diff --git "a/data/en004/text/00000025.json" "b/data/en004/text/00000025.json" new file mode 100644--- /dev/null +++ "b/data/en004/text/00000025.json" @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +[{"audio_id": "ft98au2oTAc", "text": {"ft98au2oTAc-00000-00000000-00000136": "Hello! My name is Jax", "ft98au2oTAc-00001-00000136-00000308": "I am here to discuss the issues about", "ft98au2oTAc-00002-00000764-00000868": "Quarantine!!!", "ft98au2oTAc-00003-00000868-00001060": "America! We need to be free of our prisons aka Homes", "ft98au2oTAc-00004-00001060-00001272": "All of the families are getting bored and isolated", "ft98au2oTAc-00005-00001290-00001402": "We need to get out", "ft98au2oTAc-00006-00001456-00001536": "Of our homes", "ft98au2oTAc-00007-00001689-00001739": "Yes!", "ft98au2oTAc-00008-00002384-00002992": "We need to live our normal lives and not be locked up any longer! We need to have our freedoms!", "ft98au2oTAc-00009-00002992-00003358": "I want to go to the dog park again and people want to do their thins as well!", "ft98au2oTAc-00010-00003358-00004000": "Things are only getting worse the longer we are locked up! We need to get out and relieve our stress!", "ft98au2oTAc-00011-00004160-00004392": "Do you agree? If you do listen to me!", "ft98au2oTAc-00012-00004516-00004668": "This needs to end soon!", "ft98au2oTAc-00013-00004794-00005362": "America lets get through this thing together as a whole community! We need to do this!", "ft98au2oTAc-00014-00005370-00005970": "Elect Senator Jaxy for dog president of the United Staes of America aka Bark!!! Thank you!"}}, {"audio_id": "ftyf5EpYctc", "text": {"ftyf5EpYctc-00000-00000000-00000057": "shubham jain smile buddy video"}}, {"audio_id": "ftAD0Uo_Stc", "text": {"ftAD0Uo_Stc-00000-00000463-00001144": "Since 2009, kanbantool.com has been helping businesses run Agile workflows, and continuously", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00001-00001144-00001752": "improve their processes. Kanban Tool visualizes your team's projects on a shared platform,", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00002-00001752-00002387": "accessible from anywhere and at any time. It letsyou quit spending time chasing status reports,", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00003-00002387-00003024": "and asking for project updates. Have it all presented for you on our boards and easy to take in,", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00004-00003024-00003664": "thanks to the visual and clean form. Theidea behind Kanban is very simple: split", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00005-00003664-00004206": "the workload into stages, and then limit how many items can be processed at one time.", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00006-00004206-00004990": "Hence, our online project board shows yourworkflow at a glance: all tasks split into \"waiting\",", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00007-00004990-00005816": "\"in progress\", and \"done\", or however else youdecide to split and name your workflow steps.", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00008-00006096-00006400": "Most aspects of the board can be personalized.", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00009-00006400-00006808": "You can also use swimlanes to track a few projects on the same page.", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00010-00007023-00007576": "What our customers value the most are: theapplication's ease of use and vast customization", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00011-00007576-00008272": "options, high service reliability, fast support, lowprices, and the availability of a self-hosted", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00012-00008272-00009000": "offline version for extra security. Kanban Tool hasalmost no learning curve - the goal is not to make", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00013-00009000-00009528": "the tool another \"to do\" on your team's schedule. They will be able to follow and implement it rightaway.", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00014-00009528-00010248": "From the start, your team will be able to better prioritize tasks, reduce waste in delivery", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00015-00010248-00011024": "time and communication, and better estimate futureprojects. How does it work? Kanban Tool provides", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00016-00011024-00011616": "you with project boards, as many as are needed, eachpossible to share with a different group of people.", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00017-00012416-00013096": "On the boards, each card represents a differenttask, which can be assigned to a specific person,", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00018-00013096-00013565": "and can hold the kind of data that matters for a given project:", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00019-00013565-00014312": "from text description, through checklists, attachments, due dates, time estimates,", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00020-00014312-00015280": "difficulty, class type, tags, IDs, and priorities, down to custom fields, hyperlinks, and user comments.", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00021-00015384-00015872": "Boards can be filtered too, for example: only show a specific user's assignments.", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00022-00016063-00016568": "You can also do an all-boards' search to find specific items across all projects.", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00023-00016656-00017144": "As work progresses, your team will movecards through the stages, so that everyone", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00024-00017144-00017760": "involved knows what stage a task is in. Preciseworking time for each item will be recorded,", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00025-00017760-00018368": "and is associated with the employee performingit. As this all happens, the system will gather", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00026-00018368-00019024": "feedback on the project completion speed, and otheranalytical data. This way you'll get status reports", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00027-00019024-00019584": "on projects and employee performance, without having to do any extra work. The automated", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00028-00019584-00020432": "metrics include: Breakdown Charts, Lead &Cycle Time, Cumulative Flow and Time Reports.", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00029-00020488-00021184": "Making use of these graphs can help with theelimination of process bottlenecks and impediments.", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00030-00021256-00021776": "To make work easier, your team can also enable additional functionality for each project.", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00031-00021832-00022368": "The best examples of our ever-growing pack ofPower-Ups are: Recurring and Postponed Tasks,", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00032-00022368-00022872": "Interactive Checklists, Task Dependencies, Checklist Templates, and Task Summary.", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00033-00023128-00023656": "What's more, the team can create their own automation rules to have one board action", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00034-00023656-00024256": "cause a specific reaction. This can significantly improve the flow, and save you loads of time.", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00035-00024672-00025072": "Kanban Tool clients have choice of usingour, or their own storage for the boards.", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00036-00025152-00025608": "So, if your company happens to have a strict 'no cloud storage' policy,", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00037-00025608-00026112": "and you have at least 10 people on the team, we make a self-hosted application available", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00038-00026112-00026648": "to be installed on your company server, andmanaged alongside your set policies.", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00039-00026648-00027112": "This gives you complete control over your data location, maintenance, and backups.", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00040-00027183-00027727": "We welcome you to try Kanban Tool for yourself, free of charge on kanbantool.com", "ftAD0Uo_Stc-00041-00027858-00028450": "Set up a 14-day trial now, and see how much more efficient and pleasant your teamwork can be!"}}, {"audio_id": "ftG4jtyyax4", "text": {"ftG4jtyyax4-00000-00000018-00000103": "(batboy grunts)", "ftG4jtyyax4-00001-00000195-00000281": "max what do you want for dinner?", "ftG4jtyyax4-00002-00000335-00000402": "J̷̛͚̠̹͇͚̫̀͜ ̴̥̙͔͌̾͐̚͝ų̷̨̦͇̞̻̙̰͖͖̌̆̔͋̐̀͋͘̕ ̵̛̫̦͇͓̭̃͗͆̍̒͌͒͝s̷̢̯̜̱̣̔͒̈́͊͠ ̷̙̜̙̝̮̀́̑͒̿̆̆̑ͅţ̴̭̻̮̯̘̯͓̓ ̷̧̺̘̺͙̬͎̎̒͠į̷͇͎̲́̓͗ ̷̖̲̬̼̞̊ͅc̷̭͍̤̓̉ ̵̢̢̻͒͠e̶̛̙̻̮̐͂̐͊͌̔͐̚ ̶͍̩̼̖̠͊̓͆̀̚.̶̧̛͓̗̦͛", "ftG4jtyyax4-00003-00000402-00000602": "【ｄｅａｔｈ】", "ftG4jtyyax4-00004-00000637-00000837": "Å̸̧̭̻͕̊͜ͅŲ̴̨̼̗̹͚̥̲̓̏G̸̡̣̲͚̓Ṳ̸͙̇͐̒͋̊ͅḨ̸͈̿͑̍̑̚Ü̸̜̣̟̆́G̷̡̛̜͙̍̒͋̽̒̈"}}, {"audio_id": "fu40xFPMMX0", "text": {"fu40xFPMMX0-00010-00002641-00002952": "Nand Nagari Delhi East"}}, {"audio_id": "fui1upUIRZ8", "text": {"fui1upUIRZ8-00000-00000000-00000328": "Mary Glazier: So, I feel like what God is demonstrating here", "fui1upUIRZ8-00001-00000328-00000745": "in Alaska is significant for the entire United States.", "fui1upUIRZ8-00002-00000745-00000970": "Chuck: Well, remember with Wind Walkers...", "fui1upUIRZ8-00003-00000970-00001476": "we'veall always seen that what happens there in", "fui1upUIRZ8-00004-00001476-00002207": "Alaska, the wind blows it down into the mainland here.", "fui1upUIRZ8-00005-00002207-00002442": "And that becomes so important", "fui1upUIRZ8-00006-00002442-00002819": "for us to understand. The Spirit of God there...", "fui1upUIRZ8-00007-00002819-00003006": "When the Spirit of God is moving", "fui1upUIRZ8-00008-00003006-00003429": "in Alaska, I believe the wind of the Spirit willbe blown.", "fui1upUIRZ8-00009-00003429-00003714": "Let me show you all I don't think I've", "fui1upUIRZ8-00010-00003714-00004085": "done this with Alaska, but let me show you", "fui1upUIRZ8-00011-00004085-00004320": "whatthe Lord showed me when Dutch and I were in South", "fui1upUIRZ8-00012-00004320-00004841": "Carolina this year in, I think it was July.", "fui1upUIRZ8-00013-00004841-00005176": "The Lord caught me up and I know I've shared", "fui1upUIRZ8-00014-00005176-00005722": "it publicly, but it's very important to Alaskabecause", "fui1upUIRZ8-00015-00005722-00006162": "I saw first of all four ruling angels", "fui1upUIRZ8-00016-00006162-00006667": "surrounding America. And that angel at the top", "fui1upUIRZ8-00017-00006667-00007284": "was aligned where Alaska and Maine meet", "fui1upUIRZ8-00018-00007284-00008007": "in the atmosphere. And so I believe that's veryimportant also", "fui1upUIRZ8-00019-00008007-00008310": "that we understand that the ruling", "fui1upUIRZ8-00020-00008310-00008965": "angel from the north, is some way aligned with", "fui1upUIRZ8-00021-00008965-00009253": "what is happening there in Alaska.", "fui1upUIRZ8-00022-00009253-00010270": "Then all of asudden 51 Angels entered in and surrounded", "fui1upUIRZ8-00023-00010270-00010830": "America. And for the first time I knew as we were", "fui1upUIRZ8-00024-00010830-00011369": "headed into this year that we're in America wassurrounded", "fui1upUIRZ8-00025-00011369-00011736": "by Angelic activity. And Mary, I really", "fui1upUIRZ8-00026-00011736-00012430": "think what you're describing is the portion ofthat activity", "fui1upUIRZ8-00027-00012430-00012786": "that is dwelling over that northern", "fui1upUIRZ8-00028-00012786-00013266": "part ruled by that ruling angel that God has sent.", "fui1upUIRZ8-00029-00013266-00013547": "These are governmental Angels, they're more", "fui1upUIRZ8-00030-00013547-00014007": "like seraphim that have commanding glory to them.", "fui1upUIRZ8-00031-00014007-00014388": "And I knew beyond a shadow of a doubt there", "fui1upUIRZ8-00032-00014388-00014878": "were 51 angels. I have no idea, I didn't have tocount them", "fui1upUIRZ8-00033-00014878-00015144": "I just knew, and what the Lord said", "fui1upUIRZ8-00034-00015144-00015426": "beginning at Passover these angels would start", "fui1upUIRZ8-00035-00015426-00016212": "being assigned to each state. And then I saw", "fui1upUIRZ8-00036-00016212-00016858": "these ruling forces were assigned geographically", "fui1upUIRZ8-00037-00016858-00017370": "to command this Angelic activity in America,", "fui1upUIRZ8-00038-00017370-00017947": "beginning after Passover. So I really believe what you're sensing", "fui1upUIRZ8-00039-00017947-00018186": "is where we're headed as a nation.", "fui1upUIRZ8-00040-00018186-00018962": "Now these angels all had their swordsin their sheath.", "fui1upUIRZ8-00041-00018962-00019236": "What the Lord said was, that after", "fui1upUIRZ8-00042-00019236-00019747": "April these angels would be sent one by one", "fui1upUIRZ8-00043-00019747-00020272": "inHis time, to each state, and they would determine", "fui1upUIRZ8-00044-00020272-00020518": "whether they kept the sword in their sheath", "fui1upUIRZ8-00045-00020518-00021000": "orwhether they pull the sword out and went to war", "fui1upUIRZ8-00046-00021000-00021458": "over what was set against Him from moving fromstate to state,", "fui1upUIRZ8-00047-00021458-00021821": "to state. I believe in Alaska,", "fui1upUIRZ8-00048-00021821-00022490": "you are moving with Him, so I really believe thatafter Passover,", "fui1upUIRZ8-00049-00022490-00022878": "you guys are going to start really", "fui1upUIRZ8-00050-00022878-00023296": "seeing an incredible activity in theSpirit", "fui1upUIRZ8-00051-00023296-00023544": "like you've never seen before.", "fui1upUIRZ8-00052-00023544-00024093": "Eleanor: Amen that goes so well with the encounter thatI had", "fui1upUIRZ8-00053-00024093-00024433": "after the Holy Ghost and Fire", "fui1upUIRZ8-00054-00024433-00024803": "encounter. While I was in the encounter,", "fui1upUIRZ8-00055-00024803-00025182": "theLord said \"Open up your spirit eyes, turn and look\"", "fui1upUIRZ8-00056-00025182-00025696": "and when I turned to look I saw these Chariotsof Fire", "fui1upUIRZ8-00057-00025696-00026010": "surrounding Alaska. I said \"Lord what", "fui1upUIRZ8-00058-00026010-00026363": "are these?\" He said \"These are my angels of fire", "fui1upUIRZ8-00059-00026363-00026777": "that need to be released over the state, and over", "fui1upUIRZ8-00060-00026777-00027200": "in the nation, and nations of the Earth for the warat hand,", "fui1upUIRZ8-00061-00027200-00027618": "and the war that is to come.\" And so we", "fui1upUIRZ8-00062-00027618-00028041": "released those angels of fire over Alaska,", "fui1upUIRZ8-00063-00028041-00028345": "and I believe that before this broadcast is", "fui1upUIRZ8-00064-00028345-00028702": "over, it would be important for us to release", "fui1upUIRZ8-00065-00028702-00029155": "thoseangels of fire over the nation as well.", "fui1upUIRZ8-00066-00029155-00029432": "Chuck: Well I think what you're going to see, and", "fui1upUIRZ8-00067-00029432-00030144": "what wecan do from Alaska Eleanor, is really decree that", "fui1upUIRZ8-00068-00030144-00030771": "this mobilization of angelic activity that Mary heard, and you saw", "fui1upUIRZ8-00069-00030771-00031074": "will begin to be active after", "fui1upUIRZ8-00070-00031074-00031677": "Passover. I'm not sure that how you guys movedthere in Alaska", "fui1upUIRZ8-00071-00031677-00031928": "is so key for our whole nation,", "fui1upUIRZ8-00072-00031928-00032400": "starting at the end of April. And so we want toreally decree", "fui1upUIRZ8-00073-00032400-00032826": "that you accelerate in your movement", "fui1upUIRZ8-00074-00032826-00033290": "and the activity of Supernatural activity over you", "fui1upUIRZ8-00075-00033290-00033762": "accelerate beginning in April at the end of April.", "fui1upUIRZ8-00076-00033762-00034192": "And there comes an advancement I think then you'regoing...", "fui1upUIRZ8-00077-00034192-00034482": "let me prophesy \"you guys are going to have", "fui1upUIRZ8-00078-00034482-00034992": "an open door to other states to go in and share", "fui1upUIRZ8-00079-00034992-00035742": "the model of mobilization of the supernatural.", "fui1upUIRZ8-00080-00035742-00036082": "You're not going to just share the model of", "fui1upUIRZ8-00081-00036082-00036324": "whatwe've taught all these years you're going to say", "fui1upUIRZ8-00082-00036324-00036708": "\"This is how God is ready to mobilize", "fui1upUIRZ8-00083-00036708-00037190": "thesupernatural charge that Lord Sabaoth", "fui1upUIRZ8-00084-00037190-00037662": "has sent over your state. It's very much like whatMary heard.", "fui1upUIRZ8-00085-00037662-00038040": "And yet, He'll be able to say to do this", "fui1upUIRZ8-00086-00038040-00038377": "you're going to have to set certain things inorder,", "fui1upUIRZ8-00087-00038377-00038646": "you have to have your spiritual government", "fui1upUIRZ8-00088-00038646-00039220": "in order, you have to know where your leadership ofthe tribes are,", "fui1upUIRZ8-00089-00039220-00039462": "you're going to have to know how to", "fui1upUIRZ8-00090-00039462-00040045": "communicate quickly. I believe you are settingup a prototype", "fui1upUIRZ8-00091-00040045-00040500": "that will be modeled in otherstates.", "fui1upUIRZ8-00092-00040500-00040985": "Robert: Amen, yes it's amazing what we've been", "fui1upUIRZ8-00093-00040985-00041519": "seeing already as far as going out to villages,", "fui1upUIRZ8-00094-00041519-00041791": "online, and the people that are partnering", "fui1upUIRZ8-00095-00041791-00042118": "with us in prayer part of the move as far", "fui1upUIRZ8-00096-00042118-00042481": "as what we've been doing is taking the propheticwords", "fui1upUIRZ8-00097-00042481-00042882": "that have been spoken over Alaska by", "fui1upUIRZ8-00098-00042882-00043359": "you, by Dutch, by others by prophets that arehere in Alaska,", "fui1upUIRZ8-00099-00043359-00043638": "by Mary, and Eleanor, JudithGreen, and others.", "fui1upUIRZ8-00100-00043638-00044120": "We're taking themdown and revisiting those words, and", "fui1upUIRZ8-00101-00044120-00044700": "also causing... gathering up the watchmenintercessors", "fui1upUIRZ8-00102-00044700-00044940": "to begin to pray, and decree over", "fui1upUIRZ8-00103-00044940-00045199": "those words. We're declaring them on the air,", "fui1upUIRZ8-00104-00045199-00045571": "on the war council, and stirring that up again,", "fui1upUIRZ8-00105-00045571-00046068": "for a move of God. In our intercessory time,with Eleanor", "fui1upUIRZ8-00106-00046068-00046362": "and I praying on the mountain here,", "fui1upUIRZ8-00107-00046362-00046800": "it's interesting that normally when I geta prophetic word,", "fui1upUIRZ8-00108-00046800-00046986": "I see a vision and then God", "fui1upUIRZ8-00109-00046986-00047390": "begins to share what He's saying about thevision.", "fui1upUIRZ8-00110-00047390-00047688": "But I have this vision and I began to", "fui1upUIRZ8-00111-00047688-00048079": "hear at the same time - so it was a vision and Iheard,", "fui1upUIRZ8-00112-00048079-00048378": "and this is what I saw and heard:", "fui1upUIRZ8-00113-00048378-00048798": "Seven cannons, blast three times in a row, so it", "fui1upUIRZ8-00114-00048798-00049152": "was \"boom boom, boom, boom, boom, boom, boom\", and then", "fui1upUIRZ8-00115-00049152-00049576": "that happened three times in a row which is 21times.", "fui1upUIRZ8-00116-00049576-00049854": "The blast hit different parts of Alaska,", "fui1upUIRZ8-00117-00049854-00050302": "strategic areas of our state. As the blast hit,", "fui1upUIRZ8-00118-00050302-00050646": "fireballs begin to erupt and spread. I asked the", "fui1upUIRZ8-00119-00050646-00051218": "Lord, \"What is this?\" And He said, \"It is my 21-gungun salute", "fui1upUIRZ8-00120-00051218-00051594": "over Alaska. I'm sending My glory", "fui1upUIRZ8-00121-00051594-00052004": "explosions to Alaska to overcome the enemy that", "fui1upUIRZ8-00122-00052004-00052470": "has claimed territory that does not belong to him.", "fui1upUIRZ8-00123-00052470-00052800": "I have come to take back, with the manifestation", "fui1upUIRZ8-00124-00052800-00053255": "of My glory throughout the state. I am recognizing", "fui1upUIRZ8-00125-00053255-00053787": "My people to take back the natural and spiritualterritory.", "fui1upUIRZ8-00126-00053787-00054176": "I have proclaimed that Alaska is Myglory state,", "fui1upUIRZ8-00127-00054176-00054702": "and now I will manifest My glory inmy sons and daughters.\"", "fui1upUIRZ8-00128-00054702-00055260": "And in that I feel that God's glory is going out to different", "fui1upUIRZ8-00129-00055260-00055674": "places of Alaska and people are", "fui1upUIRZ8-00130-00055674-00056036": "beginning to rise up take their position and take", "fui1upUIRZ8-00131-00056036-00056660": "the territory back for Alaska and for our nation."}}, {"audio_id": "fulrex7o_RE", "text": {"fulrex7o_RE-00000-00000074-00000334": "Welcome to the LulzBot filament profile series!", "fulrex7o_RE-00001-00000334-00000716": "In these videos we're showcasing properties and applications for the many", "fulrex7o_RE-00002-00000716-00000842": "materials you can print", "fulrex7o_RE-00003-00000842-00001238": "with the LulzBot 3D printer. The filament highlighted in this video", "fulrex7o_RE-00004-00001238-00001760": "is a thermoplastic called ABS. Ensure your ABS print will stick to the bed", "fulrex7o_RE-00005-00001760-00002072": "by applying either ABS plus acetone solution", "fulrex7o_RE-00006-00002072-00002417": "or gluestick to the PET tape but the print bed", "fulrex7o_RE-00007-00002417-00002774": "at room temperature. For optimum ABS print quality", "fulrex7o_RE-00008-00002774-00003172": "we recommend a nozzle temperature of 230 degrees Celsius", "fulrex7o_RE-00009-00003172-00003484": "and a bed temperature 85 degrees Celsius", "fulrex7o_RE-00010-00003484-00003850": "Your LulzBot printer is programed to prepare your ABS print", "fulrex7o_RE-00011-00003850-00004325": "with a few simple selections on the LCD panel. You can also do this manually", "fulrex7o_RE-00012-00004325-00004818": "on your computer. ABS is one of the most commonly used 3D printing filaments.", "fulrex7o_RE-00013-00004818-00005198": "This material is known for its strength and bed adhesion properties.", "fulrex7o_RE-00014-00005198-00005646": "With these properties in mind, ABS is ideal for either prototyping", "fulrex7o_RE-00015-00005646-00006101": "or creating functional end-use products. Finished products can also be", "fulrex7o_RE-00016-00006101-00006228": "treated with acetone", "fulrex7o_RE-00017-00006228-00006693": "for a glossy veneer. Today we're printing a custom GoPro mount handle", "fulrex7o_RE-00018-00006693-00007051": "that will be strong enough to withstand the weight of a GoPro camera", "fulrex7o_RE-00019-00007051-00007554": "and the wear and tear of adventures over time. Default configurations make it", "fulrex7o_RE-00020-00007554-00007759": "faster and easier to use your LulzBot.", "fulrex7o_RE-00021-00007759-00008089": "ABS configurations can be found on our website", "fulrex7o_RE-00022-00008089-00008528": "at lulzbot.com/configs. Want to learn more about", "fulrex7o_RE-00023-00008528-00008943": "ABS and other 3D printing materials? Join our online community", "fulrex7o_RE-00024-00008943-00009643": "at forum.lulzbot.com.", "fulrex7o_RE-00025-00009950-00010374": "You can buy many different colors of ABS filament today at lulzbot.com", "fulrex7o_RE-00026-00010374-00011074": "thanks for watching!"}}, {"audio_id": "fuwmsrCX0BY", "text": {"fuwmsrCX0BY-00000-00000000-00000392": "Title: Simontive 5 Episode 48 Away from Dogland Dogland Film Productions has footage of the car ride to the area, but we the footage may be released later.", "fuwmsrCX0BY-00001-00000456-00000798": "Simon: Wow! We are here away from Dogland for the first time in a long time.", "fuwmsrCX0BY-00002-00001166-00001398": "Kimon: Great. How sunny is it today or not?", "fuwmsrCX0BY-00003-00001750-00002144": "Dog: I wonder what the AC feels like, and I did check your passports.", "fuwmsrCX0BY-00004-00002352-00002688": "Simon: Because we didn't get to check, we're safe.", "fuwmsrCX0BY-00005-00002942-00003414": "Mr. Dinosaur: You must pay attention to your surroundings; everyone should be safe.", "fuwmsrCX0BY-00006-00004268-00004498": "Kimon: We better get locked in a hotel safe.", "fuwmsrCX0BY-00007-00005034-00005422": "Dog: No way. That is the pound because I was an adopted dog.", "fuwmsrCX0BY-00008-00005496-00005810": "Kimon: I feel sorry for you, but what did they do to you?", "fuwmsrCX0BY-00009-00005910-00006276": "Mr. Dinosaur: We will have a good time here. Thank you everyone.", "fuwmsrCX0BY-00010-00006548-00006702": "Airport Rabbit: I am here."}}, {"audio_id": "fu-vOFxlHJQ", "text": {"fu-vOFxlHJQ-00000-00000008-00000672": "come on pay to win gods oh oh we got a waifu let's go i have no idea if this character", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00001-00000672-00001304": "oh my goodness we got two i love i love the love your uh hat looks really good", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00002-00001376-00001888": "okay i did it i did it i downloaded Genshin Impact and this is gonna be my first time legitimately", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00003-00001888-00002424": "trying to play this game and you know honestly my life just doesn't have enough waifus in it anyway", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00004-00002424-00002944": "okay it really doesn't there's a severe deficiency of waifus i figured what better game to play than", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00005-00002944-00003568": "this one and also have you seen the Genshin Impact section on twitch i mean just look at", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00006-00003568-00004088": "all the collaboration opportunities that are here i mean all of the content creators for this game", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00007-00004262-00004878": "and they're just um you know that like there's just there's an opportunity there for me to", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00008-00004878-00005350": "expand into okay it's a bunch of beautiful women okay it's a bunch of beautiful girls so listen", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00009-00005350-00005662": "i don't know what to tell you all right they're just leave me alone okay leave me alone", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00010-00005830-00006246": "what's going on guys cheers you know i had to have the waifu cup for the waifu game", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00011-00006438-00006910": "all right let's see what this game is all about ladies and gentlemen what the [ __ ] is this", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00012-00007030-00007694": "uh i guess allow should i be worried i'm pretty sure i just gave the chinese government direct", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00013-00007694-00008110": "access to the kernel level of my computer but it's worth it for the waifus okay all right i'm", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00014-00008110-00009118": "i'm hoping for an anime intro yes dude yes oh my god it's a beautiful anime intro let's go dude", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00015-00009118-00009686": "your path was blocked by some unknown god unknown as opposed to the known god that i", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00016-00009686-00010406": "talk to all the time who's this damn there we go our first waifu boys i love it wait she's actually", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00017-00010406-00011606": "kind of hot oh my god okay wings we're angels aren't we is that the lore here what the [ __ ]", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00018-00011606-00011902": "i'm immediately invested in the story select a twin can i", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00019-00012326-00012918": "hmm oh wait no that's what your mom calls me um let's go", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00020-00013342-00013854": "Levine oh man you turned into a geode what the hell she turned into a cube", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00021-00014150-00014862": "i think i just had a micro seizure okay what even happened i blacked out what the [ __ ] is", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00022-00014862-00015526": "that a planet i think i'm in love with whatever this god creature is don't give my sister back", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00023-00015702-00016262": "mommy and just like that god took away my sister there's probably a", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00024-00016262-00016702": "psychological significance to that story that i'm just too stupid to figure out", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00025-00016702-00017062": "so we'll just roll with it we'll we'll look at it fa what the [ __ ] is that", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00026-00017158-00017590": "really owes you for that otherwise kind of likely would have drowned so my mom will", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00027-00017590-00018374": "do her best to be a great hold on hold on that's the cutest thing i've ever seen in my life okay w", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00028-00018374-00018838": "sad same oh man i'm an adventurer already these controls are easy bro let me can i kill that", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00029-00018966-00019702": "i can't oh he's gone okay well everyone's leaving me these days just like my sister ooh hey", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00030-00019774-00020382": "hang on uh hang on fairy creature i'm coming f's in chat okay so the first thing they teach you", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00031-00020382-00020870": "how to do is fast travel that's my kind of game because i have no attention span so having to walk", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00032-00020870-00021670": "you know 40 miles for a quest new world is not something i'm interested in anyway", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00033-00021910-00022382": "seven what dude which of the seven are you looking for is that a century important message", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00034-00022382-00022702": "collecting wood oh trust me we've got plenty of wood you don't get", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00035-00022702-00023166": "all right that joke was trash what does this say uh dull blade i guess i'm a [ __ ] okay", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00036-00023166-00023726": "let's let's go uh i'm guessing the quest is in the top left corner there so we're gonna just scooch", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00037-00023726-00024286": "our way down here making my way downtown walking fast faces past and i'm homebound", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00038-00024478-00025030": "okay another cut scene another studio Ghibli film right here let's take a look why is she wearing a", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00039-00025030-00025590": "diaper what even is this creature her cape is made of the galaxy the game looks beautiful i'm not", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00040-00025590-00026206": "gonna lie the game let's just look at it man it's freaking incredible all right Paimon i'm gonna be", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00041-00026206-00026662": "real with you chief until you tell me what that means i'm not gonna be as excited as you scattered", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00042-00026662-00027102": "across the land to show the seven's protection the seven okay i'm gonna assume that's like a deity", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00043-00027222-00027782": "gods okay okay all right i got ahead of myself that's my bad sure whether the god you're looking", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00044-00027782-00028486": "for is the animal god but anime god take you to the animal god's place first okay does he have", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00045-00028486-00028974": "does he have like cake or something like that's like what's going on here as we all know poetry", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00046-00028974-00029454": "and language flow like the wind you got real deep on me Paimon all right i'm gonna keep it a", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00047-00029454-00029814": "buck listen you don't want me to cry on a youtube video all right Paimon you're gonna have to chill", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00048-00029814-00030334": "out here for a second what is the sparkles going on what's this more fruits oh eccentric Pokémon", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00049-00030334-00030814": "let me catch it how do i catch them all get back here he's too fast for me or maybe i'm", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00050-00030814-00032054": "just stupid and uncoordinated or both actually we made it okay great let's go oh i'm wet now listen", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00051-00032366-00032774": "that is the slowest swimming i've ever seen in my life holy [ __ ] he's magic", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00052-00032838-00033454": "i mean me i'm magic oh i don't like that heartbeat sound in the background i'm getting anxious", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00053-00033662-00034398": "and now i have gotta rhea baby let's go nah what was that star snatch cliff i'll snatch you cliff", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00054-00034398-00035014": "all right yo we're level two let's go honestly that was the easiest quest of my life heading west", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00055-00035014-00035726": "from here will eventually reach Mondstadt the city of freedom the city of America well ladies jail", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00056-00035726-00036230": "but we got united states right over there we're gonna have to head over there that's cute all", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00057-00036230-00036830": "right diaper angel let's get out of here what is this okay i can i can i'll let's go square up did", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00058-00036830-00037686": "i oh i'm supposed to follow the guide okay hold e to charge oh oh oh my god dude i'm a god disappear", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00059-00037854-00038446": "holy [ __ ] press etc to call Paimon no escape sorry so let's swim a little bit faster here", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00060-00038446-00038782": "Michael Phelps let's go guys why didn't you tell me to play this like a year ago", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00061-00038886-00039254": "what are you doing hold left alt to show the cursor and click on screen buttons", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00062-00039254-00039734": "whoa it's [ __ ] ho oh dude my man was bigger than the city we're going to", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00063-00039734-00040190": "we must proceed with caution i thought we were going to talk to the bards and you know practical", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00064-00040190-00040662": "cold one with the boys i don't i don't know about going to the middle of the forest there uh Paimon", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00065-00040662-00041158": "why does he keep saying what why does it keep reminding me okay i'm already horny let's just", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00066-00041158-00041694": "i'm a [ __ ] gangster okay easiest achievement of my [ __ ] life dude i'm so good at that i", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00067-00041694-00042286": "was born for this all right here we are so am i a boy or a girl or does that not matter in", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00068-00042286-00042934": "2021 or am i both are we all both i don't know anyway let's use one of these blue boys i guess", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00069-00042934-00043374": "oh we're level five already dude i'm a god this is easy i don't know what anyone's talking about", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00070-00043542-00043918": "dude there's a dick on the mountain what is that that's literally come on don't act like that ain't", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00071-00043918-00044582": "a dick up there right we both see it right it's not just me oh we can we can rp walk nice never", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00072-00044582-00044950": "doing that again all right i'm just gonna say it this basically is a ripoff of breath of the wild", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00073-00044950-00045318": "right i mean that's pretty much we all agree on that oh there's a there's a chest up there's a", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00074-00045318-00045798": "chesticle you guys saw that no come on you cut scene you're taking me away from my golden glory", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00075-00045798-00046406": "what what is this holy there's the the dre dude that thing looks sick i'm not gonna lie the eyes", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00076-00046622-00047454": "that looks badass dude that looks badass okay blue eyes relax oh my god we gotta save kaiba okay", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00077-00047678-00048390": "oh just teleported we're good no biggie we'll just teleport as well we can teleport right right", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00078-00048518-00048838": "almost got blown away why does Paimon talk in third person i'm not really", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00079-00048838-00049334": "i'm not i'm not a fan of that bro i just i just i this just dawned on me i bet you somebody's out", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00080-00049334-00049670": "there making if you look up Paimon on certain websites you're probably gonna find something", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00081-00049670-00049950": "that uh you know what actually we're just not even gonna talk about it we're not gonna talk", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00082-00049950-00050494": "about it let's just let's just of course not well don't give me a [ __ ] attitude about it what how", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00083-00050494-00050982": "am i supposed to know i just landed here from a different planet my sister got kidnapped there's", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00084-00050982-00051574": "some kind of shiny red thingy on the big rock over there let's go let's get that i'm right there with", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00085-00051574-00051974": "if i'm on you go first all right he doesn't have a good feeling about this okay well you better get", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00086-00051974-00052518": "right up next to it then [ __ ] all Paimon knows is that it's dangerous best we put it away for", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00087-00052518-00053110": "now best we put it in our pocket for now like now let's get out of here let's get out of here man", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00088-00053110-00053526": "get in the [ __ ] okay where's that chest that we missed before where's that chest i'm not i'm not", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00089-00053526-00053934": "forgot i didn't forget about that [ __ ] wow i can actually hear like the nature sounds in my headset", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00090-00053934-00054382": "and it reminds me of how beautiful outside is uh and that i stopped going out there a long time", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00091-00054382-00054766": "ago but it's fine i mean who needs to go outside when you can just i mean the real world doesn't", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00092-00054766-00055174": "look this good let's be real okay this looks way better than outside is that a ghost in the trees", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00093-00055174-00055894": "right there what's going on what is that can i kill it it's kind of cute though i'm not gonna lie", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00094-00055894-00056542": "what happened oh let's go all right a common chest oh i've got an artifact now okay we got a little", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00095-00056542-00056990": "flower that'll help me on the battlefield i'm sure just like in the original mario you know", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00096-00056990-00057350": "shooting the fireballs and so they're stealing from every nintendo game i'm guessing i guess", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00097-00057350-00057918": "that's the deal but listen it's okay because waifu that's why oh here's the chest we were looking at", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00098-00057918-00058438": "before let's let's go ahead and grab this i'm sure uh you know this is probably something worth it um", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00099-00058518-00059054": "got him dude got him dude oh my god explodes okay i didn't know that i didn't you should have told", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00100-00059054-00059438": "me what are you doing she's gonna let me get hit like that what's the button to kill it oh", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00101-00059438-00059838": "i figured it out that's the button oh he still explodes even if i defeat him give me all that", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00102-00059838-00060494": "gold and stuff slime condensate how do i pick that up i'm a pro gamer i know all these things small", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00103-00060494-00060990": "lamp grass i'll take that for the road i'm still on fire how do i not be on fire how do i stop drop", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00104-00060990-00061374": "and roll i don't know what's happening but i'm ready to i'm ready to climb the pillar when you", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00105-00061374-00061958": "are buddy you uh you gonna no we're not doing that today you can climb up mountains but you can't", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00106-00061958-00062510": "climb up the pillar is that what you're telling me good thing my iq is 150. all right maybe next time", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00107-00062510-00063054": "oh bokoblins let's go i'm going to beat this out of you bro i'm gonna kick your [ __ ] ass", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00108-00063054-00063542": "these things look kind of creepy i'm not gonna lie to you did he live what happened where'd", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00109-00063542-00064254": "he go did he drop loot strawberry sunset whoa my guy's back wait what the hell would you just spawn", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00110-00064454-00065150": "all right all right let's go i was made for this this is easy when do i get to start paying money", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00111-00065454-00065870": "uh-oh is this our first waifu oh my god i'm in love", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00112-00066742-00067390": "okay why was i not playing this game the past gear what is dude i love this game", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00113-00067518-00067958": "hello Amber i'm your husband she looks like she smells good she looks like just a", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00114-00067958-00068478": "pleasant aroma of like of apples yeah i'm from a different planet i'm kind of new around here", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00115-00068478-00068854": "i go to a different school pretty much so we're good sounds like a local native yeah", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00116-00068854-00069350": "it's it's from the internet it's fine i don't know i just emergency food pretty much it's even worse", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00117-00069574-00069966": "it's okay i wouldn't eat your diaper don't worry about that you're traveling partners", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00118-00069966-00070302": "right yeah that's what the government calls us pretty much let's just go", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00119-00070302-00070718": "oh my god i actually get her oh my god what is this thing what's this creature here you", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00120-00070718-00071062": "guys seeing that thing the [ __ ] is that press two to switch to my waifu okay so i could just", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00121-00071062-00071534": "play a sir for the rest of the game because i'm cool with that uh wow i was not ready for some", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00122-00071534-00071982": "[ __ ] valerian okay you guys didn't tell me why she run like Naruto what's this stuff do i get", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00123-00071982-00072422": "flint from this iron chunk that's one nickname they used to call me what do i do with these", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00124-00072422-00072830": "iron chunks i hope i can turn them into a way better than whatever sword i'm using right now", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00125-00073086-00073454": "oh what did you just call it i blacked out i was thinking about Amber i don't know what oh that", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00126-00073454-00074190": "thing what the [ __ ] is that what is that thing that's me oh it's a decoy oh you're an idiot oh my", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00127-00074190-00074726": "god what happened holy sh uh anyway don't tell the government about that uh that little child", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00128-00074726-00075470": "definitely did not explode into fire it's fine it's fine let's just uh that's so that's so cute", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00129-00075470-00075974": "what the [ __ ] where'd it go yo he just pulled in a literally and just yeeted that [ __ ] milo", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00130-00076254-00076430": "all right whatever all right let's let's i'm getting too", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00131-00076430-00076854": "distracted let's let's let's get down let's get down to business", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00132-00077054-00077454": "this is the perfect opportunity for you Amber i'm gonna need you to take out the sniper all right we", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00133-00077454-00077774": "got the blicky we always keep that bang on us you know what i'm saying we're gonna go right", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00134-00077774-00078550": "for the headshot oh my god get wrecked get good oh [ __ ] they're coming oh you're you're it's", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00135-00078550-00079014": "over for you [ __ ] it's [ __ ] over for you [ __ ] you you don't want to mess with avatar okay i'm", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00136-00079014-00079462": "the last airbender i got this just look at the legs on okay let's just i'm getting i'm getting", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00137-00079462-00079966": "too distracted your moves yeah okay what the [ __ ] does that mean and the local market has", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00138-00079966-00080462": "been affected as well not the local market how is capitalism gonna survive clearing this camp", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00139-00080462-00080926": "helped make the area a little bit safer man it'd be a shame if they respawned i'm just", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00140-00080926-00081254": "gonna collect everything and hope that i can sell it later always trying to get rich i'm", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00141-00081254-00081646": "gonna play the markets pretty early okay we're basically just gonna see if we can turn all this", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00142-00081646-00082158": "into uh enough money to get an NFT and then uh we'll take our little pixelated cat and we'll", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00143-00082158-00082518": "uh sell it on opensea and we'll make a bunch of money and then we'll buy a much nicer store than", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00144-00082518-00083054": "what we got right now okay is there fall damage in this game ah not if you roll that's that's", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00145-00083054-00083398": "that's the spirit link i mean uh what's his name anyway we're making our way downtown", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00146-00083606-00083990": "what's that holy [ __ ] it's Hinata are you travelers from around here as well", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00147-00083990-00084462": "no i'm literally from a different planet can't you tell eat before you go the first rule in", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00148-00084462-00084926": "the wilderness survival i literally just had chipotle but i'm i'm good thank you cook manually", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00149-00084926-00085926": "what's what's the dude that was so easy this game's so easy bro so easy bro nom nom nom", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00150-00086086-00086526": "let's go all right Linda join the team we're gonna kill some monsters all right on the next episode", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00151-00086526-00086926": "we're gonna try to make some sour patch kids but for right now listen lin it's been lovely i've had", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00152-00086926-00087374": "a great time but i'm trying to go kill some [ __ ] dragons so we're out of here oh we're level four", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00153-00087374-00087798": "let's go anyway we uh we made it to mond Mondstadt why did they have to name it that", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00154-00087798-00088078": "like this is the first thing in the game they could make it roll off the tongue a", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00155-00088078-00088382": "little bit better you know this reminds you like wind waker or something or like skyward", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00156-00088382-00088822": "sword i even fell out of the sky i'm pretty sure this is just a Zelda game but whatever", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00157-00088822-00089350": "introduce the city of wind dandelions and freedom wind dandelions and freedom uh", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00158-00089350-00089790": "can we find a city of fire cigarettes and booze because that sounds way more interesting to me but", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00159-00089998-00090414": "welcome to Mondstadt okay whatever you say Amber everyone's been put", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00160-00090414-00090782": "out of place by storm terror recently storm terror is a [ __ ] let me fight", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00161-00091190-00091638": "because you sat in the back in your pants so why don't you sit down there Paimon okay i'll treat", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00162-00091638-00092270": "you to a traditional monster delicacy sticky honey roast poggers i want a sticky honey roast", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00163-00092326-00092670": "she got so excess kind of cute i'm not gonna i've been [ __ ] on Paimon all video but not", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00164-00092670-00093030": "she's kind of cute though except for the local tavern near the city wall over there", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00165-00093030-00093438": "their business is better than ever because ever so i told you already people want cigarettes", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00166-00093438-00093814": "and booze that's really what we care about the most okay wow this this city actually", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00167-00093814-00094150": "looks pretty gorgeous i'm not gonna lie to you guys this is this is quite beautiful i don't", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00168-00094150-00094446": "think i'll ever leave the house after playing this like why would i you know", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00169-00094446-00094974": "so the present i want to give you is please be a game boy please be a game boy please be a game boy", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00170-00094974-00095470": "a wind glider oh god okay well wind is the heart and soul of Mondstadt", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00171-00095470-00095942": "Amber you're the heart and soul of monster just look at you Jesus Christ press W to move forward", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00172-00095942-00096438": "as if i didn't know that already all right dude why do i got black wings didn't i have different", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00173-00096438-00096910": "colored wings in the animation or in like in the opening anime or whatever this is incredible oh", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00174-00096910-00097326": "my god Amber i missed you so much oh [ __ ] blue eyes white dragon's coming back isn't he", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00175-00097646-00098206": "kaiba i [ __ ] love blue eyes man i love you view it looks like a butterfly i don't know i", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00176-00098206-00098550": "think i could take him he really puts the terror in storm terror doesn't he", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00177-00098550-00098870": "oh [ __ ] it's going down for rear", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00178-00099182-00099542": "yeah i like how i just don't get pulled into the [ __ ] tornadoes right there let's go oh", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00179-00099542-00100006": "swerve yo you thought you thought yo hit him with a comet how am i hot", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00180-00100326-00100990": "i'm a [ __ ] god now concentrate see yourself grasping the wind harness its energy", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00181-00101390-00101438": "let's go", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00182-00101742-00102142": "to get over here how do i get how do i chase after him yo we're [ __ ] high as hell", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00183-00102142-00102678": "oh my god i'm shutting my pants where'd he go oh we're back all right come here kaiba i mean", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00184-00102678-00103158": "blue eyes i'm doing a barrel roll right now do a barrel roll okay well i'm losing track can't", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00185-00103158-00103622": "i charge one up and just snipe them out of this guy i feel like that'd be more rewarding you know", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00186-00103718-00104158": "why does he just turn around and end my life oh [ __ ] here it comes i smoke too soon", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00187-00104382-00104950": "oh he just left like a puppy he put down are you hurt she's touching me", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00188-00105142-00105534": "who's this guy he got a [ __ ] he kind of got a dumpy i just want to know what's going on with the", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00189-00105534-00105966": "i the eye patch like are we pirates now or what's happening can't believe blue eyes didn't want to", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00190-00105966-00106582": "catch these hands man that's some [ __ ] oh i have a new outfit oh that's sexy oh my god who's that i", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00191-00106582-00107006": "need to know immediately who's that i thought we agreed to meet them here i can't breathe", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00192-00107102-00107518": "i brought them who's the witch lady because i'm in love i brought them straight here", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00193-00107518-00108174": "Mondstadt welcomes you wind born travelers oh i'm feeling i'm i'm feeling quite welcoming oh that's", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00194-00108174-00108886": "Jean holy [ __ ] a resident librarian damn Lisa i love i love the love your uh hat it looks", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00195-00108886-00109430": "really good skin is one elemental particle away from a full-blown break we we couldn't have that", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00196-00109430-00109942": "now could we Lisa i mean we got dragons destroying the city but you know if you got a pimple so be it", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00197-00109942-00110470": "okay gene is kind of thick let's just be let's just be let's just call it how it is okay i", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00198-00110470-00110974": "can't work under these conditions all right i just can't they're located in the abandoned four winds", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00199-00110974-00111614": "temples abandoned so so i'd be alone uh Lisa you want to come with me we got some stuff we got we", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00200-00111614-00112182": "gotta all right we can start to pay to win boys let's go so this is beginner's wish i'm going", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00201-00112182-00112614": "to assume that this is a good deal let's go ahead and do the beginner's wish let's see what we get", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00202-00112670-00113150": "come on pay to win gods come on pay the wing i don't see anything gold there i feel like", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00203-00113150-00113614": "gold stuff is the best an emerald orb what is this jewelry what do i need that for", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00204-00113686-00114070": "what's the slingshot that doesn't look like a slingshot that literally is a bow and arrow", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00205-00114278-00114686": "okay we got a sword that's probably better than my dull ass blade that i got so that's good", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00206-00114686-00115126": "come on waifu come on waifu do we cannot get we got another sword okay what's this", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00207-00115190-00115806": "we got three of the same thing we got duplicates sharpshooters oath what is what is this that's a", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00208-00115806-00116566": "that's a big sword i like that oh oh yes we got a we got a waifu let's go i have no idea if this", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00209-00116566-00117246": "character's oh my goodness we got two baby got two waifus let's [ __ ] go dude a maid who faithfully", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00210-00117246-00117686": "serves the knights of favonius and she uses a claymore how that's probably bigger than her", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00211-00117686-00118158": "what's Erica Baidu doing here holy sh she's an alcoholic i'm in love already all right come back", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00212-00118158-00118526": "to my place so you can beat the [ __ ] out of me all right i think that's a perfect place to leave", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00213-00118526-00118958": "it right there trade tactics i'm always ready oh yeah we'll we'll hang out all right i think that's", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00214-00118958-00119294": "where we're gonna leave it today boys and girls if you guys enjoyed the video drop a thumbs up on it", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00215-00119294-00119662": "it really lets me know that you wanna see more videos like this one and maybe we'll play some", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00216-00119662-00120014": "more gentian impact on the channel or maybe during a live stream if you're new around here subscribe", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00217-00120014-00120358": "to the channel and click that bell to be notified the next time that i upload a video and as always", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00218-00120358-00120678": "my social media links are in the description below so make sure you follow me over there", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00219-00120678-00121094": "on instagram twitter facebook discord all that stuff always down below and with that being said", "fu-vOFxlHJQ-00220-00121094-00121534": "guys thank you so much for watching this has been Omniarch I'll talk to you guys again soon peace"}}, {"audio_id": "fuHDLU13nqA", "text": {"fuHDLU13nqA-00000-00000024-00000252": "Hi travellers, I'm Anne's daughter Lileko.", "fuHDLU13nqA-00001-00000252-00000373": "Welcome to Wuhan!", "fuHDLU13nqA-00002-00000373-00001697": "Gosh it's been a long day coming from isolation in Shanghai, flying to Wuhan, which is only two hours and then now being escorted to the next isolation hotel ah.", "fuHDLU13nqA-00003-00001697-00001914": "Let's hope they have deliveries.", "fuHDLU13nqA-00004-00001914-00002984": "Anyway my first time in inland mainland China, which is pretty exciting so let's see what's in store"}}, {"audio_id": "fuQu5hk4r7y", "text": {"fuQu5hk4r7y-00000-00000462-00000860": "One of the most important developments of IHL occurred", "fuQu5hk4r7y-00001-00000860-00001324": "in the context of the American Civil War.", "fuQu5hk4r7y-00002-00001324-00001907": "During that war, Francis Lieber, a professor at Columbia University in New York, was asked", "fuQu5hk4r7y-00003-00001907-00002400": "by the general-in-chief of the Union forces, General Halleck,", "fuQu5hk4r7y-00004-00002400-00003013": "to compile all the existing customary laws of war.", "fuQu5hk4r7y-00005-00003013-00003750": "Besides having served as a soldier into two conflicts as a young man, Francis Lieber had", "fuQu5hk4r7y-00006-00003750-00004330": "gone onto become a well-known specialist in the law of war.", "fuQu5hk4r7y-00007-00004330-00004770": "Lieber took advantage of the interest expressed by General Halleck", "fuQu5hk4r7y-00008-00004770-00005098": "and suggested that a code be created.", "fuQu5hk4r7y-00009-00005098-00005844": "A code would simplify the complex range of customary rules making it a more useful guide", "fuQu5hk4r7y-00010-00005844-00006430": "for the officers of the Union forces during the Civil War.", "fuQu5hk4r7y-00011-00006430-00007479": "The code, completed in 1863, contained 157 articles and covered many areas.", "fuQu5hk4r7y-00012-00007479-00008140": "It was the first attempt to codify the laws and customs of war.", "fuQu5hk4r7y-00013-00008140-00008560": "The Lieber Code has had a great influence.", "fuQu5hk4r7y-00014-00008560-00008890": "In particular, it formed the basis of a draft convention", "fuQu5hk4r7y-00015-00008890-00009439": "adopted at an international conference held in Brussels in 1874.", "fuQu5hk4r7y-00016-00009439-00009984": "Although that convention was not ratified by the states, and so never became legally", "fuQu5hk4r7y-00017-00009984-00010806": "binding, its content was closely reflected in the 1880 Oxford Manual on the laws of land", "fuQu5hk4r7y-00018-00010806-00011471": "warfare, prepared by the then newly-formed Institute of International Law.", "fuQu5hk4r7y-00019-00011476-00012096": "The Oxford manual was, however, only the recommendations of a professional body", "fuQu5hk4r7y-00020-00012096-00012577": "and as such the text did not constitute a source of law.", "fuQu5hk4r7y-00021-00012577-00013360": "Nevertheless, the broad similarities between the three documents were clear evidence", "fuQu5hk4r7y-00022-00013360-00014133": "of a growing consensus regarding the content of the customary laws of armed conflict.", "fuQu5hk4r7y-00023-00014133-00014840": "This consensus was finally encompassed within legally binding international treaties", "fuQu5hk4r7y-00024-00014840-00015412": "during the Hague conferences of 1899 and 1907.", "fuQu5hk4r7y-00025-00015412-00015830": "A convention on the laws and customs of war", "fuQu5hk4r7y-00026-00015830-00016490": "was indeed adopted in 1899 and was revised in 1907.", "fuQu5hk4r7y-00027-00016490-00016987": "That revised convention remains valid law today.", "fuQu5hk4r7y-00028-00016987-00017638": "Thus the ongoing relevance of that Convention demonstrates just how influential the Lieber", "fuQu5hk4r7y-00029-00017638-00017912": "Code has been on contemporary IHL."}}, {"audio_id": "fuUJBAh6hfY", "text": {"fuUJBAh6hfY-00000-00003400-00003600": "Hi guys, I’m maengeul:D", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00001-00003614-00003936": "Today, I brought three kinds of mini pretzels that are good to give as gifts for upcoming Halloween!", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00002-00004168-00004466": "First, melt the chocolate on the mini grill( Or It's okay to heat it in boiling water!)", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00003-00004534-00005133": "When melting on a mini grill, drop the glass bowl off the grill when the chocolate is completely melted. Otherwise, the bottom of the chocolate could burn and form lumps!", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00004-00005304-00005504": "The topping ingredients that will fill up the Halloween mood👻", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00005-00005771-00006170": "Put some parchment paper on the plate to harden the chocolate pretzel", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00006-00006646-00006943": "If you put chocolate on the fork a few times, it'll be neatly organized", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00007-00007245-00007603": "You can change the taste of toppings and chocolate freely and make it however you want!", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00008-00008173-00008373": "Put toppings on top of chocolate before it hardens completely!!", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00009-00008870-00009171": "I made two lines, put toppings, made two lines, and repeatedly put toppings(recommend this way)", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00010-00009654-00009953": "Second, I mixed sweet pumpkin powder with chocolate🎃", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00011-00010858-00011156": "This time, I applied chocolate only on the top of the pretzel", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00012-00011433-00011933": "If the chocolate hardens or becomes dry, microwave it for about 10 seconds:)", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00013-00012252-00012550": "You can easily buy this Halloween candy topping at the baking mall", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00014-00013598-00013896": "Let it hard for about 20 minutes in a cool place!", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00015-00014094-00014393": "The third one is made with a lot of horse tea powder :)", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00016-00014893-00015093": "This time, I'll dip the whole thing in chocolate", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00017-00015971-00016269": "To make it look like Frankenstein, I made eyeballs with white chocolate chips", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00018-00016642-00016940": "I'm going to finish drawing eyes with a chocolate pen", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00019-00017436-00017733": "It's cuter when the eyes are in different positions:)", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00020-00018427-00018726": "Draw the sewn mouth, too", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00021-00018976-00019176": "finish", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00022-00021179-00021476": "Actually, I made strawberry topping pretzel because I wanted to eat it", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00023-00021575-00021873": "(Pretending to be Halloween style...)", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00024-00022146-00022443": "Put it in one by one", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00025-00022708-00023006": "Hey! I'm the real Halloween style!", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00026-00024232-00024432": "Cute Frankenstein pretzel", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00027-00024780-00025080": "When you take it off, cut the messy parts with scissors!", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00028-00025802-00026002": "Be careful not to drop your eyeballs!", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00029-00026364-00026663": "🎃Halloween pretzel trio is complete🎃", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00030-00027903-00028103": "I'm thinking about what to eat first….", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00031-00028485-00028685": "Oh my mistake….", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00032-00029107-00029406": "The strawberry toppings are so good!", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00033-00029864-00030163": "Sweet pumpkin chocolate is quite addictive. It's delicious!", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00034-00030941-00031239": "Wow... The matcha taste was delicious! It was the best.", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00035-00031682-00031980": "I'll pack the pretzel in a cup :)", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00036-00032895-00033095": "Put it in evenly!", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00037-00033446-00033646": "I added 12 per each!", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00038-00035024-00035224": "Done wrapping the gift", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00039-00035603-00035900": "Did you enjoy today's video?", "fuUJBAh6hfY-00040-00035960-00036260": "If you enjoyed it, please like, subscribe, and leave comments to cheer for me!"}}, {"audio_id": "fwdJekVJRou", "text": {"fwdJekVJRou-00000-00000936-00001920": "hello this is the 22nd point class of LBallet and you see the dancers behind me it's esme", "fwdJekVJRou-00001-00002016-00003104": "and smile sarah isis sana and ezra the last one we start with two hands at the bar in a slow", "fwdJekVJRou-00002-00003104-00004168": "three-quarter measure going to the front and plie bending the legs and stretch on the point", "fwdJekVJRou-00003-00004168-00005224": "closing other leg front side side back back dummy plie going over the feet", "fwdJekVJRou-00004-00005280-00006480": "stretch the insides to your armpits stay three quarter foot and going up and hold the me plie", "fwdJekVJRou-00005-00006536-00007288": "turn to your left ear because that's the air of the first leg you start with going down going down", "fwdJekVJRou-00006-00007344-00008200": "releve you are allowed to hold the bar but then take balance when you feel you are safe going on", "fwdJekVJRou-00007-00008200-00008704": "try to lift your arms and your back and your back is sloping forward", "fwdJekVJRou-00008-00008872-00009568": "don't be too near to the bar but elbows really down and opening the shoulders", "fwdJekVJRou-00009-00009840-00010216": "and the one two three one", "fwdJekVJRou-00010-00011080-00012176": "and one and plea and stretch close other leg out", "fwdJekVJRou-00011-00012760-00013784": "try to roll up your foot out please and stretch on the nose of the shoe", "fwdJekVJRou-00012-00013912-00015104": "and one please hold your instep very stretch nice meal close and to the back open your knee", "fwdJekVJRou-00013-00015104-00015928": "like in an attitude and point close one", "fwdJekVJRou-00014-00016240-00016840": "that's the side of your big toe and close the me plie", "fwdJekVJRou-00015-00016904-00018168": "going over the foot stretch the insides of your thighs and three quarter foot and up holding", "fwdJekVJRou-00016-00018896-00020528": "hanging and rolling up your shoe is not well at your foot the right one is sickling in", "fwdJekVJRou-00017-00021024-00021272": "the tailbone to the front my dears", "fwdJekVJRou-00018-00021736-00022840": "and coming up don't get with your heels out of each other and go up and up and stay", "fwdJekVJRou-00019-00023176-00023352": "if you can you go up", "fwdJekVJRou-00020-00023608-00023848": "nice hold your back hold your back you feel it", "fwdJekVJRou-00021-00025088-00025904": "yeah it's only because you are this little bit higher than the the the leaning backwards is", "fwdJekVJRou-00022-00025904-00026592": "is exaggerating so stay yes you should pull your shoe a little more there", "fwdJekVJRou-00023-00026727-00027568": "you you are a little bit sickled in in the shoe okay we have in every position so in", "fwdJekVJRou-00024-00027568-00028320": "first in second and fourth cross to the front and in fifth two times grand plie", "fwdJekVJRou-00025-00028320-00029272": "the second complier goes up on le v armin first de me plie roll", "fwdJekVJRou-00026-00029448-00030472": "and de me plie releve then you are moved then you can exercise really not leaning back with your", "fwdJekVJRou-00027-00030472-00031416": "back because then you are falling if you can leave the bar the plie turned you the same in second in", "fwdJekVJRou-00028-00031416-00032639": "fourth and fifth in the fifth down two three three two two three down two three susuhu turn arm up", "fwdJekVJRou-00029-00032712-00033536": "and up the me play to the first and then we start from the top so realize when you are on point", "fwdJekVJRou-00030-00033656-00034656": "they are seldom people who can stay on point 180 degrees turned out that sell them", "fwdJekVJRou-00031-00034752-00035680": "especially on the full holiday so you have to correct your back a little more forward", "fwdJekVJRou-00032-00035816-00036336": "because when you stay with your back on the same spot you're falling backward", "fwdJekVJRou-00033-00036416-00037208": "so on points really be very careful for you the holding of your back please paul", "fwdJekVJRou-00034-00037896-00039384": "and one opening three four one two don't hurry", "fwdJekVJRou-00035-00040032-00040784": "and try to move up and there we go if you can", "fwdJekVJRou-00036-00041104-00041160": "please", "fwdJekVJRou-00037-00041424-00042912": "one two three out and it's the little finger that is out of the arms and reliving on first", "fwdJekVJRou-00038-00043072-00044280": "do me plie and relax the ankles as her relaxing really relaxing arm goes up opening the legs", "fwdJekVJRou-00039-00044424-00045176": "pull them open some plie and forth really crossing", "fwdJekVJRou-00040-00045640-00045952": "and one two", "fwdJekVJRou-00041-00046216-00047232": "really hold your arm cross the falls dummy plie and opening dummy plie stay", "fwdJekVJRou-00042-00047336-00049184": "and arm if you can multi-turn out please nice and two keep your score shoulder square yeah", "fwdJekVJRou-00043-00050128-00051560": "both legs both legs no no plie for and now we turn it could have been as may but it isn't please", "fwdJekVJRou-00044-00051808-00052712": "relax the ankle yes three and four openings i'm not leaning back", "fwdJekVJRou-00045-00053320-00053776": "up to me please starting at the insides of your", "fwdJekVJRou-00046-00053832-00054472": "thighs together with the three-quarter foot push from the heel and going up", "fwdJekVJRou-00047-00054744-00056184": "nice opening opening yeah yeah the last one was correct", "fwdJekVJRou-00048-00056879-00058128": "and me please push from the heel to me please and opening the hips yes", "fwdJekVJRou-00049-00058448-00060384": "yeah now you have it and one i think even half a centimeter more", "fwdJekVJRou-00050-00060664-00061536": "nice yeah you start to manage and up open the legs", "fwdJekVJRou-00051-00061696-00063184": "turn your front and back together at the same time one", "fwdJekVJRou-00052-00063608-00064688": "and open both legs and up crossing the legs really crossing the sides and opening turn", "fwdJekVJRou-00053-00064855-00066120": "arm goes up and stay holding stay take your balance feel the legs open to your armpits", "fwdJekVJRou-00054-00066312-00067680": "beautiful open and nice yes ezra you start to manage to relax the ankles yeah and it's", "fwdJekVJRou-00055-00067680-00068608": "much more comfortable but you are even more sure then in your balance yeah okay but mom don't you", "fwdJekVJRou-00056-00068752-00069640": "starting from the first position so now we are going to make the releve", "fwdJekVJRou-00057-00069736-00070664": "not out of the plie but starting from stretched legs up that means that you have to roll", "fwdJekVJRou-00058-00070728-00071712": "up your whole foot but not pinching the sole try not to pinch the saw but try to strap", "fwdJekVJRou-00059-00071712-00072656": "to stretch all that little bones of your inside instep out of each other so every going up is", "fwdJekVJRou-00060-00072656-00074064": "going from stretched legs we have one and the two and one and two inside leg allen j going", "fwdJekVJRou-00061-00074256-00075336": "please to the front doing the same twice outside leg and close in the closing from the inside", "fwdJekVJRou-00062-00075336-00076360": "unknown j and you see first and so your arm is going to help you please the same to the back", "fwdJekVJRou-00063-00076360-00077248": "so closing his arm here arm starts to pick your legs up so there's a little help from your arm", "fwdJekVJRou-00064-00077328-00078416": "then we have the back and then we have going plie and up plie and up plie", "fwdJekVJRou-00065-00078488-00079984": "down you pivots on the jamba close first okay one two three one two three and it's really easy", "fwdJekVJRou-00066-00080320-00080968": "open to the sides out on the nose close", "fwdJekVJRou-00067-00081304-00081520": "the bottom of the arm inside leg", "fwdJekVJRou-00068-00081664-00082784": "our laundry i'm picking up i want to see the rock the rolling movement and the sole of the shoe", "fwdJekVJRou-00069-00083136-00083176": "one", "fwdJekVJRou-00070-00083456-00084552": "rolling movement please feel the inside shoulder oh you can be straighter", "fwdJekVJRou-00071-00084624-00085744": "and hold it straight that's better rolling up plie really up going plie", "fwdJekVJRou-00072-00085744-00087152": "very aware of the sole of your foot plie tall you want pivot run the jump and close going on and one", "fwdJekVJRou-00073-00087584-00088680": "lift your diaphragm over the front side the backside over the front sides down nice", "fwdJekVJRou-00074-00088928-00089352": "not pulling the hip back as may further away you can do more", "fwdJekVJRou-00075-00089440-00090232": "going out opening the legs and lift your back side over the front side", "fwdJekVJRou-00076-00090232-00091184": "and one nice and open the shoulder get the armpit right to the side", "fwdJekVJRou-00077-00091848-00093184": "rolling the soles of your feet and rolling good son up and rolling ants out ends on the jump", "fwdJekVJRou-00078-00093624-00094240": "yeah you remember i told you about the diaphragm so the back side", "fwdJekVJRou-00079-00094304-00095024": "is in the anatomy lower than the front side and you try to get the back side of your diaphragm", "fwdJekVJRou-00080-00095080-00095624": "over the front side and i think that will help you is this because you have a long back", "fwdJekVJRou-00081-00095712-00096320": "yeah little people to be little in dance is much more easier", "fwdJekVJRou-00082-00096408-00097080": "yeah yeah look that's what i mean and when you go on point now go on point and leave the bar", "fwdJekVJRou-00083-00097328-00097992": "over lifting over lifting oh yes that's what i mean this millimeter that makes it yes", "fwdJekVJRou-00084-00098064-00099440": "okay starting from fifth the mountain view on the up beat west batman and we have and one and", "fwdJekVJRou-00085-00099504-00100808": "to closing back and now close wait one moment closing front and back inside leg close plie", "fwdJekVJRou-00086-00101600-00102296": "the first doesn't change the second changes with the arm small arabesque and", "fwdJekVJRou-00087-00103424-00104359": "four times to the front four times to the back one time immediately turning", "fwdJekVJRou-00088-00104456-00105183": "searching for balance opening the legs when you are in fifth on point can you", "fwdJekVJRou-00089-00105272-00106240": "do it sunny you have tights can you please go on soon yes and now really it's not pinching the", "fwdJekVJRou-00090-00106240-00106968": "thighs at the inside it is crossing but opening towards your armpits and now leave the bar", "fwdJekVJRou-00091-00107056-00107632": "hold it hold it look that's nicely when you look from the side her", "fwdJekVJRou-00092-00107711-00108496": "her leg has one line to the armpit so opening opening looks she's using her inside muscles", "fwdJekVJRou-00093-00108496-00109200": "we can see them yeah that's what i want to see when you pinch them together you turn in", "fwdJekVJRou-00094-00109328-00110280": "when you pinch you turn in and when you open them to the armpits you turn out and then you", "fwdJekVJRou-00095-00110280-00111048": "do not need your ankles to do something so do not shift your ankles to the front when you come", "fwdJekVJRou-00096-00111048-00111928": "down in the plie the ankles are going down where your size and your turn out makes you going down", "fwdJekVJRou-00097-00112176-00112568": "okay and one and two", "fwdJekVJRou-00098-00113111-00114264": "up really crossing the first doesn't change the second dust small pose plie", "fwdJekVJRou-00099-00114368-00115376": "on the spot and one and the first doesn't change with our small", "fwdJekVJRou-00100-00115544-00116744": "plie on the spot now we are going to travel up please the noses of your shoes very close", "fwdJekVJRou-00101-00116744-00117480": "to each other yes that's good mail and close more crossing as me cross", "fwdJekVJRou-00102-00117696-00118104": "and nice going", "fwdJekVJRou-00103-00118592-00119904": "another eight counts one hold two balance opening the legs holding beautiful holding two three plea", "fwdJekVJRou-00104-00120056-00120728": "and the one this was wonderful too and with arm", "fwdJekVJRou-00105-00120935-00120976": "point", "fwdJekVJRou-00106-00121424-00122896": "and one really a viper with on plie up from two heels going forwards", "fwdJekVJRou-00107-00123032-00123688": "so the moving from the spots happens when you go up not when you go down", "fwdJekVJRou-00108-00123952-00124783": "you are almost in the camera and up down yes on both legs", "fwdJekVJRou-00109-00125152-00126024": "and another eight counts and one stay feel your fifth do you have to dance in your thighs", "fwdJekVJRou-00110-00126096-00126464": "lifting the back to your back", "fwdJekVJRou-00111-00126744-00127711": "nice yes yes now i know you are right on your balance easies because i see the shifting in", "fwdJekVJRou-00112-00127711-00128592": "your ankles and that's fine so never have the illusion that you can stand be still", "fwdJekVJRou-00113-00128688-00129728": "you cannot have a working in belly in belly when you are in a pose you are always moving", "fwdJekVJRou-00114-00129816-00130383": "and always moving stretching stretching more away more away from the pelvis okay", "fwdJekVJRou-00115-00131112-00131832": "and we have and one and two the third employee", "fwdJekVJRou-00116-00131832-00132392": "extraordinaire on the flat foot on the whole foot and out", "fwdJekVJRou-00117-00132648-00133616": "hold please inside leg and two in placer liquid play out and up", "fwdJekVJRou-00118-00133704-00134352": "hold and down back front plie derive", "fwdJekVJRou-00119-00134560-00136144": "up holding in up down i have to look no paddy bray and up to the front up to the back up to the side", "fwdJekVJRou-00120-00136144-00137272": "so you should other side one and two and plie could play out and up stay plie back", "fwdJekVJRou-00121-00137816-00138816": "holding the arm in first to the bar and changing questions clear really clear", "fwdJekVJRou-00122-00139024-00139368": "no dots okay there we go", "fwdJekVJRou-00123-00139832-00140184": "and one and two and please", "fwdJekVJRou-00124-00141408-00141584": "from plie", "fwdJekVJRou-00125-00142704-00145160": "and yes nice please out and up inside leg going to the front going to the back", "fwdJekVJRou-00126-00145216-00145688": "turn to the side let me do it again and once more one two", "fwdJekVJRou-00127-00146928-00147184": "and", "fwdJekVJRou-00128-00147512-00149984": "and in to the front holder up up down and one plie to go up out and to go up to go down", "fwdJekVJRou-00129-00151288-00151704": "isn't that fun yeah you see now we have this different", "fwdJekVJRou-00130-00151768-00152472": "phrasing different rhythms in the legs and then it gets it gets a happy exercise you can", "fwdJekVJRou-00131-00152536-00153376": "do your full pad second making it up up down turning yeah", "fwdJekVJRou-00132-00153584-00153616": "okay", "fwdJekVJRou-00133-00154104-00154512": "taking from fifth position the preparation", "fwdJekVJRou-00134-00154512-00155584": "to the side we have one two three one two three one two three two the sides", "fwdJekVJRou-00135-00156176-00158408": "finish to the sides please up and up and up and why wait wait yeah and pick a turn so the retiree", "fwdJekVJRou-00136-00158408-00159528": "comes from derriere to the me plie other side and four inside on the downside plea to the front one", "fwdJekVJRou-00137-00159664-00160680": "two and up and up and up turning you pull your knee can you show it please sir", "fwdJekVJRou-00138-00160816-00161568": "up now the knee is bringing you to the other side yes and then closing preparation", "fwdJekVJRou-00139-00161744-00162664": "is it clear it's rather complicated now but we do the same exercises next week so we have two", "fwdJekVJRou-00140-00162664-00163328": "weeks to work on them also at home because it is really complicated but it gets fun now it's not", "fwdJekVJRou-00141-00163328-00164280": "so boring anymore i'd like to have you light okay one two three one it's all not too quick", "fwdJekVJRou-00142-00165216-00166936": "and one to the side to the sides sides and to the sides side finish alas on the plie front up", "fwdJekVJRou-00143-00167024-00169024": "and pk and pk and go and turn preparation go on not crossing over energy to the sides one two", "fwdJekVJRou-00144-00169168-00170360": "three to the side plie front up two three up two three up two three pk turn", "fwdJekVJRou-00145-00170616-00171744": "and finish you are the one who knows the best that the grand jumbo pate finishes in alaska", "fwdJekVJRou-00146-00171848-00172384": "where were you confused because of the order of the step", "fwdJekVJRou-00147-00172768-00173504": "yeah you have no time you have to go on now and i force you to go on so you have to", "fwdJekVJRou-00148-00173584-00174488": "think on forehand when you start to think when you are doing things then you are always too late and", "fwdJekVJRou-00149-00174488-00175272": "that's the difficult thing for you i know you like to think why while when you are doing it already", "fwdJekVJRou-00150-00175272-00175920": "but you have to think before like driving a car looking in the mirror and then you know oh i can", "fwdJekVJRou-00151-00175920-00176936": "turn to the to the right side or to the left okay the hrp on one leg like we did last week", "fwdJekVJRou-00152-00177016-00178080": "and that's one going down and certainly could be i want you to push off with the most energy from", "fwdJekVJRou-00153-00178080-00178904": "your working leg so when i'm going on my right leg the relive on my right leg is made by the sole", "fwdJekVJRou-00154-00178904-00179912": "of my left foot and i have to see that down out in the second and the in and close out and two and", "fwdJekVJRou-00155-00179912-00180864": "up on one leg up on one leg up on two and then the other side and we do it four times when ezra", "fwdJekVJRou-00156-00180960-00181544": "you can try with the double making a full turn on the org", "fwdJekVJRou-00157-00181672-00182664": "so the third time because you have no points out one two three four now you turn a full up", "fwdJekVJRou-00158-00182760-00183640": "down if you can you do another one but it's not necessary you can do out and close yeah okay", "fwdJekVJRou-00159-00184080-00184184": "lifting the back", "fwdJekVJRou-00160-00184464-00184600": "and out please", "fwdJekVJRou-00161-00184840-00186384": "and out leave nice eases and out up down up down up nice and then you can close behind us", "fwdJekVJRou-00162-00186488-00187784": "yes feel all these little bones in the instep out of each other and stretch nice plie and one", "fwdJekVJRou-00163-00188696-00189440": "one now hold the left ankle sarah over the outside of the left foot in the plie", "fwdJekVJRou-00164-00189560-00189768": "over the outside yes that's better", "fwdJekVJRou-00165-00189992-00190800": "thank you yeah you feel yeah because my dears it's i think the people at home also we all want", "fwdJekVJRou-00166-00190800-00191640": "to have this 180 degrees turned out but when we we look at dancers also professional dancers there is", "fwdJekVJRou-00167-00191720-00192736": "almost never somebody who is because our our our anatomy is not built like that but we wanted so we", "fwdJekVJRou-00168-00192736-00193672": "love to be yeah and then we are trying to get it out of other ligaments so it is not nice to turn", "fwdJekVJRou-00169-00193672-00194264": "here and not to have this on the floor you have to go down really with the whole food on the floor", "fwdJekVJRou-00170-00194264-00195072": "because you are lifting your full body weight on one on two toes if you are lucky on three", "fwdJekVJRou-00171-00195072-00195776": "if you are only unlucky only you have only one toe to balance on and i don't know your weight", "fwdJekVJRou-00172-00195776-00197008": "but it's all on this one so it's heavy okay we have the adagio starting a little from the bar", "fwdJekVJRou-00173-00197136-00198504": "and uh attitude quasi-derived up on the nose three four getting the leg and [ __ ] in", "fwdJekVJRou-00174-00198576-00200832": "you turn you close and turn back and one two three four one two three and four and one two", "fwdJekVJRou-00175-00200832-00201832": "three hold two three stay stay and that's not stay standing being quiet and still but moving", "fwdJekVJRou-00176-00201832-00203064": "up holding on five is possibly on six you turn on seven you pull you you take your foot very", "fwdJekVJRou-00177-00203064-00204056": "carefully across the supporting leg down in fifth and then you turn and the end is territory one", "fwdJekVJRou-00178-00204144-00204840": "a la second shoulders in front of the hips closing in front developing to the front", "fwdJekVJRou-00179-00204919-00206304": "to the front closing on three and step back so the last movement is really you you are here and", "fwdJekVJRou-00180-00206304-00207288": "the back so going down on your front leg yes okay so be a little bit away from the bar", "fwdJekVJRou-00181-00207880-00208784": "one two three one two three", "fwdJekVJRou-00182-00209248-00209519": "look forward and", "fwdJekVJRou-00183-00209744-00210184": "and moving holding lifting beautiful", "fwdJekVJRou-00184-00210376-00211271": "and one and turn closing carefully uh", "fwdJekVJRou-00185-00211488-00211808": "to the sides holding", "fwdJekVJRou-00186-00211960-00213471": "holding and finish to the front one and out good easy it is beautiful really please and to the go", "fwdJekVJRou-00187-00213680-00214608": "hold yeah hold your stomach on turn the knee", "fwdJekVJRou-00188-00214880-00215352": "finish really in fifth closing and", "fwdJekVJRou-00189-00215752-00216328": "yes sitting bones are equal goods now i'm curious", "fwdJekVJRou-00190-00217119-00217552": "and step back thank you very much", "fwdJekVJRou-00191-00217776-00218480": "uh-huh yeah now you notice when you are stretched and you are really well placed now", "fwdJekVJRou-00192-00218480-00218871": "then you you you notice that your leg is going up from the bottom", "fwdJekVJRou-00193-00218936-00220000": "that's really right finish really from the roti ray in a careful fifth you and now", "fwdJekVJRou-00194-00220000-00220856": "in a careful fifth yeah that's the moment the whole audience is looking at your pointed foot", "fwdJekVJRou-00195-00220856-00221528": "so take this moment and it's not so difficult for us but you can make something of it okay", "fwdJekVJRou-00196-00221688-00222736": "then we go on with the bits with the season on point and up two three from lag and up", "fwdJekVJRou-00197-00222736-00224000": "two three back leg and up two three four two three front two to the back two three the push up", "fwdJekVJRou-00198-00224136-00225088": "the both feet are pushing up but the most energy you should take from the pushing up", "fwdJekVJRou-00199-00225160-00226248": "from your working foot your working foot is doing the longest way in space so your working", "fwdJekVJRou-00200-00226248-00227032": "foot has quite more tempo needs more tempo than the supporting foot to arrive on the", "fwdJekVJRou-00201-00227032-00227880": "same moment so we have to push more from the soul of your working foot and your working foot", "fwdJekVJRou-00202-00227880-00228567": "is bringing your supporting foot on point and it helps it really helps and you need this", "fwdJekVJRou-00203-00228656-00229336": "for the moment also when we do pirouettes otherwise you are still moving when you are", "fwdJekVJRou-00204-00229336-00230167": "turning already and then you have no balance so we have to arrive really in the same moment being", "fwdJekVJRou-00205-00230167-00231256": "ready and it's the same for you without points okay and one two three one two three one two three", "fwdJekVJRou-00206-00231767-00232584": "plie up and front leg and and back leg", "fwdJekVJRou-00207-00232752-00235008": "and front again and push and up and up and up and up and up front again and again and up and up nice", "fwdJekVJRou-00208-00235384-00236432": "heel in the floor as me right heel and the floor and the plie up and pushing from the working leg", "fwdJekVJRou-00209-00236719-00236784": "up", "fwdJekVJRou-00210-00237152-00237904": "and yeah yeah and then it's another thing i i have to force you to get the heels on the", "fwdJekVJRou-00211-00237904-00238952": "floor right yeah and it is look when you do is do this feel what much force you have in your heels", "fwdJekVJRou-00212-00239088-00239760": "yeah and you neglect them because you're staying here and it's a pity then you get", "fwdJekVJRou-00213-00239760-00240656": "also too much stance in the front of your lower leg and there is another thing i really want to", "fwdJekVJRou-00214-00240656-00241680": "see you to make a line with your little toe or your first toe across your supporting leg", "fwdJekVJRou-00215-00241680-00242816": "i see i now i'm exaggerating i see happening this and i want to see you going yes and that's", "fwdJekVJRou-00216-00242816-00243784": "very important you have to make this line so your tights should show me a line from your toes and", "fwdJekVJRou-00217-00243936-00244871": "and again and yes dad i want to see you feel and then you are much more safe because this", "fwdJekVJRou-00218-00244936-00245784": "is no position your body does not know this so give your body the things it can recognize okay", "fwdJekVJRou-00219-00245976-00246960": "and we have the granba ma and we go twice to the front and one with your arm to the back", "fwdJekVJRou-00220-00246960-00248392": "to the back don't change change change arm goes to the back to the back taking up taking up now you", "fwdJekVJRou-00221-00248392-00249656": "open two three four the me plie releve there we are again the me please back so you change", "fwdJekVJRou-00222-00249736-00250784": "while closing and then you are on point don't ask me why but you rather never do a season", "fwdJekVJRou-00223-00250880-00251496": "in the derriere you always also in the pirouette on the down you always", "fwdJekVJRou-00224-00251496-00252632": "bring the foot to the front so we have to exercise that you have plie retiree plie back reforms plie", "fwdJekVJRou-00225-00252736-00253728": "then again retiree front and now we are turning on the down so the leg comes in the back", "fwdJekVJRou-00226-00253856-00254616": "and plie and then you can take your time paul will wait for you because that's really new", "fwdJekVJRou-00227-00254767-00255616": "and it is twice to the front we start with the arm side twice with the inside to the back arabesque", "fwdJekVJRou-00228-00255616-00256112": "four times to the side the first one does not change it's an even", "fwdJekVJRou-00229-00256112-00256736": "number twice to the back with the outside twice with the inside opening the arm when", "fwdJekVJRou-00230-00256736-00257264": "you go out for the first one that doesn't change plie retiree devon", "fwdJekVJRou-00231-00257584-00258032": "clearly turning and you get the time from paul", "fwdJekVJRou-00232-00258312-00259071": "remember your hips are always in first also when you are wearing board go to the front you know it", "fwdJekVJRou-00233-00259128-00259223": "you do not need me", "fwdJekVJRou-00234-00259528-00260312": "and the one you can turn them full turn full turn", "fwdJekVJRou-00235-00261080-00262256": "and one and two now you go to shirt", "fwdJekVJRou-00236-00262504-00262560": "opening", "fwdJekVJRou-00237-00262952-00264784": "plie one up two back up front front turn stay stay stay stay stay stay he comes in the back", "fwdJekVJRou-00238-00266152-00266376": "nice now opening the arm", "fwdJekVJRou-00239-00266808-00266888": "please", "fwdJekVJRou-00240-00267112-00267864": "play and up play up and turn chain yeah now you know it son", "fwdJekVJRou-00241-00268152-00268984": "nice hips in first as may hips and yeah well done and", "fwdJekVJRou-00242-00269248-00269456": "oh you were a little bit scared", "fwdJekVJRou-00243-00269704-00270408": "you didn't know it yeah you are too big you but you're not too big too tall you have too", "fwdJekVJRou-00244-00270408-00271128": "much length for being on point in the retiree yeah but then you should take it a little lower", "fwdJekVJRou-00245-00271256-00272120": "so when you have a bar that is a little too low this bar is too low for this long young woman yes", "fwdJekVJRou-00246-00272120-00273048": "so then you turn with your knee a little lower and when you arrive you pick up again the height", "fwdJekVJRou-00247-00273048-00273760": "that's the system we get this when you are going to turn at the bar pirouettes you will have to", "fwdJekVJRou-00248-00273760-00274600": "get used to it because i have no higher bar i'm sorry i would like to have three heights one for", "fwdJekVJRou-00249-00274600-00275304": "the baby ones and one for the tall women and the big man yeah okay but it isn't like this", "fwdJekVJRou-00250-00275368-00275928": "you are lucky the bar is really for sarah and for merrell this bar is wonderful", "fwdJekVJRou-00251-00275928-00276848": "but for all the others he is too low it's a little old-fashioned here yeah okay come send some ideas", "fwdJekVJRou-00252-00277104-00277696": "do you need a little water then take it now no okay then we go on and you", "fwdJekVJRou-00253-00277696-00278784": "know what we are doing and up two three up two three stay under stay and out and out", "fwdJekVJRou-00254-00278856-00280184": "and stay back slope forward and up and up and out and up and sushu and sushu