antarctica to collect data from there and", "2YeMHRLZawU-00210-00135008-00135752": "there's a huge radar just near us and a collapsible tower so what we had to do was", "2YeMHRLZawU-00211-00135864-00136336": "do the launch on the days when the winds were calm and we happen to have one of the best meteorologists", "2YeMHRLZawU-00212-00136336-00137120": "in Colorado as a wizard, Mr Weber, who set us up and he said we were out there ready to launch", "2YeMHRLZawU-00213-00137120-00137600": "and I said, Jeff, when are the winds going to die down because it was a little breezy and he said at", "2YeMHRLZawU-00214-00137600-00138256": "nine o'clock. Guess what! At 9:05 they started to taper off and we were good to go so well done there, wizard.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00215-00138512-00138936": "We did have a question pop up in the chat. It might be the last one we have time to answer.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00216-00138936-00139456": "Based on what you learned, what would you change if you were going to do this again?", "2YeMHRLZawU-00217-00139600-00139872": "I'm going to throw that over to Matt and Jeff. What would you do differently?", "2YeMHRLZawU-00218-00140088-00140432": "Well, I think for one use larger rocket or a", "2YeMHRLZawU-00219-00140432-00140944": "bigger engine to get up higher because we really would like to know what's happening even higher up.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00220-00141016-00141584": "Secondly, maybe we would design our own instrument from scratch", "2YeMHRLZawU-00221-00141712-00142312": "that could take these measurements faster. Like I said the radiosonde only takes measurements once", "2YeMHRLZawU-00222-00142312-00142896": "per second but the rocket goes up really quickly so if we could measure more quickly than that like", "2YeMHRLZawU-00223-00142896-00143544": "maybe 10 measurements per second we could get some really good data. Yeah and something that I might", "2YeMHRLZawU-00224-00143544-00144032": "suggest is maybe working on our parachute deployment. It was kind of a hazard having", "2YeMHRLZawU-00225-00144032-00144456": "those come down at full speed and we would have collected significantly more data with a large", "2YeMHRLZawU-00226-00144456-00144824": "parachute and then floating down we would have had much more time on the air and we'd been able to", "2YeMHRLZawU-00227-00144824-00145376": "collect more data. So maybe a bigger engine and a bigger parachute so we could collect more data.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00228-00145600-00145992": "That makes sense and I'm gonna squeeze one more question in here from Violet.", "2YeMHRLZawU-00229-00145992-00146440": "They're wondering can rockets be too big so they don't work?", "2YeMHRLZawU-00230-00147136-00147728": "Well, you know rockets have weight and so as long as you have a a big enough engine to lift", "2YeMHRLZawU-00231-00147728-00148288": "the weight on the rocket it will work. For example, the Saturn V, the biggest rocket ever made by NASA", "2YeMHRLZawU-00232-00148352-00148832": "is hundreds of feet tall and weighs millions and millions of pounds", "2YeMHRLZawU-00233-00148832-00149360": "and yet that's what got our astronauts to the moon. When you compare our one-pound Estes", "2YeMHRLZawU-00234-00149360-00149896": "rocket to the hundreds and hundreds of millions of pounds of a Saturn V rocket there's", "2YeMHRLZawU-00235-00149896-00150320": "a lot of difference but yet they still work with the same physics. They still have a rocket engine", "2YeMHRLZawU-00236-00150320-00150752": "that is exerting a force then the action and the reaction going in the opposite direction and", "2YeMHRLZawU-00237-00150752-00151368": "so no matter how big the rockets are they still kind of maintain the same physics mentality and so", "2YeMHRLZawU-00238-00151368-00151728": "as long as you have a really big engine you can watch a rocket as big as you want", "2YeMHRLZawU-00239-00151808-00152312": "Yeah, you also have to consider where that  weight is dispersed across that engine with that", "2YeMHRLZawU-00240-00152312-00152872": "rockets body because it is possible to get a rocket that doesn't go up and spirals and goes", "2YeMHRLZawU-00241-00152872-00153312": "sideways. I would highly recommend if you're interested in checking out the", "2YeMHRLZawU-00242-00153312-00153896": "Estes rockets to get started with the baby steps and work your way up to, like Jeff said, some really,", "2YeMHRLZawU-00243-00153896-00154592": "really big rockets. All right this was really cool. I mean who doesn't like attaching stuff to", "2YeMHRLZawU-00244-00154592-00155256": "rockets and launching it into the air, right? So with that, Tim Jeff and Matt thank you so", "2YeMHRLZawU-00245-00155256-00155840": "much for telling us all about dropsondes and radiosondesand attaching them to rockets and as you", "2YeMHRLZawU-00246-00155840-00156296": "heard in the show.... you know, don't launch a rocket unless you're doing it safely. Our next", "2YeMHRLZawU-00247-00156296-00156984": "show is going to start at the top of the hour at 10 o'clock mountain time and we hope to see you there"}}]