ashape", "fwdJekVJRou-00255-00280728-00281584": "finish yeah you know it we don't only one side", "fwdJekVJRou-00256-00281864-00282672": "nothing doing the tips of your shoulders should be in front of the bones", "fwdJekVJRou-00257-00282672-00283536": "of your pelvic wings yeah and now hanging the arms and really in front of you the elbows", "fwdJekVJRou-00258-00283808-00284720": "you're pulling them back let them hang here there we go and one two three", "fwdJekVJRou-00259-00285440-00285904": "and up and up absolutely three quarters holding", "fwdJekVJRou-00260-00286136-00287232": "and second and second stretch your ribbons away and fifth and a pull them on", "fwdJekVJRou-00261-00287232-00287824": "out and he pull them on and there is air under your arms", "fwdJekVJRou-00262-00288128-00288920": "holding there is much air the air is blowing your arms in the correct position", "fwdJekVJRou-00263-00289016-00289632": "and opening wasn't that quick enough and finish", "fwdJekVJRou-00264-00289888-00290768": "did you have any moment that you thought about the heels on the floor no i could see that and that's", "fwdJekVJRou-00265-00290768-00291872": "for you now the priority to get this and don't if you do not feel safe it is very human what you", "fwdJekVJRou-00266-00291872-00292928": "are doing but it is not helpful to pull your arms back to yourself you really have to space the air", "fwdJekVJRou-00267-00292928-00293784": "between your limes and between at the bottom of your body and that's so important this gives you", "fwdJekVJRou-00268-00293784-00294360": "the stretching up in your back the moment you do this look then my back can go in", "fwdJekVJRou-00269-00294488-00295312": "yes so you have to hypnotize yourself not doing things like that because you are", "fwdJekVJRou-00270-00295512-00296280": "you are working against the movement then yeah okay going on you were a little quicker sana", "fwdJekVJRou-00271-00296512-00297248": "yeah if you went when finishing take your time enjoy it enjoy being on points", "fwdJekVJRou-00272-00297304-00298328": "it's your chance okay the traveling sisu we did last week and we travel into big post quasi we", "fwdJekVJRou-00273-00298328-00300368": "start with an asia pay and end one two three four five is ready on seven and eight and one go two go", "fwdJekVJRou-00274-00300368-00301440": "three go four go five go six is razzy on seven hold on eight then we go backwards come front", "fwdJekVJRou-00275-00301440-00302608": "walk backwards shoulders shoulders against the air yes and don't be afraid to go backwards", "fwdJekVJRou-00276-00302608-00303728": "esra i think this is too much really plie i want you to jump listen a chappie to the front", "fwdJekVJRou-00277-00303728-00304616": "to the front to the front to the front but asia pay to the front to the front to the front to", "fwdJekVJRou-00278-00304616-00305384": "the front to the front but to enter until but you do it after them you get another temple", "fwdJekVJRou-00279-00305544-00306160": "you have it the andre chakatra stays on the same spot", "fwdJekVJRou-00280-00306304-00306864": "but the sea subaru shows up going forward and backward the ladies", "fwdJekVJRou-00281-00307152-00308184": "and the one two three four and we start with a pause for ezra", "fwdJekVJRou-00282-00308648-00310504": "and one and two and three four nice be there on seven very nice come on good five six seven", "fwdJekVJRou-00283-00310568-00312384": "eight backwards one two three four and down and down and down and down out in on the upbeat", "fwdJekVJRou-00284-00312792-00313920": "it was up on the upbeats yeah you you change your rhythm yeah you can do up and up but i want", "fwdJekVJRou-00285-00313920-00314896": "to have from as may a real plie so our all our plies are now on the count because of her", "fwdJekVJRou-00286-00314896-00315712": "yeah you do and then one and two forward forward forward forward but two but two and the one and", "fwdJekVJRou-00287-00315712-00316736": "two yeah and in the air cross cross the legs yeah you do the whole thing and then one and two", "fwdJekVJRou-00288-00317584-00317840": "right in front going on", "fwdJekVJRou-00289-00319296-00319976": "yes you know i'm very glad for all of you that you all are moving more backwards down forwards", "fwdJekVJRou-00290-00320040-00320832": "yes that's that's really that's that's a winning point but you notice you thought oh i will do that", "fwdJekVJRou-00291-00320832-00321352": "whoop that's an egg it's a little egg that's very easy but that is not easy", "fwdJekVJRou-00292-00321352-00322240": "because i want to see you crossing the legs in the left and your legs are out of each other yeah", "fwdJekVJRou-00293-00322448-00322672": "so they learn also a little dutch yeah", "fwdJekVJRou-00294-00322904-00323832": "as what oh but i like the egg i like the egg it was easter so we do it with eggs yeah", "fwdJekVJRou-00295-00324040-00324480": "yeah okay we are going on with the double asia p", "fwdJekVJRou-00296-00324656-00326352": "so we mark second plie two legs one two three and four one two three four five six seven eight one", "fwdJekVJRou-00297-00326352-00328152": "two three four one two three f four fourth fifth big arabesque si su si suplie turn plea for you", "fwdJekVJRou-00298-00328312-00329320": "for you one two back front and close same side one two back front and close", "fwdJekVJRou-00299-00329496-00330112": "one two three four turning turning turning turning turning turning down", "fwdJekVJRou-00300-00330184-00331104": "one two back front close again one two back front close side back plie", "fwdJekVJRou-00301-00331336-00331992": "and that you can do in the same we try it in the same tempo when it's too quick we do it separately", "fwdJekVJRou-00302-00331992-00332968": "for you can you move a little some forward some backwards okay two arms in the serial could appear", "fwdJekVJRou-00303-00333088-00334064": "and remember the leg that is becoming your working leg gives the most push that", "fwdJekVJRou-00304-00334136-00334992": "that foot this foot is pushing the other foot on point one two three four", "fwdJekVJRou-00305-00335664-00336184": "and", "fwdJekVJRou-00306-00336696-00336920": "opening and finish go", "fwdJekVJRou-00307-00337272-00337584": "you have to be there son", "fwdJekVJRou-00308-00338064-00339032": "thank you one moment i want to see you really on balance in the sierra leopard you manage", "fwdJekVJRou-00309-00339032-00339648": "and you are lucky you have not size 32 in your points otherwise you work too much too early down", "fwdJekVJRou-00310-00339728-00340600": "yes because you have 39 or 40 you can divide your movement but i do not see you on point i see you", "fwdJekVJRou-00311-00340600-00341320": "going up and going down but i really want one two and be there down can i see this from you", "fwdJekVJRou-00312-00341480-00342488": "and one two and b there down go on two and be there now now this the first one was correct so", "fwdJekVJRou-00313-00342488-00343184": "you notice this is again the same thing giving more quick energy when you start", "fwdJekVJRou-00314-00343280-00344376": "and you are doing all the things the same no push yeah that's very important then we have to be", "fwdJekVJRou-00315-00344376-00345416": "very aware that our arms going on and being there going on and being there", "fwdJekVJRou-00316-00345416-00346536": "going on and going on and going on and closing die yes because you are like as adults i see", "fwdJekVJRou-00317-00346872-00347144": "yeah i have to see the movement", "fwdJekVJRou-00318-00347216-00348784": "in your arms that's your breathing can you manage yes okay we do it again", "fwdJekVJRou-00319-00349128-00349208": "that's better", "fwdJekVJRou-00320-00349448-00350184": "going all this your arms", "fwdJekVJRou-00321-00350928-00351584": "your arms", "fwdJekVJRou-00322-00352952-00353968": "and open yes that's better yes and the last one the very last turn should be a quick turn", "fwdJekVJRou-00323-00354056-00354592": "but then you stay in this hubble double double double double double dom and then you double", "fwdJekVJRou-00324-00354592-00355448": "double dum da double double dum da double double boring so give me the end out and two and up", "fwdJekVJRou-00325-00355632-00356616": "bad from the quad this is for the really advanced people quasi here starting and", "fwdJekVJRou-00326-00356680-00357528": "finish here and not there that's for the really advanced people huh for the other ones i'm really", "fwdJekVJRou-00327-00357528-00358440": "glad when you yeah yeah you have to finish together no these legs are going out to finish out", "fwdJekVJRou-00328-00358504-00359216": "yeah we have to that's just really yeah because there is no uh no inhibiting in it up opening", "fwdJekVJRou-00329-00359440-00359896": "you up i do not think about a turn i", "fwdJekVJRou-00330-00360304-00361384": "and you are thinking and i'm turn it's not a turn it's relevant", "fwdJekVJRou-00331-00361816-00362608": "and it helps me when i arrive opening the arm then and then i'm getting wider that's the wrong leg", "fwdJekVJRou-00332-00362736-00363752": "and an opening yeah when you arrive on point then you open so the arms are cl", "fwdJekVJRou-00333-00363752-00364456": "opening closing opening yet it helps because then you get wider and you can have more", "fwdJekVJRou-00334-00364520-00364928": "yeah that's it can you do it again now we see it", "fwdJekVJRou-00335-00365352-00366072": "opening look how beautiful yes thank you and there's dremeling i do not mind i really do not", "fwdJekVJRou-00336-00366072-00366896": "mind but you have to phrase again think you have to sing sana about when do i give a quicker energy", "fwdJekVJRou-00337-00366896-00367680": "and when i give a slower energy and it's not that you are not doing your best you do it fine i'm", "fwdJekVJRou-00338-00367680-00368384": "really appreciate that but sometimes you have to go quicker yeah and that's your problem man yeah", "fwdJekVJRou-00339-00368448-00369496": "knowing that okay going on season sample there we go again and we have end up two three from two", "fwdJekVJRou-00340-00369496-00370440": "three up two three back at two three up two three from to the back stretch plea remember", "fwdJekVJRou-00341-00370440-00371328": "i had to tell you also about your exercise before on points with points on your feet this", "fwdJekVJRou-00342-00371408-00372480": "region in your body is forbidden for your arms the arms have to be more in front than normally so", "fwdJekVJRou-00343-00372480-00373216": "really to the front with your arms second position with spawn points on your feet going on point is", "fwdJekVJRou-00344-00373216-00374320": "in front of you not at your side because of this little piece you are going higher yes do we know", "fwdJekVJRou-00345-00374320-00375384": "it yes it is the old exercise at the bar now one two three one two three one two you can turn again", "fwdJekVJRou-00346-00375928-00376976": "and up and front leg nice be there i want to see you stay and stay and stretch down", "fwdJekVJRou-00347-00377288-00377424": "yeah good santa", "fwdJekVJRou-00348-00377904-00378184": "thank you stop your arms", "fwdJekVJRou-00349-00378296-00378992": "while stretching on seven two three eight that was my whole talk before we started", "fwdJekVJRou-00350-00379312-00380032": "when you stretch your feet open and close but open only for your feeling it is", "fwdJekVJRou-00351-00380032-00380864": "half an opening and you are too slow you manage but when i take the tempo", "fwdJekVJRou-00352-00380864-00381872": "faster you will not manage anymore i really want to take a unmoved photo from you in the rotary", "fwdJekVJRou-00353-00381968-00382720": "and i can't you are moving you are moving and moving you cannot take this moving for a pirouette", "fwdJekVJRou-00354-00382808-00383840": "you fall on your um yeah we really have to end stay and stay and yeah so we do it again", "fwdJekVJRou-00355-00383896-00384584": "you did wonderful but your left point is not in order i think you should take this", "fwdJekVJRou-00356-00384808-00385376": "more narrow you're falling out and they are getting too big", "fwdJekVJRou-00357-00385376-00385936": "i do not know if your feet are shrinking but the points are too wide", "fwdJekVJRou-00358-00386248-00386584": "it's a little before age with you huh", "fwdJekVJRou-00359-00386864-00387688": "yeah how do does this this point feel yeah they are really too loose perhaps you have to wear", "fwdJekVJRou-00360-00387688-00388648": "socks in them like in earlier times in your folklore shoes yes and then don't take this", "fwdJekVJRou-00361-00388648-00389384": "with all colors and take something a little in the same but do socks in them okay", "fwdJekVJRou-00362-00389616-00390976": "there's somebody with the wrong foot and stay yes sana and stay and stay and up", "fwdJekVJRou-00363-00391760-00392592": "stop i have to talk to you once more because the retiree goes", "fwdJekVJRou-00364-00392592-00393256": "with the knee to the side but because of the working foot is going up", "fwdJekVJRou-00365-00393440-00394056": "that's the reason that your knee is going to the side and it's not going with the knee to", "fwdJekVJRou-00366-00394056-00394984": "the side and oh yeah we have also a foot no it's really the foot is bringing you and the roti do it", "fwdJekVJRou-00367-00395280-00396544": "huh yeah almost almost we're getting there up and push yes you feel you can do that but there", "fwdJekVJRou-00368-00396544-00397440": "is something that is inhibiting you yeah not going over you are going over to your first toe", "fwdJekVJRou-00369-00397680-00397944": "be yeah be on point on your big one", "fwdJekVJRou-00370-00398192-00398624": "on the big one yeah not to the fourth you feel when it's happening", "fwdJekVJRou-00371-00398768-00399312": "yeah you're doing this when you are on point you are starts correctly and then you go to", "fwdJekVJRou-00372-00399312-00400216": "the fourth one hold the inside of the leg hold the inside hold ya not going out not going there", "fwdJekVJRou-00373-00400352-00401144": "i know why you try to get more instep yeah but that's not the moment i i appreciate that but", "fwdJekVJRou-00374-00401144-00401600": "this is not the moment to try it now you have to use your foot for what he is", "fwdJekVJRou-00375-00401664-00402344": "that's nice that's enough i'm very satisfied about that okay okay going on", "fwdJekVJRou-00376-00402552-00403144": "yeah now we did all the very difficult ones shitty pk pirouette on the door", "fwdJekVJRou-00377-00403312-00404552": "from the corner this panda braceley v and we go and one two three turn two three one two three", "fwdJekVJRou-00378-00404552-00405496": "turn two three and now it seems unimportant but i want you do the pk on a stretch leg and going", "fwdJekVJRou-00379-00405592-00407032": "so i do not want to see this i really want you to move two three and four yeah", "fwdJekVJRou-00380-00407280-00407984": "okay uh is this so nice and go to the other side sarah", "fwdJekVJRou-00381-00408240-00408984": "male okay okay sana is starting", "fwdJekVJRou-00382-00409696-00410864": "with doubt and verses and without and vis and one and two and three and four and then you", "fwdJekVJRou-00383-00410864-00412024": "walk away and really not like a dancer but being a dancer uh you can decide yourself", "fwdJekVJRou-00384-00412184-00413120": "yeah for the intermediate people you are just starting with the turn if you think i can manage", "fwdJekVJRou-00385-00413120-00414104": "because in my opinion and i'm sure is turning on point less difficult than without point but you", "fwdJekVJRou-00386-00414104-00415120": "have to be on on balance and not being afraid being afraid does make you doing strange things", "fwdJekVJRou-00387-00415360-00416352": "there are two possibilities you do it right or you do it wrong so okay uh let's start with isis", "fwdJekVJRou-00388-00416456-00417239": "and then you have a look how she does it and then it's your turn so we go one one one one one", "fwdJekVJRou-00389-00417239-00418216": "one okay you are turning everything and doing a single double single double just start up and turn", "fwdJekVJRou-00390-00418432-00419720": "turn one two three and four and one two three one two three one two three one and going yes yes", "fwdJekVJRou-00391-00419928-00420568": "okay one nicer going away", "fwdJekVJRou-00392-00421368-00421584": "and up and up", "fwdJekVJRou-00393-00421872-00423872": "and go and big pose at the end and up and going double single double and wall walk being there", "fwdJekVJRou-00394-00424088-00424496": "turn one turn sides", "fwdJekVJRou-00395-00424912-00425784": "one and up and up good good go yes good girl", "fwdJekVJRou-00396-00426112-00427184": "turning down you forget your hat the focus", "fwdJekVJRou-00397-00427735-00428584": "one two three one two three one two three one", "fwdJekVJRou-00398-00429496-00430480": "stop yeah this is nice this is nice but i prefer now that in the steps you do one", "fwdJekVJRou-00399-00430543-00431600": "and two that's more adult yeah this is more for the younger boys yes so up from 9 to 13 we do this", "fwdJekVJRou-00400-00431600-00432656": "and now we are bigger yeah okay um the stepping up for the party bourgeois 3v is making that you", "fwdJekVJRou-00401-00432656-00433447": "have a little stiff knees now after the turning you were very obedient i thank you for that", "fwdJekVJRou-00402-00433447-00434256": "you all got on a stretch leg but now you have to move this leg and now this leg stays stiff and the", "fwdJekVJRou-00403-00434256-00435416": "arms should go one two three and four not always the same arms yeah we do it again", "fwdJekVJRou-00404-00435568-00436200": "hey he says you can do four turns sarah the spotting you forget", "fwdJekVJRou-00405-00436343-00437376": "you should turn your head a little earlier you hear me not say i don't say quicker i say earlier", "fwdJekVJRou-00406-00437624-00438568": "don't be afraid yeah and now you think oh she's talking easy she can say that i", "fwdJekVJRou-00407-00438568-00439784": "can do that yes you can do this you're fine on point and the one two huh is this easy starting", "fwdJekVJRou-00408-00440088-00441072": "up close the arm close the arm yes go go go knee knee nice yeah you feel that one", "fwdJekVJRou-00409-00441160-00442280": "two and hold your back not falling back and go arm now this was right one go turn", "fwdJekVJRou-00410-00442368-00442584": "up", "fwdJekVJRou-00411-00443416-00443984": "and go", "fwdJekVJRou-00412-00445064-00445512": "go nice and go go go go go one too big", "fwdJekVJRou-00413-00445776-00446784": "and stop then you can take the pose one two three plie and pose yes um", "fwdJekVJRou-00414-00446872-00447928": "we can all see it and i hope the people at home have seen it the using of the arms being on point", "fwdJekVJRou-00415-00448032-00449120": "comes even more accurate than without you were too late with your first turn with the", "fwdJekVJRou-00416-00449120-00450056": "arm saga your arm is staying behind you i told you before this is a forbidden zone when you", "fwdJekVJRou-00417-00450056-00451120": "are on point your arms have to be must be have to be in front of you and now closing up and close", "fwdJekVJRou-00418-00451120-00451912": "the arm yes there you go you are too late in your focus changing and in the changing of your arm", "fwdJekVJRou-00419-00452104-00453304": "closing closing closing closing that's it you see how easy it's the same for you yeah it is not so", "fwdJekVJRou-00420-00453304-00454256": "difficult because you are not asked for a balance so you are moving and you can move and through", "fwdJekVJRou-00421-00454256-00455312": "the movement you can stay so now we start the second part eases is the starting one please paul", "fwdJekVJRou-00422-00455896-00456176": "close turn the heads heads", "fwdJekVJRou-00423-00456368-00456584": "one", "fwdJekVJRou-00424-00457120-00457456": "on the point yes go on", "fwdJekVJRou-00425-00457456-00458176": "good the focus out", "fwdJekVJRou-00426-00458535-00459520": "and please hold your back move the knees", "fwdJekVJRou-00427-00459943-00460784": "turn your head", "fwdJekVJRou-00428-00461312-00462384": "and yes and then this last plie force should be more supple and deeper to end because you know", "fwdJekVJRou-00429-00462384-00463104": "immense variation what is always the end of immense variation whether you do a turn with five", "fwdJekVJRou-00430-00463104-00463984": "pirates or you do a triple tourney there's always the ends or you fall on your knee and your end so", "fwdJekVJRou-00431-00463984-00464735": "you need to stop to be able to stop the movement it's also for the ladies it is really going", "fwdJekVJRou-00432-00464735-00466168": "through the plie to end this plie is for of utmost importance to finish playing force and up plie", "fwdJekVJRou-00433-00466168-00467168": "going down yeah but it is more easy one pump plie and up the plie is your stopping point", "fwdJekVJRou-00434-00467304-00467816": "and move your legs and up yet really going deep to go up", "fwdJekVJRou-00435-00468056-00468872": "it's your stop so i like this i like this really but it's not in the order now no i really want", "fwdJekVJRou-00436-00468872-00469688": "you to see here plie and up not shifting forward because then you hold your for your your speed", "fwdJekVJRou-00437-00469784-00470416": "a big force a big even you can even take him more open than normal but plea", "fwdJekVJRou-00438-00470488-00471112": "and up and not shifting forward because otherwise you fly with your back forward", "fwdJekVJRou-00439-00471168-00471808": "plie and up yes you understand why otherwise you're falling over your feet forward", "fwdJekVJRou-00440-00471896-00472624": "you are too slow with your head in the turn you have to turn your head", "fwdJekVJRou-00441-00472992-00473480": "and turn your head head yeah look look yeah", "fwdJekVJRou-00442-00473760-00474784": "your cheeks cheeks yeah there you go cheeks yeah what's your conclusion from the left left side", "fwdJekVJRou-00443-00474960-00475647": "i have other words that you falling backwards when you're doing the left yes there's another", "fwdJekVJRou-00444-00475647-00476616": "formulation but there that's more that brings something yes okay come how we are going on this", "fwdJekVJRou-00445-00476920-00477184": "okay but you said to me i have", "fwdJekVJRou-00446-00477560-00478296": "okay and what do you want to say stop it okay we have finished income yeah you say to me", "fwdJekVJRou-00447-00478296-00479632": "i'm yeah i have one more exercise okay going from there and one you know it and two and three", "fwdJekVJRou-00448-00479688-00480735": "and four and forward and forwards and forwards and here he is again not shifting now but plie and up", "fwdJekVJRou-00449-00480960-00482120": "yes you're making a big a big force big force and out yeah yeah you're really going forward", "fwdJekVJRou-00450-00482120-00482992": "with your foot but not sliding across the floor now it's really down and up it's your", "fwdJekVJRou-00451-00482992-00483656": "it's your stopping point and otherwise if you have more speed you're falling forward", "fwdJekVJRou-00452-00483776-00484584": "yeah okay one two one two one two there we go the same", "fwdJekVJRou-00453-00486008-00486328": "that's the only thing i want to see okay", "fwdJekVJRou-00454-00486528-00487384": "and the one two three one two three one two three one enjoy it", "fwdJekVJRou-00455-00487647-00488784": "not too big not too high it's it's it's delicate", "fwdJekVJRou-00456-00489400-00489480": "that's enough", "fwdJekVJRou-00457-00489760-00490184": "nice", "fwdJekVJRou-00458-00492160-00492200": "nice", "fwdJekVJRou-00459-00492784-00493160": "one and two and a three and a four", "fwdJekVJRou-00460-00493784-00494384": "no not opening on point", "fwdJekVJRou-00461-00495096-00497184": "yeah very nice yeah okay better not behind you always in front of you", "fwdJekVJRou-00462-00498135-00499104": "and yeah you have so beautiful long arms but they are swinging like the gymnasts and gymnasts", "fwdJekVJRou-00463-00499104-00499968": "no it's holding in front look in the mirror look in the mirror in front of you in front", "fwdJekVJRou-00464-00499968-00500528": "no you're going too much to the side you're going really there and there it's like a", "fwdJekVJRou-00465-00500528-00501592": "modern dancer in the wrong shoes it's here one and there and there look my back is going with", "fwdJekVJRou-00466-00501592-00502384": "my arms it's an eight it's really it's going through the front center yes yeah you feel and", "fwdJekVJRou-00467-00502384-00503112": "you are really going there and there and there that's too much yeah okay it's beautiful but too", "fwdJekVJRou-00468-00503112-00504056": "much for this style okay now we are finishing take your place and then one two three one two three", "fwdJekVJRou-00469-00504928-00505176": "and your face belongs also in the", "fwdJekVJRou-00470-00505176-00505584": "expression", "fwdJekVJRou-00471-00506320-00507016": "move the arms and one two beautiful not that decides", "fwdJekVJRou-00472-00507384-00508360": "thank you very much and even now having point shoes on there is forbidden country yeah okay", "fwdJekVJRou-00473-00508360-00509447": "wow thank you well done thank you paul it was quite a complicated class huh thank you thank you", "fwdJekVJRou-00474-00509447-00511184": "at home i hope you enjoyed it i hope you can do it i hope you exercises and seeing you next week"}}, {"audio_id": "fwdMH-oeZac", "text": {"fwdMH-oeZac-00000-00000208-00000976": "all right so now let's see how we can load uh cyanide structured data so like json data", "fwdMH-oeZac-00001-00000976-00001832": "uh into python so again a json data stand stands for the javascript object notation", "fwdMH-oeZac-00002-00001920-00002808": "and it is a current noun one of the most common date format that people share data over the", "fwdMH-oeZac-00003-00002808-00003632": "internet so for example in the past people probably um share the data in the csv format", "fwdMH-oeZac-00004-00003744-00004448": "and right now people and people share that in the json format okay because json format is text", "fwdMH-oeZac-00005-00004504-00005224": "format and it can be easily sent and from a server and also use a date format that can", "fwdMH-oeZac-00006-00005224-00006000": "be used by any programming language so this is a piece of the json data and if you remember", "fwdMH-oeZac-00007-00006000-00006536": "that from our python previous class you will understand okay so that is actually dictionary", "fwdMH-oeZac-00008-00006664-00007328": "okay and if you remember that uh in the python class i said that when you load json data into", "fwdMH-oeZac-00009-00007328-00008088": "python you treat that json data as a dictionary so the format is key value key value pairs", "fwdMH-oeZac-00010-00008159-00008928": "the value can be a number a string also another nested document on another nested", "fwdMH-oeZac-00011-00008992-00009632": "key value pairs and also can be list etc so everything is in this curly bracket", "fwdMH-oeZac-00012-00009792-00010288": "okay so here i just want to give you some examples of the json data", "fwdMH-oeZac-00013-00010288-00010936": "that from the real world so if you click those urls you can see that even sensors", "fwdMH-oeZac-00014-00011024-00011408": "now are providing data in the json format so they provide data in the", "fwdMH-oeZac-00015-00011616-00012240": "data.html so that is the structured format and also they also provide it in the json format", "fwdMH-oeZac-00016-00012336-00013024": "okay so this is a website you can see they provide apis so that is application programming", "fwdMH-oeZac-00017-00013024-00013672": "interface so that means you can use their apis in different programming language including python", "fwdMH-oeZac-00018-00013672-00014352": "to access the sensors data so if you check the data in the html format so normally", "fwdMH-oeZac-00019-00014416-00015096": "those are the all the ways that we're uh providing data or sharing the data so that is in the", "fwdMH-oeZac-00020-00015176-00015847": "columns and also rows so that is kind of the structured format and if you look at the data in", "fwdMH-oeZac-00021-00015847-00016656": "dot json so that you can see all the data now in this json format so now this json is very popular", "fwdMH-oeZac-00022-00016656-00017456": "date format it is cymas structured and we will start to dealing a lot of data in the json format", "fwdMH-oeZac-00023-00017552-00018376": "okay so how can we load data into json format well you can load data directly from the internet or", "fwdMH-oeZac-00024-00018376-00019080": "you can just use the open function to open the data from your local if that data is in your", "fwdMH-oeZac-00025-00019080-00020008": "local computer however there are several python libraries that can help us to understand the json", "fwdMH-oeZac-00026-00020008-00020824": "format so the first is called p print the p print can print the json format or the dictionaries", "fwdMH-oeZac-00027-00020824-00021456": "in a way that with indentations so that we can see the structure of the json data easier", "fwdMH-oeZac-00028-00021592-00022248": "the second one is the json library so that can load data into the the format that python is", "fwdMH-oeZac-00029-00022248-00023120": "able to analyze so we can use open function to load the json file and we can use the json.load", "fwdMH-oeZac-00030-00023120-00023776": "functions which is from the json library to convert the loaded file into a dictionary", "fwdMH-oeZac-00031-00023776-00024504": "structure and after that you can just simply treat all the json data into a dictionary as dictionary", "fwdMH-oeZac-00032-00024648-00025296": "and we can use the preprint to print the uh the data in a nice format to understand the", "fwdMH-oeZac-00033-00025296-00026272": "data easier again i do wish you i do wish you can remember this um so once the data is loaded", "fwdMH-oeZac-00034-00026368-00027024": "json date is loaded into python just treat it as a dictionary so treat it as dictionaries", "fwdMH-oeZac-00035-00027160-00027888": "all right so let's see some examples so remember that we just um we have sorry we have this json", "fwdMH-oeZac-00036-00027888-00028495": "data so that's a very simple json data and we uploaded this json data into our instance", "fwdMH-oeZac-00037-00028495-00029120": "so that is demo.json and they're in the same folder so now let's say we're going to", "fwdMH-oeZac-00038-00029208-00030152": "load the json data so first let's import the json python library and also from the p print", "fwdMH-oeZac-00039-00030568-00031408": "let's also import the p print so p print is and function that inside of this p print module so", "fwdMH-oeZac-00040-00031408-00032080": "let's import those two python libraries so by default and they are already installed on", "fwdMH-oeZac-00041-00032080-00032736": "this notebook instance let's also still use waste remember that we always use waste as", "fwdMH-oeZac-00042-00032792-00033448": "combined with open function to open any files on that into python so we open", "fwdMH-oeZac-00043-00033600-00034552": "and here we type the file name which is demo.json remember again do not forget the extension comma", "fwdMH-oeZac-00044-00034648-00035288": "and the mode still we're using the reading mode read only mode as json fell", "fwdMH-oeZac-00045-00035496-00036584": "and next let's say json dictionary e cos now we are going to use this json module so json dot", "fwdMH-oeZac-00046-00036664-00037504": "load command a function to load this json file into a dictionary so json and skull", "fwdMH-oeZac-00047-00037600-00038680": "file okay so now let's print the json dictionary first okay so now you can see you just loaded the", "fwdMH-oeZac-00048-00038680-00039616": "json dictionary so now let's try to use a p print okay so p print so here hopefully you can see the", "fwdMH-oeZac-00049-00039736-00040224": "the advantage of using key print so by using p print we are able to see the", "fwdMH-oeZac-00050-00040448-00041040": "format easier so now if you want get the url remember treat that as a dictionary so we can", "fwdMH-oeZac-00051-00041120-00041232": "call the id", "fwdMH-oeZac-00052-00041552-00042728": "calls idt okay so we will have the value of the id all right so that is how we can load the json data", "fwdMH-oeZac-00053-00042728-00043504": "so once json data is loaded treat it as dictionary okay next let's see how we can read data from the", "fwdMH-oeZac-00054-00043504-00044248": "website so this means something fancy and actually it's it's not that complicated so because in", "fwdMH-oeZac-00055-00044248-00045152": "python we have a lot of libraries that can make those requests easier so basically so instead of", "fwdMH-oeZac-00056-00045152-00045728": "you see using browser to open the web pages so we can use some python libraries", "fwdMH-oeZac-00057-00045784-00046512": "to make those requests for us so one person library that is commonly used is called url", "fwdMH-oeZac-00058-00046512-00047312": "library it has a request function that can make a very simple http request to a website", "fwdMH-oeZac-00059-00047392-00048368": "and it all returns html content okay so we will dive deep into this part in the data mining class", "fwdMH-oeZac-00060-00048568-00049184": "so so request dot url opens that's actually the function that can open network object", "fwdMH-oeZac-00061-00049336-00050224": "by following the url that provided and this object has a read method which is similar to the text", "fwdMH-oeZac-00062-00050224-00051056": "object so that can load the retained contents into python okay so this may sound very fancy", "fwdMH-oeZac-00063-00051056-00052136": "and just let's just look at some examples okay so let's say we import url url ib python library and", "fwdMH-oeZac-00064-00052136-00052864": "because we are only interested in the request module so let's just import your llib.request", "fwdMH-oeZac-00065-00053024-00053576": "and you can see by default this python library has been installed now let's define the url so", "fwdMH-oeZac-00066-00053576-00054184": "let's see we we're going to request from our gmu website so http colon slash slash", "fwdMH-oeZac-00067-00054408-00055152": "okay so let's say we want get the main page from our jmu website so let's say our response", "fwdMH-oeZac-00068-00055384-00055440": "ecos", "fwdMH-oeZac-00069-00055688-00056184": "dot we are using the url open", "fwdMH-oeZac-00070-00056344-00057296": "okay so we are going to use this request.urlopen function to open this url and the content", "fwdMH-oeZac-00071-00057528-00058240": "will be the response dot read okay so this is a similar to the", "fwdMH-oeZac-00072-00058304-00059040": "um to load open the file and also fair object dot read and now let's print the web content", "fwdMH-oeZac-00073-00059448-00060136": "okay and now we can see this is retained the html code", "fwdMH-oeZac-00074-00060136-00060952": "and that is in a binary format so if we want to view that one in the plain text we can decode", "fwdMH-oeZac-00075-00061064-00062320": "that in the utf format utf-8 okay so this you can see the source code of the gma website so you may", "fwdMH-oeZac-00076-00062320-00063184": "wonder okay this does not look like the code that we are looking at on gmu so uh if we go to gmu", "fwdMH-oeZac-00077-00063312-00064079": "okay so that is a website the main page and if you right click and then view the source code okay so", "fwdMH-oeZac-00078-00064079-00064688": "that is a real source code that is html code and you can see that is exactly what we have here", "fwdMH-oeZac-00079-00064888-00065616": "okay so that's how we can load html code from website so again we will come back to this part in", "fwdMH-oeZac-00080-00065616-00066392": "more details uh in the data mining class okay so that's all for this lecture i know today's lecture", "fwdMH-oeZac-00081-00066392-00067216": "we covered a lot again you don't need to remember everything so just try to understand all the code", "fwdMH-oeZac-00082-00067216-00067912": "that in this lecture so we will cover this part later uh this semester and also later in the data", "fwdMH-oeZac-00083-00067912-00068784": "mining class so here i just want to spend a few minutes that to explain something about our um", "fwdMH-oeZac-00084-00068960-00069536": "lab so the lab that we're going to do today so first we're going to download the sensors data", "fwdMH-oeZac-00085-00069536-00070216": "by using the sensors api into python so before this lab you need to go to this website and", "fwdMH-oeZac-00086-00070216-00071016": "request your api key it is like a secret so that you can tell sensors that you want get data", "fwdMH-oeZac-00087-00071104-00071720": "and you can check this website and for more details about how we can get data into json format", "fwdMH-oeZac-00088-00071824-00072584": "and also you can send more about those variables okay and when we are making api keys", "fwdMH-oeZac-00089-00072584-00073504": "essentially we are calling this url so this url is a python api and not not only for peso so where", "fwdMH-oeZac-00090-00073632-00074264": "you have to give the variable name okay so that is which variable you're looking", "fwdMH-oeZac-00091-00074264-00074680": "for so in our case we are looking for the population and also male population", "fwdMH-oeZac-00092-00074840-00075376": "for each area so in the in our lab we want the area in virginia", "fwdMH-oeZac-00093-00075472-00076048": "and also here you need you also need to provide your keys so that is where you get this one", "fwdMH-oeZac-00094-00076104-00076816": "from that website so those are two examples so here you can see we're looking for the 2018", "fwdMH-oeZac-00095-00076880-00077680": "acs data uh we won't to have other names for our state okay so the return result will be in", "fwdMH-oeZac-00096-00077680-00078576": "a json format and next we want this variable so i believe this is the talking about population and", "fwdMH-oeZac-00097-00078576-00079360": "also we want all the counties of the population data and also name of those counties in the state", "fwdMH-oeZac-00098-00079440-00080424": "where the code equals 51 so 51 is virginia okay so that's the api okay so here are the website that", "fwdMH-oeZac-00099-00080424-00080976": "i just mentioned so this is the website you need to request your key to provide your organization", "fwdMH-oeZac-00100-00080976-00081736": "name so for in our case we can just use jmu your email and also you have agree with the term of the", "fwdMH-oeZac-00101-00081736-00082496": "service so this data that we are looking at okay so they have the we're looking at 2018 data set", "fwdMH-oeZac-00102-00082696-00083472": "and those are the variables so as i said this b zero zero zero zero one n square zero zero y e", "fwdMH-oeZac-00103-00083472-00084120": "is a total estimated population so this can help you uh understand what variables", "fwdMH-oeZac-00104-00084120-00084488": "we are going to use and this variable is for the male population", "fwdMH-oeZac-00105-00084688-00085328": "and if you remember this url so that is we get all the names the names for all the state and", "fwdMH-oeZac-00106-00085328-00085928": "you can see if you look at the raw data so it's in a list and that is also considered in the", "fwdMH-oeZac-00107-00085928-00086616": "json format right now i'm looking at this result in firefox so firefox has a", "fwdMH-oeZac-00108-00086616-00087144": "very nice feature that can help you to pass the json data so you can see the first date", "fwdMH-oeZac-00109-00087240-00087896": "the second state okay and also here you can see for virginia the state number is 51.", "fwdMH-oeZac-00110-00088088-00088704": "and finally so for this request here you can say i'm looking for this one that is total population", "fwdMH-oeZac-00111-00088808-00089560": "and also name for all the counties in state that it costs 51 so that will virginia so here we have", "fwdMH-oeZac-00112-00089560-00090496": "all the counties in virginia that the county number and also the estimated population", "fwdMH-oeZac-00113-00090784-00091456": "is that right oh sorry uh this is the estimated public the first one is s yes so", "fwdMH-oeZac-00114-00091528-00092232": "this one so this is estimate population and the second one is the name the third one is a", "fwdMH-oeZac-00115-00092232-00092816": "state number so that's why they are all 51 and also the third one the four the", "fwdMH-oeZac-00116-00092816-00093640": "last one is the county number okay so that is the return result by calling this api"}}, {"audio_id": "fw99Zj9gATE", "text": {"fw99Zj9gATE-00000-00003902-00004602": "A0 : A1 = 2 : 1", "fw99Zj9gATE-00001-00005302-00005802": "A0 : D1 : A1 = 4 : 3 : 2", "fw99Zj9gATE-00002-00007472-00007971": "D1 : A1 : D2 = 1/2 : 1/3 : 1/4", "fw99Zj9gATE-00003-00009171-00009671": "A0 : E1 : A1 = 1/2 : 1/3 : 1/4", "fw99Zj9gATE-00004-00010687-00011185": "D1 : G1 : D2 = 4 : 3 : 2", "fw99Zj9gATE-00005-00012093-00012592": "A0 : Cis1(-) : E1 = 1/4 : 1/5 : 1/6", "fw99Zj9gATE-00006-00013737-00014237": "G1 : B1(+) : D2 = 6 : 5 : 4", "fw99Zj9gATE-00007-00014900-00015400": "A0 : H0 : Cis1(-) = 1/8 : 1/9 : 1/10", "fw99Zj9gATE-00008-00016140-00016640": "B1 (+): C2 : D2 = 10 : 9 : 8", "fw99Zj9gATE-00009-00017279-00017779": "D1 : Fis1(-) : A1 = 1/4 : 1/5 : 1/6", "fw99Zj9gATE-00010-00018696-00019196": "D1 : F1(+) : A1 = 6 : 5 : 4", "fw99Zj9gATE-00011-00020112-00020612": "D1 : E1(-) : Fis1(-) = 10 : 9 : 8", "fw99Zj9gATE-00012-00021090-00021590": "F1(+) : G1(+) : A1 = 1/8 : 1/9 : 1/10", "fw99Zj9gATE-00013-00022255-00022755": "A0 : H0(-) : Cis1(-) = 10 : 9 : 8", "fw99Zj9gATE-00014-00023393-00023892": "B1(+) : C2(+) : D2 = 1/8 : 1/9 : 1/10", "fw99Zj9gATE-00015-00024458-00024991": "A0 : C1(+) : E1 = 6 : 5 : 4", "fw99Zj9gATE-00016-00025325-00025825": "G1 : H1(-) : D1 = 1/4 : 1/5 : 1/6", "fw99Zj9gATE-00017-00027620-00028120": "B0(+) : D1 : F1(+) = 1/4 : 1/5 : 1/6", "fw99Zj9gATE-00018-00028699-00029199": "Fis1(-) : A1 : Cis2(-) = 6 : 5 : 4", "fw99Zj9gATE-00019-00031100-00031600": "C1 : E1(-) : G1 = 1/4 : 1/5 : 1/6", "fw99Zj9gATE-00020-00032027-00032526": "E1 : G1(+) : H1 = 6 : 5 : 4", "fw99Zj9gATE-00021-00033158-00033661": "E1 : Gis1(-) : H1 = 1/4 : 1/5 : 1/6", "fw99Zj9gATE-00022-00034433-00034933": "C1 : Es1(+) : G1 = 6 : 5 : 4"}}, {"audio_id": "fwUzNfg2-9o", "text": {"fwUzNfg2-9o-00000-00000000-00000050": "Ethiopian: ሙሽሮቹ ደምቀዋል - ሰርግ በጅማ ከተማ ሙሽሮች ድምቅ የሚሉባት - ኢትዮጵያዊነት ውበት ነው - Ethiopian Wedding Zoom Photography Jimma"}}, {"audio_id": "fx0BG5XlsNE", "text": {"fx0BG5XlsNE-00000-00000159-00000378": "Man 1: Punch my sister again, you're dead!", "fx0BG5XlsNE-00001-00000400-00000600": "Man 2: I promise I won't do it again..."}}, {"audio_id": "fx3r2Q_nJNu", "text": {"fx3r2Q_nJNu-00000-00000017-00000637": "Ibises all have long, downcurved bills, and usually feed as a group, probing mud for food", "fx3r2Q_nJNu-00001-00000637-00000955": "items, usually crustaceans.", "fx3r2Q_nJNu-00002-00000955-00001384": "They are monogamous and highly territorial while nesting and feeding.", "fx3r2Q_nJNu-00003-00001384-00001784": "Most nest in trees, often with spoonbills or herons.", "fx3r2Q_nJNu-00004-00001784-00002381": "All extant species are capable of flight, but two extinct genera were flightless, namely", "fx3r2Q_nJNu-00005-00002381-00002916": "the kiwi-like Apteribis in the Hawaiian Islands, and the peculiar Xenicibis in Jamaica."}}, {"audio_id": "fxte6QAsZBU", "text": {"fxte6QAsZBU-00000-00000138-00001050": "In this short video, I'll show you how to add your student art portfolio into Omeka so once you've set up your Omeka account logged into the system, you will see your dashboard displayed.", "fxte6QAsZBU-00001-00001311-00002028": "From here you'll need to create your portfolio, and this is referred to as a collection in Omeka so you're going to click collections on the left-hand side.", "fxte6QAsZBU-00002-00002109-00002835": "you're going to click the green add a collection button and then we're going to enter some information into these fields, so in the first creator field.", "fxte6QAsZBU-00003-00002871-00003402": "we're going to enter your self-identification so are you an artist, a designer an art historian.", "fxte6QAsZBU-00004-00003440-00004575": "we're going to follow that by a colon and then your first and last name and we want this all formatted in bold so we're going to click the use HTML button we're going to select bold and then we're going to enter our information.", "fxte6QAsZBU-00005-00005031-00006495": "Next, we're going to assign a title to our portfolio again we're going to want to use the use HTML checkbox because this information is going to be put into italics and it's going to be your first and last name, followed by portfolio so, for example.", "fxte6QAsZBU-00006-00006720-00006809": "john smith's.", "fxte6QAsZBU-00007-00006920-00006993": "portfolio.", "fxte6QAsZBU-00008-00007251-00008400": "Next, we're going to add in your artist statement into the description field so we're going to start with the header statement and then after that, you will add your artist statement here.", "fxte6QAsZBU-00009-00009198-00010092": "Next we're going to add information into the mediator field, this is where we're going to put the name of your course instructor so we'll start with Professor.", "fxte6QAsZBU-00010-00010233-00010611": "followed by a colon and then the first and last name of your Professor.", "fxte6QAsZBU-00011-00011415-00013113": "Next, we're going to add in course information under the is part of field, we can grab the course information from here copy the text and paste it we're going to add in some rights information, again, the text is available to you here you're just going to copy and paste it.", "fxte6QAsZBU-00012-00013469-00014013": "In the date field, we're going to add the Semester in year so, for example, fall 2021.", "fxte6QAsZBU-00013-00014094-00015471": "And the source field will remain empty, so you don't need to add anything into that once you've added all those fields and completed them we're going to make sure that public and feature remains unchecked, and then we're going to hit that green add collection button.", "fxte6QAsZBU-00014-00015621-00015906": "And you can see your collection has now been added into a Omeka."}}, {"audio_id": "fy4hjWvTfKI", "text": {"fy4hjWvTfKI-00000-00000390-00000573": "Once upon a time...", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00001-00000573-00001073": "There was a king.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00002-00001073-00001700": "His kingdom was big, and he ruled upon it with great strength and justice.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00003-00001700-00001902": "So that all his people loved him.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00004-00001902-00002469": "But what he loved the most were his three daughters.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00005-00002469-00002619": "The princesses.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00006-00002619-00003202": "And one day, the king felt that death was imminent.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00007-00003202-00003957": "So he decided to sit down and divide his kingdom in three perfectly equal parts.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00008-00003957-00004739": "Then he wrote a testament, made copies of it, and handed one copy to each one of his", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00009-00004739-00004839": "daughters.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00010-00004839-00005737": "He kept one copy for himself, and then the four of them, they went to the notary office.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00011-00005737-00006497": "And once the notary has put his seal on each of the copies, the king felt relieved.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00012-00006497-00007183": "He knew that he could spend the rest of his days in peace, because if at any moment after", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00013-00007183-00008061": "his death someone tried to forge a false testament, trying to change his will, the notary would", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00014-00008061-00008457": "grant the authenticity of the first original copy.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00015-00008457-00008786": "The one that he wrote.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00016-00008786-00008975": "But these days didn't last long.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00017-00008975-00009920": "Because not much time later, he received an anonymous message, saying that the notary", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00018-00009920-00010400": "and his youngest daughter were conspiring.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00019-00010400-00010611": "Because they were in love.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00020-00010611-00011153": "They wanted to forge a New Testament that would give all the lands to her.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00021-00011153-00011597": "Stealing them from her sisters.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00022-00011597-00012503": "And the notary would grant that this fake document would be the original.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00023-00012503-00012823": "The king could have the notary captured.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00024-00012823-00012923": "Tortured.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00025-00012923-00013106": "And killed.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00026-00013106-00013206": "But he didn't do that.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00027-00013206-00013806": "He knew that it would be very difficult to substitute him, and even if he could substitute", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00028-00013806-00014777": "him, how could he know that the loyalty of this new man would be forever?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00029-00014777-00015663": "The king quickly understood that the problem here was the need to trust a single person", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00030-00015663-00016154": "for such a job.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00031-00016154-00016928": "Unable to find a solution, the king published an announcement, promising a huge reward to", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00032-00016928-00017672": "the one who could solve the problem of granting the authenticity of a document, without trusting", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00033-00017672-00017772": "anyone.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00034-00017772-00018602": "He received many engineers, inventors, wizards, alchemists to the castle.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00035-00018602-00019134": "And he discarded each and every one's solution, because they were weak.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00036-00019134-00019681": "Because trust was still a basic block.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00037-00019681-00020598": "Right before the king began losing hope, a young boy introduced himself.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00038-00020598-00021776": "He said that he knew a machine so perfect, so unstoppable, so uncorruptible, that trust", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00039-00021776-00022459": "was not even a problem.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00040-00022459-00022959": "He said that this machine could solve any problem, as far as the problem could be expressed", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00041-00022959-00023327": "in the language of the machine.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00042-00023327-00023754": "Okay, said the king.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00043-00023754-00023856": "So...", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00044-00023856-00024138": "What's the name of the machine?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00045-00024138-00024381": "The young boy said...", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00046-00024381-00024595": "Ethereum.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00047-00024595-00024856": "The king said...", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00048-00024856-00025088": "Ethereum.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00049-00025088-00025314": "You bunch of hipsters!", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00050-00025314-00025414": "(laughter)", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00051-00025414-00025751": "So show me this Ethereum machine, said the king.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00052-00025751-00026007": "I can't, said the boy.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00053-00026007-00026129": "The machine is everywhere.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00054-00026129-00026285": "The machine is nowhere.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00055-00026285-00026518": "Oh my God, said the king.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00056-00026518-00026864": "So tell me how it works.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00057-00026864-00027633": "The young boy took a deep breath, and started talking.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00058-00027633-00028036": "Ladies and gentlemen, bonjour.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00059-00028036-00028723": "My name is Luca Marchesini, and I work at Kuzzle, where I contribute to the construction", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00060-00028723-00029160": "of probably one of the most awesome backends up there.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00061-00029160-00029591": "And I'm here because my team helped me prepare this talk.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00062-00029591-00030212": "And while I was doing my slides and rehearsing, they kept up to pace, providing good code", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00063-00030212-00030314": "to the repository.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00064-00030314-00031119": "And I'm here today to tell you what the young boy said to the king.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00065-00031119-00031494": "I'm here to explain a little bit Ethereum.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00066-00031494-00032179": "And it turns out that the best way to understand Ethereum is as a generalization of BitCoin.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00067-00032179-00032447": "So let's talk about BitCoin.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00068-00032447-00032861": "BitCoin is nothing more than a bank.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00069-00032861-00033424": "And a bank is nothing more than a system that helps us keep track of the states of a set", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00070-00033424-00033719": "of accounts.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00071-00033719-00034133": "And it does so by maintaining a ledger of transactions, which is nothing more than a", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00072-00034133-00034558": "log of transactions.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00073-00034558-00034979": "And the interesting thing here is that, by keeping the log, we can compute the balance", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00074-00034979-00035350": "of each account at any moment in history.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00075-00035350-00035450": "Right?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00076-00035450-00035649": "And BitCoin is exactly the same thing.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00077-00035649-00035873": "It's a ledger.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00078-00035873-00036039": "It maintains a list of transactions.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00079-00036039-00036863": "But the difference is that BitCoin doesn't rely on a single, centralized entity.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00080-00036863-00037319": "It's not one server or one cluster.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00081-00037319-00037763": "It's decentralized and trustless.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00082-00037763-00039006": "BitCoin relies on a network of computers that work together, keeping up the service, without", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00083-00039006-00039227": "trusting each other.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00084-00039227-00039459": "So how could this possibly work?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00085-00039459-00040040": "First, because every piece of information in BitCoin is public.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00086-00040040-00040508": "Every Node that joins the network -- and anyone can do that.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00087-00040508-00040780": "Anyone can join the network.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00088-00040780-00041661": "Every node gets a full copy of the whole ledger, which today is about... 100 gigabytes, I think.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00089-00041661-00041795": "Probably more.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00090-00041795-00042450": "And this allows every node to verify all the information in the ledger.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00091-00042450-00042632": "It's their duty.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00092-00042632-00043121": "Every node has to verify everything.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00093-00043121-00043279": "Transactions are signed.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00094-00043279-00044068": "So nobody can send a transaction to the network on behalf of anyone else.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00095-00044068-00044353": "Because nobody can fake cryptography.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00096-00044353-00044921": "And in addition to this, every transaction must comply to a set of rules.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00097-00044921-00045390": "Which we will call the consensus mechanism of BitCoin.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00098-00045390-00046312": "And if a node tries to submit a transaction to the network and this transaction goes against", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00099-00046312-00046954": "consensus, the transaction is simply rejected.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00100-00046954-00047694": "And in order to synchronize themselves, nodes do not just stack transactions one up on the", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00101-00047694-00047816": "other.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00102-00047816-00048121": "They group them in blocks.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00103-00048121-00048693": "And blocks here behave pretty much like git commits, in the sense that they are linked", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00104-00048693-00048793": "together.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00105-00048793-00049052": "They form a chain.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00106-00049052-00049463": "That's why we say that BitCoin is a Blockchain.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00107-00049463-00050472": "And the way they are linked together is that each block contains in its header the hash", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00108-00050472-00050743": "of the previous block.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00109-00050743-00050952": "And Git works exactly the same.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00110-00050952-00051499": "The only difference is that in Git a commit can reference many parents, and in BitCoin,", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00111-00051499-00052036": "in a Blockchain, every block can reference one and only one parent.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00112-00052036-00052919": "But the interesting thing here is that, by being chained in this way makes the Blockchain", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00113-00052919-00053019": "immutable.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00114-00053019-00053568": "Because if you wanted to alter the content of one block, we would need to reconstitute", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00115-00053568-00053761": "all the subsequent blocks.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00116-00053761-00054174": "Because all the hashes would change.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00117-00054174-00054298": "Right?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00118-00054298-00054574": "And this is theoretically possible.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00119-00054574-00055161": "But in BitCoin, this is extremely expensive.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00120-00055161-00055957": "Because the algorithm artificially makes expensive the process of building a block.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00121-00055957-00056202": "Which we call mining.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00122-00056202-00056852": "So the name of the game here is that playing by the rules is more profitable than cheating.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00123-00056852-00057272": "It's a game theory thing.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00124-00057272-00057636": "So I will not discuss more here about BitCoin.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00125-00057636-00058054": "First, because we just have half an hour, and if you want to talk about Ethereum, we", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00126-00058054-00058329": "just don't have enough time.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00127-00058329-00059199": "And also because many of these concepts are extremely well covered by Andreas Antonopoulos.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00128-00059199-00059749": "Which is the most prominent BitCoin evangelist out there.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00129-00059749-00059979": "And probably the best speaker I've ever seen.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00130-00059979-00060563": "So there is this master class that he gives at the University College in London.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00131-00060563-00061342": "Where he explains the consensus mechanism that underpins BitCoin, in an awesome way.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00132-00061342-00061697": "So if you want to fill the gaps, just go for it.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00133-00061697-00061873": "It's a one and a half-hour video.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00134-00061873-00062120": "Definitely worth the effort.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00135-00062120-00062741": "Did everyone get the QR code?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00136-00062741-00062882": "Okay.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00137-00062882-00063322": "I hope maybe we can put a link in the video for the YouTubers.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00138-00063322-00063991": "So if you're not familiar with the technology behind BitCoin, I ask you to have a little", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00139-00063991-00064091": "bit of faith.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00140-00064091-00064191": "Just stay with me.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00141-00064191-00064380": "BitCoin is actually a thing.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00142-00064380-00064649": "The market gap is just huge.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00143-00064649-00064749": "It's insane.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00144-00064749-00064849": "It's decentralized.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00145-00064849-00064949": "It's trustless.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00146-00064949-00065049": "It's immutable.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00147-00065049-00065187": "It's secure.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00148-00065187-00065420": "And it works.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00149-00065420-00065788": "From now on, let's generalize.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00150-00065788-00065968": "We said that BitCoin is a ledger.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00151-00065968-00066068": "Right?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00152-00066068-00066295": "What's a ledger?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00153-00066295-00066892": "At the end of the day, the ledger is just a state machine, which is a system that provides", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00154-00066892-00067969": "a function that, given a state, and an event, which we call a transaction here, for consistency,", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00155-00067969-00068536": "given these two things, the state transition function allows us to compute the subsequent", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00156-00068536-00068636": "state.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00157-00068636-00068758": "The next state.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00158-00068758-00068873": "And so on.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00159-00068873-00069598": "Every time there's a new transaction, we get a new state.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00160-00069598-00069787": "Right?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00161-00069787-00070323": "And this state transition function in BitCoin is hardcoded.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00162-00070323-00070783": "Whenever you run a node, you run a software, and this state transition function, which", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00163-00070783-00071450": "contains all the rules of the consensus mechanism, is hardcoded in the software.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00164-00071450-00071767": "Which is perfectly okay, because BitCoin just has one purpose.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00165-00071767-00071880": "Being a bank.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00166-00071880-00072029": "Nothing more, nothing less.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00167-00072029-00072745": "But what if we could make S programmable?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00168-00072745-00073237": "That's pretty much what Alan Turing did, when he invented...", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00169-00073237-00073400": "Guess what?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00170-00073400-00073500": "Computers.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00171-00073500-00074238": "Well, we would get Ethereum, which defines itself as a Turing-complete virtual machine", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00172-00074238-00075095": "running on a decentralized distributed trustless network.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00173-00075095-00075527": "In Ethereum, what would persist -- it's the list of transactions.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00174-00075527-00075792": "We would persist them in the Blockchain.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00175-00075792-00076223": "And we keep the latest states in memory.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00176-00076223-00076386": "In the fashion that...", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00177-00076386-00077030": "In order to change the state, we have to submit the transaction.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00178-00077030-00077424": "There's no other way to change the state.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00179-00077424-00077872": "And every transaction is persistent.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00180-00077872-00078169": "So let's go back to the problem of the king.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00181-00078169-00078319": "The notary problem.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00182-00078319-00078633": "Do you remember the problem?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00183-00078633-00078733": "Yes.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00184-00078733-00078848": "You do remember.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00185-00078848-00078948": "Okay.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00186-00078948-00079314": "Let's take a look at this piece of code that I just got on GitHub.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00187-00079314-00079438": "There's many of them.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00188-00079438-00079942": "Credits on the bottom right corner.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00189-00079942-00080227": "The core thing here is this function.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00190-00080227-00080327": "Register proof.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00191-00080327-00080819": "That the king may call, providing the hash of the testament.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00192-00080819-00080922": "Right?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00193-00080922-00082004": "And this hash would be used as the key for an associative array.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00194-00082004-00082686": "That would be associated to a metadata structure containing the address of the king.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00195-00082686-00083220": "MSG.sender contains the address of the account that called the method.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00196-00083220-00083392": "The now timestamp.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00197-00083392-00083798": "And a comment that the king may have passed to the function.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00198-00083798-00084429": "So we create the new entry to this associative array.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00199-00084429-00084804": "Of course, before we checked that the entry doesn't exist yet.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00200-00084804-00085276": "And here is where we declared the metadata structure.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00201-00085276-00085537": "And everything is wrapped in a class.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00202-00085537-00086011": "In a very object-oriented fashion.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00203-00086011-00086152": "But instead, we don't call it a class.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00204-00086152-00086389": "We call it a contract.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00205-00086389-00086601": "And that's the way...", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00206-00086601-00086948": "That's the vocabulary of solidity.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00207-00086948-00087733": "Which is the high level, strongly typed, object-oriented language that compiles to byte-code, that", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00208-00087733-00088129": "the Ethereum virtual machine can understand.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00209-00088129-00088248": "Awesome.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00210-00088248-00088538": "So we have a bit of code.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00211-00088538-00088711": "What do we do now?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00212-00088711-00089229": "Well, just the classic things that we do when we write code.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00213-00089229-00089711": "We compile it, we load it in memory, and then we execute it.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00214-00089711-00089860": "Just like on a computer.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00215-00089860-00090156": "Let's see how it works in Ethereum.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00216-00090156-00090282": "Okay.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00217-00090282-00090382": "Not very exciting.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00218-00090382-00090573": "This is just a compilation step.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00219-00090573-00090673": "Works as using.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00220-00090673-00090773": "You have a compiler.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00221-00090773-00090873": "It's called Solc.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00222-00090873-00091487": "And it generates bytecode that we want to load in memory.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00223-00091487-00091956": "And loading things in memory boils down to changing the state of this memory.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00224-00091956-00092399": "And we said that to change the state, we need to submit a transaction.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00225-00092399-00092706": "That's exactly what we do.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00226-00092706-00092929": "We take the bytecode.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00227-00092929-00093139": "We create the transaction that wraps it.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00228-00093139-00093533": "Of course, we have a full toolchain to do that.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00229-00093533-00094197": "And when we send the transaction to the network, and the transaction is approved by the network,", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00230-00094197-00094480": "we get an address.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00231-00094480-00094798": "For the bytecode that we just deployed.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00232-00094798-00095173": "Just like when we load the program in memory, we get an address in memory.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00233-00095173-00095681": "So that we can tell the processor: Hey, read at that address.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00234-00095681-00095843": "Take n bytes.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00235-00095843-00096045": "Treat these bytes as instructions.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00236-00096045-00096445": "And execute them.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00237-00096445-00096706": "And to do that, we do the same thing.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00238-00096706-00096991": "We create a transaction.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00239-00096991-00097632": "Containing the address that we just got the name of the method that we want to execute", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00240-00097632-00098216": "on the contract, and the arguments.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00241-00098216-00098581": "Okay?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00242-00098581-00098883": "And what happens here is exactly what we just said before.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00243-00098883-00099504": "Nodes in the network receive the transaction, and they have to run this state transition", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00244-00099504-00100039": "function against the transaction, in order to compute the new state.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00245-00100039-00100518": "But our transaction is a method call.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00246-00100518-00101437": "So all the nodes that receive the transaction, in order to validate it, they have to run", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00247-00101437-00101676": "our code.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00248-00101676-00102319": "Which leads us to say that in Ethereum, nodes do not share the computational load.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00249-00102319-00102419": "Like on on a cluster.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00250-00102419-00102626": "Ethereum is not a cluster.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00251-00102626-00102927": "Ethereum runs in a trustless environment.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00252-00102927-00103158": "So that nodes do not share the computation.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00253-00103158-00103355": "They replicate it.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00254-00103355-00103870": "Because they have to verify that every other node said the truth.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00255-00103870-00104142": "And performance here is not the aim.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00256-00104142-00104335": "Security is the aim.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00257-00104335-00104973": "In addition to this, for a transaction to happen, it must be included in a block.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00258-00104973-00105433": "And we said that building a block is expensive, in terms of computation, in terms of energy,", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00259-00105433-00105674": "and in terms of time.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00260-00105674-00106220": "In Ethereum, building a block and having the block accepted by the network takes on average", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00261-00106220-00106503": "17.5 seconds.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00262-00106503-00106680": "Which is not fast.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00263-00106680-00107202": "You don't want to deploy on Ethereum an image-processing task.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00264-00107202-00107425": "Awesome.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00265-00107425-00107689": "We deployed a small piece of code.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00266-00107689-00107845": "So how do we interact with it?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00267-00107845-00108354": "How do we let over people, non-nerd people, we don't want to send emails saying...", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00268-00108354-00108510": "This is the address.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00269-00108510-00108644": "Build a transaction.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00270-00108644-00108873": "We need a UI.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00271-00108873-00109964": "And this UI, just like classical client server protocol, needs to communicate with the backend.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00272-00109964-00110271": "But the backend here is the Blockchain.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00273-00110271-00110519": "How do we make this possible?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00274-00110519-00110619": "It's extremely easy.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00275-00110619-00111576": "The Ethereum core developer network provides a set of libraries, and I picked the web3.js,", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00276-00111576-00111927": "which is the JavaScript library that I'm familiar with.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00277-00111927-00112928": "And it just provides all the APIs that enables any layer to communicate with the Blockchain.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00278-00112928-00113074": "And we just made a DApp.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00279-00113074-00113548": "Where the D stands for decentralized.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00280-00113548-00113838": "Let's go back to the contract now.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00281-00113838-00113968": "Does this make sense to everybody?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00282-00113968-00114334": "I hope so.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00283-00114334-00114866": "We can dive a little bit more on what happens with contracts.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00284-00114866-00115179": "This is the notary contract, once again.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00285-00115179-00115775": "And it inherits from another class, called owned.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00286-00115775-00115950": "Why is that?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00287-00115950-00116234": "Let's take a look at owned.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00288-00116234-00116467": "It has a public member.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00289-00116467-00116788": "Called Owner(), which is an address.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00290-00116788-00117428": "And Owner() contains the address of the account that called the constructor.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00291-00117428-00117995": "msg.sender is that address.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00292-00117995-00118869": "And this is reliable information, because msg.sender is an environment variable provided", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00293-00118869-00119655": "by the Ethereum virtual machine, that reads the address of the sender of the transaction,", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00294-00119655-00119802": "which is signed.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00295-00119802-00120148": "So it's reliable.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00296-00120148-00120778": "And passes through the msg.sender to make it available for the code.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00297-00120778-00121497": "And in this concrete case, the constructor is automatically called by the transaction", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00298-00121497-00121853": "that deploys the contract.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00299-00121853-00122781": "So deploying a contract means actually creating an instance of this class that we just declared.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00300-00122781-00123155": "So that we can deploy many times the same contract.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00301-00123155-00123574": "Because we are actually deploying instances of the contract.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00302-00123574-00124236": "So here the owner of the contract is the account that deployed the contract.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00303-00124236-00124581": "Why do we want to do that?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00304-00124581-00125223": "Because we want to restrict some execution of some methods to the owner only.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00305-00125223-00125409": "And we do that by declaring a modifier.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00306-00125409-00126077": "A modifier is just like a function that wraps another function.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00307-00126077-00126332": "Like...", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00308-00126332-00127248": "And we add an instruction, a check, that throws if the sender is not the owner.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00309-00127248-00127725": "And then if everything is okay, we excuse the rest of the function code.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00310-00127725-00128090": "Which is represented by this place holder here.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00311-00128090-00128429": "So let's see this modifier applied somewhere.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00312-00128429-00128869": "This is another contract, called Mortal.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00313-00128869-00129200": "That inherits from Owner.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00314-00129200-00129631": "So it inherits all the modifiers as well.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00315-00129631-00130374": "And here we apply the modifier on the owner to the function kill(), so that the self-destruct", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00316-00130374-00131133": "function is executed only if the owner has called the kill() method.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00317-00131133-00131588": "Did I say self-destruct?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00318-00131588-00132141": "What's the point of self-destructing a contract?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00319-00132141-00132509": "This is because, in Ethereum, we are pretty different.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00320-00132509-00133039": "It's a pretty different environment than a Linux box.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00321-00133039-00133686": "Contracts that we may think about as processes in a Linux box...", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00322-00133686-00134064": "They are meant to be autonomous entities.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00323-00134064-00134730": "When you deploy a contract, it's not yours, unless you tell it so.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00324-00134730-00135158": "The Ethereum virtual machine will not try to stop anything.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00325-00135158-00135890": "The Ethereum virtual machine will not provide signals or kill comments to stop contracts.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00326-00135890-00136161": "They are meant to run forever.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00327-00136161-00136606": "And the Ethereum virtual machine is something you just...", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00328-00136606-00136759": "You can't stop it.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00329-00136759-00137041": "There's no on/off switch button.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00330-00137041-00137153": "It's a network.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00331-00137153-00137937": "So you have to force everybody that participates in the network to shut down their computer.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00332-00137937-00138174": "Which is not easy.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00333-00138174-00138890": "So unless we tell them so, contracts are gonna run forever.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00334-00138890-00139552": "So what happens here, when we self-destruct a contract, is that we send a new transaction", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00335-00139552-00139956": "that unloads what we previously loaded.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00336-00139956-00140155": "It undeploys the contract.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00337-00140155-00140787": "So that when we call our address, the machine throws an exception.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00338-00140787-00141329": "And the other funny thing that happens is that all the money that the contract owned", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00339-00141329-00142117": "is sent to that address, that we pass as an argument to the self-destruct function.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00340-00142117-00142294": "Whoa, whoa, whoa.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00341-00142294-00142590": "Did I just say money?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00342-00142590-00142799": "Did I just say funds?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00343-00142799-00142936": "Yes, I did.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00344-00142936-00143251": "In Ethereum, we have a cryptocurrency, just like BitCoin.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00345-00143251-00143433": "It's exactly the same.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00346-00143433-00143776": "Except it's called ether, not BitCoin.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00347-00143776-00144510": "And the funny thing here is that contracts can own money.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00348-00144510-00144659": "Just like humans.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00349-00144659-00145497": "In Ethereum, contracts are really first class citizens, just like us.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00350-00145497-00146163": "Now, let's check this function that we previously ignored in the notary contract.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00351-00146163-00146651": "You can see it inherits from Owned and Mortal.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00352-00146651-00146997": "But there's this piece of code that we didn't take into account before.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00353-00146997-00147603": "It's an anonymous function that every contract can implement.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00354-00147603-00147898": "And we call it the fallback function.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00355-00147898-00148529": "Because it's a fallback, when someone tries to call a method that doesn't exist.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00356-00148529-00148884": "On the contract.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00357-00148884-00149736": "And also, it's executed whenever someone sends money to the contract.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00358-00149736-00150051": "So this implementation here...", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00359-00150051-00150246": "It's pretty honest.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00360-00150246-00150665": "Because the notary contract isn't meant to manage any money.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00361-00150665-00151145": "So the author here just makes the function throw.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00362-00151145-00151953": "So that when someone tries to send by mistake some ether to the contract, the function throws,", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00363-00151953-00152312": "and the ether is sent back to the sender.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00364-00152312-00153352": "The exciting thing here is that we are dealing with a system where money and the rules that", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00365-00153352-00154045": "allow money to flow -- they live in the same system.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00366-00154045-00154373": "Which is different from real life.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00367-00154373-00154827": "Let's explain that with a concrete example.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00368-00154827-00155124": "Imagine that the king wants to buy a TV set from a merchant.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00369-00155124-00155772": "He goes to the website, checks the cart out, sends the money, and once the merchant has", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00370-00155772-00156131": "the money, he has the choice.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00371-00156131-00156290": "It's a moral choice.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00372-00156290-00157512": "Either he sends the merchandise to the king, either he runs away with the money.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00373-00157512-00157785": "He goes against the law.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00374-00157785-00158456": "The king can leverage the law, because he can try to get refunded and get his money", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00375-00158456-00159094": "back, but in the meanwhile, the merchant has fled with this money.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00376-00159094-00159373": "This is how real life works.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00377-00159373-00159962": "Imagine that we can put a middleman contract between the two.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00378-00159962-00160707": "When the king checks the order out, he can send the money to the contract, instead to", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00379-00160707-00160980": "send them directly to the merchant.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00380-00160980-00162015": "And then the contract would hold the money in escrow, and notify the merchant that there's", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00381-00162015-00162562": "a payment pending for him.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00382-00162562-00163255": "If the merchant wants his money, he must send the merchandise.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00383-00163255-00163826": "And once the shipping is complete, the king and the shipping company can sign together", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00384-00163826-00164385": "a transaction to notify the contract that the shipping is done.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00385-00164385-00165098": "The contract can then unlock the money and let it available for the merchant to withdraw", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00386-00165098-00165391": "the money.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00387-00165391-00166262": "And everybody is happy.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00388-00166262-00166517": "Our story is close to its end right now.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00389-00166517-00166783": "We are running out of time.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00390-00166783-00167262": "We can see that the king is happy, because he solved this problem.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00391-00167262-00168036": "The notary is sad, because he and all the notaries in the world, they had lost their", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00392-00168036-00168136": "job.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00393-00168136-00168906": "Which is something that always happens whenever we introduce a new disruptive technology.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00394-00168906-00169822": "The other thinkers in the kingdom are now wondering if the humanity will be able to", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00395-00169822-00170729": "deal with such a perfect, unstoppable machine as it gains more and more power.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00396-00170729-00171174": "But the king sleeps like a child.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00397-00171174-00171471": "He's unaware of what's going on.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00398-00171471-00172291": "He doesn't know that somewhere in the suburbs of his kingdom, in a very well hidden garage,", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00399-00172291-00173192": "a group of hackers are trying to code a contract that, once deployed, it will enable for perfectly", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00400-00173192-00173574": "democratic decision taking.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00401-00173574-00173991": "The king doesn't know that the age of monarchy is probably over.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00402-00173991-00174470": "He doesn't know that the age of democracy is probably coming.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00403-00174470-00174769": "But this, ladies and gentlemen, is another story.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00404-00174769-00174903": "Thank you very much.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00405-00174903-00175003": "(applause)", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00406-00175003-00175103": ">> I've lost the speaker!", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00407-00175103-00175271": "Come back, come back, come back!", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00408-00175271-00175371": "You have Q and A to do yet!", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00409-00175371-00175471": "I have a lot of questions.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00410-00175471-00175634": ">> I was running away, you know?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00411-00175634-00175734": ">> Okay.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00412-00175734-00175834": "That was great.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00413-00175834-00176115": "I have lots of questions.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00414-00176115-00176438": "So where should we start?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00415-00176438-00176994": "So in the kingdom-merchant scenario, how do you ensure that the king and the delivery", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00416-00176994-00177308": "guy don't conspire against the merchant?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00417-00177308-00177464": ">> Very good question.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00418-00177464-00177743": "I've asked it myself.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00419-00177743-00178229": "Well, of course, there's the use case that I described -- is pretty simplified.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00420-00178229-00178815": "There's people that actually work on these kinds of things -- have figured out many scenarios.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00421-00178815-00179082": "I'm probably very naive here.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00422-00179082-00179957": "But one thing we could do is that, if the shipping company wants to get paid, they are", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00423-00179957-00180726": "forced to be honest with the king, and properly sign the transaction that the delivery has", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00424-00180726-00180826": "done...", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00425-00180826-00180940": "Has been done well.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00426-00180940-00181607": "So that the contract can unblock the funds for the king sorry, for the merchant and for", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00427-00181607-00181765": "the delivery company.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00428-00181765-00182139": "So if they don't do that, they don't get their money.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00429-00182139-00182239": "Right?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00430-00182239-00182339": ">> Okay.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00431-00182339-00182854": "Another one on the more technical side, I guess.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00432-00182854-00183242": "If you can write any program and anyone can execute it -- if everyone executed it, isn't", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00433-00183242-00183487": "that a very easy way to spread malware.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00434-00183487-00183778": ">> Oh, yes, of course.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00435-00183778-00183878": "You can deploy...", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00436-00183878-00184159": "I never thought about that.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00437-00184159-00184266": "But yeah.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00438-00184266-00184859": "You can deploy malwares on Ethereum.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00439-00184859-00185079": "You can tell people to use that.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00440-00185079-00185235": "We are...", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00441-00185235-00185335": "Entering...", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00442-00185335-00186321": "We are overlapping a little bit with an anarchist realm.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00443-00186321-00186499": "So it's pretty much up to you.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00444-00186499-00186957": "You have to be careful.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00445-00186957-00187209": "There's a lot of hacks in the Ethereum world.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00446-00187209-00187511": "There have been a lot of hacks this year.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00447-00187511-00188872": "There's a lot of companies that claim that they were an online wallet, and instead of", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00448-00188872-00189259": "managing your funds, they just send all your funds to their address.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00449-00189259-00189605": "And this is something they can't revert.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00450-00189605-00190506": "So yes, everybody can't deploy everything, and it's up to each and every one of us to...", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00451-00190506-00190670": "To be aware of what we do.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00452-00190670-00190862": ">> You talked about the hacks.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00453-00190862-00192134": "Obviously, earlier in the year, Parity's wallet was hacked.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00454-00192134-00192497": "How should we, if we're going to use this -- defend ourselves?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00455-00192497-00192617": "So we don't become victims?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00456-00192617-00193065": "That was just a one-line bug, if I remember rightly.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00457-00193065-00193400": ">> I actually previously...", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00458-00193400-00193546": "When I first wrote...", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00459-00193546-00193874": "The first draft of this talk...", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00460-00193874-00194236": "I wanted to talk about the Parity multisignature hack.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00461-00194236-00195352": "Because it's a very good example of how fragile this environment is right now.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00462-00195352-00195770": "Because when you deploy, what happens is that...", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00463-00195770-00196131": "Someone hacked three very rich wallets.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00464-00196131-00196401": "And then everybody can see everything.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00465-00196401-00196769": "So they were seeing that they were being hacked.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00466-00196769-00197641": "And all the other people that used that wallet -- they couldn't do anything.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00467-00197641-00198417": "And what happened is a group of hackers, white hat hackers, they hacked systemically all", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00468-00198417-00199003": "the other wallets and transferred the funds to more secure wallets.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00469-00199003-00199495": "This is because you can't stop contracts on Ethereum.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00470-00199495-00199887": "If you deploy a bug, it's gonna be there.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00471-00199887-00200586": "So updating a contract is kind of an open issue right now, in Ethereum.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00472-00200586-00200884": "There are solutions being proposed.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00473-00200884-00201085": "Which involve the use of libraries.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00474-00201085-00201294": "Which I wanted to discuss, but I couldn't.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00475-00201294-00202510": "But I think that the best way we can protect ourselves from these kinds of flaws is to", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00476-00202510-00202610": "test more.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00477-00202610-00203676": "To enable ourselves to automatically test contracts in a more extensive way.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00478-00203676-00204269": "And we know that object-oriented programming is not the best paradigm to do that.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00479-00204269-00204665": "Functional programming enables for automatically generated tests.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00480-00204665-00205096": "I don't know if you have ever heard of it.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00481-00205096-00205480": "But there's clearly a lack here.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00482-00205480-00206465": "And I believe that the lack will be filled by the toolchain that will improve itself", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00483-00206465-00206592": "more and more.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00484-00206592-00207219": "And bugs will be almost automatically spotted by the toolchain.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00485-00207219-00207383": "I hope so!", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00486-00207383-00207729": ">> I have three more questions linked to this.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00487-00207729-00208294": "One I was wondering was: If the contracts run forever, how do you avoid DDoSing?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00488-00208294-00208602": "Could you not just spawn loads of those contracts?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00489-00208602-00208702": ">> Yes.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00490-00208702-00208923": "This is another thing that I wanted to talk about.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00491-00208923-00209110": "It's okay.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00492-00209110-00209298": "It's perfect.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00493-00209298-00210167": "Actually, to avoid DDoS, and avoid flooding of the network, Ethereum introduces the concept", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00494-00210167-00210334": "of gas.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00495-00210334-00210765": "Which is basically a measure for the computing resources that you're gonna use.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00496-00210765-00211291": "So when you send the transaction that triggers the execution of a method, you have to declare", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00497-00211291-00211464": "two things.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00498-00211464-00211874": "First, how much gas do you want to allocate?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00499-00211874-00211990": "Which means...", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00500-00211990-00212591": "How many instructions are allowed to be cuted by this goal?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00501-00212591-00212979": "So if you execute less, it's okay.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00502-00212979-00213279": "If you execute more, it fails.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00503-00213279-00213989": "And you have to figure out: How much money you want to pay your gas for?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00504-00213989-00214509": "This is important, because if you pay less money for gas, your transaction is going to", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00505-00214509-00215142": "be cheap, but miners will not...", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00506-00215142-00215698": "Are going to be likely to deprioritize your transaction, in favor of more expensive transactions.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00507-00215698-00216079": "So if you pay a lot of money for your transaction, you're gonna be sure that the transaction", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00508-00216079-00216421": "is going to be taken into account quickly.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00509-00216421-00216705": "The thing is that no transaction gets lost.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00510-00216705-00217069": "So at a certain point, every transaction is executed.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00511-00217069-00217582": "But by introducing these gas...", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00512-00217582-00217791": "Concepts...", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00513-00217791-00217977": "You just can't flood the network.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00514-00217977-00218460": "If you want to execute huge pieces of code, it's going to be very expensive for you.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00515-00218460-00218888": "And it's going to be finite, always.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00516-00218888-00219381": ">> You mentioned a moment ago that maybe an object oriented language isn't the best choice", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00517-00219381-00219616": "in some ways for this.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00518-00219616-00219834": "Are there other languages?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00519-00219834-00220066": "This is running on a VM, right?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00520-00220066-00220877": "Could you have an immutable language that you use instead of something that's stateful?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00521-00220877-00221823": ">> Well, Vitali Butarin, which is the inventor of Ethereum, is proposing alternatives to", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00522-00221823-00222025": "solidity.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00523-00222025-00222508": "And there's also this new company that I wanted to talk about, but I couldn't.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00524-00222508-00222631": "Which is called Aeternity.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00525-00222631-00223444": "Which is addressing this problem of using object-oriented languages for very critical", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00526-00223444-00223596": "pieces of code.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00527-00223596-00224885": "And they propose to write smart contracts in a functional, fully functional language.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00528-00224885-00225207": "It's on its early stages.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00529-00225207-00225561": "So I don't really know if they are going to succeed.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00530-00225561-00226057": "But I think this is the good path to go, I think.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00531-00226057-00226157": "This is the safest.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00532-00226157-00226800": "If you want to extensively test your code, it's better to do it in a functional fashion.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00533-00226800-00227283": "Which is more difficult, probably, to code.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00534-00227283-00227611": "And it prevents you from storing state.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00535-00227611-00227865": "I don't know.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00536-00227865-00228000": ">> You would have to see how it evolves.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00537-00228000-00228100": ">> Yeah.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00538-00228100-00228200": "You have to balance the...", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00539-00228200-00228522": "The ins and outs.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00540-00228522-00228622": ">> Two final questions.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00541-00228622-00228842": "Both a bit more practical.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00542-00228842-00229119": "One: How do you debug and test these contracts?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00543-00229119-00229325": "If we wanted to go out and make our own now?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00544-00229325-00230031": ">> Just like in BitCoin, you have an offline Blockchain that you can run on your own laptop.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00545-00230031-00230635": "And then you have a test net that you can use to deploy your contracts, and then let", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00546-00230635-00231231": "your testing team send transactions, and see what happens.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00547-00231231-00231364": "And the test net...", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00548-00231364-00231869": "I think it gets reset every now and then.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00549-00231869-00232377": "And money doesn't mean anything down there, so you can open an account on the test net", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00550-00232377-00232608": "and get as much ether you want.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00551-00232608-00233032": "I'm not sure what I say, but there are means to test it.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00552-00233032-00233394": "But we know that testing it depends on us.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00553-00233394-00233600": "And we are not perfect.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00554-00233600-00234033": ">> And then the final question and probably the most important one: Should we all be going", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00555-00234033-00234280": "out and buying BitCoins?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00556-00234280-00234866": "What do you think about the ICOs?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00557-00234866-00234966": ">> Oh.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00558-00234966-00235331": ">> This doesn't count as investment advice, legally.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00559-00235331-00235460": ">> What do I think about ICOs?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00560-00235460-00235792": ">> Do you want to explain what ICOs are?", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00561-00235792-00236248": ">> Let's just explain what ICOs are.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00562-00236248-00236971": "So in Ethereum, it's trivial to create new cryptocurrencies.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00563-00236971-00237544": "You can find on the Ethereum homepage there's a documentation section.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00564-00237544-00238219": "It's like 20 lines of code that you can deploy, and you have your own cryptocurrency.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00565-00238219-00238667": "You just have to put a name on it, and it's yours.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00566-00238667-00239304": "And then you just have to convince other people that they have to buy it, because it's great.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00567-00239304-00239824": "So ICOs is a practice that...", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00568-00239824-00240873": "It got massively adopted this year as a fundraising method from startups that work on the Blockchain.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00569-00240873-00241492": "And huge amounts of money have been raised, because this company, they issue their own", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00570-00241492-00241715": "cryptotoken.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00571-00241715-00242260": "And this cryptotoken will be used later, when the company will provide services.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00572-00242260-00242894": "It will be used to pay the services.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00573-00242894-00243359": "So investors, they buy tokens for later to use.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00574-00243359-00243591": "And they get the tokens.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00575-00243591-00243821": "They trade them.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00576-00243821-00244200": "And they don't get shares of the company.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00577-00244200-00244365": "The company gets all the money.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00578-00244365-00244946": "And you don't get to be a shareholder.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00579-00244946-00245096": "You just have tokens.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00580-00245096-00245307": "You're just a trader.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00581-00245307-00245996": "So I think it's very complex to express my opinion right now.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00582-00245996-00246406": "I promise that I'll write an article on this.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00583-00246406-00246588": "And I will tweet it.", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00584-00246588-00246889": "But the TL; DR of this article right now...", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00585-00246889-00247117": "The only thing I can say is...", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00586-00247117-00247263": "Hmmm...", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00587-00247263-00247407": "Hmmmm...", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00588-00247407-00247552": "Hmmm...", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00589-00247552-00248421": "(humming Wolf of Wall Street song)", "fy4hjWvTfKI-00590-00248421-00248879": "It's up to you what you want to invest in this kind of things."}}, {"audio_id": "fy6W3yroUiE", "text": {"fy6W3yroUiE-00000-00000608-00001104": "Hello, my name is Dr. Mike McKay and I'm the executive director and a professor with the", "fy6W3yroUiE-00001-00001104-00001440": "Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research at the University of Windsor.", "fy6W3yroUiE-00002-00001440-00001848": "Ice breaking assets of the U.S. Coast Guard are safe and reliable platforms for surveys", "fy6W3yroUiE-00003-00001848-00002344": "and research on ice-covered lakes and coastal seas. Since 2010, we've collaborated with the", "fy6W3yroUiE-00004-00002344-00002736": "command and crew of the U.S. Coast Guard cutter Neah Bay, stationed in Cleveland,", "fy6W3yroUiE-00005-00002736-00003288": "to investigate winter biogeochemistry and the lower food web in Lake Erie. Data contributed", "fy6W3yroUiE-00006-00003288-00003656": "through this initiative have been responsive to the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement,", "fy6W3yroUiE-00007-00003656-00004176": "and have provided new water quality data during a virtually unstudied seasonal period, and will", "fy6W3yroUiE-00008-00004176-00005592": "advance our ability to predict the expanse of cyanobacterial blooms in the subsequent summer."}}, {"audio_id": "fyhR5wDa2Hy", "text": {"fyhR5wDa2Hy-00000-00000062-00000217": "Thank you for watching candlestick trading video", "fyhR5wDa2Hy-00001-00000217-00000539": "Hello sir I asked about your complete course which you", "fyhR5wDa2Hy-00002-00000539-00001120": "have not replied, and you said that better to trade with daily chart rather than 15 min,", "fyhR5wDa2Hy-00003-00001120-00001432": "i want to know how to trade with daily chart.", "fyhR5wDa2Hy-00004-00001432-00001813": "Thanks white black white black", "fyhR5wDa2Hy-00005-00001813-00002201": "this means range do not trade", "fyhR5wDa2Hy-00006-00002201-00002680": "white white black black means up trend", "fyhR5wDa2Hy-00007-00002680-00003080": "buy next bar open", "fyhR5wDa2Hy-00008-00003080-00003560": "black black white white means down trend", "fyhR5wDa2Hy-00009-00003560-00003957": "sell next bar open", "fyhR5wDa2Hy-00010-00003957-00004805": "place stop loss order to double block high take profit next bar close", "fyhR5wDa2Hy-00011-00004805-00005065": "it is very simple this is candlestick complete", "fyhR5wDa2Hy-00012-00005065-00005103": "Thank you"}}, {"audio_id": "fyhUnnnNauA", "text": {"fyhUnnnNauA-00000-00000000-00001788": "\"A Crash Proof Retirement to me means that I can sleep at night and know", "fyhUnnnNauA-00001-00001788-00002250": "there's going to be enough money in my retirement account to take care of me", "fyhUnnnNauA-00002-00002250-00002691": "until I ready to leave leave planet earth here, and hopefully there'll", "fyhUnnnNauA-00003-00002691-00002944": "be some to pass on to my my grandchildren.\"", "fyhUnnnNauA-00004-00002944-00003123": "\"Getting money, maintaining", "fyhUnnnNauA-00005-00003123-00003447": "money to live out my life the way I want to do it.\"", "fyhUnnnNauA-00006-00003447-00003680": "\"Crash Proof Retirement means", "fyhUnnnNauA-00007-00003680-00004095": "for me that I don't want to participate the market volatility that we've", "fyhUnnnNauA-00008-00004095-00004314": "experienced over the last 15 years.\"", "fyhUnnnNauA-00009-00004314-00004602": "\"Crash Proof Retirement means not losing", "fyhUnnnNauA-00010-00004602-00005239": "the money that we've put away for the last 25, 30, 40 years of our lives and", "fyhUnnnNauA-00011-00005239-00005629": "that it'll be there for our kids and our grandkids.\"", "fyhUnnnNauA-00012-00005629-00005916": "\"I would recommend Crash Proof Retirement to anyone", "fyhUnnnNauA-00013-00005916-00006386": "that's considering retiring or near retirement", "fyhUnnnNauA-00014-00006386-00007054": "it's just the best thing I've ever heard of it's great.\""}}, {"audio_id": "fyqeZ75lKXk", "text": {"fyqeZ75lKXk-00000-00000003-00000321": "Boy, if you've ever heard about the Google algorithm, you probably already", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00001-00000321-00000768": "feel overwhelmed. Today, I'm going to break it down and easy to understand", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00002-00000768-00002049": "terms so that you can make your content super Google-licious.", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00003-00002111-00002589": "Do you ever feel like Google is just a big mystery? There's like there's some", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00004-00002589-00003051": "magic algorithm out there that only super geeks know? Well, I'm here to tell", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00005-00003051-00003528": "you, it's really easy and I'm going to walk you through it right now. Google is just", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00006-00003528-00003905": "looking for thought leaders. That's it. Remember Google was founded as a", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00007-00003905-00004479": "research project at Stanford to index professorial content and student content.", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00008-00004479-00004965": "They wanted all the most current content. Not the old stuff but the stuff that was", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00009-00004965-00005498": "in the moment that day, hyper relevant to that specific topic. So, if we fast", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00010-00005498-00006105": "forward to today, it's just a massive library of the most current content. And", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00011-00006105-00006584": "of course, if I'm going to write a copy for a book, then of course I'm going to know", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00012-00006584-00006956": "where I put that book in the library. So, let's talk a little bit about the Google", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00013-00006956-00007289": "algorithm. Because a lot of people I think are very confused by this. Think", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00014-00007289-00007823": "about it so you guys may remember a bell curve, okay? So, a bell curve.", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00015-00007823-00008264": "I'm sorry not very good at drawing. So, what you want to think about is right in", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00016-00008264-00008727": "the middle of this bell curve right here is the top 10. Right here. Okay, that's the", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00017-00008727-00009159": "top 10. Now, I don't have time as a business owner, I don't have time to", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00018-00009159-00009647": "figure out what that top 10 is. I spent years at Yahoo figuring out the", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00019-00009647-00010083": "algorithm and what do we have to do and blah, blah. Here's a deal: I'm just going to", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00020-00010083-00010497": "copy what's already working. So, if I write... So let's just say that this right", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00021-00010497-00011139": "here is 1200 words. That's what it takes to be a page one contender. If I write", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00022-00011139-00011988": "less than that, say 600? Nope. If I write more than that say 2,500, no. Because the", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00023-00011988-00012411": "algorithm has already been established with the top 10. So, I need to look like", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00024-00012411-00012761": "this. I need to look like that guy. Remember the cool kids in high school?", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00025-00012761-00013134": "Maybe you weren't a cool kid. I wasn't. But you knew where to sit in the", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00026-00013134-00013532": "lunchroom, you got to sit in the back of the bus. You had the right sandwich. You", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00027-00013532-00013916": "knew exactly what to do to be cool. So, when you think about trying to make a", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00028-00013916-00014412": "page in your website or a vlog findable in google you've got to look like the", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00029-00014412-00014754": "cool kids that are already there, okay? So, what we're going to do is we're going to", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00030-00014754-00015165": "talk a little bit about what are some of the key elements to looking like a cool", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00031-00015165-00015669": "kid? So, we break down a piece of content. This", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00032-00015669-00016012": "is what we have to think about. First of all is... So, I'm going to take just like...", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00033-00016012-00016537": "Remember back to a term paper when you were kid. When you were in high school or", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00034-00016537-00017007": "college. And you had to write a term paper. So, think about every page on the", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00035-00017007-00017389": "website is like a research document. We're going to be Google. We're going to be a", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00036-00017389-00017823": "professor. I'm going to see if this page meets the cool kids standard to the top", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00037-00017823-00018337": "ten standards. So, the first thing we have to do of course is the title. The title", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00038-00018337-00018812": "is going to have the key word in it. That's what that term paper is about.", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00039-00018812-00019216": "Google's like, \"Yes, I love that!\" You've told me what it was in the titles.", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00040-00019216-00019897": "Key word and the title. Then we have the headline. Remember this is the h1 or the", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00041-00019897-00020347": "headline. This is what packs a punch right? This is like the big, the big", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00042-00020347-00020631": "statement that says, \"Here's why you should read this because it's awesome.\"", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00043-00020631-00021004": "So, that's the headline. Then if we're going to get it... We're really going to write a", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00044-00021004-00021562": "good term paper, we have got to have some body copy. Now, what's interesting is that", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00045-00021562-00022012": "Google is very nervous-nelly. It wants to make sure that you're going to start", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00046-00022012-00022426": "with that concept and end with that concept. So, we're going to start with a key", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00047-00022426-00023013": "word here first. Then we have all of our other content and then we're going to end", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00048-00023013-00023443": "with a key word at the end. We call it hugging the content, right? We want to", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00049-00023443-00023826": "make sure that we're hugging the top and the bottom. And then of course, we're not", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00050-00023826-00024195": "going to paint this with keywords. We're gonna make sure that we just add the key", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00051-00024195-00024804": "words and the key word variants evenly down the page so that Google can see,", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00052-00024804-00025204": "\"Great, I see you got it in a title. I see got in the headline. I see that this body", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00053-00025204-00025860": "copy is clearly about that keyword.\" Now, a couple more advanced features would be", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00054-00025860-00026572": "to have images. Okay? So, I've got one image here, I've got two images here. This", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00055-00026572-00027172": "is going to be named keyword one.jpg, this is keyword2.jpg. Right? We want", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00056-00027172-00027583": "everything to be pointing toward that keyword in that keyword optimization. And", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00057-00027583-00028087": "then finally we've got the links. So, think about what is a link mean in a", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00058-00028087-00028572": "term paper? Think about how does that translate? Well a link,", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00059-00028572-00029094": "I have a word that's underlined and linked that goes to another site. This", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00060-00029094-00029789": "might be a word that is linked and goes to another site. These are citations.", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00061-00029789-00030252": "Remember that bibliography? Bibliography. So, what you're doing is you're saying", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00062-00030252-00030420": "just because you say it doesn't make it true.", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00063-00030420-00030995": "So, you've got to be able to show up to Google and look like a cool kid. You know", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00064-00030995-00031542": "how to dress, what to eat, where to sit in the bus, right? You know all these", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00065-00031542-00032022": "different elements. And this is what makes you findable. One keyword at a time.", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00066-00032022-00032517": "So, I like to think about world domination by keyword phrase. I want you", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00067-00032517-00032985": "to focus on one keyword. And when you see yourself in multiple positions on that", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00068-00032985-00033396": "same keyword in search results, then you could move to another keyword. So,", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00069-00033396-00033747": "remember, you got to look like a cool kid, follow the rules. But bring your", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00070-00033747-00034275": "unique gift and thought leadership to that concept. The next part I want to", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00071-00034275-00034683": "share with you is about world domination by keyword phrase. So, it's not about", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00072-00034683-00035109": "ranking for a thousand keywords. It's maybe ranking for 20. Because those 20", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00073-00035109-00035625": "are so perfect for you. So, SEO historically has meant that you get one", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00074-00035625-00036257": "position on the page. Let's say this is our search result page on Google, okay?", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00075-00036257-00037287": "Here's our dub-dub-dub google.com. Okay. So, world domination by keyword phrase", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00076-00037287-00037710": "means, \"Yes, I'm going to optimize and I'm gonna have one listing here that is my", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00077-00037710-00038502": "website.\" Now, there are still 9 other search results here. There's 10 results", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00078-00038502-00038946": "on a search result page. I want to see how many I can take away from a", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00079-00038946-00039375": "competitor. So, as you start getting clarity, now I'm going to write a blog post", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00080-00039375-00040113": "for that same keyword. Okay? Blogm there's one there's two.", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00081-00040113-00040482": "Now, I've pushed off the 2 at the bottom of the search result pages. Now,", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00082-00040482-00040884": "I'm going to do a video, okay? Now, look now we got 3 spots on that search", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00083-00040884-00041328": "result page. I'm killing it. Then I'm gonna start making sure that I use for", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00084-00041328-00041877": "the imagery. I'm going to make sure I name images that keyword. And you'll see the", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00085-00041877-00042215": "Google Images will come right here from how you've", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00086-00042215-00042868": "named those images. So, now I've optimize a page on my website for that keyword,", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00087-00042868-00043037": "I've optimised a blog post for that keyword on my website. I've optimized a", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00088-00043037-00043472": "video for that. And now I've also optimized images. So, what you'll see is", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00089-00043472-00044024": "I'm slowly pushing anyone else on this page off the bottom. So, your end game is", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00090-00044024-00044453": "not just one organic listing which is what this would be. They call it organic", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00091-00044453-00044909": "or natural or SEO, whatever. But that's... That's just the beginning", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00092-00044909-00045249": "If you only have 20 keywords, you could then go back and say, \"Okay,", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00093-00045249-00045534": "what are we going to write on a blog for that. And what are we going to create a", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00094-00045534-00045936": "video for and what are we going to ask images.\" Now, here's a little ninja trick", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00095-00045936-00046440": "that works every time. Actually 2. The first one is slideshare.net. Now,", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00096-00046440-00047177": "SlideShare is owned by LinkedIn. SlideShare is the Wikipedia of", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00097-00047177-00047722": "powerpoints. If you go in and name that SlideShare deck, just create four pages.", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00098-00047722-00048191": "About us, services, testimonials contact us. Whatever you want to do. It's like a", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00099-00048191-00048683": "brochure. Upload it to SlideShare.net, call it the keyword you want to rank for.", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00100-00048683-00049159": "And boy Google loves a SlideShare. It will rank usually between 24 to 48 hours.", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00101-00049159-00049916": "Really easy way to get right in there fast. The next one is Pinterest. So,", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00102-00049916-00050918": "Pinterest is a visual search engine. It is not just girls with makeup and you", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00103-00050918-00051521": "know, cooking recipes. It has expanded to be findable. Every single board you", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00104-00051521-00051936": "create in Pinterest is findable. So if you name a board that keyword and you", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00105-00051936-00052311": "put a bunch of images in there, then that's also going to rank here. So how", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00106-00052311-00053020": "many spots do we have now? One, two, three, four, five, six. Do you see how we're slowly", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00107-00053020-00053550": "dominating that keyword? So, when someone comes to the site, you are the only game", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00108-00053550-00053997": "in town. You've got it knitted up then because you were so focused, you are", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00109-00053997-00054464": "killing it one keyword at a time. That's the good stuff. It's really just taking", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00110-00054464-00054948": "its clues on who is the best thought leader, who has the best content. Get out", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00111-00054948-00055266": "there start writing don't worry about Googlebot. Worry about the search", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00112-00055266-00055651": "first and Googlebot second. Don't forget to subscribe to our Channel and hit the", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00113-00055651-00056301": "button and the bell. So, that you can get notified of our latest videos.", "fyqeZ75lKXk-00114-00056792-00056999": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "fyzGrsiXKkQ", "text": {"fyzGrsiXKkQ-00000-00000056-00000277": "In this lesson, we learned about garnet.", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00001-00000277-00000601": "Personally, garnet is one of my favorite minerals.", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00002-00000601-00000807": "Garnet is beautiful.", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00003-00000807-00001094": "I have some garnet jewelry on today.", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00004-00001094-00001307": "It is also functional.", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00005-00001307-00001694": "Garnet has a lot of industrial and household uses", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00006-00001694-00001803": "as an abrasive.", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00007-00001803-00002064": "It's use in sandpaper, it's used for polishing,", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00008-00002064-00002561": "and it's used in sandblasters and water jet cutters.", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00009-00002716-00003103": "And garnet is also really really useful scientifically.", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00010-00003103-00003552": "For geoscientists who are interested in understanding", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00011-00003552-00003847": "what has happened in Earth history in terms", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00012-00003847-00004175": "of the plate tectonics and moving plates,", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00013-00004175-00004667": "building of mountains, garnet serves as an index mineral,", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00014-00004667-00005069": "which lets us know what the metamorphic grade was", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00015-00005069-00005491": "that was achieved in a particular mountain belt", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00016-00005491-00005828": "or in a particular metamorphic setting.", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00017-00005828-00005989": "Garnets can be dated.", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00018-00005989-00006213": "So we can get ages and not only that,", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00019-00006213-00006563": "but garnets grow concentrically starting at a seed", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00020-00006563-00006804": "and growing outward like tree rings.", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00021-00006804-00007104": "So we can get multiple dates from one garnet", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00022-00007104-00007563": "that has grown over the course of perhaps", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00023-00007563-00007813": "as many as millions of years.", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00024-00007813-00008313": "And then within that time range, we can use garnet,", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00025-00008370-00008688": "and inclusions of other minerals that get trapped", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00026-00008688-00009130": "inside of the garnet as it grows form", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00027-00009130-00009454": "some calculations that we can make that are useful", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00028-00009454-00009674": "as thermometers and barometers,", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00029-00009674-00009956": "so what we call a geothermometer, a geobarometer,", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00030-00009956-00010328": "that allow us to calculate based on the composition", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00031-00010328-00010573": "of the garnet and the composition of the other minerals", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00032-00010573-00010862": "that we find inside of it exactly what pressure", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00033-00010862-00011143": "and temperature the garnet has experienced.", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00034-00011143-00011440": "And what that means is by looking at one garnet", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00035-00011440-00011769": "that grew over a long period of time,", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00036-00011769-00012230": "we can calculate, we can determine exactly how", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00037-00012230-00012632": "the pressure and temperature changes that were experienced", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00038-00012632-00013040": "by that garnet, how they changed through time", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00039-00013040-00013494": "and map out the history of tectonic events,", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00040-00013494-00013994": "something like a mountain building or a subduction zone", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00041-00014026-00014432": "carrying ocean crust deep into the interior of the Earth", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00042-00014432-00014841": "and understand the rates of how these processes happened", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00043-00014841-00015105": "and when in time they've happened.", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00044-00015105-00015330": "So, I think it's pretty cool.", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00045-00015330-00015590": "So another very cool thing about garnets", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00046-00015590-00016004": "is that they can also inform us about somewhat", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00047-00016004-00016215": "more recent history.", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00048-00016215-00016715": "And it's because garnets can be provenanced quite accurately", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00049-00016765-00017048": "thanks to a lot of the properties", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00050-00017048-00017253": "that Maureen was just describing.", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00051-00017253-00017589": "And so as you learned in the video", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00052-00017589-00018089": "from the Romisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum and Mines,", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00053-00018223-00018722": "there was a project in Germany to provenance", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00054-00018810-00019149": "a bunch of garnets that were used", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00055-00019149-00019649": "in Frankish and Anglo-Saxon and other types", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00056-00019727-00020181": "of Germanic jewelry from sort of the migration period", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00057-00020181-00020599": "in Europe, so roughly between about 400", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00058-00020762-00021156": "and seven or 800 CE.", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00059-00021243-00021692": "And with those, they found that most of them", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00060-00021692-00022125": "were coming from particular areas of Rajasthan", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00061-00022125-00022473": "and from Sri Lanka, but that there was also", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00062-00022473-00022973": "a change in the trade routes that must have occurred", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00063-00022988-00023488": "right around 650, 700 because we start seeing changes", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00064-00023589-00023893": "in the garnets themselves and the types of garnets.", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00065-00023893-00024355": "There is more evidence of reuse in some of the later,", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00066-00024355-00024730": "the more recently made pieces of jewelry.", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00067-00024730-00025230": "And garnet can be used as a substitute", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00068-00025258-00025654": "to sort of inform historians", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00069-00025654-00026139": "and particularly historians of economics", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00070-00026139-00026500": "about trade routes for other materials", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00071-00026500-00026860": "that we don't have", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00072-00026860-00027123": "surviving examples anymore.", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00073-00027123-00027441": "So for example, the spice trade", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00074-00027530-00027777": "or trade in textiles,", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00075-00027777-00028097": "where we might have some material remaining,", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00076-00028097-00028385": "but it tends to be much more fragmentary.", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00077-00028385-00028885": "And so garnets are a wonderful stand in", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00078-00028947-00029422": "for economic historians and art historians", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00079-00029422-00029663": "in order to examine those trade routes.", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00080-00029663-00030064": "And again, they're beautiful (laughing)", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00081-00030064-00030364": "and highly symbolic when we're talking", "fyzGrsiXKkQ-00082-00030364-00030517": "about the red ones."}}, {"audio_id": "fyTRziHeZaQ", "text": {"fyTRziHeZaQ-00000-00000729-00001117": "[MUSIC PLAYING] MIKE SILVERSTONE: Machiavelli gets a bad rep (sic) these days.", "fyTRziHeZaQ-00001-00001117-00001821": "And typically, to be called Machiavellian is to suggest that one is acting cynically", "fyTRziHeZaQ-00002-00001821-00002047": "and in one's self-interest.", "fyTRziHeZaQ-00003-00002047-00002807": "And indeed, having served in the military and in a law enforcement agency, there are", "fyTRziHeZaQ-00004-00002807-00003332": "frequently activities that you engage in, as part of your operations, that deliberately", "fyTRziHeZaQ-00005-00003332-00003997": "engage in deception, deliberately engage in Machiavellian strategy in order to gain successful", "fyTRziHeZaQ-00006-00003997-00004468": "operational outcomes, and that is necessary and appropriate.", "fyTRziHeZaQ-00007-00004468-00005432": "The trouble arises when you have people engaging in cynical self-interest to gain and obtain", "fyTRziHeZaQ-00008-00005432-00006146": "their own personal goals and objectives that are contrary to the interests of their peers,", "fyTRziHeZaQ-00009-00006146-00006378": "colleagues, and the organization.", "fyTRziHeZaQ-00010-00006378-00007090": "And Machiavellian conduct, in that context, can be enormously corrosive.", "fyTRziHeZaQ-00011-00007090-00007768": "When confronted by that, it is important to nip it in the bud as quickly as possible,", "fyTRziHeZaQ-00012-00007768-00008330": "and part of the challenge with that is identifying when it is occurring, how it is occurring,", "fyTRziHeZaQ-00013-00008330-00008915": "and who's engaging that activity, and then seeking, sensibly, to try and align their", "fyTRziHeZaQ-00014-00008915-00009521": "behavior and conduct with the norms that are accepted as appropriate within the organization.", "fyTRziHeZaQ-00015-00009521-00009907": "Once again training, counseling, mentoring, may help with that.", "fyTRziHeZaQ-00016-00009907-00010366": "It's also important, that if that sort of approach is taking hold as a subculture in", "fyTRziHeZaQ-00017-00010366-00010911": "the organization, to actually look at that subculture and determine whether it's appropriate", "fyTRziHeZaQ-00018-00010911-00011038": "or not.", "fyTRziHeZaQ-00019-00011038-00011566": "If the subculture is not appropriate, then it's important to seek to change the norms", "fyTRziHeZaQ-00020-00011566-00011923": "and the values that are practiced in that part of the organization.", "fyTRziHeZaQ-00021-00011923-00012577": "This will requires, once again, identify the tasks, identify the systems processes, procedures", "fyTRziHeZaQ-00022-00012577-00012997": "that are necessary to achieve those tasks, and hold people to account in terms of doing", "fyTRziHeZaQ-00023-00012997-00013113": "that.", "fyTRziHeZaQ-00024-00013113-00013771": "My view is, if you address the way people do things, you start to influence the way", "fyTRziHeZaQ-00025-00013771-00014172": "they think about those things, and in that way, you start to influence the nature of", "fyTRziHeZaQ-00026-00014172-00014368": "the culture in which you are working.", "fyTRziHeZaQ-00027-00014368-00015259": "So it's a difficult thing to do, and ultimately a reorganization leading to redundancies and", "fyTRziHeZaQ-00028-00015259-00015733": "then moving on of difficult people is perhaps the best approach.", "fyTRziHeZaQ-00029-00015733-00016416": "But whatever it is, it becomes highly costly in terms of the requirement for resilience", "fyTRziHeZaQ-00030-00016416-00017017": "by leaders, the requirement for the organization to invest resources, and of course, all these", "fyTRziHeZaQ-00031-00017017-00017543": "things we've talked about in terms of change and adaption and things need to go on while", "fyTRziHeZaQ-00032-00017543-00017871": "the organization is doing its daily job.", "fyTRziHeZaQ-00033-00017871-00018032": "And in any circumstance that's difficult."}}, {"audio_id": "fzkXDawq83M", "text": {"fzkXDawq83M-00000-00000000-00000700": "Transcriber: Ezra Masri Reviewer: Capa Girl", "fzkXDawq83M-00001-00001665-00001788": "My name is James Gerber,", "fzkXDawq83M-00002-00001788-00002116": "I'm the director of the undergraduate international business program", "fzkXDawq83M-00003-00002116-00002488": "and Professor of Economics at San Diego State University.", "fzkXDawq83M-00004-00002488-00002913": "I want to thank IBERO for the opportunity to be here today", "fzkXDawq83M-00005-00002913-00003407": "and to speak to a audience on the border about the border.", "fzkXDawq83M-00006-00003407-00003908": "Something that has occupied my attention and a lot of my research", "fzkXDawq83M-00007-00003908-00004199": "and interest for a number of years.", "fzkXDawq83M-00008-00004199-00004621": "What I would like to do first is contextualize a bit", "fzkXDawq83M-00009-00004621-00004785": "the economy of the border and then", "fzkXDawq83M-00010-00004785-00005182": "I have three points that I want to make", "fzkXDawq83M-00011-00005182-00005613": "which I think are not part of the discourse about the border,", "fzkXDawq83M-00012-00005613-00005959": "but should be part of that discourse.", "fzkXDawq83M-00013-00005959-00006299": "So let me first start by contextualizing a little bit", "fzkXDawq83M-00014-00006299-00006540": "the three points that I want to make.", "fzkXDawq83M-00015-00006540-00006898": "The context I want to draw is these two extremes", "fzkXDawq83M-00016-00006898-00007177": "that we hear about San Diego - Tijuana,", "fzkXDawq83M-00017-00007177-00007387": "US-Mexico border region.", "fzkXDawq83M-00018-00007387-00007881": "One extreme - nationalism, the other extreme - globalism.", "fzkXDawq83M-00019-00007881-00008209": "We have people in both those positions,", "fzkXDawq83M-00020-00008209-00008519": "the extreme nationalists and the extreme globalists.", "fzkXDawq83M-00021-00008519-00008872": "The nationalists operate out of a way of thinking", "fzkXDawq83M-00022-00008872-00009312": "that probably goes back to the 1950's or the 1960's.", "fzkXDawq83M-00023-00009312-00009786": "The cold war, the nation state as the unit of analysis.", "fzkXDawq83M-00024-00009786-00010077": "There is Mexico, there is the United States,", "fzkXDawq83M-00025-00010077-00010554": "two sovereign nations, two separate independent entities.", "fzkXDawq83M-00026-00010554-00010727": "Yes, some interaction,", "fzkXDawq83M-00027-00010727-00010971": "but these are very different places", "fzkXDawq83M-00028-00010971-00011365": "with very different reasons for existence,", "fzkXDawq83M-00029-00011365-00011948": "with very different ideas, cultures, societies and so forth.", "fzkXDawq83M-00030-00011948-00012239": "Not a lot of overlap in the nationalist view,", "fzkXDawq83M-00031-00012239-00012770": "not a lot of need for overlap in that view.", "fzkXDawq83M-00032-00012770-00012944": "So, I say to those people", "fzkXDawq83M-00033-00012944-00013458": "if that's the way you think then come to Fashion Valley", "fzkXDawq83M-00034-00013458-00013804": "and wander around a bit and listen to the people", "fzkXDawq83M-00035-00013804-00013966": "that you hear there.", "fzkXDawq83M-00036-00013966-00014225": "Or better yet come near where I live", "fzkXDawq83M-00037-00014225-00014766": "on El Cajon Blv. there's a market, Pancho Villa's farmers market,", "fzkXDawq83M-00038-00014766-00015218": "where you can get mangos and 15 kinds of chilles.", "fzkXDawq83M-00039-00015218-00016003": "You will see that this hard fast line between the United States and Mexico", "fzkXDawq83M-00040-00016003-00016308": "isn't quite like you might think that it is.", "fzkXDawq83M-00041-00016308-00016859": "Now most of you are here in a border audience in some sense", "fzkXDawq83M-00042-00016859-00017355": "and probably not many of you think like that is my guess.", "fzkXDawq83M-00043-00017355-00017661": "I mean I do find that way of thinking quite a bit", "fzkXDawq83M-00044-00017661-00018209": "on the other side of the border, in the United States.", "fzkXDawq83M-00045-00018209-00018444": "But the nationalists have a point.", "fzkXDawq83M-00046-00018444-00018635": "There is a point to what they are saying", "fzkXDawq83M-00047-00018635-00018969": "and if you think that there isn't then do the following exercise", "fzkXDawq83M-00048-00018970-00019138": "which is something I like to do.", "fzkXDawq83M-00049-00019138-00019377": "It tells me a lot about the border,", "fzkXDawq83M-00050-00019377-00019835": "go to Fashion Valley, go to Nordstrom's or Macy's", "fzkXDawq83M-00051-00019835-00020058": "and when you go to buy, whatever it is you are going to buy,", "fzkXDawq83M-00052-00020058-00020253": "you take out your wallet,", "fzkXDawq83M-00053-00020253-00020591": "innocent face, very straight, and you say,", "fzkXDawq83M-00054-00020591-00020854": "\"Uh, do you take pesos?\"", "fzkXDawq83M-00055-00020854-00021130": "(Laughter)", "fzkXDawq83M-00056-00021130-00021650": "Here is what happens, they look at you and think,", "fzkXDawq83M-00057-00021650-00022113": "\"Oh, this person is joking or something.\"", "fzkXDawq83M-00058-00022113-00022459": "So you keep a straight face, very innocent and say,", "fzkXDawq83M-00059-00022459-00022684": "\"Oh OK, you don't take pesos.", "fzkXDawq83M-00060-00022684-00022966": "I just ask because I was in Tijuana yesterday", "fzkXDawq83M-00061-00022966-00023366": "and they take dollars so I thought you might take pesos.\"", "fzkXDawq83M-00062-00023366-00023602": "(Laughter)", "fzkXDawq83M-00063-00023602-00023979": "Then they are a little bit disgusted by that thought.", "fzkXDawq83M-00064-00023979-00024163": "Actually, just parenthetically, let me say", "fzkXDawq83M-00065-00024163-00024569": "I think this is a real opportunity for businesses in San Diego.", "fzkXDawq83M-00066-00024569-00025052": "I think it would be smart of them to take pesos for a variety of reasons.", "fzkXDawq83M-00067-00025052-00025273": "They would benefit form that.", "fzkXDawq83M-00068-00025273-00025622": "Ok, so you continue this little dialogue", "fzkXDawq83M-00069-00025622-00026155": "because it tells you a lot about how some people think about the border.", "fzkXDawq83M-00070-00026155-00026453": "This should be a cautionary tale for globalists,", "fzkXDawq83M-00071-00026453-00026765": "for the people who think the world is flat,", "fzkXDawq83M-00072-00026765-00026985": "for people that think there is really no difference,", "fzkXDawq83M-00073-00026985-00027218": "we are one integrated area.", "fzkXDawq83M-00074-00027218-00027582": "You ask this person who's told you that they don't take pesos", "fzkXDawq83M-00075-00027582-00027771": "and are getting a little bit impatient,", "fzkXDawq83M-00076-00027771-00028323": "but you keep insisting, and you say,", "fzkXDawq83M-00077-00028323-00028833": "\"I just thought maybe because we are so close to the border", "fzkXDawq83M-00078-00028833-00029084": "that you might take pesos.\"", "fzkXDawq83M-00079-00029084-00029322": "And sometimes you get the following response:", "fzkXDawq83M-00080-00029322-00029736": "\"We are not near the border! Thats way far from here!\"", "fzkXDawq83M-00081-00029736-00029920": "You know, fifteen miles.", "fzkXDawq83M-00082-00029920-00030172": "(Laughter)", "fzkXDawq83M-00083-00030172-00030845": "But this tells you about how many people look at San Diego/Tijuana.", "fzkXDawq83M-00084-00030845-00030939": "It tells you a lot.", "fzkXDawq83M-00085-00030939-00031700": "It's a barometer of some part of the population's perspective.", "fzkXDawq83M-00086-00031700-00032094": "OK, so we've got the nationalists, we've got the globalists,", "fzkXDawq83M-00087-00032094-00032269": "this is the context of the border.", "fzkXDawq83M-00088-00032269-00032589": "We're somewhere in between.", "fzkXDawq83M-00089-00032589-00033302": "We are not 100% separate with soley national concerns,", "fzkXDawq83M-00090-00033302-00033583": "but nor are we a flat world", "fzkXDawq83M-00091-00033583-00033765": "in which there is no differences", "fzkXDawq83M-00092-00033765-00034161": "between San Diego and Tijuana and everyone has the same opportunities", "fzkXDawq83M-00093-00034161-00034427": "and the same advantages on both sides of the border.", "fzkXDawq83M-00094-00034427-00034683": "Thats not an accurate description either.", "fzkXDawq83M-00095-00034683-00035125": "Many people live in San Diego and never think about the border,", "fzkXDawq83M-00096-00035125-00035519": "and the idea to them is slightly absurd to think about it.", "fzkXDawq83M-00097-00035519-00035741": "That's just the reality that we face.", "fzkXDawq83M-00098-00035741-00035956": "OK, that's the context.", "fzkXDawq83M-00099-00035956-00036249": "Now, three points that I want to make about this", "fzkXDawq83M-00100-00036249-00036490": "that I think are not part of the national discourse", "fzkXDawq83M-00101-00036490-00036747": "either in Mexico or the Unites States", "fzkXDawq83M-00102-00036747-00037064": "that should be part of our discourse.", "fzkXDawq83M-00103-00037064-00037534": "The fist point is geographic, the second point is political", "fzkXDawq83M-00104-00037534-00037831": "and the third point is social.", "fzkXDawq83M-00105-00037831-00038202": "So geography, economic integration between", "fzkXDawq83M-00106-00038202-00038670": "the United States and Mexico is a border phenomenon.", "fzkXDawq83M-00107-00038670-00038959": "It's not a national phenomenon,", "fzkXDawq83M-00108-00038959-00039513": "it's not happening uniformly, equally spread throughout the United States", "fzkXDawq83M-00109-00039513-00039811": "uniformly equally spread throughout Mexico.", "fzkXDawq83M-00110-00039811-00040047": "It's happening at the border.", "fzkXDawq83M-00111-00040047-00040273": "We know this for a variety of reasons,", "fzkXDawq83M-00112-00040273-00040740": "there are empirical measurements of this, we understand this completely.", "fzkXDawq83M-00113-00040740-00041205": "If you look for example at how we measure economic integration.", "fzkXDawq83M-00114-00041205-00041603": "One of the ways, trade flows.", "fzkXDawq83M-00115-00041603-00042184": "Mexico doesn't keep statistics on the state origin of its exports.", "fzkXDawq83M-00116-00042184-00042346": "Mexico measures exports,", "fzkXDawq83M-00117-00042346-00042560": "but you don't really know if they were produced in", "fzkXDawq83M-00118-00042560-00042976": "Sonora or Durango or what state.", "fzkXDawq83M-00119-00042976-00043256": "Ciudad de Mexico or wherever.", "fzkXDawq83M-00120-00043256-00043616": "But the US has those statistics and what we know is this,", "fzkXDawq83M-00121-00043616-00044385": "over 60% of all US exports to Mexico originate in the four border states.", "fzkXDawq83M-00122-00044495-00045001": "Texas, California primarily, but also Arizona secondarily,", "fzkXDawq83M-00123-00045001-00045287": "and a tiny amount in New Mexico.", "fzkXDawq83M-00124-00045287-00045855": "So our trade, at least as measured by US exports, is coming from border states.", "fzkXDawq83M-00125-00045855-00046017": "This is the origin of these goods,", "fzkXDawq83M-00126-00046017-00046249": "not just that these goods pass through those states,", "fzkXDawq83M-00127-00046249-00046552": "but its the origin of where those goods are produced", "fzkXDawq83M-00128-00046552-00046813": "and then sent to Mexico. So that's trade.", "fzkXDawq83M-00129-00046813-00047031": "Migration.", "fzkXDawq83M-00130-00047391-00047901": "We know that 1 in 10 Mexicans, approximately, lives in the United States.", "fzkXDawq83M-00131-00048013-00048182": "They are spread out,", "fzkXDawq83M-00132-00048182-00048722": "but 2/3 of them live in the four border states.", "fzkXDawq83M-00133-00048813-00049030": "They are still highly concentrated,", "fzkXDawq83M-00134-00049030-00049261": "your compatriots are highly concentrated", "fzkXDawq83M-00135-00049261-00049619": "in California, Texas, Arizona and New Mexico.", "fzkXDawq83M-00136-00049619-00049813": "A border phenomenon,", "fzkXDawq83M-00137-00049813-00050071": "movement of people is one of the ways", "fzkXDawq83M-00138-00050071-00050460": "in which we understand this degree of integration", "fzkXDawq83M-00139-00050460-00050610": "between two nations.", "fzkXDawq83M-00140-00050610-00050842": "And that movement is a border phenomenon.", "fzkXDawq83M-00141-00050842-00051135": "It's mirrored, we don't have good statistics,", "fzkXDawq83M-00142-00051135-00051816": "by what I like to jokingly refer to as \"the anti-re-conquista.\"", "fzkXDawq83M-00143-00051816-00052252": "Which is all the Americans that are buying condos in Baja and elsewhere", "fzkXDawq83M-00144-00052252-00052449": "and this is mirror image of that.", "fzkXDawq83M-00145-00052449-00052702": "The same phenomena is happening", "fzkXDawq83M-00146-00052702-00053369": "there is a concentration of Americans who are not migrants, not tourists,", "fzkXDawq83M-00147-00053369-00053827": "they don't really fall into any social science category,", "fzkXDawq83M-00148-00053827-00053926": "but they have property", "fzkXDawq83M-00149-00053926-00054546": "and they are allocating an important part of their lives in the border region.", "fzkXDawq83M-00150-00054546-00054754": "Foreign direct investment is something else we can look at", "fzkXDawq83M-00151-00054754-00055005": "when we talk about economic integration.", "fzkXDawq83M-00152-00055005-00055288": "In most US foreign investment into Mexico", "fzkXDawq83M-00153-00055288-00055452": "goes to Mexico City.", "fzkXDawq83M-00154-00055452-00056143": "It varies by year, but it's about half sometimes as much as 60% Mexico City,", "fzkXDawq83M-00155-00056143-00056284": "most of it goes there.", "fzkXDawq83M-00156-00056284-00056782": "So if you take that 40-45% that's left,", "fzkXDawq83M-00157-00056782-00057097": "the vast majority of that goes to the border states.", "fzkXDawq83M-00158-00057097-00057514": "To the six Mexican sates on the border.", "fzkXDawq83M-00159-00057514-00058118": "So investment, foreign investment is consistent with these other facts", "fzkXDawq83M-00160-00058118-00058385": "about integration.", "fzkXDawq83M-00161-00058385-00058761": "Integration has a place,", "fzkXDawq83M-00162-00058761-00059019": "it's not a general national phenomena.", "fzkXDawq83M-00163-00059019-00059261": "It has a place, the place is the border.", "fzkXDawq83M-00164-00059261-00059769": "This is a reason why we border residents should be quite concerned about.", "fzkXDawq83M-00165-00059769-00060217": "It effects us far more than it effects the rest of Mexico", "fzkXDawq83M-00166-00060217-00060514": "or the rest of the United States.", "fzkXDawq83M-00167-00060514-00060873": "That's the geography.", "fzkXDawq83M-00168-00060873-00061164": "Ok let me talk a little about the politics.", "fzkXDawq83M-00169-00061164-00061745": "This integration that we are seeing is not the result of national agreements", "fzkXDawq83M-00170-00061745-00062122": "signed between the United States and Mexico,", "fzkXDawq83M-00171-00062122-00062382": "it's not due to NAFTA.", "fzkXDawq83M-00172-00062382-00062677": "It's not due to these pieces of paper", "fzkXDawq83M-00173-00062677-00062894": "which have the signatures of important people", "fzkXDawq83M-00174-00062894-00063139": "in the United States and Mexico.", "fzkXDawq83M-00175-00063139-00063543": "It's due to the activities and actions", "fzkXDawq83M-00176-00063543-00063890": "of everyday people living in the border region.", "fzkXDawq83M-00177-00063890-00064337": "Business people, students, families, citizens", "fzkXDawq83M-00178-00064337-00064535": "going about their daily lives", "fzkXDawq83M-00179-00064535-00064879": "in what seems to them a reasonable normal way,", "fzkXDawq83M-00180-00064879-00065098": "that's what's creating this integration.", "fzkXDawq83M-00181-00065098-00065726": "If you look at the growth of the maquiladora industry, for example", "fzkXDawq83M-00182-00065727-00066067": "or the growth of trade between the United States and Mexico.", "fzkXDawq83M-00183-00066067-00066269": "There is no structural break,", "fzkXDawq83M-00184-00066269-00066523": "that is, there is no change in the trajectory,", "fzkXDawq83M-00185-00066523-00066888": "in the pattern that happens after NAFTA.", "fzkXDawq83M-00186-00066888-00067054": "NAFTA didn't suddenly create this,", "fzkXDawq83M-00187-00067054-00067358": "it was going on before that", "fzkXDawq83M-00188-00067358-00067546": "and it's continued to go on after that", "fzkXDawq83M-00189-00067546-00068166": "in spite of a number of very serious difficulties that stand in our way.", "fzkXDawq83M-00190-00068166-00068648": "Jeffery Davidow was the US ambassador to Mexico from the United States", "fzkXDawq83M-00191-00068648-00069208": "under the last two years of the Zedillo administration,", "fzkXDawq83M-00192-00069208-00069564": "which was the last two years of the Clinton administration.", "fzkXDawq83M-00193-00069564-00069846": "And the first two years of the Fox administration", "fzkXDawq83M-00194-00069846-00070143": "which was the first two years of the Bush administration.", "fzkXDawq83M-00195-00070143-00070440": "He wrote a book about his experiences", "fzkXDawq83M-00196-00070440-00070921": "the book is a fun read, it's called \"The Bear and the Porcupine.\"", "fzkXDawq83M-00197-00070921-00071138": "You guys are the porcupine we are the bear.", "fzkXDawq83M-00198-00071138-00071353": "(Laughter)", "fzkXDawq83M-00199-00071353-00071746": "I'll leave it to you to unravel that metaphor a little bit.", "fzkXDawq83M-00200-00071746-00072090": "But I decided one year I was going to use this book", "fzkXDawq83M-00201-00072090-00072256": "in a class I teach.", "fzkXDawq83M-00202-00072256-00072803": "So I am looking at the chapters and I am trying -- Ok, so what's this chapter about and", "fzkXDawq83M-00203-00072803-00073220": "I am writing next to each chapter what the dominant theme is.", "fzkXDawq83M-00204-00073220-00073519": "There is, I dont know, 15 chapters or something like that", "fzkXDawq83M-00205-00073519-00073925": "and I get down and I look at my list and there is two subjects,", "fzkXDawq83M-00206-00073925-00074053": "that is it.", "fzkXDawq83M-00207-00074053-00074644": "Every chapter was on one of two things: drugs, migration.", "fzkXDawq83M-00208-00074785-00075075": "That is what the national governments are thinking about!", "fzkXDawq83M-00209-00075075-00075312": "This is the US ambassador to Mexico,", "fzkXDawq83M-00210-00075312-00075496": "this is where he spent his time,", "fzkXDawq83M-00211-00075496-00075692": "these are the issues that he worked on.", "fzkXDawq83M-00212-00075692-00076296": "This reflects US actions, thoughts,", "fzkXDawq83M-00213-00076296-00076466": "attitudes towards Mexico.", "fzkXDawq83M-00214-00076466-00076552": "What is important?", "fzkXDawq83M-00215-00076552-00077047": "What does the national political scene have to deal with?", "fzkXDawq83M-00216-00077047-00077340": "What's its focus?", "fzkXDawq83M-00217-00077340-00077695": "It's not all of this integration that's going on in the border region.", "fzkXDawq83M-00218-00077695-00077843": "It's not that.", "fzkXDawq83M-00219-00077843-00078145": "It's drugs and migration,", "fzkXDawq83M-00220-00078145-00078369": "those are the two things.", "fzkXDawq83M-00221-00078369-00078829": "So this migration is really the result of all kinds of --", "fzkXDawq83M-00222-00079198-00079556": "or this integration is the result of all kinds of actions", "fzkXDawq83M-00223-00079556-00079849": "by individuals, by organizations.", "fzkXDawq83M-00224-00079849-00080116": "You can name your own favorites,", "fzkXDawq83M-00225-00080116-00080485": "but there is civil society organizations like VIA International", "fzkXDawq83M-00226-00080485-00080777": "or the International Community Foundation --", "fzkXDawq83M-00227-00080777-00081285": "There are universities that have dual degree programs.", "fzkXDawq83M-00228-00081285-00081622": "The program I direct has dual degree programs", "fzkXDawq83M-00229-00081622-00081894": "with CETYS and UABC in Tijuana.", "fzkXDawq83M-00230-00081894-00082177": "So we have students two years here two years there,", "fzkXDawq83M-00231-00082177-00082444": "they get degrees from both places.", "fzkXDawq83M-00232-00082444-00082824": "It's the result of churches which have --", "fzkXDawq83M-00233-00083118-00083608": "a church in San Diego and a church in Tijuana, it's quite common.", "fzkXDawq83M-00234-00083608-00084281": "It's the result of families which live on both sides of the broder.", "fzkXDawq83M-00235-00084281-00084504": "This is what is driving this integration.", "fzkXDawq83M-00236-00084504-00084811": "It's the result of small businesses,", "fzkXDawq83M-00237-00084811-00085389": "you go into any restaurant in San Diego and you will see what I mean.", "fzkXDawq83M-00238-00085596-00085821": "Poke your head in the kitchen and see who is working there.", "fzkXDawq83M-00239-00085821-00086284": "This is part of the integration. OK.", "fzkXDawq83M-00240-00086284-00086596": "Geography, politics, society.", "fzkXDawq83M-00241-00086596-00086951": "What is the social theme here?", "fzkXDawq83M-00242-00086951-00087092": "The social theme is this;", "fzkXDawq83M-00243-00087092-00087385": "that something new is happening at the border region,", "fzkXDawq83M-00244-00087385-00087530": "this is something new.", "fzkXDawq83M-00245-00087530-00087727": "There is a new type of citizenship", "fzkXDawq83M-00246-00087727-00088015": "that is being created in the border region", "fzkXDawq83M-00247-00088015-00088262": "and it's due to the creation of this,", "fzkXDawq83M-00248-00088262-00088796": "what I refer to as trans-border or trans-national population.", "fzkXDawq83M-00249-00088796-00089011": "This is a new phenomenon.", "fzkXDawq83M-00250-00089011-00089268": "I have a friend that works at San Diego State,", "fzkXDawq83M-00251-00089268-00089524": "she grew up in Tijuana and now lives in San Diego,", "fzkXDawq83M-00252-00089524-00090079": "and I say to her, \"Prisca, are you -- she has double citizenship --", "fzkXDawq83M-00253-00090079-00090368": "are you Mexican or are you US?", "fzkXDawq83M-00254-00090368-00090541": "What do you feel the most?\"", "fzkXDawq83M-00255-00090541-00091166": "And she says,\"Yeah, well, when I am in Tijuana I'm Mexican", "fzkXDawq83M-00256-00091166-00091568": "when I'm in San Diego I'm American.\"", "fzkXDawq83M-00257-00091568-00091773": "For some people it's not quite that equal.", "fzkXDawq83M-00258-00091773-00092034": "Some people are a little bit more one or the other,", "fzkXDawq83M-00259-00092034-00092336": "but this is a new form of citizenship.", "fzkXDawq83M-00260-00092336-00092868": "People that are equally comfortable in Tijuana and in San Diego,", "fzkXDawq83M-00261-00092868-00092998": "going back and forth", "fzkXDawq83M-00262-00092998-00093273": "they have in many cases dual citizenship,", "fzkXDawq83M-00263-00093273-00093510": "their children will have dual citizenship.", "fzkXDawq83M-00264-00093510-00093828": "This is going to grow, this is a growing phenomenon.", "fzkXDawq83M-00265-00094066-00094381": "The point about this, the point of the whole talk", "fzkXDawq83M-00266-00094381-00094786": "is that our future depends on these people.", "fzkXDawq83M-00267-00094786-00095117": "Our future as a prosperous region", "fzkXDawq83M-00268-00095117-00095335": "as a region that moves ahead", "fzkXDawq83M-00269-00095335-00095765": "and distinguishes itself depends on these people.", "fzkXDawq83M-00270-00095765-00096157": "We need these people to thrive.", "fzkXDawq83M-00271-00096157-00096400": "Some of them are not getting what they need,", "fzkXDawq83M-00272-00096400-00096660": "but we need to change that.", "fzkXDawq83M-00273-00096660-00097062": "There are people that don't speak Spanish or English very well.", "fzkXDawq83M-00274-00097062-00097573": "The technical term is \"partial bi-literates.\"", "fzkXDawq83M-00275-00097573-00097987": "These are people that illiterate in two languages.", "fzkXDawq83M-00276-00097987-00098460": "They need resources. Tthat's one part of this group.", "fzkXDawq83M-00277-00098460-00098824": "There is another part of this group that is highly educated,", "fzkXDawq83M-00278-00098824-00099149": "highly accomplished and moves back and forth.", "fzkXDawq83M-00279-00099149-00099508": "This is our new society, this is the future of the border region", "fzkXDawq83M-00280-00099508-00099937": "and I think we all should do what we can to support this and make it grow", "fzkXDawq83M-00281-00099937-00100262": "from whatever perspective we are working and operating.", "fzkXDawq83M-00282-00100262-00100377": "Thank you.", "fzkXDawq83M-00283-00100377-00100590": "(Applause)"}}, {"audio_id": "fzuAu5gv2Tg", "text": {"fzuAu5gv2Tg-00000-00000800-00001104": "Hi students, I just want to share my garden with you", "fzuAu5gv2Tg-00001-00001296-00001496": "So I have two little boxes", "fzuAu5gv2Tg-00002-00001542-00001807": "Here i'm going to get a third one, but I don't have it yet", "fzuAu5gv2Tg-00003-00001919-00002127": "And here these are all peppers", "fzuAu5gv2Tg-00004-00002200-00002608": "So if you can see here, I have I don't know if it's going to come in but there are some nice size", "fzuAu5gv2Tg-00005-00002648-00002824": "green peppers there", "fzuAu5gv2Tg-00006-00002824-00003400": "These are like jalapeno peppers and serrano peppers. This is a little basil plant", "fzuAu5gv2Tg-00007-00003455-00003655": "This is lettuce which I just planted", "fzuAu5gv2Tg-00008-00003784-00004384": "This is my thai basil which is doing very very nicely some more lettuce over there", "fzuAu5gv2Tg-00009-00004696-00005409": "More many many peppers over here and then this box we just pulled the kale out and this is broccoli", "fzuAu5gv2Tg-00010-00005584-00006015": "And there's some peppers there some peppers here", "fzuAu5gv2Tg-00011-00006157-00006479": "Basil here and peppers over there", "fzuAu5gv2Tg-00012-00006608-00007239": "This is my healthy tomato plant. It's like the only one that's healthy. The others are not doing so well", "fzuAu5gv2Tg-00013-00007343-00007601": "My little garden. Hope you like it. Bye", "fzuAu5gv2Tg-00014-00015247-00015447": "You"}}, {"audio_id": "fzuUH-pLkYI", "text": {"fzuUH-pLkYI-00001-00001380-00001580": "Mommy and Daddy tuck you in with a kiss every night. What do you say? Good night! I love you!", "fzuUH-pLkYI-00002-00002580-00002780": "Mommy and Daddy tuck you in with a kiss every night. What do you say? Good night! I love you!"}}, {"audio_id": "fzD8_4eK9rk", "text": {"fzD8_4eK9rk-00000-00000050-00000134": "Greed.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00001-00000134-00000225": "Avarice.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00002-00000225-00000316": "Envy.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00003-00000316-00000866": "These are but some of the words that I would use to describe most people in 2018 society.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00004-00000866-00001136": "Money has become the be-all and end-all.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00005-00001136-00001604": "In my circle of friends and acquaintances, the desire for more money is what is driving", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00006-00001604-00001714": "most of them.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00007-00001714-00002220": "Despite this insatiable hunger to get more money, I know very few people who are actually", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00008-00002220-00002424": "any good at managing their wealth.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00009-00002424-00002942": "Most people I know get paid on a Wednesday, then have almost nothing left by the weekend.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00010-00002942-00003324": "It’s not that they’re bad people — it’s just that they have lost any ability to actually", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00011-00003324-00003474": "save for the future.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00012-00003474-00003860": "And this is exactly what our capitalist society has demanded of them.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00013-00003860-00004124": "There are so many ways to get credit nowadays.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00014-00004124-00004780": "With buy-now-pay-later services such as AfterPay, easy access to credit cards (even supermarkets", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00015-00004780-00005378": "are spruiking them nowadays), personal loans, car loans, mortgages — it’s easier than", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00016-00005378-00005520": "ever to borrow money.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00017-00005520-00005880": "But because of all this, people are forever paying off debt.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00018-00005880-00006288": "When they get paid on Wednesday, most of their money is immediately whisked off to the money", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00019-00006288-00006520": "lenders before they even have a chance to see it.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00020-00006520-00006636": "And what for?", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00021-00006636-00006854": "Why do people get into so much debt?", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00022-00006854-00007188": "It all comes back to the starting three words of this video.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00023-00007188-00007270": "Greed.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00024-00007270-00007364": "Avarice.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00025-00007364-00007456": "Envy.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00026-00007456-00007644": "People don’t want to wait anymore.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00027-00007644-00008142": "People can see that their neighbour has a new car, so they want one too — right now!", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00028-00008142-00008636": "The idea of saving for six months, or a year, is beyond most people’s capacity.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00029-00008636-00008890": "Patience has become a lost virtue.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00030-00008890-00009122": "It’s not that these people don’t have an income.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00031-00009122-00009634": "Most people I know have a fairly decent income, but they’re still living paycheck to paycheck.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00032-00009634-00009940": "They complain that they don’t have enough money in their bank accounts.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00033-00009940-00010242": "They complain that the prices of groceries have gone up.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00034-00010242-00010698": "But yet they’ve got a new car out in the driveway, a $600 fan heater in their living", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00035-00010699-00011283": "room, a $900 cyclonic vacuum cleaner hanging on the wall, and endless amounts of toys in", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00036-00011283-00011449": "their children’s bedrooms.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00037-00011449-00011840": "Actually, we live in a time when everything is cheap — historically speaking.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00038-00011840-00011946": "Food is cheap!", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00039-00011946-00012078": "TVs are cheap!", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00040-00012078-00012208": "Clothes are cheap!", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00041-00012208-00012578": "But yet most of us are in massive debt — especially Australians.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00042-00012578-00012816": "What has the world come to where this is the norm?", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00043-00012816-00013319": "Why is it okay for a person to have three or four different credit cards all maxed out?", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00044-00013319-00013610": "The rich capitalists and financiers love it.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00045-00013610-00013778": "They don’t have to do anything anymore.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00046-00013778-00014062": "They can just sit back and watch the money roll in.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00047-00014062-00014302": "I’m not trying to take anything away from them.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00048-00014302-00014687": "They’ve found their niche in society where they can profit from people’s innate desire", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00049-00014687-00014858": "to keep up with the Joneses.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00050-00014858-00015146": "Of course, the whole system is dependent on debt.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00051-00015146-00015502": "Without debt, the whole economy would come crashing down.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00052-00015502-00015945": "Despite people’s lavish lifestyles — which they actually don’t consider lavish anymore", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00053-00015945-00016362": "because everyone else is doing it — they always say that they want more.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00054-00016362-00016640": "“If only I had a million dollars, then everything would be better!”.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00055-00016640-00017016": "“If only I had a better job, then I’d be able to buy a bigger house!”.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00056-00017016-00017408": "But I think we all know what would happen if these people suddenly won a million dollars", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00057-00017408-00017574": "— it would all be wasted!", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00058-00017574-00017948": "Do you really think that a person who is up to their eyeballs in debt would suddenly become", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00059-00017948-00018260": "financially literate because they now have more money?", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00060-00018260-00018360": "Of course not!", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00061-00018360-00018554": "They would spend it until it’s all gone.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00062-00018554-00018812": "I doubt even most people would pay off their debts.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00063-00018812-00019222": "Maybe I’m being a bit harsh, but from the people I’ve experienced, paying off debt", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00064-00019222-00019504": "is usually the last thing on people’s minds.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00065-00019504-00019923": "They’d much rather be able to show off a new house or a luxury car than do something", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00066-00019923-00020180": "smart like paying off their credit card debt.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00067-00020180-00020370": "I’ve seen it time and time again.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00068-00020370-00020672": "To them, paying off a debt is like an invisible act.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00069-00020672-00021100": "If they spend $50000 paying off debts, they feel like they’ve got absolutely nothing", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00070-00021100-00021208": "to show for it.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00071-00021208-00021526": "A $50000 car — wow, that’s something!", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00072-00021526-00021878": "A $50000 mortgage repayment — boring!", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00073-00021878-00022340": "Many people, especially people who don’t know me well, confuse me for a poor person.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00074-00022340-00022732": "They think that I must have very little income and very little savings, because I don’t", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00075-00022732-00023096": "have an expensive car, and I live in a small, rented flat.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00076-00023096-00023372": "But for some reason, I just don’t care what people think.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00077-00023372-00023760": "I’d rather be living in a small flat than up to my eyeballs in debt.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00078-00023760-00024270": "If you have debt, you are a slave — a modern day, capitalist slave.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00079-00024270-00024612": "What’s worse though, is that your slave master didn’t buy you.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00080-00024612-00025094": "You voluntarily walked into the slave pens and shackled yourself into a cage.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00081-00025094-00025528": "I didn’t want to be a slave, so I paid off all my debts and became financially free.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00082-00025528-00025854": "Yeah sure, I still have to work — not much mind you.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00083-00025854-00026204": "I still have to pay bills and send children to swimming lessons.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00084-00026204-00026406": "But I don’t have to pay the bloody bank.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00085-00026406-00026797": "I don’t have to pay them back at their exorbitant interest rates because I couldn’t wait two", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00086-00026798-00027027": "months to save up for a new TV.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00087-00027027-00027192": "Actually, they pay me.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00088-00027192-00027644": "Any money that I have saved, they pay me interest — not much mind you, but at least it’s", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00089-00027644-00027864": "money flowing in my direction.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00090-00027864-00028045": "I see people who gamble every week.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00091-00028045-00028483": "They throw their money down the pokies, or try to win it big at they next horse race.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00092-00028483-00028924": "They justify their actions by convincing themselves that if they just win a hundred thousand dollars,", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00093-00028924-00029302": "or a millions dollars, they’ll quit gambling and live the good life.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00094-00029302-00029706": "But do you really think that a poor gambler would stop gambling when they become rich?", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00095-00029706-00029800": "Of course not!", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00096-00029800-00030180": "They’d see an opportunity to make even more money, and then lose the lot.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00097-00030180-00030374": "Just look at most lottery winners.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00098-00030374-00031186": "Back in 2002, Andrew Jackson Whittaker Jr. won $US114 million in the national Powerball.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00099-00031186-00031650": "He had it all, but he went to strip clubs, bought people houses, had large amounts of", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00100-00031650-00032170": "money stolen from his car, lost his wife, and had people try to drug him and rob him.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00101-00032170-00032608": "His granddaughter became addicted to crack cocaine and was handing out wads of cash to", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00102-00032608-00032990": "any boys who would show her the attention that she desperately craved.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00103-00032990-00033354": "She ended up dying from a drug overdose in 2004.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00104-00033354-00033726": "90% of lottery winners lose the lot in the first 12 months.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00105-00033726-00033830": "It makes sense.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00106-00033830-00034208": "If the average person is willing to get into huge debt when they only have a fairly average", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00107-00034208-00034626": "income, then what would change if they suddenly had a large cash windfall?", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00108-00034626-00034852": "They would still have their same bad habits.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00109-00034852-00035206": "They would still set out to impress their friends and neighbours by buying more and", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00110-00035206-00035372": "more material goods.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00111-00035372-00035646": "The money would just disappear like it always has.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00112-00035646-00036017": "So if you really want to become “rich”, the best thing you can do is stop getting", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00113-00036018-00036110": "into debt.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00114-00036110-00036310": "Actively avoid credit cards.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00115-00036310-00036578": "Paying off your loans should be your top priority.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00116-00036578-00036940": "Stop borrowing money for things that will ultimately lose value.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00117-00036940-00037303": "The phrase that I currently see going around on the Internet at the moment is, “Don’t", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00118-00037304-00037668": "invest in things that rust, rot, and depreciate”.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00119-00037668-00037906": "A new car will eventually become worthless.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00120-00037906-00038100": "A TV set will become old.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00121-00038100-00038362": "Luxury clothes will become unfashionable.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00122-00038362-00038570": "Don’t waste your money buying rubbish.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00123-00038570-00038888": "Nobody cares if you drive a Lexus or a Yaris.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00124-00038888-00039372": "The only people who care are the bank mangers who get a bigger commission from your stupidity.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00125-00039372-00039610": "The wealthiest people in the world are not doctors.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00126-00039610-00039826": "The wealthiest people are not technicians.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00127-00039826-00040092": "The wealthiest people in the world are investors.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00128-00040092-00040547": "They’ve learnt that saving money and investing is a far better way to wealth than getting", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00129-00040548-00040850": "into debt and splurging on luxury cars.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00130-00040850-00041050": "You can be a slave to money if you want to.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00131-00041050-00041428": "You can get yourself into debt and spend the rest of your life paying it off.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00132-00041428-00041868": "You can stick all your money down the poker machines hoping to get the next “big win”.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00133-00041868-00042290": "Or, you can wake up and stop pretending that people around you really give a shit about", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00134-00042290-00042434": "your material possessions.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00135-00042434-00042554": "Nobody cares.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00136-00042554-00042730": "You’re only hurting yourself.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00137-00042730-00043040": "“Break free of the shackles my enslaved friends.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00138-00043040-00043246": "You are the master of your destiny.", "fzD8_4eK9rk-00139-00043246-00043696": "Only when you have nothing will you realise the value of anything”."}}, {"audio_id": "fzUZv7lcQwU", "text": {"fzUZv7lcQwU-00000-00000003-00000401": "these will now be the supreme manager eggs these will be the oppressed working", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00001-00000401-00000762": "class eggs. I give it less than three generations until there's a socialist", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00002-00000762-00001718": "revolution. Okay, now can we separate the… eggs…the whites from the yolks?", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00003-00001718-00002324": "We will have a class-stratisfied s… we will have a class-stratified society with our eggs, dammit!", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00004-00002324-00002838": "She said separate the eggs, so we're going to have a class-stratified society with the eggs.", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00005-00002838-00004888": "those that own the means of production and those that use the means of production. Political revolution!", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00006-00004888-00005182": "Lena: Close but no cigar Pierpaolo: What are you trying to… crack the egg open on the…", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00007-00005700-00006398": "Hugo: It's all right; I'm not going to crack the egg on any of your furniture… apart from the table!", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00008-00006398-00006886": "Angela: Let's just juggle eggs for the rest of the evening, shall we?", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00009-00006886-00007150": "A: Put the white of the egg in that bowl.", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00010-00007150-00007592": "H: Are you being racist against eggs? We're not gonna do it in a class", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00011-00007593-00007997": "Society no no no we're going to do it in a racial method because that's the kind", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00012-00007997-00008394": "of egg…that's the kind of sweet making we're doing these days.", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00014-00008670-00009306": "There, see, white egg, yellow egg. Hope you're happy now. [laughs]", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00015-00009306-00010072": "A: You can explain what you're doing in Swedish L: I could just say whatever I like; you'll have no idea.", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00016-00010072-00010532": "A: Exactly, and then we'll add subtitles that say something completely different!", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00019-00012590-00012850": "You might wanna fast-forward this bit", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00020-00013206-00013447": "A: Now you have to speak Italian P: okay [speaks Italian]", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00023-00015576-00016178": "A: I'm probably gonna be the one that will mess up. Hello!", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00025-00016406-00017362": "I'm all nervous now.", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00026-00017362-00018076": "I've got egg yolk…egg white all over my fingers and fingers all over the egg yolk… egg white", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00027-00019080-00019280": "P: This is the most ridiculous thing… A: I'm gonna wash my hands", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00029-00019958-00020192": "Exactly what he said.", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00030-00020250-00020906": "If they don't form themselves into soft peaks, try whipping them instead. If the whips don't work then may wish to", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00031-00020907-00021225": "invest yourselves in better egg whites.", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00032-00021356-00021852": "If your eggwhites continue to scream, don't worry, that will stop soon enough.", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00033-00021852-00022320": "[sounds of screaming]", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00034-00022320-00022552": "H: What did you say about my mother?!", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00035-00022552-00022851": "H: Look, just because my mother was an eggwhite", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00036-00022851-00023372": "It signifies nothing! I'm not trying to make my mother into dessert!", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00037-00023372-00023652": "My mother wasn't sweet! She was savoury!", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00038-00023652-00023880": "[sounds of screaming]", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00039-00023880-00024282": "H: Looks like a peak. Is it soft?", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00040-00024282-00024738": "H: It doesn't appear to be hard. A: That's what she said.", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00041-00024738-00025852": "A: We need 3/4 of a cup of sugar. But do NOT put it straight into there. We're going to add it very gradually, one dessert spoon at a time, while", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00042-00025852-00026361": "continuing to beat the whites into submission. H: I would like to quantify this as 1/3 of", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00043-00026361-00026811": "a cup first. A: 3/4 of a cup.", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00044-00026811-00027398": "H: if we have a standard issue cup. We could use this asa standard issue measuring cup but if we do this then we will get diabetes.", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00045-00027398-00028520": "H: …times 1.5 it's… what's 62.5… 170… I can't count. 187.5. P: also because it's midnight, so…", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00046-00028520-00029277": "A: we just got a normal cup and estimate H: we could, but well, I mean, this is 50, right, so…", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00048-00030701-00031485": "A: 62.5? No. That's not right. P: 187.5 H: so it means we need one, two, three of", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00049-00031485-00032133": "these plus maybe half…", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00050-00032133-00032702": "L: Whatever you do, don't put in too much sugar, all right? P: It's 3.75 A: There is no such thing as too much sugar!", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00051-00032702-00033129": "P: If this is 50, then it's 3.75. 50.", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00052-00033129-00033684": "H: yeah so this… this is… P: 3.75 L: It should be… it's a decilitre mug, so it", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00053-00033684-00034227": "should be 100 milliliters I don't know why it says 50. H: So it should be 100mL", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00054-00034227-00034878": "this makes life so much more complicated! Right, okay, so we need… L: It's 1dL, so, 50 is here, that's", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00055-00034878-00035856": "half of it. H: oh! L: I would have thought. Methinks. Yeah but that's that's 1/4dL", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00056-00035856-00036630": "that's half than three-quarters and that's the full. H: Oh yeah, you fill it up to the top!", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00057-00036630-00037290": "L: yeah, and that's one. You with me? H: Not really, but I'll take your word on it.", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00058-00037290-00038242": "L: Just put lots of sugar in it. It'll be fine. H: This is what a day's worth of sugar has done to us so far. Are you really sure on that?", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00059-00039766-00040370": "it's eighty seven point five percent of this thing full that's lips one and the", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00060-00040371-00041675": "last one was less than one so I'm going to roll with that very gradually yes", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00061-00041675-00042316": "when the third spring at a time beating the innocence balloons and", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00062-00042316-00042766": "unless offender by helper cup than someone else thank you", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00063-00042766-00043174": "we're gonna have to figure out exactly how much a dessert spoon is and", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00064-00043174-00049194": "milliliters huh thankfully the great Soviet revolution will not fail", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00065-00049215-00050195": "otherwise the counter the anti-bolshevik in the Russian Civil War", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00066-00050195-00051166": "pay for this moron", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00067-00054497-00055062": "they have a fight follow my sister assuming your son", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00068-00055062-00055919": "hello dear brothers there shall be mighty and give great bounty", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00069-00055919-00057058": "no can I make a pastor from joining to let a little water on come home see", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00070-00062319-00069301": "at this point we're looking for an elephant draw pinch of salt pinch of", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00071-00069301-00070135": "salt well beat yes", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00072-00071268-00072109": "my rose I needed hope Harry what's robsons", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00073-00072109-00072640": "I actually taught me how to be a vampire no I told me how to be a better man", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00074-00072640-00073099": "taught me how to beat someone proper first start you have to make sure it's", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00075-00073099-00073570": "not up wound so in worst thing about rubbing salt in wounds is you rub the", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00076-00073570-00073809": "salt in", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00077-00094336-00094723": "it is glossy I don't have it stands when cut with a knife", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00078-00094723-00096229": "thank you know how much we've beaten it I suspect oh let's go ahead and know the", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00079-00096229-00097876": "other way of testing it does anybody want to volunteer all right we just put", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00080-00097876-00098144": "it in ya", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00081-00098647-00099283": "it works w watching TV show usually have like a chef or gay Rosaline chef is it", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00082-00099283-00099522": "done yet", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00083-00099654-00100305": "so now we need some baking paper oh we're supposed to pay you the other crap", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00084-00100884-00101431": "now they say you're supposed to draw a circle about eight inches in diameter", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00085-00101431-00103624": "versus 23 centimeters put it all in the middle and a big pile and and describe", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00086-00103624-00104056": "what you're doing Swedish or or make up some jokes about us in Swedish we wear", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00087-00104056-00105394": "now you must connect the correct positioning and placement the artistic", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00088-00105394-00107215": "value of the meringue with all about making it complicated", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00089-00107215-00107944": "um well the rescue the recipe I have says to make it concave in the middle my", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00090-00107944-00108292": "mother it says to make it from baked so I usually make it flash and draw a", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00091-00108292-00108849": "smiley face and it seems to work as long as they often miss the right temperature", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00092-00108849-00109282": "you can do what you want but probably not like that make it at least sort of a", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00093-00109282-00109764": "circular I'm still skating", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00094-00110126-00110332": "you", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00095-00113513-00113867": "and we will leave it in there for an hour", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00096-00113867-00115863": "actually we leave it in there all night so don't turn it off it's supposed to be", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00097-00115863-00116214": "in the center of the oven Faramir correctly I'm not even", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00098-00116214-00118081": "consulting the recipe anymore and now I play glue for an hour yeah", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00099-00124151-00124816": "maybe it may be", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00100-00133422-00136443": "very light yes it means me at bad I go climbing with the Finnish guy and", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00101-00136443-00138484": "enthusiastic going to extreme places and demanding so yeah things like people", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00102-00138484-00140005": "ironing guy downwind boarding any strapped and ironing boards there's not", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00103-00140005-00140244": "a balloon", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00104-00141589-00141978": "mechanized wall that the Americans have had in ages I like really ponder over", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00105-00141978-00142374": "lifting their training are going so they have this thing they like versatile", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00106-00142374-00143388": "driving tanks some tanks like the other people and they have cases of fire", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00107-00147517-00148201": "every second relevant is is well say every stupid funny thing", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00108-00148252-00149189": "it's gonna be self deciding what goes in the outtakes and doing this okay hunting", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00109-00149189-00150398": "for the brewery oh we've hidden the body well so please don't they help my man", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00110-00150398-00150782": "shit shit Cindy got some ways because this is fit Leslie it's cut its cases", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00111-00150782-00151178": "Corey's I might actually know the lingo when it floats down so you can't see but", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00112-00151178-00151553": "it's too short too tight back all science ain't betting enjoy said hmm", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00113-00151553-00153460": "yeah will understand so now try it", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00114-00154835-00155396": "that's good oh it's like pasta with fries well it's only with pasta much", "fzUZv7lcQwU-00115-00155396-00156351": "more like yeah yum like"}}, {"audio_id": "fzZypsZlK70", "text": {"fzZypsZlK70-00000-00000000-00001584": "[Music] blackpink's debut in 2016 surpassed expectations from the start as Jennie Jisoo", "fzZypsZlK70-00001-00001584-00002170": "Lisa and Rose made their mark on the charts and in the hearts of their fans [Music]", "fzZypsZlK70-00002-00002334-00002904": "they are the first K-pop girl group to perform at Coachella and the most popular artists on YouTube", "fzZypsZlK70-00003-00002904-00003690": "with 83 million subscribers their long-awaited second album Born pink sold 2 million pre-orders", "fzZypsZlK70-00004-00003690-00004194": "in 2022 and their born Pink tour has already sold out stadiums around the world", "fzZypsZlK70-00005-00004296-00004770": "blackpink's dedicated fans are known as blinks the group stays connected", "fzZypsZlK70-00006-00004770-00005118": "directly to their fans through social media and offline events", "fzZypsZlK70-00007-00005184-00005736": "Brands loved blackpink too they are each ambassadors for high-end fashion houses and", "fzZypsZlK70-00008-00005736-00006498": "luxury Jewelers and they serve as United Nations sustainable development goals Advocates yourself", "fzZypsZlK70-00009-00006612-00007140": "it's clear that blackpink is more than a K-Pop group they've become a global", "fzZypsZlK70-00010-00007140-00007728": "brand of their own and in 2022 they are times Entertainer of the Year [Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "f-0a4YkAMI8", "text": {"f-0a4YkAMI8-00000-00000003-00000263": "Čau", "f-0a4YkAMI8-00001-00000994-00001562": "Ahoj, Dobrý den. Hello people of the video and welcome back to my channel", "f-0a4YkAMI8-00002-00001562-00002135": "It is me, Amarisa and today I'm gonna be getting my braces off. I kinda gotta film this intro fast", "f-0a4YkAMI8-00003-00002135-00002525": "I have to leave soon. I'm sorry I have been not posting recently", "f-0a4YkAMI8-00004-00002525-00002993": "aHhHhH, it's like September was like finished quickly and then October just went like", "f-0a4YkAMI8-00005-00002993-00003640": "wHoOsH, and now it's November. Sorry I kind of ran out of ideas, but since I'm getting my braces off it's", "f-0a4YkAMI8-00006-00003640-00004246": "gonna be a good video. And I'm also gonna like take a photoshoot thing and take photos without my braces", "f-0a4YkAMI8-00007-00004250-00004484": "Elly: \"Ok, so, show them your mouth. sMiLe!\"", "f-0a4YkAMI8-00008-00004492-00004860": "We have to come back Thursday, or something, to get retainers", "f-0a4YkAMI8-00009-00004860-00005210": "Anyways, I just like got my braces off. I just feel like I look so weird!!", "f-0a4YkAMI8-00010-00005322-00005522": "sO wEiRd", "f-0a4YkAMI8-00011-00005604-00005804": "iT LoOkS sO tEEthY", "f-0a4YkAMI8-00012-00005952-00006372": "-oh, OH MY GOSH I LOOK SO WEIRD!! Anyways I'm going to go outside and take some photos with my sister.", "f-0a4YkAMI8-00013-00008076-00008336": "ShE's MaKiNg mE gO On tHe GrAsS!!", "f-0a4YkAMI8-00014-00010036-00010236": "Okay, thank you guys for watching, čau!", "f-0a4YkAMI8-00015-00010238-00011146": "WAIT FOR IT", "f-0a4YkAMI8-00016-00011264-00012256": "I look so weird, I LOOK SO WEIRD, I LOOK SO WEIRD, I look so- HAHAHA, I look soo weird. EHH I LoOk sO WeIrD."}}, {"audio_id": "f-0qMCHz31k", "text": {"f-0qMCHz31k-00000-00000000-00000086": "[MUSIC PLAYING]", "f-0qMCHz31k-00001-00000086-00000321": "MIKE MOURON: When Bob talked about naming something,", "f-0qMCHz31k-00002-00000321-00000624": "you know, after a person in your honor", "f-0qMCHz31k-00003-00000624-00000856": "that your university is bestowing on you,", "f-0qMCHz31k-00004-00000856-00000944": "I think that's right.", "f-0qMCHz31k-00005-00000944-00001371": "But what he failed to say is you should earn that right.", "f-0qMCHz31k-00006-00001371-00001901": "And Cathy and I purchased the right, but we didn't earn it.", "f-0qMCHz31k-00007-00001901-00002167": "But there are two people here who I think--", "f-0qMCHz31k-00008-00002167-00002312": "I'm getting choked up.", "f-0qMCHz31k-00009-00002312-00002802": "There are two people here who have earned that right.", "f-0qMCHz31k-00010-00002802-00003458": "And they're right over here, Margaret Stran", "f-0qMCHz31k-00011-00003458-00003561": "and Brent Hardin.", "f-0qMCHz31k-00012-00004297-00004769": "I give you the Stran-Hardin adapted athletic center.", "f-0qMCHz31k-00013-00004769-00005357": "[APPLAUSE]", "f-0qMCHz31k-00014-00005357-00005541": "BRENT HARDIN: I just want to say that I'm", "f-0qMCHz31k-00015-00005541-00005933": "really thankful for the opportunity to [INAUDIBLE]..", "f-0qMCHz31k-00016-00005933-00006319": "It's not something that Margaret and I have done.", "f-0qMCHz31k-00017-00006319-00007000": "It's something that has been a labor of love for, you know,", "f-0qMCHz31k-00018-00007000-00007225": "our own program, starting with our students,", "f-0qMCHz31k-00019-00007225-00007479": "from the very first students that were here", "f-0qMCHz31k-00020-00007479-00007766": "and our presidents and our administration.", "f-0qMCHz31k-00021-00007766-00008191": "It's just wonderful to be a part of something that feels bigger", "f-0qMCHz31k-00022-00008191-00008301": "than you.", "f-0qMCHz31k-00023-00008301-00008577": "And I think it's important to me that everybody realizes this", "f-0qMCHz31k-00024-00008577-00008652": "isn't--", "f-0qMCHz31k-00025-00008652-00008893": "this isn't a destination for us.", "f-0qMCHz31k-00026-00008893-00009230": "We didn't reach a finish line today.", "f-0qMCHz31k-00027-00009230-00009423": "This is just the beginning.", "f-0qMCHz31k-00028-00009423-00009732": "MARGARET STRAN: It's been an amazing journey and bigger", "f-0qMCHz31k-00029-00009732-00009878": "than I ever imagined.", "f-0qMCHz31k-00030-00009878-00010415": "And you all have helped us to become more than I ever", "f-0qMCHz31k-00031-00010415-00010609": "thought that we could do.", "f-0qMCHz31k-00032-00010609-00010901": "And I want to say thank you to all of you.", "f-0qMCHz31k-00033-00010901-00011203": "And I usually don't cry, but--", "f-0qMCHz31k-00034-00011203-00011469": "you too.", "f-0qMCHz31k-00035-00011469-00011965": "So thank you for believing in our dream and growing our dream", "f-0qMCHz31k-00036-00011965-00012234": "and furthering our dream.", "f-0qMCHz31k-00037-00012234-00012617": "And I would encourage you and implore", "f-0qMCHz31k-00038-00012617-00013026": "to, when you leave here, make new dreams for other people", "f-0qMCHz31k-00039-00013026-00013566": "because we can build more if we're committed to it.", "f-0qMCHz31k-00040-00013566-00013716": "So, thank you.", "f-0qMCHz31k-00041-00013716-00014201": "[APPLAUSE]"}}, {"audio_id": "f-3EKbz02ky", "text": {"f-3EKbz02ky-00000-00000300-00000900": "Atlantis Kids Cafe Songdo 5th floor of Ara Plaza, 42 Convensia Boulevard 230beon-gil, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon"}}, {"audio_id": "f-scgpKyqBy", "text": {"f-scgpKyqBy-00000-00000055-00000304": "Hello and welcome to the deep space!", "f-scgpKyqBy-00001-00000304-00000822": "Today we're gonna try from Adwaita 3 to Adwaita 4 wannabe theme, like that.", "f-scgpKyqBy-00002-00000822-00001286": "Which might be beneficial for the apps that haven't been ported yet to GTK4.", "f-scgpKyqBy-00003-00001350-00001769": "This is a non-official GNOME project, and you'll find everything on this repository", "f-scgpKyqBy-00004-00001769-00001893": "on Github!", "f-scgpKyqBy-00005-00002021-00002574": "Of course, by apps that haven't been ported yet to GTK4, we mostly mean Files,", "f-scgpKyqBy-00006-00002574-00002919": "that the port has been moved for the GNOME 43 release.", "f-scgpKyqBy-00007-00002919-00003472": "Either case, that is the GTK4 port from main branch, and try to memorize the visuals so", "f-scgpKyqBy-00008-00003472-00003796": "you can compare with the GTK3 build later.", "f-scgpKyqBy-00009-00003864-00004166": "Keep on mind, that isn't just a theme change!", "f-scgpKyqBy-00010-00004166-00004526": "There is a whole new different rendering engine under the hood.", "f-scgpKyqBy-00011-00004687-00005101": "And the same moves but with Files on GTK 3 and Adwaita 4 theme.", "f-scgpKyqBy-00012-00005180-00005597": "And the first issue already, with background not rendering the correct color,", "f-scgpKyqBy-00013-00005597-00005823": "so I will close the second tab.", "f-scgpKyqBy-00014-00006042-00006499": "And obviously we don't have the super awesome GTK4 context menus either,", "f-scgpKyqBy-00015-00006499-00006752": "and the theme can't do anything about that!", "f-scgpKyqBy-00016-00006870-00007200": "And some more bugs with \"Create\" button been wrongly as active,", "f-scgpKyqBy-00017-00007200-00007486": "but such problems will be easy to get fixed.", "f-scgpKyqBy-00018-00007576-00008052": "In reality the theme is so unbelievable good, that there were cases I was getting confused", "f-scgpKyqBy-00019-00008052-00008416": "if I was using GTK4 or GTK3.", "f-scgpKyqBy-00020-00008595-00009052": "Finally, that's the default GNOME theme for GTK3 apps!", "f-scgpKyqBy-00021-00009052-00009613": "And if you're wondering why GNOME didn't update the GTK3 theme to match the Adwaita visuals,", "f-scgpKyqBy-00022-00009613-00010079": "first because it would be time wasted to support legacy apps, but most important think of all", "f-scgpKyqBy-00023-00010079-00010565": "this effort of application developers to recheck their current apps with the new graphics.", "f-scgpKyqBy-00024-00010672-00011162": "Other components of great importance is obviously the Terminal, aka Console,", "f-scgpKyqBy-00025-00011162-00011352": "till that moves to GTK4.", "f-scgpKyqBy-00026-00011438-00011749": "The file picker totally belongs to the list!", "f-scgpKyqBy-00027-00011923-00012154": "And not to forget the window decorations,", "f-scgpKyqBy-00028-00012154-00012473": "because unfortunately not every app has cool headerbars!"}}, {"audio_id": "f-EVG0fmotA", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "f-H_W8tPriM", "text": {"f-H_W8tPriM-00000-00000000-00000300": "Welcome to the Spoken tutorial on LibreOffice Base.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00001-00000400-00000600": "In this tutorial, we will learn how to", "f-H_W8tPriM-00002-00000700-00000800": "Create a Subform", "f-H_W8tPriM-00003-00000900-00001400": "For this, let us continue with our familiar Library database example.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00004-00001500-00001700": "And we will consider the following case:", "f-H_W8tPriM-00005-00001800-00002100": "How can we list all the members of the library?", "f-H_W8tPriM-00006-00002200-00003000": "And for each member, how can we see only those books that have not yet been returned by that member?", "f-H_W8tPriM-00007-00003100-00003500": "One way is to create a form listing all the members in the library", "f-H_W8tPriM-00008-00003600-00004300": "And then creating a subform below it, to list those books that have not yet been returned by the member.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00009-00004400-00004800": "Once we design this form, we will be able to update the form.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00010-00004900-00005400": "For example, when a member returns a book, we can update this information.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00011-00005500-00006000": "And, here is a sample screenshot of the form we will design.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00012-00006100-00006500": "Notice it also shows a subform at the bottom.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00013-00006600-00006800": "Lets open our Library database.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00014-00006900-00007600": "In our previous tutorials, we created the ‘History of Books Issued to Members’ query.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00015-00007700-00008400": "Now we will use this query and the members table as the base for creating our new form.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00016-00008500-00009300": "Let us first copy this query, by right clicking on the query name, and then let us click on paste.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00017-00009400-00010100": "In the popup window for query name, let us type in a new name: ‘Books Not Returned’", "f-H_W8tPriM-00018-00010200-00010700": "Let us now open the ‘Books Not Returned’ query in edit mode.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00019-00010800-00011700": "In the Query Design window, let us add a criterion to show only those books that are not checked in.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00020-00011800-00012500": "For this, let us type ‘equals 0’ in the Criterion column under CheckedIn", "f-H_W8tPriM-00021-00012600-00012800": "And press Enter.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00022-00012900-00013200": "Let us now save the query and close the window.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00023-00013300-00013900": "In the main Base window, let us click on the Forms icon on the left panel", "f-H_W8tPriM-00024-00014000-00014400": "And then click on the ‘Use Wizard to create Form’ option.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00025-00014500-00014700": "Now we see the familiar Form wizard.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00026-00014800-00015300": "Let us go through the 8 steps on the left to create our form.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00027-00015400-00015900": "In step 1, field selection, let us choose ‘Table: Members’", "f-H_W8tPriM-00028-00016000-00016500": "Then let us move all the fields to the right side.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00029-00016600-00016800": "And let us click on the Next button.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00030-00016900-00017300": "We are in Step 2. Setup a subform.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00031-00017400-00017800": "So here, let us check the ‘Add subform’ checkbox,", "f-H_W8tPriM-00032-00017900-00018600": "And click on the option: ‘Subform based on manual selection of fields’.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00033-00018700-00019000": "Let us go to Step 3. Add subform fields.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00034-00019100-00019700": "Here we will call our new query which we designed a few minutes ago.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00035-00019800-00020500": "So let us choose ‘Query: Books Not Returned’ from the Tables or Queries dropdown.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00036-00020600-00021600": "And we will move selected fields from the available list to the right side as shown on the screen. &lt;pause&gt;", "f-H_W8tPriM-00037-00021700-00021800": "Click on Next.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00038-00021900-00022200": "Step 4. Get joined fields.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00039-00022300-00023200": "Here we will choose the MemberId field from the top two drop downs, as this is the only relating field.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00040-00023300-00023600": "And click on the Next button.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00041-00023700-00023900": "Step 5. Arrange Controls", "f-H_W8tPriM-00042-00024000-00024700": "Here we will choose the third option, Data sheet for both the form and the subform.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00043-00024800-00025000": "And click on the Next button.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00044-00025100-00025400": "Step 6. Set data entry.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00045-00025500-00026100": "Here, we will leave the options as they are and click on Next.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00046-00026200-00026500": "Step 7. Apply Styles.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00047-00026600-00026800": "Let us choose Grey as the form background.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00048-00026900-00027100": "And go to the final step.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00049-00027200-00027500": "Step 8. Set Name.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00050-00027600-00028400": "Here let us give a descriptive name to our form: ‘Members Who Need to Return Books’", "f-H_W8tPriM-00051-00028500-00029200": "And let us click on the Modify form option, as we are going to do some more changes.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00052-00029300-00029500": "Now lets click on the Finish button.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00053-00029600-00030300": "In the form design window, notice that there are two tabular data sheet areas.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00054-00030400-00031000": "The one above is called the form and the one below is called the subform.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00055-00031100-00031400": "Now, let us add a label above the form.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00056-00031500-00032400": "We will click on the Label icon in the Form Controls toolbar at the top, and draw it on the form.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00057-00032500-00033000": "Double clicking on the label, brings up its properties.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00058-00033100-00033600": "Here we will type ‘Members of the Library’ against label", "f-H_W8tPriM-00059-00033700-00034600": "And change the font style to Arial, Bold and Size 12.&lt;pause&gt;", "f-H_W8tPriM-00060-00034700-00035400": "Similarly, let us add a second label above the subform as shown on the screen", "f-H_W8tPriM-00061-00035500-00035900": "And call it ‘List of Books to be returned by the member’ &lt;pause&gt;", "f-H_W8tPriM-00062-00036000-00036600": "Next let us shorten the form’s length as shown on the screen", "f-H_W8tPriM-00063-00036700-00037200": "And then let us increase the length of the Name field in the form. &lt;pause&gt;", "f-H_W8tPriM-00064-00037300-00038000": "Similarly, let us lengthen the book title field in the subform.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00065-00038100-00038700": "Let us change the fonts here to Arial, Bold and Size 8.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00066-00038800-00039600": "And change the background color to white for the form and Blue 8 for the subform. &lt;pause&gt;", "f-H_W8tPriM-00067-00039700-00040600": "Next, let us hide the MemberId column by right clicking on it and choosing the Hide column option.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00068-00040700-00041300": "Okay, we are done. So let us save the form design and test it.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00069-00041400-00042200": "In the main Base window, let us open the ‘Members Who Need to Return Books’ form by double clicking on it.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00070-00042300-00042400": "There is the form.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00071-00042500-00043100": "Let us browse through the members, by either using the up or down arrow keys,", "f-H_W8tPriM-00072-00043200-00043500": "Or by simply clicking on the various member names.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00073-00043600-00044200": "Notice that the subform below refreshes and shows books to be returned.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00074-00044300-00044600": "In the subform, let us choose any record", "f-H_W8tPriM-00075-00044700-00046000": "and let us type in ‘12/7/11’ in the actual return date field and check the CheckedIn field", "f-H_W8tPriM-00076-00046100-00046400": "and press Enter.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00077-00046500-00047500": "Let us now refresh the form by clicking on the Refresh icon in the Form Navigation toolbar at the bottom.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00078-00047600-00048100": "Notice that the record we just edited is no longer listed here,", "f-H_W8tPriM-00079-00048200-00048600": "which means the book has been returned or checked in.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00080-00048700-00049000": "So there is our form with a subform.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00081-00049100-00049600": "This brings us to the end of this tutorial on Subforms in LibreOffice Base", "f-H_W8tPriM-00082-00049700-00049900": "To summarize, we learned how to:", "f-H_W8tPriM-00083-00050000-00050200": "Create a Subform", "f-H_W8tPriM-00084-00050300-00052300": "Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project, supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India. This project is co-ordinated by http://spoken-tutorial.org. More information on the same is available at the following link.", "f-H_W8tPriM-00085-00052400-00052900": "This script has been contributed by Priya Suresh, DesiCrew Solutions. And this is Soundharya, DesiCrew Solutions, signing off. Thanks for joining"}}, {"audio_id": "f-PKkzFV41Y", "text": {"f-PKkzFV41Y-00000-00000000-00000200": "Pesisir Sea Food", "f-PKkzFV41Y-00001-00000200-00000400": "Best sea Food Restaurant", "f-PKkzFV41Y-00002-00000400-00000600": "Fresh and affordable price", "f-PKkzFV41Y-00003-00000600-00000800": "Street food"}}, {"audio_id": "f-YttSLS2Bk", "text": {"f-YttSLS2Bk-00000-00002304-00002688": "Hi everybody, thanks for tuning in. In this video tutorial we're going to be talking", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00001-00002688-00003300": "about why multiple cameras are so important during your live streams and your events.", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00002-00003300-00003801": "We just got finished a live streaming festival this past weekend. We had we", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00003-00003801-00004187": "technically have three cameras if you include the drone that we were using, but", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00004-00004187-00004512": "we wish we had three pan tilt zoom cameras and I was under the impression", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00005-00004512-00005094": "that two pan tilt zoom cameras is is just enough because you've got one camera to", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00006-00005094-00005558": "zoom in, and then you can zoom into your next thing and you can fade in between those two,", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00007-00005559-00006018": "but after live streaming for six hours I realized that a third camera would have", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00008-00006018-00006309": "been awesome to have and I'm going to explain why,", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00009-00006309-00006893": "and obviously two cameras is better than one, three cameras is better than two, and then four", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00010-00006893-00007247": "cameras is better than three but I think four really gets to be a lot for", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00011-00007247-00007661": "especially for like a one man live streaming set up which is what we did.", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00012-00007661-00008088": "So I'm going to go ahead and show you guys some of the footage that we had, so", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00013-00008088-00008975": "this is our jam cam here, and what we did was we've got one wide angle shot there and", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00014-00008975-00009471": "then we've got our jam cam, which zooms into the person of interest. So whoever's", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00015-00009471-00010095": "soloing, whoever's singing, a place of interest so we've got our jam cam there, and", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00016-00010095-00010581": "what I realized after doing all of the the live stream, is that it would have", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00017-00010581-00011028": "been nice to have a third camera to fade in and out between multiple points of", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00018-00011028-00011636": "interest within the jam cam because we were able to capture maybe I'll get one", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00019-00011636-00011936": "more example here, I think this is a really good example.", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00020-00012068-00012732": "Let's go here. This example here so we've got the wide shot of the whole band, and", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00021-00012732-00013224": "then a zoomed in shot of the singer and what would have been really nice and see now we've got two", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00022-00013225-00013816": "singers here, so it would have been really nice to fade in and out with a", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00023-00013816-00014200": "third camera. Also you can see here that we have some drone footage that we", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00024-00014200-00014850": "captured, so that was technically acting as our third camera that's a live drone flying around in the background.", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00025-00014851-00015457": "So we were able to do a lot of really cool stuff, and if you're interested in live streaming drones, we can", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00026-00015457-00015862": "there we actually have a video on it, and we have a video on our entire setup", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00027-00015862-00016465": "which you can see kind of there in the Cabana there, of our two camera live", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00028-00016465-00016972": "streaming setup which included a drone, but I just think a third camera there", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00029-00016972-00017784": "would have been ideal, so that we could switch back and forth between our various zoomed-in views. So that is", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00030-00017785-00018109": "that's my thoughts on why multiple cameras are important, obviously two", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00031-00018109-00018640": "cameras allows you to switch in between them and fade in and out, but if you're", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00032-00018640-00019072": "going to do a picture in picture like we've done, that third camera allows you", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00033-00019072-00019456": "to have your background shot and then fade in between the two cameras in your", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00034-00019456-00019801": "picture in picture which I think looks super professional.", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00035-00019801-00020220": "I think we did a great job we even incorporated the drone,", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00036-00020220-00020557": "so we've got all of this documented for you guys if you're interested in live", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00037-00020557-00020917": "streaming you want to take your live streams to the next level,", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00038-00020917-00021238": "go ahead subscribe to our YouTube channel. We've got a ton of tips", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00039-00021238-00021775": "tricks and tutorials we got a free ebook below on plug and play live streaming, a", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00040-00021775-00022231": "lot of this technology is very affordable it's within reach and", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00041-00022231-00022612": "these are just some tips, some tips for multi-camera live streaming setups.", "f-YttSLS2Bk-00042-00022612-00022662": "Thanks everyone."}}, {"audio_id": "fAfa8f5r47u", "text": {"fAfa8f5r47u-00000-00000118-00000324": "Another type of energy financial derivative that", "fAfa8f5r47u-00001-00000324-00000536": "we're going to talk about is spread trading.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00002-00000536-00000938": "Spread trading can be used for outright speculative trading.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00003-00000938-00001153": "It can also be used as a hedging tool.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00004-00001590-00001898": "Spread trading is basically a technique that takes advantage", "fAfa8f5r47u-00005-00001898-00002215": "of the relative price movement between futures contracts.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00006-00002215-00002559": "It's the price difference, or the price relationship, that", "fAfa8f5r47u-00007-00002559-00002873": "we are primarily interested in, not necessarily the", "fAfa8f5r47u-00008-00002873-00003195": "absolute price of the futures contracts.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00009-00003195-00003546": "Arbitrage is the simultaneous purchase and sale of similar", "fAfa8f5r47u-00010-00003546-00003897": "or identical commodities in two different markets, in the", "fAfa8f5r47u-00011-00003897-00004213": "hopes of gaining a profit from the price difference.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00012-00004213-00004591": "Those who are using arbitrage techniques are generally,", "fAfa8f5r47u-00013-00004591-00004824": "again, your speculative traders.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00014-00004824-00005330": "Arbitrage is not normally used to put on a hedge position.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00015-00005330-00005513": "The margin requirements for spread trading are", "fAfa8f5r47u-00016-00005513-00005743": "considerably lower than the requirements on", "fAfa8f5r47u-00017-00005743-00005871": "single futures contracts.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00018-00005871-00006248": "If you recall from Lesson Seven, each of those energy", "fAfa8f5r47u-00019-00006248-00006656": "commodities, the year was a different margin requirement,", "fAfa8f5r47u-00020-00006656-00006851": "because you were dealing in the outright contracts", "fAfa8f5r47u-00021-00006851-00006956": "themselves.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00022-00006956-00007250": "In a spread trade, you're strictly dealing with the", "fAfa8f5r47u-00023-00007250-00007408": "price difference.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00024-00007408-00007612": "And also, that makes them less risky than", "fAfa8f5r47u-00025-00007612-00007747": "outright futures positions.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00026-00007747-00008091": "Again, your exposure is relative to the shift in the", "fAfa8f5r47u-00027-00008091-00008360": "price differential and not the individual", "fAfa8f5r47u-00028-00008360-00008682": "contract price changes.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00029-00008682-00008860": "There are two major types of spreads.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00030-00008860-00009157": "There's an inter-market and an intra-market.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00031-00009157-00009466": "In the inter-market spread, it's the simultaneous purchase", "fAfa8f5r47u-00032-00009466-00009816": "and sale of different but related commodities that have", "fAfa8f5r47u-00033-00009816-00010062": "a reasonable stable relationship to each other.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00034-00010062-00010264": "A few examples here.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00035-00010264-00010554": "A crack spread is the name given to the price difference", "fAfa8f5r47u-00036-00010554-00011254": "between raw crude oil and gasoline, in that crude oil is", "fAfa8f5r47u-00037-00011254-00011763": "cracked using chemicals, using steam and other ways to break", "fAfa8f5r47u-00038-00011763-00012073": "it down into the refined gasoline.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00039-00012073-00012396": "A spark spread is the price difference between natural gas", "fAfa8f5r47u-00040-00012396-00012640": "that's used to generate electricity.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00041-00012640-00013165": "The natural gas price and the power price converted to heat,", "fAfa8f5r47u-00042-00013165-00013688": "in terms of the MM BTU's basically represents the price", "fAfa8f5r47u-00043-00013688-00013969": "it would cost to generate electricity.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00044-00013969-00014130": "Heating oil versus gas oil.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00045-00014130-00014569": "Heating oil is a derivative of crude oil, and gas oil is a", "fAfa8f5r47u-00046-00014569-00014738": "further refined product.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00047-00014738-00015151": "So the price between these two can be traded", "fAfa8f5r47u-00048-00015151-00015326": "as a spread as well.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00049-00015326-00015701": "Then you have the New York Mercantile Exchange versus the", "fAfa8f5r47u-00050-00015701-00015844": "International Petroleum Exchange in", "fAfa8f5r47u-00051-00015844-00015988": "London crude oil spread.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00052-00015988-00016313": "There is a relationship there between the crude oil products", "fAfa8f5r47u-00053-00016313-00016566": "traded on both of those exchanges.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00054-00016566-00016843": "One other example is the frac spread.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00055-00016843-00017290": "In the lesson on midstream processing, processing plant", "fAfa8f5r47u-00056-00017290-00017699": "operators purchase natural gas, they process it and", "fAfa8f5r47u-00057-00017699-00018047": "produce natural gas liquids, such as ethane, propane,", "fAfa8f5r47u-00058-00018047-00018376": "butane, isobutane and natural gasolines.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00059-00018376-00018771": "Because they use a fractionation tower to produce", "fAfa8f5r47u-00060-00018771-00019086": "the refined products, the purity products, we give it", "fAfa8f5r47u-00061-00019086-00019209": "the nickname frac.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00062-00019209-00019560": "This is not to be confused with fracking, the completion", "fAfa8f5r47u-00063-00019560-00019997": "process for oil and natural gas wells.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00064-00019997-00020160": "Intra-market spreads.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00065-00020160-00020454": "They're also known as intra-commodity spreads.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00066-00020454-00020607": "One example is a time spread.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00067-00020607-00020863": "This is where you simultaneously purchase and", "fAfa8f5r47u-00068-00020863-00021283": "sell futures contracts for the same commodity in different", "fAfa8f5r47u-00069-00021283-00021404": "delivery months.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00070-00021404-00021753": "So as an example, one could purchase the October 2012", "fAfa8f5r47u-00071-00021753-00022210": "natural gas contract and then sell the January 2013 natural", "fAfa8f5r47u-00072-00022210-00022337": "gas contract.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00073-00022337-00022576": "This would represent a storage spread.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00074-00022576-00022905": "What you would do, in fact, if you were hedging is put the", "fAfa8f5r47u-00075-00022905-00023223": "October gas in the ground and withdraw it from storage in", "fAfa8f5r47u-00076-00023223-00023411": "January and sell it then.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00077-00023411-00023559": "We also have locational spreads.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00078-00023559-00023845": "This is a simultaneous purchase and sale of futures", "fAfa8f5r47u-00079-00023845-00024125": "contracts for different locations.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00080-00024125-00024486": "The WTI contract on the New York Mercantile Exchange, the", "fAfa8f5r47u-00081-00024486-00024708": "delivery point is Cushing, Oklahoma,", "fAfa8f5r47u-00082-00024708-00024871": "as previously mentioned.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00083-00024871-00025303": "And the Brent crude oil, which is traded on the IPE, the", "fAfa8f5r47u-00084-00025303-00025687": "delivery point there is North Sea.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00085-00025687-00026068": "Two general rules for spread trading, for those who are", "fAfa8f5r47u-00086-00026068-00026358": "speculative trading and hoping just to make money off of", "fAfa8f5r47u-00087-00026358-00026525": "price relationships.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00088-00026525-00026870": "Rule one is if the spreads are expected to narrow, one buys", "fAfa8f5r47u-00089-00026870-00027088": "low and sells high.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00090-00027088-00027407": "Rule two, if spreads are expected to widen, you buy", "fAfa8f5r47u-00091-00027407-00027674": "high and sell low.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00092-00027674-00028012": "Here's an example of an intra-market spread.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00093-00028012-00028489": "The NYMEX September contract for natural gas in 2012 at a", "fAfa8f5r47u-00094-00028489-00028752": "price of $2.80 on NYMEX.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00095-00028752-00029211": "January 2013 price for natural gas, $3.50.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00096-00029211-00029475": "If you think the spread is going to narrow, you will buy", "fAfa8f5r47u-00097-00029475-00029867": "the September $2.80 contract and you will sell the $3.50", "fAfa8f5r47u-00098-00029867-00030017": "January contract.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00099-00030017-00030112": "Why?", "fAfa8f5r47u-00100-00030112-00030588": "Because you expect, if the spread narrows, that the price", "fAfa8f5r47u-00101-00030588-00030845": "of the September contract will go up.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00102-00030845-00031155": "So what you've bought, you will sell at a higher price.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00103-00031155-00031486": "And you expect that the price of the January", "fAfa8f5r47u-00104-00031486-00031727": "contract will lessen.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00105-00031727-00031950": "Therefore, you will buy it back at a lower", "fAfa8f5r47u-00106-00031950-00032137": "price than the $3.50.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00107-00032137-00032519": "Conversely, if you think that the spread is going to widen,", "fAfa8f5r47u-00108-00032519-00032896": "you would sell the $2.80 and you would buy the $3.50.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00109-00032896-00033159": "Again, what would the rationale behind this be?", "fAfa8f5r47u-00110-00033159-00033427": "Well, if you expect it to widen, that means the price", "fAfa8f5r47u-00111-00033427-00033611": "differential is going to be larger than the", "fAfa8f5r47u-00112-00033611-00033824": "$0.70 that we see now.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00113-00033824-00034219": "So if it's going to widen and you've sold the $2.80, than in", "fAfa8f5r47u-00114-00034219-00034525": "order for the spread to widen, the September contract will", "fAfa8f5r47u-00115-00034525-00034804": "have to devalue, which means you'll buy it back at less", "fAfa8f5r47u-00116-00034804-00035184": "than $2.80 and make money on that side of the transaction.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00117-00035184-00035553": "And if the spread widens, you would also expect that the", "fAfa8f5r47u-00118-00035553-00035906": "$3.50 January contract would rise in value.", "fAfa8f5r47u-00119-00035906-00036093": "So having bought it, you'll be able to sell that", "fAfa8f5r47u-00120-00036093-00036218": "at a profit as well."}}, {"audio_id": "fAp3ghYdd5I", "text": {"fAp3ghYdd5I-00000-00000025-00000213": "Eric Green: Well, thank you Anastasia.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00001-00000213-00000916": "Let me actually start by giving a big thanks to Anastasia, who -- and her NIH team of people,", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00002-00000916-00001458": "the working group, for their hard work in this program, but also to -- in their most", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00003-00001458-00001816": "immediate work of setting up this important planning workshop.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00004-00001816-00002340": "So that's -- it's been very valuable to have a great NIH team at the helm, and they truly", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00005-00002340-00002725": "are terrific, and Anastasia's doing a terrific job at this.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00006-00002725-00003252": "I was asked to both welcome all of you, and I do welcome all of you to a Monday morning", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00007-00003252-00003352": "in Bethesda.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00008-00003352-00003514": "Or I guess we're technically in Rockville.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00009-00003514-00003921": "But and also to set a context and a little bit of history for the program, which I'm", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00010-00003921-00004834": "happy to do because I've been involved at least as a facilitator and a fan of the UDP", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00011-00004834-00005180": "UDN really for the better part of eight or more years.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00012-00005180-00005512": "Mostly with the person sitting to my left, Bill Gahl.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00013-00005512-00006203": "I would also tell you that the program has been administratively led by NHGRI almost", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00014-00006203-00006615": "from the beginning, and the institute has been delighted to do that and has been heavily", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00015-00006615-00007211": "involved in making sure that the intramural component and now the extramural component", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00016-00007211-00007559": "run smoothly, because we firmly believe in the mission of this program.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00017-00007559-00007917": "For those of you who may not fully appreciate the history, I don't want to go through too", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00018-00007917-00008288": "many details, but I was asked to give a little bit of this to set a context.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00019-00008288-00008684": "It didn't always exist; it didn't always exist as a common fund project.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00020-00008684-00009418": "It really came to be around 2008 actually at a time when the NIH clinical center within", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00021-00009418-00010013": "our intramural program was looking for ways to really take advantage of the outstanding", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00022-00010013-00010645": "infrastructure and the outstanding capabilities that the clinical center had, and actually", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00023-00010645-00011149": "Bill Gahl at that time started to recognize that there could be an opportunity for really", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00024-00011149-00011587": "using the clinical center more effectively, and basically got the support of the office", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00025-00011587-00011938": "of rare disease research, and then actually came and talked to me.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00026-00011938-00012289": "I was then the intramural director of the institute, and we said we should really bring", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00027-00012289-00012775": "something forward, we should try to do something along the lines of an Undiagnosed Diseases", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00028-00012775-00013175": "Program, although I don't think it was being called it quite that way at the time.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00029-00013175-00013709": "And we got more support from then institute director Francis Collins and then went to", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00030-00013709-00014138": "leadership of NIH at that time, Ellia Zerhooni [spelled phonetically], to see if this was", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00031-00014138-00014441": "something of interest to NIH leadership.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00032-00014441-00015033": "And it caught on as a pilot project within the intramural program, getting the name the", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00033-00015033-00015309": "Undiagnosed Diseases Program.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00034-00015309-00015854": "As I mentioned it was housed even starting then within NHGRI but it was really trans-NIH", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00035-00015854-00015959": "in nature.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00036-00015959-00016359": "But it was led by Bill but he increasingly picked up other people from across the NIH", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00037-00016359-00016695": "to help, especially in the NIH clinical center.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00038-00016695-00017245": "The pilot was largely regarded as incredibly successful by almost any metric, but it was", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00039-00017245-00017784": "a pilot, and it was actually on a short leash funding wise, although Ellia Zerhooni was", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00040-00017784-00018340": "incredibly helpful as he was literally leaving the NIH to give sufficient funds to keep it", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00041-00018340-00018549": "going as a pilot.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00042-00018549-00018973": "But the money was about to run out, and Bill recognized this, that it was very clear it", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00043-00018973-00019419": "had to continue, at least -- and actually our initial aim was to make sure it just stayed", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00044-00019419-00019855": "healthy and adequately funded within the intramural program.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00045-00019855-00020184": "And so Bill came to me to talk about what next.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00046-00020184-00020651": "At that point actually I was then the institute director in a different office, a different", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00047-00020651-00020798": "chair, a different venue.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00048-00020798-00021350": "But it was also very clear we needed to have a longer term financial stability and budgetary", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00049-00021350-00021559": "stability for the program.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00050-00021559-00022084": "So we started lots of conversations around the NIH about how best to keep this incredibly", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00051-00022084-00022290": "successful program going.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00052-00022290-00022753": "We found our way back to the NIH leadership, who at that point was then Francis Collins", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00053-00022753-00022898": "as the new NIH director.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00054-00022898-00023240": "And conversations took place, it eventually went in front of the institute and center", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00055-00023240-00023883": "directors, and the idea I think fairly spontaneously, and Jim Anderson, the head of the common fund", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00056-00023883-00024090": "sitting to my right, was at that meeting.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00057-00024090-00024511": "The idea was well, why don't we make this part of the NIH common fund and why don't", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00058-00024511-00024816": "we nationalize this in some fashion.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00059-00024816-00025448": "And that idea bubbled up spontaneously and I think was quickly embraced across the NIH", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00060-00025448-00025858": "by the institute and center directors and really the rest is history.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00061-00025858-00026658": "It then morphed in many ways, picking up even greater representation across the NIH as all", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00062-00026658-00026955": "common fund projects do.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00063-00026955-00027456": "We also picked up additional leadership partnership in the national institute of neurology -- neurological", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00064-00027456-00027563": "diseases and stroke.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00065-00027563-00028105": "And you're going to hear from Walter in a second about that.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00066-00028105-00028687": "And it's been I think incredibly remarkable how quickly this network has been set up,", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00067-00028687-00029314": "basically starting just with a nascent component, but a very strong one, within the intramural", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00068-00029314-00029756": "program, but then having to take on all the mechanical aspects of actually having extramural", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00069-00029756-00030331": "aspects of this as well, as is the case for almost all common fund programs.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00070-00030331-00030550": "And so that really is the story behind it.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00071-00030550-00030874": "I actually when I woke up this morning I was thinking what's an analogy I can make to how", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00072-00030874-00031283": "this history has been and I thought of the analogy of the movie The Wizard of Oz.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00073-00031283-00031681": "And it was working for awhile, because in many ways we've sort of gone around and have", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00074-00031681-00031983": "talked to people that have been -- go talk to here and get this, and then we've talked", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00075-00031983-00032269": "to people just turn levers and get -- make money appear.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00076-00032269-00032661": "And all of that analogy was working great until I realized that to make the story really", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00077-00032661-00032943": "effective, Bill was going to have to be Dorothy.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00078-00032943-00033387": "And I'm telling you, you didn’t want -- I've seen Bill in a dress once before, and it's", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00079-00033387-00033546": "really not pretty.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00080-00033546-00033858": "So it was not a -- so that's why I didn't go with that story, I just went straight with", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00081-00033858-00034007": "the facts.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00082-00034007-00034571": "So in terms of this workshop, I guess I would say these are important.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00083-00034571-00034875": "They're not purely symbolic.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00084-00034875-00035441": "On the one hand, a planning meeting like this is actually required in some fashion when", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00085-00035441-00035827": "thinking about a second phase of any common fund project.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00086-00035827-00036265": "So I think their aspect of this is we have to check a box off because what's the main", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00087-00036265-00036863": "focus of this meeting is thinking about the future, and in the case of common fund programs,", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00088-00036863-00037216": "they are -- they get an initial phase and then they could potentially renew for a second", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00089-00037216-00037677": "phase, and so the common fund will want to evaluate whether there's really robust future", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00090-00037677-00037883": "directions to justify a second phase.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00091-00037883-00038399": "So there's that aspect of it, but I actually want to really emphasize that these sorts", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00092-00038399-00039249": "of consortium as they grow up do absolutely benefit from gatherings like this that sort", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00093-00039249-00039625": "of take stock of how they're going, and then think about future directions.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00094-00039625-00040231": "I can tell you that at NHGRI where our extramural program has many consortium that we've run", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00095-00040231-00040744": "over the years starting with the human genome project but now probably many dozen or two", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00096-00040744-00041499": "or three, we have workshops like this at key moments in the history of programs and consortia", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00097-00041499-00041928": "because we realize how valuable it is to get people both involved and not directly involved", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00098-00041928-00042452": "in programs into a room, often in Bethesda or Rockville, and strategize for a day or", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00099-00042452-00042625": "two to help us think through it.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00100-00042625-00042969": "And they're always proved to be extremely valuable, and I'm sure today's meeting will", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00101-00042969-00043111": "be just the same.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00102-00043111-00043696": "And so again, we think this is very, very valuable for the UDN, and we appreciate all", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00103-00043696-00043799": "of you coming in.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00104-00043799-00044261": "We also recognize that this is very valuable for the community here about what's being", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00105-00044261-00044361": "discussed.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00106-00044361-00044632": "Towards that end, we are live video casting this.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00107-00044632-00045163": "In fact the NHGRI communications group sitting behind me who are terrific at their job are", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00108-00045163-00045619": "here live broadcasting this, but will also be video archiving the video of the day.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00109-00045619-00046092": "So -- and will be available forever and for people to access.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00110-00046092-00046606": "So that both -- remember that as you're talking, but also keep in mind, tell your colleagues.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00111-00046606-00047106": "I mean the point is there's a lot of interest in this program, both in the United States", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00112-00047106-00047509": "and abroad, and I would not be surprised if when we post this video, many people from", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00113-00047509-00048037": "around the world will watch in on this workshop to hear about what people gathered today had", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00114-00048037-00048539": "to say about the future of this kind of activity, because they'll be interested for their institutions", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00115-00048539-00048700": "and for their countries.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00116-00048700-00049003": "So with that I will turn this over to my good colleague Walter Koroshetz.", "fAp3ghYdd5I-00117-00049003-00049005": "[end of transcript]"}}, {"audio_id": "fA_0ImjR_j4", "text": {"fA_0ImjR_j4-00000-00000071-00000171": "Daniel MacArthur: Thanks very much.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00001-00000171-00000281": "Can people hear me in the back?", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00002-00000281-00000381": "Is this working okay?", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00003-00000381-00000481": "Just a little bit up?", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00004-00000481-00000581": "That's right.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00005-00000581-00000681": "Yeah, okay.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00006-00000681-00000781": "That's much better.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00007-00000781-00000881": "Right.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00008-00000881-00000981": "Thank you.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00009-00000981-00001183": "All right, so it's a great pleasure to be here today.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00010-00001183-00001818": "I wanted to spend my presentation today talking about the analyses we've been doing in individuals", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00011-00001818-00002088": "who -- as far as we know -- do not actually suffer from severe diseases.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00012-00002088-00002318": "So this is not a rare disease sequencing effort.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00013-00002318-00002692": "This is really about trying to collate information from as many people as possible who don't", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00014-00002692-00002975": "actually have severe diseases and see what we can learn from that effort.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00015-00002975-00003393": "And this is an effort that falls under the general umbrella of the Exome Aggregation", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00016-00003393-00003561": "Consortium, or ExAC.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00017-00003561-00004043": "So the fundamental idea behind everything that we do is that in order to make sense", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00018-00004043-00004521": "of the variants that we discover in any one patient's genome, we need to be able to interpret", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00019-00004521-00004770": "those variants within a population context.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00020-00004770-00005086": "So ideally what we'd like to be able to do is, for instance, in my lab, we study patients", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00021-00005086-00005296": "with rare neuromuscular diseases.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00022-00005296-00005581": "We'd like to be able to take every variant in one of those patients, look that up in", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00023-00005581-00005928": "everyone who's ever been sequenced anywhere in the world and just say, \"Has that variant", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00024-00005928-00006083": "ever been seen before?\"", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00025-00006083-00006528": "If so, how common is it in a variety of different populations, and do the carriers of that variant", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00026-00006528-00006961": "have any specific phenotype that resembles what we see in our patients?", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00027-00006961-00007298": "And in many ways, we live in a golden age for these types of studies.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00028-00007298-00007770": "We know worldwide somewhere north of a million genomes and exomes have been sequenced, or", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00029-00007770-00008040": "at least that's our best estimate of the current numbers out there.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00030-00008040-00008434": "So this is a phenomenal amount of data about the patterns of human genetic variation that,", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00031-00008434-00008609": "at least in theory we could access.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00032-00008609-00009024": "Now, in practice of course, everyone here knows that most of these data are largely", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00033-00009024-00009276": "inaccessible for a whole variety of different reasons.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00034-00009276-00009406": "There’s ethical constraints.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00035-00009406-00009875": "There are political reasons why people don't want to give up their data for the academic", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00036-00009875-00009996": "advantage or commercial advantage.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00037-00009996-00010259": "And, of course, there's also very mundane technical reasons.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00038-00010259-00010781": "It's hard to move large amounts of data around, and also critically, each of the projects", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00039-00010781-00011234": "generating these data tends to use their own slightly idiosyncratic pipeline for processing", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00040-00011234-00011334": "and culling the variants.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00041-00011334-00011658": "So it's difficult to merge these data together.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00042-00011658-00012315": "So since about 2013, I've been leading a consortium, the Exome Aggregation Consortium, or ExAC,", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00043-00012315-00012656": "with the goal of trying to overcome some of these barriers and pull together a large and", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00044-00012656-00013149": "harmonized collection of exome sequencing data for the benefit of the broader rare disease", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00045-00013149-00013277": "community.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00046-00013277-00013822": "So our first release, which was made public back in October 2014 started with a collection", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00047-00013822-00014280": "of 90 -- of raw sequencing data from 92,000 human exomes.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00048-00014280-00014658": "As you can see in this table here, these come from a whole range of different projects,", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00049-00014658-00015069": "with the lion's share of the data coming from large case-control studies of common complex", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00050-00015069-00015526": "diseases like Type II Diabetes, heart disease, and neuropsychiatric conditions.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00051-00015526-00015673": "There's also data from TCGA here.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00052-00015673-00016144": "I should emphasize that these are germline exomes only, not gene exomes.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00053-00016144-00016601": "We took the -- roughly a petabyte of raw sequencing data -- that's about 1,000 terabytes of raw", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00054-00016601-00016931": "sequencing data from these 92,000 samples.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00055-00016931-00017368": "We pushed all of that data using computing resources at the Broad Institute through the", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00056-00017368-00017793": "same processing pipeline and then did joint variant culling across all of those samples,", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00057-00017793-00018108": "and that resulted in a single unified cull set.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00058-00018108-00018684": "We then proceeded to remove about a third of those samples and release publicly accessible", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00059-00018684-00019207": "cull set of just over 60,000 samples that is clean in the sense that we have restricted", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00060-00019207-00019656": "it only to high-quality samples, to individuals who are unrelated to one another, to those", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00061-00019656-00020084": "who have consent for public data-sharing, and also to individuals who, as far as we", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00062-00020084-00020529": "can tell, do not have severe pediatric disease and are not the first-degree relatives of", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00063-00020529-00020658": "those with severe pediatric disease.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00064-00020658-00020992": "Although we don't know that for everyone, as I'll mention later.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00065-00020992-00021378": "So this reference data set, although we can't, for consent reasons, share the individual-level", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00066-00021378-00021936": "genotypes for these 60,000 people, is a data set where we can share frequency data for", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00067-00021936-00022213": "all of the variants that we discover.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00068-00022213-00022337": "This is a massive dataset.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00069-00022337-00022834": "It's by far the largest collection of sequenced individuals that's been made available to", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00070-00022834-00022934": "date.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00071-00022934-00023430": "Here in this slightly grandiose slide I’m showing, I'm comparing the size of ExAC compared", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00072-00023430-00023865": "to the two previous publicly available datasets of genetic variation, in terms of number of", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00073-00023865-00023972": "individuals.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00074-00023972-00024120": "This is the 1,000 genomes project.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00075-00024120-00024373": "This is the NHLBI's Exome Sequencing Project.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00076-00024373-00024774": "IN ExAC, we were able to assemble nearly ten times the number of samples compared to the", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00077-00024774-00024874": "ASP.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00078-00024874-00025254": "And although we do have a very European-centric component to ExAC -- that's this big blue", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00079-00025254-00025822": "chunk here -- we do have representation from thousands of individuals from many other continental", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00080-00025822-00025922": "groups as well.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00081-00025922-00026120": "So there's a substantial amount of genetic diversity here.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00082-00026120-00026632": "And overall, the project has generated, by far, the largest catalogue of human protein", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00083-00026632-00026772": "coding genetic variation.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00084-00026772-00027288": "Over ten million variants in total, so that corresponds to approximately one variant every", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00085-00027288-00027766": "six base pairs throughout the coding region and the flanking sequences.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00086-00027766-00028125": "So it's an incredibly high resolution of genetic variation.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00087-00028125-00028326": "The vast majority of these variants are novel.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00088-00028326-00028488": "They've never been seen before.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00089-00028488-00028854": "We believe that almost all of them are real, based on a whole series of QC analyses that", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00090-00028854-00029011": "I'm not going to go into here.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00091-00029011-00029152": "And most of them are extremely rare.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00092-00029152-00029544": "So, in fact, if you look at this plot here, you can see that half of the variants -- more", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00093-00029544-00030020": "than 50 percent of the variants that we discover in ExAC are seen only once in our data set.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00094-00030020-00030486": "So it's an allele frequency of less than one in 100,000 and more than 75 percent are seen", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00095-00030486-00030750": "with an allele frequency of less than 1 in 10,000.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00096-00030750-00030850": "So that's great.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00097-00030850-00031247": "This gives us an unprecedented insight into this really low end of the frequency spectrum,", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00098-00031247-00031663": "which is where we suspect most severe disease-causing mutations are found.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00099-00031663-00032050": "The goal of producing this data set was to create something for the broader community,", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00100-00032050-00032536": "so in October 2014, we launched a website which, hopefully, many of you have already", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00101-00032536-00033074": "looked at: ExAC.broadinstitute.org, where you can access coverage information and variant", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00102-00033074-00033247": "information for your favorite gene.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00103-00033247-00033511": "You can look up any variant that you've seen in your patient and see whether we've seen", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00104-00033511-00033786": "it or not and how common it is across different populations.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00105-00033786-00034194": "You can also visualize -- from many sides -- the raw read data that gives you a sense", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00106-00034194-00034537": "to how confident we are that we've actually culled it.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00107-00034537-00034994": "This has been very successful, so as sometime this week, we would just take over four million", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00108-00034994-00035442": "page views for the ExAC browser, and it's now become one of the default, go-to reference", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00109-00035442-00035643": "data sets for clinical genomics.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00110-00035643-00036226": "Now, of course, there's a number of major caveats to the ExAC sample collection.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00111-00036226-00036522": "The first one is that we've been entirely opportunistic here.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00112-00036522-00036872": "We simply took samples from the largest exome sequencing projects that we could get our", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00113-00036872-00037272": "hands on, where the PIs were amenable to sharing their data.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00114-00037272-00037648": "That means that most of the samples have extremely limited phenotype data, and almost none of", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00115-00037648-00037811": "them are actually consented for re-contact.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00116-00037811-00038232": "We think maybe a quarter to a third of the samples are consented for possible re-contact.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00117-00038232-00038455": "Many of those -- we haven't tried that yet.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00118-00038455-00038906": "Also, although we've tried to remove severe pediatric disease cases or severe Mendelian", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00119-00038906-00039230": "disease cases in general from this data set, some will remain.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00120-00039230-00039565": "We have some projects where we really have almost no phenotype data, so it's possible", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00121-00039565-00039821": "that some of these people actually do have sever disease.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00122-00039821-00040213": "Nonetheless, those caveats aside -- and I'll return to them later -- ExAC improves the", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00123-00040213-00040619": "analysis of variants of uncertain significance in a number of important ways.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00124-00040619-00040921": "And I'm just going to step through three of them in this talk.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00125-00040921-00041353": "The first, I think, and really obvious one is that it allows us to improve our ability", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00126-00041353-00041856": "to filter variants seen in a patient which are simply too common in the general population", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00127-00041856-00042065": "to be causal for a particular disease.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00128-00042065-00042290": "I'll show you some data on that.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00129-00042290-00042681": "The second thing we can do is -- if we are fortunate enough to have large collections", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00130-00042681-00043133": "of disease cases for a particular disease, we can do a case control comparison that allows", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00131-00043133-00043675": "us to access the pathogenicity and the penetrance of a whole range of variants that are discovered", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00132-00043675-00043806": "within that particular disease.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00133-00043806-00044131": "And I use the example of prion disease to illustrate that.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00134-00044131-00044498": "And then finally -- and this is what we're still very actively working on -- it's possible", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00135-00044498-00044946": "to use the data, as we discussed this morning, to identify genes or regions of genes that", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00136-00044946-00045333": "are extremely depleted for variation in the general population and therefore represent", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00137-00045333-00046013": "regions where we believe disease causing variation is much more likely to be found.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00138-00046013-00046466": "So first, just to illustrate the power of ExAC for rare disease filtering, here in this", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00139-00046466-00046880": "very simple analysis, what we've done is to take 100 independent individuals from each", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00140-00046880-00047347": "of five different continental populations and then simply ask, “If we were to apply", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00141-00047347-00047880": "a .1 percent -- that is a 1 in 1,000 frequency filter, using either the exome sequencing", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00142-00047880-00048369": "project or ExAC -- how many variants are we left with within that particular exome?”", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00143-00048369-00048780": "So this is a reasonable filter we might apply if we were looking, for instance, at a dominant", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00144-00048780-00048880": "disease.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00145-00048880-00049329": "And the short answer is: If we were to use ESP as our reference data set, we're left", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00146-00049329-00049763": "with somewhere between 600 and 1,000 variants based on frequency filtering alone.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00147-00049763-00050221": "ExAC, because it's much bigger and, importantly, because it's much more diverse, reduces that", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00148-00050221-00050321": "number much further.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00149-00050321-00050799": "So we have somewhere between 100 and 200 variants that we can then filter through using segregation,", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00150-00050799-00051041": "functional information and other approaches.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00151-00051041-00051547": "So both size and ancestral power are extremely important in improving these filtering capabilities.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00152-00051547-00052103": "Now, we of course can apply this to our own patients or to anyone else's patients, but", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00153-00052103-00052525": "we can also go back to the literature and to databases of reported pathogenic variants", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00154-00052525-00052932": "and see how many of those are actual present at frequencies that are too common to be consistent", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00155-00052932-00053091": "with disease causation.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00156-00053091-00053455": "And the answer, as I suspect many of you have guessed, is that there is a depressingly large", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00157-00053455-00053920": "number of variants, in basically all databases, of allegedly disease-causing mutations that", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00158-00053920-00054348": "are clearly not pathogenic -- that have resulted from an incorrect assertion of pathogenicity.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00159-00054348-00054947": "Just to give you perhaps the most obvious examples, here we took the -- a set of variants", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00160-00054947-00055355": "that had been reported as being pathogenic in either ClinVar or HGMD, but that had a", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00161-00055355-00055762": "frequency of greater than 1 percent in at least one of the ExAC populations, and then", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00162-00055762-00056151": "Ann O'Donnell [spelled phonetically], a medical student in my lab, went through and manually", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00163-00056151-00056448": "curated the evidence supporting pathogenicity for each of those variants.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00164-00056448-00056888": "And exactly as you would expect, basically none of these turned out to actually be pathogenic,", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00165-00056888-00057051": "with a handful of exceptions.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00166-00057051-00057661": "CFTR, Delta 5-0 -- F508, and a handful of other mild Mendelian diseases, most of them", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00167-00057661-00058014": "clear frank errors in the literature, and some of them are database errors.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00168-00058014-00058486": "But even once we removed these really obvious errors, we're left with many hundreds to thousands", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00169-00058486-00058931": "of variants in the ExAC data set that are clearly present -- that we believe -- that", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00170-00058931-00059250": "are confidently asserted in the literature as being causal, that are very rare in the", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00171-00059250-00059654": "general population, and that are nonetheless present in ExAC individuals who we believe", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00172-00059654-00059969": "probably don't have severe disease.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00173-00059969-00060263": "So the question is: What is going on with these particular variants?", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00174-00060263-00060482": "And there's multiple possible explanations.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00175-00060482-00060911": "Firstly, I think the default explanation is that many of these are, in fact, false assertions", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00176-00060911-00061041": "of pathogenicity.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00177-00061041-00061523": "It's also possible that some of them are present in undiagnosed cases of disease within ExAC.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00178-00061523-00061954": "We have identified some examples of some medic mosiacism, where there is clearly a variant", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00179-00061954-00062372": "present in that person's blood, but we -- but it is present at a low allele balance, suggestive", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00180-00062372-00062822": "that it is actually just increased in frequency within their blood cells, but it is not present", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00181-00062822-00063006": "in other tissues within their body.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00182-00063006-00063364": "And finally, and I think importantly, there's the possibility that this variant is indeed", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00183-00063364-00063731": "a disease-causing variant, is indeed carried by that individual, but there was incomplete", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00184-00063731-00063831": "penetrance.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00185-00063831-00064211": "So for whatever reason, that person is not actually suffering from that disease.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00186-00064211-00064693": "So to pick apart that last case, we actually -- this is work that was just published a", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00187-00064693-00065036": "couple of months ago in Science Translational Medicine -- we chose to use Prion disease", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00188-00065036-00065451": "as a model for studying, for picking these particular mutations apart.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00189-00065451-00065737": "We chose to pursue this for a number of different reasons.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00190-00065737-00066226": "Prion disease is a severe, fatal -- invariably fatal -- adult onset neurogenesis diseases.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00191-00066226-00066326": "They're rare.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00192-00066326-00066680": "They have a lifetime frequency of about 1 in 10,000.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00193-00066680-00067050": "We know that approximately 15 percent of these are genetic.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00194-00067050-00067523": "The rest appear to be caused by sporadic mis-folding of prion protein within the brain.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00195-00067523-00067892": "These 15 percent of genetic cases, as far as we know, are all due to dominant gain of", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00196-00067892-00068342": "function mutations in the PRNP gene, which encodes the prion protein.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00197-00068342-00068762": "One of the benefits of studying prion disease is that virtually every case of prion disease", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00198-00068762-00069225": "that occurs in the industrialized world is reported to a surveillance center, and a PRNP", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00199-00069225-00069325": "gene is sequenced.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00200-00069325-00069701": "And the reason there's such close surveillance of these cases is, of course, because of the", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00201-00069701-00070025": "notorious onset of prion disease cases that are infectious in origin.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00202-00070025-00070575": "So we have PRNP frequency for almost every individual who's reported to have prion disease", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00203-00070575-00070742": "in pretty much every industrialized country.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00204-00070742-00071358": "So if we had to take the 60 or so reported dominant gain of function mutations in PRNP", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00205-00071358-00071727": "and look them up in ExAC, what we find is an overall frequency of people carrying these", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00206-00071727-00072144": "mutations that is 30 times higher than what we would expect, given the frequency of the", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00207-00072144-00072294": "disease in the general population.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00208-00072294-00072495": "So clearly something is going on here.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00209-00072495-00072819": "It cannot be the case that we have 30 times more people who will die of prion disease", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00210-00072819-00072932": "than we expect.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00211-00072932-00073186": "Something is happening that is resulting in these variants being much more common than", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00212-00073186-00073348": "we would expect.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00213-00073348-00073787": "And the answer comes when we compare the frequency of these variants in cases versus controls.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00214-00073787-00074257": "So here what Eric Minikel [spelled phonetically] in my lab managed to do through various feats", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00215-00074257-00074788": "of political heroism is to assemble ten and a half thousand sequenced cases of prion disease", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00216-00074788-00075329": "from various centers in U.S., U.K., Australia and Japan, and to then compare the frequency", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00217-00075329-00075488": "of those variants in the cases.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00218-00075488-00075838": "That's here on this X axis -- against the frequency of the same variants in the ExAC", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00219-00075838-00076300": "data set -- our 60,000 population controls shown here on the Y axis.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00220-00076300-00076698": "And what we find is that our prion disease variants, alleged prion disease variants cluster", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00221-00076698-00076899": "into three broad categories.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00222-00076899-00077348": "Sitting along the X axis, we have variants that are present in cases but basically absent", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00223-00077348-00077448": "in controls.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00224-00077448-00077767": "And these are basically all variants with very strong evidence for pathogenicity, and", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00225-00077767-00078102": "these all appear to be completely penetrant, as far as we can tell.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00226-00078102-00078597": "On the X axis, we have variants that are seen rarely, if at all, in cases but are present", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00227-00078597-00078814": "at some reasonable frequency in controls.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00228-00078814-00079122": "And we believe almost all of these are actually false assertions of pathogenicity.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00229-00079122-00079451": "There's not evidence here that these are pathogenic.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00230-00079451-00079756": "They almost certainly just happen to turn up in an individual who had a sporadic case", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00231-00079756-00080156": "of prion disease, and therefore those are false assertions of pathogenicity.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00232-00080156-00080473": "And then there's three very interesting variants clustering in the middle here who were too", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00233-00080473-00081056": "common in cases to be completely benign, but also too common in controls to be fully pathogenic.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00234-00081056-00081438": "And we can show statistically that all three of these variants have evidence for genuine", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00235-00081438-00081892": "but incompletely penetrant effects on disease risk, with wildly differing effects on lifetime", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00236-00081892-00082366": "risk, ranging from less than 1 in 1,000 lifetime risk up to nearly 10 percent of lifetime risk", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00237-00082366-00082695": "of suffering from these catastrophic diseases.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00238-00082695-00082997": "So this is the first time we've been able to put quantitative estimates using these", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00239-00082997-00083412": "very large sample sizes on the lifetime risk of this type of disease, and obviously this", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00240-00083412-00083864": "has major implications for genetic counseling for the families affected by these particular", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00241-00083864-00084056": "diseases.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00242-00084056-00084423": "So that's how we can use large datasets to assess -- to quantitatively assess penetrance.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00243-00084423-00084883": "I wanted to finish by talking about how we can also study variants that -- not just the", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00244-00084883-00085181": "variants that are present in these data sets, but also the variants that are missing from", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00245-00085181-00085607": "these data sets, and in particular, using a mutational model that Cricket [spelled phonetically]", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00246-00085607-00085898": "mentioned this morning, that was developed by Kaitlin Samocha in Mark Daly's [spelled", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00247-00085898-00085998": "phonetically] group.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00248-00085998-00086258": "We can actually predict, for every gene in the genome, how many variants we should expect", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00249-00086258-00086687": "to see under a random mutational model, and then look up those same genes in ExAC and", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00250-00086687-00086916": "say how many variants we do actually observe.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00251-00086916-00087210": "And then the difference between those two numbers tells us how strongly that particular", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00252-00087210-00087498": "gene is depleted for that particular class of variation.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00253-00087498-00087873": "So here, for instance, you can see for synonymous variants, that Kaitlin's model on the X axis", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00254-00087873-00088233": "provides an extremely good fit for the ExAC data on the Y axis.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00255-00088233-00088412": "That's for silent mutations.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00256-00088412-00088849": "If we now look at Loss-of-Function mutations, you can see every dot here is a gene that", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00257-00088849-00089170": "most genes in the genome have substantially fewer Loss-of-Function mutations than we would", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00258-00089170-00089285": "expect to see by chance.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00259-00089285-00089408": "And that's absolutely no surprise.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00260-00089408-00089836": "All that it tell us is that most Loss-of-Function mutations are deleterious, and are acted against", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00261-00089836-00090008": "by natural selection.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00262-00090008-00090369": "What's cool about this data is with 60,000 samples for the first time we can actually", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00263-00090369-00090572": "see how far below the line each gene falls.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00264-00090572-00091051": "And so we can infer how strong the natural selection is that's acting against those Loss-of-Function", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00265-00091051-00091220": "variants in each gene.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00266-00091220-00091524": "So let me just give you two very quick examples.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00267-00091524-00091873": "This is a gene where we know exactly what happens if you have a heterozygous missense", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00268-00091873-00091986": "of Loss-of-Function mutation.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00269-00091986-00092250": "It causes catastrophic neurodevelopmental diseases.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00270-00092250-00092897": "This gene, DYNC1H1 is a well-known de novo cause of a whole variety of different neurodevelopmental", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00271-00092897-00092997": "diseases.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00272-00092997-00093311": "In this gene, we can see, Kaitlin's model predicts almost perfectly the number of synonymous", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00273-00093311-00093423": "variants in the population.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00274-00093423-00093863": "There was a two-thirds deficit of missense mutations, and an almost complete absence", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00275-00093863-00094293": "of protein truncating variants in this gene, consistent with the fact that many -- most", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00276-00094293-00094729": "of these variants actually do result in very severe phenotypes and are therefore removed", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00277-00094729-00095066": "from the population and are not observed in ExAC.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00278-00095066-00095401": "So that's for a gene where we know what happens when you inactivated it.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00279-00095401-00095732": "This is a gene where we actually have no idea what disease is associated with it.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00280-00095732-00096161": "We know that this gene, UBR5, is somehow involved in the ubiquitin pathway.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00281-00096161-00096424": "We know that if you knock it out in mice, it kills them during embryogenesis.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00282-00096424-00096792": "But to date, as far as I know, there's no known human Loss-of-Function phenotype.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00283-00096792-00097335": "And yet, this gene has a profile of missense depletion, and most strikingly, of Loss-of-Function", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00284-00097335-00097793": "depletion that is completely consistent with a fully -- with a very nasty out blown sufficient", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00285-00097793-00097893": "disease gene.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00286-00097893-00098302": "So you can see here a nearly complete absence of Loss-of-Function rejections in our population.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00287-00098302-00098643": "So that suggests that although we've never observed an individual who has a disease caused", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00288-00098643-00099100": "by these mutations, that in fact a loss of -- even heterozygous Loss-of-Function in this", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00289-00099100-00099435": "gene does have some quite severe effect on human phenotypes.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00290-00099435-00099667": "You may be wondering what's happening with this one individual here.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00291-00099667-00099985": "We think in that particular case, this variant is not actually Loss-of-Function, if it's", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00292-00099985-00100191": "close to the end of the gene.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00293-00100191-00100576": "So overall, using this approach, we can identify over two-and-a-half thousand genes that have", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00294-00100576-00100816": "a high probability of Loss-of-Function intolerance, statistically.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00295-00100816-00101210": "So that means they have far fewer Loss-of-Function variants in ExAC than we would expect to see", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00296-00101210-00101399": "by chance.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00297-00101399-00101800": "This category of genes contains almost all of the known Haploinsufficient disease genes,", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00298-00101800-00102120": "but more than three-quarters of them, we have absolutely no idea what they do when they're", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00299-00102120-00102220": "inactivated.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00300-00102220-00102704": "So this set, of course, is now a very high priority set for assessing further potential", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00301-00102704-00103159": "for causal mutations in severe diseases and has already proved successful in autism and", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00302-00103159-00103259": "schizophrenia.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00303-00103259-00103682": "I'm going to fly through this last data slide, which basically is some early results from", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00304-00103682-00104267": "Caitlin showing that we can also apply this same approach to missense constraint in particular", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00305-00104267-00104367": "reasons.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00306-00104367-00104699": "And here in the CDKL5 gene, we show that the constrained -- the missense constrained region", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00307-00104699-00105220": "of the gene is, in fact, exactly where almost all of the non-dominant missense mutations", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00308-00105220-00105397": "that cause this disease are found.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00309-00105397-00105725": "So even if we had no idea what -- where disease mutations were found, we could predict that", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00310-00105725-00106181": "this end terminal region was the most constrained region of the gene.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00311-00106181-00106310": "So what next for ExAC?", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00312-00106310-00106489": "Firstly, we're building up our sample sizes.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00313-00106489-00106711": "The next release will have 120,000 exomes.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00314-00106711-00107197": "We're also very interested in expanding this to include non-coding variants, so we have", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00315-00107197-00107433": "completed a test run on five-and-a-half thousand genomes.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00316-00107433-00107894": "We're hoping to release a data set spanning over 20,000 genomes later on this year.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00317-00107894-00108109": "And then finally, we're starting to test genotype-based recalls.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00318-00108109-00108542": "So taking the individuals in ExAC who have very extreme or unusual genotypes, like homozygous", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00319-00108542-00108975": "Loss-of-Function or dominant disease-causing mutations, and recalling that very small percentage", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00320-00108975-00109301": "of them where we actually have the ability to do so, to learn whether or not they actually", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00321-00109301-00109680": "have that disease, and if so what other information we can gain from that.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00322-00109680-00110051": "I wanted to finish with a slide that I think summarizes some of the key challenges that", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00323-00110051-00110363": "we've learned about in performing ExAC.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00324-00110363-00110740": "And that I think may provoke some discussion later on this afternoon.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00325-00110740-00111172": "The first is that it's critical that we build -- for almost all the analyses that are described", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00326-00111172-00111500": "today, bigger samples will make an enormous difference to our power to actually do these", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00327-00111500-00111600": "analyses.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00328-00111600-00111976": "Tapping more samples, making sure that the data are harmonized and centralized, and the", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00329-00111976-00112375": "variants can actually be linked ethically to phenotypes is absolutely critical moving", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00330-00112375-00112475": "forward.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00331-00112475-00112785": "That will require regulatory support, both for data aggregation and for reuse.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00332-00112785-00113274": "And this is -- this often falls into a very difficult ethical gray area at the moment.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00333-00113274-00113455": "We need much more clarity in that space.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00334-00113455-00113794": "And that will be extremely useful, for instance, for the ability to reuse the many tens of", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00335-00113794-00114200": "thousands or hundreds of thousands of samples, sequences part of the common disease centers", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00336-00114200-00114479": "as reference data sets for rare disease.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00337-00114479-00114780": "We need an increased focus on sequencing samples that are consented up front for re-contact,", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00338-00114780-00114983": "deeper phenotyping, and data sharing.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00339-00114983-00115115": "That's no surprise to anyone in this room.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00340-00115115-00115467": "Of course, it's already a focus for the PMI and other projects.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00341-00115467-00115828": "And if we want to be able to assess penetrance uniformly, we also need to be collecting large,", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00342-00115828-00116148": "well-ascertained collections of cases for a whole variety of diseases.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00343-00116148-00116538": "Not just common diseases, but also rare to really understand the full spectrum of variation", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00344-00116538-00116692": "in those genes.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00345-00116692-00117022": "So with that, I'll finish by thanking everyone involved in putting the ExAC set together,", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00346-00117022-00117459": "the analysts in my lab as well as Caitlin in Mark's lab, all of the principal investigators,", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00347-00117459-00117867": "and huge thanks to the Broad Genomics and Data Sciences Platform, which provided all", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00348-00117867-00118150": "of the resources that were required to make this project possible.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00349-00118150-00118258": "Thanks very much.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00350-00118258-00118438": "Male Speaker: Great, thank you.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00351-00118438-00118577": "We have time for a couple of questions.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00352-00118577-00118680": "Eric [spelled phonetically]?", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00353-00118680-00118852": "Male Speaker: Daniel, two questions.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00354-00118852-00119160": "I'm just trying to get my head around a couple of numbers, if you know them.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00355-00119160-00119547": "So one number is -- you talk about at the very beginning, something like over a million", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00356-00119547-00119819": "genomes sequenced, the great majority of those being exomes.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00357-00119819-00120013": "Do you know what that ratio is?", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00358-00120013-00120429": "Or do you have an estimate of what that ratio might be -- exomes versus whole genomes?", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00359-00120429-00120665": "Daniel MacArthur: So there's a number of difficult things about", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00360-00120665-00120765": "this calculation.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00361-00120765-00121215": "I mean, that number includes whole genomes with both low coverage and high coverage.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00362-00121215-00121528": "There are obviously many more low coverage genomes out there than high coverage genomes.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00363-00121528-00121810": "I think Richard Devin [spelled phonetically] told me there's probably somewhere around", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00364-00121810-00122164": "the order of somewhere between 50 and 100,000 whole genomes that have been sequenced today.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00365-00122164-00122524": "And the rest of the numbers, we think, are mostly in the exome space.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00366-00122524-00122624": "Male Speaker: Okay.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00367-00122624-00122975": "And that's about the number that's consistent with the number I've heard from others -- and", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00368-00122975-00123353": "that may be just barely at the threshold of 100,000 for whole genomes.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00369-00123353-00123607": "That's what you said, right?", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00370-00123607-00123722": "Fifty to one hundred?", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00371-00123722-00124350": "Second question is if you look across -- based on all of the compilated -- or the collected", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00372-00124350-00125091": "variants that you've now put across the exome, what fraction of exome bases have you detected", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00373-00125091-00125195": "a variant on?", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00374-00125195-00125474": "Daniel MacArthur: So there's about one in six exome bases we", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00375-00125474-00125574": "have detected a variant.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00376-00125574-00126098": "And in some places, we've -- there were some classes of base that we've almost completely", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00377-00126098-00126198": "saturated.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00378-00126198-00126557": "So, for instance, if we look at CPG sites, we observe in ExAC 80 percent of all possible", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00379-00126557-00126861": "CPG mutations, we observe at least once in ExAC.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00380-00126861-00127178": "So it depends on how high the mutation rate is, but we're hitting a big chunk of it.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00381-00127178-00127335": "Male Speaker: But overall, the result one in six?", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00382-00127335-00127465": "Daniel MacArthur: That's correct, yes.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00383-00127465-00127565": "Male Speaker: Thanks.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00384-00127565-00127855": "Male Speaker: I didn't see any other hands, so what am -- oh,", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00385-00127855-00127955": "I'm sorry.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00386-00127955-00128055": "Steven [spelled phonetically].", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00387-00128055-00128226": "Male Speaker: Just a quick, very technical question.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00388-00128226-00129015": "So one thing that we've learned fairly recently is that most variant culling algorithms overcorrect,", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00389-00129015-00129363": "removing novel ultra-rare variants.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00390-00129363-00129623": "Could you speak to that in terms of your variant culling algorithms?", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00391-00129623-00129885": "Daniel MacArthur: Yeah, we had -- we spent a lot of time tweaking", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00392-00129885-00130166": "the GOTK sensitivity parameters to overcome that.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00393-00130166-00130297": "Because you're absolutely right.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00394-00130297-00130750": "With large-scale gene culling, there is a bias against rare variants.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00395-00130750-00130870": "We took a number of metrics.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00396-00130870-00130983": "I'm happy to talk to you about it afterwards.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00397-00130983-00131477": "We took a number of metrics that correlate to singleton sensitivity and basically tweaked", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00398-00131477-00131844": "those until we hit the point that we were capturing the vast majority of singletons", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00399-00131844-00132142": "without, surprisingly, without increasing our false positive rate [unintelligible] for", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00400-00132142-00132242": "the common variants.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00401-00132242-00132390": "So it actually does seem to work quite well.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00402-00132390-00132603": "You just have to spend some time tweaking the parameters.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00403-00132603-00132936": "Male Speaker: And then just one follow-up question, if I'm", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00404-00132936-00133036": "allowed.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00405-00133036-00133566": "You’ve got some very powerful assets there in terms of genes that are likely to be associated", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00406-00133566-00134051": "with a phenotype, and probably also genes that we can eliminate from being candidates", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00407-00134051-00134206": "for novel phenotypes.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00408-00134206-00134338": "Are those available?", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00409-00134338-00134454": "Daniel MacArthur: Sure, yeah.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00410-00134454-00134941": "So, I mean, all the data, of course the raw data is -- at a variant level is fully, freely", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00411-00134941-00135246": "available and anyone can download that.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00412-00135246-00135708": "The constraint data is also available through the ExAC FTP site.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00413-00135708-00136044": "The second question you asked, which is genes that we can rule out as being causal -- so", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00414-00136044-00136169": "this is actually a little bit more subtle.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00415-00136169-00136520": "So there are many genes that contain at least one homozygous Loss-of-Function variant in", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00416-00136520-00136658": "the general population.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00417-00136658-00137179": "The challenge here is that homozygous Loss-of-Function variants in ExAC are enriched for false positives.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00418-00137179-00137409": "Relatively few sequencing areas, but lots of annotation false positives.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00419-00137409-00137790": "So you have to be extremely careful about ruling out a gene on the basis of observing,", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00420-00137790-00138041": "for instance, Loss-of-Function variants in ExAC.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00421-00138041-00138324": "But I'm happy to talk to you more about that after.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00422-00138324-00138720": "Male Speaker: I think we're going to move on to the next,", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00423-00138720-00139105": "and so save your question for the open discussion.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00424-00139105-00139345": "So -- and next up will be Douglas Fowler.", "fA_0ImjR_j4-00425-00139345-00139382": "[end of transcript]"}}, {"audio_id": "fAC2tIF-xdU", "text": {"fAC2tIF-xdU-00000-00000000-00000475": "[Git Merge 2013]", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00001-00000544-00000957": "My name's Michael Haggerty. I'd like to talk about git-imerge,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00002-00001016-00001510": "incremental merging for Git. This was originally planned", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00003-00001510-00002002": "for a longer time slot so I think I'm gonna have to go pretty quickly.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00004-00002280-00002474": "The two common ways of bringing", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00005-00002474-00002755": "two branches together would be to use \"git merge\" or \"git rebase.\"", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00006-00002831-00003084": "They both have big problems, which I'm sure you're aware of.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00007-00003084-00003457": "I'll go through quickly. \"Git merge:\" you have one big commit", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00008-00003457-00003668": "that you have to resolve all in one burst.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00009-00003692-00003885": "Resolving big conflicts is hard.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00010-00003954-00004229": "Merging is all-or-nothing. Once you've started a git merge,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00011-00004229-00004489": "you can't really do anything else with your repository until", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00012-00004489-00005017": "you've either resolved the conflict or given up and gone back", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00013-00005017-00005661": "to your old version. You can't record your progress.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00014-00005661-00005881": "You can't switch to another branch while you're in progress.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00015-00005881-00006409": "If you make a mistake, you can't go back. It's all-or-nothing.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00016-00006409-00006871": "There's no way to test a partially merged tree. Once you have those merge conflict", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00017-00006871-00007076": "markers in your code, you can't build your code,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00018-00007076-00007381": "you can't test it. You have to resolve the whole conflict,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00019-00007381-00007960": "and then you can test. It's hard to collaborate on a merge;", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00020-00007960-00008636": "there's no way to push a conflicting merge to your repository.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00021-00008753-00009090": "So git rebase, on the other hand, is a little better in some ways", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00022-00009090-00009411": "and worse in other ways.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00023-00009401-00009808": "For git rebase, you have to resolve each of your branch", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00024-00009808-00010108": "commits with all of the commits you've made on master.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00025-00010108-00010352": "I'll talk about branch and master. They could be", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00026-00010352-00010832": "generic branches, of course, which is better than git merge.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00027-00010832-00011098": "Git merge, you have to bring all of your changes together at once.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00028-00011098-00011368": "Rebase at least breaks it up a little bit, and I think", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00029-00011368-00011664": "you've noticed that that's usually easier.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00030-00011664-00012028": "But rebasing is also all-or-nothing; once you're in the middle of a rebase,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00031-00012028-00012274": "you can't use the repository for anything else.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00032-00012274-00012618": "It's hard to store a rebase that's in progress.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00033-00012618-00012766": "It's hard to share the work with somebody else.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00034-00013009-00013253": "You can't collaborate on a merge,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00035-00013253-00013553": "and once you're done, rebasing discards history, which..", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00036-00014519-00014766": "Is this on now? Okay.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00037-00014856-00015225": "Rebasing discards the final history, and so what you're", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00038-00015225-00015716": "left with is a repository that doesn't include all of the things", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00039-00015716-00016075": "that have happened to it, and that has a lot of side effects.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00040-00016075-00016816": "The main one is it's not recommended to rebase work", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00041-00016816-00017063": "that's already been published, because if somebody else has", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00042-00017128-00017518": "based their work on your original branch, they're going", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00043-00017518-00017910": "to be screwed when they try to rebase or merge their branch.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00044-00018012-00018771": "So rebasing is hostile to collaboration. I'm going to skip ahead a little bit,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00045-00018771-00019068": "and then I'll come back and summarize the advantages", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00046-00019068-00019538": "of incremental merge, but first I just want to give you a sketch", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00047-00019538-00019868": "of what is the basic idea.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00048-00019868-00020314": "Suppose you want to merge a branch into master.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00049-00020314-00020526": "I've just drawn this in the traditional way.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00050-00020526-00020787": "You have some commits on master, you have some commits on branch,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00051-00020787-00021044": "and you want to bring them together.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00052-00021162-00021638": "The first step is just draw the diagram a little bit differently.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00053-00021638-00022071": "I've just drawn the branch commits down the left side.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00054-00022071-00022342": "Now, one of the main", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00055-00022342-00022729": "problems with merge is, you've got so many changes on master,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00056-00022729-00022902": "so many changes on branch, and you have to bring them", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00057-00022902-00023270": "together all at once. So let's do the smallest thing possible", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00058-00023361-00023665": "to try to make progress towards the full merge.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00059-00023665-00024254": "The smallest thing is, we just merge the very first commit on master and", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00060-00024254-00024863": "the very first commit on branch. Now, this is a lot easier, of course.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00061-00024863-00025118": "There are fewer changes. You've got a log message", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00062-00025118-00025422": "for each of those two changes. You could look at the log message,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00063-00025422-00025744": "see what those commits were trying to do, bring them together.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00064-00025744-00026018": "In fact, it's pretty likely there's not even gonna be", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00065-00026018-00026305": "a conflict, and Git can do that for you by itself, right?", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00066-00027062-00027388": "So this is important. At that point, you can store that", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00067-00027388-00027795": "merge commit into your repository with two parents.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00068-00027889-00028256": "You can tell Git, \"yes, I've done this merge between commit 1\"", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00069-00028256-00028613": "\"and commit A, and here's the result,\" and Git can remember", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00070-00028613-00028961": "that, can store it in the repository with two parents, 1 and A,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00071-00028961-00029249": "and then Git knows what you've done and has a true picture", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00072-00029249-00029440": "of what's been accomplished so far.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00073-00029708-00029843": "Then you just continue.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00074-00030058-00030462": "This next commit is maybe not quite so obvious, but you've", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00075-00030462-00030808": "got a commit B1. It's a merge of the merge commit that", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00076-00030808-00031424": "you just made, A1, plus the branch commit B.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00077-00031424-00032056": "What this B1 commit includes is the change that was made in master", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00078-00032111-00032514": "in step 1, in commit 1, and it includes the changes made", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00079-00032514-00032926": "in commits A and B on branch. But the change from commit A", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00080-00032926-00033315": "is already merged together. That's already in A1.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00081-00033315-00033636": "So you're not going to need to worry about conflicts that were already", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00082-00033636-00033831": "resolved in that first merge.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00083-00034036-00034338": "What you really need to do is you need to--I think I put", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00084-00034338-00034703": "something here--you need to add the changes that were made", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00085-00034703-00035164": "in commit B on the branch to the state that already exists", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00086-00035164-00035875": "in commit A1, or equivalently, you'd need to take the changes", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00087-00035875-00036398": "that were originally made in master commit 1,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00088-00036398-00037070": "and apply them to the state that's visible in commit B.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00089-00037192-00037462": "So, this is the key point,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00090-00037462-00037838": "is that this commit should be no harder than commit A1,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00091-00037838-00038137": "because you're bringing one change from one side,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00092-00038137-00038534": "one change from the other side, doing a pairwise merge,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00093-00038534-00038827": "pairwise conflict resolution, and then you're done.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00094-00038827-00039320": "When you're done, you commit it as a merge commit with two parents, B and A1.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00095-00039535-00039987": "Now, should be pretty obvious what you do.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00096-00039987-00040969": "You just keep continuing here. Let me just take a characteristic,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00097-00040969-00041360": "typical commit here in the middle, because it's a little bit less obvious,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00098-00041360-00041857": "but it's really the same principle. This commit C2 is taking", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00099-00041857-00042216": "the change that was made in master commit number two,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00100-00042216-00042563": "and adding it to the state that's already recorded in", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00101-00042691-00043308": "merge commit C1, or equivalently, it takes the changes", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00102-00043308-00043658": "that were made in branch commit C and adds them to the state", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00103-00043658-00043989": "that's already recorded in your merge commit B2.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00104-00044148-00044282": "Is it clear? Are there any questions?", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00105-00044548-00044763": "In all of these commits you're just taking one commit from", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00106-00044763-00045100": "each side, you're doing a pairwise merge of those two,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00107-00045128-00045359": "you have both of the original commit messages to see the", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00108-00045359-00045647": "intent of those two sides, you bring them together,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00109-00045647-00045785": "and you record the result.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00110-00046127-00046436": "Oh, this is an important take-home message.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00111-00046436-00046545": "I shouldn't skip this, I guess.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00112-00046620-00046985": "Oh, I explained that already. So here we go.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00113-00047076-00047575": "Now we have a problem. Not all of these merges", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00114-00047575-00048045": "are going to be be conflict-free. So at some point, the tool,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00115-00048045-00048562": "git-imerge, can do all of the merges that have no conflicts automatically.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00116-00048658-00048893": "At some point the user is going to have to get involved.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00117-00048893-00049420": "There will be some pair of commits that don't merge,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00118-00049420-00049776": "that have a conflict, and then you're asked to resolve it,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00119-00049776-00050201": "similar to with the git rebase. Git rebase goes \"dut-dut-dut-dut;\"", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00120-00050201-00050522": "as long as it's happy, it just keeps going.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00121-00050522-00050892": "When it gets to a conflict, it presents you with a merge conflict and you resolve it.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00122-00050985-00051534": "You commit it and you check it in.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00123-00051682-00052028": "Now you have F2, and this is what you do.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00124-00052028-00052416": "You continue through the whole diagram.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00125-00052627-00052970": "Now, what can you do once you've got one of these diagrams?", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00126-00053180-00053427": "You've done all of these incremental merges.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00127-00053427-00053773": "I'll tell you later how to make them easier and automated.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00128-00054066-00054304": "The fact is that one of these completed diagrams contains", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00129-00054304-00054559": "all of the information you might ever want to know about", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00130-00054559-00054731": "bringing these two branches together.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00131-00054867-00055340": "I'm going to show you concretely. In fact, it knows too much information.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00132-00055340-00055600": "You're probably gonna want to throw some of the information away,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00133-00055600-00055855": "to avoid cluttering up your repository with it permanently.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00134-00055942-00056131": "So the first question:", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00135-00056173-00056545": "where is the simple merge of branch and master?", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00136-00056691-00057175": "And the answer is, this is commit G11.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00137-00057175-00057443": "G11, as you can see, contains all of the incremental merges", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00138-00057443-00057879": "going across to master, all of the commits going down to branch.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00139-00057937-00058486": "They're all together in G1. So the contents, the tree, of G1,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00140-00058486-00058734": "if you were to check it out, is exactly the tree that you would", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00141-00058734-00059051": "hope to get if you merged master and branch together directly.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00142-00059212-00059401": "But the picture looks different, obviously.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00143-00059454-00059636": "The reason is because we have too much information.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00144-00059636-00060173": "But what you can do is you can discard the information of all of these internal", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00145-00060173-00060761": "commits, take G11, and rewrite it to have only two parents,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00146-00060761-00061286": "namely 11 and G. Once you've rewritten it, the other commits", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00147-00061324-00061533": "are no longer reachable; they just get garbage-collected", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00148-00061533-00061843": "some time, and what you have is a merge commit.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00149-00062257-00062694": "It might look more familiar like this, but topologically it's", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00150-00062694-00062996": "the same thing, and the contents are exactly the same.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00151-00062996-00063317": "You have a merge commit. Here's the next question.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00152-00063420-00063712": "Where is the rebase of branch onto master?", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00153-00063795-00063975": "Where is the result of a rebase?", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00154-00063975-00064347": "Where do we find that in this diagram?", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00155-00064587-00064785": "The answer is, it's the rightmost column.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00156-00065091-00065612": "Those commits on the rightmost column are essentially the commits A-G,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00157-00065612-00066006": "rebased over to the current tip of master.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00158-00066089-00066386": "And again, you can have the tool rewrite your history", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00159-00066499-00066773": "to look like this, and now it looks more like a rebase.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00160-00066773-00067265": "It looks as if you had done these changes A-G on", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00161-00067265-00067677": "the tip of master rather than when you did actually in the past", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00162-00067954-00068307": "Similarly, you can find the rebase of master onto branch.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00163-00068307-00068588": "That's just the bottom-most row of commits.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00164-00068720-00068920": "By rewriting the commits, you can transform", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00165-00068920-00069328": "the repository to look like this. Once you've done that, you can", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00166-00069328-00069568": "push the results. Nobody will even know", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00167-00069568-00070253": "you've used git i-merge. If you have already published", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00168-00070253-00070629": "your original branch, that is the A-G version of the branch,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00169-00070629-00070984": "and you still want to do a sort of a rebase, but you know you're", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00170-00070984-00071307": "gonna screw over your colleagues if you do that and commit it,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00171-00071307-00071618": "there's another alternative. You can rewrite the history", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00172-00071618-00071740": "to look like this.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00173-00071862-00072134": "This is the same rebase commits that you would get", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00174-00072134-00072489": "if you did a normal, traditional rebase, but each of the rebase commits", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00175-00072489-00072758": "has as a second parent the original commit from the old version of", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00176-00072758-00073064": "the branch, before it was rebased.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00177-00073132-00073414": "This is something I call rebase with history.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00178-00073478-00074156": "The tool can do this for you. The nice quality of it is it keeps", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00179-00074156-00074498": "both of the old and the new versions of the branch in your permanent history.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00180-00074563-00074785": "Anybody who's based their work on the old version", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00181-00074785-00075390": "of the branch can just rebase or merge like they would", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00182-00075390-00075573": "normally want to do.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00183-00075776-00076241": "Therefore, it makes for a version of rebase", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00184-00076241-00076571": "that's friendly to publishing, that you can publish.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00185-00076571-00077052": "Now, just a quick word about efficiency. The tool doesn't actually", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00186-00077052-00077713": "have to do all of the incremental merges between master and branch.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00187-00077713-00078032": "This would be a typical scenario:", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00188-00078032-00078569": "you have three conflicts, marked with X's here.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00189-00078569-00078963": "The tool has figured out where these conflicts are, but there's", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00190-00078963-00079343": "this big block of merges that it's all done. It turns out, the tool doesn't need to do", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00191-00079343-00079974": "all of the intermediate merges. There's an algorithm based on", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00192-00079974-00080331": "bisection that can find exactly where the conflicts are", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00193-00080331-00080686": "via a heuristic, and once it knows where the conflicts are,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00194-00080686-00081135": "it just fills in the boundary of the rectangle that goes to", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00195-00081135-00081677": "the conflict. So this rectangle E through E6 through 6,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00196-00081677-00081997": "this rectangle can all be done very quickly.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00197-00082078-00083042": "So, it's not nearly as processor-intensive or resource-intensive as it might be.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00198-00083239-00083784": "Where are we here? A quick demo. There is a tool I'm working on.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00199-00083784-00084081": "It's still very much beta, but it's up on GitHub.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00200-00084158-00084467": "It's called git-imerge, with a dash in between,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00201-00084467-00084753": "and I just wanted to show very quickly how it works.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00202-00084753-00085317": "You start it very much like a git merge, you check out the branch you want to merge to,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00203-00085373-00085781": "you do git-imerge start, and then here on the right side is", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00204-00085781-00086143": "the branch that you want to merge into your starting branch,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00205-00086262-00086727": "and you have to give the merge a name. This name: merge-branch.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00206-00086837-00087020": "I'll tell you why in a moment.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00207-00087369-00088066": "Then the tool just works away. Dut-dut-dut-dut...it tries the", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00208-00088066-00088539": "auto-merges to do a bisect and find where the conflicts are.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00209-00088607-00089099": "Once it does, it uses these auto-filling commits to outline", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00210-00089099-00089519": "the rectangles of the mergeable areas, and all of these", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00211-00089519-00089719": "things get recorded to your repository.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00212-00089973-00090390": "Once it's found the border of what it can do automatically for you,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00213-00090390-00091421": "it switches over to this conflict situation, where it first shows the first and second", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00214-00091425-00091950": "commits that conflicted, but the versions that were originally", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00215-00091950-00092236": "from master and from branch. So the commit messages", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00216-00092236-00092536": "that came with these commits should explain what those", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00217-00092536-00093007": "commits are trying to do, and then it asks you to fix the commit", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00218-00093007-00093413": "and type \"continue.\" There's a very crude", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00219-00093413-00093851": "diagram functionality in here; it shows the state of your merge.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00220-00093851-00094067": "These question marks are merges that can be skipped.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00221-00094067-00094501": "The rectangles here are the mergeable areas, and this", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00222-00094501-00094935": "hash mark shows where the conflict is, or...there can be more than one conflict.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00223-00095158-00095612": "You fix the change, add git commit, and then type", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00224-00095612-00095880": "\"git-imerge continue\" and then duh-duh-duh-duh, it goes on", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00225-00095880-00096216": "and on. It might find more merges, because as it's going", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00226-00096216-00096652": "it uncovers more of the diagram, and there might be more conflict.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00227-00096752-00097181": "But when it's done, then you can just see a diagram again.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00228-00097181-00097533": "You see by the fact that the bottom-right corner is", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00229-00097533-00097790": "filled in, you know that the merge is finished.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00230-00097882-00098395": "Then you can get imerge-finish, and you can say what your goal is.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00231-00098395-00098675": "If you want a simple merge, it'll convert it to a simple merge for you.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00232-00098675-00098870": "If you want a rebase, it'll convert it to a rebase,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00233-00098870-00099057": "rebase with history, and I'm going to add", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00234-00099057-00099295": "a couple other alternatives.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00235-00099606-00099815": "That's not so interesting.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00236-00100294-00100584": "So let me just summarize what I see as the advantages", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00237-00100584-00101165": "of this style of merging. You only ever have to merge", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00238-00101165-00101499": "conflicts that involve one commit on branch, one commit on master.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00239-00101566-00101905": "Small conflicts are much easier to resolve than big conflicts.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00240-00101986-00102335": "In fact, big conflicts can be completely intractable.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00241-00102463-00102751": "I've had branches that I had to abandon because I couldn't merge them.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00242-00102751-00103333": "This would be a hope of rescuing some of those old branches.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00243-00103496-00103925": "You can see the individual commits, their commit messages and so on,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00244-00103925-00104522": "and that helps you figure out how to resolve the conflict.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00245-00104606-00104907": "Git merge records all of the intermediate states.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00246-00104907-00105356": "Every time you resolve a little conflict, you store it to your repository.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00247-00105356-00105452": "It's there. It's permanent.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00248-00105504-00105908": "In fact, you could push it, you could pull it,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00249-00105908-00106239": "you could share it with a colleague, you could ask the colleague to fix a", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00250-00106239-00106501": "merge conflict in his part of the code.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00251-00106655-00106764": "This isn't all implemented,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00252-00106764-00107026": "but it's pretty trivial because everything's stored in the repository", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00253-00107026-00107186": "with the correct history.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00254-00107740-00107944": "It never shows the same conflict twice.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00255-00107944-00108490": "Once you've resolved the conflict, Git knows how that conflict resolution", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00256-00108490-00108938": "can be applied to further merges. You can test every intermediate state.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00257-00108938-00109167": "Once you've solved one of these mini-conflicts,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00258-00109167-00109605": "you can run your test suite on it and see. You could even tell git-imerge", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00259-00109605-00110078": "to run the test suite as part of its automatic search for conflicts.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00260-00110133-00110393": "If you're not only interested in textual conflicts that Git finds", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00261-00110393-00110650": "for you automatically, you could run your test suite,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00262-00110650-00110839": "and if the test suite fails, you call that a conflict too,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00263-00110839-00111009": "that needs human attention.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00264-00111252-00111533": "If there's a problem and you don't discover it right away,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00265-00111533-00112115": "you could use git bisect to find which of those grid of merges", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00266-00112115-00112301": "was done incorrectly.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00267-00112866-00113189": "It's automated through this script. It's surprisingly fast,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00268-00113295-00113602": "thanks to Git being so fast and also because of this bisection", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00269-00113602-00114004": "algorithm that makes it possible to do it quickly.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00270-00114155-00114705": "The final result can be simplified to be saved in the permanent record", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00271-00114705-00115308": "as a normal merge, a normal rebase or a rebase with history.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00272-00115454-00116086": "I think that's all I wanted to say. If there are any questions,", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00273-00116086-00116415": "then I'd be glad to...", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00274-00116419-00116811": "[@mhagger]", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00275-00116972-00117338": "This is very early results, still, and so I'd love to have", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00276-00117338-00117934": "feedback testing and people contributing. Thank you.", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00277-00117970-00118209": "[applause]", "fAC2tIF-xdU-00278-00118209-00118609": "[Git Merge 2013]"}}, {"audio_id": "fB6vBgkjsFo", "text": {"fB6vBgkjsFo-00000-00000017-00000545": "Wanna find out how your ministers in charge of finance and economy Berat Albayrak and", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00001-00000545-00000906": "Mustafa Varank performed in 2018?", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00002-00000906-00001319": "In a few moments I will reveal you the real truth so pay close attention.", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00003-00001319-00001944": "We will analyze only the single most important metric to determine how successful ministers", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00004-00001944-00002053": "were.", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00005-00002053-00002522": "Here's the deal: Most important metric for economy is: GDP", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00006-00002522-00002773": "per capita based on PPP.", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00007-00002773-00003485": "It's gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00008-00003485-00003740": "and divided by total population.", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00009-00003740-00004247": "Basically it's number that tells you how much stuff can average citizen buy with wage he", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00010-00004247-00004396": "gets every month.", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00011-00004396-00004894": "In countries with higher numbers citizens live great and buy bunch of new things every", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00012-00004894-00004994": "month.", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00013-00004994-00005483": "In countries with low numbers citizens live bad and scrape every month to buy food and", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00014-00005483-00005776": "pay living expenses, just to survive.", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00015-00005776-00006364": "If you are from Turkey comment below how much could you afford in 2018 and were you satisfied", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00016-00006364-00006464": "with that?", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00017-00006464-00006736": "Now: Our data source will be IMF's GDP per capita", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00018-00006736-00006972": "based on PPP rankings report.", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00019-00006972-00007540": "IMF stands for international monetary fund and this organization is the most relevant", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00020-00007540-00007677": "data source in the world.", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00021-00007677-00007777": "We'll analyze 2 main factors.", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00022-00007777-00008251": "Position, in 2018 GDP per capita based on PPP rankings and change in rankings.", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00023-00008251-00008560": "Based on those factors all ministers get grades.", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00024-00008560-00009338": "Grades are: Phenomenal which is the best, Amazing, Excellent, Great, Good, than Fair", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00025-00009338-00010034": "which is neutral, Mediocre, Poor, Bad, Awful, and Abysmal which is the worst.", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00026-00010034-00010585": "If country dropped ranking from last year ministers can't get positive grade.", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00027-00010585-00010746": "Is that clear?", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00028-00010746-00010871": "And now are you ready?", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00029-00010871-00011532": "Turkey ministers in charge of finance and economy Berat Albayrak and Mustafa Varank", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00030-00011532-00011977": "in 2018 performed, drumroll: GOOD.", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00031-00011977-00012427": "You can best visualize it by seeing how high this red arrow is.", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00032-00012427-00012590": "And now a few numbers.", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00033-00012590-00013290": "Their score was 925 and they ranked 63rd among all economy related ministers.", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00034-00013290-00014159": "Turkey was ranked 55th in 2017 which is mid to high and in 2018 they kept their 55th place.", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00035-00014159-00014412": "So as you can see it's GOOD job.", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00036-00014412-00014916": "If you now want to see how leader of Turkey president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan performed", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00037-00014916-00015279": "in 2018 click the link in top right corner.", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00038-00015279-00015393": "And that's not all...", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00039-00015393-00015874": "Let's see few ministers related to economy that performed the best so you can see how", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00040-00015874-00016143": "Phenomenal performance looks like.", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00041-00016143-00016363": "Here is the top of the rankings.", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00042-00016363-00017057": "Ranked number 1 were ministers from Taiwan Su Jain-rong and Shen Jong-chin.", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00043-00017057-00017851": "They did phenomenal job, and Taiwan recorded jump of 3 places in the rankings.", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00044-00017851-00018562": "Ranked number 2 were ministers from Spain María Jesús Montero and Nadia Calviño.", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00045-00018562-00019045": "Phenomenal job, Spain also jumped 3 places in the rankings.", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00046-00019045-00019609": "Ranked number 3 were ministers from China Liu Kun and Zhong Shan.", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00047-00019609-00020226": "And although China ranks little bit lower than Taiwan and Spain, in 2018 they leaped", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00048-00020226-00020673": "4 places from 81st to 77th.", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00049-00020673-00021247": "Now, before you go and watch next video: Remember to subscribe and click bell icon", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00050-00021247-00021530": "so you don't miss new 2019.", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00051-00021530-00021674": "rankings.", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00052-00021674-00022346": "I will analyze 2019 performance as soon as new IMF ratings become available.", "fB6vBgkjsFo-00053-00022346-00022374": "Bye"}}, {"audio_id": "fBhGsjQ8kDQ", "text": {"fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00000-00000176-00000670": "A demonstration to show the effects of very low temperature on superconductors", "fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00001-00000916-00001107": "Have you ever flown through the air?", "fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00002-00001132-00001351": "You can, if you get on this bullet train.", "fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00003-00001380-00001874": "Atrain like this can travel at speed of more than 300 kilometres per hour", "fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00004-00001920-00002239": "This video shows a series of electromagnetic system that", "fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00005-00002256-00002599": "enables the magnetic levitated train to fly on the ground", "fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00006-00002668-00003030": "similar to the demonstration on superconductor shown later", "fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00007-00003124-00003370": "Look at this special track", "fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00008-00003392-00003647": "Rows of magnets are lined around it", "fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00009-00003676-00004107": "The track is magnetic and can attract iron and steel objects", "fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00010-00004128-00004323": "Let's see how a superconductor can be made to move", "fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00011-00004336-00004690": "due to forces generated by this magnetic track", "fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00012-00004776-00005047": "This superconductor here is wrapped in aluminium foil", "fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00013-00005068-00005467": "lt does not move easily by itself due to friction between the 2 surfaces", "fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00014-00005600-00005871": "Now, let us cool the superconductor and see what happens.", "fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00015-00005908-00006151": "We will use liquid nitrogen.", "fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00016-00006168-00006827": "Liquid Nitrogen has a temperature of 77 Kelvin or -1 96 degree Celsius", "fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00017-00006976-00007222": "The aluminium foil helps to trap liquid nitrogen around the", "fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00018-00007240-00007511": "superconductor and keeps the material cool", "fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00019-00007668-00008162": "What will happen when we place the superconductor on the magnetic track?", "fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00020-00008216-00008295": "Amazing!", "fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00021-00008320-00008595": "The superconductor is able to float above the track", "fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00022-00008628-00008858": "Can you explain why?", "fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00023-00008896-00009207": "The superconductor is able to float above the track because", "fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00024-00009228-00009487": "the weight of the superconductor is balanced by", "fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00025-00009496-00009855": "an upward magnetic force from the magnets on the track", "fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00026-00010040-00010534": "Look what happens when we give the superconductor a little push!", "fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00027-00010560-00011054": "Wow! lt can fly above the track - just like a bullet train!", "fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00028-00011188-00011503": "What will happen if we flipped the magnetic track over?", "fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00029-00011520-00011963": "Do you think the superconductor would stay suspended in the air like before?", "fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00030-00012004-00012139": "Let's try it!", "fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00031-00012268-00012519": "Wow! l t is able to float below the track!", "fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00032-00012544-00012967": "The weight of the superconductor acting downwards is balanced by", "fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00033-00012988-00013187": "an upward magnetic pull from the magnets", "fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00034-00013280-00013655": "That makes it possible for it to stay suspended below the track", "fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00035-00013684-00013911": "Amazing, isn't it?"}}, {"audio_id": "fBpsrHkAuM8", "text": {"fBpsrHkAuM8-00000-00000104-00000264": "Pompeu Fabra University", "fBpsrHkAuM8-00001-00000296-00000451": "is a public university,", "fBpsrHkAuM8-00002-00000474-00000720": "highly competitive in research", "fBpsrHkAuM8-00003-00000752-00000961": "and with a vocation for educational transformation", "fBpsrHkAuM8-00004-00000996-00001258": "to respond to the challenges of the future.", "fBpsrHkAuM8-00005-00001358-00001782": "The university is closely linked to the city of Barcelona.", "fBpsrHkAuM8-00006-00001862-00002438": "A city with a privileged climate, and with an open, modern and cosmopolitan character.", "fBpsrHkAuM8-00007-00002538-00002932": "Internationalisation is a fundamental mission for the UPF.", "fBpsrHkAuM8-00008-00003032-00003504": "The composition of its community and the focus of its training and research", "fBpsrHkAuM8-00009-00003542-00003728": "attract international talent.", "fBpsrHkAuM8-00010-00003788-00004020": "Diversity is in the air on campus,", "fBpsrHkAuM8-00011-00004065-00004372": "creating unique opportunities for students.", "fBpsrHkAuM8-00012-00004458-00004964": "The university has agreements with 390 institutions worldwide,", "fBpsrHkAuM8-00013-00005022-00005308": "10 of them Chinese universities.", "fBpsrHkAuM8-00014-00005390-00005900": "It offers cross-sectoral and interdisciplinary programmes in 8 areas of knowledge.", "fBpsrHkAuM8-00015-00005970-00006476": "It fosters new learning methodologies and skills training.", "fBpsrHkAuM8-00016-00006545-00006772": "With nearly 13,000 students,", "fBpsrHkAuM8-00017-00006772-00007338": "the UPF is one of the smallest public universities in the Spanish university system.", "fBpsrHkAuM8-00018-00007423-00007772": "This gives it more of a human dimension,", "fBpsrHkAuM8-00019-00007808-00008081": "with smaller groups and more personalised attention.", "fBpsrHkAuM8-00020-00008216-00008356": "Despite its youth,", "fBpsrHkAuM8-00021-00008400-00008808": "the university has an established international pedigree", "fBpsrHkAuM8-00022-00008886-00009338": "and enjoys a fine standing in the main university rankings.", "fBpsrHkAuM8-00023-00009460-00010094": "Pompeu Fabra Univeristy is essentially a space for debate, discussion and reflection,", "fBpsrHkAuM8-00024-00010180-00010702": "an “ideas factory” which offers tools for deciphering and interacting with the world."}}, {"audio_id": "fBSxMDgcL2I", "text": {"fBSxMDgcL2I-00000-00000240-00000819": "I will tell you of a fellow, Of a fellow I have seen;", "fBSxMDgcL2I-00001-00000819-00001458": "Who is neither white nor yellow, But is altogether green;", "fBSxMDgcL2I-00002-00001458-00001918": "And his name it isn't charming, For it's only common Bill,", "fBSxMDgcL2I-00003-00001918-00002658": "And he wishes me to wed him, But I hardly think I will.", "fBSxMDgcL2I-00004-00002658-00003014": "He was here the other night, And he made so long a stay", "fBSxMDgcL2I-00005-00003014-00003421": "I began to think the gump-head Would never go away;", "fBSxMDgcL2I-00006-00003421-00004025": "Oh, he talked of devotion, Of devotion pure and bright,", "fBSxMDgcL2I-00007-00004025-00004830": "And don't you think the fool-killer He nearly stayed all night.", "fBSxMDgcL2I-00008-00004830-00005385": "And he wants me for to wed him, And the very deuce is in it,", "fBSxMDgcL2I-00009-00005385-00005953": "For he says if I refuse him He cannot live a minute;", "fBSxMDgcL2I-00010-00005953-00006487": "And you know the blessed Bible It teaches not to kill,", "fBSxMDgcL2I-00011-00006487-00006972": "And I've thought the matter over, And I guess I'll marry Bill."}}, {"audio_id": "fBYwcOdPEEA", "text": {"fBYwcOdPEEA-00000-00000000-00000602": "I wish everyone in Saint Paul could see what I've seen my first six months as", "fBYwcOdPEEA-00001-00000602-00001046": "your superintendent. I have visited 55 schools along with many district", "fBYwcOdPEEA-00002-00001046-00001470": "programs and I've met with hundreds of our community members. I've seen students", "fBYwcOdPEEA-00003-00001470-00001844": "who are deeply engaged in learning . I've talked with teachers who love their work.", "fBYwcOdPEEA-00004-00001844-00002303": "I've heard from parents excited about their children's future and I've met", "fBYwcOdPEEA-00005-00002303-00002768": "with community partners eager to help us shape our efforts.Together we have a lot", "fBYwcOdPEEA-00006-00002768-00003236": "to look forward to in 2018 as we plan what the future holds for our students.", "fBYwcOdPEEA-00007-00003236-00003893": "My family and I wish you and your family all the very best in the new year"}}, {"audio_id": "fBZ56Srth3Y", "text": {"fBZ56Srth3Y-00000-00000096-00000456": "hello hello hello everyone it's kenisha with currency queen budgets", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00001-00000456-00000888": "in this video i wanted to show you guys how i stay organized", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00002-00000888-00001592": "on the go if that is something that you're interested in stay tuned", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00003-00002928-00003615": "all right so you guys know that i am a huge planner girl i do have some videos", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00004-00003615-00004528": "where i will i actually did a planner set up i will link that video up here and you", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00005-00004528-00005288": "all can go back in watch how i actually set up my planners but um i carry a planner everywhere i go", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00006-00005344-00005784": "and they're just like they're huge and i just wanted something small", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00007-00005864-00006672": "and something that's customized to what i actually need on a day-to-day basis um so what i did is i", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00008-00006672-00007200": "actually created um planners to take with me on the go that without being", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00009-00007200-00008168": "so bulky so so what i have today i am going to do a quick uh flip through through my a6 and my a5", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00010-00008320-00008928": "first i want to start with my a5 and we'll do a quick flip through most everything in this um", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00011-00009016-00010112": "and this that i created so i have here my actual it's just a little bookmark here and then i have", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00012-00010192-00011016": "um my manifestation money here which is a thousand dollars that i keep with me and then i have some", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00013-00011016-00011968": "stickers here from planner cake i haven't made any um stickers for myself that i'm that i actually", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00014-00011968-00012672": "want to use for my planner i haven't made any to go in here as of yet but i will get on to get to", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00015-00012672-00013376": "that this right here is a couple of dashboards that i i was playing around with and i made this", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00016-00013376-00013856": "this is transparent it's just my name how to pronounce my name then a definition of", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00017-00013856-00014512": "my name which is one with beautiful eyes diamond and sunshine that is the meaning of my name this", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00018-00014512-00015384": "is an actual um dashboard that i purchased from the planner press i do have the subscription for", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00019-00015440-00016336": "her digital dash box her digital dashboard how is it a digital dash box i i forget i", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00020-00016336-00016984": "forget the actual name of it but i will um link it across the screen put the name across the screen", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00021-00017232-00018016": "and i will also drop the link to her website as well so you can if y'all want to purchase", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00022-00018152-00018848": "this dashboard and then i just have some sticky notes here that i just take around with me in", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00023-00018848-00019648": "the end my favorite my anime i love animes um and i did create this dashboard here and then i", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00024-00019648-00020280": "was playing around also and i made a clear pocket here i'm not sure what i'll actually keep in here", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00025-00020376-00020960": "my thing that i was thinking when i first made it was i wanted to actually drop my dashboards", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00026-00020960-00021528": "in here without having to punch holes in them but i noticed that my dashboards are actually kind of", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00027-00021648-00022024": "just you know it's tight when they go in there so i would have to cut them down", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00028-00022024-00022584": "and i haven't just got around to actually doing that and then i have um", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00029-00022776-00023208": "a transparent divider here that i purchased from amazon and i will link that below it's", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00030-00023208-00023880": "eight five size as you guys know i mean my a5 and then this is a dashboard that i made myself", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00031-00023968-00024584": "and it's just um a to-do list now i haven't organized this exactly how i want this to", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00032-00024656-00025312": "actually sit in my planner but it's just i just want to do a quick quick um flip through before i", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00033-00025312-00026168": "actually got started in in this planner so um the next thing i will go to is these pages i actually", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00034-00026224-00026992": "personalize these for myself i just put my name here and then put um my girl here sitting on this", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00035-00027064-00027624": "pink cup just to match my planner and i have those and then i actually did some", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00036-00027624-00028376": "without the to-do list just plain here so um and the next thing we go to is in my calendar", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00037-00028536-00029112": "and this is also transparent here and i actually made this dashboard", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00038-00029183-00029824": "here myself as well and i just actually put um washi tape on here just to give it a little sass", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00039-00029944-00030512": "just a little bit of sass not a whole lot but just a little bit and um", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00040-00030752-00031376": "here oh here cuz i forget that this is here here i have let me switch this around because", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00041-00031376-00032144": "those magnets get stuck i purchased these magnets from ollie i will actually um drop the etsy shop", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00042-00032216-00032912": "down below in the descriptions but here i actually had a um misprint i printed this on", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00043-00032984-00033528": "one of my printers then i went back and i printed this side the same thing on another printer and it", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00044-00033528-00034096": "actually kind of misprinted and the print stopped right here for some reason so what i did was", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00045-00034096-00034600": "i went and got my washi tape and i just kind of covered that up you can still kind of see", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00046-00034600-00035184": "that flower through there if you actually look closely and my butterflies over here so i just", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00047-00035184-00036336": "took some washi tape and i just covered covered that up this is another um another divider and", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00048-00036536-00037264": "my ollies are getting stuck together okay and then i actually have a planner routine", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00049-00037336-00038080": "i printed this one on valium and this is just everything that i plan on doing", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00050-00038272-00039040": "this is another dashboard that i created just to go behind this and i think that actually looks", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00051-00039040-00039888": "really really pretty together so i'll know what i need to do on a um for my yearly", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00052-00039888-00040784": "my monthly my weekly m my my daily and um this was inspired by", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00053-00040936-00041720": "elaine michelle yeah elaine michelle um i got this from her from youtube so i created me one because", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00054-00041720-00042400": "i thought it was kind of neat it was it's really neat um and then this one isn't she cute she's so", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00055-00042400-00043536": "cute she is like my favorite that i did she's like really cute and this is um laminated as well um", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00056-00043536-00044520": "and then i go into my my monthly spread now this came in it's undated and i will have these on my", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00057-00044520-00045280": "etsy store but what i did is i took some washi tape and i actually uh put it here instead of", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00058-00045280-00045808": "putting a month up there because a lot of times on my regular planners i'll cover up the month and", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00059-00045880-00046768": "put a sticker there you know but i didn't have any stickers printed out so what i did i just i'm just", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00060-00046768-00047312": "going to only have one month in here so i know what money it is but i'll have my washi tape to", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00061-00047312-00048144": "actually go with the actual month and then um this silver here is actually washi tape too if you all", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00062-00048144-00048912": "can see that and then i added these stickers here these stickers are from happy planner", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00063-00048992-00049976": "and then as well as these oculus stickers is well now i don't write on my monthly at all in", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00064-00049976-00050584": "any of my planners let me get let me grab one of my planners so i can show you guys", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00065-00050944-00051672": "so this is my june layout um for this planner and as you guys can see i really don't write", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00066-00051672-00052248": "in it i just put my stickers here and if it's a sticker there i know that that is something", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00067-00052248-00053144": "that i actually need to go and um go in look at i know i have something planned for that day so", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00068-00053144-00053872": "what i'll do is if i got something here i'll just flip to the ninth and see what is there i don't", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00069-00053872-00054632": "have anything written down on these layouts yet because i want to do the this video first before i", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00070-00054632-00055328": "put anything personal on here and then this is actually the dashboard to the back of my layout", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00071-00055328-00055848": "is being broke as childish and i'm quite grown and there is a quote from jay-z as you guys can", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00072-00055848-00056432": "see i put that there and then here and then this is another to-do list um this will probably be", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00073-00056432-00057136": "kind of like a doodle or you know as you can see i put you know some stickers added stickers here and", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00074-00057136-00057616": "i'll write in whatever i need to do like something my priorities will probably go here i'm not sure", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00075-00057616-00058408": "yet and then um here is my weekly layout as you guys can see i already started putting my stickers", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00076-00058408-00059512": "in for my bills um and this this and then and this is the next week and then i actually did a um i", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00077-00059512-00060120": "guess i'll call this a planner mark instead of a bookmark this is my planner page mark and i put", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00078-00060120-00060855": "the host in it to actually keep it in place that way if i have this closed i can actually just find", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00079-00060855-00061416": "her head here they're sticking out i don't know if you guys can see that yeah so i can actually", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00080-00061416-00062336": "just go here and then flip to the week that i want to go to or the week that i'm actually in um but", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00081-00062488-00062960": "i have every week and then i have my birthday marked already which is august the 16th", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00082-00063048-00063808": "and i have my um bill do and then i'll have to put my paydays in here but i left this blank for", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00083-00063808-00064728": "the purpose of the video and then back here i have my notes i have another divider here", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00084-00064728-00065424": "which i have to make um my words and put them here there'll be probably some clear stickers so here", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00085-00065520-00066072": "is my inbox section and guys i am so obsessed with the the clear", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00086-00066224-00066848": "dashboards i love them so i this is my inbox and i actually made an extra divider", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00087-00066904-00067464": "and i made an extra dashboard and just kind of clipped this on here so this actually kind of", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00088-00067464-00068360": "go together i think she's very very cute so i'm gonna put that back there um and i do have some", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00089-00068512-00069312": "some die cuts that i made to actually go on to my my paper clips i just went blank", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00090-00069312-00070048": "i don't know why i just went blank then i have another divider and then i like i said yeah i love", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00091-00070104-00070912": "this transparent um this is just the end um i have one that says and she conquered her fears but i", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00092-00070912-00071904": "just wanted to leave it in because she is sassy like in wet and wet yeah actually cute beautiful", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00093-00071992-00072984": "so this is my gold section and then here i have um my gold sheet i purchased this from", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00094-00073264-00073952": "i can't remember where i purchased this from but i actually um put gold digger up here i printed this", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00095-00074016-00074664": "on here to make it you know more personal for me and then i have", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00096-00074784-00075496": "actual note sheet you know my personalized note sheets and these sheets will be on my etsy store", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00097-00075616-00076208": "for you guys to go and order those and then i have my section for my self-care", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00098-00076352-00077128": "just self-care how to pronounce it and then i have the definition here um and then i made this", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00099-00077128-00077768": "personal for me because i am enough i actually put an affirmation behind my self-care and i think", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00100-00077768-00078232": "you know i think this goes very well y'all and looking at this y'all i really love it", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00101-00078232-00079056": "isn't she beautiful it's beautiful like i love it together self-care so i actually wrote you know", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00102-00079176-00079800": "some things out so this will probably i will have like a more of a journal in section for that", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00103-00079944-00080320": "um and then to get to my beauty here", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00104-00080480-00081272": "this is uh another transparent divider y'all look at her ain't she cute i'm just gonna try i'm just", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00105-00081272-00081880": "gonna sit this here for a minute and let y'all look at it let me raise it up son y'all look", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00106-00082064-00082720": "she beautiful to me i don't know about y'all but i just think she beautiful beautiful beautiful", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00107-00082720-00083160": "and i don't think i would ever take her out switch this out for month month to month i did", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00108-00083160-00083968": "put her on a transparent as you guys see like i said i love my transparent and i actually um", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00109-00084120-00084528": "what's a little quote right here girls just want to have fun and i just put", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00110-00084528-00085384": "you know budget right here and see look she still look cute even if i covered up the words y'all", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00111-00085384-00086080": "look at her she's still look cute i think she's going to be my signature um doll here for this", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00112-00086080-00086568": "so let's get into this budget section as you guys know i have my budget by paycheck", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00113-00086568-00087112": "and i just pulled out some of those forms and put them in here and i actually laminated it", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00114-00087112-00087600": "because i didn't want to have to keep on printing those off so i can just write on here with my", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00115-00087600-00088232": "sharpie and then wipe it off at the end of the month so i can keep up with my budget if um at", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00116-00088232-00088760": "work on lunch and i want to sit down you know and do a budget or wherever i'm in i can sit", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00117-00088760-00089320": "down and get my budget ready because sometimes i do get busy and i'll get behind on my videos so", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00118-00089408-00090096": "that'll help me kind of kind of stay on top of things and i do um slid all of my", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00119-00090176-00090784": "all of my um dashboards i put a slit in there so i won't have to keep opening up my", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00120-00090904-00091736": "my planner here um these will actually be on my etsy shop and i actually kind of did like a um", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00121-00091736-00092408": "a lv overtime background on these so i'm not sure if i want to do these on an insta store", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00122-00092408-00093024": "or whatever because i don't easy to ding me um for using those trying to sell these but", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00123-00093096-00094400": "yeah these are all in my um what is it called my um my my book i use on budget with me my paycheck", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00124-00094400-00094888": "my planner budget by paycheck that's what it is how am i going to fit my own name of my book", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00125-00094960-00095360": "um but i don't have these notes section in there this is the only thing that's not in there", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00126-00095360-00095968": "we have our monthly manifestation here our paycheck tracker all you need is a sharpie", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00127-00096032-00096848": "to fill this out i actually added some um pink pictures here to kind of go with the theme of my", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00128-00096936-00097664": "my planner here my a5 binder and i split this up i put the bills in the variable expenses on", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00129-00097728-00098288": "the front and then on the back i actually added the sinking funds and the extra savings", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00130-00098288-00098896": "here and then i have my cash stuffing tracker and then a cash driven track here then i have", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00131-00098896-00099488": "my weekly expenses because a lot of times i'm out and i can just um once i leave the store i can sit", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00132-00099488-00100072": "down and i can write it in that way i don't forget because sometimes i do forget to come back and add", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00133-00100072-00100664": "those weekly expenses in or i'll get a receipt and i'll put it you know in my water to drop it in a", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00134-00100664-00101232": "person sometimes i put it in the bag and i forgot to forget to get it out the bag so i can just um", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00135-00101232-00101912": "stop and write everything down here then transfer it to my budget by paycheck and then here is my", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00136-00101912-00102600": "weekly planner instead of me uh my weekly meal planner i'm sorry um i can write down you know", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00137-00102600-00103320": "what we're going to eat or what i did cook for that day and then um i can just my grocery list", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00138-00103320-00103800": "and i can just take this out and drop it in my purse and just take this to the store with", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00139-00103800-00104288": "me or i can just take my whole binder is what i normally do is i'll take my binder", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00140-00104400-00104856": "and do that so me and the kids we actually sit down and we'll do the meals together and", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00141-00104856-00105335": "what they want to eat because i do give them an option of what what they do want to eat", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00142-00105408-00106152": "this right here section is my faceless girl um and this will be for my", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00143-00106224-00106928": "books that i'm reading i haven't did the form yet i haven't printed it out i have one um in my", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00144-00107000-00107664": "planners that i've made for um that i've made because i do design planners as well", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00145-00107735-00108359": "so i will pull out that form and actually print it in i won't not laminate that um because", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00146-00108416-00109128": "that'll just be for the year so this is there and then i purchased this folder from hobby lobby and", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00147-00109128-00109904": "then i actually made more bookmarks and you know i'm just playing around with this one this one is", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00148-00109904-00110624": "kind of a thicker one just trying to see what i like and yes this does snap in here and i", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00149-00110624-00111335": "made it a little taller so it could stick out as well and these will be on my etsy store as well", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00150-00111488-00112183": "um and that is all for this planner i hope you guys like it", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00151-00112248-00112752": "but this is like so pretty to me but y'all let me go back to let me take y'all back to my budgie", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00152-00112864-00113720": "because she just so stinking cute ain't she cute she's so cute to me but let me go through my a", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00153-00113792-00114616": "um my a6 and i was just go through my a6 um real quick and it's kind of almost the same thing", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00154-00114680-00115152": "i made a small envelope it's like a little cash envelope i can just put money there kind", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00155-00115152-00115935": "of forget about it i put just put the dollar in there just to kind of um get a feel of it and", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00156-00115935-00116959": "i just wanted to match it with this um binder here so here here again is another one this is", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00157-00116959-00117904": "clear and this is another dashboard from planner press that was for july", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00158-00118072-00118872": "i mean from digital dash box that was for um the month of july so i just printed that out and i", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00159-00118872-00119511": "oh i forgot i put some gold flakes in there can you see those i put the gold flakes up in there", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00160-00119688-00120168": "but like i said i'm so obsessed with the clear with the clear dashboards", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00161-00120392-00121240": "okay and then here is for um she's cute i thought she's really cute this is for my monthly layout", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00162-00121304-00121935": "and i don't have anything on here yet um and then here's this and", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00163-00122056-00122840": "you know this is kind of similar to what what we just saw and then here's their self-care again and", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00164-00122840-00123496": "another dashboard behind it that i made you know i just said styling grace with my heels and purse", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00165-00123728-00124640": "um and then i just designed this you know this is two women and i just did this in my my sister just", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00166-00124640-00125080": "you know just something me and my sister and it's like a little dog and they're looking out", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00167-00125080-00125496": "on the ocean y'all just i just thought it was so cute so i just made it and put it in there", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00168-00125559-00126304": "um then i have a track what you expect that dashboard and i just have dash voice", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00169-00126304-00127032": "in here with the um notes page i haven't written anything in there um then i have my planner girl", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00170-00127248-00127896": "and here's here this is where i plan on kind of journaling i think some days are just you know", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00171-00127992-00128935": "blah and then my starbucks dashboard and these um also came from digital dashbox for july and", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00172-00128935-00129848": "then my favorite position is ceo and then another one that i made and this is if y'all on my youtube", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00173-00129848-00130528": "y'all know what this is this is my youtube uh my banner on my youtube and i just printed it out on", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00174-00130608-00131360": "um clear paper and laminated and i just put a clear i mean just a white dashboard", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00175-00131360-00131896": "so you can actually actually see it and i thought that was so cute and so neat", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00176-00132080-00133184": "i like it um and then here is um this starts my budget section i just did a lv dashboard here", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00177-00133240-00133824": "and then like in the a5 it's it's kind of the same thing is just have the brown", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00178-00133880-00134640": "lv background it's the same thing same exact thing and then here i just made um", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00179-00134736-00135520": "a lv cash envelope and i just put my name here and go i'm just playing around with it and i thought", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00180-00135520-00136320": "it was kind of cute and i did do a clear backing and then i have my 1 000 manifestation money here", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00181-00136512-00137744": "and then i just made a um envelope and i just put lv on there and gold and then i also created a um", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00182-00137896-00138464": "a thing for my to keep my sticky notes just so i can have sticky notes with me at all times you", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00183-00138464-00139264": "know it's not very thick if you guys can see that and um i want to say i purchased these", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00184-00139400-00140040": "these sticky notes from dollar store the dollar store and i just kind of rearranged them on here", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00185-00140040-00140696": "how i wanted to actually fit this card to fit inside of here and i think those are very cute as", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00186-00140696-00141872": "well but that is how i actually organize myself on the go let's watch y'all look at this again cute", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00187-00141976-00142432": "i just think it's all cute y'all and it's it's like me and it's so convenient for", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00188-00142432-00143016": "me to just carry around um these i can i carry this one most of the time in my purse", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00189-00143016-00143512": "and if i'm out and about i just carry this in my arm i just hold it and i think it's so cute", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00190-00143512-00144264": "it makes me feel sophisticated too but um that is all for this video that is how i stay stay", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00191-00144264-00145104": "um that's how i stay organized on the go if this is a video that you all would like to see more of", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00192-00145104-00145992": "i will be making more and changing into the next month when um it's that time so guys i appreciate", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00193-00145992-00146576": "you all for um stopping by and watching this video if you're still here thank you thank you", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00194-00146576-00147184": "thank you you are very much appreciated uh just let me know what you think about about my setup", "fBZ56Srth3Y-00195-00147320-00148584": "let me know and as you all know i always want you to be blessed queenies bye"}}, {"audio_id": "fC1FDkI13II", "text": {"fC1FDkI13II-00000-00000394-00000494": "There kids are amazing", "fC1FDkI13II-00001-00000494-00000694": "Look at them go"}}, {"audio_id": "fCptUU2nfIo", "text": {"fCptUU2nfIo-00000-00000333-00001033": "<font color=\"#00FFFF\">I've made a prediction.</font>", "fCptUU2nfIo-00001-00001642-00002574": "<font color=\"#00FFFF\">'coz I don't have any spectator, let me shuffle it by my self,</font>", "fCptUU2nfIo-00002-00003083-00004592": "<font color=\"#00FFFF\">then make 3 piles by deal 2 cards at a time, & separate them by colors.</font>", "fCptUU2nfIo-00003-00004501-00011001": "Red Red - Red Black - Black Black", "fCptUU2nfIo-00004-00011501-00012510": "<font color=\"#00FFFF\">just ignore the R-B pile,</font>", "fCptUU2nfIo-00005-00012710-00013519": "<font color=\"#00FFFF\">& count the cards in remaining piles.</font>", "fCptUU2nfIo-00006-00014019-00015528": "<font color=\"#FF0000\">REDS</font> = 12", "fCptUU2nfIo-00007-00015528-00016036": "<font color=\"#FF0000\">REDS</font> = 12, <font color=\"#000000\">BLACKS</font> = 16.", "fCptUU2nfIo-00008-00016036-00016778": "<font color=\"#00FFFF\">now let's see my prediction.</font>"}}, {"audio_id": "fC_a-MdN6wE", "text": {"fC_a-MdN6wE-00000-00000000-00000213": "Suda, Where are we go ?", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00001-00000240-00000310": "不老田(bu,lao,tian)Again!", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00002-00000430-00000493": "This time…", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00003-00000493-00000667": "The store should be open", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00004-00000750-00000977": "I didn’t see the “Day off”", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00005-00001077-00001247": "Let’s go!", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00006-00001441-00001541": "不老田咖啡坊 BuLaoTain Café & Cocktail", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00007-00006659-00006876": "A good smell", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00008-00007106-00007194": "Daily soup", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00009-00007388-00007676": "And big garlic", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00010-00008042-00008198": "Do you want to eat salad?", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00011-00009836-00010004": "Worth to buy it to take out", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00012-00010312-00010744": "After eat the seafood potato salad", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00013-00010744-00011124": "some people will take out one", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00014-00011147-00011231": "Seafood", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00015-00011231-00011388": "Shrimp in", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00016-00013790-00013972": "I will eat up, not to remain!", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00017-00014063-00014167": "You like potato, but I don’t get it to you", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00018-00014564-00014878": "Another, colorful lettuce salad", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00019-00014878-00015002": "Thousand Island dressing", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00020-00017458-00017582": "House Special Latte", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00021-00018161-00018314": "Fruit Tea", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00022-00018688-00018815": "I drink it", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00023-00020064-00020284": "Garlic Pork Rice", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00024-00020530-00020618": "Let’s see", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00025-00021084-00021161": "What in", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00026-00021161-00021751": "Pork, garlic sauce, broccoli, sweet potato and cabbage", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00027-00021986-00022050": "And… rice", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00028-00022306-00022392": "Taste?", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00029-00022399-00022542": "Rice is soft", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00030-00022861-00022979": "Then my meal doesn’t done yet", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00031-00022992-00023333": "Originally, I order Curry Pork Rice", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00032-00023334-00023498": "But sold out", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00033-00023874-00023958": "招牌蜜燒雞腿飯Honey chicken with rice", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00034-00024060-00024410": "non-staple food are the same", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00035-00024427-00024731": "Sweet potato, cabbage and rice", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00036-00024731-00024864": "My rice is triangle", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00037-00025138-00025318": "Tri... triangle (Taiwanese)", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00038-00025518-00025638": "Triangle in Taiwanese", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00039-00025836-00025936": "#Welcome to correct us(?)", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00040-00026892-00027076": "My hands are also flexible", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00041-00027254-00027320": "so honey", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00042-00027320-00027577": "A little caramel in the surface", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00043-00027577-00027688": "Chicken with honey", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00044-00027814-00027930": "I didn’t bite the bone", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00045-00028635-00028882": "So… chicken’s leg?", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00046-00030039-00030160": "Meat section", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00047-00030512-00030574": "布朗尼 Brownie", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00048-00031211-00031398": "Its surface is so crisp", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00049-00031698-00031851": "Soft in", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00050-00031855-00031951": "Crisp out", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00051-00031958-00032252": "When I cut it. “crisp”", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00052-00034788-00035141": "檸檬塔 Lemon tart", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00053-00035438-00035528": "Same fork", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00054-00038081-00038198": "So sweet", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00055-00038221-00038665": "Because the frosting on it", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00056-00038718-00038895": "Grandma’s lemon cake(the frosting)", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00057-00039275-00039456": "原味蜂蜜蜂巢拔絲鬆餅Honey Cheese waffle", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00058-00040417-00040630": "All the waffle?", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00059-00040630-00040797": "Only center?", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00060-00040797-00040897": "The center is waffle", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00061-00040914-00041111": "Cheese around", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00062-00042188-00042365": "Its taste special", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00063-00043030-00043156": "By the way, here", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00064-00043156-00043356": "The cheese around", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00065-00043363-00043640": "It will stringy, if you pick it up", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00066-00043927-00044164": "That's why it's called the name", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00067-00044230-00044411": "Be careful ~it's hot~", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00068-00046543-00046733": "The first time to eat", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00069-00046733-00046853": "I don’t know how to", "fC_a-MdN6wE-00070-00047687-00047797": "Salty and sweet"}}, {"audio_id": "fCAZCVRqa-o", "text": {"fCAZCVRqa-o-00000-00000036-00000119": "- Well, hello again.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00001-00000119-00000552": "Welcome to our class, Leviticus for Beginners,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00002-00000552-00000675": "Training in Holiness.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00003-00000675-00000939": "I'm your teacher for this series,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00004-00000939-00001275": "Mike Mazzalongo, BibleTalk.tv.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00005-00001275-00001638": "This is lesson number nine entitled", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00006-00001638-00001857": "A Consecrated Priesthood.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00007-00001857-00001982": "And this is Part II.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00008-00001982-00002195": "I told you there was lots of information", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00009-00002195-00002428": "in the book of Leviticus about the consecration", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00010-00002428-00002733": "of the priest.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00011-00002733-00003190": "Well, chapter 10 closes out the first", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00012-00003321-00003783": "section of Leviticus where the manner", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00013-00003783-00004158": "and the regulations concerning the priestly duties", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00014-00004158-00004491": "of offering sacrifices for themselves, first of all.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00015-00004491-00004815": "And then for the people are explained", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00016-00004815-00005091": "in chapters one to seven.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00017-00005091-00005334": "Then in chapters eight, nine, and 10,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00018-00005334-00005655": "God provides the process in which the priests", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00019-00005655-00006111": "were consecrated and ordained into ministry", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00020-00006111-00006330": "on behalf of the people.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00021-00006330-00006648": "In the Book of Exodus, we read about the building", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00022-00006648-00006828": "of the tabernacle", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00023-00006828-00007206": "and the making of the priestly clothes.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00024-00007206-00007459": "And then in Leviticus,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00025-00007459-00007743": "we learned about the sacrificial system,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00026-00007743-00008142": "what had to be done, the procedures that had to be followed,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00027-00008142-00008642": "all given by God to Moses, who gave them to Aaron.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00028-00008658-00009158": "And then there was the consecration of the priesthood,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00029-00009207-00009630": "to get them ready to begin serving the people.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00030-00009630-00009838": "Well, as is the case", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00031-00010035-00010535": "when God prepares a setting and a life for His people,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00032-00010651-00010912": "I mentioned this last time,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00033-00010912-00011310": "it isn't long before they fall into sin.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00034-00011310-00011604": "The high points are always followed by low points.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00035-00011763-00012193": "The tabernacle is built, the priests are dressed,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00036-00012327-00012480": "they're trained,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00037-00012480-00012714": "they're consecrated, they're ordained.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00038-00012714-00012964": "The people see a sign from God.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00039-00012964-00013251": "Tremendous spiritual high point.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00040-00013476-00013629": "But then that high point,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00041-00013629-00013959": "as we will soon see, falls into a low point.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00042-00013959-00014409": "Just to give you an idea of this cycle throughout history,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00043-00014409-00014649": "it begins with Adam and Eve.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00044-00014649-00015015": "God gives Adam and Eve paradise, and what do they do?", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00045-00015015-00015480": "They disobey and they're removed from paradise.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00046-00015480-00015870": "Cain and Abel are living freely and in peace", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00047-00015870-00016319": "until Cain kills Abel, Genesis four,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00048-00016319-00016764": "God cleanses the earth and He sets Noah and his family", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00049-00016764-00016905": "to restore it.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00050-00016905-00017184": "And what does Noah do after all of that?", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00051-00017184-00017551": "Noah gets drunk, he's naked in his tent,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00052-00017551-00018039": "and we have the problem with his sons.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00053-00018039-00018318": "Then the Israelites are miraculously freed", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00054-00018318-00018477": "from Egyptian slavery,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00055-00018477-00018966": "and while Moses is receiving the law directly from God,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00056-00018966-00019206": "what happens below the mountain, right?", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00057-00019206-00019434": "The people fall into idolatry", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00058-00019434-00019909": "and drag Aaron, the future high priest, into their sin", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00059-00019909-00020283": "with them, Exodus chapter 32.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00060-00020283-00020595": "So this, the same cycle repeats itself", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00061-00020595-00020940": "as the period of preparation is completed.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00062-00020940-00021198": "Aaron and his four sons are ordained", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00063-00021198-00021441": "and they begin their ministry as priests", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00064-00021441-00021941": "at the tabernacle of God on behalf of God's chosen people.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00065-00021942-00022442": "Failure mars their very first efforts at service.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00066-00022659-00022860": "And so we read about this failure.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00067-00022860-00023067": "There are two failures we're going to talk about today.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00068-00023067-00023565": "The first failure, number one is with Nadab and Abihu.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00069-00023565-00023805": "So let's read chapter 10", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00070-00023805-00024063": "if you're following along in your Bibles,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00071-00024063-00024237": "verse one to three.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00072-00024237-00024423": "It says, \"Now, Nadab and Abihu,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00073-00024423-00024828": "the sons of Aaron, took the respective fire pans", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00074-00024828-00025047": "and after putting fire in them,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00075-00025047-00025386": "placed incense on it and offered strange fire", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00076-00025386-00025710": "before the Lord, which he had not commanded them.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00077-00025710-00026022": "And fire came out from the presence of the Lord", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00078-00026022-00026420": "and consumed them, and they died before the Lord.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00079-00026420-00026570": "Then Moses said to Aaron,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00080-00026570-00026994": "'It is what the Lord spoke saying by those who come near Me,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00081-00026994-00027385": "I will be treated as holy, and before all the people", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00082-00027385-00027570": "I will be honored.'", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00083-00027570-00027977": "So Aaron therefore kept silent.\"", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00084-00027977-00028308": "Well, I want you to note that less than a year", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00085-00028308-00028808": "has taken place since the golden calf incident happened,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00086-00028989-00029489": "and this familiar cycle is now repeating itself,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00087-00029627-00030027": "less than a year before we had the golden calf incident.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00088-00030027-00030374": "And now we have this particular incident", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00089-00030374-00030874": "that takes place with the Aaron's two oldest sons.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00090-00031070-00031277": "God delivered them from Egypt", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00091-00031277-00031502": "with mighty signs and wonders.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00092-00031502-00031964": "God had safely led them to Mount Sinai before bringing them", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00093-00031964-00032085": "into the Promised Land.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00094-00032085-00032402": "God makes a covenant with them to be their God,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00095-00032402-00032679": "and they exclusively His people.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00096-00032679-00033066": "This was a situation that guaranteed them safety", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00097-00033066-00033453": "and prosperity and the land that would be theirs.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00098-00033453-00033801": "All of this for a people, think about it now,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00099-00033801-00034222": "God is giving all of this to a people who lived as slaves,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00100-00034222-00034683": "who had no national identity or leadership,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00101-00034683-00035103": "and were doomed to systematic extinction by a nation", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00102-00035103-00035466": "who feared and despised them, the Egyptians.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00103-00035466-00035860": "I mean, that was the situation of the Israelites", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00104-00036063-00036504": "a year before this particular event took place.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00105-00036504-00036951": "So as God with Moses is preparing the plans for a place,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00106-00036951-00037197": "a tabernacle, where they can worship Him", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00107-00037197-00037566": "and an acceptable manner to come before the living God", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00108-00037566-00037758": "who will dwell among them,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00109-00037935-00038142": "they're preparing the sacrificial system,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00110-00038142-00038370": "as God also prepares the law,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00111-00038370-00038610": "which will guide and purify their conduct", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00112-00038610-00038898": "before any of these things can be given to them,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00113-00038898-00039054": "they fall into idolatry,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00114-00039054-00039414": "which sparks a revolt that leads to the death of 3000 men.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00115-00039414-00039743": "I'm talking about the golden calf incident here.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00116-00039743-00040125": "We read further on that Moses intercedes on behalf", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00117-00040125-00040474": "of the people effectively turning away God's wrath,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00118-00040474-00040748": "where God was about to destroy the people", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00119-00040748-00041151": "and begin again His plan to save mankind this time", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00120-00041151-00041354": "using Moses' descendants", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00121-00041354-00041784": "instead of Abraham's descendants.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00122-00041784-00042228": "However, God hears Moses and his pleas on behalf", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00123-00042228-00042348": "of the people,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00124-00042348-00042729": "and the cycle turns favorably towards the Israelites", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00125-00042729-00042840": "once again,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00126-00042840-00043299": "and we see the signs of this uptick repeat itself.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00127-00043422-00043668": "God renews the covenant with the people,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00128-00043668-00043960": "he replaces the tablets of the law,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00129-00043960-00044361": "and the building of the tabernacle and the preparation", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00130-00044361-00044757": "of the priest for ordination, begin in earnest once again,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00131-00044757-00045249": "as the work to complete this thing is actually begun.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00132-00045249-00045609": "All of this taking place in the Book of Exodus.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00133-00045609-00045957": "Now, I review these events with you", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00134-00045957-00046401": "because this cycle is the pattern that continually dominates", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00135-00046401-00046629": "the history of the Jews", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00136-00046629-00046881": "throughout the Old Testament.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00137-00046881-00047187": "Whether it's material from the Pentateuch", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00138-00047187-00047490": "from Genesis to Deuteronomy,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00139-00047490-00047889": "whether it's material from history, the books of history,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00140-00047889-00048090": "Joshua to Esther,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00141-00048090-00048405": "the books of poetry from Job to Song of Solomon,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00142-00048405-00048864": "or the major prophets from Isaiah to Daniel,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00143-00048864-00049275": "or the minor prophets from Hosea to Malachi,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00144-00049275-00049542": "no matter where you look is my point here.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00145-00049542-00049866": "No matter where you look in the Bible, in the Old Testament,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00146-00049866-00050229": "this cycle follows the very same pattern.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00147-00050321-00050820": "The people are in trouble or they're in disobedience to God", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00148-00050820-00051015": "and they're crying out for help.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00149-00051015-00051474": "Sometimes there's a trouble or a decline leading", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00150-00051474-00051663": "to eventual destruction,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00151-00051663-00052074": "but no one is aware or calling out for help", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00152-00052074-00052434": "like in Noah's time, for example.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00153-00052434-00052791": "And then God intervenes somehow.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00154-00052791-00053172": "He sends or He raises up a savior, a person like Moses", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00155-00053172-00053412": "or Gideon or Esther,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00156-00053412-00053912": "or He creates a miraculous situation like the great flood,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00157-00053961-00054414": "which saves the people or changes the situation eventually", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00158-00054414-00054583": "for the better.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00159-00054583-00054771": "And then the next stage,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00160-00054771-00055176": "the people enjoy a period of peace and faithfulness", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00161-00055176-00055455": "and prosperity for a time.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00162-00055545-00055737": "And then someone,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00163-00055737-00056237": "a king or a leader or the people as a whole,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00164-00056241-00056526": "begin to slowly drift back into sin,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00165-00056526-00056954": "whether it's immoral behavior like David and Bathsheba", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00166-00056954-00057243": "or the curse of idolatry,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00167-00057376-00057765": "the Jews never abandoned the true God altogether.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00168-00057765-00058071": "They practiced what's called syncretism,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00169-00058071-00058528": "where they added worship, the worship of local pagan gods,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00170-00058528-00058967": "for example, like Baal, to their practice", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00171-00058967-00059190": "of Jewish temple worship.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00172-00059190-00059391": "They would keep the festivals and they would do", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00173-00059391-00059658": "the sacrifices and they would go to the temple.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00174-00059658-00060113": "But privately they would have pagan idols and gods", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00175-00060113-00060243": "in their homes,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00176-00060386-00060767": "and they would practice the worship of the local gods", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00177-00060767-00061205": "along with their worship of the true God.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00178-00061205-00061497": "And usually it was an accommodation to spouses", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00179-00061497-00061817": "who were not Israelites, that that was the main problem", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00180-00061817-00062079": "with the Jews when they went into the Promise Land.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00181-00062079-00062289": "God told them to wipe out the people,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00182-00062289-00062511": "otherwise they'd be a stumbling block to them.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00183-00062511-00062804": "And in many instances, they didn't do that.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00184-00062804-00063024": "And when they didn't do that,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00185-00063024-00063351": "they took some of the women to be as wives", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00186-00063351-00063798": "and eventually these mixed marriages", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00187-00063798-00064298": "created problems whereby the men in those families", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00188-00064355-00064776": "began to worship the gods of their wives.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00189-00064866-00065361": "And so this usually led to more flagrant idolatrous", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00190-00065361-00065748": "practices, the lowering of moral standards,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00191-00065748-00066168": "the loss of God's favor, blessings, and prosperity,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00192-00066168-00066585": "which eventually resulted in a weak and unholy society", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00193-00066585-00066798": "which God would punish", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00194-00066798-00067032": "and He'd punish them in different ways,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00195-00067032-00067256": "economic ruin or illness,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00196-00067256-00067737": "war or dominance by neighboring countries.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00197-00067737-00068151": "And then finally, someone would call out to God for help,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00198-00068151-00068502": "or God would acknowledge the suffering and the dire straits", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00199-00068502-00068625": "of His people,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00200-00068625-00069125": "and God in some way would intervene on behalf of His people", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00201-00069152-00069404": "to save them and to restore them", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00202-00069404-00069816": "and to start this cycle all over again.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00203-00069816-00070316": "Now, the difference between the various types of books", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00204-00070347-00070521": "in the Old Testament,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00205-00070521-00070776": "the Pentateuch as opposed to the history books", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00206-00070776-00071067": "as opposed to the books of poetry,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00207-00071067-00071403": "the difference between all these books is the way", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00208-00071403-00071748": "that they told this story about this cycle.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00209-00072093-00072564": "They all tell the same story about this continual cycle", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00210-00072564-00072957": "going round and round, but they tell it in different ways.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00211-00072957-00073170": "For example,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00212-00073314-00073536": "the books in the Pentateuch,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00213-00073536-00073956": "or the history book, they told this story in real time.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00214-00073956-00074316": "In other words, as a narrative, chronologically,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00215-00074316-00074463": "this happened and that happened,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00216-00074463-00074604": "and this happened and that happened,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00217-00074604-00075000": "and when, they tell it, they tell the story in that way.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00218-00075000-00075155": "The books of poetry,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00219-00075155-00075588": "they examined the people and their various experiences", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00220-00075588-00076088": "and thoughts that they had at different points in the cycle.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00221-00076150-00076627": "Sometimes the poems of the Psalms", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00222-00076761-00077097": "were rejoicing in the fact that God was blessing them.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00223-00077097-00077241": "Well, that means they were in the,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00224-00077241-00077498": "they were in the high cycle,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00225-00077498-00077934": "and yet other psalms, other poems,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00226-00077934-00078165": "would be crying out to God for help", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00227-00078165-00078390": "because of the trouble that they were in.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00228-00078390-00078890": "Well, obviously those poems reflected a period in the cycle", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00229-00078927-00079413": "when it was at its low end when they were in sin", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00230-00079413-00079665": "and God was punishing them.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00231-00079758-00079899": "In the prophets,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00232-00079899-00080121": "in the books of the prophets, the prophets,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00233-00080121-00080529": "they tell this story also, but in the prophets,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00234-00080529-00080865": "they warned of the danger in heading towards", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00235-00080865-00081116": "the bottom point of the cycle.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00236-00081116-00081414": "They spoke against the disobedience", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00237-00081414-00081654": "and the lack of repentance and the punishment", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00238-00081654-00081843": "that was to come to the people", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00239-00081843-00082260": "because they were falling away from God.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00240-00082260-00082470": "Interesting thing about the prophets, however,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00241-00082470-00082863": "is they always ended their prophecies with the promise", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00242-00082863-00083211": "of renewal and blessings that the people", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00243-00083211-00083391": "would eventually come back,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00244-00083391-00083646": "and go back to the top of the cycle,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00245-00083646-00084048": "which was of course faithfulness and obedience to God.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00246-00084048-00084351": "So I'm just, this is a kind of a side note", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00247-00084351-00084447": "that I'm saying here.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00248-00084447-00084912": "This is a constant theme, a constant cycle", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00249-00084912-00085191": "that you'll see as you read through the entire", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00250-00085191-00085458": "Old Testament, not just in Exodus or Leviticus,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00251-00085458-00085647": "but throughout the Old Testament.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00252-00085647-00085730": "Excuse me.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00253-00086013-00086307": "So in chapter 10 of Leviticus,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00254-00086397-00086853": "here the writer recounts another quick turn", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00255-00086853-00087015": "of this deadly cycle.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00256-00087102-00087546": "Once again, God had renewed the people after the incident", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00257-00087546-00087997": "with the golden calf, with new tablets,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00258-00087997-00088458": "with the building and the consecration", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00259-00088458-00088785": "of the tabernacle complex itself,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00260-00088785-00089148": "as well as selection of Aaron and his four sons", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00261-00089148-00089395": "as high priests and priests.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00262-00089395-00089823": "And then, last lesson we talked about", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00263-00089823-00090323": "the very complex process of consecrating them,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00264-00090432-00090849": "and anointing them and sending them into service.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00265-00090849-00091032": "All of this being done,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00266-00091124-00091543": "returning the people to a high point in their history", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00267-00091543-00091827": "of their relationship with God.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00268-00091991-00092233": "Then we get to chapter 10,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00269-00092233-00092664": "no sooner than at the beginning of their ministry,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00270-00092664-00093164": "Aaron's two eldest sons disobey one of God's instructions", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00271-00093168-00093594": "concerning the offering of incense and as a consequence,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00272-00093594-00093912": "they're immediately put to death by God Himself", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00273-00093912-00094200": "for their disobedience.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00274-00094200-00094437": "Now, the question is always,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00275-00094437-00094821": "when we talk about this, what was their sin exactly?", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00276-00094908-00095220": "What exactly did they do wrong?", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00277-00095220-00095562": "Offering the burning of incense in front of the altar", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00278-00095562-00095886": "of incense located in the Holy Place before the curtain", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00279-00095886-00096252": "that separated the Holy of Holies from the Holy Place,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00280-00096252-00096381": "this was acceptable.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00281-00096381-00096768": "This was a normal task of the priests.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00282-00096768-00097062": "Now, there are various ways that they may have knowingly", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00283-00097062-00097521": "disobeyed and dishonored God on that day.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00284-00097741-00098241": "There's several ideas about what their sin was exactly.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00285-00098559-00099059": "First they required burning coals in their fire.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00286-00099060-00099306": "Fire pans was just something in which they carried", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00287-00099306-00099618": "the burning coals and they put the incense on top of them", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00288-00099618-00099831": "in order to burn the incense.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00289-00099831-00100158": "So they required burning coals in their fire pans", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00290-00100158-00100593": "in order to burn this, especially prepared incense.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00291-00100593-00101031": "However, the only coals permitted would be from the altar", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00292-00101031-00101313": "of burnt offering, which was in the courtyard,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00293-00101313-00101727": "which had been consecrated, and if it had been consecrated,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00294-00101727-00101931": "it means it was holy.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00295-00101931-00102303": "It had been set apart for that special purpose.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00296-00102303-00102693": "The sin is that they may have obtained their fire", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00297-00102693-00102987": "or their heating element from another source,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00298-00102987-00103487": "thus making it unholy or profane in God's eyes.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00299-00103680-00104180": "Another aspect, another suggestion as to", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00300-00104446-00104660": "what the sin was, another theory,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00301-00104660-00105090": "is that they perhaps were usurping the authority", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00302-00105090-00105258": "of the high priest.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00303-00105258-00105639": "What I mean by that is that some people speculate", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00304-00105639-00106053": "that they performed a right at a time", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00305-00106053-00106314": "when only the high priest was allowed to enter", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00306-00106314-00106740": "the Holy Place, thus spoiling the offering.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00307-00106740-00106823": "In other words,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00308-00106823-00107175": "they did something that only their father should have done.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00309-00107175-00107619": "Another speculation is that they offered", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00310-00107619-00107909": "unauthorized incense.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00311-00107909-00108318": "We know that the incense used for worship in the tabernacle", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00312-00108318-00108768": "was made from a divine formula that's described", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00313-00108855-00109066": "in Exodus chapter 30,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00314-00109066-00109554": "which was not to be used for anything else but worship.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00315-00109641-00109794": "Only this incense,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00316-00109794-00110258": "this type of incense using this formula could be used", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00317-00110258-00110609": "in the worship at the tabernacle.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00318-00110609-00110955": "Some believe that they substituted some other kind", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00319-00110955-00111198": "of incense to burn.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00320-00111198-00111516": "Maybe the thought was, ah, incense is incense,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00321-00111516-00111693": "we don't have enough of the special incense.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00322-00111693-00111975": "Let's just get this other stuff and we'll use that.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00323-00111975-00112218": "I think that was the sin.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00324-00112218-00112614": "And yet another theory is that they served", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00325-00112614-00112920": "while they were intoxicated.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00326-00112920-00113094": "In verses eight and nine,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00327-00113094-00113594": "God forbids the priests from drinking wine or strong drink", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00328-00113660-00114036": "while they are on duty so that they will be clear minded", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00329-00114036-00114335": "and obey the rules as to what is holy", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00330-00114335-00114483": "and to what is profane.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00331-00114483-00114825": "If you follow the eight or nine lessons that we've done", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00332-00114825-00115317": "on Leviticus, you'll realize and accept that the work", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00333-00115317-00115578": "of the priest was very complicated.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00334-00115578-00115893": "There were so many procedures to follow", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00335-00115893-00116118": "and they had to follow it exactly.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00336-00116118-00116391": "And so the rule about", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00337-00116391-00116799": "not drinking while you were performing as a priest,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00338-00116799-00116979": "I mean, there are a lot of reasons for this,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00339-00116979-00117274": "one of which was you had to be clear minded", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00340-00117274-00117615": "to be able to do the work properly.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00341-00117615-00117876": "So some conclude that Nadab and Abihu", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00342-00117876-00118119": "may have been drinking,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00343-00118119-00118619": "and thus this made their offering unacceptable.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00344-00118629-00118965": "Well, which one of these is it?", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00345-00118965-00119465": "Well, since the sin was called strange fire,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00346-00119486-00119754": "they offered strange fire in Hebrew,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00347-00119754-00120141": "this English word strange meant unauthorized", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00348-00120141-00120390": "or foreign or profane.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00349-00120489-00120884": "It would follow that the transgression had something to do", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00350-00120884-00121221": "with the fire used to burn the incense,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00351-00121221-00121578": "because that's what Moses calls it.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00352-00121578-00122061": "They were punished for having used strange fire.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00353-00122157-00122589": "And so it wasn't taken from the fire of the altar", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00354-00122589-00123045": "of the burnt offering whose fire was kept burning 24/7", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00355-00123045-00123225": "and was considered holy.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00356-00123225-00123604": "Only those coals were to be used to heat", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00357-00123604-00123903": "the special incense.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00358-00123903-00124320": "The fact also that they were killed by some type of fire", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00359-00124320-00124820": "from God also points to the nature of the offense.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00360-00124824-00125208": "To help Aaron deal not only with their deaths,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00361-00125208-00125577": "but also how their bodies were disposed of,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00362-00125577-00126077": "God confirms that their offense was serious in degrading", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00363-00126102-00126447": "and disrespecting the absolute holiness of God,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00364-00126447-00126867": "thus truly meriting their punishment.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00365-00126867-00127326": "So we can conclude that their offense had something to do", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00366-00127326-00127826": "with the fire that they used to make the offering.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00367-00127878-00128223": "The point, however, is, they did something", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00368-00128223-00128604": "against the procedures, the rules,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00369-00128604-00128877": "the instructions that God had given them", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00370-00128877-00129202": "and had told them to follow", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00371-00129399-00129899": "strictly not to make any changes or substitutions.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00372-00130014-00130425": "Now, to help Aaron deal, not only with their deaths,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00373-00130425-00130554": "as I mentioned before,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00374-00130554-00130872": "but also how their bodies were disposed of,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00375-00130872-00131184": "they were just taken outside of the tabernacle area,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00376-00131184-00131586": "God confirms that their offense was serious,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00377-00131586-00132086": "that theirs was not just a frivolous execution,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00378-00132174-00132489": "they deserved what they received.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00379-00132585-00132918": "However, Aaron, in remaining silent,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00380-00132918-00133146": "he demonstrated his own devotion", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00381-00133146-00133572": "and respect for God's holiness, despite his own distress.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00382-00133572-00133857": "No matter why his sons were killed,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00383-00133857-00134317": "they were his sons and it would be normal for him to feel", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00384-00134317-00134571": "distress to want to say something,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00385-00134571-00134969": "to want to intervene or to come to God and appeal to Him.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00386-00134969-00135351": "But he didn't, he didn't say anything.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00387-00135351-00135735": "He chose to remain silent.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00388-00135735-00135957": "And this was, this was good for him,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00389-00135957-00136221": "and it also demonstrated his maturity.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00390-00136314-00136764": "And so Moses enlists the help from Aaron's cousins", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00391-00136764-00137055": "to remove the bodies outside the camp", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00392-00137055-00137412": "because Aaron and his two remaining sons", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00393-00137412-00137862": "cannot leave the tabernacle complex under pain of death.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00394-00137862-00138240": "That was another rule that they had to know", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00395-00138240-00138579": "and remember and follow.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00396-00138579-00138951": "Aaron and his remaining sons were not to mourn,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00397-00138951-00139236": "and in those days, the mourning was demonstrated", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00398-00139236-00139605": "by ripping their clothing or uncovering their heads", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00399-00139605-00140105": "and putting ashes on their heads as a sign of their sorrow.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00400-00140365-00140673": "However, if they did this,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00401-00140673-00141173": "it would be seen as questioning God's judgment, the people,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00402-00141213-00141558": "the ordinary people could mourn,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00403-00141558-00141999": "but as a sign of grief over the sin committed.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00404-00141999-00142269": "In other words, God is saying to them, \"You can mourn,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00405-00142269-00142512": "but mourn the fact that they committed a sin,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00406-00142512-00142904": "don't simply mourn the fact that they died,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00407-00142904-00143404": "mourn the sadness of the fact that they sinned", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00408-00143463-00143945": "and because of their sin, they were put to death.\"", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00409-00144106-00144399": "So we get some instructions following the failure", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00410-00144399-00144636": "of Nadab and Abihu.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00411-00144762-00145116": "The Lord responded to this failure of the priests", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00412-00145116-00145470": "by providing further instructions to help them avoid", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00413-00145470-00145970": "sinning in the future as they carried out their duties.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00414-00146028-00146481": "So the first thing that he gives them is what the priests", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00415-00146481-00146748": "are forbidden to do.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00416-00146748-00147045": "They were not to drink alcohol when on duty,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00417-00147045-00147291": "since this would impair their judgment", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00418-00147291-00147540": "and be quite disrespectful to God,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00419-00147540-00147834": "who they were serving and in whose presence", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00420-00147834-00147939": "they were ministering.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00421-00147939-00148107": "That that would only make sense, right?", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00422-00148107-00148359": "You're not going to, being drunk's not a good thing", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00423-00148359-00148605": "to begin with but imagine if you're drunk", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00424-00148605-00148866": "and you're serving in the tabernacle.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00425-00148866-00149082": "That's a terrible thing.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00426-00149082-00149380": "It hadn't been mentioned as a rule, but now God", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00427-00149472-00149972": "codifies it, no use of intoxicants while serving,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00428-00150128-00150417": "while serving the Lord.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00429-00150417-00150609": "Then He gives 'em other instructions,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00430-00150609-00151014": "and this time their instructions on what they are to do.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00431-00151134-00151440": "They were to abstain from wine and strong drink", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00432-00151440-00151578": "while performing their duties", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00433-00151578-00151731": "so that they would be clear minded", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00434-00151731-00151938": "in doing an important, complex work,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00435-00151938-00152217": "which God defines as the following:", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00436-00152217-00152526": "they had to distinguish between what is holy and unholy", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00437-00152526-00152679": "on behalf of the people.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00438-00152784-00153222": "Holiness was defined based on how close to the Lord", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00439-00153222-00153519": "a person or action or object was.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00440-00153519-00153792": "The closer you came to God", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00441-00153792-00154040": "who dwelled in the Holy of Holies,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00442-00154040-00154410": "the holier the action was,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00443-00154410-00154626": "the holier the objects were.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00444-00154863-00155212": "For example, God's people were holy.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00445-00155212-00155544": "The tabernacle where he dwelt was holy.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00446-00155544-00155970": "The priests devoted to his service, they were holy.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00447-00155970-00156297": "The sacrifices and the incense offered before Him,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00448-00156297-00156504": "it was holy.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00449-00156504-00156740": "And everything that came near", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00450-00156740-00157047": "or specifically devoted to Him,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00451-00157047-00157338": "all of this was considered holy.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00452-00157461-00157809": "Priests were to think clearly so that they could determine", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00453-00157809-00157984": "what was clean and unclean,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00454-00157984-00158388": "cleanness of a person or thing related to a person", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00455-00158388-00158610": "or things ritual condition,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00456-00158610-00158994": "which determined if someone or something could participate", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00457-00158994-00159078": "in worship.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00458-00159078-00159498": "If you were unclean because you had touched a dead animal,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00459-00159498-00159921": "you were not in a condition to participate in worship.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00460-00159921-00160362": "You had to go through the process of becoming ritually clean", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00461-00160362-00160755": "before you could go back and participate in worship.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00462-00160755-00161068": "Because God was perfectly holy,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00463-00161068-00161511": "only those people and objects who were ritually clean", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00464-00161511-00161913": "could approach or be used before him.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00465-00161913-00162153": "If something common,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00466-00162153-00162443": "in other words, unholy, in other words,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00467-00162443-00162777": "not consecrated by God.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00468-00162777-00162873": "For example,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00469-00162873-00163161": "a leader of the people who was not a priest", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00470-00163161-00163407": "entered the holy place,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00471-00163407-00163907": "then sin would be the result and punishment the consequence.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00472-00164001-00164154": "Someone unholy,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00473-00164154-00164574": "not consecrated by God, who drew near to God without", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00474-00164574-00164949": "permission, sin and punishment were the result.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00475-00165057-00165507": "We had examples of this, Nadab and Abihu for example,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00476-00165507-00166007": "they brought an unholy unclean fire into the Holy Place", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00477-00166104-00166332": "and they were punished for it.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00478-00166332-00166590": "We have another example of this, not in Leviticus,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00479-00166590-00166920": "but in 2nd Samuel chapter six.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00480-00166920-00167329": "Remember the time when the Jews were bringing back", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00481-00167329-00167650": "the Ark of the Covenant that had been captured", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00482-00167799-00168024": "in warfare,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00483-00168024-00168408": "and it was being carried on a wagon being pulled", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00484-00168408-00168666": "by some animals.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00485-00168666-00168749": "And everyone,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00486-00168749-00169047": "all the Jews that were around the wagon were happy", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00487-00169047-00169290": "and rejoicing and at some point,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00488-00169290-00169683": "the animals stumbled and the cart moved,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00489-00170046-00170546": "And Uzzah reached out with his hand to steady the Ark,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00490-00170592-00170852": "and what happened to Uzzah?", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00491-00170852-00171195": "He was struck dead for touching it.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00492-00171324-00171657": "So the point is that the rules for clean and unclean", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00493-00171657-00171963": "were quite numerous and complex,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00494-00171963-00172299": "and the priests had to know the rules and apply them", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00495-00172299-00172674": "because the mistake could lead to serious consequences.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00496-00172674-00173040": "The priests not only had the responsibility to offer", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00497-00173040-00173295": "sacrifices on behalf of the people", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00498-00173295-00173541": "and to carry out this duty correctly,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00499-00173541-00173862": "they were also responsible for teaching the people", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00500-00173862-00174279": "the difference between what was holy and what was profane.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00501-00174279-00174744": "I go back to the carrying of the Ark", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00502-00174744-00174927": "on a wagon.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00503-00174927-00175140": "Somebody decided that was a good idea.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00504-00175140-00175434": "We'll put it on a wagon, we'll bring it in,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00505-00175434-00175611": "we'll carry it into Jerusalem.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00506-00175701-00175980": "And yet God had said,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00507-00176361-00176655": "and stipulated that \"carrying the Ark was to be done", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00508-00176655-00176745": "with the poles.\"", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00509-00176745-00177245": "They had to put the long poles between the hooks there", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00510-00177342-00177842": "and on either side of the Ark and Levis were supposed to", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00511-00177849-00178041": "lift it up and carry it on their shoulder.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00512-00178041-00178344": "That way there was no chance that anyone would touch it.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00513-00178482-00178641": "So they thought, \"Wow, it's a good thing.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00514-00178641-00178845": "We're going to move the Ark where it's supposed to be.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00515-00178845-00178998": "Let's bring it along.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00516-00178998-00179085": "How do we do that?", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00517-00179085-00179346": "Well, let's put it on a cart.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00518-00179346-00179543": "It'll go a lot faster that way.\"", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00519-00179715-00179847": "And then when someone touched it,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00520-00179847-00180231": "they died and realized God was serious about the rules", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00521-00180231-00180717": "that He had made for carrying the Ark.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00522-00180810-00181104": "So all of these tasks required,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00523-00181104-00181524": "by the priests required a sound and clear mind,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00524-00181524-00181842": "which was reflected in the command to avoid strong drink", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00525-00181842-00181992": "while on duty.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00526-00181992-00182307": "So after the strange fire incident,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00527-00182307-00182724": "God gives the priests further instructions that include", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00528-00182724-00183126": "first, a command forbidding drinking on duty,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00529-00183126-00183237": "which we've talked about,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00530-00183237-00183675": "and also instructions about additional duties.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00531-00183675-00184107": "And that was to discern and teach the people concerning", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00532-00184107-00184359": "what was holy, what was unholy, what was clean,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00533-00184359-00184491": "what was unclean.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00534-00184491-00184707": "He then gives them a third thing.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00535-00184797-00185181": "The third thing is instructions about what they were", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00536-00185181-00185466": "to receive for their work.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00537-00185565-00186065": "Moses reassures Aaron and his sons that they would always be", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00538-00186090-00186586": "compensated and cared for in view of the difficult work", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00539-00186586-00187002": "they performed on behalf of the people.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00540-00187002-00187413": "And so he explains, first of all, the grain offerings,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00541-00187413-00187680": "when they would come and the priest would", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00542-00187680-00188076": "offer a handful of flour and put that on the altar,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00543-00188076-00188226": "but the rest of the grain,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00544-00188226-00188491": "the rest of the flour or the cakes or whatever,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00545-00188491-00188715": "belonged to the priests.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00546-00188808-00188910": "So, as I said,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00547-00188910-00189150": "aside from the handful of fine flowers that they threw", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00548-00189150-00189402": "in the altar, all the bread, all the cakes,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00549-00189402-00189756": "all the other grain offerings, these things were theirs,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00550-00189756-00190056": "the priests to keep and to eat.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00551-00190056-00190536": "Since the grain offering was considered most holy, however,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00552-00190536-00190833": "it had to be eaten in a holy place.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00553-00190833-00191190": "So it was eaten beside the altar.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00554-00191190-00191436": "And then there were the peace offerings.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00555-00191436-00191631": "Remember we talked about the five different kinds", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00556-00191631-00191904": "of offerings, the peace offerings.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00557-00191904-00192351": "So the animals sacrificed as peace offerings", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00558-00192351-00192687": "held back the breast of the animal", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00559-00192687-00193187": "and the right thigh of the animal for the priest.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00560-00193198-00193695": "Since it was not categorized as a most holy sacrificed,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00561-00193695-00194064": "it didn't have to be eaten near the altar,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00562-00194064-00194295": "a clean place would suffice,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00563-00194295-00194580": "which meant that the priest could share this meat", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00564-00194580-00194796": "with his family at home.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00565-00194889-00195279": "A wave offering is when the priest would lift up the breast", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00566-00195279-00195626": "or the thigh symbolically offering it to God,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00567-00195626-00196065": "but in practice would actually keep for himself,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00568-00196065-00196512": "for his personal needs and the needs of his family.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00569-00196512-00196794": "He would symbolically offer it to God,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00570-00196794-00196989": "that's what a wave offering was,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00571-00196989-00197223": "symbolically offering it to God.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00572-00197223-00197316": "But in practice,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00573-00197316-00197589": "God had permitted the priest to keep these portions", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00574-00197589-00198018": "of the animal for his own needs.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00575-00198018-00198324": "He had to feed his family.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00576-00198324-00198609": "These instructions showed that the work of the priest", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00577-00198609-00198753": "was quite demanding,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00578-00198753-00199206": "but God provided assurance that the priests would always", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00579-00199206-00199521": "be cared for throughout their lives.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00580-00199521-00199764": "Now remember I said there were two failures.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00581-00199764-00200004": "The first failure, Nadab and Abihu,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00582-00200004-00200214": "everybody kind of knows about that one.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00583-00200214-00200613": "The second failure was with Aaron and it was about", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00584-00200613-00201033": "an uneaten sin offering in Leviticus chapter 10,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00585-00201033-00201198": "verse 16 to 20.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00586-00201198-00201540": "So let's read that, the second failure here.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00587-00201633-00202104": "It says, \"But Moses searched carefully for the goat", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00588-00202104-00202479": "of the sin offering, and behold it had been burned up.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00589-00202479-00202772": "So he was angry with Aaron's surviving sons,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00590-00202772-00203027": "Eleazar and Ithamar saying,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00591-00203027-00203385": "'Why did you not eat the sin offering at the Holy Place?", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00592-00203385-00203571": "For it is most holy,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00593-00203571-00203799": "and He gave it to you to bear away the guilt", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00594-00203799-00204075": "of the congregation to make atonement for them", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00595-00204075-00204222": "before the Lord.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00596-00204222-00204564": "Behold, since its blood had not been brought inside", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00597-00204564-00204726": "into the sanctuary,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00598-00204726-00205026": "you should certainly have eaten it in the sanctuary", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00599-00205026-00205292": "just as I commanded.'", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00600-00205292-00205632": "But Aaron spoke to Moses, 'Behold this very day", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00601-00205632-00205890": "they presented their sin offering and their burnt offering", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00602-00205890-00206064": "before the Lord.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00603-00206064-00206294": "When things like these happened to me,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00604-00206294-00206535": "if I had eaten the sin offering today,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00605-00206535-00206823": "would it have been good in the sight of the Lord?'", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00606-00206823-00207246": "When Moses heard that it seemed good in his sight.\"", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00607-00207246-00207546": "Alright, so we've read the passage,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00608-00207546-00207813": "so what was the problem exactly?", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00609-00207813-00207896": "That's the first thing.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00610-00207896-00208119": "What was the problem?", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00611-00208119-00208578": "Well, when a sin offering was made for a personal sin,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00612-00208578-00208967": "part of the animal was kept back for the priest to eat.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00613-00208967-00209205": "We've talked about that before.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00614-00209205-00209565": "Moses notes that Aaron's two remaining sons,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00615-00209565-00209982": "Eleazar and Ithamar have offered a sin sacrifice,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00616-00209982-00210339": "but they left the entire animal on the altar to burn", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00617-00210339-00210651": "without taking their portion to eat.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00618-00210651-00211065": "This was a serious breach because the atonement", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00619-00211065-00211426": "and the forgiveness of the sin was only completed", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00620-00211426-00211848": "once the priest had finished the process by eating", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00621-00211848-00212103": "his portion of the sacrifice.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00622-00212103-00212300": "This meant that the sin of the individual", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00623-00212300-00212535": "or the congregation of people,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00624-00212535-00212744": "if it was offered on their behalf,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00625-00212744-00212977": "was not atoned for.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00626-00212977-00213318": "Neither was the forgiveness offered,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00627-00213318-00213816": "and a new sin was committed by the priests", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00628-00213816-00214071": "because of their negligence.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00629-00214071-00214212": "So that was the problem.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00630-00214305-00214440": "The response,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00631-00214523-00214758": "the response is that Aaron acknowledges", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00632-00214758-00214980": "that they made the sin sacrifice,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00633-00214980-00215361": "but they felt unworthy to eat the priestly portion,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00634-00215361-00215655": "probably due to the fact that they were still feeling", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00635-00215655-00216057": "the effects of the death of Nadab and Abihu.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00636-00216057-00216534": "Perhaps, also thinking that they bore", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00637-00216534-00216963": "some of the responsibility for their sin.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00638-00217056-00217442": "So his dilemma, Aaron's, not Aaron, but yes,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00639-00217442-00217844": "Aaron's dilemma was that if he was not in favor with God,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00640-00217844-00218289": "would eating the sacrifice just make things worse?", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00641-00218289-00218570": "If God is mad at me because of what Nadab", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00642-00218570-00218699": "and Abihu have done,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00643-00218699-00219033": "how is He going to feel if I just sit myself down", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00644-00219033-00219426": "and I participate in the sacrifice?", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00645-00219546-00219762": "Parental guilt is nothing new.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00646-00219859-00220094": "Parental guilt is nothing new.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00647-00220094-00220398": "Aaron felt guilty himself for what his sons,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00648-00220398-00220653": "maybe I didn't train them right, maybe I should've,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00649-00220862-00221112": "I should've known or maybe I knew that they liked to take", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00650-00221112-00221481": "a drink and I should've warned them for whatever reason.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00651-00221565-00221821": "And that affected his judgment concerning", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00652-00221940-00222171": "his other work.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00653-00222171-00222501": "So the resolution comes,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00654-00222501-00222825": "it was Moses and not God that was angry", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00655-00222825-00223077": "at the breach of protocol.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00656-00223077-00223509": "God already knew Aaron's heart and that his failing was due", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00657-00223509-00223869": "to human weakness and not rebellion and carelessness", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00658-00223869-00224151": "like Nadab and Abihu had done.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00659-00224253-00224577": "Moses however, accepts Aaron's explanation,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00660-00224577-00225069": "thus relieving him of any sin or guilt for this event.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00661-00225156-00225429": "Now we don't have any further information provided,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00662-00225429-00225726": "but from what we know about the sacrificial system,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00663-00225726-00226053": "they could resolve this error by offering", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00664-00226053-00226206": "another sin offering,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00665-00226206-00226618": "this time sacrificing one animal for the priest's sin,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00666-00226618-00227085": "and then a second animal for the original sin of the people", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00667-00227085-00227435": "and complete the process by eating the priest's portion", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00668-00227435-00227631": "next to the altar.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00669-00227730-00228156": "Note that the priest would not eat any portion of the animal", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00670-00228156-00228408": "offered for his own sin", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00671-00228408-00228702": "since he was not permitted to profit in any way", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00672-00228702-00229161": "from his sin, this animal was completely destroyed.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00673-00229161-00229551": "He was able to eat a portion of the animal offered", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00674-00229551-00229821": "on behalf of someone else's sin.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00675-00229821-00230151": "That was the distinction between the two.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00676-00230151-00230444": "This brings to an end the information concerning", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00677-00230444-00230703": "the sacrificial system and the ordination", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00678-00230703-00231006": "of the Jewish priesthood.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00679-00231006-00231150": "In chapter 11,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00680-00231150-00231535": "Moses provides another manner of attaining holiness,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00681-00231535-00231981": "and that is distinguishing between what is clean and unclean", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00682-00231981-00232194": "from God's perspective,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00683-00232194-00232694": "and we'll start that chapter and that discussion next time.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00684-00232779-00232959": "As we close out this section,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00685-00232959-00233196": "there are three lessons mentioned", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00686-00233196-00233688": "in my commentary resource book that I'd like to share", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00687-00233688-00234123": "before we move on to the next part of Leviticus.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00688-00234123-00234359": "Three lessons that all of us can use", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00689-00234359-00234609": "based on what we've learned so far.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00690-00234609-00234798": "Lesson number one.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00691-00234798-00235110": "Lesson number one is that leaders are fallible.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00692-00235298-00235596": "The word leader does not equal perfect.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00693-00235746-00236246": "God knows leaders sin because there were sacrifices", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00694-00236298-00236628": "especially designed for secular leaders,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00695-00236628-00236850": "the heads of families and tribes", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00696-00236850-00237291": "as well as religious leaders, priests and high priests.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00697-00237291-00237681": "This obvious situation made it necessary that God", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00698-00237681-00238077": "send a perfect leader, a king and a priest,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00699-00238077-00238577": "to offer a perfect sacrifice, Jesus, on the cross,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00700-00238638-00238994": "to remove all sin forever.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00701-00238994-00239429": "We read about the sin being removed in Acts 22:16,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00702-00239519-00239859": "where Ananias says to Saul, \"Now, why do you delay?", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00703-00239859-00240279": "Get up, be baptized and wash away your sins,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00704-00240279-00240485": "calling on His name.\"", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00705-00240576-00241032": "So let us, therefore, pray for both our secular", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00706-00241032-00241292": "and our spiritual leaders,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00707-00241292-00241446": "because like us,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00708-00241446-00241864": "they are weak and they also need Jesus' help", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00709-00241864-00242139": "to lead properly.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00710-00242139-00242546": "It's something that I do from time to time.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00711-00242546-00242964": "I pray for the leaders of our nation, for example,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00712-00242964-00243352": "from the very, very top leader, from the President,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00713-00243352-00243721": "all the way down to the mayor of our town.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00714-00243721-00244005": "Because in one way or another,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00715-00244005-00244341": "these men and these women are responsible", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00716-00244341-00244800": "for leading our country and they need God's help.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00717-00244800-00245179": "Even if they don't realize they need God's help,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00718-00245179-00245550": "they need God's help and they need our prayers,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00719-00245550-00246050": "and we need to remember to pray for leaders.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00720-00246056-00246288": "Very important.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00721-00246288-00246788": "Another lesson from the material we've covered is this,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00722-00246834-00247233": "obedience is essential for holiness.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00723-00247233-00247442": "This lesson's a little closer to home.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00724-00247442-00247710": "This lesson here really springs", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00725-00247710-00247941": "from what we've talked about.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00726-00247941-00248328": "God shows his love to mankind in many ways.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00727-00248328-00248828": "However, he requires obedience as a holy God.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00728-00248928-00249428": "The first lie that Satan told was that there were no", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00729-00249438-00249834": "consequences for disobeying God's law.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00730-00249834-00250032": "Isn't that what he said to Eve?", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00731-00250032-00250305": "\"Oh, surely you're not going to die.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00732-00250305-00250500": "Really? Did he say that?", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00733-00250500-00250791": "Did he say you were going to die if you dis, nah,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00734-00250791-00250965": "come on. Really?", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00735-00250965-00251061": "That's over the top.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00736-00251061-00251186": "I can't believe that.\"", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00737-00251283-00251673": "That was the first lie that Satan told.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00738-00251894-00252394": "That same lie is promoted, even celebrated today.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00739-00252432-00252771": "And like Adam and Eve, or Nadab and Abihu,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00740-00252771-00253128": "or Ananias and Sapphira in Acts chapter 5,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00741-00253128-00253287": "who lied to the Holy Spirit", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00742-00253287-00253623": "and who were killed on the spot for doing so.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00743-00253758-00254190": "We are constantly reminded that there are always", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00744-00254190-00254544": "consequences for disobedience.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00745-00254544-00254955": "Those who strive to be holy as God is holy,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00746-00254955-00255327": "they do so by consciously practicing obedience", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00747-00255327-00255771": "of God's commands.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00748-00255771-00255915": "You want to be holy.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00749-00255915-00256137": "You say, \"God, please, Lord,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00750-00256137-00256548": "I want to be a holy person, therefore pleasing in your sight.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00751-00256548-00256710": "Where do I begin?\"", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00752-00256710-00257022": "Step number one, you begin by obeying.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00753-00257109-00257325": "Somebody will say, \"Well, obeying what?\"", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00754-00257325-00257612": "Well obeying what's right in front of you.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00755-00257612-00258084": "What do you need to obey right now? Today?", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00756-00258084-00258511": "What if God's commands and instructions", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00757-00258511-00258912": "that you know of, that you need to obey.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00758-00258912-00259110": "Sometimes before you begin to obey,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00759-00259110-00259292": "you have to begin by repenting", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00760-00259292-00259780": "and acknowledging to God that you have been disobedient,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00761-00259884-00260246": "and now you want to work on,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00762-00260246-00260499": "you want to practice being obedient.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00763-00260589-00261089": "Obedience is the work that we do as we grow", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00764-00261102-00261342": "in holiness.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00765-00261342-00261596": "And then lesson number three.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00766-00261596-00262096": "Lesson number three is that innovation can be dangerous.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00767-00262179-00262678": "Now, innovation in the arts or engineering", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00768-00262678-00262899": "can be quite rewarding,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00769-00262899-00263319": "yielding newer and better and more efficient", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00770-00263319-00263709": "and pleasurable results, yes.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00771-00263817-00264087": "It's part of God's command to multiply", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00772-00264087-00264273": "and to subdue the creation.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00773-00264273-00264773": "God wants us to innovate in this area of life,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00774-00264801-00265047": "but when it comes to worship, however,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00775-00265047-00265341": "the opposite is what He wants.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00776-00265341-00265675": "He wants us to stick to the instructions", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00777-00265675-00265908": "that he has given us.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00778-00265998-00266446": "Human beings innovate in worship to please themselves,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00779-00266446-00266621": "not God.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00780-00266621-00266988": "God provided in the Old Testament", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00781-00266988-00267324": "exactly what he would accept as worship,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00782-00267417-00267909": "and has also done the very same thing in the New Testament.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00783-00267909-00268336": "The task is to maintain our obedience to His Word", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00784-00268429-00268785": "concerning worship from generation to generation.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00785-00268785-00268941": "It never changes.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00786-00269046-00269505": "And so let's remember that innovation can be dangerous,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00787-00269505-00269896": "especially when we begin innovating with God's instructions", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00788-00269896-00270174": "concerning worship.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00789-00270174-00270460": "Okay, well that's our lesson for this time.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00790-00270460-00270819": "I'll give you a little bit of an assignment here.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00791-00270819-00271298": "I want you to read chapters 11 to 15 in Leviticus.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00792-00271298-00271473": "We're winding down.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00793-00271473-00271798": "We have several lessons left and we have lots to cover.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00794-00271798-00272244": "So I'm depending on you to to read ahead", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00795-00272244-00272652": "so that you're familiar with the material as I explain it,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00796-00272751-00273017": "as we go through sections rather quickly,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00797-00273017-00273372": "I'll do my best to dig down,", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00798-00273457-00273783": "and get to the root of each section.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00799-00273783-00274041": "But I count on you to be reading the material", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00800-00274041-00274356": "and to be familiar about the things that I'm talking about", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00801-00274356-00274707": "as we go through this book.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00802-00274707-00274812": "So that's it for today.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00803-00274812-00274895": "God bless you.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00804-00274895-00275035": "Thank you for your attention.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00805-00275035-00275280": "Don't forget to pray for our leaders.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00806-00275280-00275382": "We'll see you next time.", "fCAZCVRqa-o-00807-00275382-00275465": "Bye-bye."}}, {"audio_id": "fCB2g21lhH4", "text": {"fCB2g21lhH4-00054-00015914-00015964": "Nandula Sisters"}}, {"audio_id": "fCBSMQns9DA", "text": {"fCBSMQns9DA-00000-00000000-00000468": "We're here today giving some awards to the schools that have come first. Go Parks", "fCBSMQns9DA-00001-00000468-00000996": "Active Schools Challenge was to highlight the power of our local parks and our green spaces.", "fCBSMQns9DA-00002-00000996-00001386": "I think one of the things to really appeal to some of the children was the fact that", "fCBSMQns9DA-00003-00001386-00001794": "they get to tick off every park as they go along or they get rewards as they go", "fCBSMQns9DA-00004-00001794-00002202": "but then again we try to do it as well as a group so sometimes we'd have a whole trip", "fCBSMQns9DA-00005-00002202-00002568": "go after Memorial Park or a whole trip up the Edgewick park during the week.", "fCBSMQns9DA-00006-00002568-00003030": "The purpose of this challenges is to invite our young school children into", "fCBSMQns9DA-00007-00003030-00003492": "our local green spaces get them involved in physical activity but at the same time teach", "fCBSMQns9DA-00008-00003492-00003822": "them you know some of the brilliant things that you can do in your local", "fCBSMQns9DA-00009-00003822-00004140": "of green spaces so it's good for their mental health and their physical health.", "fCBSMQns9DA-00010-00004140-00004560": "How did you enjoy that challenge? I thought the challenge was was brilliant one of the", "fCBSMQns9DA-00011-00004560-00004902": "main things about getting out of the challenge was visiting all the", "fCBSMQns9DA-00012-00004902-00005316": "local parks within Coventry uh some that didn't even know that existed.", "fCBSMQns9DA-00013-00005316-00005832": "We've benefited so much from it, our families have benefited so much from it me and more", "fCBSMQns9DA-00014-00005832-00006150": "importantly our children benefit so much from so yeah I definitely would recommend it.", "fCBSMQns9DA-00015-00006150-00006235": "We love Go Parks!"}}, {"audio_id": "fCN875W5inU", "text": {"fCN875W5inU-00000-00000100-00000533": "I am happy, thankful and grateful for that which I already have.", "fCN875W5inU-00001-00000633-00000926": "I am focused on making my dreams a reality.", "fCN875W5inU-00002-00001026-00001560": "I stay motivated to take the necessary actions to bring me closer to my dreams.", "fCN875W5inU-00003-00001660-00002160": "I am calm and collected and open to receive the abundance of the universe.", "fCN875W5inU-00004-00002260-00002740": "I am certain and confident in my belief that my dreams are coming true.", "fCN875W5inU-00005-00002840-00003320": "I believe and have faith in the source which makes all things possible.", "fCN875W5inU-00006-00003420-00003966": "I am able to seek out those with the knowledge and power to facilitate my dreams.", "fCN875W5inU-00007-00004066-00004546": "I devote time each day to research, study, plan and implement my ideas.", "fCN875W5inU-00008-00004646-00004906": "I am amazing, dynamic and resourceful.", "fCN875W5inU-00009-00005006-00005173": "I have already succeeded.", "fCN875W5inU-00010-00005273-00005526": "I make my dreams and goals come true.", "fCN875W5inU-00011-00005626-00005966": "I become positive and optimistic about the future.", "fCN875W5inU-00012-00006066-00006266": "I make a plan and stick to it.", "fCN875W5inU-00013-00006366-00006813": "I attract the people and opportunities needed to achieve my goals.", "fCN875W5inU-00014-00006913-00007326": "I only feed the thoughts that serve my well-being and growth.", "fCN875W5inU-00015-00007426-00007833": "I think, speak and do what is necessary to achieve my goals.", "fCN875W5inU-00016-00007933-00008106": "I sharpen my skills daily.", "fCN875W5inU-00017-00008206-00008706": "I associate with positive like-minded individuals who encourage my dreams.", "fCN875W5inU-00018-00008806-00009113": "Each day I am moving closer towards my goals.", "fCN875W5inU-00019-00009213-00009400": "I can because I think I can.", "fCN875W5inU-00020-00009500-00009926": "Staying motivated and passionate about my dreams is my nature\t.", "fCN875W5inU-00021-00010026-00010720": "My mind, body and spirit are organizing effortlessly and automatically to prompt me to greater actions.", "fCN875W5inU-00022-00010820-00011253": "All of my dreams are coming true and I am programmed to succeed.", "fCN875W5inU-00023-00011353-00011686": "My mind is razor sharp and my focus like a laser.", "fCN875W5inU-00024-00011786-00012460": "The power to unlock the riches of my mind and to achieve my full potentiality is now fully realized.", "fCN875W5inU-00025-00012560-00013166": "My spirit is filled with ancient wisdom that strives to create the best version of myself.", "fCN875W5inU-00026-00013266-00013960": "My intuition and self-confidence guide me with certainty in making the best decisions on a daily basis.", "fCN875W5inU-00027-00014060-00014313": "My abundance awareness is increasing.", "fCN875W5inU-00028-00014413-00015153": "Exercise and meditation daily keep me grounded and spark new ideas for creativity and advancement of my goals.", "fCN875W5inU-00029-00015253-00015446": "Every day I achieve my goals.", "fCN875W5inU-00030-00015546-00016046": "I now ask my body and mind to work together to fulfill these affirmations.", "fCN875W5inU-00031-00016146-00016640": "I now manifest and fulfill these affirmations as fast as safely possible.", "fCN875W5inU-00032-00016740-00017246": "All beneficial and desirable changes from these affirmations are permanent.", "fCN875W5inU-00033-00017346-00017713": "All the changes take place as fast as safely possible.", "fCN875W5inU-00034-00017813-00018280": "You are happy, thankful and grateful for that which you already have.", "fCN875W5inU-00035-00018380-00018706": "You are focused on making your dreams a reality.", "fCN875W5inU-00036-00018806-00019373": "You stay motivated to take the necessary actions to bring you closer to your dreams.", "fCN875W5inU-00037-00019473-00019993": "You are calm and collected and open to receive the abundance of the universe.", "fCN875W5inU-00038-00020093-00020620": "You are certain and confident in your belief that your dreams are coming true.", "fCN875W5inU-00039-00020720-00021213": "You believe and have faith in the source which makes all things possible.", "fCN875W5inU-00040-00021313-00021893": "You are able to seek out those with the knowledge and power to facilitate your dreams.", "fCN875W5inU-00041-00021993-00022500": "You devote time each day to research, study, plan and implement your ideas.", "fCN875W5inU-00042-00022600-00022880": "You are amazing, dynamic and resourceful.", "fCN875W5inU-00043-00022980-00023160": "You have already succeeded.", "fCN875W5inU-00044-00023260-00023540": "You make your dreams and goals come true.", "fCN875W5inU-00045-00023640-00023993": "You become positive and optimistic about the future.", "fCN875W5inU-00046-00024093-00024306": "You make a plan and stick to it.", "fCN875W5inU-00047-00024406-00024880": "You attract the people and opportunities needed to achieve your goals.", "fCN875W5inU-00048-00024980-00025420": "You only feed the thoughts that serve your well-being and growth.", "fCN875W5inU-00049-00025520-00025953": "You think, speak and do what is necessary to achieve your goals.", "fCN875W5inU-00050-00026053-00026253": "You sharpen your skills daily.", "fCN875W5inU-00051-00026353-00026880": "You associate with positive like-minded individuals who encourage your dreams.", "fCN875W5inU-00052-00026980-00027320": "Each day you are moving closer towards your goals.", "fCN875W5inU-00053-00027420-00027653": "You can because you think you can.", "fCN875W5inU-00054-00027753-00028206": "Staying motivated and passionate about your dreams is your nature\t.", "fCN875W5inU-00055-00028306-00029020": "Your mind, body and spirit are organizing effortlessly and automatically to prompt you to greater actions.", "fCN875W5inU-00056-00029120-00029586": "All of your dreams are coming true and you are programmed to succeed.", "fCN875W5inU-00057-00029686-00030046": "Your mind is razor sharp and your focus like a laser.", "fCN875W5inU-00058-00030146-00030846": "The power to unlock the riches of your mind and to achieve your full potentiality is now fully realized.", "fCN875W5inU-00059-00030946-00031580": "Your spirit is filled with ancient wisdom that strives to create the best version of yourself.", "fCN875W5inU-00060-00031680-00032393": "Your intuition and self-confidence guide you with certainty in making the best decisions on a daily basis.", "fCN875W5inU-00061-00032493-00032760": "Your abundance awareness is increasing.", "fCN875W5inU-00062-00032860-00033620": "Exercise and meditation daily keep you grounded and spark new ideas for creativity and advancement of your goals.", "fCN875W5inU-00063-00033720-00033946": "Every day you achieve your goals.", "fCN875W5inU-00064-00034046-00034573": "You now ask your body and mind to work together to fulfill these affirmations.", "fCN875W5inU-00065-00034673-00035180": "You now manifest and fulfill these affirmations as fast as safely possible.", "fCN875W5inU-00066-00035280-00035786": "All beneficial and desirable changes from these affirmations are permanent.", "fCN875W5inU-00067-00035886-00036253": "All the changes take place as fast as safely possible."}}, {"audio_id": "fCREAusJo6u", "text": {"fCREAusJo6u-00000-00001745-00002225": "This course looks at 'triple-win' actions. now you might be thinking why should we", "fCREAusJo6u-00001-00002225-00002765": "be interested in 'triple-wins', well when we come to inter-sectoral policy actions", "fCREAusJo6u-00002-00002765-00003205": "it's important to think through the consequences on a number of different", "fCREAusJo6u-00003-00003205-00003418": "levels.", "fCREAusJo6u-00004-00003715-00004304": "In the 'triple-win' case, we're looking at improving the environment improving", "fCREAusJo6u-00005-00004304-00004774": "health and improving health equity.", "fCREAusJo6u-00006-00005121-00005637": "Improving the environment is important of course as we've seen throughout", "fCREAusJo6u-00007-00005637-00006121": "Europe, we're facing increasing risks because of climate change because of air", "fCREAusJo6u-00008-00006121-00006631": "pollution and other factors that are really affecting our health and our", "fCREAusJo6u-00009-00006631-00006903": "communities.", "fCREAusJo6u-00010-00007220-00007752": "In terms of human health our health systems are facing increasing pressures", "fCREAusJo6u-00011-00007752-00008501": "due to ageing populations and also due to environmental health risks.", "fCREAusJo6u-00012-00008754-00009267": "In terms of health inequalities, we know that the poorest in our societies are", "fCREAusJo6u-00013-00009267-00009802": "most impacted by environmental health risks and we know they have the most", "fCREAusJo6u-00014-00009802-00010382": "to gain from improving the environments around them.", "fCREAusJo6u-00015-00010671-00011212": "As we go forward in this course we hope that you'll learn more about the 'triple-win'", "fCREAusJo6u-00016-00011212-00012329": "and how you can implement the 'triple-win' in your own contexts."}}, {"audio_id": "fDliOToAoT4", "text": {"fDliOToAoT4-00000-00000599-00000938": "Sadhguru: You need to understand,", "fDliOToAoT4-00001-00000938-00001336": "Shiva jumped from gross to subtle just like that.", "fDliOToAoT4-00002-00001336-00001832": "The subtlest aspects of yoga and the crudest aspects of yoga", "fDliOToAoT4-00003-00001832-00002075": "everything was handled at once,", "fDliOToAoT4-00004-00002075-00002475": "because he makes no distinction between this and that.", "fDliOToAoT4-00005-00002475-00002747": "The word ‘Shiva’ means just that;", "fDliOToAoT4-00006-00002747-00003131": "that he made no distinction between good and bad.", "fDliOToAoT4-00007-00003131-00003684": "Anything that’s rejected anywhere in the world is his.", "fDliOToAoT4-00008-00003684-00003847": "All those beings,", "fDliOToAoT4-00009-00003847-00004012": "all those qualities,", "fDliOToAoT4-00010-00004012-00004220": "all those substances,", "fDliOToAoT4-00011-00004220-00004549": "which have been rejected by all the people in the world,", "fDliOToAoT4-00012-00004549-00004838": "all the gods,", "fDliOToAoT4-00013-00004838-00005082": "he took it upon himself.", "fDliOToAoT4-00014-00005201-00005862": "So, what Shiva means is absolute acceptance.", "fDliOToAoT4-00015-00005862-00006133": "Not an iota of resistance,", "fDliOToAoT4-00016-00006133-00006401": "everything is his.", "fDliOToAoT4-00017-00006401-00006913": "It is in this state the yoga was propounded.", "fDliOToAoT4-00018-00006913-00007244": "It is in this understanding the yoga was propounded.", "fDliOToAoT4-00019-00007244-00007521": "The word ‘yoga’ means just the same.", "fDliOToAoT4-00020-00007521-00007906": "The word ‘yoga’ means everything has become one.", "fDliOToAoT4-00021-00007906-00008196": "Yoga means all-inclusiveness.", "fDliOToAoT4-00022-00008364-00008721": "With a sense of exclusiveness in you, you attempt yoga", "fDliOToAoT4-00023-00008721-00008947": "you will get into just entertainment."}}, {"audio_id": "fDMUYNXj_AY", "text": {"fDMUYNXj_AY-00000-00000392-00000790": "Do you want to sleep with me tonight?", "fDMUYNXj_AY-00001-00001010-00001082": "Thank you", "fDMUYNXj_AY-00002-00001294-00001382": "Does that means something?", "fDMUYNXj_AY-00003-00002484-00002586": "Are you ok?", "fDMUYNXj_AY-00004-00002780-00002952": "My name is Jaejin.", "fDMUYNXj_AY-00005-00003146-00003561": "I missed you", "fDMUYNXj_AY-00006-00004446-00004810": "Hi my name is Minhwan.", "fDMUYNXj_AY-00007-00005312-00005540": "Thanks for coming.", "fDMUYNXj_AY-00008-00005966-00006134": "Thank you", "fDMUYNXj_AY-00009-00006380-00006750": "On dit Merci non Merxi.", "fDMUYNXj_AY-00010-00006752-00007052": "That's not korean.", "fDMUYNXj_AY-00011-00007062-00007273": "He keeps saying Merxi", "fDMUYNXj_AY-00012-00007973-00008408": "Hi my name is Seunghyun", "fDMUYNXj_AY-00013-00008676-00009450": "*He says \"je vouz aime (I love u)\" or \"je suis seul (I'm alone)\" *don't understand what he said* sorry sorry, I'm so sorry, sorry sorry", "fDMUYNXj_AY-00014-00009712-00010116": "Are you ready tonight?", "fDMUYNXj_AY-00015-00010500-00012098": "*he tries to repeat it cause he can't say 'prêt'*", "fDMUYNXj_AY-00016-00012324-00012530": "Are you ready? *he finally says it correctly*", "fDMUYNXj_AY-00017-00012742-00012888": "Thank you Merci **So cuuuuuute**", "fDMUYNXj_AY-00018-00013284-00013541": "It's over?", "fDMUYNXj_AY-00019-00013556-00013856": "There's still something to say", "fDMUYNXj_AY-00020-00014430-00014768": "It's been a while", "fDMUYNXj_AY-00021-00015052-00015500": "How long have we not seen each other?", "fDMUYNXj_AY-00022-00015704-00015763": "3 years ago?", "fDMUYNXj_AY-00023-00015926-00015976": "1 year ago?", "fDMUYNXj_AY-00024-00016388-00016656": "1 year ago? (They forgot about Kcon in 2016)", "fDMUYNXj_AY-00025-00016716-00016810": "1 year ago???", "fDMUYNXj_AY-00026-00016826-00017176": "It was 1 year ago that we came?", "fDMUYNXj_AY-00027-00017254-00017812": "*Everybody is screaming Kcon, then they remembered)", "fDMUYNXj_AY-00028-00017846-00018172": "Seungyun: We don't like kcon ok?*hahaha*", "fDMUYNXj_AY-00029-00018486-00018968": "Seungyun: so, 2 years ago then * he really doesn't like kcon xD*", "fDMUYNXj_AY-00030-00019114-00020140": "I think that among the countries in Europe it is in France that we came more often.", "fDMUYNXj_AY-00031-00020312-00021194": "That's why we came very earlier today", "fDMUYNXj_AY-00032-00021314-00021682": "To go shopping", "fDMUYNXj_AY-00033-00021846-00022702": "Now we don't even need google maps to walk in Paris.", "fDMUYNXj_AY-00034-00023338-00023958": "No, actually we just get to go to places we love.", "fDMUYNXj_AY-00035-00024386-00025512": "It makes me really happy to see you tonight", "fDMUYNXj_AY-00036-00025633-00026616": "We know very well that French fans have a lot of energy, we have nothing to worry about tonight", "fDMUYNXj_AY-00037-00027156-00027616": "I hope you're going to sing a lot with me", "fDMUYNXj_AY-00038-00027958-00028424": "So are you ready to party tonight?", "fDMUYNXj_AY-00039-00028595-00028768": "Ok, Let's go!"}}, {"audio_id": "fDScKhJvKnc", "text": {"fDScKhJvKnc-00000-00000064-00000888": "hello apereo 2021 this is today's or this year's or whatever it is you are watching it durings", "fDScKhJvKnc-00001-00000888-00001623": "elmsln community update so uh it's been a year underground in our basements everyone", "fDScKhJvKnc-00002-00001623-00002288": "contributing from home or wherever but uh there has been a ton of progression made in the", "fDScKhJvKnc-00003-00002288-00002872": "elmsn universe um so i'm happy to be leading this project and it's it's uh various initiatives so", "fDScKhJvKnc-00004-00002872-00003472": "let's dig into it so what have we been up to uh we now have weekly uh calls internal to penn state uh", "fDScKhJvKnc-00005-00003472-00004015": "who's doing the bulk of the contribution um these are led by eberly college of science", "fDScKhJvKnc-00006-00004015-00004528": "um if you recall the leads of this project or from college of arts and architecture so", "fDScKhJvKnc-00007-00004528-00005096": "we're starting to delegate these things out to our various contributors um so this is primarily for", "fDScKhJvKnc-00008-00005096-00005560": "internal organization needs making sure that those needs are met that people know what", "fDScKhJvKnc-00009-00005560-00006168": "they're contributing to where um and that our our key members internally are satisfied then we have", "fDScKhJvKnc-00010-00006168-00006856": "bi-weekly open meetings for anyone contributing to any elmsln uh related property um recently", "fDScKhJvKnc-00011-00006856-00007488": "this is focused primarily on the elms platform itself and is led by the buttercups training", "fDScKhJvKnc-00012-00007559-00007992": "group which which leverages elms and has been contributing to it extensively for the last", "fDScKhJvKnc-00013-00007992-00008736": "seven years so we're also starting to see a ton of courses using elms ln um", "fDScKhJvKnc-00014-00008736-00009320": "sister product which is hax cms so this is kind of a spin-off of the hax ecosystem", "fDScKhJvKnc-00015-00009432-00010144": "if we recall elms wow being this thing for educational purposes kind of has this thing", "fDScKhJvKnc-00016-00010144-00010904": "that's taking off uh that's grown out of it uh called hax the web so hax the web is still", "fDScKhJvKnc-00017-00010960-00011488": "something that's built primarily for elm so all of the contributions that to hax anytime we", "fDScKhJvKnc-00018-00011488-00012000": "market or speak about hax in this way using this moniker there's always the elms logo", "fDScKhJvKnc-00019-00012000-00012752": "kind of assumed beneath so if you're not familiar with hax hax ultimately is a w3c standard web", "fDScKhJvKnc-00020-00012752-00013352": "component so web components now ship natively in every evergreen browser they make up about", "fDScKhJvKnc-00021-00013352-00013968": "92 percent of all web traffic on the planet uh would be able to receive a web component without", "fDScKhJvKnc-00022-00013968-00014816": "any polyfills why that's a big deal is we can ship really high performant javascript driven html tags", "fDScKhJvKnc-00023-00014816-00015463": "to anyone anywhere the hax the web moniker coming from the tag hax which stands for", "fDScKhJvKnc-00024-00015463-00016160": "headless authoring experience so hax is uh a new breed of wysiwyg editor probably more in the", "fDScKhJvKnc-00025-00016160-00016832": "uh gutenberg block based editing universe if you've ever used anything like grapes js gutenberg", "fDScKhJvKnc-00026-00016832-00017432": "hax is in that sphere however its integration is much more similar to a ck editor or tiny mce", "fDScKhJvKnc-00027-00017432-00017768": "something you might be more familiar with in a learning management system context", "fDScKhJvKnc-00028-00017840-00018560": "so hax is able to edit any web component because it's able to talk to design assets meaning any", "fDScKhJvKnc-00029-00018560-00019112": "part of any website is a potential thing that we can make editable uh for anyone anywhere", "fDScKhJvKnc-00030-00019176-00019752": "so we have lots of integrations we maintain with other platforms things like grav 11d which", "fDScKhJvKnc-00031-00019752-00020336": "is a recent thing that we added in the last year uh backdrop wordpress things like that", "fDScKhJvKnc-00032-00020336-00020736": "and so when you would actually use the editor inside these other platforms right you have", "fDScKhJvKnc-00033-00020736-00021216": "drupal in this case but you've got the block editor mode now the reason we focus our efforts", "fDScKhJvKnc-00034-00021216-00021792": "on integrating with platforms like wordpress and drupal is that brings in these other developer", "fDScKhJvKnc-00035-00021792-00022376": "ecosystems that previously were siloed elms learning network's focus is on ngdle or next", "fDScKhJvKnc-00036-00022376-00023056": "generation digital learning environments is one of our fundamental goals to unite the web and make", "fDScKhJvKnc-00037-00023056-00023480": "anything a learning platform or a place that people can learn because we don't know what", "fDScKhJvKnc-00038-00023480-00024080": "your deployment is we don't know what the decision tree was that led to you adopting drupal and your", "fDScKhJvKnc-00039-00024080-00024616": "faculty don't either in fact that's not something they care about they care about educating", "fDScKhJvKnc-00040-00024616-00025120": "and so we want to be able to be wherever they are meet them in their spaces and so hax", "fDScKhJvKnc-00041-00025120-00025664": "and the ways in which we're able to integrate hax is a unique way for us to achieve that", "fDScKhJvKnc-00042-00025736-00026264": "so i mentioned that we're able to talk to anything so basically there's some javascript", "fDScKhJvKnc-00043-00026264-00026912": "behind the scenes any web component is ultimately driven by a javascript file that javascript file", "fDScKhJvKnc-00044-00026912-00027344": "uh which would make up in this case we're seeing a twitter embed tag so if you wanted to embed", "fDScKhJvKnc-00045-00027344-00027816": "a tweet into a learning platform because you're having a conversation about something that people", "fDScKhJvKnc-00046-00027816-00028312": "were talking about in a social sphere you can use hax drag and drop that in and what's actually", "fDScKhJvKnc-00047-00028312-00028976": "happening is the twitter hyphen embed tag has this little bit of json telling hax how to edit it", "fDScKhJvKnc-00048-00028976-00029432": "and so we basically map the hax editor with fields you can modify to what happens in the", "fDScKhJvKnc-00049-00029432-00029944": "dom or document object model so that when you enter information into the field type it in", "fDScKhJvKnc-00050-00029944-00030552": "it updates the tweet and you see it live that is then platform agnostic that embed works anywhere", "fDScKhJvKnc-00051-00030552-00031239": "that stuff is just html and can be shipped to any platform it's part of the big deal so what we're", "fDScKhJvKnc-00052-00031239-00031688": "looking at as far as where we've been and where we're going hax in 2017 look like this it was", "fDScKhJvKnc-00053-00031688-00032295": "this really clunky thing prototype we were just kind of describing like this is an idea we have of", "fDScKhJvKnc-00054-00032295-00033096": "something we could do and we think web components are the way to go about it and then in 2018 we got", "fDScKhJvKnc-00055-00033096-00033688": "a lot more components so we were talking probably about a hundred bricks in all using those bricks", "fDScKhJvKnc-00056-00033688-00034248": "we can build out user interfaces that are a little bit nicer but still pretty clunky we get to 2019", "fDScKhJvKnc-00057-00034248-00034832": "additional refinement we get to 2020 last year you know beginning of last year we had an audit by", "fDScKhJvKnc-00058-00034832-00035472": "um the national archives we also started to have certain classes in penn state's ist school", "fDScKhJvKnc-00059-00035472-00036112": "contributing to the user experience of hax and so we're starting to get this more refined", "fDScKhJvKnc-00060-00036112-00036960": "more robust user experience pattern that works across platforms to what we will ship soon in 2021", "fDScKhJvKnc-00061-00036960-00037592": "which is the next version of hax it's very clean it's translatable so now it's able to uh", "fDScKhJvKnc-00062-00037592-00037984": "you can actually click settings and translate the whole thing into spanish rather easily", "fDScKhJvKnc-00063-00038184-00038752": "so on internationalization front we have the ability to internationalize any of our", "fDScKhJvKnc-00064-00038752-00039416": "components now um this is a major lift to do this in a way that's platform agnostic yet perform it", "fDScKhJvKnc-00065-00039416-00039904": "so uh well we haven't translated all of our you know lego pieces if you want to think of it that", "fDScKhJvKnc-00066-00039904-00040528": "way i mentioned we had a hundred in like 2018 uh well we've got like five to six hundred now", "fDScKhJvKnc-00067-00040528-00041088": "um reusable bricks that work anywhere in any application it could be other apereo applications", "fDScKhJvKnc-00068-00041088-00041576": "for that matter so we need to be able to internationalize those in a way that ships", "fDScKhJvKnc-00069-00041576-00042088": "in this unbundled way where anyone can take pieces of the ui and oh you're loading this", "fDScKhJvKnc-00070-00042088-00042488": "page and it happens to be in french well this little brick needs to be able to be translated", "fDScKhJvKnc-00071-00042488-00043008": "to french otherwise you're not going to use the brick so we came up with a way of being able to do", "fDScKhJvKnc-00072-00043008-00043584": "this we can actually translate the entire hax user interface i'm going to pull that up for a", "fDScKhJvKnc-00073-00043584-00044296": "demonstration right now if i can get my window over here here we go okay so i'm gonna pull up", "fDScKhJvKnc-00074-00044376-00044880": "uh the hax tag so this is hax running just in a local uh a local development environment i'll", "fDScKhJvKnc-00075-00044880-00045352": "move my face out of the way um so we've got the edit button and this is going to progressively", "fDScKhJvKnc-00076-00045352-00045920": "load some things in so i'm going to hit edit and we can jump around and i can take this text", "fDScKhJvKnc-00077-00045920-00046608": "i can now view it as source and edit the html directly which is a cool inline functionality", "fDScKhJvKnc-00078-00046752-00047600": "we can also go through i can modify just a list of items the editor jumps with me we can maybe insert", "fDScKhJvKnc-00079-00047600-00048272": "a paragraph and collapse that out of the way we can make this a two column layout i can take this", "fDScKhJvKnc-00080-00048336-00048880": "text drop it in there right so we're creating this platform that allows us to drag and drop", "fDScKhJvKnc-00081-00048880-00049568": "move things around it will um if i wanted to take this self check item there and you know speaking", "fDScKhJvKnc-00082-00049568-00050288": "which we have a self check item uh so that we can do little inline quizzing so we have our structure", "fDScKhJvKnc-00083-00050288-00050920": "media the editing interface for this so that i can tweak it in context in a platform agnostic way", "fDScKhJvKnc-00084-00050992-00051616": "but i want to change the language so while this will respect page language and just automatically", "fDScKhJvKnc-00085-00051616-00052424": "translate to spanish if es is used uh if i switch this over we see that the ui starts to translate", "fDScKhJvKnc-00086-00052544-00053176": "itself so not all of the elements um are respecting the translation yet we can see", "fDScKhJvKnc-00087-00053232-00053791": "that major parts of the hax interface including the tour right but not everything so we're", "fDScKhJvKnc-00088-00053791-00054272": "still working on doing the translation itself um so this is definitely an area", "fDScKhJvKnc-00089-00054328-00055016": "for contribution um to our projects and you know we can see oh there's the twitter embed", "fDScKhJvKnc-00090-00055016-00055400": "i mentioned before right and we're starting to translate even the parts", "fDScKhJvKnc-00091-00055400-00055784": "of the hax user interface that relate to that and move me down so you can see that", "fDScKhJvKnc-00092-00055944-00056944": "so so back to what our efforts were in here uh another effort we're engaged in is the open studio", "fDScKhJvKnc-00093-00056944-00057560": "now open studio is something that we won an award for i believe it was 2012. it was a while ago", "fDScKhJvKnc-00094-00057560-00058200": "um we rebuilt it in web components in 2017 but that was the last time it's been it's been revised", "fDScKhJvKnc-00095-00058200-00059032": "it's been undergoing um a total ux teardown rebuild uh rebuilt architecturally rebuild", "fDScKhJvKnc-00096-00059032-00059584": "from a ux perspective this is going to shift fall of 2021 as part of elms", "fDScKhJvKnc-00097-00059584-00060040": "um and you kind of have to play with it to see it but it's effectively a a visually engaging", "fDScKhJvKnc-00098-00060040-00060624": "way for students to submit media to each other to have conversation and community in a social space", "fDScKhJvKnc-00099-00060624-00061304": "if you can imagine when we're all stuck inside you might be craving social outlets any way you can so", "fDScKhJvKnc-00100-00061400-00062055": "we also as part of the last year we have webcomponents.psu.edu which generates a storybook file", "fDScKhJvKnc-00101-00062055-00062440": "and a storybook is a way that you can run through and play and see what all the elements we're", "fDScKhJvKnc-00102-00062440-00063064": "referring to are we have tons of them documented well over here but so this is the story the studio", "fDScKhJvKnc-00103-00063064-00063448": "running here headlessly just so people can play with it it's not real data obviously lots of", "fDScKhJvKnc-00104-00063448-00064024": "cats um so you can imagine people go through go oh there's this one will leave feedback on it we can", "fDScKhJvKnc-00105-00064024-00064696": "view someone's work as a river of their work so this is for building out projects more completely", "fDScKhJvKnc-00106-00064696-00065248": "right so we have the ability to go through see what the next the next previous posts are there", "fDScKhJvKnc-00107-00065248-00065808": "view this image zoom in on it i can jump between you know move the image around if it's a very", "fDScKhJvKnc-00108-00065808-00066384": "large image potentially that someone submitted rotate it if i need to we can jump between the", "fDScKhJvKnc-00109-00066384-00067000": "images in any individual post and then we can see that there's a conversation that emerges over here", "fDScKhJvKnc-00110-00067000-00067840": "so i can just add whatever my feedback is get in this is not a real demo obviously it's all", "fDScKhJvKnc-00111-00067840-00068416": "fake data um so we can reply to each other see what that conversation is see what the threads", "fDScKhJvKnc-00112-00068416-00068976": "are things like that uh we have the ability to view our assignments in kind of this kanban board", "fDScKhJvKnc-00113-00068976-00069480": "uh setup so this is something we currently have but this is a re-envisioning of that so that", "fDScKhJvKnc-00114-00069480-00070112": "it's more usable um and then we have our activity index as well as just the ability to sort through", "fDScKhJvKnc-00115-00070176-00070920": "find just the assignments that we want at any given time so this is still obviously work in", "fDScKhJvKnc-00116-00070920-00071336": "progress we're going to roll this out in the fall but it's another one of our big", "fDScKhJvKnc-00117-00071336-00071992": "initiatives for the year so another initiative that complements this is uh grading because", "fDScKhJvKnc-00118-00071992-00072464": "you need to be able to grade if you're going to have all this student work that's in one place", "fDScKhJvKnc-00119-00072552-00073056": "so we're currently working on a gradebook which is also a web component if you can imagine", "fDScKhJvKnc-00120-00073056-00073648": "this one's unique in that again fitting with the ngdle mindset this one is actually currently being", "fDScKhJvKnc-00121-00073648-00074248": "prototyped to pull from a google sheet the idea being that a faculty member could fork one of", "fDScKhJvKnc-00122-00074248-00074848": "our google sheets that sheet has the criteria by which this interface sets itself up but it gives", "fDScKhJvKnc-00123-00074848-00075504": "them the ability to say define their own tags that would then show up as the tagging structure to use", "fDScKhJvKnc-00124-00075504-00076272": "in this interactive drag and drop rubric so that i can add add feedback give overall feedback maybe i", "fDScKhJvKnc-00125-00076272-00076944": "go through and i say oh you got a 20 out of 20 or i un untether the score here and that we can see", "fDScKhJvKnc-00126-00076944-00077592": "it updated in real time right that i'm giving them an a minus well that's based on my grading scale", "fDScKhJvKnc-00127-00077648-00078048": "here is that grading scale that i've plugged in but that grading scale is coming from a", "fDScKhJvKnc-00128-00078048-00078640": "google sheet on demand is is part of part of the idea so i could skip around through different", "fDScKhJvKnc-00129-00078640-00079376": "students review them rapidly right and see that i haven't given anyone any feedback here we can", "fDScKhJvKnc-00130-00079376-00079984": "load up different rubrics based on what the work would be right and again we get that nice reactive", "fDScKhJvKnc-00131-00080072-00080768": "rapid ability to assess and evaluate is what we're going for here so this is still obviously work in", "fDScKhJvKnc-00132-00080768-00081336": "progress building out what the student view would be right so they could see hey you got a you know", "fDScKhJvKnc-00133-00081336-00082088": "you got a a minus because you got a 9 out of 10 and that puts you in the 90 to 92 range taking", "fDScKhJvKnc-00134-00082088-00082616": "that feedback and loading it into a format that's much more like a pdf you would print out almost", "fDScKhJvKnc-00135-00082672-00083312": "um so that you could do that if you want to um we also then have the ability to view the assignment", "fDScKhJvKnc-00136-00083312-00083760": "in question which we're still working oh there we go okay um so that you could skip through", "fDScKhJvKnc-00137-00083760-00084232": "the students right so we're still working on the ui of this where positions elements how you have", "fDScKhJvKnc-00138-00084232-00084672": "access to that information right i can pop that open a new window this is obviously very much in", "fDScKhJvKnc-00139-00084672-00085320": "development actively as reviewing it however this is powered by google sheets we'll see these things", "fDScKhJvKnc-00140-00085320-00085888": "load in uh dynamically so i think there's a lot of power in this this is going to be integrated into", "fDScKhJvKnc-00141-00085888-00086344": "elms as well in the studio so it'll be kind of a standalone grading interface that's able to", "fDScKhJvKnc-00142-00086344-00086760": "pull the data in from the studio that students have been submitting and provided a space for", "fDScKhJvKnc-00143-00086760-00087376": "evaluation part of the thinking with being hooked up to google sheets is you could dump it out as an", "fDScKhJvKnc-00144-00087376-00088096": "excel sheet um i know i teach classes now for the university i still even if it's in you know sakai", "fDScKhJvKnc-00145-00088152-00088768": "canvas moodle whatever i still want that data as a hard copy like sometimes even you know printed", "fDScKhJvKnc-00146-00088768-00089336": "out type of a thing so that i have a grade book somewhere else for emergency purposes or whether", "fDScKhJvKnc-00147-00089336-00089824": "it's for initial evaluation before i then enter the final grades so we're trying to align more", "fDScKhJvKnc-00148-00089824-00090288": "with the way faculty members work and a lot of times that's outside of our systems that we built", "fDScKhJvKnc-00149-00090400-00091008": "so that's another initiative we have going on oer schema has seen some progression in adoption in", "fDScKhJvKnc-00150-00091008-00091472": "the last year it actually recently was published in a book about remixing open educational", "fDScKhJvKnc-00151-00091472-00092032": "resources by project lead michael collins who's a faculty member at penn state um so it's", "fDScKhJvKnc-00152-00092032-00092680": "been harmonized more fully with another technology called lmri we can read about that i'll post links", "fDScKhJvKnc-00153-00092680-00093264": "to this to this google doc um it's implemented more deeply into our elements over the last year", "fDScKhJvKnc-00154-00093264-00093760": "and it also now shows up in our hax cms themes which i'll show a couple of here in a second so we", "fDScKhJvKnc-00155-00093760-00094392": "have new themes this year haxtheweb.org got an overhaul but this is a hax cms theme meaning", "fDScKhJvKnc-00156-00094392-00094944": "the theme can be repurposed for other materials so i actually use this for teaching some of my online", "fDScKhJvKnc-00157-00094944-00095640": "courses but hax cms is very flexible it also got rolled out as this by odl ebberly college", "fDScKhJvKnc-00158-00095640-00096264": "of science who does a lot of contributions to the project odl.science.psu.edu is a gorgeous website", "fDScKhJvKnc-00159-00096264-00096896": "that's been developed using hax cms rolled out lots of really engaging content it's very fast", "fDScKhJvKnc-00160-00096952-00097496": "and it's powered by the exact same technology and tech stack that's delivering in this case", "fDScKhJvKnc-00161-00097496-00098160": "their physics 212 course which is a oer course generated using hax and hax cms for the world", "fDScKhJvKnc-00162-00098160-00098704": "to to consume or this astro course which has a slightly different theme that we've", "fDScKhJvKnc-00163-00098704-00099440": "worked on in the last year or chemistry 202 or biology 110 which has a slightly different theme", "fDScKhJvKnc-00164-00099440-00100152": "or my own ist 210 which is another course we're taught using hax.psu.edu which is a", "fDScKhJvKnc-00165-00100240-00100912": "sas offering internal to the university that we use as a kind of incubation uh playground", "fDScKhJvKnc-00166-00100912-00101392": "area at first but now a lot of other faculty are starting to to use this to develop online course", "fDScKhJvKnc-00167-00101392-00102224": "materials because it's so fluid to work with um or slightly different theme this is my 402 course and", "fDScKhJvKnc-00168-00102288-00102752": "if you said well you mentioned that was a different product it kind of is um but at", "fDScKhJvKnc-00169-00102752-00103176": "the same time it's not so what you're seeing here in this little gif because i don't want to go to", "fDScKhJvKnc-00170-00103176-00104048": "the actual content at the moment is taking um one of our beatles courses uh which is loaded in elms", "fDScKhJvKnc-00171-00104048-00104735": "right so elms if you're unfamiliar is powered by uh drupal it's a drupal 7 based ecosystem however", "fDScKhJvKnc-00172-00104735-00105311": "what's being demonstrated here is that the data to power the interface because this is showing a", "fDScKhJvKnc-00173-00105311-00106080": "hax cms course presentation this content is coming from the elms website so we're effectively", "fDScKhJvKnc-00174-00106080-00106952": "loading elms content into hax cms visually so our users get this really fast engaging performance", "fDScKhJvKnc-00175-00106952-00107472": "click and jump between content reorganize it rapidly type of experience that you're seeing here", "fDScKhJvKnc-00176-00107472-00108192": "however they might have engineered that content in drupal air quotes so we're starting to align these", "fDScKhJvKnc-00177-00108192-00108776": "efforts directly where this this other product is effectively forming a headless front end", "fDScKhJvKnc-00178-00108776-00109359": "for elms uh so that we can reuse all the pieces and content of elms and reuse those across any", "fDScKhJvKnc-00179-00109359-00110328": "of those other properties again hacking the web itself which brings us to a the last effort that i", "fDScKhJvKnc-00180-00110328-00110872": "get to point to which is my own uh which i recently announced is called project edtech joker", "fDScKhJvKnc-00181-00110872-00111480": "so project edtech joker is an open source contribution initiative that i have started", "fDScKhJvKnc-00182-00111480-00112328": "to weave into penn state curriculum uh so uh it is a 400 it's part of 400 level courses uh in our", "fDScKhJvKnc-00183-00112328-00113104": "information science technology college where i get to teach um so it is directly impacting elms", "fDScKhJvKnc-00184-00113104-00113896": "and the hax ecos our whole ecosystem effectively i end up teaching them about concepts of the web", "fDScKhJvKnc-00185-00113896-00114311": "so let's say we're talking about javascript one week well there will be options that involve", "fDScKhJvKnc-00186-00114392-00114904": "minor levels of engagement with our tech stack it's usually things like well you're learning", "fDScKhJvKnc-00187-00114904-00115368": "about javascript this is the backdrop however there's always options that involve direct", "fDScKhJvKnc-00188-00115368-00115992": "contribution so there's a pathway that i've created throughout my web technologies course", "fDScKhJvKnc-00189-00115992-00116383": "that if you stay on that pathway for how you submit the labs and there's 12 labs", "fDScKhJvKnc-00190-00116448-00116808": "you will effectively start doing contributions directly to", "fDScKhJvKnc-00191-00116864-00117624": "elms and the hax ecosystem about halfway through the course so i put this in practice this semester", "fDScKhJvKnc-00192-00117624-00118496": "this past semester we're talking fall or sorry spring 2021 um i had nine students uh in this", "fDScKhJvKnc-00193-00118496-00118992": "little infographic at the bottom shows that nine students have had 52 commits in the last month and", "fDScKhJvKnc-00194-00118992-00119816": "currently only 20 percent of the course is contribution driven um also those nine students are of 33", "fDScKhJvKnc-00195-00119816-00120472": "students were given the option of a direct contribution track or um a a different a different", "fDScKhJvKnc-00196-00120472-00121272": "option that didn't involve deep coding however this fall of 2021 over 60 percent of a new course", "fDScKhJvKnc-00197-00121272-00121783": "im building is going to be direct contribution after 40 percent is initial onboarding which means", "fDScKhJvKnc-00198-00121783-00122304": "working on documentation it means making sure that things make sense for our brand new contributors", "fDScKhJvKnc-00199-00122304-00122968": "this course has 42 people enrolled knowing they're going to be contributing directly to properties uh", "fDScKhJvKnc-00200-00122968-00123352": "that are open source that they can put on a resume and say hey look at this thing that i contributed", "fDScKhJvKnc-00201-00123352-00124032": "to they can work on a larger project that has real world impact and they can actively work on", "fDScKhJvKnc-00202-00124032-00124592": "fixing issues in their own courses so as an example this semester we do a lesson where", "fDScKhJvKnc-00203-00124592-00125248": "we identify ux issues we talk through how user experience works the low level right and we're", "fDScKhJvKnc-00204-00125248-00125696": "talking with a partner partners documenting what the person's doing going through a user recitation", "fDScKhJvKnc-00205-00125752-00126400": "we then take those user stories and turn them into issues which some students a few weeks later turn", "fDScKhJvKnc-00206-00126400-00126928": "into commits to resolve those issues we then pull requests and show the whole thing end-to-end back", "fDScKhJvKnc-00207-00126928-00127480": "into the projects those projects being our course content and they actively see that", "fDScKhJvKnc-00208-00127480-00128280": "they just resolved ux issues in their own learning resources this is an unparalleled effort as far as", "fDScKhJvKnc-00209-00128280-00128952": "the pipeline between students faculty and staff and building the ecosystems we need to actually", "fDScKhJvKnc-00210-00128952-00129416": "change and improve online education and education in general because the course i'm mentioning is", "fDScKhJvKnc-00211-00129416-00130024": "in person so i am using the moniker project edtech joker for this we are going to start", "fDScKhJvKnc-00212-00130024-00130711": "having a ton of contributors to elms and the hax the web platforms as a direct result of having a", "fDScKhJvKnc-00213-00130711-00131344": "faculty member use the project as a backdrop in order to teach about web technologies but", "fDScKhJvKnc-00214-00131344-00132000": "also improve the projects that we use every day so the elms ln roadmap ahead we've got a fall rollout", "fDScKhJvKnc-00215-00132000-00132584": "of open studio in the gradebook tool continuing to grow our community via students faculty and staff", "fDScKhJvKnc-00216-00132584-00133040": "it means a lot of low-hanging fruit onboarding style issues are getting tagged with this", "fDScKhJvKnc-00217-00133040-00133616": "project edtech joker uh tag in our issue queues and then i'm assigning students uh things that", "fDScKhJvKnc-00218-00133616-00134000": "you know are not going to drown them as an initial issue but are like a good starting", "fDScKhJvKnc-00219-00134000-00134472": "point and they kind of work their way through the issue from there we also have other faculty", "fDScKhJvKnc-00220-00134544-00135224": "that have been moving from elms to hax cms and other ones that are using their course in elms", "fDScKhJvKnc-00221-00135224-00135616": "but it looks like hax cms there's some workflow reasons for that i won't get into", "fDScKhJvKnc-00222-00135728-00136120": "and so we're going to have more faculty doing that throughout the year we've actually started have", "fDScKhJvKnc-00223-00136120-00136744": "faculty from other colleges asking to get in on this because it is just a sas solution so we're", "fDScKhJvKnc-00224-00136744-00137192": "working with them to work through what the ux issues are and what additional things they need", "fDScKhJvKnc-00225-00137288-00137880": "and then hax camp is gonna be virtual at apereo this year and it'll be in real life", "fDScKhJvKnc-00226-00137880-00138264": "uh whenever events resume we're kind of you know we had a lot of events that hit pause", "fDScKhJvKnc-00227-00138264-00138888": "obviously as everybody did um so we will start back up with our in-person events hopefully by", "fDScKhJvKnc-00228-00138888-00139440": "the end of year but you know who knows it might be might be into next year um we're also redoing our", "fDScKhJvKnc-00229-00139440-00139792": "marketing sites and the way that we communicate about the projects you may have mentioned", "fDScKhJvKnc-00230-00139792-00140424": "uh or may have noticed i'm using the word elms versus elms ln or elms learning network so", "fDScKhJvKnc-00231-00140424-00141072": "the overarching project umbrella is the snowflake still and it's back behind me it's uh elms ln", "fDScKhJvKnc-00232-00141176-00141608": "and elms or elm's learning network is what the ln stands for however when we're talking about", "fDScKhJvKnc-00233-00141608-00142208": "the actual platform itself that some people use as bill on drupal starting to call that elms uh just", "fDScKhJvKnc-00234-00142208-00142832": "differentiates between the entire organization's uh body of work and this singular platform", "fDScKhJvKnc-00235-00142832-00143288": "uh that's rolled out to implement it um also we're going to be continuing our", "fDScKhJvKnc-00236-00143288-00143800": "internationalization and accessibility efforts we actually just rolled out automated accessibility", "fDScKhJvKnc-00237-00143800-00144400": "testing across our entire portfolio that was a major student contribution um in the last week", "fDScKhJvKnc-00238-00144400-00144968": "actually we put that in so um if you're interested in joining the elms ln community or getting involved", "fDScKhJvKnc-00239-00144968-00145592": "with hax camp when it happens during apereo uh you can always go to bit.ly haxslack", "fDScKhJvKnc-00240-00145592-00146400": "or look me up on @btopro or @elmsln or @haxtheweb or hashtag haxtheweb any of those", "fDScKhJvKnc-00241-00146472-00146920": "on on social media would be the way to get involved in the project to learn more about it", "fDScKhJvKnc-00242-00146992-00147451": "so hope you have a great event and we look forward to hacking the web with you soon"}}, {"audio_id": "fDSW2WYiRWo", "text": {"fDSW2WYiRWo-00000-00000200-00000784": "I think the Save Cork City campaign is a fantastic community movement in Cork.", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00001-00000784-00001639": "I was really lucky to be, if I wasn't part of it, to witness it from the very beginning and the way that", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00002-00001639-00002143": "the community of architects around Cork initially rounded together on this proposal.", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00003-00002143-00002705": "How they were very able to explain what the matters involved mean to the people of Cork", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00004-00002705-00003136": "and how that inspired then the everyday person in Cork to recognize the", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00005-00003136-00003500": "the threats that the OPW plan poses to Cork.", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00006-00003500-00004130": "I think it's a very important campaign because it's a grassroots organization of people who really care", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00007-00004130-00004556": "about their city and are coming together and have lots of positive ideas about", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00008-00004556-00005003": "how to improve it. This isn't a campaign simply saying no. The campaign is", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00009-00005003-00005430": "giving lots of options for decision makers.", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00010-00005430-00005700": "To me it highlights the fact", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00011-00005700-00006080": "that this is not only a city that a river runs through but a river runs through it twice.", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00012-00006080-00006448": "It's a city of twenty-nine bridges. It's a river and a city of", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00013-00006448-00007009": "enormous character and what's being proposed is to dilute that very", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00014-00007009-00007450": "much pride in character effect a lot of Corkonians and feel about their river and their city.", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00015-00007450-00007981": "We fully support the Save Cork City campaign in saying that it isn't", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00016-00007981-00008432": "these half-hearted and destructive measures that should be put in,", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00017-00008432-00008824": "as being proposed by the Office of Public Works, both the up and down river", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00018-00008824-00009338": "proposals that the Save Cork City campaign has very articulated put across.", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00019-00009338-00009724": "If the money was properly invested, it would protect this city for many", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00020-00009724-00010120": "decades and hopefully centuries to come from the fear of flooding.", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00021-00010120-00010813": "Our vision should be that we actually can use it more, that we can get into it, that we can", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00022-00010813-00011335": "see it, especially for people who are short and children or people who might", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00023-00011335-00011870": "have disabilities who wouldn't be able to see over a new wall if it was built.", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00024-00011870-00012356": "You can see on the railings next to us that because we can see through them we can see the", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00025-00012356-00012718": "river but if that was just a wall we couldn't see it at all and it would be", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00026-00012718-00013119": "a miserable concrete structure that we'd be looking at.", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00027-00013119-00013629": "I think the Lee is very important to Cork city. It's something that really", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00028-00013629-00014097": "defines the city. The city has always been built around the Lee and it's about time that we", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00029-00014097-00014625": "started, as a city, to use the Lee as an amenity. A few weeks ago, I was at the", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00030-00014625-00015258": "Lee Swim, which is amazing event that was around celebrating of our relationship with", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00031-00015258-00015666": "River Lee. That's the relationship that we should have with it and is a", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00032-00015666-00016184": "relationship that our policy makers should actually implement as well.", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00033-00016184-00016700": "So I think it's very important. I love the Lee.", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00034-00016700-00017000": "The Cork Greens, we were there at the early meetings.", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00035-00017000-00017420": "We were also vocally supporting the campaign from the very beginning.", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00036-00017420-00017970": "What we have done is we have rounded in behind the campaign and", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00037-00017970-00018420": "we've integrated the proposals from the campaign into our own local policies here in Cork.", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00038-00018420-00018903": "So we made submissions to OPW opposing the plan and supporting", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00039-00018903-00019451": "the Save Cork City campaign in that. We've also integrated Save Cork City's proposals into", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00040-00019451-00019791": "our proposal for the docklands. So we think that there's no point in", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00041-00019791-00020400": "redeveloping the docklands if we're going to either destroy the city and the heritage that that has", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00042-00020400-00020890": "or not have a tidal barrage out further to protect the docklands.", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00043-00020890-00021387": "We are a city that's faced onto the river, both branches of the river,", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00044-00021387-00021882": "but we should be a city that uses the river more that has the idea of", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00045-00021882-00022335": "water buses that has people facing the river as much as possible, as you see in", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00046-00022335-00022776": "a lot of other European cities for instance. We have that advantage and", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00047-00022776-00023103": "we should be using it more. Maybe we need the weather a bit more but certainly", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00048-00023103-00023560": "there the river is for us and this is a city of character in which we take a lot of pride in.", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00049-00023560-00023860": "I think we should get to the root of the problem rather than", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00050-00023865-00024266": "just doing this cosmetic job which would be really ugly and expensive.", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00051-00024266-00024795": "First and foremost, at the start there should be more green interventions in", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00052-00024795-00025278": "terms of there being more trees planted and slowing the flow of the river.", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00053-00025278-00025877": "I think also there should be a tidal barrier at the mouth of the harbour and", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00054-00025877-00026238": "so on down along so that we get to the real roots of the problem.", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00055-00026238-00026841": "I'm understanding that if we do build these walls that it won't even work", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00056-00026841-00027370": "because the water will just come up through the drains anyway.", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00057-00027370-00027966": "The solution is certainly not to put up large concrete walls polluting quite a", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00058-00027966-00028686": "lot of the water resources of the city. I think the solution is to defend", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00059-00028686-00029181": "the historical context of the old part of Cork city. Because what's happening", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00060-00029181-00029655": "now at the same time is that there's going to be billions of euros invested", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00061-00029655-00030089": "into the docklands area of Cork, which means lots of new development is going", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00062-00030089-00030507": "to be happening, which will be drawing people away from the city centre,", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00063-00030507-00031089": "if we have a plan like the current Office Public Works' plan,", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00064-00031089-00031425": "which will degrade the character of the city to a point where people wouldn't", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00065-00031425-00031806": "necessarily want to be in it anymore. I think that's a big problem.", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00066-00031806-00032202": "I think it's a massive problem that we're having billions of euros worth", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00067-00032202-00032679": "of development in the docklands but we're not protecting it with a barrage, which would", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00068-00032679-00033063": "be extremely cost-effective and also, in terms of the fact that climate change", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00069-00033063-00033384": "is also going to be causing problems in the future, we need to be", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00070-00033384-00033783": "safeguarding that as well. So we need joined up thinking between the Office of Public Works", "fDSW2WYiRWo-00071-00033783-00034500": "and the docklands development in order to get a solution that is one that's good for Cork city."}}, {"audio_id": "fE2UNefXmmu", "text": {"fE2UNefXmmu-00000-00000000-00000216": "oh oh there's our guy", "fE2UNefXmmu-00001-00000528-00001026": "a first look at our guy look at him lounging", "fE2UNefXmmu-00002-00001260-00001548": "he's like lean leaned over on the side a little bit"}}, {"audio_id": "fE7qlsM-eNY", "text": {"fE7qlsM-eNY-00000-00000106-00000139": "Okay.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00001-00000139-00000348": "So let's talk about the central nervous system.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00002-00000348-00001122": "This is one of the most mysterious parts of the human body.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00003-00001122-00001395": "It's also one of the most interesting.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00004-00001495-00001814": "Central nervous system is the brain and the spinal cord.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00005-00001814-00001995": "And so we'll talk about the anatomy, some of", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00006-00001995-00002275": "the complexity of it and then we'll get right into.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00007-00002275-00002669": "Some illustrative disorders that help us understand the, the engineering challenges", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00008-00002669-00003071": "that are faced and that'll bring us [INAUDIBLE] patients and therapies.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00009-00003173-00003453": "By the way always feel free to pipe in with, with questions as we go.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00010-00003453-00003657": "And I'll have questions for you actually along the way.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00011-00003792-00003986": "So this is the human brain.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00012-00003986-00004103": "it's.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00013-00004103-00004566": "Got several broad structural separations, the spinal", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00014-00004566-00004900": "cord is divided into individual components the", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00015-00004900-00005204": "cervical thoracic lumbar and scareal, cerebellum helps", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00016-00005204-00005453": "control movement, we'll delve into that later.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00017-00005453-00005613": "There's some relay stations in here that", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00018-00005613-00005838": "help with the communication of sensory information.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00019-00005838-00006156": "And also the out put of motor control in the middle.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00020-00006156-00006476": "And then the cerebral hemispheres are at the surface, and are", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00021-00006476-00006813": "where some of the most high-level function is thought to reside.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00022-00006947-00007022": "What is this all for?", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00023-00007022-00007623": "Well, you know, we think it's there to help orchestrate behavior by adapting and", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00024-00007623-00008098": "storing information, and guiding movement to the appropriate core environment.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00025-00008098-00008450": "And the units of computation, we don't know, but we think they're neurons.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00026-00008450-00008536": "They might not.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00027-00008536-00008730": "That might not be the relevant level of granularity.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00028-00008730-00008942": "It might be synapses or it might be groups of neurons,", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00029-00008942-00009236": "and this is the, the essence of the mysteries that we face.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00030-00009236-00009607": "We don't know the primitives, the core units of computation in the brain, but", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00031-00009607-00009895": "there are ideas, and will, and these", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00032-00009895-00010153": "are things that can actually be explored quantitatively.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00033-00010153-00010310": "But whatever it is doing, it's pretty", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00034-00010310-00010606": "amazing the outcome, perception, consciousness, the whole.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00035-00010734-00011158": "and, the central nervous system we'll talk about today, and then we'll get into", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00036-00011158-00011329": "the peripheral nervous system, and, and then", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00037-00011329-00011552": "the output into the muscular skeletal later.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00038-00011552-00011710": "[BLANK_AUDIO]", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00039-00011710-00012064": "I always like to keep sort of a, this, very biggest picture in mind,", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00040-00012064-00012280": "maybe it's because I'm psychiatrist, but even", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00041-00012280-00012642": "when we're talking about neurons, and, and [INAUDIBLE].", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00042-00012642-00012984": "Consciousness is something that you know, kind of", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00043-00012984-00013161": "funny there's there's a philosopher named David", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00044-00013161-00013471": "Chalmers whose divided this question of consciousness", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00045-00013471-00013649": "into the easy and the hard problems.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00046-00013649-00013825": "And it's a little bit tongue in cheek because easy", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00047-00013825-00014063": "problems are some of the hardest problems that we face.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00048-00014063-00014563": "In the analogy there is even a really much harder thing beyond that.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00049-00014563-00014761": "When you think about consciousness, the very highest", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00050-00014761-00015018": "level version of what, the human brain does.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00051-00015153-00015421": "And you think about what people sometimes refer", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00052-00015421-00015897": "to as consciousness, the ability to process information, the", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00053-00016151-00016512": "ability to report on or comment on your mental state.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00054-00016512-00016654": "Access your own mental state.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00055-00016769-00017087": "Mention to them, to control behavior to be awake or not.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00056-00017087-00017475": "People have used the word consciousness to apply to all of these, but there's", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00057-00017475-00017695": "even a, sort of, a philosophically deeper", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00058-00017695-00018040": "question for consciousness, which is the subjective sense.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00059-00018040-00018410": "When we see something red, you know, we, there is information processing.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00060-00018410-00018609": "We register it as red.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00061-00018609-00018744": "But there's, there's more than that.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00062-00018744-00018855": "There is a subjective sense.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00063-00018855-00019016": "There is a quality of redness.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00064-00019016-00019274": "There is something that it means to be red to", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00065-00019274-00019624": "us, and that is something that presumably a computer doesn't have.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00066-00019624-00020106": "What that means is actually an active area of debate and research by a serious neuro", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00067-00020106-00020371": "scientist and that's something if you're interested in", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00068-00020371-00020663": "I, I can help guide you to some resources.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00069-00020663-00020965": "We'll get there, actually a little, a little bit later in the course.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00070-00021156-00021476": "But back to this, this is, the, the information flow.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00071-00021476-00021860": "It's bidirectional from the spinal cord up and from the brain out.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00072-00021860-00022304": "And, the discrimination, mean white matter and", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00073-00022304-00022528": "grey matter you might have heard about.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00074-00022528-00022828": "If you just take a piece of brain, and you slice it and you", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00075-00022828-00023338": "look at it there's parts that look light and there's parts that look brownish grey.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00076-00023338-00023573": "The white part is very fatty.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00077-00023573-00023762": "It's very, got a very high lipid content.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00078-00023762-00023962": "That's why it looks like congealed fat.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00079-00023962-00024374": "And the reason it's fatty is the axons, the long range", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00080-00024374-00024714": "projections are sheathed in a fatty tissue which acts as a.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00081-00024714-00024778": "Effectively.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00082-00024778-00025221": "Like a insulator that influences the capacitance of the membrane.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00083-00025221-00025537": "And [INAUDIBLE] improves the fidelity of long range transmission.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00084-00025537-00025726": "For reasons that we'll talk about.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00085-00025726-00025906": "And this is more or less exactly what it looks like.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00086-00025906-00026142": "If you take a slice through the brain.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00087-00026142-00026261": "In the human brain, there's about a two", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00088-00026261-00026737": "millimeter thick rim of, neurons that's at the surface.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00089-00026737-00026877": "And all this.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00090-00026877-00027394": "Whitish stuff is this lipid-sheathed long-range wiring.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00091-00027394-00028007": "Actually cell bodies are just limited to the [INAUDIBLE] region on the surface.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00092-00028007-00028164": "There's some subcortical, what are called", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00093-00028164-00028466": "subcortical regions, clusters of deep gray matter.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00094-00028588-00029102": "But you can see the volume is vastly dominated by the", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00095-00029102-00029464": "actual wiring rather than the cells that give rise to them", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00096-00029643-00029945": ">> Obviously this is going to set major constraints on interventions if you", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00097-00029945-00030298": "think about, are we going to stick an electrode in here to stimulate.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00098-00030298-00030694": "Or record, you know, physical constraints that", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00099-00030694-00030968": "this, that's enough targets that it provides", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00100-00030968-00031205": "are going to be very important, that's why", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00101-00031205-00031499": "knowing the anatomy is important for engineers.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00102-00031499-00031786": "[BLANK_AUDIO]", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00103-00031786-00032036": "Now information flows in, information goes out.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00104-00032036-00032280": "Afferent, is the information coming in.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00105-00032380-00032645": "There are major classes information, they is Somatic.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00106-00032871-00033607": "Last we think about is [INAUDIBLE] proprioceptive.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00107-00033607-00033761": "That's if you close your eyes you still know", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00108-00033761-00033928": "where your joints and limbs are in space, and", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00109-00033928-00034208": "that's because there are little stretch receptors that report", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00110-00034208-00034484": "back to your brain on the angle of your joints.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00111-00034484-00034951": "[INAUDIBLE] Awareness of yourself about other kinds of sensual", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00112-00035155-00035219": "sensors.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00113-00035219-00035321": "Then there is visceral.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00114-00035321-00035924": "This is corresponding to non-specific abdominal,", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00115-00035924-00036191": "for example type sensations you can get.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00116-00036191-00036603": "It's not localizable to a particular spot but there are all kinds", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00117-00036603-00036975": "of stretch receptors in your intestines on your blood vessels and [INAUDIBLE] report.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00118-00037095-00037234": "Very general feelings.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00119-00037234-00037461": "Even general malaise feelings, but they're coming from", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00120-00037461-00038206": "direct signal's from, from vessels and internal organs.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00121-00038206-00038802": "And then, there are the specialized senses, like hearing smell, and balance.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00122-00038938-00039665": "And, those flow in In most cases into the spinal cord origin of those fibers arise", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00123-00039665-00040198": "for example from the skin and there are multiple synaptic relays along the way.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00124-00040351-00040577": "Information comes out, there's the efferent.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00125-00040577-00040855": "Remember that e for exit this is", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00126-00041157-00041463": "very significant in terms of thinking about therapies as well.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00127-00041463-00042076": "If someone is suffering from a stroke or has had damage to the brain,", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00128-00042076-00042338": "many of their control capabilities are limited", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00129-00042338-00042559": "because there's been damage to the efferent pathways.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00130-00042559-00042828": "And so they can sense, they can think, they", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00131-00042828-00043016": "can plan actions, but they just can't execute them.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00132-00043154-00043630": "And there are neurons that are involved in controlling", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00133-00043630-00043980": "the efferent [INAUDIBLE] activity that bind whats called the", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00134-00043980-00044580": "motor cortex, parts of brain that control [INAUDIBLE] function", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00135-00044580-00044966": "and resolution and precision of the muscles that control.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00136-00044966-00045252": "Those parts of the body are represented according to the", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00137-00045252-00045531": "complexity in terms of the real estate that they're allowed.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00138-00045531-00045649": "On the brain.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00139-00045649-00046031": "Pretty interesting if you have an amputation, if", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00140-00046031-00046513": "you ooze function, you actually can have representation both", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00141-00046513-00046822": "for motor and sensation is still there in", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00142-00046822-00047319": "the brain at least for, cause problems, sensory problems.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00143-00047319-00047665": "You can have what's called phantom limb pain, even if a limb is gone you can still", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00144-00047665-00048028": "feel pain from the limb, because of abnormal action", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00145-00048028-00048354": "of fibers and neurons that formerly represented that limb.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00146-00048354-00048608": "Very interesting [UNKNOWN] of that, in other", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00147-00048608-00048828": "parts of the brain, people have chronic blindness.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00148-00048828-00049067": "There's a syndrome called Charles Bonet syndrome,", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00149-00049067-00049346": "where very complex hallucination, hallucinations are seen.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00150-00049346-00049876": "Now this is not schizophrenia, this is not psychosis, but it's it's kind of the", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00151-00049876-00050051": "equivalent of phantom limb pain, except in", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00152-00050051-00050218": "the part of the brain that controls vision.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00153-00050218-00050427": "So chronic deprivation can lead to", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00154-00050427-00050634": "unregulated and spontaneous activity in the", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00155-00050634-00051084": "part of the brain that was involved in carrying out that process.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00156-00051084-00051274": "All we know is that sort of phenomenon.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00157-00051274-00051636": "We don't understand the physiology behind that so it's actually very hard to treat.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00158-00051636-00051932": "People try giving general dampers of", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00159-00051932-00052216": "neuro activity, kind of of like antiepileptic drugs,", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00160-00052216-00052654": "things that quiet everything down, shut down ion channels for this sort of thing.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00161-00052654-00052759": "They're very nonspecific.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00162-00052759-00052968": "They have huge side effects that cause sedation.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00163-00052968-00053287": "Sleepiness, [UNKNOWN] the problems, and then highlight some of", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00164-00053287-00053524": "the issues that we have in, in neuro science.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00165-00053524-00053817": "[BLANK_AUDIO]", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00166-00053817-00054417": "The outputs come all the way down through the spinal cord that control action.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00167-00054417-00054662": "And if you cut a slice through the spinal", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00168-00054662-00054994": "cord, there's you know two basic sides to it.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00169-00055148-00055497": "There's the sensory part, the dorsal part, and then there's the motor part.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00170-00055497-00055600": "Or the [INAUDIBLE].", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00171-00055600-00055958": "So the mot, motor neurons have their cell bodies in what's called", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00172-00055958-00056304": "the ventral horn, and they can [UNKNOWN] and act on the muscles.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00173-00056304-00056636": "Sensory [INAUDIBLE] proto cord dorsal root ganglion cells.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00174-00056636-00056897": "[BLANK_AUDIO]", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00175-00056897-00057084": "These can actually, this is a reflex arc.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00176-00057084-00057408": "It operates without even action on the brain.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00177-00057408-00057659": "You can have autonomous processing and the", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00178-00057659-00057986": "reaction happens entirely within the spinal cord.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00179-00057986-00058036": "As", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00180-00058204-00058513": "you go to higher levels you get more complex", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00181-00058513-00058814": "processing inside the spinal cord as you go up.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00182-00058814-00059039": "Ends about here, and the you have,", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00183-00059039-00059292": "structures called the medulla and the pons.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00184-00059292-00059788": "And these regulate very primitive, but very important functions.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00185-00059788-00060217": "Respiration, digestion, heart rate, sleep, basal motor", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00186-00060217-00060448": "control, that means blood pressure and blood [INAUDIBLE].", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00187-00060654-00060762": "Reflexes.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00188-00060762-00060890": "Then as you get to the pons, that", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00189-00060890-00061232": "gets to slightly higher level things, posture and balance.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00190-00061232-00061460": "These are, you can't live without these.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00191-00061460-00061980": "If there are any tumors that arise in the pons, they cannot be surgically", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00192-00061980-00062469": "removed because any attempt to carry out surgery in the pons will be", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00193-00062469-00063091": "essentially shut down, fundamental processes that are required.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00194-00063091-00063527": "It pre limits you to chemotherapy and radiation.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00195-00063632-00064004": "Tumors not responsive to those, there's really no successful treatment.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00196-00064004-00064360": "[BLANK_AUDIO]", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00197-00064360-00064755": "Continuing progression up, toward more advanced parts of the brain,", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00198-00064755-00065003": "we get to the cerebellum, which is a fascinating structure.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00199-00065003-00065454": "It actually, even though it's small, it has, 90% of all the neurons in the brain.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00200-00065454-00065632": "[INAUDIBLE] because it's got a lot", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00201-00065632-00065881": "of extremely tiny neurons called granule cells.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00202-00066009-00066397": "And it controls movement, classically, that's what it's thought to involve.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00203-00066397-00066515": "But it also may have", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00204-00066810-00066946": "some cognitive role as well.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00205-00066946-00067366": "It's thought it might play a role in sequencing thought,", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00206-00067366-00067634": "just as it plays a role in sequencing motor actions.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00207-00067634-00068176": "You get very at motor action, playing the violin, kicking a field goal.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00208-00068176-00068387": "The motor patterns are thought to be stored", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00209-00068387-00068606": "there in the cerebellum, the sequencing of action.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00210-00068606-00068656": "A", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00211-00068882-00069303": "lot of learning and plasticity that happens there.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00212-00069303-00069652": "And there's basic movement, voluntary behavior and then there's.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00213-00069758-00069910": "More advanced parts of the cerebellum", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00214-00069910-00070089": "that are called the cerebrocerebellum are though", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00215-00070089-00070807": "to be involved in these sequencing of actions and thoughts at a higher level.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00216-00070807-00071283": "In addition to having a vast number of neurons, some of", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00217-00071283-00071614": "the most complex neurons are in the brain are the Purkinje cells.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00218-00071770-00072008": "have, about a hundred thousand synapses per cell.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00219-00072111-00072459": "By the way, the number of different [UNKNOWN] histologists we talked to a", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00220-00072459-00072954": "number [INAUDIBLE] 70 to 90% of all CNS neurons that are cerebellar granule cells.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00221-00072954-00073004": "All,", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00222-00073213-00073492": "histologists agree, Purkinje cells, which are a beautiful.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00223-00073492-00073986": "A cell that has a very enormous dendritic tree has probably tenfold", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00224-00073986-00074400": "greater synapses than your average synapse in your average cell in the brain.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00225-00074400-00074688": "Those cells in the brain have about 10,000, these have about 100,000.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00226-00074688-00075089": "Those are the incoming connections that, that are", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00227-00075089-00075485": "[INAUDIBLE] present on the cells, dendrites, which [INAUDIBLE].", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00228-00075743-00076151": "Next level up get to the midbrain and the diencephalon, and here", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00229-00076151-00076780": "start to get into some pretty interesting disease relevant to these structures.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00230-00076780-00077330": "The midbrain, so call mesencephalon, has the source", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00231-00077330-00077683": "of many neurotransmitters that are involved in diseases like.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00232-00077683-00077840": "Parkinson's disease and depression.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00233-00077940-00078280": "The substantia nigra, is a particular part of the brain that", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00234-00078280-00078724": "histologically shows up as very dark, and that's because it makes dopamine,", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00235-00078724-00079257": "which is a poor neurotransmitter, and the enzymes that are required for", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00236-00079257-00079650": "production of dopamine make the structure end up looking dark on histology.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00237-00079781-00079910": "You can actually see those neurons are", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00238-00079910-00080301": "lost in Parkinson's and the structure looks different.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00239-00080301-00080877": "You can just look at the brain and see this person [INAUDIBLE].", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00240-00080877-00081238": "You can't do that with psychiatry [INAUDIBLE].", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00241-00081238-00081622": "Austin criteria for getting up almost to", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00242-00081622-00081973": "the downtown region now, up into the Diencephalon.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00243-00081973-00082328": "This is where the Thalamus lives, this is where", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00244-00082328-00082531": "a lot of incoming sensor information has a waystation.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00245-00082531-00083041": "There's a synapse here, there are lot of neurons here up in the", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00246-00083041-00083548": "cortex and there's a lot of important processing that happens.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00247-00083548-00083789": "You have a lesion to the thalamus, like with a", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00248-00083789-00084235": "stroke, or damage, you get very interesting neglect syndromes, where you", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00249-00084235-00084737": "have somebody who appears normal, but will simply not be conscious", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00250-00084737-00085165": "of, you know, I coming from the part of the world.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00251-00085165-00085691": "That, that part of the thalamus registers and shows up in fascinating ways.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00252-00085691-00086080": "If you ask them to draw a clock, someone with a lesion", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00253-00086080-00086421": "to one side of the thalamus will draw just a half a clock.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00254-00086421-00086857": "They'll draw the numbers all bunched on to one side of the clock and so this sort of", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00255-00086857-00087520": "very high level awareness of space and of the world is sensitive to lesions.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00256-00087520-00087744": "The thalamus is where a lot of that is integrated.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00257-00088108-00088326": "There's a little structure under the thalamus", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00258-00088326-00088547": "called the hypothalamus which is also pretty interesting.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00259-00088547-00088889": "It's the site of most of our basic drives.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00260-00088889-00089032": "It tells you what you want.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00261-00089032-00089152": "How much of it you want.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00262-00089152-00089285": "There are neurons there that control", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00263-00089285-00089797": "hunger, thirst, desperation, sex, sleep, anger.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00264-00089797-00090069": "What's interesting is they're all jumbled together so they're, it's", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00265-00090069-00090394": "not as if there's a sex region, a sleep region.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00266-00090394-00090663": "Those different neurons are all mixed together side by side.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00267-00090663-00090794": "And that is.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00268-00090794-00090916": "Makes it hard for treatment, right?", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00269-00090916-00091195": "You can put an electrode in and correct someone's sleep disorder", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00270-00091195-00091452": "because you drive all these different neurons at the same time.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00271-00091452-00091854": "So that also is the interesting thing for engineers to think about, is how are we", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00272-00091854-00092173": "going, if someone has narcolepsy or something like", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00273-00092173-00092504": "that, some very serious sleep disorder, that's all regulated.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00274-00092608-00092843": "These jumbled up neurons and hypothalamus how on earth", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00275-00092843-00093045": "are we going to come in and select a [UNKNOWN],", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00276-00093045-00093320": "even if we target an electrode, or a pulse of", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00277-00093320-00093524": "energy at some time, that's not going to be some.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00278-00093747-00094292": "There's almost no, you know, other structure where this problem is as acute.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00279-00094292-00094476": "There are related problems in other structures, if", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00280-00094476-00094721": "you think about the heart, as we'll get to.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00281-00094721-00094860": "At least we know the heart's a pump.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00282-00094860-00095008": "We can see the different parts that are", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00283-00095008-00095234": "involved in pumping, and sending blood from one part", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00284-00095234-00095491": "to another, and we know the electrical conduction", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00285-00095491-00095770": "pathways and we can put an electrode and stimulate.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00286-00095770-00096095": "In many ways, the heart that was complex in", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00287-00096095-00096316": "it's own right and it's not at all simple.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00288-00096316-00096619": "But it's a much, a much more challenging problem, the brain.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00289-00096876-00097384": "Then we get into pretty high level cortical and subcortical structures.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00290-00097384-00097763": "Fascinating banana shaped structure called the hippocampus", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00291-00097763-00098183": "which, where short term memories are stored.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00292-00098183-00098676": "You learn something in the moment, the memories.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00293-00098676-00099471": "That you learned a minute ago, or a day ago, are stored in the hippocampus, and", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00294-00099471-00099772": "over the course of a month or two,", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00295-00099772-00100165": "or six months, those memories get offloaded to cortex.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00296-00100165-00100637": "For very long-term storage, and they get erased from the hippocampus.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00297-00100637-00101125": "Looks like a short term memory buffer of sorts.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00298-00101125-00101509": "That's an interesting structure for other reasons too.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00299-00101509-00101956": "People who have depression and people who are susceptible to post traumatic stress", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00300-00101956-00102254": "disorder, seem to have smaller hippo campi,", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00301-00102254-00102431": "this is just based on structural imaging.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00302-00102431-00102868": "It's not known if this is casual or if it's a vulnerability factor.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00303-00102868-00102985": "These are open questions.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00304-00102985-00103477": "One of the very few anatomical findings that we have in psychiatry is", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00305-00103477-00103656": "that's pretty consistent, hippocampus is a", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00306-00103656-00103922": "little smaller in depression, also in schizophrenia.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00307-00104077-00104092": "Yeah?", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00308-00104092-00104404": ">> [INAUDIBLE] >> It is.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00309-00104404-00104674": "We, we can't image it as well as we'd like.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00310-00104674-00105108": "There's a lot of sub-structure within it that we can't resolve.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00311-00105108-00105297": "But you can actually see the hippocampus pretty well", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00312-00105297-00105650": "on a standard MRI, and you can quantify, so that's", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00313-00105890-00106289": "The limits of MRI and CT scanning are", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00314-00106289-00106533": "something we'll get to in a little bit but.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00315-00106533-00106843": "And even that's just structural, of course we don't have.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00316-00106843-00107076": "Act, as much activity information as we would like.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00317-00107076-00107493": "We can get that by other means as well.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00318-00107493-00107780": "Then there's this little spherical structure at the end.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00319-00107780-00107933": "The amygdala that's involved in", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00320-00108159-00108570": "sort of adding valance, positive or negative color to your experiences.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00321-00108700-00109243": "It's most classically associated with negative, rage, fear, anxiety, but it", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00322-00109243-00109630": "also does play a role in positive rewarding or addictive experiences.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00323-00109764-00109958": "Though it sort of adds, sort of", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00324-00109958-00110283": "value, to [INAUDIBLE] both of these structures communicate", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00325-00110283-00110479": "heavily with the parts of your brain", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00326-00110479-00110776": "that plan action which are the cortical structures.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00327-00111045-00111291": "This is one other interesting thing about the hippocampus.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00328-00111291-00111718": "This is a drawing done by a Nobel prize winning Spanish", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00329-00111718-00112194": "anatomist named Santiago Ramon y Cajal, who in the early 1900's.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00330-00112194-00112475": "He sort of marched through the brain, he and his students drawing these", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00331-00112475-00112717": "beautiful diagrams using a very specific stain", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00332-00112717-00113094": "called a Golgi stain that highlighted sparse.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00333-00113094-00113476": "Neurons but highlighted them very well and that's illustrated here.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00334-00113645-00114013": "You know, he found these neurons, traced them out in great detail.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00335-00114013-00114368": "The hippocampus, this is like a slice through the banana so on your, you", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00336-00114368-00114717": "know, it's like a slice of a banana that you put on your cereal.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00337-00114717-00114991": "And if you do that, you see this interesting structure.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00338-00114991-00115272": "There's a, a fiber pathway coming in.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00339-00115272-00115428": "There's one layer of neurons that's", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00340-00115428-00115766": "called the Dentate Gyrus, information's coming out.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00341-00115766-00116158": "There's another layer, the CA3, Cornu Ammonis, Amun's horn.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00342-00116158-00116506": "The Cornu Ammonis really look like a.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00343-00116808-00117202": "That goes to another layer, CA1, that goes out.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00344-00117202-00117505": "So it's like a three-layered neural network, okay?", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00345-00117505-00117709": "[UNKNOWN] neural network.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00346-00117709-00118007": "This is actually the kind of thing that got me into neuroscience", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00347-00118007-00118343": "initially, and there's all kinds of interesting stuff going on here.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00348-00118343-00118769": "There's synaptic plasticity, this is where synaptic strengths change.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00349-00118769-00118858": "Particularly well.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00350-00118858-00119008": "That happens everywhere in the brain, but", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00351-00119008-00119307": "particularly robustly here in the dentate gyrus.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00352-00119307-00119412": "That's where.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00353-00119412-00119633": "It's the only site in the human", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00354-00119633-00119991": "brain where new neurons are formed and [INAUDIBLE].", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00355-00119991-00120242": "And there's a lot of interesting questions surrounding that why in", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00356-00120242-00120513": "this first layer of this neural network that's involved in short term", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00357-00120513-00120983": "memory, why is that the only place where adult neurons are,", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00358-00120983-00121371": "are That's a really interesting question we might come get back to.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00359-00121371-00121870": "And then finally the pinnacle of evolution, cerebral cortex.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00360-00121870-00122486": "This occupies most of our", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00361-00122728-00123281": "Cerebral volume it's got basic lobular subdivisions.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00362-00123281-00123644": "The occipital lobe in the back is involved in vision.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00363-00123842-00124306": "Temporal lobe heavily involved in auditory experience.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00364-00124306-00124607": "The hippocampus is embedded within the temporal lobe as well.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00365-00124757-00125048": "The parietal lobe is heavily involved in sensation.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00366-00125283-00125453": "Group of sensory cortex here, where", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00367-00125453-00125665": "all the incoming sensory information are found,", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00368-00125867-00126055": "off in the mathematical reasoning.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00369-00126198-00126449": "Frontal lobes are involved in planning communication.", "fE7qlsM-eNY-00370-00126608-00126830": "Long term goal directed activities."}}, {"audio_id": "fE9sAln7tAA", "text": {"fE9sAln7tAA-00000-00002072-00002486": "Hey y'all welcome back to my channel thank you so much for coming back for another", "fE9sAln7tAA-00001-00002486-00002909": "video and for those of you who haven't seen me before hey girl hey my name is", "fE9sAln7tAA-00002-00002909-00003270": "Valery Marie and I started my youtube channel here about a couple weeks ago", "fE9sAln7tAA-00003-00003270-00003684": "and I have to clean with me posted on my channel they're clean and unpacked with", "fE9sAln7tAA-00004-00003684-00004079": "me that I did in our new home that we are currently in right now well I guess", "fE9sAln7tAA-00005-00004079-00004430": "it's not new anymore because we've been here for a couple of months but if you", "fE9sAln7tAA-00006-00004430-00004689": "guys are interested in those type of videos I'll make sure to have that", "fE9sAln7tAA-00007-00004689-00005096": "playlist listed down in the description box for you below and I hope by the end", "fE9sAln7tAA-00008-00005096-00005427": "of this video you decide that you've seen something that you like and you", "fE9sAln7tAA-00009-00005427-00005727": "decide to subscribe to me and my little YouTube family", "fE9sAln7tAA-00010-00005727-00006102": "but yeah I'm rambling a lot so without further ado let's go ahead and get into", "fE9sAln7tAA-00011-00006102-00006522": "what this video is about so in today's video as you can see by the title I'm", "fE9sAln7tAA-00012-00006522-00006876": "going to be sharing with you guys my favorite cleaning products from Dollar", "fE9sAln7tAA-00013-00006876-00007302": "Tree a lot of the products I used to clean in general are either from Dollar", "fE9sAln7tAA-00014-00007302-00007734": "Tree or warmer but I really like to get all of my products from Dollar Tree", "fE9sAln7tAA-00015-00007734-00008028": "because I feel like you can get more bang for your buck there because", "fE9sAln7tAA-00016-00008028-00008463": "everything is a dollar so why not go there when you need like some really", "fE9sAln7tAA-00017-00008463-00008904": "good cleaning products so yeah I just like to gravitate to Dollar - and I like", "fE9sAln7tAA-00018-00008904-00009257": "to get most of my things but like I said I do like to get some things from", "fE9sAln7tAA-00019-00009257-00009611": "Walmart and every now and then I'll venture out and get something somewhere", "fE9sAln7tAA-00020-00009611-00010092": "else had a random store but I usually stick to one hour in Dollar Tree so yeah", "fE9sAln7tAA-00021-00010092-00010422": "all the cleaning products I'm going to be sharing with you guys today are just", "fE9sAln7tAA-00022-00010422-00010767": "all the necessities cleaning products I feel like if you're going to Dollar Tree", "fE9sAln7tAA-00023-00010767-00011234": "it's a must-have to have in your home and yeah without further ado let's go", "fE9sAln7tAA-00024-00011234-00011660": "ahead and get into that portion of the video so the first product I want to be", "fE9sAln7tAA-00025-00011660-00012317": "sharing with you guys is this la awesome spray and this is my go-to cleaning", "fE9sAln7tAA-00026-00012317-00012800": "product I clean with this product I think every single day if I have to wipe", "fE9sAln7tAA-00027-00012800-00013226": "something down I don't clean every day but if I do have to wipe something down", "fE9sAln7tAA-00028-00013226-00013645": "I'm more than likely grabbing this product right here and it's just the LA", "fE9sAln7tAA-00029-00013645-00014108": "totally awesome all-purpose concentrated cleaner and it also says it's a", "fE9sAln7tAA-00030-00014108-00014831": "degreaser spot remover and you guys this thing cleans everything it gets anything", "fE9sAln7tAA-00031-00014831-00015376": "and everything you want to get off your counters your furniture your wall this", "fE9sAln7tAA-00032-00015376-00015772": "product is really good for that but you do have to be extra careful with it on", "fE9sAln7tAA-00033-00015772-00016178": "the wall don't rub your wall because you might rub your paint off with this", "fE9sAln7tAA-00034-00016178-00016595": "products I wouldn't recommend doing that maybe just stick into a water and wash", "fE9sAln7tAA-00035-00016595-00016981": "cloth but I do like to using this product on my wall too if I see a little", "fE9sAln7tAA-00036-00016981-00017401": "scuff out of there I just want to go ahead and get off and this product says", "fE9sAln7tAA-00037-00017401-00017929": "that it cleans everything washable spray-on wipe off and it removes blood", "fE9sAln7tAA-00038-00017929-00018473": "stain grease wine liquor gum oil blue coffee pet stains and basically", "fE9sAln7tAA-00039-00018473-00018959": "everything and I just picked up another spray bottle of it I already have one at", "fE9sAln7tAA-00040-00018959-00019466": "home but I wanted to have an extra one because I just didn't like having to", "fE9sAln7tAA-00041-00019466-00019862": "grab that one spray bottle I have and just carrying it around every way that I", "fE9sAln7tAA-00042-00019862-00020245": "wanted to clean I want to have one in the kitchen and one in our bathroom so", "fE9sAln7tAA-00043-00020245-00020635": "that's why I decided to pick up a second one but they also have a refillable", "fE9sAln7tAA-00044-00020635-00021095": "bottle of it so if you guys want to just go ahead and have one spray bottle at", "fE9sAln7tAA-00045-00021095-00021473": "the house you can always go ahead and do that and when you run out you can", "fE9sAln7tAA-00046-00021473-00021983": "cut this refill up at Dollar Tree and just refill it up whenever you get empty", "fE9sAln7tAA-00047-00021983-00022520": "and apparently this product is also as seen on TV I'm actually just now seeing", "fE9sAln7tAA-00048-00022520-00022976": "that I did not know that but yeah this product is really great you guys were", "fE9sAln7tAA-00049-00022976-00023348": "getting rid of anything and everything that you'd like to get rid of in your", "fE9sAln7tAA-00050-00023348-00023837": "home I highly highly recommend it if you have not tried this product you're", "fE9sAln7tAA-00051-00023837-00024323": "sleeping on it seriously you guys go to Dollar Tree right now and get this print", "fE9sAln7tAA-00052-00024323-00024665": "the second cleaning product I want to share with you guys from Dollar Tree is", "fE9sAln7tAA-00053-00024665-00025276": "this foam glass cleaner if you guys have not tried foam glass cleaners you are", "fE9sAln7tAA-00054-00025276-00025816": "literally sleeping on something this is the best thing to clean glass windows", "fE9sAln7tAA-00055-00025816-00026294": "anything I don't want to use Windex anymore because I find out that compared", "fE9sAln7tAA-00056-00026294-00026777": "to this it actually leaves straights and this doesn't leave any streaks and it's", "fE9sAln7tAA-00057-00026777-00027260": "really cool I know that Walmart has a similar glass cleaner and I think it's", "fE9sAln7tAA-00058-00027260-00027853": "about 297 there if I'm not mistaking or 197 and it's just about a little bit", "fE9sAln7tAA-00059-00027853-00028406": "bigger but I've been using this one from Dollar Tree for about probably five or", "fE9sAln7tAA-00060-00028406-00028909": "six years now and this is just my go-to spray glass cleaner I do want to try the", "fE9sAln7tAA-00061-00028909-00029320": "one from Walmart to compare to see if it is better the third product I want to", "fE9sAln7tAA-00062-00029320-00029702": "share with you guys are these dish detergent packs from Dollar Tree and", "fE9sAln7tAA-00063-00029702-00030377": "they're actually really good they do get the job done they come in 10 in a pack", "fE9sAln7tAA-00064-00030377-00030834": "and I think that's really good getting and dishwasher packs for a dollar so", "fE9sAln7tAA-00065-00030834-00031231": "when I usually go in and get them I usually grab two so I can just have 20", "fE9sAln7tAA-00066-00031231-00031602": "flies you would grab two two three so I usually have twenty to thirty at hand", "fE9sAln7tAA-00067-00031602-00032019": "because the one thing that I don't like doing is running out of dishwasher packs", "fE9sAln7tAA-00068-00032019-00032356": "and I have to watch a whole bunch of dishes when I can just go ahead and", "fE9sAln7tAA-00069-00032356-00032743": "throw them in the dishwasher so yeah I do like picking these up from Dollar", "fE9sAln7tAA-00070-00032743-00033162": "Tree and as you guys know dishwasher packs can actually get really really", "fE9sAln7tAA-00071-00033162-00033747": "expensive you can get like a ten pack at Walmart and I think it'll cost you 497", "fE9sAln7tAA-00072-00033747-00034269": "five bucks if I'm not mistaken I will look that up so yeah they do get a", "fE9sAln7tAA-00073-00034269-00034722": "little bit expensive sometimes I do go ahead and buy a big old tub of them from", "fE9sAln7tAA-00074-00034722-00035115": "Walmart if I really really want something good I do like the finish", "fE9sAln7tAA-00075-00035115-00035637": "brand but these are just as good and Dollar Tree also has these little caps a", "fE9sAln7tAA-00076-00035637-00036427": "dishwasher packs too and these come let's see yeah these kind of Florida", "fE9sAln7tAA-00077-00036427-00036894": "pack actually have never used these the Cascade brand or grab this from Dollar", "fE9sAln7tAA-00078-00036894-00037306": "Tree but I wanted to do I wanted to go ahead and grab one because they do have", "fE9sAln7tAA-00079-00037306-00037768": "dawn in them moving on to the smell good products that I love to get from Dollar", "fE9sAln7tAA-00080-00037768-00038253": "Tree I know you can get these at Walmart for ninety seven cents apiece but that", "fE9sAln7tAA-00081-00038253-00038554": "day the day that I did get these I just didn't feel like", "fE9sAln7tAA-00082-00038554-00038950": "you know how sometimes you just don't feel like dealing with Walmart the line", "fE9sAln7tAA-00083-00038950-00039439": "the people everything in general with Walmart so I rather just go ahead and go", "fE9sAln7tAA-00084-00039439-00039772": "to Dollar Tree and pay three more extra cents and just get it there for the", "fE9sAln7tAA-00085-00039772-00040327": "convenience and these are the Glade air fresheners and I have them in this scent", "fE9sAln7tAA-00086-00040327-00041140": "of cashmere wood Hawaiian breeze and red honeysuckle and nectar and I usually", "fE9sAln7tAA-00087-00041140-00041548": "like putting these in the bathroom when I get done cleaning them real good at", "fE9sAln7tAA-00088-00041548-00041995": "Rosyth deep cleaning I like to leave one of these on the top of the toilet until", "fE9sAln7tAA-00089-00041995-00042394": "they run out and then just keep on switching them off as they keep running", "fE9sAln7tAA-00090-00042394-00042868": "off and another thing that I like to use from Dollar Tree are these Air Wick yeah", "fE9sAln7tAA-00091-00042868-00043396": "Air Wick stickups and these you guys are some of the best things if you have an", "fE9sAln7tAA-00092-00043396-00043900": "area in your house where it has a lot of odor because maybe you have their pet", "fE9sAln7tAA-00093-00043900-00044542": "there maybe it's a bathroom I don't know like any place in your house that you", "fE9sAln7tAA-00094-00044542-00044935": "feel like there's a odor coming from it and you just want to get that scent", "fE9sAln7tAA-00095-00044935-00045340": "aware that's just not what you want to smell go ahead and grab one of these bad", "fE9sAln7tAA-00096-00045340-00045616": "boys and stick it in the mirror that scent or", "fE9sAln7tAA-00097-00045616-00046243": "ear whatever it is I like to put one of these that's my kitty I like to put one", "fE9sAln7tAA-00098-00046243-00046669": "of these near my cat's a litter box actually because as you guys know a", "fE9sAln7tAA-00099-00046669-00047191": "litter box can get to sink in so yeah I usually like grabbing these for the", "fE9sAln7tAA-00100-00047191-00047632": "litter box sometimes I do put them in the bathroom as well but I usually stick", "fE9sAln7tAA-00101-00047632-00048058": "to the glades for the bathroom on top of the toilet but these are really good to", "fE9sAln7tAA-00102-00048058-00048553": "just make your home smell really fresh really clean I do like to use them", "fE9sAln7tAA-00103-00048553-00048967": "randomly - if it's not just an area where I feel like needs a little help", "fE9sAln7tAA-00104-00048967-00049343": "with odor I just like to use them just to freshen up an area or a", "fE9sAln7tAA-00105-00049343-00049819": "space I'll stick it under a cabinet or something and just have that whole room", "fE9sAln7tAA-00106-00049819-00050210": "smelling so good and you just don't know what it is and it's just this little", "fE9sAln7tAA-00107-00050210-00050687": "secret thing stuck underneath so yeah these products are really really great", "fE9sAln7tAA-00108-00050687-00051119": "to get from Dollar Tree - they're not cleaning products but they are products", "fE9sAln7tAA-00109-00051119-00051569": "you can use after you clean - just help your home smell more clean and more", "fE9sAln7tAA-00110-00051569-00051971": "delicious so yeah if you guys are interested in that moving on to more", "fE9sAln7tAA-00111-00051971-00052499": "odor friendly odor fighting cleaning products I like to get these toilet bowl", "fE9sAln7tAA-00112-00052499-00052940": "cleaners from Dollar Tree and they come in three in a pack and I usually like", "fE9sAln7tAA-00113-00052940-00053351": "putting them in the toilet after I get done really deep cleaning the toilet", "fE9sAln7tAA-00114-00053351-00053827": "bowl out then I'll go ahead and put one of these in the top and I really like it", "fE9sAln7tAA-00115-00053827-00054101": "because it makes your toilet water blue I know", "fE9sAln7tAA-00116-00054101-00054587": "blue toilet water is tacky to some people but I still like it I like having", "fE9sAln7tAA-00117-00054587-00055054": "my toilet water blue I know that's weird but yeah I like to put one of these in", "fE9sAln7tAA-00118-00055054-00055514": "the guest bedroom guest bathroom and one of these in our bathroom at all times", "fE9sAln7tAA-00119-00055514-00056051": "just so I know that in between my queens that there's something that's doing the", "fE9sAln7tAA-00120-00056051-00056753": "job for me as well and these are really really good they're really clean - they", "fE9sAln7tAA-00121-00056753-00057074": "don't get everywhere and you just go ahead and throw it in there they have a", "fE9sAln7tAA-00122-00057074-00057458": "really thick plastic thing around plastic around them so you don't have to", "fE9sAln7tAA-00123-00057458-00057719": "worry about when you touch them and put it in the toilet that's you're going to", "fE9sAln7tAA-00124-00057719-00058129": "get glue on your fingers or anything like that but yeah these are some really", "fE9sAln7tAA-00125-00058129-00058457": "really good toilet bowl cleaners and like I said they come in three in a pack", "fE9sAln7tAA-00126-00058457-00058874": "and I usually like getting two packs and I'll leave one in the guest bathroom and", "fE9sAln7tAA-00127-00058874-00059216": "only one in our bathroom again I'll just go ahead and go to", "fE9sAln7tAA-00128-00059216-00059709": "Dollar Tree and pick up two to four more so yeah if you guys like having a little", "fE9sAln7tAA-00129-00059709-00060090": "water likely then go ahead and pick things up at Dollar Tree as well moving", "fE9sAln7tAA-00130-00060090-00060507": "onto another favorite cleaner of mine from Dollar Tree and it's the", "fE9sAln7tAA-00131-00060507-00060990": "spic-and-span antibacterial spray and this is one of my favorite cleaners as", "fE9sAln7tAA-00132-00060990-00061205": "well I usually pair it all the time when I", "fE9sAln7tAA-00133-00061205-00061580": "use the awesome spray to clean something I'll spray it with this too and I really", "fE9sAln7tAA-00134-00061580-00061983": "like that it has like a fresh citrus scent and it just keeps your house", "fE9sAln7tAA-00135-00061983-00062376": "smelling really good when you do use it I like using it on the countertops in", "fE9sAln7tAA-00136-00062376-00062784": "the bathroom just by themselves if they don't have anything that I need a scrub", "fE9sAln7tAA-00137-00062784-00063242": "off of them but if they do then I paired that on the bathroom countertops with", "fE9sAln7tAA-00138-00063242-00063612": "the awesome spray but if it's not that dirty then I just go ahead and use this", "fE9sAln7tAA-00139-00063612-00064050": "little antibacterial spray and then what I love about Dollar Tree the most is", "fE9sAln7tAA-00140-00064050-00064473": "that they have these refill bottles and it's such a life saver you guys because", "fE9sAln7tAA-00141-00064473-00064923": "I literally just ran out of this spray about a couple of days ago and I thought", "fE9sAln7tAA-00142-00064923-00065340": "I was just gonna have to go ahead and buy another spray bottle but instead I", "fE9sAln7tAA-00143-00065340-00065769": "just went to Dollar Tree and I realized they had the refill bottle as well yeah", "fE9sAln7tAA-00144-00065769-00066147": "the spray is really great to have if you just have some light cleaning to do but", "fE9sAln7tAA-00145-00066147-00066642": "you also want to disinfect at the same time it does both jobs at once so you", "fE9sAln7tAA-00146-00066642-00067083": "don't even have to use a disinfecting spray because it is antibacterial like I", "fE9sAln7tAA-00147-00067083-00067544": "said and I love that Dollar Tree has these refill bottles on stock it's", "fE9sAln7tAA-00148-00067544-00068016": "absolutely a lifesaver and it's the best thing ever so yeah another one of my", "fE9sAln7tAA-00149-00068016-00068412": "favorite cleaning products from Dollar Tree is this duster and I feel like", "fE9sAln7tAA-00150-00068412-00068804": "that's something everyone should have in their home because", "fE9sAln7tAA-00151-00068804-00069167": "something everybody's going to have in their home no matter how much you clean", "fE9sAln7tAA-00152-00069167-00069665": "you'll always need to dust it too at the end of the day and it's really cool it's", "fE9sAln7tAA-00153-00069665-00070232": "a 360 fiber pick up dirt and hair and it comes in three pieces and I picked up a", "fE9sAln7tAA-00154-00070232-00070703": "new pack just to show you guys so here's the product when you open it it comes", "fE9sAln7tAA-00155-00070703-00071291": "with two dusters in there and then also one wand and it's really easy to use you", "fE9sAln7tAA-00156-00071291-00072185": "guys you just go ahead and slip this one right here in the duster and voila look", "fE9sAln7tAA-00157-00072185-00072653": "at that a duster for a dollar so yeah this is a really great product to have", "fE9sAln7tAA-00158-00072653-00073186": "if you need to dust a certain spot in your house that you just can't reach and", "fE9sAln7tAA-00159-00073186-00073676": "you're just too short to reach like me then you definitely need one of these to", "fE9sAln7tAA-00160-00073676-00074048": "just go ahead and help and get that extra length or that top that you just", "fE9sAln7tAA-00161-00074048-00074453": "can't get so yeah this is also one of my favorite products I needed to pick up", "fE9sAln7tAA-00162-00074453-00074924": "another release I want to share with you guys my go-to favorite bathroom cleaning", "fE9sAln7tAA-00163-00074924-00075425": "products from Dollar Tree and one of them is this foaming spray it's a super", "fE9sAln7tAA-00164-00075425-00075923": "oxygen bathroom cleaning spray and it has a fresh citrus scent I didn't know", "fE9sAln7tAA-00165-00075923-00076340": "that because you really can't smell it honestly so don't expect when you spray", "fE9sAln7tAA-00166-00076340-00076679": "this you're gonna smell oranges or lemons because I personally can't smell", "fE9sAln7tAA-00167-00076679-00077123": "the citrus but it does clean it does get the job done and what I like about these", "fE9sAln7tAA-00168-00077123-00077552": "cleaners is when you spray it on it's blue and then when it's ready to clean", "fE9sAln7tAA-00169-00077552-00078032": "your tub or your sink or whatever you're using to clean this with once it turns", "fE9sAln7tAA-00170-00078032-00078446": "white you can go ahead and scrub it out and rinse it out and voila it's clean", "fE9sAln7tAA-00171-00078446-00078878": "and I really really like using this product I used to go ahead and buy the", "fE9sAln7tAA-00172-00078878-00079532": "Scrubbing Bubbles one religiously but I got so so tired of paying that much for", "fE9sAln7tAA-00173-00079532-00079917": "it and when I went to Dollar Tree one day I realized they had this", "fE9sAln7tAA-00174-00079917-00080258": "I never went back to Scrubbing Bubbles I've never used it again they're honest", "fE9sAln7tAA-00175-00080258-00080732": "sagat's the same thing they all do the same thing they all work the same way so", "fE9sAln7tAA-00176-00080732-00081210": "why spend three or four dollars more on the same product that just doesn't make", "fE9sAln7tAA-00177-00081210-00081597": "sense to me it just says make sense to me but another one of my favorite", "fE9sAln7tAA-00178-00081597-00082220": "bathroom cleaning products is fabulous are you guys who uses fabuloso I know", "fE9sAln7tAA-00179-00082220-00082583": "you use fabulous Oh everybody in their moment use fabulous oh my mom please use", "fE9sAln7tAA-00180-00082583-00083345": "fabulous oh that's why I use fabuloso and this I love I love mopping with this", "fE9sAln7tAA-00181-00083345-00084083": "you guys when you mop with this your home just smells like it's just now so", "fE9sAln7tAA-00182-00084083-00084516": "good like I like mopping with this better than any mr. clean mopping", "fE9sAln7tAA-00183-00084516-00085058": "cleaning product pine-sol I think this Thompson beats them all every time I mop", "fE9sAln7tAA-00184-00085058-00085494": "I just go ahead and pour a little bit of this into my water and it just has my", "fE9sAln7tAA-00185-00085494-00086037": "bathroom smelling really fresh and really good for a few days honest to god", "fE9sAln7tAA-00186-00086037-00086487": "sometimes I feel like it lasts a whole week cuz it's that strong and it smells", "fE9sAln7tAA-00187-00086487-00086933": "of that good and this is actually a new one that I haven't used before which is", "fE9sAln7tAA-00188-00086933-00087377": "why I picked it up and it looks like I actually spilt some out of the bottle", "fE9sAln7tAA-00189-00087377-00087756": "because as you can tell it was full when I bought alright guys that is it for my", "fE9sAln7tAA-00190-00087756-00088074": "favorite dollar tree cleaning products make sure to leave me a comment down", "fE9sAln7tAA-00191-00088074-00088482": "below letting me know which ones are some of your favorite cleaning products", "fE9sAln7tAA-00192-00088482-00088844": "from Dollar trees is there some products I left out because I haven't tried yet", "fE9sAln7tAA-00193-00088844-00089264": "let me know how you like those products definitely recommend some to me that I", "fE9sAln7tAA-00194-00089264-00089688": "just don't know about and don't forget to give this video a big thumbs up and I", "fE9sAln7tAA-00195-00089688-00090051": "hope you decided to subscribe at the end of this video and I'll make sure to", "fE9sAln7tAA-00196-00090051-00090620": "catch you guys in the next one byee hey y'all welcome back to my channel thank", "fE9sAln7tAA-00197-00090620-00090954": "you so much for coming back for another video and for those of you who haven't", "fE9sAln7tAA-00198-00090954-00091824": "seen me before hey girl Layla how you gonna", "fE9sAln7tAA-00199-00091824-00092158": "be taking a dump right now", "fE9sAln7tAA-00200-00092425-00093550": "that's about right man"}}, {"audio_id": "fEn6PFCqO38", "text": {"fEn6PFCqO38-00000-00000000-00034100": "Unlike Russia, business practices in many foreign countries seals and stamps do not attach such a great value. Stamp products is more utilitarian in nature. In Russia, on the contrary, printing and stamps are of great significance, and in many cases without them simply can not do. Thanks to these features of the Russian legislation consumers of stamp products from year to year becomes only more. It is not only state institutions, the number of which is not reduced, but existing and new emerging commercial structure. All this makes the production of stamps very attractive for those who chooses it as earnings. The uniqueness of this business is enormous the difference between the cost and price of the final product. New seals can be produced in an average of 150-250 rubles. Print recovery on print is much more expensive and in average is around 20.e. The cost of printing so ridiculous (6-10 rubles for standard printing) that it is, as mathematicians say, may be disregarded. Where else can you find a business with margins in the thousands (!) percent? Is that the drug trade... And manufacture of seals and stamps you can do without stopping, as mentioned above, the demand for stamp products will not disappear unless, that will radically change the Russian legislation, thereby eliminating the use of stamps, but it's certainly not decades. Who will want to use our equipment for making rubber stamp? The main consumers are: Printing salons, specializing in the production of business cards, leaflets, booklets, forms, etc. in Addition to the manufacture of seals and stamps our equipment can be used for the manufacture of cliches for hot stamping foil (for comparison: the price we offer them equipment comparable to the cost of the paper cutter, and not very expensive, and it probably You already have). Law firm providing services for the registration of companies (LLC, CJSC, individual entrepreneurs, etc.). Individuals and firms that evaluate what benefit it can bring them the manufacture of seals and stamps. Summarizing the data obtained from some of the Moscow manufacturers of stamp products, profit in 1000.e. - the usual result is not very hard work of a team of 2-3 people for one month. In any case, several hundred.e. in a month you are guaranteed, and not only in Moscow but also in any region of Russia. Technology manufacturing seals and stamps Today there are many technologies for the production of seals and stamps. Conditionally they can be divided according to the material from which is made the printing plate or stamp. It is, first and foremost, liquid and solid photopolymers, rubber and microporous ink-filled rubber. Of course, they vary in price, cost, resolution, and cost of production. To create the picture on the computer we propose to use the program Corel Draw. Summarizing all the above suggests the following conclusion: to date, the most widely photopolymer technology. It allows you to start your business with minimal costs. Very high profitability which allows you to quickly return the invested funds, obtain a profit and acquire a permanent clientele. However, over time, customer requirements increase and it becomes not enough to offer production stamps on one technology. The company \"Pechatey\" we are ready to help You at any stage of Your business development."}}, {"audio_id": "fETf0-rULrM", "text": {"fETf0-rULrM-00000-00000100-00000400": "Good day dear friends . My name is Andrey Skoromniy!", "fETf0-rULrM-00001-00000400-00000800": "This gym \"GOLD'S Gym\" The new issue of my program is already in ether.", "fETf0-rULrM-00002-00000800-00001300": "Many people have complained that training of hands long time was not", "fETf0-rULrM-00003-00001300-00001700": "you are bothered with your squats with your back", "fETf0-rULrM-00004-00001700-00002000": "So I decided to fix it. Today, training of hands.", "fETf0-rULrM-00005-00002000-00002200": "This will be an unusual training of hands", "fETf0-rULrM-00006-00002200-00003100": "I invited to visit one of the most titled in the world the Russian arm wrestler Denis Tsyplenkov", "fETf0-rULrM-00007-00003100-00003300": "Hi Denis!", "fETf0-rULrM-00008-00003300-00003400": "Hi Andrey!", "fETf0-rULrM-00009-00003400-00003700": "I invited you for a reason", "fETf0-rULrM-00010-00003700-00004400": "I want to understand what is the difference and what is the similarity between your training of hand and our trainig of hand", "fETf0-rULrM-00011-00004400-00005000": "Our training of hands - the blood is pumped to have big muscles", "fETf0-rULrM-00012-00005000-00005300": "your trainig of hands is strength and ligaments", "fETf0-rULrM-00013-00005600-00005900": "So today I'll be your disciple.", "fETf0-rULrM-00014-00005900-00006500": "I'll do whatever you say, and it is possible ...", "fETf0-rULrM-00015-00009600-00009900": "Now we put the the weight for a warm-up", "fETf0-rULrM-00016-00009900-00010200": "Warms your hands as you want", "fETf0-rULrM-00017-00010200-00010600": "- Warms hands without cheating. - It is necessary to prepare the joints for the job?", "fETf0-rULrM-00018-00012500-00012900": "In bodybuilding should be done microscopic ruptures muscles", "fETf0-rULrM-00019-00012900-00013100": "Then make them bigger", "fETf0-rULrM-00020-00013100-00013400": "Arm wrestlers should do microscopic ruptured ligaments", "fETf0-rULrM-00021-00013400-00013700": "It is necessary for ...", "fETf0-rULrM-00022-00013700-00014000": "Make microscopic rupture ligament in order to ligament will be shorter?", "fETf0-rULrM-00023-00014000-00014200": "The ligament recovering and getting stronger", "fETf0-rULrM-00024-00014200-00014700": "Same thing when breaking a bone, the bone recovers and grown tighter", "fETf0-rULrM-00025-00014700-00015700": "But in order to make microscopic ruptures ligaments, we need to exercise with cheating and with sharpness", "fETf0-rULrM-00026-00015700-00016400": "Weight will be much greater than if done technically correct, as do the bodybuilders", "fETf0-rULrM-00027-00016400-00016700": "Let's hang 10 kg on each side", "fETf0-rULrM-00028-00018500-00018800": "From that moment, our spin helps to lift and add cheating", "fETf0-rULrM-00029-00018800-00019200": "In order that we do not get tired and could lift more weight", "fETf0-rULrM-00030-00019200-00019400": "The amplitude is not very important?", "fETf0-rULrM-00031-00019400-00019600": "It is important to raise", "fETf0-rULrM-00032-00019600-00020100": "You can slowly lower, in order to raise, use whatever you want", "fETf0-rULrM-00033-00022800-00023900": "When I look at 60 cm biceps Dennis, I understand that it is his genetics and the result of training", "fETf0-rULrM-00034-00023900-00024400": "Because most of arm wrestlers are not as big", "fETf0-rULrM-00035-00024400-00025600": "I think if you want a big biceps, then you need to train like bodybuilders", "fETf0-rULrM-00036-00028300-00029400": "In the latter approach, I felt that biceps can lift, but the brush can not keep the weight", "fETf0-rULrM-00037-00029400-00029800": "It turned out that this is my weak spot"}}, {"audio_id": "fEV6n8GIPWy", "text": {"fEV6n8GIPWy-00000-00000085-00000378": "> Don Kincaid: Tell me what lessons we can learn from recent events", "fEV6n8GIPWy-00001-00000378-00000852": "about how governments can better prepare to use social media in times like these?", "fEV6n8GIPWy-00002-00000852-00001349": "> Erik Deckers: I think a lot of governments aren't prepared for crisis communication.", "fEV6n8GIPWy-00003-00001349-00001994": "They're still using e-mail as a primary form of communicating with the media,", "fEV6n8GIPWy-00004-00001994-00002268": "and they don't even consider communicating with the public,", "fEV6n8GIPWy-00005-00002268-00002584": "so I think that's an overall attitude they have to overcome.", "fEV6n8GIPWy-00006-00002584-00002881": "But then they need to actually relax a little bit,", "fEV6n8GIPWy-00007-00002881-00003447": "and let some of their staff use tools like a blog, like Twitter, like Facebook.", "fEV6n8GIPWy-00008-00003447-00004158": "Those three tools, I think, for any government agency, they can communicate with their constituents,", "fEV6n8GIPWy-00009-00004158-00004428": "with the public at large, especially during a crisis.", "fEV6n8GIPWy-00010-00004428-00004962": "And if they get into the habit of doing it now, when there's nothing going on,", "fEV6n8GIPWy-00011-00004962-00005528": "and they just... it's almost like every day is a test, or simulation of some sort,", "fEV6n8GIPWy-00012-00005528-00005774": "and they just put out new blog posts,", "fEV6n8GIPWy-00013-00005774-00006281": "and talk about what their agencies are doing, they get on Twitter,", "fEV6n8GIPWy-00014-00006281-00006601": "and meet people who they might be associated with later on, during a crisis.", "fEV6n8GIPWy-00015-00006601-00007302": "If they start doing that, then the agency becomes the voice of authority during the crisis.", "fEV6n8GIPWy-00016-00007302-00007837": "Otherwise, they're too busy 'playing catch-up', because people like me are on Twitter,", "fEV6n8GIPWy-00017-00007837-00008296": "reporting on things we see on the news, to everybody else, who's not turned on the TV,", "fEV6n8GIPWy-00018-00008296-00009048": "and the agency in question has lost all credibility, they've lost their expertise,", "fEV6n8GIPWy-00019-00009048-00009381": "basically, their right to speak, as the authority."}}, {"audio_id": "fFncmGKA6zg", "text": {"fFncmGKA6zg-00000-00000176-00000597": "Houtan Noushmehr: Anyhow, so I kind of just like to thank everyone", "fFncmGKA6zg-00001-00000597-00001076": "for inviting me and the organizers, and also to let you guys know that I was -- I gave", "fFncmGKA6zg-00002-00001076-00001714": "this talk about 2009, almost seven, eight years ago, among the same group of people.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00003-00001714-00002075": "But we didn't call it the symposium; we called it the TCGA Jamboree [spelled phonetically].", "fFncmGKA6zg-00004-00002075-00002451": "I’m sure a lot of you guys probably remember that.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00005-00002451-00003497": "Those were some good times, and today I'm going to talk about the efforts that was -- no,", "fFncmGKA6zg-00006-00003497-00003887": "that’s not it.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00007-00003887-00004151": "It’s a PDF.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00008-00004151-00004385": "Right there.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00009-00004385-00004735": "That fourth one.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00010-00004735-00004853": "Yeah.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00011-00004853-00005105": "Can you just go view?", "fFncmGKA6zg-00012-00005105-00005444": "Male Speaker: [inaudible]", "fFncmGKA6zg-00013-00005444-00006010": "Houtan Noushmehr: [affirmative] Okay, great.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00014-00006010-00006584": "All right, so -- yeah, so the talk -- the title is \"Pan-Glioma Integrative Analysis,", "fFncmGKA6zg-00015-00006584-00007244": "A TCG Projects Since 2006,\" and I’m one of three co-chairs Roel Verhaak and Antonio", "fFncmGKA6zg-00016-00007244-00007868": "Iavarone are leading this project and this analysis, so I represent the TCGA LGG and", "fFncmGKA6zg-00017-00007868-00008139": "GBM Analysis Working Group.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00018-00008139-00008674": "So brain cancer, as we know, is divided among grades and histologies, as was shown by Laila's", "fFncmGKA6zg-00019-00008674-00008992": "presentation earlier today.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00020-00008992-00009463": "Glioblastoma multiforme is representative of high-grade, grade IV, typically of astrocytoma", "fFncmGKA6zg-00021-00009463-00010202": "is like cell types, generally have poor survival, whereas the lower grade gliomas are diffuse,", "fFncmGKA6zg-00022-00010202-00010559": "generally grade II and grade III, with mixed histology.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00023-00010559-00010999": "Astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas [spelled phonetically], astrocytomas with an overall", "fFncmGKA6zg-00024-00010999-00011166": "better survival.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00025-00011166-00011834": "So generally, we consider histological grading adversely correlates with outcome, and since", "fFncmGKA6zg-00026-00011834-00012554": "2006, as you all know, TCGA started with three primary pilot tumor studies, GBM being one", "fFncmGKA6zg-00027-00012554-00012678": "of them.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00028-00012678-00013295": "And GBM actually was one of the first marker papers that came out of our group, and I'm", "fFncmGKA6zg-00029-00013295-00014041": "calling it as here version 1.0 because subsequently, in 2013, Cameron Brannan and Roel Verhaak", "fFncmGKA6zg-00030-00014041-00014599": "and others and myself, we published a second marker paper, version 2.0, with an expanded", "fFncmGKA6zg-00031-00014599-00014734": "TCGA set.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00032-00014734-00015545": "And in between that, we published two companion papers, looking both at gene expression profiling", "fFncmGKA6zg-00033-00015545-00016051": "for these GBMs as well as DNA methylation profiling, where we identified a very specific,", "fFncmGKA6zg-00034-00016051-00016285": "unique subtype, which we termed G-CIMP.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00035-00016285-00017159": "So, you know, we’re very happy to note that TCGA produced four outstanding papers with", "fFncmGKA6zg-00036-00017159-00018071": "high impacts and high citations, and the first -- or this version 2.0 marker paper, in 2013,", "fFncmGKA6zg-00037-00018071-00018630": "was actually presented by Roel Verhaak within the same meeting, then in the second TCGA", "fFncmGKA6zg-00038-00018630-00019033": "symposium, so I put up a link in here so you can view the YouTube if you like.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00039-00019033-00019423": "But I just want to highlight three main points from that paper because it relates to what", "fFncmGKA6zg-00040-00019423-00019618": "I'm going to present to you later today.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00041-00019618-00020056": "So the first thing that we've identified was we identified novel mutations and rearrangements", "fFncmGKA6zg-00042-00020056-00020454": "in EGFR, using our expanded data set.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00043-00020454-00020957": "Promoter mutation correlates with expression, suggesting a role in tumors’ reactivation,", "fFncmGKA6zg-00044-00020957-00021453": "and the G-CIMP, the champion there, was confirmed with best overall survival.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00045-00021453-00022202": "IDH1 IDH2 mutation has been well studied now in gliomas, we -- and among others, reported", "fFncmGKA6zg-00046-00022202-00022927": "a high correlation with IDH mutation with an impact on DNA methylation as represented", "fFncmGKA6zg-00047-00022927-00023481": "here, G-CIMPs having the lowest -- or I’m sorry -- the highest methylation pattern among", "fFncmGKA6zg-00048-00023481-00024215": "all high-grade GBMs, generally defined as being younger, the age of onset, better survival,", "fFncmGKA6zg-00049-00024215-00024581": "and, as I said, associated with IDH1 mutation.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00050-00024581-00025231": "And we've also shown that this is highly represented among the lower grade gliomas, among other", "fFncmGKA6zg-00051-00025231-00025331": "people.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00052-00025331-00025672": "So what we did here, to kind of give you a bird’s eye view of the genomic landscape", "fFncmGKA6zg-00053-00025672-00026352": "across all TCGA tumors, this is -- we pulled down 10,000 plus tumor types across 34 different", "fFncmGKA6zg-00054-00026352-00026904": "tumor types, calculated the average mean methylation level for each sample and plotted it here", "fFncmGKA6zg-00055-00026904-00027473": "on a box plot and then sorted by the overall mean distribution per tumor type.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00056-00027473-00028007": "And what you can see is that the LGGs has the highest overall methylation level across", "fFncmGKA6zg-00057-00028007-00028444": "all these different tumor types, whereas the testicular cancer, kind of the positive control", "fFncmGKA6zg-00058-00028444-00028910": "there, has the lowest methylation level, as expected since seminomas are mostly un-methylated.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00059-00028910-00029842": "IDH mutations correlates with favorable outcome in GBM and astrocytomas, and the main marker", "fFncmGKA6zg-00060-00029842-00030458": "paper that came out -- well, that’s be coming out in the coming weeks, was also presented", "fFncmGKA6zg-00061-00030458-00030845": "last year by Daniel Brat, and again I’m not going to go through any of the topics", "fFncmGKA6zg-00062-00030845-00031295": "that he mentioned, and I'll just give you guys a link up here if you want to watch his", "fFncmGKA6zg-00063-00031295-00031395": "video.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00064-00031395-00031761": "But the main things that we are reporting in this paper is that we were identifying", "fFncmGKA6zg-00065-00031761-00032269": "three major clusters, Laila kind of represented that earlier today, IDH mutant codels, so", "fFncmGKA6zg-00066-00032269-00032868": "these are samples that had the codeletions of the 1P19 co-arm; IDH mutants with non-codels,", "fFncmGKA6zg-00067-00032868-00033422": "and then there’s a subset of IDH wild type, and as Laila had represented, these are generally", "fFncmGKA6zg-00068-00033422-00033596": "of GMB-like.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00069-00033596-00034017": "So we have IDH wild type, regardless of histology, had genomic aberrations and clinical behavior", "fFncmGKA6zg-00070-00034017-00034549": "is similar to primary glioblastomas, nearly all IDH mutant LGGs without the codel deletion", "fFncmGKA6zg-00071-00034549-00034944": "had mutations in P53, ATRX and so forth.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00072-00034944-00035492": "And LGGs that were IDH mutant and codel had the most favorable clinical outcomes and were", "fFncmGKA6zg-00073-00035492-00036043": "associated with mutations among the CIC, FUBP1, NOTCH1, and the TERT promoters.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00074-00036043-00037153": "So these two efforts by TCGA expanded our insight into the glioma field, particularly", "fFncmGKA6zg-00075-00037153-00037481": "looking at the molecular, associated with the clinical phenotypes.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00076-00037481-00037934": "And given this, we then formed an analysis working group that started about one and a", "fFncmGKA6zg-00077-00037934-00038034": "half years ago.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00078-00038034-00038296": "We are currently in the writing stage.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00079-00038296-00038935": "Again this is -- the idea behind this is to then look and understand the characteristics", "fFncmGKA6zg-00080-00038935-00039517": "molecular features between lower grade gliomas and GBM and also, given this larger, expanded", "fFncmGKA6zg-00081-00039517-00040271": "data set, can we then understand the relationship between those GBM-like LGGs, as well as the", "fFncmGKA6zg-00082-00040271-00040693": "G-CIMP phenotypes that are very similar to the LGG phenotype.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00083-00040693-00041040": "Now that we have this expanded set, can we now learn more about that.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00084-00041040-00041435": "So the clinical molecular characteristics of the glioma data set that we have through", "fFncmGKA6zg-00085-00041435-00042028": "TCGA includes over 1122 samples, majority of them are GBMs, but there’s an almost", "fFncmGKA6zg-00086-00042028-00042340": "-- an even mix between GBMs and LGGs.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00087-00042340-00042790": "Since the new paper that's coming out in “New England Journal of Medicine,” which profiled", "fFncmGKA6zg-00088-00042790-00043499": "289 LGGs, we’ve expanded that now with an additional 290, and IDH status are known for", "fFncmGKA6zg-00089-00043499-00043751": "over 87 percent of the samples.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00090-00043751-00044357": "So molecular profiling of the largest glioma data set to date, we have a diverse set of", "fFncmGKA6zg-00091-00044357-00044637": "platforms that we've used.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00092-00044637-00045129": "Again, this is going historical here from 2006 beyond, so you can imagine that the technologies", "fFncmGKA6zg-00093-00045129-00045335": "have advanced considerably during this time.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00094-00045335-00045721": "So there were a lot of different platforms are being represented per experiment.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00095-00045721-00046305": "But the major experiments that we've profiled and have for this particular data set includes", "fFncmGKA6zg-00096-00046305-00046761": "gene expression, DNA copy number, DNA methylation somatic mutations.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00097-00046761-00047168": "So the overall genomic landscape that we've found looking at this entire panglioma data", "fFncmGKA6zg-00098-00047168-00047799": "set is that GISTIC identified 57 disjoint applications with 105 deletion -- deleted", "fFncmGKA6zg-00099-00047799-00047899": "regions.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00100-00047899-00048407": "They’re very large megabase regions across 1,000 glioma patients.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00101-00048407-00048718": "MutSig identified 100 candidate gene.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00102-00048718-00049217": "This was profiled across three different centers, 30 of which were previously-reported, both", "fFncmGKA6zg-00103-00049217-00049788": "from the first marker paper in GBM and the new marker paper that's coming out.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00104-00049788-00050330": "And again, the usual suspects, IDH1, P53, ATRX, EGFR, PTEN, PIK3CA, PIK3R1, and NF1", "fFncmGKA6zg-00105-00050330-00050923": "have all been represented, additional -- with an additional set of 70 genes that are now", "fFncmGKA6zg-00106-00050923-00051025": "being reported.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00107-00051025-00051305": "And here's just a snapshot of some of these genes.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00108-00051305-00051879": "What we are now able to get from this larger sample set power [spelled phonetically] is", "fFncmGKA6zg-00109-00051879-00052633": "that we can get lower frequent numbers of mutant events, so -- and these are candidates", "fFncmGKA6zg-00110-00052633-00053528": "for oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, so such as SETD2, ARID2, KRAS, DNMT3A, and", "fFncmGKA6zg-00111-00053528-00054113": "NRAS, and so forth, that have not ever been reported in either GBM or LGGs, and so we’re", "fFncmGKA6zg-00112-00054113-00054538": "now able to now report this in this new manage group.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00113-00054538-00054957": "Looking at the overall genomic landscape Floris said what he’d done was organize the patients", "fFncmGKA6zg-00114-00054957-00055450": "according to those three major clusters that we are looking at -- the IDH mutants, the", "fFncmGKA6zg-00115-00055450-00056254": "IDH mutant non-codels and IDH wild type; and then here, selecting specific genes associated", "fFncmGKA6zg-00116-00056254-00056864": "with particular pathways, such as cell cycle, the RAS pathway, apoptosis, chromatin modifiers,", "fFncmGKA6zg-00117-00056864-00057159": "and toward not signaling in cohesion.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00118-00057159-00057691": "And what we can see from here from this global landscape is that the vast majority of the", "fFncmGKA6zg-00119-00057691-00058324": "IDH wild type are represented by cell cycle and RAS pathways, as well as the mTOR pathway,", "fFncmGKA6zg-00120-00058324-00058876": "whereas the IDH mutant non-codels are dominated by apoptotic -- apoptosis-related genes as", "fFncmGKA6zg-00121-00058876-00059417": "well as chromatin modifiers, and the IDH mutant codels are dominated by the notch signaling", "fFncmGKA6zg-00122-00059417-00059583": "[spelled phonetically].", "fFncmGKA6zg-00123-00059583-00060102": "What we also did was looked at the relationship between ATRX and TERP promoter mutations.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00124-00060102-00060600": "We found that they’re mutually exclusive in our cohort, as was reported in several", "fFncmGKA6zg-00125-00060600-00060900": "recent articles in the past couple years.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00126-00060900-00061548": "One thing that we did, though, do with this data set was use the normal tumor blood samples,", "fFncmGKA6zg-00127-00061548-00062016": "and estimated that tumor length -- a tumor link for each of these tumors, and then associated", "fFncmGKA6zg-00128-00062016-00062533": "that with whether they’re ATRX mutants or TERP promoter mutants.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00129-00062533-00063016": "And what we found was that the TERP promoter mutant subgroups have a lower tumor length", "fFncmGKA6zg-00130-00063016-00063691": "overall compared to their normal partners, whereas the ATRX mutants have a longer tumor", "fFncmGKA6zg-00131-00063691-00063971": "length.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00132-00063971-00064746": "The RNA sequencing data, we have over 667 gliomas represented here, defines four major", "fFncmGKA6zg-00133-00064746-00065295": "clusters, three of them dominated by IDH mutants and one of them dominated by the IDH wild", "fFncmGKA6zg-00134-00065295-00065475": "type.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00135-00065475-00066067": "We've also looked at DNA methylation, identified two macro clusters dominated by IDH mutants", "fFncmGKA6zg-00136-00066067-00066705": "and IDH wild type, and within each of these groups, we have three sub-clusters, LGM1,", "fFncmGKA6zg-00137-00066705-00067099": "so we’re calling every -- all the clusters from here on out LG, as lower-grade glioma", "fFncmGKA6zg-00138-00067099-00067442": "and GBM, and then M would represent the platform.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00139-00067442-00067695": "So in that case, for the expression, we’ll call it LGR.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00140-00067695-00068202": "And so in here, we’re calling it LGM1, 2, and 3, dominated by IDH mutants, and LG 4,", "fFncmGKA6zg-00141-00068202-00068402": "5, and 6 are the wild types.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00142-00068402-00068986": "And there’s a split between the GBMs and the LGGs.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00143-00068986-00069475": "We -- in collaboration with Sophie, she was able to -- and her team were able to merge", "fFncmGKA6zg-00144-00069475-00070142": "the two expression and methylation data to generate a tumor map, and then overlaying", "fFncmGKA6zg-00145-00070142-00070787": "that with simple types defined by the four different clusters by expression and six different", "fFncmGKA6zg-00146-00070787-00070972": "clusters by methylation.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00147-00070972-00071501": "And you can see they nicely separate the IDH mutants and the IDH wild types.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00148-00071501-00072012": "What we also looked at, and it was quite interesting, is that the IDH mutants are dominated by three", "fFncmGKA6zg-00149-00072012-00072527": "different clusters, and if you look at the genomic -- at the genomic profile, genome", "fFncmGKA6zg-00150-00072527-00072922": "wide is looking at over 20,000 probes per sample.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00151-00072922-00073513": "There's clearly a difference between LGM1, 2, and 3 by methylation, even though they", "fFncmGKA6zg-00152-00073513-00073968": "all are represented by IDH1 mutation status.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00153-00073968-00074333": "And even among the IDH wild type there are some differences between them.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00154-00074333-00074737": "So this is not looking at the methylation just at the heat map, but using the heat map", "fFncmGKA6zg-00155-00074737-00075221": "as a discovery, and then now looking at the entire genomic profile, and then seeing that", "fFncmGKA6zg-00156-00075221-00075604": "there is true stratifications genome wide.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00157-00075604-00076214": "Survival now shows that there's this strong stratification by these LGM methylation clusters.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00158-00076214-00076834": "LGM1, 2, and 3, which as I said are IDH mutants, they have a higher methylation profile, are", "fFncmGKA6zg-00159-00076834-00077441": "-- had the overall best survival, whereas there’s a subset of these IDH mutant, which", "fFncmGKA6zg-00160-00077441-00077973": "we termed LGM1 which have a lower survival, and this is quite significant, even after", "fFncmGKA6zg-00161-00077973-00078277": "adjustment by tumor type and age.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00162-00078277-00078931": "IDH wild type also shows as a striking difference in survival, whereas the LGM6 here, highlighted", "fFncmGKA6zg-00163-00078931-00079402": "in blue shows a tendency for an improved survival.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00164-00079402-00079787": "Now, I'm not going to talk about the wild type in this talk; we don't have a lot of", "fFncmGKA6zg-00165-00079787-00079887": "time.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00166-00079887-00080106": "But I'm going to go ahead and mentioned to you some of the findings that we've come up", "fFncmGKA6zg-00167-00080106-00080417": "within the LGM1 cohort.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00168-00080417-00080877": "So what we did, Patchy [spelled phonetically] here, a postdoc in my lab, she -- in collaboration", "fFncmGKA6zg-00169-00080877-00081494": "with Michele, took the DNA methylation data as well as the gene expression data -- and", "fFncmGKA6zg-00170-00081494-00081996": "I didn't tell you this earlier, but the LGM1s are dominated by the non-codels, and so to", "fFncmGKA6zg-00171-00081996-00082760": "eradicate any influences by the codels, we just focused only within the non-codel sub-cohort,", "fFncmGKA6zg-00172-00082760-00083281": "and then looked at the differences between this LGM1 and LGM2, since LGM2 is dominated", "fFncmGKA6zg-00173-00083281-00083460": "by the non-codels.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00174-00083460-00083831": "And what we found is that there is a lot of genes that have lost methylation compared", "fFncmGKA6zg-00175-00083831-00083993": "to the counterparts.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00176-00083993-00084523": "These are all associated within -- is all reference in relation to LGM1, and we also", "fFncmGKA6zg-00177-00084523-00084948": "find that genes that are upregulated and genes that are down regulated as they lose their", "fFncmGKA6zg-00178-00084948-00085189": "methylation.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00179-00085189-00085824": "So interestingly, when we take these 179 probes that we've identified as being different between", "fFncmGKA6zg-00180-00085824-00086524": "these LGM1 cohort and the LGM2 cohort, what you find is that the dominant difference is", "fFncmGKA6zg-00181-00086524-00086836": "not just the entire cohort of the LGM1 non-codels.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00182-00086836-00087485": "I remind you again the LGM1s were defined by a discovery panel that was designed to", "fFncmGKA6zg-00183-00087485-00087647": "look at tumor specific probes.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00184-00087647-00088055": "Now, when we do a more supervised analysis given that discovery and analysis, we now", "fFncmGKA6zg-00185-00088055-00088862": "discover a substructure within the LGM1, this hypo-class within the LGM1, and it’s represented", "fFncmGKA6zg-00186-00088862-00089492": "even in a different data set, like gene expression data sets, which had a pronounced expression", "fFncmGKA6zg-00187-00089492-00089768": "pattern elevated within this cohort.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00188-00089768-00090118": "You can see the second track there with the black and the white.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00189-00090118-00090662": "The blacks are the GBMs and whites are the LGGs, so it’s not just high-grade GBMs that", "fFncmGKA6zg-00190-00090662-00090836": "are dominated within this feature.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00191-00090836-00091191": "There's a mix of some LGGs as well in there.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00192-00091191-00091742": "So she then looked at the overall mean methylation level and, lo and behold, those guys are -- genome-wide", "fFncmGKA6zg-00193-00091742-00092456": "are much lower methylation than the reciprocal LGM1 hyper group as well as the LGM2 hyper", "fFncmGKA6zg-00194-00092456-00092556": "group.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00195-00092556-00092967": "And now, when we looked at survival based on this new stratification, you see now that", "fFncmGKA6zg-00196-00092967-00093748": "the dominant trend for poor survival within that LGM1 IDH mutant codel or non-codel subtype,", "fFncmGKA6zg-00197-00093748-00094335": "dominated by this hypo phenotype within the LGM1, whereas the LGM1 hyper group is at elevated", "fFncmGKA6zg-00198-00094335-00095102": "survival, similar to its counterparts in the LGM2 and LGM3.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00199-00095102-00095867": "So we set out to then investigate genome wide, given that we have a 450K platform that many", "fFncmGKA6zg-00200-00095867-00096261": "of you probably have worked with and know very, very extensively, that these not only", "fFncmGKA6zg-00201-00096261-00096820": "covers canonical promoters, but also covers intergenic regions, such as enhancers -- candidate", "fFncmGKA6zg-00202-00096820-00097027": "enhancers and silencers.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00203-00097027-00097730": "And so what we set out to do was look at all these features that we have, given the differences", "fFncmGKA6zg-00204-00097730-00098193": "between these two platforms, and see whether we can find genomic features that unique,", "fFncmGKA6zg-00205-00098193-00098598": "and what we found is that -- is that there -- I don't know if I have a pointer.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00206-00098598-00099050": "Yeah -- 67 percent of our set of probes that we find are enriched in the open seas here,", "fFncmGKA6zg-00207-00099050-00099217": "in these intergenic regions.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00208-00099217-00099673": "And when we do a motif analysis to find a genomic signature, we find that Sox2 in the", "fFncmGKA6zg-00209-00099673-00100383": "Sox family motif factor is prominent and enriched within these cohorts of probes.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00210-00100383-00100910": "And it's -- we also found that the expression of Sox to be elevated 12 out of the -- I’m", "fFncmGKA6zg-00211-00100910-00101480": "sorry -- 10 out of the 12 Sox families are elevated in this cohort compared to this LGM2", "fFncmGKA6zg-00212-00101480-00101608": "cohort.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00213-00101608-00101843": "We then set out to validate this data.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00214-00101843-00102358": "We pulled in DNA methylation data that was recently reported in Nature.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00215-00102358-00103051": "These are all IDH mutant cohorts, and using the same probe set that we have here, given", "fFncmGKA6zg-00216-00103051-00103679": "this new data set, non-TCGA data mind you, we can now then see that there are three samples", "fFncmGKA6zg-00217-00103679-00103967": "of very low methylation level here.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00218-00103967-00104504": "And if you look at our data set here, we have 25 that we’re identifying at LGM1-hypo.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00219-00104504-00104913": "This represents roughly a frequency rate of about five and a half percent of our data", "fFncmGKA6zg-00220-00104913-00105284": "set, and in their data set, three out of 49 represent six percent.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00221-00105284-00105829": "So it’s kind of nice that the frequency is represented here.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00222-00105829-00106454": "So one last thing, we also looked and tried to identify epigenetically silent biomarkers", "fFncmGKA6zg-00223-00106454-00106930": "or prognostic biomarkers that defines these differences in survival.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00224-00106930-00107621": "What Thais did, a student in my lab, she defined five different regulatory groups; we’re", "fFncmGKA6zg-00225-00107621-00107979": "calling them e-regs [spelled phonetically], epigenetically regulated group one, two, three,", "fFncmGKA6zg-00226-00107979-00108079": "four, and five.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00227-00108079-00108654": "These are groups of genes that are hyper-methylated within a group of patients that we now know", "fFncmGKA6zg-00228-00108654-00109247": "are different in survival, in clinical output, compared to all the other ones, and here,", "fFncmGKA6zg-00229-00109247-00109622": "these are some non-TCGA tumor brain samples here.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00230-00109622-00110019": "And then we took the RNA sequencing data, so for example, these cohorts of genes here", "fFncmGKA6zg-00231-00110019-00110529": "are hyper-methylated and their gene expression for those same genes are down regulated and", "fFncmGKA6zg-00232-00110529-00110677": "upregulated than all the other ones.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00233-00110677-00111136": "And again, here, this is representative of the IDH mutant as a whole.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00234-00111136-00111390": "Down regulated, upregulated, and so forth.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00235-00111390-00111884": "You can see that there are sets of genes here that are well defining each of these different", "fFncmGKA6zg-00236-00111884-00112183": "survival groups.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00237-00112183-00112800": "So obviously, this is not as important unless you can validate this, and so we did validate", "fFncmGKA6zg-00238-00112800-00112900": "this.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00239-00112900-00113413": "We pulled in four different publications that was recently published within the last two", "fFncmGKA6zg-00240-00113413-00113540": "years.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00241-00113540-00114159": "Edelburg Sturm [spelled phonetically] paper here, looking at 136 GBMs among 59 pediatrics", "fFncmGKA6zg-00242-00114159-00114761": "and some adults, 61 pilocytic astrocytomas; these are tumor types of low grade, grade", "fFncmGKA6zg-00243-00114761-00115032": "I types.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00244-00115032-00115645": "Lower grade gliomas here, mix of non-codels and codels, as well as 46 oligodendroglioma", "fFncmGKA6zg-00245-00115645-00116148": "tumors, and you can see very clearly using these same sets of genes here that we've identified", "fFncmGKA6zg-00246-00116148-00116793": "using the TCGA cohort, you can see that they’re very well reproduced within these sample sets,", "fFncmGKA6zg-00247-00116793-00117292": "and then we also then were able to classify these data according to our subtypes of LGM1,", "fFncmGKA6zg-00248-00117292-00117555": "2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00249-00117555-00117867": "The survival, very similar to what we're producing.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00250-00117867-00118483": "Obviously, we have the advantage of a larger data set, so this LGM1 cohort is representative", "fFncmGKA6zg-00251-00118483-00119167": "of 55 samples, whereas in our validations that we were able to identify seven in their", "fFncmGKA6zg-00252-00119167-00119267": "cohort.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00253-00119267-00119571": "Yet there's still a nice trend for the similar profile.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00254-00119571-00120134": "Okay, so I’ve got 30 seconds and just going to end here with a summary of four major points.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00255-00120134-00120739": "One, we identified several novel genes that likely contributions to gliomagenesis.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00256-00120739-00121117": "We showed that mutations in TERT and ATRX have an impact on tumor length.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00257-00121117-00121598": "We identified molecularly tumor subtypes that defied traditional histology, and we identified", "fFncmGKA6zg-00258-00121598-00122036": "epigenetically regulated genes that can predict patient outcome.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00259-00122036-00122383": "And again, I just want to acknowledge some of the key people who have worked on this", "fFncmGKA6zg-00260-00122383-00122483": "project.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00261-00122483-00122884": "Again, this is a project since 2006, so every member here has contributed significantly", "fFncmGKA6zg-00262-00122884-00123076": "to this work.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00263-00123076-00123605": "But leading this project right now is myself, Roel Verhaak, and Antonio Iavarone, as well", "fFncmGKA6zg-00264-00123605-00124142": "as Floris, a student in Roel's lab, Michele, a collaborator of ours from Italy, and two", "fFncmGKA6zg-00265-00124142-00124696": "of my students here, Tathiane Malta and Thais Sabedot, who have been doing lots of work", "fFncmGKA6zg-00266-00124696-00125261": "on the epigenetics, and again lots of people involved in this project as well as the analysis", "fFncmGKA6zg-00267-00125261-00126038": "working groups from GBM to LGG are being represented here, so thank you very much.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00268-00126038-00126261": "[applause]", "fFncmGKA6zg-00269-00126261-00127052": "Male Speaker: It's is a metabolic gene.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00270-00127052-00127463": "Do you expect to see differences and have you looked for difference the metabolic profiles", "fFncmGKA6zg-00271-00127463-00127571": "of the tumors?", "fFncmGKA6zg-00272-00127571-00127834": "Houtan Noushmehr: No, we did not look at that.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00273-00127834-00128053": "But yeah, we would expect to see something if we had.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00274-00128053-00128376": "Maybe the proteomic data can help us with that, but we just didn’t have -- again,", "fFncmGKA6zg-00275-00128376-00128658": "you have to understand that GBMs were started in 2006.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00276-00128658-00129115": "Proteomic stuff hasn’t started until later on, so we’re underpowered there.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00277-00129115-00129651": "Female Speaker: I know the TCGA was not really designed to", "fFncmGKA6zg-00278-00129651-00130333": "have clinical impact, but this is such a terrible disease, and I know brain cancers were selected", "fFncmGKA6zg-00279-00130333-00130958": "to be an important TCGA tumor type, because prognosis is so bad.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00280-00130958-00131416": "Do you think that there's anything that you've done here that will have an impact on patient", "fFncmGKA6zg-00281-00131416-00131516": "care?", "fFncmGKA6zg-00282-00131516-00132100": "And of course you can't count the discovery of IDH1, which you know came from another", "fFncmGKA6zg-00283-00132100-00132200": "group.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00284-00132200-00132313": "Houtan Noushmehr: Yeah, right.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00285-00132313-00132441": "Female Speaker: Yeah.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00286-00132441-00132866": "Houtan Noushmehr: And definitely the clinical impact --", "fFncmGKA6zg-00287-00132866-00132966": "Female Speaker: No disrespect intended.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00288-00132966-00133095": "Houtan Noushmehr: The clinical impact of this is, I think is", "fFncmGKA6zg-00289-00133095-00133195": "pronounced.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00290-00133195-00133586": "It’s very strong because there are subsets of patients within the lower grade gliomas,", "fFncmGKA6zg-00291-00133586-00134209": "for example, that are wild type, that have differences clinically, as well as molecular", "fFncmGKA6zg-00292-00134209-00134677": "differences, and this is going to help at least for treatment protocols to define whether", "fFncmGKA6zg-00293-00134677-00135641": "they should be, you know, exhibiting a particular treatment protocol or not, so, thank you [laughs].", "fFncmGKA6zg-00294-00135641-00135959": "That’s a difficult question, but -- I’m not a clinician, so I don’t [laughs] -- it’s", "fFncmGKA6zg-00295-00135959-00136059": "okay.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00296-00136059-00136159": "Go ahead.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00297-00136159-00136259": "Male Speaker: I’m thinking of a big clinical impact because", "fFncmGKA6zg-00298-00136259-00136477": "I’m just looking at Antonio Iavarone, who’s near me.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00299-00136477-00137296": "The discovery of FGFR3 translocation, though I’m not sure that was, strictly speaking,", "fFncmGKA6zg-00300-00137296-00137396": "a TCGA thing.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00301-00137396-00137646": "But he’s part of the TCGA group.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00302-00137646-00138071": "But my question actually was about a different kinase that you mentioned, which was KDR,", "fFncmGKA6zg-00303-00138071-00138351": "and you talked about KDR as a new candidate oncogene.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00304-00138351-00139336": "But it’s part of the, you know, that’s really driven by the fact that it's part of", "fFncmGKA6zg-00305-00139336-00139482": "the same [unintelligible] as PDGFRA and KIT [spelled phonetically], and I’m wondering", "fFncmGKA6zg-00306-00139482-00140649": "what’s the evidence for KDR being a separate actual target of the amplification or driver", "fFncmGKA6zg-00307-00140649-00140798": "oncogene, just wondering if you can comment on that.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00308-00140798-00140915": "Houtan Noushmehr: Yeah, oh, I really can’t answer that question", "fFncmGKA6zg-00309-00140915-00141312": "effectively, and I’m just going to have to say there’s just a lower number of samples", "fFncmGKA6zg-00310-00141312-00141841": "we’re looking at, about five samples or 10 samples that exhibit this particular mutation.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00311-00141841-00142496": "But yeah, I'm going to have to defer to Antonio for that.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00312-00142496-00143435": "Female Speaker: So Houtan, I was just thinking, am I being", "fFncmGKA6zg-00313-00143435-00143773": "pulled in to look at those five mutations and see where they land.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00314-00143773-00143904": "Houtan Noushmehr: Okay.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00315-00143904-00144038": "Female Speaker: Yeah.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00316-00144038-00144329": "Houtan Noushmehr: I hope Roel is listening [laughs].", "fFncmGKA6zg-00317-00144329-00144553": "Female Speaker: [laughs] Okay.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00318-00144553-00144666": "Thank you very much, Houtan.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00319-00144666-00145265": "We are going to move on to the next talk.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00320-00145265-00145413": "[applause]", "fFncmGKA6zg-00321-00145413-00146240": "So Angeliki Pantazi from Harvard Medical School will talk about the somatic structure rearrangement", "fFncmGKA6zg-00322-00146240-00146340": "in RAS pathway.", "fFncmGKA6zg-00323-00146340-00146358": "[end of transcript]"}}]